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A - <=** Area Wage Survey U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin 2050-3 - . Huntsville, Alabama, Metropolitan Area, February 1979 Preface T h is bu lletin p r o v id e s re su lts o f a F e b r u a r y 1979 su rv ey o f o c c u p a tional earn ings in the H u ntsville, A laba m a , Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistica l A rea . The su rv ey was m ade as pa rt o f the B ureau o f L a b or S t a t is t ic s ’ annual a rea w age su rv ey p rog ra m . It w as con du cted by the B u rea u 's re g io n a l o ffic e in A tlanta, G a ., under the g en era l d ir e c tio n o f J e r r y G. A d a m s, A ssista n t R eg ion al C o m m is s io n e r fo r O pera tion s. The su rv ey cou ld not have been a c c o m p lis h e d without the co o p e ra tio n o f the m any fir m s w hose wage and sa la ry data p rov id ed the b a sis fo r the s ta tistica l in form a tion in this bulletin. The B ureau w ish es to e x p re s s s in c e r e a p p re cia tio n fo r the c oop era tion r e ce iv e d . M a teria l in this p u blica tion is in the pu blic dom ain and m ay be rep rod u ced without p e r m is s io n o f the F e d e r a l G overn m en t. P le a s e c re d it the Bureau o f L a b or S ta tistics and cite the nam e and num ber of this publication. Note: A ls o ava ila b le fo r the H untsville a rea a re listin g s o f union w age rates fo r building tr a d e s , printing tr a d e s , lo c a l-t r a n s it operating e m p lo y e e s , lo c a l tr u ck d r iv e rs and h e lp e r s , and g r o c e r y sto re e m p lo y e e s . F r e e c o p ie s of th ese a re av ailab le fr o m the B u rea u 's re g io n a l o ffic e s . (See ba ck c o v e r fo r a d d r e s s e s .) Area Wage Survey Huntsville, Alabama, Metropolitan Area, February 1979 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Contents Page Page Bureau of Labor Statistics Janet L. Norwood Commissioner June 1979 Bulletin 2050-3 For sale by the Superintendent of D ocu ments, U S . Government Printing Office, W ashington. D C 20402, G P O Bookstores, or B LS Regional Offices listed on back cover Digitized for Make FRASER Price $1 00 checks payable to Super intendent of Documents http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Introduction 2 Tables: E arnings: A - l . Weekly earnings of office w o r k e r s _____ 3 A -2 . Weekly earnings o f p rofession a l and technical w ork ers______________ ___ 4 A -3 . Average weekly earnings of o ffice , p rofession a l, and technical w ork ers, by s e x ------------------- 5 A -4 . Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom , and powerplant w o rk e r s______________________ 6 A -5 . Hourly earnings o f m aterial movem ent and custodial w orkers _____ 6 A -6 . Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom , pow erplant, m aterial m ovem ent, and custodial w ork ers, by s e x ____________ 7 A -7 . P ercen t in crea ses in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups_____________ 8 A - 8. Average pay relationships within establishm ents for w h ite-collar w ork ers________________ 9 A -9 . Average pay relationships within establishm ents for b lu e -co lla r w o rk e r s .... ......... .....- 10 Appendix A. Scope and m ethod o f survey Appendix B. O ccupational d escrip tion s .. 13 17 Introduction T h is a re a is 1 o f 72 in w hich the U.S. D epartm en t of L a b o r 's B u reau o f L a b o r S ta tistics con d u cts su rv e y s o f o ccu p a tion a l earn in gs and re la te d b e n e fits. (See lis t of a r e a s on in sid e b a ck c o v e r .) In each a r e a , ea rn in gs data fo r s e le c t e d o ccu p a tion s ( A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) a re c o lle c te d annually. In form a tion on e sta b lish m en t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age b en efits ( B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) is obtain ed e v e r y th ird y e a r . T h is r e p o r t has no B - s e r i e s ta b le s . m anufacturing and nonm anufacturing in d u str ie s . T h e occu p a tion s a re d efin ed in Appendix B. F o r the 31 la r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta bles A -1 0 th rough A -1 5 p ro v id e s im ila r data fo r esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . T ab le A -7 p rov id es p e r ce n t ch a n ges in a v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in gs o f o ffic e c le r ic a l w o r k e r s , e le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g w o r k e r s , in d u stria l n u r s e s , sk illed m aintenance tra d es w o r k e r s , and u n sk illed plant w o r k e r s . W here p o s s ib le , data a re p resen ted fo r a ll in d u stries and fo r m a n u fa c turing and nonm anufacturing se p a ra te ly . Data a r e not p re se n te d fo r sk illed m ain ten an ce w o rk e r s in nonm anufacturing b e c a u se the n um ber o f w o rk e r s em p loy ed in this occu pation al grou p in n onm an ufacturin g is to o s m a ll to w arra n t sep arate presen ta tion . T h is ta ble p r o v id e s a m e a s u re o f w age tren d s a fter elim in ation of changes in a v e r a g e ea rn in gs ca u se d by e m p lo y m ent sh ifts am ong estab lish m en ts as w e ll as tu rn o v e r o f esta b lish m en ts in clu ded in su rvey sa m p les. F o r fu rth er d e ta ils , see appendix A. E a ch y e a r a fte r a ll in dividu al a r e a w age su rv e y s have been c o m p le te d , tw o su m m a ry bu lletin s a r e is su e d . T h e fir s t b rin g s tog eth er data f o r each m e tro p o lita n a re a s u rv e y e d ; the se c o n d p r e se n ts national and r e g io n a l e s tim a te s , p r o je c te d fr o m in dividu al m e tro p o lita n a re a data, fo r a ll Standard M etrop olita n S ta tistic a l A r e a s in the U nited S ta tes, exclu din g A la sk a and H aw aii. A m a jo r c o n s id e r a tio n in the a r e a w age su r v e y p r o g r a m is the need to d e s c r ib e the le v e l and m ov em en t o f w ages in a v a r ie ty o f la b o r m a rk e ts, through the a n a ly s is o f (1) the le v e l and d is trib u tio n o f w ages b y occu p a tion , and (2) the m ov em en t o f w ages by o ccu p a tio n a l c a te g o r y and sk ill le v e l. The p r o g r a m d e v e lo p s in fo rm a tio n that m ay be u sed fo r m any p u r p o s e s , including w age and s a la r y a d m in istra tio n , c o lle c t iv e b a rg a in in g , and a s s is ta n c e in d eterm in in g plant lo c a tio n . S u rvey r e s u lts a ls o a r e u sed by the U.S. D e p a r t m ent o f L a b o r to m ake w age d eterm in a tion s u nder the S e r v ic e C on tra ct A ct o f 1965. T a b les A -8 and A -9 p ro v id e fo r the fir s t tim e m e a s u r e s o f a v e r a g e pay rela tion sh ip s w ithin esta b lish m en ts. T h e s e m e a s u r e s m a y d iffe r c o n s id e ra b ly fr o m the pay rela tion sh ip s o f o v e r a ll a v e r a g e s p u blish ed in ta bles A - l through A -6 . See appendix A fo r d e ta ils . A pp en dixes Appendix A d e s c r ib e s the m eth od s and co n c e p ts u sed in the a rea w age su rv e y p r o g r a m and p ro v id e s in fo rm a tio n on the s c o p e o f the su rv ey . A - s e r i e s ta b les or Appendix B p ro v id e s jo b d e s c r ip tio n s p resen ta tiv es to c la s s ify w o rk e r s by o ccu p a tion . T a b le s A - l th rough A - 6 p r o v id e estim a te s o f s tr a ig h t-tim e w eek ly h ou rly ea rn in g s fo r w o r k e r s in o ccu p a tio n s c o m m o n to a v a r ie ty o f 2 u sed by B u reau fie ld re E a r n in g s Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 Weekly earnings^™ (standard) O cc u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n of tken Average weekly houn* 11 0 Median 2 Middle range 2 t 4 0 .0 2 2 2 .5 0 4 0 . 0 2 3 9 .0 0 4 0 .0 2 1 2 .5 0 $ 2 1 0 .5 0 2 1 8 .5 0 2 0 4 .0 0 $ $ 1 8 0 .5 0 -2 5 0 .0 0 1 9 1 .0 0 -2 8 3 .5 0 1 8 0 .0 0 -2 3 8 .0 0 ’standard) N um ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t-t im e we ek ly e arn in g s o f— s s s s * S * S S t * s Mean2 150 160 170 180 190 200 13 0 140 15 0 160 170 180 190 2 1 6 3 3 10 5 5 14 3 11 13 3 10 - 1 1 6 4 3 2 3 “ 1 200 210 * 260 280 % 1 -------- S * 300 320 340 36 0 U 280 300 3 20 34 0 36 0 38 0 17 2 15 22 14 8 4 1 3 8 8 12 4 8 10 4 6 8 3 5 3 3 4 2 2 7 7 - 1 1 - 2 2 - - 2 2 2 2 1 “ - 3 3 1 1 1 ~ _ 1 1 8 3 5 2 2 _ 3 2 1 6 6 “ 1 1 “ - 1 5 1 4 1 1 - - - - - “ 3 3 - 2 5 5 * “ ” 2 8 1 - - - - - - - - 3 - - - - - - - - 3 _ 2 2 - 1 1 3 3 - 3 3 1 1 1 1 ” 3 1 2 6 _ 1 1 - * 3 3 4 4 3 3 1 7 2 .5 0 -2 5 5 .0 0 1 7 1 .5 0 -2 5 2 .5 0 S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS C MANUFACTURING -------------NONMANUFACTURINE ------ 48 25 23 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 4 6 .5 0 2 5 0 .5 0 2 4 1 .5 0 2 4 5 .5 0 2 4 8 .5 0 2 4 2 .0 0 1 9 9 .5 0 -2 7 8 .5 0 1 6 5 .0 0 -3 4 1 .0 0 2 0 5 .0 0 -2 6 8 .5 0 - - _ S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS 0 NONMANUFACTURING ------ 40 36 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 1 2 .5 0 2 1 1 .5 0 2 1 2 .0 0 2 0 8 .5 0 1 9 7 .0 0 -2 2 2 .5 0 1 9 1 .5 0 -2 2 5 .5 0 _ _ _ “ 5 8 1 - 2 6 2 1 1 7 7 11 7 2 S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS E ------------------------------ 33 1 8 5 .0 0 1 8 2 .0 0 1 7 2 .0 0 -2 0 1 .0 0 - 2 - - - 5 7 5 3 3 8 STENOGRAPHERS ----------------------------------------------------- 29 3 9 .0 1 9 9 .5 0 2 1 0 .5 0 1 7 1 .5 0 -2 3 4 .0 0 - - 2 2 1 2 3 3 - - 5 T Y P I S T S -------------------------------------------------------------------- 119 4 0 .0 1 4 9 .0 0 1 4 2 .5 0 1 2 7 .5 0 -1 7 2 .0 0 1 39 17 5 11 8 27 6 - 3 2 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS -------------------------------- 15 4 0 .0 1 2 9 .5 0 1 1 6 .0 0 1 1 6 .0 0 -1 4 1 .0 0 9 1 SUITCHBOARO O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S - 31 4 0 .0 1 5 6 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 -1 7 9 .5 0 2 2 11 0 62 48 4 0 .0 1 8 8 .5 0 4 0 .0 2 0 0 .5 0 4 0 . 0 1 7 3 .0 0 1 7 7 .0 0 2 1 0 .0 0 1 6 8 .0 0 ACCOUNTING CLE R KS . CLASS A MANUFACTURING ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURINE ---------------------- 43 22 21 4 0 . 0 2 1 4 .0 0 4 0 .0 2 3 2 .5 0 4 0 .0 1 9 5 .0 0 1 9 5 .0 0 1 9 7 .5 0 1 9 0 .0 0 1 6 6 .0 0 -2 2 9 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -3 4 7 .0 0 1 7 1 .0 0 -2 1 0 .0 0 1 1 - ACCOUNTING CL ERK S. CLASS B MANUFACTURING ----------------------------NONMANUFACTURINE ---------------------- 67 40 27 4 0 . 0 1 7 2 .5 0 4 0 .0 1 8 3 .0 0 4 0 . 0 1 5 6 .0 0 1 6 3 .5 0 2 1 0 .0 0 1 5 4 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -2 1 0 .0 0 1 4 7 .5 0 -2 1 5 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -1 6 5 .5 0 1 1 PAYROLL CLERKS — MANUFACTURING 25 21 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 5 0 .5 0 1 5 0 .5 0 1 4 4 .0 0 -2 3 5 .0 0 1 4 4 .0 0 -2 3 5 .0 0 - KEY ENTRY OPERATORS: MANUFACTURING -------- 38 0 260 1 1 1 9 2 .0 0 1 8 0 .5 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -2 1 0 .5 0 1 4 6 .5 0 -2 1 6 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -1 8 4 .0 0 * 240 _ 2 2 1 .5 0 2 1 5 .0 0 o « 240 230 1 4 0 .5 4 0 .0 1 7 9 .5 0 1 8 5 .0 0 230 220 2 29 18 ACCOUNTING CLERKS — MANUFACTURING -----NONMANUFACTURINE * * 220 210 3 1 2 - , class b NONMANUFACTURINE ------ s e c r eta r ie s 140 and O 160 60 10 0 13 0 and under 120 S EC R ET AR IE S ------------------MANUFACTURING -----NONMANUFACTURI NE 120 1 1 - 2 1 1 1 12 6 1 - 2 2 1 - - 7 6 1 7 4 3 8 5 3 13 3 10 12 5 7 9 i 6 1 5 5 2 3 2 2 2 2 “ 3 1 “ 4 3 1 5 1 4 5 2 3 2 - 2 5 4 1 5 2 3 5 4 i 13 3 10 8 2 6 6 1 - 23 23 3 1 - 9 9 2 2 - - - 1 1 - “ 2 a 3 3 5 i - i - 2 — 1 1 2 2 _ 4 - _ 27 24 3 2 2 1 1 “ 1 1 - - - - - 4 1 3 2 1 1 ” 1 1 * - 2 3 3 3 3 - 1 1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 - - " ' " _ - ~ 3 3 - 3 3 - 3 3 _ _ _ _ ” ” 3 - - 1 8 0 .5 0 1 6 9 .5 0 1 4 9 .5 0 -2 0 4 .0 0 - 2 2 2 4 1 4 1 - - 2 - - - 4 - - - - - - 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 7 4 .5 0 1 7 5 .0 0 1 7 8 .0 0 1 8 0 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 -1 8 0 .0 0 1 6 0 .0 0 -1 8 0 .0 0 - - - - 6 5 1 1 5 3 9 8 1 1 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - _ - KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS BI MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------ 18 1 8 2 .0 0 1 6 1 .0 0 1 4 5 .0 0 -2 1 0 .5 0 - 2 2 3 1 2 - - - 2 - - 4 - - - - - - * O 4 0 .0 23 19 o 22 KEY ENTRY OPERATORS, CLASS A -----NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- “ 2 S ee fo o tn o te s at end o f t a b le s . 3 Table A -2 . Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 N um ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s tr a ig h t-tim e w e e k ly earning s o f - (standard) Number Occupation a n d industry divis ion 42 COMPUTER OPERATORS ---------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------- 89 20 4 S Mean1 Median 3 Middle range 2 S * * t % * 4 ) 4 s 4 $ * 160 17 0 180 19 0 20 0 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 44 0 13 0 14 0 150 160 170 18 0 190 200 220 240 260 280 300 3 20 340 360 380 400 420 440 over 2 5 9 9 2 2 2 1 6 4 3 1 1 4 4 8 9 3 13 1 5 1 6 5 1 - - _ 1 1 1 - - 3 2 _ “ 11 2 _ 2 3 - - - 8 6 3 3 7 7 3 3 3 3 5 1 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 1 - 4 - 2 2 6 5 7 4 5 - 1 - 1 _ 1 _ _ - - - - - - “ “ 1 7 5 “ 5 4 5 8 8 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 - 1 - - 4 1 1 - 1 - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and under and 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 9 6 .5 0 2 3 0 .5 0 1 8 7 .0 0 2 3 6 .0 0 1 5 0 .0 0 -2 2 9 .5 0 1 6 2 .5 0 -2 7 2 .5 0 17 40 25 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 0 1 .5 0 1 8 9 .5 0 1 8 5 .0 0 1 8 4 .0 0 1 6 9 .0 0 -2 3 0 .5 0 1 6 9 .0 0 -1 9 8 .5 0 1 1 - _ 4 - - - 62 27 35 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 3 9 .5 0 1 9 9 .5 0 2 7 0 .5 0 2 3 5 .0 0 1 9 3 .5 0 2 7 9 .5 0 1 8 9 .5 0 -2 8 7 .0 0 1 5 1 .0 0 -2 1 9 .5 0 2 3 5 .0 0 -2 9 4 .5 0 2 3 2 3 3 - 2 2 2 DRAFTERS* CLASS A 19 2 8 6 .5 0 2 6 6 .0 0 2 5 5 .0 0 -3 2 6 .5 0 - - - - - - 1 1 1 - 4 3 - 2 DRAFTERS* CLASS B MANUFACTURING ------ 30 19 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 2 3 8 .5 0 2 1 7 .0 0 2 4 2 .0 0 1 9 5 .5 0 -2 8 1 .0 0 1 6 6 .0 0 -2 6 5 .5 0 _ - 2 2 2 2 2 2 - 1 1 1 1 4 3 - 2 8 4 2 5 5 o O $ $ 2 8 7 .5 0 -4 0 1 .0 0 2 0 0 .0 0 - 1 See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s . 4 4 150 $ 3 0 6 .5 0 DRAFTERS -------------------------MANUFACTURING -----NONMANUFACTURING 4 4 140 $ 3 4 1 .5 0 COHPUTER OPERATORS* CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------ s f 130 120 * O COHPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) « CLASS A --------------------------------------------------------- * O workers Average weekly hoots1 (standard) 4 2 2 1 - Table A - 3 . Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 Average (mean2) O ccu pation , OFFICE sex, Weekly hours (standard) and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n OCCUPA TIO NS - Weekly earnings1 (standard) WOMEN 159 60 S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS C -----------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURINE -------------------------------------- 4 0. 5 2 2 1 .5 0 4 0 . 0 2 1 5 .0 0 25 23 4 0 . 0 2 4 6 .5 0 4 0. 0 2 5 0 .5 0 4 0 . 0 2 4 1 .5 0 S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS 0 -----------------------------NONMANUFACTURI N E -------------------------------------- 40.0 40.0 S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS E ------------------------------ 4 0 . 0 1 85 .0 0 STENOGRAPHERS ----------------------------------------------------- 39 . 0 1 9 9 .5 0 T Y P I S T S --------------------------------------------------------------------- 40.0 2 1 2 .5 0 2 1 1 .5 0 s e x , 3 and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Weekly Weekly hours1 earnings1 [standard) (standard) OFFIC E OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED 1 2 9 .5 0 40.0 SWITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R - R E C E P T I O N I S T S - 4 0. 0 1 5 6 .0 0 s e x . 3 and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n ACCOUNTING CLERKS -----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 100 59 41 ACCOUNTING CLF RKS . c l a s s a -------------m a n u f a c t u r i n g --------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 40 21 19 40.0 211.00 4 0 . 0 2 2 7 . OD 4 0 . 0 1 9 4 .0 0 ACCOUNTING CL FRK S. CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------- 60 38 40.0 40.0 1 7 3 .0 0 1 8 5 .0 0 COMPUTER SYSTFMS ANALYSTS ( B U S I N E S S ) • CLASS A ----------------------------------- 21 COMPUTER OPERATORS ---------------------------------------- 69 4C. 0 1 93 .0 0 COMPUTER OPERATORS. CLASS R -----------NONMANUFACTURINE ------------------------------------- 29 21 4 0. C 2 03 .5 0 4 0 . 0 19 0.50 DRAFTERS ------------------------------------------------------------------ 51 40.0 2 51 .0 0 16 40.9 2 90 .5 0 26 40 . 0 29R.5 9 20 23R.00 orafters. PAYROLL CLERKS -------------------------------------------------- 22 19 4 3. 0 1 8 2 .0 0 4 0 . 0 1 8 6 .5 3 KEY ENTRY OPERATORS ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------- 92 22 70 4 0 . 0 1 5 7 .5 0 4 0 . 0 1 8 0 .5 0 4 0 . 0 1 5 0 .0 0 KEY ENTRY OPERATORS. CLASS A -------NONMANUFAC T U R I N G ---------------------------------- 23 19 4 0 .0 1 7 4 .5 0 4 0 . 0 1 7 5 .0 0 CLASS A ------------------------------------- $ 4 41 .5 0 PROFESSIONAL AND TFCHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S I N E S S ) S e e fo o tn o te s at end o f tables, Weekly Weekly earnings1 hours [standard) (standard) PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - men $ 4 0 . 0 1 8 8 .5 0 4 0 . 0 2 0 0 .0 0 4 0 . 0 1 7 2 .0 0 1 4 9 .0 0 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS --------------------------------- O ccupation, C S E C R E T A R I E S . CLASS B -----------------------------NONMANUF ACTURINE -------------------------------------- $ 4 0 . C 2 2 2 .5 0 4 0 . 0 2 3 9 .0 0 4 0 . 0 2 1 2 .0 0 O ccupation, Number of workers o SE CR ET AR IE S ------------------MANUFACTURING -----NONRANUF ACTURING Average (mean2) Average (mean2) Number of workers ------ Table A -4 . Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 Hourly ea mings O ccup ation and in d u stry d iv is io n Number of workers 4 N um ber o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t-t im e h ou rly ea rn in gs of— 4.2G Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range 2 $ 4.40 S 4.60 * % 4 4 s 4 s s 5 4 4 4 S S 5.20 4 5 . 60 s 5 . 00 4 5.40 4 4.80 5.80 6.00 6.20 6.40 6 . 60 6 . 80 7.00 7 . 20 7 . 60 8.00 8 . 40 8.80 9.20 4.60 4.80 5.00 5 . 20 5.4C 5.60 5 . 80 6.00 6.20 6.40 6.60 6 . 80 7.00 7.20 7 . 60 8 . 00 8 . 40 8 . 80 9 . 20 9.6010. 0010.40 - 4 4 1 1 3 3 - 24 14 2 30 - - - - - 1 18 1 1 14 14 - 35 - 57 - - - _ - 5 12 34 8 _ - 4 - - - - - - 4 i 9. 6010.00 and under 4.40 s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 98 88 7 . #0 7.47 MECHANICS <MACHINERY) m an u fa ctu r ing -------------------------------------------------------- 140 MAINTENANCE FLECTRICIANS m an u fa ctu r ing M AI NTENANCE MAINTENANCE MECHANICS ( M O T O R V E H I C L E S ) ----------------------------------------------------M ANUF ACT URI NG -------------------------------------------------------- 135 55 25 s <; $ 7 . 28 7 . 56 6.806.55- 7.56 7.56 - 1 t - 7 . 26 7 . 28 7 . 46 7 . 46 6.806.80- 7.46 7.46 _ 4 - 4 4 4 6.13 5.86 6 . 20 5 . 62 5.62- 6.37 1 - 5 .1 5 - 6.39 1 “ 2 2 - _ 4 4 5 5 3 3 _ _ _ 1 " 2 2 - - - 1 - 6 1 3 _ _ _ ~ 3 “ 4 4 _ 5 “ - - - _ - S ee fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le s . Table A -5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 Hourly earnings 4 O c c u p a t i o n an d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n of workers N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r ly e a r n i n g s o f---- * 2 .8 0 Mean 2 Median 2 Middle range 2 167 101 66 4 . 57 4. 53 5. 10 51 30 4.90 4.85 4. 45 5 . 10 RECEIVERS ----------------------------- 36 5.22 SHIPPERS 22 s s t 3.60 S 3 .8 0 4 4.00 4 4.20 s 4. 40 4 4 .6 0 s 4 .8 0 4 5 .0 0 4 s S S 5 . 2 0 5 . 40 5 .6 0 5 . 8 0 s s 6.00 6.20 S 4 S 6. 40 6 . 80 7 . 2 0 4 * 7 . 6 0 8 .0 0 3 . 20 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4.00 4.20 4.40 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5.00 5 .2 0 5 . 4 0 5 . 60 5 . 8 0 6 . 20 6 . 4 0 6 . 80 7 . 20 7 . 6 0 8.00 12 12 - 7 7 “ 12 3 9 - i i 16 16 “ 30 25 5 2 2 1 1 35 15 20 13 13 i i 16 * 3 3 - - 16 16 - and under 3. 00 < 4.69 4.54 4.93 s s S 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 5 .1 0 5 .0 0 5 .3 6 4 4 4 .3 3 4 .2 0 - 5 .1 0 5 .1 0 _ - _ - - 1 - 7 7 - - 6 . 05 4 .0 7 - 6.30 4 - - - 1 4 i 5 - 1 1 - 4.21 3. 75 3 .6 1 - 4.50 - - - 4 8 1 - - 4 - 1 80 52 4.95 5.79 4. 53 6. 22 2 .9 0 3 .6 7 - 6 .4 3 7 .7 8 24 - 2 - - 13 13 - - - - - “ “ * 4 4 “ ~ MATERIAL HANDLINE LABORERS MANUFACTURING ---------------------- 108 95 4.79 4.94 4. 33 4 . 33 3 .8 0 3 .9 5 - 5 .3 1 7.45 7 4 - - 9 8 24 24 3 3 24 24 4 - 5 5 1 0 FORKLIFT OPERATORS MANUFACTURING — 114 101 4.64 4.68 3. 99 3. 96 3 .5 5 3 .5 5 - 6.17 6.17 2 2 - 1 31 30 5 5 19 17 18 17 i i 5 1 - - - - 33 3. 5 8 3. 50 3 .4 5 - 3 .8 0 552 1 36 416 3. 28 3.59 3. 1 8 3. 20 3. 40 3. 20 3 .0 0 3 .4 0 2 .9 7 - 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .2 0 9 4 5 i 1 4 3 1 - - 2 2 1 1 7 7 TRUCKORIVERS -------------MANUFACTURING ----NONMANUF ACTURI MG TRUCKORIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK NONMANUFACTURINE ------------------- AND RECEIVFRS WAREHOUSEMEN ------MANUFACTURING JANITORS* PORTFRS. ANO CLEANFRG --------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------------------- m anufacturing 3 .7 5 3 .5 0 4 .4 8 - 121 12 109 1J 10 - 2 2 5 10 5 9 2 50 239 4 235 87 75 12 7 15 15 9 9 11 39 5 2 S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e s . 6 3 3 - 6 .00 2 6 6 2 1 1 - - - 1 4 - - - - 4 4 3 3 1 4 - - - - 3 3 _ 4 - _ - - - ~ “ - - - - 4 8 2 5 - - - 1 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - 3 3 - 2 2 10 8 2 4 4 _ 15 15 - " 27 27 - 8 .4 0 - 18 18 * ~ - - - - _ _ 9 9 3 3 Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 O ccu pation , s e x , 3 and in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n Number of Average (mean1 ) Number O ccu pation , sex, and i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n earnings4 MAINTENANCE. TOOLROOM. P O W E R P L A N T OCI AND HA I N T E NA N CE E L E C MAN UF A C T U R I N G S 98 88 7 . UO 7. t i l HA I N T E NA N CE MECH MAN UF A C T U R I N G 40 35 7.26 7.28 HA I N T E NA N CE MECH ( MOT O R V E H I C L E S MAN UF A C T U R I N G 55 25 6.03 5. 86 -------------------------------- 22 4.21 W A R E H O U S E M E N ---------------------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------------- 72 52 4.99 5.79 la r o r e r s --------------------------------------------------------------------- 92 82 4.69 4.80 F O R K L I F T O P E R A T O R S --------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------------- 114 101 4 . 6U 4.68 R ------------------------------------------------------ 33 3.58 JA N ITO R S . PORTFRS. and c l e a n e p s M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------------------------------------- 432 123 309 3 .3 1 3. 59 3. 19 SHIPPERS AND T R U C K D R I V E R S . MEDIUM TRU CK N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --------------------------RECEIVERS S e e f o o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b l e s . RECEIVERS h a n d l in g MANUFACTURING GUARDS. T R U C K D R I V E R S ------------------------------------------------M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N 6 --------------------------- 164 101 CLASS 4.65 4.54 63 4.78 4.62 wo risen Average (mean2 ) hourly earnings4 M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MFN— C O N T I N U E D m a t e r ia l M A T E R I A L M O V E M E N T AND C U S T O D I A L O C C U P A T I O N S - MEN of M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT OCCUPATIONS JANITORS. PORTERS. AND C U S T O D I A L - WOMEN AND CLEANERS -------- Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings for selected occupational groups, Huntsville, Ala., for selected periods In du stry and o c c u p a tio n a l gro u p 5 F e b r u a r y 1972 F e b r u a r y 1973 F e b ru a r y 1974 F e b ru a r y 1975 F e b ru a r y 1976 F e b r u a r y 1977 F e b r u a r y 1978 to to to to to to to F e b r u a r y 1973 F e b ru a r y 1974 F e b ru a r y 1975 F e b ru a r y 1976 F e b ru a r y 1977 F e b r u a r y 1978 F e b r u a r y 1979 A ll in d u s tr ie s : O ffic e c l e r i c a l ________________________________ E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g In du strial n u rse s _____________________________ S k ille d m ain ten an ce t r a d e s _________________ U n sk illed plant w o r k e r s _____________________ 3.6 (6) (6) 4.8 3.8 7.4 (6) (6) 8.5 6.7 6.9 (‘ ) ( 6) 8.0 12.1 7.6 (6) (6) 6.3 8.1 7.7 (6) (6) 8.9 2.8 (‘ ) (6 ) (6) 10.3 (6 ) (6) (6) (‘ ) 8.9 M anufacturin g: O ffic e c l e r i c a l ________________________________ E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s i n g __________________ Industrial n u rses _____________________________ S k ille d m ain ten an ce tra d e s U n sk ille d plant w o r k e r s _____________________ (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) (6) (6 ) (6 ) () (6) (6) (6) (6) 9.5 (6) (6) (6) (6) 7.9 ( 6) (6) (6 ) (6 ) 4.2 (6) (6) (6) ( 6) 11.3 (6 ) (6 ) (6) (6) 9.6 S e e fo o t n o t e s (6 ) (6) (6 ) at end o f ta b le s . 8 8.1 Table A -8 . Average pay relationships within establishments for white-collar occupations, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 O ffic e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a tio n be in g c o m p a r e d — Secretaries O cc u p a tio n w h ich e q u a ls 100 Switchboard operators Class C Clan D Class E 100 115 (6 ) (6 1 124 100 118 (6 1 (6 ) 100 116 (6 1 100 (6 1 100 151 11 8 139 (6 ) 122 138 103 11 8 (6 1 118 (6 1 106 (6 1 (6 1 115 (6 1 93 (6 1 (6 1 (6 1 (6* (6 1 108 (6 1 (6 1 Class B S E C R E T A R I E S , CLASS 8 ......................... S E C R E T A R I E S , CLASS C............................ S E C R E T A R I E S , CLASS 0 ......................... S E C R E T A R I E S , CLASS E........................... SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS...................... SWITCHBOARD OPERATORR E C E P T I O N I S T S ........................................ ACCOUNTING C L E R K S , CLASS A . . . . ACCOUNTING C L E R K S , CLASS 8 . . . . PAYROLL CLER KS ........................................ KEY ENTRY OPERATORS, CLASS A . . Accounting clerks Switchboard operator— receptionists 100 79 97 97 (6 1 Payroll desks Class A ClanB 100 120 97 98 100 97 85 Key entty operates, Clan A 100 (*i too P r o f e s s io n a l and t e c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n be in g c o m p a r e d — Drafters Computer programmers (business), Class A Computer operators, Class B Class A COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS ( B U S I N E S S ) , CLASS A......................... COMPUTER OPERATORS, CLASS 8 . . . D R A FT ER S, CLASS A ................................ O R A FT E R S , CLASS 8 . . . . . ................... 100 (6 ) 16 7 (6 ) 100 (6 ) 98 S ee fo o tn o te at end o f ta b le s . 9 100 121 Claw B 100 Table A-9. Average pay relationships within establishments for blue-collar occupations, Huntsville, Ala., February 1979 M a in te n a n ce , t o o lr o o m , and po w e rp la n t o cc u p a tio n being c o m p a r e d — Mechanics Occupation w h i c h equals 100 Electrician s Machinery MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (M A C H IN E R Y !. .. . . . . . . . . . . MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MOTOR VEH IC LE S !............... . Motor vehicles 100 100 100 (6! 99 100 M a te r ia l m o v e m e n t and c u s t o d ia l o ccu p a tio n being c o m p a r e d — TRUCK0RIVERS* MEDIUM T R U C K . . . . RECEIVERS................................................. SHIPPERS AND RECEIVERS.................. WAREHOUSE R E N . . . .................................. m aterial handling laborers. . . . FORKLIFT O P E R A T O R S .. .. .................. GUARDS* CLASS B................................... JANITORS* PORTERS* AND C L E A N E R S . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... Forklift operators 100 107 (6 ! (61 100 95 (61 <6» 100 119 99 114 103 Receivers Shippers and receivers W arehousemen 100 (6 ) (6) 100 105 102 (61 100 (6 ) 11A (6 ) 104 (6 ) 100 (6 ) (6) (6) (6 ) (61 119 124 S ee fo o tn o te at end o f t a b le s . Material handling laborers Truckdriven, medium truck 10 Guards, class B Janitors, porters, and cleaners 100 1 00 Footnotes 3 E arn in gs data rela te on ly to w o rk e r s w hose sex id en tifica tion was p ro v id e d by the esta b lish m en t. 4 E x clu d es p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e rtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s , and late sh ifts. 5 E stim a tes fo r p e r io d s ending p r io r to 1976 rela te to m en o.nly fo r s k ille d m ain ten an ce and u n sk illed plant w o r k e r s . A ll oth er estim a tes relate to m en and w om en . 6 Data do not m eet p u b lica tion c r it e r ia o r data not av ailable. 1 Standard h ou rs r e fle c t the w ork w eek fo r w hich e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e th e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t -tim e s a la r ie s (e x clu siv e o f pay fo r o v e r tim e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a te s ), and the earn ings c o r r e s p o n d to th ese w eek ly h ou rs. 2 The m ea n is com p u ted fo r each jo b b y totaling the ea rn in gs o f all w o r k e r s and d iv idin g by the n um ber o f w o r k e r s . The m ed ian d esign ates p o s itio n — h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e iv e the sam e o r m o r e and h a lf r e c e iv e the sa m e o r le s s than the rate shown. The m iddle range is d efin ed by two ra te s o f pay: a fou rth o f the w o rk e r s earn the sam e o r le s s than the lo w e r o f th e se ra tes and a fou rth ea rn the sam e o r m o r e than the h ig h er rate. 11 A p p e n d ix A . S cop e and Method of Survey In each of the 72 1 areas currently surveyed, the Bureau obtains wages and related benefits data from representative establishments within six broad industry divisions; Manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public u tilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and se r v ic e s. Government operations and the construction and extractive industries are excluded. Establishments having fewer than a prescribed number of w orkers are also excluded because of insufficient employment in the occupations studied. Appendix table 1 shows the number of establishm ents and workers estimated to Ve within the scope of this survey, as w ell as the number actually studied. Bureau field representatives obtain data by personal visits at 3 - year intervals. In each of the two intervening years, information on employment and occupational earnings only is collected by a combination of personal visit, m a il questionnaire, and telephone interview from establishments participating in the previous survey. A sam ple of the establishments in the scope of the survey is selected for study prior to each personal visit survey. This sample, less estab lishm ents which go out of business or are no longer within the industrial scope of the survey, is retained for the following two annual surveys. In m o st c a se s, establishm ents new to the area are not considered in the scope of the survey until the selection of a sample for a personal visit survey. The sampling procedures involve detailed stratification of all estab lishm ents within the scope of an individual area survey by industry and number of em ployees. F rom this stratified universe a probability sample is selected, with each establishment having a predetermined chance of se lection. To obtain optimum accuracy at minimum cost, a greater proportion of large than sm all establishments is selected. When data are combined, each establishm ent is weighted according to its probability of selection so that unbiased estim ates are generated. For example, if one out of four establishm ents is selected, it is given a weight of 4 to represent itself plus three oth ers. An alternate of the same original probability is chosen in the sam e in d u stry-size classification if data are not available from the original sam ple m e m b er. If no suitable substitute is available, additional weight is assigned to a sam ple m em ber that is sim ilar to the m issing unit. Occupations and earnings Occupations selected for study are common to a variety of manufac turing and nonmanufacturing industries, and are of the following types; (1) O ffice c lerica l; (2) professional and technical; (3) maintenance, toolroom, and p ow erp la n t; and (4) m a te r ia l m o v em en t and cu stod ia l. O ccupational c la s s ific a t io n is b a se d on a u n iform se t o f jo b d e s cr ip tio n s design ed to take accou n t o f in te re sta b lish m e n t v a ria tion in du ties within the sam e jo b . O ccu p a tion s s e le c te d fo r study are lis te d and d e s c r ib e d in appendix B. U n less o th e r w is e in d ica ted , the earn in g s data follow in g the job title s are fo r all in d u stries co m b in e d . E a rn in gs data fo r som e o f the o c cu p a tio n s lis te d and d e s c r ib e d , o r fo r som e in du stry d iv ision s within the s c o p e o f the s u rv e y , are not p r e se n te d in the A - s e r i e s tables becau se e ith e r (1) em p loy m en t in the occu p a tio n is too sm a ll to p rov id e enough data to m e r it p re se n ta tio n , o r (2) th e re is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f individual esta b lish m en t data. Separate m e n 's and w o m e n 's earn ings data are not p r e se n te d when the num ber o f w o r k e r s not iden tified by sex is 20 p ercen t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w om en id en tified in an occu p a tion . E arnings data not show n s e p a r a te ly fo r in du stry d iv is io n s are included in data fo r all in d u stries c o m b in e d . L ik e w is e , fo r occu p a tio n s with m o r e than one le v e l, data a re in clu ded in the o v e r a ll c la s s ific a t io n w hen a s u b c la ss ific a tio n is not show n o r in fo rm a tio n to s u b c la s s ify is not a v a ila b le. O ccu p a tion a l em p loy m en t and ea rn in gs data are shown fo r fu ll-tim e w o r k e r s , i .e ., th ose h ire d to w o rk a r e g u la r w eek ly sch ed u le. Earnings data e x clu d e p r e m iu m pay fo r o v e r t im e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olida ys, and la te sh ifts . N on p rod u ction b on u ses are ex clu d ed , but c o s t -o f-liv in g a llow a n ces and in cen tiv e b on u ses are in clu d ed . W eek ly hours fo r o ffic e c le r i c a l and p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l occu p a tio n s r e fe r to the standard w o rk w e e k (rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h a lf h ou r) fo r w hich em p loy ees r e c e iv e r e g u la r s t r a ig h t-tim e s a la r ie s (e x c lu s iv e o f pay fo r o v e rtim e at regu la r a n d /o r p re m iu m r a te s ). A v e ra g e w e e k ly ea rn in g s fo r th ese occu p ation s are rou n ded to the n e a r e s t h alf d o lla r . V e r tic a l lin e s w ithin the distribu tion of w o r k e r s on so m e A -t a b le s in d ica te a change in the s iz e o f the c la s s in te rv a ls. T h e se s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the le v e l o f o ccu p a tio n a l earnings in an a rea at a p a r tic u la r tim e . C o m p a r is o n s o f in dividu al occu p a tion a l av erag es o v e r tim e m a y not r e f le c t ex p e cte d w age ch a n g e s. The a v era g es fo r individual jo b s a re a ffe c te d by ch a n g es in w ag es and em p loy m en t p a ttern s. F o r exam ple, p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s em p loy ed b y h igh - o r lo w -w a g e fir m s m a y change, o r h ig h -w a g e w o r k e r s m a y advance to b e tte r jo b s and be re p la ce d by new w o r k e r s at lo w e r r a te s . Such sh ifts in em p loy m en t cou ld d e c r e a s e an o c c u pation al a v era g e ev en though m o s t e sta b lish m en ts in an a rea in cr e a s e w ages du rin g the y e a r . C h an ges in ea rn in g s o f occu p a tio n a l g rou p s, shown in table A - 7, a re b e tte r in d ic a to rs o f w age tren d s than are earn ings changes fo r in dividu al jo b s w ith in the g ro u p s . A v e ra g e ea rn in g s r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , area w id e e stim a te s . Industries pay le v e l and jo b staffin g , and thus con tribu te fo r each jo b . P a y a v e ra g e s m a y fa il to r e fle c t a c c u r a te ly the w ag e d iffe r e n tia l am ong jo b s in individual esta b lish m en ts. 1 Included in the 72 areas are 2 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are and e sta b lis h m e n ts d iffe r in Akron, O hio and P oughkeepsie-K ingston-N ew burgh, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts m ore lim ite d area d iffe r e n t ly to the e s tim a te s studies in approxim ately 100 areas at the request o f the Em ploym ent Standards Adm inistration o f the U. S. D epartm ent o f Labor. A v e ra g e pay le v e ls fo r m en and w om en in s e le c te d occu p a tion s should not be assu m ed to r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay o f the se x e s w ithin in dividual esta b lish m en ts. F a c to r s w hich m ay con trib u te to d iffe r e n c e s in clude p r o g r e s s io n w ithin e sta b lis h e d rate ran ges (on ly the ra tes paid incum bents a re c o lle c te d ) and p e r fo r m a n c e of s p e c ific duties w ithin the g en era l su rv e y job d e s cr ip tio n s . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed to c la s s ify em p lo y e e s in th ese su rv ey s u su ally a re m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u sed in in dividual estab lish m en ts and allow fo r m in o r d iffe r e n c e s am ong estab lish m en ts in s p e c ific duties p e rfo rm e d . O ccu p ation a l em p loym en t estim a tes re p re s e n t the total in a ll e s t a b lish m en ts w ithin the sc o p e of the study and not the num ber actu ally su rvey ed . B eca u se occu p a tion a l s tru ctu re s am ong estab lish m en ts d iffe r , estim a tes of o ccu p a tion a l em p loym en t obtained fr o m the sam ple of esta b lish m en ts studied s e r v e only to in d icate the r e la tiv e im p orta n ce o f the jo b s studied. T h ese d iffe r e n c e s in o ccu p a tion a l stru ctu re do not a ffe c t m a te r ia lly the a c c u r a c y o f the earn ings data. P e r ce n t changes fo r in dividu al a r e a s in the p r o g r a m a r e com p u ted as fo llo w s : 1. A v era g e earnings a re com pu ted f o r e a ch o ccu p a tion fo r the 2 y ea rs being co m p a re d . T he a v e r a g e s a r e d e r iv e d fr o m earnings in th ose esta b lish m en ts w h ich a r e in the su rv ey both y e a r s ; it is a s su m e d that em p loym en t rem ains unchanged. 2. Each occu pation is a s sig n e d a w eigh t ba sed on its p r o portion ate em ploym ent in the o ccu p a tion a l grou p in the ba se y ea r. 3. T h ese freights a re u sed to com p u te grou p a v e r a g e s . Each occu p a tion 's a v era g e ea rn in g s (com p u ted in step 1) is m u ltip lied by its w eight. T h e p rod u cts a r e tota led to obtain a group a v era g e. 4. The ratio of group a v e r a g e s fo r 2 c o n s e cu tiv e y e a r s is com pu ted by dividing the a v e r a g e fo r the cu r re n t y e a r by the a v era g e fo r the e a r lie r y e a r . The r e s u lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p ercen t— le s s 100 is the p e r c e n t change. W age tren ds fo r s e le c t e d occu p a tion a l groups The p e r ce n t in c r e a s e s p re se n te d in ta ble A -7 a r e ba sed on changes in av era g e h ou rly earn in gs o f m en and w om en in estab lish m en ts re p ortin g the tren d job s in both the c u rre n t and p rev iou s y ea r (m a tch ed esta b lish m en ts). The data a r e ad ju sted to re m o v e the e ffe cts on a v era g e earn in gs o f e m p lo y m ent shifts am ong esta b lish m en ts and t u r n o v e r . of esta b lish m en ts in cluded in su rv ey sa m p les. The p e r ce n t in c r e a s e s , h ow ev er, a r e s till a ffe c te d by fa c to r s oth er than w age in c r e a s e s . H irin g s, la y o ffs , and tu rn o v e r m ay a ffe c t an estab lish m en t a v e ra g e fo r an occu p a tion when w o rk e r s a re paid under plans providin g a range o f w age ra tes fo r individu al jo b s . In p e r io d s o f in c r e a s e d h irin g , fo r e x a m p le, new e m p lo y e e s m ay en ter at the b ottom o f the ran ge, d ep ressin g the a v e r a g e w ithout a change in w age rates. The p e r ce n t changes r e la te to w age changes betw een the in d icated dates. When the tim e span b etw een su rv ey s is oth er than 12 m on th s, annual rates a re a ls o shown. (it is a s su m e d that w ages in c r e a s e at a constan t rate betw een s u r v e y s .) O ccupations u sed to com pu te w age tren d s a r e : O ffice c le r i c a l E le c tr o n ic data p r o c e s s in g — Continued S e c r e ta r ie s S te n o g ra p h e rs , s e n io r S te n o g ra p h e rs , g e n e ra l T y p is ts , c la s s e s A and B F ile c le r k s , c la s s e s A , B , and C M e s s e n g e rs S w itch boa rd o p e r a to rs O rd er c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B A ccou n tin g c le r k s , c la s s e s A and B P a y r o ll c le r k s K ey en try o p e r a t o r s , c la s s e s A and B C om pu ter o p e r a to r s , c la s s e s A , B, and C E le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g C om pu ter sy ste m s analysts, c la s s e s A , B , and C C om pu ter p r o g r a m m e r s , c la s s e s A , B , and C In du strial n u rses R e g is te r e d in du stria l n u rses S k illed m aintenance C a rp en ters E le c tr ic ia n s P a in ters M a ch in ists M ech a n ics (m a ch in ery ) M ech a n ics (m o t o r v e h ic le ) P ip e fitte r s T o o l and die m a k ers U n skilled plant J a n itors, p o r t e r s , and c le a n e r s M a teria l handling la b o r e r s F o r a m o r e d etailed d e s c r ip tio n o f the m eth od u sed to com p u te th ese w age tr e n d s, s e e "Im p rov in g A r e a W age S u rv ey I n d e x e s ," M onthly L a b or R ev iew , January 1973, pp. 52-57. A v e ra g e pay relation sh ips within esta b lish m en ts R ela tive m e a su re s o f occu p a tion a l pay a r e p r e se n te d in ta ble A - 8 fo r w h ite -c o lla r occu pation s and in ta ble A - 9 fo r b l u e -c o lla r occu p a tio n s. T h e se rela tiv e valu es r e fle c t d iffe r e n c e s in pay b etw een occu p a tion s w ithin in dividu al estab lish m en ts. R ela tive pay valu es a r e com p u ted by dividing an e sta b lish m e n t's a v era g e earnings fo r an o ccu p a tio n being c o m p a r e d by the a v era g e fo r another occu pation (d esign ated as 100) and m u ltip ly in g the quotient by 100. F o r exam ple, if ja n itors in a fir m a v e r a g e $4 an hour and fo r k lift o p e r a to rs $ 5 , fo r k lift o p e ra to rs have a r e la tiv e pay valu e of 125 c o m p a re d with ja n ito r s . ($ 5 -r $4 = 1.25, x 100 = 125.) In com b in in g the r e la tiv e s of the in dividual estab lish m en ts to a r r iv e at an o v e r a ll a v e r a g e , each e s t a b lis h m ent is c o n s id e r e d to have as m any r e la tiv e s as it has w eigh ted w o r k e r s in the tw o job s being com p a red . P ay relation sh ips b a sed on o v e r a ll a v e r a g e s m a y d iffe r c o n s id e r a b ly b e ca u se of the v aryin g con trib u tion o f h ig h - and lo w -w a g e esta b lish m en ts to the a v e r a g e s . F o r ex am p le, the o v e r a ll a v e r a g e h o u rly earn in g s fo r fo r k lift o p e r a to rs m ay be 50 p ercen t m o r e than the a v e r a g e fo r ja n ito r s b e c a u se the a v era g e fo r fo rk lift o p e ra to rs m ay be s tro n g ly in flu en ced by earn in g s in h igh -w a g e estab lish m en ts w hile the a v e r a g e fo r ja n ito r s m a y be s tro n g ly in flu en ced by earn ings in lo w -w a g e e sta b lis h m e n ts. In su ch a c a s e , the in tra -e s ta b lis h m e n t relation sh ip w ill in d ica te a m u ch s m a lle r d iffe r e n c e in earn in g s. E sta blish m en t p r a c tic e s and su p p lem en tary w age p r o v is io n s Tabulations on s e le cte d esta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and su p p lem en ta ry w age p r o v isio n s ( B -s e r ie s ta b le s ) a r e not p r e s e n te d in this b u lletin . In fo r m a tion fo r th ese tabulations is c o lle c te d at 3 -y e a r in te r v a ls . T h e s e tabu lation s on m in im u m entrance s a la rie s fo r in e x p e r ie n c e d o ffic e w o r k e r s ; sh ift d i f f e r en tia ls; sch edu led w eek ly hours and d a ys; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and health, in su ra n ce, and pen sion plans a r e p r e s e n te d (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) in p r e v io u s bulletins fo r this a rea . Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied, Huntsville, Ala.,1 February 1979 In d u s try d iv is io n 2 ALL INDUSTRY M in im u m em p lo y m e n t in e s t a b lis h m en ts in s c o p e o f study W ithin s c o p e o f study * Studied Studied N um ber P ercent 142 66 37,742 100 23,825 56 86 22 44 24 , 4 6 8 13 , 2 7 4 65 35 15,436 8,389 50 50 50 50 50 3 2 42 8 31 3 2 16 6 17 817 236 4, 62 1 1, 12 7 6,473 2 1 12 3 17 817 236 2,386 970 3, 9 8 0 1 The H u n tsville Standard M e tro p o lita n S ta tis tica l A r e a , as d efin ed b y the O ffic e o f M an agem en t and B u dget through F e b ru a r y 1974, c o n s is t s o f L im e s to n e , M a d is o n , and M a r s h a ll C o u n tie s. The " w o r k e r s within s c o p e o f stu d y" e s tim a te s p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip tio n o f the s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in the s u r v e y . E stim a te s are n ot intended, h o w e v e r , fo r c o m p a r is o n w ith o th e r s t a t is t ic a l s e r ie s to m e a s u r e em p lo ym e n t tren d s o r le y e ls s in c e (1) planning o f w age s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in adva n ce o f the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu died, and (2 ) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts are e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 The 1972 e d itio n o f the Standard In d u stria l C la s s ific a t io n M anual w as u sed in c la s s if y in g e s ta b lis h m e n ts by in d u stry d iv is io n . A ll go v e rn m e n t o p e ra tio n s are e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f the su rv e y . 3 In clu d e s a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total e m p loym en t at o r above the m in im u m lim it a t io n . A ll o u tle ts (w ithin the a r e a ) o f co m p a n ie s in in d u s tr ie s su ch as tr a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v i c e , and m o tio n p ic tu re th eaters a r e c o n s id e r e d as one e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k e r s in esta b lish m en ts W ithin s c o p e o f study 4 50 D I V I S I O N S ----------------------- N A N U F AC T U R 1 N G ---------------------------------------N O N H A N U F A C T U R I N G -----------------------------------T R A N S P O R T A T I O N , C O M M U N I C A T I O N , AND O T H E R P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S 5 ----------------------W H O L E S A L E T R A D E 6 -------------------------------------------------------R E T A I L T R A D E 6 --------------------------------------------------------------F I N A N C E , I N S U R A N C E , AND RE AL E S T A T E 6 -------------S E R V I C E S 6 7 --------------------------------------------------------------------- N u m ber o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts 4 In clu d es a ll w o r k e r s in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith total em p lo y m e n t (within the a r e a ) at o r above the m in im u m lim ita tio n . 5 A b b r e v ia te d to " p u b lic u t ilit ie s " in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s . T a x ic a b ? and s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w ater tr a n s p o r ta tio n a re e x c lu d e d . H u n ts v ille 's e l e c t r i c and gas u tilitie s a re m u n ic ip a lly o p e r a te d and a re e x c lu d e d by defin ition fr o m the s c o p e o f the study. 6 S e p a ra te data fo r this d iv is io n a re not p r e s e n te d in the A - and B r s e r ie s ta b le s , but the d iv isio n is r e p r e s e n t e d in the " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n on m a n u fa ctu rin g " e s tim ate s . 7 H otels and m o t e ls ; la u n d rie s and o th er p e r s o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; au to m o b ile r e p a ir , re n ta l, and p ark in g; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a tio n s (e x clu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a r ita b le o r g a n iz a tio n s ); and en g in eerin g and a r c h ite c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 15 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r im a r y p u rp o s e o f p rep a rin g jo b d e s cr ip tio n s fo r the B u r e a u 's w age su r v e y s is to a s s is t its fie ld r e p re s e n ta tiv e s in cla s s ify in g into a p p ro p ria te o c cu p a tio n s w o rk e r s who are e m p loy ed under a v a rie ty o f p a y r o ll title s and d iffe r e n t w ork a rran gem en ts fr o m esta b lish m en t to esta b lis h m e n t and fr o m a r e a to a rea . T h is p erm its grou pin g occu p a tion a l w age r a te s r e p r e s e n tin g c o m p a ra b le jo b content. B e ca u se o f th is e m p h a sis on in te r e s ta b lis h m e n t and in te r a r e a com p a ra b ility o f o ccu p a tion a l con ten t, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s cr ip tio n s m ay d iffe r sig n ifica n tly fr o m th ose in use in in d iv id u a l e sta b lish m en ts o r th ose p re p a re d fo r oth er p u rp o s e s . In applying th e s e jo b d e s c r ip tio n s , the B u rea u 's fie ld re p re s e n ta tiv e s a r e in s tru cte d to e x clu d e w ork in g s u p e r v is o r s ; a p p re n tice s ; and p a rtt im e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . H andicapped w o rk e r s w hose ea rn in g s a re r e d u c e d b e c a u s e o f th eir handicap a re a lso ex clu d ed . L e a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , and tr a in e e s , u nless s p e c ific a lly in clu d ed in the jo b d e s c r ip t io n s , are e x clu d e d . Office SE CRE TARY SE C R E T ARY— Continued A s s ig n e d as a p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n orm a lly to one in dividu al. M ain tain s a c lo s e and h igh ly r e s p o n s iv e rela tion sh ip to the d a y -to -d a y a c tiv itie s o f the s u p e r v is o r . W ork s fa ir ly independently r e ce iv in g a m in im u m o f detailed s u p e r v is io n and g u id a n ce. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d c le r ic a l and s e c r e t a r ia l duties r e q u irin g a k n ow led ge o f o ffic e routine and under stein ding o f the o r g a n iz a tio n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e la te d to the w ork o f the s u p e r v is o r . E x clu s io n s — Continued E x c lu s io n s . Not all p o s itio n s that are title d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above c h a r a c t e r is t ic s . E x am p les o f p osition s w hich a re e x clu d ed fr o m the d efin ition a re as fo llo w s : a. P o s itio n s w h ich do not m eet the "p e r s o n a l" s e c r e t a r y con cept d e s c r ib e d a b o v e ; b. S te n o g ra p h e rs not fu lly tra in ed in s e c r e ta r ia l-ty p e du ties; c. S te n o g ra p h e rs se r v in g as o ffic e assista n ts to a grou p fe s s io n a l, t e c h n ic a l, o r m a n a g eria l p e r s o n s ; d. A s s is t a n t-typ e p o s itio n s w hich entail m o r e d ifficu lt o r m o r e r e s p o n s ib le t e c h n ic a l, a d m in istra tiv e, o r s u p e r v is o r y duties w h ich a re not t y p ic a l o f s e c r e t a r ia l w o rk , e .g ., A d m in istra tiv e A s s is ta n t , o r E x ecu tiv e A ssista n t: of p ro 17 e. P o s itio n s w h ich do not fit any o f the situations lis te d in the s e c tio n s b e lo w title d " L e v e l o f S u p e r v is o r , " e . g , s e c r e ta r y to the p r e sid e n t o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, ov e r 5 ,0 0 0 p e r so n s; f. T r a in e e s . C la s s ific a tio n by L e v e l S e c r e ta r y jo b s w h ich m eet the r e q u ir e d c h a r a c t e r is tic s are m atched at one o f fiv e le v e ls a c c o rd in g to (a) the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's su p e r v iso r w ithin the co m p a n y 's org a n iz a tion a l stru ctu re and, (b) the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ility . The tabu lation follow in g the explanations o f th ese tw o fa c to r s in d ica tes the le v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y fo r each com bination o f the fa c t o r s . L e v e l o f S e c r e t a r y 's S u p e rv iso r (LS) LS—1 a. S e c r e ta r y to the s u p e r v is o r o r head o f a sm a ll orga n ization a l unit (e .g ., few er than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ); or S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u ed S E C R E T A R Y — C on tin u ed C la s s ific a tio n b y L e v e l— Continued C la s s ific a tio n by L e v e l— Continued LS—2 b. S e c r e ta r y to a n o n s u p e r v is o r y sta ff s p e c ia lis t , p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e , a d m in istra tiv e o ffic e r or a s sista n t, sk ille d tech n icia n o r e x p e rt. (NOTE: Many com p a n ies a s s i g n s te n o g r a p h e rs , ra th er than s e c r e t a r ie s as d e s c r ib e d a b ov e, to th is le v e l o f s u p e r v is o r y o r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r .) a. S e c r e ta r y to an e x ecu tiv e o r m a n a g e ria l p e r s o n w h ose r e s p o n s ib ility is not equivalent to one o f the s p e c ifi c le v e l situ ations in the d efin ition fo r LS—3, but w h ose o rg a n iz a tio n a l unit n o rm a lly n u m bers at lea st s e v e r a l dozen e m p lo y e e s and is u su ally divided into org a n iz a tion a l seg m en ts w hich are often , in tu rn, fu rther su bd ivided. In som e c o m p a n ie s , this le v e l in clu d es a w ide range o f org a n iz a tio n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o th e r s , on ly one o r tw o; or b. LS—3 S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in dividu al plant, fa c t o r y , e t c ., (or oth er equ ivalent le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, few er than 5, 000 p e r s o n s . N O TE: The te r m "c o r p o r a te o f f i c e r " u sed in the above LS defin ition r e fe r s to th ose o ffic ia ls who have a sig n ifica n t c o rp o r a te w id e p olicy m a k in g r o le with re g a rd to m a jo r com pany a c tiv it ie s . The title " v ic e p r e s id e n t ," though n orm a lly in d icative o f this r o l e , d oes not in a ll c a s e s id en tify such p o s itio n s . V ice p resid en ts w hose p r im a r y r e s p o n s ib ility is to act p e r so n a lly on in dividu al c a s e s o r tra n sa ction s (e .g ., a p p rov e o r deny in dividu al loan o r c re d it a ction s; ad m in ister in dividu al tr u st a cco u n ts ; d ir e c tly s u p e r v is e a c le r i c a l staff) are not c o n s id e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " fo r p u rp oses o f applying the defin ition. L e v e l o f S e c r e ta r y 's R e s p o n sib ility (L R ) This fa c to r evaluates the the s e c r e ta r y and the s u p e r v is o r , e x p ected to e x e r c is e in itiative and at LR—1 o r LR—2 d e s c r ib e d below LR—1. P e r fo r m s v a r ie d s e c r e t a r ia l duties in clu din g or co m p a ra b le to m ost o f the follow in g: a. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm an o f the b o a rd o r p resid en t o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, few er than 100 p e r s o n s ; o r b. S e c r e ta r y to a c o r p o r a te o ffic e r (oth er than ch a irm an o f the b o a rd o r p re sid e n t) o f a com pan y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5, 000 p e r s o n s ; o r c . S e c r e ta r y to the head (im m ed ia tely b e lo w the o ffic e r le v e l) ov e r eith er a m a jo r c o rp o r a te w id e fu n ction al a ctiv ity ( e .g ., m a rk etin g, r e s e a r c h , o p e r a tio n s , in d u stria l r e la t io n s , e t c .) or a m a jo r g e o g r a p h ic o r o rg a n iz a tio n a l segm en t ( e .g ., a r e g io n a l h eadq u a r t e r s ; a m a jo r d iv is io n ) o f a com pan y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, ov e r 5 ,0 0 0 but few er than 2 5 ,0 0 0 e m p lo y e e s ; o r d. S e c r e ta r y to the head o f an in dividu al plant, fa c t o r y , e t c ., (or oth er equ ivalent le v e l o f o ffic ia l) that e m p lo y s , in a ll, ov er 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; or e. LS—4 A n sw ers telep h on es, com in g m a il. g re e ts p erson al b. A n sw ers telephone re q u e sts w h ich have stan dard a n sw e rs. rep ly to req u ests by sending a fo r m le t te r . c. R eview s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o ra n d a , and r e p o r ts p r e p a r e d by oth ers fo r the s u p e r v is o r 's sign atu re to en su re p r o c e d u r a l and ty p og ra p h ica l a c c u r a c y . d. M aintains s u p e r v is o r 's in stru cted . e. T y p e s, takes and t r a n s c r ib e s d icta tio n , and file s . ca len d a r c a lle r s , and m a k es and open s appointm ents in May as a. S creen s telephon e and p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , determ in in g w hich can be handled by the s u p e r v is o r 's su b ord in a tes o r oth er o ffic e s . S e c r e ta r y to a c o rp o r a te o ffic e r (oth er than the ch a irm an o f the b o a rd o r p re sid e n t) o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,0 0 0 but few er than 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; or c . S e c r e ta r y to the head, im m e d ia te ly b e lo w the c o r p o r a te o ffic e r le v e l, o f a m a jo r segm en t o r s u b s id ia r y o f a com pa n y that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . a. LR—2. P e r fo r m s duties d e s c r ib e d under LR—1 and, in addition p e r fo r m s ta sk s req u irin g g r e a te r ju d g m en t, in itia tiv e , and k n ow l edge o f o ffic e functions in clu d in g or c o m p a ra b le to m o s t o f the follow in g : S e c r e ta r y to the head o f a la rg e and im portan t org a n iz a tion a l segm en t ( e .g ., a m id d le m anagem ent s u p e r v is o r o f an o r g a n i za tion al segm en t often in volvin g as m any as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 2 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . a. S e c r e ta r y to the ch a irm an o f the b o a rd o r p re sid e n t o f a com pany that e m p lo y s , in a ll, o v e r 100 but fe w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s ; or b. n ature o f the w ork r e la tio n s h ip betw een and the extent to w h ich the s e c r e t a r y is ju d g m en t. S e c r e t a r ie s should be m a tch ed a c c o r d in g to th e ir le v e l o f r e s p o n s ib ility . 18 b. A n sw ers req u ests w hich r e q u ir e a d eta iled kn ow led ge o f o f fic e p r o ce d u r e s or c o lle c t io n o f in fo rm a tio n fr o m file s o r other o ffic e s . May sig n rou tin e c o r r e s p o n d e n c e in ow n or s u p e r v is o r 's n am e. c. C om piles o r a s sists in c o m p ilin g p e r io d ic r e p o rts on the b a sis o f g en era l in stru ction s. S E C R E T A R Y — C o n tin u e d T R A N S C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P IS T L e v e l o f S e c r e t a r y 's R e s p o n s i b i l i t y (L R —2)— C on tin u ed P r im a r y duty is to type cop y o f v o ic e r e co r d e d dictation w hich does not in volve v a ried te c h n ic a l o r sp e c ia liz e d v oca b u la ry such as that used in le g a l b r ie fs o r r e p o rts on s c ie n tific r e s e a r c h . M ay a lso type fr o m w ritten cop y . M ay m aintain file s , keep sim p le r e c o r d s , o r p e r fo r m oth er rela tiv ely routine c le r i c a l ta sk s . (See Stenograph er defin ition fo r w ork ers involved with shorthand dicta tion .) d. S ch ed u les ten ta tiv e appointm ents w ithout p r io r c le a r a n c e . A s s e m b le s n e c e s s a r y backgrou n d m a te r ia l for sch ed u led m eetin g s. M akes a rra n g e m e n ts for m eetin gs and c o n fe r e n c e s . e. E xpla in s s u p e r v is o r 's req u irem en ts to oth er e m p lo y e e s in s u p e r v i s o r 's unit. (A ls o ty p e s , takes dictation , and f ile s .) TY P IST The fo llo w in g ta bu la tion show s the le v e l o f the s e c r e ta r y fo r each LS and LR co m b in a tion . L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's s u p e r v is o r _____ L e v e l o f s e c r e t a r y 's r e s p o n s ib ility LR—1 LS—1_____________________________________ LS—2_____________________________________ LS—3_____________________________________ LS—4_____________________________________ C lass C lass C lass C lass LR—2 E D C B C lass D C lass C C lass B C lass A ST E N O G R A PH E R P r im a r y duty is to take dictation using shorthand, and to tr a n s c r ib e the d icta tio n . M ay a ls o type fr o m w ritten cop y. May op era te fr o m a s te n o g ra p h ic p o o l. M ay o c c a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e fr o m v o ic e r e c o r d in g s (if p r im a ry duty is tr a n s c r ib in g fr o m r e c o r d in g s , see T ra n sc rib in g -M a c h in e T y p ist). N O T E : T h is jo b is d istin gu ish ed fr o m that of a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o rm a lly w o rk s in a con fid en tial rela tion sh ip w ith on ly one m a n a g er o r e x e cu tiv e and p e r fo r m s m o r e re s p o n s ib le and d is c r e tio n a r y ta sk s as d e s c r ib e d in the s e c r e t a r y jo b d efin ition . S ten ograp h er, S en ior. D i c t a t i o n in v o l v e s a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y s u c h as In l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . May a l s o s e t up and m a i n t a i n f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e tc . OR P e r f o r m s s t e n o g r a p h i c d u tie s r e q u i r i n g s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r i n d e p e n d e n c e and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l , as e v i d e n c e d b y the f o l l o w i n g : W o r k r e q u i r e s a h ig h d e g r e e o f s t e n o g r a p h i c s p e e d and a c c u r a c y ; a t h o r o u g h w o r k i n g k n o w l e d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s i n e s s and o f f i c e p r o c e d u r e ; and o f th e s p e c i f i c b u s i n e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k f l o w , e t c . U s e s th is k n o w l e d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o g r a p h i c d u tie s and r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l ta s k s s u c h as m a in ta in in g f o l l o w u p f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d a , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s i n g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l i n s t r u c t i o n s ; r e a d i n g and ro u tin g i n c o m i n g m a i l ; and a n s w e r i n g rou tin e q u e s t io n s , etc. S t e n o g r a p h e r , G e n e r a l . D i c t a t i o n i n v o l v e s a n o r m a l r o u tin e v o c a b u l a r y . M a y m a i n t a i n f i l e s , k e e p s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y r o u t in e c l e r i c a l tasks. U ses a ty p e w rite r to m ake c o p ie s o f v a riou s m a te ria ls o r to m ake out b ills a fter c a lcu la tio n s have been m ade b y another p e r so n . May include typing o f s t e n c ils , m a ts , o r s im ila r m a te r ia ls fo r u se in duplicating p r o c esses. M ay do c l e r i c a l w ork in volvin g little sp e cia l train in g, such as keepin g sim p le r e c o r d s , filin g r e c o r d s and r e p o r ts , o r sortin g and distributing in com in g m a il. C la ss A . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : Typing m a teria l in fin al fo r m when it in v o lv e s com bin in g m a te r ia l fr o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; or r e s p o n s ib ility fo r c o r r e c t sp ellin g, sy lla b ica tion , punctuation, e tc ., o f te c h n ic a l o r unusual w o rd s o r fo r e ig n language m a te r ia l; o r planning layout and typing o f c o m p lica te d sta tis tica l ta bles to m aintain u n iform ity and balance in sp a cin g . M ay type routine fo r m le t te r s , varyin g d eta ils to suit c irc u m s ta n ce s . C la ss B . P e r fo r m s one o r m o r e o f the fo llo w in g : C opy typing fr o m rough o r c le a r d r a fts ; o r routine typing o f fo r m s , in su ran ce p o lic ie s , e t c .; o r setting up sim p le standard ta b u la tion s; o r cop yin g m o r e c o m p le x tables a lre a d y set up and sp a ced p r o p e r ly . F IL E C LE RK F ile s , c la s s if i e s , and r e tr ie v e s m a te r ia l in an estab lish ed filin g s y ste m . M ay p e r fo r m c le r i c a l and m anual tasks re q u ire d to m aintain file s . P o sitio n s a r e c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g defin ition s. C la s s A . C la s s ifie s and in dex es file m a te r ia l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n ce , r e p o r ts , te c h n ic a l d ocu m en ts, e t c ., in an esta b lish ed filin g sy stem containing a n um ber o f v a r ie d su b je ct m a tter f ile s . M ay a lso file this m a te r ia l. M ay k eep r e c o r d s o f v a rio u s types in conjun ction with the file s . M ay lead a sm a ll g rou p o f lo w e r le v e l file c le r k s . C la ss B. S o r ts , c o d e s , and file s u n c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l by sim ple (s u b je ct m a tter) h eadin gs o r p a rtly c la s s ifie d m a te r ia l b y fin er subheadings. P r e p a r e s sim p le rela ted in dex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e a id s. A s requ ested , lo c a t e s c le a r ly id en tified m a te r ia l in file s and fo r w a rd s m a te r ia l. M ay p e r fo r m rela ted c l e r i c a l tasks re q u ire d to m aintain and s e r v ic e file s . C la ss C . P e r fo r m s routine filin g o f m a te r ia l that has a lrea d y been c la s s ifie d o r w hich is e a s ily c la s s ifie d in a sim ple s e r ia l c la s s ific a tio n sy ste m (e .g ., a lp h a b etica l, c h r o n o lo g ic a l, o r n u m e ric a l). A s requ ested, lo c a te s r e a d ily a v a ila b le m a te r ia l in file s and fo rw a rd s m a te r ia ls ; and m ay fill out w ith draw al c h a rg e . M ay p e r fo r m sim p le c le r i c a l and m anual tasks re q u ire d to m aintain and s e r v ic e file s . M E SS E N G E R O R D E R C L E R K — C on tin u ed P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s r o u t in e d u tie s s u c h as ru n n in g e r r a n d s , o p e r a t i n g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h i n e s s u c h as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , o p e n i n g and d i s t r i b u t i n g m a i l , and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c l u d e p o s i t i o n s that r e q u i r e o p e r a tio n o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e as a s i g n i f i c a n t duty. C l a s s B. H a n d le s o r d e r s i n v o l v i n g i t e m s w h i c h h a v e r e a d i l y i d e n t i f i e d u s e s and a p p l i c a t i o n s . M ay r e f e r to a ca ta lo g , m a n u fa c t u r e r 's m a n u a l, o r s i m i l a r d o c u m e n t to i n s d r e that p r o p e r i t e m is s u p p l i e d o r to v e r i f y p r i c e o f o r d e r e d item . SW ITCHBOARD O P E R A T O R ACCOUNTING CLE R K O p e r a t e s a t e l e p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e u s e d w ith a p r i v a t e b r a n c h e x c h a n g e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to r e l a y i n c o m i n g , o u t g o i n g , and i n t r a s y s t e m ca lls. M a y p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m i t m e s s a g e s , k e e p r e c o r d o f c a l l s p l a c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s id e s o p e ra tin g a telephon e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y a l s o t y p e o r p e r f o r m r o u t in e c l e r i c a l w o r k (ty pin g o r r o u tin e c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y th e m a j o r p o r t i o n o f the w o r k e r ' s t i m e , and is u s u a l l y p e r f o r m e d w h i l e at the s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . C h ie f o r le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e m p l o y i n g m o r e than o n e o p e r a t o r a r e excluded. F o r an o p e r a t o r w ho a l s o a c t s as a r e c e p t i o n i s t , s e e S w it c h b o a r d O perator -R ecep tion ist. P e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e a c c o u n t i n g c l e r i c a l t a s k s s u c h a s p o s t i n g to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g b a n k a c c o u n t s ; v e r i f y i n g t h e i n t e r n a l c o n s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t i c a l a c c u r a c y o f a c c o u n t i n g d o c u m e n t s ; a s s i g n i n g p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n c o d e s ; e x a m i n i n g and v e r i f y i n g fo r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y variou s types o f r e p o r t s , lis t s , ca lc u la tio n s , p o stin g , e t c . ; o r p r e p a r i n g s i m p l e o r a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r i n g m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d j o u r n a l vouchers. M a y w o r k in e i t h e r a m a n u a l o r a u t o m a t e d a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m . SW ITCH BOARD O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T At a an o p e r a t o r — w o rk in volves b u s i n e s s and priate p e r so n a r r a n g i n g an s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n t e l e p h o n e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , a c t s b oth as s e e S w i t c h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t i o n i s t . R e c e p t i o n i s t ' s s u c h d u tie s as g r e e t i n g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m i n i n g n a t u r e o f v i s i t o r ' s p r o v i d i n g a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r m a t i o n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o in th e o r g a n i z a t i o n o r c o n t a c t i n g that p e r s o n b y t e l e p h o n e and a p p o in t m e n t ; k e e p i n g a lo g o f v i s i t o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w ritten or v e r b a l c u s t o m e r s ' p u rch a se o r d e r s fo r m a t e r ia l o r m erch a n dise fr o m cu sto m e r s or sales peop le. W o rk ty p ica lly in volves s o m e c o m b i n a t i o n o f th e f o l l o w i n g d u t i e s : Q uo tin g p r i c e s ; d e t e r m i n i n g a v a i l a b ilit y o f o r d e r e d i t e m s and s u g g e s t i n g s u b s ti tu te s , w h e n n e c e s s a r y ; a d v i s in g e x p e c t e d d e l i v e r y d a t e and m e t h o d o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d i n g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r i n f o r m a t i o n on o r d e r s h e e t s ; c h e c k i n g o r d e r s h e e t s f o r a c c u r a c y and a d e q u a c y o f i n f o r m a t i o n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a i n i n g c r e d i t ra tin g o f c u s t o m e r ; f u r n is h in g c u s t o m e r w ith a c k n o w l e d g e m e n t o f r e c e i p t o f o r d e r ; f o l l o w i n g - u p to s e e that o r d e r is d e l i v e r e d b y the s p e c i f i e d date o r to le t c u s t o m e r know o f a d e l a y in d e l i v e r y ; m a in t a in in g o r d e r f i l e ; c h e c k i n g s h ip p in g i n v o i c e a g a in s t o r i g i n a l o r d e r . E x c l u d e w o r k e r s pa id on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s i s o r w h o s e dut ie s in c lu d e any o f th e f o l l o w i n g : R e c e i v i n g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a t h e r than f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e ; p r o v i d i n g c u s t o m e r s w ith c o n s u l t a t i v e a d v i c e u sin g k n o w l e d g e g a in e d f r o m e n g i n e e r i n g o r e x t e n s i v e t e c h n i c a l t r a i n i n g ; e m p h a s i z i n g s e l l i n g s k i l l s ; h an d lin g m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e as an i n t e g r a l p a rt o f the j o b . P ositions defin ition s: are cla ssifie d into levels accord in g to the follow ing C l a s s A . H a n d le s o r d e r s that i n v o l v e m a k in g j u d g m e n t s s u c h as c h o o s i n g w h i c h s p e c i f i c p r o d u c t o r m a t e r i a l f r o m the e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s p r o d u c t l i n e s w i l l s a t i s f y th e c u s t o m e r ' s n e e d s , o r d e t e r m i n i n g th e p r i c e t o be q u o t e d w hen p r i c i n g i n v o l v e s m o r e than m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e l i s t o r m a k in g s o m e s i m p l e m a t h e m a t i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n s . T h e w o r k r e q u i r e s a k n o w l e d g e o f c l e r i c a l m e t h o d s and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h r e l a t e s to th e c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d i n g o f t r a n s a c t i o n s and a c c o u n t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n . W it h e x p e r i e n c e , th e w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r w ith th e b o o k k e e p i n g and a c c o u n t i n g t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s u s e d in th e a s s i g n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u i r e d to h a v e a k n o w l e d g e o f th e f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b o o k k e e p i n g and a c c o u n t i n g . P ositions are d efin ition s: cla ssified into levels on th e b a s i s of th e follow ing C l a s s A. Under g en eral s u p e r v is io n , p e r f o r m s accou n tin g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h r e q u i r e the a p p l i c a t i o n o f e x p e r i e n c e and j u d g m e n t , f o r e x a m p l e , c l e r i c a l l y ' p r o c e s s i n g c o m p l i c a t e d or n o n r e p e t i t i v e a c c o u n t i n g t r a n s a c t i o n s , s e l e c t i n g a m o n g a s u b s t a n t ia l v a r i e t y o f p r e s c r i b e d a c c o u n t i n g c o d e s and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c i n g t r a n s a c t i o n s t h r o u g h p r e v i o u s a c c o u n t i n g a c t i o n s to d e t e r m i n e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . M ay be a s s is t e d by one or m o r e c la s s B accou nting c le r k s . C l a s s B. Under c l o s e s u p e r v is io n , fo llo w in g d e t a ile d in stru ctio n s and s t a n d a r d i z e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s o n e o r m o r e r o u t i n e a c c o u n t i n g c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , s u c h as p o s t i n g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e t s w h e r e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f i t e m s and l o c a t i o n s o f p o s t i n g s a r e c l e a r l y i n d i c a t e d ; c h e c k i n g a c c u r a c y and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s t a n d a r d i z e d and r e p e t i t i v e r e c o r d s o r a c c o u n t i n g d o c u m e n t s ; and c o d i n g d o c u m e n t s u s i n g a f e w p r e s c r i b e d a ccou nting c o d e s. B O O K K E E PIN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ( w ith o r w it h o u t a t y p e w r i t e r boa rd) to k eep a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s . key C lass A . K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s , a n d f a m i l i a r i t y w ith th e s t r u c t u r e o f th e p a r t i c u l a r a c c o u n t i n g s y s t e m u s e d . D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d i s t r i b u t i o n o f deb it and c r e d i t i t e m s t o b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f the w o r k . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o l i d a t e d r e p o r t s , b a l a n c e s h e e t s , a nd o t h e r r e c o r d s b y han d. C l a s s B. Keeps a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e phases o r section s o f a set o f r e c o r d s u su a lly re q u irin g little k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s o r se ctio n s in clude a ccou n ts p a y a b le , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' a c c o u n t s (not in c lu d in g a s i m p l e ty p e o f b i l l i n g d e s c r i b e d u n d e r m a c h i n e b i l l e r ) , K E Y E N T R Y O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R — C on t inued c o s t d i s t r i b u t i o n , e x p e n s e d i s t r i b u t i o n , in v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , e t c . o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b a l a n c e s and p r e p a r e c o n t r o l the accou n tin g d e p a rtm e n t. May ch eck sheets for M ACH INE B IL L E R P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m a c h i n e o t h e r than an o r d i n a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r i t e r . M a y a l s o keep r e c o r d s a s to b i l l i n g s o r s h ip p in g c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k i n c i d e n t a l to b i l l i n g operation s. F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , m a c h i n e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y t y p e o f m a c h in e , as f o llo w s : B illin g-m a ch in e b ille r. U s e s a s p e c i a l b illin g m a c h i n e ( c o m b i n a t i o n t y p i n g arlcl a d d in g m a c h i n e ) t o p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , ship pin g m e m o r a n d a , e t c . U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p l i c a t i o n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d i s c o u n t s and s h ip p in g c h a r g e s and e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s i o n s , w h i c h m a y o r m a y not b e c o m p u t e d on th e b i l l i n g m a c h i n e , and t o t a l s w h i c h a r e a u t o m a t i c a l l y a c c u m u l a t e d by m a ch in e. The o p e r a tio n u su ally in volves a large num ber o f ca rb on co p ie s o f t h e b i l l b e i n g p r e p a r e d and is o f t e n d o n e on a fa n fo ld m a c h i n e . B ook k eep in g-m ach in e b iller. U s e s a b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h i n e ( w ith o r w ith o u t a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p a r t o f the a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a t i o n . G e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s the s i m u l t a n e o u s e n t r y o f f ig u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' le d g e r r e c o r d . The m achine a u tom a tica lly a ccu m u la te s f i g u r e s o n a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l c o l u m n s and c o m p u t e s and u s u a l l y p r i n t s a u t o m a t i c a l l y th e d e b it o r c r e d i t b a l a n c e s . D o e s not i n v o l v e a k n o w l e d g e o f bookkeepin g. W o r k s f r o m u n i f o r m and sta n da rd t y p e s o f s a l e s and cred it slips. PAYRO LL CLERK C l a s s B . W o r k is r o u t i n e and r e p e t i t i v e . U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n o r follow ing s p e c ific p r o c e d u r e s or in stru ctio n s , w o rk s fr o m various stan d a r d i z e d s o u r c e d o c u m e n t s w h i c h h av e b e e n c o d e d , and f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n p r e s c r i b e d in d e t a i l and r e q u i r e li ttle o r no s e l e c t i n g , c o d i n g , o r i n t e r p r e t i n g o f data to b e r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to s u p e r v iso r p roblem s a risin g f r o m erroneous i t e m s or codes or m issin g in fo rm a tio n . Professional and Technical C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINE SS A n a ly ze s b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s to fo rm u la te p r o c e d u r e s for solvin g t h e m b y u se o f e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e q u i p m e n t . Develops a com p lete d e s c r i p t i o n o f a ll s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d t o e n a b l e p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e r e q u i r e d d ig i t a l c o m p u t e r p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a t i o n s to b e a u t o m a t e d and id e n t i f i e s c o n d it io n s and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d t o a c h i e v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u l t s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and t y p e s o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d o c u m e n t s t o b e u s e d ; o u t lin e s a c t i o n s to be p e r f o r m e d b y p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u t e r s in s u f f i c i e n t d e t a il f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n t o m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y th is i n v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and data f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d i n a t e s th e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t e s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l r u n s o f n e w and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s equipm ent ch anges to obtain m o r e e f fe c t iv e o v e r a l l o p e r a tio n s . (N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g b o th s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s and p r o g r a m m i n g s h o u ld be c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s a n a l y s t s i f th is is the s k i l l u s e d to d e t e r m i n e th eir pay.) D o e s not i n c l u d e e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s t s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s . For P e r f o r m s th e c l e r i c a l t a s k s n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o l l s and to m ain tain p a y r o ll r e c o r d s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s ' t i m e o r p r o d u c t i o n r e c o r d s ; a d ju s tin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r c h a n g e s in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p l e m e n t a r y b e n e f i t s , o r t a x d e d u c t i o n s ; e d it in g p a y r o l l l i s t i n g s a g a i n s t s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c i n g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in l i s t i n g s ; and a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r a t i o n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a n o n automated p a y r o ll s y s te m , com putes w ages. W ork may requ ire a p r a c tica l k n o w l e d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u l a t i o n s , c o m p a n y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r the com pu ter system fo r p r o c e ss in g payrolls. KEY ENTRY O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a k e y p u n c h m a c h i n e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y a l p h a b e t i c a n d / o r n u m e r i c da ta o n t a b u l a t i n g c a r d s o r on ta p e . P osition s defin ition s. are cla ssified into l e v e l s on th e b a s i s o f th e follow ing C lass A . W o r k r e q u i r e s th e a p p lic a t io n o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t in s e l e c t i n g p r o c e d u r e s to b e f o l l o w e d and in s e a r c h i n g f o r , i n t e r p r e t i n g , s e le c t in g , o r co d in g ite m s to be keypunched f r o m a v a rie ty o f s o u r c e d o c u m ents. On o c c a s i o n m a y a l s o p e r f o r m s o m e routine k e y p u n c h w o r k . May train in e x p e rie n ce d keypunch o p e r a to r s . wage s tu d y purposes, system s a n a ly s t s are cla ssified as follow s: C l a s s A. W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s i n v o l v i n g a ll p h a s e s o f s y s t e m s a n a l y s i s . P r o b l e m s a r e c o m p l e x b e c a u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f inpu t data and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f output da ta . ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e g r a t e d p r o d u c t i o n s c h e d u lin g , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , c o s t a n a l y s i s , and s a l e s a n a l y s i s r e c o r d in w h i c h e v e r y i t e m o f e a c h ty p e i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h the fu ll s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r i a t e f o l l o w u p a c t i o n s a r e in itia t e d b y the c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the i m p l i c a t i o n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f data p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a t i o n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , i f n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s i n s t a l l a t i o n s o r c h a n g e s and f o r o b ta in in g e q u ip m e n t . M ay p r o v id e fu n ction al w ho a r e a s s i g n e d t o a s s i s t . d i r e c t i o n to low er le v e l system s a n a ly st s C l a s s B . W o r k s i n d e p e n d e n t l y o r u n d e r o n l y g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on p r o b l e m s that a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p l i c a t e d t o a n a l y z e , p la n , p r o g r a m , and o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e c a u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o g e n e o u s and the output data a r e c l o s e l y r e l a t e d . (F o r exam ple, d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m a i n t a i n i n g d e p o s i t o r a c c o u n t s in a b a nk, m a in ta in in g a c c o u n t s r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t , o r m a in ta in in g i n v e n t o r y CO M PU TER SYSTEM S A N A L Y S T , BU SIN E SS— C o n tin u e d accounts in a m a n u factu rin g o r w h o le sa le esta b lis h m e n t.) C on fers w ith p e r sons c o n c e rn e d to d eterm in e the data p r o c e s s in g p r o b le m s and a d vises su b je ct-m a tte r p e r so n n e l on the im p lic a tio n s o f the data p r o c e s s in g sy stem s to be applied. OR W ork s on a segm en t o f a c o m p le x data p r o c e s s in g sch em e or sy ste m , as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . W ork s indepen den tly on routine a s s ig n m ents and r e c e iv e s in stru ctio n and guidan ce on c o m p le x a ssig n m en ts. W ork is r e v ie w e d fo r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m en t, c o m p lia n ce w ith in s tr u c tio n s , and to in su re p r o p e r alignm ent w ith the o v e r a ll s y s te m . C la ss C . W ork s under im m ed ia te su p e r v is io n , c a r ry in g out an aly se s as a s sig n e d , u su ally o f a sin g le a ctiv ity . A ssig n m en ts are d esign ed to d ev elop and expand p r a c t ic a l e x p e r ie n c e in the ap p lica tion o f p r o c e d u r e s and sk ills r e q u ire d fo r s y s te m s an alysis w o rk . F o r ex a m p le , m a y a s s is t a higher le v e l sy ste m s analyst by p re p a rin g the d eta iled s p e c ific a tio n s re q u ire d by p r o g r a m m e r s fr o m in fo rm a tio n d ev e lo p e d by the high er le v e l analyst. CO M PU TER P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS C on v erts statem en ts o f b u sin e s s p r o b le m s , ty p ic a lly p r e p a r e d by a sy stem s a n alyst, into a seq u en ce o f d etailed in stru ctio n s w hich are re q u ire d to solve the p r o b le m s by au tom atic data p r o c e s s in g equipm ent. W orking fr o m charts or d ia g r a m s, the p r o g r a m m e r d ev elop s the p r e c is e in stru ction s w hich , when en tered into the com p u ter sy ste m in c od ed language, cau se the m anipu lation o f data to a ch ieve d e s ir e d r e s u lts . W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : A pp lies kn ow ledge o f com p u ter c a p a b ilitie s , m a th e m a tic s, lo g ic em p loy ed by co m p u te rs, and p a rticu la r su b ject m a tter in v olv ed to an alyze ch arts and dia gram s o f the p r o b le m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d ev elop s seq u en ce o f p r o g r a m step s; w rite s d etailed flow ch arts to show o r d e r in w hich data w ill be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e rts th e se ch a rts to cod ed in stru ctio n s fo r m a ch in e to fo llo w ; tests and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in stru ctio n s fo r op era tin g p e r so n n e l during p rod u ction run; a n a ly z e s , r e v ie w s , and a lte rs p r o g r a m s to in c r e a s e operating e ffic ie n c y o r adapt to new r e q u ir e m e n ts ; m aintains r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d ev elop m en t and r e v is io n s . (NOTE: W o r k e rs p e r fo rm in g both sy stem s a n a lysis and p ro g ra m m in g should be c la s s ifie d as s y ste m s analysts if this is the sk ill u sed to d eterm in e th e ir pay.) D oes not in clu de e m p lo y e e s p r im a r ily r e s p o n s ib le fo r the m a n a ge ment or su p e r v is io n o f oth er e le c t r o n ic data p r o c e s s in g e m p lo y e e s , or p r o g ra m m e rs p r im a r ily c o n c e rn e d w ith s c ie n tific a n d /o r en gin eerin g p r o b le m s . C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS— C o n tin u e d linkage poin ts betw een o p e ra tio n s , ad ju stm en ts to data when p r o g r a m r e q u irem en ts e x ce e d com pu ter stora g e c a p a city , and su bstantial m anipulation and reseq u en cin g o f data elem en ts to fo r m a h igh ly in teg ra ted p r o g r a m . M ay provide fu nction al a re a ssig n ed to a s s is t. C la ss B . W orks independently o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on r e la tiv e ly sim ple p r o g r a m s , or on s im p le seg m en ts o f c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s (o r segm en ts) usually p r o c e s s in fo rm a tio n to p ro d u ce data in two o r th ree v a r ie d seq u en ces o r fo r m a ts . R e p o r ts and lis tin g s are p r o d u c e d by re fin in g , adapting, a rra y in g , or m aking m in o r additions to o r d eletion s fr o m input data w hich are re a d ily a v a ila b le. W hile n u m erou s r e c o r d s m ay be p r o c e s s e d , the data have been r e fin e d in p r io r a ction s so that the a c c u r a c y and seq u en cin g o f data can be te s te d by using a few rou tin e c h e c k s . T y p ic a lly , the p r o g r a m deals with routine r e co r d k e e p in g o p e r a tio n s . OR W ork s on com p lex p ro g ra m s (as d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A) under c lo s e d ir e c tio n o f a higher le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r s u p e r v is o r . M ay a s s is t higher le v e l p r o g r a m m e r by independently p e r fo r m in g le s s d ifficu lt ta sk s a ssig n ed , and p e r fo rm in g m o r e d ifficu lt tasks under fa ir ly c lo s e d ir e c tio n . M ay guide or in stru ct low er le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C la ss C . M akes p r a c tic a l a p p lica tion s o f p r o g r a m m in g p r a c tic e s and con cep ts usually lea rn ed in fo r m a l tra in in g c o u r s e s . A ssig n m en ts are design ed to develop com p eten ce in the a p p lica tion o f stan dard p r o c e d u r e s to routine p r o b le m s . R e c e iv e s c lo s e s u p e r v is io n on new a s p e c ts o f a ssig n m en ts; and w ork is review ed to v e r ify its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith re q u ire d p roced u res. CO M PU TE R O PERA TO R M on itors and op era tes the c o n t r o l c o n s o le o f a d ig ita l com p u ter to p r o c e s s data a ccord in g to operating in s tr u c tio n s , u su ally p r e p a r e d by a p r o g r a m m e r . W ork in clu des m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Studies in stru ction s to d eterm in e equipm ent setup and o p e r a tio n s ; loa d s equipm ent w ith r e q u ir e d item s (tape r e e ls , c a r d s , e tc .); sw itch es n e c e s s a r y a u x ilia ry equipm ent into c ir c u it , and starts and op era tes com p u ter; m a k es ad ju stm ents to com p u ter to c o r r e c t operating p r o b le m s and m eet s p e c ia l c o n d itio n s; r e v ie w s e r r o r s m ade during operation and d eterm in es ca u se o r r e f e r s p r o b le m to s u p e r v is o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m aintains op era tin g r e c o r d s . M ay te s t and a s s is t in c o r r e c t in g p rog ra m . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , p r o g r a m m e r s are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A. W ork s in depen den tly or under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n on com p lex p r o b le m s w hich r e q u ir e co m p e te n ce in a ll ph ases o f p rog ra m m in g con cep ts and p r a c t ic e s . W orkin g fr o m d ia g ra m s and ch a rts w h ich iden tify the nature o f d e s ir e d r e s u lt s , m a jo r p r o c e s s in g steps to be a c c o m p lis h e d , and the re la tio n s h ip s b etw een v a r io u s steps o f the p r o b le m solv in g rou tin e; plans the fu ll range o f p ro g ra m m in g a ction s n eeded to e ffic ie n tly u tilize the com pu ter s y s te m in a ch ievin g d e s ir e d end p r o d u c ts . At th is le v e l, p r o g r a m m in g is d ifficu lt b e c a u s e com p u ter equipm ent m ust be o r g a n iz e d to p ro d u ce s e v e r a l in te r r e la te d but d iv e r s e p rod u cts fr o m n um erous and d iv e r s e data e le m e n ts. A w ide v a r ie ty and e x ten siv e num ber o f in ternal p r o c e s s in g a ction s m ust o c c u r . T his r e q u ir e s su ch a ction s as developm en t o f com m on o p e ra tio n s w h ich can be r e u s e d , estab lish m en t o f d ir e c tio n to lo w e r le v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who For wage study p u rp o s e s , com p u ter op era tors are c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : C la ss A . O pera tes in depen den tly, o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n , a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the fo llo w in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : New p r o g r a m s a r e freq u en tly tested and in tro d u ce d ; sch edu lin g re q u ire m e n ts are o f c r it ic a l im p orta n ce to m in im iz e d ow n tim e; the p r o g r a m s are o f c o m p le x d esign so that id en tifica tion o f e r r o r s o u r c e often r e q u ir e s a w ork in g k n ow ledge o f the total p r o g r a m , and a ltern a te p r o g r a m s m ay not be a v a ila b le. M ay give d ir e c tio n and guidance to lo w e r le v e l o p e r a t o r s . C la ss B . O p era tes in depen den tly, o r under on ly g e n e ra l d ir e c tio n , a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the follow in g c h a r a c t e r is t ic s : M ost o f the p rog ra m s are esta b lish ed p ro d u ctio n ru n s, ty p ic a lly run on a r e g u la r ly r e cu rr in g b a s is ; th ere is little o r no testin g o f new p r o g r a m s C O M P U T E R O P E R A T O R — C o n tin u e d D R A F T E R -T R A C E R r e q u ir e d ; a ltern a te p r o g r a m s a re p rov id ed in ca se o r ig in a l p r o g r a m n eeds m a jo r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d within a rea son a b ly sh ort tim e . In c o m m o n e r r o r situ a tio n s , d ia g n o se s cau se and takes c o r r e c t iv e action . T h is u su ally in v o lv e s applying p r e v io u s ly p ro g ra m m e d c o r r e c t iv e s te p s, or using stan dard c o r r e c t io n te ch n iq u e s . C opies plans and draw ings p r e p a r e d by oth ers by placing tracin g cloth or paper o v e r draw ings and tr a c in g w ith pen o r p en cil. (D oes not in clude tra cin g lim ite d to plans p r im a r ily c on sistin g o f straight lin es and a la rg e sc a le not req u irin g c lo s e d elin ea tion .) OR A N D /O R O p e ra te s under d ir e c t su p e r v isio n a com p u ter running p r o g r a m s o r se g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r is tic s d e s c r ib e d fo r c la s s A . M ay a s s is t a h igh er le v e l o p e r a t o r by independently p e r fo rm in g le s s d ifficu lt ta sk s a s s ig n e d , and p e r fo r m in g d ifficu lt tasks follow in g d etailed in stru ctio n s and w ith freq u en t r e v ie w o f o p e r a tio n s p e r fo r m e d . P r e p a r e s sim p le o r r e p e titiv e draw ings o f e a s ily v isu a lize d item s. W ork is c lo s e ly su p e r v ise d during p r o g r e s s . C la ss C . W o r k s on rou tin e p r o g r a m s under c lo s e su p e r v is io n . Is e x p e cte d to d e v e lo p w ork in g k n ow led ge o f the com pu ter equipm ent u sed and a b ility to d e te ct p r o b le m s in v o lv e d in running routine p r o g r a m s . U sually has r e c e iv e d so m e fo r m a l tra in in g in com p u ter op era tion . M ay a s s is t h igh er le v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p le x p r o g r a m s . DRAFTER C la s s A . P la n s the g ra p h ic p resen ta tion o f c o m p le x item s having d is tin c tiv e d e sig n fe a tu r e s that d iffe r sig n ifica n tly fr o m esta b lish ed drafting p r e c e d e n t s . W o r k s in c lo s e su pport w ith the design o r ig in a to r , and m ay r e c o m m e n d m in o r d e s ig n ch a n g es. A n a ly zes the effect o f each change on the d e ta ils o f fo r m , fu n ctio n , and p o s itio n a l rela tion sh ip s o f com p on en ts and p a r t s . W o rk s w ith a m in im u m o f s u p e r v is o r y a s s is ta n c e . C om p leted w o rk is r e v ie w e d by d e s ig n o r ig in a to r f o r c o n s is te n c y with p r io r en gin eerin g d e t e r m in a tio n s. M ay e ith er p r e p a r e draw in gs o r d ir e c t th eir p re p a ra tio n by lo w e r le v e l d r a ft e r s . C la ss B. P e r fo r m s n on rou tin e and c o m p le x drafting a ssig n m en ts that r e q u ir e the a p p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f the stan dardized draw ing tech n iq u es r e g u la r ly u sed . D uties t y p ic a lly in volve such w ork as: P r e p a r e s w ork in g d ra w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b lie s w ith ir r e g u la r sh a p es, m u ltiple fu n ctio n s, and p r e c i s e p o s itio n a l r e la tio n s h ip s betw een com p on en ts; p r e p a r e s a r c h ite ctu r a l d ra w in g s fo r c o n s tr u c tio n o f a building including detail draw in gs o f fo u n d a tio n s, w a ll s e c t io n s , flo o r p la n s , and r o o f. U ses a c c e p te d fo r m u la s and m a n u als in m akin g n e c e s s a r y com pu ta tion s to d eterm in e qu an tities o f m a te r ia ls to be u s e d , loa d c a p a c it ie s , stren g th s, s t r e s s e s , e tc . R e c e iv e s in itia l in s t r u c t io n s , r e q u ir e m e n t s , and ad vicd fr o m s u p e r v is o r . C om pleted w o rk is ch eck ed fo r te c h n ic a l ad equ acy. C la ss C. P r e p a r e s d e ta il draw in gs o f single units o r p a rts fo r e n g in e e r in g , c o n s tr u c tio n , m a n u fa ctu rin g , o r re p a ir p u r p o s e s . T y p es o f d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d in clu d e is o m e t r ic p r o je c tio n s (depictin g th re e d im en sion s in a c c u r a t e s c a le ) and s e c tio n a l view s to c la r ify position in g o f com p on en ts and c o n v e y n eed ed in fo rm a tio n . C on solid a tes details fr o m a n u m ber o f s o u r c e s and a d ju sts o r tr a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u ire d . S u ggested m eth od s o f a p p ro a ch , a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v ice on so u r ce m a te r ia ls a re given w ith in itia l a s s ig n m e n ts . In stru ction s a re le s s co m p le te when a ssign m en ts recu r. W ork m a y be s p o t-c h e c k e d during p r o g r e s s . E LE CTRO N IC S TECHNICIAN W ork s on v a riou s typ es o f e le c tr o n ic equipm ent and rela ted d ev ices by p e r fo rm in g one o r a com bin a tion o f the follow in g : In stallin g, m aintaining, r e p a ir in g , o v erh a u lin g , tro u b le s h o o tin g , m od ify in g , con stru ctin g , and testin g. W ork r e q u ir e s p r a c tic a l ap p lication o f te c h n ic a l know ledge o f e le c tr o n ics p r in c ip le s , ability co d eterm in e m a iiu n ctio n s , and s k ill to put equipm ent in r e q u ire d op era tin g con dition . The equipm ent— co n s istin g o f eith er m any d iffe re n t kinds o f c ircu its or m u ltiple rep etition o f the sam e kind o f c irc u it—-in c lu d e s , but is not lim ited to , the follow in g : (a) E le c t r o n ic tran sm ittin g and r e c e iv in g equipm ent (e .g ., r a d a r , r a d io , t e le v is io n , telep h on e, so n a r , n avigation al a id s), (b) digital and analog c o m p u te r s , and (c ) in d u stria l and m e d ic a l m ea su rin g and con trollin g equipm ent. T h is c la s s ific a tio n ex clu d es r e p a ir e r s o f su ch standard e le c tr o n ic equipm ent as com m on o ffic e m a ch in es and h ousehold ra d io and telev ision s e ts ; p rod u ction a s s e m b le r s and t e s t e r s ; w o rk e r s w hose p rim a ry duty is s e r v ic in g e le c tr o n ic test in stru m en ts; te ch n icia n s who have adm in istrative or s u p e r v is o r y r e s p o n s ib ility ; and d r a fte r s , d e s ig n e r s , and p r o fe ss io n a l e n g in e e r s. P o sitio n s d e fin itio n s : are c la s s ifie d into le v e ls on the b a sis o f the follow in g C la ss A . A p p lies advance te c h n ic a l kn ow ledge to solve unusually c o m p le x p r o b le m s (i.e ., th o se that ty p ic a lly cannot b e so lv e d so le ly by r e f e r en ce to m a n u fa c tu r e rs ' m anuals o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w orking on e l e c t r o n ic equipm ent. E xam p les o f su ch p r o b le m s in clu de loca tion and density o f c ir c u it r y , e le c tr o m a g n e tic ra d ia tion , isola tin g m a lfu n ction s, and frequent en gin eerin g ch a n ges. W ork in v o lv e s : A detailed understanding o f the in te r re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s ; e x e r c is in g independent judgm ent in p erform in g such ta sk s as m aking c ir c u it a n a ly s e s, ca lcu la tin g w ave fo r m s , tra cin g r e la tio n ships in sign al flow ; and r e g u la r ly using c o m p le x test in stru m en ts (e .g ., dual tr a c e o s c ill o s c o p e s , Q -m e t e r s , deviation m e t e r s , pu lse g e n e r a to rs ). W ork m ay be r e v ie w e d by s u p e r v is o r (freq u en tly an en gin eer or d e s ig n e r ) fo r g e n e ra l co m p lia n ce w ith a cce p te d p r a c t ic e s . M ay provid e te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r le v e l te c h n ic ia n s . C la ss B . A p p lies c o m p re h e n siv e te c h n ic a l know ledge to solve c o m plex p r o b le m s ( i.e ., th ose that ty p ic a lly can be so lv e d so le ly by p r o p e rly in terp retin g m a n u fa c tu r e rs ' m anuals o r s im ila r docu m en ts) in w orking on E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C o n tin u ed M A IN T E N A N C E E L E C T R IC IA N e le c tr o n ic equipm ent. W ork in v o lv e s : A fa m ilia r ity w ith the in te r r e la tio n ships o f c ir c u it s ; and judgm ent in d eterm in in g w ork seq u en ce and in s e le ctin g to o ls and testin g in stru m e n ts, u su ally le s s c o m p le x than th ose used by the c la s s A tech n icia n . P e r fo r m s a v a rie ty o f e le c t r ic a l tra d e fu n ction s su ch as the in s t a l lation , m ain ten an ce, or r e p a ir o f equipm ent fo r the g e n e ra tio n , d is tr ib u tio n , or u tilization o f e le c t r ic en erg y in an e sta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or r e p a irin g any o f a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic a l e q u ip m ent such as g e n e r a to rs , t r a n s fo r m e r s , s w itc h b o a r d s , c o n t r o lle r s , c ir c u it b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heating units, conduit s y s t e m s , o r oth er tr a n s m is s io n equ ipm ent; w orking fr o m b lu ep rin ts, d ra w in g s , la y o u ts , o r oth er s p e c i f i c a tio n s ; locatin g and diagnosing tr o u b le in the e le c t r ic a l sy s te m o r e q u ip m en t; w ork in g standard com putations re la tin g to loa d re q u ire m e n ts o f w irin g or e le c t r ic a l equipm ent; and using a v a r ie ty o f e le c t r ic ia n 's h an dtools and m ea su rin g and testin g in stru m en ts. In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m a in ten an ce e le c tr ic ia n r e q u ire s rounded tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally a c q u ir e d th rough a fo rm a l ap p ren ticesh ip or equ ivalen t tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r h igher le v e l tech n icia n , and w ork is r e v ie w e d fo r s p e c ific c o m p lia n ce with a ccep ted p r a c tic e s and w o rk a ssig n m e n ts . M ay p r o v id e te c h n ic a l guidance to lo w e r le v e l te ch n icia n s . C la ss C . A p p lies w ork in g te c h n ic a l kn ow ledge to p e r fo r m sim p le or routine ta sk s in w ork in g on e le c t r o n ic equ ipm en t, follow in g d eta iled in s t r u c tions w hich c o v e r v irtu a lly a ll p r o c e d u r e s . W ork ty p ic a lly in v o lv e s such tasks as: A s s is tin g high er le v e l te ch n icia n s by p e r fo rm in g such a c tiv itie s as re p la cin g com p on en ts, w irin g c ir c u it s , and taking te s t re a d in g s; re p a irin g sim ple e le c tr o n ic equ ipm ent; and using to o ls and com m on test in stru m en ts (e .g ., m u ltim e te r s , audio sign al g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c ill o s c o p e s ) . Is not r e q u ire d to be fa m ilia r w ith the in te r re la tio n s h ip s o f c ir c u it s . T his k n ow led ge, h o w e v e r, m ay be a cq u ire d th rough a ssign m en ts d esign ed to in c r e a s e co m p e te n ce (in cluding c la s s r o o m tra in in g ) so that w o rk e r can advance to h igh er le v e l te ch n icia n . R e c e iv e s te c h n ic a l g u id a n ce, as r e q u ir e d , fr o m s u p e r v is o r o r higher le v e l tech n icia n . W ork is ty p ic a lly s p o t-c h e c k e d , but is given d eta iled r e v ie w when new o r advanced a ssign m en ts are in v olv ed . REG ISTER ED IN D U STRIAL NURSES A r e g is t e r e d n u rse who g iv e s n u rsin g s e r v ic e under g en era l m e d ica l d ire ctio n to ill o r in ju red e m p lo y e e s or oth er p e r so n s who b e c o m e ill or su ffer an a ccid en t on the p r e m is e s o f a fa c to r y o r oth er esta b lish m en t. Duties in v olv e a com bin a tion o f the fo llo w in g : G iving fir s t aid to the ill or in ju red ; attending to subsequent d r e s s in g o f e m p lo y e e s ' in ju r ie s ; keepin g r e c o r d s o f patien ts tre a te d ; p re p a rin g a ccid en t r e p o r ts fo r com p en sa tion or oth er p u rp o s e s ; a s sistin g in p h y s ic a l exam in a tion s and health evalu ation s o f applicants and e m p lo y e e s ; and planning and c a r ry in g out p r o g r a m s in volvin g health ed u ca tion , accid en t p re v e n tio n , evalu ation o f plant e n v iron m en t, or oth er a c tiv itie s affectin g the health, w e lfa r e , and sa fety o f a ll p e r so n n e l. Nursing s u p e r v is o r s o r head n u rse s in esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than one n urse are e x clu d ed . M AINTENANCE PAIN TER Paints and r e d e c o r a te s w a lls , w o o d w o r k , and fix tu re s o f an e s t a b lish m en t. W ork in volves the fo llo w in g : K n ow ledge o f s u r fa c e p e c u lia r itie s and typ es o f paint re q u ire d for d ifferen t a p p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r in g s u r fa c e fo r painting by rem ov in g old fin ish or by p la cin g putty o r fille r in n ail h oles and in t e r s t ic e s ; and applying paint with sp ra y gun o r b ru sh . M ay m ix c o l o r s , o i l s , w hite lea d, and other paint in g red ien ts to obtain p r o p e r c o lo r o r c o n s is te n c y . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m a in ten an ce pa in ter r e q u ir e s roun ded trainin g and e x p e rie n ce u su ally a c q u ir e d th rou g h a fo r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r equivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . M AINTENANCE MACHINIST Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant P r o d u c e s rep la cem en t pa rts and new p a rts in m aking r e p a ir s o f m eta l pa rts o f m e ch a n ica l equipm ent o p e r a te d in an e sta b lis h m e n t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t of the fo llo w in g : In terp retin g w ritten in stru ctio n s and s p e c i fic a tio n s ; planning and laying out o f w o rk ; using a v a r ie ty o f m a c h in is t's h an dtools and p r e c is io n m ea su rin g in stru m e n ts ; setting up and op era tin g stan dard m achine to o ls ; shaping o f m eta l p a rts to c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; m aking stan dard shop com putations relatin g to d im e n s io n s o f w o rk , to o lin g , fe e d s , and sp eed s o f m achining; know ledge o f the w ork in g p r o p e r t ie s o f the co m m o n m e ta ls ; se le ctin g standard m a t e r ia ls , p a r t s , and equ ipm ent r e q u ir e d fo r th is w ork ; and fitting and a ssem b lin g pa rts into m e c h a n ic a l equ ipm en t. In g e n e r a l, the m a ch in is t's w ork n orm a lly r e q u ir e s a rou n ded tra in in g in m a c h in e -s h o p p r a c tic e usually acq u ired through a fo r m a l a p p re n tice s h ip o r equ ivalent tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . M AINTENANCE C A R P E N T E R M AINTENANCE MECHANIC (M ach in ery) P e r fo r m s the c a rp e n try duties n e c e s s a r y to con stru ct and m aintain in good r e p a ir building w ood w ork and equipm ent su ch as b in s , c r ib s , co u n te rs, b e n c h e s , p a rtitio n s, d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a ir s , c a s in g s , and tr im m ade o f w ood in an esta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out o f w ork fr o m b lu e p rin ts , d ra w in gs, m o d e ls , o r v e rb a l in stru ctio n s; using a v a r ie ty o f c a r p e n t e r 's h an d tools, p orta b le p ow er t o o ls , and standard m ea su rin g in stru m en ts; m aking standard shop com pu tation s relatin g to d im en sion s o f w o rk ; and se le ctin g m a te r ia ls n e c e s s a r y fo r the w ork . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f the m ain ten an ce ca rp e n te r r e q u ir e s roun ded trainin g and e x p e rie n c e usu ally a cq u ire d th rough a fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip or equivalent train in g and e x p e r ie n c e . R ep a irs m a ch in ery or m e c h a n ica l equ ipm ent o f an e sta b lish m en t. W ork in v o lv e s m ost o f the fo llo w in g : E xam in ing m a ch in es and m e c h a n ica l equipm ent to diagnose so u r ce o f tr o u b le ; dism a n tlin g o r p a rtly d ism a n tlin g m a ch in es and p e rfo rm in g r e p a ir s that m a in ly in v o lv e the use o f h an dtools in scra p in g and fitting p a rts; re p la cin g b ro k e n o r d e fe c tiv e p a rts with ite m s obtain ed fr o m sto ck ; o rd e rin g the p r o d u c tio n o f a re p la c e m e n t part by a m a ch in e shop or sending the m ach in e to a m a ch in e shop fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s ; p rep a rin g w ritten sp e cifica tio n s fo r m a jo r r e p a ir s o r for the p ro d u ctio n o f parts o r d e r e d fr o m m achine sh op s; r e a s s e m b lin g m a ch in e s; and m aking all n e c e s s a r y adjustm ents fo r op era tion . In g e n e r a l, the w ork o f a m a ch in e ry m ain ten an ce m ech an ic r e q u ire s rou n d ed tra in in g and e x p e r ie n c e u su ally M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M a c h in e r y ) — C on tin u ed M IL L W R IG H T — C on tin u ed a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . E x c l u d e d f r o m t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y d u tie s i n v o l v e s e t t i n g up o r a d j u s t i n g m a c h i n e s . w o r k ; i n t e r p r e t i n g b l u e p r i n t s o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f h an dt o o l s and r i g g i n g ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s , s t r e n g t h o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; a lig n in g and b a l a n c i n g e q u i p m e n t ; s e l e c t i n g s t a n d a r d t o o l s , e q u i p m e n t , and p a r t s to b e u s e d ; and in s t a llin g and m a i n t a i n i n g in g o o d o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e q u ip m e n t s u c h as d r i v e s and s p e e d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u i r e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M ECH AN IC (M otor V eh icles) R e p a i r s a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m i n i n g a u t o m o t i v e e q u i p m e n t t o d i a g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g e q u ip m e n t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s th at i n v o l v e th e u s e o f s u c h h a n d t o o ls as w r e n c h e s , g a u g e s , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e q u i p m e n t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fit tin g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r t s f r o m s t o c k ; g r i n d i n g and a d ju s tin g v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and i n s t a l l i n g th e v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in the v e h i c l e and m a k i n g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s ; and a li g n i n g w h e e l s , a d ju s ti n g b r a k e s and l i g h t s , o r t i g h t e n in g b o d y b o l t s . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f the m o t o r v e h i c l e m a i n t e n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d tr a in in g and e x p e r i e n c e usually a cq u ir e d th rou gh a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h i s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not in c l u d e t o m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u t o m o b i l e r e p a i r s h o p s . m echan ics who rep air cus M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R I n s t a l l s o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r t y p e s o f p ip e and p i p e f i t t i n g s in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : L a y i n g o u t w o r k a nd m e a s u r i n g t o l o c a t e p o s i t i o n o f pip e f r o m d r a w i n g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; c u tt in g v a r i o u s s i z e s o f pip e to c o r r e c t l e n g th s w ith c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h i n e s ; t h r e a d i n g p i p e w i t h s t o c k s a nd d i e s ; b e n d i n g p ip e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p i p e w i t h c o u p l i n g s and f a s t e n in g p ip e to h a n g e r s ; m a k i n g s t a n d a r d s h o p c o m p u t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p i p e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k i n g s t a n d a r d t e s t s t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r f i n i s h e d p i p e s m eet specifica tion s. In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f the m a i n t e n a n c e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g a nd e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . W ork ers p rim a rily e n g a g e d in i n s t a l l i n g and r e p a i r i n g b u il d in g s a n ita tio n o r h e a t in g s y s t e m s are exclu ded. M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L WORKER F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m a in t a in s in g o o d r e p a i r the s h e e t - m e t a l e q u i p m e n t and f i x t u r e s ( s u c h as m a c h i n e g u a r d s , g r e a s e p a n s , s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , t a n k s , v e n t i l a t o r s , c h u t e s , d u c t s , m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f am e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and l a y in g out a l l t y p e s o f s h e e t -m e t a l m a in te n a n ce w o r k f r o m blu ep rin ts, m o d e ls , o r other s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; s e t t i n g up and o p e r a t i n g a ll a v a i l a b l e t y p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s ; u s i n g a v a r i e t y o f h a n d t o o l s in c u tt in g , b e n d in g , f o r m i n g , s h a p in g , f i t t i n g , and a s s e m b l i n g ; and i n s t a l l i n g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s as r e q u i r e d . In g e n e r a l , th e w o r k o f th e m a i n t e n a n c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s r o u n d e d t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d th r o u g h a f o r m a l a p p r e n t i c e s h i p o r e q u i v a l e n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M AIN TEN AN CE TRA DE S H E LPE R A s s i s t s o n e o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s , b y p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l d u tie s o f l e s s e r s k i l l , s u c h as k e e p in g a w o r k e r s u p p l i e d w ith m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ; c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a , m a c h i n e , and e q u i p m e n t ; a s s i s t i n g j o u r n e y m a n b y h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k i l l e d t a s k s as d i r e c t e d b y j o u r n e y m a n . T h e kin d o f w o r k th e h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d t o p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e t o t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s the h e l p e r i s c o n f i n e d to s u p p l y i n g , l i f t i n g , and h o ld in g m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s , and c l e a n i n g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in o t h e r s he is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h i n e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r t s o f a t r a d e th at a r e a l s o p e r f o r m e d b y w o r k e r s on a f u ll- t i m e b a s i s . M A C H IN E -T O O L O P E R A T O R (TOOLROOM ) S p e c i a l i z e s in o p e r a t i n g o n e o r m o r e than o n e ty pe o f m a c h i n e t o o l ( e . g . , j i g b o r e r , g r i n d i n g m a c h i n e , e n g in e l a t h e , m i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) to m a c h i n e m e t a l f o r u s e in m a k i n g o r m a in t a in in g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu tt in g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d i e s o r m o l d s u s e d in s h a p in g o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m eta liic m a te ria l (e .g ., p la stic, p la ste r, ru b ber, gla s s ). W ork ty pically in volves; P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d i f f i c u l t m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h r e q u i r e c o m p l i c a t e d s e t u p s o r a hig h d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; se tt in g up m a c h i n e t o o l o r t o o l s ( e . g . , in s t a l l cu ttin g t o o l s and a d ju s t g u i d e s , s t o p s , w o r k i n g t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n t r o l s to h an d le the s i z e o f s t o c k to b e m a c h i n e d ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n s e q u e n c e o r s e l e c t t h o s e p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w i n g s , b l u e p r i n t s , o r l a y o u t s ) ; u sin g a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s t r u m e n t s ; m a k in g n e c e s s a r y a d j u s t m e n t s d u rin g m a c h i n i n g o p e r a t i o n t o a c h i e v e r e q u i s i t e d i m e n s i o n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y be r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t p r o p e r c o o l a n t s and cu tt in g and lu b r i c a t i n g o i l s , t o r e c o g n i z e w h e n t o o l s n e e d d r e s s i n g , and to d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at the s k i l l l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in t h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e s e x t e n s i v e k n o w l e d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d t h r o u g h c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b t r a i n in g and exp erience. F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , th is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n d o e s not i n c l u d e m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p l o y e d in t o o l and die jo b b i n g shops. T O O L A N D DIE M A K E R C o n s t r u c t s and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cu ttin g t o o l s , g a u g e s , o r m e t a l d i e s o r m o l d s u s e d in s h a p in g o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e t a l l i c m a teria l (e.g ., p la stic, p la ster, ru bber, glass). W ork ty pically in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and l a y in g out w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w i n g s , o r o t h e r w r i t t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; u n d e r s t a n d i n g the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f co m m o n m etals and a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and M ILLW RIG H T I n s t a l l s n e w m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t , and d i s m a n t l e s and i n s t a l l s m a c h i n e s o r h e a v y e q u i p m e n t w h e n c h a n g e s in the plant l a y o u t a r e req u ired . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y i n g out 25 T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R — C o n tin u e d S H IP P E R AN D R E C E IV E R p r o c e s s e s r e q u ir e d to com p le te ta sk s ; m aking n e c e s s a r y shop com p u ta tion s; setting up and op era tin g v a riou s m ach in e to o ls and r e la te d equipm ent; using v a riou s t o o l and die m a k e r 's handtools and p r e c is io n m e a su rin g in stru m en ts; w orking to v e r y c lo s e t o le r a n c e s ; h e a t-tre a tin g m eta l pa rts and fin ish ed to o ls and dies to a ch ieve r e q u ir e d q u a litie s; fitting and a s se m b lin g pa rts to p r e s c r ib e d t o le r a n c e s and a llo w a n ce s . In g e n e r a l, the to o l and die m a k e r 's w ork r e q u ir e s roun ded tra in in g in m a ch in e -s h o p and t o o lr o o m p r a c tic e usually a cq u ire d th rou gh fo r m a l a p p ren ticesh ip o r equivalent tra in in g and e x p e rie n c e . P e r fo r m s c le r ic a l and p h y s ic a l ta sk s in con n ection w ith shipping goods o f the estab lish m en t in w h ich em p lo y e d and r e c e iv in g in com in g sh ipm en ts. In p e r fo rm in g d a y -to -d a y , routine ta s k s , fo llo w s e sta b lis h e d g u id elin es. In handling unusual n onroutin e p r o b le m s , r e c e iv e s s p e c ific g u id ance fr o m s u p e rv iso r o r oth er o ffic ia l s . M ay d ir e c t and co o rd in a te the a c tiv itie s o f other w o rk e rs engaged in handling good s to be sh ipp ed o r being r e c e iv e d . F o r c r o s s -in d u s t r y w age study p u r p o s e s , th is c la s s ific a tio n does not in clude to o l and die m a k ers who (1) are em p loy ed in t o o l and die job bin g shops o r (2) p rod u ce fo rg in g dies (die s in k e r s ). STATIO N AR Y ENGINEER O p era tes and m aintains and m ay a lso su p e r v ise the op e ra tio n o f station a ry en gin es and equipm ent (m e ch a n ica l or e le c t r ic a l) to supply the estab lish m en t in w hich em p lo y e d w ith p o w e r, heat, r e fr ig e r a tio n , o r a i r con dition in g. W ork in v o lv e s : O peratin g and m aintaining equipm ent su ch as steam en g in e s, air c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a to r s , m o t o r s , tu r b in e s , ventilating and r e fr ig e r a tin g equ ipm ent, stea m b o ile r s and b o i le r - f e d w ater pum ps; m aking equipm ent r e p a ir s ; and keeping a r e c o r d o f op e ra tio n o f m a ch in e ry , te m p e ra tu re , and fu el con su m p tion . May a lso s u p e r v is e th ese o p e ra tio n s . Head o r c h ie f e n g in eers in esta b lish m en ts em p loyin g m o r e than one en gin eer are e x clu d e d . BO ILER TEN DER F ir e s sta tion a ry b o ile r s to fu rn ish the esta b lish m en t in w hich em p loyed w ith h eat, p o w e r, o r stea m . F eed s fu els to fir e by hand or op era tes a m e c h a n ica l sto k e r , g a s, o r o il b u r n e r ; and ch eck s w ater and safety v a lv e s . M ay clea n , o il, o r a s s is t in re p a ir in g b o i le r r o o m equipm ent. Material Movement and Custodial TRU CK DRIVER D riv e s a tru ck within a city or in d u stria l a rea to tra n sp o rt m a te r ia ls , m e r c h a n d is e , equ ipm ent, o r w o r k e r s betw een v a rio u s ty p es o f esta b lish m en ts su ch as: M anufacturing pla n ts, freig h t d e p o ts, w a r e h o u s e s , w h olesa le and r e ta il e s ta b lis h m e n ts, o r betw een r e ta il esta b lish m en ts and c u s t o m e r s ' h ou ses o r p la ce s o f b u s in e s s . M ay a lso loa d o r unload tru ck with or w ithout h e lp e r s , m ake m in or m e ch a n ica l r e p a ir s , and keep tru ck in good w ork in g o r d e r . S a le s ro u te and o v e r -t h e -r o a d d r iv e r s are e x clu d e d . F o r w age study p u r p o s e s , tr u c k d r iv e r s are c la s s ifie d by type and rated ca p a city o f tr u ck , as fo llo w s : T r u c k d r iv e r , light tru ck (stra ig h t tr u ck , under 1 V2 to n s , u su ally 4 w h e e ls) T r u c k d r iv e r , m ed iu m tru ck (stra igh t tr u ck , IV2 to 4 ton s in c lu s iv e , u su ally 6 w h e e ls) T r u c k d r iv e r , heavy tru ck (stra ig h t tr u ck , ov e r 4 to n s , usu ally 10 w h eels) T r u c k d r iv e r , t r a c t o r - t r a il e r Sh ippers ty p ica lly are r e s p o n s ib le fo r m o s t o f the fo llow in g : V e r ify in g that o r d e r s are a ccu ra te ly fille d b y co m p a rin g item s and qu an tities o f g oods gath ered fo r shipm ent against d ocu m en ts; in su rin g that shipm ents are p r o p e r ly packaged, iden tified w ith shipping in fo rm a tio n , and lo a d e d into tra n sp ortin g v e h ic le s ; p rep a rin g and keepin g r e c o r d s o f g ood s sh ip p ed , e .g ., m a n ife sts , b ills o f lading. R e c e iv e r s ty p ic a lly are r e s p o n s ib le fo r m o s t o f the follow in g : V e rify in g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f in com in g sh ipm ents by com p a rin g ite m s and quantities unloaded against b ills o f la d in g, in v o ic e s , m a n ife s ts , sto ra g e r e c e ip t s , o r oth er r e c o r d s ; ch eck in g fo r dam aged g o o d s ; in su rin g that g oods are a p p rop ria tely id en tified fo r rou tin g to d epa rtm en ts w ithin the esta b lish m en t; p rep a rin g and keeping r e c o r d s o f g ood s r e c e iv e d . F o r wage study p u rp o s e s , w o r k e r s a re c la s s ifie d as fo llo w s : Shipper R e c e iv e r Shipper and r e c e iv e r WAREHOUSEMAN As d ir e c te d , p e r fo r m s a v a r ie ty o f w a reh ou sin g duties w hich r e q u ire an understanding o f the e sta b lis h m e n t's s to ra g e p la n . W ork in v o lv e s m ost o f the follow in g : V e rify in g m a te r ia ls (or m e r c h a n d is e ) against r e c e iv in g d ocu m en ts, noting and rep ortin g d is c r e p a n c ie s and ob v iou s d a m a g es; routing m a te r ia ls to p r e s c r ib e d stora g e lo c a t io n s ; s to r in g , sta ck in g , o r p a lletizin g m a te r ia ls in a cco rd a n ce w ith p r e s c r ib e d s to ra g e m eth od s; r e a r ra n g in g and taking in ven tory o f sto re d m a te r ia ls ; exam in in g s to r e d m a te r ia ls and r e portin g d e te rio ra tio n and dam age; r e m o v in g m a te r ia l fr o m s to ra g e and p rep a rin g it for shipm ent. May o p e ra te hand o r p ow er tr u ck s in p e r fo rm in g w areh ou sin g duties. E xclude w o rk e rs w hose p r im a r y duties in v olv e sh ipping and r e ceiv in g w ork (see Shipper and R e c e iv e r and Shipping P a c k e r ), o r d e r fillin g (se e O rd e r F ille r ), or operating p ow er tr u ck s (s e e P o w e r -T r u c k O p e ra to r ). O RDER F IL L E R F ills shipping or tr a n s fe r o r d e r s fo r fin ish ed g ood s fr o m s t o r e d m e rch a n d ise in a cco rd a n ce with s p e c ific a tio n s on sa le s s lip s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r other in stru ctio n s. M ay, in addition to fillin g o r d e r s and in dicatin g item s fille d o r om itted , k eep r e c o r d s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , re q u isitio n additional stock o r re p o rt sh ort su p p lies to s u p e r v is o r , and p e r fo r m oth er re la te d duties. S H IP P IN G P A C K E R G U A R D — C o n tin u e d P r e p a r e s f i n i s h e d p r o d u c t s f o r s h ip m e n t o r s t o r a g e b y p l a c i n g t h e m in s h ip p in g c o n t a i n e r s , th e s p e c i f i c o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d b e i n g d e p e n d e n t upon the t y p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f units to b e p a c k e d , th e t y p e o f c o n t a i n e r e m p l o y e d , and m e t h o d o f s h i p m e n t . W o r k r e q u i r e s th e p l a c i n g o f i t e m s in s h i p p i n g c o n t a i n e r s and m a y i n v o l v e o n e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f v a r i o u s i t e m s o f s t o c k in o r d e r t o v e r i f y co n te n t; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e t y p e and s i z e o f c o n t a i n e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in c o n t a i n e r ; u sin g e x c e l s i o r o r o t h e r m a t e r i a l t o p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c l o s i n g and s e a l i n g c o n t a i n e r ; and a p p l y i n g l a b e l s o r e n t e r i n g id e n t i f y in g data o n c o n t a i n e r . P a c k e r s who a ls o m a k e w o o d e n b o x e s o r c r a te s are e x c lu d e d . f o o t o r b y m o t o r v e h i c l e , o r e s c o r t i n g p e r s o n s o r p r o p e r t y . M ay b e d e p u t iz e d to m a k e a r r e s t s . M a y a l s o h e lp v i s i t o r s and c u s t o m e r s b y a n s w e r i n g q u e s t i o n s and g iv i n g d i r e c t i o n s . M A T E R I A L H AN DLIN G L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p la n t, s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t w h o s e d u tie s i n v o l v e on e o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : L o a d i n g and u n lo a d in g v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e on o r f r o m f r e i g h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r t r a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; u n p a ck in g , s h e l v i n g , o r p l a c i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n ; and t r a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r ia ls o r m e r c h a n d is e by handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e lb a r r o w . Longshore w o r k e r s , w h o l o a d and u n lo a d s h i p s , a r e e x c l u d e d . P O W E R -T R U C K O P E R A T O R O p e ra te s a m an ually co n tro lle d g a s o lin e - or e le c t r i c - p o w e r e d truck o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t g o o d s and m a t e r i a l s o f a ll kin ds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa ctu rin g plan t, o r oth er esta b lish m en t. F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e t r u c k , as f o l l o w s : c l a s s i f i e d b y ty p e o f p o w e r - F ork lift o p e r a to r P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r th an f o r k l i f t ) GUARD or P r o t e c t s p r o p e r t y f r o m th eft o r d a m a g e , o r p e r s o n s f r o m h a z a r d s in te rfe re n ce . D u t ie s i n v o l v e s e r v i n g at a f i x e d p o s t , m a k i n g r o u n d s on Guards e m p lo y e d by esta b lish m en ts w hich p rov id e protectiv e v i c e s on a c o n t r a c t b a s i s a r e i n c l u d e d in t h is o c c u p a t i o n . ser F o r w a g e stu dy p u r p o s e s , g u a r d s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : C lass A . E n f o r c e s r e g u l a t i o n s d e s i g n e d to p r e v e n t b r e a c h e s o f secu rity. E x e r c i s e s ju d g m e n t and u s e s d i s c r e t i o n in d e a lin g w ith e m e r gen cies and s e c u r i t y v i o l a t i o n s e n c o u n t e r e d . D e te rm in e s whether firs t r e s p o n s e s h o u ld be t o i n t e r v e n e d i r e c t l y ( a s k in g f o r a s s i s t a n c e w hen d e e m e d n e c e s s a r y and t i m e a l l o w s ) , to k e e p s itu a tio n u n d e r s u r v e i l l a n c e , o r t o r e p o r t s it u a t io n s o th at it c a n b e h a n d le d b y a p p r o p r i a t e a u t h o r ity . Dut ies r e q u i r e s p e c i a l i z e d t r a i n i n g in m e t h o d s and t e c h n i q u e s o f p r o t e c t i n g s e c u r i t y a r e a s . C o m m o n l y , the g u a r d is r e q u i r e d t o d e m o n s t r a t e co n tin uin g p h y s i c a l f i t n e s s and p r o f i c i e n c y w ith f i r e a r m s o r o t h e r s p e c i a l w e a p o n s . C lass B . C a r r i e s out i n s t r u c t i o n s p r i m a r i l y o r i e n t e d t o w a r d i n s u r i n g that e m e r g e n c i e s and s e c u r i t y v i o l a t i o n s are rea dily d is c o v e r e d and r e p o r t e d t o a p p r o p r i a t e a u t h o r it y . I n t e r v e n e s d i r e c t l y o n ly in s it u a t io n s w h i c h r e q u i r e m i n i m a l a c t i o n t o s a f e g u a r d p r o p e r t y o r p e r s o n s . D utie s r e q u i r e m i n i m a l t r a i n i n g . C o m m o n l y , th e g u a r d is not r e q u i r e d to d e m o n s tra te p h y s ic a l fitn e s s. M a y b e a r m e d , but g e n e r a l l y is not r e q u i r e d t o d e m o n s t r a t e p r o f i c i e n c y in the u s e o f f i r e a r m s o r s p e c i a l weapons. J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R C le a n s and k e e p s in an o r d e r l y c o n d i t i o n f a c t o r y w o r k i n g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r t m e n t h o u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t . D u tie s i n v o l v e a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the f o l l o w i n g : S w e e p i n g , m o p p i n g o r s c r u b b i n g , and p o l i s h i n g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g c h i p s , t r a s h , and o t h e r r e f u s e ; d u s tin g e q u i p m e n t , f u r n i t u r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o l i s h i n g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g s u p p l i e s and m i n o r m a i n t e n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c le a n in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s w h o s p e c i a l i z e in w in d o w w ashing a re e x c lu d e d . Service Contract Act Surveys The follow in g a r e a s a r e s u r v ey ed p e r io d ic a lly f o r u se in a d m in is te rin g the S e r v ic e C o n tra ct A c t o f 1965. S u rvey r e s u lts a r e p u b lish ed in r e le a s e s w h ich a r e a v a ila b le, at no c o s t, w h ile su p p lies la st fr o m any o f the BLS r e g io n a l o ffic e s shown on the b a ck c o v e r . A la sk a (sta tew id e) A lban y, Ga. A lbu qu erq u e, N. M ex. A lexa n d ria ^ L e e s v ille , La. A lpena—S ta n d ish -T a w a s C ity, M ich. Ann A r b o r , M ich . A s h e v ille , N .C. A ugusta, Ga.—S .C . A u stin , T ex. B a k e rs fie ld , C a lif. Baton R ou ge, La. B attle C reek , M ich . Beaum ont—P o r t A r th u r-O ra n g e and Lake C h a r le s , T e x .—La. B ilo x i—G u lfp ort and P a s ca g o u la ^ M o ss P oin t, M iss . Bingham ton, N. Y. B irm in g h am , A la . B loom in gton —V in cen n es, Ind. B r e m e r to n —Shelton, W ash. B ru n sw ick , Ga. C ed a r R a pids, Iowa Cham paign—Urbana—R antoul, 111. C h a rleston —N orth C h a rle s to n — W a lte rb o ro , S .C . C h a rlotte—G aston ia, N .C. C la r k s v ille -H o p k in s v ille , T enn.—Ky. C olu m bia—S u m ter, S.C . C olu m bu s, Ga.—A la . C olu m bu s, M is s . C on n ecticu t (statew id e) D eca tu r, 111. D es M oin es, Iow a Dothan, A la. D u lu th -S u p erior, M inn.—W is. E l P a s o —A la m o g o r d o —Las C r u c e s , T ex .—N. M ex. E ugene—S p rin g field —M ed ford , O reg . F a y e tte v ille , N .C. F o r t L a u d erd a le—H olly w ood and W est P a lm B ea ch — B o c a Raton, F la . F o r t Sm ith, A r k .—O kla. F o r t W ayne, Ind. G adsden and A n n iston, A la. G o ld s b o r o , N .C. G rand Island—H a stin gs, N ebr. Guam , T e r r it o r y o f H a r r isb u r g —Lebanon, Pa. K n ox v ille, Tenn. La C r o s s e —Sparta, W is. L a r e d o , T ex. Las V eg as—Tonopah, Nev. L exin gton —F a y ette, Ky. L im a , Ohio L ittle R ock —N orth L ittle R ock , A rk . L o r a in —E ly r ia , Ohio L o w e r E a ste rn S h ore, M d.—Va.—D el. M acon , Ga. M a dison , W is. M aine (statew id e) M a n sfield , Ohio M cA lle n —P h a ri^ E d in b u rg and B r o w n s v ille —H arlin gen — San B en ito, T ex. M erid ia n , M iss . M id d le s e x , M onm outh, and O cea n C ou n ties, N. J. M o b ile —P en sa cola ^ P a n a m a C ity, A la .—F la . M ontana (sta tew id e) N a sh v ille—D av id son , Tenn. New B ern —J a ck s o n v ille , N .C. New H a m p sh ire (sta tew id e) N orth D akota (sta tew id e) N orth ern New Y ork N orth w est T e x a s O rla n do, F la . O xnard—S im i V a lley ^ V en tu ra , C a lif. P e o r ia , HI. P h oen ix , A r iz . P in e B luff, A rk . P u eb lo, C o lo . P u e rto R ic o R a leig h —D urham , N .C. R en o, Nev. R iv e r s id e —San B ern ardin o— O ntario, C a lif. Salina, Kans. S alin as—S ea side—M on terey, C a lif. Sandusky, Ohio Santa B a rb a ra —Santa M aria— L o m p o c, C alif. Savannah, Ga. Selm a, A la. S h erm an —D enison , T ex. S h rev ep ort, La. South Dakota (statew ide) Sou th eastern M assach u setts Southern Idaho Southw est V irg in ia Spokane, Wash. S p rin g field , 111. Stockton, C alif. T a co m a , Wash. Tam pa—St. P e te rsb u rg , Fla. T opeka, Kans. T u cs o n —D ouglas, A r iz . T u lsa , Okla. U pper P en in su la, M ich. V a lle jo —F a ir fie ld —Napa, C a lif. V erm on t (statew ide) V irg in Islands o f the U.S. W aco and K illeen —T em p le, Tex. W a terloo—C eda r F a lls , Iowa W est V irg in ia (statew ide) W estern and N orthern M a ssa ch u setts W ichita F a lls —L aw ton-A ltu s, T ex.—Okla. Yakim a—Richland—Kennew ick— P en dleton , Wash.—O reg. A L S O A V A IL A B L E — An annual r e p o r t on s a la r ie s fo r accou n ta n ts, a u d itors, c h ie f a c c o u n t ants, a ttorn ey s, jo b a n a ly sts, d i r e c t o r s o f p e r so n n e l, b u y e rs , c h e m is ts , e n g in e e r s , en gin eerin g te ch n icia n s , d r a fte r s , a n d c l e r i c a l e m p lo y e e s is a v a ila b le . O rd e r as BLS B u lle tin 2 0 0 4 , N ational S u rvey o f P r o fe s s io n a l, A d m in istra tiv e , T e c h n ic a l and C l e r ic a l P ay, M a r c h 1 9 7 8 , $ 2 . 4 0 a cop y , fr o m any o f the BLS r e g ion a l s a le s o ffic e s show n on the b a ck c o v e r , o r fr o m the S u p e r in tendent o f D ocu m en ts, U.S. G o v e r n m ent P rin tin g O ffice , W ashington, D .C . 2 0 4 02 . Area Wage Surveys A l i s t o f th e l a t e s t b u l l e t i n s a v a i l a b l e is p r e s e n t e d b e l o w . B u l l e t i n s a n y o f th e B L S r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s s h o w n on the b a c k c o v e r , o r f r o m th e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f fic e , W ash ington, D .C . 20402. M a k e c h e c k s p a y a b le to S u p e r i n t e n d e n t o f D ocu m en ts. A d i r e c t o r y o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s , c o v e r i n g the y e a r s 1970 t h r o u g h 1977, is a v a i l a b l e o n r e q u e s t . m ay be p u r c h a s e d f r o m A rea A k ro n , O hio, D e c . 1978 _______________________________________ A lban y —S ch e n e cta d y —T r o y , N. Y ., Sept. 1978 1_______________ A n a h eim —Santa A n a -G a r d e n G ro v e , C a lif., O ct. 1978 1 ____________________________________________ A tlan ta, G a., M ay 1978 1 _____________________________________ B a ltim o r e , M d ., A ug. 1978 1 __________________________________ B illin g s , M on t., July 1 9 7 8 ____________________________________ B irm in g h a m , A la ., M ar. 1 9 7 8 ________________________________ B oston , M a s s ., Aug. 1 9 7 8 '__________________________________ B u ffa lo, N .Y ., O ct. 1 9 7 8 1_____________________________________ C anton, O hio, M ay 1 9 7 8 ______________________________________ C h attanooga, T e n n .-G a ., Sept. 1978 1________________________ C h ic a g o , 111., M ay 1978 _______________________________________ C in cin n a ti, O hio—K y.—In d ., July 1 9 7 8 ________________________ C le v e la n d , O hio, Sept. 1 9 7 8 ___________________________________ C olu m b u s, O hio, O ct. 1 9 7 8 1 __________________________________ C o rp u s C h r is ti, T e x ., July 1 9 7 8 _____________________________ D a ll a s - F o r t W orth , T e x ., O ct. 1978 1________________________ D aven port—R o c k Island—M olin e, Iowa—111., F eb. 19 78______ D ayton, O hio, D e c. 1978 ______________________________________ D aytona B ea ch , F la ., A ug. 1978 _____________________________ D e n v e n -B o u ld e r , C o lo ., D e c. 1 9 7 8 ___________________________ D e tr o it, M ich ., M ar. 1 9 7 8 ___________________________________ ._ F r e s n o , C a lif., June 1978 1___________________________________ G a in e s v ille , F la ., Sept. 1978 _________________________________ G ary—H a m m o n d -E a st C h ic a g o , Ind., Aug. 1979 1___________ G re e n B ay, W is ., July 1 9 7 8 1 _________________________________ G r e e n s b o r o —W in s to n -S a le m —High P oint, N .C ., A ug. 1 9 7 8 _______________________________________________ G r e e n v ille —S p artan bu rg, S .C ., June 1978 ___________________ H a r tfo r d , C on n ., M a r. 1 9 7 8 1 _________________________________ H ou ston , T e x ., A p r . 1 9 7 8 _____________________________________ H u n tsv ille, A la ., F e b . 1979 ___________________________________ In d ia n a p olis, Ind., O ct. 1 9 7 8 1 ________________________________ J a ck son , M is s ., Jan. 1 9 7 8 ____________________________________ J a c k s o n v ille , F la ., D e c. 1978 ________________________________ K an sas C ity , M o .-K a n s ., Sept. 1 9 7 8 _________________________ L o s A n g e le s —Long B ea ch , C a lif., O ct. 1978 1 _______________ L o u is v ille , K y .-In d ., N ov. 1 9 7 8 ______________________________ M em p h is, Ten n.—A r k .—M i s s . , N ov. 1978 ____________________ B u lletin n u m ber and p r i c e * 2 0 2 5 -6 3 , $ 1 .0 0 2 0 25 -58, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 2 5 -6 5 , $ 1 .3 0 2 0 2 5 -2 8 , $ 1 .4 0 2 0 25 -50, $ 1 .5 0 2 0 25 -38, $ 1 .0 0 2 0 25 -15, 80 cen ts 2 0 25 -43, $ 1 .5 0 2 0 2 5 -7 1 , $ 1 .3 0 2 0 25 -22, 70 cen ts 2 0 2 5 -5 1 , $ 1 .2 0 2 0 2 5 -3 2 , $ 1 .3 0 2 0 25 -39, $ 1 .1 0 2 0 2 5 -4 9 , $ 1 .3 0 2 0 2 5 -5 9 , $ 1 .5 0 20 2 5 -2 9 , $ 1 .0 0 2 0 25 -52, $ 1 .5 0 20 25 -6, 70 cen ts 2 0 25 -66, $ 1.00 2 0 25 -48, $ 1 .0 0 2 0 25 -68, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 25 -11, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 25 -31, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 25 -45, $ 1 .0 0 (To be surveyed) 2 0 25 -41, $ 1 .2 0 2 0 25 -46, 2 0 25 -30, 2 0 25 -14, 2 0 25 -23, 2 0 5 0 -3 , 20 2 5 -5 7 , 2 0 25 -1, 20 2 5 -6 7 , 2 0 2 5 -5 3 , 2 0 25 -61, 2 0 2 5 -6 9 , 2 0 25 -62, $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .5 0 70 cents $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1 .0 0 A rea M iam i, F la ., O ct. 1 9 7 8 1_______________________________________ M ilw aukee, W is., A p r. 1978 1_________________________________ M in n ea p olis—St. Paul, M inn.—W is., Jan. 1979_______________ N assau—Suffolk, N. Y ., June 1978 1____________________________ N ew ark, N .J., Jan. 1978 1_____________________________________ New O rlea n s, L a., Jan. 1979 1________________________________ New Y ork, N .Y .-N .J ., M a y l 9 7 8 ‘ ____________________________ N orfolk —V irg in ia B each—P ortsm ou th , Va.— N .C ., M ay 1978 _______________________________________________ N orfolk —V irg in ia B each —P ortsm ou th and N ew port New s—Ham pton, Va.—N .C ., M ay 19 7 8 ______________ N orth east P en n sylva n ia , Aug. 1978 __________________________ O klahom a C ity, O kla., Aug. 19 78_____________________________ Omaha, N eb r.—Iowa, Oct. 19 78_______________________________ P a te rs o n —C lifton —P a s s a ic , N .J., June 1 9 7 8 *________________ P h ila d elp h ia , P a .-N .J ., Nov. 1978 ___________________________ P ittsb u rg h , P a ., Jan. 1978 ____________________________________ P ortla n d , M aine, D ec. 1978 1 _________________________________ P ortla n d , O re g .—W ash., M ay 1978 ___________________________ P ou g h k eep sie, N .Y ., J u n e l 9 7 8 * _____________________________ P ou g h k eep sie—K ingston—N ewburgh, N. Y., June 1 9 7 8 * _____ P r o v id e n c e —W arw ick—P aw tucket, R .I.— M a s s ., June 19 7 8 _____________________________________________ R ich m on d, V a., June 19 7 8 ____________________________________ St. L ou is, M o.—111., M ar. 1978 _______________________________ S a cra m en to, C a lif., D ec. 1977 1___________________ ___________ Saginaw, M ich ., Nov. 1978 ___________________________________ Salt Lake City^O gden, Utah, Nov. 1978 1 ____________________ San A n ton io, T e x ., M ay 1978 _________________________________ San D iego, C a lif., Nov. 19 7 8 __________________________________ San F r a n cis c o -O a k la n d , C a lif., M ar. 1 9 7 8 * __________________ San J ose, C a lif., M ar. 1978 1 _________________________________ Seattle—E v erett, W ash., D ec. 19 78___________________________ South Bend, Ind., Aug. 19 78___________________________________ T o le d o , O h io -M ic h ., M ay 1 9 7 8 1 _____________________________ T ren ton , N .J., Sept. 1978 1 ___________________________________ U tic a -R o m e , N. Y ., July 197 8 _________________________________ W ashington, D .C .- M d .- V a ., M ar. 1 9 7 8 1_____________________ W ich ita, K ans., A p r. 19 78____________________________________ W o r c e s te r , M a ss ., A p r. 1978 1_______________________________ Y ork, P a ., F eb. 1 9 7 8 1_________________________________________ B u lle tin n u m b e r and p r i c e * 20 25 -60, 2025-18, 2050 -1, 2025-33, 2025 -7, 20 50 -2, 2025-35, $ 1 .3 0 $ 1 .4 0 $1 .3 0 $1 .3 0 $1 .4 0 $1 .3 0 $ 1 .5 0 20 25 -20, 70 cents 2025-21, 20 25 -47, 2 0 2 5 -4 0 , 20 25 -56, 2025-36, 2025-54, 2025 -3, 2 0 25 -70, 20 25 -25, 20 25-37, 20 25-42, 80 cents $ 1.00 $ 1 .0 0 $ 1.00 $1 .2 0 $1 .3 0 $1 .1 0 $ 1 .2 0 $1 .0 0 $1 .1 0 $1 .2 0 2025-27, $ 1 .4 0 2025-26, 80 cents 2025-13, $ 1 .2 0 1950-72, $ 1 .0 0 2025-64, $ 1 .0 0 20 25 -72, $1 .3 0 2025-17, 70 cents 2025-73,. $1 .0 0 2025-10, $ 1 .4 0 20 25 -9, $ 1 .2 0 20 25 -74, $ 1.00 2025-44, $1 .0 0 20 25 -24, $1 .2 0 2025-55, $1 .2 0 20 25 -34, $ 1 .0 0 2025-12, $1 .40 2025-16, 80 cents 2025-19, $ 1 .1 0 2025-8, $1 .10 Prices are determ ined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change. Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region II Region 111 Region IV 1603 JF K Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (Are aC ode 617) Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N Y. 10036 Phone 399-5406 (Area Code 212) 3535 Market Street, P O Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 596-1154 (A reaC ode215) Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., N.E. 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