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A C?< ' Area Wage Survey y Huntsville, Alabama, Metropolitan Area, February 1977 ° Bulletin 1950- 4 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics * ^ <b a? J ' jr$ * vV < ? o °' & Preface T h i s b u lle tin p r o v i d e s r e s u l t s o f a F e b r u a r y 1977 s u r v e y o f o c c u pational e a r n in g s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e b e n e f i t s in the H u n ts v i l l e , A l a b a m a , Standard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a . T h e s u r v e y w as m a d e as p a r t of the B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s ' annual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m . It w as con du ct ed by the B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e in A tla n ta, G a . , un der the g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f J e r r y G. A d a m s , A s s i s t a n t R e g i o n a l C o m m i s s i o n e r f o r O p e ra tio n s . T h e s u r v e y could not ha ve b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d without the c o o p e r a t i o n o f the m a n y f i r m s w h o s e w a g e and s a l a r y data p r o v i d e d the b as is f o r the s t a t i s t i c a l i n f o r m a t i o n in this b ulle tin. T h e B u re au w i s h e s to e x p r e s s s i n c e r e a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r the c o o p e r a t i o n r e c e i v e d . M a t e r i a l in this p u b lic a tio n is in the public d om a in and m a y be r e p r o d u c e d with out p e r m i s s i o n of the F e d e r a l G o v e r n m e n t. P le a s e credit the B u re au public ation. of Labor Statistics and c ite the nam e and nu mber of this Note: A v a i l a b l e f o r the H u n ts v i l l e a r e a a r e l i s t i n g s o f union w a g e r ate s f o r building t r a d e s , p rin tin g t r a d e s , l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p l o y e e s , l o c a l t r u c k d r i v e r s and h e l p e r s , and g r o c e r y s t o r e e m p l o y e e s . F r e e c o p ie s of t h e s e a r e a v a i l a b l e f r o m the B u r e a u 's r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s . (See bac k c o v e r for a d d resses.) Area Wage Survey Huntsville, Alabama, Metropolitan Area, February 1977 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner April 1977 C o n te n ts Bulletin 1950-4 For sale by the Superintendent of Ddcumerits, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. Price $1.60. Page Page I n tr o d u c tio n ------------------------------------------------------- 2 B -4. T ab les: B -5. A. B -6. E a r n in g s , all e s tab lishm en ts: A - l . W e e k l y e arnings of o f f i c e w o r k e r s -------------------------------------A - 2 . W e e k l y earnings of p r o f e s sional and te chn ical w o r k e r s ------ 5 A - 3 . A v e r a g e w e e k l y earnings of o f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , and te chnic al w o r k e r s , by s e x --------A - 4 . H o u rly e arnings of m a i n t e nance, to o lr o o m , and p ow e rp lan t w o r k e r s -------------------A - 5 . H o u r l y e arning s of m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and custodial w o r k e r s -------------------------------------A - 6 , A v e r a g e h o u r l y e arnings of m ainte nance, to o lr o o m , powerplant, m a t e r i a l m o v e ment, and custo dial w o r k e r s , A-7. B. 3 B-7. Ap p end ix A . Ap p end ix B. 6 7 8 P e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s in a v e r a g e hourly ear nings, adjusted f o r e m p lo ym e n t shifts, f o r s e le c te d occupational g r o u p s ----------10 E s tab lis h m en t p r a c t i c e s and sup p le m e n t a r y w ag e p r o v i s i o n s : B -l. M in im u m entran ce s a l a r i e s f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d typists and c l e r k s ----------------------------------- 11 B - 2 , L a t e - s h i f t pay p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e manufactu ring plant w o r k e r s -------------------------------12 B - 3 . Scheduled w e e k l y ho ur s and days o f f u l l - t i m e f i r s t - s h i f t w o rk e r s -------------------------------------- 13 Annual paid h o lid ays f o r f u l l tim e w o r k e r s ------------------------------- 14 P a id vacatio n p r o v i s i o n s f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s -------------------------15 Health, insurance, and pension plans f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s ----------17 L i f e in s u ran ce plans f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s ------------------------ 18 Scope and method of s u r v e y ------------ 21 O ccupation al d e s c r i p t i o n s -------------- 26 Introduction T h i s a r e a is 1 o f 74 in wh ic h the U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s conducts s u r v e y s o f oc cup ational e a r n in g s and r e la te d b e n e f its . (S e e l i s t o f a r e a s on in s id e b ack c o v e r . ) In e ach a r e a , o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s data ( A - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e c o l l e c t e d annually. In for m a ti o n on e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta r y w a g e b e n e f its ( B s e r i e s t a b l e s ) is obta ined e v e r y t h ird y e a r . T a b l e A - 7 p r o v i d e s p e r c e n t changes in a v e r a g e ho u r ly e a r n in g s of o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s , i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , s k i l l e d m a in te n a n c e t r a d e s w o r k e r s , and u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s . W h e r e p o s s i b l e , data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l in d u s tr i e s and f o r m anufactu rin g and no nm anufa cturing s e p a r a t e l y . Data a r e not p r e s e n t e d f o r s k i l l e d m a i n te nance w o r k e r s in no nm anufa cturing b e c a u s e the n u m b er of w o r k e r s e m p lo y e d in this oc c u p atio n al group in nonm anu fa cturing is to o s m a l l to w a r r a n t s e p a r a t e p re s e n ta tio n . T h is ta b le p r o v i d e s a m e a s u r e o f w a g e tr e n d s a f t e r ' e l i m i n a t i o n of changes in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s cau s e d b y e m p l o y m e n t shifts a m on g e s ta b l i s h m e n ts as w e l l as t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts in clu d ed in s u r v e y s a m p le s . F o r f u r t h e r d e t a i l s , s e e ap p end ix A. E a c h y e a r a f t e r a l l in d iv id ual a r e a w a g e s u r v e y s ha ve b e e n c o m p le te d , tw o s u m m a r y b ull etin s a r e is sued. T h e f i r s t b rin g s t o g e t h e r data f o r e a c h m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s u r v e y e d ; the se co n d p r e s e n ts nation al and r e g io n a l e s t i m a t e s , p r o j e c t e d f r o m in d iv id u al m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a data, f o r a l l Standard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a s in the Unite d St ate s, e xclud in g A l a s k a and H aw a ii. B - s e r i e s ta b les A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the a r e a w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m is the need to d e s c r i b e the l e v e l and m o v e m e n t of w a g e s in a v a r i e t y o f l a b o r m a r k e t s , th rough the a n a l y s i s of (1 ) the l e v e l and d i s tr i b u t i o n o f w a g e s by occupation, and (2) the m o v e m e n t o f w a g e s b y occup atio nal c a t e g o r y and s k ill l e v e l . T h e p r o g r a m d e v e l o p s i n f o r m a t i o n that m a y be used f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s , including w a g e and s a l a r y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g , and a s s i s ta n c e in d e t e r m i n i n g plant lo c a t io n . S u r v e y r e s u l t s a l s o a r e used by the U.S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to m a k e w a g e d e t e r m i n a t i o n s un der the S e r v i c e C o n t r a c t A c t o f 1965. A -s e rie s T h e B - s e r i e s ta b le s p r e s e n t i n f o r m a t i o n on m i n i m u m e n tr a n ce s a l a r i e s f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d t y p is t s and c l e r k s ; l a t e - s h i f t pay p r o v i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s f o r plant w o r k e r s in m an u fac tu rin g; and data s e p a r a t e l y f o r plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s on sched ule d w e e k l y ho ur s and days o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s ; paid h o l i d a y s ; paid v a c a ti o n s ; health, in s u r a n c e , and p e n s ion plans; and m o r e d e t a i l e d i n f o r m a t i o n on l i f e in s u r a n c e plans. A p p e n d ix e s A p p e n d ix A d e s c r i b e s the m ethod s and con ce p ts used in the a r e a wage survey program . It p r o v i d e s i n f o r m a t i o n on the sc op e o f the a r e a s u r v e y , on the a r e a ' s in d u s t r i a l c o m p o s i t i o n in m a n u fa c tu rin g , and on lab or-m an agem en t agreem en t covera ge. ta b le s T a b l e s A - l th rough A - 6 p r o v i d e e s t i m a t e s o f s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k l y o r h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in occupations c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y of m a n u fa c tu rin g and nonm anu fa cturin g in d u s tr ie s . F o r the 31 l a r g e s t s u r v e y a r e a s , ta b le s A - 8 th ro ugh A - 13 p r o v i d e s i m i l a r data f o r e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p l o y i n g 500 w o r k e r s o r m o r e . A p p e n d ix B p r o v i d e s job d e s c r i p t i o n s used b y B u re au o m i s ts to c l a s s i f y w o r k e r s by occup ation. 2 field econ A. Earnings Table A-1. W e e k ly earnings of o ffic e w o rkers in H u n tsv ille , A la ., February 1977 W eek ly earnings 1 (standard)______ N um ber o f w o rk e rs re c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e w eek ly earn in gs o f— s A vera ge w eekly hours 1 (standard) Occupation and industry division 8o 90 s 100 s and under 90 ALU s 100 no 110 $ 120 “ *" 120 130 s 130 s 1*0 5 150 I 160 s 170 s 180 I4Q 150 16p 170 18Q 19Q 200 14 $ 178 52 126 40.0 192.00 180.50 1 6 0 .0 0 40.0 195.00 173.00 1 4 8 .5 0 40.0 190.50 184.00 1 6 3 .5 0 - 2 1 9 .5 0 2 42 .50 2 1 6 .0 0 12 9 3 4 6 20 26 14 23 2 11 25 6 8 17 SECRETARIESt CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING — 23 19 40.0 208.00 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 5 2 .0 0 40.0 202.50 2 0 0 . 0 0 1 5 5 .0 0 - 2 6 4 .0 0 2 6 2 .5 0 2 2 - 3 1 1 3 3 SECRETARIESt CLASS C M A N U F A C T U R I N G ------ nonm anufacturing ---- 56 2 4 2 .0 0 2 82 .00 2 3 9 .0 0 1 3 35 40.0 214.00 219.00 1 8 0 .0 0 40.0 214.50 189.50 1 5 0 .5 0 40.0 213.50 223.00 1 9 4 .0 0 - 1 2 SECRETARIES, CLASS D N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --- 61 49 40.0 173.50 174.00 1 6 1 .0 0 40.0 179.00 177.50 1 6 4 .0 0 - 189 .50 190 .00 13 13 15 40.0 156.50 163.00 1 5 3 .0 0 - 167 .50 39.5 175.50 190.00 1 4 0 .0 0 39.5 182.00 194.00 1 6 1 .0 0 - 2 0 4 .0 0 2 0 4 .0 0 39.0 167.50 182.00 1 3 6 .0 0 - 198 .00 CLASS 21 E S T E N O G R A P H E R S ---------------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G --STENOGRAPHERSt GENERAL STENOGRAPHERSt SENIOR NONMANUFACTURING — TYPISTS MANUFACTURING — NONMANUFACTURING 28 — 22 145 46 99 --- T Y P I S T S t C L A S S A -------N O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----FILE CLERKS SWITCHBOARD 19o WORKERS S E C R E T A R I E S -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G -----n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g --- SECRETARIESt s --------------OPERATORS SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSN O N M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K S -----M A N U F A C T U R I N G ----------n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g — ACCOUNTING CLERKSt CLASS M A N U F A C T U R I N G -------NONMANUFACTURING — A ACCOUNTING CLERKS, CLASS M A N U F A C T U R I N G ---------NONMANUFACTURING B PAYROLL CLERKS — MANUFACTURING 152 .50 113.50 159.50 84 51 40.0 148.50 145.00 112.50 ■170.50 39.5 162.50 159.50 146.50' •180.00 15 40.0 1 2 2 .0 0 106.00 103.50-143.00 28 26 1 16 40.0 138.50 123.00 118.00 ■177.00 39.5 124.00 118.00 118.00 •126.50 7 7 2 112 65 47 39.5 149.00 145.00 130.00 ■160.50 40.0 153.50 140.5C 115.00 •171.50 39.0 142.50 145.00 132.00 ■153.50 10 20 70 46 24 39.5 132.00 132.00 114.5040.0 133.00 132.00 110.5038.5 131.00 132.00 120.00- 150.00 155.00 150.00 31 26 40.0 139.50 132.00 126.50-158.00 40.0 137.50 132.00 125.00-133.50 30 19 30 6 1 11 12 12 9 40.0 109.50 107.00 103.0C-111.50 184.00 241.50 160.00 19 12 1 1 3 12 12 6 6 7 3 4 10 9 14 5 7 2 11 4 2 10 3 1 18 7 8 12 3 3 3 6 10 8 18 8 12 1 * W o rk e rs w e re at $ 300 to $ 320. 3 2 2 9 See footn otes at end o f tables. 19 3 12 11 2 16 40.0 176.50 160.00 145.0040.0 204.00 190.00 164.5040.0 154.00 148.00 145.00- 1 1 1 30 17 42 19 23 1 1 1 40.0 179.50 193.00 1 5 2 .0 0 2 0 5 .0 0 40.0 186.00 195.00 1 8 7 .5 0 - 2 0 5 .5 0 40.0 142.00 140.00 1 1 2 .5 0 40.0 122.50 108.00 1 0 6 . 0 0 40.0 151.00 150.00 1 3 7 . 0 0 - 9 11 11 4 1 1 4 4 1 1 1 7 6 14 s 200 210 s 210 220 $ 220 230 $ 230 240 s 240 250 s i 250 260 i s 26o 280 — — 280 300 and 300 o v e r Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977— Continued W eek ly earnings (standard) Occupation and in du stry d iv is io n of workers 1 w eekly (standard M ean * M edian * M idd le ranged Numbe r o f w o rk e rs re c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e w e e k ly earn in gs o f— S i ---------S S 1 S 1 S $ S S S 1 s * s S S S s $ 90 120 140 150 160 80 lo o 110 170 180 130 190 200 210 220 260 280 240 250 300 230 and under 90 100 110 120 130 140 ISO 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 1 - 7 2 21 3 10 5 12 1 5 4 1 8 - 1 - 1 1 1 1 - • - - - 2 2 - - 1 1 - • - 1 1 1 1 • - . • 2 2 - - • 1 1 - - - . - 260 280 300 over ALL WORKERS— CONTINUED KEYPUNCH OPERATORS-------------------- -----------MANUFACTURING---------- ------------ ------ -------- 70 20 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 $ 1 3 3 .5 0 1 4 9 .0 0 $ 1 2 6 .0 0 1 3 3 .5 0 $ $ 1 1 6 .0 0 - 1 4 0 .5 0 1 2 2 .0 0 - 1 5 5 .0 0 - 1 1 1 1 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS. CLASS B -------MANUFACTURING-------- ----------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------- — -------------- 45 17 28 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 5 1 .0 0 1 1 7 .5 0 1 1 8 .0 0 1 2 9 .5 0 1 1 6 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 - 1 2 9 .0 0 1 1 S .0 0 - 1 7 1 .5 0 1 1 0 .5 0 - 1 1 8 .0 0 _ - 1 1 21 3 18 6 2 4 See footn otes at end o f ta b les. 4 7 4 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 - - . . - Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 W eekly earnings (standard) Number Occupation and in du stry d ivis io n of 1 (standard) Numbe r o f w o rk e rs re c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e we ekly earning s o f— s s Average w eekly 90 Mean * M edian * M idd le range* s 100 $ s 120 no $ 130 $ 140 s 150 s 160 r$ s 170 180 $ 200 $ S S 220 240 260 $ S S 280 300 320 s s 340 360 % 380 and under 100 400 and 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 - 2 1 6 200, 220 240 260 280 16 10 15 9 300 320 340 360 380 6 11 6 8 4 6 i 4 2 4 i A 2 A * * 400 ove r ALL WORKERS $ $ $ 40.0 351.00 341.00 323.50-376.00 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYSTS COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS) ----- 94 4 0.0 2 5 9 . 5 0 248.00 209.50-296.50 40.0 287.50 256.50-341.50 1 - - - - - 5 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S )* 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (B U S IN E S S ). 37 234.50 1 \7 12 1 5 4 0.0 “ p N U t A v 1U “ INu "" NONMANWFACTURING ------------------ 25 57 DRAFTERS* CLASS A ELE CTRONICS TECHNICIANS, CLASS 0 — 51 40 0 40.0 173. 0 0 40.0 195. 0 0 1 6 0.00 200.00 152.00-177.00 166.0C-222.00 40.0 2 2 3 . 5 0 221.00 213.00-229.50 4 0.0 243.00 247.00 214.00-270.00 . See footnotes at end o f ta b les. 1 x 208.00-25l.00 5 10 1 8 1 7 2 10 7 6 5 i 15 7 8 3 2 1 n 1 10 1 3 9 2 i i 2 2 6 12 1 1 1 12 13 12 13 2 6 A 1 17 2 1 9 1 2 “ 2 * * * • * — * • • - * 5 7 6 18 6 Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 Average (m ean 2 ) A v e rage (m e a n 2 ) Sex, 5 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - Number of W eek ly hours * (standard W eekly earnings 1 (standard) WOMEN Sex, 3 o c c u p a tio n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of worken W eekly hours 1 (standard) W eek ly earnings1 (standard) A verage (m e a n 2 ) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry d ivis ion 4 0 .0 W eekly hours 1 standard) W eekly earnings 1 (standard) PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOMEN— CONTINUED 178 52 126 Number of worken 192.00 $ COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS (BUSINESS)9 28 40eC 190.50 SWITCHBOARO OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSNONnANUr AUTUKiNu " " " " 30 17 4 0 .0 3 9 .5 138.50 124.00 d.tNr\ o — $ 2 2 5 .5 0 32 NUNMANUr AC 1 U N ACCUUN 1 iN v . iN b *••••■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ " 65 2 14 .00 I s i l i o UHAr 11 K j * 76 • * * * * * * * " * ■ • " '•0 NONnANUr A v Iv K ltiu A 42 4 0 .0 176.50 ACCOUNT INO vLLKI> j f Cl»A«b«? o M AN U r A O l Uh lIN u * " • * * “ • " NONMANUFACTUPING 24 3 8 .5 131.00 70 4 0 .0 133.50 ACCOUNT INO CLuHI\5v 1 . • L. w t v la W J j CLAj j UN Ar 1 wHoi vLA b j A ■■ ■■"" * * " " " " " 22 2 2 3 .5 0 B ------- 51 2 4 3 .0 0 u n o n m a n u f a c t u r in g 156 .50 175.50 U H A r 1 tH b i ELECTRONICS UL A o j v •■ ••••• TECHNICIANS. CLASS PATRQLL vLLHM) m a n u f a c t u r in g 28 4 0 .0 • • • • • * - * * * * 179.50 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL U t U u r g 1iv n b jy p jr y r 142.00 122.50 148.50 M AN U r A O 1U K 1 N u L " —“ r ■ OeO F IIF CLERKS See footn otes at end o f tables. 6 • wvnen Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 Hourly earnings 4 Num ber o f w o rk e rs re ceivin g straight -tim e h ou rly earning s o f— S Occupation and industry d ivis ion of workers S 3.4 0 3 .6 0 Mean 2 M edian 2 M iddle range 2 S S 3 . 80 4 .0 0 S S $ s S s s 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 . 60 4 . 80 5 . 00 5 .2 0 5 .4 0 s s s I 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 S S S $ S S S 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 7 . 00 7.2 0 7.6 0 8 .00 8.4 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .6 0 6 .8 0 7.0 0 7 , 20 7 .6 0 8 .0 0 8 .40 8.8 0 * 25 25 $ 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 and under 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 . Of) 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 . 80 5 , 00 5 . 20 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 5 .8 0 6 .0 0 ALL WORKERS $ $ $ $ 3 3 2 2 4 4 12 11 6 6 * 6 6 3 3 30 29 16 16 - * 1 1 3 “ 4 4 • 4 * 1 I 23 5 6 3 • * ** 3 MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIANS ----------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 5 .9 7 5 .9 9 5 .6 9 5 .5 5 5 .3 2 - 6 .8 6 5 .1 4 - 6 .8 6 - - - * * * 5 5 3 63 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) MANUFACTURING ----------------- ------- ------- - no 105 5 .8 9 5 .8 9 5 .4 7 5 .4 7 5 .3 6 - 6 .7 6 5 .3 6 - 6 .7 6 - - * 1 1 _ * 8 8 MAINTENANCE MECHANICS ( M O T O R VEHICLES) ------------------- --------- — MANUFACTURING ----------------------------------- 50 18 5 .2 2 5.2 0 5 .2 8 5 .1 9 4 .9 9 - 5 .3 8 4 .6 1 - 5 .3 8 1 1 1 * 1 * STATIONARY ENGINEERS --------------------------- 15 6 .4 3 6 .7 6 5 .5 7 - 6*76 * * * 70 * 3 - - * * 4 - . * * ” * * 2 * * * 3 1 ' See fo o tn o te s at end o f ta b le s . 7 6 * - _ 34 34 - • - • - - - - 4 1 6 6 - - - - l 4 * 4 4 • - • - - - - - - - - - — 5 * * - “ 3 Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 Hourly earnings N Occupation and industry division * N u m ber o f w o rk e rs r e c e iv in g s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly earning S l of workers 2 .2 0 Mean 2 M ed ian 2 M iddle range 2 I 2 .4 0 S S 2 .6 0 2 .8 0 s 3 .0 0 S 3 .2 0 o f— s s S 1 S i S s S S S 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4 .6 0 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 . 20 5 .4 0 5 .6 0 t s 5 .8 0 T ------ T ~ 1 ------ T ~ " 6 .0 0 6 . 20 6 .4 0 6*-80 and under 2 .4 0 2 .6 0 2 .8 0 3 .0 0 3 .2 0 3 .4 0 3 .6 0 3 .8 0 4 .0 0 4 .2 0 4 .4 0 4*60 4 .8 0 5 .0 0 5 .2 0 5 . 40 5 .6 0 5 t 8fl 6 .0 0 6 .2 0 6 .4 0 6 .8 0 7 .2 0 ALL WORKERS 66 $ $ $ 4 .1 6 4 .1 3 2 .6 8 - 5 .1 9 $ 3 10 JJ 12 8 TRUCKDRIVERS* TRACTOR-TRAILER ----K H » u 1V u n 5 ■■ ■ 37 4 .1 7 4 .1 8 3 .6 6 - 4 .1 8 68 4 .8 0 4 .8 9 4 .3 1 - 5 .1 9 3 - 1 18 - - - 1 3 i - 3 ii J - 1 - 1 15 3 2 3 n 1 3 7 12 7 2 - 7 - - - - 1 1 1 4 - - - - - - - 3 «4 C 3*4 0 " aaBI1 1 1U* 3.3 j !)• J Jw J 3 .1 0 - C J (-J ' GUARDS* JANITORS. PORTERS. ANP CLEANERS ---- 53 ...CO 560 2 .7 3 JO* 2 .7 8 8 3*00 2 .4 7 - 2 .8 0 125 42 115 230 * 14 1J See fo o tn o te s a t end of ta b le s . 8 2 8 11 1 - Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 Sex, 3 N um ber of woikers occupation, and industry division A verage (m e an * ) h ou rly e a r n in g s 4 Sex, 3 occupation, and industry d ivision $ |u H A N v L A verage (m e a n ^ ) h ou rly e arn in gs 4 MA TE PI AL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED m a i n t e n a n c e , to o l r o o m , and P O WERPLANT OCCUP A T I O N S - MEN H N um ber of b k t v 1K X v l A I . TRUCKCRIVERS - CONTINUED 4> TRUCKDRIVERS, MAINTENANCE MECHANICS MAINTENANCE (MACH I N E R Y ) - no TRACTOR-TRAILER ------- 68 4.80 20 4.03 45 4.19 4.43 5.89 mechanics 18 5.20 M A N U r A v I v J K lN u M A ItKI AL HAN Ur M A NLIL I N b Ac. 1 U K i N O L A D u K tn j " " " * • • • • M A n U i A v 1U N I N u OCCUP A T I O N S - MEN GUARDS: 133 wA>> 1 T w h b i r U K | L K «i f n A N U r A v 1U K I N u See footnotes at end o f tables. 9 AND v L u A ritK i * " * * “ * — " " " Table A -7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for em plo ym ent shifts, for selected occupational groups in H untsville, A la ., for selected periods Industry and occupational group 5 F e b ru a ry 1972 F e b ru a ry 1973 F e b ru a ry 1974 F e b ru a ry 1975 F eb ru a ry 1976 to to to to to F e b ru a ry 1973 F e b ru a ry 1974 F e b ru a ry 1975 F e b ru a ry 1976 F e b ru a ry 1977 A ll industries: O ffic e c le r ic a l _ _ E lectron ic data p rocessin g Industrial nurses ________________ S killed m aintenance tra d es .... U nskilled plant w o r k e r s ____________________ 3.6 ( 6) ( 6) 4.8 3.8 7.4 ( 6) ( 6) 8.5 6.7 6.9 ( 6) ( 6) 8.0 12.1 7.6 ( 6) ( 6) 6.3 8.1 7.7 ( 6) ( 6) 8.9 2.8 Manufacturing: O ffic e c l e r i c a l ______________________________ E lec tron ic data p ro ce ssin g __ Industrial n u r s e s __ S killed maintenance tra d es U nskilled plant w o r k e r s ______________ ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) (‘ ) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) 9.5 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) 7.9 ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ( 6) 4.2 See footnotes at end o f tables. 10 B. Establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions Table B-1. M in im u m en tra n ce salaries fo r inexperienced typists and clerks in H u n tsv ille , A la ., February 1977 In experien ced typists M inim u m w e e k ly s tra ig h t-tim e s a la r y 1 O ther in exp erien ced c le r ic a l w o rk e rs 8 Nonm anufacturing M anufacturing Based on standard w e e k ly hours 9 o f— A ll industries A ll schedules 24 40 XXX A ll schedules M anufacturing A ll A ll schedules 40 47 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard w eek ly h ou rs9 of— 40 XXX 71 24 XXX 6 36 14 14 1 1 * 15 3 3 1 3 1 A ll schedules 47 40 XXX ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING A SPECIFIED * * 2 1 7 * ** * 2 m * • 1 * 1 1 1 • 1 1 1 • * 2 * 1 $ 1 1 5 . 0 0 A N O U N D E R $ 1 2 0 . 0 0 ------------- 3 1 1 12 12 i 1 1 i I i 7 1 1 1 * 1 1 XXX XXX 19 1 1 i ESTABLISHMENTS having no i i 1 i specified XXX ESTABLISHMENTS WHICH DID NOT EMPLOY 16 XXX See footn otes at end o f tables. 11 XXX AAA Table B-2. Late-shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing plant workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 ( A l l fu ll- t im e m anufacturing plant w o rk e rs = 100 percen t) W o rk e rs on la te shifts A l l w o rk e rs 10 Item Second shift T h ird sh ift Second shift T h ird shift S H I F T P R O V I S I O N S -------- 82.2 66.7 18.2 7.2 W I T H N O P A Y D I F F E R E N T I A L F O R L A T E S H I F T W O R K -------W I T H P A Y D I F F E R E N T I A L F O R L A T E S H I F T W O R K -------------U N I F O R M CENTSL-P E R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L --------------------U N I F O R M P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L ---------------------------O T H E R D I F F E R E N T I A L --------------------------------------------------- 1 9.9 62.3 56.9 5.4 - 1 3.7 52.9 47.5 5.4 - 7.7 10.5 9.1 1.4 - .6 6.6 6.6 • - 11.0 5.0 14.0 10.0 11.4 5.0 11.2 1.0 11.2 .3 3.1 PERCENT OF WORKERS IN establishments with late AVERAGE PAY DIFFERENTIAL U N I F O R M C E N T S - P E R - H O U R D I F F E R E N T I A L -----------------------U N I F O R M P E R C E N T A G E D I F F E R E N T I A L ------------------------------P E R C E N T O F W O R K E R S BY T Y P E A N D AMOUNT OF PAY DIFFERENTIAL UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR» I0C CCHTfi--" -------------------------il C E N T S r___ ______________________ 12 C E N T S ---------- ----------------------------------------------------13 AND U N D E R 14 C E N T S ---------------------------------------15 C E N T S 19 AND U N D E R 20 C E N T S ---------------------------------------22 C E N T S — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.5 3.7 4.3 6.7 • UNIFORM PERCENTAGE 1 5 P E R C E N T ----------------------------- -------------------------------10 P E R C E N T ------------------------------------------------------------ 5.4 - See footn otes at end of tables. 12 3.7 20.8 4.3 7.5 5.4 • <* .1 1.4 1.9 • - (11) 2.0 1.4 - 1.4 - Table B-3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 O ffic e w o rk ers Plant w ork ers Item A l l industries p e r c e n t of w o rkers b y w e e k ly h o u r s and 30 32 35 37 38 39 AO 42 45 48 56 58 Ma nufa c tu r i ng Nonmanufacturing 100 100 1 3 1 (1 2 ) 96 4 - 1 2 7 2 3 78 3 2 1 4 0 .2 4 0 .3 Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 100 100 100 «. 1 1 8 (1 2 ) 3 86 1 - • 100 - 3 9 .7 4 0 .0 A ll in du stries sch eduled days ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS ------------------- 100 HOURS-5 O A Y S ---------- -----------------------HOURS-6 O A Y S ------------------- --------------HOURS-5 D A Y S --------------------- ------ ------1/2 HOURS-5 D A Y S -------- -----— ----- ----HOURS-5 D A Y S ---------- ----- ------ ----------1/2 HOURS-5 OAYS ---------------------------HOURS-5 D A Y S -------- ----- — — — ---------1/2 HOURS-5 DAYS ---------------------------HOURS-5 D A Y S -----— ------------ -------------HOURS-6 D A Y S ---------- -------— — ---------HOURS-7 O A Y S ---------- -------------- ---------HOURS-6 DAYS — --------------- — ----------- (1 2 ) (1 2 ) 2 1 1 92 • i i 12 (1 2 ) 5 79 1 - AVERAGE SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS ALL WEEKLY WORK SCHEDULES ----------------- 4 0 .0 See footn ote at end o f tables. 13 3 9 .6 Table B-4. Annual paid holidays for full-time workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o rk e r s Ite m A l l in d u s trie s M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g A l l in d u s tr ie s ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS -------- 100 100 100 100 IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING PAID HOLIDAYS -----------------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING PAID H O L I D A Y S ------ ---- --- ---- 3 - 13 - 97 100 87 100 100 100 6.0 8.3 6.8 8.3 8.8 8.0 2 1 1 2 (12) 9 5 4 10 (12) 1 (12) 2 4 23 14 4 1 24 11 10 (12) 5 M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g PERCENT OE WORKERS 100 _ 100 _ AVERAGE NUMBER OF PAID HOLIOAYS FOR WORKERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING HOLIOAYS ------ -----PERCENT OF WORKERS BY NUMBER OF PAID HOLIOAYS PROVIDED I 3 4 5 HOLIDAY -----------HOLIOAYS -------- — HOLIDAYS ----------HOLIDAYS ----------PLUS l HALF OAY --6 HOLIDAYS ------- ---7 HOLIDAYS ----------8 HOLIOAYS ----------PLUS 2 HALF DAYS — 9 HOLIOAYS ------- ---10 HOLIDAYS ---------II HOLIDAYS ---------13 H O L I D A Y S ------ ---14 HOLIDAYS ---------- - - - - 15 18 7 4 31 9 1 16 23 8 5 33 8 - 12 2 5 24 11 5 - - - 4 5 97 94 93 92 90 90 74 56 49 14 5 4 4 100 100 99 99 99 99 83 60 52 14 5 5 5 - (12) - 16 24 7 4 27 6 - 16 (12) 1 1 3 5 27 9 2 23 13 15 1 PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TOTAL PAID HOLIOAY TIME PROVIDED13I*5 9 8 7 6 I DAY OR MORE------ -------------------------3 DAYS OR MORE---------- -------------------4 DAYS OR MORE------------------------ ------5 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------------5 1/2 DAYS OR MORE — -------- -----------6 DAYS OR MORE--------------- --------------7 DAYS OR MORE------------------- ---------8 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------------9 DAYS OR MORE ------------------------------IQ DAYS OR MORE---------- ------------------I I DAYS OR MORE — -------------------------13 DAYS OR MORE---------- ------------------14 D A Y S ---------- — ----------------------------- 87 78 73 68 59 69 47 45 39 15 5 - See fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le s . 14 100 99 99 99 97 93 70 56 52 26 16 6 5 100 100 99 99 99 99 84 60 53 22 16 16 16 100 99 99 98 95 90 63 54 52 29 16 1 Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s Ite m A H in d u s trie s M anu f ac t u r ing N o n m a n u fa c tu ri ng A l l in d u s tr ie s M an u f a c tu r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS ----------IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING PAID VACATIONS -------------------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING PAID VACATIONS -------------------LENGTH-OF-TIME PAYMENT ---------PERCENTAGE PAYMENT -------------OTHER PAYMENT -------------------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 - - - • • - 100 75 24 (12) 100 69 31 - 100 93 5 1 100 96 3 (12) 100 92 8 - 100 99 1 (12) ia 23 22 - 5 32 1 I 10 46 7 6 6 23 16 - 12 58 2 10 • 50 49 AMOUNT OF PAID VACATION AFTERt14 6 MONTHS OF SERVICE 1 UNDER 1 W E E K ------------- ----1 WEEK OVER I AND UNDER 2 WEEKS — ---2 WEEKS ------------------------ 24 (12) (12) I YEAR OF SERVICE* UNDER 1 WEEK ------------------1 WEEK 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------3 WEEKS — - — ---------------------- (12) 67 27 (12) 6 2 YEARS OF SERVICE* UNDER 1 WEEK ---------------------1 WEEK 2 WEEKS mmmmmmmmmmmmmm OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------3 WEEKS ---------------------------- (12) 47 46 1 6 3 YEARS OF SERVICE* 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS — OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS ------3 WEEKS 25 68 1 6 28 65 7 18 78 4 YEARS OF SERVICE* 1 WEEK OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS ------2 WEEKS ■ OVER 2 ANO UNDER 3 WEEKS -----3 WEEKS 19 (12) 74 1 21 72 - 14 6 7 5 YEARS OF SERVICE* 1 WEEK OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS -----2 WEEKS -----------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS ------ 2 1 74 2 (12) 78 - 21 22 3 “EEKS .......... - • 72 20 2 51 47 (12) 7 - 25 72 3 (12) - 2 17 78 3 - - - 10 85 5 (12) 19 80 1 87 8 - 6 77 11 7 8 75 16 1 78 8 10 5 76 11 8 75 16 1 76 (12) 75 25 65 - 57 36 - 7 3 1 2 80 3 1 8 2 4 1 68 63 7 18 See footn otes at end o f ta b les. 15 a 6 23 - - 12 83 5 1 • 5 5 4 8 12 3 1 10 21 Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977— Continued P la n t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s Ite m A l l in d u s trie s M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g A l l in d u s trie s M an u f actu r ing N o nm anu f a c tu r ing AMOUNT OF PAID VACATION AFTER14CONTINUEO 10 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK 2 W E E K S ------- ----------- - ■. . OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----3 WEEKS "■ ■■ »■ ■■ ■ OVER 3 AND UNDER A WEEKS -----A WEEKS ------------------------ 2 31 1 59 2 5 (12) 32 62 5 8 28 4 49 8 4 2 8 3 75 7 6 (12) 13 • 66 16 5 3 5 4 80 3 6 12 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----3 WEEKS ----- — - ........---OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS -----4 W E E K S --------- — ----- 2 26 (12> 64 3 5 (12) 25 70 5 8 28 1 48 10 5 2 5 (12) 70 10 12 (12) 6 72 16 5 3 5 (12) 68 7 16 15 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK —— 2 WEEKS ---------" OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 3 WEEKS OVER 3 ANO UNDER 4 4 WEEKS OVER 4 AND UNDER 5 WEEKS ------ 2 18 (12) 56 5 18 1 (12) 15 63 4 18 - 8 25 1 36 7 17 6 2 5 (12) 56 6 31 - (12) 5 63 2 29 - 3 4 (12) 52 7 33 - 20 YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS -» OVER 2 ANO UNOER 3 WEEKS -----3 WEEKS — OVER 3 ANO UNDER 4 WEEKS -----4 WEEKS ----- --------- --- -----5 WEEKS ---------------------OVER 5 ANO UNDER 6 WEEKS ----— 2 18 (12) 35 3 29 12 1 (12) 15 37 4 29 15 - 8 25 1 29 2 26 4 6 2 5 (12) 22 3 56 12 - (12) 5 • 20 2 48 24 - 3 4 (12) 23 3 61 6 - 25 YEARS OF SERVICE: 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS ----------------------■ OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS -----3 WEEKS —— -■■ OVER 3 ANO UNDER 4 WEEKS -----4 WEEKS 5 WEEKS ■■ OVER 5 ANO UNDER 6 WEEKS ------ 2 18 (12) 35 (12) 28 15 1 (12) 15 8 25 1 29 2 13 17 6 2 5 (12) 22 2 42 27 - (12) 5 3 4 (12) 23 3 38 29 - 2 18 (12) 35 (12) 18 22 1 3 (12) 15 8 25 1 29 2 13 17 6 2 5 (12) 22 2 36 32 (12) 5 ■■■— ■ ■ ■ ■ ......-..... WEEKS ----WEEKS ------ 30 YEARS OF SERVICE:* 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS -----------------------OVER 2 AND UNOER 3 WEEKS -----3 WEEKS — 1»»»»»— —■ OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS -----4 WEEKS •5 WEEKS OVER 5 ANO UNDER 6 WEEKS -----6 “ EEKS * - 37 33 15 - - 37 • 19 24 - 4 1 Estim ates of provisions for longer periods of service are identical. See footnotes at end of tables. • 16 - 20 49 25 - - 20 - 31 40 — 3 3 4 (12) 23 3 38 29 - Table B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans for full-time workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 P la n t w o r k e r s Office workers Ite m A l l in d u s trie s M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g 100 100 100 100 A l l in d u s tr ie s M a n u fa c tu rin g N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS — — 100 100 IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING AT LEAST ONE OF THE BENEFITS SHOWN BELOW15------------------ 99 100 98 100 100 100 LIFE INSURANCE ----------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------- 98 68 99 71 92 61 99 77 99 65 99 83 ACCIDENTAL DEATH AND DISMEMBERMENT INSURANCE -----NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------- 72 48 74 50 65 42 78 59 86 56 73 60 SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE OR SICK LEAVE OR B O TH16— — — ■ 71 73 66 83 75 87 53 33 61 38 29 16 30 16 55 39 17 4 16 11 31 44 26 54 8 6 13 19 5 26 LONG-TERM DISABILITY INSURANCE --------------------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ------- 25 18 24 17 27 20 66 40 66 26 65 48 HOSPITALIZATION INSURANCE — NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ---— — ~ 98 49 99 51 94 43 99 57 99 54 99 59 SURGICAL INSURANCE — ----------NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS — 98 49 99 51 94 43 99 57 99 54 99 59 MEDICAL INSURANCE ----NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS 97 48 99 51 89 40 48 57 99 54 97 58 MAJOR MEDICAL INSURANCE NONCONTRI8UTORY PLANS 87 39 87 38 86 42 99 51 99 38 99 59 DENTAL INSURANCE -----NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS 14 12 11 11 21 12 19 17 22 21 17 16 RETIREMENT PENSION — — NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS 85 78 91 84 68 59 86 78 91 89 84 71 SICKNESS AND ACCIDENT IN SU RA NC E----- ------ --- ---NONCONTRIBUTORY PLANS ----SICK LEAVE (FULL PAY AND NO WAITING PERIOD) ------------SICK LEAVE (PARTIAL PAY OR WAITING PERIOD) ------------- See fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le s . 17 Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977 P la n t w o rk e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s M a n u fa c tu rin g A l l in d u s trie s A l l in d u s trie s M a n u fa c tu rin g I te m A ll p la n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry pla n s 17 A ll p la n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s 17 A ll pla n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry pla n s 17 A ll p la n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s 17 TYPE OF PLAN AND AMOUNT OF INSURANCE ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS ARE PROVIDED THE SAME FLAT-SUM DOLLAR AMOUNT t AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PROVIDED!19 $4,000 MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ----- --------------- AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS BASED ON A SCHEDULE WHICH INDICATES A SPECIFIED DOLLAR AMOUNT OF INSURANCE FOR A SPECIFIED LENGTH OF SERVICE! PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS18----------------------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PROVIDED19AFTER! 6 MONTHS OF SERVICE! $1,000-10,000 4 25 48 49 $4*000 $4,000 $5*000 $5,000 $4,000 $1,000-10,000 $1,000-11,500 $2,000-10,000 $1,500-10,000 $1,000-11*500 $5,900 $5,000 $1,000-11,500 $1,000-11,500 - - - - $ 4 ,4 0 0 S 4 f0 0 0 $1,000-11,500 4 (6) 4 4 (6) (6 ) ( 6) 1 YEAR OF SERVICE! (6) (6) MEDIAN 4 4 (6) <6) (6 ) (6 ) 5 YEARS OF SERVICE! (6) (6) (6 ) (6) (6 ) (6 ) (6) (6) \ (6) (6 ) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) 1 10 YEARS OF SERVICE! HEOIAN rl 1l/ULL K A rlv t ' J y r t K v t N 1# MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) 20 YEARS OF SERVICE! ------------------- - (6) (6) (6 ) (6 ) (6) (6) (6 ) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) See fo o tn o te s a t end o f ta b le s . 18 (6 ) (6) (6 ) Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in Huntsville, Ala., February 1977— Continued P la n t w o rk e r s O ffic e w o r k e r s A l l in d u s trie s M a n u fa c tu rin g A l l in d u s tr ie s M a n u fa c tu rin g Ite m A ll pla n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry pla n s 17 A ll p la n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s 17 13 19 15 A ll p la n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry pla n s 17 A ll p la n s 17 N o n c o n trib u to ry p la n s 17 TYPE OF PLAN AND AMOUNT OF INSURANCE - CONTINUED AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS BASED ON A SCHEDULE WHICH INDICATES A SPECIFIED DOLLAR AMOUNT OF INSURANCE FOR A SPECIFIED AMOUNT OF EARNINGS! PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS18-----------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PROVIDED19 IF * ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE $5,0001 MEDIAN MIDDLE RANGE <50 PERCENT) ----------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ----------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE $10,000! ME01 AN MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ----------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ----------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE $15,000« MEDIAN ■■■**■■-**— ■ MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) — --------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------- ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE $20,000! MEDIAN MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ------- ---MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ----------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS EXPRESSED AS A FACTOR OF ANNUAL EARNINGSl20 PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS18---— ----- FACTOR OF ANNUAL EARNINGS USED TO CALCULATE AMOUNT OF INSURANCE!19 20 MEOIAN — — — — — — — ------------ MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ----------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ----------PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS COVERED BY PLANS NOT SPECIFYING A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS COVERED BY PLANS SPECIFYING A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF SPECIFIED MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF INSURANCE!19 MEDIAN MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ----------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ----------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS BASED ON SOME OTHER TYPE OF PLAN! PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS18------------- 19 22 32 18 $6,300 $5,000 $1,000-11,000 $1,000-12.500 $6,300 $5,000 $1,000-12,500 $1,000-12,500 $5,900 $5,000 $1,000-12,500 $1,000-12,500 $6,000 $5,000 $1,000-12,500 $1,000-12,500 $7,800 $5,000 $5,000-10,000 $4,000-16,000 $8,200 $5,000 $5,000-15,000 $5,000-16,000 $13,700 (6) (6) (6) $14*600 (6) (6) (6) $9,700 $12,500 $1,000-12.500 $1,000-18.000 $7,900 $10,000 $1,000-12,500 $1,000-12,500 $7,400 $10,000 $1,000-12,500 $1,000-15,000 $6,500 $10,000 $1,000-12,500 $1,000-12,500 $15,000 $16,000 $10,000-20,000 $10,000-20,000 $14,800 $16,000 $10,000-20,000 $10,000-20.000 $14,700 (6) (6) (6) $14*700 (6) (6) (6) $14,200 $16,500 $1*500— 25*000 $1,500-30.000 $11,200 $10,000 $1,500-16,500 $1,500-25,000 $11,300 $10,000 $1,500-16,500 $1,500-30,000 $9,200 $10,000 $1,500-16,500 $1,500-16,500 $24,300 $24,000 $15,000-30,000 $15,000-40,000 $24,200 $24,000 $15,000-30.000 $15,000-40,000 $23,400 (6) (6) (6) $22*800 (6) (6) (6) $17,100 $22,000 $1,500-25,000 $1,500-35,000 $13,800 $10,000 $1,500-22,000 $1,500-25,000 $13,100 $10,000 $1,500-22,000 $1,500-30,000 $11,100 $10,00ft $1,500-22,000 $1,500-22,000 $31,000 $30,000 $20,000-40,000 $20,000-50,000 $31,000 $32,000 $20,000-40.000 $20,0(00-50,000 $29,600 (6) (6) (6) $29*600 (6) (6) (6) 25 23 1.35 1.00 1.00-1.25 1.00-2.50 1.29 1.00 1.00-1.25 1.00-2.50 29 1.41 1.00 1.00-2.00 1.00-2.50 26 1.35 1.00 1.00-1.25 1.00-2.50 38 1.57 1.00 1.00-2.00 I•00^2*50 36 44 1.54 1.00 1.00-2.00 1.00-2.50 1.44 1.00 1.00-2.00 1.00-2.50 19 24 22 35 7 7 15 15 10 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) - - 18 22 5 5 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (12) (12) 20 See footnotes at end o f tables. 33 19 $123,900 $123,900 $100,000 $100,000 ilOO,000-100,000 $100,000-100.000 (100,000-300,000 $100,000-300,000 (12) (12) 38 1.36 1.00 1.001.00- 1.50 2.50 29 10 $175,700 $100,000 $50*000-300,000 $50*000-300,000 $175*700 $100*000 K50*000-30(k*AOO $50,000-300*000 - - Footnotes S o m e o f th e s e s ta n dard foo tn o te s m a y not ap p ly to this bulle tin. 14 In cludes p ay m e n ts other than " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " such as p e r c e n t a g e o f annual e a r n in g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n ts, c o n v e r t e d to an equiv ale nt t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s was c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k 's pay. P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e a r e cho se n a r b i t r a r i l y and do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t in d iv id u al p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p l e , changes in p r o p ortion s at 10 y e a r s inclu de changes b e tw e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E s tim a te s a r e cu m u lativ e . Thus, the p r o p o r t i o n e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay a f t e r 10 y e a r s in clud es th os e e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay a f t e r f e w e r y e a r s of s e r v i c e . 15 E s t i m a t e s l i s t e d a f t e r ty pe o f b e n e f i t a r e f o r a l l plans f o r wh ich at l e a s t a p a r t of the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r . "N on contrib utory p la n s " include only th ose fin a n c ed e n t i r e l y by the e m p l o y e r . E xclud ed a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d plans, such as w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p en s a tio n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . 16 Unduplic ated to ta l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s ic k l e a v e o r s ickn ess and a c c id e n t in s u ran ce shown s e p a r a t e l y b e low . S ic k l e a v e plans a r e l i m i t e d to th os e wh ich d e f i n i t e l y e s ta b l i s h at l e a s t the m i n i m u m number of d a y s ' pay that each e m p l o y e e can exp e c t. I n f o r m a l s ic k l e a v e a llo w a n c e s d e t e r m i n e d on an ind iv id u al b a s is a r e exclud ed. 17 E s t i m a t e s un der " A l l p lan s " r e l a t e to a l l plans f o r which at l e a s t a p a r t of the c o s t is b o r n e by the e m p l o y e r . E s t i m a t e s un der " N o n c o n t r i b u to r y p la n s " in clude on ly th ose fin an c ed e n t i r e l y by the e m p l o y e r . 18 F o r " A l l i n d u s t r i e s , " a l l f u l l - t i m e plant w o r k e r s o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s equal 100 p e rc e n t. F o r " M a n u f a c t u r i n g , " a l l f u l l - t i m e plant w o r k e r s or o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m an u fac tu rin g equal 100 p e rc e n t. 19 T h e m e a n amount is c om pute d by m u ltip ly in g the nu m b er of w o r k e r s p r o v i d e d in s u r a n c e by the amount o f in s u r a n c e p r o v i d e d , to ta ling the p r o d ucts , and d iv id in g the sum b y the number o f w o r k e r s . The m e d ia n ind icates that ha lf of the w o r k e r s a r e p r o v i d e d an amount equal to o r s m a l l e r and half an amount equal to o r l a r g e r than the amount shown. M i d d l e range (50 p e r cent)--- a fou rth o f the w o r k e r s a r e p r o v i d e d an amount equal to or l e s s than the s m a l l e r amount and a fo u r th a r e p r o v i d e d an amount equal to or m o r e than the l a r g e r amount. M id d l e r a n g e (80 p e r c e n t ) — 10 p e r c e n t of the w o r k e r s a r e p r o v i d e d an amount equal to o r l e s s than the s m a l l e r amount and 10 p e r c e n t a r e p r o v i d e d an amount equal to o r m o r e than the l a r g e r amount. 20 A f a c t o r o f annual e a r n in g s is the n u m b er by wh ich annual e arn in g s a r e m u l t i p l i e d to d e t e r m i n e the amount of i n s u r a n c e p ro v id e d . F o r exam ple, a f a c t o r o f 2 in d ic a te s that f o r annual e a r n in g s o f $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 the amount of in s u r a n c e p r o v i d e d is $20, 000. St an dar d ho ur s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e of pay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u la r and/or p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th es e w e e k l y hours. 2 T h e m e a n is com pute d f o r eac h jo b by to tali ng the e a r n in g s of a l l w o r k e r s and d i v id in g by the number of w o r k e r s . T h e m e d ia n d e s i g nates p o s itio n — h a lf of the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e the s a m e o r m o r e and h a lf r e c e i v e the s a m e o r l e s s than the r ate shown. T h e m i d d l e r a n g e is defin ed by tw o ra te s of pay; a fourth of the w o r k e r s e a r n the s am e or l e s s than the l o w e r of th es e r a te s and a fourth e a r n the s a m e or m o r e than the h ig h e r ra te . 3 E a r n in g s data r e l a t e on ly to w o r k e r s w h os e s e x id e n t i f i c a t i o n was p r o v i d e d by the e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 E x c lu d e s p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te shifts . E s t i m a t e s f o r p e r i o d s ending p r i o r to 197 6 r e l a t e to m e n on ly f o r s k i l l e d m a in te n a n c e and u n s k ille d plant w o r k e r s . A l l other e s t i m a t e s r e la te to m e n and w om en. 6 Data do not m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a o r data not a v a i l a b l e . 7 F o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d m i n i m u m r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e hir in g s a l a r i e s that a r e paid f o r stan da rd w o r k w e e k s . 8 E x c lu d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l jo b s such as m e s s e n g e r . 9 Data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l standa rd w o r k w e e k s c om b in e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n s ta n dard w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . 10 In clu des a l l plant w o r k e r s in e s t a b lis h m e n ts c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t ing la t e s h ifts , and e s ta b l i s h m e n ts w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r late s h ifts , e v e n though the e s ta b l i s h m e n ts w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p e r a tin g late shifts . 11 L e s s than 0.05 p e rc e n t. 12 L e s s than 0.5 p e rc e n t. 13 A l l c om b in a tio n s o f fu ll and ha lf days that add to the s a m e amount a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a to tal of 10 days inclu des th ose w ith 10 full days and no ha lf d ay s, 9 fu ll days and 2 h a lf d a y s, 8 fu ll days and 4 ha lf d a y s, and so on. P r o p o r t i o n s then w e r e cum ulate d. 20 Appendix A. Scope and Method of Survey Data on a r e a w a g e s and r e l a t e d b e n e fits a r e obta ined by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u re au f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . In each o f the i n t e r v e n i n g y e a r s , in f o r m a tio n on e m p lo y m e n t and oc c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s is c o l l e c t e d by a c o m b in a tio n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , and te le p h on e i n t e r v i e w f r o m e s ta b lis h m e n ts p a r t i c i p a t i n g in the p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . In each o f the 74 1 a r e a s c u r r e n t l y s u r v e y e d , data a r e ob ta ined f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s ta b lis h m e n ts with in s ix b ro a d in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s : M an u fa c tu r in g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c om m u n ic a tio n , and oth e r publi c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M ajor in d ustry gro u p s e xclu d ed f r o m th e s e studies a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c on s t ru c tio n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s tr ie s . E s t a b lis h m e n ts ha vin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b er o f w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e o f i n s u ffic ie n t e m p l o y m ent in the occupations studied. S e p a r a te ta bula tions a r e p r o v i d e d f o r each o f the b ro a d in d u s try d i v i s i o n s which m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e condu cted on a s a m p l e b a s is . T h e s am pli n g p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v e d e ta ile d s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts with in the s c o p e o f an in dividual a r e a s u r v e y b y in d u s try and n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . F r o m this s t r a t i f i e d u n i v e r s e a p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p le is s e l e c t e d , w ith each e s ta b lis h m e n t ha ving a p r e d e t e r m i n e d chance o f s e l e c t i o n . T o obtain o p tim u m a c c u r a c y at m in im u m c o s t, a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m en ts is s e l e c t e d . Wh en data a r e c o m b in e d , each e s ta b lis h m e n t is w e ig h te d a c c o r d i n g to its p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n , so that unbiased e s t i m a t e s a r e generated. F o r e x a m p l e , i f one out o f fo u r e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s e l e c t e d , it is g i v e n a w e i g h t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f plus t h r e e o t h e r s . A n a lte r n a t e o f the s a m e o r i g i n a l p r o b a b i l i t y is cho sen in the s a m e i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i cation i f data a r e not a v a i l a b l e f r o m the o r i g i n a l s a m p le m e m b e r . I f no suita ble sub stitute is a v a i l a b l e , addition al w e ig h t is a s s ig n e d to a s a m p le m e m b e r that is s i m i l a r to the m i s s i n g unit. O ccup ation s and e arn in g s O c c u p ation s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c tu ring and no nm anu fa cturin g i n d u s tr i e s , and a r e o f the f o l l o w i n g ty p e s : (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n i c a l ; (3) m a in te n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t; and (4) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s tod ial. O ccup ation al c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b as e d on a u n i fo r m set o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s ig n e d to take account o f in t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in duties within the s am e job. O ccupation s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in appendix B. 1 Included in the 74 areas are 4 studies conducted by the Bureau under contract. These areas are Akron, Ohio; Birmingham, A la .; Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth and Newport News-Hampton, V a.—N . C . ; and Syracuse, N .Y . In addition, the Bureau conducts more limited area studies in approximately 100 areas at the request of the Employment Standards Administration of the U. S. Department of Labor. U n le s s o t h e r w i s e i n d ic a te d , the e a r n in g s data f o l l o w i n g the job t i t l e s a r e f o r a l l in d u s tr ie s com b in e d . E a r n in g s data f o r s o m e o f the occup ations l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s try d i v i s i o n s w ith in the scop e o f the s u r v e y , a r e not p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s t a b le s b e c a u s e e i th e r (1) e m p l o y m ent in the oc c u p atio n is to o s m a l l to p r o v i d e enough data to m e r i t p r e s e n ta tio n, o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f ind ivid ual e s ta b lis h m en t data. S e p a r a te m e n ' s and w o m e n ' s e a r n in g s data a r e not p re s e n te d when the nu m b er o f w o r k e r s not id e n ti f i e d by s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w o m e n id e n ti f i e d in an occup atio n. E a r n in g s data not shown s e p a r a t e l y f o r ind us try d i v i s i o n s a r e included in data f o r a l l in d u s tr ie s c om b in ed . L i k e w i s e , f o r oc c u p atio n s w ith m o r e than one l e v e l , data a r e included in the o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n wh en a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is not shown o r i n fo rm a tio n to s u b c l a s s i f y is not a v a i l a b l e . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n in g s data a r e shown f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y schedule. E arnings data exc lud e p r e m i u m pay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , ho lid a ys , and late s hifts . N on p r od u c tio n bon us es a r e exc lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and in c e n t i v e bon us es a r e included. W e e k l y hours f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l occup ations r e f e r to the standard w o r k w e e k (rou n de d to the n e a r e s t ha lf hour) f o r wh ich e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f pay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r and/or p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n in g s f o r th e s e occup ations a r e rounded to the n e a r e s t ha lf d o l l a r . V e r t i c a l l in e s with in the d is trib u tio n o f w o r k e r s on s o m e A - t a b l e s in d ic ate a chan ge in the s i z e o f the c la s s intervals. T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e the l e v e l o f oc c u p atio n al e arn in g s in an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f ind iv id u al occup atio nal a v e r a g e s o v e r t i m e m a y not r e f l e c t e xp e c te d w a g e chan ges. T h e a v e r a g e s f o r in d iv id u a l jobs a r e a f f e c t e d by changes in w a g e s and e m p lo y m e n t p a tte r n s . F o r e x a m p l e , p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d by h ig h - o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y change, o r h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e to b e t t e r jobs and be r e p l a c e d by new w o r k e r s at l o w e r r a t e s . Such shifts in e m p lo y m e n t could d e c r e a s e an oc c u p atio n al a v e r a g e e ven though m o s t e s ta b lis h m e n ts in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s dur ing the y e a r . C hanges in e arn in g s o f oc c u p atio n al g ro u p s, shown in ta b le A - 7 , a r e b e t t e r in d i c a t o r s o f w a g e tr e n d s than a r e e arnin gs changes f o r indiv idual jo b s with in the g ro up s. A v e r a g e e a r n in g s r e f l e c t c o m p o s i t e , a r e a w i d e e s t i m a t e s . I n d u s tr ies and e s ta b lis h m e n ts d i f f e r in pay l e v e l and job staffin g , and thus contribute d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r each job . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y the w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l am ong job s in individual e s ta b lis h m en ts . A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d oc c up atio ns should not be a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y o f th e s e x e s with in in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . F a c t o r s w h ich m a y c on trib u te to d i f f e r e n c e s in c lu d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b l i s h e d r a te r a n g e s (o n l y the r a t e s p aid in cum b ents a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c duties w ith in the g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s u s u a lly a r e m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than th o s e used in ind iv id u al e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s am o n g e s ta b l i s h m e n ts in s p e c i f i c duties p e r f o r m e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e t o t a l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f the study and not th e n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o c c u p a tio n a l s t r u c t u r e s am on g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r , e s t i m a t e s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t ob ta in ed f r o m the s a m p l e o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts studied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te th e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e job s studied. These d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e do not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s data. W a ge trends fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n a l gro ups T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in ta b le A - 7 a r e b a s e d on changes in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f m en and w o m e n in e s t a b lis h m e n ts r e p o r t i n g the t r e n d jo b s in both th e c u r r e n t and p r e v i o u s y e a r ( m a tc h e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ) . T h e data a r e ad ju sted to r e m o v e th e e f f e c t on a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f e m p l o y m en t shif ts am on g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s inclu ded in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t i l l a f f e c t e d by f a c t o r s o t h e r than w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H i r i n g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a f f e c t an e s ta b lis h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an oc c u p atio n w h en w o r k e r s a r e p aid under pla ns p r o v i d i n g a r a n g e o f w a g e r a t e s f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s . In p e r i o d s o f i n c r e a s e d h i r i n g , f o r e x a m p l e , n e w e m p l o y e e s m a y e n te r at th e b o tt o m o f th e r a n g e , d e p r e s s i n g the a v e r a g e without a c han ge in w a g e r a t e s . T h e p e r c e n t ch an ge s r e l a t e to w a g e chan ges b e tw e e n the in d ic ate d d a te s . When th e t i m e span b e tw e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r than 12 m o n th s , annual r a t e s a r e shown. (I t is a s s u m e d that w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a constant r a t e b e tw e e n s u r v e y s . ) O c c u p atio n s used to c o m p u te w a g e tr e n d s a r e : O ffic e c le r ic a l O f f i c e c l e r i c a l — Continued S ecretaries Stenographers, g en eral Sten ograph ers, senior T yp is ts , classes A and B F ile c le rk s , classes A , B , and C M essengers S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r s 2 O rd e r c le rk s , classes A and B A c c o u n ti n g c l e r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B ookkeepin g-m achin e o p e r a to r s , class B P a y r o ll clerk s K eypunch o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B In 1977, switchboard operators are included in the wage trend computation for all except the following areas: Canton, Chicago, Cincinnati, Davenport-Rock Island-Molihe, Houston, Huntsville, Jackson, New Orleans, Portland (Oregon), Providence-Warwick—Pawtucket, Richmond, San Antonio, Seattle-Everett, South Bend, and Wichita. E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g S k i l l e d m ain te n an c e C o m p u te r s y s t e m s a n a l y s ts , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C o m p u te r p r o g r a m m e r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C C o m p u te r o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C Carpenters E lectrician s Painters M achinists M ech anics (m achinery) M ech anics (m o to r vehicle) P ip efitters T o o l and d ie m a k e r s In d u s t r i a l n u rs e s U n s k i l l e d plant R e g i s t e r e d in d u s t r i a l n u rs e s J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and cleaners M a t e r i a l handling l a b o r e r s P e r c e n t chan ges f o r as f o l l o w s : i areas in th e p r o g r a m a r e c om pute d 1. A v e r a g e e a r n in g s a r e c om p u te d f o r eac h o c c u p a tio n f o r the 2 y e a r s being c o m p a r e d . The avera ges a re derived f r o m e a r n in g s in th o s e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h ich a r e in the s u r v e y both y e a r s ; it is a s s u m e d that e m p lo y m e n t r e m a i n s unchanged. 2. E ac h oc c u p atio n is a s s i g n e d a w e ig h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p in th e b as e y e a r . 3. T h e s e w e i g h t s a r e u s e d to c om p u te g ro u p a v e r a g e s . E a c h o c c u p a ti o n 's a v e r a g e e a r n in g s ( c o m p u te d in step 1) is m u l t i p l i e d by its w e ig h t. T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o ta le d to ob ta in a g ro u p a v e r a g e . 4. T h e r a t i o o f g ro u p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s is c om p ute d by d i v id in g th e a v e r a g e f o r th e c u r r e n t y e a r by the a v e r a g e f o r the e a r l i e r y e a r . T h e r es u lt— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t — l e s s 1 0 0 is the p e r c e n t change. F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e m eth o d used to com p ute t h e s e w a g e t r e n d s , s e e " I m p r o v i n g A r e a W a g e S u r v e y I n d e x e s , " M on th ly L a b o r R e v i e w , J an uary 1973, pp. 52-57. E s ta b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T h e i n c id e n c e o f s e l e c t e d e s ta b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v i s i o n s is stu died f o r f u l l - t i m e plant w o r k e r s and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . P la n t w o r k e r s in clude n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s en g ag ed in n o n o ff i c e functio ns. ( C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and route w o r k e r s a r e e x c lu d e d in m an u fac tu rin g i n d u s t r i e s , but included in nonm anufa cturing in d u s tr ie s .) O f f i c e w o r k e r s include n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e l a t e d functio ns. L e a d w o r k e r s and t r a i n e e s a r e included a m on g n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l and p a r t - t i m e e m p l o y e e s as w e l l as c o n s t ru c tio n w o r k e r s u t i l i z e d as s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e s a r e e xc lu d e d f r o m both the plant and o f f i c e w o rk e r categories. M i n i m u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s (ta b l e B - l ) . M i n i m u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e l a t e o n ly to th e e s ta b l i s h m e n ts v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p tim u m s a m p lin g te c h n iq u e s u s e d and the p r o b a b i l i t y that l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m en ts a r e m o r e l i k e l y than s m a l l e s ta b l i s h m e n ts to have f o r m a l e n t r a n c e ra te s above the s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l , the tab le is m o r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d iu m and l a r g e e s ta b l i s h m e n ts . ( T h e " X ' s " shown under standard w e e k l y ho ur s in d ic ate that no m e a n in g fu l to ta ls a r e a p p lic a b le .) Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s — m anufactu rin g (ta b le B - 2 ) . Data w e r e c o l l e c t e d on p o l i c i e s o f m an u fac tu rin g e s t a b lis h m e n ts r e g a r d i n g pay d i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r plant w o r k e r s on la t e s h ifts . E s ta b lis h m e n ts c o n s i d e r e d as having p o l i c i e s a r e th os e w h ich ( 1 ) h a ve p r o v i s i o n s in w r i t i n g c o v e r i n g the o p e r a t i o n o f late s hifts , o r ( 2 ) h a ve o p e r a t e d la te shif ts at any t i m e dur ing the 1 2 months preceding a survey. Wh en e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a ve s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t i a l s w h ich v a r y by jo b , the d i f f e r e n t i a l ap p ly in g to the m a j o r i t y o f the plant w o r k e r s is recorded. When e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a ve d i f f e r e n t i a l s w h ich apply on ly to c e r t a i n hours o f w o r k , the d i f f e r e n t i a l ap p ly in g to the m a j o r i t y o f the shift ho ur s is recorded. F o r p u r p o s e s o f th is study, a la te shift is e i t h e r a second ( e v e n in g ) shift w h ic h ends at o r n e a r m id n ig h t o r a t h i r d (night) shift w h ich starts at o r n e a r m id n ig h t. D i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r second and t h ird shifts a r e s u m m a r i z e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r ( 1 ) e s ta b lis h m e n t p o l i c i e s (an e s ta b l i s h m e n t's d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e ig h te d by a ll plaint w o r k e r s in th e e s ta b lis h m en t at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y ) and ( 2 ) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e s (an e s ta b l i s h m e n t's d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e ig h te d by plant w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on the s p e c i f i e d shift at the t i m e o f the s u r v e y ) . Scheduled w e e k l y h o urs; paid h o lid a y s ; paid v a c a tio n s ; and health, in s u r a n c e , and p ension p l a n s . P r o v i s i o n s w h ic h apply to a m a j o r i t y o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m en t a r e c o n s i d e r e d to ap ply to a ll plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in the e s ta b lis h m en t; a p r a c t i c e o r p r o v i s i o n is c o n s i d e r e d no nexiste nt wh en it ap p li es to l e s s than a m a j o r i t y . Holidays; v a c a tio n s ; and health, i n s u r a n ce , and p e n s ion plans a r e c o n s i d e r e d a p p lic a b le to e m p l o y e e s c u r r e n t l y e l i g i b l e f o r the b e n e fits as w e l l as to e m p l o y e e s who w i l l e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e e l i g i b l e . Scheduled w e e k l y ho ur s and days (ta b le B - 3 ) . Scheduled w e e k l y hours and days r e f e r to the nu m b e r o f hours and days p e r w e e k w h ic h f u l l t i m e f i r s t (d ay ) shift w o r k e r s a r e e xp e c te d to w o r k , w h eth e r paid f o r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e o r o v e r t i m e r a te s . P a i d ho lid a ys (ta b le B - 4 ) . H o l i d a y s a r e included o n ly i f th ey a r e g ra n te d annually on a f o r m a l b as is ( p r o v i d e d f o r in w r i t t e n f o r m o r e s t a b l i s h e d b y c u s to m ). T h e y a r e included even though in a p a r t i c u l a r y e a r th ey f a l l on a n o n w o rk d ay and e m p l o y e e s a r e not g ran ted an oth er day o ff. E m p l o y e e s m a y be p aid f o r th e t i m e o f f o r m a y r e c e i v e p r e m i u m pay in li e u o f t i m e off. Data a r e tab ula ted to show the p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r s who (1) a r e g ran te d s p e c i f i c n u m b e rs o f w h o le and h a lf h o li d ays and ( 2 ) a r e g ran te d s p e c i f i e d amounts o f t o ta l h o lid a y t i m e (w h o le and h a lf ho li d ays a r e a g g r e g a t e d ) . P a i d v a c a tio n s (ta b l e B - 5 ) . E s ta b lis h m e n ts r e p o r t t h e i r m ethod o f c a lc u la tin g v a c a tio n p ay ( t i m e b a s i s , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s , f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t , e tc .) and the amount o f v ac atio n p a y gran te d . O n ly b a s ic f o r m a l plans a r e r e p o r t e d . V a c a t i o n b on uses, v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p la n s , and " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e fits beyond b a s ic plans a r e excluded. F o r tabulating v a c a tio n pay g ra n te d , a l l p r o v i s i o n s a r e e x p r e s s e d on a t i m e b a s i s . V a c a t i o n p ay c a lc u la te d on oth e r than a t i m e b as is is c o n v e r t e d to its equiv ale nt t i m e p e r i o d . T w o p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , f o r e x a m p l e , is tab ula te d as 1 w e e k ' s v a c a tio n pay. A l s o , p r o v i s i o n s a f t e r each s p e c i f i e d le ngth o f s e r v i c e a r e r e l a t e d to a l l plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b lis h m en t r e g a r d l e s s o f length o f serv ic e . V a c a t i o n plans c o m m o n l y p r o v i d e f o r a l a r g e r amount o f v a c a tio n pay as s e r v i c e le ng the n s. Counts o f plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s by length o f s e r v i c e w e r e not obta ined. T h e tabulations o f v a c a tio n pay g ran te d p r e s e n t , t h e r e f o r e , s t a t i s t i c a l m e a s u r e s o f th e s e p r o v i s i o n s r a t h e r than p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s ac tu a lly r e c e i v i n g s p e c i f i c b e n e fits . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s ion plans ( ta b le s B - 6 and B - 7 L H e alth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s ion plans include plans f o r w h ich the e m p l o y e r pays e i th e r a l l o r p art o f the c o s t . T h e cos t m a y be (1) u n d e r w r itte n by a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n ce c o m p a n y o r n o n p r o f it o r g a n i z a t i o n , ( 2 ) c o v e r e d by a union fund to w h ich th e e m p l o y e r has con trib u ted , o r (3) b orne d i r e c t l y by th e e m p l o y e r out o f o p e r a t i n g funds o r a fund set a s i d e to c o v e r the cos t. A plan is included e v e n though a m a j o r i t y o f the e m p l o y e e s in an e s t a b l i s h men t do not c h o o s e to p a r t i c i p a t e in it b e c a u s e th e y a r e r e q u i r e d to b e a r p art o f its c o s t ( p r o v i d e d the c h o i c e to p a r t i c i p a t e is a v a i l a b l e o r w i l l e v e n tu a lly b e c o m e a v a i l a b l e to a m a j o r i t y ) . L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d plans such as s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t , w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p en s a tio n , and t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e 3 a r e excluded. L i f e i n s u r a n ce includes f o r m a l plans p r o v i d i n g in dem nity (u s u a lly th ro u gh an in s u r a n c e p o l i c y ) in c a s e o f death o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r . I n f o r m a t i o n is a ls o p r o v i d e d in t a b le B - 7 on ty p e s o f l i f e insuran ce plans and th e amount o f c o v e r a g e in a l l in d u s tr ie s c om b in e d and in m anufactu rin g. A c c i d e n t a l death and d i s m e m b e r m e n t is l i m i t e d to plans wh ich p r o v i d e b e ne fit p a y m e n ts in c a s e o f death o r l o s s o f l i m b o r sight as a d i r e c t r e s u l t o f an ac c id en t. Sickness and ac c id e n t i n s u r a n ce inclu des o n ly th ose plans which p r o v i d e that p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p ay m e n ts be m a d e d i r e c t l y to e m p l o y e e s who l o s e t i m e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f il l n e s s o r in ju r y , e . g . , $50 a w e e k f o r up to 2 6 w e e k s o f d i s a b i l i t y . Sick l e a v e plans a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l plans 4 wh ich p r o v i d e f o r continuing an e m p l o y e e ' s pay dur ing a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b ecause o f i l l n e s s . Data c o l l e c t e d d is tin g u is h b e tw e e n ( 1 ) plans w h ich p r o v i d e fu ll pay w ith no w a it in g p e r i o d , and ( 2 ) plans w h ich e i t h e r p r o v i d e p a r t i a l pay o r r e q u i r e a w a it in g p e r i o d . 3 Temporary disability insurance which provides benefits to covered wo deers disabled by injury or illness which is not work-connected is mandatory under State laws in California, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. Establishment plans which meet only the legal requirements are excluded from these data, but those under which (1) employers contribute more than is legally required or (2) benefits exceed those specified in the State law are included. In Rhode Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to which only employees contribute. In each of the other three States, benefits are paid either from a State fund or through a private plan. State fund financing: In California, only employees contribute to the State fund; in New Jersey, employees and employers contribute; in New York, employees contribute up to a specified maximum and employers pay the difference between the employees' share and the total contribution required. Private plan financing: In California and New Jersey, employees cannot be required to contribute more than they would if they were covered by the State fund; in New Yotk, employees can agree to contribute more if the State mles that the additional contribution is commensurate with the benefit provided. Federal legislation (Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act) provides temporary disability insurance benefits to railroad workers for illness or injury, whether woik-connected or not. The legislation requires that employers bear the entire cost of the insurance. 4 An establishment is considered as having a formal plan if it specifies at least the minimum number of days of sick leave available to each employee. Such a plan need not be written, but informal sick leave allowances determined on an individual basis are excluded. L o n g - t e r m d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n ce plans p r o v i d e p a y m e n ts to t o t a l l y d is a b le d e m p l o y e e s upon the e x p i r a ti o n o f t h e i r paid s ic k l e a v e and/or s i c k ne s s and ac c id e n t i n s u r a n c e , o r a f t e r a p r e d e t e r m i n e d p e r i o d o f d i s a b i l i t y ( t y p i c a l l y 6 months). P a y m e n t s a r e m ad e until the end o f the d i s a b i l i t y , a m a x i m u m a g e , o r e l i g i b i l i t y f o r r e t i r e m e n t b e n e f its . Fu ll or partial p a y m en ts a r e a l m o s t a lw a y s red u c e d by s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p e n s a tio n , and p r i v a t e pe n s io n b e n e fits p ay ab le to the d is a b l e d e m p l o y e e . H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l in s u ran ce plans r e p o r t e d in th e s e s u r v e y s p r o v i d e full o r p a r t i a l pay m e nt f o r b a s ic s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d . H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n ce c o v e r s h o s pital r o o m and b o a r d and m a y c o v e r ot h e r h o s p it a l e x p e n s e s . S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n ce c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' f e e s . M edical i n s u r a n ce c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' f e e s f o r h o m e , o f f i c e , o r ho spital c a l l s . P lans r e s t r i c t e d to p o s t - o p e r a t i v e m e d i c a l c a r e o r a d o c t o r ' s c a r e f o r m in o r a ilm e n ts at a w o r k e r ' s p l a c e o f e m p lo y m e n t a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to be m e d i c a l in s u ran ce . M a j o r m e d i c a l in s uran ce c o v e r a g e ap p lie s to s e r v i c e s w h ic h go beyo nd the b a s ic s e r v i c e s c o v e r e d under h o s p i t a l i z a ti o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l in s u ran ce . M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n ce t y p i c a l l y (1) r e q u i r e s that a " d e d u c t i b l e " ( e . g . , $50) be m e t b e f o r e b e n e fits b e gin , ( 2 ) has a c o in su ra n c e f e a t u r e that r e q u i r e s the in sured to pay a p o r ti o n ( e . g . , 2 0 p e rc e n t) o f c e r t a i n e x p e n s e s , and (3) has a s p e c i f i e d d o l l a r m a x im u m o f b e n e fits ( e . g . , $ 10 ,0 0 0 a y ea r). L ab or-m an ag em en t agreem ent c o v e ra g e T h e f o l l o w i n g ta bulation shows the p e r c e n t o f f u l l - t i m e plant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts in the H u n ts v i l l e a r e a in w h ich a union c o n t r a c t o r c o n tra c t s c o v e r e d a m a j o r i t y o f the w o r k e r s in the r e s p e c t i v e c a t e g o r i e s , F e b r u a r y 1977: Plant w o r k e r s A l l i n d u s t r i e s ________________ M a n u f a c t u r i n g ___________ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g _______ O ffic e w o r k e r s ^3 jh 33 37 19 A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t is c o n s i d e r e d to h a ve a c o n t r a c t c o v e r i n g all plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f such w o r k e r s is c o v e r e d by a l a b o r m anagem ent agreem en t. T h e r e f o r e , all o t h e r plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s are e m p l o y e d in e s ta b lis h m e n ts that e i t h e r do not ha ve l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t con t r a c t s in e f fe c t , o r ha ve c on tra c t s that apply to f e w e r than h a lf o f t h e i r plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s . E s t i m a t e s a r e not n e c e s s a r i l y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the extent to w h ic h all w o r k e r s in the a r e a m a y be c o v e r e d by the p r o v i s i o n s o f l a b o r m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s , b e c a u s e s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e exclu ded and the in d u s tr ia l sc op e o f the s u r v e y is l i m i t e d . Dental in s u ran ce plans p r o v i d e n o r m a l dental s e r v i c e b e n e f its , u s u a lly f o r f i l l i n g s , e x t r a c t i o n s , and X - r a y s . P la n s w h ic h p r o v i d e b e n e fits on ly f o r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a i r i n g a c c id en t d a m a g e a r e not r e p o r t e d . R e t i r e m e n t pe n s ion plans p r o v i d e f o r r e g u l a r p aym ents to the r e t i r e e for life . Included a r e d e f e r r e d p r o f i t - s h a r i n g plans which p r o v i d e the option o f p u r c h a s in g a l i f e t i m e annuity. In d u s tr ia l c o m p o s i t i o n in m an u fa c tu rin g A l m o s t t w o - t h i r d s o f the w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in the H u n ts v ille a r e a w e r e e m p l o y e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g f i r m s . The follow ing p r e s e n t s the m a j o r in d u s tr y group s and s p e c i f i c in d u s tr ie s as a p e r c e n t o f a ll m an u fac tu rin g: In d u s try group s S p e c i f i c in d ustr ies E l e c t r i c a l equ ip m en t and s u p p l i e s ____________________ 23 A p p a r e l and o t h e r t e x t i l e p r o d u c t s _______________________ 13 F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ___ 13 C h e m i c a l s and a llie d p r o d u c t s _______________________ 9 T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s _________ 8 M achin ery, except e l e c t r i c a l _____________________ 5 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ___ 5 C o m m u n ic a tio n e q u i p m e n t ___ 15 M e a t p r o d u c t s __________________ 9 M e n ' s and b o y s ' f u r n i s h i n g s . . 9 W e a v i n g m i l l s , cotton ________ 7 P l a s t i c s m a t e r i a l s and s y n t h e t i c s _____________________ 5 T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is b as e d on e s t i m a t e s o f tota l e m p l o y m e n t d e r i v e d f r o m u n i v e r s e m a t e r i a l s c o m p i l e d b e f o r e actual s u r v e y . P r o p o r t i o n s in v a r io u s in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t i o n s b as e d on the r e s u lt s o f the s u r v e y as shown in appendix table 1 . 24 Appendix ta b le 1. E stablishm ents and w orkers w ith in scope of survey and num ber studied in H u n tsville, A la .,1 February 1977 N u m b e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts In d u s t r y d i v is io n 2 M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b lis h m e n ts in scope o f s tu d y W o rk e rs in e s ta b lis h m e n ts W ith in scope o f stu d y W ith in scope o f s tu d y 5 Studied T o t a l4 S tudied N um ber ALL DIVI SION S ------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------------------------t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and OTHER PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 5 -------- -----------------------whol es al e tra de ----------------------------------------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------------------------FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE -----------SERVICES8 ------------------------------------------------------------ _ F u l l- t i m e o ffic e w o rk e r s T o t a l4 155 70 35 ,2 64 100 23,58 3 3, 05 5 23,1 32 50 “ 67 88 24 46 21 ,4 09 13,855 61 39 17,690 5, 8 93 1,052 2,0 03 13,936 9, 19 6 50 50 50 50 50 3 2 43 8 32 3 2 17 6 18 825 229 4 ,8 7 3 993 6, 9 35 2 1 14 3 20 ( 6> ( 6) <6) ( 6> ( 6> 825 229 2,4 57 848 4, 83 7 1 T h e H u n ts v ille S ta n d a rd M e tr o p o lita n S ta t is t ic a l A r e a , as d e fin e d by th e O ffic e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t th ro u g h F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n s is ts o f L im e s to n e , M a d is o n , and M a r s h a ll C o u n tie s . The " w o r k e r s w ith in scope o f s tu d y " e s tim a te s show n in t h is ta b le p ro v id e a re a s o n a b ly a c c u ra te d e s c r ip tio n o f th e s iz e and c o m p o s itio n o f th e la b o r fo r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u rv e y . E s tim a te s a re not in te n d e d , h o w e v e r, f o r c o m p a ris o n w ith o th e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u re e m p lo y m e n t tre n d s o r le v e ls s in c e (1) p la n n in g o f w age s u rv e y s r e q u ir e s e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in adva nce o f th e p a y r o ll p e r io d s tu d ie d , and (2) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a re e x c lu d e d fr o m th e scope o f th e s u rv e y . 2 T he 1972 e d itio n o f th e S ta n d a rd I n d u s t r ia l C la s s if ic a tio n M a n u a l w a s used to c la s s if y e s ta b lis h m e n ts by in d u s tr y d iv is io n . H o w e v e r, a ll g o v e rn m e n t o p e ra tio n s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e scope o f th e s u rv e y . 3 In c lu d e s a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith t o ta l e m p lo y m e n t at o r above th e m in im u m lim it a t io n . A ll o u tle ts ( w ith in th e a re a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s tr ie s such as tr a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a ir s e r v ic e , and m o tio n p ic tu r e th e a te rs a re c o n s id e re d as 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 In c lu d e s e x e c u tiv e , p r o fe s s io n a l, p a r t - t im e , and o th e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e p a ra te p la n t and o f fic e c a te g o r ie s . P e rc e n t F u l l- t i m e p la n t w o rk e r s ( ( ( ( ( 6> 6> 6) 7) 6> 5 T a x ic a b s and s e r v ic e s in c id e n ta l to w a te r t r a n s p o r ta tio n a re e x c lu d e d . H u n ts v ille 's e le c t r i c and gas u t il it ie s a r e m u n ic ip a lly o p e ra te d and a r e e x c lu d e d by d e fin itio n f r o m th e scope o f th e s tu d y . 6 T h is d iv is io n is r e p re s e n te d in e s tim a te s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu rin g " in th e A - s e r ie s ta b le s , and f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " in th e B - s e r ie s ta b le s . S e p a ra te p re s e n ta tio n o f data is not m ade f o r one o r m o re o f th e fo llo w in g re a s o n s : (1) E m p lo y m e n t is to o s m a ll to p ro v id e enough d a ta to m e r it s e p a ra te s tu d y , (2) th e s a m p le w as not d e sig n e d in i t i a l l y to p e r m it s e p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n , (3) re s p o n s e w as in s u ffic ie n t o r in a d e q u a te to p e r m it s e p a ra te p r e s e n ta tio n , and (4) th e r e is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t data. 7 W o r k e rs f r o m t h is e n tir e d iv is io n a re r e p re s e n te d in e s tim a te s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and " n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in th e A - s e r ie s ta b le s , but f r o m th e r e a l e s ta te p o r tio n o n ly in e s tim a te s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and " n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in th e B - s e r ie s ta b le s . S e p a ra te p re s e n ta tio n o f data is n o t m ade f o r one o r m o re o f th e re a s o n s g iv e n in fo o tn o te 6. 8 H o te ls and m o te ls ; la u n d r ie s and o th e r p e rs o n a l s e r v ic e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v ic e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a ir , r e n t a l, and p a r k in g ; m o tio n p ic tu r e s ; n o n p ro fit m e m b e rs h ip o rg a n iz a tio n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a r ita b le o r g a n iz a tio n s ) ; and e n g in e e rin g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v ic e s . 25 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g job d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r the B u r e a u 's w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f i e l d s ta f f in c l a s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r i a t e occupations w o r k e r s who a r e e m p l o y e d un der a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s ta b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m en t and f r o m a r e a to a r e a . T h is p e r m i t s the gro up ing o f occupational w a g e r a te s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e jo b content. B e c a u s e o f this e m p h a s is on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y of occupational conte nt, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m th ose in us e in in d iv id u al e s ta b lis h m e n ts o r th ose p r e p a r e d f o r other pu rpo s es . In ap p ly in g t h e s e job d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u 's f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e in s tr u c te d to e xc lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; and p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . Handicapped w o r k e r s w h o s e e a r n in g s a r e r ed u c e d b e c a u s e of t h e i r handicap a r e a l s o exclud ed . T r a i n e e s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the s u r v e y e xc e p t f o r th ose r e c e i v i n g o n - t h e - j o b t r a in in g in s o m e of the l o w e r l e v e l p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n i c a l occupations. Office S E C R E T A R Y — Continued SECRETARY E x c l u s i o n s — Continued A s s i g n e d as a p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to one ind iv id u al. M ain tain s a c l o s e and h ig h ly r e s p o n s i v e r e l a ti o n s h i p to the d a y - t o - d a y a c t i v i t i e s o f the s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d ep end ently r e c e i v i n g a m i n i m u m o f d e ta i l e d s u p e r v i s i o n and guidance. P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l duties r e q u i r i n g a k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e routin e and understanding o f the o r g a n i z a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v i s o r . Exclusions Not a l l p o s itio n s that a r e t i t l e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the above c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p l e s o f p o s itio n s w h ic h a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the d efin ition a r e as f o l l o w s : a. P o s i t i o n s w h ic h do not d e s c r i b e d above; m e e t the "p erso n a l" b. S t e n o g r a p h e r s not fu l l y t r a i n e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e duties; c. S t e n o g r a p h e r s s e r v i n g as o f f i c e a s s is ta n ts f e s s i o n a l , te c h n i c a l , o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n s ; d. A s s i s t a n t - t y p e p os itio n s w h ich enta il m o r e d i f fi c u l t o r m o r e r e s p o n s ib le te c h n i c a l , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , o r s u p e r v i s o r y duties wh ich a r e not t y p ic a l- o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k , e . g . , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A s s i s t ant, o r E x e c u t i v e A s s i s t a n t ; L i s t e d b e l o w a r e s e v e r a l occupations f o r w h ic h r e v i s e d d e s c r i p t i o n s o r t i t l e s a r e b e in g in tro d u ce d in this s u r v e y : O r d e r clerk P a y r o ll clerk Secretary S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r S w itc h b o a r d o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t i o n i s t T r a n s c r i b i n g - m a c h i n e t y p is t M ac h in e t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) T o o l and die m a k e r Guard S h ip per and r e c e i v e r (p re v io u sly surveyed as shipping and receivin g clerk ) T ru ckd river T h e B u re a u has d is contin ued c o l l e c t i n g data f o r t a b u la tin g - m a c h in e o p e r a t o r . W o r k e r s p r e v i o u s l y c l a s s i f i e d as w a t c h m e n a r e now c l a s s i f i e d as guards un der the r e v i s e d d e s c r i p t i o n . 26 secretary to a group concept of p ro S E C R E T A R Y — C ontinued S E C R E T A R Y — Continued E x c lu s io n s — Continued C l a s s i f i c a t i o n by L e v e l — Continued e. P o s i t i o n s w h ic h do not fit any o f the situations l i s t e d in the s e c t io n s b e l o w t i t l e d " L e v e l o f S u p e r v i s o r , " e . g . , s e c r e t a r y to the p r e s i d e n t o f a com p any that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 5 ,00 0 p e r s o n s ; f. T ra in ees. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n by L e v e l LS—4 S e c r e t a r y jo bs w h ic h m e e t the ab ov e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e m atc h e d at one o f f i v e l e v e l s a c c o r d i n g to (a ) the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y ' s s u p e r v i s o r w ith in the c o m p a n y 's o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s tr u c tu r e and, (b) the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . T h e c hart f o l l o w i n g the explanations o f th es e two f a c t o r s in d ic a te s the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y f o r e ach com bination o f the factors. e. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f a l a r g e and im p o rt a n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n t ( e . g . , a m id d l e m a n a g e m e n t s u p e r v i s o r o f an o r g a n i za tio n a l s e g m e n t ofte n i n v o l v i n g as m any as s e v e r a l hundred p e r s o n s ) o f a com p any that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . a. S e c r e t a r y to the c h a i r m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a com p any that e m p l o y s , in a l l , o v e r 100 but f e w e r than 5,000 p e rs o n s ; or b. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r (o t h e r than the c h a ir m a n of the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r than 25, 000 p e r s o n s ; or c. S e c r e t a r y to the head, i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w the c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r l e v e l , o f a m a j o r s e g m e n t o r s u b s id ia ry o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 25, 000 p e r s o n s . L e v e l of S e c r e t a r y ' s S u p e r v i s o r (L S ) S e c r e t a r i e s should be m a tc h e d at one o f the fo u r LS l e v e l s d e s c r i b e d b e l o w a c c o r d i n g to the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y ' s s u p e r v i s o r with in the com pan y o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s tr u c tu r e . LS—1 LS—2 LS—3 a. S e c r e t a r y to the s u p e r v i s o r o r head o f a s m a l l unit ( e . g . , f e w e r than about 25 o r 30 p e r s o n s ) ; o r org anization al b. S e c r e t a r y to a n o n s u p e r v i s o r y s ta f f s p e c i a l i s t , p r o f e s s i o n a l e m p l o y e e , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e r o r as s is ta n t , s k i l l e d te c h n icia n o r expert. (N O TE : Many c om p an ie s as s ign s t e n o g r a p h e r s , r a t h e r than s e c r e t a r i e s as d e s c r i b e d a b ov e , to this l e v e l o f s u p e rv is o r y o r n on su pervisory w o r k e r .) a. S e c r e t a r y to an e x e c u ti v e o r m a n a g e r i a l p e r s o n wh ose r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is not equiv ale nt to one o f the s p e c i f i c l e v e l situations in the d e fin ition f o r L S —3, but w h os e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l unit n o r m a l l y n u m b e rs at l e a s t s e v e r a l d ozen e m p l o y e e s and is usually d iv id e d into o r g a n i z a t i o n a l s e g m e n ts wh ic h a r e ofte n, in turn, f u r th e r subdiv ided. In s o m e c o m p a n ie s , this l e v e l includes a w id e range o f o r g a n i z a t i o n a l e c h e lo n s ; in o t h e r s , on ly one o r tw o; or b. S e c r e t a r y to the head o f an in d iv id u al plant, f a c t o r y , e t c . , ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in a ll, f e w e r than 5 ,0 0 0 p e r s o n s . a. S e c r e t a r y to the c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in a l l , f e w e r than 1 0 0 p e r s o n s ; o r b. S e c r e t a r y to a c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r ( o t h e r than c h a ir m a n o f the b o a r d o r p r e s i d e n t ) o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in a ll, o v e r 1 0 0 but f e w e r than 5 ,00 0 p e r s o n s ; o r c. d. S e c r e t a r y to the head ( i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w the o f f i c e r l e v e l ) o v e r e i t h e r a m a j o r c o r p o r a t e w i d e functional a c t i v i t y ( e . g . , m a r k e t i n g , r e s e a r c h , o p e r a t i o n s , i n d u s tr ia l r e l a t i o n s , e t c . ) o r a m a j o r geo grap h ic o r org an iza tion al segm ent (e .g ., a region al headquar t e r s ; a m a j o r d i v i s i o n ) o f a com pany that e m p l o y s , in all, o v e r 5, 000 but f e w e r than 25, 000 e m p l o y e e s ; o r S e c r e t a r y to the head o f ( o r o t h e r e q u iv a le n t l e v e l o v e r 5 ,00 0 p e r s o n s ; o r N O T E : T h e t e r m " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r " used in the above LS d e f inition r e f e r s to th ose o f f i c i a l s who ha ve a s ig n if ic a n t c o r p o r a t e w i d e p o l i c y m ak in g r o l e w ith r e g a r d to m a j o r com pany a c t i v i t i e s . The t itle " v i c e p r e s i d e n t , " though n o r m a l l y in d i c a t i v e o f this r o l e , does not in all c ases i d e n tify such p o s itio n s . V i c e p r e s i d e n t s w h os e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is to act p e r s o n a l l y on ind iv id u al c a s e s o r tr a n s a c tio n s (e . g . , a p p ro v e o r deny ind iv id u al loan o r c r e d i t a c tio n s ; a d m i n i s t e r in dividual tr u s t ac counts; d i r e c t l y s u p e r v i s e a c l e r i c a l s ta ff) a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to be " c o r p o r a t e o f f i c e r s " f o r p u r p o s e s o f ap plying the d efin ition . L e v e l o f S e c r e t a r y 's R espo n sibility (L R ) T h i s f a c t o r ev alu ate s the natu re o f the w o r k rela tio n sh ip b e tw e e n the s e c r e t a r y and the s u p e r v i s o r , and the extent to w h ich the s e c r e t a r y is e x p e c te d to e x e r c i s e in i t i a t i v e and jud gm ent. S e c r e t a r i e s should be m atc h e d at L R —1 o r L R —2 d e s c r i b e d b e l o w a c c o r d i n g to t h e i r l e v e l o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . L e v e l o f R e s p o n s i b i l i t y 1 ( L R —1) P e r f o r m s v a r i e d s e c r e t a r i a l duties including o r c o m p a r a b l e to m o s t o f the fo llo w in g : a. A n s w e r s t e le p h o n e s , c om in g m a i l . b. A n s w e r s te le p h on e r eq u e sts w h ich ha ve stan da rd a n s w e r s . r e p l y to r e q u e s t s by sending a f o r m l e t t e r . c. R e v i e w s c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , m e m o r a n d a , and r e p o r ts p r e p a r e d by o t h e rs f o r the s u p e r v i s o r ' s s ign atu re to ens u re p r o c e d u r a l and typograph ica l accuracy. d. M ain tain s s u p e r v i s o r ' s i n s tr u c te d . e. T y p e s , takes and t r a n s c r i b e s d ictatio n, and f i l e s . an in d iv id u al plant, f a c t o r y , e tc . , o f o f f i c i a l ) that e m p l o y s , in all, greets personal c a le n d a r and callers, m a k es and opens app ointments in M ay as S E C R E T A R Y — C ontinued S T E N O G R A P H E R — C ontinued L e v e l o f R e s p o n s i b i l i t y 2 ( L R —2) S ten ograph er, Senior P e r f o r m s duties d e s c r i b e d under L R —1 and, in a d d ition p e r f o r m s ta s k s r e q u i r i n g g r e a t e r ju d g m e n t , i n i t i a t i v e , and k n o w le d g e o f o f f i c e functions in clu ding o r c o m p a r a b l e to m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : a. S c r e e n s te le p h o n e and p e r s o n a l c a l l e r s , d e t e r m i n i n g wh ich can be handled b y the s u p e r v i s o r ' s s ub ord inates o r o t h e r o f f i c e s . b. A n s w e r s r e q u e s t s w h ic h r e q u i r e a d e ta ile d k n o w le d g e o f o f fic e p ro ced u res o r collection of inform ation f r o m file s o r other o ffic e s. M a y sign routine c o r r e s p o n d e n c e in own o r s u p e r v i s o r ' s nam e. c. C o m p i l e s o r a s s i s t s in c o m p ilin g p e r i o d i c o f g e n e r a l in s tr u c tio n s . d. Sch ed u le s te n t a ti v e ap pointm ents without p r i o r c l e a r a n c e . As s e m b l e s n e c e s s a r y b ac k groun d m a t e r i a l f o r s c hed uled m e e t i n g s . M a k e s a r r a n g e m e n t s f o r m e e t i n g s and c o n fe r e n c e s . e. E x p la in s s u p e r v i s o r ' s r e q u i r e m e n t s to o t h e r e m p l o y e e s in s u p e r v i s o r ' s unit. ( A l s o t y p e s , takes d ic ta tio n , and f i l e s . ) The follow in g and L R com b in atio n . c hart r e p o r t s on the b a s is shows the l e v e l o f the s e c r e t a r y f o r e a c h LS L e v e l of s e c r e ta r y 's su p ervisor OR P e r f o r m s s te n o g r a p h ic duties r e q u i r i n g s i g n i f i c a n t l y g r e a t e r i n d epen den ce and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y than s t e n o g r a p h e r , g e n e r a l , as e v i d e n c e d by the f o l l o w i n g : W o r k r e q u i r e s a hig h d e g r e e o f s te n o gr a p h ic s p ee d and a c c u r a c y ; a th orou g h w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f g e n e r a l b u s iness and o f f i c e p r o c e d u re ; and o f the s p e c i f i c b u s in e s s o p e r a t i o n s , o r g a n i z a t i o n , p o l i c i e s , p r o c e d u r e s , f i l e s , w o r k f l o w , e tc . U s e s this k n o w le d g e in p e r f o r m i n g s t e n o g r a p h i c duties and r e s p o n s i b l e c l e r i c a l ta s k s such as m ainta ining f o l l o w up f i l e s ; a s s e m b l i n g m a t e r i a l f o r r e p o r t s , m e m o r a n d a , and l e t t e r s ; c o m p o s in g s i m p l e l e t t e r s f r o m g e n e r a l in s tr u c tio n s ; re a d in g and routing in c o m in g m a i l ; and a n s w e r i n g routine q u e s tio n s , etc . T R A N S 'C R IB IN G -M A C H IN E T Y P I S T P r i m a r y duty is to ty pe copy o f v o i c e r e c o r d e d d icta tion w h ich does not i n v o l v e v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y such as that used in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y a ls o typ e f r o m w r i t t e n copy. M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , k e ep s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m ot h e r r e l a t i v e l y routin e c l e r i c a l ta s k s . (See S t e n o g r a p h e r d e fin itio n f o r w o r k e r s in v o l v e d w ith sho rthand d ic ta tio n .) L e v e l of s e c r e ta r y 's respon sibility T Y P IS T L R —1 | jE E E E E = E E D ic tatio n i n v o l v e s a v a r i e d t e c h n i c a l o r s p e c i a l i z e d v o c a b u l a r y such as in l e g a l b r i e f s o r r e p o r t s on s c i e n t i f i c r e s e a r c h . M a y also set up and m a in ta in f i l e s , k e e p r e c o r d s , e tc . C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s E D C B L R —2 C la s s C la s s C la s s C la s s D C B A STENOGRAPHER P r i m a r y duty is to tak e d ic tatio n using sho rthand, and to t r a n s c r i b e the d ic tatio n . M a y a ls o ty p e f r o m w r i t t e n copy. M ay operate fr o m a s te n o g r a p h ic p o o l. M ay o cc a s io n a lly tr a n s c r ib e f r o m v o ic e r eco rd in g s (if p r i m a r y duty is t r a n s c r i b i n g f r o m r e c o r d i n g s , s e e T r a n s c r i b i n g - M a c h i n e Typ ist). N O T E : T h is jo b is d is tin g u is h e d f r o m that o f a s e c r e t a r y in that a s e c r e t a r y n o r m a l l y w o r k s in a c o n fi d e n t i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p w ith o n ly one m a n a g e r o r e x e c u t i v e and p e r f o r m s m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e and d i s c r e t i o n a r y ta s k s as d e s c r i b e d in the s e c r e t a r y jo b d e fin ition . U s e s a t y p e w r i t e r to m ak e c o p i e s o f v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s o r to m ak e out b i l l s a f t e r c a lc u la tio n s have been m a d e by an oth er p e r s o n . M a y include ty p ing o f s t e n c i l s , m a t s , o r s i m i l a r m a t e r i a l s f o r use in dup licating processes. M a y do c l e r i c a l w o r k i n v o l v i n g l i t t l e s p e c i a l t r a i n i n g , such as k e e p in g s i m p l e r e c o r d s , f i l i n g r e c o r d s and r e p o r t s , o r s o r ti n g and d is trib u t in g i n c o m i n g m a i l . C la s s A . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : T y p in g m a t e r i a l in fi n a l f o r m when it i n v o l v e s c o m b in in g m a t e r i a l f r o m s e v e r a l s o u r c e s ; o r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o r r e c t s p e l l i n g , s y l l a b i c a t i o n , punctuation, e tc ., o f t e c h n i c a l o r unusual w o r d s o r f o r e i g n langu age m a t e r i a l ; o r planning lay out and typing o f c o m p l i c a t e d s t a t i s t i c a l t a b l e s to m a in ta in u n i fo r m i ty and b a la n c e in s p ac ing . M a y t y p e routine f o r m l e t t e r s , v a r y i n g d eta ils to suit circum stances. C la s s B . P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : Copy ty ping f r o m rou gh o r c l e a r d r a ft s ; o r routine ty p in g o f f o r m s , i n s u r a n c e p o l i c i e s , e tc . ; o r s e ttin g up s i m p l e sta n d a rd tab u la tio n s; o r c op y in g m o r e c o m p l e x t a b l e s a l r e a d y set up and s p a c e d p r o p e r l y . F IL E CLERK Stenographer, G eneral keep F i l e s , c l a s s i f i e s , and r e t r i e v e s m a t e r i a l in an e s ta b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m . M a y p e r f o r m c l e r i c a l and m anual tasks r e q u i r e d to m ainta in f i l e s . P o s i t i o n s a r e c l a s s i f i e d into l e v e l s on the b a s i s o f the f o l l o w i n g d e fin itio n s . D i c ta ti o n i n v o l v e s a n o r m a l routin e v o c a b u l a r y . M a y m a in ta in f i l e s , s i m p l e r e c o r d s , o r p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t i v e l y routine c l e r i c a l ta s k s . 28 F I L E C L E R K — Continued O R D E R C L E R K — Continued C la s s A . C l a s s i f i e s and ind exes f i l e m a t e r i a l such as c o r r e s p o n d e n c e , r e p o r t s , t e c h n i c a l d oc u m e n ts , e tc . , in an e s t a b l i s h e d f i l i n g s y s t e m containing a n u m b e r o f v a r i e d subject m a t t e r f i l e s . M a y als o f i l e this m a t e r i a l . M a y k e e p r e c o r d s o f v a r i o u s ty pes in con junctio n w ith the f i l e s . M a y le a d a s m a l l g ro u p o f l o w e r l e v e l f i l e c l e r k s . ad equacy o f i n f o r m a t i o n r e c o r d e d ; a s c e r t a i n i n g c r e d i t rating o f c u s to m e r; fu rn is h in g c u s t o m e r w ith ac k n o w le d g e m e n t o f r e c e i p t o f o r d e r ; fo l l o w i n g - u p to s ee that o r d e r is d e l i v e r e d by the s p e c i f i e d date o r to let c u s to m e r know o f a d e la y in d e l i v e r y ; m a in ta in in g o r d e r f i l e ; check ing shipping in v o i c e ag ain s t o r i g i n a l o r d e r . C l a s s B . S o r t s , c o d e s , and f i l e s u n c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l by s i m p l e (s u b je ct m a t t e r ) headin gs o r p a r t l y c l a s s i f i e d m a t e r i a l b y f i n e r subhead ings. P r e p a r e s s i m p l e r e l a t e d in dex and c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e aids. A s r eq u e sted , l o c a t e s c l e a r l y i d e n t i f i e d m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l . M a y p e r f o r m r e l a t e d c l e r i c a l tasks r e q u i r e d to m ain ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . E x c lu d e w o r k e r s paid on a c o m m i s s i o n b a s is o r wh os e duties include any o f the f o l l o w i n g : R e c e i v i n g o r d e r s f o r s e r v i c e s r a t h e r than f o r m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e ; p r o v i d i n g c u s t o m e r s w ith c o n s u lta tiv e a d v i c e using k n o w l edge g ain e d f r o m e n g i n e e r i n g o r e x t e n s i v e t e c h n ic a l tr a in in g; e m p h a s iz in g s e l l i n g s k i l l s ; handling m a t e r i a l o r m e r c h a n d i s e as an i n t e g r a l p art o f the job. C l a s s C . P e r f o r m s routine f i l i n g o f m a t e r i a l that has a l r e a d y been c l a s s i f i e d o r w h ich is e a s i l y c l a s s i f i e d in a s i m p l e s e r i a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m ( e . g . , a lp h a b e tic a l, c h r o n o l o g i c a l , o r n u m e r i c a l ) . As requested, l o c a t e s r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l in f i l e s and f o r w a r d s m a t e r i a l ; and m ay f i l l out w it h d r a w a l c h a r g e . M ay p e r f o r m s i m p l e c l e r i c a l and m anual tasks r e q u i r e d to m ain ta in and s e r v i c e f i l e s . P ositio n s d efin ition s: MESSENGER P e r f o r m s v a r i o u s routine duties such as running e r r a n d s , o p e r a tin g m i n o r o f f i c e m a c h in e s such as s e a l e r s o r m a i l e r s , opening and d is trib u tin g m a i l , and o t h e r m i n o r c l e r i c a l w o r k . E x c lu d e p o s itio n s that r e q u i r e o p e r a tio n o f a m o t o r v e h i c l e as a s i g n ific a n t duty. are classified into levels according to the f o llo w in g C l a s s A . Han dles o r d e r s that i n v o l v e m ak ing judgments such as cho osing w h ic h s p e c i f i c p ro d uct o r m a t e r i a l f r o m the e s ta b l i s h m e n t's pro duc t l in e s w i l l s a t i s f y the c u s t o m e r ' s n e e d s , o r d e t e r m i n i n g the p r i c e to be quoted wh en p r i c i n g i n v o l v e s m o r e than m e r e l y r e f e r r i n g to a p r i c e lis t o r making s o m e s i m p l e m a t h e m a t i c a l ca lc u la tio n s . C l a s s B. H andles o r d e r s i n v o l v i n g i t e m s wh ich have r e a d i l y i d e n t i f i e d uses and ap p lic a tio n s . M a y r e f e r to a ca ta lo g, m a n u f a c t u r e r 's m an ual, o r s i m i l a r docum ent to in s u r e that p r o p e r i t e m is supplied o r to v e r i f y p r i c e o f o r d e r e d i te m . A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K S W IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a te le p h on e s w itc h b o a rd o r c on s o le used w ith a p r i v a t e b ra n c h e xc h a n g e ( P B X ) s y s t e m to r e l a y in c o m i n g , ou tg oing, and i n t r a s y s t e m calls. M a y p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n to c a l l e r s , r e c o r d and t r a n s m i t m e s s a g e s , k e ep r e c o r d o f c a lls p l a c e d and t o l l c h a r g e s . B e s i d e s o p e r a ti n g a te le p h on e s w i t c h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e , m a y als o typ e o r p e r f o r m routine c l e r i c a l w o r k (ty ping o r routine c l e r i c a l w o r k m a y o c c u p y the m a j o r p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r ' s t i m e , and is u s u all y p e r f o r m e d w h ile at the s w itc h b o a r d o r c o n s o l e ) . C h i e f o r le a d o p e r a t o r s in e s ta b l i s h m e n ts e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one o p e r a t o r a r e e x c lu d e d . F o r an o p e r a t o r who als o acts as a r e c e p t i o n i s t , s e e S w itc h b o a r d O p erator-R ecep tion ist. SW IT C H B O A R D O P E R A T O R -R E C E P T IO N IS T A t a s i n g l e - p o s i t i o n te le p h on e s w i tc h b o a r d o r c o n s o le , acts both as an o p e r a t o r — s e e S w i t c h b o a r d O p e r a t o r — and as a r e c e p t i o n i s t . R e c e p t i o n i s t ' s w o r k i n v o l v e s such duties as g r e e t i n g v i s i t o r s ; d e t e r m i n i n g natu re o f v i s i t o r ' s b u s in e s s and p r o v i d i n g a p p r o p r i a t e i n f o r m a t i o n ; r e f e r r i n g v i s i t o r to a p p r o p r i a t e p e r s o n in the o r g a n i z a t i o n o r con ta cting that p e r s o n by te le p h on e and a r r a n g i n g an a p p oin tm en t; k e e p in g a lo g o f v i s i t o r s . ORDER CLERK R e c e iv e s w ritten o r v e rb a l c u sto m ers' purchase o r d e rs fo r m a te ria l o r m e r c h a n d i s e f r o m c u s t o m e r s o r s a le s p e o p le . W o rk ty p ica lly in vo lves s o m e c o m b in a tio n o f the f o l l o w i n g duties: Quoting p r i c e s ; d e t e r m i n i n g a v a i l a b i l i t y o f o r d e r e d i t e m s and s u g g e s tin g substitutes when n e c e s s a r y ; a d v is in g e x p e c t e d d e l i v e r y date and m e t h o d o f d e l i v e r y ; r e c o r d i n g o r d e r and c u s t o m e r i n f o r m a t i o n on o r d e r s h e e ts ; check in g o r d e r she e ts f o r a c c u r a c y and P e r f o r m s one o r m o r e accounting c l e r i c a l tasks such as posting to r e g i s t e r s and l e d g e r s ; r e c o n c i l i n g bank accoun ts; v e r i f y i n g the in t e r n a l con s i s t e n c y , c o m p l e t e n e s s , and m a t h e m a t i c a l a c c u r a c y o f accounting docum ents; a s s ig n in g p r e s c r i b e d accounting d is trib u t io n cod es; e xam in in g and v e r i f y i n g f o r c l e r i c a l a c c u r a c y v a r i o u s ty p e s o f r e p o r t s , l i s t s , c alc u latio n s , p ostin g, e tc .; o r p r e p a r i n g s i m p l e o r a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r i n g m o r e c o m p l i c a te d j o u rn a l vouchers. M a y w o r k in e i t h e r a m anua l o r automated accounting s y s te m . T h e w o r k r e q u i r e s a k n o w le d g e o f c l e r i c a l m et hods and o f f i c e p r a c t i c e s and p r o c e d u r e s wh ic h r e l a t e s to the c l e r i c a l p r o c e s s i n g and r e c o r d i n g o f tr a n s a c t i o n s and accounting in f o r m a tio n . W ith e x p e r i e n c e , the w o r k e r t y p i c a l l y b e c o m e s f a m i l i a r with the bookk eep ing and accounting t e r m s and p r o c e d u r e s used in the a s s i g n e d w o r k , but is not r e q u i r e d to have a k n o w le d g e o f the f o r m a l p r i n c i p l e s o f b oo kk e e p in g and accounting. Positions defin ition s: are cla s s ifie d into le v els on the b as is of the f o l l o w i n g C la s s A . U n d e r g e n e r a l s u p e r v i s i o n , p e r f o r m s accounting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s w h ic h r e q u i r e the ap p lic a tion o f e x p e r i e n c e and ju d g m e n t, f o r e x a m p l e , c l e r i c a l l y p r o c e s s i n g c o m p l i c a t e d o r n o n r e p e t i t i v e ac counting t r a n s ac tio n s , s e l e c t i n g amon g a sub sta ntial v a r i e t y o f p r e s c r i b e d accounting codes and c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s , o r t r a c i n g tr a n s a c ti o n s th ro ugh p r e v i o u s accounting actions to d e t e r m i n e s o u r c e o f d i s c r e p a n c i e s . M a y be a s s i s t e d by one o r m o r e c la s s B accou nting c l e r k s . C l a s s B. U n d e r c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n , f o l l o w i n g d e ta ile d instructio ns and s ta n d a r d iz e d p r o c e d u r e s , p e r f o r m s one o r m o r e routine accounting c l e r i c a l o p e r a t i o n s , such as p ostin g to l e d g e r s , c a r d s , o r w o r k s h e e ts A C C O U N T I N G C L E R K — Continued M A C H I N E B I L L E R — Continued w h e r e id e n t i f i c a t i o n o f i te m s and loc a tion s o f p os tin gs a r e c l e a r l y indic ate d; c h eck ing a c c u r a c y and c o m p l e t e n e s s o f s ta n d a r d i z e d and r e p e t i t i v e r e c o r d s o r accounting d ocum ents ; and cod ing docum ents using a f e w p r e s c r i b e d ac cou nting cod es. B o o k k e e p i n g - m a c h i n e b i l l e r . U s e s a b oo kk e e p ing m achine (with o r without a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ' b i l l s as p art o f the accounts r e c e i v a b l e o p e r a ti o n . G e n e r a l l y i n v o l v e s the sim ultaneous e n t r y o f f i g u r e s on c u s t o m e r s ' l e d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m ac h in e a u t o m a tic a lly ac c um ulate s f i g u r e s on a n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l colum ns and com pute s and usually prin ts a u t o m a ti c a l l y the debit o r c r e d i t b a la n c e s . D oes not i n v o l v e a k n o w le dg e o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o r k s f r o m u n i fo r m and s ta n dard ty p e s of s a le s and c r e d i t s lip s . B O O K K E E P IN G -M A C H IN E O P E R A T O R O p e r a t e s a b oo k k e e p in g m ac h in e (with o r without a t y p e w r i t e r k e y b o a r d ) to k eep a r e c o r d o f b u s in e s s tr a n s a c tio n s . C la s s A. K e e p s a set o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w le d g e o f and e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b oo kk e e p in g p r i n c i p l e s , and f a m i l i a r i t y w ith the s tr u c tu r e o f the p a r t i c u l a r accounting s y s t e m used. D e t e r m i n e s p r o p e r r e c o r d s and d is trib u t io n o f debit and c r e d i t it e m s to be used in e a c h phase o f the w o rk . M a y p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a te d r e p o r t s , bala nce s h e e ts , and ot h e r r e c o r d s by hand. C la s s B. K e e p s a r e c o r d o f one o r m o r e phas es o r s e c t io n s o f a set o f r e c o r d s us ually r e q u i r i n g l i t t l e k n o w le d g e o f b a s i c bookk eep ing. P h a s e s o r s e c t io n s in clude accounts p a y a b le , p a y r o l l , c u s t o m e r s ' accounts (not i n clud ing a s i m p l e ty p e o f b i l l i n g d e s c r i b e d under m ac h in e b i l l e r ) , cost d i s tr ib u tio n , e x p e n s e d is trib u tio n , i n v e n t o r y c o n t r o l , etc . M a y check o r a s s i s t in p r e p a r a t i o n o f t r i a l b ala n ce s and p r e p a r e c o n tr o l sheets f o r the accounting d e p a rtm e n t. M A C H IN E B IL L E R P r e p a r e s s ta te m e n ts , b i l l s , and i n v o i c e s on a m ac h in e o t h e r than an o r d i n a r y o r e l e c t r o m a t i c t y p e w r i t e r . M a y a ls o k e ep r e c o r d s as to b i l l i n g s o r shipping c h a r g e s o r p e r f o r m o t h e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n ta l to b illin g o p e r a t i o n s . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , m ac h in e b i l l e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d by ty pe o f m a c h in e , as f o l l o w s : B i l l i n g - m a c h i n e b i l l e r . U s e s a s p e c i a l b i l l i n g m ac h in e (c o m b in a tio n typing and adding m a c h i n e ) to p r e p a r e b i l l s and i n v o i c e s f r o m c u s t o m e r s ' p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , shipping m e m o r a n d a , etc. U s u a l l y i n v o l v e s a p p lic a tio n o f p r e d e t e r m i n e d d iscounts and shipping c h a r g e s and e n tr y o f n e c e s s a r y e x te n s i o n s , which m a y o r m a y not be com pute d on the b i l l i n g m a c h i n e , and to ta ls wh ic h a r e a u t o m a tic a lly a c c u m u late d by m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a t i o n usuall y i n v o l v e s a l a r g e n u m b e r o f carbo n c o p ie s o f the b i l l b e in g p r e p a r e d and is ofte n done on a fa n fo ld m ac h in e . P A Y R O L L CLERK P e r f o r m s the c l e r i c a l tasks n e c e s s a r y to p r o c e s s p a y r o l l s and to m ain ta in p a y r o l l r e c o r d s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P r o c e s s i n g w o r k e r s ' t i m e o r p ro d u c tio n r e c o r d s ; adjustin g w o r k e r s ' r e c o r d s f o r changes in w a g e r a t e s , s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e f i t s , o r ta x dedu ctions; editing p a y r o l l l i s t i n g s ag ain s t s o u r c e r e c o r d s ; t r a c i n g and c o r r e c t i n g e r r o r s in l i s t i n g s ; and a s s i s t i n g in p r e p a r a t i o n o f p e r i o d i c s u m m a r y p a y r o l l r e p o r t s . In a nonautom ate d p a y r o l l s y s t e m , com p ute s w a g e s . W o r k m ay r e q u i r e a p r a c t i c a l k n o w le d g e o f g o v e r n m e n t a l r e g u l a t i o n s , c om p a n y p a y r o l l p o l i c y , o r the c o m p u te r s y s t e m f o r p r o c e s s i n g p a y r o l l s . KEYPUNCH OPERATO R O p e r a t e s a keypun ch m ac h in e to r e c o r d o r v e r i f y alphabetic and/or n u m e r i c data on ta bulating c ar d s o r on tape. Positio n s d e fin itio n s : are c la s s ifie d into l e v e l s on the b a s is o f the f o l l o w i n g C l a s s A. W o r k r e q u i r e s the a p p lic a tio n o f e x p e r i e n c e and judgment in s e l e c t i n g p r o c e d u r e s to be f o l l o w e d and in s e a r c h i n g f o r , in t e r p r e t i n g , s e l e c t i n g , o r cod ing i t e m s to be keypunched f r o m a v a r i e t y o f s ou r c e doc u m e nts . On o c c a s i o n m a y a ls o p e r f o r m s o m e routine keypunch w o rk . M a y t r a i n i n e x p e r i e n c e d keypunch o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B . W o r k is routine and r e p e t i t i v e . U n d e r c lo s e s u p e r v i s i o n o r f o l l o w i n g s p e c i f i c p r o c e d u r e s o r i n s t r u c t i o n s , w o r k s f r o m v a r io u s sta n d a r d i z e d s o u r c e docum ents wh ich have b een cod ed , and f o l l o w s s p e c i f i e d p r o c e d u r e s w h ic h ha ve b een p r e s c r i b e d in d e ta i l and r e q u i r e li t t l e o r no s e l e c t i n g , codin g, o r i n t e r p r e t i n g o f data to be r e c o r d e d . R e f e r s to su p e r v i s o r p r o b l e m s a r i s i n g f r o m e r r o n e o u s i t e m s o r cod es o r m i s s i n g inform ation. Professional and Technical C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , BUSINESS C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B U S IN E S S — Continued A n a l y z e s b u s in e s s p r o b l e m s to f o r m u l a t e p r o c e d u r e s f o r s o lv in g th e m by use o f e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g equip m en t. D e v e lo p s a c o m p le t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f all s p e c i f i c a t i o n s n e e d e d to enable p r o g r a m m e r s to p r e p a r e req u ired d igital com puter p r o g r a m s . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A n a l y z e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r o p e r a tio n s to be autom ate d and id e n tif ie s con ditions and c r i t e r i a r e q u i r e d to a c h i e v e s a t i s f a c t o r y r e s u lt s ; s p e c i f i e s n u m b e r and ty p es o f r e c o r d s , f i l e s , and d ocum ents to be used; ou tlines ac tions to be p e r f o r m e d by p e r s o n n e l and c o m p u te r s in s u ffic ie n t d e ta il f o r p r e s e n t a t i o n to m a n a g e m e n t and f o r p r o g r a m m i n g ( t y p i c a l l y this in v o l v e s p r e p a r a t i o n o f w o r k and data f l o w c h a r t s ) ; c o o r d i n a te s the d e v e l o p m e n t o f te s t p r o b l e m s and p a r t i c i p a t e s in t r i a l runs o f ne w and r e v i s e d s y s t e m s ; and r e c o m m e n d s equip m en t changes to obtain m o r e e f f e c t i v e o v e r a l l o p e r a tio n s . (N O TE : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g both s y s t e m s a n a ly s is and p r o g r a m m i n g should be c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s an aly sts i f this is the s k i l l used to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .) D oes not include e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r s y s t e m s an aly sts p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c o r e n g i n e e r i n g p ro b lem s. C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B U SINE SS— Continued C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U SINE SS— C ontinued F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , s y s t e m s analy sts a r e c l a s s i f i e d as fo l l o w s : C la s s A . W o r k s ind ep end ently o r under o n ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s i n v o l v i n g a ll phases o f s y s t e m s a n a ly s is . P r o b l e m s a r e c o m p le x b e ca u s e o f d i v e r s e s o u r c e s o f input data and m u l t i p l e - u s e r e q u i r e m en ts o f output data. ( F o r e x a m p l e , d e v e l o p s an i n t e g r a t e d p ro d u c tion scheduli ng, i n v e n t o r y c o n tr o l, cost a n a l y s i s , and s a le s an alys is r e c o r d in w h ich e v e r y i t e m o f e ach ty p e is a u t o m a tic a lly p r o c e s s e d th rough the full s y s t e m o f r e c o r d s and a p p r o p r i a t e f o llo w u p actions a r e in it ia te d by the c o m p u t e r . ) C o n f e r s w ith p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v i s e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the i m p l i c a t io n s o f n e w o r r e v i s e d s y s t e m s o f data p r o c e s s i n g o p e r a ti o n s . M a k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s , i f n e e d e d , f o r a p p r o v a l o f m a j o r s y s t e m s in s ta lla tio n s o r changes and f o r obta ining equip m en t. M a y p r o v i d e functional who a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . direction to l o w e r le v el D oe s not include e m p l o y e e s p r i m a r i l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the m a n a g e m e n t o r s u p e r v i s i o n o f o t h e r e l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g e m p l o y e e s , o r p r o g r a m m e r s p r i m a r i l y c o n c e r n e d w ith s c i e n t i f i c and/or e n g in e e r in g p ro b lem s. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , program m ers a r e c l a s s i f i e d as fo l l o w s : s y s te m s analysts C la s s B . W o r k s in dependently o r under on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on p r o b l e m s that a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n c o m p lic a te d to a n a l y z e , plan, p r o g r a m , and o p e r a t e . P r o b l e m s a r e o f l i m i t e d c o m p l e x i t y b e ca u s e s o u r c e s o f input data a r e h o m o ge n eo u s and the output data a r e c l o s e l y r e l a te d . (F o r exam ple, d e v e l o p s s y s t e m s f o r m ain ta in in g d e p o s i t o r accounts in a bank, m ainta ining accounts r e c e i v a b l e in a r e t a i l e s ta b lis h m e n t, o r m ain ta in in g i n v e n t o r y accounts in a m an u fac tu rin g o r w h o l e s a l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t . ) C o n f e r s with p e r s o n s c o n c e r n e d to d e t e r m i n e the data p r o c e s s i n g p r o b l e m s and a d v is e s s u b j e c t - m a t t e r p e r s o n n e l on the im p l i c a t io n s o f the data p r o c e s s i n g s y s te m s to be ap pli ed. OR W o r k s on a s e g m e n t o f a c o m p l e x data p r o c e s s i n g s c h e m e o r s y s t e m , as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A . W o r k s independently on routine as s ig n m e n ts and r e c e i v e s i n s tr u c tio n and guidan ce on c o m p l e x a s s ig n m e n ts . W o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r a c c u r a c y o f ju d g m e n t, c o m p lia n c e w ith i n s tr u c tio n s , and to in s u r e p r o p e r a lig n m e n t w ith the o v e r a l l s y s te m . C l a s s C . W o r k s under i m m e d i a t e s u p e r v i s i o n , c a r r y i n g out a n a lys e s as a s s ig n e d , usually o f a s in g le a c t i v i t y . A s s i g n m e n t s a r e d e sig ne d to d e v e l o p and exp an d p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e in the a p p lic atio n o f p r o c e d u r e s and s k ills r e q u i r e d f o r s y s t e m s a n a ly s is w o r k . F o r e x a m p l e , m a y a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l s y s t e m s an alyst by p r e p a r i n g the d e ta ile d s p e c i f i c a t i o n s r e q u i r e d by p r o g r a m m e r s f r o m i n f o r m a t i o n d e v e l o p e d by the h i g h e r l e v e l analyst. C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , BUSINESS C o n v e r t s s ta te m e n ts o f b u s in ess p r o b l e m s , t y p i c a l l y p r e p a r e d by a s y s t e m s a n a lys t, into a sequence o f d e ta ile d in s tr u c tio n s w h ic h a r e r e q u i r e d to s o l v e the p r o b l e m s by au tom atic data p r o c e s s i n g equip m ent. W o r k i n g f r o m charts o r d i a g r a m s , the p r o g r a m m e r d e v e lo p s the p r e c i s e in s tr u c tio n s w h ich , wh en e n t e r e d into the c o m p u te r s y s t e m in coded lan gua ge, caus e the m an ip u la tio n o f data to a c h ie v e d e s i r e d r e s u lt s . W ork in v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : A p p l i e s k n o w le d g e o f c o m p u te r c a p a b i l i t i e s , m a t h e m a t i c s , l o g i c e m p l o y e d by c o m p u te r s , and p a r t i c u l a r sub j e c t m a t t e r i n v o l v e d to a n a ly z e charts and d i a g r a m s o f the p r o b l e m to be p r o g r a m m e d ; d e v e l o p s sequ e n c e o f p r o g r a m ste ps; w r i t e s d e ta i l e d f l o w charts to show o r d e r in w h ic h data w i l l be p r o c e s s e d ; c o n v e r ts th es e charts to coded i n s tr u c tio n s f o r m a c h in e to f o l l o w ; te s ts and c o r r e c t s p r o g r a m s ; p r e p a r e s in s tr u c tio n s f o r o p e r a ti n g p e r s o n n e l during p ro d uction run; a n a l y z e s , r e v i e w s , and a l t e r s p r o g r a m s to i n c r e a s e o p e r a tin g e f f i c i e n c y o r adapt to new r e q u i r e m e n t s ; m ain ta in s r e c o r d s o f p r o g r a m d e v e l o p m e n t and r e v i s i o n s . ( N O T E : W o r k e r s p e r f o r m i n g both s y s te m s a n al y s i s and p r o g r a m m i n g should be c l a s s i f i e d as s y s t e m s analysts i f this is the s k i l l used to d e t e r m i n e t h e i r p a y .) C la s s A . W o r k s ind ep end ently o r un der on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s w h ich r e q u i r e c o m p e t e n c e in a l l phases o f p r o g r a m m i n g c on cep ts and p r a c t i c e s . W o r k i n g f r o m d i a g r a m s and charts w h ic h i d e n t i f y the natu re o f d e s i r e d r e s u l t s , m a j o r p r o c e s s i n g steps to be a c c o m p l i s h e d , and the r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n v a r i o u s steps o f the p r o b l e m s o l v i n g rou tine; plans the f u ll range o f p r o g r a m m i n g actions need ed to e f f i c i e n t l y u t i l i z e the c o m p u te r s y s t e m in a c h ie v in g d e s i r e d end p rod ucts . A t this l e v e l , p r o g r a m m i n g is d if fi c u l t b e ca u s e c o m p u te r e q u ip m en t m u s t be o r g a n i z e d to p ro d u c e s e v e r a l i n t e r r e l a t e d but d i v e r s e p r o d ucts f r o m nu m erous and d i v e r s e data e l e m e n t s . A w id e v a r i e t y and e x t e n s i v e n u m b e r o f i n t e r n a l p r o c e s s i n g ac tions m ust oc c u r. T h is r e q u i r e s such ac tions as d e v e l o p m e n t o f c o m m o n o p e r a tio n s w h ich can be r e us ed, e s ta b l i s h m e n t o f lin k a g e points b e tw e e n o p e r a t i o n s , adjustments to data when p r o g r a m r e q u i r e m e n t s e x c e e d c o m p u te r s t o r a g e c a p a c ity , arid substa ntia l m anip ula tion and r e s e q u e n c i n g o f data e le m e n t s to f o r m a hig hly i n t e g r a t e d p r o g r a m . M a y p r o v i d e functional d i r e c t i o n a r e a s s i g n e d to a s s i s t . to l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s who C l a s s B . W o r k s ind ep end ently o r under on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n on r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e p r o g r a m s , o r on s i m p l e "Segments o f c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . P r o g r a m s ( o r s e g m e n t s ) u sually p r o c e s s i n f o r m a t i o n to p ro d u c e data in tw o o r th r e e v a r i e d s e qu e n c e s o r f o r m a t s . R e p o r t s and lis ti n g s a r e p ro d u c e d by r e f i n i n g , ad ap tin g, a r r a y i n g , o r m a k in g m i n o r additions to o r d e letion s f r o m input data w h ic h a r e r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . W h i l e n u m erous r e c o r d s m a y be p r o c e s s e d , the data have b e e n r e f i n e d in p r i o r actio ns so that the a c c u r a c y and s equencing o f data can be t e s t e d b y using a f e w routine checks. T y p i c a l l y , the p r o g r a m d eals w ith routine r e c o r d k e e p i n g o p e r a tio n s . OR W o r k s on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s (as d e s c r i b e d f o r c la s s A ) under close d irectio n of a higher le v e l p r o g r a m m e r o r su p ervisor. M ay assist h i g h e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r by in d ep end ently p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d i f fi c u l t tasks a s s ig n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g m o r e d i f fi c u l t tasks un der f a i r l y c l o s e d i r e c ti o n . C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U SIN E S S— Continued DRAFTER M a y guide o r in s tr u c t l o w e r l e v e l p r o g r a m m e r s . C l a s s C . M a k e s p r a c t i c a l ap p li c ation s o f p r o g r a m m i n g p r a c t i c e s and c on cep ts usually l e a r n e d in f o r m a l tr a in in g c o u r s e s . Assign m en ts a r e d e s i g n e d to d e v e l o p c o m p e t e n c e in the a p p li c ation o f standard p r o c e d u r e s to routine p r o b l e m s . R e c e i v e s c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n on new asp ects o f a s s i g n m e n ts ; and w o r k is r e v i e w e d to v e r i f y its a c c u r a c y and c o n fo r m a n c e w ith r e q u i r e d p r o c e d u r e s . COMPUTER OPERATOR M o n i t o r s and o p e r a t e s the c o n tro l c o n s o le o f a d i g it a l c o m p u te r to p r o c e s s data a c c o r d i n g to o p e r a ti n g i n s t r u c t i o n s , usually p r e p a r e d by a p r o g r a m m e r . W o r k in clud es m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : Studies in s tr u c tio n s to d e t e r m i n e equipm en t setup and o p e r a t i o n s ; loads equipm en t with r e q u i r e d i t e m s (tape r e e l s , c a r d s , e t c . ) ; s w itc h e s n e c e s s a r y a u x i l i a r y equipm en t into c i r c u i t , and s ta r ts and o p e r a t e s c o m p u te r; m a k e s adjustm ents to c o m p u te r to c o r r e c t o p e r a ti n g p r o b l e m s and m e e t s p e c i a l conditions; r e v i e w s e r r o r s m ad e durin g o p e r a t i o n and d e t e r m i n e s cause o r r e f e r s p r o b l e m to s u p e r v i s o r o r p r o g r a m m e r ; and m ain ta in s o p e r a t i n g r e c o r d s . M a y t e s t and a s s i s t in c o r r e c t i n g p r o g r a m . For wage study purposes, c o m p u te r operators are cla s s ifie d as follo w s : C l a s s A . O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r under on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : N e w p r o g r a m s a r e f r e q u e n t l y t e s t e d and in tro d u ce d ; scheduli ng r e q u i r e m e n t s a r e o f c r i t i c a l i m p o r t a n c e to m i n i m i z e d o w n tim e; the p r o g r a m s a r e o f c o m p l e x d e sig n so that i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f e r r o r s o u r c e ofte n r e q u i r e s a w o r k i n g k n o w l edge o f the to ta l p r o g r a m , and a l t e r n a t e p r o g r a m s m a y not be a v a i l a b l e . M a y g i v e d i r e c t i o n and guid ance to l o w e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r s . C la s s B. O p e r a t e s in d e p e n d e n tly , o r under on ly g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n , a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s w ith m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : M o s t o f the p r o g r a m s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d p ro d u c tio n runs, t y p i c a l l y run on a r e g u l a r l y r e c u r r i n g b a s i s ; t h e r e is l i t t l e o r no t e s t i n g o f ne w p r o g r a m s r e q u i r e d ; a l t e r nate p r o g r a m s a r e p r o v i d e d in c as e o r i g i n a l p r o g r a m needs m a j o r change o r cannot be c o r r e c t e d w it h in a r e a s o n a b l y sho rt t i m e . In c o m m o n e r r o r s itu ations, d ia g n o s e s cause and takes c o r r e c t i v e actio n. T h i s usuall y i n v o l v e s ap p lyin g p r e v i o u s l y p r o g r a m m e d c o r r e c t i v e s te p s , o r using standa rd c o r r e c t i o n te c h n iqu e s . OR O p e r a t e s under d i r e c t s u p e r v i s i o n a c o m p u te r running p r o g r a m s o r s e g m e n ts o f p r o g r a m s w ith the c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s d e s c r i b e d f o r c l a s s A. M ay a s s i s t a h i g h e r l e v e l o p e r a t o r by in d e p e n d e n tly p e r f o r m i n g l e s s d if fi c u l t tasks a s s i g n e d , and p e r f o r m i n g d i f fi c u l t tasks f o l l o w i n g d e ta ile d in s tr u c tio n s and w ith fre q u e n t r e v i e w o f o p e r a t i o n s p e r f o r m e d . C l a s s C . W o r k s on routin e p r o g r a m s un der c l o s e s u p e r v i s i o n . Is e x p e c te d to d e v e l o p w o r k i n g k n o w le d g e o f the c o m p u te r equipm en t used and a b i l i t y to d e te c t p r o b l e m s i n v o l v e d in running routine p r o g r a m s . U s u a l l y has r e c e i v e d s o m e f o r m a l tr a i n i n g in c o m p u te r o p e r a t i o n . M ay assist higher l e v e l o p e r a t o r on c o m p l e x p r o g r a m s . C la s s A . P la n s the g r a p h ic p r e s e n ta tio n o f c o m p l e x i te m s having d i s t i n c t i v e d esign f e a tu r e s that d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m e s ta b lis h e d d ra ftin g preceden ts. W o r k s in c l o s e suppor t w ith the d e sig n o r i g i n a t o r , and m a y r e c o m m e n d m i n o r d e sig n chan ges. A n a l y z e s the e f f e c t o f eac h change on the d e ta ils o f f o r m , function, and p o s i t i o n a l r e la tio n s h ip s o f com ponents and p a r t s . W o r k s w it h a m i n i m u m o f s u p e r v i s o r y a s s i s t a n c e . C o m p le te d w o r k is r e v i e w e d by d e s ig n o r i g i n a t o r f o r c o n s i s te n c y w ith p r i o r e n g i n e e r i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n s . M a y e i t h e r p r e p a r e d ra w in g s o r d i r e c t t h e i r p r e p a r a tio n by lo w er le v e l d ra fters. C l a s s B . P e r f o r m s nonr outine and c o m p l e x dra ft ing a s s ign m e n ts that r e q u i r e the ap p lic a tio n o f m o s t o f the s ta n d a r d iz e d drawing techniques r e g u l a r l y used. Duties t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e such w o r k as: P r e p a r e s w o rk in g d r a w in g s o f s u b a s s e m b l i e s w ith i r r e g u l a r sha pes, m u ltip le functions, and p r e c i s e p o s i t i o n a l r e la tio n s h ip s b e tw e e n com ponen ts ; p r e p a r e s a r c h i t e c t u r a l d ra w in g s f o r c o n s t ru c tio n o f a build ing including d e ta il d ra w ing s o f foun da tio n s , w a l l s e c t i o n s , f l o o r p lans, and r o o f . U s e s a c c e p t e d f o r m u l a s and manua ls in m ak in g n e c e s s a r y com puta tions to d e t e r m i n e quantities of m a t e r i a l s to be us ed, loa d c a p a c i t i e s , s tr e n g t h s , s t r e s s e s , etc. R eceives i n i t i a l i n s t r u c t i o n s , r e q u i r e m e n t s , and a d v i c e f r o m s u p e r v i s o r . C o m p le te d w o r k is c h e c k ed f o r t e c h n i c a l ad equacy. C la s s C . P r e p a r e s d e ta i l d ra w in g s o f s in g le units o r p a r ts f o r e n g i n e e r i n g , c o n s t ru c tio n , m a n u fa c tu rin g , o r r e p a i r p u r p o s e s . T ypes of d r a w in g s p r e p a r e d include i s o m e t r i c p r o j e c t i o n s (d e p ic tin g t h r e e d im e n sio n s in a c c u r a te s c a l e ) and s e c t i o n a l v i e w s to c l a r i f y p o s itio n in g of com pon ents and c on v e y n e e d e d i n f o r m a t i o n . C o n s o lid a te s d e ta ils f r o m a n u m b e r o f s o u r c e s and adjusts o r t r a n s p o s e s s c a le as r e q u i r e d . S u gg e sted m et hods o f a p p ro ac h, a p p lic a b le p r e c e d e n t s , and a d v i c e on s o u r c e m a t e r i a l s a r e g ive n w ith i n i t i a l a s s i g n m e n ts . I n s tr u c tio n s a r e l e s s c o m p l e t e when as s ig n m e n ts r e c u r . W o r k m a y be s p o t - c h e c k e d dur ing p r o g r e s s . D R AFTE R -TR AC E R C o p ie s plans and d ra w in g s p r e p a r e d by o t h e rs by p la c in g t r a c i n g c lo th o r p a p e r o v e r d ra w in g s and t r a c i n g w ith pen o r p e n c il. (D oe s not include t r a c i n g l i m i t e d to plans p r i m a r i l y c o n s is tin g o f s tr a ig h t lines and a l a r g e s c a l e not r e q u i r i n g c l o s e d e l i n e a t i o n . ) AND/OR P r e p a r e s s i m p l e o r r e p e t i t i v e d r a w in g s o f e a s i l y v i s u a l i z e d i te m s . W o r k is c l o s e l y s u p e r v i s e d dur ing p r o g r e s s . E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N W o r k s on v a r i o u s ty p es o f e l e c t r o n i c equip m en t and r e l a te d d e v i c e s by p e r f o r m i n g one o r a c o m b in a tio n o f the fo l l o w i n g : I n s ta llin g , m ainta ining , r e p a i r i n g , o v e r h a u l i n g , tr o u b l e s h o o t i n g , m o d i f y i n g , con stru c tin g, and te s tin g . W o r k r e q u i r e s p r a c t i c a l a p p lic a tio n o f te c h n i c a l k no w le dg e o f e l e c t r o n i c s p r i n c i p l e s , a b ility to d e t e r m i n e m a l f u n c t i o n s , and s k i l l to put e quip m en t in r e q u i r e d o p e r a ti n g con dition. T h e equ ip m en t— c o n s is tin g o f e i t h e r m an y d i f f e r e n t kinds o f c i r c u i t s o r m u l ti p l e r e p e t i t i o n o f the s a m e kind o f c i r c u i t — i n c l u d e s , but is not l i m i t e d to , the f o l l o w i n g : (a) E l e c t r o n i c t r a n s m i t t i n g and r e c e i v i n g equip m en t ( e . g . , r a d a r , r a d i o , t e l e v i s i o n , t e le p h o n e , s o n a r , n a v i g a ti o n a l a i d s ) , (b) d i g i t a l and an alog c o m p u t e r s , and ( c ) in d u s t r i a l and m e d i c a l m e a s u r i n g and c o n t r o l l i n g equipm en t. 32 E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C ontinued E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C ontinued T h i s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n e x c lu d e s r e p a i r e r s o f such sta ndard e l e c t r o n i c equip m en t as c o m m o n o f f i c e m a c h in e s and ho u s e hold ra d io and t e l e v i s i o n s e ts ; p ro d u c tio n a s s e m b l e r s and t e s t e r s ; w o r k e r s w h os e p r i m a r y duty is s e r v i c i n g e l e c t r o n i c t e s t in s tr u m e n ts ; te c hn icia ns who ha ve a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o r s u p e r v i s o r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; and d r a f t e r s , d e s i g n e r s , and p r o f e s s i o n a l en gin eers. R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l g uid ance, as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h ig h e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n , and w o r k is r e v i e w e d f o r s p e c i f i c c o m p lia n c e w ith a c c e p ted p r a c t i c e s and w o r k a s s i g n m e n ts . M a y p r o v i d e t e c h n i c a l guidance to l o w e r l e v e l t e c h n ic ia n s . P o sitio n s d e fin ition s : are classified into l e v e l s on the b a s is o f the f o l l o w i n g C la s s A . A p p l i e s a d v a n c e d - t e c h n ic a l k n o w le d g e to s o l v e unusually c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , th os e that t y p i c a l l y cannot be s o l v e d s o l e l y by r e f e r e n c e to m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m an uals o r s i m i l a r d oc u m e n ts ) in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c equ ip m en t. E x a m p l e s o f such p r o b l e m s in clude lo c a t i o n and d e n s ity o f c i r c u i t r y , e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d ia tio n , i s o l a t i n g m a lfu n c tio n s , and f re q u e n t e n g i n e e r i n g chan ges. W o rk in volves: A d e ta i l e d understa nding o f the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s ; e x e r c i s i n g independent ju d g m e n t in p e r f o r m i n g such ta sks as m ak in g c i r c u i t a n a l y s e s , c alc u latin g w a v e f o r m s , t r a c i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p s in s ign a l f l o w ; and r e g u l a r l y using c o m p l e x te s t i n s tr u m e n ts ( e . g . , dual t r a c e o s c i l l o s c o p e s , Q - m e t e r s , d e v i a ti o n m e t e r s , pulse g e n e r a t o r s ) . W o r k m a y be r e v i e w e d by s u p e r v i s o r ( f r e q u e n tl y an e n g i n e e r o r d e s i g n e r ) f o r g e n e r a l c o m p l i a n c e w ith a c c e p t e d p r a c t i c e s . M ay p ro vide t e c h n i c a l guidance to l o w e r l e v e l te c h n icia n s . C l a s s B . A p p l i e s c o m p r e h e n s i v e te c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to s o l v e c o m p l e x p r o b l e m s ( i . e . , th os e that t y p i c a l l y can be s o l v e d s o l e l y b y p r o p e r l y i n t e r p r e t i n g m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' m an uals o r s i m i l a r d oc u m e n ts ) in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c equipm ent. W o r k i n v o l v e s : A f a m i l i a r i t y w ith the i n t e r r e l a t i o n ships o f c i r c u i t s ; and judgm ent in d e t e r m i n i n g w o r k s equence and in s e l e c t i n g to o ls and t e s t i n g i n s tr u m e n ts , usually l e s s c o m p l e x than th os e used by the c la s s A te c h n icia n . C la s s C . A p p l i e s w o r k i n g t e c h n i c a l k n o w le d g e to p e r f o r m s i m p l e o r routine tas k s in w o r k i n g on e l e c t r o n i c equ ip m en t, fo l l o w i n g d e ta ile d i n s tru c tion s w h ich c o v e r v i r t u a l l y a l l p r o c e d u r e s . W o r k t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s such tasks as: A s s i s t i n g h i g h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n s by p e r f o r m i n g such a c t i v i t i e s as r e p l a c i n g com p one n ts , w i r i n g c i r c u i t s , and takin g t e s t rea d in gs ; r e p a i r i n g s i m p l e e l e c t r o n i c equip m en t; and using to o ls and c om m o n te s t in s tru m e n ts ( e . g . , m u l t i m e t e r s , audio s ig n a l g e n e r a t o r s , tube t e s t e r s , o s c i l l o s c o p e s ) . Is not r e q u i r e d to be f a m i l i a r w ith the i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f c i r c u i t s . This k n o w le d g e , h o w e v e r , m a y be a c q u i r e d th ro ugh a s s ig n m e n ts d e s ig n e d to i n c r e a s e c o m p e t e n c e (in clu ding c l a s s r o o m t r a i n i n g ) so that w o r k e r can ad vance to h i g h e r l e v e l te c h n icia n . R e c e i v e s t e c h n i c a l guidance, as r e q u i r e d , f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r h i g h e r l e v e l te c h n ic ia n . W o r k is t y p i c a l l y spot c heck ed , but is g iv e n d e ta ile d r e v i e w when n e w o r ad vanced a s s ig n m e n ts a r e i n v o lv e d . R E G IS TE R E D IN D U S T R IA L NURSE A r e g i s t e r e d n u rs e who g i v e s n u rs in g s e r v i c e under g e n e r a l m e d i c a l d i r e c t i o n to i l l o r in j u r e d e m p l o y e e s o r o t h e r p e r s o n s who b e c o m e i l l o r s u f f e r an a c c id en t on the p r e m i s e s o f a f a c t o r y o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m en t. Duties i n v o l v e a c om b in atio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : G iv in g f i r s t aid to the i l l o r in ju re d ; attending to subsequent d r e s s i n g o f e m p l o y e e s ' i n j u r i e s ; k e ep in g r e c o r d s o f patients t r e a t e d ; p r e p a r i n g ac c id e n t r e p o r t s f o r c om p en s ation o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s ; a s s i s t i n g in p h y s i c a l e x a m in a tio n s and health e valu ations o f appli cants and e m p l o y e e s ; and planning and c a r r y i n g out p r o g r a m s in v o l v i n g health education, ac c id en t p r e v e n t i o n , e v a lu a tio n o f plant e n v ir o n m e n t, o r o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s ?.ffecting the healt h, w e l f a r e , and s a fe ty o f all p e rs o n n e l. N u r s i n g s u p e r v i s o r s o r head n u r s e s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p lo y in g m o r e than one n u rs e a r e e x clud ed . Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant M A IN T E N A N C E C A R P E N T E R M A I N T E N A N C E E L E C T R I C I A N — Continued P e r f o r m s the c a r p e n t r y duties n e c e s s a r y to con stru c t and m ain ta in in good r e p a i r b uil d in g w o o d w o r k and equipm en t such as bins, c r i b s , c ou n te rs , b e n c h e s , p a r t i t i o n s , d o o r s , f l o o r s , s t a i r s , c a s i n g s , and t r i m m a d e o f w o o d in an e s t a b l i s h m e n t . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and l a y in g out o f w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n ts , d r a w i n g s , m o d e l s , o r v e r b a l in s tr u c tio n s ; using a v a r i e t y o f c a r p e n t e r ' s handtools, p o r t a b l e p o w e r t o o l s , and standa rd m e a s u r i n g in s tr u m e n ts ; m ak in g s ta n dard shop com putations r e l a t i n g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k ; and s e l e c t i n g m a t e r i a l s n e c e s s a r y f o r the w o r k . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain ten ance c a r p e n t e r r e q u i r e s rounded tr a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u suall y a c q u i r e d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . equipm en t such as g e n e r a t o r s , t r a n s f o r m e r s , s w itc h b o a rd s , c o n t r o l l e r s , c i r c u i t b r e a k e r s , m o t o r s , heating units, conduit s y s t e m s , o r ot h e r t r a n s m i s s i o n equip m en t; w o r k i n g f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , d r a w in g s , layouts, o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; l o c a t i n g and d iag n os in g t r o u b l e in the e l e c t r i c a l s y s t e m o r equip m ent; w o r k i n g s ta n dard com putations r e l a t i n g to load r e q u i r e m e n ts o f w i r i n g o r e l e c t r i c a l equip m en t; and using a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c i a n ' s handtools and m e a s u r i n g and te s ti n g i n s tr u m e n ts . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a i n te nance e l e c t r i c i a n r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e usually a c q u i r e d th rough a f o r m a l a p p re n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E P A IN T E R M A IN T E N A N C E E LE C T R IC IA N P e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l t r a d e functions such as the i n s ta lla tio n , m a in te n a n c e , o r r e p a i r o f equipm en t f o r the g e n e r a t i o n , d i s t r i bution, o r u ti l i z a ti o n o f e l e c t r i c e n e r g y in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : I n s ta llin g o r r e p a i r i n g any o f a v a r i e t y o f e l e c t r i c a l P a i n t s and r e d e c o r a t e s w a l l s , w o o d w o r k , and fix tu r e s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w l e d g e o f s u r fa c e p e c u l i a r i t i e s and ty p es o f paint r e q u i r e d f o r d i f f e r e n t ap p lic a tio n s ; p r e p a r i n g s u r fa c e f o r painting b y r e m o v i n g o ld f i n i s h o r by p l a c i n g putty o r f i l l e r in n a il h oles M A IN T E N A N C E P A I N T E R — C ontinued M A IN T E N A N C E P I P E F I T T E R and i n t e r s t i c e s ; and ap p lyin g paint w ith s p r a y gun o r bru sh. M a y m i x c o l o r s , o i l s , w h ite l e a d , and o t h e r paint i n g r e d i e n t s to ob ta in p r o p e r c o l o r o r c o n s i s t e n c y . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m a in te n a n c e p a i n t e r r e q u i r e s roun ded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e usuall y a c q u i r e d th ro ugh a f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . I n s ta lls o r r e p a i r s w a t e r , s t e a m , g a s , o r o t h e r ty p e s d f p ip e and p ip e f i tt in g s in an e s ta b l i s h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : L a y i n g out w o r k and m e a s u r i n g to l o c a t e p o s i t i o n o f p ip e f r o m d ra w in g s o r o t h e r w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; cutting v a r i o u s s i z e s o f p ip e to c o r r e c t length s w ith c h i s e l and h a m m e r o r o x y a c e t y l e n e t o r c h o r p i p e - c u t t i n g m a c h in e s ; th re a d in g p ip e w ith sto ck s and d ie s ; bending p ip e b y h a n d - d r i v e n o r p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s ; a s s e m b l i n g p ip e w ith c oup lin gs and f a s te n in g pipe to h a n g e r s ; m a k in g stan da rd shop com puta tions r e l a t i n g to p r e s s u r e s , f l o w , and s i z e o f p ip e r e q u i r e d ; and m a k in g sta n da rd t e s t s to d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r f in is h e d p ip es m eet specification s. In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ainte n anc e p i p e f i t t e r r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u s u a lly a c q u i r e d th rough a f o r m a l a p p r e n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . W orkers p rim a rily e n g a g e d in in s t a l l i n g and r e p a i r i n g b uild ing s an itation o r heating s y s t e m s are excluded. M A I N T E N A N C E M A C H IN IS T P r o d u c e s r e p l a c e m e n t p a r ts and ne w p a r t s in m ak in g r e p a i r s o f m e t a l p a r t s o f m e c h a n i c a l e quip m en t o p e r a t e d in an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : I n t e r p r e t i n g w r i t t e n in s tr u c tio n s and s p e c i f i c a t io n s ; planning and la y i n g out o f w o r k ; using a v a r i e t y o f m a c h i n i s t ' s handtoo ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g i n s tr u m e n ts ; se ttin g up and o p e r a t i n g stan da rd m a c h in e t o o l s ; shaping o f m e t a l p a r t s t o c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; m a k in g stan da rd shop com puta tions r e l a t i n g to d im e n s io n s o f w o r k , t o o l i n g , f e e d s , and sp eed s o f m ac h in in g ; k n o w le d g e o f the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f the c o m m o n m e t a l s ; s e l e c t i n g s ta n dard m a t e r i a l s , p a r t s , and e q u ip m e n t r e q u i r e d f o r th is w o r k ; and fittin g and a s s e m b l i n g p a r t s into m e c h a n i c a l equip m en t. In g e n e r a l , the m a c h i n i s t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a rounded t r a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p p r a c t i c e u suall y a c q u i r e d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p re n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H AN IC (M A C H IN E R Y ) R e p a i r s m a c h i n e r y o r m e c h a n i c a l e quip m en t o f an e s ta b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g m a c h in e s and m e c h a n i c a l e qu ip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f t r o u b l e ; d i s m a n tlin g o r p a r t l y d is m a n tlin g m a c h in e s and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that m a i n l y i n v o l v e the use o f handtoo ls in s c r a p i n g and f ittin g p a r t s ; r e p l a c i n g b r o k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r ts w i t h i t e m s ob ta ined f r o m s toc k ; o r d e r i n g the p ro d u c tio n o f a r e p l a c e m e n t p a r t by a m a c h in e shop o r sendin g the m ac h in e to a m a c h in e shop f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s ; p r e p a r i n g w r i t t e n s p e c i f i c a t i o n s f o r m a j o r r e p a i r s o r f o r the p ro d u c tio n o f p a r ts o r d e r e d f r o m m a c h in e shops; r e a s s e m b l i n g m a c h in e s ; and m ak in g all n e c e s s a r y a d justm ents f o r o p e r a ti o n . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e r y m a in te n a n c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s roun ded tr a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e usuall y a c q u i r e d th ro u gh a f o r m a l a p p re n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x perience. E x c lu d e d f r o m this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duties i n v o l v e s e ttin g up o r adjustin g m a c h in e s . M A IN T E N A N C E M E C H A N IC (M O T O R V E H IC L E ) R e p a ir s , a u t o m o b i l e s , b u s e s , m o t o r t r u c k s , and t r a c t o r s o f an e s t a b lis h m e n t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : E x a m in in g a u to m o tiv e equip m en t to d ia g n o s e s o u r c e o f tr o u b le ; d i s a s s e m b l i n g equip m en t and p e r f o r m i n g r e p a i r s that i n v o l v e the use o f such handtools as w r e n c h e s , g a u g es , d r i l l s , o r s p e c i a l i z e d e quip m en t in d i s a s s e m b l i n g o r fittin g p a r ts ; r e p l a c i n g b ro k e n o r d e f e c t i v e p a r ts f r o m stock; g rin d in g and adjusting v a l v e s ; r e a s s e m b l i n g and in s t a l l i n g the v a r i o u s a s s e m b l i e s in the v e h i c l e and m ak in g n e c e s s a r y ad ju s tm e n ts ; and alig n in g w h e e l s , adju sting b ra k e s and l i g h t s , o r tig h te n in g b od y b o lts . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m o t o r v e h i c l e m ain te n an c e m e c h a n i c r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e usually a c q u i r e d th ro ugh a f o r m a l a p p re n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . T h is c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not in clude m e c h a n i c s who r e p a i r c u s to m e r s ' v e h i c l e s in a u to m o b ile r e p a i r shops. M A IN T E N A N C E S H E E T -M E T A L W ORKER F a b r i c a t e s , i n s t a l l s , and m ain ta in s in g o o d r e p a i r the s h e e t - m e t a l e quip m en t and f i x t u r e s (such as m a c h in e g u a r d s , g r e a s e pans, s h e l v e s , l o c k e r s , tauiks, v e n t i l a t o r s , chutes, d ucts , m e t a l r o o f i n g ) o f an e s ta b lis h m en t. W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and la y in g out a l l ty p es o f s h e e t - m e t a l m a in te n a n c e w o r k f r o m b l u e p r i n t s , m o d e l s , o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a tio n s ; s e ttin g up and o p e r a t i n g a l l a v a i l a b l e ty p e s o f s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k i n g m a c h i n e s ; using a v a r i e t y o f handtools in cu tting, b end ing , f o r m i n g , shaping, fi t t i n g , and a s s e m b l i n g ; and in s t a l l i n g s h e e t - m e t a l a r t i c l e s as r e q u i r e d . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f the m ain te n an c e s h e e t - m e t a l w o r k e r r e q u i r e s rounded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e u suall y a c q u i r e d th ro u g h a f o r m a l ap p re n tic es h ip o r e qu iv a le n t t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M IL L W R IG H T I n s ta lls n e w m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e q u ip m e n t, and d is m a n tle s and in s t a l l s m a c h in e s o r h e a v y e quip m en t w h en changes in the plant layout a r e r e q u i r e d . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : P la n n in g and l a y in g out w o r k ; i n t e r p r e t i n g b lu e p rin ts o r o t h e r s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; using a v a r i e t y o f handtools and r i g g i n g ; m ak in g s tan da rd shop c om p uta tions r e l a t i n g to s t r e s s e s , s tr en gth o f m a t e r i a l s , and c e n t e r s o f g r a v i t y ; alig n in g and b a la n cin g equipm ent; s e l e c t i n g s ta n dard t o o l s , e q u ip m en t, and p a r ts to be used; and in s ta llin g and m a in ta in in g in g ood o r d e r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n equip m en t such as d r i v e s and s p ee d r e d u c e r s . In g e n e r a l , the m i l l w r i g h t ' s w o r k n o r m a l l y r e q u i r e s a roun ded t r a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e in the t r a d e a c q u i r e d th ro ugh a f o r m a l a p p re n ti c e s h i p o r e q u iv a le n t tr a i n i n g and e x p e r i e n c e . M A IN T E N A N C E TRADES H E L P E R A s s i s t s one o r m o r e w o r k e r s in the s k i l l e d m ain te n an c e t r a d e s , by p e r f o r m i n g s p e c i f i c o r g e n e r a l duties o f l e s s e r s k i l l , such as k e e p in g a w o r k e r sup p li ed w ith m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s ; c le an in g w o r k i n g a r e a , m a c h i n e , and e qu ip m en t; a s s i s t i n g jo u r n e y m a n b y h o ld ing m a t e r i a l s o r t o o l s ; and p e r f o r m i n g o t h e r u n s k ille d ta s k s as d i r e c t e d b y jo u r n e y m a n . T h e kind o f w o r k the h e l p e r is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m v a r i e s f r o m t r a d e to t r a d e : In s o m e t r a d e s the h e l p e r is con fin e d to s u p p lyin g, l i f t i n g , and holding m a t e r i a l s and t o o l s , and c le a n in g w o r k i n g a r e a s ; and in o t h e rs he is p e r m i t t e d to p e r f o r m s p e c i a l i z e d m a c h in e o p e r a t i o n s , o r p a r ts o f a t r a d e that a r e a ls o p e r f o r m e d by w o r k e r s on a f u l l - t i m e b a s i s . M A C H IN E - T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R — Continued S p e c i a l i z e s in o p e r a t i n g one o r m o r e than one typ e of. m achin e t o o l ( e . g . , j i g b o r e r , g rin d in g m a c h i n e , engine l a t h e r , m i l l i n g m a c h i n e ) to m achine m e t a l f o r use in m a k in g o r m ain ta in in g j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cutting t o o l s , g aug es, o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o ld s used in shaping o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e ta llic m a t e r i a l ( e . g . , p l a s t i c , p l a s t e r , r u b b e r , g l a s s ) . W o rk typ ica lly i n v o l v e s : P la n n in g and p e r f o r m i n g d if fi c u l t m ac h in in g o p e r a tio n s wh ich r e q u i r e c o m p l i c a t e d setups o r a high d e g r e e o f a c c u r a c y ; settin g up m a c h in e t o o l o r to o l s ( e . g . , i n s ta ll cutting to o ls and adjust g u id e s , sto p s, w o r k i n g t a b l e s , and o t h e r c o n tro ls to handle the s i z e o f Stock to be m achined ; d e t e r m i n e p r o p e r f e e d s , s p e e d s , t o o l i n g , and o p e r a t i o n sequence o r s e l e c t th ose p r e s c r i b e d in d r a w i n g s , b l u e p r in ts , o r l a y o u t s ); using a v a r i e t y o f p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s tr u m e n ts ; m ak in g n e c e s s a r y ad justm ents during m ac h in in g o p e r a t i o n to a c h ie v e r e q u i s i te d im e n sio n s to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s . M a y be r e q u i r e d to s e l e c t p r o p e r coo lants and cutting and l u b r ic a tin g o i l s , to r e c o g n i z e when to o l s need d r e s s i n g , and to d r e s s t o o l s . In g e n e r a l , the w o r k o f a m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r ( t o o l r o o m ) at the s k i l l l e v e l c a l l e d f o r in this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n r e q u i r e s e x t e n s i v e k n o w le d g e o f m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e usually a c q u i r e d th rough c o n s i d e r a b l e o n - t h e - j o b tr a i n i n g and experien ce. se tting up and o p e r a t i n g v a r i o u s m ac h in e t o o l s and r e l a t e d equipment; using v a r i o u s t o o l and die m a k e r ' s handtoo ls and p r e c i s i o n m e a s u r i n g in s tr u m e n ts ; w o r k i n g to v e r y c l o s e t o l e r a n c e s ; h e a t - t r e a t i n g m e t a l p arts and f in is h e d tools and d ies t6 a c h i e v e r e q u i r e d q u a l i ti e s ; fittin g and a s s e m b l i n g p arts to p r e s c r i b e d t o l e r a n c e s and a l l o w a n c e s . In g e n e r a l , the t o o l and die m a k e r ' s w o r k r e q u i r e s roun ded tr a i n i n g in m a c h i n e - s h o p and t o o l r o o m p r a c t i c e usuall y a c q u i r e d th ro u gh f o r m a l a p p r e n tic e s h ip o r equiv ale nt t r a in in g and experien ce. F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not include m a c h i n e - t o o l o p e r a t o r s ( t o o l r o o m ) e m p l o y e d in t o o l and 'd ie jobbing shops. T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R ' C on s tr u c ts and r e p a i r s j i g s , f i x t u r e s , cutting t o o l s , g a u g es , o r m e t a l d ie s o r m o l d s used in shaping o r f o r m i n g m e t a l o r n o n m e ta l l i c m a t e r ia l (e .g ., p la stic, p la s te r, rubber, g la ss). W ork typ ica lly in v o lv e s : P la n n in g and la y i n g out w o r k a c c o r d i n g to m o d e l s , b lu e p rin ts , d r a w i n g s , o r o t h e r w r i t t e n o r o r a l s p e c i f i c a t i o n s ; understandin g the w o r k i n g p r o p e r t i e s o f c o m m o n m e t a l s and a l l o y s ; s e l e c t i n g • a p p r o p r i a t e m a t e r i a l s , t o o l s , and p r o c e s s e s r e q u i r e d to c o m p l e t e tas k; m ak in g n e c e s s a r y shop com puta tions; F o r c r o s s - i n d u s t r y w a g e study p u r p o s e s , this c l a s s i f i c a t i o n does not include t o o l and die m a k e r s who (1) a r e e m p l o y e d in t o o l and die jobbing shops o r (2) p ro d u c e f o r g i n g d ies (die s i n k e r s ) . S T A T IO N A R Y ENG IN EE R O p e r a t e s and m ain ta ins and m a y also s u p e r v i s e the o p e r a tio n o f s ta tio n a r y e n g in e s and equipm en t ( m e c h a n i c a l o r e l e c t r i c a l ) to supply the e s ta b l i s h m e n t in w h ic h e m p l o y e d w ith p o w e r , heat, r e f r i g e r a t i o n , o r a i r con ditioning. W o r k i n v o l v e s : O p e r a t i n g and m ain ta in in g equipm ent such as s t e a m e n g in e s , a i r c o m p r e s s o r s , g e n e r a t o r s , m o t o r s , t u r b in e s , v e n tila tin g and r e f r i g e r a t i n g equip m en t, s t e a m b o i l e r s and b o i l e r - f e d w a t e r pumps; m a k in g e quip m en t r e p a i r s ; and k e e p in g a r e c o r d o f o p e r a t i o n o f m a c h i n e r y , t e m p e r a t u r e , and fu e l con su mption. M a y als o s u p e r v i s e th es e o p e r a tio n s . H e ad o r c h i e f e n g i n e e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts e m p l o y i n g m o r e than one e n g i n e e r a re excluded. B O IL E R T E N D E R F i r e s s ta tio n a r y b o i l e r s to fu r n is h the e s ta b lis h m en t in wh ich e m p lo y e d w ith heat, p o w e r , o r s te am . F e e d s fu e ls to f i r e by hand or o p e r a t e s a m e c h a n i c a l s t o k e r , g a s , o r o i l b u r n e r; and checks w a t e r and s a f e ty v a l v e s . M a y c le a n , o i l , o r a s s i s t in r e p a i r i n g b o i l e r r o o m equipment. Material Movement and Custodial TR U C K D R IV E R S H IP P E R AND R E C E IV E R D rives a tr u c k with in a c ity o r in d u s t r i a l a r e a to tr a n s p o r t m a t e r i a l s , m e r c h a n d i s e , equip m en t, o r w o r k e r s b e tw e e n v a r i o u s ty p es o f e s t a b lis h m e n ts such as: M an u fa ctu rin g pla nts, f r e i g h t d epots , w a r e h o u s e s , w h o l e s a l e and r e t a i l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , o r b e tw e e n r e t a i l e s ta b lis h m e n ts and c u s t o m e r s ' houses o r p l a c e s o f b u s in e s s . M a y a ls o loa d o r unload tr u c k w ith o r with ou t h e l p e r s , m a k e m i n o r m e c h a n i c a l r e p a i r s , and k e ep tr u c k in g ood w o r k i n g o r d e r . S a l e s r o u t e and o v e r - t h e - r o a d d r i v e r s a r e e x c l u d e d . P e r f o r m s c l e r i c a l and p h y s i c a l tasks in connection w ith shipping goods o f the e s ta b lis h m e n t in w h ich e m p l o y e d and r e c e i v i n g i n c o m in g s hip m en ts . In p e r f o r m i n g d a y - t o - d a y , routine tas k s , f o l l o w s e s ta b lis h e d g u id e lin e s . In handling unusual nonr outine p r o b l e m s , r e c e i v e s s p e c i f i c g u id an ce f r o m s u p e r v i s o r o r other o f f i c i a l s . M a y d i r e c t and c o o rd in a te the a c t i v i t i e s o f o t h e r w o r k e r s e n g a g ed in handling goods to be shipped o r b eing received. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , rate d c a p a c i ty o f tr u c k , as fo l l o w s : S h ip pe rs t y p i c a l l y a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : V e r i f y i n g that o r d e r s a r e a c c u r a t e l y f i l l e d by c o m p a r i n g i t e m s and quantities o f goods g a t h e r e d f o r shipm en t against docum ents ; insuring that ship m en ts a r e p r o p e r l y p a c k a ge d , i d e n t i f i e d w ith shipping i n f o r m a t i o n , and lo a d e d into tr a n s p o r t i n g v e h i c l e s ; p r e p a r i n g and k e ep in g r e c o r d s o f goods shipped, e . g . , m a n i f e s t s , b i l l s o f lad ing. tru ck drivers are classified b y typ e and T r u c k d r i v e r , li ght tr uck ( s t r a i g h t t r u c k , under I V 2 tons, u s u a lly 4 w h e e l s ) T r u c k d r i v e r , m e d i u m tru c k (s t r a i g h t t r u c k , IV 2 to 4 tons i n c l u s i v e , usually 6 w h e e l s ) T r u c k d r i v e r , h e a v y tru c k (s t r a i g h t tr u c k , o v e r 4 tons, usuall y 10 w h e e l s ) T ru ck d rive r, tr a c to r -tr a ile r R e c e i v e r s t y p i c a l l y a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r m o s t o f the f o llo w in g : V e r i f y i n g the c o r r e c t n e s s o f i n c o m in g shipm en ts by c o m p a rin g i t e m s and qu antities un load ed again st b i l l s o f la d in g , i n v o i c e s , m a n i f e s t s , s to r a g e S H IP P E R A N D R E C E IV E R — C ontinued M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R — C ontinued r e c e i p t s , o r ot h e r r e c o r d s ; c heck in g f o r d a m a ge d goods; in s u rin g that goods a r e a p p r o p r i a t e l y id e n ti f i e d f o r routing to d e p a rtm e n ts within the e s ta b lis h m e n t; p r e p a r i n g and k e ep in g r e c o r d s o f goods r e c e i v e d . m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e in p r o p e r s t o r a g e loc a tion ; and tr a n s p o r t i n g m a t e r i a l s o r m e r c h a n d i s e by handtruck, c a r , o r w h e e l b a r r o w . Longshore w o r k e r s , who loa d and unload ships, a r e e x c l u d e d . F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o l l o w s : S h ip p e r R eceiver S h ip per and r e c e i v e r P O W E R -TR U C K O PE R A TO R O p e r a t e s a m a n u a lly c o n t r o l l e d g a s o l i n e - o r e l e c t r i c - p o w e r e d tr u c k o r t r a c t o r to t r a n s p o r t goods and m a t e r i a l s o f a l l kinds about a w a r e h o u s e , m a n u fa c tu rin g plant, o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , w o r k e r s tru c k , as f o l l o w s : WAREHOUSEMAN A s d i r e c t e d , p e r f o r m s a v a r i e t y o f w a r e h o u s i n g duties w h ich r e q u i r e an un derstandin g o f the e s t a b l i s h m e n t 's s t o r a g e p l a n . W o r k i n v o l v e s m o s t o f the f o l l o w i n g : V e r i f y i n g m a t e r i a l s ( o r m e r c h a n d i s e ) again st r e c e i v i n g d oc u m e n ts , noting and r e p o r t i n g d i s c r e p a n c i e s and ob vious d a m a g e s ; routing m a t e r i a l s to p r e s c r i b e d s t o r a g e lo c a tio n s ; s t o r i n g , sta ck in g, o r p a l l e t i z i n g m a t e r i a l s in a c c o r d a n c e w ith p r e s c r i b e d . s t o r a g e m eth od s ; r e a r r a n g i n g and takin g i n v e n t o r y o f s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s ; ex a m in in g s t o r e d m a t e r i a l s and r e p o r tin g d e t e r i o r a t i o n and d a m a g e ; r e m o v i n g m a t e r i a l f r o m s t o r a g e and p r e p a r i n g it f o r ship m ent. M a y o p e r a t e hand o r p o w e r tr uck s in p e r f o r m i n g w a r e h o u s in g duties. F o rk lift operator P o w e r - t r u c k o p e r a t o r ( o t h e r than f o r k l i f t ) GUARD P r o t e c t s p r o p e r t y f r o m th eft o r d a m a g e , o r p e r s o n s f r o m ha za r d s or in terference. Duties i n v o l v e s e r v i n g at a f i x e d post, m ak in g rounds on foot o r by m o t o r v e h i c l e , o r e s c o r t i n g p e r s o n s o r p r o p e r t y . M a y be d epu tized to m ak e a r r e s t s . M a y a ls o help v i s i t o r s and c u s t o m e r s by a n sw er in g qu estions and g i v i n g d i r e c t i o n s . G uards e m p l o y e d by e s ta b lis h m e n ts w h ich p r o v i d e p r o t e c t i v e v i c e s on a c on tra c t b a s is a r e included in this occupation. F i l l s shipping o r t r a n s f e r o r d e r s f o r fin is h e d goods f r o m s t o r e d m e r c h a n d i s e in a c c o r d a n c e w it h s p e c i f i c a t i o n s on s a le s s l i p s , c u s t o m e r s ' o r d e r s , o r ot h e r i n s tr u c tio n s . M a y , in addition to f i l l i n g o r d e r s and ind icatin g i t e m s f i l l e d o r o m i t t e d , k e e p r e c o r d s o f ou tgoing o r d e r s , r e q u i s i t i o n a d d i tio n a l stock o r r e p o r t sho rt s up p lie s to s u p e r v i s o r , and p e r f o r m o t h e r r e l a t e d duties. G uard A E nforces reg u la t io n s d e s i g n e d to p r e v e n t b r e a c h e s o f s e c u rity . E x e r c i s e s j u d g m e n t and uses d i s c r e t i o n in d e a lin g w ith e m e r g e n c i e s and s e c u r i t y v i o l a t i o n s en c ou n te red . D e t e r m i n e s w h e t h e r f i r s t res p on s e should be to i n t e r v e n e d i r e c t l y (asking f o r a s s i s t a n c e when d e e m e d n e c e s s a r y and t i m e a l l o w s ) , to k e ep situation un der s u r v e i l l a n c e , o r to r e p o r t situation so that it can be ha ndled by a p p r o p r i a t e authorit y . Duties r e q u i r e s p e c i a l i z e d t r a i n i n g in m ethods and te c h n iqu e s o f p r o t e c t i n g s e c u r i t y a r e a s . C o m m o n l y , the guard is r e q u i r e d to d e m o n s t r a t e continuing p h y s i c a l f i tn e s s and p r o f i c i e n c y w ith f i r e a r m s o r o t h e r s p e c i a l w eap on s. G uard B SH IP P IN G P A C K E R P r e p a r e s fin is h e d p ro d u c ts f o r ship m en t o r s t o r a g e by p lac in g th em in shipping c o n t a i n e r s , the s p e c i f i c o p e r a tio n s p e r f o r m e d b eing dependent upon the ty p e , s i z e , and n u m b e r o f units to be p ack ed , the ty pe o f c on tain e r e m p l o y e d , and m eth o d o f ship m ent. W o r k r e q u i r e s the p la c in g o f i t e m s in shipping c o n ta in e r s and m a y i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : K n o w le d g e o f v a r i o u s i t e m s o f sto ck in o r d e r to v e r i f y content; s e l e c t i o n o f a p p r o p r i a t e ty pe and s i z e o f c on ta in e r ; i n s e r t i n g e n c l o s u r e s in con tain e r; using e x c e l s i o r o r ot h e r m a t e r i a l to p r e v e n t b r e a k a g e o r d a m a g e ; c lo s in g and s e a lin g con tain e r; and ap p ly in g la b e ls o r e n te r i n g i d e n tify in g data on c on tain er. P a c k e r s who a ls o m ak e wo od en b ox es o r c r a te s a r e excluded. M A T E R I A L H A N D LIN G L A B O R E R A w o r k e r e m p l o y e d in a w a r e h o u s e , m an u fac tu rin g plant, s t o r e , o r o t h e r e s ta b l i s h m e n t w h o s e duties i n v o l v e one o r m o r e o f the f o l l o w i n g : L o a d in g and unloading v a r i o u s m a t e r i a l s and m e r c h a n d i s e on o r f r o m f r e i g h t c a r s , t r u c k s , o r o t h e r tr a n s p o r t i n g d e v i c e s ; unpacking, s h e lv in g , o r p la c in g ser F o r w a g e study p u r p o s e s , guards a r e c l a s s i f i e d as f o llo w s : E xc lu d e w o r k e r s w h o s e p r i m a r y duties in v o l v e shipping and r e c e i v i n g w o r k ( s e e S h ip p e r and R e c e i v e r and Shipping P a c k e r ) , o r d e r f i l l i n g ( s e e O r d e r F i l l e r ) , o r o p e r a t i n g p o w e r tr uck s ( s e e P o w e r - T r u c k O p e r a t o r ) . ORDER F IL L E R a r e c l a s s i f i e d by type o f p o w e r - C a r r i e s out in s tr u c tio n s p r i m a r i l y o r i e n t e d t o w a r d i n s u r in g that e m e r g e n c i e s and s e c u r i t y v i o l a t i o n s a r e r e a d i l y d i s c o v e r e d and r e p o r t e d to a p p r o p r i a t e au thority. I n t e r v e n e s d i r e c t l y o n ly in situations which r e q u i r e m i n i m a l action to s a f e g u a r d p r o p e r t y o r p e r s o n s . Duties r e q u i r e m i n i m a l training. C o m m o n l y , the guard is not r e q u i r e d to d e m o n s tr a te p h y s i c a l fitness. M a y be a r m e d , but g e n e r a l l y is not r e q u i r e d to d e m o n s tr a te p r o f i c i e n c y in the use o f f i r e a r m s o r s p e c i a l w e ap on s . J A N IT O R , P O R T E R , OR C L E A N E R C lea ns and keep s in an o r d e r l y condition f a c t o r y w o rk in g a r e a s and w a s h r o o m s , o r p r e m i s e s o f an o f f i c e , a p a r tm en t ho u s e , o r c o m m e r c i a l o r o t h e r e s ta b lis h m e n t. Duties i n v o l v e a c o m b in a tio n o f the f o l l o w i n g : S w ee p in g , m op p in g o r s c ru b b in g , and p o lis h in g f l o o r s ; r e m o v i n g chip s, tr a s h , and o t h e r r e f u s e ; dusting equ ip m en t, f u r n i tu r e , o r f i x t u r e s ; p o lis h in g m e t a l f i x t u r e s o r t r i m m i n g s ; p r o v i d i n g suppli es and m i n o r m a in te n a n c e s e r v i c e s ; and c le an in g l a v a t o r i e s , s h o w e r s , and r e s t r o o m s . W o r k e r s who s p e c i a l i z e in w in do w w as h ing a r e e x c l u d e d . 36 Area Wage Surveys A l i s t o f the la te s t b ull etin s a v a i l a b l e is p r e s e n t e d b e low . m a y be p u r ch a s e d f r o m any o f the B L S r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s shown on c o v e r , o r f r o m the Su perintendent o f D oc u m e n ts , U.S. G o v e r n m e n t O f f i c e , W a s h in g to n , D.C. 20402. A d i r e c t o r y o f occup atio nal w a g e c o v e r i n g the y e a r s 1950 thro ugh 1975, is a v a i l a b l e on r eq ue st. Area A k r o n , O hio , D ec. 1976 1___,____________________________________ Albany—Schenectady—T r o y , N . Y . , Sept. 1976 ________________ A n a h e im —Santa Ana—G ard en G r o v e , C a l i f . , Oct. 1976________________________________________________ A tla n ta , G a., M a y 1 976_________________________________________ B a l t i m o r e , M d ., Aug. 1 976_____________________________________ B i l li n g s , M o n t., July 1 9 7 6 ______________________________________ B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r . 1 9 7 6 1 _______________________________ Bosto n, M a s s . , Aug. 1976 ______________________________________ B uffa lo, N . Y . , O ct. 1976 _______________________________________ Canton, O h io , M a y 1 9 76 ________________________________________ Chattanoog a, T e n n . - G a . , Sept. 1976 __________________________ C h ic ag o, 111., M a y 1976 ________________________________________ Cin cinn ati, Ohio—K y .—I n d . , M a r . 1976________________________ C le v e l a n d , O h io , Sept- 1 9 76 ____________________________________ Colum bus, O h io , O ct. 1976_____________________________________ Corpu s C h r i s t i , T e x . , July 1976______________________________ D allas—F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , Oct. 1976__________________________ Davenpo rt—R o c k Island—M o l i n e , Iowa—111., F eb. 1976______ Dayton, O h io , D ec. 1976 ________________________________________ Daytona B ea ch , F l a . , Aug. 1976 ______________________________ D e n v e r —B o u l d e r , C o l o . , D ec. 1976____________________________ D e t r o i t , M i c h . , M a r . 1976* ____________________________________ F r e s n o , C a l i f . , June 1976 ______________________________________ G a i n e s v i l l e , F l a . , Sept. 1976 __________________________________ G r e e n B a y , W i s . , July 19 7 6 ____________________________________ G r e e n s b o r o —W i n s t o n - S a l e m —H ig h P o i n t , N . C . , Au g . 1976_________________________________________________ G r e e n v i l l e —S p a r ta n b u r g , S.C ., June 1976 1__________________ H a r t f o r d , Conn., M a r . 1976____________________________________ Houston, T e x . , A p r . 1 976_______________________________________ H u n t s v i l l e , A l a . , F eb . 1977 1___________________________________ In d ia n a p o lis , Ind., O ct. 1976___________________________________ Jackson, M i s s . , F e b . 1977 1____________________________________ J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D ec. 1 9 7 6 * ________________________________ K an sas C ity , M o . - K a n s . , Sept. 1976 1 ________________________ L o s A n g e l e s —L on g B e a c h , C a l i f . , O ct. 1976_________________ L o u i s v i l l e , Ky.—Ind., N o v . 1976_______________________________ B ull etins the back Prin ting surveys, B u lle tin n u m b er and p r i c e * 1900-76, 85 1900-59, 55 cents cents 1900-67, 1900-30, 1900-52, 1900-39, 1900-1 1, 1900-53, 1900-70, 1900-28, 1900-57, 1900-32, 1900-7, 1900-62, 1900-68, 1900-41, 1900-63, 1900-25, 1900-78, 1900-45, 1900-73, 1900-15, 1900-29, 1900-54, 1900-37, 75 cents 85 cents 85 cents 55 cents 95 cents 85 cents 75 cents 55 cents 55 cents $1.05 75 cents 95 cents 75 cents 55 cents 85 cents 55 cents 85 cents 45 cents 85 cents $1.25 55 cents 45 cents 55 cents 1900-47, 1900-36, 1900-14, 1900-26, 1950-4, 1900-58, 1950-2, 1900-80, 1900-60, 1900-77, 1900-69, 65 cents 85 cents 55 cents 85 cents $ 1 .4 0 75 cents $ 1 .5 0 85 cents $1.05 85 cents 55 cents Area M e m p h i s , T e n n . - A r k . —M i s s ., N o v . 1 9 7 6 ' ____________________ M i a m i , F l a . , O ct. 1976__________________________________________ M i l w a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1976 ____________________________________ M i n n e a p o l i s —St. P a u l, Minn.—W i s . , Jan. 1977________________ N as sa u —Su ffolk, N . Y . , June 1976 ______________________________ N e w a r k , N .J . , J a n . . 1976 _________________________________________ N e w O r l e a n s , L a . , Jan. 1976 ___________________________________ N e w Y o r k , N . Y . —N .J . , M a y 1976_______________________________ N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a Beacfh—P o r t s m o u t h , Va — N . C . , M a y 1976 1_________________________________________________ N o r f o l k —V i r g i n i a B ea ch—P o r t s m o u t h and N e w p o r t N e w s —H a m p t o n , V a.—N . C . , M a y 1 9 7 6 1 ___________ N o r th e a s t P e n n s y l v a n i a , Aug. 1976 ____________________________ O k lah o m a C ity , O k la ., Aug. 1976______________________________ O m aha, N e b r . - I o w a , O c t. 1976_________________________________ P a t e r son—C lifto n —P a s s a i c , N .J . , June 1976 __________________ P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .—N .J . , N o v . 1976 1___________________________ P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , Jan. 1977_______________________________________ P o r t l a n d , M a i n e , D ec. 1976 1 ___________________________________ P o r t l a n d , O r e g . - W a s h . , M a y 1976 ____________________________ P o u g h k e e p s ie , N . Y . , June 1976 ________________________________ P o u g h k e e p s ie —K ingsto n—N e w b u r g h , N . Y . , June 1976_______ P r o v i d e n c e—W a r w i c k —P a w t u c k e t , R .1.— M a s s . , June 1976________________________________________________ R ic h m o n d , V a . , June 1976_______________________________________ St. L o u i s , M o .—111., M a r . 1976 1________________________________ S a c r a m e n to , C a l i f . , D ec. 1976 _________________________________ Sa ginaw, M i c h . , N o v . 1976 1_____________________________________ Salt L a k e C ity—O g de n , Utah, N o v . 1976_______________________ San A n to n io , T e x . , M a y 1976 ___________________________________ San D i e g o , C a l i f . , N o v . 1976____________________________________ San F r a n c i s c o —O a k la n d , C a l i f . , M a r . 1976 __________________ San J o s e , C a l i f . , M a r . 1976_____________________________________ Se attle —E v e r e t t , W a s h . , Jan. 1976 ____________________________ South Bend, Ind., M a r . 1976 ____________________________________ S y r a c u s e , N . Y . , July 1976_______________________________________ T o l e d o , Ohio—M i c h . , M a y 1976_________________________________ T r e n t o n , N .J . , Sept. 1976________________________________________ W a sh in g ton , D .C.—M d . —V a . , M a r . 1976 _______________________ W i c h i t a , K a n s ., A p r . 1976_______________________________________ W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , A p r . 1976 __________________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F eb . 1976 ____________________________________________ Bulle tin number and 3r i c e * 1900-75, 1900-66, 1900-22, 1950-3, 1900-35, 1900-10, 1900-2, 1900-48, 85 cents 75 cents 85 cents $ 1.60 85 cents 85 cents 75 cents $ 1.05 1900-27, 85 cents 1900-33, 1900-43, 1900-42, 1900-61, 1900-38, 1900-64, 1950-1, 1900-72, 1900-51, 1900-50, 1900-55, $ 1.50 85 cents 75 cents 45 cents 55 cents 1900-31, 1900-34, 1900-19, 1900-71, 1900-74, 1900-65, 1900-23, 1900-79, 1900-9, 1900-13, 1900-6, 1900-5, 1900-44, 1900-24, 1900-56, 1900-12, 1900-21, 1900-16, 1900-4, 75 c e nt s 65 cents $1.25 5 5 c ent s 75 cents 55 cents 65 cents 5 5 cents 95 cents 75 cents 65 cents 55 cents 55 cents 55 cents 55 cents 85 cents 55 cents 5 5 c ent s 55 cents Prices arc determined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change. 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. 85 65 55 55 55 $ cents cents cents cents cents 1.10 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Region II Region III Region IV 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (AreaCode617) Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York. 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