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The Birmingham, Alabama, Metropolitan Area April 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATI STI CS BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region I John F. Kennedy Federal Building Government Center, Room 1603-B Boston, Mass. 02203 T el.: 223-6762 Region II 341 Ninth Ave. New York, N. Y. 10001 T e l.: 971-5405 Region III 1518 Walnut St. Room 1310 Philadelphia, Pa. 19102 T el.: 597-7560 Region IV 1371 Peachtree St. , NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 T e l.: 526-5418 Region V 219 South Dearborn St. Chicago, 111. 60604 T e l.: 353-7230 Region VI Federal Office Building Third Floor 911 Walnut St. Kansas City, Mo. 64106 T e l.: 374-2481 Region VII Mayflower Building Room 337 411 North Akard St. Dallas, Tex. 75201 T el.: 749-3616 Region VIII 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 T e l.: 556-4678 Area Wage Survey The Birmingham, Alabama, Metropolitan Area April 1968 Bulletin No. 1575-59 July 1968 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU O F LABOR STATISTICS Ben Burdetsky, Acting Commissioner For sale by th e S u p erintendent of Documents, U.S. Governm ent Printing O ffice, W ashington, D.C. 2 04 02 — Price 30 cents Contents P re fa ce Page T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o g r a m of a n n u a l o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e s u r v e y s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s i s d e s i g n e d to p r o v i d e d a t a on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s , and e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s . It y ie ld s d e ta ile d d a ta by s e l e c t e d in d u str y d iv isio n for each o f the a r e a s s t u d i e d , f o r g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s , an d f o r the U n it e d S t a t e s . A m a j o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n in the p r o g r a m i s the n e e d f o r g r e a t e r i n s i g h t i n to (1) the m o v e m e n t of w a g e s b y o c c u p a t i o n a l c a t e g o r y a n d s k i l l l e v e l , a n d (2) the s t r u c t u r e a n d l e v e l o f w a g e s a m o n g a r e a s an d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s . I n t r o d u c t i o n __________________________________________________________________ W a g e t r e n d s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p s ___________________________ T ab les: 1. At th e e n d o f e a c h s u r v e y , an i n d i v i d u a l a r e a b u l le tin p r e s e n t s s u r v e y r e s u l t s f o r e ac h a r e a stu d ied . A fte r c o m p le t io n of a ll of the in d iv id u a l a r e a b u lletin s fo r a roun d of s u r v e y s , a tw o - p a r t s u m m a r y b ulletin i s i s s u e d . T h e f i r s t p a r t b r i n g s d a t a f o r e a c h o f the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s s t u d i e d in to o n e b u l l e t i n . T h e s e c o n d p a r t p r e s e n t s in fo r m a t i o n w h ich h a s b e e n p r o j e c t e d f r o m in dividu al m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a d a t a to r e l a t e to g e o g r a p h i c r e g i o n s a n d the U n it e d S t a t e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d i e d _____________________ ________________________________ The B irm in g h a m Stan dard M etrop olitan S ta tistic a l A r e a w a s d e f i n e d b y the B u r e a u of the B u d g e t in 1949 a s J e f f e r s o n County, A la . T h e a r e a d e fin itio n , a s a m e n d e d t h r o u g h A p r i l 1 9 6 7 , i n c l u d e s th e a d d i t i o n o f S h e l b y a n d W alker C o u n ties, A la . T h i s s u r v e y , c o n d u c t e d in A p r i l 1 9 6 8 , i s t h e f i r s t to i n c l u d e t h e s e a d d i t i o n a l c o u n t i e s . The i n c r e a s e in e m p l o y m e n t w it h in s c o p e o f the s u r v e y w a s c o n f i n e d a l m o s t e x c l u s i v e l y to m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s . In re c o g n itio n of th is f a c to r , th is bu lletin p r e s e n t s d ata fo r all t h r e e co u n tie s co m b in ed , and a l s o s e p a r a t e o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s in fo r m a t io n fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g in J e f f e r s o n C ounty. D a t a f o r J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y a r e c o m p a r a b l e to i n f o r m a t i o n p u b l i s h e d in p r e v i o u s y e a r s a n d w e r e u s e d f o r t r e n d c o m p a r i s o n s . F u tu r e b u lle tin s and t r e n d s w ill r e f le c t d a ta fo r th e t h r e e - c o u n t y a r e a . E i g h t y - s i x a r e a s c u r r e n t l y a r e i n c l u d e d in the p r o g r a m . In e a c h a r e a , i n f o r m a t i o n on o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s i s c o l l e c t e d a n n u a l l y a n d on e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s and s u p p le m e n t a r y w ag e p r o v is io n s b ien n ially . T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s r e s u l t s o f the s u r v e y in B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , in A p r i l 1968. The Stan dard M e t r o p o l i t a n S t a t i s t i c a l A r e a , a s d e f in e d by the B u r e a u of t h e B u d g e t t h r o u g h A p r i l 1 9 6 7 , c o n s i s t s of J e f f e r s o n , Sh elb y , and W alk er C o u n tie s. T h is stud y w a s con d u cted by t h e s t a f f o f the B u r e a u ' s A t l a n t a R e g i o n a l O f f i c e u n d e r the g e n e r a l d ir e c t io n of D onald M . C r u s e , A s s i s t a n t R e gion al D ir e c to r for O p e ra tio n s. 1 3 S im ila r tab u latio n s (See in sid e b ack c o v e r .) are av ailab le for other a r e a s . U n io n s c a l e s , i n d i c a t i v e o f p r e v a i l i n g p a y l e v e l s in the B ir m in g h a m a r e a , a r e a l s o a v a ila b le f o r build in g c o n s tr u c tio n ; p rin tin g ; l o c a l - t r a n s i t o p e r a t in g e m p lo y e e s ; and m o t o r t r u c k d r i v e r s , h e l p e r s , and a llie d o c c u p a tio n s. iii 2 Contents— Continued Page T a b l e s --- C o n t in u e d 2. A. I n d e x e s of sta n d a r d w eek ly s a l a r i e s and s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u rly e a r n in g s fo r s e le c t e d o c cu p atio n al g r o u p s , a n d p e r c e n t s o f c h a n g e f o r s e l e c t e d p e r i o d s ________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ A p pen dix. O c c u p a t i o n a l d e s c r i p t i o n s __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ iv in oo o o o O ccu p atio n a l e a r n in g s: * A - 1. O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n a n d w o m e n _____________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ A -la . O f f i c e o c c u p a t i o n s —m a n u f a c t u r i n g —J e f f e r s o n C ou n ty —m e n an d w o m e n ___________________________________________________________________ A - 2. P r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n a n d w o m e n __________________________________________________________________________________ A -2a. P r o f e s s i o n a l a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m a n u f a c t u r i n g —J e f f e r s o n County—m e n a n d w o m e n ___________________________________________ A - 3. O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m e n a n d w o m e n c o m b i n e d _____________________________________________________________ A -3a. O f f i c e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d t e c h n i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s —m a n u f a c t u r i n g —J e f f e r s o n County—m e n a n d w o m e n c o m b i n e d ______________________ A -4. M a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t o c c u p a t i o n s ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ A -4a. M a i n t e n a n c e a n d p o w e r p l a n t o c c u p a t i o n s —m a n u f a c t u r i n g —J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y ______________________________________________________________ A - 5. C u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s . . _____________________________________________________________________________________________ A -5a. C u s t o d i a l a n d m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t i o n s —m a n u f a c t u r i n g —J e f f e r s o n C oun ty __ ___ _____________ ____________________________________ _ 3 1 11 12 13 14 16 17 Area Wage Survey---The Birmingham, Ala., Metropolitan Area Introduction T h i s a r e a i s 1 of 86 in w h i c h the U .S . D e p a r t m e n t of L a b o r ' s B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s c o n d u c t s s u r v e y s of o c c u p a t i o n a l e a r n i n g s a n d r e l a t e d b e n e f i t s on a n a r e a w i d e b a s i s . O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t an d e a r n i n g s d a t a a r e sh o w n f o r f u l l - t i m e w o r k e r s , i . e . , t h o s e h i r e d to w o r k a r e g u l a r w e e k l y s c h e d u l e in the g i v e n o c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . E a r n in g s d a ta exclude p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , an d l a t e s h ifts. N o n p ro d u ctio n b o n u s e s a r e e x c lu d e d , but c o s t - o f - l i v i n g a llo w a n c e s an d i n c e n t i v e e a r n i n g s a r e i n c l u d e d . W h e r e w e e k l y h o u r s a r e r e p o r t e d , a s f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a t i o n s , r e f e r e n c e i s to the s t a n d a r d w o r k w e e k ( r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f h o u r ) f o r w h i c h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s ( e x c l u s i v e of p a y f o r o v e r tim e at r e g u la r a n d /o r p r e m iu m r a t e s ) . A v e r a g e w eek ly ea rn in g s f o r t h e s e o c c u p a t i o n s h a v e b e e n r o u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a l f d o l l a r . T h i s b u l l e t i n p r e s e n t s c u r r e n t o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t an d e a r n i n g s i n f o r m a t i o n o b t a i n e d l a r g e l y b y m a i l f r o m the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s v i s i t e d b y B u r e a u f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s in the l a s t p r e v i o u s s u r v e y f o r o c c u p a t i o n s r e p o r t e d in t h a t e a r l i e r s tu d y . P e r s o n a l v i s i t s w e r e m a d e to n o n r e s p o n d e n t s a n d to t h o s e r e s p o n d e n t s r e p o r t i n g u n u s u a l c h a n g e s s i n c e the p r e v i o u s s u r v e y . In e a c h a r e a , d a t a a r e o b t a i n e d f r o m r e p r e s e n t a t i v e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in s i x b r o a d i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s : M a n u f a c t u r i n g ; t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n , an d o t h e r p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s ; w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s . M a j o r in d u str y g r o u p s ex c lu d e d fr o m these stu d ies a r e go v ern m en t o p e r a t i o n s a n d the c o n s t r u c t i o n an d e x t r a c t i v e i n d u s t r i e s . E s t a b l i s h m e n t s h a v i n g f e w e r th a n a p r e s c r i b e d n u m b e r of w o r k e r s a r e o m i t t e d b e c a u s e t h e y t e n d to f u r n i s h i n s u f f i c i e n t e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d i e d to w a r r a n t i n c l u s i o n . S e p a r a t e t a b u l a t i o n s a r e p r o v i d e d f o r e a c h of the b r o a d in d u str y d i v is io n s w hich m e e t p u b licatio n c r i t e r i a . The a v e r a g e s p r e se n te d re fle c t c o m p o site , are aw id e e s t i m ates. I n d u s t r i e s an d e s t a b l i s h m e n t s d i f f e r in p a y l e v e l an d j o b s t a f f i n g a n d , t h u s , c o n t r i b u t e d i f f e r e n t l y to the e s t i m a t e s f o r e a c h j o b . T h e p a y r e l a t i o n s h i p o b t a i n a b l e f r o m the a v e r a g e s m a y f a i l to r e f l e c t a c c u r a t e l y the w a g e s p r e a d o r d i f f e r e n t i a l m a i n t a i n e d a m o n g j o b s in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . S i m i l a r l y , d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s f o r m e n a n d w o m e n in a n y of the s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s h o u l d not be a s s u m e d to r e f l e c t d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y t r e a t m e n t of the s .e x e s w it h in in d ivid u al e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . O ther p o s s i b l e f a c t o r s w hich m a y c o n tr ib ute to d i f f e r e n c e s in p a y f o r m e n a n d v / o m e n i n c l u d e : D i f f e r e n c e s in p r o g r e s s i o n w it h in e s t a b l i s h e d r a t e r a n g e s , s i n c e o n ly the a c t u a l r a t e s p a i d i n c u m b e n t s a r e c o l l e c t e d ; a n d d i f f e r e n c e s in s p e c i f i c d u t i e s p e r f o r m e d , a l t h o u g h the w o r k e r s a r e c l a s s i f i e d a p p r o p r i a t e l y w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y j o b d e s c r i p t i o n . J o b d e s c r i p t i o n s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e m p l o y e e s in t h e s e s u r v e y s a r e u s u a l l y m o r e g e n e r a l i z e d t h a n t h o s e u s e d in i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a n d a l l o w f o r m i n o r d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the s p e c i f i c d u t i e s p e r f o r m e d . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u c t e d on a s a m p l e b a s i s b e c a u s e of the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t i n v o l v e d in s u r v e y i n g a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . To o b t a i n o p t i m u m a c c u r a c y a t m i n i m u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n of l a r g e t h a n of s m a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s i s s t u d i e d . In c o m b i n i n g the d a t a , h o w e v e r , a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s a r e given their a p p r o p r ia te w eight. E s t i m a t e s b a s e d on the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d a r e p r e s e n t e d , t h e r e f o r e , a s r e l a t i n g to a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in the i n d u s t r y g r o u p i n g an d a r e a , e x c e p t f o r t h o s e b e l o w the m i n i m u m s i z e s t u d i e d . O ccu p atio n s O c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t e s t i m a t e s r e p r e s e n t the t o t a l in a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h in the s c o p e of the s t u d y an d not the n u m b e r a c tu ally su rv e y e d . B e c a u s e of d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e a m o n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , the e s t i m a t e s of o c c u p a t i o n a l e m p l o y m e n t o b t a i n e d f r o m the s a m p l e of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s s t u d i e d s e r v e o n ly to i n d i c a t e the r e l a t i v e i m p o r t a n c e of the j o b s s t u d i e d . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in o c c u p a t i o n a l s t r u c t u r e do not a f f e c t m a t e r i a l l y the a c c u r a c y of the e a r n in gs data. and E a r n i n g s T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s t u d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r i e t y of m a n u f a c t u r i n g a n d n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and a r e of the f o l l o w ing t y p e s : (1) O f f i c e c l e r i c a l ; (2) p r o f e s s i o n a l an d t e c h n i c a l ; (3) m a i n t e n a n c e an d p o w e r p l a n t ; an d (4) c u s t o d i a l and m a t e r i a l m o v e m e n t . O c c u p a t i o n a l c l a s s i f i c a t i o n i s b a s e d on a u n i f o r m s e t of j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s d e s i g n e d to t a k e a c c o u n t of i n t e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t v a r i a t i o n in d u t i e s w ith in the s a m e j o b . T h e o c c u p a t i o n s s e l e c t e d f o r s t u d y a r e l i s t e d an d d e s c r i b e d in the a p p e n d i x . T h e e a r n i n g s d a t a fo l l o w in g the j o b t i t l e s a r e f o r a l l i n d u s t r i e s c o m b i n e d . E a r n i n g s d a t a f o r s o m e of the o c c u p a t i o n s l i s t e d an d d e s c r i b e d , o r f o r s o m e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s w ith in o c c u p a t i o n s , a r e not p r e s e n t e d in the A - s e r i e s t a b l e s b e c a u s e e i t h e r (1) e m p l o y m e n t in the o c c u p a t i o n i s too s m a l l to p r o v i d e en ough d a t a to m e r i t p r e s e n t a t i o n , o r (2) t h e r e i s p o s s i b i l i t y of d i s c l o s u r e of i n d i v i d u a l e s ta b lis h m e n t d ata. E stab lish m en t P r a c tic e s and S u p p le m e n ta r y W age P r o v i s i o n s T a b u l a t i o n s on s e l e c t e d e s t a b l i s h m e n t p r a c t i c e s a n d s u p p l e m e n t a r y w a g e p r o v i s i o n s ( B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) a r e not p r e s e n t e d in t h i s bulletin. In fo rm a tio n for th e se tab u latio n s is c o lle c te d b iennially. T h e s e t a b u l a t i o n s on m i n i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r i e s f o r i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o ffice w o r k e r s ; sh ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s ; sc h e d u le d w e e k ly h o u r s ; p a id h o l i d a y s ; p a i d v a c a t i o n s ; a n d h e a l t h , i n s u r a n c e , an d p e n s i o n p l a n s a r e p r e s e n t e d (in the B - s e r i e s t a b l e s ) in p r e v i o u s b u l l e t i n s f o r t h i s a r e a . 1 2 T a b l e 1. E st a bl is h m e n ts and W o r k e r s Within Scope of Survey and N u m b e r Studied in B i r m in gh am , A l a . , 1 by M a j o r Industry Division, 2 A p r i l 1968 Minimum employment in e s t a b l i s h ments in scope of study Industry division Within scope of study 4 Within scope of study 3 A l l d i v i s i o n s ___________________________________ Manufa ct urin g ... . .............. J e ff e r so n County N onm anufacturing T ra n sp ort at ion , communication, and ... other public utilities 5 W h o l e s a l e tra de _ _______________________________ _______ Retail tra de _ _ ____ Fin an ce , in su r a n c e , and r e a l estate Se r v i c e s 6 7 ________________________________________ W o r k e r s in es ta b lis hm ents N u m b e r of establishments Studied Studied Numbe r Percent 509 162 113,500 100 71,630 “ 202 182 307 56 51 106 63,300 59,500 50,200 56 52 44 40,530 39,330 31,100 50 50 50 50 50 48 68 104 44 43 21 22 29 19 15 14, 500 6, 400 16 ,0 0 0 13 5 14 7 5 11,790 2, 780 8, 290 5,550 2, 690 50 50 7, 600 5, 673 1 The B ir m in g h a m Standard Me tr op ol it a n Statistical A r e a , as defined by the B u r e a u of the Budget through A p r i l 1967, consi st s of Je ffe rs o n, Shelby, and W a l k e r Counties. The " w o r k e r s within scope of study" est im at es shown in this table pr ovide a r ea so na b ly ac cu ra te de s cr ip t io n o f the size and composition of the la b o r f o r c e included in the surv ey . The esti ma te s a r e not intended, ho we ve r, to s e r v e as a b a s i s of c o m p a r is o n with other employment in de xe s f or the a r e a to m e a s u r e em ployment tre nds o r le v e ls since ( l ) planning of w a g e survey s r e q u i r e s the us e of es tab lis hm ent data com pile d co n si d e r a b l y in advance of the p a y r o ll p e r i o d studied, and (2) s m a ll establishments a r e excluded f r o m the scope of the su r ve y . 2 The 1967 edition of the Standard Indu st ria l Cl a s s i f i c a t i o n Ma n u a l w a s u se d in classi fy in g establishments by indus try divi sio n. 3 Includes al l e sta bl ish m en ts with total em ployment at o r above the m in im um limitation. A l l outlets (within the a r e a ) of co mp ani es in such i n d u s t r i e s as tra de , finance, auto re p a i r s e r v i c e , and motion picture the ate rs a r e cons id er ed as 1 establishment. 4 Includes al l w o r k e r s in all esta bl is hm en ts with total employment (within the a r e a ) at o r above the mi nim um limitation. 5 T a x i c a b s and s e r v i c e s incidental to w a t e r tran sport atio n w e r e excluded. A nu mb er of el ectric utilities (supp lying l e s s than half the ele ct ri c consumption in J e f f e rs o n County) w e r e publicly owned and excluded by definition f r o m the scope of the study. * 6 This industry di vision is r e p r e s e n t e d in est im at es for "a ll i n d u s t r i e s " and "n on manufacturing" in the S eri es A t ab le s . S epa rat e pr es ent at io n of data f o r this di vision is not ma de f o r one o r m o r e of the following r e a so n s: ( l ) Employment in the division is too s m a ll to pr o vi d e enough data to m e r i t se pa ra te study, (2) the sam ple w a s not design ed initially to p e r m it se par at e presentation, (3) re sponse wa s insufficient o r inadequate to p e rm i t se p a ra te pr esentation, and (4) there is po s si b il it y of d i s c l o s u r e of individual establishment data. 7 Hotels and m o te ls ; l a un dr ie s and other p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u si n e s s s e r v i c e s ; automobile r e p a i r , rental, and parki ng; motion p i c t u r e s ; nonprofit m e m b e r s h i p org a n iz a tio n s (excluding re li g io u s and char ita ble o r ga ni za ti on s) ; and engineering and archit ec tu ral s e r v i c e s . O v e r half of the w o r k e r s within scope of the su rv ey in the B ir m in g h a m a r e a w e r e e m plo ye d in manu fac turin g f i r m s . The fo llowing table pre se nt s the m a jo r industry gro ups and spec ific i n du st ri es as a perc en t of all manufacturing: Industry g ro up s P r i m a r y m etal i n d u s t r i e s _________ 42 F a b r i c a t e d m etal p r o d u c t s _______ 1 1 E le c t r i c a l equipment and su pplies ____________________________ 10 F o o d and ki ndred p r o d u c t s _______ 9 Stone, clay, and g la s s p r o d u c t s ____________________________ 5 T r a n sp or t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t ________ 5 Specific industries B la st furnace and ba si c steel p r o d u c t s _____________________________ 31 Ir on and steel foundries ___________ 10 Communication equipment ________ 8 F a b r i c a t e d structural metal p r o d u c t s _____________________________ 8 R a i lr o a d e q u i p m e n t _________________ 4 T h is infor ma tio n is b a s e d on esti ma te s of total employment de ri v e d f r o m un iv er se m a t e r i a l s com pi le d p r i o r to actual s ur ve y. P r op or t i o n s in var io us industry divisions ma y d if fe r f r o m pr opo rt io n s b a s e d on the res ul ts of the survey as shown in table 1 above. 3 Wage Trends for Selected Occupational Groups P r e s e n t e d in ta b le 2 a r e in d e x e s and p e r c e n t a g e s of c h an ge in a v e r a g e s a l a r i e s o f o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s an d i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , a n d in a v e r a g e e a r n i n g s o f s e l e c t e d p l a n t w o r k e r g r o u p s . T h e i n d e x e s a r e a m e a s u r e o f w a g e s at a g iv e n tim e , e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t of w a g e s d u r in g the b a s e p e r i o d (date of the a r e a s u r v e y co n d u c ted b e t w e e n J u l y I 9 6 0 a n d J u n e 1 9 6 1). S u b t r a c t i n g 100 f r o m t h e i n d e x y i e l d s the p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e in w a g e s f r o m the b a s e p e r i o d to the d a te o f the in d e x . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s o f c h a n g e o r i n c r e a s e r e l a t e to w a g e c h a n g e s b e tw e en the in d ica te d d a t e s . T hese e stim a te s a re m e a s u r e s o f c h a n g e i n a v e r a g e s f o r t h e a r e a ; th e y a r e n o t i n t e n d e d to m e a s u r e a v e r a g e p a y c h a n g e s in the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in t h e a r e a . M ethod of C om p utin g in the o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p . T h e s e c o n s ta n t w e ig h t s r e f l e c t b a s e y e a r em ploy m en ts w h e rev er p o s s ib le . The a v e r a g e (m ean) e a r n in g s fo r e a c h o c c u p a t i o n w e r e m u l t i p l i e d b y the o c c u p a t i o n a l w e i g h t , a n d the p r o d u c t s f o r a ll o c c u p a tio n s in the g r o u p w e r e to ta le d . T h e a g g r e g a t e s f o r 2 c o n s e c u t i v e y e a r s w e r e r e l a t e d b y d i v i d i n g the a g g r e g a t e f o r t h e l a t e r y e a r b y the a g g r e g a t e f o r t h e e a r l i e r y e a r . The resu ltan t r e l a t i v e , l e s s 100 p e r c e n t , s h o w s t h e p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e . T h e i n d e x i s the p r o d u c t o f m u l t i p l y i n g the b a s e y e a r r e l a t i v e (1 0 0 ) b y t h e r e l a t i v e f o r the n e x t s u c c e e d i n g y e a r a n d c o n t i n u i n g to m u l t i p l y ( c o m p o u n d ) e a c h y e a r ’ s r e l a t i v e b y the p r e v i o u s y e a r ' s i n d e x . A v e ra g e e arn in g s f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g o c c u p a t i o n s w e r e u s e d in c o m p u t i n g t h e w a g e t r e n d s : E a c h o f t h e s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s w ith in a n o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p w a s a s s i g n e d a w e i g h t b a s e d on i t s p r o p o r t i o n a t e e m p l o y m e n t O ffice c le r ic a l (m en and w om en): B ook keep in g-m achin e operators, class B C lerk s, accou n tin g, classes A and B C lerks, file , classes A, B, and C C lerk s, order C lerk s, payroll C om p tom eter operators Keypunch operators, classes A and B O ffice boys and girls T a b le 2. O ffice cle r ic a l (m en and women)— Continued Secretaries Stenographers, general Stenographers, senior Switchboard operators, classes A and B T ab u latin g-m ach in e operators, class B T ypists, classes A and B S k ille d m aintenance (m en): C arpe nters E lectrician s M achinists M echanics M echanics (au tom otive) Painters Pipefitters T o o l and die makers U nskilled plant (m en): Janitors, porters, and clean ers Laborers, m aterial handling Industrial nurses (m en and wom en): Nurses, industrial (registered) Indexes o f Standard Weekly Salaries and S traigh t-T im e Hourly Earnings for S elec ted O ccupation al Groups in Birm ingham (Jefferson County), A la. , April 1968 and April 1967, and Percents o f Change ^ for S elec ted Periods Indexes (April 1961=100) Percents o f change * Industry and o ccu p atio n al group April 1968 April 1967 April 1967 to April 1968 April 1966 to April 1967 April 1965 to April 1966 April 1964 to April 1965 A ll industries: O ffice c le ric a l (m en and w o m e n )------Industrial nurses (m en and w o m e n )----S k illed m ain ten ance ( m e n ) --------------U nskilled plant (m e n )----------------------- 124.6 1 2 3.0 121. 7 124. 1 119. 112. 115. 115. 1 5 3 8 4 .6 9 .3 5 .6 7. 1 3. 8 1. 9 2. 0 1 .5 4 .4 3. 9 4 .3 4 .4 2 .0 2 .0 —. 2 2. 7 M anufacturing: O ffice cle ric al (m en and w o m e n )------Industrial nurses (m en and w o m e n )----S k illed m ain ten ance (m en)---------------U nskilled plant (m e n )----------------------- 116. 7 121. 2 120.6 121. 2 111. 109. 114. 115. 6 8 2 2 4. 5 1 0 .4 5 .6 5. 2 2 .0 1. 4 1 .6 3. 1 4. 3. 4. 1. . 1. —•. 3. 1 All changes are in creases unless otherwise indicated. 9 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 April 1963 to April 1964 April 1962 to April 1963 April 1961 to April 1962 April 1960 to April 1961 1. 5 .5 2 .6 1 .2 2. 7 .5 . 7 1 .3 3 .4 3. 1 5. 1 3 .8 2 .6 1 .6 3 .2 1 .5 — 3 — 5 2. 3 1 .4 1 .9 — 5 .4 2. 1 2. 3 4 .0 5 .6 2. 7 2. 7 1 .5 3 .0 .2 4 F o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s a n d i n d u s t r i a l n u r s e s , the w a g e t r e n d s r e l a t e to r e g u l a r w e e k l y s a l a r i e s f o r the n o r m a l w o r k w e e k , e x c l u s i v e of e a r n i n g s f o r o v e r t i m e . F o r plan t w o r k e r g r o u p s , they m e a s u r e c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , e x c l u d i n g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e a n d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , an d l a t e s h i f t s . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s a r e b a s e d on d a t a f o r s e l e c t e d k e y o c c u p a t i o n s a n d i n c l u d e m o s t of the n u m e r i c a l l y i m p o r t a n t j o b s w it h in each group. L im itatio n s of D a t a T h e i n d e x e s a n d p e r c e n t a g e s of c h a n g e , a s m e a s u r e s of c h a n g e in a r e a a v e r a g e s , a r e i n f l u e n c e d b y: (1) g e n e r a l s a l a r y an d w a g e c h a n g e s , (Z) m e r i t o r o t h e r i n c r e a s e s in p a y r e c e i v e d b y i n d i v i d u a l w o r k e r s w h i l e in the s a m e j o b , an d (3) c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e w a g e s due to c h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e r e s u l t i n g f r o m l a b o r t u r n o v e r , f o r c e e x p a n s i o n s , f o r c e r e d u c t i o n s , an d c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n s of w o r k e r s e m p l o y e d b y e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w it h d i f f e r e n t p a y l e v e l s . C h a n g e s in the l a b o r f o r c e c a n c a u s e i n c r e a s e s o r d e c r e a s e s in the o c c u p a t i o n a l a v e r a g e s w ith o u t a c t u a l w a g e c h a n g e s . It i s c o n c e i v a b l e t h a t e v e n though a l l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in a n a r e a g a v e w a g e i n c r e a s e s , a v e r a g e w a g e s m a y have d e c lin e d b e c a u s e lo w e r - p a y in g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e n t e r e d the a r e a o r e x p a n d e d t h e i r w o r k f o r c e s . Sim ilarly , w ages m a y h a v e r e m a i n e d r e l a t i v e l y c o n s t a n t , y e t the a v e r a g e s f o r a n a r e a m a y have r is e n c o n sid e ra b ly b e c a u s e h ig h e r -p a y in g e s ta b lis h m e n t s e n t e r e d the a r e a . T h e u s e of c o n s t a n t e m p l o y m e n t w e i g h t s e l i m i n a t e s the e f f e c t of c h a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d in e a c h j o b i n c l u d e d in the d a t a . T h e p e r c e n t a g e s of c h a n g e r e f l e c t o n l y c h a n g e s in a v e r a g e p a y f o r s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r s . T h e y a r e n ot i n f l u e n c e d b y c h a n g e s in s t a n d a r d w o r k s c h e d u l e s , a s s u c h , o r b y p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e . W h e r e n e c e s s a r y , d a t a w e r e a d j u s t e d to r e m o v e f r o m the i n d e x e s a n d p e r c e n t a g e s of c h a n g e a n y s i g n i f i c a n t e f f e c t c a u s e d b y c h a n g e s in the s c o p e of the s u r v e y . 5 A. Occupational Earnings Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birmingham, A l a . , A pri l 1968) W eekly e arn in g s1 (standard) Sex, occupation, and industry division N um ber of workers A ve rage w eek ly h ou rs1 ( standard) M ean 2 M edian 2 Number of work er s receiving straight-time weekly earnings of — M iddle range 2 $ $ $ $ $ $ ( $ 55 60 65 75 70 80 85 Under $ and 55 under 60 65 - - 70 75 80 85 90 - - - - $ 90 $ $ 95 100 $ 105 $ 110 $ 115 $ $ 120 125 $ 130 $ 140 £ $ 150 160 170 and 95 100 105 3 110 115 120 125 130_ 140 150 160 3 3 2 1 3 l 2 3 1 2 8 6 2 29 21 8 37 33 4 4 3 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 2 - l - _ - - ~ - 27 13 14 14 5 5 5 12 5 7 7 8 2 6 6 1 1 - - 2 2 _ - - - - - 4 2 - _ _ _ - ~ 2 - 170 over MEN $ 134.50 138.50 126.00—147.50 141.00 145.00 13 6.0 0 -1 4 8 .5 0 120.50 122.50 1 0 2. 50 -1 37 .5 0 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A — MANUFACTURING -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 11A 79 35 39.5 39.5 40.0 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B — MANUFACTURING -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 67 32 35 40.0 40.0 40.0 91.00 92.00 90.00 93.50 93.00 95.50 7 8 . 0 0 - 99.00 8 1 . 0 0 - 98.50 7 7 . 0 0 - 99.50 CLERKS, ORDER -------------------------------MANUFACTURING -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------- 115 31 84 80 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 105.50 113.50 103.00 104.50 107.50 1 1 3 . CO 103.50 104.00 9 5 .0 0 - 1 1 5 . 0 0 9 5 .0 0 - 1 2 3 . 0 0 95.00-114.00 9 7 .5 0 - 1 1 4 . 5 0 OFFICE BOYS -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 71 52 39.5 39.5 73.50 72.50 68.50 68.00 64.0064.50- 80.00 77.00 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ------------------------------------------ 25 39.5 95.00 8 5 . CO BILLERS, MACHINE (B ILL IN G MACHINE) ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 39 30 40.0 40.0 75.00 72.50 76.00 71.00 BILLERS, MACHINE (BOOKKEEPING MACHINE) ---------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 37 25 39.0 40.0 80.00 77.50 84.00 82.50 6 6 . 0 0 - 90.50 6 3 . 5 0 - 92.00 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS CLASS A -----------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------- 53 43 40.0 40.5 96.00 93.50 9 6 . CO 9 5 . CO 8 4 .5 0 - 1 0 1 . 0 0 8 3 . 5 0 - 99.00 BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS CLASS B -----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ---------- --------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------FINANCE 3---------------------------------- 153 35 118 46 38 39.0 40.0 39.0 40.0 37.5 77.00 85.00 74.50 79.00 73.50 73.50 7 9 . CO 7 3 . CO 7 8 . CO 72.50 6 8 . 5 0 - 83.00 7 1 . 5 0 - 1 0 3 .0 0 6 7 . 0 0 - 81.50 7 1 . 5 0 - 88.00 6 9 . 0 0 - 80.50 8 42 7 35 11 17 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT I E S 4--------------- 185 58 127 49 40.0 40.0 39.5 39.5 104.50 L11.00 105.50 L06•00 104.50 L26.50 127.50 8 8 .5 0 - 1 2 6 . 0 0 9 5 .0 0 - 1 2 9 . 0 0 8 7 .5 0 - 1 2 0 .0 0 110. 00 -1 42 .0 0 _ - - - - - - - - - CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B MANUFACTURING ------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------FINANCE3--------------------------------- 634 187 447 67 45 125 39.0 40.0 38.5 40.0 38.5 38.0 83.00 85.50 82.00 87.00 75.50 73.50 8 3 . CO 86.50 8 1 . CO 85.00 78.50 72.00 7 2 . 0 0 - 92.00 7 7 .0 0 - 92.00 7 0 . 0 0 - 92.00 7 6 .5 0 - 1 0 1 .0 0 6 8 . 0 0 - 85.00 6 6 . 5 0 - 80.00 _ - 2 18 CLERKS, FIL E, CLASS A -------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------FINANCE3--------------------------------- 77 65 49 39.0 38.5 38.5 74.00 73.00 70.50 7 1 . CO 7 1 . CO 6 9 . CO 66.5067.0066.00- - - - - - - _ _ 3 1 - - - - 3 _ _ 2 - - - - - - - “ 2 2 20 13 21 19 7 4 .5 0 - 1 1 9 . 0 0 - - - 68.0067.00- ~ “ 2 2 - 2 - - 4 - 6 2 4 - 3 9 9 - 18 7 11 1 1 - - 17 8 9 9 7 7 7 20 4 - - 7 2 5 - 1 9 6 3 2 _ - 2 ~ - 6 6 6 _ - 2 2 2 6 5 5 2 5 4 4 1 3 3 - 7 - 6 1 2 13 13 2 2 13 12 4 4 3 1 6 2 4 - 3 2 2 20 20 4 4 - _ - ~ ~ ” 1 1 - - 1 1 ' * 1 - - 2 - 3 2 1 _ _ “ - ~ ~ 3 - 6 6 - _ ~ - - - . . _ WOMEN See footnotes at end of table. L07.50 80.00 77.50 77.50 75.50 74.00 _ _ ~ — 9 9 _ _ _ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ 20 - - 25 7 18 2 - 2 - - 3 3 _ 2 " 9 2 7 2 9 9 9 9 4 4 6 4 . . 1 1 - ' 20 6 3 35 - - - - 20 - - 35 4 6 4 13 8 7 5 5 _ ~ 13 5 8 7 16 14 3 1 24 3 21 4 7 - - 2 2 7 5 4 4 7 6 - 2 “ “ 1 1 1 10 10 - 49 9 40 “ 9 6 3 “ 10 9 1 “ 15 5 10 1 74 28 46 15 6 16 70 18 52 7 10 9 74 44 30 8 7 11 137 37 100 1 3 6 14 7 7 6 21 6 30 79 25 54 8 5 27 22 22 22 18 18 11 12 12 6 5 3 3 3 - 70 10 60 - _ - - - 1 1 2 6 5 _ - - - 4 4 - 24 5 19 11 6 6 7 1 6 4 6 2 4 3 15 9 6 6 9 6 3 2 3 2 1 4 3 1 - - 23 1 22 5 - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - ~ ' 7 10 2 - 20 _ 6 ‘ 2 3 2 1 1 - ~ - 5 16 11 1 2 1 2 - - - 2 9 6 3 3 22 5 17 17 2 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - ~ 1 1 “ - - - “ ~ ~ - - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a , , A p r i l 1968) W eekly e arn in g s1 (standard) A ve rage w eekly h ou rs1 fstandard) Sex, occupation, and industry division WOMEN - * Under * 55 M iddle range 2 Number of wo rkers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— $ $ $ 70 55 75 * 80 90 * 95 $ 100 $ 105 $ 115 $ 120 $ 125 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 6 2 l 100 105 - 7 5 5 HQ H5 12C $ $ $ $ 130 140 150 160 170 - - - - and 125 130 140 150 160 1 7 7 - 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 — - - - - 170 over CONTINUED CLERKS, FI LE , CLASS B NONMANUFACTURING — FINANCE3----------------- 100 39.0 39.0 39.0 68.50 67.50 66.50 65.00 65.00 64.5 0 62.5062.5062.00- 70.00 69.50 69.00 6 6 6 71 61 47 41 39 30 20 18 10 1 1 - 7 6 5 4 2 1 CLERKS, FI LE , CLASS C NONMANUFACTURING FINANCE 3----------------- 161 151 121 38.5 38.5 38.5 66.0 0 65.50 65.50 6 6 . CO 6 5.50 65.50 61.5061.0061.00- 69.00 68.50 68.50 30 30 26 41 39 28 65 64 55 11 9 8 10 7 2 2 2 2 2 CLERKS, ORDER -----------NONMANUFACTURING ■ WHOLESALE TRADE 50 41 36 39.5 39.5 40.0 90.50 92.50 97.50 8 6 .0 0 9C.C0 92.50 7 5 .0 0 - 1 0 4 . 0 0 77.50115.00 8 2.50126.00 4 4 - 3 3 2 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 - 10 8 8 3 3 3 5 5 5 CLERKS, PAYROLL -----MANUFACTURING ---NONMANUFACTURING 207 133 74 39.5 39.5 39.0 88.50 89.00 86.50 8 4 . CO 8 4 . CO 84.50 78.0078.007 9 .0 0 - 96.50 98.50 95.50 2 2 4 4 6 4 2 13 9 4 42 33 9 44 26 18 28 22 6 13 3 10 14 5 9 9 8 1 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS NONMANUFACTURING — WHOLESALE TRADE • RETAIL TRADE ------ 137 105 32 62 38.5 38.0 40.0 37.0 77.50 74.00 78.00 71.00 78.50 73.50 7 5 . CO 7 2 . CO 70.0066.5071.5061.50- 90.00 83.00 84.50 81.00 13 13 10 10 1 9 12 12 4 4 29 27 12 13 7 7 6 24 19 9 10 8 6 1 4 25 6 5 - 3 3 2 5 l 1 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------------FINANCE 3----------------------------- 124 41 83 64 39.5 40.0 39.0 38.5 86.50 90.50 84.50 82.00 84.50 90.00 8 4 . CO 82.50 7 8 . SO TS.007 9 .5 0 76.50- 93.50 99.50 91.50 1 1 1 5 5 5 13 5 8 8 18 10 8 7 29 4 25 22 13 2 11 10 22 6 16 6 6 5 1 1 5 1 4 3 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B MANUFACTURING --------------------NONMANUFACTURING -------------PUBLIC U T IL I T I E S 4---------FINANCF 3----------------------------- 385 116 269 82 152 39.5 40.0 39.0 39.0 39.5 78.50 85.50 75.00 84.00 70.00 72.50 90.50 7 0 . CO 79.50 68.00 6 6 . 0 0 - 90.50 7 0 .0 0 - 1 0 0 . 5 0 6 5 . 0 0 - 81.50 6 8 . 5 0 - 94.50 6 3 . 5 0 - 73.50 87 18 69 24 40 59 16 43 6 30 21 22 6 16 5 4 19 5 14 1 7 41 17 24 16 5 17 12 5 5 34 29 5 5 - 2 73 12 61 5 52 33 33 38.5 38.5 6 8 .0 0 6 8 . CO 6 8 . CO 65.5065.50- 2 2 5 5 17 17 4 4 4 4 10 2 8 20 2 18 1 2 8 7 26 13 13 2 47 6 41 4 10 9 18 56 4 52 12 3 6 31 47 10 37 9 7 1 19 47 13 34 12 7 2 13 68 29 39 7 4 6 22 53 13 40 4 2 2 30 1 1 5 3 i l OFFICE GIRLS ------------NONMANUFACTURING 157 136 6 8 .0 0 SECRETARIES-------------------MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING — PUBLIC U T IL I T I E S 4 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE -------FINANCE3------------------ 666 224 442 125 48 47 205 39.5 108.00 105.50 40.0 113.00 115.50 39.5 105.00 101.50 39.5 119.00 118.50 40.0 97.00 98.50 83.50 39.0 85.00 39.0 101.00 100.50 SECRETARIES, CLASS A NONMANUFACTURING ---- 57 39 AO .0 119.00 1 2 5 . CO AO . 0 113.00 1 2 0 . CO SECRETARIES, CLASS B MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING ---PURLIC U TI L I T I E S 4 FINANCF3------------------- 206 70 136 43 54 39.5 40.0 39.5 39.5 39.5 115.50 115.00 115.50 117.50 116.00 1 1 4 . CO 137.00 143.50 108.00 108.50 SECRETARIES, CLASS C MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING ---FINANCF 3------------------- 192 48 144 92 39.0 40.0 39.0 39.0 106.50 115.00 104.00 99.50 See footnotes at end of table, $ 110 and under 13 88 .0 0 72.00 72.00 9 0 . 0 0 - 122.00 1 0 1 .0 0 -1 2 5 .0 0 87.50120.00 96 .0 0 142.50 8 5.50111.00 74.00100.00 87.00112.50 9 2 .5 0 82.50- - 137.50 138.50 100.50129.50 1 0 6 .0 0 -1 2 8 .0 0 9 7 .5 0 - 1 3 4 . 5 0 1 2 1 .0 0 -1 5 5 .0 0 100.50121.00 105.50 9 4 . 0 0 - 117.50 115.50 1 0 5 .0 0 -1 2 4 .0 0 102.50 91.00114.50 107.50 1 0 0 . CO 8 9 . 0 0 - 3 - 3 - 6 - 6 1 - - 2 2 4 4 1 1 - 7 7 - - 21 7 12 - 4 7 - 1 - 1 1 - 4 4 11 8 3 - 2 7 1 7 5 1 1 2 2 16 - 16 1 2 5 - 5 5 9 5 4 2 - 2 10 9 1 - 1 - 1 1 - _ _ - - - - - - _ - - - - - - - - - 2 2 2 3 2 5 2 3 1 1 1 7 7 1 5 4 4 2 l 11 5 6 1 3 17 4 13 1 9 15 5 10 18 18 16 21 2 19 11 13 2 11 8 28 8 20 13 2 - - _ 8 _ _ - - - - - - - - - - 8 8 - - - - 36 18 18 7 7 1 3 65 38 27 6 1 15 49 21 28 14 29 14 15 2 4 1 8 33 19 14 8 - 43 17 26 15 - - - 5 8 20 3 17 15 - 1 1 7 4 7 2 9 5 4 2 1 1 19 3 16 14 - - 1 13 8 20 7 13 2 6 24 11 13 4 9 9 5 4 1 3 9 5 4 3 1 18 7 11 8 2 29 6 23 20 10 6 4 - 22 9 13 9 8 6 3 3 9 5 4 14 5 3 2 12 4 - _ 21 10 11 1 3 - - - - - - - - - 5 1 4 1 1 - 6 1 5 5 - 4 3 3 2 - 1 1 - - 3 - 3 3 - 7 Table A-l. Office Occupations—Men and Women— Continued ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r i l 1 968) Number of work ers receiving straight-time weekly earnings of— Sex, occupation, and industry division WOMEN - Number of workers $ weekly hours1 (standard) Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 140 150 160 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 140 150 160 170 over - - 4 4 2 10 2 8 4 5 2 3 2 13 5 8 2 4 22 6 16 3 11 29 4 25 10 10 21 8 13 6 7 22 6 16 7 2 17 15 2 1 - 6 2 4 1 2 5 2 3 2 18 18 - 8 8 4 4 7 1 6 4 3 2 1 1 7 6 1 1 - - _ - _ - 72 2 70 34 9 26 92 20 72 25 2 42 72 11 61 12 6 37 71 24 47 6 15 22 74 32 42 8 10 17 67 17 50 30 4 12 45 21 24 10 5 6 29 19 10 6 1 1 16 11 5 4 35 21 14 11 19 13 6 5 14 2 12 11 4 1 3 3 7 1 6 6 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 55 Under and $ under 55 170 and CONTINUED SECRETARIES5 - CONTINUED SECRETARIES. CLASS D ------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------PUBLIC U TI LI T IE S4 -------------------------FINANCE1 34 2 6 5 --------------------------------------------- 197 79 118 38 52 $ $ 39.5 97.00 9 4 . CO 40.0 104.00 102.50 39.0 92.00 8 9 . CO 40.0 97.50 94.00 39.0 90.00 87.00 $ $ 8 4 . 0 0 - 109.50 9 0 . 5 0 - 117.00 8 2 .0 0 - 99.00 8 7 . 5 0 - 106.00 8 0 . 5 0 - 95.00 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL -----------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 4--------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------------------FINANCE3--------------------------------------------- 647 196 451 186 60 166 39.3 40.0 39.0 39.0 40.0 39.0 84.00 92.50 79.50 86.00 82.00 77.00 7 3 . 5 0 - 96.00 8 3 . 0 0 - 105.50 7 1 . DO- 92.00 6 9 . 50- 100.00 6 9 . 0 0 - 88.00 7 1 . 5 0 - 84.00 - - 30 1 29 15 8 2 - - 1 - - “ - STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR --------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------FINANCE3--------------------------------------------- 240 90 150 33 40.0 106.50 102.50 40.0 100.50 100.00 39.5 110.00 106.00 39.0 86.00 91.00 9 0 . 5 0 - 124.00 91.00-111.50 8 8 . 5 0 - 130.00 8 2 . 0 0 - 105.50 _ - 1 1 - 2 2 - 1 1 1 7 7 2 27 5 22 13 20 13 7 4 33 23 10 4 17 4 13 - 24 13 11 1 13 5 8 7 18 17 1 - 9 3 6 - 11 1 10 21 6 15 1 9 9 - 27 27 - _ - _ - - _ - - - - - - 1 3 1 1 5 3 2 4 5 1 - - - - - - - - 15 15 1 22 22 14 13 13 6 9 9 - 10 10 3 _ - 4 4 1 2 2 l - _ - 1 1 - 6 6 - - - - - - - 4 4 _ - 11 6 5 24 14 10 27 17 10 13 4 9 19 11 8 5 3 2 2 2 ~ 9 8 1 1 1 1 1 “ 1 1 3 3 ~ _ ~ _ ~ _ “ _ - - - _ — ~ 3 3 _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86.50 94.00 83.00 88.00 80.00 78.50 - - - o o 93.00 94.00 8 6 . GO- 105.00 42.0 42.0 39.0 62.50 62.50 63.50 62.50 62.50 63.00 54.DO- 72.50 5 4 . 00- 72.50 6 0 . 0 0 - 68.00 630 30 7 120 69 51 39.5 40.0 39.5 81.50 84.00 78.50 79.00 79.50 78.50 7 3 . GO- 88.00 74.DO- 91.00 7 2 . 00- 85.50 ~ TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B -----------------------------------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 43 32 39.0 38.5 87.50 87.50 87.00 89.00 80.508 2 .5 0 - 93.50 94.00 _ _ _ “ “ ~ 3 3 1 1 6 1 9 7 8 6 9 9 2 2 TRANSCRIB1NG-MACHINE OPERATORS, GENERAL -----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 97 31 66 39.0 40.0 38.5 76.50 82.50 74.00 75.00 85.50 7 3.50 7 1 .5 0 7 7 .0 0 70.50- 84.50 89.00 77.50 - 4 4 6 6 2 2 37 5 32 20 8 12 5 2 3 16 12 4 3 3 4 4 TYPISTS, CLASS A ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 64 45 39.0 38.5 83.00 76.00 79.00 74.50 7 0 .5 0 68.50- 94.00 83.00 - - 3 3 12 12 11 9 8 6 7 7 4 4 5 4 2 6 - 1 5 - - - - - - - TYPISTS, CLASS B ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 4--------------------------FINANCE3--------------------------------------------- 366 89 277 29 163 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.5 38.5 72.00 78.00 70.50 76.00 69.50 70.50 74.00 6 9 . CO 72.50 69.00 6 6 .5 0 7 1 .0 0 6 6 .0 0 65.5066.50- 75.00 85.00 74.00 82.50 72.50 - 48 7 41 7 18 114 8 106 6 81 104 40 64 4 44 35 35 5 14 26 13 13 1 6 8 4 A 1 10 8 2 2 - 3 1 2 2 8 8 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS A -------- 26 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------- 112 112 33 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTICNISTSMANUFAC T U R I N G ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- _ _ 9 9 - _ ~ 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), and the earnings c o r r e spond to these weekly hours. 2 The mean is computed for each job by totaling the earnings of all wo rk er s and dividing by the number of w o rk e rs . The median designates position— half of the employees surveyed receive more than the rate shown; half receive le ss than the rate shown. The middle range is defined by 2 rates of pay; a fourth of the w or ke rs earn less than the lower of these rates and a fourth earn more than the higher rate. 3 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 4 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 5 May include wo rk er s other than those presented separately. 6 W ork ers w ere distributed as follows: 18 at $30 to $35; 5 at $45 to $50; and 7 at $50 to $55. 8 Table A-la. Office Occupations—Manufacturing—Jefferson County'—Men and Women (Av era ge straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in manufacturing, Birmingham (Jefferson County), A l a . , Apr il 1968) Sex and occupation Number of wor ke rs Ave rage weekly earnings 1 (standard) Number of workers Sex and occupation Average weekly earnings 1 (standard) Women— Continued Men Clp.rks, accounting, class A $ 141.50 Cler ks, payroll . ..... 1 10 91.50 C lerks, order 31 113.50 Keypunch operators, class A __________________ 41 90.50 Keypunch operators, class B __________________ 116 85.50 Secretaries 2 221 113.00 ...... ............. Women Ronkkppping-ma chine operators, class B Cl erks, accounting, class A _____________________ Clftrks, accounting, class B 35 85. 00 Secretaries 1 2----Continued Secretaries, class D . A ve rag e weekly earnings 1 ( standard) 79 $ 104.00 Stenographers, general 188 95.00 Stenographers, senior . 85 101.00 Switchboard operator-receptionists 69 84. 00 82. 50 78.00 48 109.00 Secretaries, class B _________________________ 67 116.00 Tra nsc ribing-machine operators, g e n e r a l ___ 31 179 86. 00 Secretaries, class C _________________________ 48 115.00 Typists, class B 89 1 Earnings relate to regular straight-time weekly salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. 2 May include wor ke rs other than those presented separately. Number of wo rk er s Women----Continued 76 ...... Sex and occupation 9 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations—Men and Women ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r i l 1 968) Weekly earnings1 (standard) Number Sex, occupation, and industry division woikers Number of wo rk er s receiving straight -time weekly earnings of— $ weekly hours1 (standard) 60 Mean2 Median 2 Middle range 2 I 5 arid under 65 I 1 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S 200 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 .. 120 130 14Q 150 16.0 170 180 190 200 over 2 1 3 1 9 9 10 10 13 10 19 16 13 11 54 46 14 13 5 2 6 2 1 _ and MEN DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A MANUFACTURING — 142 119 40.0 40.0 $ $ $ $ 171.00 1 8 0 . CO 15 9.0 0 -1 8 4 .0 0 171.00 180.00 15 9 .0 0 -1 8 3 .5 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 170 138 40.0 40.0 142.50 143.00 13 2 .0 0 -1 5 6 .0 0 141.50 142.50 13 3 .0 0 -1 5 4 .0 0 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C MANUFACTURING - 164 137 40.0 40.0 103.50 104.50 102.50 105.00 9 3 . 0 0 - 1 1 8 .0 0 9 0 .0 0 - 1 1 7 . 0 0 - 67 40.0 95.00 8 5 .0 0 - 1 0 3 . 5 0 4 39 32 40.0 40.0 DRAFTSMEN-TRACERS • 94.00 _ 10 10 4 15 15 - 2 2 7 5 5 6 4 4 2 1 1 19 15 30 25 41 38 34 31 18 13 5 2 6 3 1 - 1 1 - - - - ~ ~ ~ “ ~ ~ ~ ~ " ' “ 4 - 10 8 33 25 23 23 5 5 17 17 13 12 12 8 8 15 3 5 3 3 “ 4 ~ 1 11 10 8 6 7 6 " 4 4 " 6 5 ' 1 ~ of pay for 12 10 9 WOMEN NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ----MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 117.50 116.00 1 0 8 .5 0 -1 2 8 .5 0 117.00 115.50 1 0 8 .5 0 -1 2 7 .0 0 1 " 1 Standard hours reflect the workwee k for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive spond to these weekly hours. 2 F o r definition of ter m s, see footnote 2, table A - l . overtime at regulai Table A-2a. Professional and Technical Occupations—Manufacturing— Jefferson County—Men and Women (Average straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in manufacturing, Birmingham (Jefferson County), A l a . , A pr i l 1968) Number of work er s Sex and occupation Aver ag e weekly earnings 1 ( standard) Men Draftsmen, class A _____________________ _ Draftsmen, class B _ ______________ ____________ ______ __________________________ Draftsmen, class C _____________________________ _________________ 119 $ 171.00 138 141.50 137 102.50 32 117.00 Women Nurse s, industrial (registered) _ _ ____________________________ 1 Earnings relate to regular straight-time weekly salaries that are paid for standard workweeks. and/or premium rates), " and the earnings c o r r e - 10 Table A-3. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Men and Women Combined ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e w e e k ly h o u r s a n d e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r i l 1968) A ve rage N um ber of workers W eekly earn in gs 1 (standard) (standard) W eekly OFFICE OCCUPATIONS A verage Occupation and industry division OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - N um ber of w orkers W eekly hours 1 (standard) W eekly earnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED AO.O AO.O KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS A -------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 12A A1 83 6A 39.5 AO.O 39.0 38.5 $ 86.50 90.50 8A.50 82.00 37 25 39.0 AO.O 80.00 77.50 53 A3 AO.O AO.5 96.00 93.50 KEYPUNCH OPERATORS, CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC UTILIT IES 3 -------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 385 116 269 82 152 39.5 AO.O 39.0 39.0 39.5 78.50 85.50 75.00 8A.00 70.00 OFFICE BOYS AND GIRLS---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 3-------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 10A 85 32 36 39.0 39.0 39.5 38.5 SECRETARIES4----------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 3-------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------RETAIL TRADE ---------------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 668 225 AA3 126 A8 A7 205 39.5 AO.O 39.5 39.5 AO.O 39.0 39.0 SECRETARIES, CLASS A -----------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 57 39 SECRETARIES, CLASS B -----------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC UT IL IT IE S 3-------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 206 70 136 A3 5A 39.5 AO.O 39.5 39.5 39.5 SECRETARIES, CLASS C -----------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING -----------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 193 A8 1A5 92 39.0 107.00 AO.O 115.00 39.0 10A.00 39.0 99.50 secretaries, c l a s s d -----------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3-------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 197 79 118 38 52 39.5 97.00 AO.O 10A.00 39.0 92.00 AO.O 97.50 90.00 39.0 STENOGRAPHERS, GENERAL -----------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING --------- -------------------PUBLIC UT I LI T I E S 3-------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 656 200 A56 187 60 170 39.5 AO.O 39.0 39.0 AO.O 39.0 STENOGRAPHERS, SENIOR -------------------------MANUFACTURING-----------------------------------NCNMANUFACTURING -----------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 2A1 91 150 33 AO.O 106.50 AO.O 101.00 39.5 110.00 91.00 39.0 AO 31 BILLERS, MACHINE (BOOKKEEPING MACHINE) --------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A ----------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------WHOLESALE T R A D E -----------------r---------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 153 35 118 A6 38 39.0 AO.O 39.0 AO.O 37.5 77.00 85.00 7A.50 79.00 73.50 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS A -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 3-------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 299 137 162 61 33 27 AO.O 39.5 AO.O 39.5 AO.O 39.5 118.00 128.00 109.00 128.50 103.50 101.50 CLERKS, ACCOUNTING, CLASS B -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------RETAIL TRADE ---------------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 701 219 A82 82 A5 129 39.0 AO.O 38.5 AO.O 38.5 38.0 83.50 86.00 82.50 88.50 75.50 73.50 CLERKS, FI LE , CLASS A -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 82 70 53 39.0 38.5 38.5 75.00 7A.50 71.00 CLERKS, FI LE , CLASS B -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 168 1A7 109 39.0 39.0 39.0 68.50 68.00 66.50 CLERKS, FIL E, CLASS C -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 162 152 121 38.5 38.5 38.5 66.00 65.50 65.50 CLERKS, ORDER ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------- 165 AO 125 116 AO.O 101.00 AO.O 106.00 AO.O 99.50 AO.O 102.50 CLERKS, PAYROLL -------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S 3-------------------------- 231 155 76 26 39.5 AO.O 39.0 39.0 93.00 96.00 88.00 91.00 COMPTOMETER OPERATORS -------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------RETAIL TRADE ---------------------------------- 137 105 32 62 38.5 38.0 AO.O 37.0 . 77.50 7A.00 78.00 71.00 SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS A -------- A ve rage Occupation and industry division OFFICE OCCUPATIONS - $ 76.00 73.50 BILLERS, MACHINE (BI LLING MACHINE) --------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ 26 N um ber of w orkers W eekly e arnings 1 (standard) CONTINUED 112 112 33 A2.0 A2.0 39.0 62 .50 62.5 0 63.50 SWITCHBOARD CPERATOR-RECEPTICNISTSMANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 120 69 51 39.5 AO.O 39.5 81.50 8A.00 78.50 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS A ----------------------------------------------------- 25 39.5 111.50 72.00 71.00 76.00 67.00 TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CLASS B ----------------------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------FINANCE2---------------------------- --------------- -- 68 55 28 39.0 39.0 38.5 90.0 0 89.50 92.00 108.00 113.00 105.00 119.50 98.50 85.00 101.00 TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATORS, GFNERAL ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 97 31 66 39.0 AO.O 38.5 76.50 82.50 7A.00 TYPISTS, CLASS A ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 6A A5 39.0 38.5 83.00 76.00 TYPISTS, CLASS B ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 3-------------------------FINANCE2--------------------------------------------- 373 89 28A 36 163 39.0 39.5 39.0 39.5 38.5 72.50 78.00 71.00 79.00 69 .50 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS A --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 1A2 119 AO.O 171.00 AO.O 171.00 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS B --------------------------------MANUFACTURING--------- ---------------------------NONMANUFACTURING------------------------ ------ 179 1AO 39 AO.O 1A2.00 AO.O 1A1.50 AO.O 1AA.00 DRAFTSMEN, CLASS C --------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 165 137 28 AO.O 10A.00 AO.O 102.50 AO.O 110.50 DRAFTSMEN-TRACERS ----------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 102 3A 39.0 AO.O NURSES, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) ----MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 39 32 115.50 115.50 116.00 137.00 108.00 86.50 9A.50 83.50 88.00 80.00 78.50 PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS 89.50 90.50 93.00 1 Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime at regular and/or premium rates), correspond to these weekly hours. 2 Finance, insurance, and real estate. 3 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. 4 May include wor ke rs other than those presented separately. W eekly hours 1 (standard ) SWITCHBOARD OPERATORS, CLASS B -------NONMANUFACTURING---------------------------— RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------- AO.O 119.00 AO.O 113.00 -p> o o Occupation and industry division AO.O 117.50 AO.O 117.00 and the earnings 11 Table A-3a. Office, Professional, and Technical Occupations—Manufacturing—Jefferson County^Men and Women Combined (Av erage straight-time weekly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis in manufacturing, Birmingham (Jefferson County), A l a . , A pr i l 1968) Occupation Number of worke rs Av erage weekly earnings 1 (standard) 35 $ 85. 00 Clerks, accounting, class A 124 129.00 Cl erk s, accounting, class B 202 87. 00 40 106.00 Clerk s, or d e r _______________________________________ Clerk s, p a y r o l l _____________________________________ Avera ge weekly earn ing s1 (standard) Office occupations— Continued Office occupations Rnnkkppping-marViinp operators, class B Number of work ers Occupation 132 $ 113.00 Secretaries, class B 67 116.00 Secretaries, class C 48 115.00 Typists, class B 89 $ 78.00 Pro f essio nal and technical occupations 79 104. 00 Draftsmen, class A 119 171.00 Stenographers, general 192 95. 50 Draftsmen, class B 140 141.50 Stenographers, senior 86 101.00 Draftsmen, class C _ 137 102. 50 Secretaries, class D .................. ... 99. 00 Keypunch op erators, class A ____________________ 41 90. 50 Switchboard operator-receptionists 69 84. 00 Draft smen-t racers Keypunch op erators, class B ____________________ 116 85. 50 Transcribing-machine operators, general ___ 31 82. 50 Nu rs e s, industrial 1 Earnings relate to regular straight-time weekly salaries that a re paid for standard workweeks. 2 May include wo rk e rs other than those presented separately. Average Number weekly of earnings1 work ers (standard) Office occupations— Continued 222 Secretaries 1 2 Occupation ( registered! 34 90. 50 32 117.00 12 Table A-4. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s s t u d ie d on a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r i l 1968) H ourly earnings Number of workers receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ * $ $ $ $ $ 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2 .9 0 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.5 0 3.6 0 Occupation and industry division 2.30 CARPENTERS, MAINTENANCE ----------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 150 142 3.52 3.54 3.46 3.46 3.413.41- ELECTRICIANS, MAINTENANCE — •-------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 736 716 3.90 3.90 3.99 3.98 3 . 5 6 - 4.32 3 . 5 6 - 4.32 ENGINEERS, STATIONARY --------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 107 86 3.51 3.57 3.46 3.48 3.293.41- 3.74 3.74 HELPERS, MAINTENANCE TRADES -------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 3--------------------- 499 452 47 41 2.95 2.98 2.67 2.80 3.13 3.18 2.73 2.77 2.592.722.472.53- 3.26 3.27 3.07 3.09 MACHINE-TOOL OPERATORS, TOOLROOM MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 135 135 3.40 3.40 3.33 3.33 2.552.55- 3.76 3.76 MACHINISTS, MAINTENANCE ----------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------- 542 542 3.87 3.87 3.78 3.78 3.543.54- 4.34 4.34 MECHANICS, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) --------------MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING ---PUBLIC UTIL ITIES 3WH0LESALE TRADE — 433 170 263 213 36 3.31 3.35 3.28 3.35 2.94 3.51 3.46 3.53 3.60 3.01 2.872.722.892.922.45- 3.73 3.95 3.69 3.71 3.29 28 10 18 18 MECHANICS, MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURING ---------NONMANUFACTURING ---- 958 908 50 3.60 3.63 3.08 3.57 3.58 3.25 3 . 4 2 - 4.05 3 . 4 4 - 4.08 2 . 5 7 - 3.62 5 5 MILLWRIGHTS -------MANUFACTURING 207 207 3.75 3.75 3.62 3.62 3 .4 4 — 4. 19 3 . 4 4 - 4.19 OILERS ------------------MANUFACTURING 29 29 2.86 2.86 2.93 2.93 2.562.56- 3.10 3.10 6 PAINTERS, MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURING -------- 45 40 3.47 3.48 3.42 3.44 3.253.26- 3.93 3.93 3 3 TOOL AND I) IF MAKERS MANUFACTURING ---- 87 87 3.49 3.49 3.48 3.48 3.353.35- 3.69 3.69 1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, 2 For definition of terms, see footnote 2, table A - l . 3 Transportati on, communication, and other public utilities. 2. 70 2 .8 0 2 .9 0 3. 00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.64 3.64 1 1 11 12 12 13 13 11 1 1 19 13 20 77 71 6 6 20 20 20 24 15 9 9 6 holidays, $ $ $ $ $ $ 3.8 0 3 .9 0 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 4 .2 0 4 .3 0 4 .4 0 3.8 0 3.90 4 .0 0 4 .1 0 4 .2 0 4 .3 0 4 .4 0 over under 2.40 2.50 2. 60 $ $ 3.70 5 5 43 43 13 13 52 43 25 19 6 27 25 2 2 2 72 72 16 16 25 41 41 21 47 38 9 161 161 3.7 0 1 1 78 77 34 31 12 78 78 118 117 35 32 42 42 12 12 12 12 15 14 21 20 11 11 160 160 52 52 45 45 2 12 5 5 12 13 13 12 6 6 6 - 22 17 5 5 23 5 18 21 19 2 5 5 5 4 1 1 33 3 30 28 2 11 11 - 6 6 9 9 12 22 22 10 10 63 63 37 37 24 15 9 5 3 41 13 28 27 - 58 6 52 52 - 50 4 46 41 5 139 137 2 88 80 8 56 51 5 18 18 5 6 16 1 15 9 2 13 11 2 2 - 9 6 3 12 11 1 5 4 1 27 26 l 26 17 9 181 181 - 24 24 - 63 63 13 13 24 24 12 12 6 6 - 9 9 12 11 8 8 39 39 22 22 212 212 21 21 12 12 - 31 28 3 3 - 7 7 - 4 4 - 38 38 - 39 39 - 152 152 - 23 23 - 12 12 50 50 1 1 - 3 3 7 - 12 12 13 13 - - - - 4 - 5 4 - 4 4 15 15 4 4 16 16 13 13 20 20 18 18 2 2 4 4 - - - 43 43 - - 3 3 4 4 5 4 16 16 14 14 68 68 19 9 10 8 1 1 1 and late shifts. 13 13 12 28 28 22 22 3.40 3.50 3.6 0 1 - Table A-4a. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations—Manufacturing—Jefferson County (Average straight-time hourly earnings for men in selected occupations studied on an area basis in manufacturing, Birmingham (Jefferson County), A l a . , A pr il 1968) Occupation Electricians, maintenance Number of wo rk er s Avera ge hourly earnings 1 704 $ 3. 92 Mechanics, maintenance 86 3. 57 Millwriphts 448 2. 99 Oi le rs Machine-tool operators, to o l r o o m ______________ 135 3.40 Machinists, maintenance 526 3.92 Mechanics, automotive (maintenance)__________ 170 3. 35 Engineers, stationary. He lpers, maintenance trades Number of work ers Occupation 876 A ve rag e hourly earnings 1 $ 3. 68 207 3.75 . .. 123 2. 91 Painters, maintenance ________________________ 37 3.58 Tool and die makers __________________________ 87 3. 49 _ .... .... Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. .. .... ......... 14 Table A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r i l 1968) H ourly earnings M e an 3 M e d ia n 3 Number of worker: M iddle ran g e 3 $ $ 1.10 1.20 $ 1.30 $ 1.40 $ 1.50 Under and $ 1.10 under 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 597 153 444 $ 1.95 2.61 1.72 $ 1.68 2.81 1.66 $ $ 1 . 6 4 - 2.41 2 . 1 7 - 2.93 1 . 6 3 - 1.69 - GUARDS: MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 2.81- 3.14 - 2.36 104 2.88 2.87 WATCHMEN: MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 49 2.03 1.89 1.78- JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS ----MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 4-------------------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------FINANCE 5--------------------------------------------- 1,374 448 926 77 237 99 1.77 2.25 1.54 2.13 1.52 1.67 1.67 2.40 1.64 2.14 1.64 1.66 1 . 6 1 - 2.01 1 . 8 6 - 2.52 1 . 2 7 - 1.68 1 . 8 1 - 2.53 1 . 2 9 - 1.68 1 . 6 3 - 1.69 JANITORS, PORTERS, AND CLEANERS (WOMEN) ----------------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------FINANCE 5--------------------------------------------- 408 48 360 99 63 1.58 1.88 1.54 1.61 1.64 1.65 1.74 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.611.671.611 .6 3 1.63- LABORERS, MATERIAL HANDLING -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U TI LI T IE S4-------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------RETAIL TRADE ---------------------------------- 1,750 974 776 198 516 62 2.11 2.26 1.92 2.20 1.81 1.92 1.93 2.23 1.75 2.56 1.74 1.83 ORDER FILLFRS ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------- 406 42 364 298 1.96 2.85 1.85 1.76 PACKERS, SHIPPING ----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------- 265 58 34 RECEIVING CLERKS ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------RETAIL TRADE ---------------------------------- _ receiving straight-time hourly earnings of— S $ $ $ 2.00 2.20 2.40 2.60 $ 2 .80 2.20 2.40 3 $ 3.00 $ 3.20 $ 3.40 $ 3.6 0 $ $ $ $ 3.80 4.0 0 4 .2 0 4.40 $ 4.6 0 and 9 9 _ _ _ _ - ~ ~ - - - - - - 378 11 367 1 1.80 2.00 6 3 3 25 16 9 - - 2.60 2.80 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.8C 10 10 ~ - - - _ * - 26 10 - - - 20 11 9 9 7 2 30 5 25 21 18 3 62 46 16 27 26 5 3 1 12 46 1 4.2 0 4 .4 0 4.6 0 over _ _ - - - ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - 10 3 16 6 4 4 6 46 46 7 ~ 128 128 42 ~ 86 86 12 ~ 11 11 - - - 574 55 519 16 151 81 77 32 45 3 13 5 108 77 31 9 4 12 49 15 34 24 8 ~ 44 43 1 - 155 135 20 20 75 70 5 5 7 7 13 13 - 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 9 9 - 41 41 - 18 18 - _ - 2 2 _ - 5 5 4 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 . 7 1 - 2.39 1 . 8 4 - 2.49 1 . 6 8 - 2.11 1 . 6 6 - 2.72 1 . 6 8 - 1.79 1 . 6 8 - 2.26 - _ - _ - 1.83 2.75 1.81 1.73 1 . 6 7 - 2.30 2 . 5 8 - 3.08 1 . 6 6 - 1.99 1 .6 5 - 1.86 _ - _ - _ - - 2.34 1.85 1.76 2.59 1.86 1.73 1.781.691.65- 2.70 2.03 1.96 _ - - _ - 147 76 71 40 31 2.43 2.79 2.05 1.96 2.16 2.45 2.84 2.05 1.86 2.09 1 . 9 9 - 2.86 2 . 6 2 - 3.11 1 . 8 1 - 2.27 1 .7 C - 2.21 2 . 0 1 - 2.43 _ - * - SHIPPING CLERKS --------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 96 89 3.32 3.39 3.42 3.44 2.682.75- 4.01 4.04 _ _ _ - - - SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERKS --------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 115 101 3.25 3.37 3.23 3.28 2.812.84- 3.85 4.05 _ - _ - - - TRUCKDRIVFRS 6 ------------------------------------------MANUFACTURING -----------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING -----------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 4-------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ---------------------------RETAIL TRADE ---------------------------------- 2,205 640 1,565 768 527 158 2.47 2.43 2.49 2.89 2.11 1.88 2.35 2.34 2-36 2.62 1.96 1.78 1.861.8C1.892.351.691.63- 3.08 3.10 3.08 3.67 2.70 2.04 - 34 34 26 8 8 - See footnotes at end of table. 1.69 1.80 1.68 1.68 1.68 - - $ 1.80 o o GUARDS AND WATCHMEN -----------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------ $ $ 1.60 1.70 * o o Occupation1 and industry division N um ber of w orkers “ ~ ~ _ - 275 17 258 98 57 25 20 5 3 28 28 1 2 1 1 - _ - _ - _ - 417 158 259 78 160 21 294 46 248 241 7 241 187 54 7 35 12 6C 29 31 7 22 2 316 295 21 8 13 IOC 40 60 12 41 7 142 50 92 92 - 53 47 6 1 5 93 89 4 1 3 3 2 1 1 15 15 - 2 2 - 10 10 - _ - 1 1 - _ - 3 3 - ~ “ - _ - 146 146 141 28 28 28 102 2 100 96 26 26 22 54 54 2 16 8 6 7 15 13 2 2 _ - 12 12 2 2 4 4 _ - 1 1 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - 53 17 17 18 8 2 34 15 9 15 15 6 3 3 11 71 31 25 1 - 1 - _ _ _ 2 - _ - _ - _ - _ - 10 10 10 - 7 7 6 1 20 7 13 7 6 18 18 7 11 14 4 10 6 4 12 6 6 6 26 19 7 4 3 15 15 17 17 2 2 2 2 4 4 _ - _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 - 6 2 15 15 7 6 5 5 3 3 16 16 7 7 3 3 7 7 5 5 4 4 8 8 5 ~ 3 2 2 - _ 6 5 22 21 8 7 16 16 9 6 3 3 6 6 - 20 20 _ - 10 10 _ - - 5 5 255 40 215 154 47 219 124 95 81 8 133 61 72 34 34 222 67 155 15 122 18 37 27 10 1 2 7 151 24 127 80 47 62 56 6 5 l 224 92 132 48 8 4 165 87 78 3 73 2 30 1 29 29 - 246 246 237 9 _ ~ _ - _ - _ - _ - - _ - _ - 1 _ - _ “ _ _ “ _ _ - _ _ “ _ 1 419 61 358 355 1 2 “ — ~ ~ 15 Tabic A-5. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations— Continued (Average straight-time hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birmingham, Ala . , A pr il 1968) H ourly earnings Occupation1 and industry division N um ber of workers Number of wo rk e rs rec eiving straight-time hourly earning s of— 2 1 $ $ $ $ $ 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 M e an 3 M e d ian 3 M iddle ran g e 3 $ 1.80 $ $ 2.00 2.20 $ $ $ 2. 40 2!.60 2.80 $ $ $ $ 3 .GO 3.20 3.40 3.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 2.40 2. 60 2f.80 3 .20 3.40 3.6 0 3.80 4 . 0 0 4.2 0 4.40 4.60 $ $ 1.60 1.70 $ $ $ t 1 “---3.80 4 .0 0 4.20 4.40 4.60 and $ 1.10 under and 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 26 26 26 6 6 “ - “ - 32 . 32 12 14 37 37 32 3 52 12 40 32 8 62 25 37 32 5 1 1 7 7 7 7 11 11 8 8 - 2 2 ~ 212 40 172 142 22 105 49 56 49 3 68 47 21 2 15 123 20 103 90 13 413 57 356 2 19 18 1 - 117 17 100 40 38 37 1 153 54 99 3 3 8 8 124 124 1 3 2 ~ 7 45 45 - 7 2 5 37 22 15 15 5 4 1 11 27 27 20 4 1 3 “ 37 8 29 24 75 75 2 22 1 21 21 120 120 120 _ 8 6 25 22 1 1 51 5-1 30 30 20 20 - - - 3.00 over TRUCKDRI VERS 6- CONTINUED TRUCKDRIVERS, LIGHT (UNDER 1-1/2 T O N S ) ----------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------- 241 62 179 108 56 $ 1-85 2.27 1.70 1.84 1.49 $ 1.87 2.08 1.77 1.85 1.62 $ $ 1 .6 9 - 2.05 2 . 0 2 - 2.67 1 .6 4 - 1.97 1 . 7 5 - 2.02 1 . 1 5 - 1.79 TRUCKDRIVERS, MEOIUM (1 - 1 / 2 TO AND INCLUDING 4 TONS) -------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------WHOLESALE TRADE ----------------------------RETAIL TRADE ----------------------------------- 1,393 339 1,054 323 68 2.38 2.31 2.41 1.88 2.11 2.34 2.32 2.35 1.74 1.89 1.901.792.001 .6 6 1.68- TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, TRAILER TYPE) ------------------------------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S 45 --------------------------- 390 85 305 202 3.00 2.00 3.27 3.38 3.23 1.80 3.29 3.67 2 . 4 5 - 3.68 1 .7 5 - 2.08 3 . 0 7 - 3.72 3 . 0 7 - 3.74 2.75 2. 83 2.73 2.06 2.16 TRUCKDRIVERS, HEAVY (OVER 4 TONS, OTHER THAN TRAILER TYPE) -------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------- 83 59 2.26 2.37 1.80 1.80 1 .7 3 - 3.03 1 . 7 5 - 3.05 TRUCKERS, POWER (FORKLIFT) ---------------MANUFACTURING ------------------------------------NONMANUFACTURING ------------------------------WHOLFSALE TRADE ----------------------------- 584 512 72 45 2.36 2.39 2.10 1.84 2.17 2.30 1.88 1.82 1.911 .9 3 1.761 .7 4 - 1 2 3 4 5 6 2.78 2.81 2.28 2.03 ~ _ - “ _ - _ _ ~ _ _ _ - - ~ “ _ _ - - ~ _ - _ _ - ~ — ~ _ _ _ ~ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - ~ " - ' Data limited to men w o rk e r s except where otherwise indicated. Excludes premiu m pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Fo r definition of te rm s, see footnote 2, table A - l . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance, and real estate. Includes all d ri v e rs , as defined, regardless of size and type of truck operated. _ " " 11 ~ 32 30 6 ~ 10 10 6 98 83 15 15 151 136 15 10 _ ' 2 9 ' _ _ “ 41 27 14 14 31 22 T 84 84 - 30 28 2 _ 4 - 4 30 27 3 _ - - - - ■ _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - “ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ . - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - 4 4 - - - - - - 16 Table A-5a. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations—Manufacturing—Jefferson County ( A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n s s t u d ie d o n a n a r e a b a s i s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g , B i r m i n g h a m ( J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y ) , A l a . , A p r i l 1968) Number of wo rk er s Occupation 1 Av erage hourly earnings 1 2 $ Guards and watchmen Guards Watchmen _ .. .... Janitors, porters, and c l e a n e r s _________________ Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) L a b o re r s, material h a n d li n g ___ ______ __________ O rd e r f i l l e r s ______________________ R e r e i v i n g clerks Shipping clerks ____________ .. _ _ __ _........... . _ ___ 2. 62 Shipping and receiving clerks . 104 2. 88 Truckdriver s 3 45 2. 04 427 2. 27 40 1.93 2. 29 42 2. 85 73 2. 83 83 3.49 A ver age hourly earnings 2 $ 149 922 Number of wo rkers Occupation 1 101 3. 37 586 2.49 Tr uc kdrivers, light (under IV 2 tons) _____________________________________ 62 2. 27 Tr uckdrivers, medium ( 1 V2 to .................. .. and including 4 tons) ... 285 2. 42 Tr uc kdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, .............. tra iler type) _ ... . 85 2. 00 59 2. 37 509 2.40 ...... ... .. _ T ruck driv ers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trai le r type) Truc ke rs , power (forklift) 1 D a t a l i m i t e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e r e o t h e r w i s e i n d i c a t e d . 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t im e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s, h o lid a y s , an d l a t e 3 I n c l u d e s a l l d r i v e r s , a s d e f i n e d , r e g a r d l e s s o f s i z e a n d ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . ... s h ifts . ... ... ._ Appendix. Occupational Descriptions The primary purpose of preparing job descriptions for the Bureaufs wage surveys is to assist its field staff in classifying into appropriate occupations workers who are employed under a variety of payroll titles and different work arrangements from establishment to establishment and from area to area. This permits the grouping of occupational wage rates representing comparable job content. Because of this emphasis on interestablishment and interarea comparability of occupational content, the Bureau's job descriptions may differ significantly from those in use in individual establishments or those prepared for other purposes. In applying these job descriptions, the Bureau's field economists are instructed to exclude woxking supervisors; apprentices; learners; beginners; trainees; and handicapped, part-time, temporary, and probationary workers. OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BILLER, MACHINE— Continued Prepares statements, bills, and invoices on a machine other than an ordinary or electromatic typewriter. May also keep records as to billings or shipping charges or perform other clerical work incidental to billing operations. For wage study purposes, billers, machine, are clas sified by type of machine, as follows: columns and computes, and usually prints automatically the debit or credit balances. Does not involve a knowledge of bookkeeping. Works from uniform and standard types of sales and credit slips. BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR Operates a bookkeeping machine (Remington Rand, Elliott Fisher, Sundstrand, Burroughs, National Cash Register, with or without a type writer keyboard) to keep a record of business transactions. Biller, machine (billing machine). Uses a special billing ma chine (Moon Hopkins, Elliott Fisher, Burroughs, etc. , which are combination typing and adding machines) to prepare bills and invoices from customers' purchase orders, internally prepared orders, shipping memorandums, etc. Usually involves application of pre determined discounts and shipping charges, and entry of necessary extensions, which may or may not be computed on the billing ma chine, and totals which are automatically accumulated by machine. The operation usually involves a large number of carbon copies of the bill being prepared and is often done on a fanfold machine. Class A . Keeps a set of records requiring a knowledge of and experience in basic bookkeeping principles, and familiarity with the structure of the particular accounting system used. Determines proper records and distribution of debit and credit items to be used in each phase of the work. May prepare consolidated reports, balance sheets, and other records by hand. Class B. Keeps a record of one or more phases or sections of a set of records usually requiring little knowledge of basic book keeping. Phases or sections include accounts payable, payroll, cus tomers' accounts (not including a simple type of billing described under biller, machine), cost distribution, expense distribution, in ventory control, etc. May check or assist in preparation of trial balances and prepare control sheets for the accounting department. Biller, machine (bookkeeping machine). Uses a bookkeeping machine (Sundstrand, Elliott Fisher, Remington Rand, e tc ., which may or may not have typewriter keyboard) to prepare customers' bills as part of Hie accounts receivable operation. Generally involves the simultaneous entry of figures on customers' ledger record. The ma chine automatically accumulates figures on a number of vertical Note: Since the last survey in this area, the Bureau has discontinued collecting data for duplicatingmachine operators and elevator operators. 17 18 CLERK, ACCOUNTING Class A. Under general direction of a bookkeeper or accountant, has responsibility for keeping one or more sections of a complete set of books or records relating to one phase of an establishment's busi ness transactions. Work involves posting and balancing subsidiary ledger or ledgers such as accounts receivable or accounts payable; examining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper accounting distribution; and requires judgment and experience in making proper assignations and allocations. May assist in preparing, adjusting, and closing journal entries; and may direct class B accounting cleiks. Class B. Under supervision, performs one or more routine ac counting operations such as posting simple journal vouchers or accounts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher registers; reconciling bank accounts; and posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting simple cost accounting data. This job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accounting woik is subdivided on a functional basis among several woikers. CLERK, FILE Class A. In an established filing system containing a number of varied subject matter files, classifies and indexes file material such as correspondence, reports, technical documents, etc. May also file this material. May keep records of various types in con junction with the files. May lead a small group of lower level file cleiks. Class B. Sorts, codes, and files unclassified material by simple (subject matter) headings or partly classified material by finer sub headings. Prepares simple related index and cross-reference aids. As requested, locates clearly identified material in files and forwards material. May perform related clerical tasks required to maintain and service files. Class C. Performs routine filing of material that has already been classified or which is easily classified in a simple serial classi fication system (e. g . , alphabetical, chronological, or numerical). As requested, locates readily available material in files and forwards material; and may fill out withdrawal charge. Performs simple clerical and manual tasks required to maintain and service files. CLERK, ORDER Receives customers' orders for material or merchandise by mail, phone, or personally. Duties involve any combination of the following: Quoting prices to customers; making out an order sheet listing the items to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of items on order sheet; and distributing order sheets to respective departments to be filled. May check with credit department to determine credit rating of customer, acknowledge receipt of orders from customers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check shipping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Computes wages of company employees and enters the necessary data on the payroll sheets. Duties involve: Calculating workers' earnings based on time or production records; and posting calculated data on payroll sheet, showing information such as worker's name, working days, time, rate, deductions for insurance, and total wages due. May make out paychecks and assist paymaster in making up and distributing pay envelopes. May use a calculating machine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform mathe matical computations. This job is not to be confused with that of statis tical or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tometer but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to performance of other duties. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Class A. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combina tion keypunch machine to transcribe data from various source docu ments to keypunch tabulating cards. Performs same tasks as lower level keypunch operator but, in addition, work requires application 19 KEYPUNCH OPERATOR— Continued of coding skills and the making of some determinations, for example, locates on the source document the items to be punched; extracts information from several documents; and searches for and interprets information on the document to determine information to be punched. May train inexperienced operators. Class B. Under close supervision or following specific procedures or instructions, transcribes data from source documents to punched cards. Operates a numerical and/or alphabetical or combination keypunch machine to keypunch tabulating cards. May verify cards. Working from various standardized source documents, follows specified sequences which have been coded or prescribed in detail and require little or no selecting, coding, or interpreting of data to be punched. Problems arising from erroneous items or codes, missing information, etc. , are referred to supervisor. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Performs various routine duties such as running errands, operating minor office machines such as sealers or mailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. SECRETARY Assigned as personal secretary, normally to one individual. Main tains a close and highly responsive relationship to the day-to-day work activities of the supervisor. Works fairly independently receiving a mini mum of detailed supervision and guidance. Performs varied clerical and secretarial duties, usually including most of the following: (a) Receives telephone calls, personal callers, and incoming mail, answers routine inquiries, and routes the technical inquiries to the proper persons; (b) establishes, maintains, and revises the supervisor's files; (c) maintains the supervisor's calendar and makes appointments as instructed; (d) relays messages from supervisor to subordinates; (e) reviews correspondence, mem oranda, and reports prepared by others for the supervisor's signature to assure procedural and typographic accuracy; and (f) performs stenographic and typing work. May also perform other clerical and secretarial tasks of com parable nature and difficulty. The work typically requires knowledge of office routine and understanding of the organization, programs, and pro cedures related to the work of the supervisor. SECRETARY— Continue d Exclusions Not all positions that are titled "secretary" possess the above characteristics. Examples of positions which are excluded from the def inition are as follows: (a) Positions which do not meet the "personal" secretary concept described above; (b) stenographers not fully trained in secretarial type duties; (c) stenographers serving as office assistants to a group of professional, technical, or managerial persons; (d) secretary posi tions in which the duties are either substantially more routine or substan tially more complex and responsible than those characterized in the def inition; and (e) assistant type positions which involve more difficult or more responsible technical, administrative, supervisory, or specialized clerical duties which are not typical of secretarial work. NOTE: The term "corporate officer," used in the level definitions following, refers to those officials who have a significant corporate-wide policymaking role with regard to major company activities. The title "vice president," though normally indicative of this role, does notin all cases identify such positions. Vice presidents whose primary responsibility is to act personally on individual cases or transactions (e. g. , approve or deny individual loan or credit actions; administer individual trust accounts; directly supervise a clerical staff) are not considered to be "corporate officers" for purposes of applying the following level definitions. Class A a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than the chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 persons; or c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the corporate officer level) of a major segment or subsidiary of a company that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons. Class B a. Secretary to the chairman of the board or president of a company that employs, in all, fewer than 100 persons; or b. Secretary to a corporate officer (other than chairman of the board or president) of a company that employs, in all, over 100 but fewer than 5,000 persons; or 20 SECRETA RY— Continued STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL— Continued c. Secretary to the head (immediately below the officer level) over either a major corporate-wide functional activity (e.g. , marketing, research, operations, industrial relations, e tc .) or a major geographic or organizational segment (e. g. , a regional headquarters; a major division) of a company that employs, in all, over 5,000 but fewer than 25,000 employees; or May maintain files, keep simple records, or perform other relatively rou tine clerical tasks. May operate from a stenographic pool. Does not include transcribing-machine work. (See transcribing-machine operator. ) d. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, over 5,000 persons; or STENOGRAPHER, SENIOR Primary duty is to take dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scientific re search from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from written copy. May also set up and maintain files, keep records, etc. OR e. Secretary to the head of a large and important organizational Performs stenographic duties requiring significantly greater inde segment (e. g. , a middle management supervisor of an organizational seg pendence and responsibility than stenographers, general as evidenced ment often involving as many as several hundred persons) of a company by the following: Woik requires high degree of stenographic speed and that employs, in all, over 25,000 persons. accuracy; and a thorough working knowledge of general business and Class C office procedures and of the specific business operations, organization, policies, procedures, files, workflow, etc. Uses this knowledge in per a. Secretary to an executive or managerial person whose respon forming stenographic duties and responsible clerical tasks such as, main sibility is not equivalent to one of the specific level situations in the def taining followup files; assembling material for reports, memorandums, inition for class B, but whose subordinate staff normally numbers at least letters, etc. ; composing simple letters from general instructions; reading several dozen employees and is usually divided into organizational segments and routing incoming mail; and answering routine questions, etc. Does which are often, in turn, further subdivided. In some companies, this level not include transcribing-machine work. includes a wide range of organizational echelons; in others, only one or two; or SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR Class A. Operates a single- or multiple-position telephone b. Secretary to the head of an individual plant, factory, etc. switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. Per (or other equivalent level of official) that employs, in all, fewer than forms full telephone information service or handles complex calls, such as 5,000 persons. conference, collect, overseas, or similar calls, either in addition to doing Class D routine work as described for switchboard operator, class B, or as a full time assignment. (’’Full" telephone information service occurs when the a. Secretary to the supervisor or head of a small organizational establishment has varied functions that are not readily understandable for unit (e.g. , fewer than about 25 or 30 persons); or telephone information purposes, e.g., because of overlapping or interrelated functions, and consequently present frequent problems as to which exten b. Secretary to a nonsupervisory staff specialist, professional sions are appropriate for calls.) employee, administrative officer, or assistant, skilled technician or expert. (NOTE: Many companies assign stenographers, rather than secretaries as Class B. Operates a singler or multiple-position telephone switchboard handling incoming, outgoing, intraplant or office calls. May described above, to this level of supervisory or nonsupervisory worker.) handle routine long distance calls and record tolls. May perform limited STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL telephone information service. (’'Limited” telephone information service Primary duty is to take dictation involving a normal routine vo occurs if the functions of the establishment serviced are readily understand able for telephone information purposes, or if the requests are routine, cabulary from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or e . g . , giving extension numbers when specific names are furnished, or if similar machine; and transcribe dictation. May also type from writ complex calls are referred to another operator. ) ten copy. 21 SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator on a single-position or monitor-type switchboard, acts as receptionist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. This typing or clerical work may take the major part of this worker1s time while at switchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR— Continued some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a woik unit, for example, individual sorting or collating runs or repetitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR Class A. Operates a variety of tabulating or electrical account ing machines, typically including such machines as the tabulator, calculator, interpreter, collator, and others. Performs complete reporting assignments without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The complete reporting and tabulating assign ments typically involve a variety of long and complex reports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new operators in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagrams and operating sequences of long and complex reports. Does not include working supervisors performing tabulating-machine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulatingmachine operators. Class B. Operates more difficult tabulating or electrical account ing machines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. This work is performed under specific instructions and may include the performance of some wiring from diagrams. The work typically involves, for example, tabulations involving a repetitive accounting exercise, a complete but small tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the pro cedures are well established. May also include the training of new employees in the basic operation of the machine. Class C. Operates simple tabulating or electrical accounting machines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, e tc ., with specific instructions. May include simple wiring from diagrams and Primary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-machine records. May also type from written copy and do simple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation involving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scientific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or similar machine is classified as a stenog rapher, general. TYPIST Uses a typewriter to make copies of various material or to make out bills after calculations have been made by another person. May in clude typing of stencils, mats, or similar materials for use in duplicating processes. May do clerical work involving little special training, such as keeping simple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and dis tributing incoming mail. Class A . Performs one or more of the following: Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining material from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, syllabication, punctu ation, etc. , of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; and planning layout and typing of complicated statistical tables to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying details to suit circumstances. Class B. Performs one or more of the following: Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance policies, e tc .; and setting up simple standard tabulations, or copying more complex tables already setup and spaced properly. 22 P R O F E S S I O N A L AND T E C H N I C A L DRAFTSMAN—Continued DRAFTSMAN Class A. Plans the graphic presentation of complex items having distinctive design features that differ significantly from established drafting precedents. Works in close support with the design originator, and may recommend minor design changes. Analyzes the effect of each change on the details of form, function, and positional relation ships of components and parts. Works with a minimum of supervisory assistance. Completed work is reviewed by design originator for con sistency with prior engineering determinations. May either prepare drawings, or direct their preparation by lower level draftsmen. Class B. Performs nonroutine and complex drafting assignments that require the application of most of the standardized drawing tech niques regularly used. Duties typically involve such work as: Prepares working drawings of subassemblies with irregular shapes, multiple functions, and precise positional relationships between components; prepares architectural drawings for construction of a building including detail drawings of foundations, wall sections, floor plans, and roof. Uses accepted formulas and manuals in making necessary computations to determine quantities of materials to be used, load capacities, strengths, stresses, etc. Receives initial instructions, requirements, and advice from supervisor. Completed work is checked for technical adequacy. Class C. Prepares detail drawings of single units or parts for engineering, construction, manufacturing, or repair purposes. Types of drawings prepared include isometric projections (depicting three dimensions in accurate scale) and sectional views to clarify positioning of components and convey needed information. Consolidates details from a number of sources and adjusts or transposes scale as required. Suggested methods of approach, applicable precedents, and advice on source materials are given with initial assignments. Instructions are less complete when assignments recur. Work may be spot-checked during progress. DRAFTSMAN-TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others by placing tracing cloth or paper over drawings and tracing with pen or pencil. (Does not include tracing limited to plans primarily consisting of straight lines and a large scale not requiring close delineation. ) and/or Prepares simple or repetitive drawings of easily visualized items. is closely supervised during progress. Woik NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) A registered nurse who gives nursing service under general medi cal direction to ill or injured employees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accident on the premises of a factory or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of employees’ injuries; keeping records of patients treated; preparing accident reports for compensation or other purposes; assisting in physical examinations and health evaluations of applicants and employees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant en vironment, or other activities affecting the health, welfare, and safety of all personnel. M A I N T E N A N C E AND POWERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE— Continued Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and maintain in good repair building woodwork and equipment such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, stairs, casings, and trim made of wood in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Plan ning and laying out of work from blueprints, drawings, models, or verbal instructions using a variety of carpenter's handtools, portable power tools, and standard measuring instruments; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work; and selecting materials necessary for the work. In general, the work of the maintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 23 ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES— Continued Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the in stallation, maintenance, or repair of equipment for the generation, dis tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipment such as generators, transformers, switchboards, con trollers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit systems, or other transmission equipment; working from blueprints, drawings, layouts, or other specifications; locating and diagnosing trouble in the electrical system or equipment; working standard computations relating to load requirements of wiring or electrical equipment; and using a variety of electrician’s handtools and measuring and testing instruments. In general, the work of the maintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. a worker supplied with materials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipment; assisting journeyman by holding materials or tools; and performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is permitted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is permitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-time basis. ENGINEER, STATIONARY Operates and maintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (mechanical or electrical) to supply the establishment in which employed with power, heat, refrigeration, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and maintaining equipment such as steam engines, air compressors, generators, motors, turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipment, steam boilers and boiler-fed water pumps; making equipment repairs; and keeping a record of operation of machinery, temperature, and fuel consumption. May also supervise these operations. Head or chief engineers in establishments employing more than one engineer are excluded. FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Fires stationary boilers to furnish the establishment in which employed with heat, power, or steam. Feeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a mechanical stoker, or gas or oil burner; and checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or assist in repairing boilerroom equipment. HELPER, MAINTENANCE TRADES Assists one or more workers in the skilled maintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of lesser skill, such as keeping MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling machines, in the construction of machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures, or dies. Work involves most of the following: Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing items requiring complicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision measuring instruments; selecting feeds, speeds, tooling, and oper ation sequence; and making necessary adjustments during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dimensions. May be required to recognize when tools need dressing, to dress tools, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating oils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, machine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are ex cluded from this classification. MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacement parts and new parts in making repairs of metal parts of mechanical equipment operated in an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Interpreting written instructions and speci fications; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of machinist’s handtools and precision measuring instruments; setting up and operating standard machine tools; shaping of metal parts to close tolerances; making standard shop computations relating to dimensions of work, tooling, feeds, and speeds of machining; knowledge of the working properties of the common metals; selecting standard materials, parts, and equipment re quired for his work; and fitting and assembling parts into mechanical equipment. In general, the machinist's work normally requires a rounded training in machine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal ap prenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 24 MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) OILER Repairs automobiles, buses, motortrucks, and tractors of an es tablishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining automotive equipment to diagnose source of trouble; disassembling equipment and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as wrenches, gages, drills, or specialized equipment in disassembling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassembling and installing the various assemblies in the vehicle and making necessary’ adjustments; and alining wheels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the auto motive mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Lubricates, with oil or grease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of mechanical equipment of an establishment. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE Repairs machinery or mechanical equipment of an establishment. Work involves most of the following: Examining machines and mechanical equipment to diagnose source of trouble; dismantling or partly dismantling machines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts with items obtained from stock; ordering the production of a replacement part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to a machine shop for major repairs; preparing written specifications for major repairs or for the pro duction of parts ordered from machine shop; reassembling machines; and making all necessary adjustments for operation. In general, the work of a maintenance mechanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Excluded from this classification are workers whose primary duties involve setting up or adjusting machines. MILLWRIGHT Installs new machines or heavy equipment, and dismantles and installs machines or heavy equipment when changes in the plant layout are required. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other specifications; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop computations re lating to stresses, strength of materials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipment; selecting standard tools, equipment, and parts to be used; and installing and maintaining in good order power transmission equipment such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the millwrights work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent train ing and experience. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE Paints and redecorates walls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishment. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface peculi arities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and interstices; and applying paint with spray gun or bmsh. May mix colors, oils, white lead, and other paint ingredients to obtain proper color or consistency. In general, the work of the maintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE Installs or repairs water, steam, gas, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishment. Woik involves most of the following: Laying out of work and measuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other written specifications; cutting various sizes of pipe to correct lengths with chisel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting machine; threading pipe with stocks and dies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven machines; assembling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop computations relating to pressures, flow, and size of pipe required; and making standard tests to determine whether finished pipes meet specifications. In general, the work of the maintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating systems are excluded. PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE Keeps the plumbing system of an establishment in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installation of vents and traps in plumbing system; installing or repairing pipes and fixtures; and opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber's snake. In general, the work of the maintenance plumber requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. 25 TOOL AND DIE MAKER— Continued SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE Fabricates, installs, and maintains in good repair the sheet-metal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelves, lockers, tanks, ventilators, chutes, ducts, metal roofing) of an establish ment. Work involves most of the following: Planning and laying out all types of sheet-metal maintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-metal working machines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, form ing, shaping, fitting, and assembling; and installing sheet-metal articles as required. In general, the work of the maintenance sheet-metal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. TOOL AND DIE MAKER volves most of the following: Planning and laying out of work from models, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written specifications; using a variety of tool and die maker's handtools and precision measuring instruments; understanding of the working properties of common metals and alloys; setting up and operating of machine tools and related equip ment; making necessary shop computations relating to dimensions of work, speeds, feeds, and tooling of machines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as well as of finished tools and dies to achieve required qual ities; working to close tolerances; fitting and assembling of parts to pre scribed tolerances and allowances; and selecting appropriate materials, tools, and processes. In general, the tool and die maker's work requires a rounded training in machine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (Die maker; jig maker; tool maker; fixture maker; gage maker) Constructs and repairs machine-shop tools, gages, jigs, fixtures or dies for forgings, punching, and other metal-forming work. Work in- For cross-industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classification. C U S T O D I A L AND M A T E R I A L MOVEMENT GUARD AND WATCHMAN JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued Guard. Performs routine police duties, either at fixed post or on tour, maintaining order, using arms or force where necessary. Includes gatemen who are stationed at gate and check on identity of employees and other persons entering. trash, and other refuse; dusting equipment, furniture, or fixtures; polishing metal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor maintenance services; and cleaning lavatories, showers, and restrooms. Workers who specialize in window washing are excluded. Watchman. Makes rounds of premises periodically in protecting property against fire, theft, and illegal entry. LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER (Sweeper; charwoman; janitress) Cleans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washrooms, or premises of an office, apartment house, or commerical or other establishment. Duties involve a combination of the following: Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, A worker employed in a warehouse, manufacturing plant, store, or other establishment whose duties involve one or more of the following: Loading and unloading various materials and merchandise on or from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting devices; unpacking, shelving, or placing materials or merchandise in proper storage location; and trans porting materials or merchandise by handtruck, car, or wheelbarrow. Longshoremen, who load and unload ships are excluded. 26 ORDER, FILLER SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued For wage study purposes, workers are classified as follows: (Order picker; stock selector; warehouse stockman) Fills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored merchandise in accordance with specifications on sales slips, customers’ orders, or other instructions. May, in addition to filling orders and in dicating items filled or omitted, keep records of outgoing orders, requi sition additional stock or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING Prepares finished products for shipment or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, size, and number of units to be packed, the type of con tainer employed, and method of shipment. Work requires the placing of items in shipping containers and may involve one or more of the following: Knowledge of various items of stock in order to verify content; selection of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other material to prevent breakage or damage; closing and sealing container; and applying labels or entering identifying data on container. Packers who also make wooden boxes or crates are excluded. SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares merchandise for shipment, or receives and is responsible for incoming shipments of merchandise or other materials. Shipping work involves: A knowledge of shipping procedures, practices, routes, available means of transportation, and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting weight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or assist in preparing the merchandise for shipment. Receiving work involves: Verifying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipments against bills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing merchandise or materials to proper departments; and maintaining necessary records and files. Receiving clerk Shipping clerk Shipping and receiving clerk TRUCKD RIVER Drives a truck within a city or industrial area to transport ma terials, merchandise, equipment, or men between various types of es tablishments such as: Manufacturing plants, freight depots, warehouses, wholesale and retail establishments, or between retail establishments and customers’ houses or places of business. May also load or unload truck with or without helpers, make minor mechanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. Driver-salesmen and over-the-road drivers are excluded. For wage study purposes, truck drivers are classified by size and type of equipment, as follows: (Tractor-trailer should be rated on the basis of trailer capacity.) Truckdriver (combination of sizes listed separately) Truckdriver, light (under 1 V2 tons) Truckdriver, medium ( 1 V2 to and including 4 tons) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) Truckdriver, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) TRUCKER, POWER Operates a manually controlled gasoline- or electric-powered truck or tractor to transport goods and materials of all kinds about a warehouse, manufacturing plant, or other establishment. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follows: Trucker, power (forklift) Trucker, power (other than forklift) A v a i l a b l e O n R e q u e s t ----T he eighth annual r e p o r t on s a l a r i e s f o r accountants, auditors, at tor ne ys , chem ist s, en g i n e e r s , en g in eer in g technicians, d ra fts m en , t r a c e r s , job analysts, d i r e c t o r s of p er s on ne l, m a n a g e r s o f o f f i c e s e r v i c e s , buyers, and c l e r i c a l e m p l o y e e s . O r d e r as BBS Bulletin 1585, National S urvey o f P r o f e s s i o n a l , A d m i n i s t r a t i v e , T e ch ni ca l, and C l e r i c a l P a y , June 1967. F i f t y cents a copy. A re a W age Surveys A l i s t o f the l a te s t a v a ila b le bulletins is pre s e nte d b elo w . A d i r e c t o r y indicating dates of e a r l i e r stud ies, and the p r i c e s o f the bulletins is a v a i l a b l e on r e q u e s t . B ulle tin s m ay be purchased f r o m the Superintendent of D o cum ents, U.S. G o v e r n m e n t P r i n t i n g O f f ic e , Washington, D .C ., 20402, o r f r o m any o f the B L S r e g i o n a l sales o f f i c e s shown on the insid e fro n t c o v e r . Area Bulletin number and p r i c e A k r o n , Ohio, July 1967 1_________________________________ A lb a n y —S c h en e cta d y^ -T r oy , N . Y . , A p r . 1967 ___________ A lb u qu erqu e, N. M e x . , A p r . 1968 1_____________________ A lle n to w n —B e t h le h e m —Eas ton, P a . —N. J . , F e b . 1967 __________________________________________________ A tla n ta, G a . , M a y 1967 ___________________________________ B a l t i m o r e , Md., O c t. 1967_______________________________ B ea um ont—P o r t A r t h u r —O r a n g e , T e x . , M ay 1967-----B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , A p r . 1968 --------------------------------B o i s e C ity , Idaho, July 1967_____________________________ Boston, M a s s . , Sept. 1967 1-------------------------------------- 1530-86, 1530-62, 1575-58, B uffa lo , N . Y . , D e c . 1967 ________________________________ B urlin gton, V t . , M a r . 1968 ------------------------------------Canton, Ohio, A p r . 1967 _________________________________ C h a r le s t o n , W. V a . , A p r . 1967 --------------------------------C h a r lo tt e , N .C . , A p r . 19681 ------------------------------------Chattanoog a, T e n n . - G a . , A u g . 1967-------------------------C h ic a g o , 111., A p r . 1967 1 ________________________________ Cincinnati, O hio—K y . —I n d . , M a r . 1967 ________ -________ C l e v e l a n d , O hio, Sept. 1967______________________________ Colum bus, Ohio , Oc t. 1967_______________________________ D a l l a s , T e x . , N ov . 1967__________________________________ 1575-41, 1575-48, 1530-58, 1530-61, 1575-57, 1575-7, 1530-73, 1530-56, 1575-14, 1575-23, 1575-20, 1530-53, 1530-71, 1575-18, 1530-74, 1575-59, 1575-3, 1575-13, D a v e n p o r t—R o c k Isla nd —M o l i n e , Iowa—111., O ct. 1967___________________________________________________ 1575-12, 1575-51, Dayton, Ohio, Jan. 1968 1_________________________________ D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c . 1967 1-------------------------------- ------- 1575-38, D es M o in e s , Iowa, F e b . 1968 1------------------------------- — 1575-52, D e t r o i t , M ic h ., Jan. 1968 1 _______________________________ 1575-45, F o r t W ort h, T e x . , N o v . 1967_^----------------------------------- 1575-22, G r e e n Bay, W i s ., J u ly 1967______________________________ 1575-5, G r e e n v i l l e , S .C ., M a y 1967-------------------------------------- 1530-66, Houston, T e x . , June 1967 ----------------------------------------1530-85, India napoli s, Ind., D e c . 1967 1---------------------------------- 1575-36, Jackson, M i s s . , F eb . 1968 1_____________________________ J a c k s o n v ille , F l a . , Jan. 1968 --------------------------------Kansas C ity , M o .—K a n s . , N ov . 1967 1-----------------------L a w r e n c e —H a v e r h i l l , M a s s . —N .H ., June 1967 -----------L i t t l e R o c k - N o r t h L i t t l e R oc k , A r k . , July 1967-------L o s A n g e l e s —L on g B ea ch and A n ah e im —Santa A n a G ard en G r o v e , C a l i f ., M a r . 1967 1 ____________________ L o u i s v i l l e , K y . —I n d . , F eb . 1968 -----------------------------Lubbock, T e x . , June 1967 _______________________________ M a n c h e s te r , N .H . , July 1967------------------------------------M e m p h is , T e n n . - A r k . , Jan. 1 96 8 1---------------------------M i a m i , F l a . , D e c . 1967 1------------------------------------ —---M id land and O d e s s a , T e x . , June 1967 ----------------------- B ulletin number and p r i c e 25cents M ilw a u k e e , W i s . , A p r . 1967 1_____________________________ 1530-76, 25cents M in n ea p o li s —St. Pau l, Minn., Jan. 1968 ________________ 1575-47, 30cents M uskegon —M uskegon H e i g h t s , M ic h ., M a y 1967 _________ 1530-72, N e w a r k and J e r s e y C ity , N .J ., F e b . 1968 1______________ 1575-54, 25cents N e w H av en, Conn., Jan. 1968 1____________________________ 1 575-34, 25cents N e w O r le a n s , L a . , F eb . 1968 ___________________________ 1575-46, 25cents N e w Y o r k , N . Y . , A p r . 1967 1-------------------------------------1530-83, 20cents N o r f o l k —P o r ts m o u th and N e w p o r t N e w s — 30cents Hampton, V a., June 1967 1_______________________________ 1530-82, 20cents O k lahom a C ity , O k l a . , July 1967_________________________ 157 5-4, 30cents Omaha, N e b r . —Iowa, Oct. 1967 1__________________________ 1575-21, 30cents P a t e r son—C l i fto n —P a s s a i c , N. J . , M ay 1967 ______________ 1530-67, 20cents P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . —N . J . , Nov. 1967 1---------------------------- 1575-40, 20cents P h o en ix, A r i z . , M a r . 1 9 6 8 1 ________________________________ 1575-55, 20cents P i t t s b u r g h , P a . , Jan. 1968 _______________________________ 1575-44, 157 5-16, 30cents P o r tla n d , M a i n e , N ov. 1967 1_____________________________ 25cents P o r t l a n d , O r e g.—W a s h . , M ay 1967 _______________________ 1530-79, 30cents P r o v i d e n c e —Paw tu ck et—W a r w i c k , R . I . —M a s s . , 25 cents M ay 1967 1 --------------------------------------------------------------- 1530-70, 25cents R a l e i g h , N .C . , A ug. 19671----------------------------------------- 1575-6, 25cents R ichm ond, V a . , Nov. 1967 1_______________________________ 157 5-27, 25cents R o c k f o r d , 111., M a y 1967 ___________________________________ 1530-68, 25cents 30cents 25cents 30 cents 35cents 25cents 20cents 25cents 25cents 30cents 1575-49, 1575-33, 157 5-30, 1530-77, 1575-2, 30cents 20cents 25cents 20cents 25cents 1530-65, 1575-50, 1530-75, 1575-1, 1575-32, 1575-28, 1530-78, 30cents 30cents 20cents 20cents 25cents 25 cents 20cents 1 Data on establishment practices and supplementary wage provisions are also presented. Area 30cents 30cents 20cents 35cents 25cents 30cents 40cents 25cents 20cents 25cents 25cents 30cents 30cents 30 cents 25cents 25 c ents 30cents 25cents 25cents 20cents St. L o u is , M o.—111., Jan. 1968 ___________________________ Salt L a k e C i ty , Utah, D e c . 1967 _____________________ ___ San Antonio, T e x . , June 1967 1 ___________________________ San B e r n a rd in o —R i v e r s i d e —O n t a r i o , C a l i f . , Au g . 1967 1---------------------------------------------------------------San D i e g o , C a l i f . , Nov. 1967______________ ________________ San F r a n c i s c o —Oakland, C a l i f . , Jan. 1968 _______________ San Jos e , C a l i f . , Sept. 1967 1------------------------------------Savannah, G a . , M a y 1967__________________________________ Scranton, P a . , July 1967 1-----------------------------------------Seattle—E v e r e t t , W a s h . , N o v . 1967 1_______________ ______ 1575-39, 1575-35, 1530-84, 30cents 20cents 25cents 1575-10, 157 5-1 9, 1575-37, 1 575-1 5, 1530-69, 1575-9, 1 57 5-29, 30cents 20cents 25cents 25cents 20cents 25cents 25cents Sio ux F a l l s , S. Dak ., Oct. 1967 1__________________________ South Bend, I n d . , M a r . 1968 1 ____________________________ Spokane, W a s h . , June 1967 1 ______________________________ T a m p a —St. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a . , A u g . 1967________________ T o l e d o , Ohio—M i c h . , F eb . 1968 _________________________ T re n to n , N. J . , N o v . 1967__________________________________ Washington, D . C . —Md.—V a . , Sept. 1967---------------------W a te r b u r y , C o n n ., A p r . 1968 1----------------------------------W a t e r l o o , Iowa, Nov. 1967_________________________________ W ic h ita, K a n s . , D e c . 1967-----------------------------------------W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . , June 1967____________________________ Y o r k , P a . , F e b . 1968 1 --------------------- ------------------------Youn gstown—W a r r e n , Ohio, N ov . 1967 1_________________ 1575-17, 1575-56, 1530-80, 157 5-8, 1575-43, 157 5-24*, 1575-1 1, 1575-53, 157 5-26, 157 5-31, 1530-81, 1575-42, 157 5-25, 25cents 30cents 25cents 25cents 30cents 20cents 25cents 30cents 20cents 20cents 25cents 30cents 25cents
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