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jl j; /f ro ~V3 Daytona Beach, Florida, Metropolitan Area, August 1977 Area Wage Survey Bulletin 1950-43 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics v <jV' . \>v Preface This bulletin provides results of an August 1977 survey of occu pational earnings and supplementary wage benefits in the Daytona Beach, Florida, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. The survey was made as part of the Bureau of Labor Statistics' annual area wage survey program. It was conducted by the Bureau's regional office in Atlanta, Ga., under the general direction of Jerry G. Adams, Assistant Regional Commissioner for Operations. The survey could not have been accomplished without the cooperation of the many firms whose wage and salary data provided the basis for the statistical information in this bulletin. The Bureau wishes to express sincere appreciation for the cooperation received. Material in this publication is in the public domain and may be re produced without permission of the Federal Government. Please credit the Bureau of Labor Statistics and cite the name and number of this publication. Area Wage Survey Daytona Beach, Florida, Metropolitan Area, August 1977 U.S. Department of Labor Ray Marshall, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner Contents Page Page November 1977 Bulletin 1950-43 Introduction----------------------------------------------------- B-5. A. B-6. B. Earnings, all establishments: A -l. Weekly earnings of office workers------------------------------------- 3 A-2. Weekly earnings of profes sional and technical w orkers------ 4 A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex---------- 4 A-4. Hourly earnings of mainte nance, toolroom, and powerplant w orkers------------------- 5 A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers------------------------------------- A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material move ment, and custodial workers, Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts,for se lected occup ational g r o u p s --------- 7 Establishment practices and supple mentary wage provisions: B -l. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists B-2. B-3. B-4. Tables: A-7. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, GPO Bookstores, or BLS Regional Offices listed on back cover. 2 Late-shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing plant w orkers---------------------------Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift 9 B-7. Appendix A. Appendix B. Annual paid holidays for full time workers----------------------------- 11 Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers------------------------12 Health, insurance, and pension plans for full-time workers--------14 Life insurance plans for full-time workers------------------------15 Scope and method of survey----------- 19 Occupational descriptions------------- 25 Introduction This area is 1 of 74 in which the U.S. Department of Labor's Bu reau of Labor Statistics conducts surveys of occupational earnings and re lated benefits. (See list of areas on inside back cover.) In' each area, occupational earnings data (A -series tables) are collected annually. Infor mation on establishment practices and supplementary wage benefits (B series tables) is obtained every third year. Table A-7 provides percent changes in average hourly earnings of office clerical workers, electronic data processing workers, industrial nurses, skilled maintenance trades workers, and unskilled plant workers. Where possible, data are presented for all industries and for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing separately. Data are not presented for skilled main tenance workers in nonmanufacturing because the number of workers em ployed in this occupational group in nonmanufacturing is too small to warrant separate presentation. This table provides a measure of wage trends after elimination of changes in average earnings caused by employment shifts among establishments as well as turnover of establishments included in survey samples. For further details, see appendix A. Each year after all individual area wage surveys have been com pleted, two summary bulletins are issued. The first brings together data for each metropolitan area surveyed; the second presents national and re gional estimates, projected from individual metropolitan area data, for all Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. B -series tables A major consideration in the area wage survey program is the need to describe the level and movement of wages in a variety of labor markets, through the analysis of (1) the level and distribution of wages by occupation, and (2) the movement of wages by occupational category and skill level. The program develops information that may be used for many purposes, including wage and salary administration, collective bargaining, and a s sistance in determining plant location. Survey results also are used by the U.S. Department of Labor to make wage determinations under the Service Contract Act of 1965. The B -series tables present information on minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks; late-shift pay provisions and practices for plant workers in manufacturing; and data separately for plant and office workers on scheduled weekly hours and days of first-shift work ers; paid holidays; paid vacations; health, insurance, and pension plans; and more detailed information on life insurance plans. Appendixes A -series tables Appendix A describes the methods and concepts used in the area wage survey program. It provides information on the scope of the area survey, on the area's industrial composition in manufacturing, and on labor-management agreement coverage. Tables A - l through A-6 provide estimates of straight-time weekly or hourly earnings for workers in occupations common to a variety of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries. For the 31 largest survey areas, tables A - 8 through A - 13 provide similar data for establishments employing 500 workers or more. Appendix B provides job descriptions used by Bureau field econ omists to classify workers by occupation. 2 A. Earnings Table A-1. Weekly earnings of office workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly e a r n in g s o f— O c c u p a tio n and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of workers ALL WORKERS Average weekly (standard) * Me an2 Median 2 Middle range 2 i $ $ * * * * $ S $ % $ % S $ S $ % S $ 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 300 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 300 320 6 2 6 4 2 7 2 5 8 4 10 10 ■ 17 17 ” 2 2 “ - - - 3 2 1 1 ~ - 4 2 2 “ 9 9 4 11 6 5 ” 1 1 “ 5 1 2 2 2 2 “ 1 1 - 9 9 “ 2 1 “ “ “ “ 2 1 2 2 - - 16 16 “ - “ - - 1 ~ ~ - - 90 and u n d er SECRETARIES -------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 99 68 31 $ $ $ $ 40.0 183.50 180.50 150.00-217.00 39.5 194.00 208.00 165.00-217.00 40.0 161.00 155.00 138.00-171.50 - - 1 2 ~ - 1 2 14 8 6 SECRETARIES. CLASS C ------------MANUFACTURING -------------------- 29 17 40.0 192.50 188.00 164.00-230.00 39.5 212.00 230.00 190.00-230.00 - - - - 2 4 1 1 “ SECRETARIES. CLASS 0 ------------MANUFACTURING -------------------- 94 36 40.0 176.50 166.50 138.00-217.00 40.0 181.00 177.00 154.00-217.00 10 7 1 1 6 5 4 4 STENOGRAPHERS ------------------------ 20 40.0 182.00 159.50 147.00-217.00 7 2 i 2 - 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 2 - - - - - 8 8 - - - _ _ - - _ _ - - " _ _ _ _ - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 4 4 1 1 4 2 “ 1 “ TYPISTS ------------------------------N0NMANUFACTURIN6 ----------------- 23 20 39.0 164.00 160.00 129.50-219.50 39.0 167.50 156.00 137.00-219.50 1 1 2 1 3 3 - SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS --------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 35 30 39.5 122.00 108.00 104.00-125.00 40.0 118.00 108.00 104.00-115.00 - 18 18 5 5 3 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 - ~ - 1 - - “ - - SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSNONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 27 18 39.5 122.00 112.00 110.00-135.00 39.0 117.50 110.00 108.50-134.50 2 2 5 5 8 4 2 1 6 6 3 - - 1 - - - - - - ACCOUNTING CLERKS ------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 152 44 108 39.0 144.50 131.00 115.00-167.50 38.5 156.50 163.00 126.00-180.00 39.0 139.50 125.50 114.50-147.00 10 1 9 17 4 13 15 i 14 30 6 24 14 6 8 16 2 14 9 9 3 3 - 12 9 3 9 4 5 3 3 “ 4 2 3 3 “ - - 2 ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A -----MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 54 16 38 39.5 177.00 157.50 145.00-197.50 39.0 179.50 178.00 168.50-198.50 39.5 176.00 151.00 145.00-185.00 - - - 5 1 4 2 2 13 1 12 6 - 4 4 6 3 3 3 1 3 3 - 6 ~ ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B -----MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 98 28 70 38.5 126.50 123.00 108.50-133.50 38.0 143.50 135.00 122.00-173.50 38.5 120.00 117.00 106.50-125.00 10 1 9 19 38.5 133.00 124.50 114.00-155.50 3 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS ------------------ ~ “ 4 17 4 13 15 1 14 25 5 20 10 4 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 6 1 5 2 1 1 1 2 S e e fo o tn o te s at en d o f ta b le s . 3 1 5 6 5 3 3 3 1 1 2 ~ 1 i i ~ - - - 1 1 - " - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ “ _ - 2 - 4 - 2 4 _ - 1 1 - - 4 - 1 2 - ~ - ~ - - - “ ” ~ “ 2 4 “ 1 - - - - ~ Table A-2. Weekly earnings of professional and technical workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Weekly earnings1 (standard) Number Occupation and industry division of Average weekly hours1 (standard) Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time w e ekly earnings of— * * $ $ i $ s $ ( t $ s 210 220 230 240 250 260 1 150 160 170 180 190 200 and under 160 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 4 - 1 8 2 5 1 4 1 14 7 2 5 3 2 1 2 s t s $ * $ 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 280 290 300 310 3 20 330 340 350 360 - 3 3 1 - 2 1 2 2 1 1 $ $ $ $ 39.5 233.50 222.00 201.00-247.50 40.0 261.00 248.00 230.50-298.50 1 ----------------- 21 231.00 218.50 200.00-238.50 - - - - 5 3 4 1 3 2 - - 1 - - - - DRAFTERS* CLASS C ----------------- 15 208.00 192.50 176.00-223.00 1 - 4 1 3 2 - - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - - ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS ------------ 42 ” 5 6 3 2 “ 3 ~ “ 2 1 7 1 12 - - drafters* class b * 64 17 DRAFTERS -----------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------- 40.0 253.50 266.00 189.00-319.50 * 280 o o 180 * 270 o o ALL WORKERS 170 % - See footnotes at end of tables. Table A-3. Average weekly earnings of office, professional, and technical workers, by sex, in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Average (m ean2) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours4 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN SECRETARIES --------------------------- $ 40.0 183.50 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 99 68 31 SECRETARIES. CLASS C -------------MANUFACTURING --------------------- 29 17 40.0 192.50 39.5 212.00 SECRETARIES. CLASS D -------------MANUFACTURING -------------------- 44 36 40.0 176.50 40.0 181.00 STENOGRAPHERS ------------------------ 20 40.0 182.00 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 23 20 40.0 161.00 39.0 164.00 39.0 167.50 Average (m ean 2) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Weekly hours1 v (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Average (m ean2) Sex, 3 occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly hours4 (standard) Weekly earnings1 (standard) OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WOM E N — CONTINUED OFFICE OCCUPATIONS WO M E N — CONTINUED $ 35 30 40.0 118.00 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONISTSNONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 27 18 39.5 122.00 39.0 117.50 ACCOUNTING CLERKS ------------------' MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 141 41 10C ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS A ------ 45 32 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN 39.0 138.00 38.5 155.00 39.0 131.50 DRAFTERS -----------------------------MANUFACTURING --------------------39.5 164.00 U K A r1 tK ai LLAbj o NONNANUFAC TuRINb 39.5 157.50 96 28 68 38.5 126.00 ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS -----------38.0 143.50 38.5 119.00 NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- ; ACCOUNTING CLERKS. CLASS B -----MANUFACTURING -------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------See footnotes at end of tables. Number of workers 4 19 38.5 133*00 45 16 40.0 240.50 40.0 262.50 20 40.0 42 40.0 253.50 2 - - - 2 Table A-4. Hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, and powerplant workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Hourly earnings Number of workers Occupation and industry division N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— 4 $ t 2 .70 2.80 Mean 2 Median2 Middle range 2 s 2.90 $ 3.00 s 3.10 s 3.20 s 3.30 s * 3 . A0 3 . 5 0 s $ $ s s s s $ s $ 3.6 0 3.80 4 .0 0 4.2 0 4.40 4 .6 0 4.80 5 .00 5.20 3.00 3.10 3.2 0 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.6 0 3.80 4.00 - 2 s $ 5.40 5 .60 i 5.80 6.00 and under 2*80 2.90 4 .20 4.40 4.60 4.8 0 5.00 5 .20 5.40 5 .6 0 5.80 over 6.00 ALL UORKERS * 00 i in Sf $ 5.04 o o 37 * - CO MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) 2 - - - - - - A - 4 - - 1 - 3 - - - 2 0 1 See footnotes at end of tables. Table A-5. Hourly earnings of material movement and custodial workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Hourly earnings 4 Occupation and industry division workers Mean 2 M ed ian 2 M iddle range 2 N u m b e r of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— s * $ * $ S $ * $ * % % S t * S S $ S S $ $ $ 2.30 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4 .20 4.40 4 .60 4.80 5.0U 5.20 5.40 5.60 5.80 6.00 6.20 6*4 0 6.60 and under 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4 .40 4.60 4 ,80 5.00 5.20 5.40 5.60 5.80 6.00 6.20 6.40 6.60 7.00 ALL UORKERS 84 73 $ 3.65 3.53 $ 3.53 3.53 $ $ 3.27- 4.10 3.27- 3.53 - MEDIUM TRUCK ---------- 55 3.86 3.53 3.53- 4.44 RECEIVERS -------------------------------------------------- 20 4.01 4.20 WAREHOUSEMEN -------------------------------------------- 23 4.27 MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS --------------- 71 3.77 JANITORS* PORTERS. AND CLEANERS — MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------------------- 118 43 75 3.37 3.30 3.42 3.28 TRUCKDRIVERS -------------------------------------------NONMANUF A C T U R I N 6 ----------------------------TRUCKDRIVERS* 6 6 6 6 - - - - 3.41- 4.67 - - 4 3.55 3.53- 5.10 - - 4.17 3.40- 4.17 8 - 2.75- 4.06 3.06- 3.63 2.7 5- 4.06 _ 15 4 11 3.33 3.26 1 1 12 - 1 2 2 3 1 2 - - 39 1 3 - - 1 2 5 1 2 5 - 1 2 - 3 - 2 8 2 - 6 3 5 4 4 7 7 6 6 25 1 24 31 30 - - 6 30 1 - - - - - 4 - 2 - 4 - 19 11 2 2 10 10 17 9 13 7 6 5 - 4 2 9 8 See footnotes at end of tables. 15 12 1 " 6 6 1 1 “ - 1 - 1 1 - - - - ' 2 2 i ~ - 2 ~ - - ~ - - - 1 - - ~ - - 1 2 1 1 1 ~ ” “ “ ~ ~ Table A-6. Average hourly earnings of maintenance, toolroom, powerplant, material movement, and custodial workers, by sex, in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Number Sex, occupation, a n d industry division of Average (m ean2 ) hourly earnings4 Number Sex, 3 occupation, a n d i n dustry division MAINTENANCE! TOOLROOM. AND POWERPLANT OCCUPATIONS - MEN MAINTENANCE MECHANICS (MACHINERY) - 37 $ 5.04 80 69 3.71 3.6C ---------------- 55 3.86 ----------------------------------------------------------- 19 4.29 TRUCKDRIVERS. MEDIUM TRUCK WAREHOUSEMEN Average (m ean2 ) hourly earnings 4 MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN— CONTINUED MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - MEN TRUCKDRIVERS ----------------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ---------------------------------------- of MATERIAL HANDLING LABORERS --------- 57 $ 3.71 JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS --MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING ----------------- 103 31 72 3.40 3.30 3.44 15 3.19 MATERIAL MOVEMENT AND CUSTODIAL OCCUPATIONS - WOMEN JANITORS. PORTERS. AND CLEANERS S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. 6 ------- Table A-7. Percent increases in average hourly earnings, adjusted for employment shifts, for selected occupational groups in Daytona Beach, Fla., for selected periods A u g u s t 1975 Industry a n d o c cupational g r o u p 5 to August 1976 All industries: Office clerical______________ Electronic data p r o c e s s i n g Industrial n u r s e s ___________ Skilled m a i n t e n a n c e trad e s U n skilled plant w o r k e r s ___ () (?) (?) ( 6) 10.6 A u g u s t 1976 to A u g u s t 1977 (?) () (?) ( 6) 6.1 Manufacturing: Office clerical_________________________________________ Electronic data p r o c e s s i n g __________________________ Industrial n u r s e s ______________________________________ Skilled m a i n t e n a n c e t r a d e s __________________________ Unskilled plant w o r k e r s ______________________________ ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ( 6) Nonmanufacturing: Office clerical______________ Electronic data p r o c e s s i n g Industrial n u r s e s ___________ Unskilled plant w o r k e r s ___ (?) (?) ( 6) ( 6) S e e footnotes at e n d of tables. 7 (?) (?) ( 6) ( 6) B. Establishm ent practices and supplem entary w a g e provisions Table B-1. Minimum entrance salaries for inexperienced typists and clerks in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Inexperienced typists Manufacturing M i n i m u m weekly straight-time salary7 All industries Other inexperienced clerical w o r k e r s 8 Nonmanufacturing Based on standard weekly h ours9 of— All schedules 40 ESTABLISHMENTS STUDIED ------------ 59 h a v i n g A SPECIFIED MINIMUM ------------------------------- 5 3 ~ - ~ - - - - - 2 2 2 ii Nonmanufacturing Manufacturing All industries All schedules Based on standard weekly hours 9 of— All schedules 40 All schedules 40 XXX XXX ' 37 Vs 98 59 11 XXX 48 3 2 19 6 6 13 7 3 - - 9 1 1 3 2 _ _1 _ ~ 3 1 XXX establishments *90.00 *92.50 *95.00 *97.50 *100.00 *105.00 $110.00 *115.00 *120.00 *125.00 *130.00 *135.00 *190.00 *195.00 *150.00 *155.00 *160.00 *165.00 *170.00 *175.00 *180.00 AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND AND UNDER UN0ER UNDER UNDER *92.50 ----------*95.00 ----------*97.50 ----------*100.00 ---------- UNDER *105.00 --------UNDER *110.00 --------UNDER $115.00 --------UNDER *120.00 --------UNDER *125.00 --------UNDER *130.00 --------UNDER *135.00 --------UNDER *190.00 --------UNDER *195.00 --------UNDER *150.00 --------UNDER *155.00 --------UNDER *160.00 --------UNDER *165.00 --------UNDER *170.00 --------UNDER *175.00 --------UNDER *180.00 --------OVER ------------------- i -• i i ~ 2 2 - 3 1 2 1 _ _ _ _ 1 1 - 3 1 2 1 _ 1 _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 1 _ _ _ _ _1 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 1 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 - _ _ _ _ _ - ~ - - ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 “ 1 1 1 ~ - - - - - ~ ~ ~ 1 - ESTABLISHMENTS HAVING NO SPECIFIED MINIMUM ------------------------------- 3 1 XXX 2 9 2 XXX 7 XXX XXX ESTABLISHMENTS UHICH OID NOT EMPLOY WORKERS IN THIS CATEGORY ----------- 51 7 XXX 99 31 3 XXX 28 XXX XXX S e e fo o tn o te s a t en d o f ta b le s . 8 Table B-2. Late-shift pay provisions for full-time manufacturing plant workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 ( A l l f u l l - t i m e m a n u fa c tu r in g p la n t w o r k e r s = 100 p e r c e n t ) A ll w o rk ers W o r k e r s o n la te s h ifts 10 Ite m S econ d s h ift T h ir d s h ift S econ d s h ift T h ir d s h ift IN ESTABLISHMENTS WITH LATE SHIFT PROVISIONS ----- 91.0 73.2 12.9 6.6 WITH NO PAY DIFFERENTIAL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK ----WITH PAY DIFFERENTIAL FOR LATE SHIFT WORK --------UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR DIFFERENTIAL ------------UNIFORM PERCENTA6E D I F F E R E N T I A L -----------------OTHER DIFFERENTIAL --------------------------------- 5.8 85.2 70.0 15.2 - 73.2 47.8 15.2 10. 1 1.1 11.8 10.3 1.5 “ 6.6 6.3 .3 (11) 13.3 8.0 17.9 8.0 13.4 7.8 19.9 7.0 c e n t s -p e r - h o u r : CENTS ----------------------------------------AND UNOER 14 CENTS -------------------------CENTS ----------------------------------------CENTS ----------------------------------------- 20.8 10.1 39.1 “ 5.9 8.3 33.7 2.5 2.3 5.5 “ .1 6.2 percentage: 7 PERCENT ---------------------------------------10 PERCENT --------------------------------------- 10.1 5.1 10. 1 5.1 1.1 .4 .3 “ PERCENT OF WORKERS - AVERABE PAY DIFFERENTIAL UNIFORM CENTS-PER-HOUR DIFFERENTIAL ---------------UNIFORM PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL -------------------PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TYPE AND AMOUNT OF PAY DIFFERENTIAL uniform 10 13 15 20 uniform OTHER DIFFERENTIAL: FULL DAY'S PAY FOR REDUCED HOURS 10.1 ---------------- See footnotes at end of tables. 9 111) Table B-3. Scheduled weekly hours and days of full-time first-shift workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Plant workers Item All industries Office workers M anufactur ing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 PERCENT OF yORKERS BY SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS AND DAYS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS -----------30 32 32 35 36 37 38 38 40 44 45 46 50 55 HOURS— 5 DAYS ----------------------HOURS— 5 OAYS ----------------------1/2 HOURS— 5 DAYS -----------------HOURS ------------------------------5 OAYS -----------------------------6 DAYS -----------------------------1/4 HOURS— 5 OAYS -----------------1/2 HOURS-5 DAYS -----------------HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------3/4 HOURS-5 DAYS -----------------HOURS ------------------------------5 DAYS -----------------------------6 DAYS -----------------------------HOURS— 6 D A Y S ----------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------HOURS— 6 DAYS ----------------------HOURS-5 DAYS ----------------------HOURS-5 1/2 DAYS ------------------ 100 1 1 1 17 9 8 3 65 60 5 2 2 4 1 2 _ 10 81 81 1 1 2 23 12 11 - 9 60 53 7 3 3 6 1 ~ 41.1 39.2 - _ 92 92 - 3 3 ~ 1 28 (12) 1 64 64 8 1 1 - 6 - 39.2 39.7 - - - - - - ~ 22 73 73 ~ 4 4 1 30 1 2 62 62 67 33 33 -» - 2 - AVERAGE SCHEDULED WEEKLY HOURS ALL WEEKLY WORK SCHEDULES ----------- 39.7 40.8 S e e fo o tn o te a t end o f t a b le s . 10 39.1 38.3 Table B-4. Annual paid holidays for full-time workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Plant workers Item All industries Manufacturing Office workers Nonmanufacturing Public utilities All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 100 PERCENT OF WORKERS ALL FULL-TIME WORKERS --------- 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 IN ESTABLISHMENTS NOT PROVIDING PAID H O L I D A Y S ------- '-----------IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING PAID HOLIDAYS -------------------- 28 _ 38 - 2 - 3 - 97 100 6.8 9.7 72 100 62 100 98 6.4 7-6 5.8 9.5 7.1 2 1 - 3 1 12 14 6 14 - 100 AVERAGE NUMBER OF PAID HOLIDAYS co FOR WORKERS IN ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIDING HOLIDAYS ------------PERCENT OF WORKERS BY NUMBER OF PAID HOLIDAYS PROVIDED 6 1 2 5 6 7 8 HALF DAYS -----------------------HOLIDAY --------------------------HOLIDAYS -------------------------HOLIDAYS -------------------------HOLIDAYS -------------------------HOLIDAYS -------------------------HOLIDAYS -------------------------PLUS 1 HALF DAY ---------------V HOLIDAYS -------------------------10 HOLI D A Y S ------------------------- 6 13 11 14 (12) 3 11 8 9 26 15 ( 12) 12 33 5 3 10 72 71 63 61 48 37 23 23 19 8 100 100 100 100 91 65 50 50 38 5 62 61 49 46 32 27 13 13 13 10 - - 89 2 8 20 44 3 1 8 12 6 16 2 16 5 30 26 100 100 100 100 92 89 89 89 89 89 98 98 96 96 88 68 24 21 20 12 100 100 100 100 94 79 77 61 56 26 8 2 - 2 9 21 54 ~ - 3 3 - 2 9 94 97 97 95 95 86 100 100 100 100 97 - PERCENT OF WORKERS BY TOTAL PAID HOLIDAY TIME PROVIDED 13 1 DAY OR MORE ---------------------2 DAYS OR MORE --------------------3 DAYS OR MORE --------------------5 DAYS OR MORE --------------------6 DAYS OR MORE --------------------7 DAYS OR M O R E --------------------8 DAYS OR MORE --------------------8 1/2 DAYS OR MORE ---------------9 DAYS OR MORE --------------------10 DAYS ------------------------------ See footnotes at end of tables. 11 65 94 12 12 12 9 94 94 94 94 Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Plant workers Item PERCENT IN Manufacturing Nonmanufactur ing 100 100 Public utilities All industries Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 60 10 5 49 - 1 62 13 94 - 14 83 10 84 15 82 100 WORKERS ---------- 100 E S T A B L I S H M E N T S NOT PRO V I O I N G P A I D V A C A T I O N S ---------------------ESTABLISHMENTS PROVIOING P A I D V A C A T I O N S ---------------------L E N G T H - O F - T I H E P A Y M E N T -------P E R C E N T A G E P A Y M E N T --------------- 94 84 10 100 80 20 92 85 7 11 16 4 2 39 15 - (12) 17 5 2 65 22 3 81 10 60 27 4 11 89 2 - 20 2 98 ALL IN OF All industries Office workers AMOUNT 6 FULL-TIME OF PAID MONTHS OF WORKERS VACATION A F T E R : 14 SERVICE! U N D E R 1 W E E K ----------------1 W E E K --------------------------OVER 1 AND UNDER 2 WEEKS 2 W E E K S ------------------------1 2 3 4 YEAR OF SERVICE: 1 W E E K -------------------------2 W E E K S ------------------------O V E R 2 AND UNOEft 3 W E E K S OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS 4 W E E K S ------------------------Y E A R S OF SERVICE! 1 W E E K --------------------------2 W E E K S ------------------------OVER 2 AND UNDER 3 WEEKS OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS 4 W E E K S ------------------------Y E A R S OF SERVICE: 1 W E E K --------------------------2 W E E K S ------------------------3 W E E K S ------------------------OVER 3 AND UNDER 4 WEEKS 4 W E E K S ------------------------Y E A R S OF SERVICE! 1 W E E K --------------------------2 W E E K S ------------------------OVER 3 AND UNOER 4 WEEKS 4 W E E K S ------------------------- 5 8 6 Y E A R S OF SERVICE: 1 W E E K --------------------------2 W E E K S ------------------------OVER 2 ANO UNOER 3 WEEKS 3 W E E K S ------------------------OVER 3 ANO UNDER 4 WEEKS 4 W E E K S ------------------------- 2 22 68 3 : 30 70 62 28 “ 2 66 4 7 93 14 76 3 9 91 15 71 4 2 98 2 96 6 94 11 63 1 14 2 9 91 2 96 2 2 98 - 15 71 4 2 85 5 10 15 56 (12) 15 2 82 15 1 72 6 20 ” 2 - 2 12 3 94 100 i 97 100 2 2 14 76 3 2 - 2 2 See footnotes at end of tables. 2 - 4 94 _ 6 94 1 97 2 - 68 26 7 100 - 1 73 1 23 2 95 5 - Table B-5. Paid vacation provisions for full-time workers ini Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977— Continued Plant workers Office workers Item A MOUNT OF P A I D CONTINUED 10 1 2 3 VACATION YEARS OF SERVICE! W E E K ------------------------------W E E K S --------------- .-------------W E E K S ------------------------------ YEARS 1 WEEK 2 WEEKS 3 WEEKS OVER 3 4 WEEKS OVER 4 OVER 5 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 20 25 30 OF SERVICE: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A N D U N D E R 4 W E E K S -------------------------------A N O U N D E R 5 W E E K S --A N D U N D E R 6 W E E K S --- Y E A R S OF S E R VICE! W E E K ------------------------------W E E K S -----------------------------W E E K S WEEKS WEEKS W E E K S --------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 W E E K ------------------------------2 W E E K S -----------------------------3 W E E K S -----------------------------4 W E E K S ----------------------------5 W E E K S -----------------------------O V E R 5 A N D U N O E R 6 W E E K S --7 W E E K S ------------------------------ YEARS OF SERVICE! 1 W E E K -------------------------------2 W E E K S -----------------------------3 W E E K S -----------------------------4 W E E K S -----------------------------5 W E E K S -----------------------------O V E R 5 A N O U N O E R 6 W E E K S ---6 W E E K S -----------------------------7 W E E K S -----------------------------YEARS OF SERVICE!* 1 W E E K -------------------------------2 W E E K S -----------------------------3 W E E K S -----------------------------4 W E E K S ------------------------------5 W E E K S ------------------------------O V E R 5 A N O U N O E R 6 W E E K S ---6 W E E K S ------------------------------7 W E E K S ------------------------------- * Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing Public utilities 11 27 48 4 36 64 15 24 43 6 98 - - Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing 1 7 90 (12) 7 93 - 1 7 89 1 '3 97 - - 2 - 2 - ii 23 52 5 3 ~ 11 23 31 24 4 “ 11 23 22 33 2 3 _ 21 79 15 24 42 7 4 ~ 2 91 1 7 77 13 1 2 - 21 56 23 15 24 22 25 6 “ 2 “ _ 21 37 42 - 2 7 ” 36 62 ~ 15 24 17 29 3 4 Public utilities - 1 7 73 16 1 _ 3 96 - 2 1 “ 6 34 60 1 7 60 30 3 29 68 - - - “ 2 - “ _ _ - _ 8 82 7 1 7 38 52 (12) 3 3 93 1 : 2 - 2 : 3 3 25 67 _ 1 7 34 42 15 6 19 36 40 1 7 38 43 9 7 (12) 2 - (12) 2 2 8 1 7 34 40 12 6 19 36 14 1 7 38 40 11 21 37 37 5 15 24 17 17 14 2 8 28 55 1 - 1 11 23 22 21 12 21 37 37 - 15 24 17 14 17 82 2 5 1 7 - 13 6 94 - 6 19 76 11 23 22 23 12 Estimates of provisions fo r longer periods of. service are identical. 1 7 55 36 2 _ 1 7 34 56 (12) 2 See footnotes at end of tables. All industries A F T E R 14- 4 W E E K S -----------------------------O V E R 4 A N D U N D E R 5 W E E K S --5 W E E K S -----------------------------12 All industries 5 2 26 (12) 2 1 3 3 - 93 1 Table B-6. Health, insurance, and pension plans for full-time workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Plant w orkers Item PERCENT A ll industries Manufacturing O ffice w orkers Nonmanufacturing j Public utilities A ll industries Manufacturing No nm anuf actur ing Public utilities OF W O R K E R S 100 100 100 98 100 98 100 100 70 92 63 94 77 91 59 100 72 93 63 88 58 89 72 88 55 99 71 50 100 88 87 88 100 42 42 23 11 18 15 35 30 76 76 25 19 7 5 32 42 29 45 69 65 70 33 9 - 12 55 9 - 12 67 LONG-TERM DISABILITY I N S U R A N C E ------------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S -------- 14 7 5 - 17 9 55 55 32 19 26 - 34 24 67 67 H O S P I T A L I Z A T I O N I N S U R A N C E -----N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S -------- 87 40 100 94 82 21 100 70 98 63 100 82 98 58 100 72 S U R G I C A L I N S U R A N C E --------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y . P L A N S -------- 87 40 100 94 82 21 100 70 98 63 100 82 98 58 100 72 M E D I C A L I N S U R A N C E ---------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S -------- 84 40 100 94 78 21 100 70 96 63 100 82 95 58 100 72 M A J O R M E D I C A L I N S U R A N C E --------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S -------- 84 38 100 94 79 18 100 70 95 60 100 82 93 54 100 72 DE N T A L I N S U R A N C E ----------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S -------- 10 8 _ " 14 11 62 62 15 13 “ 19 16 68 68 R E T I R E M E N T P E N S I O N --------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S ------— 59 51 78 73 52 43 89 89 85 73 88 63 84 76 94 94 100 100 100 IN E S T A B L I S H M E N T S P R O V I D I N G AT L E A S T ON E OF THE B E N E F I T S S H O W N B E L O W 15---------------------- 87 100 83 L I F E I N S U R A N C E -------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S --------- 78 43 91 85 74 28 A C C I D E N T A L D E A T H AND D I S M E M B E R M E N T I N S U R A N C E ------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S --------- 59 31 79 73 52 16 S I C K N E S S ANO A C C I D E N T I N S U R A N C E OR S I C K L E A V E OR B O T H 16--------- 51 53 29 20 ALL F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S ------- S I C K N E S S ANO A C C I D E N T I N S U R A N C E ----------------------N O N C O N T R I B U T O R Y P L A N S -----S I C K L E A V E (F U L L PAY AND NO W A I T I N G P E R I O D ) --------------S I C K L E A V E (P AR T I A L PAY OR W A I T I N 6 P E R I O D ) --------------- See footnotes at edd of tables. 100 100 100 Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977 Office workers Plant workers Manufacturing A ll industries Manufacturing A ll industries Item A ll plans 17 Noncontributory plans 17 A ll plans 17 Noncontributory plans 17 41 22 58 58 A ll plans 17 N one ont ribut o r y plans 17 A ll plans 17 Noncontributory plans 17 TY PE OF P L A N AND A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S ARE P R O V I D E D THE SAME F L A T - S U M D O L L A R AM OU NT : P E R C E N T OF A L L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S 18--------------A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E P R O V I D E D : 19 M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I O O L E R A N G E (SO P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (60 P E R C E N T ) ------------A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E IS B A S E O O N A S C H E D U L E W H I C H I N D I C A T E S A S P E C I F I E D D O L L A R A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E FO R A S P E C I F I E D L E N G T H OF S E RV IC E: P E R C E N T OF AL L F U L L - T I M E W O R K E R S 18--------------A M O U N T OF I N S U R A N C E P R O V I D E D 19 A F TE R: 6 M O N T H S OF S E R V I C E : M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------1 YE A R OF S E R V I C E : M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (60 P E R C E N T ) ------------5 Y E A R S OF SERV IC E: M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N ------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------10 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E ! M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I D D L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------20 Y E A R S OF S E R V I C E ! M E A N ---------------------------------------M E D I A N -------------------------------------M I O O L E R A N G E (50 P E R C E N T ) ------------M I D D L E R A N G E (80 P E R C E N T ) ------------- $5,500 $ 5 t 000 $2 ,0 0 0 — 5 • 0 0 0 $1 . 5 0 0 - 1 2 . 5 0 0 $3,600 $5,000 $2,000- 5.000 $1,000- 5.000 $3,500 $5,000 $ 2 , 0 0 0 - 5. 0 0 0 $1,000- 5.000 ~ - 12 12 $6 , 9 0 0 $5,000 $3,000-10.000 $1,000-15.000 $4,100 $2,000 $1,000- 5,000 $1,000-10.000 $2 , 3 0 0 $1,000 $ 1 , 0 0 0 - 5. 0 0 0 $ 1 , 0 0 0 - 5. 0 0 0 $2,300 $1,000 $1,000- 5,000 $1,000- 5.000 - - “ ~ - - - _ _ _ - - - - - - _ - - - - - _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - ~ - - - _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ _ - - - - - _ _ - - - - - - _ _ - - - - - _ - - - - _ - - - - ' See footnotes at end of tables. $3,500 $5,000 $2,000- 5.000 $1,000- 5.000 4 8 15 _ _ _ ' - _ Table B-7. Life insurance plans for full-time workers in Daytona Beach, Fla., August 1977— Continued Plant workers Office workers All industries Manufacturing Item All plans 17 Noncontributory plans 17 All industries All plans 17 Noncontributory plans 17 All plans 17 28 22 27 Manufacturing Noncontributory plans 17 All plans 17 Noncontributory plans 17 TYPE OF PLAN AND AMOUNT OF INSURANCE-CONTINUED AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS BASED ON A SCHEDULE UHICH INDICATES A SPECIFIED DOLLAR AMOUNT OF INSURANCE FOR A SPECIFIED AMOUNT OF EARNIN6S: PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME U O R K E R S 18----------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE PRO VIDEO 19 IF: ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE *5.0001 M E A N ---------------------------------MEDIAN ------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) --------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) --------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE *10.000: M E A N ---------------------------------MEDIAN ------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) --------MIODLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) --------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE *15.000: M E A N ---------------------------------MEDIAN ------------------------------MIODLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) --------MIDOLE RANGE (60 PERCENT) --------ANNUAL EARNINGS ARE *20.0001 M E A N ---------------------------------MEDIAN ------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) --------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) --------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS EXPRESSED AS A FACTOR OF ANNUAL EARNINGS! 20 PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME UORKERS 18----------FACTOR OF ANNUAL EARNINGS USED TO CALCULATE AMOUNT OF INSURANCE! 19 20 M E A N ----------------------------------MEDIAN -------------------------------MIDDLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) ---------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) ---------PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME UORKERS COVERED BY PLANS NOT SPECIFYING A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF INSURANCE ------------------------------------PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME UORKERS COVERED BY PLANS SPECIFYING A MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF INSURANCE ------------------------------------SPECIFIED MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF INSURANCE:19 M E A N ---------------------------------MEDIAN -------------------------------MIDOLE RANGE (50 PERCENT) --------MIDDLE RANGE (80 PERCENT) --------AMOUNT OF INSURANCE IS BASED ON SOME OTHER TYPE OF p l a n : PERCENT OF ALL FULL-TIME UORKERS 18---------- 15 $81500 *10.000 8 57 39 *3.000-11.000 *6.400 *6.000 *3.000-10.000 *3.000-10.000 *5.800 *6.000 *3.000- 6.000 *3.000-10.000 (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) (6 > *7.200 *5.000 *5.000- 6.000 $5,000-10.000 *5.200 (6) (6) (6) *6.700 *6.000 *6.000- 9.000 *4.200- 9.000 *5.600 $6,000 *6.000- 6.000 *3.000- 6.000 *18.600 *16.000 *13.000-22.000 *5.000-35.000 *14.100 $16,000 *5.000-20.000 *5.000-20.000 *11.400 *13.000 *5.000-16.000 *5.000-16.000 (6 ) (6 ) (6 > (6 > *13.200 *10.000 *10.000-15.000 *10.000-18.000 *11.400 (6) (6) (6) $14,800 *15.000 *15.000-18.000 *8.200-18.000 *13,700 *15,000 *15.000-15.000 *5,000-16.000 *28.900 *30.000 *17.000-30.000 *5.000-65.000 *20.600 *20.000 *5.000-30.000 *5.000-30.000 $18,300 *17.000 *5.000-30.000 *5.000-30.000 (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) *18.800 $15,000 *15.000-20.000 *15 .000-30.000 *16.600 (6) (6) (6) *20.400 *20.000 *20.000-24.000 *9.800-24.000 *19.100 *20,000 *20,000-20,000 *5,000-30,000 $40*200 *42.000 *20.000-42.000 *5 .000-99.900 $26 *40 0 *20.000 *5.000-42.000 *5.000-42.000 *24.100 *20.000 *5.000-42.000 *5.000-42.000 (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) (6 ) $ 2 6 t 800 *20.000 $20,000-30.000 *20.000-42.000 $ 2 3 t 100 (6) (6) (6) $30*300 *30.000 *30.000-37.500 *11.000-37.500 *27,900 $30,000 *30,000-30.000 *5.000-42.000 $6»000-10t 000 20 1.49 1.50 1.00-2.00 1.00-2.50 14 6 *58.700 *50.000 *40.000- 50.000 $40,000-100.000 2 5 5 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6 ) (6 ) 5 5 13 1.25 1.00 1.00-2.00 1.00-2.00 12 1 (6) (6) (6) (6) (12) (6) (6 ) - - _ _ - - - - See footnotes at end of tables. 20 16 - 56 38 1.92 1.88 2.00 26 26 1.50-2.00 1.00-3.00 1.50-2.00 1.00-3.00 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6 ) (6 > (6 ) (6 > 39 27 26 26 17 11 2.00 *190.400 *244.400 *200.000 *300.000 *100.000-300.000 *200.000-300.000 *46.000-300.000 *200.000-300.000 1 1 - - _ _ - _ - _ - - Footnotes S o m e o f t h e s e sta n d a rd f o o tn o te s m a y not a p p ly to this bulletin. 14 In c lu d e s p a y m e n t s ot h e r than " l e n g t h o f t i m e , " such as p e r c e n t a g e o f annual e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , c o n v e r t e d to an e q u i v a l e n t t i m e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p l e , 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s w as c o n s i d e r e d as 1 w e e k ' s pay. P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e a r e c h o s e n a r b i t r a r i l y and do not n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t i n d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n ; f o r e x a m p l e , changes in p r o p o r t i o n s at 10 y e a r s in clud e ch an ge s b e t w e e n 5 and 10 y e a r s . E stim ates a r e c u m u la tiv e . T hu s , th e p r o p o r t i o n e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay a f t e r 10 y e a r s in c lu d e s t h o s e e l i g i b l e f o r at l e a s t 3 w e e k s ' pay a f t e r f e w e r y ea rs of s e r v ic e . 15 E s t i m a t e s l i s t e d a f t e r ty p e o f b e n e f i t a r e f o r a l l plans f o r w h ich at l e a s t a p a r t of the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r . "N on co n trib u to ry p l a n s " in c lu d e on ly th o s e f i n a n c e d e n t i r e l y by the e m p l o y e r . E x c lu d e d a r e l e g a l l y r e q u i r e d p la n s , such as w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p e n s a ti o n , s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , and r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t . 16 U n d u p lic a ted to t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k l e a v e o r s ic k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e shown s e p a r a t e l y b e l o w . S i c k l e a v e plans a r e l i m i t e d to th o s e w h i c h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h at l e a s t the m i n i m u m nu m b er o f d a y s ' pay that e a c h e m p l o y e e can e x p e c t. In fo r m a l sick le a v e allow ances d eterm in ed on an i n d iv id u a l b a s is a r e e x clud ed . 17 E s t i m a t e s un der " A l l p l a n s " r e l a t e to a l l plans f o r w h ich at l e a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p l o y e r . E s t i m a t e s un der " N o n c o n t r i b u t o r y p l a n s " in c lu d e o n ly th o s e f i n a n c e d e n t i r e l y b y the e m p l o y e r . 18 F o r " A l l i n d u s t r i e s , " a l l f u l l - t i m e plant w o r k e r s or o f f i c e w o r k e r s equal 100 p e r c e n t . F o r " M a n u f a c t u r i n g , " a l l f u l l - t i m e plant w o r k e r s o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c tu r in g equal 100 p e r c e n t . 19 T h e m e a n am ount is c o m p u te d b y m u l t i p l y i n g the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s p r o v i d e d i n s u r a n c e b y the am ount o f i n s u r a n c e p r o v i d e d , to ta lin g the p r o d uc ts , and d i v i d i n g the s u m b y th e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . T h e m e d i a n in d ic a te s that h a l f o f th e w o r k e r s a r e p r o v i d e d an am ount equal to o r s m a l l e r and ha lf an am ount equal to o r l a r g e r than the am ount shown. M i d d l e r a n g e (50 p e r ce n t)— a f o u r t h o f the w o r k e r s a r e p r o v i d e d an am ou nt equal to o r l e s s than the s m a l l e r am ount and a f o u r th a r e p r o v i d e d an am ount equal to o r m o r e than the l a r g e r am ount. M i d d l e r a n g e (80 p e r c e n t ) — 10 p e r c e n t of the w o r k e r s a r e p r o v i d e d an am ount equal to o r l e s s than the s m a l l e r amount and 10 p e r c e n t a r e p r o v i d e d an am oun t equal to o r m o r e than the l a r g e r amount. 20 A f a c t o r o f annual e a r n i n g s is the n u m b e r b y w h ic h annual e a r n in g s a r e m u l t i p l i e d to d e t e r m i n e the amount o f i n s u r a n c e p r o v id e d . F o r exam ple, a f a c t o r o f 2 i n d i c a t e s that f o r annual e a r n in g s o f $ 1 0 , 0 0 0 the am ou nt of i n s u r a n c e p r o v i d e d is $20, 000. S ta n d a r d hours r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f pay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r a n d / o r p r e m i u m r a t e s ) , and the e a r n i n g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k l y h o u rs. 2 T h e m e a n is c o m p u te d f o r e a c h job b y to ta lin g the e a r n i n g s of a l l w o r k e r s and d i v i d i n g by the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s . The m edian d e s i g n ate s p o s i t i o n — h a lf o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e th e s a m e o r m o r e and h a lf r e c e i v e th e s a m e o r l e s s than the r a te shown. T h e m i d d l e r a n g e is d e fin e d b y t w o r a t e s o f p ay; a fou rth o f the w o r k e r s e a r n the s a m e o r l e s s than the l o w e r o f th e s e r a t e s and a fo u r th e a r n the s a m e o r m o r e than the h i g h e r r a te . 3 E a r n i n g s data r e l a t e o n ly t o w o r k e r s w h o s e s e x i d e n t i f i c a t i o n w as p r o v i d e d b y the e s t a b l i s h m e n t . 4 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p ay f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and l a t e s h ifts . E s t i m a t e s f o r p e r i o d s ending p r i o r to 1976 r e l a t e to m e n o n ly f o r s k i l l e d m a i n t e n a n c e and u n s k i l l e d plant w o r k e r s . A l l ot h e r e s t i m a t e s r e l a t e to m e n and w o m e n . 6 D ata do not m e e t p u b l i c a ti o n c r i t e r i a o r data not a v a i l a b l e . 7 F o r m a l l y estab lish ed m in im u m r e g u la r s tr a ig h t-tim e hiring s a l a r i e s that a r e p aid f o r s ta n d a rd w o r k w e e k s . 8 E x c l u d e s w o r k e r s in s u b c l e r i c a l jo b s such as m e s s e n g e r . 9 Data a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l s tan d a rd w o r k w e e k s c o m b i n e d , and f o r the m o s t c o m m o n stan da rd w o r k w e e k s r e p o r t e d . 10 In c lu d e s a l l plant w o r k e r s in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t ing l a t e s h i f t s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h o s e f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r la t e s h i f t s , e v e n though the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w e r e not c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la te s h ifts . 11 L e s s than 0.05 p e r c e n t. 12 L e s s than 0.5 p e r c e n t . 13 A l l c o m b i n a t i o n s o f f u l l and h a l f d ays that add to the s a m e am ount a r e c o m b i n e d ; f o r e x a m p l e , the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a to t a l of 10 d a y s in c lu d e s th o s e w ith 10 f u l l d ays and no h a l f d a y s, 9 f u ll d ays and 2 h a l f d a y s , 8 f u l l days and 4 h a lf d a y s , and so on. P r o p o r t i o n s then w e r e c u m u late d . 17 A ppendix A . Scope and M ethod of Survey Data on a r e a w a g e s and r e l a t e d b e n e f i ts a r e o b ta in e d by p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s at 3 - y e a r i n t e r v a l s . In eac h o f th e i n t e r v e n i n g y e a r s , i n f o r m a t i o n on e m p l o y m e n t and o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n i n g s is c o l l e c t e d by a c o m b i n a ti o n o f p e r s o n a l v i s i t , m a i l q u e s t i o n n a i r e , and t e le p h o n e i n t e r v i e w f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p a r t i c i p a t i n g in the p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . In e ach o f th e 74 1 a r e a s c u r r e n t l y s u r v e y e d , data a r e ob ta in e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in s i x b r o a d in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u fa c tu r i n g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , and o t h e r pub lic u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M ajor in d u s tr y g r o u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m t h e s e stu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a t i o n s and th e c o n s t r u c t i o n and e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v in g f e w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d nu m ber o f w o r k e r s a r e om itted because o f insufficient e m p lo y m en t in the oc c u p a tio n s stu died. S e p a r a t e tab u la tio n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r each o f the b r o a d i n d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s w h ic h m e e t p u b lic a tio n c r i t e r i a . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e con d u cted on a s a m p l e b a s i s . The sam pling p r o c e d u r e s i n v o l v e d e t a i l e d s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o f a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in the s c o p e o f an i n d iv id u a l a r e a s u r v e y by in d u s tr y and n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s . F r o m th is s t r a t i f i e d u n i v e r s e a p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p l e is s e l e c t e d , w ith each e s t a b l i s h m e n t ha vin g a p r e d e t e r m i n e d chan ce o f s e l e c t i o n . T o ob ta in o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y at m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d . W hen data a r e c o m b i n e d , each e s ta b l i s h m e n t is w e i g h t e d a c c o r d i n g to its p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n , so that un bia sed e s t i m a t e s a r e generated. F o r e x a m p l e , i f one out o f f o u r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s is s e l e c t e d , it is g i v e n a w e i g h t o f 4 to r e p r e s e n t i t s e l f plus t h r e e o t h e r s . An altern a te o f th e s a m e o r i g i n a l p r o b a b i l i t y is cho se n in the s a m s i n d u s t r y - s i z e c l a s s i f i c a tio n i f data a r e not a v a i l a b l e f r o m th e o r i g i n a l s a m p l e m e m b e r . I f no s u ita b le substitu te is a v a i l a b l e , ad d itio n a l w e i g h t is a s s i g n e d to a s a m p l e m e m b e r that is s i m i l a r to the m i s s i n g unit. O c c u p a ti o n s and e a r n in g s O c c u p a tio n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e o f th e f o l l o w i n g t y p e s : (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l and te c h n i c a l ; (3) m a i n t e n a n c e , t o o l r o o m , and p o w e r p l a n t ; and (4) m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t and c u s to d i a l . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is b a s e d on a u n i f o r m set o f jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to ta k e account o f i n t e r e s ta b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d uties w ith in the s a m e job. O c c u p a tio n s s e l e c t e d f o r study a r e l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d in a p p e n d ix B. 1 A k ro n, Included in the Ohio; B i r m i n g h a m , a n d Syracuse, N.Y. 7 4 areas are 4 studies c o n d u c t e d Ala.; Norfolk-Virginia In addition, by the the B u r e a u conducts m o r e limited un de r contract. Th e s e areas V a . — N. C. ; area studies in ap pr ox im at el y 10 0 areas at the request of the E m p l o y m e n t Standards Administration of the U. S. B u re au Beachr-Portsmouth a n d N e w p o r t N e w s - H a m p t o n , D e p a r t m e n t of Labor. U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e in d i c a te d , the e a r n i n g s data f o l l o w i n g th e job t i t l e s a r e f o r a l l in d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . E a r n i n g s data f o r s o m e o f th e o ccup atio ns l i s t e d and d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e in d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s w ith in the s c o p e o f the s u r v e y , a r e not p r e s e n t e d in th e A - s e r i e s t a b l e s b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m en t in th e o c c u p a tio n is to o s m a l l to p r o v i d e enough data to m e r i t p r e s e n ta t io n , o r (2) t h e r e is p o s s i b i l i t y o f d i s c l o s u r e o f in d iv id u al e s ta b l i s h m e n t data. S e p a r a t e m e n ' s and w o m e n ' s e a r n i n g s data a r e not p r e s e n t e d when the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s not i d e n t i f i e d by s e x is 20 p e r c e n t o r m o r e o f the m en o r w o m e n i d e n t i f i e d in an o c c u p a tio n . E a r n i n g s data not shown s e p a r a t e l y f o r i n d u s tr y d i v i s i o n s a r e included in data f o r a l l in d u s tr i e s c o m b in e d . L i k e w i s e , f o r oc c u p a tio n s w i t h m o r e than on e l e v e l , data a r e included in th e o v e r a l l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n w h en a s u b c l a s s i f i c a t i o n is not shown o r i n f o r m a t i o n to s u b c l a s s i f y is not a v a i l a b l e . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p l o y m e n t and e a r n i n g s data a r e shown f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h ed ule. E a r n in g s data e x c lu d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la t e s h ifts . N o n p r o d u c ti o n b on uses a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a l l o w a n c e s and i n c e n t i v e b on uses a r e in clu d ed . W e e k l y hours f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l and p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a tio n s r e f e r to th e standa rd w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d to th e n e a r e s t h a lf hour) f o r w h ich e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p ay f o r o v e r t i m e at r e g u l a r an d/or p r e m i u m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w e e k l y e a r n in g s f o r t h e s e oc c u p atio n s a r e rounded to th e n e a r e s t h a lf d o l l a r . V e r t i c a l l i n e s w ith in th e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w o r k e r s on s o m e A - t a b l e s in d ic a te a change in the s i z e o f th e c l a s s intervals. T h e s e s u r v e y s m e a s u r e th e l e v e l o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n i n g s in an a r e a at a p a r t i c u l a r t i m e . C o m p a r i s o n s o f i n d iv id u a l oc c u p a tio n a l a v e r a g e s o v e r t i m e m a y not r e f l e c t e x p e c t e d w a g e c h a n g e s . T h e a v e r a g e s f o r i n d iv id u a l jo b s a r e a f f e c t e d b y c han ges in w a g e s and e m p l o y m e n t p a tte r n s . F o r e x a m p l e , p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y h i g h - o r l o w - w a g e f i r m s m a y chan ge, o r h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s m a y a d v a n c e to b e t t e r jo b s and be r e p l a c e d b y new w o r k e r s at l o w e r rates. Such s hif ts in e m p l o y m e n t could d e c r e a s e an o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e e v e n though m o s t e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in an a r e a i n c r e a s e w a g e s d u r in g th e y e a r . C han ges in e a r n i n g s o f o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s , shown in t a b l e A - 7 , a r e b e t t e r i n d i c a t o r s o f w a g e tr e n d s than a r e e a r n in g s c han ges f o r in d iv id u a l jo b s w ith in the g r o u p s . A v e r a g e earnings r e fle c t c o m p o s ite , a r e a w id e estim a tes. Industries and e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l and jo b s ta f f i n g , and thus c on trib u te d i f f e r e n t l y to th e e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h job . P a y a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y th e w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l am on g jo b s in ind iv id u al e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . are A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n and w o m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a tio n s should not be a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y o f the s e x e s w ith in i n d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . F a c t o r s w h i c h m a y c o n tr i b u t e to d i f f e r e n c e s in c lu d e p r o g r e s s i o n w ith in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s ( o n l y th e r a t e s p aid inc um b e nts a r e c o l l e c t e d ) and p e r f o r m a n c e o f s p e c i f i c duties w ith in the g e n e r a l s u r v e y jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s . Job d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d to c l a s s i f y e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s u s u a l l y a r e m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d than t h o s e used in in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s p e c i f i c duties p e r f o r m e d . O c c u p a ti o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t th e to t a l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith in th e s c o p e o f the study and not th e n u m b e r a c t u a l l y s u r v e y e d . B ecau se occupational stru ctu res am ong establish m en ts d iffe r , estim a tes of o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t ob ta in e d f r o m th e s a m p l e o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s studied s e r v e o n ly t o in d i c a te th e r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e o f th e jo b s stu die d. These d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e do not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y th e a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n i n g s data. W a ge trends fo r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g ro u p s T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s p r e s e n t e d in t a b l e A - 7 a r e b a s e d on ch an ge s in a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s o f m e n and w o m e n in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r e p o r t i n g the t r e n d j o b s in both th e c u r r e n t and p r e v i o u s y e a r ( m a t c h e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s ) . T h e data a r e a d ju s te d to r e m o v e th e e f f e c t on a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f e m p l o y m en t s h ifts a m on g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and t u r n o v e r o f e s t a b l i s h m e n t s inclu d ed in s u r v e y s a m p l e s . T h e p e r c e n t i n c r e a s e s , h o w e v e r , a r e s t i l l a f f e c t e d by f a c t o r s o t h e r than w a g e i n c r e a s e s . H i r i n g s , l a y o f f s , and t u r n o v e r m a y a f f e c t an e s t a b l i s h m e n t a v e r a g e f o r an o c c u p a tio n w h en w o r k e r s a r e p aid u n de r p lans p r o v i d i n g a r a n g e o f w a g e r a t e s f o r in d i v i d u a l jo b s . In p e r i o d s o f i n c r e a s e d h i r i n g , f o r e x a m p l e , n e w e m p l o y e e s m a y e n t e r at th e b o tt o m o f th e r a n g e , d e p r e s s i n g the a v e r a g e w ith out a c h a n g e in w a g e r a t e s . T h e p e r c e n t c h a n g e s r e l a t e to w a g e ch an ge s b e tw e e n th e in d ic ate d d a te s . W h en th e t i m e span b e t w e e n s u r v e y s is o t h e r than 12 m o n t h s , annual r a t e s a r e sho wn. (It is a s s u m e d th at w a g e s i n c r e a s e at a constant r a t e b etw een s u rvey s.) S ecretaries Stenographers, gen era l S ten ogra ph ers, sen ior T y p is ts , cla s s es A and B F ile c le rk s , classes A , B , and C M essengers Sw itchboard o p e r a to r s 2 In 1977, areas: Portland P r o v i d e n c e - W a r w i c k — Pa wt uc ke t, O rd e r c le rk s , classes A and B Accoun ting c le r k s , c l a s s e s A and B B o o k k e e p in g - m a c h i n e op e ra tors , class B P a y r o ll clerk s K e yp u n c h o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s e s A and B Richmond, San C arpenters E lectrician s P ain ters M achin ists M ech an ics (m a ch in ery) M ech anics (m o to r veh icle) P ip efitters T o o l and d ie m a k e r s Industrial nurses U n s k i l l e d plant R e g is t e r e d industrial nurses J a n i t o r s , p o r t e r s , and cle a n e rs M a t e r i a l ha nd lin g l a b o r e r s P e r c e n t c h a n ge s f o r as f o l l o w s : i n d iv id u a l a r e a s in th e p r o g r a m a r e c om p ute d 1. A v e r a g e e a r n in g s a r e c o m p u te d f o r each o c c u p a tio n f o r th e 2 y e a r s b e in g c o m p a r e d . The a v e ra ge s a re d erived f r o m e a r n i n g s in t h o s e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w h ic h a r e in the s u r v e y both y e a r s ; it is a s s u m e d that e m p l o y m e n t r e m a i n s unchan ged. 2. E a c h o c c u p a tio n is a s s i g n e d a w e i g h t b a s e d on its p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m p l o y m e n t in th e o c c u p a t i o n a l g ro u p in th e b a s e y e a r . 3. T h e s e w e i g h t s a r e u s e d to c o m p u te g ro u p a v e r a g e s . E a c h o c c u p a t i o n 's a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s ( c o m p u te d in step 1) is m u l t i p l i e d by its w e i g h t . T h e p r o d u c t s a r e t o ta l e d to ob ta in a g r o u p a v e r a g e . 4. T h e r a t i o o f g r o u p a v e r a g e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s is c o m p u te d b y d i v i d i n g th e a v e r a g e f o r th e c u r r e n t y e a r b y the a v e r a g e f o r th e e a r l i e r y e a r . Th e result— e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t — l e s s 100 is th e p e r c e n t change. Antonio, Seattle— Everett, and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s T h e in c i d e n c e o f s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s is stu d ied f o r f u l l - t i m e plant w o r k e r s and o f f i c e w o r k e r s . P la n t w o r k e r s in clud e n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s e n g a g e d in n o n o f f i c e f u n c tio n s . ( C a f e t e r i a w o r k e r s and r o u te w o r k e r s a r e e x c l u d e d in m a n u f a c tu r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , but in c lu d e d in n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u stries.) O f f i c e w o r k e r s in c lu d e n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s and w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s p e r f o r m i n g c l e r i c a l o r r e l a t e d f u n c tio n s . L e a d w o r k e r s and t r a i n e e s a r e in c lu d e d a m o n g n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l and p a r t - t i m e e m p l o y e e s as w e l l as c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s u t i l i z e d as s e p a r a t e w o r k f o r c e s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m both th e plant and o f f i c e w o rk e r categories. switchboard operators are included in the w a g e trend c o m p u t a t i o n for all e x ce pt the following (Oregon), C om pu ter s ystem s a n alysts, c la s s e s A , B , and C Com puter p r o g r a m m e r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C Com puter o p e r a to r s , c l a s s e s A , B , and C E stablish m en t p r a c t ic e s O f f i c e c l e r i c a l — Continued Ca nt on , C h ic ag o, Cincinnati, D a ve np or t— R o c k Island— Mo l i n e , Houston, Huntsville, Jackson, N e w Orleans, a n d Wichita. S k i l l e d m a i n te n a n c e F o r a m o r e d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e m e t h o d u s e d to c om p u te t h e s e w a g e t r e n d s , s e e " I m p r o v i n g A r e a W a g e S u r v e y I n d e x e s , " M o n th ly L a b o r R e v i e w , J a n u a r y 1973, pp. 5 2 -57 . O c c u p a tio n s u s e d to c o m p u te w a g e t r e n d s a r e : O ffic e c le r ic a l E l e c t r o n i c data p r o c e s s i n g So ut h Bend, M i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s ( t a b l e B - l ) . M i n i m u m e n tr a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s r e l a t e o n l y to th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d . B e c a u s e o f the o p t i m u m s a m p l i n g te c h n i q u e s u s e d and th e p r o b a b i l i t y that l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n ts a r e m o r e l i k e l y than s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to h a ve f o r m a l e n tr a n c e r a t e s a b o v e the s u b c l e r i c a l l e v e l , the t a b le is m o r e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f p o l i c i e s in m e d i u m and l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . ( T h e " X ' s " shown un der sta ndard w e e k l y ho u rs in d ic a te that no m e a n i n g f u l to ta l s a r e a p p l i c a b l e . ) Shift d i f f e r e n t i a l s — m a n u fa c tu rin g ( t a b l e B - 2 ) . Data w e r e c o l l e c t e d on p o l i c i e s o f m an u fa c tu rin g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r e g a r d i n g p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r plant w o r k e r s on la t e s h ifts . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o n s i d e r e d as ha vin g p o l i c i e s a r e t h o s e w h i c h (1) h a ve p r o v i s i o n s in w r i t i n g c o v e r i n g the o p e r a t i o n o f la te s h i f t s , o r (2) h a ve o p e r a t e d la t e s h ifts at any t i m e durin g the 12 m onths p reced in g a survey. W h en e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a ve s e v e r a l d i f f e r e n t i a l s w h ich v a r y b y j o b , the d i f f e r e n t i a l ap p lyin g to th e m a j o r i t y o f the plant w o r k e r s is recorded. W h en e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v e d i f f e r e n t i a l s w h ich ap p ly o n ly to c e r t a i n hours o f w o r k , the d i f f e r e n t i a l a p p ly in g to th e m a j o r i t y o f the shift hours is recorded. F o r p u r p o s e s o f th is study, a la t e shif t is e i t h e r a s eco nd ( e v e n i n g ) shift w h i c h ends at o r n e a r m idn ig h t o r a t h i r d (night ) shift w h ic h s ta r ts at o r n e a r m id n ig h t. D i f f e r e n t i a l s f o r s e co n d and t h i r d s h ifts a r e s u m m a r i z e d s e p a r a t e l y f o r (1) e s t a b l i s h m e n t p o l i c i e s (an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e i g h t e d by a l l plant w o r k e r s in th e e s t a b l i s h m e n t at the t i m e o f th e s u r v e y ) and (2) e f f e c t i v e p r a c t i c e s (an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s d i f f e r e n t i a l s a r e w e i g h t e d by plant w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d on the s p e c i f i e d shif t at the t i m e o f th e s u r v e y ) . S c h ed ule d w e e k l y h o u r s; p aid h o l i d a y s ; p aid v a c a t i o n s ; and health, i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p l a n s . P r o v i s i o n s w h ich ap p ly to a m a j o r i t y o f the plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b l i s h m e n t a r e c o n s i d e r e d to ap p ly to a l l p lant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in th e e s t a b lis h m e n t; a p r a c t i c e o r p r o v i s i o n is c o n s i d e r e d n o n e x is te n t w h en it a p p lie s to l e s s than a m a j o r i t y . H olidays; v a c a t i o n s ; and h e alth , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n pla ns a r e c o n s i d e r e d a p p l i c a b l e to e m p l o y e e s c u r r e n t l y e l i g i b l e f o r th e b e n e fits as w e l l as to e m p l o y e e s who w i l l even tu ally b e co m e e ligib le . Sch ed uled w e e k l y ho u rs and days (ta b le B - 3 ) . Scheduled w e e k l y h o u r s and d ays r e f e r to th e n u m b e r o f hours and d ays p e r w e e k w h ic h f u l l t i m e f i r s t (d ay ) shif t w o r k e r s a r e e x p e c te d to w o r k , w h e t h e r p aid f o r at s tr a ig h t-tim e o r o v e r tim e rates. P a i d h o l i d a y s ( t a b l e B - 4 ) . H o l i d a y s a r e inclu ded o n l y i f th e y a r e g r a n t e d an nually on a f o r m a l b a s i s ( p r o v i d e d f o r in w r i t t e n f o r m o r e s t a b lish ed by custom ). T h e y a r e in clu ded e v en though in a p a r t i c u l a r y e a r t h e y f a l l on a n o n w o rk d a y and e m p l o y e e s a r e not g ra n te d a n o th er d ay o f f . E m p l o y e e s m a y be p a id f o r th e t i m e o f f o r m a y r e c e i v e p r e m i u m p a y in lie u o f tim e off. Data a r e tab u la te d to show th e p e r c e n t o f w o r k e r s who (1) a r e g r a n te d s p e c i f i c n u m b e r s o f w h o l e and h a lf h o l i d a y s and (2) a r e g r a n t e d s p e c i f i e d am oun ts o f t o t a l h o l i d a y t i m e ( w h o l e and h a l f h o lid a y s a r e a g g r e g a t e d ) . P a id vacations (table B - 5 ) . E stablishm en ts rep o rt th e ir m ethod of c a l c u l a t i n g v a c a t i o n p a y ( t i m e b a s i s , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s , f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t , e tc .) and th e amount o f v a c a tio n p a y g r a n te d . O n ly b a s i c f o r m a l p la n s a r e r e p o r t e d . V a c a t i o n b o n u s es , v a c a t i o n - s a v i n g s p l a n s , and " e x t e n d e d " o r " s a b b a t i c a l " b e n e f i t s beyond b a s i c pla ns a r e e x clud ed . service. V a c a t i o n plans c o m m o n l y p r o v i d e f o r a l a r g e r amount o f v a c a tio n pay as s e r v i c e le n g th e n s . Counts o f plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s by l e n g th o f s e r v i c e w e r e not ob ta in e d . T h e tab u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n pay g r a n t e d p r e s e n t , t h e r e f o r e , s t a t i s t i c a l m e a s u r e s o f th e s e p r o v i s i o n s r a t h e r than p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s actually r e c e iv in g s p e c ific benefits. H e a l th , i n s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n plans (t a b l e s B - 6 a n d B - 7 ) . H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s i o n p lans in clu d e p lans f o r w h i c h the e m p l o y e r pays e i t h e r a l l o r p a r t o f the c o s t . T h e c o s t m a y ' be ( l ) u n d e r w r i t t e n by a c o m m e r c i a l i n s u r a n c e c o m p a n y o r n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n , (2) c o v e r e d by a union fund to w h i c h th e e m p l o y e r has c o n trib u t e d , o r (3) b o r n e d i r e c t l y by the e m p l o y e r out o f o p e r a t i n g funds o r a fund set a s i d e to c o v e r th e c o s t. A pla n is in c lu d e d e v e n though a m a j o r i t y o f the e m p l o y e e s in an e s t a b l i s h m en t do not c h o o s e to p a r t i c i p a t e in it b e c a u s e th e y a r e r e q u i r e d to b e a r p a r t o f its c o s t ( p r o v i d e d the c h o i c e to p a r t i c i p a t e is a v a i l a b l e o r w i l l e v e n t u a l l y b e c o m e a v a i l a b l e to a m a j o r i t y ) . L e g a l l y r e q u i r e d plans such as s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , r a i l r o a d r e t i r e m e n t , w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p e n s a tio n , and t e m p o r a r y d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e 3 a r e e xc lu d e d . L i f e i n s u r a n c e in clud es f o r m a l plains p r o v i d i n g i n d e m n ity ( u s u a lly th ro u g h an i n s u r a n c e p o l i c y ) in c a s e o f death o f the c o v e r e d w o r k e r . I n f o r m a t i o n is a l s o p r o v i d e d in t a b l e B - 7 on ty p e s o f l i f e in s u r a n c e plans and th e amount o f c o v e r a g e in a l l i n d u s t r i e s c o m b in e d and in m a n u fa c tu rin g. A c c i d e n t a l death and d i s m e m b e r m e n t is l i m i t e d to p lans w h ich p r o v i d e b e n e f i t p a y m e n t s in c a s e o f death o r l o s s o f l i m b o r sight as a d i r e c t r e s u l t o f an ac c id e n t. S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t i n s u r a n c e in clu d es o n l y th os e plans w h ich p r o v i d e that p r e d e t e r m i n e d c a s h p a y m e n t s b e m a d e d i r e c t l y to e m p l o y e e s who l o s e t i m e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f i l l n e s s o r i n j u r y , e . g . , $50 a w e e k f o r up to 26 w e e k s o f d i s a b i l i t y . S ic k l e a v e plans a r e l i m i t e d to f o r m a l plans 4 w h ich p r o v i d e f o r continuing an e m p l o y e e ' s p ay during a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e ca u s e o f i l l n e s s . Data c o l l e c t e d d is tin g u is h b e t w e e n (1) p lans w h ic h p r o v i d e f u ll p a y w ith no w a i t i n g p e r i o d , and (2) plans w h i c h e i t h e r p r o v i d e p a r t i a l p ay o r r e q u i r e a w aiting p erio d. 3 T e m p o r a r y disability insurance w h i c h provides benefits to c o ve re d workers disabled b y injury or illngg; w h i c h is not w o r k - c o n n e c t e d is m a n d a t o r y un de r State laws in California, Island. N e w Jersey, N e w Yo rk , a n d R h o d e Establishment plans w h i c h m e e t only the legal requirements are ex cl ud ed f r o m these data, but those un de r w h i c h (1) empl oy er s contribute more, th an is legally required or (2) benefits e x c e e d those specified in the State l a w are included. In R h o d e Island, benefits are paid out of a State fund to w h i c h only e m p l o y e e s contribute. In e a c h of the other three States, benefits are paid either f r o m a State fund or through a private plan. State fund financing: In California, only employees e m p l o y e e s a n d e m pl oy er s ccfntribute; in N e w Yo tk , a n d e m pl oy er s pa y Private plan the difference b e t w e e n financing: In California a n d contribute to the Jersey, employees c a nn ot b e required to contribute b y the State fund; in N e w to contribute m o r e benefit provided. the State rules that additional contribution Yotk, is F o r tab u la tin g v a c a t i o n p ay g r a n t e d , a l l p r o v i s i o n s a r e e x p r e s s e d on a t i m e b a s i s . V a c a t i o n p a y c a l c u l a t e d on o t h e r than a t i m e b a s i s is c o n v e r t e d to its e qu iv a le n t t i m e p e r i o d . T w o p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n i n g s , f o r e x a m p l e , is ta b u la te d as 1 w e e k ' s v a c a t i o n pay . benefits to railroad workers for illness or injury, w h e t h e r w o r k - c o n n e c t e d that e m pl oy er s bear the entire cost of the insurance. A l s o , p r o v i s i o n s a f t e r e a c h s p e c i f i e d le n g th o f s e r v i c e a r e r e l a t e d to a l l p la nt o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s in an e s ta b l i s h m e n t r e g a r d l e s s o f le n g th o f of days of sick leave available to e a c h e m p l o y e e . S u c h a plan n e e d not b e written, allowances d e t e r m i n e d o n a n individual basis are excluded. Federal 4 An fund; in N e w Jersey, the em pl oy ee s' share a n d the total contribution required. New m o r e than they w o u l d if they w e r e co ve re d if the State e m p l o y e e s contribute u p to a specified m a x i m u m legislation (Railroad U n e m p l o y m e n t employees commensurate Insurance .Act) provides t e mp or ar y or not. The disability c a n agree with the insurance legislation requires establishment is considered as ha vi ng a fo rm al plan if it specifies at least the m i n i m u m n u m b e r but informal sick leave L o n g - t e r m d i s a b i l i t y i n s u r a n c e p la n s p r o v i d e p a y m e n t s to t o t a l l y d i s a b l e d e m p l o y e e s upon the e x p i r a t i o n o f t h e i r p aid s i c k l e a v e an d / o r s i c k n e s s and a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e , o r a f t e r a p r e d e t e r m i n e d p e r i o d o f d i s a b i l i t y ( t y p i c a l l y 6 m o n t h s ). P a y m e n t s a r e m a d e until the end o f th e d i s a b i l i t y , a m a x im u m a g e, o r e lig ib ilit y fo r r e t ir e m e n t ben efits. F u ll o r p a rtia l p a y m e n ts a r e a l m o s t a l w a y s r e d u c e d by s o c i a l s e c u r i t y , w o r k e r s ' d i s a b i l i t y c o m p e n s a t i o n , and p r i v a t e p e n s i o n b e n e f i t s p a y a b le to th e d i s a b l e d e m p l o y e e . H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e plans r e p o r t e d in t h e s e s u r v e y s p r o v i d e f u l l o r p a r t i a l p a y m e n t f o r b a s i c s e r v i c e s r e n d e r e d . H o s p i t a l i z a t i o n i n s u r a n c e c o v e r s h o s p i t a l r o o m and b o a r d and m a y c o v e r other hospital expenses. S u rg ic a l insuran ce c o v e r s s u r g e o n s ' fe e s . M edical insurance c o v e r s d o c t o r s ' fe e s fo r h om e, o ffic e , or hospital ca lls . P la n s r e s t r i c t e d to p o s t - o p e r a t i v e m e d i c a l c a r e o r a d o c t o r ' s c a r e f o r m i n o r a i l m e n t s at a w o r k e r ' s p l a c e o f e m p l o y m e n t a r e not c o n s i d e r e d to be m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e . M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e c o v e r a g e a p p l i e s to s e r v i c e s -which go b e yo n d th e b a s i c s e rvices c o v e r e d un der h o s p i t a l i z a t i o n , s u r g i c a l , and m e d i c a l in s u r a n c e . M a j o r m e d i c a l i n s u r a n c e t y p i c a l l y (1) r e q u i r e s that a " d e d u c t i b l e " ( e . g . , $ 5 0 ) be m e t b e f o r e b e n e f i t s b e g i n , (2) has a c o i n s u r a n c e f e a t u r e that r e q u i r e s th e i n s u r e d to p a y a p o r t i o n ( e . g . , 20 p e r c e n t ) o f c e r t a i n e x p e n s e s , and (3) has a s p e c i f i e d d o l l a r m a x i m u m o f b e n e f i t s ( e . g . , $ 10,000 a y e a r ) . Labor-m anagem ent agreem ent covera ge T h e f o l l o w i n g ta b u la tion shows the p e r c e n t o f f u l l - t i m e p lant and o f f i c e w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the D ayton a B e a c h a r e a in w h i c h a union c o n t r a c t o r c o n tr a c t s c o v e r e d a m a j o r i t y o f the w o r k e r s in the r e s p e c t i v e c a t e g o r i e s , A u g u s t 1977: Plan t w o r k e r s O ffic e w o rk e rs 16 16 16 98 7 8 67 A l l i n d u s t r i e s — -------------------M a n u f a c t u r i n g _____________ _ N o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g ---- --------P u b l i c u t i l i t i e s __________ A n e s t a b l i s h m e n t is c o n s i d e r e d to h a ve a c o n t r a c t c o v e r i n g a l l plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f such w o r k e r s is c o v e r e d b y a l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t . T h e r e f o r e , a l l o t h e r plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s a r e e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s that e i t h e r do no t ha ve l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s in e f f e c t , o r h a v e c o n t r a c t s that ap p ly t o f e w e r than h a lf o f t h e i r plant o r o f f i c e w o r k e r s . E s t i m a t e s a r e not n e c e s s a r i l y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f the exte n t to w h ic h a l l w o r k e r s in the a r e a m a y b e c o v e r e d b y the p r o v i s i o n s o f l a b o r - m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n t s , b e c a u s e s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e e x c lu d e d and the i n d u s t r i a l s c o p e o f the s u r v e y is l i m i t e d . D e n ta l i n s u r a n c e pla ns p r o v i d e n o r m a l d e n tal s e r v i c e b e n e f i t s , u s u a l l y f o r f i l l i n g s , e x t r a c t i o n s , and X - r a y s . Plan s which p r o v id e benefits o n ly f o r o r a l s u r g e r y o r r e p a i r i n g a c c i d e n t d a m a g e a r e not r e p o r t e d . R e t i r e m e n t p e n s i o n plans p r o v i d e f o r r e g u l a r p a y m e n t s to th e r e t i r e e for life . In clu d ed a r e d e f e r r e d p r o f i t - s h a r i n g p la ns w h i c h p r o v i d e th e option o f p u r c h a s i n g a l i f e t i m e annuity. I n d u s t r i a l c o m p o s i t i o n in m a n u f a c tu r i n g A l m o s t o n e - f o u r t h o f the w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y in the D ayton a B e a c h a r e a w e r e e m p l o y e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g f i r m s . The follo w in g p r e s e n t s the m a j o r in d u s t r y g ro u p s and s p e c i f i c i n d u s t r i e s as a p e r c e n t o f a ll m a n u fa c tu rin g : S p e c ific industries I n d u s tr y g ro u p s E l e c t r i c and e l e c t r o n i c e q u i p m e n t______________________ I n s t r u m e n t s and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s —---------------------------F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s ___ P r i n t i n g and p u b l i s h i n g _______ F o o d and k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s ___ C h e m i c a l s and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ________________________ 26 21 18 11 9 C o m m u n i c a t i o n e q u ip m e n t ____ M e d i c a l i n s t r u m e n t s and s u p p l i e s _________________________ N e w s p a p e r s ______________________ M iscellan eou s fab ricated m e t a l p r o d u c t s _______ _________ M e t a l f o r g i n g s and s t a m p i n g s __ ._______ 24 21 11 11 7 5 T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is b a s e d on e s t i m a t e s o f t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t d e r i v e d f r o m u n i v e r s e m a t e r i a l s c o m p i l e d b e f o r e a c tu a l s u r v e y . P r o p o r t i o n s in v a r i o u s i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s m a y d i f f e r f r o m p r o p o r t i o n s b a s e d on th e r e s u lt s o f the s u r v e y as shown in a p p e nd ix t a b l e 1. Appendix table 1. Establishments and workers within scope of survey and number studied in Daytona Beach, Fla.,1 August 1977 N u m b e r o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts W o r k e r s in e s ta b lis h m e n ts W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y e m p lo y m e n t In d u s tr y d i v i s i o n 2 m e n ts in s c o p e o f stu d y W ith in s c o p e o f stu d y 4 S tu died T o ta l4 Stu d ied N u m ber T o ta l4 59 18.499 100 11,264 2.252 11.207 50 - 18 111 11 48 4,397 14.102 24 76 3.006 8,258 429 1.823 3,687 7.520 50 50 50 50 50 6 1 61 15 28 5 1 23 7 12 1.303 58 8.598 1,380 2.763 7 1 46 7 15 891 177 <6 1 <6 ) (6 ) (6 ) 1.253 58 4,040 728 1,441 1 T h e D a y to n a B e a c h S ta n d a rd M e t r o p o lit a n S t a t is t ic a l A r e a , as d e fin e d b y th e O f f ic e o f M a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t th ro u g h F e b r u a r y 1974, c o n s is ts o f V o lu s ia C ou n ty. T h e " w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s tu d y " e s t im a t e s sh ow n in th is t a b le p r o v id e a r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te d e s c r ip t io n o f th e s iz e and c o m p o s it io n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . E s t im a t e s a r e n o t in te n d e d , h o w e v e r , f o r c o m p a r is o n w ith o t h e r e m p lo y m e n t in d e x e s to m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t tr e n d s o r l e v e l s s in c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u ir e s e s ta b lis h m e n t data c o m p ile d c o n s id e r a b ly in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y r o l l p e r io d s tu d ie d , and (2 ) s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f the s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1972 e d it io n o f th e S ta n d a rd In d u s t r ia l C la s s ific a t io n M a n u a l w a s u sed to c l a s s i f y e s t a b lis h m e n ts b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n . H o w e v e r , a ll g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s a r e e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 3 In c lu d e s a l l e s t a b lis h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p lo y m e n t at o r a b o v e th e m in im u m lim it a t io n . A l l o u tle ts (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n ie s in in d u s tr ie s su ch as t r a d e , fin a n c e , auto r e p a i r s e r v i c e , and m o tio n p ic t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s id e r e d as 1 e s ta b lis h m e n t. 4 In c lu d e s e x e c u t iv e , p r o f e s s io n a l, p a r t - t i m e , and o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a te p la n t and o f f i c e c a t e g o r ie s . F u ll-tim e o ffic e w o rk e rs 129 ALL D I V I S I O N S ----- x------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------------------------TRANSPORTATION. COMMUNICATION. AND OTHER PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 5 --------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ------------------------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------FINANCE. INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ------S E RV IC ES 8 --------------------------------------- P ercen t F u ll- tim e p la n t w o r k e r s <6 ) <81 (7 ) (6 ) 5 A b b r e v ia t e d to "p u b lic u t i l i t i e s " in th e A - and B - s e r i e s ta b le s . T a x ic a b s and s e r v i c e s in c id e n ta l to w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n a r e e x c lu d e d . 6 T h is d iv is io n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in th e A - and B - s e r i e s t a b le s . S e p a r a te p r e s e n t a t io n o f d a ta is n o t m a d e f o r one o r m o r e o f the f o llo w in g r e a s o n s : (1 ) E m p lo y m e n t is t o o s m a ll to p r o v id e en ou gh d a ta to m e r i t s e p a r a te stu d y , (2 ) th e s a m p le w a s n ot d e s ig n e d in i t i a l l y to p e r m it s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n , (3 ) r e s p o n s e w a s in s u ffic ie n t o r in a d e q u a te to p e r m it s e p a r a t e p r e s e n t a t io n , and (4 ) t h e r e is p o s s ib ilit y o f d is c lo s u r e o f in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t data. 7 W o r k e r s f r o m th is e n t ir e d iv is io n a r e r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l in d u s t r ie s " and " n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in th e A - s e r i e s t a b le s , but f r o m th e r e a l e s ta te p o r t io n o n ly in e s t im a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r ie s " and "n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g " in th e B - s e r i e s t a b le s . S e p a r a te p r e s e n ta tio n o f d a ta is n ot m a d e f o r on e o r m o r e o f th e re a s o n s g iv e n in fo o tn o te 6. 8 H o te ls and m o t e ls ; la u n d r ie s and o t h e r p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u to m o b ile r e p a i r , r e n t a l, and p a r k in g ; m o tio n p ic t u r e s ; n o n p r o fit m e m b e r s h ip o r g a n iz a t io n s (e x c lu d in g r e lig io u s and c h a r it a b le o r g a n iz a t io n s ); and e n g in e e r in g and a r c h it e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 23 Appendix B. Occupational Descriptions T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r the B u r e a u ' s w a g e s u r v e y s is to a s s i s t its f i e l d s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g into a p p r o p r i a t e o c c u p a tio n s w o r k e r s who a r e e m p l o y e d under a v a r i e t y o f p a y r o l l t i t l e s and d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s f r o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t to e s t a b l i s h m e n t and f r o m a r e a t o a r e a . T h i s p e r m i t s the g ro u p in g o f o c c u p a tio n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e jo b content. B e c a u s e o f this e m p h a s i s on i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t and i n t e r a r e a c o m p a r a b i l i t y o f oc c u p a tio n a l con te n t, the B u r e a u 's jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y f r o m th o s e in u s e i n i n d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p l y i n g t h e s e jo b d e s c r i p t i o n s , the B u r e a u 's f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d to e x c lu d e w o r k i n g s u p e r v i s o r s ; a p p r e n t i c e s ; l e a r n e r s ; b e g i n n e r s ; and p a r t - t i m e , t e m p o r a r y , and p r o b a t i o n a r y w o r k e r s . H a n d ic a p p e d w o r k e r s w h o s e e a r n i n g s a r e r e d u c e d b e c a u s e o f t h e i r hand ic ap a r e a l s o e x c lu d e d . T r a i n e e s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m the s u r v e y e x c e p t f o r t h o s e r e c e i v i n g o n - t h e - j o b t r a i n i n g in s o m e o f the l o w e r l e v e l p r o f e s s i o n a l and t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a tio n s . Office S E C R E T A R Y — Continued SECRETARY A s s i g n e d as a p e r s o n a l s e c r e t a r y , n o r m a l l y to one i n d iv id u a l. M a i n t a i n s a c l o s e and h i g h l y r e s p o n s i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p to the d a y - t o - d a y a c t i v i t i e s o f th e s u p e r v i s o r . W o r k s f a i r l y in d e p e n d e n tly r e c e i v i n g a m i n i m u m o f d e t a i l e d s u p e r v i s i o n and g u id an c e . P e r f o r m s v a r i e d c l e r i c a l and s e c r e t a r i a l du tie s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f o f f i c e routin e and u n dersta nd in g o f the o r g a n i z a t i o n , p r o g r a m s , and p r o c e d u r e s r e l a t e d to the w o r k o f the s u p e r v i s o r . E xclu sion s N ot a l l p o s i t i o n s that a r e t i t l e d " s e c r e t a r y " p o s s e s s the a b ov e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . E x a m p l e s o f p o s i t i o n s w h i c h a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m the d e fi n i t i o n a r e as f o l l o w s : E x c l u s i o n s — Contin ued a. P o s i t i o n s w h i c h do not d e s c r ib e d above; m e e t the "p e rs o n a l" b. S t e n o g r a p h e r s not f u l l y t r a i n e d in s e c r e t a r i a l - t y p e d uties; c. S t e n o g r a p h e r s s e r v i n g as o f f i c e as s is ta n t s fe s s io n a l, tech n ica l, o r m a n a g e ria l person s; d. A s s i s t a n t - t y p e p o s itio n s w h ic h e n ta il m o r e d i f f i c u l t o r m o r e r e s p o n s i b l e t e c h n i c a l , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , o r s u p e r v i s o r y duties w h ich a r e not t y p i c a l ’ o f s e c r e t a r i a l w o r k , e . g . , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e A s s i s t ant, o r E x e c u t i v e A s s i s t a n t ; L i s t e d b e l o w a r e s e v e r a l oc c u p a tio n s f o r w h ich r e v i s e d d e s c r i p t i o n s o r t i t l e s a r e b e i n g i n t r o d u c e d in th is s u r v e y : T o o l and die m a k e r G u ard S h ip p e r and r e c e i v e r (p re v iou sly surveyed as shippin g and receivin g c le rk ) T ru ck d river O rd e r clerk P a y r o ll clerk S ecretary S w itch board o p e r a to r S w itchboard o p e r a t o r - r e c e p t io n is t T r a n s c r ib in g - m a c h in e typist M achine to o l o p e r a t o r (to o lr o o m ) T h e B u r e a u has d is co n tin u e d c o l l e c t i n g data f o r ta b u l a t i n g - m a c h i n e o p e r a t o r . W o r k e r s p r e v i o u s l y c l a s s i f i e d as w a t c h m e n a r e now c l a s s i f i e d as g u a r d s un der the r e v i s e d d e s c r i p t i o n . 25 secretary to a g ro u p con cept of pro S E C R E T A R Y — C on tin u ed S E C R E T A R Y — C ontinu ed Exclusions— Continued Classification by Level— Continued e. Positions which do not fit any of the situations listed in the sections below titled "Level of Supervisor," e.g., secretary to the president of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; e. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational segment (e.g., a middle management supervisor of an organi zational segment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons. f. Trainees. Classification by Level Secretary jobs which meet the above characteristics are matched at one of five levels according to (a) the level of the secretary's supervisor within the company’s organizational structure and, (b) the level of the secretary's responsibility. The chart following the explanations of these two factors indicates the level of the secretary for each combination of the factors. _Level of Secretary's Supervisor (LS) Secretaries should be matched at one of the four LS levels described below according to the level of the secretary's supervisor within the company organizational structure. LS—1 a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational unit (e.g., fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional employee, administrative officer or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: M a n y companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker.) LS—2 a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose respon sibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the definition for LS—3, but whose organizational unit normally numbers at least several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc., (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than 5,000 persons. LS—3 a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5, 000 persons; or c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a major corporatewide functional activity (e.g., marketing, research, operations, industrial relations, etc.) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e.g., a regional headquar ters; a major division) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 employees; or d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc., (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; or LS—4 a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5, 000 but fewer than 25, 000 persons; or c. Secretary to the head, immediately below the corporate officer level, of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons. NOTE: The term "corporate officer" used in the above LS def inition refers to those officials who have a significant corporatewide policy making role with regard to major company activities. The title "vice president, " though normally indicative of this role, does not in all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibility is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e.g., approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts; di rectly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be "corporate officers" for purposes of applying the definition. Level of Secretary's Responsibility (LR) This factor evaluates the nature of the work relationship between the secretary and the supervisor, and the extent to which the secretary is expected to exercise initiative and judgment. Secretaries should be matched at LR—1 or LR—2 described below according to their level of responsibility. Level of Responsibility 1 (LR—1) Perform s varied secretarial duties including or comparable to most of the following: a. Answers telephones, greets coming mail. personal callers, and opens in b. Answers telephone requests which have standard, answers. reply to requests by sending a form letter. May c. Reviews correspondence, memoranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor's signature to ensure procedural and typographical accuracy. d. Maintains supervisor's instructed. calendar and makes appointments as e. Types, takes and transcribes dictation, and files. S E C R E T A R Y — C ontinu ed S T E N O G R A P H E R — C on tin u ed Level of Responsibility 2 (LR—2) Stenographer, Senior Perform s duties described under LR—1 and, in addition performs tasks requiring greater judgment, initiative, and knowledge of office functions including or comparable to most of the following: Dictation involves a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific research. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. a. Screens telephone and personal callers, determining which can be handled by the supervisor's subordinates or other offices. b. Answers requests which require a detailed knowledge of of fice procedures or collection of information from files or other offices. May sign routine correspondence in own or supervisor's name. c. Compiles or assists in compiling periodic reports on the basis of general instructions. d. Schedules tentative appointments without prior clearance. A s sembles necessary background material for scheduled meetings. Makes arrangements for meetings and conferences. e. Explains supervisor's requirements to other employees in super visor's unit. (Also types, takes dictation, and files.) The following chart shows the level of the secretary for each LS and LR combination. Level of secretary's supervisor Perform s stenographic duties requiring significantly greater in dependence and responsibility than stenographer, general, as evidenced by the following: Work requires a high degree of stenographic speed and accuracy; a thorough working knowledge of general business and office pro cedure; and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in performing steno graphic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as maintaining follow up files; assembling material for reports, memoranda, and letters; com posing simple letters from general instructions; reading and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. TRANS CRIBING-MACHINE TYPIST Prim ary duty is to type copy of voice recorded dictation which does not involve varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as that used in legal briefs or reports on scientific research. May also type from written copy. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. (See Stenographer definition for workers involved with shorthand dictation.) Level of secretary's responsibility TYPIST LR—1 LS—1--------------------------------------------------LS—2—_____ ___— --------—---- ________________ LS—3____________________________________ OR Class E Clas s D Class C LR—2 Class Class Class Class Uses a typewriter to make copies of various materials or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May include typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming mail. D C B A STENOGRAPHER Prim ary duty is to take dictation using shorthand, and to transcribe the dictation. May also type from written copy. May operate from a stenographic pool. May occasionally transcribe from voice recordings (if prim ary duty is transcribing from recordings, see Transcribing-Machine Typist). NOTE; This job is distinguished from that of a secretary in that a secretary normally works in a confidential relationship with only one manager or executive and performs more responsible and discretionary tasks as described in the secretary job definition. Class A . Performs one or more of the following: Typing material in final form when it involves combining material from several sources; or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctuation, etc., of tech nical or unusual words or foreign language material; or planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters, varying details to suit circumstances. Class B . Perform s one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; or routine typing of forms, insurance policies, etc.; or setting up simple standard tabulations; or copying more complex tables already set up and spaced properly. F ILE CLERK Stenographer, General Dictation involves a normal routine vocabulary. May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively routine clerical tasks. 27 Files, classifies, and retrieves material in an established filing system. May perform clerical and manual tasks required to maintain files. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions. F I L E C L E R K — C ontinued O R D E R C L E R K — C ontinu ed Class A . Classifies and indexes file material such as correspond ence, reports, technical documents, etc., in an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in conjunction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file clerks. adequacy of information recorded; ascertaining credit rating of customer; furnishing customer with acknowledgement of receipt of order; following-up to see that order is delivered by the specified date or to let customer know of a delay in delivery; maintaining order file; checking shipping invoice against original order. Class B . Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer subheadings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May per form related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Exclude workers paid on a commission basis or whose duties include any of the following: Receiving orders for services rather than for material or merchandise; providing customers with consultative advice using knowl edge gained from engineering or extensive technical training; emphasizing selling skills; handling material or merchandise as an integral part of the job. Class C. Perform s routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classification system (e.g., alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. May perform simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. Positions definitions: MESSENGER Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. Exclude positions that require operation of a motor vehicle as a significant duty. are classified into levels according to the following Class A . Handles orders that involve making judgments such as choosing which specific product or material from the establishment's product lines will satisfy the customer's needs, or determining the price to be quoted when pricing involves more than merely referring to a price list or making some simple mathematical calculations. Class B . Handles orders involving items which have readily iden tified uses and applications. May refer to a catalog, manufacturer's manual, or similar document to insure that proper item is supplied or to verify price of ordered item. ACCOUNTING CLERK SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Operates a telephone switchboard or console used with a private branch exchange (PBX ) system to relay incoming, outgoing, and intrasystem calls. May provide information to callers, record and transmit messages, keep record of calls placed and toll charges. Besides operating a telephone switchboard or console, may also type or perform routine clerical work (typing or routine clerical work may occupy the major portion of the worker's time, and is usually performed while at the switchboard or console). Chief or lead operators in establishments employing more than one operator are excluded. For an operator who also acts as a receptionist, see Switchboard Ope r ato r - Re ceptioni st. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST Perform s one or more accounting clerical tasks such as posting to registers and ledgers; reconciling bank accounts; verifying the internal con sistency, completeness, and mathematical accuracy of accounting documents; assigning prescribed accounting distribution codes; examining and verifying for clerical accuracy various types of reports’) lists, calculations, posting, etc.; or preparing simple or assisting in preparing more complicated journal vouchers. May work in either a manual or automated accounting system. The work requires a knowledge of clerical methods and office practices and procedures which relates to the clerical processing and re cording of transactions and accounting information. With experience, the worker typically becomes familiar with the bookkeeping and accounting terms and procedures used in the assigned work, but is not required to have a knowledge of the formal principles of bookkeeping and accounting. At a single-position telephone switchboard or console, acts both as an operator— see Switchboard Operator— and as a receptionist. Receptionist's work involves such duties as greeting visitors; determining nature of visitor’s business and providing appropriate information; referring visitor to appro priate person in the organization or contacting that person by telephone and arranging an appointment; keeping a log of visitors. Positions definitions: classified into levels on the basis of the following Class A . Under general supervision, performs accounting clerical operations which require the application of experience and judgment, for example, clerically processing complicated or nonrepetitive accounting trans actions, selecting among a substantial variety of prescribed accounting codes and classifications, or tracing transactions through previous accounting actions to determine source of discrepancies. May be assisted by one or more class B accounting clerks. ORDER CLERK Receives written or verbal customers1 purchase orders for material or merchandise from customers or sales people. Work typically involves some combination of the following duties: Quoting prices; determining availa bility of ordered items and suggesting substitutes when necessary; advising expected delivery date and method of delivery; recording order and customer information on order sheets; checking order sheets for accuracy and are Class B . Under close supervision, following detailed instructions and standardized procedures, performs one or more routine accounting clerical operations, such as posting to ledgers, cards, or worksheets 28 A C C O U N T IN G C L E R K — C ontinu ed M A C H IN E B I L L E R — C ontinu ed where identification of items and locations of postings are clearly indicated; checking accuracy and completeness of standardized and repetitive records or accounting documents; and coding documents using a few prescribed accounting codes. Bookkeeping-machine b ille r. Uses a bookkeeping machine (with or without a typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of the accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The machine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical columns and computes and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (with or without a typewriter key board) to keep a record of business transactions. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B . Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic bookkeeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, customers' accounts (not in cluding a simple type of billing described under machine biller), cost dis tribution, expense distribution, inventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. MACHINE BILLER Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, machine billers are classified by type of machine, as follows: Billing-machine biller. Uses a special billing machine (combination typing and adding machine) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memoranda, etc. Usually involves application of predetermined discounts and shipping charges and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing machine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. PA Y R O LL CLERK Perform s the clerical tasks necessary to process payrolls and to maintain payroll records. Work involves most of the following: Processing workers' time or production records; adjusting workers' records for changes in wage rates, supplementary benefits, or tax deductions; editing payroll listings against source records; tracing and correcting errors in listings; and assisting in preparation of periodic summary payroll reports. In a nonautomated payroll system, computes wages. Work may require a practical knowledge of governmental regulations, company payroll policy, or the computer system for processing payrolls. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Operates a keypunch machine to record or verify alphabetic and/or numeric data on tabulating cards or on tape. Positions are definitions: classified into levels on the basis of the following Class A . Work requires the application of experience and judgment in selecting procedures to be followed and in searching for, interpreting, selecting, or coding items to be keypunched from a variety of source documents. On occasion may also perform some routine keypunch work. May train inexperienced keypunch operators. Class B . Work is routine and repetitive. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, works from various stand ardized source documents which have been coded, and follows specified procedures which have been prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be recorded. Refers to su pervisor problems arising from erroneous items or codes or missing information. Professional and Technical COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, BUSINESS— Continued Analyzes business problems to formulate procedures for solving them by use of electronic data processing equipment. Develops a complete description of all specifications needed to enable programmers to prepare required digital computer programs. Work involves most of the following: Analyzes subject-matter operations to be automated and identifies conditions and criteria required to achieve satisfactory results; specifies number and types of records, files, and documents to be used; outlines actions to be performed by personnel and computers in sufficient detail for presentation to management and for programming (typically this involves preparation of work and data flow charts); coordinates the development of test problems and participates in trial runs of new and revised systems; and recommends equipment changes to obtain more effective overall operations. (NOTE: Workers performing both systems analysis and programming should be classified as systems analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.) Does not include employees primarily responsible for the man agement or supervision of other electronic data processing employees, or systems analysts primarily concerned with scientific or engineering problems. C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M S A N A L Y S T , B U S IN E S S — C ontinu ed For wage study purposes, systems analysts are classified as follows: Class A. Works independently or under only general direction on complex problems involving all phases of systems analysis. Problems are complex because of diverse sources of input data and multiple-use require ments of output data. (For example, develops an integrated production scheduling, inventory control, cost analysis, and sales analysis record in which every item of each type is automatically processed through the full system of records and appropriate followup actions are initiated by the computer.) Confers with persons concerned to determine the data processing problems and advises subject-matter personnel on the implications of new or revised systems of data processing operations. Makes recommendations, if needed, for approval of major systems installations or changes and for obtaining equipment. May provide functional direction to lower level systems analysts who are assigned to assist. Class B . Works independently or under only general direction on problems that are relatively uncomplicated to analyze, plan, program, and operate. Problems are of limited complexity because sources of input data are homogeneous and the output data are closely related. (For example, develops systems for maintaining depositor accounts in a bank, maintaining accounts receivable in a retail establishment, or maintaining inventory accounts in a manufacturing or wholesale establishment.) Confers with persons concerned to determine the data processing problems and advises subject-matter personnel on the implications of the data processing systems to be applied. OR Works on a segment of a complex data processing scheme or system, as described for class A. Works independently on routine assignments and receives instruction and guidance on complex assignments. Work is reviewed for accuracy of judgment, compliance with instructions, and to insure proper alignment with the overall system. Class C. Works under immediate supervision, carrying out analyses as assigned, usually of a single activity. Assignments are designed to develop and expand practical experience in the application of procedures and skills required for systems analysis work. For example, may assist a higher level systems analyst by preparing the detailed specifications required by pro grammers from iniformation developed by the higher level analyst. COMPUTER PROGRAMMER, BUSINESS Converts statements of business problems, typically prepared by a systems analyst, into a sequence of detailed instructions which are re quired to solve the problems by automatic data processing equipment. Working from charts or diagrams, the programmer develops the pre cise instructions which, when entered into the computer system in coded language, cause the manipulation of data to achieve desired results. Work involves most of the following: Applies knowledge of computer capa bilities, mathematics, logic employed by computers, and particular sub ject matter involved to analyze charts and diagrams of the problem to be programmed; develops sequence of program steps; writes detailed flow charts to show order in which data will be processed; converts these charts to coded instructions for machine to follow; tests and corrects C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U S IN E S S — C on tin u ed programs; prepares instructions for operating personnel during production run; analyzes, reviews, and alters programs to increase operating effi ciency or adapt to new requirements; maintains records of program de velopment and revisions. (NOTE: Workers performing both systems anal ysis and programming should be classified as systems analysts if this is the skill used to determine their pay.) Does not include employees primarily responsible for the man agement or supervision of other electronic data processing employees, or programmers prim arily concerned with scientific and/or engineering problem s. For wage study purposes, programmers are classified as follows: Class A . Works independently or under only general direction on complex problems which require competence in all phases of pro gramming concepts and practices. Working from diagrams and charts which identify the nature of desired results, major processing steps to be accomplished, and the relationships between various steps of the prob lem solving routine; plans the full range of programming actions needed to efficiently utilize the computer system in achieving desired end products. At this level, programming is difficult because computer equip ment must be organized to produce several interrelated but diverse prod ucts from numerous and diverse data elements. A wide variety and ex tensive number of internal processing actions must occur. This requires such actions as development of common operations which can be re used, establishment of linkage points between operations, adjustments to data when program requirements exceed computer storage capacity, and substantial manipulation and resequencing of data elements to form a highly integrated program. May provide functional direction to lower level programmers who are assigned to assist. Class B . Works independently or under only general direction on relatively simple programs, or on simple Segments of complex programs. Program s (or segments) usually process information to produce data in two or three varied sequences or formats. Reports and listings are produced by refining, adapting, arraying, or making minor additions to or deletions from input data which are readily available. While numerous records may be processed, the data have been refined in prior actions so that the accuracy and sequencing of data can be tested by using a few routine checks. Typically, the program deals with routine recordkeeping operations. OR Works on complex programs (as described for class A) under close direction of a higher level programmer or supervisor. May assist higher level programmer by independently performing less difficult tasks assigned, and performing more difficult tasks under fairly close direction. C O M P U T E R P R O G R A M M E R , B U S IN E S S — C ontinu ed D RAFTER May guide or instruct lower level programmers. Class C . Makes practical applications of programming practices and concepts usually learned in formal training courses. Assignments are designed to develop competence in the application of standard pro cedures to routine problems. Receives close supervision on new aspects of assignments; and work is reviewed to verify its accuracy and conformance with required procedures. COMPUTER OPERATOR Monitors and operates the control console of a digital computer to process data according to operating instructions, usually prepared by a programmer. Work includes most of the following: Studies instructions to determine equipment setup and operations; loads equipment with required items (tape reels, cards, etc.); switches necessary auxiliary equipment into circuit, and starts and operates computer; makes adjustments to computer to correct operating problems and meet special conditions; reviews errors made during operation and determines cause or refers problem to super visor or programmer; and maintains operating records. May test and assist in correcting program. For wage study purposes, computer operators are classified as follows: Class A . Operates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running programs with most of the following characteristics: New programs are frequently tested and introduced; scheduling requirements are of critical importance to minimize downtime; the programs are of complex design so that identification of error source often requires a working knowl edge of the total program, and alternate programs may not be available. May give direction and guidance to lower level operators. Class B . Operates independently, or under only general direction, a computer running programs with most of the following characteristics: Most of the programs are established production runs, typically run on a regularly recurring basis; there is little or no testing of new programs required; alter nate programs are provided in case original program needs major change or cannot be corrected within a reasonably short time. In common error situations, diagnoses cause and takes corrective action. This usually in volves applying previously programmed corrective steps, or using standard correction techniques. OR Operates under direct supervision a computer running programs or segments of programs with the characteristics described for class A. May assist a higher level operator by independently performing less difficult tasks assigned, and performing difficult tasks following detailed instructions and with frequent review of operations performed. Class C. Works on routine programs under close supervision. Is expected to develop working knowledge of the computer equipment used and ability to detect problems involved in running routine programs. Usually has received some formal training in computer operation. May assist higher level operator on complex programs. 31 Class A . Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having distinctive design features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of form, function, and positional relationships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for consistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare drawings or direct their preparation by lower level drafters. Class B . Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments that require the application of most of the standardized drawing techniques regularly used. Duties typically involve such work as: Prepares working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of founda tions, wall sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities, strengths, stresses, etc. Receives initial instructions, requirements, and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical adequacy. Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required. Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are less complete when assignments recur. Work may be spot-checked during progress. DRAFTER-TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation.) AND/OR Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items. Work is closely supervised during progress. ELECTRONICS TECHNICIAN Works on various types of electronic equipment and related devices by performing one or a combination of the following: Installing, maintaining, repairing, overhauling, troubleshooting, modifying, constructing, and testing. Work requires practical application of technical knowledge of electronics principles, ability to determine malfunctions, and skill to put equipment in required operating condition. The equipment— consisting of either many different kinds of circuits or multiple repetition of the same kind of circuit— includes, but is not limited to, the following: (a) Electronic transmitting and receiving equipment (e.g., radar, radio, television, telephone, sonar, navigational aids), (b) digital and analog computers, and (c) industrial and medical measuring and controlling equipment. E L E C J R p N I C S T E C H N IC IA N — C ontinued E L E C T R O N IC S T E C H N IC IA N — C ontinu ed This classification excludes repairers of such standard electronic equipment as common office machines and household radio and television sets; production assemblers and testers; workers whose primary duty is servicing electronic test instruments; technicians who have administrative or supervisory responsibility; and drafters, designers, and professional engineers. Receives technical guidance, as required, from supervisor or higher level technician, and work is reviewed for specific compliance with accepted practices and work assignments. May provide technical guidance to lower level technicians. Positions are classified into levels on the basis of the following definitions: Class A . Applies advanced technical knowledge to solve unusually complex problems (i.e., those that typically cannot be solved solely by reference to manufacturers' manuals or similar documents) in working on electronic equipment. Examples of such problems include location and density of circuitry, electromagnetic radiation, isolating malfunctions, and frequent engineering changes. Work involves: A detailed understanding of the interrelationships of circuits; exercising independent judgment in per forming such tasks as making circuit analyses, calculating wave forms, tracing relationships in signal flow; and regularly using complex test in struments (e.g., dual trace oscilloscopes, Q-m eters, deviation meters, pulse generators). Work may be reviewed by supervisor (frequently an engineer or designer) for general compliance with accepted practices. May provide technical guidance to lower level technicians. Class B . Applies comprehensive technical knowledge to solve com plex problems (i.e., those that typically can be solved solely by properly interpreting manufacturers' manuals or similar documents) in working on electronic equipment. Work involves: A familiarity with the interrelation ships of circuits; and judgment in determining work sequence and in selecting tools and testing instruments, usually less complex than those used by the class A technician. Class C . Applies working technical knowledge to perform simple or routine tasks in working on electronic equipment, following detailed in structions which cover virtually all procedures. Work typically involves such tasks as: Assisting higher level technicians by performing such activities as replacing components, wiring circuits, and taking test readings; repairing simple electronic equipment; and using tools and common test instruments (e.g., multimeters, audio signal generators, tube testers, oscilloscopes). Is not required to be familiar with the interrelationships of circuits. This knowledge, however, may be acquired through assignments designed to in crease competence (including classroom training) so that worker can advance to higher level technician. Receives technical guidance, as required, from supervisor or higher level technician. Work is typically spot checked, but is given detailed review when new or advanced assignments are involved. REGISTERED INDUSTRIAL NURSE A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medical direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees' injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. Nursing supervisors or head nurses in establishments employing more than one nurse are excluded. Maintenance, Toolroom, and Powerplant MAINTENANCE CARPENTER MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIAN— Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other trans mission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician's handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the main tenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MAINTENANCE PAINTER MAINTENANCE ELECTRICIAN Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, distri bution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an estab lishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculiarities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes M A I N T E N A N C E P A I N T E R — C ontinued M A IN T E N A N C E P IP E F IT T E R and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or con sistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Laying out work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machines; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. M AINTENANCE MACHINIST Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work in volves most of the following; Interpreting written instructions and specifica tions; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist's handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment required for this work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MAINTENANCE MECHANIC (MACHINERY) Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from machine shops; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a machinery maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. M AINTENANCE MECHANIC (MOTOR VEHICLE) Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an estab lishment. Work involves most of the following; Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and per forming repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gauges, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; re assembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary adjustments; and aligning wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the motor vehicle maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. This classification does not include mechanics who repair customers' vehicles in automobile repair shops. MAINTENANCE SH EET-M E TAL WORKER Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifica tions; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations relating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; aligning and balancing equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwright's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. M AINTENANCE TRADES HELPER Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, machine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding materials and tools, and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. M A C H IN E - T O O L O P E R A T O R (T O O L R O O M ) T O O L A N D D IE M A K E R — C ontinued Specializes in operating one or more than one type of machine tool (e.g., jig borer, grinding machine, engine lather, milling machine) to machine metal for use in making or maintaining jigs, fixtures, cutting tools, gauges, or metal dies or molds used in shaping or forming metal or nonmetallic material (e.g., plastic, plaster, rubber, glass). Work typically involves: Planning and performing difficult machining operations which require complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; setting up machine tool or tools (e.g., install cutting tools and adjust guides, stops, working tables, and other controls to handle the size of stock to be machined; determine proper feeds, speeds, tooling, and operation sequence or select those prescribed in drawings, blueprints, or layouts); using a variety of precision measuring instruments; making necessary adjustments during machining operation to achieve requisite dimensions to very close tolerances. May be required to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils, to recognize when tools need dressing, and to dress tools. In general, the work of a machine-tool operator (toolroom) at the skill level called for in this classification requires extensive knowledge of machine-shop and tool room practice usually acquired through considerable on-the-job training and experience. setting up and operating various machine tools and related equipment; using various tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; working to very close tolerances; heat-treating metal parts and finished tools and dies to achieve required qualities; fitting and assembling parts to pre scribed tolerances and allowances. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross-industry wage study purposes, this classification does not include machine-tool operators (toolroom) employed in tool and die jobbing shops. TOOL AND DIE MAKER Constructs and repairs jigs, fixtures, cutting tools, gauges, or metal dies or molds used in shaping or forming metal or nonmetallic material (e.g., plastic, plaster, rubber, glass). Work typically involves: Planning and laying out work according to models, blueprints, drawings, or other written or oral specifications; understanding the working properties of common metals and alloys; selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes required to complete task; making necessary shop computations; For cross-industry wage study purposes, this classification does not include tool and die makers who (1) are employed in tool and die jobbing shops or (2) produce forging dies (die sinkers). STATIONARY ENGINEER Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or airconditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. BOILER TENDER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which em ployed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. Material Movement and Custodial TRUCKDRIVER SHIPPER AND RECEIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport materials, merchandise, equipment, or workers between various types of establishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers' houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Salesroute and over-the-road drivers are excluded. Perform s clerical and physical tasks in connection with shipping goods of the establishment in which employed and receiving incoming shipments. In performing day-to-day, routine tasks, follows established guidelines. In handling unusual nonroutine problems, receives specific guid ance from supervisor or other officials. May direct and coordinate the activities of other workers engaged in handling goods to be shipped or being received. For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by type and rated capacity of truck, as follows: Shippers typically are responsible f o r most of the following: Verifying that orders are accurately filled by comparing items and quantities of goods gathered for shipment against documents; insuring that shipments are properly packaged, identified with shipping information, and loaded into transporting vehicles; preparing and keeping records of goods shipped, e.g., manifests, bills of lading. Truckdriver, light truck (straight truck, under (IV 2 tons, usually 4 wheels) Truckdriver, medium truck (straight truck, IV2 to 4 tons inclusive, usually 6 wheels) Truckdriver, heavy truck (straight truck, over 4 tons, usually 10 wheels) Truckdriver, tractor-trailer Receivers typically are responsible for most of the following: Verifying the correctness of incoming shipments by comparing items and quantities unloaded against bills of lading, invoices, manifests, storage S H I P P E R A N D R E C E IV E R — C ontinued M A T E R I A L H A N D L IN G L A B O R E R — C ontinued receipts, or other records; checking for damaged goods; insuring that goods are appropriately identified for routing to departments within the establishment; preparing and keeping records of goods received. materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and transporting materials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshore workers, who load and unload ships, are excluded. For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: Shipper Receiver Shipper and receiver POWER-TRUCK OPERATOR Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of powertruck, as follows: WAREHOUSEMAN As directed, performs a variety of warehousing duties which require an understanding of the establishment's storage plan. Work involves most of the following: Verifying materials (or merchandise) against receiving documents, noting and reporting discrepancies and obvious damages; routing materials to prescribed storage locations; storing, stacking, or palletizing materials in accordance with prescribed storage methods; rearranging and taking inventory of stored materials; examining stored materials and re porting deterioration and damage; removing material from storage and preparing it for shipment. May operate hand or power trucks in performing warehousing duties. Exclude workers whose primary duties involve shipping and re ceiving work (see Shipper and Receiver and Shipping Packer), order filling (see Order F iller), or operating power trucks (see Power-Truck Operator). ORDER F ILLE R Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers' orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and indicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requisition addi tional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. SHIPPING PACKER Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of container employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. M ATERIAL HANDLING LABORER A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing Forklift operator Power-truck operator (other than forklift) GUARD Protects property from theft or damage, or persons from hazards or interference. Duties involve serving at a fixed post, making rounds on foot or by motor vehicle, or escorting persons or property. May be deputized to make arrests. May also help visitors and customers by answering questions and giving directions. Guards employed by establishments which provide protective se r vices on a contract basis are included in this occupation. For wage study purposes, guards are classified as follows: Guard A Enforces regulations designed to prevent breaches of security. Exercises judgment and uses discretion in dealing with emergencies and security violations encountered. Determines whether first response should be to intervene directly (asking for assistance when deemed necessary and time allows), to keep situation under surveillance, or to report situation so that it can be handled by appropriate authority. Duties require spe cialized training in methods and techniques of protecting security areas. Commonly, the guard is required to demonstrate continuing physical fitness and proficiency with firearms or other special weapons. Guard B Carries out instructions primarily oriented toward insuring that emergencies and security violations are readily discovered and reported to appropriate authority. Intervenes directly only in situations which require minimal action to safeguard property or persons. Duties require minimal training. Commonly, the guard is not required to demonstrate physical fitness. May be armed, but generally is not required to demonstrate proficiency in the use of firearms or special weapons. JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commercial or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Service Contract Act Surveys The following areas are sur veyed periodically for use in admin istering the Service Contract Act of 1965. Survey results are pub lished in releases which are availa ble, at no cost, while supplies last from any of the BLS regional offices shown on the back cover. Alaska (statewide) Albany, Ga. Alexandria, La. Alpena, Standish, and Tawas City, Mich. Asheville, N.C. Atlantic City, N.J. Augusta, Ga.—S.C. Austin, Tex. Bakersfield, Calif. Baton Rouge, La. Battle Creek, Mich. Beaumont—Port ArthurO range, Tex. Biloxi—Gulfport and Pascagoula, Miss. Bremerton, Wash. Bridgeport, Norwalk, and Stamford, Conn. Brunswick, Ga. Cedar Rapids, Iowa Champaign—Urbana—Rantoul, 111. Charleston, S.C. Cheyenne, Wyo. Clarksville—Hopkinsville, T enn.—Ky. Colorado Springs, Colo. Columbia, S.C. Columbus, Miss. Crane, Ind. Decatur, 111. Des Moines, Iowa Dothan, Ala. Duluth—Superior, Minn.—Wis. El Paso, Tex., and Alamogordo—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Eugene—Springfield and Medford— Klamath Falls—Grants Pass— Roseburg, Oreg. Fayetteville, N.C. Fitchburg—Leominster, Mass. Fort Riley—Junction City, Kans. Fort Smith, Ark.—Okla. Fort Wayne, Ind. Frederick—Hagerstown— Chambersburg, Md.—Pa. Gadsden and Anniston, Ala. Goldsboro, N.C. Grand Island—Hastings, Nebr. Guam, Territory of Harrisburg—Lebanon, Pa. La Crosse, Wis. Laredo, Tex. Lawton, Okla. Lexington—Fayette, Ky. Lima, Ohio Logansport—Peru, Ind. Lower Eastern Shore, Md.—Va.—Del. Macon, Ga. Madison, Wis. Maine (statewide) McAllen—Pharr—Edinburg and Brownsville—Harlingen— S an B e n ito , Tex. Meridian, Miss. Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean Cos., N.J. Mobile and Pensacola, Ala.—Fla. Montana (statewide) Nashville—Davidson, Tenn. New Bern—Jacksonville, N.C. New Hampshire (statewide) New London—Norwich, Conn.—R.I. North Dakota (statewide) Northern New York Orlando, Fla. Oxnard—Simi Valley—Ventura, Calif. Phoenix, Ariz. Pine Bluff, Ark. Pueblo, Colo. Puerto Rico Raleigh—Durham, N.C. Reno, Nev. Riverside—San Bernardino— Ontario, Calif. Salina, Kans. Salinas—Seaside—Monterey, Calif. Sandusky, Ohio Santa Barbara—Santa Maria— Lompoc, Calif. Savannah, Ga. Selma, Ala. Sherman—Denison, Tex. Shreveport, La. South Dakota (statewide) Southern Idaho Southwestern Virginia Springfield, 111. Springfield—Chicopee—Holyoke, Mass.—Conn. Stockton, Calif. Tacoma, Wash. Tampa—St. Petersburg, Fla. Topeka, Kans. Tulsa, Okla. Upper Peninsula, Mich. Vallejo—Fairfield—Napa, Calif. Vermont (statewide) Virgin Islands of the U.S. Waco and Killeen—Temple, Tex. Waterloo—Cedar Falls, Iowa West Texas Plains West Virginia (statewide) Wilmington, Del.—N.J.—Md. Yakima, Richland—Kennewick, and Walla Walla—Pendleton, Wash.—Oreg. ALSO A VA ILAB LE— An annual report on salaries for accountants, auditors, chief account ants, attorneys, job analysts, direc tors of personnel, buyers, chemists, engineers, engineering technicians, drafters, a n d clerical employees is available. Order as BLS Bulle tin 1931, National Survey of P ro fessional, Administrative, Technical and Clerical Pay, March 1976, $1.35 a copy, from any of the BLS re gional sales offices shown on the back cover, or from the Superin tendent of Documents, U.S. Govern ment Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Area Wage Surveys A list of the latest bulletins available is presented below. Bulletins may be purchased from any of the BLS regional offices shown on the back cover, or from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. A directory of occupational wage surveys, covering the years 1950 through 1975, is available on request. Area Akron, Ohio, Dec. 1976 1_____________________________________ Albany—Schenectady—Troy, N.Y., Sept. 1976 ________________ Anaheim—Santa Ana—Garden Grove, Calif., Oct. 1976____________________________________________ Atlanta, Ga., May 1977______________________________________ Baltimore, Md., Aug. 1977__________________________________ Billings, Mont., July 1977*_________________________________ Birmingham, Ala., Mar. 1977_______________________________ Boston, Mass., Aug. 1976 ___________________________________ Buffalo, N.Y., Oct. 1976 ____________________________ _________ Canton, Ohio, May 1977 1____________________________________ Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga., Sept. 1976 ________________________ Chicago, 111., May 1977 *_____________________________________ Cincinnati, Ohio—Ky.—Ind., Mar. 1976_______________________ Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 1976_________________________________ Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 1976__________________________________ Corpus Christi, Tex., July 1977 1 ___________________________ Dallas—Fort Worth, Tex., Oct. 1976_________________________ Davenport—Rock Island—Moline, Iowa—111., Feb. 1977 1------Dayton, Ohio, Dec. 1976 _____________________________________ Daytona Beach, Fla., Aug. 1977 1____________________________ Denver—Boulder, Colo., Dec. 1976__________________________ Detroit, Mich., Mar. 1977___________________________________ Fresno, Calif., June 1977 ___________________________________ Gainesville, Fla., Sept. 1976 ________________________________ Green Bay, Wis., July 1977__________________________________ Greensboro—Winston-Salem—High Point, N.C., Aug. 1977 1___________________________________________ Greenville—Spartanburg, S.C., June 1977 ___________________ Hartford, Conn., Mar. 1977__________________________________ Houston, Tex., Apr. 1976____________________________________ Huntsville, Ala., Feb. 1977 1_________________________________ Indianapolis, Ind., Oct. 1976_________________________________ Jackson, Miss., Jan. 1977 1 _________________________________ Jacksonville, Fla., Dec. 1976 1______________________________ Kansas City, Mo.-Kans., Sept. 1976 1 _______________________ Los Angeles—Long Beach, Calif., Oct. 1976________________ Louisville, Ky.—Ind., Nov. 1976_____________________________ Memphis, Tenn.—Ark.—Miss., Nov. 1976 1 __________________ Bulletin number and price * 1900-76, 85 cents 1900-59, 55 cents 1900-67, 75 cents 1950-17, $1.20 1950-39, $1.20 1950-40, $1.00 1950-8, 85 cents 1900-53, 85 cents 1900-70, 75 cents 1950-28, $1.10 1900-57, 55 cents 1950-41, $1.40 1900-7, 75 cents 1900-62, 95 cents 1900-68, 75 cents 1950-35, $ 1.00 1900-63, 85 cents 1950-26, $1.10 1900-78, 85 cents 1950-43, $1.00 1900-73, 85 cents 1950-13, $1.20 1950-30, 70 cents 1900-54, 45 cents 1950-36, 70 cents 1950-42, 1950-33, 1950-9, 1900-26, 1950-4, 1900-58, 1950-2, 1900-80, 1900-60, 1900-77, 1900-69, 1900-75, $1.10 70 cents 80 cents 85 cents $1.40 75 cents $1.50 85 cents $1.05 85 cents 55 cents 85 cents Area Miami, Fla., Oct. 1976______________________________________ Milwaukee, Wis., Apr. 1977 _________________________________ Minneapolis—St. Paul, Minn.—Wis., Jan. 1977_______________ Nassau—Suffolk, N.Y., June 1977 ____________________________ Newark, N.J., Jan. 1977 ________________ ;___________________ New Orleans, La., Jan. 1977 1_______________________________ New York, N.Y .-N.J., May 1977____________________________ Norfolk—Virginia Beach-Portsmouth, Va.— N.C., May 1977 _____________________________________________ Norfolk—Virginia Beach—Portsmouth and Newport News—Hampton, Va.—N.C., May 1977____________ Northeast Pennsylvania, Aug. 1977 1________________________ Oklahoma City, Okla., Aug. 1976____________________________ Omaha, Nebr.-Iowa, Oct. 1976______________________________ Paterson—Clifton—Passaic, N.J., June 1977_________________ Philadelphia, Pa.—N.J., Nov. 1976 1_________________________ Pittsburgh, Pa., Jan. 1977 __________________________________ Portland, Maine, Dec. 1976 1 ____________ _________________ Portland, Oreg.—Wash., May 19771_________________________ Poughkeepsie, N.Y., June 1977 _____________________________ Poughkeepsie—Kingston—Newburgh, N.Y., June 1976_______ Providence—Warwick—Pawtucket, R.I.— Mass., June 1977 1_________________________________________ Richmond, Va., June 1977 1 _________________________________ St. Louis, Mo.—111., Mar. 1977 ______________________________ Sacramento, Calif., Dec. 1976 ______________________________ Saginaw, Mich., Nov. 1976 1_________________________________ Salt Lake City—Ogden, Utah, Nov.1976_____________________ San Antonio, Tex., May 1977 1_______________________________ San Diego, Calif., Nov. 1976________________________________ San Francisco—Oakland, Calif., Mar. 1977 _________________ San Jose, Calif., Mar. 1977_________________________________ Seattle—Everett, Wash., Jan. 1977 1_________________________ South Bend, Ind., Mar. 1976 _________________________________ Syracuse, N.Y., July 1976___________________________________ Toledo, Ohio—Mich., May 1977______________________________ Trenton, N.J., Sept. 1976____________________________________ Utica—Rome, N.Y., July 1977 1 ______________________________ Washington, D.C.—Md.—Va., Mar. 1977______________________ Wichita, Kans., Apr. 1977 _________________________________ Worcester, Mass., Apr. 1977 _______________________________ York, Pa., Feb. 1977 ________________________________________ * 1 Bulletin number and price * 1900-66, 1950-14, 1950-3, 1950-27, 1950-7, 1950-5, 1950-31, 75 cents $1.10 $1.60 $ 1.00 $ 1.60 $1.60 $1.20 1950-20, 70 cents 1950-21, 1950-38, 1900-42, 1900-61, 1950-34, 1900-64, 1950-1, 1900-72, 1950-32, 1950-25, 1900-55, 70 cents $1.10 55 cents 55 cents 70 cents $1.10 $1.50 85 cents $1.20 70 cents 55 cents 1950-22, 1950-23, 1950-10, 1900-71, 1900-74, 1900-65, 1950-24, 1900-79, 1950-29, 1950-19, 1950-12, 1900-5, 1900-44, 1950-18, 1900-56, 1950-37, 1950-11, 1950-16, 1950-15, 1950-6, $ 1.20 $1.10 $1.20 55 cents 75 cents 55 cents $1.10 55 cents $1.20 $1.00 $1.20 55 cents 55 cents 80 cents 55 cents $ 1.10 $1.20 $1.10 70 cents $1.10 Prices are determined by the Government Printing O ffice and are subject to change. Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Postage and Fees Paid U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C. 20212 Third Class Mail Official Business Penalty for private use, $300 Lab-441 Bureau of Labor Statistics Regional Offices Region I Region It Region 111 Region IV 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6761 (AreaCode617) Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N Y. 10036 Phone: 399-5406 (AreaCode212) 3535 Market Street, P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 596-1154 (AreaCode215) Suite 540 >371 Peachtree St., N.E. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone:881-4418 (Area Code 404) Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Region V Region VI Regions VII and VIII Regions IX and X 9th Floor, 230 S. Dearborn St. Chicago, III 60604 Phone: 353-1880 (AreaCode312) Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: 749-3516 (AreaCode214) Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone:556-4678 (Area Code 415) Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas VII VIII IX X Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah Wyoming Arizona California Hawaii Nevada Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin
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