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UL TABLE O F ' C O N T E N T S . ' Report by; Mr. Dallas on tlie Finances Eeport by Mr. Crawford on the Finances Report by Mr! Crawford on the Finances Report by Mr.'Crawford on the Finances Report by Mr. Crawford on the Finances Report by Mr. Crawford on the Finances .Report by Mr. Crawford on the Finances Report by Mr-Crawford on the Finances , lieport by Mr. Crawford on the Finances Report by Mr. Crawford on the Finances Report by Mr. Rush on the Finances Report by Mr. Rush^ on the Finances Report by Mr. Rush on the Finances . Report by Mr. Rush on the Finances Eeport by Mr. Crawford on the state of the • Page. December, 1815 5 D.ecember, 1816 73 -^ ,r December, :i817 88 • November, . 1818 lio - .. . December, 1819, 144 December, 1820 167 ,. - . December,, 1821 198 .December,. 1822 .217 ; December,^ 1823 247 •December, 1824276 -^ 313 December, 1825 December, • 1826 ^: 353 - , -~ December, 1827 . .-< . . 388 December, 1828 -> - . 439 Currency of the United States, in 18*20 481 . ' ^ '^^ w' 8 31 388 •REPORTS OF T H E . . 11827, IIEPORT ,.0M THE FINANCESo •.DECEMBER, 1827.. In obedience to the act making it the duty of the Secretary, of the Trehsnry to ^' lay before Congr.ess, at the commencement of every session, a report on the subject of finance, containing estimates of the public reyenue nnd public expenditures, and plans for improving or iiicreasing the revenues • from time to time," the Secretary,proceeds to. the task which that duty enjoins,upon him. ^ \ It is satisfiictpry to be able, to state, in the beginning, that the revenue, accruing for the current year is hkely to exceed, rather than fall below, that ofthe last. . This is the more satisfactory, when considerediii connexion with the fact of the unusually largeTinportations of foreign merchairdise ill 1825. The importations for that year having greatly'exceeded their average value'for many years preceding, a subsequent reduction in their value'had been looked to, under analogous facts heretofore occurring in thp foreign trade of the country. ' This has proved to be less th^ case than might have been anticipated. Although the importations for the year ending on the 30th of September last are believed to have been lessthan for the year ending on the.same day in 1826 ; those ,for 1827, commencing onthe 1st of January, and ending with the close of the present month, \vill, in all probability,be greater, itjs on the year,' calculated in the latter way, that.the annual revenue from the^customs is estimated. The importations for the third quarter of the present year have beeri large, o,wing to the quantity of woollen goods which they embraced. If this, on the one hand, has been a cause specially operating to augment the entire importations of 1827, there are circumstances, connected.withother.branchesof the foreign trade, that have been specially in operation to diminish them. The opinion may reasonably beentertained, founded on these and other considerations, that the re-action, under the heavy importations of 1825, has arrived at its close. Aside, therefore, from unforeseen events, the importations forthe next year, on \yhich the revenue so mainly depends, under the present system of firiance, may be expected to prpve sufficiently ample for every ordinary financial purppse. The actual receipts intb the Treasury, during the current year, have been less, in particulars.that will be presently stated, than the ' sum at which they were estimated. They have been sufficient,, ho we ver, with the balance.in the Treasury at the commencement of the year, to meet every appropriation for the service of the year, including the sum of ten milhons on account of the public debt. As the state of the public debt, and manner in which the process of extinguishment goes on, from year to year, is a subject on which the nation desires and^expects to receive accurate and full information, it will be exhibited to Congress, in the'first'instance, upon, the present occasion. The exposition of "this subject willbe given in connexion with a short retrospect. Frbm the 1st .lanuary, 1825, to'the close of the present, year, the re will'-^ave been applied to the principal of the public debt the sum of $21,2^)7,210 93; 1827.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 389. and paid, on account of interest, the sum of $11,863,445 20 ; making a total of $33,160,656 13. Of the apphcations on account of the principal during these years, $7,725,034 88 were made in 1825; $7,064^709. 21 in 1826; and $6,507,466 84 will have been made by the close of 1827. Of the preceding sum of $21,297,210 93, it is proper to state that a portion of it, viz^: $5,000,000, was borrowed under the act of the 26th>of,May, 1824, at an interest of four and a half per cent., to pay off an equal portion of debt standing at an interest pf six per cent. , The aggregate amount of the, public debt on the 1st pf January, 1825, was .,$83,710,572 60. To this must be added the stock, amounting to.five millions, at four and a half per cent., created by the above act, but vvhich was not issued until after the commencemenl of 1825, and a small, amount of three per cent, stock that ^was subsequently issued, viz: $16 25, making.the whole of the public debt, in 1825, $88,710,588 85. The aggregate amonnt at'which it will stand on the 1st of January, 1828, wiU be $67,413,377 92. The whole ,of the $21,297,210 93, applied to the principal of the debt in the three years men-, tioned, have gone towards the reduction of the six per cent, stock. Five millions of this sum having been replaced by the stock atfour and a half per cent, issued under the act ofthe 26th of May aforesaid,-are of course again , to be ranked as part of the debt. It follows, that debt, in six per cent, stock, to.the amo.unt of sixteen million two hundred and ninety-seven,thousand two hundred and ten dollars nineiy-three cents, will have been absolutely extinguished in the course of these three years, by the surplus moneys ofthe Treasury, in addition to $11,863,445 20 paid as interest.- It also follows,, that twenty-one million sixty-two thousand three hundred and.'thirty-two dollars seventeen cents, in principal and interest, will have been applied tp ' the public debt during the years 1-S26 and 1827, out of the means of the Treasury, withput any assistance whatever from loans. This is an amount greater than was reqiiired to be applied to it for these tv/o years by the,obligations, of the sinking fund act. , It Villi be satisfactory to Cpngress to know, that, during the three years in question, besides these payments made on account ofthe debt, and all other payments to meet the annual expenses of Government, large sums have been applied to objects wearing'a character neitlrer temporary nor annual. By these are meant—internar improveraents, in the form of.subscriptions to ca-. nals ; and appropriations for otherwise opening and extending intercourse throughout the country; .fortifications, and armories; ships of war, naval docks, and other establishnients connected with the nav.y; public edifices of various descriptions, whether for purposes marine Pr civil; arming the militia; the purchase of lands from the Indians, and other expenses belonging to this departnient ofthe public service. On such objects, and others kindred to them, the expenditures during these three years have reached a sum little short of fweive millions of dollars. A nation that, after providing for the regular support ^of its Gpvernment, is seen to proceed in this manner in ^ the payment of its. public debt, and in additional disbursements sP considerable, for which equivalents remain, that for the most part are of permanent value to the nation, cannot be regarded as other than prosperous in its fiiiancial eondition. >. . . ' That the exact situation of the whole funded debt at this fime may be seen, the several parts of which it, consists will,be distinctly set forth, for the full infoYmation of Congress. , . '• ' ; 390 REPORTS OP T H E . [1827; Its 'total -amonnt, on the 1st of October last, was (statement No 1) $6,8,913,541 08." This siim comprehends the old revolutionary'three per'^ents, amounting to $13,296,247 70, redeemable at the pleasure of the Government; and the seven mihions, subscribed to the Bank of the United States, also redeemable at the pleasure of the Government. * •• ' - The residue of the debt was contracted after the commencement of the war of 1812, and consists of various loans and stocks, created and liedeemable at ^periods as follow: . ' 1. The sum o^f $4,244,587 07, at six per. ceht., being the residue unpaid ofthe loan linder the act of the 8th of February, 1813, and redeemable in 1826. The amount authorized to be borrowed under this "act was ^ sixteen millions. For this sum, certificates of stock issued' to the' amount of $18,109,^377 43, a premium having been given to the lenders. Of this amount there remain uhpalid, as abovP, $4,244,587 07. ., ^ ^2. The sum of $13,096;542 90, at six per cent., being the residue unp,aid of loans made under the act pfthe 24th Pf March, 1814, and redeemable in 1827. The amount authorized'by this act was twenty-five mihions. Of this amount there was borrovved, under loans contracted in 1814, thesum of $12,942,423 26. For this sum, certificates of stoPk issued to.-the amountof $16,108,014 43, under a prernium to the lenders, as above, of whicli there remairi unpaid ofthe loan contracted on the 2d day of May, "in that year, $8,507,866 36; of that contracted on the 22d of August, $4,050,780 77] and of bther smaller loa'ns,. contracted under the act, in the course ofthe same year,V$537,895 77; niaking, in the whole, $13,096,542' 90 as first above stated. ' • 3. The sum of, $9,490,699 10, at six per cent., being the residue nnpaid ofthe loan under the act of the 3d of March, 1815, and redeemable in 1828. - This acit authorized a loan of eighteen minion four hundred-and fifty-two thoiisand, eight hundred,doilars. There was borrowed' uiider it the sum of $11,699,3.26 .63, priricipally by the' funding of Treasury notes, and certificates of .stock issued to the amount of $12,288,147 66, ofwhich there remain unpaid, as above, $9,490,099 10. ' 4. The sum of $769,668 08, at an interest of four and a half per cent., being one half of the^six per cent, stock of 1813 exchanged under the act of Congress of the ,3d of March, 1825, and redeemable^in 1829. 5. The sum of $769,668 08, at an interest of four and a half per cent:, being the other half of the six per cent, stock exchanged as above, a n d r e : deemable in 1830. . . . ^ -6 The sun\of $18,901 '59, at fiye per cent, being one third part ofthe sum. of $56,704 77, issued in exchange for six per cent, stock pf 1813, 1814, anda815, under the->act,of the 20th of April, 1822, and redeemable in 1831. ' . ' . • . ' . •)','-' ' . • '• • 7.; Thesum of $18,901 6%, at five per cent.',' being one other third part ofthe sum subscribed as abbve stated, and redeemable in 1832. B. Thesum of $10,ObO,000, at four and a half per cent,.'being stock created under the. acts of the 24th and 26th of May; 1824, for sums borrow-" ed ofthe Bank Pf the United States, one-half to pay the Florida claims, the other half to pay off the six percent, stockof 1812, and redeemabiein'1832. 9. The sum of $999,999 13, atfi^veper ceitt., being stock created by the/ act of the 15th of May, 1620, and' redeemable- in 1832. 10. The sum of $18,901 59, at five per cent, being.the remaining third subscribed under the act of the 20th of April, 182.2, and redeemable in 1833. 1827.]- SECRETARY OF THE-TREASURY. 391 11. The sum of $2,227-,363 97, at four and a half per cent., being one lialf of the amount subscribed in exchange for six per cent stock of 1813, tinder the act of the'26th of May, 1824.' and redeeinable in 1833. / 12. The sum Pf $2,227,363 98, at four and a half per cent., being the other.half subscribed under the'act last above stated, and redeemable ih 1834;':. •• •, '^ . • '• . • 13. The sum of $4,735,296 30, at five per cent, being the amourit of stock issued under the act of'the 3d of March; 1821, and redeemable in 1835. • • \' . ; •> •. ,^ . ' ^ • •• The foregoing enumeration gives the aggregate'of$68^913,541( 08, stated as the amonnt of the debt on 1st of October last Of this aggregate, it may not be improper here to state, that'$49,001,215 36 are; owned in the United States, and $19,912,325 72 by foreigners. • , ^A payment being about to be riiade, on account of "the principal Pf the <debt, atthe close of the; present year, in addiMon to one that was rriade in •July, its total" aggreofate amount, on the Ist of January^ 1828, will be .$67i4.13;377-92.; "• ", " "• , '• . . ^ To make up this-aggregate, all the itenis exhibited in the foregoing view^ of the whole debt are included. But the whole together gives the nominal rather than the real ariioiirit of the debt. Its real am.ount on the .1st pf Jariiiary,-'1828, will be but a fractiPn above sixty mih-ioris.' • The sum of seven millipns subscribed by the" Government to the Bank of the UnitedStates, is, in effect, destroyed as debt, by the United States-own ing an^equal amount in the shares ofthe bank. So far is this sum from being any charge upon the.Treasury, that the Treasiiry is annually receiving interest fPr it, in the dividend? upon the shares. Whenever the latter are sold, they may a.t least be expected to replace the sum that was invested "in them. The old revolutionary three per bents, too,.have now existed nearly fPrty y'ears. By the provisionsi of the sinking fund act, tliis stock can only be bought up and extinguished by the Government, when, the pfice shall fall to sixty-five dollars "for every one hundred dollars. This, in all probability, will prevent, for sonie time to come, the $13,290,247 70^, ofwhich this stock consists, being any charge upon the resources of the hatiPn, so far as paying off the .principal is cancerned; as it would be" difficult to say when the obligation to-pay it off will attach, under the above act, or when it could otherwise be •done with full adyantage to the public. It is many years since this stock has been as low as sixty-five dollars for one hundred, andlhere is no present prospect of its falling so low. The portions of the debt, therefore, which, under the-existing enactments ofthe la.w, can a\l6ne be met by an annual and ascertained process of extinguishment, unless the three per cents should be paid'off at one hundred, cannot be computed at more than $47,117,130 ^2! It is plain that this amourit is rapidly hastening to extinguishment.' If the United States continue at peace, (and there is, happily, no present prospect of its interrnption,) their debt must, in a few years more, disappear. The new obligations, which will devol ve,upon the riational councils, in reference to the pecuniary resources of the country, when liberated from large annual payriaents-ori account of the debt, the wisdom of thpse councils will, at the proper season,'know how to CvStimate. . , It remains to make known, in conclusion, under,this head^ the pperations had at the Treasury upon the public debt, since the adj otir n'merit of the last session of Congress. 392' R E P O R T S . O F TFIE • fl827,.. ^ In the last annual reporf from this departrnent, a loan to the amount of sixteen milhons, at an interest not to exceed five per cent, was recommended. The object of such a loan was to pay,off' a portion ofthe debt,: equal to sixteen millions, bearing an interest of six per cent.. No law to this-effect having passed, it became the duty of the.depar tment to proceed, in the work of paying off the six per cents, as far as the means of the Treasury would allow. Accprdingly, on the 1st of July, the sum of 5,007,303 j % \ dollars was paid on account of the six per cent, loan created by the act of the 8th of February, 1813.. By the decision ofthe commissioners of the' sinking fund, in September, it was agreed that the further sum of 1,500,000 dollars should be/paid,'on account of'the same loan, at the termination of the present quarter of this year. Piiblic notices have been issued in conformity with this decision, and are now outstanding. A small fraction over the sum I s included in the notice, the terriis of the loan having rendered it necessary that the certificates, to he paid o£F should be fixed upon by lot, and the last drawn riuriiber in this instance, as in the payment of July, having given the fractional excess. The manner of drawing the lots, havirig been minutely described in a paper annexed to the last anriiial report, will not here be repeated. In deciding upon the further payment of 1,500,000 dollars, the commissioners had due reference to the ith section of the sinking fund act of March 3d, 1817, which declares, that "whenever there shall be, at any time after an adjournment of Congress, in any year, a surplus of money in the Treasury above the sums appropriated for the service of such year, the payment ofwhich to the coriimissioners ofthe sinking fund will yet leave in the Treasury, at the end ofthe year, a balance equal to two millions of dollars, then such surplus shall be, and the same is hereby, appropriated ta the sinking fund, to be paid at such times as the situation pf the Treasury will best perrriit:" But this provision was not'viewed as creating any obstacle to the decision. The construction and practice at the TreasLiry,. . since the passage ofthe act, have invariably been, npt to consider the above provision as attaching, so long as any part of the ten,millions remaiii unapplied to the debt; this surri being considered, under the very object and terms ofthe act, as a standing apprppriation for the service of the year. No further remarks are-deemed-necessary at this tinie, in relation to the public debt. Should the laws respecting it remain unchanged, payments on account ofthe principai will continuP to be made throughout the ensuing: year, in such ways as the obligations of the laws direct, and the means of the Treasury may best allow. . . • . PUBLIC REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF T t l E YEARS 1826. AND 1 8 2 7 . The nett revenue which accrued from duties on import? and tonnage, during the year 1826, amounted (A) to $20,248,054 30 The actual receipts into the Treasury from a!ll sourcps, durino-the ^rear 1826^ amounted to ' ,-; $25,260,434 21, ' .. - • V i z . • ' Customs, (statement A) ^ - ' Public lands, (statement D) . . ,Dividends on stock in the Bank of the United States, arrears Pfinternalduties ahd direct taxes, and incidental receipts, (statement E) . : . - 23,341,331 ],393,785 - , -^ 500,228 77 09. .. 90' 1827.]' SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. • Repayments of advances made in the War ' . . '. Department, for services or supplies prior to the 1st of July, 1815 .- . ; $25,088 45, • . 393 ; . .. Making,^with the balance in the Treasury on the 1st of" January, 1826, uf' -' . - . $5,20L6S0 43 An aggregateof • The actual expenditures of the counts; during the year 1826, to - • V i z . • ^ : . , - > . - ' : - 30,462,084 ,64 United States, on all ac; amounted (statement F ) . ' -• 24,103,398 46 •• ^ • . Civil,, diplomatic, and miscellaneous - $2,600,177 79 ~ Military service-, including fortifications, , * ordnance, Indian ,department, revolu,^ .' , ^tionary. and military pensions, arming ' the militia, and arrearages prior to the • ] st of .January, 18i7 - 6,243,236 03 Naval service, including the gradual in.; . crease of the navy • - - 4,218,902,45 ', Publicdebt .,- 11,041,082 19 , " ' . , Leaving a balance in the Treasury, on the 1st of January, ^ 1827, of - . 6,358,686 18 The actual receipts into the Treasury, during the first - > three quarters of the year 1827, are estimated to have amounted to '. . . - - ,-$17,488,810 07 Yiz. ••• '• • •' .• • / Customs ' -• T $15,142,892 68 Public lands, (statement G) ' ; - 1,212,011 29 Dividends on stock in the Bank of the . • United States ., ' . , 420,000- 00 Arrears of internal duties and direct taxes, . ' and incidental receipts, (statement H) -. 681.561 12 [This item ^includes the sum of 602,480 dollars, as the first moiety of a sum paid by the British Govern' ment," l')y virtue of a convention under the article of the treaty of Ghent, for slaves^ carried ofif. by British officers, in contravention of that treaty; which sum, as it is paid out to the American claimants, by Treasury warrants, in the usual form, has a place among the actual receipts of theyear, though no part of the revenue.] Repayments of advances rifiade in the War Departnaent, for services or-supplies prior to the 1st of July, 1815 - - .'. first . • • , • . '. . • , •.. / . .32,344 98 - . And the actual receipts intp the Treasury, during the fourth quarter pfthe year, (including the other moiety ofthe sum explained as above,) are estimated at - . .5,117,480 00 394 , ^' REPORTS OF T H E [1827. Making the total estimated receipts into the Treasury, duringtheyear 1827 -• - . -< •.$22,606,290 07 And with the balance in the Treasury on the 31st of December, 1826, of ' -• ..- 6,358,686 18 An aggregateof ' ^ •: • , - $2S,964,976-25. The expenditures of the ^rst thi;ee quarters of the year 1827, are. estimated to ' have am.ounted to (statement 1) -$17,895,390'96 , • Viz. - • , Civil,' diplPmatic, miscellaneous and - $2,013,520 47 • •|;ThisitemincludesS294,393 23, . . / • ' - ' . . \> paid to the Americah claim- ' . ' .. ' ants, under the first article of ' • , , . . ' ' the treaty of Ghent, in virtue ." . ' ' of awards duly made in their •. ' , favor.] . . . ., Military service, including-.fortifications, .ordr ^ nance, Indian depart-' • ment, re voliitionary and ^ mihtary pensions, arm•ing the mihtia, and arrearages prior to the Istof January, 1817. - 4,750;271 15 Naval service, including ^- , . • • the gradnal increase of ,. the riavy - 3,458,575 91 Public debt, viz. ReimbuTseriient of prin- ' . cipal - , 5,007,303 68 , Payment of interest 2,665,719 75 . " . • • . • . . • .'— .; • ] | ' ' And the "expenditures of the fourth quar- . ter are estimated at -^ ' - , :- ,4,800,000 00 • Viz. - ' Civil, diplomatic, miscellaneous , : and - [This item, includes $92,6^7 67, • as arnount of ^awards, underthe fir.st article ofthe treatv of Ghent] • - , ' $672,243 42/ ; , ^ , ^ " • ; ' • • • 1^ ' Military service, includ. ing fortifications, ^ord-. > nance,; Indian depart- . ment,Tevolutionaryand ^ ' . . . ^ mihtary pensions, arm/ ; ing the militia,,and ar-- • fi . - ^ .* ; , • rearages prior to the 1st ; " ' • -af^Janu^ry, 1817 , - ,900,000 GO ^ ; ' ,i ", ' , . - I 1827.J. • SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY. Naval service, including ' ' the gradual increase of • 'the navy -•• - $875,000 00 Pubhc debt, vi^:' ', . Reimbursement of prin' .• cipal- • •• 1,'500,163 16' \ ' Payment of interesi - 852,593 42 .• 395 ' ' •' Making the- total expenditure of. the year 1827 "' " ' , - • $22,695,390 96 And leaving in the Treasury, on the 1st of January. 1828, an estimatedbalance of - ' ^ -' - V '- ' $6,269,585 29 It will be observed, from the.aboye statements, that the receipts irito the Treasury, from all sources, in 1826, were $25,260,434 21. The sum at which they were estimated in the annual report of 1825 was $25,500,000. From" the statements-and estimates applicable to 1827,itwill also beobserved, that the syrns received, and expected to be received, from all sources, during this year, (apart from the moneys paid under the trieaty of Ghent,) will amount to $21,401,330 07. The amount at which, they were estimated, i.n the annual report of 182.6,, was $23,150,000. . It is therefore expected that the entire receipts of 1827 will be $1,748,669 93 less than the estimates presented in 1826. , : ^ ^ Of this difference, upAvards of $400,000 were caused by postponements in the sales of the public lands. The esth-nate in 1826, of receipts from this source for 1827, was fixed at.two millipris of dollars. This' was founded, \n part, as stated iri the report, on expected sales of a cprisideralble quantityof relinquished lands in Alabama. These sales having been postponed until 1828, the amount,yhich it was anticipated they would yield should therefore be stricken from the estiriiate. With this deduction the ariiount produced by the sales of the ]3ublic lands in 1827 will be found to correspond very nearly, in all other particulars, with the estiniate. . The remaining difference has been in the customs. This has proceeded from the uncertainties that attend all estimates of the revenue depending upon foreign commerce—itself ever uiicertain. These estimates, whether given by,this department, or by committees of Congress, specially scrutinizing theni under all the lights attainable, have often, heret;ofore, from causes impossible to have been foreknown, iDeen disappointed by the result. The disappointment has sometimi^.s been upon a larger, sometimes upPn a smaller scale. Such estimates can, therefore, on rio occasion be regarded in any other Ught than as an approximation to that sum, always desirable to be known, but rarely, if ever, in a long series of years, foretold with precision. The estimates presented for 1827 were formed upon bases which had the sanction of past experience in giving, reasonable promise ofa fair approach to the true result. Whilst, on the one side, expectations of a redundant income should not,be too confideritly indulged, it becomes a\ duty, on, the other, not to estimate the receipts below the amount which the usual probabilities seerii to warrant, lest the public servicP should be stinted in any useful particular by the restrained appropriations of Congress. The importa: tipns for 1827, taking into the account the calendar year,will, itis believed, as before intimated,..exceed the importations for 1826. But,those for the first two quartersof 1827 have been very smalj. Had they borne the sanie 396^ ^ ^ REPORTS OP T H E [1827,. prpportion to those of the last two quarters, that the importatiPns of the fir&t two quarters have borne to those of the last two, on an average of five years preceding, the actual receipts into, the Treasury from the customs in 1827 would have been larger. This effect would have grown out of thelerms of ,credit allowed on duty bonds. By these terms, a portion of the payments always falls due within the year, on importations made during the first six inonths pfthe year. The average importations for .the first six months, during "five years that preceded^ 1827, were larger than those for the last six months. For 1827, there is every probability that this ratio of importations, on the time Pf the whole year, will be reversed. It is so, as far as yet ascertained. We are reminded, even by the experience of recent years, of the frequent'variations between the anticipations , and the issue in this part of our fiscal system. In 1817, the estimated receipts from tbe, customs were 24,000,000 dollars, and the actual receipts 26,283,348 dollars. In 1818, the estimated receipts were 20,000,000 dollars, and-the actual receipts 17,176,385 dollars, in 1819, 1820, and'1821, the estimates from the same .source Were successively given at 21.000,000 dollars, 19,000,000 doUars, and 14,000,0,00 dollars. The sums successive-, ly,recei ved. were, 20,283,608 dollars, 15,005,612, dollars,'and 13,004,447 dollars., These disappointments sprung from supervenient causes, the means of knovying which did not exist when the estimates \yere made. There have beeri,,at pther epochs, differences much, more considerable, which need not be detailed ; yet it may not be irrelevant to'the purpose of setting forth the-intrinsic uncertainties of this/ branch of revenue, to add, . that for the last of the years here indicated, after the estimate had been gi veil in from the Treasury at 14,000,000 dohars, the proper committee of one of the brariches of the legislature; thinking it too low, raised it to fifteen mihions. The receipts, for that year (1821) scarcely exceeded .thirteen millions, as already stated^ The allusipn to these facts would be incomplete in its purpose, without the further remark, thatthe affairs of this department are well known to have been conducted with great general accuracy during the years mentioned. , ' . ' > ', The balance of $6,269j585 29 that will probably be in the Treasury'on the" 1st of January, 1828, will be subject to the Ibllowing charges: 1. The balance of unapplied appropriatioris which will.remain to be satisfied after the 1st of:.January, 1828, estiniated' .at $3,980,000. 2. About one million ofdollars, in funds that cannot be considered as effective, being made up pf debts due from banks in seyeral, of the States, heretofore used by the Gpvernment as banks of deposite, or the notes of which were received whilst payments in specie were suspended. As was stated in a former report, the recpyery of these debts, though measures to that end are in train, .must, in many instances, be regarded as doubtful, and will probably be .slow in all. 3. T h e s u m of $817,880, being the amount which it is beheved will remain unpaid of the moneys received under the first article of the treaty of Ghent.; , ; . / . ' ^ ESTIMATE OF THE PUBLIC REVENUE AND EXPE^^DITURE FOR 1 8 2 8 . The value ofimportationsinto the United States during the year ending .on the 30th of September last, is estimated at eighty-one. millions of dollars. The exportations for the same period are estimated at eighty millions. When the more exact statistical returns for the year are laid before Congress, as they will be in the course of the session, it Avillbe perceived 1827.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. • 397 that there has been a diminution'in the imports frorii China, during thp present year, as compared with .the past; the diminutiori has been very "considerable, both in teas and silks. This fact will show, in the end," the greater excess of importations froiri Europe during the present year, whpnce our foreign'manufactures are principally derived. The fourth year is now in progress since the passage ofthe act of Congress augmenting the duties on imported merchandise;; we are, therefore, at a point enabling us to speak on grounds more.authentjic thari hitherto ofthe effect of that act upon the foreign commerce'of the nation. By comparing, the time that has elapsed since its operation with an equal portion of time that preceded.it appears that both the imports, and exports have, in the aggregate, increased. They 'staiid thus: total value of importations for the years 1822. 1823, and 1824, two hundTcd and forty-one millions of dpllars; total for 1825, 1826, and 1827, two hundred and sixty-two millions : total value of exportations "for the three former years, two hundred and twenty-two millions; total value for the three latter years, two hundred and. fifty-seven mihions. • Fractions are-dropped both ways. The result is not effected by the re-eicportations ,of foreign merchandise for the same tiriie, which bear a proportion, as nearly as- may be, equal, on the basis of importations for the two periPds. It will be understood that, in these statements of importations and exportations fpr a term of six years, those for 1827 are giveri by estimate only for a portion Pf the year; but it is not belieyed that there wih be any such change in them as to shake the general results. . The articles of domestic manufacture exported in 1827 are esrimated at upwards of seven miUions of dohars ; a , sum greater than that to which they have ever before amounted in any one year. . ' ' A tariff of duties upon loreign jDroductipns may, w.ithout doubt, be so raised as tp affect injuriously the iriterests of foreign commerce. To suppose that the tariff of the United, States, established bythe act of Ma}^, 1824, is at such .a pitch, would be contrary to analogies afforded by the history of other commercial nations, and, thus far, to the experience of our own. It is believed, on the contrary, that its rates might beaugniented in- important particulars, without hazarding any'such consequences to foreign trade in its. ultimate course and aggregate value, and that a true national pohcy dictates their augmentation. The increase of our imports and exports, since the tariff of 1824, becomes the more striking, from the consideration that, in 1826, there was witnessed in Europe an extraordinary depression of prices. This was followed by a proportionate stagnation in aU the operations of purchase and sale. The evil assumed a magnitude, productive, in that hemisphere, not only of great individual suffering, but of anxiety in Governments. It was at such a moment that we began to reap the benefits ofthe profitable turn given to a portion ofthe industry of our owri country by the provisions ofthe tariff. Had it not been for the demand of our own manufacturers for some of the agr;icultural staples of the country, the presumption is authorized that the fall of prices in Europe at that period would have been differently felt by our agricultural classes here. Similar occlirrences abroad had, on fornier occasions, beeri foliowfed by pecuniary losses inlhiscountry, inuch more extensive "and formidable. The increased number of artisans within our bwn borders, andgreater scope of their operations, evidently tended to leave the agriculturist less exclusively dependant upon foreign markets than^if the latter had been his sole reliance. Nor have the benefits of manufacturing industry ended here. The proof strengthens 398 , . REPORTS OF T H E , [1827. that many articles have becoiiie cheaper, more abundant, and of superior quality, by the effect of competition among the home'artisans, than when derived only frorri abroad. The opening of new objects of labor, by multi])lying the occupations of men, has alsp increased the public, prosperity. This has produced an increased'^ability to buy all articles of consumption, whencesoever obtained. Hence foreign trade has not declined, of Which we have tlie-incpiitestable evidence just stated, whilst new domestic resourPes in manufacturing lab^or have been unfolding themselves. "^ As the latter are rriore amply brought out, it is confidently anticipated that'the fornier will, become wider, and more enriching in its range. If the new fields of labor have only, as yet, been opened in' particular divisions ofthe country,'other divisions will reap a fiill,rneasure of benefit. If there can be no dissent to the maxima as between independent nations, that the prosperity of one promqtps that of another, it cannot be doubted that different part^.of the same nation will derive reciprocal prosperity (rom the. same cause. The Uriited States are distinguished in this respect by a lot as peculiar as it is favorable : nothing can exceed the inducempnts to various and subdivided traffic that abound within their own limits. It is liere that the economist may hope to see exemplified every essential advantage of thp foreign and home' trade blended in the same system, moulded by the same policy, and- freed from the jealousies that have frustrated, arid must ever ppn tinue tolrustrate, the benevolent but impracticable theories of comnaermhl intercourse as between distinct nations. It is iiot merely.that the extent of climate and soil inthe Union are adapted to all pursuits that can give activity and fruitfulness to industry under every form ; these are but natural advantages : it is the excharige of the.products of industry upon terms the most desirable arid ,the. most gainful, throughout so ample an extent of home dominion, that will exalt such .natural advantages tothe utmost. It is here that commerce may be carried on, freed from every restriction, and probably for .the first time« upon a pplitical and geographical theatre so expanded. The appropriate industry of each portion may go into unfettered action : of Louisiana and of jyiassachusetts, of Georgia and of Rhode Island. A vast; horiie trade, resembling foreign trade, as well by inlervening, distances as jthe nature of its exchanges, 'wilf be- prosecuted, whether alorig the ocean; or the water highways of the interior, untrammelled by toll's or imposts of any kind, and without even the necessity of custom-houses, orgivingito such establishments uses only formal. Such-.a trade, however, can only;have its proper value by the extensive success of manufactures ; there is nothing else cari impart to labor in the United States the riecessary variety in its objects^' and the necessary regularity and fulness ' in the deriiarid; there is riothing else can adequately augment and diversify the list of comniodities, for which the necessities and enjoyments of improved life are ever making calls ; there is nothing else will raise up towns on the surface of our territory at every commanding point, without which land-can never be made ioyieldthefullamount of which it is susceptible, or the/farmerbe sure of steady andremunerating prices. It hardly need be addedhow a course of policy that would infuse augmented vigor and briskness into a coasting I trade, ernbracing in its range nearly one-half of a contirient, would tend to enlarge, in all waysy.the essential foundations of naval strength. Manufactures are recommended by every consideration that cari bear xipon the riches, the security, and the ,powef of the State. The effect upon agrieulttiralpriGeSj-produGed by thep^^ presence of armies in acotin 1827.] "SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. . 399' try, will riot too strongly illustrate theextent ofthe benefit thatthe manii: facturing class renders to the class of .farmers. The parallel ends, indeed, here, and ends beneficently; fpr whilst the soldier does nothing but consume^ the riianufacturer produces as well as consumes ; supplying the farmer with .articles as necessary as. those which he receives from him... Manufacturing iridustry advances the intellectual, no less than the physical, power of a State, by the various knowledge which its complicated pursuits put into requisition^ It is the course of industry which, must lay the^foundation of those arts .which tend to refinement in a natjon, for which intellectual nations, and none more than re]3ubhcs, have acquired renown. • Thetime has passed when objeptions might be made to manufactures, from the limited amount of our population and the dearness of labpr. The population throughout large portions of the Union is now sufficient, both in amount and density,for any operations of manual labor.;, whilst science, by applying its inventions to this kind of labor, has abridged its expensiveriesSo Where a, single Sta.te of the Unidii has recently been seen to.coraplete a public work, which, for its great extent and skilful execution, may comparp with similar works achieved in any.part of the world, it will not readily be . believed that the country, ofwhich that State is but a part, can be deficient. in the means of prosecuting manufacturing labor, however extended' the scale upon which it may be demanded. The coiiipletion'of such a work^ (the New York canal,) is, of itself, a memorial of the highest authenticity that the riation has reached a point qualifying it for whatever undertakings its true.'interests point out, and to which other nations have .been found equal. As little has the obje,ction to manufactures, foiinded upon moral causes, any place. That they lead to deterioration in portions pf the people, is npt to be admitted. Facts, on the. contrary, teach-that the freest and most,enlightened, as weh as most opulent and powerful countries of , EiiirQpe, are those in which manufactures bear the greatest proportipn to the other prPdiictiye classes. Their success begets, industry, which is favorable to good habits;, it begets prosperity, which supplies them with comforts, ^and raises up their condition. The remark rests on general resiiUs,\aside frorn pavlial exceptions-. It is equally borne out by facts, that countries in which ther eis. an undue .predominance of agricultural populatiori: are the pboresty^aiid. their inhabitants the most depressed. Sailors, eorisiderecl as a class, have their lives shortened by the hardships that they nndprgo ; yet, when was this alleged as a reason for extirpating commerce ? In like nianner, that Go-,equal',agent in hftirigupthe condition of nations—^ mariufactuiingindustry^^wpuld be entitledto favor, even if partial evils flo.w(ad frpm itj, as these, must give, way in. the scheme of society tb prepondeiiatinggood. But if authentic inforniation justifies the cpnclusipn that the pursuit of manufactures tends not to deterioratipn in a people,,but the .reiverse, the .policy inculcated acqnires The experience of our myn <;ouritry confirms the accourits from others; and we may be allowed I Q addlheihope, that the influence of our political institutipns upon individual andfsocial life, will operate to keep up still mpre the irioral tpne of this por-r tipri of pur population, as time multiplies it»s numbers. Eemarks like/the preceding are beheved to be justified by the success; which manufacturing industry has already attained in the Uriited States, as far as it has .received^ adequate prPtection. They are conceived to^ be not lp3S: appropriate to. the design which isi.ehtertained of reconimending, an in: ctease of that.protectiori, where it is most.^deniaiided. There is: little hazard 400 ; REP.ORTS OF T H E •• • i* ;[1827, > "of a. community ever forcing manufactures not adapted to its soil, climate' 'and all its other capabilities. 'Still, less, can the hazard exist, where the powers, of legislation iare deposited in the hands'pf those who are imbued • with the collective intehigencp of the community. Every -country possesses its physical characteristics ; as those stamped by its.^ Govern ment, its laws, and the leading warits and tastes of its population. In these lie the 'causps that make lip its inherent capabilities for the pursuitof some branches of industry more than others: ^ Manufactures once estabhshed to the proper limit of these, and scope enough wiU remain for fbreign commerce in other GommPdities, that wilfcoriie into demand.. ^The demand for others neyer fails to iricrease, as increasing wealth at home enlarges the capacity to procure them,'and superinduces the new artificial desires that crave them. Wealth at home must increase, as manufacturing labor increases. Money, as representing wealth, must increase.; since each year that witnesses anincrease in theamouut of consumable goods, rnust witness a proportionateincrease in the medium necessary to circulate them. I'hese are truths too Pbvious to be dwelt upon,,'and too important to national prosperity to be disregarded in practice. Amongst the branches of home industry deserving --special,care at all times, are those which-conduce to subsistence, shelter, 'clothing, and defence. It! is intended, Pn the present occasion, respectfully to recommeridto the corisideration of Congress, as classing under one or other bf these primary heads, the expediency of increasing the present duties—-. ' . 1. Upon woollen goods and foreigri wool. . . 2. Upon fine, cotton goods.. , • ' 3; Upon bar irori. } 4. Upon heinp. ; . ^ . ^ . ' T h e t i m e that has passed since the tariff'of 1824 has been siiificient ta show that the duties fixed by it upon these articles are notvadeqnate-^ to the meakire bf success in-proiSucing them at home, vv^hich their cardinal importance merits. A change, ^ince 1824, in the laws of Grea:t Britain, in regard to those first named, has also rendered almost abortive the provisions of the tariff in their favor. It belongs to the purppse of this report, which looks to the encourageriient of the national industry in preference to any that is foreign, here to state, that for a period of six successive years, ending with 1826; the value of woollen goods and cotton goods, iniported into the United States from the country just named, exceeds one hundred millipns of dol- • lars; andthe value of irbn, and of articles manufactured from iron, seventeen millions. During orie of these years, the woollens exported from that country to this exceeded the amount of those exported to the, whole pf Europe put together; For the means of exchange against an amount of foreign manufactures so great, the United States have had three principal staples of their soil, viz: wheat flpur, tobacco, and botton. The first of these, the same couritry has, by her laws, positively or virtually excluded, duririg.-the sarne period of years, froni consumption within her domains. The $econd she has admitted; under a; duty of more than six hundred per cent. The _third she, has received with little iscruple. She has known how to convert it into a nieans of wealth to hep.owri industrious people, greater than had fever before,' in her whole jan nals, been derived from any single conimodity. This she has dpne, first, by working itup forher home use, upon thelargpst scale ; and next, by making it subserve the interests of her foreigh trade. She has sent it over all seas,-wherever a market opened, but;chiefly back again to us, to be bought, under the enhancements of her own labor, at prices '1827.] ' SECRETARY OF T H E TKEASURY. 401 four and. fivefold those which she has paid us fdr it. Commerce, upon the terms attested by such facts, cannot be pronounced just as between the parties. The conviction is deeply entertairied,. ihat the best interests of the nation point to fhe expediency of reviewWg • and' correcting a species of commercial intercourse so uneq'u'al. It rimy be apphcable to subjoin, that the woollen, cotton, andiron goods, imported from all other parts of the world, during the years indicated., are found to be but about .oncrsixth part of the value of those obtained from the country whose laws fall with .edicts of exclusion, or with-such disproportionate duties, upon the produce^of the United States, not only of the articles me^itipned, but more that might-be mentioned. The complete establishment: ()f American manufacturers in wool, cotton, i.ron, and hemp, is believed ^> be of very high moment to the nation. All the principal raw materiaVipt-' carrying them on are at hand, or could be commanded. The skill fo-itopfti'titig excellence to them would come at the proper time. There w/nld be no want of labor;'to which an abundant water-power, as well o-^ artificial machinery, would everywhere be lending Its assistance. Capi^^l would befound for investment in theni. If their establishment by tl^ immediate protection of the laws should, at first, raise the cost'of, the 'a>tieles, and, for a succession of years, keep it up, a true forecast, looking' to the future, rather than adapting, alf its calculations to the existing libur, would not hesitate "to embrace tbe protecting policy. Nations, that; would found schemes of solid and durable advantage, must be ready to d/so at the peril of temporary privation. It is the great term of natipnal/s of individual superiority and distinction. To buy cheap, is not the on 1/, or always the chief, good. It is for legislators, who have to deal with trip practical interests of.mankind, to give to abstract propositions the necessary limitations. Considerations, higher than those of present mercantile gain, have often swayed the councils pf nations—of nations, whPse wisdom in this respect we ought not lightly to impugn, anymore than we can at all question their long prerCminence in prosperity. Need it be said that England had hPr laws to protect her tonriage for more^than a century: during all which time she iriight have employed the tonnage of other states, at a price much below that at which she built and used her .own? Need it be added, what results to her maritime and corrimercial sway have flowed from her .resolute perseverance in those laws? Need it be said that France, coh^ spicuous for positive as for progressive riches, and comforts, and power, still excl tides from her territory fabrics that might trench upon the custom of her own workshops, in brariches of labor find art l:)elieved tP be conducive to the national resources, whilst they confer also the means of ihdividual ^ thrift? Shall the. many laws of these two great states, a,t periods when they.were laying the foundations of their manufacturing industry, be re. counted, all tending to foster it by inducements the most efficacious—^laws, to the essential.principle ofwhich they stih, in so many i^istances, systematically adhere? Shall we call to recollection, especially, the ordinance of M. Calonrie, which invited to France artificers from all nations, allowing them equal privileges with those they enjoyed in their native countries, arid granting them an imriiunity from duties on the iniportation ofthe materials used in their manufactures; nay, more, exempting them- and their workmen from all personal or other taxes? These, \yitli analogous illustrations, as numerous as applicable, wfll be forborne, as too familiar to be recapitulated. The protecting laws to our own tonnage, our own coasting trade, our own fisheries, stillin force, and wKich first raised up the prostrate navigation of VOL. II.—26 402 : . ^ RE.PORTS. OF T H E _ " [1827. the United States, may supersede other, references. These show how tbe fathers of the republic weie awake to the .wisdom of other times and either nations, knowing how to make it their own. Their recorded opinions attest that they were equahy awake lo the principle of encouraging manufacturp^s, in the broadest sense. If they did not carry if farther iruo practice, it is because a.proper discrimination saw,la the circumstances of that early day, virhether as regarded the s^tate'of'the world from without, or our own. internal con difion, no suffi^cieipt ri:i,otive for giving tolhe principle a inore extended application. But if jthis species of industry should not be prematurely gone into, so neither ought the laws to neglect it too long. Excellence is o*f slow growth. Rarely is it quick or spontaneous in. the.material, any more than in the moral world. [Time is an agent iXdispensable towards inducting a'^pepple into'the full knowledge ofthe manuflcturirig arts. They are COIIIT plex; they are difficult.' They are to be learnedonly by"stages, throughout a long course of application and efforts, as mind\s evolved by education ; institutions for promoting: which, the laws, in the w^^est countries, are careful to foundvand to nurture. When, therefore, neitW paucity of population .nor of means any longer hold as reasons for not\ultivating these'arts amongst us; and when those external circumstarices V^ve-passed away, which drew nearly all of lour population into commerce bi into husbandry, the jDeriod for permanently fixing them as an integral irUeiest iri the state seems fullyto have arrived. Whilst \ve repose in tranquillity^.the season is auspicious for entering Pffectually upon the 'work of establishing those specially recommended. Should war happen, it is not easy to sta'i^.the augmented resources with which ,we. should meet its exigencies, with these, manufactures, flourishing jin perfection, any riiore than to-portray the inconvenience which we should know in their absence. It is, therefore, frpixi the connexion of their success, with the 'leading interests of the state, in peace or war, that the conviction ,is felt that it would be expedient to secure thPir success, even -at the sacrifice, of cheapness to theindividual purchaser. .But no such consequence is to be apprehended. If it were a question of fostering manufactures fb;r which the circumstances of the. country'yielded not the abundant focihtie,s, as/with England when she'fpstered by her own laws her own tonnage, then, indeed, could success be accomplished only by indefinite forcing, to be .followed by indefinite monopplyjn price. Such is manifestly not the case. iManufactures of fine cottons,'of woollens of almost all descriptions, of iron jarticles, and of those from hemp, have already arrived at a point in the'United States justifying the conclusion that some additional encouragement from Congress is alone wanting to fix them upon lasting and profitable foundations. This additional encouragement is invoked as a proper offset to the liigh degree of success which foreign industry has attained in these branches by the effect of capital and skill, long preexisting in older nations, dnd long aided by their laws. These are advantages, not intrinsic, but accidental: yet theycannot be countervailed but by efficient legislative aid \p 6ur own establishments in the beginning. This afforded, and there is the ^'trongest reason, from past experience, to feel assured that American industry and resources, stimulated into full competition, will supply the commodities,cheaper in price, as well as better in quality, than they have heretofore come to us from other countries. The competition, increasing with tirne,.^111 unfold effects more and more useful. Every branch pf manufacture brought into successful operation is apt to become the parent of others. New imaterials'are discovered, new combinations of skill 1827.} ^SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. .403 struck out, new aptitudes developed; Industry becomes awakened, where before.it was inactive, carrying the country forward in individual wealth, in general cpmfortSj'and'in financial power. For promoting^he last durably, all expedients must prove fallacious that,are not based upon prosperous labor pervading all classes at home. The consumption of the products of every kind of home labor would'necess^irily increase with the increasing amount -of productiori, and, under more encouragement given to manufactures in thp branches recommended, might be expected to yield an. excess that wouldflow into our export trade, augmenting its amount and the amount of its returns. As regards cotton articles, such is the exuberance ofthe raw material in the United States, that it camiot be assuming too much to suppose that the day ' is not remote when tb^y will largely supply other eountries" of-the world with these fibrics. .Already.they liave begun to do so, to some extent, with those ofthe coarser species. ^.European science, applied, to the manufacturing arts, has indeed returned to India, in the manufactured-state, the native cotton of Indi^ ; btit it wiU be the. etfect of orir own policy if a similar.traffic be long permitted to.go on betweeri Europe^and the United States. That the latter Vill continue, under all circumstances, to supply Europe with a •full portion of raw cotton, cannot be doubted, from thepresentand growing -State of that inanufacture in Europe. That they might also be enabled, by the poWof recommended, to vie with any nation in sending even to the markets of Europe articles manufactured from this materjal, is an opinion.which is believed to rest upon no ex-agger ated estimate of their manu ftictu ring abiiity, hpwever dormant it may be in reference to such a result now. . That this invaluable raw material, but thirty years ago scarcely known to our own fields, any more than to the British loom, is destined to draw out a far greater portion ofthe productive labor of this country than it has yet put into action, and mark an era in its. manufacturing, as it has already done in its agricultural riches, is an anticipation vvhich ratiorial calculations ofthe future may justify. What is said of our cotton manufactures, may, it is believed, be said with scarcely less confidence, eventuaUy, though perhaps not immediately, of those of wool. The latter, from beingliiore complicated in their whole process, and more, difficult and costly in the skiU necessary to their elaboration, naturally require more time to be reared to perfection. They, claim on this account, and claim the more imperiously, the immediate and decisive succor of the,laws. , . > The opinion that these and other manufactures would.come to be afforded to us better in quality when obtained at home, cannot be passed over with only the simple expression of it. It is ofa nature entithrig it to some further notice. Amongst the disadvantages of manufactures not being more universahy established inthe United States, we are to rankthatof their inhabitants being obhged to use wares ofa low quality from abroad. It is known that a long list of articles is sent to us from both England and Frarice, if not from other, countries, which in those countries woald be rejected by a large class of consumers. ^ Furthermore, it is true thatan article injured in the making, ^ in reference to the highest character of workmanship, will, notwithstanding, be sometimes shipped to this market, in the hopeof finding for it bidders that could not so readily be commanded in Europe;. If it be said that the wealth of this country does not at present yield a class pf purchasers .for European articles ofthe highest workmanship, the answer recurs, that, by multiplying our own workshops, we should,, at the proper time, be supplied with like articles. It ought not to be supposed that the resources of our own country, ^ • REPORTS O F T H E ' ' [I827i and the ingenuity of our own. workmen, could -not, under adequate incentives, supply them as excelleriVin quality, and as perfect^ iri finish, as those made elsewhere- And,, although it may not now be convenient to any con.<^iderable class of consumers in this, eobntry to. make a call for articles of. 'fliis.highest stamp of manufactured excellence at the foreign prices, it isfiilly believed that the rivalry of numerous.artisans at home would raise up skill to a point that WPuld produce such articles, whilst it would bring dowa the prices to limits that \yould put them into circulation. It has not escaped observation, that in Ameriean manufactures .that have alrcjady, by the aid of the laws, obtained a preference to the foreign, there is ho inferiority, as compared with the^ best standards ofthe same species of mariufactures produced and conslinied in the foreign country. By-opening full scope to the competition and talents of our own artisans, the standard of excellerice, as well as the faculty of discrimination, would he raised to a.higher tone than when the one is formed, and the other exercised, as is now-- too often^ the' case, upon the secondary productions of other countries, v \ In appropriate cbnnexion with these remarks, it may. be stated, as a fict also known, that the.rav/cotton of the fir.st quality and price, which is sent from the Uriited Stales to Europe, is not that which is returned to the United States when manufactured. On the contrary, it is this species which is for the most part retained fbr consumptiori in Europe ; whilst fabrics wrPught from the inferior cotton are sent off to foreign markets generally, and ta those-of the United States amongst.the number. Further legislative assistance to manufactures at this juncture, coming, as it would, after an interval Ihat has leh time for the judgment of the nation to pass upon the good effects of the tariff of 1,824, as far as it has proved adequate, would impress the conviption at home and abroad that the manufacturing system was to be incorporated, with the well understood and durable policy of rhe natiori. Besides other'advantages from this conviction, we might reasonably expect to witness" that of seeing a new class of emigrants^ come to the United States. ' They would consist not merely of unemployed journeymen from foreign workshops, however useful these may be ; but, in all 'probability, of master manufacturers of capital and standing. How valuable emigrants.of this description would prove,liow they would help, to quicken, the progress of the • country in manufacturing skill and general riches, is attested by the experience of all natioris, the wisdom of whose laws has superadded such emigrants to their own population. The effect of their coming would not be to injure our own manufacturers. It would benefit them. It w^ould increase their ,riunibers;. It would raise more speedily the whole class, by blending it more thoroughly with all the other interests of the state. The foreign artisans, whom Britain sedulously drew to her shores at an early day, fully peopled as the whole of her circumscribed territory then was, in comparison with ours now, rank among the causes that first and most prominently elevated her condition among nations. The effects of their ingenious industry exerted a meliorating influence upon social life, by investing it with new means of accommodation and embellishmeiit, and was soon followed by the largest additions to the rural and commercial prosperity ofthe whole island. That the productiveness and perfection of English agriculture, at the present day, is owing to the size and power of her man ufacturing classes, is a truth not disputed. It is these classes to whose hands the harvests of her soil are carried, whether gathered from its surface, or extracted in exhaustless mineral wealth iS27.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. - '40B from beneath it. and who become the customprs'of it all—^^the ready, cbn.;sfant, unfkiling customei:s. - . There is an inducement to increase legislative protection to manufactures^ in the actual internal condition of the United States, which is viewed with an anxiousness belonging to its peculiar character and intrinsic weight... It is that which arises frnm the great extent of their unsold lands. The mag-, nitude of the interests |it stake in this part of our public affairs ought notlp appal us from approaching it. It should rather impel us to look at it with^ 'the more earliest desire to arrive at correct opinions on any course of legislaition that may affect, primarily or remotely, an interesi so full of importance. The maxim is held to be a sound onp, that the ratio ofcapital to population should, if possible, be, kept on the increase. When this takes place, the demand and compensation for labor will be proportionably increased, tind the •eondition ofthe most numerousclasses of ihe commuriity become improved. If the ratio of capital to population be diminished, a contrary state of things will be the result. The manner in which the remote lands of the United States are selling and settling, v/hilst it may possibly tend to increase more quickly the aggregate pop.ulatioii of the country, and the mere means of subsistence, does not increase capital in the same proportion. It isa propositiori too plain to require elucidation, that the creation of capital is retarded, rather than accelerated, by the diffusion of ia thin population over a great surface of .soil. Any thing that may serve to hold back this tendency tp^diffusion from •running too far and too long into an extreme, can scarcely prpve otherwise than salutary. Moreover, the further encouragement of manufactures by legislative means would be but a counterbalance, and at most a partial one, to the encouragement to agriculture by legislative means, standing but in the very terms upon which the public lands are sold. It is not here intended to make lhe system of selling oft', the territorial domain of theUnion a subject ef any commentary, and still less of any complaint. The system is interwoven beneficially with the highest interests and destiny of the nation. It rests upon foundations, both of principles and practice, deep and immoveable;. foundations not to be uprooted or shaken. But. our gravest attention may, on this account, be but the more wisely summoned to the consideration of correiatiye duties, which the existence of s.rich a system in the hea,rt ofthe state imposes. It cannot be overlooked, that the prices at which fertile bodies of land may be bought of the Government, under this system, operate as a perpetual allurement to their purchase. It must, therefore, be taken in, the light ofa bounty, indelibly written in the text ofthe laws theniselves, in favor of agricultural pursuits. Such it is in effect, though not in form. Perhaps no enactment of legislative bounties has 'ever before operated upon a scale-so vast, throughout a series of years, and over the face pf an entire nation, to turn population and labor into one particular channel, preferably to all others. The utmost extent of protection granted to manufactures or commerce, by our statutes, collectively,,since the first.foundation of the Government, hasbeen, in its iTiCre effect of drawing the people of the United States into those pursuits, as nothing to it. No scale of imposts, no prohibitions or penalties, no bounties, no preriiiums, enforced or dispensed .at the cus to mil ouse, has equalled it. It has served, arid still serves, to draw, in an annual stream, the inhabitants of a majority ofthe States, including amongst them at this day a portion (notsmah)of the western States, in to the settlement of fresh lands, lying still farther and farther off. If the population of these StateSj not yet redundant in fact, though appearing to be so, under this le 40:5 . • " -REPORTS OF T H E ' •• [1827. ,gisla,tive incitement to emigrate, remained fixed in morelnstanees, as it probably would by extending the motives to manufacturing labor, it is believed that the nation at large would gain, in two way's : first, by the more rapid accumulation of ca])ital.; and next, by the gradualreduction of the excess of its agricu.ltural population over that engaged in other vocations. Itis not imagined that it would ever be practicable, even if it were desirable, to turn this stream of emigration aside : but resources opened, through the influence of the laws, in new fields of industry, to the inhabitants of the States already , suificiently peopled to enter upon them, niight operate to lessen, in some degree, and usefully lessen, its absorbing force. The e^^e of legislation, intent upon the whole good of the nation, will look to each part, not separately as a part, but in conjunction with-the whole. The i:apidity with which, after all, a civilized population,- founding new and sovereign communities, will grow . up m those exuberant portions of territory, presents considerations favorable to. the mairi policy inculcated. This populatipn, carrying with it the wants and habits of society, will create a demand for manufactures, which must, at least for some time, be suppliedfromother sources. It will hence form the natural market of: purchase" and consumption for those produced in other parts of the Union, rather than in foreigri countries.' By this intercourse we may hope to see multiplied the comniercial and pecuniary ties whichlt is fit should grow up and be cherished throughout the whole federal family, superadding themselves to all other ties, and harmonizing ap.d compacting the elements of a great empire. Should it still be apprehended by any, that evils will be generated in a state of society^where large manufacturing classes co-exist with a frill population—to such minds, the reflection must prove consolatory, and re-assuring, that in the public lands a check to these evils will be at hand for'ages to come. This immense domain, besides embodying all the, ingredients, piatefial and moral, pf riches and power, throughout a long vista of'the future; may, therefore, also be clung to; under'the various springs and^conjoint movements-of our happy political system, as a safeguard against contingent dangers. Its very possession is conceived to furnish paramount inducements, under all views, for quickening, by fresh legislative, countenance,'manufacturing labor throughout other parts ofthe Union.' It is a power fo be turned to the account of nianifold and transcendent blessings, rather than reposed upon for aggrandizing too exclusively the interest of agriculture, fundaniental as that must ever be in the state. Agriculture itself would be essentially benefited ; the price of lands in all the existing States would soon becom.e enhanced, as well as the.produce from them, by a policy that would.in anywise tend to render portions of their present populatipn more stationary, by supplying .newand adequate motives to their becoming so. And, as it is, the laws that have largely, in effect, throughout ;a,long course of time..superinduced disinclinations to manufacturing labor, by their overpowering calls to ruraMabor, iri the mode of selling off' the pubhc domain, the claim of further legal, protection to the former kind of labor, at this day, seems to wear an aspect of justice no less than of expedienc3r. Firially: the great plans of internal improvement, so wisely in prosecution, or contemplated, in different po.rtionsof the country, will lose much of their object and value if activity be not.imparted to manufacturing industry. The increased facilities of conveyance which these plans are intended to effect, presuppose, as their ^basis, the, necessity of transferring the produce ofthe country from place to place. How such transfers will be increased by multiplying the.products of manufacturing labor, is apparent. New resources 1827.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 407 for this kind of labor may be expected to rise up, as these plans are in progress ; whether by bringing to light occult treasures, or by affording, through improved transportation, the meansof use tothose already known. And then, as manufacturing enterprise, acting upon a greater variety and abundance of miaterials, shah, be seen to enlarge its spheres, how much more reciprocally benefi-cial will not its exchanges become with the produce of the la'nd? Itis this state of things that will, emphatically bind together the' firmer,.the manufacturer, and the merchant, in orie indissoluble connexion. Towns and villages may be expected to ri^se up, in good lime, under such a .. policy, Jining the borders of our canals, us of our natural streams. Scenes. . of stirring industry will strike upon the eye, flowing from various and subdivided labor; the aggregate results of all which will stand out in the advancing cultivation and embellishments ofthe earth, and extended prosperity a M happiness of our people. This is tbe broad policy'suited to a nation d^estined by natural gi^fts to reach the heights of civilization and power. Such a nation rejects, as top 'confined, the counsels that would limit her to the walks of agriculture, of commerce, or manufactures, singly; seeing that her resources and aptitudes of all kinds confer upon her the warrant Pf pre-eminence in each. Unless in this combination, we have beheld'no state enjoy any other than an imperfect or transitory greatness. Whilst the efficient encouragement of manufactures is earnestly dwelt upon as conducive to the fiscal strength and gerieral prosperity of the-Union, the claims of foreign commerce press riot less forcibly upon our attention. Each interest is alike entitled, witbin proper bounds, tothe fostering superintendence of the legislative povy'er. Amongst the expedients for augmenting the foreign trade of'a country?-, otherwise than in.the exports of its own prpductions, none are believed to be more important than the warehousing system. It was this system that greatly contributed to the commercial riches • of some of the European sttites of the.middle ages, and that is now^-enlarging the commercial dominion .of nations of the present day. The. situation • of the United States, locally ; thenumber and position of .their ports, alorig so extended a line of coast; the tonnage of Vvrhich they are actually, in possession, with the commercial experience of their people, point them out as peculiarly fitted to derive advantage from this system, and serve to recommend for it raore liberal enactments than any ofwhich it has yet beeii the subject By our la.ws, as they now stand; the merchant is compelled to reexport, within a Iwelvempnth, the foreign commodity which he has importzed, or. lose the benefit of drawing back the duty he has paid upon it to the Government. . Hence, he loses all opp'ortunity, after this limit of time, of sending the commodity to seek foreign markets, when the market at-,home may fail. The restriction put upon him in this respect ought, it is conceived, tobe done away, by extending the time during .which he might ex'ercise the right of re-exportation. It is not believed that.the iircreased quaritity of foreignmerchandise, which such an, alteration in the laws might be the means of bringing to the country, would interfere with the interests of home manufactures, under the protection claimed for the latter, and the guards with which they might be surrounded. The result raight be expected to prove otherwise. At present, whenever, a redundancy of foreign goods is seen in the conntry, (as will happen occasionally in all trading countries, from the impossibility of adapting precisely the supply tothe demand.) the excess, if.not sent'abroad within the year, is thrown upon the home market, at whatever reduction of price. This operates to the injury both ot 408 , REPORTS OF T H E _, . [1827. the home manufacturer .'and the importer. By enlarging the time of re-exportation, with privilege of drawback, such excess, wheriever existing,would be rnore likely .to seek a vent in other countries, and with improved chances of finding it profitable. More especiahy might the prospects of this trade in re-exportations be increased, if no transit duty existed on foreign merchandise passing through our ports ; the necessary charges being also kept at the lowest possible point. This is a policy which the wisest commercial nations have observed. . 'An increased trade in reexportations, by increasing the carrying trade of. the United States, may be expected to increase their tonnage ; thus giving new activity tb^ ship-building, so highly important and valuable'a branch of manufactures to the country. The aspect ofthe times recommends to fiivorable consideration ^the alteration in the drawback system proposed. Political and commercial revolutions, occurring, all around us, renvnd us ofthe expediency^of reviewing our own com. mercial laws, in. points where4hese revolutions have affected, or may aflect^ the operation of them. . We have seen the principal part of this continent change th^.relations which.it held to Europe.. We have seen, as the eflect of this and other causes, ancient channels of trade deserted,-colpnial monopolies give way, and another system open. A new Gomiliercial era is begun, of which this hemisphere is to be theprincipal scene. We have be.jheld the nations of Europe watching the course of these sChanges, and accommodating their policy—especially the Warehousing policy—-to the new commercial wants and contingencies which have grown up, or are anticipated. VVe have'seen, above all, the leading commercial power of Europe, whose wakeful eye is abroad throughout the commercial world, extend this very policy, under.new,and advantageous facilities, tp her insular positions, in seas close to our borders.' This she has done with the purpose, not concealed, of availing herself of these changes, and of meeting, in the spirit of fair commercial competition, 'similar measures which she naturally supr posed would go into eflect on the side of tiie United States. No such measures have been taken by the United States. In the midst of the changes adverted to, our own cprnmercial legislation remains, so far as any bearing upon this nevvT.comme.ixial era is concerned,.at the point where, it stood inore than fiye-arid-twenty years ago.^ This single exceptipn is in the act of the last session of Congress, authorizing the importation of brandy in casks of smaller si^e than was permitted by.the act of 1799 ; an act o'bviPnsly de-. signed to improve our export trade in this article to the new states of this continent. - The merchant, like the manufacturer, and other interests of the •state, requires at proper-times the assisting hand of legislation; regulation, in one fbrm or other, being the great end of government, and useful or baffling to individual enterprise, as it is wisely or improvidently exerted. Should the. wisdom, of Congress deerii an alteration In the laws, with a view to enlarge the privilege of re-exportation, expedient, an authority to build-additional warehouses in some of the principal seaport towns would be. a necessary adjunct to the alteration. The local accommodation for merchandise that must go into store, under the existing laws, is insufficient. Larger and better constructed edifices are required, even for the preserit wants-of our commerce,fand would become altogether indispensable under an extension of the warehousing system. A commerce vvhich yields to the national treasury a revenue of twenty millions of dollars a year, under a tariff'far mpre nioderate, even since 1824, than that which has niarked the career of,any great state of modern times, is entitled to adequate andhberal 1827.] SECRETARY OF TH'E TREASURY. ^ 409 provisions, for the machinery necessary for carrying it on. Its local establishments should have reference, as weU to the security of the revenue, as to the reasonable accommodation of the merchant, and the,prompt despatch of business. It is probably not too rriucli to affirm, thait of the foreign mer.chandise, which, under the present comniercial code of the Union, is deposited in warehpuses, more than Pne-half is unduly exposed to depredation, to frauds, and tP fire, from the nature ahd insecurity ofthe present buildings. They are; besides, too often situated in places rempte from the customhouses and other commercial establishments, and inconvenient otherwise to the transaction of daily commercial business. Under circumstances such as these, the propriety of drawing the attention of Congress to the defects of the warehousing systeni seems suffici'entlyjustifiable. Where interests are" multifarious, as in free, populous, and opulent communities must be the case, the hand of Government must be variously extended. Som'etimes it is wisely applied to the effective regulation pf some of these interests, and sometimes it becomes as necessary to lighten its pressure upon others. Not only is it recommended to lessen the restriction which bur laws have so long imposed upon the merchant, in an extensive branch of the foreigii trade, but it is also conceived that there are articles entering intothe list of our imports; the duties upon which itwould be expedient to reduce. Amongst these, it is thought proper to mention teas and wines, as being prominent. The use of tea has become so general throughout the United States, as to rank almost ..as a necessary of life. When to this we add that there is no rival production at home to be fostered by lessening the aniount of its iniportation, the duty upon it may safely be regarded as too high. Upon sonie of the varieties of the article, it considerably exceeds one hundred per cent., and is believed to be generally above the level which a true policy points out.' A moderate reduction of the duty would lead to an increased consumption of the article, tp an extent that, in all probability, would, in the end, benefit rather than- injure the revenue.. Its tendency wbuld be to erilarge our trade in exports to China; a trade of progressive value, as our cottons and other articles of home production (aside from specie) are rnore and more entering into it. It would cause more of the trade in teas to centre in our own ports ; thepresent rate of duty driving pur tea ships not unfrequently to .seek their markets in Europe—not inihe, form of re-exportations, but in the direct voyage from China. It wpuld also serve to diminish the. risk of the United States ultimately losing any portion ofa trade so valuable, through the pplicy and regulations of other nations. The duty-upon wines is also believed to be higher than a wise commercial, and national policy dictates; The experience of our own, as well as other countries, has showii that high duties upon wines do riot prove bene.ficial to the revenue.. General experience also shows that the consuriiption of wine tends to diminish the use of ardent spirits. These are inducenients for keeping the duties upon wines low. They are strengthened by the consideration, that, by lowering them, we shall increase beneficially our trade to the countries whence we obtain wines. Sorne of these countries are unable to take our productions, unless their wines be received as an equivalent. They are, at the same time, prepared to.take them untrammeled by positive or virtual prohibitions. It seems but just that we should take freely the productions'of nations that take ours freely. But, in point of fact, the present rates of our tariff favor most, in many and essential things, the productions of nations that favor ours least. The rate of duty.upon wines is not only, .410 • • .- REPORTS OF T H E ' '• ^ ' .[1827: in many instahces, very high, but very unequal,'as regards, the different descriptions of wines and the countries producing them. ,'The whole subject is thought fo demand revision. Upon the superior wines of France, upon those of the Rhine,-upon those, generally, of Spain, Portugal, the Italian states, and perhaps some other countries,.the duties, itis believed, might feead vantageou.sly brought down. The ^manufacture of wine in the United States does not, at this juncture,xomprehend any such large interest as to interpose serious objections to the policy recommended. The opinion ma}'' also be'hazarded, that, in proportion as the taste for wine conies to prevail over that for ardent "spirits, under the" encouragemerit of low duties upoii those imported from abroad, wih a better basis be laid for the prosectition, at a future day, of this branch of industry at home. Its prosecution might go on, hand in hand, with lowei: duties on foreign wines, even at the present time ; a very small amount of capital being necessary to the production of \yines at home. ' • ' ' A fevv remarks upon'the state ofthe trade between the'United States and the British colonies, since the interdiction put upon it by Great Britain, will close the riiore general observations of this report Sufficient time has scarcely elapsed to enable us to determine, with precision, the course that this trade will ultimately take, as regards the amount of supplies, the channels through which they will chiefly pass, and the proportions of American and. British tonnage likely to be employed intheir transportation.. The British Interdict of July, 1826, left an interval before its actual operation. This did not commence until the 1st of December of that year. The interval, it is uriderstood, was improved ih accumulating in the British West India ports supplies of provisions, and other necessary articles, from the United States. Geographical causes, in their nature unchcuigeable, render it manifest that such supplies can be sent to the British islands in more abundance, and on cheaper tPrms,-from the United States, than from parts of the world mo.re remote, or from climates less favorable to their productibn". .Nevertheless, the British Government, true toits invariable riiaxirn of encouraging the industiy of its owri subjects in preference to that of foreigners, laid duties upon these supplies whe.n coming from the United States, designed to countervail the greater cheapness with which they could be furnished over similar supplies frPm the British colonies of North' America.' . It was to no purpose that Britain was urged, in protracted negotiations, to forego this discrimination in favor of her own subjects. She steadily adhered to it: affording^a fresh and signal example toother nations, that to protect the agricultural as'well as the manufacturing labor of her own people, in whatever region situated, is apoint in her policy, to which.that of buying cheap from strangers knows when and how to yield.. As the British Nprth American colonies were enabled, with the aid of these protecting duties, to fbrnish a portion of the.supplies necessary to the British islands, leaving the United States to, furnish the residue, whilst the direct intercourse between the latter and those islands remained open, it is not believed that the trade, under ordinary circumstances, will be materially affected in aniount by the direct intercourse being closed. T h e continued necessity of drawing the major part Pf those supplies from the United States was seen in the fact of Q,uebec havirig been made an entrepot for their flour and other articles at an earl.y day after the commencement of the interdict; and. afterwards, by an act of the British Parliament," which admits, duty free, various, prod nets, of the United States into Canada, whence their exportation to the islands is 1827.] • SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 411 legalized, as of the proper products' of Canada. It is by the establishment of such depots that the desire of Great Britain is also evinced to draw.to hprsplf a preponderating share ofthe carrying trade between her, islands and the United States. It is through these circuitous channels—also through N'ew Brunswick and Nova Scotia, through the ports and islands' of intermediate powers, as St. Jagode Cuba, Carthagena, St Bartholomew's, St. Eustatius, St. Thomas—that Jariiaica and the Windward islands will chiefly derive from the United States the supplies that they have heretofore had liom them, and still continue to want. It is even known, that biscuit has • been shipped from Philadelphia for Jamaica, by way of Liverpool; andthe flour ofthe United States,-under bonds iri the warehouses of Liverpool, will also, it is thought, find its way to consumption in the larger islands of the British West Indies. " The Bahamas will probably experience most inconvenience from the course of this trade being forced into these indirect channels, from their relative inability to sustain the increased expense with which it will be burdened. This, we may presume, will be shared by both parties ; the transhipments and other interniediate agencies necessary "to keep. the trade in activity being, to a certain extent, common to both. What will be the relative proportion of the tonnage of the two nations emplpyed in carrying oh this trade, carinot, at present, -be stated with, confidence. It is not probable that that of the United States will suffer, where the competition can be niade equal; but it is possible that some diminutfon of their, shipping may be eventually witnessed, in favor of the. flag of soriie third power."" It is the declared policy of Britciin to produce such a result, rather than allow, by any arrangements which she can control, the tonnage pf a nation already as large as that of the United Sta.tes to becomelarger. Next TO the angmentatiPn of her own tonnage, it is the aim ofthe British laws to bring into employment the tonnage of the smaher maritime powers of the world. If the anticipation be correct, that the^British islands will continue to receive, indirectly, their supplies from the United States, without material diminution,the revenue will not suffer; since our ex.ports, through whatever channels thPy reach the islands,--may be expected to be followed by equivalent returris. It may be repeated, however, that further time is necessary for establishing definite conclusions upon this and the other points adverted to. It is ascertained that the imports into the United States from the VT^hple of the West Indict islands, for the first six months, of the present year, fall below the average rate of those of the first six months of the threeyears preceding, including importations from the British islands. On the other htind, our exports to the whole of the West Indies, during the first six months of 1827, have exceeded their average arnount for the same period during the three years preceding, including exports to the British islands. . . The estimates, in detail, of the revenue for the ensuing ye^ir. will now be given. For the general observations upon the home industry and foreign trade of the country that have been gone' into, the indulgence of Congress is, with the utmost deference, solicited, under the motives that have prompted them. All fmancial plans must ultimately be dependant upon the flourishing state in which a sagacious and comprehensive policy may aid in placing the great agricultural, manufacturing, and commercial interests of the nation ; not in a spirit of partisanship for either, but by weighing co-equally the claims of each, and striving to secure the enriching results of all. It is in the anxious endeavor and humble hppe of exhibiting them, urider .this 412 R E P O R T S OF -THE [1827. alliaiice. to the correcting and controlhng wisdom .of Congress, that this report has been prepared! The gross amount of duties which accrued on imports, and tonnage, from the 1st of Janua.ry to the 30th of September last, is estimated at twenty-one milliPn two hundred and twenty-six thousand dollars. The gross amount that will, accrue for the last quarter, of the year,"i^ estimated at five mihion seven hundred and seventy-four thousand; making an aggregate of twerity-seven millioris for the entire year. The debentures for drawbacks issued during the first three quarters of the year amounted to $3,381,942 79 ; and the" amount outstanding on the 30th September was $2,516,966 45; of which $1,245,057 17 are chargeable upon the revenue of 1828.. , , The,amoiint of diity bonds iri suit, Pn the 30th of September last, was $4,136,812 64; which is more, by $128,929 88, than,was in suit on the same day of the year preceding. ' In estimating the probable amount of duties that will, be received, as compared with the gross amount secured on the importations of the year, the necessary deductions are to be made, not only for drawbacks, but for the expenses of collection, and.various losses that may happen. -Making what is judged, to be a full aUowance on all these accounts, for. the present occasion', the receipls from the customs in 1828 are esti- . mated c^t ' -'• ^ - . •• $20,372,700 ^ ,' Those from .the sales of the public lands, -. are estimated at -'. 1,400,000 From bank dividends 420,000 And from all other sources , -. • 107,300 Making an aggregate of .— •.—- $22,300,000 00 The expenditure for 1.828 is estiniated as follows, viz: ' Civil, miscellaneous, and diplomatic - ; $1,828,385 14 ^ Military service, including fortifications, , ordnance. Indiaii department, revolu- . < tionary and military pensions, arrriing cthe militia, and arrearages prior to the Istof January, 1817 - ' -. 4,332,091 05 Naval service, including the gradual in, , crease of the navy -. - 3,786.649 25. ' Publicdebt - ^ - 10,000,000.00 . Makihg a total of .' .• : 19,947,125 44 And leaving an excess of receipts for the year, pver its expenditure, of" -. -. $2,352,874 56 The estimate of revenue from all sources, for 1828, has been made 850,000 dollars lower than that for 1827. This has been done, to guard, as far as possible, against unfavorable contingencies. Nevertheless, the present estimate is formed oh a larger amount of duties, secured by bond on merchandise imported, than the estimate for 1827. Hence there is reason, from all present appearances,lo believe that, although the estimate for 1828 is less than that for 1827, the receipts will prove greater. All which is most respectfully submitted. • : ;.' ,, \ '^ . RICHARD RUSH.^ TREASURY DEPAIITHENT, December^ 8, 1827. A. oo A S T A T E M E N T exhibiting the duties tohich accrued on merchandise, tonnage, passports, and clearances ; ofi debentures issued on the exportation ofi fioreign merchandise; ofi payments fior drawback on domesiic distilled spirits and domestic refined' sugar, exported; ofi bounty on salted fish exported; ofi alloioances to vessels employed in tke fisheries; ofi expenses of collection : and ofi j)ayments made into the Treasury,' during ihe year ending on the 31st day ofi December, 1826. ^ Drawback on Debentures domestic., dis- Bounties and Gross revenue, Expenses of Nett reyenue. Payments issued. tilled spirits allowances. made into the collection. and domestic Treasury. Merchandise. Tonnage and Passports and refined sugar, light money. clearances. exported. DQTIES • Year. 1826 o ON S26,087,352 78 S150,070 55 Sll,716 00 S5,04fi,3l0 00 TREASURY .DEPARTMENT, m td SO,1S8 60 S229,683 28 S20,963,957- 45 $715,903 15 .i^20,;248,054. 30 .•$23,34 t.33t^ Register's Ofice, December 7, 1827. . . / • / ' ' . ' o ^ JOSEPH NOURSE, i^^^^-i^/'^r. [.Statements B and C are in preparation, and will be transnfitted as soon as they arc completed.] Cd > Ul a . • . • • • D . . . . • " . . .^ ^ ^ S T A T E M E N T ofi lands sold at the several land offices ofi the United States, and ofi moneys received in payment ofi jpublic lands, firom the 1st ofi January, 1826, to ihe 3lsi December fiolloxoing, inclusive; showing, also, the incidental expenses ofi said offices, arid parjrnents oriade into tke Treasury during the same period. Ciuantity sold. Land offices. Marietta Zanesville -. Steubenville .Chillicothe''. Cincinnati Wooster Piqua Delaware Jeffersonville Vincennes - . Indianapolis ^Cr.awfordsville Fort Wayne ^ Shawneetown Kaskaskia Edwardsville Vandalja Palestine , Springfield St. Louis - p Franklin Cape Girardeau Palmyra - , Lexington Purchase money. Amount received under the credit S3^stem. Aggregate re• ceipts. Incidental expenses. Payments made into'the Treasury. Acres. . -. . - - - - ' - - . - - . - . '. -, - - - - - . . . . . . .. . . - ' . . . . - . ;.. . - , . . 12,111.53 29,314.21 28,894.55 13,3.06.44 10,6-25.12 16,128.25 2,383.82 20,965.10 10,720.74 13,154.65 71,081.85 103,106.92 2,041.06 2,086.87' 1,901.28 6,584.93 1,472.61 12,915.63 . 56,122.41 14,532.78 30,968.08 , 3,314.73 9,701..44 no. sajes.. S15,139 38 . , 37,517 63 36,118 18 17,005 39 13,281 40 20,1(30 302,979 72 26,206 37 13,400 92 16,443 30 87,8^12 16 128,883 64 ' 2,551 31 2,608 60 2,376 60 8,231 17 1,840 75 .17,.587.19 70,215 45 18,166 01 . 38^712 48 4,193 61 12,126 79 .- S15,468 41,292 . 39,109 19,779 19,011 23,999 2,979 _ 26,206 2.667 50 16,068 2;412 35 18,855 87,842 128,883 2,551 _ 3,190 582 20 ' 150 00 2,526 8,239 8 38 1,840 17,.587 70,215 ; 18,166 1,900 4340,612 4,193 _ 12,126 _ S328 84 3,774.84 2,991 23 2,773 m 5,730 10 3,839 21 • ' ^. - _' 22^ 47 41 25 50 ' 51 72 37 42 65 1664 31 80 60 55 75 19 45 01 91 61 79 St,638 3,809 2,895 1,777 "3,302 2,410 1,310 1,813 1,492 1,631 .2,670 4,653 1,214 1,435 .1,328 1,400 1,186 1,524 3,427 ^ 3,574 15,039 1,471 1,563 500 02 57. 38 28 52 25 05 06 83 76 74 25 97 00 74 72 28 32 69 76 23 97 48 00 '. .914,736 39,371 33,401 • - 14,068 19,950 , 21,934 20 58 54 1.7 76 10 41,08^6 ;14,411 24,775 66,065 145,208 5,725 1,850 1,810 10,050 57 97 37 87 94 04 00 57 00 o Ul o td , ' 17,442 65 77,187 92 17,6^25 68 30,278 09 8 25 10,340 57 8,630 00 GO Little Rock Batesville ' Ouachita . Opelousas New Orleans . St. Helena court-house' Cahaba " St. Stephen's - . . ' ' - ' HuntsvilleTuscaloosa Sparta Washington Augusta Jackson (Choctaw district) Detroit - • r -Monroe Tallahassee - - - • . ^ ' ', - "' " . - - ' - Aggregates . - ^ - 8,333.43 - • 10,416 78 6,273.45. 5,018.77 18,070 49 • 14,082.66 5,631 39 4,505.12, , 746 37 597.09 no sales. _ 44,217 11 35,373.73• 21,775 09 17,420.08 8,331 52 6,665.22. 151,895 19 86,618.05 2,011 59 1,609.28 9,302 15 7,441.75 1,201 33 ' 961.07 •• 94,263 38 74,019.55 77,581 86 47.125.13 16,613 91 12;236.83 65,580 45 52,464.36 847,996.76- 1,127,500 41 ^ _ • ' _ 1^,058 57 ' _i -• ^ 2,384 18 2,450 75 ,- _ 3,345 38 V '' _ 36,397 82 10,416 6,273 18,070 0,689 746 _ 44,217 24,1.59 10,782 151,895 2,011 12.647 i,'201 94,263 77;581 .16,613 65,580 78 45 49' 96 37 11 27 27 19 59 53 33/ ,38 86 91 45 1,163,898 23 1,518 1,415 1,807 1,2^4 1,514 1,000 5,159 4,677 2,825 8,122 1,302 4,006 1,139 4,748 3,729 1,742 2,205 70 58 14 • 11 92 00 67 67 85' 57 17 66 63 55 33 38 85 111,212 65 ^ 8,905 GO 2,003 00 • 17,500 00 4,500 00 1,812 10 -' ^ 167,508 16 8,'00 00 101,41104 158,886 76 7,414 GO 8,265 86 -140,269 102,383 19.866 29,099 20 73 78 62 GO to Ul o 1,393,785^09 NOTE.—The column oi ^'incidental expenses" in this statement, is greatly" increased, in consequence of the operation ofthe act of 22d May, 1826,' providing for the'allowance to registers and receivers of the amount of clerk-hire incurred in the execution of the' laws for (he relief of the purchasers ofpublic lands, passed in the years 1821, 1822, and 1823; and.allowing the one-half of one percent, onthe payments made by relinquishment and discounts; and, a;lso, in consequence of allowances made to receivers, for depositing public moneys since 20th April, 1818, in pursuance of the. provisions of an act to that effect, passed on the 2,2d May, 1826. ' . \ • O &3 TRS^ASURY D E P A R T M E N T , General L a n d Office, October 3], 1827.> Ul • GEO-. GRAHAM. Commissioner. cd 416 • R E P O R T S . O F T H K • '• [1827. S T A T E M K N T ofi. money s received into the Treasury, firom all sources otker tkan customs and public lands, during the year 1826. From arrears of old direct tax '• $1,514 28 '' new direct tax 5,124.48 new internal revenue - • 21,589 93 fees on letters patent -. -/ 9,420 00 cents coined at. the mint - , - . 17,041 00postage of letters - , > -> - ^ ,-• ' 300 14 fines, penalties; and forfeitbres -. 1,382 44 surplus emoluments of ofhcers of the customs •• 37,299 20 interest o''n balances due by banks to the United States 720 73 passage money of American seamen returned ' 5 0 00. received under theact to abohsh theUnited States' trading establishments with the Indian's ,- , .2,959 25 • nioneys previously advanced on account of treaty with Spain . ' ' r • ' - . 327 45 dividends.on stock in the Bank ofthe United States - 402,500 00 .^500,228 90 balances of advances made in the War Department, repaid under the third section of the. act of 1st iWay,1820 ^ ' - ' ' " •25,088 45 ' / $5.25,317 35 TREASURY, DEPARTMENT, • . . Register's Office. November 28^1827. • ' • . JOSEPH NOURSE, Register. f 1827.J SECRETARY OP .'THE TREASURY. • • p ^ , • ,- . , 417 . . S T A T E M E N T ofi tke expenditures ofi ike United States, fior the year , 1 8 2 6 . .,• ' . • • • • • " . • . CIVIL, MISCELLANEOUS, AND DIPLOMATIC, VIZ : Legislature . ' Executive departnients Oflicers of the mint Surveying department, Commissioner of tlie;Public Buildings Governments in/the Territories of the United States Judiciary Annuities and grants . Mint establishment - Unclaimed merchandise , Light-hbuse establishment .Surveys of public lands•; Registers and receivers of land offices Preservation of the public archives in Florida -• Land claims in Florida Territory Land claims in St. Helena land district Roads within the State of Ohio Roads within the State of Indiana Roads and canals within the State of Mississippi . Roads and canals within the State of Alabama -" Roads and canals within the State of Missouri -i Paynient to Ohio, of the.ilett proceeds of lands sold under the 3d section ofthe act ofthe 28th February, 1823 Repairing the post road in the Indian country, betweeii Jackson and Columbus, in the State of Mississippi" Repayment for larids erroneously sold by the United States -Marine hospital estabUshment Public buildings in Wasliington Bringing the votes for; Prbsident and Vice -President of tfe UnitedStates Appropriation of priie mphey Payment of balances, due to officers of old internal revenue and direct.tax Payment of balances to collectors of new internalrevenue - . Stock in the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company - , StockintheDismal Swamp Canal Company VOL. II.—27 $493,356 45 / 489,776 07 . 9,600 60 r6,718 82' 1,699 94 .36,i58',82 209,455 38 ' • $1,256,745 48 2;i50 00 34,068 27 • 356 06 188,849 72 . 46,769'65 2,993 96 750 OG 9,723 48 ' •4,487 16 9,799 71 7,176 97 • ' , 5,888 15 12,958 28 1,385 64 17,823 85 15,000.00 342 40 51,236 98 91,271 97 4175 ^ 4,297 45 . 35 70 428 02 ^ 107,500 00 150,000 00 • -418 • . REPORTS OF THE . Stock in the Louisville -and Portland Canal Company - _^ ^ . 'Payment bf claims for property lost Payment of claims for buildings destroyed, per act 3d March, 1825 Miscellaneous expenses • [1827. $30,000 00 288 76 208,311 46 106,777 75 ,$1,110,713 23 Diplomatic department , -^Mission to the Congress ofPanama Contingent expenses of foreign intercourse Reliefand protection of American seamen Treaty of Ghent, (6th and. 7th articles) Treaty of Ghent (1st article) Payment of claims under the 9th article of the treaty with Spain Treaties with Mediterranean powers 152,476.90 9,000'00 . 18,627 07 20,061 15 10,500 00 , 10,000 op , "' ' '*' 9,967 88 2,086 08 - 232,719:08 -1 MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. $2,600,177 79 • .Pay of the army -, ,1,0,12.243 66 SuJDsistence 254,220 41 ^Quartermaster's department - 301,370 66 Forage -- . 32,253 90 Clothing . - . , ; . . 25.5,770 74 ' Bounties and premiums . 9;394 02 r Expenses of recruiting -. - -• , 9,041 37 Medical department • 21,454 71, Purchase of woollens for 1827 2O1OOO 00 Contingencies - ^ -, -, 10,787 68 .^ Military Academy."West Point r . 20,309 32 Armories ' . 355,117 06 Arsenals ' , -' 49,317 86- . Arsenal at Vergennes , 6,400 00 ,, ' .• • .' Arsenal at Augusta ., 6,392 95 Ordnance - . 58,766 63 Armament of new fortifications ' 10,662.93 Arming and equipping militia - . ' 186,16^5- 71 .. Maps, plans, &c. for the War Department 84 87 •• '.'•'?:• " 3 ••• Repairs and contingencies of fortifications 9,243 96 Fort Monroe ,-- ' .106,100 00 Fort Calhoun 77-400 00 s .• •. \^ ' Fort Delaware --, , . • 18,'47'9 75 Fort at Mobile Point 94;714 99. Fort Adonis ; 89,221 25 Fort Hamilton 78,q08' 00 Fort at Rigolets and Chef Menteur 81,329 29^ r^" Fort Jackson 75,940.58 Fort Constitution 2,500 .00 Fort B.eaufort 845 00 Fort at Cape Fear 57,800 00 Fort Bienvenue . 50,000 00. Fort at Bogue Point 12,100 00 I ' • •J ' . - 1- • : . . ..._ ; '-T ; . , •1827.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. • • Purchase of Throg's Point .115,000 00 Deepening the harbor of Presque Isle -9,095 00 Repairs of Plymouth beach - . - , 11,000 00 Preservation of islands in Boston harbor 32,950 00 Building pier at the mouth of Buffalo creek 10,000 00 Building pier at Newcastle, Delaware 104 01 Building pier on Steel's Ledge, Be.lfast, Me. - -. 600 00 Survey of public piers at Chester, Pa. , -.,28 28 Removing obstructions iii the mouth of Huron river, Ohio ' 1,500 00 Removing obstructions in Grand river .1,000 00 400 Survey of Saugatuck river and harbor. Conn. ^i:v..^/ 00 vv^ Survey of Piscataqua river, Maine 200 do Survey of the harbor of Edgartown, &c. 500 00 Survey of, Sandusky -bay, Ohio / 400 00 Survey of Oswego bay and harbor. New York •300 00 Survey of Laplaisance^ bay, Michigan 200 00 Removing obstructions in th^e mouth of Ashtabula creek, Ohio . 1,000 00 Removing obstructions in Cunningham creek, Ohio : ,1,000 00 Survey ofthe Swash, in Pamhco sound, N. C. 1,000 00 Improving the Ohio and Mississippi rivers - . 16,002 1-8 Surveys, &c., roads and canals 32,887 22 Continuation of the Cumberland road 125,469 00 Road from Ohio to Detroit 14,107 45 Road from Missouri to New Mexico 15,000 00 Road from Memphis to Little Rock 9,204 00 Eoad from Pensacola to St. Augustine 2,069 00' 2,441 7 4 ' ' Road from Little Rock to Cantonment Gibson 6,000 OA) Road from Colerain to Tampa Bay . 927 85 Road from Cape Sable to Suwanee 16,423 29 Florida canal .Balances due to certain .States on account of 17.039 51. mihtia .- ' 66,563 22 Interest due to the State of Maryiand 21,710 35 Interest due fo the city of Baltimore 40,264 86 Interest due to the State of New York 6,530 00 Interest due to the Sjate of Delaware 251.399 01 Invalid and half-pay pensions 1,305.194 82 -Revolutionary pensions 985 18 Ransom of Amefican captives in the late war 168 25 Paynient for property lost, &c. Relief of officers, &c., engaged in Seminole 3,764 99 campaign .76,649 12 Relief of sundry individuals 15,459 50 Arrearages - . 14,914 09 Civihzation of Indians - . 29,860 32 Pay of Indian agents 12,131 59 Pay .of sub-agents •16,387 50 Presents to Indians •• 130,542 12 Contingencies of Indian department .419 ^^ |182T„ REPORTS OF T H E •420 Compensation to citizens of Georgia iinder the Creek treaty of 1821 General councils with Indians on Lake Superior - , _ '; - ;. Ciaims against Osages , Running a line dividing the Territoryof Florida from Georgia r - '' Removal of Creek Indians west of the Mis^ sissippi Relief of the'Florida Indians Treaty with the Mbrida Indians Creek treaty of 1825 - " - Creek treaty of 1826 Choctaw treaty -. Choctaw schools .- ( Holding treaties with the Choctaws and Chickasaws . - , Eftecting the treaties with the Osas^es and Kanzas ' -^ -, ^ Holding treaties with the Miami and Pottawatamie Indians, &c. Negotiating and carrying into effect certain Indian treaties' - ^ Annuities to Indians ; ^ - $23,000 W 27,000 00 2,407 71 300.90 564 04 7,249 75 3)218 00 "20,813 88 7^^658 00 2j056 51 •2,804 00'. 15,000 00 18,306 18 15,000 00 80,262 29 243,542 93 6,250,693 '91. Gratuities Fortifications Survey of t\\.e coast of the United State's Survey of Marblehead ahd Holmes'sHole Extinguishment of ladian title's in Michigan Purchase bf three tracts of land in Tuscaraiwas county, Oh\o repayments $454 73 3,791 31 2,586 00 ^ " • 54 76 507 76 ; 63 32 7,457 88 16.243,236 03 . .. !( .- .. . NAVAL E S T A B L I S H M E N T . . Pay of the navy afloat Pay of the navy sliere stations Provisions Repairs of vessels Inclined plane docks, &c. SMp-houses .^ •\:-'-\ Navy yard, PortsrriGuth Navy yard, Boston ^ Navy yard,.New Ybrk Navy yard, Pliiladelphia Navy yard, WasKiii'gtpn Navy yard, Norfolk Navy yard, Pensacola - - .' - . - . ' . ,1,025,968 56 131,823 56 28^^660 88 ' 485,970V85 10^017 41 44,296 52 11,216 16 40,000 ;oo 53,098 "58 30,490 26 . * .32,480' 7 4 • 54;063 88 40:200 00 1827.] SECRETARY. OF T H E TREASURY. Medicines and liospital stores - , Contingent, not enumerated, for 1824 Contingent, not enumerated, for 1825 ' Contingent for 1826 ' - '^ - '' Contingent, not enumerated, for 1826 'Gradual increase ofthe navy Ordnance and ordnance stores Ten sloops of war Superintendents, artificers, &c. Laborers and fuel for e,ngine Survey of Savannah, Brunswick, &c. Suppression of piracy Prohibition of slave trade Relief of Edward Lee . Pay and subsistence of marine corps dothing for the marine corps Medicines for the marine corps Military stores for the marine corps Contingent expenses of the marine corps Fuel for the marine corps Barracks for the marine corps - 421 - $32,833 18 . 304 15 673 88 - 238,855 18 1,217 80 - 793,704 92 36,312 84 -' 506,163 84 . 53,630 13 - ' 13,461 97 1,299 43 • ^ - < 2,559 62 22,220 81 2,8I2'50 - 219,686 73 25,960 47 • -• 2,283 28 1,559 70 . 14,096 23 . 9,321 45 5^,838 23 • \ ^ - 4,233,983 74 From which deduct the following repayments, viz: . ' ^ Navy, yards, docks, and . wharves .. " . -. ^2,843 23 Contingent prior to 1824 -' '8,520 '05 . Contingent for 1824 - 1,431 22' Contingent for 1825 - . 58.09 Arrearages of contingent, mar ihe corps - 2,228 70 • — . 15,081 29 $4,218,902 45 PUBLIC DEBT. Interest on the funded debt -.' • :.- 3,975,542 95 Redemption of 6 per cent, stock of 1813 > ( 7 | millions) . - 5,062,402'50 Rede'mption of 6 per cent, stock of 1813 (16 millions). . . ^- 2,002,306 71 Bedemption of 7 per cent, stock of 1815 25 00' Reimbursement of Mississippi stock ; 450 00 Principal and interest of Treasury notes ' 327 17 Paying certain parts of domestic debt 27 86 11,041,082 19 24,103v39|^6 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, " Register's Offuce\November•28,1827. ^ : ^ . JOSEPH NOURSE, Register. G. S T A T E M E N T ofi lands sold at the several land offices ofi the Uriited States, and ofi moneys received in payment ofi public lands, firom the 1st ofi Jariuary, 1827, to the 30th ofi June fiollowing, inclusive; showing, also, the incidental expenses ofi said offices, and payments m^ada irito tke Treasury during ike same period. Gtuantity sold. ' L a n d offices. . ^ ^ ^ • .... Acres, hdths. r Marietta Zanesville , Steubenville ." Chillicothe Cincinnati . -~ Wooster - . . '.' -• Piqua --, •Delaware Jefifersonville . ,Vincennes .. Indianapolis _ . _ . Crawfordsville. . Fort W a y n e . , Shawneetownc. Kaskaskia" , Edwardsville - . - " Vandalia - . - Palestine ' •.• Springfield ^ - ' ' - . St. Louis * .Franklin Cape G i r a r d e a u ' -• Palmyra - ' - - . Lexington. = " Little Rock - • • - _ ^ .' Digitized forBate-sville FRASER . - ' ".,' ' P u r c h a s e money. A m o u n t received u n d e r the credit system. Dolls.-Cts. Dolls. Cts. . A g g r e g a t e re• ceipts. Dolls. Cts. Incidental expenses. to CO Payments m a d e into the Ti-easury. . •" . •. ^ Dolls. Cts. Dolls'. Cts. -- ' • • - 4 , 0 9 1 76 3,275;'82 14,245.38 17,690 25 ' '13,871.33 16,089 16 4,719.56 5,899 49 5,701.68 •. . 7,127 10 .5,944.15 7,430 17 • . > 1,572.69 1,965 86 11,653.90 14,567 38 \ _ 4,996 19 3,996.96 4,623 47 3,698.77 , _ 32,186 25 25,260.57 , 33,815.95 . 42,269 9 3 . • 1,208.78" 1,510 97 • 1,362 47 1,089.98 455.76 579 09 , 2,4.54.16 3,067 71 479 54 383.64 . 3,164.23 . 3,955 29 , - • -' . 10,240.92 . 12,801 94 . - 6,510.93' . 8,138 70 17,582 31 14,065.83 . ' 1,500 61 1,200.49 ' • - , 6,023 80 4,819.02 - ' , - . 26,000.23 32 ,.732 33 . 896 88 717.50 1,320 89 1,056.71 . 8,952-26 38,317 84 31,403 25 16,917 71 44,993 67 22,965 10 1,965 86 _ 14,567 38 _ 20,453 69 25,449 88 22,313 41 17,689 94 " 32,186 25 _ ' 42,269 93 . _ • 1,510 9 7 . 1,216 84 2,579 31 690 36 1,269 4.5 • 3,.307 .55 2,39 84 479 54 • 3,955 29 . 12,801 94 4,893 74 13,032 44 - '9,782-66 27,364 97 1,500-61 _ 6,023 80 _. 32,732 33 _ ." 896 8,8 . 1,320 89 ~ => 4,857 20,627 15,314 11,018 37,866 15,534 50 59 09 22 57 93 . " • 1,391 1,058 2,023 2,305 3,46S 2,296 509 1,307 2,378 1,859 2,223. 1,599 590 1,941 1,895 633 547 584 1,110 2,398 1,234 .012 '630 949 • 688 710 06 24 45 09 31 52 1-3 32 11 01 53 39 06 75 69 41 63 19 85 47 22 87 09 68 26 11 5,320 80 8,447-38 • 18,988 01 14,400 80 16,155 11 ' 16,203 35 2;437 39 12,650 31 24,607 42 4,799 87 76,3.39 44 ; 71,806 85 1,440 00 - • ; ~ • .' - . Ul O • ' 7 6 56 5,073 47 6,426 21,555 11,475 35,209 , o 06 94 83 31 10,850 00 CO • 2,000 00 -^1 Ouachita Opelousas -, •- !New Orleans ~ . St. Helena court-house Cahaba - ' St. Stephen's Huntsville ' , Tuscaloosa Sparta Washington Augusta -. Jackson, Choctaw district - .Detroit Monroe - ' Tallahassee - _ - Aggregates ^ 16,603.06 846.13 town lots no sales 16,704.51 / 3,939.41 2,001.92 ^ 8,623.30 23,134.86 2,896.14 79.87 22,589.65 18,939.47 3,831.30 121,372.99 2,003 81 1,057 66 134,451 00 - . • 20,882 4,924 . 2,502 10,779 29,863 3,'620 99 •28,376 23,679 4,789 167,397 426,687.55 42 43 .38 46 78. 16 85 • 75- " 58 , 15 16 685,320 13 _. 2,965 72 _ ^ 29,453 40 . 1,389 83 11,253 30 _ _ ' _ _ 29,741 41 1,847 14 _ 236,836^77 2,003 81 4,023 38 134,451 00 _ 50,335 6,314 13,755 10,779 29,863 33,361 99 28.376 25;526 4,789 167,397 82 26 68 46 78 57 85 75 72 15 16 922,156 90. 793 696 2,117 500 2,870 1,842 3,559 1,203 1,088 1,927 •500 1,754 2,185 885 3,956 64 66 8600 19 14 67 96 12 99 00 75 84 61 75. -62,829.62 5,-004 17 100,538 91 ^ 30,535 64 8,500 00 7,650 00 Ul 13,000 00 20,918 22,122 .6,000 184,845 765,380 13 $765,380 13 446,631 16 Aggregate of payments during the first three-quarters of the year 1827 - §1,212,011 29 - o 92 61 00 98 - Payments into the Treasury to the 30th of June, as above Payments into the Treasury during the third quarter, 1827 - CO NOTE.—The column of*' incidental expenses,'^ in this statement, is greatly increased in, consequence ofthe operation ofthe ac.t of May 22, 1826,'providing for the allowance to registers and receivers of the amo'unt of clerk hire incurred in the execution of the laws, for the relief of the jDurchasers of public lands, passed in the years 1821, '22, and '23 ; and allowing the one-half of one .per cent, on the payments made by relinquishment and discounts; and, also, in consequence of allowances made tb receivers for depositing public moneys since the 20th'of April,^1818, in pursuance"of the provisions of an act to"that eftect,,passed on the 22d May, 1826.' . ,• * • .. -. • „ • .• o ffi :> Ul K! TREASURY DEPARTMENT, GenercdLand Office, October 31, 182Z, GEO RGE GRAHAM, Commissioner. CO .424' • REPORTSOF THE [1827... H. S T A T E M E N T ofi moneys received irito^ tke Treasury, firom all sour ees otker tkan customs arid puhlic lands, firom the 1st of January to tke 30tk Septemher, 1827. From dividends on stock in the Bank of the United States $420,000 00 awards under the first article treaty of ^ / ' Ghent, for slaves and other property $602,480 00 arrears of new direct tax 2,626 90 • new;, internal revenue 18,149 23 fees on letters patent 8,130 00 cent# coined at the mint 14,376 32 postages of letters , . 101 00 ' fines, penalties, and forfeitures <. 20 00 surplus emolument of oflicers of the ^ customs - ; T -' 27,880 49 interest on balances due by banks to ^ the United States 3,000 00 nett proceeds of vessels condemned under the slave trade acts 4,791 18 * a person unknown, stated to be on account of duties on imports and tonnage 6 00 681,561 12 balances of advances, made in the War Department, repaid under the third section of the act of 1st May, 1820 • .•.. .32,344 .98^ $1,133,906 10 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Register's Office, November 28, 1827. JOSEPH NOURSE, i?^^i5'.^er./ 1&27.]: 42^ SECRETARY O F T H E ' TREASURY. < L ••-• • .^ S T A T E M E N T of the expenditures ofi tke United States, firorn the 1st ofi January io the 30tk ofi September, 1827. CIVIL, M I S C E L L A N E O U S , A N D DIPLOMATIC, VIZ'. Legislature - ; Executive-departments Officers of the mint Surveying department - ' Commissioner of the Public Buildings in Washington Governments in the Territories of the United States Judiciary' $308,589 25 • 394,437 74 7,200 00 '21,01 r 54 Annuities and grants Mint establishment — Unclaimed merchandise , Light-house establishnient. Surveys of pubhc laiids Registers and receivers of land offices Preservation of the public, archives in Florida . Land claims in Florida .Territory Land claims in St; Helena land district Roads within the State of Qhio Roads within the State of Indiana Roads and canals in the State of Alabama Roads and canals^in the State of Missouri Roads and canalsin.the Stateof Mississippi Repairing the post-road between Chatahoochie and Line creek, Alabania - Marine hospital estabhshment" Public buildings in Washington Appropriation of prize nioiiey Payment of balances to cbllectors of new internal revenue" Stock in the Louisville and Portland Canal Conipany Payment of claims for property lost Payment of claims for buildings destroyed Miscellaneousexpenses - ^ 1,600- 00 35,588 86 263 92 203,678 68' 48,593 15.. 2,631 14 •• 1,195 06 • ' 36,07F 40' 167,694 08 $936,205' 07' Diplpmatic department Mission to the Congress of Panama Contingent expenses.of foreign intercourse Relief and protection of American seamen Treaty of Ghent, (6tK and 7th articles) Treaty of Ghent, (,1st article) - ' Claims on Spain • . Treaties with Mediterranean,powers. 1,125 00 1,971 24 \, . 1,502-78 2,452 90 7,352 54 6,540 36 1,981 45 4,717 11 . . • „ ••" • • - r • • 6,000 00 . ' 46,51104 135,727 35 2,202 50- • ';i • - 2,559 73 .• SOiOO'O 00 l,9t 25 4,218- 45 48,060 29 • , 595,469 74 85,260^75 17,022 08. •. .. 18;609 00 25,531 90 7,50^ 00 10,206 44 1,817 72- • 21,505 54. - 426' [1827. REPORTS' OF THE. Awards under the. 1st article ofthe treaty of Ghent - $294,392 23 • N $481,845, 66 MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT. HMENT. Pay of the army -' $722,788 60 171,199 40 Subsistence ' - ^. . Forage 34,992 30 (Quartermaster's department \ 322,600 13 . Arrearages of quartermaster's depart. \ 17,741 03 Arrearages of army ,11,163 87 Bounties and premiuins , Purchasing department - . _ 150,239 60 Expenses of recruiting -/ 8,460 14 Purchase of woollens for 1828 10,000 00 Ordnance 15,115 57 Arming and equipping the militia 156,603 Q3 Hospital department 21,147 84 Armories - ' ' 281,047 27 Arsenals , . ,^ - , . 31,.564 96 Arsenal at Verge'nnes , - r 8,600 00 Arsenal in Georgia ,14,286 69 Arsenal tit St. Louis 15,000 00 Arsenal at Augusta, Maine ' 2,081 60 Contingencies 10,232 30 Repairs and/contingencies of fortifications 22,918 73 73,643 97 Fort Monroe - ' 38,.526 24 Fort Calhoun Fort Adams " -, 83,015 00 Fort.Hamilton 58,034 09 72,144 78 Fort Jackson . -. Fort I)elaware 1 28, • 29.930 00 For-t at Cape Fear - ' 44,364 42 Fort at Beaufort -. -^ Fort at Bienvenue " -, 40,00a 00 Fort at-Mobile Point " - • , ' 72,951 46 . 30,000. 00 Fort at Rigolets Armament of new fortifications 39,054 40 Surveys, (fcc. of roads and canals 47,405 70 Continuation of the Cumberland road 118,000 00 Preservation of the Cumberland road 9,00Q 00 Repairs of the Cumberland road .510 00 Road from Memphis to Litde Rock • 2,000 00 Road fi'om Little Rock to-Canton't Gibson • 2,000. OO Road from Fort Smith to Fort Tdwson 2,000 00 King's road, from the Georgia line, (by St. Augustine tp New Smyrna) 3,000 00 Improving the Ohio and Mississippi riyers 18,216 00 Improving the navigation of the Ohio river 9,000 00 Improving Hyannis harbor, Massachusetts J.,000 00 Iinproving Cleavelaiid harbor Ohio; . 1,500 00 IrnprovingPascagoulaharbor, Miss, river 8.000 00 Deepening the harbor of Presque Isle 5,484 81 ~ . . ' - .1 . • ' • ~! • . • ,* ^ ••••H , ".f"' •.".\- • i 1827.] SECRETARY OP THE' TREASURY. Preservation of islands in Boston harbor ' - $9,115 27 Repairs of Plymouth beach 2,184 90 ,. Removing obstructions in Huron creek, Ohio.-/ • 3,500 00 Removing obstructions in Cunningham creek, . Ohio . _'. 1,000 00 Removing obstructions in Ashtabula creek, Ohio' -9,698 00' Removing obstructions in Grand river creei,'O. 4,620 00 Removing obstructions in Mobile harbor, Ala. .- 5,605 78 Buikling piers on Steel's ledge, Belfast, Maine 400 00 Building piers at Bufi'alo creek 5,000 00 . Piers, beacon, (fcc, in the harbor of Saco, Maine 4,450 00.^ . Examining piers at Port Penn, Marcus Hook, and Fort Mifflin -. ^ 100 00 Survey of a canal from the Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico -. ;- ^ 2,755 00 Connecting the Detroit and the river Raisin with the Maumee and Sandusky roads 12,000 00 , Piers'at the mouth of Oswego harbor, New York : . . 3,533 06 Piers at the mouth of Dunkirk harbor, New ^ York -. . - . 3,000-00.' . Piers at Laplaisance bay, Michigan 1,000 00 . Removing obstructions in Saugatuck river,'(fee. 1,500 00 Boundary lines between Georgia and Florida 3,745 80 Erection of a wharf at Fort Wolcott, Rhode Island ' .. . '. 500 00 Purchase of a house and lot of land, Eastport, Maine , -. 1,800' 00 Piirchase of lots at St. Augustine, Florida 600 00 • Barracks at Savannah . - .11,414 40 - , .Barracks at Michilimackinac . • 2,000 00 Military cantonment near St. Louis 10,108 18System of cavalry, artillery, and infantry exercise .. - ',1,675 24 Settlement of Geojgia militia claims - 50,600 00 Military Academy, West Point - 24,895. 00" Maps, plans, (fcc. War Department 62 00" Suppression, of Indian aggressions on frontiers of Georgia and Florida,. ^ . .10,887 81 Revolutionary pensions -• - 796,381 93 . Invalid aild half-pay pensions, - 172,033 86 Pensions to widows and orphans . 8,802 47 Surveying the harbor of Church's cove, R. I. 200 00: Surveying the harborof Stonington, Cdi.nn. -.. 200 00 . Surveying the roads from Detroit to Saginaw, ' ,. • Fort Gratiot, and Huron lake -' 1,500 00 Opening and constructing the Detroit and Chi-. cago roads . . -, - ' 20,000 00 Relief of officers, (fee, engaged in Seminole' ' ' campaign -- , 747 01 Interest due the State of Pennsylvania - 17,677 60 Relief of Captain Bigger's company of rangers4.474 41 427 S1!i .. , i'i . ; ^^ • -. ' ' ..:\>^ ' ;.^.^^ . "^"^i , ; "fi.., •' .-'Ti ' ..,^j fij iZ 428 REPORTS OF T H E [1827. ^^ Payment of claims for property lost -' ^ $4000 .Relief of sundry individuals 10,613 80 Carrying into effect certain Indian treaties , - 149,141 06 Rations to Florida Indians - ^ 30,015 96 Relief of Florida Indians. .12,750 25 Running the line of land assigned to Florida s Indians ,. , — 330: 56 Presents to Indians - 13,390 45 Contingencies of Indian department - 98,377 94Creek'treaties -; V - 96,464 51: Tre.aty with the Choctaw cind Chickasaw Indians . 2,445 37 .Effecting certain Indian treaties, act 20th May, 1826 ^ 2,800. 00 Removal of,the Creeks west of the Mississippi 29,080 82 Civilization of Indians -• .' ' - ' - , 8,629 84 Pay of Indian agents ' - 25,606 65 Pay of sub-agents - 1L840 36 Indian annuities - 206,443 24 Treaty with the Choctaws, 3d March, 1821 148 00 Choctaw schools, treaty 18th October, 1820 7,074 57 . ^ '• ^ 1 , V 4,751,426 31 From, which deduct the following repayments: . Fortifications - , - $53 19 •Survey of Marblehead and Holmes's hole . . - 95 82 Road from Pensacola to St. Augustine 546 00 Road from Colerain to Tampa bay - 84 00 , Holding treaties \yith Indians in Indiana' • - ' r 2 27 Road from Ohio to Detroit - 373 88 — r ^ ^ . 1,155 16 • • ,_>_ _ $4,750,271 15 NAVAL E S T A B L I S P I M E N T . Pay of the navy afloat .. Pay of the navy shore, stations Provisions -^ Repairs of vessels ; . r Navy yards, docks, &c. ' Navy yard, Pensacola Medicines and hospital stores Ordnance and ordnance stores Ten sloops of war .^ »/ Repairs of sloops ofwar Gradual increase of the navy Gradual improvement of the navy Prohibition of the slave trade * Superintendents, artificers, (fee. - , ^ $1,053,5,76. 21 ,- 135,730 14 - .276,009 45 . - 344,936 6T . . . 174,039 53 •* - 52,516 21 '--'26,63184 - 36,874 00 . - , 184,804 24 - 20,181 38 - 625,952 ^51 - 68,095 88 - ,26,651 59/ ^ ^ 55,676 02 -, ' ^ ^ - < , 1827.] SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. Suppression of piracy Survey of the harbors of Savannah, Brunswick, (fee. Arrearages prior to 1827 Surveys and estimates for dry docks Contingent, prior to 1824 Contingent for 1825 - . Contingent, not enumerated, 1826 Contingent for 1827 Contingent, not enumerated, 1827 • ' Pay, (fee, marine corps Clothing, marine corps ' Fuel, marine corps Medicines, marine corps Barracks, marine corps - , - Military stores, marine corps Contingent, marine corps Contingent arrearages, marine corps Contingent, additional, 1826, marine corps ^ 429 $1,162 65 1,503 00 13,686 90 2,707 27 10,486 60 216 66 3,384 31 191,528 56 929 37 . 127,257 48' 11,848 86 3,413 31 717 55 149 41 - '402 -00 8,619 27 2,228 70 308 05 3,462,225 52 From which deduct.the following repay. ments: Building barges - -. $67 16 Five schooners - 58 33 Swords and medals - 579 62 Contingent for 1824 - 575 52 Contingent, not enumerated, 1825 108 88 Contingent for 1826 - 2,260 10 3,649 61 — — ^ — • $3,458,575 91 PUBLIC DEBT. Interest on the funded debt . .Redemption of six per cent, stock of 1813, '(loan of 16 millions) Intereston Louisiana stock Reimbursement of Mississippi stock Paying certain parts of domestic debt Paying the principal and interest of Treasury notes - 2,652,983 49 5,007,303 69 3,562 30 742 48 2112 8,410'36 7,673,023 44 From which deduct the following repayment : Redemption of six per cent: stock of 1813, (7^ millions) fi - 01 7,673,.023 4 3 ' $17,895,390 96 TREASURY DEPAR¥MENT, Register's Office, November 28, 1827. • ^ ^JOSEE^-NGURSE, iSe^/^^er. 430 „- , ' . - - R E P O R T S .O-P ,.THE' . '.-. [1827. •STATEMENTofiikeyiiblic debt on tke 1st ofiDciober, 1827. ' "' .Three per centv stock- - ' Six per cent:.stock'of.1813 . Sixper cent, stock of.1814 Sixper cent; sto(:k of 1815 -r. - . -. - " - $13,296.247.70 ' - $4,244,587 07 ' v "fi'- - - ^ -' 13,096,542 90 • -' . , -. 9,490,099 10 26,831,229 07 Five per cent, stock, (subscription to Bank • •/United State,s) - ' ' . - - ' '- 7,000,,000 00Five per cent, stock of 1820 - ; -999,999 13' Five per cent, stock of:i821 - 4,735,296 30 Exchanged fiveper cent, of 1822 / - ' 56,704'77 12,792,000 20 Four and a half per cent, stocks of 1824 - 10,000,000 00 ' Exchang;ed4| per cent, stock of 1824 ,'. 4,454,727 95 ^, Exchanged 4|.per cent, stock of 1825 - 1,539,336 16 15,994,064 11 Total $68,913,541 OS Amonnt of the debt on the 1st of October, 1826, (per statement No. 3.) which accompanied the Secretary's report of the 12th of December, 1826 .- .' . \ . . - $75,923,151 47. Deduct six per cent, stock paid off, viz: On t h e l s t Januarv, 1827 - - $2,002,306 71 On thelst July, r827 ', - 5,007,303-eS ' ^ _ : - _ _ _ _ 7,009,610 39 Leaves the amount, on the 1st of October, 1827, as above stated 68,913,541 08 From which, by deducting the ambunt to. be paid-at the close of the present quarter -,; •'1,500,163 16 ' Will lea^ve, as the amount of the public, debt on the 1st of ' Jamiary,.1828 .,/ ; ; - . \; , - ' ' ; - . \ • ,- P7,413,377'92 The pubhc debton the 1st ofJanuary, 1825, amounted tb ^' $83,710,572 60 Add 44 per cent, stock issued since, under the act of 26th ' ; May;,1824- - • ' ' • - ' • --.$5,(i00,000 00 ^' •' \'^ V':• And• 3 per cent, stock ^ -' '•' 16'25 ' ^-— - \ 5,000^016 5 •-'• . •; •.':•.-• . ^ •. $88,710,5.88 85 Deduct payments ofprincipal, viz: .... In 1825- ^ • .-. ' . .- -' . - 7,725,034 88, •In"1826- • ' - . , - - - ' . • " •-' 7,064,709 2 1 ' •''y^--• ..-'. In 1827, including payment at the close of / . - ^ theyear -^•> , 6,507.466 84 ' -T..:--/ -': . ' - — 21,297,210 93 Amount, as above, on the Isf of j[antiary, 1828 TREASURY DEPARTMENT, $67,413,377 92 Register's Office, Dec. 1,1827. JOSEPH NOURSE, Rtgisier. '1827.] ., SECRETARYOFTHETREASURY. 431 No.2. .ESTIMA T E D AMO U N T of Treasury notes outstanding on the 1st ofi October, 1827. Total amount issued, (as per No. 4 of last report) -" Cancelled and reported on by the First Auditpr^ - - $36,680,794 36,669,854 Outstanding -. $10,940 - - - - Consisting of small Treasury notes notes bearing interest - • , -' ^ - ._ • , TREASURY DEPA.RTMENT, .•. .- ^' '- , - -^ - , . ' . ; $2^180 8,760 $10,940 ./ ^ Register's Office, December 8, .1827. . - • JOSEPH NOURSE, Register.. • N o . 3. S T A T E M E N T ofi the stock issjued under the act of Congress entitled '' An aci .supplementary to the act fior the indemriification ofi certain claim^ants ofi puhlic lands in ihe Mississippi Territory," passed on the 3d ofi March, 1815. Amount of claims awarded, per statement No. 5 of the last " .report - • - • - - ' . $4,282,151 12-^Whereof there was paid in for lands, per said report - $2,447,539 39 Payments at the Treasury to the 30th Sep,' tember, 1826, per said statement -$1,827,215 56 Payments from 1st October, 1826, to the 30th September, 1827 - . . . 742 48 1,827,958 04 Balance outstanding on 1st O(:tober, 1827, consisting of— Certificates outstanding 6,609 09 ' Awards not applied for * 44 6 0 | 6,653 694 " TREASURY DEPARTMENT, ^ • $4,282,151 121 - Register's Office, December 8, 1827. , ' JO.SE.PH NOURSE, Register. .432. ; ^ , REPORTS O F T H E [1827. TiiEASURY D E P A R T M E N T , \ ,.fi'' • May 16,1828. S I R :' I have the honor to,transmit a letter of the.Register of the Treasury, accompanied by statements, marked B and C, which were referred to in the statement marked A, annexed to the annual report of this depiartment on the state.of the finances, dated the Sth of December last. Statement B exhibits, in, deteiil, the duties on merchandise, tonnage, (fee.; and statement C exhibits the amount of tonnage employed in the foreign trade of the United States. T have the honor to be,-very respectfully, , ' Your obedient servant, RICHARD R U S a The Hon. the P R E S I D E N T OF THE SENATE. IS27.] .SECRETARY OF T H E TREASURY. 433 A S TA T E M E N T exhibiting tke values and qiianiities^ respectively^ of merchandise on whick duties actually accrued during', tke y e a r , 1826, {consisting ofi the diff'erence between articles paying duty, imported, and those entitled to drawback, re-exfiortedfi) and also, of the nett revenue rofiick accrued thai year, firom duties on merchandise, tonnage, passports, ancl clearances. . ' / - - . . • • ^ . •' ;MERCr-I.\NDlSE PAYING-DUTIES AD VALOREM. "5,031 doUars,,at 12 per cent. i,296,183 dollars, at 12| per cent. ,3,824,710 dollairs, at 15 percent. , 4,592,965 dollars, at 20 percent. 17,612,114 dollars; at 25 percent. 1,416,166 dollars, at 30 percent. 5,835,605 dollars, at 33^ per cent. 3,327 dollars, at 35- percent. 92,642 dollars, at 40 per cent. 340,782 dol J ars, at 50 percent. •S603 72 -^ . - , - . • >. - -'162,022 75 -• i -. 573,7()6 50 - . . - • , 918,.593 QO, -'. -•: ' - 4,'403,028^50 - ' 424,849 80 - - - . . . 1,945,201 67-,_ 1,164 45 ^ 37,056 80 , - . • -• 170,391 00 ; - 35,019,524 • .; . . ^ ; . , • •• . ^ S8,636,618 19 \ i. Wines, 2,767,893 gallons, at 25.71 cents,.averas^e 2. Spirits, 3,.322,380 gallons, at 43.54 cents, av.erage^Molasse.s, 13,661,639 gallons, at 5 cents -' 3. Teas, 8,816,225 pounds, at 34.32 cents, average -^ Coifee, 26,449,356 pounds, at 5- cents 4. Sugar, 73,451,591 pounds, at 3.06-cents, average 5. Salt, 3,104,668 pounds, at 20 cents 6". AU other arlicles - . . ; " •'••, ' DUTIES ON SPECIFIC ARTICLE.S. . ,' , . . ^ , 711,790 10 1,446,559 00, 683,081 95 3,026,140 42 1,322,467 80 2,246,942 11, 620,933 60 1 ,'953,944 10 " , • . Deduct duties refunded,after-deducting therefrom dutieson^ merchandise, the particulars ofwhich could not be ascertained, and difference in calculation - . - . , V " 12,011,859 08 • ^ 'f - - • 20,648,477 27 • - •. 14,795.51 ^ • 20,633,681 76 •Add-2^ per cent, retained on drawback ' .•10 per cent, extra duty on foreign vessels , discriminating duty on. French vessels- , ' -• mterest on custom-hou'se bonds storage received - ' .- ^ -• 140,239 .. 18,140 . 1,067 14,632 3,628 89 94 57 14 03 ^ ^ • ,. ^ ' • ! 177,708 57 Duties on merchandise Duties on tonnage -' .Light^money Passports and clearances _ ..- . " ' , . - ^ - ' . \.- ^ '- • - -, . - • -• -, - .128,5.53 84 21,516 71 ^ -• 20,811,390 33 150 J 070 .55 11,716 00 20,973,176 88 Deduct drawback on domestic refined sugar > drawback on domestic distiUed spirits drawback imder the convention with France - . 2,627 57 6,56^03 • '30 83 - 9,219 43 *" Gross revenue Expenses of collection' - -• - - - Nett revenue" - - ~^ ..- VOL. 11.-28 ..- . • r . -" ' ' - - 20,963,957 45 715,903 15 •.,- 20,248,054 30 434 [1827: , REPORTS-OF'THE. Explanatory .Statements and Notes. • 1. AVines— '" ' Madeira 128,515 gallons, atlOO cents ^ • 'Burgundy and Champagne - 15., 99'2 gaUons, at 100 c,en ts Sherry and St. Eu car • , 28,0.41 gaUoiis, at 60 cents Lisbon, Oporto, &c'. 308,557 gallons,,ai 50 cents T.en e ritfe, IFay a 1 ,,&c. •I66,3i7gall6ns, at 40xents Claret, &c. bottled- ' 77', 217'gai lons, at 30 cents All oilier - . '. 2,043,254 gaUons,-at 15cents . , ' 'v ^ •\ iE;128,.515 , ,15,992 • 16,824 ' 154,278 •66,526 23,165 306,488 ' ,2,767 ,.893-. 711., 790 10 2'. Spirits— , . ' From grain, 1 si proof ' 2d . do.. . . ' . 3d do. .331,827 gallons, at 42 cents 17,-167 gaUons, at 45 cents 39,903 gallons, at 48- cents '•,4th do..- . •6,931 gaUons, at 52 cents 5th'' dow •' 8,516'gaUons, at 60 cents , Other materials 2d- do..^ '685,822 gallons, at 38 cents 3d do. 1,003,874 gaUons, at 42 cents .'• • ^ "4th'. d o . -• ^ - , 1,234,468 gallons, at 48 cen ts • , Above 5th .do. -•2,371 gaUons, at 70 cents Deduct exported 0 . spirits .5th proof \ fi . ' ^ •• • \ ' 1,451,403 43 < • 4,844' 43. 3,322,380 gallons . 1,446,559 00 _ '. • - , • - ' '^ 8,816,225poundvS - , „ . • •- '' . • • • ' • , - 22,59^ 387,504 ,617,564 1',762,858 • 232,578 • 3,037 32 ,. 3,026,140 42 ; 73,451,599pounds 5200 08. 00 50 - . - 69,112,185 pounds,'al.3'cents • 4,339,414 pounds, at 4,cents. -, 5. SaltImported - • - bushels ' : Exporte^d ,-; - .'bushels . 44,:777 Bounties and allowances re.duced into bushels, at 20 ' ceras. ' ' -. - 1,148,4,16 .\^ 139,367.34 ;. 7,.725'15: 19,153 44 ' - 3,604 12 - ' 5,109 60 260,612 36' - . . 421,627 OS 592,544 641,659 70 3-,330,879 gallons ^ ' 8,'499 gallonSj at 57 cents • - 3'. Teas— • . '>•..' ; , : Bohea - •. - -..,";188,321 pounds, at 12'cents Souchong ^-' -. 1,550,016.pounds, at 25 cents Hyson skin, &c.' ^2,205,586"^pounds, at28cent.s.Hyson'and young hyson .•- 4,407,145 pounds, at40 cents ; Imperial i ,; 465, l57 pounds, at 50 ceiits Extra duty on teas imported ftom oth'er places than China 4. Sus:ar— '• ' , Brown 'White, clayed, &c. - ^ 00 00 6k) 50 80 10 10 ' . -: •.^-_ ' - 2,073,365 55 173,576 56 ' 2,246,942 11 4,-297,86lat20,cents •859-,5'72 20 1,193,193 at'20 cents, 238,638 60' 3,l04,668at20cents 620,933 60 1827.] SECRETARY O-P THE TREASURY. , • Ex'planatoriJ Statements and iVofes^—Continued. 6. All Other articles. Carpeting—Brussels, Wilton, &c. Venetian and ingrain ..aU other - • Cotton bagging/ •Vinegar • Beer, ale, and porter, bottled in casks Gil—spermaceti whale, and other fisH . ' olive, in casks castorlinseed • - ' ' hempseed - ' rapeseed - , Cocoa . . - ; ' -_ ,Chocolate Su^ar, candy loafother, refined • Fruits—Almonds - , ) Currants Prunes and plums . Figs•Raisins, jar, and Muscatel other - , Candles, tallow - ' wax - ', spermaceti - ' Cheese , •Soap . Tallovi^ ' Lard' . Beef and pork - '- ' Hams and, other bacon 'Butt^er .- -^ •Saltpetre, refined . Camphor, crude • . refined -. - • Salts, Epsom • . • ;. Spices—Cayenne pepper - . . Ginger, ' ^- . ' .i .Mace ,- " • Nutmegs; - '^ -. . ,Cinnamon - . Cloves , .Pepper •' , Pimento " .' ' ' •Cassia -. , - ^ fiTohacco, manufactured' * - ' Snuff: , -• - , .. Indigo T • Cotton ' Gunpowder ,Bristles • Gltie " . , PairitS:—ochre, dry;^ ' • in oil' white and red lead :whiting' -, f Lead-^pig, bar, and*^ sheet, Gtuantity.- Rate of " 'duty. 435 •Duties. Cents. " ,r yards • '-54,380 50 • S27,190 00 6J8,793 . do. , 25 , 154,698 25 10,303 -. do. 20 2,060 60 1,787,5P7 •". do. . :' . 3f , -67,031 52 •35,862 • • - gallons -8 2,868 96 61,880 do. 20 12,376 00 7,516 ' -, . d o . 15 •• ••.-..1,127/40 do. 25 ^ _ 5. 6,3 ' - ..do. 15 .84.45 2.5,109 do. 25 • 6,277 25 ^ do: ' 40' _• 137,730 • " . do.25 - 34,432 50 do., • 25 ^ do. • 25; ._ 1,646,691 . •• .2' • - pounds 32,933 82 2,256 ' 4. .do. " 90 24 .491 do. . . 12 58 92 1,866, - . do. 12 ' '223 92 do. 623 , 62 30 10. 521,483 do: 3 . 45,644 49 442,419 do. 3, 13,272 57 141,464 " '4' 4 do. ' ^,658 56 '479,048\ , do. 3 14,371-44 2,561,923 • 4 do. • 102,476 92 2,309,296 do. 3 • '69,278 •88... do.. 5 _ ' G' do. 165 9 90 . 8 . do. 33. , 2 64 . 37,839 / ^ d do. 3,405 5.1 - • do., 272,949 • - . do-. 1 ^ 2,729 49 212 do. 3 6 36 do. ( 44,697 ,do. 3 1,340 91 '2,707.^ do. 5 135 35 7,040 ' 3. - . - •.. do.. 211 20 60,887• 8 do. . 4,870 m 3,,'335 •^ . do. 12 ) 402 60 6,787 • 4 . >- - do. 271 4B 137 do. 15 - 20'55' 2,673 do; 2 .53:46 ' - . do. . do. 10,596 . 25 i. •' 2,649 00 do. 56,002 . - .do. 25 . 14,000 50 • 8 ^ 651,078 - ,. do. • 52,086 24 222,404 . do. ,. 6r 13/344 24 536,962 do.. 6 32,217 72 13,573 - • .do. 10 , 1,357 3() _ ^ - do.^ . do. :do.. . do. do. - . do. do. do. -. do. . do. • T do. ' ' • 696,87615^ 27,176. 3 38,441 : 8 160,900 • 3.; •-^12,024 5 903,040' . 1 5^359^ U 1,690,936 ; 4 ' 370,843. > i: 3,449V825'. 2 104,531 40 815 28' 3,075 28 •4,827 00 601 20 9,030 40 80 38 67,637 44 3', 708 43 68,996 50 [1827. REPORTS OF THE 436 Explanatory- S(ateme7its' and Notes—Continued. .6. All other articles. Gtuantity. Rate of duty. - pounds Lead, shot - ' -' r , Cables, tarred > , . . -. .•do.' Cordage, tarred ' -• - ' - . do. untarred- ^ - • - . - , • do. Twine,cuntarred yarn, &c. . do. Corks . •., - \ , -•' .^ do. Copper—rods arid bolts " do. nails and spikes - > - • do. Fire-arm's—niuskets -' .. ~ . • No. - ^. ^ rifles - ' ,. - • do. Iron and steel wire, not above No. 18 - pounds above-No. 18 - " / - >do.' tacks, brads, &c., .not above 16 oz. - . M. ' ' . . • ,' . above 16 oz. - -pounds . nails --' :- - , - ' ' • • do. •. spikes -- ^ do. ; - chain cables - . do. ' rnUl cranks - . '- ' • .do. inU] saws '^ No. . anchors. .^ pounds anyUs .- . do. ., bla:cksmith's hammers • . • ^ - - do. • castings, vessels of' - ' - • do. •other , ' •. - . do. ' round- and brazier's rods • - . do. nail and ."spike rods - . do. . ^ . sheet.and hpop "* . -^ .. - • do. ' slit and rolled . - . . 'do. . -. -" cwt. ' P'^ ;, , " " . " • bar, I'oUed - • .do;' hammered-. , dor. Steel - ' - ' ' ' - ' xlo: Hemp - " -' do. Alum . - • - • . ' do. Copperas do. \ do.^ Wheat flour ^ ' ^ Coal ^ -.\ - (iushels Wheat - , : - - - c - ; do. Oats , - . do. Potatoes . -.- • " do. Paper—folio and 4to post - pounds , foolscapx '- • do.,. . printing . . - , do. sheathing - . ' ;-.• do. all other do. Books—printed previous to 1775 do. - in other languages -. do. - , Latin and Greek, bound - ' do. " .. in boards do. all other, bound . - . do. • in b o a r d s " -• do.' ' Glass—cut, and not specified do. • all other - •_ do. apDlhecafies' vials, not above 4 oz. gross ,' ' not above 8 oz. '.do. bo.lies, not above one quart. - . ' do. two" quarts ,do. • four quarts - . do., . .window, not above 8 by 10 .- lOOsq.ft. .10 by 12 . • dp. - • -52,853 Cents. 3^ . ^. 60,887 233,438 C^ 128,466. , 38,230 " .1,163 •• Duties. '- 5 5^ 12 4 ^ 4 t^l,849 85 3,044 11,671 15,415 1,529 46 35 90 92 20 52 161 250 ' -.. 402 50 639,657* 5 31,982 85 - 218,776 9 19,689 84 • ' 16,400 5 < . -820'00 1,351 5 67 55 191,562; 5 9,578 10 . "26,791 4 1,071 64 381,294 3 . 11,438 82 ; 205 4 8 20 ^ "^1,508 lOO 1,508 00 ; 67,452 2 .1,349 04 , 445,946 2 8,918 92 14,593 •2r ' • 364 82 ' - 445,392 6,680 88 n 630,396 1 6,303 96 .^ 409,179 3 12,275 37 395,595 3 11,867 85 2,243,526 3 '67,305 78 '8,006 ^ 3 240 18 , 35,769 50 17,'884 50 79,316 150 118,974'00 385,095 90 ' • 346.585 50 15,727 100 15',727 CO 72,451 175 126,789 25 4 250 10 00 4,536 200 9,072.00 39 50 19 50 1,012,092 6 60,725 52 1,157 . -25 '289 25 1,275 90 12,759 10, 67,177 10 '•,i.- 6,717 70 : . 4,772 ; 954 40 20 . 1,548 a, 119 .40,396 , ^ 10 3 15 111,236 ' 4 . -7,941 15 2,761 13 ' 9,859 . 30 40,708 26 23,341 3 - 911,828 2 5,144 IGO 497 125 24,576 , 200. .- 459 250 .22 .:00 767 ' .:00 441 350 154 80 273 57 :. ,6,059 40 ,. .' 4,449 44 l,19ri5 -358,93 2,957 70 . 10,584 08 700 23 18,236 56 5,144 00 . 621 25" 49,152 00 1,147 50 66 00 ; 2,301 00 1,543 50 1827.]. 437 SECRETARY GF THE TREASURY. Explanatory Statements and Notes—Continuecl. 6. AU other articles. ' ; Q.uantity -Rate of' duty., V- Duties. Cents. Glass—window, above 10 b} 12 uncut, in plates demijohns Fish^dried or smoked salmon • mackerel all other •Shoes and slippers; silk ' prunelle > leather, men's, &c. children's -' Boots and bootees Segars -. ' Playing cards Russia duck - 100 sq. feet \ do. ' No. quintals barrels. do. do, pairs . do. do. , . do. . "• , - '2,9(51 264, 60,088 ... 605 '1,'889 •• 89 , -234 .1,042 1,068 3,-843. - , 25 100 200 150 100 30 • - • 25 ,-' 25 150' ' -' V • 226 50 : 39,042 50 250 . 406 20 30 ' 400 206 ' / ' • 151 15,617. 1,354 ..•"2' do. • M. packs. pieces $11,844 00 1,056 00 15,022 00 • ^605 00 2,978 00 133. 50 234 00 ,312 60 267 00 9'60 75 m 400' 2,063., Ij37 43 c "^ ^ Deduct excess of exportation over importation ; /- . S23 60 •Castor oil 59 gaUons, at 40 cents . 768 55 Candles, tallow -' .15,^371 pounds, at 5 cents 731 08 Soap . 18,277 pounds, at 4 cents - 4,044 .58Beef and pork 202,299 pounds, at 2 cents M a c e . - -• - 10,149 00 10,149 pounds, at 100 cents . - 2,193 00 Nutmegs 3,655 pounds, a L 60-cents , 5.6 52 Snuff -. 471 pounds, at 12 cents - 2;235 64 Cable.?, Jarred 55,891 pounds, a-t 4 cents - 8,212 88 Cordage, tarred - • - '205,322 pounds, at 4 cents - -3,277.50 Muskets • 2,185 No. 'at-150 cents - 75,682 98^ Paper 445,194 pounds, at- 1.7 cents Books printed previous to 322 16 8,054 pounds, at • '4 cents 1775 TOO- 50 670 pairs, at 15 cents Shoes, chUdren's - - 1,018 50 '4,074 gallons, at 25„cents Hempseed oil 9,171 pounds, at • 4cents c - ' 366 84 Blue vitriol ' ' Carried to statement B. ' • , ^ V. > - - ' ' 109,183 33 , - Sl,953,944 10 438 REPORTS OF THE. ' '' .-' • • " . , • " ^ • • c . , ' . • . \ • • . . ^ . ', [1827..: ^ - - > • A ^ S T A T E M E N T exhibiiing tke amount ofi. American and fioreign 'tonnage, ernployed iri tke fioreign trade ofi tke United States, during theyear ending ori tke 31st day ofi December, 1826. . American ton'ri age Jn foreign trade Foreign tonnage in foreign trade; ' -^ - » - - Tons 910,635 , 120.716 ^FotaL tonnage employed in the foreign trade of the .UnitedStates ,-• -^ ;^ •- - l^OSl/aSl Proportion of.foreign;tonnage to the,whole amount of the, tonnage emplo.yed in the foreign trade of t h e ' • UnitedStates -^ • • - . TREASURY. DEPARTMENT, • ' , . 11.7 to lOG / fifi^ ^Jkegister's' Offiice, May 16, \828._ JOSEPH 'NOURSE, Register. • INDEX A. Agriculture, promoted by domestic manufactures, 321, 405, 445. how affected by the fall in price of domestic articles i n foreign markets in 1818, 4S6. Appropriations for 1814, gross amount of, 29. Army expenses from 1st January, 1812, to 30th September, 1815, 15, 29. in 1816, 74. 1817, 89, 111. 1818, 111, 198. 1819', 145, 198. 1820,: 168, 198. 1821, 200, 2:17; 234, 1822, 218, 239. 264. 1823; 248, 269', 276, 2 9 4 1824, 277; 301, 313, 332. 1825, 314, 339, 354, 372. 1826, 355, 379, 393, 418. 1827, 394, 426, 461, 472. 1828, 466, 473. B, Balance in the Treasury, 1st January, 1815, 30, .1816, 74. 1817, 88, 1818, 111. 1819, 114. 1820, 169. 1821, 199. 1822, 217. 1823, 247, 1824, 276, 1825, 313, 1826; 354. 1827, 393, 472, 1828, 448, 472. 1829, estimated, 448, Batik capital authorized by law, itt 181445-16-17, 481, 483,. 520.-, of sixteen banks, in 1813-15-19, 523. Bank credits, advantages and,,disadvantages of, consideredijy 491,492. Bank, national,; establishmentr of: a, .recommendedy ^i 1 , Bank of England, suspended specie payments,.remarks, on, .491i excessive issues;of, reduced the- rate, GFT inteiest, 503. B a n k + o f U n i t e d . States, .subscription, to the. sfockUof.the; k:90., . a modification) of the f charter., of?, recommended;, 177. its beneficial effects on the: fiscal) operations of Government, : 446.-, condition iof, the,'on: the':30th ^iSeMenaber, 1819, 481, 514. 528 INDEX. Bank dividends, in 1817, 117 1838, 110, 155, 198. 1819, .184, 198. 1821, 199, 232. 1822, 237, 260. 1823,^ 292. 1824, 330. 1825, 337, 370. 1826, 416. 1827, 424, 460, 472. 1828, 473. Banknotes, duty on, cease in 1816, 9. in circulation in 1819, 482, 483, 518, 523. Banks benefit the community, under certain restrictions, 487 Banks increased since the termination of the war in 1.815, 493. should be restrained from excessive issues, and from issuing small notes, 494. Banks in the several Stales and Territories, condition.of.the, in 1819, 521. specie possessed by the, 522. Bounties and allowances.—See Imports. C Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, United States subscribe to the stock of the, 447 Circulating medium, plan for improving the, 40. Cocoa, a reduction of the duty on, recommended, 325. Coffee, a reduction of the duty on, recommended, 325. Coinage of the United States compared with that of other nations, 494. an.increase and alterations of the. recommended, 495. Colonial trade, remarks on the, 410. Commerce, how affected by the tariff of 1824, 280, 319, 397 state of the foreign, in 1828, 442. how affected by substituting a paper for a metallic currency, 509. Cotton, exported in 1825-26, 361. Cotton fabrics^ further protection necessary for the manufacturers of, 149, 325, 400. Crawford, Mr., report of, on currency, 481. Currency, report of Mr. Crawford on, 481. of what it consists, and its condition, 482. causes of depreciation in the paper, 484. of metal and paper in circulation in 1813-15-19, 485. when purely metallic, its effects, 488, 493. how affected by bank issues, 489. Treasury notes became a component part of the, in the eastern States, in 1815-16, 491. paper circulation may be beneficially connected with metallic, 491,493. metallic, value of, compared with that of other nations, 494. the issue of Treasury notes for the improvement of the, considered, 496. INDEX. 529 Currency, the practicability of adopting a paper for a -metallic, considered, 497, 511. constitutionality of adopting a paper for a metallic, considered, 504 estimated amount required for Europe, of metallic, 501'. D. 65. Debentures, issued in 1,813-14, 1815, 82, 95, 150. 1816, 95, 150. 1817, 116, 150. 1818-19-20, 179, 205. 1821, 225. 1822, 253. 1823, 285. 1824, 327. 1825, 367, 1826, 413. 1827, 451, Debt—See Public Debt. Direct taxes increased in 1815, 12. a.reduction of the, recommended, 36.—See Revenue, Discriminating duties cease in 1816, 7, Drawbacks—See Debentures issued. Duties on domestic manufactures, a repeal of the, proposed, 36. table of existing, 46. additional, on imports and tonnage, cease in 1816, 7, a continuance of the. recommended, 38. on stamps and refin.ed sugar, cease in 1816, 35. on other articles, a repeal or reduction of, recommended, 36. on. imports, an increase of the, proposed for the protection of certain articles of domestic manufacture, 149, 204, 223, 252, 400.; on fine cotton fabrics imported, an increase of the, proposed, 325. on teas, coffee, and cocoa, a diminution of the, proposed, 325. on imports, remarks on the credit system, in the collection of the, 492.—See Imports; also, Merchandise. E. Estimate of receipts and expenditures for 1815-16, 24, 29, 33, 35, 73, 78. 1817, 78, 80, 88. 1818, 93, 110. 1819, 113, 145. 1820, 148, 167, 1821, 170, 199. 1822, 202,218, 1823, 220,247. 1824, 250,277. 1825, 281,314. 1826, 318, 354. 1827, 360, 393. 1828, 396,412. 1829, 449. Exchange, (foreign and inland,) rale of, in 1813-14-15-16, 484, 524. Exchange, (foreign) how' affected by the depreciation of paper currency, 48*4. by substituting a paper for a metallic currency, 509„ VOL. II.—34 530 INDEX. Expenditures^— See Receipts and expenditures. Exports for the year ending 30th September, 1822, .220. 222. 1823, 250. 1824, 280. 1825, 318. 1826, 360. for the years 1822 to 1827, 397 1821 to 1828:, 442. F Finances, a review of the. in reference to the late state of war, 5. state of the, in 1815, 24. 1816, 73. 1817, 88; 1818, 110. 1819, 144. 1820, 167= 1821, 198. 1822, 217, 1823, 247, 1824, 276, 1825, 312. 1826, 353. 1827, 388. 1828, 439. Flour exported in 1825-6, 361. Foreign debt'extinguished'in 1810> 20; H. Hamilton's reports on finances referred to, 445. Hemp,- an increase of the duty on, recommended, 400, I. Importations into several ports, a comparative statement of the value of, 305, gross amount of, in 1821 to 1828, 442. in 1816, increased the rate of exchange, 484. Imports, statement of the amount of duties accrued on, in 1813-14. 65. 1815, 82,150'. 1815-16, 95, 150. 1817, 116, 150. 1815-16-17-18,150. 1817-18-19, 179. 1818-19-20, 205. 1821, 225. 1822, 253. 1823, 285. 1824, 327, 1825, 367. 1826, 413. 1827, 451.—See Merchandise imported, Indemnity by Great Britain fof slaves, &c., amount of, 393. distribution of the, 394, 418, 425. duties increased in 1S15; 12. DigitizedInternal for FRASER INDEX. 531 Internal} duties, repeal of some, and reduction of other parts of the, proposed, 36. repealed 31st December, 1817. 148.—See Revenue. Internal improvements, surplus revenues may be applied to, 81. Iron, an increase of the duty on, recommended, 400. L. Land claimants (Yazoo) in Mississippi, statements of the awards to, 126, 166, 190, 216, 246, 275, 311, 345, 387. 431, 474., Lands—See Public lands. Laws creating and increasing the revenue, reviewed, 8, 34. repeal or modification of certain, proposed, 38. a revision of the, recommended, 445. Loans, additional, recommended, 75/ 149, 178, 204, 282, 317, 359. receipts from, in 1812-'13-'14, 15. in 1815, 26, 30. terms on which obtained, 26, 53 to 64. 283, 306, 307, receipts from, in 1816, 74. 1820, 178. 1821,199, 204, 217, 1822, 223. 1823, 283. 1824, 312. 1825, 354, 370—See Revenue. M: Manufactures, a repeal of the laws injuriously affecting domestic, proposed, 36. table of the existing duties on domestic, 46. a modification of the tariff, proposed for the better protection of, 149, 204, 223, 252, 325, 397. 400. promote the interests of agriculture and commerce, 324, 445. domestic, exported in 3.S24-'25, 319. 1826, 363. 1827, 397 182,1 to. 1828. 442. how affected by the fall in price of domestic articles in foreign ports in 1818, 486. Mediterranean fund, discontinued in March, 1815, 6. Merchandise imported, (the quantity re-exported deducted) in 1814, 66. 1815, 82, 95. 1816, 95. 1817, 116. 1818, 151. 1819, 180. 1820, 206. 1821, 226. 1822, 254. 1823, 286. 1824, 347, 1825, 476. 1826, 433. 1827, 452. 532 INDEX. N. National bank, establishment of-a, recommended, 44. subscription to the stock of the, 76. National circulating medium, plan for improving the, 40. Navy expenses, from 1st January, 1812, to 30th September, 1815, 15, 29. for 1816, 74. 1817, 89, 111. 1818, 111, 198. 1819, 145, 198. 1820, 168, 198. 1821, 200i 217, 234. 1822, 218, 241, 264. 1S23, 248, 270, 276, 295. 1824, 277, 302, 313, 333. 1825, 314, 340, 354. 374. 1826, 354, 381, 393^ 420. 1827, 394, 428/464, 472. 1828, 469, 473. O. Officers and soldiers—See Revolutionary claims. P. Passports and clearances—See Merchandise imported ,- also, Imports. Postage on letters, increased in 1815, 12.—See Revenue. Public credit, during the late war, state of the, reviewed, 6. plan for improving the, 38. suite of, in 1.828, 441. Public debt, amount paid from 1st Jan., 1812, to 30th Sept., 1815,15,16,30, amount unpaid on 30th September, 1815,19. amount paid to 1st January, 1815, 22. statement of the, from 1st January, 1791, to 1815. 47. state of the. in 1816, 75, 82, 85, 90, 100. 1817. 90, 100 to 103, 111, 119, 135. additions made to the, by funding Treasury notes, 104,146,160, amount of the, on 1st January and 1st October, 1818,112, 120r 146, 160, 164. in 1819, 147, 161 to 166, 185. 1820, 169, 186, 188, 200, 212. 1821, 201, 213 to 216, 219, 235, 243. 1822, 219, 244, 249, 265, 272. 1823, 249, 271, 273, 278, 296, 308. 1824, 278, 303, 30?, 334, 342. when it may be redeemed, 283. amount paid from 1st January, 1817. to 1st January, 1825,''284, 343. INDEX. 533 Public debt, amount of the, on 1st October, 1825, 315, 341, 344, 375-, 384. 1826, 356,381,385 to 387,421. 1827, 390,429 to 431,465,472, . 1828, 470, 473. amount paid from 1st Jan., 1817, to 1st Jan., 1829, 440, 472. amount unpaid on 1st January, 1829, 471. Public lands sold prior to ihe establishment of land offices, 51. from the opening of the land offices to 1814, 51. from 1st October, 1814, to 30th Sept., 1815, 68 to 72,88, receipts from, in 1816, 73, 88. 110. sold from 1st Oct., 1816, to 1st Oct.,, 1817, 97 to, 99, 110. sold in 1817-18,110, 118, 135 to 143. 1818-19, 145, 156 to 159, 191. 1819-20, 167, 191 to 198. relief to purchasers of, recommended, 175. sold in 1820-21, 199,<211, 230. effects of the relief laws on the sale of, 202. sold in 1823, 236, 247, 258. 1823, 248, 266, 276, 290. 1824, 277/297, 312, 328. 1825, 313, 335, 368. 1826, 376, 392,. 414. 1827, 393, 422, 457. remarks on the credit system in the sale of, 492. R. Receipts and expenditures, from 1st Jan., 1812, to 30th Sept., 1815,16, 29. from 1791 to 1814, 45, 73. in 1815-16, 73, 88, 110. 1816-17, 88, 110. 1817-18, 111, 144, 1818-19, 145, 167. 1819_20, 167, 198. 1820-21, 198, 217, 233. 1821-22, 217, 233, 238 to 244, 247,261. 1S22-23, 247, 261,.268, 293. 18^3-24, 276, 293, 300, 330-1. from 1st Jan., 1817, to 1st Jan., 1825, 284. in 1824-25, 312, 330 to 352, 354,371,476. 1825-26, 353, 371 to 382. 1826-27, 392, 413 to 438, 451, 457, 460, 472. from 1821 to 1828, 442, 448, 451,, 465, 473. Revenue, state of the, during the late war, reviewed, 5. laws passed in 1815 for increasing the, 12. from what sources derived, and the amount in 1815, 12, 23, 30. received from all sources, from 1st Jan., 1812, to 30th Sept., 1815, 16, 30. laws relating to the several branches of, reviewed, 8, 34. laws, modifications of, proposed, 36, 38, Mo. http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ plan for improving the, 38. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 534 INDEX. Revenuej amount of. in 1814-15-16, 73, 88, 96, 110, 144. 1817, 89, 96, 110, 117, 144, 167, 1818, 111, 144, 150, 167, 198. 1819, 145, 155, 167: 184, 198. an augmentation of the, recommended, 149, 204, 223. amount of; in 1820, 167, 184, 198, 210. 1821, 199, 217, 226, 232. 1822, 218, 237, 254, 260. 1823,' 247, 266, 276, 286 to 292. from 1st Jan. 1817, to 1st Jan. 1825, 284. in 1824, 276, 299, 312, 328, 3.30. 1825, 313, 335 to 337, 354, 368 to 370, 476. 1826, 377, 392, 413 to 416, 432 to 438. 1827, 393, 422 to 424. 448, 451, 457 to 460. from 1821 to 1828, 442, 448. how affected by the issue of Treasury notes, 496.—See Merchandise. Revolutionary claims paid under act of 15th May, 1828. 466. Rice, amount of, exported in 1825-6. 361. S. Salt duty, ceases in 1816, 9, 34. a continuation of the, recommended, 36. Silk, observations on the culture and manufacture of, 364. Sinking fund, operations of the, to 30th September, 1815, 20. rise and progress of the, 21, 39. further powers necessary to the, 40, 77, ^ statement of the, in 1816, 83. stock purchased by the, in 1817, 106 to 109. 1818,124. 1819, 164. 1826, 358, 382. 7 per cent, stock, to be purchased by the. 252. operations of the, from January, 1818, to January, 1829, 440. Slaves, <fcc., amount received from Great^ Britain for. 393, 460. amount'paid, 461, 466, 472, .473. Specie, effects of the suspension of the payment of, by banks, on the fiscal .operations of Government, 12, 24, 40, 114. payment-of, resumed by banks, 114, 490. amount possessed by banks, and in circulation in 1819, 482. causes of the suspension of the payment of, by banks, 484, 490. an article of commerce, 494. Spirits distilled in the United States, duties on, to be modified, 36,178. importation of, to be prohibited, 178. quantity imported.—See Merchandise. Stamp duties, cease in 1816, 35. a continuation of the, recommended, 36. Subscription to the Bank of the United States, 90. Sugarj quantity imported.—See Merchandise. refined, duties on, cease in 1816, 35. a continuation of the duties on, recommended, 36. INDEX. 535 Surplus fund, unexpended balances carried to the, in 1815, 29. amount applied to the payment of the public debt since January, 1817, 441. Surplus revenues may be applied to internal improvements, 81, 252. Tariff of duties on imports, a modification of the, proposed for the better protection of domestic manufactures, 149. a revision of the, recommended, 204, 223, 252. 325, 397, present compared with former, 304, of 1828, effect of, on the revenue, 445. 'Taxes, a view of the several descriptions of, in 1815.12.—See Direct taxes. also. Internal duties. Teas imported, a reduction of the duties on, recommended, 325, 409, 445. —See Merchandise. Tobacco exported in 1824-5-6, 361. Tonnage, amount of American and foreign, 111 1814, 65. 1815, 82, 95,150. 1816, 95, 150. 1817, 116, 150, 179. 1818, 150, 179. 205, 1819, 179, 205.' 1820, 205. 1821, 225. 1822, 253. 1823, 285. 1824, 352. 1825, 367, 1826, 438. 1827, 456. 1828, 443. Treasury notes authorized to.be issued! in 1815, 13. amount received from, in 1812-13-14, 15. issued prior to February, 1815, and outstanding, IS, may be funded, 19. for what purposes issued in 1815, 26. amount received from, in 1815, 31. re-issued prior to October, 1815, 52. estimated amount of, unpaid in 1816, 64. issued, 92. funded and outstanding in 1817, 104. 1818, 112, 125. stock issued on, to 31st December, 1817, 121. outstanding in December, 1819, 165, 187, October, 1820, 189. November, 1821, 215. October, 1822. 246. 1823, 275. 1824, 310, 345, 536 INDEX. Treasury notes outstanding in October, 1825, 316. 1826, 387. 1827, 431. 1828, 474. constituted an essential part of the circulating medium in the Eastern States in 1815-16, 490. expediency of issuing^ as a relief from the general • pecuniary distress (in 1820) considered, 496. W, Wines, a reduction of the duties on, recommended, 409.—See Merchandise; Woollen fabrics, further protection necessary for manufacturers of, 149,400. Y Yazoo claimants, statement of, awards' in favor of the, 126, 166, 190, 216, 246, 275, 311, 345, 387, 431, 474.