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Analysis of WORK STOPPAGES 1959 Tre nds Size an d d u r a tio n Issu e s In d u s tr ie s a n d localities affected D e ta ils of m a jo r s to p p a g e s C h r o n o lo g y o f 1959 stee l strike Bulletin No. 1278 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S Ew an C la g u e , C o m m issio n e r Analysis of W ORK STOPPAGES 1959 Bulletin No.1278 September I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S E w an C la g u e , C o m m issio n e r For sale by the Superintendenl of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 40 cents Preface T h is b u lle tin p r e s e n ts a d eta iled s ta tis tic a l a n a ly s is o f w o rk stop p a g es in 1959, continuing an annual fea tu re o f the B u reau o f L a b o r S tatistics* p r o g r a m in the fie ld o f in d u stria l r e la tio n s . P r e lim in a r y m on th ly e s tim a te s o f the le v e l o f strik e (o r lo c k o u t) a c tiv ity fo r the United States a s a w hole a r e is su e d about 30 days a fte r the end o f the m onth o f r e fe r e n c e and a re a v a ila b le upon r e q u e st. P r e lim in a r y e s tim a te s fo r the e n tire y e a r a r e a v a ila b le at the y ea r*s end; s e le c t e d fin a l tabu lation s a r e is s u e d in A p r il o f the fo llo w in g y e a r . A c h r o n o lo g y o f the 1959 ste e l s trik e , w h ich w as ended a fte r 116 days by a co u r t in ju n ction , and ta b le s show ing the in d u stria l and g e o g r a p h ic a l sco p e o f this strik e a re p r e se n te d in ap pen dix B. A pp en d ix C con tain s a ch r o n o lo g y o f the A tla n tic and G ulf C o a st lo n g s h o r e stoppage in w hich the e m e r g e n c y p r o v is io n s o f the T a ft -H a r tle y A c t w e re a ls o in vok ed by the P r e s id e n t. The m eth od s u sed in p re p a rin g w ork t ic s a r e d e s c r ib e d in appendix D. stoppage s ta tis The B u reau w ish ed to ack n ow led ge the c o o p e r a tio n o f e m p lo y e r s and e m p lo y e r a s s o c ia t io n s , la b o r unions, the F e d e r a l M ed ia tion and C o n c ilia tio n S e r v ic e , and v a r io u s State a g e n c ie s in fu rn ish in g in fo rm a tio n on w o rk stop p a g es. T h is r e p o r t w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's D iv is io n o f W a ges and In d u stria l R e la tio n s by J oseph W. B lo ch , a s s is te d by L o r e tto R . N olan. Julian M alnak p r e p a r e d the c h r o n o lo g ie s w h ich ap p ea r in a p p e n d ice s B and C. Hi Contents P age S u m m a r y ________________________________________________________________________________________________ T r e n d s in w o r k s to p p a g e s ____________________________________________________________________________ S ize o f s t o p p a g e s ______________________________________________________________________________________ D u r a tio n ________________________________________________________________________________________________ M a jo r i s s u e s ___________________________________________________________________________________________ I n d u s t r ie s a ff e c t e d ____________________________________________________________________________________ S to p p a g e s b y lo c a t io n _________________________________________________________________________________ R e g io n s ______________________________________________________________________________________________ S tate s ________________________________________________________________________________________________ M e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s ________________________________________________________________________________ M on th ly tr e n d s ________________________________________________________________________________________ U n io n s in v o lv e d _______________________________________________________________________________________ M e th o d s o f te r m in a tin g s t o p p a g e s __________________________________________________________________ D i s p o s it io n o f i s s u e s __________________________________________________________________________________ C h a rts: 1. T r e n d s in w o r k s to p p a g e s ___________________________________________________________________ 2. W o r k e r s in v o lv e d and id l e n e s s in w o r k s to p p a g e s , e x c lu s i v e o f b a s ic s te e l, m o t o r v e h i c l e s , and b itu m in o u s c o a l, 1 9 4 5 -5 9 _________________________________________ 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 8 T a b le s : W o r k s to p p a g e s : 1. In the U n ited S ta te s , 1 9 2 7 -5 9 ____________________________________________________________ 2 . In v o lv in g 10, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s , s e le c t e d p e r io d s ________________________________ 3. B y m o n th , 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 . M a jo r i s s u e s _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. B y in d u s tr y g r o u p , 1959 __________________________________________________________________ 6. B y r e g io n , 1959 and 1958 _________________________________________________________________ 7. B y S tate, 1959 _____________________________________________________________________________ 8. B y m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a , 1959 _____________________________________________________________ 9. B y a ff ilia t io n o f u n ion s in v o lv e d , 1959 ________________________________________________ 10. B y s iz e o f s to p p a g e , 1959 ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ 11. B y n u m b e r o f e s t a b lis h m e n t s in v o lv e d , 1959 12. B e g in n in g in 1959 in v o lv in g 10, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s _______________________________ 13. D u r a tio n _____________________________________________________________________________________ 14. M eth o d o f te r m in a tin g ____________________________________________________________________ 15. D is p o s it io n o f is s u e s ______________________________________________________________________ A p p e n d ix A - 1. A -2 . A - 3. A : T a b le s — W o r k s to p p a g e s B y i n d u s t r y _________________________________________________________________________________ B y in d u s tr y g r o u p and m a jo r i s s u e s ___________________________________________________ In S ta te s h a v in g 25 o r m o r e s to p p a g e s b y in d u s tr y g ro u p ___________________________ 9 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 26 26 27 28 30 32 A p p e n d ix B : T h e 1959 s t e e l s tr ik e _________________________________________________________________ P a r t I. T h e s tr ik e c h r o n o l o g y ___________________________________________________________________ P a r t II. In d u s tr y and g e o g r a p h ic a l s c o p e _______________________________________________________ T a b le s — W o r k e r s in v o lv e d and m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s B - l . B y i n d u s t r y _________________________________________________________________*------------B - 2 . B y r e g io n an d State _________________________________________________________________ B - 3 . B y s e le c t e d m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s _________________________________________________ 52 52 52 A p p e n d ix C : T he A tla n tic and G u lf C o a s t lo n g s h o r e s t r ik e , 1959 ______________________________ 53 A p p e n d ix D : S c o p e , m e t h o d s , and d e f i n i t i o n s ____________________________________________________ 59 v 37 37 51 Analysis of W ork Stoppages, 1959 S u m m a ry T h e 1959 s t e e l s t r ik e , w h i c h id le d 5 1 9 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s f o r 116 d a y s b e f o r e an in ju n c t io n te r m in a te d th e s t r ik e , r a is e d the y e a r 's to t a l s t r i k e 1 id le n e s s to 69 m i lli o n m a n -d a y s , s e c o n d o n ly to 1946 in the p o s t w a r p e r io d . O t h e r w is e , 6 y p o s t w a r s ta n d a r d s , the v o lu m e o f s t r ik e a c t iv it y d u r in g the y e ^ r , a s m e a s u r e d in n u m b e r o f s to p p a g e s (3 , 708) and w o r k e r s in v o lv e d (1 , 880, 0 0 0 ), w a s n ot h ig h . H o w e v e r , th e r e w a s a s ig n ific a n t in c r e a s e in the d u r a tio n o f s to p p a g e s w h ich a v e r a g e d 24. 6 d a y s . T h e 245 s to p p a g e s in v o lv in g 1,000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s w e r e fe w e r than in 1958 and in m o s t p o stw a r y e a r s . C on tin u in g a d if fe r e n t ia l p r e v a ilin g s in c e 1949 (e x c e p t f o r 1954), a l l m e a s u r e s o f s t r ik e a c t iv it y w e r e h ig h e r f o r m a n u fa c tu r in g than f o r n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s . T h e s t e e l s t r ik e in v o lv e d w o r k e r s in 32 S ta tes— in 10 o f th e s e S ta tes m o r e than 1 0 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s . A s in th e c a s e o f th e s t e e l s t r ik e , the e m e r g e n c y p r o v i s i o n s o f th e T a ft H a r t le y A c t w e r e in v o k e d to en d a lo n g s h o r e m e n s s t r ik e at E a s t and G u lf C o a s t p o r t s . T r e n d s in W o r k S to p p a g e s A to ta l o f 3, 708 w o r k s to p p a g e s r e s u l t ing f r o m la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t d is p u t e s , in v o lv in g s ix o r m o r e w o r k e r s , and la s t in g a fu ll d a y o r s h ift o r lo n g e r b e g a n in 1959 (t a b le 1). T h e s e s to p p a g e s d i r e c t l y in v o lv e d 1, 880, 000 w o r k e r s . A l l s to p p a g e s in e f f e c t d u rin g the y e a r r e s u lt e d in 6 9 ,0 0 0 , 000 m a n d a y s o f id le n e s s , o r 0. 61 p e r c e n t o f th e e s t i m a te d w o r k in g tim e o f a ll w o r k e r s in n o n a g r ic u lt u r a l e s t a b lis h m e n t s . 2 In th e y e a r f s to ta l, the 1 1 6 -d a y s t e e l s t r ik e a c c o u n t e d f o r 1 s to p p a g e , 519, 000 w o r k e r s , and 41, 900, 000 m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s (t a b le B - l ) . T he n u m b e r o f s to p p a g e s r e c o r d e d d u r ing the y e a r r e m a in e d a t a p p r o x im a t e ly the s a m e l e v e l a s in 1958 3 and 1957, s u b s ta n t ia lly b e lo w the h ig h p o s tw a r l e v e l r e a c h e d in 1946 and in a 4 - y e a r p e r io d b e g in n in g in 1950, and l e s s than 10 p e r c e n t a b o v e th e lo w p o s t w a r m a r k o f 1948 (c h a r t 1). D e s p ite the s t e e l s t r ik e , fe w e r w o r k e r s w e r e in v o lv e d in 1959 s to p p a g e s than in an y p o s tw a r y e a r e x c e p t 1954 and 1957. Y et, to ta l m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s , r e fl e c t in g the im p a c t o f the la r g e s t i d l e n e s s - p r o d u c i n g s t r ik e in the N a tio n 's h i s t o r y , r e a c h e d a le v e l s e c o n d o n ly to 1946 (b u t o n ly a b o u t t h r e e - f if t h s o f that le v e l ). 4 T h u s, la r g e l y b e c a u s e o f the le n g th o f th e s t e e l s t r ik e , 1959 m a y b e c o m e a h i s t o r i c y e a r in the a n n a ls o f la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t r e la t io n s . O th e r m e a s u r e s o f s tr ik e a c t iv it y d u rin g the y e a r w e r e n o t h igh , b y p o s tw a r s ta n d a r d s , bu t th e r e w a s a s ig n ific a n t in c r e a s e in th e d u r a tio n o f s to p p a g e s ( d i s c u s s e d la t e r in th is r e p o r t ) w h ic h a l s o c o n tr ib u te d to th e 1959 r i s e in m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s . F o r p u r p o s e s o f illu s tr a t in g h ow 1959, w ith o u t its m a jo r s t r ik e , c o m p a r e s w ith o th e r y e a r s , w ith o u t th e ir m a jo r s t r ik e s , c h a r t 2 s h o w s w o r k e r s in v o lv e d an d m a n -d a y s o f i d l e n e s s s in c e 1945, l e s s the a m o u n ts c o n tr ib u te d b y a ll s to p p a g e s in th e b a s ic s te e l, m o t o r 2 In c o m p u tin g p e r c e n t o f e s tim a te d w o r k in g tim e o f a ll w o r k e r s , g o v e r n m e n t e m p l o y m e n t is e x c lu d e d . (S e e a p p e n d ix D, p . 5 9 .) F o r th o s e in t e r e s t e d in c o m p a r in g s tr ik e i d l e n e s s in the U n ited S ta tes w ith o th e r c o u n t r ie s , th e e s t im a t e o f p e r c e n t o f w o r k in g tim e lo s t , in c lu d in g g o v e r n m e n t, a m o u n te d to 0. 52 in 1959. 3 F o r d e t a ile d d a ta on 1958, s e e A n a ly s is o f W o r k S to p p a g e s, 1958, B L S B u ll. 1258 (1 9 5 9 ). 4 T h e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s b e g a n c o m p u tin g m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s in 1927. It is p r o b a b le that 1919 w a s the o n ly y e a r p r i o r 1 T h e t e r m s Hw o r k s t o p p a g e 11 and " s t r ik e * 1to 1927 w h en m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s m a y h a v e a r e u s e d in t e r c h a n g e a b ly in th is b u lle tin . r e a c h e d a l e v e l in th e r a n g e o f 1946 o r 1959. S tr ik e s , in th is s p e c ia l u s e , w o u ld thus in In 1919, o v e r 4 m i lli o n w o r k e r s w e r e in v o lv e d c lu d e lo c k o u t s . in s to p p a g e s . 2 v e h i c l e s , and b itu m in o u s c o a l in d u s t r ie s . 5 D u rin g th e 1 5 -y e a r p e r io d c o v e r e d b y th is c h a r t, th e s e th r e e in d u s t r ie s a c c o u n t e d f o r a p p r o x im a t e ly a th ir d o f to t a l m a n -d a y s o f id l e n e s s and w o r k e r s in v o lv e d . T h e n a tio n a l e m e r g e n c y p r o v is i o n s o f the L a b o r -M a n a g e m e n t R e la tio n s ( T a ft -H a r t le y ) A c t o f 1947 w e r e in v o k e d b y the P r e s id e n t t w ic e d u rin g 1959, f i r s t in the C a s t and G u lf C o a s t lo n g s h o r e s t r ik e and s e c o n d in the s t e e l s t o p p a g e .6 A n 8 0 -d a y in ju n c tio n s e n t th e lo n g s h o r e m e n b a c k t o w o r k on th e 8th d a y o f the s t r ik e ; s t e e l w o r k e r s w e r e o r d e r e d to r e tu r n to w o r k on th e 116th d a y o f t h e ir s t r ik e . In b o th in s t a n c e s , th e d is p u te s w e r e s e tt le d b e f o r e th e e x p ir a t io n o f th e 8 0 -d a y in ju n c tio n s . (C h r o n o l o g ie s o f im p o r ta n t d e v e lo p m e n t s in the s t e e l and lo n g s h o r e s to p p a g e s a r e p r e se n te d in a p p e n d ic e s B and C, r e s p e c t i v e l y . ) S iz e o f S to p p a g e s 5 In d iv id u a l la r g e s t r ik e s h a v e s o g r e a t O f th e 3, 708 s to p p a g e s in 1959, 245 ( i n an im p a c t on w o r k s to p p a g e s t a t is t i c s that it c lu d in g the s t e e l s t r ik e ), o r 6. 6 p e r c e n t , in is o fte n d if f ic u lt to s e e tr e n d s in a f r a m e v o lv e d 1, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s (t a b le 10). In w o r k a p p lic a b le to la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t r e l a a b s o lu te and r e la t iv e t e r m s , th is r e f l e c t e d a tio n s in g e n e r a l. It is , h o w e v e r , u n r e a l s ig n ific a n t d e c lin e in th e n u m b e r o f la r g e i s t i c to a tte m p t to r e c r e a t e a p ic t u r e o f 1959 s to p p a g e s c o m p a r e d w ith 1958 (3 3 2 s to p p a g e s , s t r ik e a c t iv it y , to c o m p a r e w ith p r i o r y e a r s , o r 9. 1 p e r c e n t ). T h e 245 s to p p a g e s i n v o lv a s s u m in g th e r e had b e e n n o b ig s t e e l s t r ik e . in g 1, 000 w o r k e r s o r m o r e r e c o r d e d f o r 1959 In th e f i r s t p la c e , the s t e e l s t r ik e b e g a n in r e p r e s e n t e d the s m a l le s t n u m b e r in th is c a t e m i d - y e a r , and the 116 -d a y s t r ik e and the n e g o r y s in c e 1948 and o n ly s lig h tly m o r e than g o tia tio n s d u rin g the s u b s e q u e n t p e r io d o f the h a lf o f the p o s t w a r h ig h r e a c h e d in 1952, a 8 0 -d a y T a ft - H a r t le y in ju n c tio n d o m in a te d the y e a r n o te d f o r a 5 9 -d a y s t e e l s t r ik e . la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t s c e n e f o r the r e s t o f the year. T h e in flu e n c e o f th is e x te n d e d k e y T w e n ty s to p p a g e s in v o lv e d 10,000 o r m o r e d is p u te u p on o th e r b a r g a in in g s itu a tio n s and u p on o th e r s to p p a g e s ca n n o t b e t r a c e d ; m o r e w o r k e r s in 1959, a s a g a in s t 21 in 1958, and o v e r , it is r e a s o n a b le to e x p e c t th at a p e a c e 13 in 1957 (t a b le s 2 and 12). L e a d in g the fu l s e t t le m e n t in s t e e l, on t e r m s s a t i s f a c t o r y 20 in n u m b e r s o f w o r k e r s in v o lv e d w a s the to b o th p a r t i e s , w o u ld h a v e h ad a s ig n ific a n t s t e e l s t r ik e (5 1 9 , 0 0 0 ), fo llo w e d b y th e E a st e f f e c t th ro u g h o u t the e c o n o m y . S e c o n d ly , the and G u lf C o a s t lo n g s h o r e s to p p a g e (5 2 , 0 0 0). a s s u m p t io n " i f th e r e h ad b e e n n o s t e e l s t r ik e T h e r e m a in in g 18 f e l l w ith in the r a n g e o f in 1 9 5 9 " is o b v io u s ly o n ly o n e o f an a lm o s t 10, 000 to 25, 000 w o r k e r s . A lt o g e t h e r , th e s e in fin ite s e r i e s o f " i f s " b y w h ic h the h is t o r y 20 s to p p a g e s a c c o u n t e d f o r 45 p e r c e n t o f the o f s t r ik e s in the U n ited S ta tes ca n b e r e to t a l n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s in v o lv e d in 1959 w r itte n . F o r e x a m p le , h o w w o u ld 1959, if s to p p a g e s and, w ith the s t e e l s t r ik e c o n th e r e h ad b e e n n o s t e e l s t r ik e , c o m p a r e w ith tr ib u tin g the b u lk , a lm o s t t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f 1958, i f t h e r e h ad b e e n n o a u to s t r i k e s ? s t r ik e id le n e s s . C h a rt 2 ta k e s a c c o u n t , in p a r t a t le a s t , o f the s e c o n d p o in t; th e r e is n o w a y o f m e a s u r in g , e v e n r o u g h ly the in flu e n c e o f m a j o r S to p p a g e s in v o lv in g 6 b u t f e w e r than s to p p a g e s on the e n t ir e c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in 20 w o r k e r s co n tin u e d to a c c o u n t f o r a s u b s ta n t ia l p r o p o r t io n o f a ll s to p p a g e s (1 7 . 8 p e r c e n t ) in g s c e n e . F o r th is c h a r t, the y e a r ly to ta ls o f w o r k b u t l e s s than o n e - h a lf o f 1 p e r c e n t o f to ta l e r s and m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s f o r a ll s t o p w o r k e r s in v o lv e d and m a n -d a y s o f id l e n e s s . 7 p a g e s (n o t o n ly the m a jo r o n e s ) f o r 3 s p e c i f i A n o th e r 39 p e r c e n t o f a ll s to p p a g e s in v o lv e d c a ll y d e fin e d in d u s t r ie s , a s r e c o r d e d e a c h 20 b u t fe w e r than 100 w o r k e r s (ta b le 10). y e a r b y th e B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s , w e r e T h e p r e v a le n c e o f s m a ll s to p p a g e s h a s n ot c o m b in e d . B a s ic s t e e l is r e p r e s e n t e d b y ch a n g e d m a t e r ia ll y in r e c e n t y e a r s . b la s t f u r n a c e s , s t e e l w o r k s , and r o ll in g and fin is h in g m i l l s ; a u t o m o b ile s b y m o t o r v e h i c l e s and m o t o r - v e h i c l e e q u ip m e n t; b itu m in o u s c o a l is s e l f - d e f i n e d . W o r k e r s and m a n -d a y s o f 6 T h e s t e e l c a s e r e p r e s e n t e d th e 17th tim e id l e n e s s in o th e r in d u s t r ie s a ff e c t e d b y th e that the e m e r g e n c y p r o v is i o n s p r o v id e d f o r s a m e s to p p a g e s a r e n o t a c c o u n t e d f o r , b u t u n d e r the T a ft - H a r t le y A c t had b e e n in v o k e d . s in c e the s c o p e o f c o l l e c t i v e b a r g a in in g in 7 It is r e a s o n a b le to a s s u m e , f r o m th e s e th e 3 in d u s t r ie s h a s n o t b e e n s ig n ific a n t ly fi g u r e s , th at the o m i s s io n o f s to p p a g e s a f a lt e r e d d u rin g the p e r io d s tu d ie d , th is o m i s fe c t in g fe w e r than 6 w o r k e r s had n o m e a s s io n p r o b a b ly had n o a p p r e c ia b le e f f e c t on u r a b le e f f e c t on w o r k e r s in v o lv e d and i d l e th e tr e n d s r e f l e c t e d . n e s s t o t a ls . 3 A p p r o x im a t e ly o n e ou t o f fo u r s to p p a g e s in v o lv e d tw o o r m o r e e s t a b lis h m e n t s , a p r o p o r t io n that h a s n o t ch a n g e d s ig n ific a n t ly in m o r e than a d e c a d e (ta b le 11). E le v e n o r m o r e e s t a b lis h m e n t s w e r e in v o lv e d in 277 s t o p p a g e s , a c c o u n t in g f o r 54 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in v o lv e d in a ll s to p p a g e s . C o r r e s p o n d in g f i g u r e s f o r 1958 w e r e 308 s to p p a g e s a ffe c t in g 49 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s . R o u g h ly 1 ou t o f 10 m u lt ie s t a b lis h m e n t s to p p a g e s (2 o r m o r e e s t a b lis h m e n t s ) c r o s s e d State lin e s . D u ra tio n T he d u r a tio n o f w o r k s to p p a g e s in c r e a s e d s ig n ific a n t ly d u r in g 1959. W h eth er o r n ot the lo n g s t e e l s tr ik e in flu e n c e d the d u r a tio n o f o th e r s t o p p a g e s , it w a s , at a n y r a te , s y m p t o m a t ic o f a g e n e r a l le n g th e n in g o f s t r i k e s . S in ce a s u b s ta n tia l in c r e a s e in s t r ik e d u r a tio n s m a y r e f l e c t s ig n ific a n t c h a n g e s in the c lim a t e o r s t r u c t u r e o f la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t r e la t io n s , it s e e m s a p p r o p r ia t e to e x a m in e the e v id e n c e in m o r e than the u s u a l d e ta il. T h e a v e r a g e d u r a tio n o f s to p p a g e s (in c a le n d a r d a y s ), in the c o m p u ta tio n o f w h ic h the s t e e l s t r ik e r e c e i v e d n o m o r e w e ig h t than an y o th e r s to p p a g e , a m o u n te d to 24. 6 d a y s in 1959 (ta b le 1). T h is w a s a p p r o x im a t e ly 5 d a y s lo n g e r than the 1958 and 1957 a v e r a g e s , and the h ig h e s t y e a r ly a v e r a g e s in c e 1947. E lim in a tin g the d a y s w h en w o r k w o u ld n o r m a lly n ot h a v e b e e n s c h e d u le d , and r e fle c t in g the m a g n itu d e o f th e m a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s a ttrib u te d to the s t e e l s tr ik e , w o r k e r s in v o lv e d in 1959 s to p p a g e s w e r e id le d f o r an a v e r a g e o f 36. 7 d a y s , the h ig h e s t a v e r a g e in m o r e than 30 y e a r s . E v e n i f the 1959 s t e e l s t r ik e w e r e o m itte d , the a v e r a g e n u m b e r o f d a y s o f id le n e s s p e r w o r k e r in v o lv e d (a p p r o x im a t e ly 20) w o u ld e x c e e d the l e v e l s o f a ll p o s tw a r y e a r s e x c e p t 1946. A s sh ow n in ta b le 13, 466 s to p p a g e s la s t e d f o r 1 m o n th but l e s s than 2 m o n th s ; 211, f o r 2 m o n th s bu t l e s s than 3 m o n th s ; and 221, f o r 3 m o n th s o r m o r e . T hese 898 s to p p a g e s a m o u n te d to 24 p e r c e n t o f the to t a l n u m b e r o f s to p p a g e s . In a b s o lu te n u m b e r s , th e r e w e r e m o r e lo n g s to p p a g e s in 1946, 1947, 1952, and 1953, and a lm o s t a s m a n y in 1950, bu t a s a p r o p o r t io n o f a ll s to p p a g e s , the 1959 fig u r e e x c e e d e d a ll y e a r s a ft e r 1947, a s sh ow n in the fo llo w in g c o lu m n . T h e 221 s to p p a g e s in 1959 that la s t e d 3 m o n th s o r lo n g e r n ot o n ly r e p r e s e n t e d a h ig h p o in t in the y e a r s a ft e r 1946, b u t the to ta l w a s p a r t i c u l a r ly s ig n ific a n t in c o m p a r is o n , w ith r e c e n t y e a r s . F o r e x a m p le , th e r e w e r e 133 s to p p a g e s o f that d u r a tio n in 1958, 124 in 1957, 132 in 1956, and 137 in 1955. N um ber o f stop p a g es la s t in g 1 month or m ore 1 9 4 6 --------------------------------1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 _____________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------_____________________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------_____________________ _____________________ --------------------------------1959 --------------------------------- P ercen t o f a ll stop p a g es 1 ,2 0 9 96 4 111 773 879 735 976 1 ,0 4 5 759 768 698 2 4 .2 2 5 .6 2 2 .9 2 1 .5 1 8 .3 1 5 .4 1 9 .2 2 0 .5 2 1 .6 1 7 .8 1 8 .3 1 9 .7 723 735 2 0 .2 898 2 4 .0 L o n g d u r a tio n s w e r e m o r e p r e v a le n t a m o n g l a r g e than a m o n g s m a l l s tr ik e s . E ig h ty -o n e , o r a th ir d o f the s to p p a g e s in v o lv in g 1, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s , la s t e d f o r a m o n th o r m o r e . In c o n t r a s t , in e a c h o f the s m a l le r s iz e in t e r v a ls sh ow n in ta b le 10, the p r o p o r t io n o f s t o p p a g e s la s t in g f o r a m o n th o r m o r e w a s a p p r o x im a t e ly at o r s lig h tly b e lo w the p r o p o r t io n f o r a ll s t o p p a g e s (2 4 p e r c e n t ). O f p a r t ic u la r n o te is the fa c t that m o r e than h a lf o f the 20 m a jo r s t o p p a g e s ( d e s c r i b e d in ta b le 12) la s t e d f o r a m o n th o r m o r e and 4 la s t e d f o r 3 o r m o r e m o n th s. In the la t t e r c a t e g o r y w e r e the s t e e l s t r ik e , the t h r e e -S t a t e b itu m in o u s c o a l s t o p p a g e , the N ew Y o r k b a k e r y s t r ik e , and the K e n n e c o tt C o p p e r s t r ik e (th e o n ly on e o f the n o n fe r r o u s m e t a l m in in g s to p p a g e s to in v o lv e 10, 000 o r m o r e w o r k e r s ) . A h ig h e r p r o p o r t io n o f the s to p p a g e s in m a n u fa c tu r in g (31 p e r c e n t ) than in n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g in d u s t r ie s (1 8 p e r c e n t ) la s t e d f o r a m o n th o r lo n g e r . O f th e 21 in d u s tr y g r o u p s in w h ic h 50 o r m o r e s to p p a g e s w e r e r e c o r d e d in 1959 (t a b le 5), th e fo llo w in g 8 had at le a s t 30 p e r c e n t o f its s to p p a g e s la s t f o r a m o n th o r m o r e : P r in tin g and p u b lis h in g , m a c h in e r y (e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) , c h e m ic a l s , lu m b e r , e l e c t r i c a l m a c h in e r y , fa b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s , w h o le s a le and r e t a i l tr a d e , and t r a n s p o r t a tio n e q u ip m e n t. A p p r o x im a t e ly 38 p e r c e n t o f the y e a r * s s to p p a g e s that la s t e d f o r a fu ll d a y o r s h ift o r m o r e w e r e s e tt le d w ith in a w e e k . 8 T h e s e s to p p a g e s a ff e c t e d s lig h t ly m o r e than a fifth o f the w o r k e r s in v o lv e d in a ll s to p p a g e s , and 8 S to p p a g e s la s t in g f o r l e s s d a y o r s h ift a r e n o t a c c o u n t e d f o r s t a t is t i c s . than a fu ll in th e s e 4 accounted fo r only 1. 4 percen t of the total m an-days of idleness. Both the number of w ork ers involved and m an-days of idleness w ere below 1958 levels (table 13). M ajor Issues D isagreem ent over econ om ic term s— wages, hours, and supplem entary benefits— was the prin cip al issue in half of 1959 stop pages, reflectin g no change in relative im portance over 1958 (table 4) and little change over the preceding 4 y ea rs. About three out of five stoppages affecting 1, 000 or m ore w ork ers and m ost of the m a jor stoppages identified in table 12, including steel, w ere in this category, although other issu es (as in the steel stoppage)9 a lso w ere prom inent in many stoppages. Union recognition or other matters~~involving the secu rity of the union was a m ajor issue in 664 stoppages; in over half of these, econ om ic issu es w ere also important. A l though the union organization stoppage was m ore frequent in 1959 than in 1958, the level continued low by postwar experience. The number of stoppages in which a d is pute over work rules and other working con ditions was the only or m ajor issue declined fro m 876 in 1958 to 761 in 1959. Of these, 78 involved 1, 000 or m ore w ork ers (about 1 out of 3 stoppages of this magnitude). In term s of number of stoppages and w ork ers involved, the 1959 r e co rd in this issue ca te gory was relatively low by postw ar standards. However, the prom inence of this type of issue in other stoppages m u s t also be t a k e n into account. Stoppages caused by inter union or intraunion issu es, mainly ju risd iction al disputes, continued to in crea se in number, w hereas the number of w ork ers involved declined. The 350 stoppages record ed in this category in 1959 was the highest number reached in the postwar period. On the other hand, few er w ork ers w ere involved (32, 000) than in any other year, with the exception of 1947. Stoppages involving union organization issu es tended to last longer than other types, follow ed by econom ic issu es, as shown in the follow ing column. A pproxim ately 60 percen t of the stop pages involving other working conditions, and 53 percen t of the stoppages over interunion A.U stopp ages Stoppages lastin g ending in 1959 1 month or longer Issue A ll s t o p p a g e s -------------------------Wages, hours, and su pp le mentary ben efits ------------ -----Union organization, w ages, hours, and supplementary b e n e f i t s ---------------- — ------------Union o r g a n iz a t io n -----------------Other working c o n d it io n s ---------Interunion or intraunion matters ----------------------------- — Not rep orted ------ ------ ----------------- Number Number P ercent 3,747 898 24 1,888 515 27 368 319 758 141 91 111 38 29 15 353 61 31 9 9 15 m atters, w ere settled within a week. 10 The ratio for all stoppages was approxim ately 38 percent (table 13). Industries A ffected Continuing a differential prevailing since 1949 (except for 1954), all m easu res of strike activity w ere higher for manufacturing than for nonmanufacturing industries (table 5). The number of stoppages in manufacturing was up slightly over the 1958 level, but the number of w ork ers involved was down by m ore than 200, 000 despite the steel strike. However, m an-days of idleness, at 55. 5 m illion, was second only to the 1946 peak. In nonmanu facturing, the number of stoppages was at a postwar low; the number of w ork ers involved in crea sed slightly over 1958, but was still at a relatively low postwar level; but m an-days of idleness, reflectin g a sharp in crea se in lost time in mining, reached its highest level since 1952. In addition to the b asic steel industry, the steel strike d irectly involved substantial num bers of w ork ers and m an-days of id le ness in mining (iron and bituminous coal) and fabricated m etal products (particularly structural steel), and le s s e r num bers in transportation (water), n on electrica l m achin ery, furniture (m etal), and trade (see ap pendix table B - l ) . Despite the long steel shutdown, the number of stoppages in p r i m ary m etal industries in crea sed by app roxi m ately 40 percen t over the 1958 level. Strike 9 See appendix B. 10 Note should be taken, particularly with regard to these ca teg ories, that stoppages lasting for le ss than a day or full shift are omitted from these data. 5 activity in the transportation equipment in dustry was substantially below 1958 (m arked by large autom obile stoppages); the number of w ork ers involved in 1959 strikes reached a postw ar low, while the level of strike id le ness was low er than all postw ar yea rs except 1954 and 1957. With m a jor stoppages in three of the four large tire com panies, the rubber products industry reco rd e d a new postwar high fo r m an-days of idlen ess. With a long stoppage at Swift and Co. , m an-days of id le ness a lso in crea sed substantially in food in dustries, reaching the highest level since 1948. The number of w ork ers and m an-days of idleness in textile stoppages w ere substan tially higher than 1958 lev els. On the other hand, the apparel industry, which e x p eri enced a long d re ss strike in 1958, record ed a m arked decline in number of w ork ers and m an-days of idleness. Among nonmanufacturing industries, m andays of idleness in mining, reflectin g the long stoppages in iron, coal, and copper mining, reached its highest m ark since 1950. A ll m easu res of strike activity in construction w ere low er than in 1958, but w holesale and retail trade, with large New York and Los Angeles strikes, saw an in crea se in w ork ers involved and m an-days idle over 1958 levels. these States except New Jersey, m ore than 100,000 w ork ers w e r e involved in stop pages. In addition, Indiana had m ore than 100, 000 w ork ers affected. The highest m anday lo sse s w ere reg istered in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana, but in term s of m an-days as a percentage of all working tim e in nonagricultural employment, Montana (2.47 p e r cent), Utah (2. 37), and Arizona (2. 33) led all others. M etropolitan A re a s. — M ore than 100 stop pages w ere record ed fo r five m etropolitan areas— Chicago, Los Angeles—Long Beach, New York—Northeastern New Jersey (high with 460 stoppages), Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh (table 8). In three of these areas— Chicago, New York, and Pittsburgh— the number of w ork ers involved exceeded 100, 000. In ad dition to these m ajor areas, m an-days of idleness w ere at high levels in areas affected by the steel stoppage. M ore than 5,000 w ork ers w ere involved in the steel stoppage in each of 19 m etropolitan areas (appendix table B -3). Most strongly a f fected w ere Pittsburgh (92,900 w ork ers), Chi cago (82, 000), and Youngstown, Ohio (43, 000). Stoppages by Location R e g io n s.— M an-days of idleness ro se in 1959 in all regions, particu larly in those a f fected by the steel strike (table 6 and ap pendix table B -2 ). The Mountain States had the la rgest relative in crea se (not prim arily due to the steel strike) w here idleness as a percentage of estim ated working tim e rose fro m 0. 19 percen t in 1958 to 1. 32 percent in 1959. Other significant regional changes include a substantial decline in w ork ers in volved in the East North Central region (1958 auto strikes involved m ore w ork ers than the 1959 steel strike) and a m ore than 50 percen t in crea se in w ork ers involved in the East South Central region. S tates.— The steel strike involved w ork ers in 32 States (appendix table B -2 ). M ore than 10, 000 w ork ers and m o re than a m illion m an-days of idleness w ere attributed to the follow ing 10 States: Alabama, C alifornia, Illi nois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. The latter two w ere m ost largely affected—161,000 w ork ers in Pennsylvania and 87, 800 in Ohio. Leading the States in number of stop pages w ere New York (470), Pennsylvania (454), Ohio (391), California (260), New Jersey (249), and Illinois (231) (table 7). In all of Monthly Trends For each of the fir s t 7 months of 1959, the number of stoppages was substantially higher than in the corresponding month of 1958; for the remaining 5 months, the number was low er (table 3). On the other hand, the monthly pattern of strike activity for 1959, m easured in term s of new stoppages, clo se ly resem bled that for 1957. Hence, there is no evidence in these data that the steel stop page had an appreciable im pact on the volum e of strike activity. There is evidence, however, that stop pages tended to be longer in the second half of 1959 than in the fir s t half (the steel strike began in m id-July). F or stoppages involving few er than 1, 000 w ork ers, the number of days of idleness per w orker was about 50 percent higher in the second half than in the fir s t half of the year. Among larger stoppages (e x cluding steel), a sim ilar, but sm aller, d if feren ce was also noted. The seasonal influences im plicit in the monthly changes in the number of stoppages w ere also reflected in the frequency of larger 6 stoppages. The follow ing tabulation shows the number of new stoppages affecting m ore than 1, 000 w ork ers, by month, fo r 1959: January. . . . . . . . . . . . . ------- ------------------ . . . __— 14 March _______________________________________ April _______________________________________ May ------------------------------------- . . . -------------------June ------------------------------------------------------------July ------------------------------------------------------------- 21 21 35 34 34 Septem ber___________ 16 November ____ . . . . . -------—------------- ---------- -— Decem ber------ ———----------------——— ----------- 11 6 As previou sly noted, the total number of stop pages affecting 1, 000 or m ore w ork ers was exceptionally low in 1959. Unions Involved As in 1958, approxim ately th ree-fou rth s of the stoppages involved a ffiliates of the A F L -C IO (table 9). Despite the steel strike, there was a decline in the number of A F L -C IO m em b ers on strike; on the other hand, w ork ers involved in stoppages of unaffiliated unions (e. g. , the United Mine W orkers, the T eam sters, and the Mine, M ill and Sm elter W ork ers) was higher in 1959 than in 1958. A l though m an-days of idleness in unaffiliated union stoppages alm ost doubled, idleness in A F L -C IO stoppages, accounting fo r 90 p e r cent of the total, was about three tim es higher than in 1958, the d ifferen ce being attributable to the steel stoppage. Methods of Terminating Stoppages The steel and longshore stoppages, ended by T aft-H artley injunctions, w ere but 2 of 514 stoppages term inated in 1959 without a form a l settlem ent (table 14). In 1, 392, or alm ost half of the stoppages resulting in a settlement, the assistan ce of F ederal or State m ediators was reported by the parties. Aid of non-Governm ent m ediator s or agencies was indicated in 173 stoppages, reflectin g a sm all but continued growth in private mediation. D isposition of Issues 11 The settlem ents that ended 318 stoppages, but which did not resolv e all im portant issu es, included agreem ent between the parties on a method of disposing of these issu es after the resum ption of work. D irect negotiation was the prin cip al method. A rbitration was agreed upon in 70 situations, reflectin g no app re ciable change in the prevalence of this use of arbitration as com pared with 1958 but s o m e what le ss than in e a rlier y ea rs. 11 Since the steel and longshore stoppages w ere ended without settlem ents, they w ere in cluded, for purposes of table 15, in the ca te gory of stoppages with "issu e s settled or disposed of at term ination of stoppage. " Although the wording of this phrase does not quite fit stoppages ended by injunction, the inclusion of steel and longshore stoppages in this category con form s to previous Bureau p ra ctice. The purpose of this table is to spotlight m ethods by which em ployers and unions m ay term inate stoppages by a g r e e ment, without n e ce ssa rily settling a ll issu es in dispute. Chart I. TRENDS IN WORK STOPPAGES THOUSANDS IDLENESS MILLIONS 125 100 75 50 25 0 MILLIONS PERCENT 8 Chart 2. W O RK ER S IN V O L V E D A N D IDLENESS IN W O R K STOPPAGES, EXCLUSIVE OF BA SIC STEEL, M O T O R VEHICLES, A N D BITU M IN O U S CO AL, 1945 59 M ILLIO N S M ILLIO N S UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS M IL L IO N S M ILLIO N S 9 TABLE 1. WORK STOPPAGES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1927-591 W o rk sto p p a g e s W o r k e r s in v o lv e d 2 M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g y e a r P ercen t o f e s t im a te d w o r k in g tim e o f a ll w orkers N u m b er A vera ge d u ra tion (c a le n d a r d a y s )3 707 604 921 637 2 6 .5 2 7 .6 2 2 .6 2 2 .3 330 314 289 183 1 .4 1 .3 1 .2 .8 2 6 ,2 0 0 1 2 ,6 0 0 5 ,3 5 0 3 ,3 2 0 0 .3 7 . 17 .0 7 .0 5 7 9 .5 4 0 .2 1 8 .5 1 8 .1 1931 1932 .................. 1933 .................... 1934 ___________________________________ 1935 ----------------------------------------------------- 810 841 1 ,6 9 5 1 ,8 5 6 2 ,0 1 4 1 8 .8 1 9 .6 1 6 .9 1 9 .5 2 3 .8 342 324 1 ,1 7 0 1 ,4 7 0 1 ,1 2 0 1 .6 1 .8 6 .3 7 .2 5 .2 6 ,8 9 0 1 0 ,5 0 0 1 6 ,9 0 0 1 9 ,6 0 0 1 5 ,5 0 0 . 11 .2 3 .3 6 .3 8 .2 9 2 0 .2 3 2 .4 1 4 .4 1 3 .4 1 3 .8 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 _ . _ ____ _ ___________________________________ ................................. 2 ,1 7 2 4 ,7 4 0 2 ,7 7 2 2 ,6 1 3 2 ,5 0 8 2 3 .3 2 0 .3 2 3 .6 2 3 .4 2 0 .9 789 1 ,8 6 0 688 1 ,1 7 0 577 3. 1 7 .2 2 .8 4 .7 2. 3 1 3 ,9 0 0 2 8 ,4 0 0 9 , 150 1 7 ,8 0 0 6 ,7 0 0 .2 1 .4 3 .1 5 .2 8 . 10 1 7 .6 1 5 .3 1 3 .3 1 5 .2 1 1 .6 1941 1942 ___________________________________ 1943 ____ ___ 1944 . . . ____ 1945 ----------------------------------------------------- 4 ,2 8 8 2 ,9 6 8 3 ,7 5 2 4 ,9 5 6 4 ,7 5 0 1 8 .3 1 1 .7 5 ,0 5 .6 9 .9 2 ,3 6 0 840 1 ,9 8 0 2 ,1 2 0 3 ,4 7 0 8 .4 2 .8 6 .9 7 .0 1 2 .2 2 3 ,0 0 0 4 ,1 8 0 1 3 ,5 0 0 8 ,7 2 0 3 8 ,0 0 0 .3 2 .0 5 .1 5 .0 9 .4 7 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 4 ,9 8 5 3 ,6 9 3 3 ,4 1 9 3 ,6 0 6 4 ,8 4 3 2 4 .2 2 5 .6 2 1 .8 2 2 .5 1 9 .2 4 ,6 0 0 2 , 170 1 ,9 6 0 3 ,0 3 0 2 ,4 1 0 1 4 .5 6 .5 5 .5 9 .0 6 .9 1 1 6 ,0 0 0 3 4 ,6 0 0 3 4 ,1 0 0 5 0 ,5 0 0 3 8 ,8 0 0 1 .4 3 .4 1 .3 7 .5 9 .4 4 2 5 .2 1 5 .9 1 7 .4 1 6 .7 16. 1 4 ,7 3 7 5 , 117 5 ,0 9 1 3 ,4 6 8 4 ,3 2 0 1 7 .4 1 9 .6 2 0 .3 2 2 .5 1 8 .5 2 ,2 2 0 3 ,5 4 0 2 ,4 0 0 1 ,5 3 0 2 ,6 5 0 5 .5 8 .8 5 .6 3 .7 6 .2 2 2 ,9 0 0 5 9 ,1 0 0 2 8 ,3 0 0 2 2 ,6 0 0 2 8 ,2 0 0 .2 3 .5 7 .2 6 .2 1 .2 6 1 0 .3 1 6 .7 1 1 .8 1 4 .7 1 0 .7 3 ,8 2 5 3 ,6 7 3 3 ,6 9 4 3, 708 1 8 .9 1 9 .2 1 9 .7 2 4 .6 1 ,9 0 0 1 ,3 9 0 2 ,0 6 0 1, 880 4 .3 3 .1 4 .8 4 .3 3 3 ,1 0 0 1 6 ,5 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0 6 9 ,0 0 0 .2 9 . 14 .2 2 . 61 1 7 .4 1 1 .4 1 1 .6 36. 7 Y ear 1927 ................................. 1928 _ 1929 1930 _ - _ .................................................... ............................................................... .................................................... ............................................. ______________________ _________ 1951 _ _____ __ _ __ .................................. 1952 . 1953 _ _ _ _ _ _ 1954 .............................. ......... 1955 ............................................................ 1956 ______________________ 1957 " ~~~ ____ 1958 ............................................................... 1959 _________________________________ N u m b er (th o u sa n d s) P ercen t o f tota l e m p lo y e d N u m ber (th ou sa n d s) P er w ork er in v o lv e d ' 9 .8 5* 0 6 .8 4 .1 1 1 .0 1 T he n u m b e r o f s to p p a g e s and w o r k e r s r e la te to th ose beg in n in g in the y e a r ; a v e r a g e d u r a tio n , to th ose en d in g in the y e a r . M a n -d a y s o f id le n e s s in clu d e a ll sto p p a g e s in e ff e c t . A v a ila b le in fo r m a t io n fo r e a r l i e r p e r io d s a p p e a r s in the H andbook o f L a b o r S ta tis t ic s (B LS B u ll. 1016), table E - 2 . F o r a d is c u s s io n o f the p r o c e d u r e s in v o lv e d in the c o lle c t io n and c o m p ila t io n o f w o r k stop p a g e s t a t is t ic s , se e T e ch n iq u e s o f P r e p a r in g M a jo r BLS S ta tis t ic a l S e r ie s (BLS B u ll. 1168), c h . 12. 2 W o r k e r s a re c o u n te d m o r e than o n c e if they w e r e in v o lv e d in m o r e than 1 stop p a g e d u rin g the y e a r . 3 F ig u r e s a re sim p le a v e r a g e s ; e a ch sto p p a g e is g iv en equ al w eig h t r e g a r d le s s o f its s i z e . 10 TABLE 2. WORK STOPPAGES INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS, SELECTED PERIODS S to p p a g e s in v o lv in g 1 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e w o r k e r s W o r k e r s in v o lv e d M a n -d a y s id le P e r io d N u m ber 1 9 3 5 -3 9 a v e r a g e ____________________ 1 9 4 7 -4 9 a v e r a g e ____________________ 1945 ....................... ................................. . 1946 .................................... ......................... 1947 ________________________ _______ 1948 ____________________________ 1949 ________ _________________________ ________________________________ 1950 1951 ________________________ _______ 1952 ____________ 1953 __________________________________ 1954 ............................ ................................. 1955 ______________ 1956 ______ __________ _______________ 1957 ______ . . ____________ _______ 1958 ............................................................. 1959 ___________ _______________________ l N um be r (th o u sa n d s) P ercen t of total f o r p e r io d 365 1 ,2 7 0 1, 350 2, 920 1 ,0 3 0 870 1, 920 738 457 1, 690 650 43 7 1 ,2 1 0 758 283 823 845 3 2 .4 5 3 .4 38. 9 63. 6 4 7 .5 44. 5 6 3 .2 30. 7 20. 6 4 7 .8 27. 1 28. 5 45. 6 3 9 .9 2 0 .4 4 0 .0 4 5 .0 11 18 42 31 15 20 18 22 19 35 28 18 26 12 13 21 20 N um be r (th o u sa n d s)1 P ercen t of tota l f o r p e r io d 5 ,2 9 0 2 3 ,8 0 0 1 9 ,3 0 0 6 6 ,4 0 0 1 7 ,7 0 0 1 8 ,9 0 0 3 4 ,9 0 0 2 1 ,7 0 0 5, 680 3 6 ,9 0 0 7 ,2 7 0 7 ,5 2 0 1 2 ,3 0 0 1 9 ,6 0 0 3 ,0 5 0 1 0 ,6 0 0 5 0 ,8 0 0 3 1 .2 5 9 .9 5 0 .7 5 7 .2 5 1 .2 5 5 .3 6 9 .0 5 6 .0 2 4 .8 6 2 .6 2 5 .7 3 3 .3 4 3 .4 5 9 .1 1 8 .5 4 4 .2 73. 7 In clu d e s id le n e s s in s to p p a g e s b eg in n in g in e a r l i e r y e a r s . TABLE 3. WORK STOPPAGES BY MONTH, 1958-59 N u m b er o f sto p p a g e s W o r k e r s in v o lv e d in sto p p a g e s In e ff e c t d u rin g m onth M onth B eg in n in g in m onth In e ff e c t d u rin g m onth B eg in n in g in m on th (th ou sa n d s) 208 159 195 293 360 374 399 403 471 391 305 136 3 07 262 309 411 519 552 596 638 7 12 637 497 357 217 206 3 05 406 442 460 42 0 380 322 277 161 112 378 347 462 593 688 722 681 636 624 548 402 285 M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g m onth N um be r (th ou sa n d s) P ercen t o f to ta l e m p lo y e d N u m b er (th ou sa n d s) P ercen t of e s t im a te d total w o rk in g tim e 83 36 159 82 156 156 159 162 324 463 224 58 98 52 182 122 200 247 238 288 414 531 296 169 0. 23 . 12 . 43 .2 9 . 48 . 58 . 56 . 67 . 96 1 .2 3 . 68 . 39 595 404 1 ,2 4 0 1, 100 1, 940 1 ,8 5 0 2, 160 2, 160 2 ,4 0 0 5 ,4 2 0 2 ,2 1 0 2 ,4 3 0 0. 06 . 05 . 14 . 12 . 22 .2 1 .2 3 . 24 . 26 . 55 .2 7 . 25 76 74 103 149 167 183 668 161 109 125 41 23 168 130 159 233 294 330 787 757 781 775 652 101 . 39 . 31 . 37 . 54 . 67 . 74 1. 78 1 .7 1 1 .7 6 1. 75 1 .4 7 .2 2 1, 800 1, 360 1, 270 2, 380 3, 010 2, 890 9 ,2 3 0 1 3 ,4 0 0 1 3 ,8 0 0 14, 100 4 ,3 0 0 1 ,4 3 0 . 20 . 16 . 13 .2 5 . 33 .2 9 . 95 1 .4 4 1 .4 8 1. 45 .4 8 . 14 1958 Ja n u a ry _____________________________ F e b r u a r y ____________________________ M a r ch _______________________________ A p r il _________________________________ M a y ----------------------------------------------------J u n e ________ _______________________ July ________ ____ ______ _______________ A u g u s t _______________________________ S e p te m b e r ___________________________ O c t o b e r ______________________________ N o v e m b e r ___________________________ D ecem ber 1959 Ja n u a ry _____________________ ______ F e b r u a r y ____________________________ M a r ch _______________________________ A p r il _________________________________ M a y ___________________________________ June __________________________________ July __________________________________ A u g u s t _______________________________ S e p te m b e r __ O c to b e r _____________________________ N o v e m b e r ___________________________ D e c e m b e r ___________________________ 11 TABLE 4. MAJOR ISSUES INVOLVED IN WORK STOPPAGES, 1959 S top p ag es beg in n in g in 1959 W o r k e r s in v o lv e d M a jo r is s u e s Num be r P ercen t of to ta l P ercen t of to ta l N u m ber M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g 1959 (a ll s to p p a g e s ) N u m ber P ercen t of to ta l A ll is s u e s ____________________________________ 3, 708 100. 0 1, 880, 000 100. 0 69, 000, 000 100. 0 W a g e s, h o u r s , and su p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fit s _____________________________________ 1, 872 50. 5 1, 320, 000 70. 5 6 1 ,2 0 0 , 000 88. 6 1 ,2 0 9 14 51 2 3 2 .6 .4 1 .4 .1 924, 000 1, 650 3 3 ,6 0 0 2, 510 4 9 .2 .1 1. 8 . 1 49, 100, 000 8 6 ,1 0 0 6 9 5 ,0 0 0 4 4 ,3 0 0 71. 1 .1 1. 0 .1 280 7 .6 1 6 7 ,0 0 0 8. 9 7, 030, 000 1 0 .2 27 289 .7 7. 8 6 3 ,2 0 0 1 3 4 ,0 0 0 3 .4 7. 1 1, 880, 000 2, 390, 000 2. 7 3. 5 361 9 .7 9 5 ,5 0 0 5. 1 2 ,4 7 0 , 000 3. 6 261 7. 0 17, 900 1. 0 41 1, 000 .6 17 .5 2 ,2 8 0 . 1 3 9 ,0 0 0 . 1 W age i n c r e a s e 1__________________ ________ W age d e c r e a s e ___________________________ Wage i n c r e a s e , h ou r d e c r e a s e ________ W age d e c r e a s e , h ou r in c r e a s e ________ W age i n c r e a s e , p e n s io n , a n d /o r s o c i a l in s u r a n c e b e n e fits _ P e n s io n a n d /o r s o c ia l in s u r a n c e b e n e fit s _________________________________ O th er 2 ___________________________________ U nion o r g a n iz a t io n , w a g e s , h o u r s , and s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fit s _____________ R e c o g n itio n , w a g e s , a n d /o r h o u r s _____________________________________ S tren gth en in g b a rg a in in g p o s itio n , w a g e s , a n d /o r h o u r s ___________________ U nion s e c u r it y , w a g e s , a n d /o r h o u r s _____________________________________ 83 2 .2 7 5 ,3 0 0 4. 0 2, 020, 000 2. 9 U nion o r g a n i z a t i o n ___________________________ 3 03 8 .2 5 8 ,4 0 0 3. 1 1 ,7 0 0 , 000 2. 5 R e c o g n itio n _______________________________ S tren gth en in g b a rg a in in g p o s i t i o n ______ U nion s e c u r i t y _____________________________ D i s c r i m i n a t i o n ____________________________ O ther ______________________________________ 204 19 55 5 20 5 .5 .5 1 .5 .1 .5 1 4 ,1 0 0 2 5 ,1 0 0 11, 800 2, 560 4, 880 .8 1 .3 .6 .1 .3 2 5 1 , 000 1, 190, 000 2 2 6 ,0 0 0 5, 140 2 7 ,0 0 0 .4 1. 7 .3 (3) ( 3) O th er w o r k in g c o n d itio n s _________________ 761 2 0 .5 3 6 2 ,0 0 0 1 9 .3 3 ,4 0 0 , 000 4. 9 Job s e c u r it y ___________________________ Shop c o n d itio n s and p o l i c i e s ____________ W o rk lo a d ____ _____________________________ O th er ________________________ . . . _________ 388 324 38 11 10 .5 8. 7 1. 0 .3 21 2, 000 1 3 4 ,0 0 0 12, 800 2 ,7 9 0 11 .3 7. 1 .7 .1 2 ,2 1 0 , 000 9 0 8 ,0 0 0 2 2 4 ,0 0 0 5 1 ,4 0 0 3 .2 1. 3 ___ ______ 350 9 ,4 3 2 , 000 i. 7 2 2 2 ,0 0 0 .3 S y m p a t h y __ _________ . . . ___ ____ ___________ U nion r iv a lr y 4 ______ . . . . -------------- ------------- J u risd ictio n * . . . . . ___ _______________________ Union a d m in is tr a tio n * . . . ________________ 51 18 257 2 1.4 8 ,9 9 0 5 ,5 9 0 . 3 6 .* . 1 17,400 61 1.6 5 ,7 6 0 Interunion o r intraun ion m a tte r s Not r e p o r t e d _________________________________ 1. 0 90, .5 64 ,6 0 0 4 2 ,4 0 0 ( 3> 111, 000 210 .3 30, 500 ,9 .1 .1 .1 . 1 .2 (3 ) (3) 1 T h is g ro u p in c lu d e s the na tion w ide s te e l sto p p a g e . In a d d itio n to the u n ion s' d em a n d fo r w ag e a n d /o r fr in g e b e n e fit i n c r e a s e s , the is s u e s in the s t e e l strik e a ls o in c lu d e d co m p a n y p r o p o s a ls f o r ch a n g e s in w o r k in g r u le s . 2 I s s u e s su ch a s r e t r o a c t iv it y , h o lid a y s , v a c a t io n s , jo b c la s s if ic a t io n , p ie c e r a t e s , in c e n tiv e sta n d a rd s, o r o th e r r e la t e d m a tt e r s u n a c c o m p a n ie d b y p r o p o s a ls to e ff e c t g e n e r a l ch a n g es in w ag e r a t e s a r e in c lu d e d in th is c * te g b $ y . l i g h t l y l e s s than a th ird o f the sto p p a g e s in th is g rou p o c c u r r e d o v e r p ie c e r a t e s o r in c e n tiv e s ta n d a r d s. * Less than, 0. 05 percent. * In c lu d e s d is p u te s b e tw e e h u n ion s o f d iffe r e n t a ffilia t io n s u ch a s th o s e b etw een un ions a ffilia t e d w ith the ahd n o n a ffilia te s . 5 In c lu d e s d is p u te s b e tw e e n u n ion s o f the s a m e a ffilia t io n . 6 in c lu d e s d is p u te s w ith in a union o v e r the a d m in is t r a tio n o f un ion a f fa ir s o r r e g u la t io n s . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay n o t e q u a l to ta ls . 12 TABLE 5. WORK STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 1959 S top p a g es beginn ing in 1959 M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g 1959 (a ll s to p p a g e s ) N u m ber P ercen t of e s t im a te d to ta l w o rk in g tim e 1 In d u stry g r o u p N u m ber W ork ers in v o lv e d _______________________ ______ a 3 ,7 0 8 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 .6 1 ________________________ _ ___ a2 ,0 4 3 1 ,2 8 0 ,0 0 0 5 5 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 .3 4 P r i m a r y m e ta l in d u s tr ie s ______________________ F a b r ic a t e d m e ta l p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t o r d n a n c e , m a c h in e r y , and t r a n s p o r ta t io n eq u ip m e n t ______ __ — ______ O rd n a n ce and a c c e s s o r i e s _____ ________ E l e c t r i c a l m a c h in e r y , e q u ip m e n t, and su p p lie s _______ ______________________ M a c h in e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l __________________ T r a n s p o r ta tio n e q u ip m e n t _______________________ L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c t s , e x c e p t fu rn itu re _________________________ _____________ F u r n itu r e and fix t u r e s __________________________ S to n e , c l a y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts _______________ T e x t ile m i ll p r o d u c ts _____________________ ____ A p p a r e l and o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u c ts m ad e fr o m fa b r ic s and s im ila r m a t e r ia ls _________ L e a th e r and le a th e r p ro d u c ts ___________________ F o o d and k in d re d p ro d u c ts _____________ _______ T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu r e s ________________________ P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts ___________________ P r in tin g , p u b lish in g , and a llie d i n d u s t r i e s ___ C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p ro d u c ts _________________ P e tr o le u m r e fin in g and r e la t e d i n d u s t r i e s ____ R u b b e r and m is c e lla n e o u s p la s t ic s 236 5 7 5 ,0 0 0 3 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 3 .7 7 276 13 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 ,2 9 0 3 ,1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 5 ,0 0 0 1. 14 .3 4 96 217 108 4 8 ,1 0 0 8 2 ,7 0 0 7 6 ,5 0 0 8 2 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,8 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 .2 5 .6 8 .3 2 58 101 165 70 1 4 ,1 0 0 1 6 ,0 0 0 5 0 ,8 0 0 2 3 ,5 0 0 2 1 0 ,0 0 0 4 2 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,2 3 0 ,0 0 0 2 2 9 ,0 0 0 .1 2 .4 3 .8 7 .0 9 122 38 169 1 59 58 97 18 1 9 ,1 0 0 5 ,5 7 0 8 0 ,0 0 0 900 1 8 ,7 0 0 2 4 ,4 0 0 1 9 ,6 0 0 1 8 ,0 0 0 2 5 3 ,0 0 0 5 3 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 2 0 ,0 0 0 6 ,3 0 0 4 4 2 ,0 0 0 3 5 2 ,0 0 0 4 2 2 ,0 0 0 5 5 0 ,0 0 0 .0 8 .0 5 .4 5 .0 2 .3 0 . 15 . 19 .9 2 62 7 6 ,8 0 0 1 ,9 3 0 ,0 0 0 2 .9 0 26 68 8 ,6 8 0 1 1 ,3 0 0 1 5 8 ,0 0 0 1 7 9 ,0 0 0 . 18 . 14 _______ _______________ a 1 .6 7 2 6 0 0 .0 0 0 1 3 .5 0 0 .0 0 0 3 .1 9 A g r ic u lt u r e , f o r e s t r y , and fi s h e r ie s __________ M ining ______ __________ ____________________ ___ C o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n ___________________________ W h o le s a le and r e t a il tra d e _____________ __ „ F in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e sta te __________ T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , e l e c t r i c , g a s , and s a n ita ry s e r v i c e s _________________ S e r v i c e s _____________________________ ___________ G o v e r n m e n t ______________________________________ 10 187 771 311 11 2 ,2 3 0 1 2 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 1 ,0 0 0 7 2 ,2 0 0 770 6 5 ,7 0 0 5 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,1 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 7 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,3 1 0 (* ) 3 .2 6 .5 8 .0 5 ( 4) 233 128 25 1 4 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,7 0 0 2 ,0 5 0 1 ,9 1 0 ,0 0 0 1 9 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 ,5 0 0 .1 9 l 4) ( 4) A ll in d u s tr ie s ___ M a n u fa ctu rin g P r o f e s s i o n a l , s c i e n t i f i c , and c o n t r o llin g in s tr u m e n ts ; p h o to g r a p h ic and o p tic a l g o o d s ; w a tc h e s and c l o c k s _______ __ ______ M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s ___ __ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g _ 1 M a n -d a y s o f e m p lo y m e n t in the p r im a r y m e ta l in d u s tr ie s g r o u p d u rin g the s t e e l s trik e h ave b een c o m p u te d on the b a s is o f a v e r a g e e m p lo y m e n t th rou g h ou t the a ffe c te d m o n th s , r a th e r than on the u su al b a s is o f e m p lo y m e n t in the pay p e r io d ending n e a r e s t the fifte e n th o f e a c h m on th . In J u ly , e m p lo y m e n t in p r im a r y m e ta ls w a s 1 ,2 6 6 ,0 0 0 in the pay p e r io d ending the fifte e n th , and w a s p r e s u m e d to be 7 7 8 ,0 0 0 d u rin g the s e c o n d h a lf o f the m on th . In N o v e m b e r , e m p lo y m e n t w a s 1 ,1 9 6 ,0 0 0 in the pay p e r io d ending n e a r e s t the fifte e n th , and w a s p r e s u m e d to h o ld at th is le v e l in the la s t 3 w e e k s o f the m on th , bu t w as r e d u c e d b y 4 7 6 ,0 0 0 in the f i r s t w eek o f the m on th , d u rin g w h ich tim e the s te e l s trik e w a s in p r o g r e s s . If the p e r c e n ta g e o f tim e l o s t w e r e c a lc u la t e d on the b a s is o f r a t io o f tim e lo s t to tim e w o r k e d p lus tim e lo s t , the p e r c e n t a g e s w o u ld have b e e n 1 2 .1 2 in p r im a r y m e ta l in d u s tr ie s and 1 .3 3 in the m a n u fa ctu rin g g r o u p . a S to p p a g e s ex ten d in g in to 2 o r m o r e in d u s tr y g r o u p s have b een c o u n te d in e a c h in d u s tr y g r o u p a ffe c te d ; w o r k e r s in v o lv e d and m a n -d a y s id le w e r e a llo c a t e d to the r e s p e c t iv e g r o u p s . 3 E x c lu d e s g o v e r n m e n t. 4 N ot a v a ila b le . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not eq u a l t o ta ls . 13 TABLE 6. WORK STOPPAGES BY REGION,1 1959 and 1958 R e g io n S to p p a g e s b eg in n in g in— 1959 1958 U nited S ta tes ________________ * 3 ,7 0 8 * 3 .6 9 4 New E n glan d _ _____ ______ M id d le A tla n tic ______________ E a st N orth C e n tr a l _________ W e st N orth C e n tr a l ________ South A tla n tic _______________ E a st South C e n tr a l _________ 264 1 ,1 7 3 1 ,0 0 8 303 356 228 156 140 369 282 1 ,1 2 7 1 ,0 5 0 322 411 207 197 141 330 W e s t S ou th C e n t r a l M o u n t a in ____________ ________ P a c ific 3 __ ___ __ ______ W o r k e r s in v o lv e d in sto p p a g e s beg in n in g in— 1959 1958 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 6 0 ,0 0 0 7 3 ,2 0 0 5 8 7 ,0 0 0 5 7 2 ,0 0 0 1 0 5 ,0 0 0 1 3 4 ,0 0 0 1 0 2 ,0 0 0 5 7 ,4 0 0 9 7 ,4 0 0 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 7 8 ,6 0 0 5 1 0 ,0 0 0 9 2 8 ,0 0 0 9 9 ,6 0 0 1 2 8 ,0 0 0 6 6 ,8 0 0 6 6 ,3 0 0 3 6 ,3 0 0 1 4 6 ,0 0 0 M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g (a ll s to p p a g e s ) P e r c e n t o f e s tim a te d tota l w o rk in g tim e 1959 1958 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 .6 1 0 .2 2 1 ,4 6 0 ,0 0 0 2 1 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,6 1 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 , 1 8 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 6 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,6 4 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,7 4 0 ,0 0 0 0. 18 .8 2 .9 1 .4 2 .2 9 .7 6 .21 1 .3 2 .3 8 0 .1 1 .2 0 .3 9 . 17 .1 1 . 16 . 16 .1 9 .2 1 1959 1958 8 5 6 ,0 0 0 5 ,1 9 0 ,0 0 0 9 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 4 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 8 3 7 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 7 0 ,0 0 0 6 2 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 T h e r e g io n s u s e d in th is study in c lu d e : New E nglan d— C o n n e c tic u t, M a in e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , N ew H a m p s h ir e , R h od e Isla n d , an d V e r m o n t; M id d le A t la n t ic — N ew J e r s e y , New Y o r k , an d P e n n s y lv a n ia ; E a st N orth C e n tr a l— I llin o is , Ind ian a, M ich ig a n , O h io , an d W is c o n s in ; W e st N orth C e n tr a l— Iow a, K a n s a s , M in n e s o ta , M is s o u r i, N e b r a s k a , N orth D ak ota, an d South D akota; South A tla n tic -—-D e la w a re , D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia , F lo r id a , G e o r g ia , M a r y la n d , N orth C a r o lin a , South C a r o lin a , .V ir g in ia , an d W e st V ir g in ia ; E a st South C e n tr a l— A la b a m a , K en tu ck y , M is s is s ip p i, and T e n n e s s e e ; W est South C entral—A r k a n s a s , L o u is ia n a , O klah om a, and T e x a s ; Klountain—-A r iz o n a , C o lo r a d o , Idaho, M ontana, N e v a d a , New M e x ic o , U tah, and W y o m in g ; an d P a c if ic — A la s k a , C a lifo r n ia , O r e g o n , and W ash in g ton . a S top p ag es exten din g a c r o s s State lin e s h ave b een cou n ted in e a c h State a ffe c t e d ; w o r k e r s in v o lv e d an d m a n d ays id le w e r e a llo c a t e d a m o n g the S ta te s. 3 Data p r io r to 1959 e x c lu d e s A la s k a . NOTE; B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m ay not eq u a l to ta ls . 14 TABLE 7. WORK STOPPAGES BY STATE, 1959 S top p a g es b eg in n in g in 1959 M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g 1959 (a ll s to p p a g e s ) State N u m b er W ork ers in v o lv e d N u m b er P ercen t of e s tim a te d tota l w ork in g tim e 1 3 ,7 0 8 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 0. 61 A l a b a m a _____________________________________ _____ A la s k a _____________________________________________ A r i z o n a _____________________________________________ A r k a n s a s ___________________________________________ C a l i f o r n i a ________________________________________ 73 10 28 25 260 51, 300 4 ,9 0 0 3 0 ,6 0 0 3, 170 1 0 2 ,0 0 0 2 ,4 8 0 , 000 2 6 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 3 0 ,0 0 0 7 1 ,0 0 0 3 ,3 4 0 ,0 0 0 1. 64 ( 2) 2. 33 . 09 . 34 C o lo r a d o ___________________________________________ C o n n e c t ic u t ________________________________________ D e l a w a r e ___________________________________________ D i s t r ic t o f C o l u m b i a _____________________________ F lo r id a _____________________________________________ 30 68 7 11 99 2 2 ,4 0 0 2 0 ,5 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 5 ,9 0 0 27, 100 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 8 4 ,0 0 0 1 5 4 ,0 0 0 5 0 ,3 0 0 2 7 6 ,0 0 0 . 76 . 18 .4 5 . 07 . 10 G e o r g i a _____________________________________ _____ Idaho _______________________________________________ I l l i n o i s _____________________________________________ I n d ia n a _____________________________________________ Iow a _________ _______________ ________ ________ 22 17 231 153 63 3, 660 3 ,4 2 0 1 1 2 ,0 0 0 1 1 7 ,0 0 0 2 4 ,6 0 0 1 1 2 ,0 0 0 2 2 ,4 0 0 4 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 5 ,6 2 0 ,0 0 0 5 4 1 ,0 0 0 . 05 . 07 .5 7 1 .8 3 .'38 K a n sa s __ _ _ ____ _ K en tu ck y ____________________________________ _____ L o u i s i a n a _____ __ _____________________________ M ain e ______ ______________________ ____ ______ M a r y la n d ___________ ____________________________ 26 83 36 19 38 6 ,4 4 0 3 0 ,2 0 0 17, 500 1, 280 38, 300 6 4 ,7 0 0 1 ,2 2 0 ,0 0 0 2 8 6 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,5 0 0 2 ,4 4 0 , 000 . 05 .9 1 . 17 . 02 1. 30 M a s s a c h u s e t t s _____________________________________ M i c h i g a n ____ _____ ___________________________ M in n e s o ta ____ _ _______ _ _______ M i s s is s ip p i _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ __ M is s o u r i ___ _ __________ __________ 134 172 73 12 105 4 3 ,0 0 0 8 3 ,5 0 0 3 9 ,1 0 0 1 ,9 0 0 2 4 ,6 0 0 909 ,0 00 2 ,6 8 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,8 7 0 ,0 0 0 1 7 ,1 0 0 9 3 5 ,0 0 0 . 21 .5 3 .9 4 . 02 . 32 __________ M ontana ______________________________ N e b r a s k a __ _ _ __ ___ __ ___ N e v a d a ______ __ _ ---------------------_ _ N ew H a m p sh ir e _________ __ _____ _____________ ______ __ __ _____ N ew J e r s e y 17 25 16 14 249 1 2 ,4 0 0 8, 710 5, 000 1, 250 97, 200 7 8 0 ,0 0 0 1 7 3 ,0 0 0 2 1 5 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,9 0 0 1 ,9 8 0 ,0 0 0 2 .4 7 . 23 1. 10 . 03 . 44 12 5, 280 1 5 8 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 3 0 1, 200 2 3 8 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 4 ,0 0 0 8, 720 9, 6 3 0 ,0 0 0 U nited S tates ____________________________________ N ew M e x i c o _____ _______________________ _____ N ew Y o r k _ _____ ________________ __ __ __ _ N o rth C a r o lin a _________ ______________ __ N o rth D akota __ __ ______ ___ «.________ O h i o ------------------------------------------------------------------ -----O k lah om a ___ __ __ _____ __ _ ___ __ O r e g o n ________________________ ______________ P e n n s y lv a n ia „ _ _________ ___ R h od e I s l a n d _ __ __ _______ _ South C a r o l i n a _____ ____ _ ______ __ _ 470 13 8 391 20 41 454 20 9 212,000 6 ,3 5 0 9, 060 3 3 2 ,0 0 0 5 ,4 3 0 1 ,4 6 0 1 9 5 ,0 0 0 2 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 430 1 8 ,7 0 0 3 0 ,4 0 0 1 4 ,9 0 0 1, 640 1 3 ,2 0 0 4 6 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,3 1 0 ,0 0 0 1, 1 7 0 ,0 0 0 25, 000 911,000 112,000 2 3 ,3 0 0 South D akota ______________ ____ __ _______ T e n n e s s e e __ ______ ___________ ___ ___ T e x a s _____________________ _____________ _____ U t a h ______ _ __ _ _______________________ V e r m o n t ------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 60 75 V ir g in ia __ __ ________ _ __ ___ ___ W ashin gton _______ ___________________ ___ __ W est V ir g in ia _______ _ ______________________ 53 58 104 61 1 5 ,0 0 0 3 3 ,9 0 0 3 8 ,6 0 0 9 2 4 ,0 0 0 20,900 699,000 8 3 ,4 6 0 5 7 ,5 0 0 W is c o n sin W yom in g 12 9 1 1 3 ,0 0 0 .4 8 . 33 . 04 . 03 1 .4 0 . . 1. . . . . . 2. 17 22 82 18 01 05 24 24 37 . 10 . 05 . 55 .9 1 . 27 . 32 1 S top p ag es ex ten d in g a c r o s s State lin e s have b e e n cou n ted in e a c h State a ffe c te d ; w o r k e r s in v o lv e d and m a n d a y s id le w e r e a llo c a t e d am on g the S ta tes. 2 N ot a v a ila b le . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, su m s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s m a y n ot eq u a l to ta ls . 15 TABLE 8. WORK STOPPAGES BY METROPOLITAN AREA, 19591 S top p a g es d a n -d a y s id le beg in n in g in d u rin g 1959 1959 W o r k e r s a ll s to p p a g e s) N u m b er in v o lv e d M e tr o p o lita n a r e a A k ron , O h io - - - ___ A lb a n y -S c h e n e ctady^T r o y , N. Y ................................... A lle n to w n —B e th leh em — E a sto n , P a . _____________ A tla n ta , G a. ______________ 41 37, 000 7 7 9 ,0 0 0 23 6, 070 156, 000 48 17 36, 300 2, 220 1, 920, 000 M ic h . 5 29 15 260 3 4 ,6 0 0 2, 040 2 ,4 2 0 2 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 2 4 ,5 0 0 B e a u m o n t-P o r t A r th u r , T e x . ____________ B ir m in g h a m , A l a . _______ 6 30 5, 750 2 7 ,4 0 0 147, 000 1, 5 9 0 ,0 0 0 57 20 49 21 8 1 3 ,8 0 0 8, 250 3 2 ,2 0 0 14^600 5, 090 136, 000 8 3 ,0 0 0 1, 920, 000 * 7 9 1 ,0 0 0 1 3 7 ,0 0 0 A tla n tic C ity , N. J . _____ B a lt im o r e , M d. ____ _ R a y C it y , B o s to n , M a s s . _____________ B r id g e p o r t , C onn. _______ B u f f a lo , N- Y . _ C anton, O h i o ______________ C e d a r R a p id s , Towa 3 2 ,7 0 0 8 ,4 7 0 1 0 ,3 0 0 7 ,5 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 5 6 ,0 0 0 C le v e la n d , O h i o ___________ C o lu m b u s, O h i o ___________ D a lla s , T e x . ______________ D a v e n p o rt, Iow a—R o c k Isla n d —M o lin e , 111. ____ 59 23 13 4 2 ,7 0 0 6 ,9 8 0 1, 680 1 ,9 9 0 ,0 0 0 7 2 ,1 0 0 5 3 ,0 0 0 13 1, 870 8 6 ,7 0 0 D a y to n , 15 10 16 12 75 2, 680 630 1 3 ,0 0 0 9 ,3 4 0 4 9 ,2 0 0 3 0 ,4 0 0 2, 640 9 8 ,8 0 0 2 2 9 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 8 0 ,0 0 0 6 630 8 ,9 2 0 13 6 13 4, 200 1, 160 5 ,9 5 0 2 6 1 ,0 0 0 3 3 ,2 0 0 6 6 ,0 0 0 Tenn. C h ic a g o , 111. ______________ C in cin n a ti, O hio ________ O h io D e c a tu r , 111. _____________ D e n v e r , C o lo . _____________ D e s M o in e s , I o w a ________ D e t r o it , M ich . ____________ D ubuque, I o w a _____________ D uluth, M inn. — S u p e r io r , W is. __________ E r ie , P a . __________________ E v a n s v ille , Ind. 6 5 5 900 1 ,9 2 0 470 4, 500 5 4 ,3 0 0 1, 070 8 940 4, 300 9 1 2 ,0 0 0 7 7 5 ,0 0 0 106 24 6 52, 700 4, 070 470 1 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 6 7 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 9 0 15 29 25 4, 890 5 ,3 0 0 12, 900 177, 000 6 6 ,3 0 0 4 9 8 ,0 0 0 M irm . 38 16, 100 3 5 8 ,0 0 0 A la . 11 7 3, 490 560 17, 500 8, 180 6 7 1 ,9 6 0 3, 380 1 3 ,7 0 0 3 0 ,0 0 0 5 1 ,3 0 0 8 4 ,6 0 0 5 6 17 500 2, 060 1 4 ,5 0 0 2 8 ,1 0 0 8 5 ,4 0 0 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 460 13 5 5 1 5 9 ,0 0 0 7, 690 480 980 2 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 148, 000 2 ,2 4 0 1 3 ,6 0 0 18 131 13 132 20 4, 590 7 1 ,0 0 0 1 1 ,2 0 0 1 5 1 ,0 0 0 4, 250 1 5 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 4 0 ,0 0 0 2 6 4 ,0 0 0 8 ,0 4 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 6 ,0 0 0 15 6 6 7 15 4, 280 8, 120 500 740 1, 860 96, 800 6 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 5 ,8 0 0 6, 390 6, 660 12 11 9 7, 160 980 1, 510 116, 000 9, 810 16, 300 88 26, 400 5 1 9 ,0 0 0 6 7 ,4 3 0 6 5 6 ,0 0 0 14 14 8, 890 2, 820 6 0 9 ,0 0 0 1 9 ,1 0 0 75 8 20 20 3 0 ,4 0 0 1, 110 3, 260 9, 250 9 4 5 ,0 0 0 56, 100 6 2 ,7 0 0 4 6 7 ,0 0 0 9 12 16 6 2 ,9 3 0 10, 600 5 ,3 9 0 710 7 2 ,9 0 0 9 5 ,5 0 0 2 1 8 ,0 0 0 7 7 ,4 0 0 7 2, 500 2 8 ,3 0 0 Law rence, M ass. L o r a in —E ly r ia , O h i o ____ L o s A n g e le s —L on g B e a c h , C a lif. __________ L o u is v ille , K y. M e m p h is, T enn . _______ M ia m i, F la . ___________ M ilw a u k ee, W is . __ M in n e a p o lis—St. P a u l, M o K ile , M u n cie , Ind. ___________ M u sk eg on —M u sk eg on H e ig h ts, M ich . ---------N a s h v ille , Tenn. N ew B e d fo r d , M a s s . ___ N ew B r ita in — B r is t o l, Conn. ________ N ew H aven, Conn. ______ N ew O r le a n s , L a. _______ N ew Y ork —N o r th e a s t e r n N ew J e r s e y ___ O m aha, N e.h r. P a d u ca h , K y. ____________ P en s a m l a, P e o r ia , F la . 111. P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . _______ P h o e n ix , A r i z . __________ P itts b u rg h , P a . _________ P o r t la n d , O r e g . ________ P r o v id e n c e , R .T . P u e b lo , C o lo . F a ll R iv e r , M a s s . _ 9 7 7 7 7 1, 860 2, 600 2, 050 820 7, 900 6 0 ,8 0 0 2 1 ,5 0 0 6 3 ,6 0 0 1 1 ,0 0 0 49 7, 000 7 8 7 2, 900 2, 310 1 ,9 0 0 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 3 3 ,3 0 0 1 3 6 ,0 0 0 6 2, 090 1 4 ,7 0 0 H a r r is b u r g , P a . __________ H a rtfo r d , Conn. __________ H ou ston , T e x . H untington, W. V a .— A sh la n d , K y. _ 7 5 24 7, 560 520 8, 620 4 2 0 ,0 0 0 8, 820 3 8 2 ,0 0 0 15 7, 800 3 5 1 ,0 0 0 In d ia n a p o lis , Ind. ________ J a c k s o n , M ich . ___________ J a c k s o n v ille , F l a . _______ Joh n stow n , P a . K a la m a z o o , M ich . ______ 27 6 13 6 7 6, 690 2, 230 660 1 4 ,6 0 0 1, 880 1 5 9 ,0 0 0 36, 000 8, 850 1 ,1 4 0 ,0 0 0 46 , 300 K an sas C ity , M o. _ _ K ing s ton—N ew bu r gh— P o u g h k e e p s ie , N. Y . ____ K n o x v ille , Tenn. 29 8, 990 4 5 3 ,0 0 0 11 13 5 870 2 ,8 9 0 280 1 8 ,3 0 0 8 ,9 1 0 4, 520 F lin t, M ir.h . F o r t W ayne, Ind. _________ F r e s n o , C a lif. __________ G ad sd en , A la . _____________ ________ G a lv e sto n , T e x . G ran d R a p id s , M ich . _____ G reat F a lls , M o n t. H a m ilto n —M id d le tow n , O h io ______________________ ... L im a , O h i o _______________ L in c o ln , N e b r . _ __ L ittle R o c k —N orth L ittle R o c k , A r k . _____ M a d iso n , W is. __________ 1, 190 260 460 1 2 1 ,0 0 0 1 5 ,5 0 0 C h a tta n o o g a , M e tr o p o lita n a r e a ___________ R e a d in g , P a . R ic h m o n d , V a . R o c h e s t e r , N. Y . _______ R o c k fo r d , 111. ___________ S a c r a m e n to , C a lif. _____ S aginaw , M ich . St. L o u is , M o .—E a st St. L o u i s , 111. Salt L ak e C ity , U t a h ____ San B e r n a r d in o — R i v e r s id e—Onta r i o , C a li f . San D ie g o , C a lif. San F r a n c i s c o — O akland, C a l i f . _______ San J o s e , C a lif. ________ S cra n to n , P a . _________ S e a ttle, W ash. __________ S iou x C ity , Iow a ________ L a n ca ster, Pa. S ee fo o tn o te at end o f table, S top p a g es b eg in n in g in JM an -d a ys id le d u rin g 1959 1959 W o rk e r s 1[a ll s to p p a g e s) N u m ber in v o lv e d 8 5 ,6 0 0 8 5 10 104 45 C h a rle s to n , W. V a . ______ C h a rlo tte , N. C. __________ I So u th R e n d , Tnd. S p r in g fie ld , 1 1 1 .__ _____ S p r in g fie ld , O h io ______ S p r in g fie ld —H o ly o k e , M a s s . _______ __________ 16 TABLE 8. WORK STOPPAGES BY METROPOLITAN AREA, 19591— Continued M e tr o p o lita n a r e a S ta m fo rd —N o rw a lk , Conn. _____________________ S to ck to n , C a lif. __________ S y r a c u s e , N. Y . ___________ T a c o m a , W aqh. ___________ Tam paHSt. P e t e r s b u r g , F l a _________ _______________ T e r r e H aute, Ind. ________ T o le d o , O h i o ______________ T o p e k a , K a n s. ____________ T re n to n , N. J. _____________ T u c s o n , A r i z . _____________ S to p p a g e s b eg in n in g in M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g 1959 1959 W o r k e r s a ll s to p p a g e s) N u m b er in v o lv e d 6 6 10 1 ,3 6 0 450 3 ,4 5 0 1 1 ,9 0 0 1 4 ,3 0 0 207, 000 7 1 ,8 0 0 1 1 8 ,0 0 0 18 5, 600 2 ,9 9 0 4 2 ,4 0 0 98, 600 Q 7 19 7 21 6 5, 2, 7, 4, 070 060 790 280 8 3 ,3 0 0 7, 670 264, 000 1 0 5 ,0 0 0 S top p a g es b eg in n in g in M a n -d a y s id le 1<>59 d u rin g 1959 W o r k e r s (a ll sto p p a g e s ) N u m ber in v o lv e d M e tr o p o lita n a r e a T u ls a , O k l a . ____________ U tic a —R o m e , N. Y . _____ W ash in gton , D . C . ______ 8 11 15 3 ,5 1 0 3, 500 1 1 ,3 0 0 6 2 ,4 0 0 4 0 ,6 0 0 9 0 ,6 0 0 W h eelin g , W. V a . S te u b e n v ille , O h i o ____ W ilk es - B a r r e H a z le to n , P a . ________ W ilm in g ton , D e l . _______ 33 2 3 ,2 0 0 1, 190, 000 24 9 2, 040 2 ,5 7 0 1 3 ,8 0 0 1 5 6 ,0 0 0 W o r c e s t e r , M a s s . _____ Y o rk , P a . Y ou n g stow n , O h io ______ 14 11 65 3 ,8 4 0 860 6 8 ,5 0 0 216, 000 17. 600 3, 650, 000 1 T he ta b le in c lu d e s data f o r e a c h o f the m e tr o p o lit a n a r e a s that had 5 o r m o r e sto p p a g e s in 1959* S o m e m e tr o p o lit a n a r e a s in clu d e c o u n tie s in m o r e than 1 S ta te, and h e n c e , an a r e a tota l m a y e q u a l o r e x c e e d the to ta l f o r the State in w h ich the m a jo r c ity is lo c a t e d . S to p p a g e s in the m in in g and lo g g in g in d u s tr ie s a r e e x c lu d e d fr o m this ta b le . I n te r m e tr o p o lita n a r e a s to p p a g e s a r e co u n ted s e p a r a t e ly in e a c h a r e a a ffe c te d ; the w o r k e r s in v o lv e d and m a n -d a y s id le w e r e a llo c a t e d to the r e s p e c t iv e a r e a s . In 4 s t r ik e s , the B u re a u c o u ld n o t s e c u r e the in fo r m a t io n n e c e s s a r y to m a k e su ch a llo c a t io n s — 3 sto p p a g e s in the c o n s t r u c t io n in d u s tr y in v o lv in g a p p r o x im a t e ly 1 5 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s in w e s t e r n W ash in g ton in M a y , ab ou t 900 w o r k e r s in e a s t e r n M ich ig a n in Ju ne, and 2 ,5 0 0 w o r k e r s in 4 N ew E n g lan d S ta tes in J u ly , and a stop p a g e o f about 2 ,0 0 0 b a r g e lin e e m p lo y e e s in S ta tes b o r d e r in g the M i s s is s ip p i and O h io r iv e r s in J u ly . TABLE 9. WORK STOPPAGES BY AFFILIATION OF UNIONS INVOLVED, 19591 S top p ag es b egin n in g in 1959 W o r k e r s in v o lv e d A ffilia tio n N um ber P ercen t of total N um ber ________________________________________ 3 ,7 0 8 1 0 0 .0 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 A F L - C I O ___________________________________ U n a ffilia te d u n ions __________________ ___ S in gle fir m un ions ________________________ D iffe r e n t a ffilia t io n s 2 _ _______ No union in v o lv e d ________________________ Not r e p o r t e d ______________________________ 2 ,8 0 3 794 7 73 25 6 7 5 .6 2 1 .4 .2 2 .0 .7 .2 1 ,5 6 0 ,0 0 0 2 6 4 ,0 0 0 3 ,3 5 0 5 4 ,0 0 0 1 ,4 1 0 390 T o ta l 1 L e s s than 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t . 2 In clu d e s w o r k sto p p a g e s in v o lv in g u n ions o f d iffe r e n t a f filia t io n s — e ith e r and 1 o r m o r e u n a ffilia te d u n io n s, o r 2 o r m o r e u n a ffilia te d u n io n s. NOTE: B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not equ al t o t a ls . M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g 1959 (a ll s t o p p a g e s ) F ercen t of tota l N um ber P ercen t of tota l 1 0 0 .0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 6 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,7 6 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 ,9 0 0 1 ,8 1 0 ,0 0 0 7 ,1 8 0 3 ,2 3 0 9 0 .4 6 .9 <*> 2 .6 (* ) 8 2 .8 14. 1 .2 2 .9 .1 (M C ) 1 o r m o r e a ffilia t e d w ith A F L - C I O 17 TABLE 10. WORK STOPPAGES BY SIZE OF STOPPAGE, 1959 M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g 1959 (a ll sto p p a g e s ) S top p a g es b eg in n in g in 1959 W o r k e r s in v o lv e d S ize o f stopp ag e (n u m b er o f w o r k e r s in v o lv e d ) ______________________________________________ 6 an d under 20 ____________________________ 20 an d under 100 _________________________ 100 an d under 250 ____________ __ . __ 250 an d under 500 _______________________ 500 an d under 1 ,0 0 0 _____________________ 1 ,0 0 0 an d un der 5 ,0 0 0 ______________,____ 5 ,0 0 0 an d un der 1 0 ,0 0 0 10,000 an d o v e r NOTE: N u m ber P ercen t of total N um ber P ercen t of total N um ber P ercen t of tota l 3 ,7 0 8 100.0 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 660 1 ,4 4 3 728 380 252 207 18 20 1 7 .8 3 8 .9 1 9 .6 10.2 6.8 5 .6 .5 .5 7 ,5 5 0 6 9 ,2 0 0 1 1 5 ,0 0 0 1 3 0 ,0 0 0 1 7 5 ,0 0 0 4 1 8 ,0 0 0 1 1 8 ,0 0 0 8 4 5 ,0 0 0 0 .4 3 .7 6. 1 6 .9 9 .3 2 2 .3 6 .3 4 5 .0 1 3 1 ,0 0 0 1 ,2 9 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 7 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 3 0 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 9 0 ,0 0 0 8 ,1 4 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 1 0 ,0 0 0 5 0 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 0.2 1 .9 2 .9 2.8 4 .0 11.8 2.8 7 3 .7 B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not equ al t o ta ls . TABLE 11. WORK STOPPAGES BY NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS INVOLVED, 1959 S top p a g es b eg in n in g in 1959 W o r k e r s in v o lv e d N u m b er o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts i n v o l v e d 1 T o ta l _ N u m ber r 1 e s t a b l i s h m e n t -----2 to 5 e s ta b lis h m e n ts _____________________ 6 to 10 e s ta b lis h m e n ts ___________________ 11 e s ta b lis h m e n ts o r m o r e ______________ 11 to 49 e s ta b lis h m e n ts ______________ 50 to 99 e s ta b lis h m e n ts ______________ 100 e s ta b lis h m e n ts o r m o r e _________ E x a ct n u m b e r not know n 2 ___ ___ Not r e p o r t e d __ P ercen t of total N u m ber M a n -d a y s id le d u rin g 1959 (a ll s to p p a g e s ) P ercen t of tota l N um ber P ercen t of tota l 3 ,7 0 8 100.0 1 ,8 8 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 6 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 2 ,8 2 2 457 137 277 155 20 30 72 15 76. 1 1 2 .3 3 .7 7 .5 4 .2 .5 5 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 9 5 ,0 0 0 9 9 ,2 0 0 1,0 2 0 ,0 0 0 1 3 0 ,0 0 0 7 3 ,3 0 0 7 0 9 ,0 0 0 1 0 8 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,6 0 0 2 9 .3 1 0 .4 5. 3 5 4 .3 6 .9 3 .9 3 7 .7 5 .7 7 ,6 8 0 ,0 0 0 4 ,6 3 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,1 7 0 ,0 0 0 5 2 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,1 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,7 8 0 ,0 0 0 4 5 ,9 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 9 0 ,0 0 0 11.1 6. 7 4 .6 7 6 .0 4 .6 2.6 6 6 .5 2 .4 1.6 .8 1 .9 .4 .8 1 An e s ta b lis h m e n t is d e fin e d a s a sin g le p h y s ic a l lo c a t io n w h e re b u s in e s s is c o n d u c te d o r w h e re s e r v ic e s o r in d u s tr ia l o p e r a tio n s a r e p e r fo r m e d ; fo r e x a m p le , a f a c t o r y , m i ll , s t o r e , m in e , o r fa r m . A stop p a g e m a y in v o lv e 1, 2 , o r m o r e e s ta b lis h m e n ts o f a sin g le e m p lo y e r or it m a y in v o lv e d iffe r e n t e m p lo y e r s . In fo rm a tio n a v a ila b le in d ic a t e s m o r e than 11 e s ta b lis h m e n ts in v o lv e d in e a c h of th e se s to p p a g e s . NOTE: B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , su m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y not equ al t o ta ls . 18 TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS Beginning date A pproxi mate duration (calendar d a y s )1 January 1 February 1 28 102 E stab lish m en t s) and location Union(s) involved2 A pproxi mate number of workers involved 2 M ajor term s of settlem ent3 Food em ployers council, Inc. , Los Angeles County, Calif. Retail Clerks International A ssociation. 2 0 ,0 0 0 5-year agreem ent providing wage increases of 15 cents an hour effec tive January 1, 1959 (in t h e L o s A n g e l e s area), and A pril 1959 (in other locations); IIV 2 cents in I960; 7Vz cents in 1961, 1962, and 1963; revisions in prem ium rates for night and Sunday work; unemployment and disability benefits plan established with company payment of 1 cent an hour effective January 1, I96 0 , and 1 cent January 1961, to p r o v i d e 65 percent of straight-tim e earn ings for eligible la id -o ff employees and 80 percent for disabled em ploy ees (both benefits include State pay m ents); additional company payment of 0. 5 cent an hour to pension fund e f f e c t i v e January 1, 1961; se m i annual adjustment of pensions begin ning July 1, 1959, based on percent of increase in Los A ngeles BLS CPI above November 1958 index, with no r e d u c t i o n below current benefit lev els; effective January I960, addi tional V2 cent an hour company pay ment to w elfare fund to extend cov erage to disabled and retired e m p loyees; 6 d ays1 paid sick leave a year effective January 1,1960; co m panies to assum e any increase in costs of m edical benefit; supple mental jury-duty pay. Wholesale and retail bakeries, New York, City and W estchester County, New York. A m erican Bakery and Conf e ctione r y W ork ers1 In ternational Union; Bakery and Confec tionery W orkers 1 International Union of A m erica ; Retail Clerks International A ssociation. 1 2,0 0 0 Retail bakeries: 3 -y e a r contract providing wage increase of 50 cents to $ 1 . 65 a day; m inim um 50 cents a day increase in Manhattan bakeries a n d $ 1 in o t h e r s e f f e c t i v e February 1, 1959; additional 25 cents to $ 1 a day increase in minimum rates effective February 1, I960, and additional increases up to $ 1 .5 0 effective February 1, 1961; uniform starting rates to be established by February 1, 1961; escalator clause providing 2-p ercen t adjustment for each 2-p ercent change in New York City CPI effective February 1, 1961; tim e and one-half after 7 V2 -hour day extended to all shops; companies pay $1 a day to pension fund (was 75 cents); 3 d ays1 paid funeral leave; all shops to supply laundry (previ ously in Manhattan shops only). W holesale bread shops: 3 -y e a r contract providing wage increases of 64 cents to $ 3 . 27 a day effective February 1, 1959; a d d i t i o n a l in crea ses to $ 1 .5 6 a day in minim um r a t e s effective both February 1, I960, and February 1, 1961; uni form starting rates to be established by February 1, 1961; several c la s sifications established in lo c a l wholesale shops; escalator clause providing 2-p ercen t adjustment for each 2-p ercent change in New York City CPI effective February 1, 1961; time and one-half after 35 hours a week and 7 hours a day by August 1, See footnotes at end of table . 19 TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS— Continued Beginning date A pproxi mate duration (calendar d a y s )1 Establishm ent(s) and location Union(s) involved 2 A pproxi mate number of workers involved 2 M ajor term s of settlem en t3 1960, for bakers and by February 1, 1961, for m iscellaneous em ployees in all shops; 3 w eeks1 vacation after 1 year (was 5) extended to m is c e l laneous em ployees in local whole sale shops; companies pay $1 a day to pension fund (was 75 cents); all shops to supply laundry. February 1— Continued W holesale cake bakeries: 3 -y ea r contract providing wage increase of 50 cents to $1.80 a day to em ployees above starting and below m aximum rate effective February 1, 1959; ad ditional increases up to $ 1 .8 0 a day in m i n i m u m rates effective F e b ruary 1, I960, and to $ 1 .9 5 e ffec tive F e b ru a ry l, 1961; uniform sta rt ing rates to be established by F eb ruary 1, 1961; packing forem en and assistants, m echanics, and helpers receive unspecified increase up to rate established February 1, 1961; escalator clause providing 2-percent adjustment for each 2-percent change in New York City CPI effective F eb ruary 1, 1961; 10 cents night d iffe r ential (was 5 cents) effective Octo ber 1, 1961; eighth paid holiday, Columbus Day; companies pay $ 1 a day to pension fund (was 75 cents); 1 w eek's severance pay, including unemployment compensation, for each y e a rrs service (maximum 10) for employees laid off when plant location changes; 3 d ays1 paid fu neral leave. February 2 84 A llis -C h a lm e rs Manu facturing Company, 7 States: A labam a, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, M issou ri, Pennsylvania, and W isconsin. See footnotes at end of table. United Auto mobile W o rk e rs; United S teelworke rs. 1 4,0 0 0 2 l!z -y ea r a g r e e m e n t , supple mented by local agreem ents, p ro viding w age-rate increases of 2 V2 percent (minimum 6 cents an hour) retroactive to September 1, 1958; additional 2 V2 percent (minimum 6 cents) annual improvement in crease September 14, 1959, and October 3, I960; up to 8 cents an hour increase to employees in higher labor grades; 15 cents of current 24 cents c o st-o f-liv in g allowance incorporated into base rates and e s c a l a t o r c la u s e c o n tin u e d ; 1 4 -cent night-shift differential (was 12 cents); fourth week vacation a f ter 25 y e a rs; unemployment bene fits improved to provide 65 percent of take-hom e pay plus 1 percent for each dependent up to a m aximum of 70 percent (including State unem ployment compensation) for a m a xi mum of 39 weeks (was 65 percent for 26 weeks); $50 per week m a xi mum payment from fund (was $ 25 plus $2 for each dependent up to 4); supplementary benefits for short workweek a n d separation p a y of 40 hours after 2 years to 1,200 hours after 30 y e a r s r service for em ploy ees laid off at lea st 1 year; pension benefit increase from $2.25 to $2.50 a month for each yearTs service— 20 TABLE 12. WCRK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS— Continued Beginning date A pproxi mate duration (calendar days)1 E s tabli s hment (s ) and location Union(s) involved2 A pproxi mate number of workers involved2 M ajor term s of settlem ent3 present and future re tire es; contri bution to health and w elfare benefits schedule revised to add 2 new wage brackets— maxim um $ 7 , 200 life in surance (was $ 6 ,0 0 0 ) and maxim um of $79 a week sick and accident ben efits (was $ 65), m aximum of $ 16 a day hospitalization (was $12)—co m pany to pay any future increase in insurance co sts; w orkm en^ co m pensation supplemented up to 65 p e r cent of gross earnings. February 2— Continued M arch 9 CM Bituminous coal m ines, 3 States: Kentucky, Tennessee, and W est V irgin ia. United Mine W ork ers. 1 8 ,0 0 0 A greem ents concluded with the m ajority of companies by m id-July providing $ 2 daily wage increase and health and w elfare payments. A p ril 10 22 United States Rubber Co. , 11 States: California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, M assachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and W isconsin. United Rubber W ork ers. 2 5 ,0 0 0 2 -y e a r m a ster agreem ent with 60-day wage reopening clause p ro viding continuation of company pay ments of 3 cents an hour to unem ployment fund with maximum weekly benefit increase to $ 30 plus contin uation of $ 2 weekly for each d e pendent up to 4 for a maxim um of 39 weeks; im provem ent of pensions and insurance agreem ent effective July 1, 1959, extended to July 1, 1964— pension plan funded; norm al retirem ent at age 65 after 10 years with minim um pension benefits in c r e a s e d f r o m $ 1 . 80 to $ 2 .1 0 a month for each year*s service up to 30, and to a minimum of $2 a month for each year for em ployees retired since J u l y 1, 1950; employee r e tains option of pension computed on earnings in highest 120 consecutive months le ss one-half social security benefit; minimum $ 10 0 per month disability pension benefit (was $80); vesting at age 40 after 10 years with option of service award (severance pay) or deferred pension with bene fits computed on serv ice after age 30; survivor o p t i o n ; w orkm en^ compensation supplemented up to $ 30 weekly f o r women a n d $40 weekly for men; other insurance imp ro vem ents. A p ril 16 55 The B. F. Goodrich Co. , 7 States: Alabam a, California, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Penn sylvania, and Tennessee. United Rubber W orkers. 1 3,0 0 0 2 -y e a r m a ster agreem ent p r o viding liberalized incentive system ; continuation of company payment of 3 cents an hour to unemployment fund, with optional changes; im provement of pension agreem ent and extension to J u l y 1, 1964— $ 2 .4 0 monthly norm al pension ben efits (excluding social security) for each ye arTs service p rior to Janu ary 1, 1959, and $ 2 .5 0 a month thereafter (form er m inim um , $1.80 a month for each year up to 30 with benefits other than minimum r e duced by one-half social security benefit) company to pay difference if new benefit is le ss than under old form ula; minimum of $2.25 monthly for eachyear*s service for em ploy ees retired since 1949; early r e tire ment at company option and d isa bility retirem ent at double the new See footnotes at end of table. 21 TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS— Continued Beginning date Approxi mate duration (calendar days)1 Establishm ents( s) and location Union(s) involved 2 A pproxi mate number of w orkers involved 2 M ajor term s of settlem en t3 norm al benefit reverting to norm al pension at age 65 (disability r e tire ment was minimum of $80 or onetwelfth of 1 percent of total earn ings reduced by one-half social s e curity disability benefits); upward adjustment for present retirees on early or disability retirem ent; im proved insurance benefits for e m ployees and those retired at age 65 since 1949. A p ril 16— Continued A p ril 16 60 Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. , 7 States: California, Indiana, Iowa, M assachusetts, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. United Rubber W orkers. 1 9,0 0 0 2 -y e a r m aster agreem ent p r o viding new method of computing clas sified average earnings; improved holiday pay computation, vacation eligibility, supplemental jury-duty pay and funeral leave; improved un employment plan; pension agreement extended to A pril 30, 1964, with im provement in norm al and disability pension sim ila r to B. F . Goodrich; eligibility for norm al pension bene fits at age 65 after 10 ye ars, v e s t ing and survivor option added; $ 27 a month minimum pension for 10 but le ss than 15 years* serv ice; company payment of sick and accident benefit from fir s t day of occupational injury and difference between w orkmen's compensation and insurance benefits beginning with second week; im proved insurance including lib e ra l ized sick and accident benefits for employees over age 60. May 11 24 Construction industry, Seattle and Tacom a, Washington, and western Washington. Operating E ngineers; International Brotherhood of T eam sters. 1 5,0 0 0 Operating E n g i n e e r s: 2 -y e a r agreement p r o v i d i n g across-th eboard 3 0 -cent hourly increase retro active to June 1, 1959, and addi tional 25 c e n t s effective June 1, I960; modified exclusive hiring hall clause. T eam sters: 2 - y e a r agreement providing 28 cents an hour increase retroactive to Junel, 1959; 2 V2 cents additional for the health and w elfare plan, and an additional 25 cents e f fective Junel, I960; hiring hall p ro v i s i o n s s i m i l a r to Ope rating Engineers. May 12 9 Construction industry, Washington, D. C. area. International Hod C a rrie r s1, Build ing and Common Laborers* Union; Operating Engineers. 1 0 ,OoG Operating E n g i n e e r s: 2 -y e a r agreement providing immediate pay increase of 10 cents an hour; 8 cents an hour to be paid into a pension fund beginning November 1, 1959, 7-cent wage increase May 1, I960, and 10 cents November 1, I960; ad ditional 5 -cent hourly increase for bulldozer operators on May 1, I960; hiring hall; joint labor-m anagem ent committee to administer pension fund. L aborers: 2 -y ea r contract p ro viding immediate hourly increase of I 2 V2 cents; l llz cents on M a y l, I960; 10 cents on November 1, I960. See footnotes at end of table. 22 TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS— Continued beginning date A pproxi mate duration (calendar d a y s )1 Establishm ent(s) and location 1 Union(s) involved 2 A pproxi mate number of workers involved2 M ajor term s of settlem en t3 June 3 54 Construction industry, Statewide; A rizon a. Operating E ngineers. 1 7 ,0 0 0 3 -y e a r contract providing a 7 lh percent wage increase in each year; 7 V2 cents contribution to health and welfare funds. June 15 43 The Great Atlantic, and P acific Tea Company, Greater New York City, Nassau, Suffolk, W est chester, and Rockland Counties, New York. International Brotherhood of T e a m ste r s. 1 4,0 0 0 2 -y ea r contract providing weekly wage increase of $ 6 for men, $3 for women; additional $2 effective in I960; double time for work on Sunday night; severance pay plan providing 1 weekTs p a y f o r each 2 y e a r s1 service to a maximum of 12 weeks, if department is e lim i nated o r warehouse i s moved o r closed. July 1 1 Jones and JLaughlin Steel Corporation, Aliquippa, Pennsylvania. United S teel workers. 1 3,0 0 0 W orkers returned to work on or der of union officia ls. July 6 8 Construction industry, Denver, Colorado. Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners. 10, 000 2 -y e a r contract providing im m e diate wage increase of 16 cents an hour; 10 cents, J u ly l, I960; 5 cents, January 1, 1961; union shop, upon certification of em ployees; rights to negotiate separate contracts with m illwrights (responsible for moving and installing heavy m achinery); and agreem ent that union may negotiate separate contracts with other e m ployers such as hom ebuilders. Steel industry, Nationwide. United S te el w orkers. 5 1 9 ,0 0 0 Memorandum of agreem ent (Jan uary 5, 1980) with 11 basic steel companies (production and m ainte nance em ployees). Wage increase deferred until D ecem ber 1, I960, to average 9 .4 cents an hour in cluding estim ated effect on incen tive pay (average 8. 3 cents in hourly rates—7 cents general increase plus 0. 2 cents increase in increm ents be tween 31 job c la sse s, with top job cla ss receiving 13 cents); effective October 1, 1961, additional average 8. 6 cents including estim ated effect on incentive pay (average 7. 6 cents increase in hourly rates— 7 cents general increase plus 0. 1 cent in crease in increm ents between job c la s s e s , with top class receiving 10 cents); escalator clause revised to retain current 17 cents c o s t -o fliving allow ance, provide two c o s tof-liv in g review s and lim it m a x i mum additional adjustment to 6 cents effective October 1, 1961, of which m aximum 3 cents co st-o f-liv in g ad justment effective D ecem ber 1, I960,, to be reduced by 0* L cent for each full 48 cents increase in insurance cost over base average monthly net insurance co st of $ 2 0 .1 6 p er e m p lo yee; minim um $ 2 * 5 0 a month pension f o r e a c h y e a rfs se rv ic e p r io r t o January 1 ^ 1 9 6 0 , and $ 2 .6 0 a month fo r each year thereafter fo r a maximum of 55 years (was $ 2*4 0 a month fo r se rv ice p rior to-November 1^ 1957, and $ 2 ,5 0 thereafter for a-m axim um of 30 years) o r ad ditional $ 5 a month for future r e t i r e e s w h e n a p p l y i n g alternate July 15 116 See footnotes at end of table. 23 TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS— Continued Beginning date A pproxi mate duration (calendar d a y s )1 E stab lish m en t s) and location Union(s) involved2 A pproxi mate number of workers involved2 1-percent f o r m u l a in computing pension benefits; 13 w eeks1 va ca tion pay (less vacation pay during year) on retirem ent with regular pension beginning f o u r t h month; early retirem ent (by mutual ag re e ment) at full benefit at age 60 after 15 y e a r s1 service (was at reduced benefits), or at age 55 after 20 y e a r s1 service if terminated by reason of permanent s h u t d o w n , layoff, or sickness resulting in break in serv ice provided employee has attained age 53and 18 y e a r s1 service on date he ceases work; $100 a month fu ture m i n i m u m disability benefit (was $90); companies also increased existing pensions by $5 a month; companies to assum e full cost of insurance p ro gra m (w a s 5 0 -5 0 con tribution) and program improvement to provide $ 4 , 000 to $ 6 ,5 0 0 life in surance (was $ 3 ,5 0 0 to $ 6 ,0 0 0 at m ost companies), life insurance r e tained during first 2 years of la y off with employee paying 60 cents p er $ 1 , 000 after fir st 6 months; $53 to $68 weekly sick and a c c i dent benefit (was $ 42 to $ 57 at m ost companies), and 6-m onth retention of hospital, surgical, and related coverages for la id -o ff em ployees with 2 y e a r s1 se rv ice ; higher e x is t ing benefits continued for em p loy ees already on payroll at Allegheny Ludlurn, A rm c o , Inland, and W heel ing, and existing hospital and su r gical unemployment program at In land continued for all em ployees; previous plan extended with co m panies p a y i n g 3 cents cash and 2 cents contingent liability (the con tingent liability which had been can celed in accordance w i t h p rior agreem ent was restored). July 15— Continued August 3 August 10 5 45 (*> Construction industry, southern Illinois. International Hod C a rriers, Building and Common L a borers Union. 2 4 ,0 0 0 2 -y e a r agreem ent with Southern Illinois C o n t r a c t o r s A ssociation providing retention of hiring hall and 15 c e n t s an h o u r increase August 1, 1959, and August 1, I960. 1 -y e a r agreem ent with the Southern Illinois Builders A ssociation p r o viding retention of hiring hall. Kennecott Copper C o r poration, 4 States: A rizon a, Nevada, New M exico, and Utah. International Union of Mine, M ill and Sm elter W ork ers; United S teel w orkers. 7 1 1 ,0 0 0 18 -month agreem ent reached with M ine, M ill and Sm elter W orkers providing 7 cents to 10. 6 cents (av erage 8. 5 cents) including 7 cents general wage increase plus average 1. 5 cents for increase in increments effective July 1, I960; additional increase in A rizona and New Mexico effective 1959 and I960 to reduce Southwest difference; double time after 12 hours1 w o r k (w a s after h o u r s ) seventh p a i d holiday; double tim e and one-half for holiday work (was double tim e) $10 0 s e v erance pay for each year’s serv ice if layoff is due to permanent plant or department shutdown, automa tion, or technological change; $15 a See footnotes at end of table. M ajor term s of settlem en t3 24 TABLE 12. WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS— Continued Beginning date A pproxi mate duration (calendar d a y s )1 E stab lish m en t s) and location Union(s) involved 2 A pproxi mate number of workers involved2 M ajor term s of settlem en t3 day hospitalization for employees and dependents (was $ 1 3 ); $300 sup plemental accident benefits extended to dependents; jury-d uty pay; "p a c k a g e " estim ated at 22.3 cents. August 10— Continued 2 0 -month agreem ent with United Steelw orkers p r o v i d i n g average 8 .7 cents anhour, (union estimate)— includes 7 cents general increase plus average 1. 7 cents increase in increments between job c la s s e s ; ad ditional average 8. 7 cents effective August 1, I96 0 ; additional 0. 6 cents increase in rates at A rizona location to reduce geographical differen tial, effective both Novem ber 1959 and August I960; double time after 12-hour shift; double tim e and onehalf for holiday work extended to Ray and Hayden, A r iz . (was dou ble tim e); seventh paid holiday e f fective I96 0 ; establishm ent of s e v erance pay p ro gressio n ; improved insurance; jury-duty pay extended to Ray and Hayden, A r i z ., units; union estim ate 22. 3 cents package. August 24 September 4 85 9 51 P acific Coast Shipyards, 3 States: California, Oregon, and Washington. International A ssociation of M achinists; United B rother hood of Carpen ters and Joiners; P acific Coast M etal Trades Council. 1 0 ,0 0 0 3 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t providing 10 cents an hour in crease, includ ing 8 cents retroactive to July 1, 1959; additional 8 cents effective July 1, I96 0 , and 9 cents effective July 1, 1961; f ir s t -c la s s m echanics1 rate increased to $ 2 . 83; 9 cents an hour toward pay for holidays (was 7 cents) effective Novem ber 1, 1961; companies to pay 5 cents to pension or s e v e r a n c e pay fund effective A p r i l 1, I96 0 , a n d increase to 10 cents effective A p ril 1, 1961. Swift and Company, 31 States. Amalgamated Meat' Cutters and Butcher W orkmen; United P ack inghous e W ork ers. 1 8 ,0 0 0 2 -y e a r c o n t r a c t p r o v i d i n g 8 % cents and hour increase e ffe c tive Septem ber 1, 1959, including 2 cents advance c o st-o f-liv in g ad justm ent— 14 cents current c o s tof-liv in g allowance incorporated in to base rates and escalator clauae continued with automatic adjust ment only if CPI rises enough to o ff set the 2 -cen t advance; additional 6Vz c e n t s effective September 1, I960; 25 p e r c e n t Saturday and 50 percent Sunday prem ium on con tinuous shifts (were 15 percent and 30 percent, respectively); 12 cents night differential (was 10 cents); full day's prem ium for Vz dayls work in fr e e z e r ; revised holiday provisions including Monday or F r i day observance of Veterans Day or W ashington's Birthday; improved vacation eligibility and 3 weeks* va cation after 10 years (was 15) e ffe c tive D ecem ber 31, 1959; improved hospital and m edical benefits and severance pay provisions and other benefits. M aster agreem ent covers both northern and southern plants; differences were only i n ’ the wage increases which reestablished or raised the North-South differential. See footnotes at end of table. 25 TABLE 12; WORK STOPPAGES BEGINNING IN 1959 INVOLVING 10,000 OR MORE WORKERS— Continued Beginning date Approxi mate duration (calendar days ) 1 E s tabli s hm ent (s ) and location Union(s) involved 2 A pproxi mate number of workers involved 2 Plants in Georgia, F lorida, A la bama, M ississip p i, and Louisiana received increase of 5 cents, addi tional 3 1/* cents effective Septem ber 1, I960; N ashville, T e n n ., plant received 8 V2 cents in crease, no in crease in I 9 6 0 . September 4— Continued October 1 M ajor term s of settlem en t 3 9 8 Longshoring industry, E ast and Gulf Coast ports. Inte rnational Longshore m en^ A ssociation. 5 2 ,0 0 0 Memorandum of settlem ent on a new 3 -y ea r contract with New York Shipping A ssociation (D ecem ber 1, 1959) providing 1 2 cents an hour in crease retroactive to October 1, 1959, additional 5 cents effective October 1, I960, and 5 cents e ffec tive October 1, 1961; sixth, seventh, and eighth paid holidays added in fir s t, second, and third contract year, respectively; qualifying time .for 2 and 3 weeks* vacation pay r e duced to 1 , 1 0 0 and 1 ,3 0 0 hours per year, respectively (were 1 , 2 0 0 and 1 ,5 0 0 hours); 14 cents anhour co m pany payment to pension fund (was 7 cents); 2 1 cents an hour company p a y m e n t to w e l f a r e fund (was 14 cents), i n c l u d i n g 3 cents for m edical clinics. Mechanization issue— em ployers agreed not to reduce the size of the standard 2 0 -m an work gang and to use ILA m em bers to load or reload containers when work is done at the p ier. A 3 -m an arbitration board was named to work out royalties for port workers displaced by container shipping. Settlement reached at other A t lantic and Gulf ports during D e ce m ber. Benefits sim ila r to agreem ent with New York Shipping A ssociation, except for local work ru les. October 5 4 Silk and rayon dyeing, finishing, and print ing companies, 3 States: New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Textile W ork ers Union. 1 2 , 0 0 0 2 -y e a r a g r e e m e n t providing 13 cents an hour effective October 1959; 5 c e n t s an hour, effective I 9 6 0 ; ninth paid "flo a tin g " holiday; companies to p a y $ 7 a month to pension fund (was $ 6 ). 1 Includes nonworkdays, such as Saturdays, Sundays, and established holidays. 2 The unions listed are those d irectly involved in the dispute, but the number of workers involved m ay in clude m em bers of other unions or nonunion w orkers idled by disputes in the sam e establishm ents. W orkers involved in the maxim um number made idle for 1 shift or longer in establishm ents directly in volved in a stoppage. This figure does not m easure the indirect or secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose em ployees are made idle as a result of m aterial or service shortages. 3 Adapted largely from Current Wage Developm ents, published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. 4 A greem ents reached by m id -J u ly covering m ost w orkers. 5 Some workers returned about August 24 when approximately 100 contractors signed individual contracts. 6 Settlement reached with United Steelworkers Novem ber 22; operations resumed at Utah sm elters and r e fineries Novem ber 23 until Decem ber 1, when 2 railroad unions established picket lines which the Steelworkers refused to c r o s s ; operations resumed D ecem ber 26, when the railroad unions* differences were settled. O pera tions resumed Decem ber 29 on a lim ited scale in A rizon a, New M exico, and Nevada, following agreem ent with the M ine, M ill and Sm elter W orkers, Decem ber 16 on a m a ster 18-m onth contract and on local issu es D e ce m ber 23. In Utah, operations resum ed January 29, I960. 7 M ajor unions; other unions involved: International A ssociation of M achinists; Brotherhood of Locom otive F irem en and Enginemen; Brotherhood of Railway Carmen; International Brotherhood of E lectrical W ork ers; Op erating Engineers; Office Em ployes; Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen. 3 M ost companies settled October 14, except in Washington where about 2 ,5 0 0 workers were idle until October 21. 9 W orkers at all ports returned to their jobs October 9, after a United States D istrict Court issued a 10-day restraining order under provisions of the Labor-M anagem ent Relations (Taft-H artley) A ct. 26 TABLE 13. DURATION OF WORK STOPPAGES ENDING IN 19591 Duration (calendar days) Stoppages Percent Number of total W ork ers involved Number P ercent of total M an-days idle Number Percent of total ____________________________________________ 3 ,7 4 7 1 00 .0 1,910,000 1 00 .0 6 7 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 ! day__________________________________ 2 and le s s than 4 days _ _______________ _____ __ __ 4 and le s s than 7 days _____________ _________________ 7 and le s s than 15 days _______________________________ 15 and le s s than 30 days __ ___________________ _____ 30 and le s s than 60 days ___________________________ _ 60 and le s s than 90 days _____________________________ 90 days and over ______________________________________ 369 537 514 806 62 3 466 211 221 9 .8 1 4 .3 13. 7 2 1 .5 1 6 .6 1 2 .4 5 .6 5 .9 1 0 9 ,0 0 0 1 3 5 ,0 0 0 1 6 7 ,0 0 0 2 6 2 ,0 0 0 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 5 ,0 0 0 1 2 4 ,0 0 0 6 0 9 ,0 0 0 5 .7 7. 1 8 .7 1 3 .7 13. 1 13. 3 6 .5 3 1 .9 1 0 9 ,0 0 0 2 7 4 ,0 0 0 5 6 5 ,0 0 0 1 ,6 2 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,4 9 0 ,0 0 0 7 ,2 3 0 ,0 0 0 5 ,8 5 0 ,0 0 0 4 8 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 0 .2 .4 .8 2 .4 5 .2 1 0 .7 8 .7 7 1 .6 A ll periods 1 The totals in this table differ from those in the other tables because these relate to stoppages ending during the year, including any 1958 idleness in these strik es. NO TE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal to ta ls. TABLE 14. METHOD OF TERMINATING WORK STOPPAGES ENDING fN 19591 Stoppages Method of termination A ll methods _____________________________________________ Agreem ent of parties reached: D irectly ____________________________________ — _____ With assistance of government agencies ______— With assistance of nongovernment m ediators or a g e n c i e s ____ ______ ________________ ___________ With combined assistance of government and nongovernment m ediators or agencies — _____ Term inated without form al settlement ___ _____ E m ployers discontinued business ____________ _____ Not reported _______________ _______________ _______ W ork ers involved Number Percent of total Number P ercent of total 3 ,7 4 7 1 00 .0 1,910,000 1,54 1 1 ,39 2 4 1. 1 37. 1 Number Percent of total 1 0 0 .0 6 7 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 1 0 0 .0 4 9 3 ,0 0 0 6 8 7 ,0 0 0 2 5 .8 3 6 .0 6 ,5 8 0 ,0 0 0 1 4 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 .8 2 1 .9 .8 3 4 1 ,0 0 0 .5 173 4 .6 1 5 ,5 0 0 6 514 53 68 .2 1 3 .7 1 .4 1 .8 5 0 ,6 0 0 6 5 8 ,0 0 0 4 ,5 5 0 2 ,7 1 0 1 See footnote 1, table 13. N O TE: Because of rounding, sums o f individual item s m ay not equal totals. M an-days idle 2 .6 3 4 .4 .2 .1 2 ,1 8 0 ,0 0 0 4 3 ,2 0 0 ,0 0 0 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 6 4 ,0 0 0 3 .2 64. 1 .4 . 1 27 TABLE 15. DISPOSITION OF ISSUES IN WORK STOPPAGES ENDING IN 1959 1 Stoppages Percent Number of total Disposition of issu es A ll issu e s _ ________ _ __ ____________ __ ________ Issues settled or disposed of at termination of stoppage 2 _________ __ _ Some or all issu e s to be adjusted after resu m p tion of work: By direct negotiation between em ployer(s) and union __________________________________________ By negotiation with the aid of government agencies __ _ __ By arbitration _ By other means 4 ___________________________________ Not reported _____ ____ W ork ers involved Percent Number of total M an-days idle Percent Number of total 3 ,7 4 7 100.0 1,9 1 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 6 7 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 100.0 3 ,3 6 1 8 9 .7 1,820,000 9 5 .4 6 6 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 9 8 .8 153 4. 1 4 6 ,5 0 0 2 .4 4 5 9 ,0 0 0 .7 3 70 92 68 .1 1 .9 2 .5 1.8 145 2 3 ,9 0 0 1 5 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 1 0 ( 3) 1.2 .8 .1 1 ,05 0 120,000 139 ,0 00 6 4 ,0 0 0 (3) .2 .2 .1 1 See footnote 1, table 13. 2 Includes (a) those strikes in which a settlement was reached on the issu e s prior to return to w ork, (b) those in which the parties agreed to utilize the com pany's grievance procedure, and (c) any strikes in which the w orkers returned without form al agreement or settlem ent. 3 L e ss than 0 .0 5 percent. 4 Included in this group are the cases referred to the National or State labor relations boards or other agencies for decisions or election s. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. 28 Appendix A: Tables-W ork Stoppages TABLE A-l. WORK STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY, 1959 Stoppages beginning Man-days idle, in 1959 1959 (all Workers Number involved stoppages) Industry All industries — Manufacturing — — __ ------- ____________________ Primary metal in d u str ie s _______________ Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling and finishing m ills _________ Primary smelting and refining of _ _ _ __ nonferrous metals Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals and a llo y s ______ Rolling, drawing and extruding of nonferrous m e t a l s __________________ Nonferrous foundries ________________ Miscellaneous primary metal industries ____ ___ __ _ _ Fabricated metal products, except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment ____________________ Metal c a n s _______________________ _____ Cutlery, handtools, and general hardware ...... . , , . Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbing f i x t u r e s ______________ Fabricated structural metal products _ ___ Screw machine products, and bolts, nuts, screw s, rivets and washers _ Metal stam pings______________________ Coating, engraving, and allied sflrvirftfl Miscellaneous fabricated wire products ..... - . . ... . Miscellaneous fabricated metal products Ordnance and accessories ______________ Guns, howitzers, m ortars, and related equipment _ _ Ammunition, except for small a r m s ____ __ _ ________ ___ _____ Sighting and fire control equipment Small arms _ ____ _ Ordnance and accessories, not elsewhere classified _ __ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ________________________________ Electric transmission and distri bution equipment ____________________ Electrical industrial ap paratu s_____ Household appliances __ _ _________ Electric lighting and wiring equipment ____ _____ _____________ Radio and television receiving sets, except communication types _______ Communication equipment _ Electronic components and accessories _________________________ Miscellaneous electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ___________ Machinery, except electrical __ _____ Engines and turbines__________________ Farm machinery and equipment______ Construction, mining, and m ate rials handling machinery and equipment Metalworking machinery and equipment____________________________ Special industry machinery, except metalworking m ach in ery___________ General industrial machinery and equipm ent__ __ __ _ _ _ _ Office, computing, and accounting machines ____________________________ Service industry machines __________ Miscellaneous machinery, except electrical See footnote at end of table, 13,708 12,0 4 3 1.8 8 0 .0 0 0 1 .2 8 0 .0 0 0 6 9 .0 0 0 ,0 0 0 55,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 *236 575,000 39,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 82 63 514,000 16,100 36,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 590,000 12 18,200 1,170 ,0 0 0 5 1,940 137,000 33 19 17,100 2,620 286,000 22,000 28 5,640 180,000 1276 11 100,000 7,310 3 ,1 5 0 ,0 0 0 43,400 26 6,470 17 4,280 107 39,200 11 39 3,740 21,000 17 930 18 4,610 34 12,900 13 8,290 1 20 6 1,920 3 1 2 ,100 460 96 48,100 18 12 9 20,500 2 ,380 9,930 15 2,090 9 12 1,640 5,650 12 2,240 42,600 9 3, 700 116,000 1217 8 17 82,700 11,400 19,100 2 ,8 2 0 ,0 0 0 146,000 1,0 5 0 ,0 0 0 38 9,070 386,000 5,090 Lumber and wood products, except furniture __ _ „ ____ _ __ Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing m i l l s ________ Millwork, veneer, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood p ro d u c ts ___________________________ __ _ Wooden containers __ __ Miscellaneous wood products __ Furniture and fix tu re s _________________ Household furniture _ ___ ___ __ Office furniture _ ___ 140,000 Public building and related furniture __ __________ _____ __ 1,65 0 ,0 0 0 Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and store fix tu re s _____ Miscellaneous furniture and fi xt ur e s ____ _____ ____ _______ _ 265,000 247,000 Stone, clay, and glass products Flat glass ..... ~ . . . . ... 21,200 Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 161,000 Glass products, made of purchased glass . _ ... _ 523,000 Cement, hydraulic _ ____ _ __ Structural clay products __________ 125,000 Pottery and related p ro d u c ts______ Concrete, gypsum, and plaster 1,710 products____________________________ Cut stone and stone products — __ 14,700 Abrasive, asbestos, and m iscel laneous nonmetallic mineral products 52,700 14,700 Textile m ill products 40,800 Broadwoven fabric m ills, cotton ___ Broadwoven fabric m ills, man made fiber and silk Broadwoven fabric m ills, wool: 820,000 Including dyeing and finishing____ Narrow fabrics and other sm all169,000 wares m ills: Cotton, wool, 81,200 silk, and man-made fib e r _________ Knitting m ills _______________________ 88,800 Dyeing and finishing textiles, ex 107,000 cept wool fabrics and knit goods__ Floor covering m ills _ _ __ 44,400 Yarn and thread m i l l s ______________ 171,000 Miscellaneous textile g o o d s ________ 3,800 245,000 25 3,600 105,000 53 22,100 487,000 4 22 3,300 4,050 114,000 86,900 25 5,060 200,000 Stoppages beginning Man-days in 1959 idle, 1959 Workers (all Number involved stoppages) M anufactur inK— C ontinue d Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment _ Aircraft and parts . __ Ship and boat building and repairing _____ Railroad equipment M otorcycles, bicycles, and p a r ts __ Miscellaneous transportation equipment _ __ 91,800 2 29 Industry Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar m aterials M en’s, youths', and boys' suits, coats, and overcoats M en’s, youths', and boys ' furnish ings, work clothing, and allied garments _ __ _ W om en's, m is s e s ', and juniors' outerwear ---W om en's, m is s e s ', children's, and infants' under garments Hats, caps, and millinery _________ G ir ls ’ , children's, and infants ' outerwear Fur goods _ __ ___ _________ _____ Miscellaneous apparel and accessories _ _ ____ Miscellaneous fabricated textile pr oducts 1 108 76,500 1,390 ,0 0 0 54 26 31,500 21,700 367,000 312,000 17 6 2 16,000 6 ,390 600 512,000 171,000 3,480 5 320 21,500 58 14,100 210,000 5 16 280 9 ,160 4 ,520 137,000 22 8 7 3.930 410 340 52,800 10,800 4,590 101 76 5 16,000 9,150 2 ,900 422,000 164,000 79,700 6 530 11,900 10 2 ,840 162,000 4 580 4 ,670 165 3 50,800 1,900 1,2 3 0 ,0 0 0 353,000 11 13,700 151,000 6 8 41 16 430 2 ,910 10,100 9,520 12,300 74,800 213,000 125,000 56 5 7,360 570 166,000 15,900 j 19 4, 350 120,000 70 1 23,500 40 229.000 120 2 730 3,490 7 2 ,820 54,200 1 21 30 1,370 400 21,000 21 3 3 11 15,400 520 650 2,000 53,900 5,620 66,900 23.80U 122 19,100 253,000 2 400 1,540 16 3,570 50,900 58 11,000 147,000 11 4 2,110 230 21,300 850 5 3 310 60 7 650 1 *200 8 660 10,900 15 790 12,100 29 TABLE A-l. WORK STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY, 1959— Continued Stoppages beginning in 1959 Industry Number Workers involved Stoppages beginning Man-days idle, in 1959 1959 Workers (all Number involved stoppages) Man-days idle, 1959 (all stoppages) Manufacturing— Continued Manufacturing— C ontin ue d Leather and leather products___________ Leather tanning and finishing______ — Industrial leather belting and packing--------------------------------------- ------Boot and shoe cut stock'and fin d in g s_________________ ____________ Footwear, except r u b b e r ____________ Luggage -------------------------------------------Handbags and other personal leather g o o d s -------------------------------- -------— ----Leather goods, not elsewhere c l a s s i f i e d _______________ __ _________ 38 6 5,570 420 1 10 2 21 4 80 4,730 170 2 110 2 40 Food and kindred products ________ _____ Meat p r o d u c ts ------------------------------------Dairy products____________ __ _________ Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and sea foods _________ Grain m ill p ro d u c ts__________________ Bakery products__________________ —__ Sugar ---------------------------------------------------Confectionery and related p ro d u c ts_________________ ___________ Beverage in d u strie s__________________ Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred p ro d u c ts----------------------------— 169 28 16 80,000 33,000 3' 180 17 13 45 2 6,520 2'7 4 0 24,200 '510 2 30 1,020 7,440 Tobacco manufactures _____________ —___ C i g a r s ________________________________ 1 1 16 Paper and allied products_______________ Paper m ills, except building paper m ills ________________________________ Paperboard m ills ____________________ Converted paper and paperboard products, except containers and Paperboard containers and b o x e s ___ Building paper and building board m ills ________________________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries ______________________________ Newspapers: Publishing, publishing and p r in tin g _____ ______ ___ Periodicals: Publishing, publishing and p r in tin g _________________________ Commercial p r in tin g ____ ___ ___ _____ Manifold business forms m anu facturing______________________ Bookbinding and related industries Service industries for the printing t r a d e _________________________________ Chemicals and allied p ro d u c ts__________ Industrial inorganic and organic c h e m ic a ls ___________________________ Plastics materials and synthetic resins, synthetic rubber, syn thetic and other man-made fibers, except g l a s s _________________________ Drugs _________________________________ Soap, detergents and cleaning pre parations, perfumes, cosm etics, and other toilet preparations_______ Paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels, and allied p r o d u c ts _____ Gum and wood c h e m ic a ls ____________ Agricultural c h e m ic a ls ______________ Miscellaneous chemical p ro d u c ts___ 900 900 59 18,700 17 4 10,200 2,230 20 14 2 ,500 2 ,740 4 1,010 _ 179,000 400 2,010 5,470 56,600 25 5,650 71,900 3 310 2 ,250 9 490 5,050 20 2,400 37,500 1 1,672 600,000 1 3 ,500,000 52 8,4 8 0 326,000 82 40 6 6 15 15,500 76,800 5,290 480 11,500 196,000 877,000 115,000 7,770 62,400 3,590 1,040 2 ,240 30 6,160 95,000 Motor freight transportation and warehousing . _. Water transportation _______________ Transportation by a i r _______________ Transportation services Communication _ _ E lectric, gas, and sanitary services _ _ 44,300 91,100 Finance, insurance, and real e s t a t e ___ Finance ... .... _ ._ . . Insurance ... .... Real estate _ ... 10,000 .... _ _ 129,000 Services 2 ,010 Hotels, rooming houses, camps, and other lodging places 21,700 Personal services 28,800 Miscellaneous business s e r v ic e s ___ Automobile repair, automobile services, and garages 550,000 543,000 Miscellaneous repair s e r v ic e s _____ Motion pictures 4,410 Amusement and recreation services, 2,330 except motion pictures ____________ Medical and other health se rv ic e s__ Educational services _______________ 1,9 3 0 ,0 0 0 Nonprofit membership 1,4 9 0 ,0 0 0 organizations ______________________ 94,200 Miscellaneous services 30 Government 321,000 State government 28,200 Local government ___________________ Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 11,300 5 6 1 ,9 1 0 ,0 0 0 69,400 1 Stoppages extending into 2 or more industries or industry groups workers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective industries. NOTE: 68 140,000 7,780 422,000 14,200 2,240 4,4 6 0 l 233 Transportation, communication, elec tric, gas, and sanitary services ____ Railroad transportation Local and suburban transit and 490 interurban passenger trans71,400 200 1 340 135,000 19,600 15 23 3 4 ,1 2 0 ,0 0 0 4 76,800 53,700 6 ,590 10 25,700 6,380 2,570 97 *62 22 6 1,470 750 251,000 50 50 390 7 2 16 2 1 99,600 5,440 771 100 3,820 18,000 17,400 190 5,540 170 Contract construction __________________ 2 22 18 13 4 7 2 65,700 352,000 1, no 16,500 5 ,6 5 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,9 5 0 ,0 0 0 1,200 1,5 6 0 ,0 0 0 273,000 2,7 8 0 390 580 1,100 400 2 ,230 24,400 5 5 120,000 52,800 400 64,000 20,200 16 2 7 12 158,000 1187 26 1 146 58 4,400 3, 130 8 ,680 Mining , Metal 29,400 Anthracite __ 58,800 Bituminous coal and l ig n it e _________ Mining and quarrying of nonmetallic 6,360 m inerals, except f u e l s ____________ 25 18 7 26 10 Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Petroleum refining and related industries ______________________________ Petroleum r e fin in g ___________________ Paving and roofing m a te r ia ls ________ Miscellaneous products of petroleum and c o a l ______________________________ Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ________________________________ Tires and inner tubes _______________ Rubber footwear _____________________ Reclaimed ru b b e r____________________ Fabricated rubber products, not elsewhere c la s s if ie d _______________ Miscellaneous plastics products____ 1,390 53,300 Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical 3,490 goods; watches and c lo c k s ------------------Engineering, laboratory, and scien 130 tific and research instruments and Associated equipment 1,930 Instruments for measuring, con 43,900 trolling, and indicating physical 3,240 char acteri Rtics .... 510 Optical instruments and lenses ____ Surgical, medical, and dental instruments and supplies no Ophthalmic goods ___ Photographic equipment and 1,720 ,0 0 0 supplies 994,000 13,500 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries _ __ ______ _____ 52,000 Jewelry, silverware, and plated 55,700 ware 450,000 Musical instruments and parts ____ 2,050 T oys, amusement, sporting and athletic, goods 2,780 Pens, pencils, and other office and 139,000 a rtis ts ' m aterials _________________ Costume jewelry, costume novelties, 14,400 buttons, and miscellaneous notions, except precious metal 6,300 Miscellaneous manufacturing 6 ,300 industries .. 442,000 Nonmanufacturing ____________ 241,000 106,000 Agriculture, forestry, and f is h e r ie s ___ 10 23 13,900 258,000 311 143 72,200 14,500 57,600 1,570 ,0 0 0 314,000 1 ,2 6 0 ,0 0 0 11 1 2 8 770 50 260 460 4,310 430 1,780 2, 100 128 12,700 190,000 13 26 32 1,900 2,010 3,940 22,200 16,200 41,100 19 7 8 510 220 520 9,810 6,340 4,660 6 9 3 290 2,480 240 7,470 61,600 1,470 4 1 430 130 17,000 1,940 25 4 21 2,050 410 1,640 10,500 1,650 8,860 168 have been counted in each industry or industry group affected; 30 TABLE A-2. WORK STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY S. I, c. code (group or division) Stoppages beginning in 1959 Industry group . Number Total Mfg. Wages, hours, and supplementary benefits Total All industries Manufacturing Workers involved Stoppages Man-days beginning idle, in 1959 1959 ^ (all Workers Number stoppages) involved Man-days idle, 1959 (all stoppages) Union organization, wages, hours, and supplementary benefits Stoppages beginning in 1959 Number Man-days idle, 1959 Workers (all involved stoppages) 1 3, 708 1, 880, 000 69, 000, 000 11, 872 1, 320, 000 61, 200, 000 361 95, 500 2, 470, 000 1 2, 043 1, 280, 000 55, 500, 000 11, 187 993, 000 51, 100, 000 199 15, 300 369,000 26, 700 1, 540, 000 _ 133, 000 1 18 1 3 460 840 900 130 19 20 21 22 Ordnance and accessories Food and kindred products _ _ Tobacco manufactures „ _ __ Textile m ill p ro d u c ts____________ 13 169 1 70 8, 290 80, 000 900 23, 500 125, 000 1, 720, 000 6, 300 229,000 9 93 36 4, 990 61, 300 _ 20, 000 23 24 Apparel, etc. 2 _____ Lumber and wood products, except furniture _______ _ __ Furniture and fixtures __________ Paper and allied p r o d u c ts _______ 122 19, 100 253, 000 54 8, 910 69, 000 25 1, 060 39, 000 58 101 59 14, 100 16, 000 18,700 210, 000 422, 000 442, 000 37 71 31 5, 500 12, 900 8, 210 116, 000 372, 000 209,000 6 13 5 110 1, 230 170 920 30, 200 6, 850 58 97 24, 400 19, 600 352, 000 422, 000 19 59 11, 100 12, 600 215, 000 348, 000 15 6 460 240 24, 700 8,8 9 0 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Printing, publishing, and allied indu stries____ ________ Chemicals and allied products___ Petroleum refining and related industries _ __________ Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products _________ Leather and leather products _ __ Stone, clay, and glass ____ _____________ products _ 14, 30, 6, 2, 700 900 300 210 18 18,000 550, 000 9 10, 900 218, 000 2 400 2, 360 62 38 76, 800 5, 570 1, 930, 000 53, 300 40 26 71, 600 3, 710 1, 900, 000 35, 700 5 4 100 240 1, 050 4, 240 50, 800 1, 230, 000 98 35, 800 874, 000 14 1, 210 65, 600 575,000 39, 000, 000 100, 000 3, 150, 000 82, 700 2, 82-0, 000 128 182 141 540, 000 38, 700, 000 61, 900 2, 920, 000 43, 500 1, 700, 000 17 19 22 2, 420 1, 210 2, 100 26, 500 37, 000 29/100 165 33 34 35 36 Prim ary metal industries _ __ Fabricated metal products 3 _____ Machinery, except electrical _ _ _ Electrical machinery, equip ment, and supplies 236 276 217 96 48, 100 820, 000 54 25, 900 385, 000 9 730 21, 300 37 38 39 Transportation equipm ent_______ Instruments, etc. 4 Miscellaneous manufacturing __ _ industries 108 26 76, 500 8, 680 1, 390, 000 158,000 55 14 39, 500 6, 420 1, 080, 000 136, 000 9 1 1, 170 10 15, 800 160 68 11, 300 179,000 44 8, 210 144, 000 4 140 1, 680 600, 000 13, 500, 000 *691 330, 000 10, 100, 0Q0 162 80, 200 2, 100, 000 Nonmfg. A B C E F G H I Nonmanufacturing _ _ 11, 672 Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ______ ____________ ___ Mining ------------ -— Contract con stru ction __ _— _____ _ 10 187 771 2, 230 120, 000 251, 000 65, 700 5, 650, 000 4, 120, 000 6 37 307 1,020 58,300 157,000 41, 800 4, 710, 000 2, 670, 000 2 13 47 680 20, 500 52, 100 23, 300 803, 000 1, 110, 000 Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary services ____ * _____ ___ __ _ Wholesale and retail t r a d e ___ ___ 233 311 140, 000 72, 200 1,910, 000 1, 570, 000 95 177 41, 400 66, 500 1, 140, 000 1, 450, 000 24 48 1, 270 2, 390 12, 700 73, 100 Finance, insurance, and real estate ______— _________— _ — ._ Services ------- ----- -----Government — _— _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 128 25 770 12, 700 2, 050 4, 310 190, 000 10, 500 3 62 360 6, 230 950 1, 340 79, 400 2, 640 3 23 2 100 3, 140 40 660 72, 100 400 1 1 Sto p pages a ffe c tin g m o re than 1 in d u s t ry g ro u p h av e b e e n counted in e a ch in d u s t ry g ro u p a ffe c te d ; w o r k e r s in v o lv e d and m a n -d a y s id le w e re a llo c a t e d to the r e s p e c t iv e groups* 1 In c lu d e s o th e r fin is h e d p r o 4 u c t s m ad e fr o m f a b r ic s and s im il a r m a t e ria ls * * E x c lu d e s ord nan ce* m a c h in e ry , and t ra n s p o rt a tio n equipm ent* * In c lu d e s p r o fe s s io n a l* s c ie n t if ic , and c o n t r o llin g in s t ru m e n t s ; p h o to g ra p h ic and o p t ic a l goods; w a tch e s a n d clo ck s* N O T E : B e c a u s e o f ro u n d in g , s u m s o f in d iv id u a l it e m s m a y hot e q u a l totals* 31 GROUP AND MAJOR ISSUES, 1959 Other working conditions Union organization Stoppages beginning in 1959 Number Man-days idle, Workers (all involved stoppages) Stoppages beginning in 1959 Number Workers involved Interunion or intraunion matters Man-days idle, 1959 (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in 1959 Number Not reported Workers involved Man-days idle, 1959 (all stoppages) S. I. C. code Man-days (group or idle, division) 1959 (all stoppages) Stoppages beginning in 1959 Number Workers involved 303 58, 400 1, 700, 000 *761 362, 000 3, 400, 000 350 32, 000 222, 000 61 5, 760 30, 500 Total 1 136 38, 100 1, 460, 000 444 226, 000 2, 480, 000 42 4, 490 56, 700 35 2, 150 18, 900 Mfg. 11 12 320 1, 270 7, 070 81, 400 3 38 12 2, 840 16, 900 1, 520 83, 300 142, 000 7, 950 4 2 360 _ 230 2, 320 2, 030 5 5 260 370 1, 230 2, 870 19 20 21 22 24 6, 950 99,700 10 1, 770 39, 500 4 170 1, 370 5 220 4, 520 23 3 2 2 130 40 630 1, 070 1, 160 42, 200 6 13 20 7, 840 1, 740 9, 510 90, 900 16, 700 171,000 5 2 1 520 100 150 1, 450 1, 270 13, 600 1 _ 20 _ 110 _ - - 24 25 26 12 7 5,490 180 17, 500 2 ,840 11 25 7, 250 6, 660 93, 900 62, 300 1 - 90 ~ 1, 040 “ - “ 1 110 no - - - _ _ _ i 760 94, 200 5 5 ,850 235, 000 5 " 240 - 4, 170 12 6 4, 840 1, 450 22, 700 11, 800 9 1, 650 79, 500 38 11, 500 210, 000 5 10 11 550 2, 790 13, 100 11, 700 11, 500 821, 000 77 53 43 _ _ _ i 27 28 29 1 90 170 1 80 1, 360 30 31 1 10 60 5 590 1, 750 32 1, 290 500 - 16, 000 6, 440 - 2 5 - 70 220 - 270 4, 860 - 33 34 35 30, 900 33, 900 24, 000 290, 000 171,000 269, 000 7 7 6 1, 300 64, 300 22 20, 000 345, 000 2 70 3, 170 3 170 1, 070 36 6 7 2, 080 480 102, 000 10,900 35 4 33, 000 1, 770 187, 000 11,300 2 - 750 - 5, 050 - - 20 " 370 - 37 38 5 150 4, 670 11 2, 570 25,800 2 60 2, 530 - 2 130 510 39 167 20, 300 241, 000 318 136, 000 911, 000 1 308 27, 600 165, 000 26 3, 610 11, 500 Nonmfg. 7 64 1, 880 12, 300 2, 920 148, 000 116 77 32, 000 8, 180 115, 000 45, 100 1 9 269 510 4, 640 20, 100 510 12, 700 139,000 1 5 7 20 2, 500 570 100 4, 450 760 A B C 32 31 3,860 700 55, 300 15, 700 69 35 91, 200 2, 190 701, 000 23, 800 1, 660 240 4, 010 7, 770 2 8 300 180 1, 540 4, 590 E F 3 24 6 60 940 590 540 16, 000 3, 230 2 11 8 260 1, 960 430 1, 770 20, 600 4, 060 370 40 1, 430 180 3 40 100 G H I n 12 - _ 5 2 32 TABLE A-3. WORK STOPPAGES IN STATES HAVING 25 OR MORE STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 19591 Alabama Stoppages beginning in 1959 W o rk ers N um ber involved Industry group A ll in d u stries _ _______ _ Manufacturing __ __ ____ __ ___ __ __ _ P r im a r y m e ta l indu stries _ _ _ ___ F a b ricated m e ta l products, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation e q u ip m e n t____ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s _ ______ E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and sup plies _ __ __ __ ___ ______ M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l __ _____ T ransportation equipment _ __ __ Lu m ber and wood products, except furniture _ __ -----— _ _ ---- -----Fu rniture and f i x t u r e s _____ _ __ __ Stone, clay, and g la s s products __ „ __ _ T e xtile m ill p r o d u c t s ______________________________ A p p are l and other finished products m ade fr o m fa b r ic s and s im ila r m a te r ia ls — -----Leather and leath er p r o d u c ts -------------------------------Food and kindred products ___ ____ ___ T obacco m anu factures _ ---------------------__ P aper and allie d products --------- „ ----P rinting, publishing, and allie d i n d u s t r ie s -------C h em icals and a llie d products _________ P e trole u m refining and related in d u s t r ie s _____ Rubber and m isc e lla n e o u s p la s tic s products P r o fe ssio n a l, scie n tific , and con trolling in stru m en ts; photographic and optical goods; w atches and clock s _______ _ _______ M iscella n eo u s m anufacturing in d u stries . __ Nonm anufacturing _ __ _____ _ A g ric u ltu re, f o r e s tr y , and f is h e r ie s „ __ __ Mining _ — -------C ontract con struction _ __ ' __ ___ __ W h olesa le and re ta il trade _ F in ance, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate _ T ransportation, com m unication, e le c tr ic , g a s, and san itary s e r v ic e s — __ ----S e r v ic e s _ _ __ __ G ove rnm ent __ _ __ __ __ _ Arizona M an -d a ys idle during 1959 (a ll stoppages) Stoppages beginning in 1959 W ork ers N um ber involved __ Manufacturing ___ __ ___ _ __ P r im a r y m e ta l indu stries _ __ _ ___ __ F a b ricated m e ta l products, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation eq u ip m e n t____ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s _ — __ __ ----------E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and sup plies _ — ----------------- --------M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l _ _ __ _________ T ransportation equipment __ _ __ ______ L u m ber and wood products, except furniture _ __ _ _ _____ Fu rniture and fixtu res ____ _ __ _____ Stone, clay, and g la s s products _____ T e xtile m ill products __ __ _________ __ A p p are l and other finished products m ade fr o m fa b r ic s and sim ila r m a te r ia ls _ ________ Leather and leath er products _ _ _ Food and kindred products ____ ___ ____ T obacco m anu factures __ __ __ ___ Paper and a llie d products _____ _____ ________ P rinting, publishing, and allie d in d u s t r ie s _____ C h em icals and allie d products _ ------------------P e trole u m refining and related in d u s t r ie s _____ Rubber and m iscella n eo u s p la stic s p r o d u c ts ___ P r o fe ssio n a l, scien tific , and con trolling in stru m en ts; photographic and optical goods; w atches and c l o c k s _________ _____ M iscella n eou s m anufacturing in d u stries _______ N on m an u factu rin g__ _ A g ric u ltu re, fo r e s tr y , and f i s h e r i e s __ Mining — _______ _ ___ _ _ __ _ C ontract con struction ____________ _ __ __ W h olesale and r e ta il trade — — -----------------Finance, insurance, and r e a l estate ___________ Transportation, com m unication, e le c tr ic , ga s, and san itary s e r v i c e s _____ ____ _____ S e rv ices _______ :________ _ _ ___ __________ G overnm ent ____ ___ __ ___ __ ___ ______ See footnotes at end of table. Stoppages beginning M an -d a ys idle during in 1959 W ork ers 1959 (a ll N um ber involved stoppages) 73 51, 300 2, 480, 000 28 30, 600 1, 4 30, 000 25 3, 170 71, 000 44 40, 000 2, 160, 000 7 2, 240 1 6 7 ,0 0 0 17 2, 690 65, 800 13 24, 500 1, 740, 000 5 2, 190 165, 000 4 - 1, 970 - 70, 000 . 2 _ 40 . 1, 540 - _ - _ _ _ _ 3 3 410 6, 050 1, 800 159, 000 - - _ _ _ _ 4 _ 470 *1 , 820 _ 6, 520 1 7 1 60 _ 760 2, 100 1, 2 2, 22, 44, 700 100 600 100 _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 2 „ 80 70 450 _ 530 3, 490 7, 800 _ 2 4 1 3 1 1 300 1, 020 650 820 20 1, 240 24, 400 1 4 ,8 0 0 1, 300 8, 790 1, 470 48, 300 _ . - _ - _ _ _ _ _ - 1 3 _ _ _ 2 2 180 360 _ _ _ 440 650 540 _ 7, 950 _ _ _ 35, 700 1, 440 1 70 1, 430 - 32 11, 300 3 1 9 ,0 0 0 _ _ _ 10 12 5 - 7, 530 2, 520 580 - 3 1 1 580 20 70 - - - - - - - - - - 24 2 8 ,3 0 0 1, 270, 000 8 480 5, 230 _ _ . 293, 000 11, 800 4, 410 - 5 15 4 - 7, 410 1 9 ,6 0 0 1, 320 _ 706, 000 520, 000 30, 8 00 _ 1 6 1 _ 150 290 40 _ 1, 910 2, 860 280 _ 5, 220 770 3, 380 - - 29, 760 _ _ _ _ 2 180 _ - " - " - - California A ll in d u strie s Arkansas M an -d a ys idle during 1959 (a ll stoppages) Colorado Connecticut 260 102, 000 3, 340, 000 30 22, 400 750, 000 68 20, 500 384, 000 138 58, 700 2, 560, 000 12 10, 100 660, 000 38 15, 700 3 1 9 ,0 0 0 12 17, 400 1, 310, 000 2 7, 470 612, 000 4 3, 110 88, 500 19 1 5, 900 200 336, 000 200 1 - 70 - 1, 510 _ 6 1 2, 150 460 61, 000 14, 700 7 12 10 2, 700 560 8, 460 65, 200 1 6 , 900 2 6 9 ,0 0 0 1 1 650 60 7, 800 10, 200 5 2 1 1, 460 770 1, 280 31, 500 23, 200 1, 280 9 10 7 2 1, 110 1, 770 3, 910 90 4 1 ,6 0 0 25, 700 63, 600 1, 860 1 - 80 _ - 1, 920 _ - 1 2 2 5 10 110 20 760 190 260 390 6, 980 4 1 23 4 4 8 5 140 90 5, 780 _ 1, 060 1 ,8 1 0 570 6, 310 12, 900 170 103, 000 _ 7, 790 80, 000 25, 100 181, 000 5 _ - 1, 720 _ - - - _ 26, 100 _ _ _ - 1 _ 3 _ 2 1 _ 2 60 _ 550 _ 20 20 _ 4, 760 440 14, 300 _ _ 580 130 _ 74, 900 1 3 20 830 70 20, 800 1 90 _ 360 _ 1 _ 130 _ 1, 170 123 43, 600 777, 000 18 12, 200 90, 100 30 4, 860 64, 800 6 1 53 24 1 1, 000 250 9, 020 23, 200 50 4 0 ,9 0 0 320 101, 000 414, 000 430 1 1 13 1 500 90 1 1 ,5 0 0 50 23, 000 940 57, 500 780 - - _ 16 4 3, 490 50 36, 800 4, 760 - - _ _ _ _ 22 16 " 9, 360 790 “ 201, 000 20, 300 1 1 10 30 “ 7, 800 130 7 1 2 800 400 120 4, 950 16, 800 1, 480 ” - 33 TABLE A-3. WORK STOPPAGES IN STATES HAVING 25 OR MORE STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 1959— Continued Florida Industry group Indiana Illinois Stoppages beginning in 1959 W o rk ers N um ber involved M an -d a ys Stoppages beginning idle during in 1959 W o rk e rs 1959 (a ll N um ber involved stoppages) M an -d a ys Stoppages beginning idle during in 1959 W o rk e rs 1959 (all N um ber involved stoppages) M an -d a ys idle during 1959 (all stoppages) A ll indu stries ----------------------------------------------------------- 99 2 7 ,1 0 0 2 76, 000 231 112, 000 4 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 153 117, 000 5, 6 20, 000 M a n u fa c tu rin g ________________________________ 34 1 0 ,9 0 0 1 6 3 ,0 0 0 119 67, 000 3 ,3 1 0 ,0 0 0 94 107, 000 5 ,4 7 0 ,0 0 0 P r im a r y m etal indu stries ________ ____________ F a b rica ted m etal products, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transportation equipment ___ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ________________________ E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and supplies _____________________________________________ M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l _____________________ T ransportation equipm ent ________________________ L u m b e r and wood products, excep t furniture ---------------------------------------------------Fu rniture and fixtu res ______________________ ______ Stone, c la y , and gla ss products _________________ T e xtile m ill products __________ ________________ A p p are l and other finished products made fr o m fa b ric s and s im ila r m a te ria ls ---------------L e a th e r and leather products _____________________ Food and kindred products _______________________ T o b acco m anufactures _____________________________ P a p er and allie d products ________________________ P rin tin g, publishing, and allie d indu stries _________________________________ _______ C h e m ic a ls and allie d products ___________________ P e tr o le u m refining and related indu stries _____ R ubber and m iscella n eou s p lastics p r o d u c t s __ P r o fe s s io n a l, sc ie n tific , and con trollin g in stru m en ts; photographic and optical goods; w atches and clock s ______________________ M iscella n eou s manufacturing indu stries _______ ! 120 240 13 26, 800 2 ,0 4 0 ,0 0 0 20 5 9 ,8 0 0 4 , 5 5 0 ,0 0 0 7 - 3, 270 - 4 4 ,4 0 0 - 21 - 1 1 ,0 0 0 - 3 62, 000 - 16 - 9, 570 - 2 6 7 ,0 0 0 - 2 1 70 70 580 8, 500 5 22 5 2, 130 8, 720 1 ,4 6 0 2 4 ,1 0 0 536, 000 3, 280 3 9 9 4, 490 3, 440 8, 120 5 1 ,7 0 0 1 0 1 ,0 0 0 1 1 8 ,0 0 0 1 5 - 10 170 - 20 8, 700 - 2 9 1 140 2, 840 50 2 20 1, 180 2 9 ,0 0 0 350 2 9 15 - 510 1, 490 4, 270 - 3 ,9 2 0 2 2 ,1 0 0 8 5 ,0 0 0 - 5 3 4 110 1, 200 5, 310 7 , 650 1 7 ,1 0 0 6 9 ,5 0 0 3 2 11 2 90 870 5 ,9 4 0 250 4 , 100 1, 330 1 1 0 ,0 0 0 3 ,4 6 0 2 5 2 790 890 200 6, 610 2 8 ,9 0 0 2 ,2 5 0 2 3 - 60 550 - 2, 340 4 , 120 - 3 7 4 4 no 1 ,9 0 0 3, 360 630 1, 170 1 2 1 ,0 0 0 3 5 ,2 0 0 2 3 ,3 0 0 1 2 3 490 5, 800 7 ,4 8 0 1 ,5 0 0 6 8 ,2 0 0 1 6 1 ,0 0 0 - - - 450 200 6, 320 2, 710 - - 2 4 - - - 66 16, 100 1 1 3 ,0 0 0 113 4 5 ,5 0 0 1 ,0 8 0 , 000 60 9 ,4 1 0 1 5 9 ,0 0 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 43 10 - 800 1 0 ,5 0 0 220 - 3 4 ,3 0 0 5 3 ,0 0 0 3, 770 - _ 7 55 20 - 620 38, 300 1, 280 - 3, 350 9 2 8 , 000 68, 300 - 4 26 10 - 1, 140 4 , 140 360 - 4 , 190 6 4 ,0 0 0 13, 100 ' - 8 3 “ 4, 300 350 2 0 ,7 0 0 1 ,0 2 0 20 10 2 4 , 200 1, 040 60 68, 100 9, 880 120 11 5 4 3, 390 120 270 7 5 , 100 1 ,4 1 0 690 63 2 4 ,6 0 0 5 4 1 ,0 0 0 26 6, 440 64, 700 83 3 0 ,2 0 0 M a n u fa ctu rin g ________________________________ 41 1 8 ,0 0 0 4 1 5 ,0 0 0 15 5, 950 54, 300 23 9, 140 6 1 5 ,0 0 0 P r im a r y m etal industries ________________________ F a b ricated m etal products, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation equipment ___ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ________________________ E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and supplies _____________________________________________ M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l _____________________ T ransportation equipment ________________________ L u m b er and wood prod u cts, except furniture ____________________________________________ Furniture and fixtu res _____________________________ Stone, c la y , and gla ss products _________________ T e xtile m ill products ______________________________ A p p are l and other finished products made fr o m fa b rics and sim ila r m a te ria ls ___________ L e a th er and leather products _____________________ Food and kindred products _______________________ To b acco m anufactures _____________________________ P aper and a llie d products ................ ............................ P rin tin g, publishing, and allie d indu stries ____ C h e m ic a ls and allied products ___________________ P e tr o le u m refining and related indu stries _____ Rubber and m iscella n eo u s p la stics products ___ P r o fe ssio n a l, sc ie n tific , and con trollin g in stru m en ts; photographic and optical goods; watches and clock s ______________________ M iscella n eou s m anufacturing indu stries _______ 2 50 370 . . . 2 5, 530 4 2 3 ,0 0 0 3 1 250 1 ,0 7 0 1 ,2 9 0 1 ,0 7 0 3 1 160 20 8, 770 270 3 - 840 - 6 2 ,8 0 0 - 2 7 1 1, 180 3, 020 70 2 4 ,3 0 0 6 4 ,6 0 0 980 1 3 1 30 270 2, 940 60 7, 230 5, 410 2 4 - 400 1. 060 - 6, 720 8 9 ,7 0 0 - 2 5 - 260 370 - 1 0 ,3 0 0 5, 680 - 3 - 210 - 3, 540 - 1 2 3 - 340 160 580 - 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,8 2 0 2 5 ,0 0 0 - 13 1 2 8, 520 150 no 2 ,9 5 0 2 2 2 ,0 0 0 750 380 8 2 ,8 0 0 1 1 - 20 500 - 140 2 3 ,5 0 0 - 3 - 1 ,7 0 0 - - 5, 400 50 10 170 - - N on m an u factu rin g ___________________________ A g r ic u ltu r e , fo r e s tr y , and fish e r ie s ___________ M in in g -------------------------------------------------------------------------C on tract c o n s tr u c tio n ______________________________ W h olesale and retail trade __ _____________________ F in ance, in su ran ce, and rea l estate -----------------Tran sp o rtatio n , com m u nication, e le c tr ic , g a s, and san itary s e r v ic e s ______________________ S e r v ic e s -------------------------------------------------------------- -----G overnm ent __________________________________________ _ Iowa A ll indu stries _____________ _________________________ Nonm anufacturing ___________________________ A g r ic u ltu r e , fo r e s t r y , and fish e r ie s ___________ M in in g ________________________________________________ C on tract c o n s tr u c tio n ___________ _____ ____________ W h o lesa le and retail trade _______________________ F in ance, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate ___________ Tran sp o rtatio n , com m u nication, e le c t r i c , gas, and san itary s e r v ic e s ______________________ S e r v ic e s ________ ________ ____________________________ G o v e r n m e n t__________________________________________ See footnotes at end of table. - 2 Kentucky Kansas - 1 1, 800 - - 1 3 - 1, 2 2 0 ,0 0 0 - 120 1 ,5 8 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22 6, 570 126, 000 11 490 1 0 ,4 0 0 61 21, 100 6 1 0 ,0 0 0 _ _ _ _ - - - - - 6, 170 no 1 0 7 ,0 0 0 3, 390 200 290 1, 120 9, 230 - - - - - - 250 40 10 1 0 ,3 0 0 4 , 950 20 - - - 4 1 1 _ - 17 2 - 1 1 1 6 5 - - - _ 35 16 4 _ 19, 300 930 480 _ 5 9 3 ,0 0 0 7, 770 3, 890 - - 330 10 40 4 ,9 8 0 10 180 34 TABLE A-3. WORK STOPPAGES IN STATES HAVING 25 OR MORE STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 19591— Continued Louisiana Stoppages beginning in 1959 W o rk e rs N um ber involved Industry group A ll in d u stries M anufacturing P r im a r y m e ta l indu stries _ F a b ricated m etal products, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transportation e q u ip m e n t ___ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipment, and supplies M ach in ery, excep t e le c tr ic a l Tran sportation equipment Lum ber and wood products, except furniture Fu rniture and fixtu res _ Stone, cla y , and g la s s products __ _ T e xtile m ill products A p p a re l and other finished products m ade fr o m fa b r ic s and sim ila r m a te r ia ls Leather and leather products Food and kindred products To b acco m anu factures Paper and a llie d products P rinting, publishing, and allie d in d u stries _____ C h e m ica ls and allie d products P e tr ole u m refining and related in d u strie s _____ Rubber and m isc e lla n e o u s p la stic s p r o d u c ts ___ P r o fe ssio n a l, sc ie n tific , and con trolling in stru m en ts; photographic and op tical goods; w atches and clock s M isc e lla n e o u s m anufacturing in d u stries Nonm anufacturing Mining C ontract con struction W h o lesa le and r e ta il trade Fin ance, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate T ransportation, com m unication, e le c tr ic , g a s, and san itary s e r v ic e s — ------------------------------S e rv ic e s _ G overn m ent Maryland M an -d a ys idle during 1959 (a ll stoppages) Stoppages beginning in 1959 W o rk e rs N um ber involved — .. ...... - __ ___ ______ ____ ________ ___ P r im a r y m e ta l indu stries F a b ricated m e ta l products, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation e q u ip m e n t-----Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and ----------------sup plies M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l T ransportation equipment _ Lu m ber and wood products, except furn itu re _ Fu rniture and fix tu re s Stone, clay, and g la s s products - — __ T e xtile m ill products __ _ — «___ A p p are l and other finished products m ade fr o m fa b r ic s and sim ila r m a te r ia ls Leather and leather products Food and kindred products __ _ _ To b acco m anu factures Paper and allie d products P rinting, publishing, and allie d in d u stries _ ___ C h em icals and allie d products _______ P e trole u m refining and related in d u s tr ie s _____ Rubber and m isc e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p r o d u c ts ___ P r o fe ssio n a l, scie n tific , and con trolling in stru m en ts; photographic and op tical good s; w atches and clock s M isc e lla n e o u s m anufacturing in d u stries Nonma mi-far'tii-ring ---- A g ric u ltu re , f o r e s tr y , and f is h e r ie s Mining .... ........ .......................... ........ ..............................- F in ance, in su ran ce, and r e a l estate . T ran sportation , com m u nication, e le c tr ic , g a s , and san itary s e r v ic e s . . . ..... ..... G overn m ent __________________ , See footnotes at end of table. ........... ......... Stoppagesi beginning M an -d a ys idle during 1959 W o rk e rs 1959 (a ll Num ber involved stoppages) 36 17, 500 286, 000 38 38, 300 2, 440, 000 134 43, 000 909, 000 11 3, 250 1 6 8 ,0 0 0 16 31, 8 00 2, 400, 000 91 36, 600 702, 000 «. _ _ 4 29, 100 2, 340, 000 6 4, 470 280, 000 2 - 260 - 19, 600 - 2 - 900 - 5, 160 - 9 - 2, 340 - 42, 000 - 2 1, 340 62, 700 1 450 2, 700 6 6 3 7, 280 1, 650 2, 570 82, 300 27, 400 23, 000 1 2 - 10 630 - 280 76, 000 - 1 2 2 1 40 510 130 90 460 5, 170 23, 400 1, 120 2 5 9 120 580 1, 420 1, 380 12, 100 15, 700 3 1 - 410 600 - 5, 430 4, 060 - 1 1 2 - 20 70 430 - 880 1, 660 19, 300 - 9 14 6 1 4 4 5 420 1, 670 2, 860 40 5, 040 310 4, 980 3, 620 9 .9 8 0 26, 900 _ 9. 930 33, 800 4, 140 _ 104, 000 - 1 2 370 4 60 5, 180 20, 500 6, 470 207, 000 - - - - - - - - - - 26 14, 300 1 1 8 ,0 0 0 24 6, 510 47, 900 45 . . _ . _ . _ 1 11 2 - 80 1, 860 110 - 3, 400 1 9 ,3 0 0 7, 960 - 1 6 7 1 50 3, 110 130 10 600 23, 400 2, 9 20 30 21 14 - 3, 350 1, 090 - 31, 200 26. 000 . 10 1 1 12, 200 10 20 87, 200 60 20 6 3 - 3, 040 170 18, 200 2, 710 * 8 2 1, 940 90 148, 000 1, 750 - Michigan A ll in d u strie s Massachusetts M an -d a ys idle during 1959 ( a ll stopp ages) Missouri Minnesota 172 8 3 ,5 0 0 2, 6 8 0 , 000 73 39, 100 1. 8 7 0 , 000 105 24, 600 9 35. 000 99 56, 100 1, 940, 000 37 13, 200 541, 000 58 15, 400 6 74, 000 18 21, 400 1, 310, 000 2 2 ,9 4 0 244, 000 2 690 243, 000 16 2 3, 440 2, 620 76, 600 3, 220 4 1 660 1, 150 39, 000 33, 300 8 - 1 ,6 5 0 - 41, 200 - 3 9 16 500 1, 570 9, 520 10, 300 133, 000 132, 000 1 9 - 70 1, 090 - 1, 910 22, 9 00 - 1 7 4 50 9 40 1, 230 450 51, 200 11, 200 1 5 2 - 50 370 120 - 1, 460 9, 580 3, 860 - 4 _ 2 - 410 250 - 6, 260 9, 450 - 6 6 1 1, 070 820 230 7, 900 72, 600 460 1 6 8 4 3 1 1 70 670 . 3, 750 6, 410 170 20 3, 780 290 360 000 400 350 100 400 1 _ 7 _ 1 1 3 1 1 90 6, 010 _ 120 10 110 250 30 800 170, 000 1, 240 10 320 10, 8 00 120 1 1 8 _ 1 6 2 1 10 40 1, 070 _ 30 5, 750 680 760 _ 110 1, 890 22, 100 _ 410 117, 000 1, 670 94, 200 - 2 2 590 1, 050 11, 700 5, 450 - - - - - - 1 3 60 350 5, 460 3, 560 75 27, 400 739, 000 37 25, 900 1, 330, 000 48 9. 220 261, 000 2 20 11 . 3, 050 1 ,5 8 0 3, 330 . 7 3 ,9 0 0 4, 130 1 3 9 ,0 0 0 - 9 4 3 910 240 _ 4, 146, 20, 9, 60, _ . 3 48 7 1 6, 530 18, 100 4 10 250 4 9 9 ,0 0 0 201, 000 13, 300 1, 750 3 19 4 . 12 5 1, 740 340 13, 300 10, 200 10 2 - " * 1 14, 500 1, 140, 000 64, 800 5, 100 3 ,8 5 0 _ 8 2 ,7 8 0 « 2 , 350 100 4 3 ,5 0 0 2, 040 - - . no . 42, 300 1, 310 310 35 TABLE A-3. WORK STOPPAGES IN STATES HAVING 25 OR MORE STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 1959i - Continued Industry group Nebraska New Jersey Stoppages beginning M an -d a ys idle during in 1959 W o rk ers 1959 (all Num ber involved stoppages) Stoppages beginning M an -d a ys idle during in 1959 W o rk e rs 1959 (a ll Number stoppages) involved 25 A ll indu stries M anufacturing F a b ricated m e ta l prod u cts, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation equ ipm ent----Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipment, and supplies M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l Transportation equipment Lum ber and wood products, except furniture Furniture and fixtu res Stone, clay, and g la s s products T e xtile m ill products A p p are l and other finished products m ade fr o m fa b r ic s and sim ila r m a te r ia ls Leather and leather products Food and kindred products ___ T obacco m anufactures Paper and a llie d products Printing, publishing, and a llie d indu stries -----C h em icals and a llie d products P etrole u m refining and related in d u stries ____ Rubber and m isc e lla n e o u s p la stic s p r o d u c ts__ P r o fe ssio n a l, scien tific , and con trolling in stru m en ts; photographic and optical goods; w atches and clock s M iscella n eou s m anufacturing i n d u s t r ie s ______ Nonm anufacturing _________________________ A g ric u ltu re, fo r e s tr y , and fis h e r ie s _ — Mining ------------------------------------ ------------___ _ ___ C ontract c o n str u c tio n _____ W h olesa le and r e ta il trade _ _ _ _ _ _ F in ance, insurance, and r e a l estate -------T ransportation, com m unication, e le c tr ic , g a s, and san itary s e r v i c e s ___ __ __ _____ S e r v ic e s ______ __ _______ _____ ____ G overn m ent _____ __ ___ 8, 710 173, 000 249 10 7, 220 147, 000 166 M an -d a ys idle during 1959 (a ll stoppages) 1, 980, 000 470 1 5 8 ,0 0 0 4, 520, 000 67, 400 1, 540, 000 304 95, 400 3, 560, 000 97, 200 1 200 15, 600 16 7, 910 500, 000 12 30, 000 2, 380, 000 - - 18 - _ 3, 880 - 193, 000 _ 29 - 5, 070 - 88, 800 - 1 30 - 13 15 2 9, 720 120 10, 900 4, 010 1 2 9 ,0 0 0 316, 000 5, 210 17 30 13 1, 580 7, 780 9, 460 3 9 ,1 0 0 12 9, 000 143, 000 1 - 20 _ 130 _ - 1 6 12 16 20 300 2, 270 8, 810 200 2, 150 3 9 ,7 0 0 33, 800 6 21 18 15 190 4, 020 4, 040 5, 050 900 130, 000 71, 700 24, 800 7 - 6, 970 - 131, 000 _ _ - 9 1 9 _ 8 4 16 2 10 380 10 4, 480 3, 030 310 4, 230 710 4, 240 6, 540 130 76, 500 68, 100 5, 190 82, 700 2, 130 59, 800 39 6 24 12 2 9 2 7 2, 420 290 15, 300 2, 240 20 1, 520 500 470 19, 100 7, 650 320, 000 99, 800 310 35, 000 2, 450 1 2 ,8 0 0 - - - - " - 2 7 40 2, 120 3, 660 11, 700 9 33 3, 170 2, 280 36, 200 16, 100 15 1, 490 26, 200 84 29, 800 4 4 6 ,0 0 0 168 62, 900 95 6 , 000 14 1 - 1, 410 80 - _ _ 4, 490 1, 460 - _ 30 26 3 9, 240 4, 880 70 135, 000 95, 300 590 4 43 56 3 2, 400 5, 400 20, 000 340 153, 47, 467, 1, . _ _ 2 20, 200 - 17 6 2 14, 800 360 400 211, 000 2, 010 1, 490 36 25 2 31, 300 2, 960 550 223, 000 62, 400 1, 810 - - - Ohio A ll indu stries New York Stoppages beginning in 1959 W ork ers N um ber involved _ Oregon . 000 300 000 050 Pennsylvania 391 238, 000 9, 630, 000 41 9, 060 230, 000 454 332, 000 14, 8 00, 000 266 204, 000 8, 990, 000 20 7, 290 200, 000 286 2 7 7 ,0 0 0 13, 90 0 , 000 51 106, 000 6, 550, 000 ! 100 7, 590 47 19 0, 000 12, 000, 000 43 2 22, 200 950 549, 000 19, 400 2 - 380 _ 5, 770 _ 53 3 17, 300 610 584, 000 14, 900 9 34 15 3, 890 1 1 ,2 0 0 7, 310 161, 000 335, 000 9 1 , 500 1 2 . 130 1, 100 2, 730 41, 100 16 29 7 11, 300 15, 800 5, 030 154, 000 289, 000 33. 8 00 3 4 38 . 210 2, 770 13, 100 2, 8 2 0 149, 000 210, 000 6 3, 490 66, 300 _ . 2 • 270 11, 900 4 18 22 11 1, 230 2, 050 5, 930 1 ,9 6 0 5 1 15 1, 180 180 4, 570 6, 020 180 86, 000 1 50 3, 350 4 490 15, 200 150 1, 050 3, 950 • 22. 700 8 , 360 9* 910 39, 5 00 1, 280 4 5, 900 11, 600 580 3, 120 900 310 700 890 115, 000 8, 750 8 5, 200 6, 300 7. 830 3 .6 8 0 2 5 ,8 0 0 • 1 • • 29 4 14 1 4 4 to • « 6 9 8 ,0 0 0 • 8 4 , 430 147,. 000 6 880 2. 3 9 0 3 ,8 9 0 7 1 ,4 0 0 « • * * « 3 2 2. 9 8 8 150 75, 500 3, 270 — __ 126 34. 100- 633* 000 21 1, 770 3 0 ,2 0 0 169 55, 000 8 7 4 , 000 A g r ic u lt u r e , f o r e s t r y , and f is h e r ie s ....... — M in in g TITT1- . r- . , . Ti r..'..-1T- - rT- n.., ., ------ - .T. C o n t ra c t c o n s t ru c tio n _ ................— . . W h o le sa le and r e t a il tra d e F in a n c e , in s u ra n c e , and r e a l estate ...... T ra n s p o rt a tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , e le c t r ic . ga», and san itary s e r v ic e s ^ - - ■ -, r »............. 1 5 49 34 *- 510 U lo o 18. 000 6, 130 . 510 1, 580 240, 000 8 4, 900 . * l 12 2 . 40 1 ,0 9 0 70 • 8 80 20, 600 870 . 28 56 42 2 1 4 ,8 0 0 1 1 , too 1 ,8 6 0 50 4 0 7 , 0002 0 6 . 000 4 4 ,6 0 0 470 18 18 2 6 , 040 2, 270 40 291, 000 13, 800 120 5 l 520 50 *- " 6, 390 1, 450 * 33 8 2 25, 800 1, 210 200 2 0 1 ,0 0 0 15, 100 450 M anufacturing P r im a r y m e ta l in d u strie s ___ F a b ricated m e ta l p roducts, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation e q u ip m e n t...... Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and s u p p lie s ---- ---- -------------- ---- - ............. M a c h in e r y , ex ce p t e l e c t r ic a l T ra n s p o rt a tio n eq uip m e n t L u m b e r and wood p ro d u c ts . e x ce p t furn itu re — .-. ----------------------- ■r Stone, c la y , and g la s s p ro d u c ts — .......... T e x t ile m i l l p ro d u c ts - ----- -A p p a re l and o th e r fin is h e d p ro d u c ts m ad e fr o m f a b r i c s and s im il a r m a t e r ia ls ----- r L e a t h e r an d le a t h e r p r o d u c t s Food and kindred products . . . __ _________ ___ _ T o b a c c o m a n u fa c tu re s ____ ___ P a p e r and a llie d p ro d u c ts -n,.... P r in t in g , p u b lish in g ,a n d a llie d in d u s t r i e s ____ . C h e m ic a ls and a llie d p ro d u c ts , - T..n-r-rT^-,_--I-T-,, P e t r o le u m r e fin in g and re la t e d in d u s t r ie s R u b b e r and m is c e lla n e o u s p la s t ic s p r o d u c t s ^ . P r o f e s s io n a l, s c ie n t if ic , and c o n t r o llin g in s t ru m e n t s ; p h o to g ra p h ic and o p t ic a l go o d s; w a tch e s and c lo c k s __________ _______ — M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s t r ie s N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g S e rv ic e s T-, --G o v e r n m e n t______ -rr— - - , _____ _____________________ . . Sec footnotes at end of table. • 1 6 U . 21 4 . . . _ . • . . _ _ • « * * . . _ . . • * • • 4, 34, 276, 14, 160 600 000 700 36 TABLE A-3. WORK STOPPAGES IN STATES HAVING 25 OR MORE STOPPAGES BY INDUSTRY GROUP, 1959!-Con»inued Tennessee Industry group Stoppages beginning in 1959 W o rk e rs N um ber involved Virginia Texas M an -d a ys idle during 1959 (all stopp ages) Stoppages beginning in 1959 W o rk ers N um ber involved M an -d a ys idle during 1959 (all stopp ages) Stoppages beginning in 1959 W o rk e rs N um ber involved M a n -d a y s idle during 1959 (all stoppages) A ll indu stries _______________________________________ 60 1 8 ,7 0 0 4 6 2 ,0 0 0 75 3 0 ,4 0 0 1 ,3 1 0 ,0 0 0 53 1 5 ,0 0 0 1 1 3 ,0 0 0 M a n u fa c tu r in g ________________________________ 30 1 2 ,2 0 0 2 6 6 ,0 0 0 31 1 5 ,1 0 0 9 0 0 ,0 0 0 18 3 ,8 6 0 51, 700 P r im a r y m etal indu stries ------------------------------------F a b rica ted m etal pro d u cts, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation eq u ip m en t____ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ___________ ___________ E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and supplies -------------------------------------------------------------------M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l _______ ___________ Tran sp o rtatio n e q u ip m e n t_____ ________________ L u m b er and wood products, except furniture ___________________________________ Fu rniture and fixtu res ______ __ ________________ Stone, clay, and g la ss products __________________ T e xtile m ill products _______________ ____________ A p p arel and other finished products made fr o m fa b r ic s and s im ila r m a te r ia ls __________ L eather and leath er products _____________________ Food and kindred products _______________________ T o b acco m anu factures ______ ____________________ P aper and allie d products ________________________ P rin tin g, publishing, and a llie d in d u s t r ie s _____ C h e m ica ls and a llie d products ----------------------------P e tr o le u m refining and related in d u stries _____ Rubber and m isce lla n e o u s p lastics p r o d u c ts ___ P r o fe s s io n a l, scie n tific , and con trolling in stru m en ts; photographic and optical goods; watches and clock s ______________________ M iscella n eo u s m anufacturing in d u strie s _______ 4 2 , 850 3 4 ,4 0 0 7 4 , 650 3 8 1 ,0 0 0 3 860 4 ,2 2 0 3 _ 620 _ 2 1 ,0 0 0 _ 2 _ 660 _ 4 2 ,6 0 0 _ 3 _ 520 _ 3 3 ,1 0 0 _ 1 4 2 190 280 340 4, 370 1 4 ,5 0 0 2 ,0 3 0 1 8 _ 30 1 ,1 9 0 - 590 8 9 ,8 0 0 2 6 ,2 6 0 1 - 550 _ 550 _ 1 _ 5 1 60 _ 1, 760 750 1, 760 _ 9 ,1 8 0 3 ,0 0 0 _ 2 2 _ _ 130 240 _ _ 7 ,2 1 0 2 , 500 _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ 130 _ _ 3 _ 1 2 _ 2 _ _ 1 ,2 7 0 _ 20 710 _ 3 ,0 9 0 _ 4 1 , 700 _ 740 3, 720 _ 1 2 9 ,0 0 0 1 1 4 _ 2 2 - 160 590 1 ,1 4 0 _ 300 6 ,0 0 0 - 3 2 ,3 0 0 1, 180 3 8 ,6 0 0 _ 6 ,3 3 0 _ 2 9 2 ,0 0 0 _ 3 1 1 _ _ 3 1 _ _ 300 130 120 _ _ 50 1 ,2 1 0 _ _ 1 - 240 480 1 _ 20 _ 580 _ - _ - - Nonmanufac tur ing ___________________________ 31 6, 570 1 9 6 ,0 0 0 45 1 5 ,3 0 0 4 1 1 ,0 0 0 35 1 1 ,2 0 0 6 1 ,8 0 0 A g r ic u ltu r e , fo r e s t r y , and fish e r ie s ----------------M ining _________________________________ _________ __ C on tract con struction _____________________________ W h olesa le and reta il trade _______________________ F in an ce, in su ran ce, and read estate ___________ T ran sp o rtatio n , com m u nication, e le c t r ic , g a s , and san itary s e r v ic e s _______ ____________ S e r v ic e s ------------------------------------------------------------------G overn m ent ____ ___________________________________ _ 5 19 3 - „ 5 ,0 3 0 1 ,2 7 0 130 - _ 1 7 8 ,0 0 0 3 ,9 9 0 5, 900 - _ 4 24 11 - 470 9 ,0 0 0 350 _ 11, 600 3 2 7 ,0 0 0 1 1 ,9 0 0 _ 19 10 2 _ 5, 150 3 ,3 5 0 30 _ 1 4 ,7 0 0 2 5 , 500 250 _ 3 1 120 20 “ 8 ,5 6 0 80 6 _ 5 ,4 3 0 _ 6 0 ,4 0 0 _ 4 _ 2 ,6 4 0 _ 2 1 ,4 0 0 _ - " " - - " “ - Washington A ll in d u stries ------------------------------------------------------------ _ _ _ West Virginia _ _ 1 ,3 5 0 1 ,8 5 0 1 ,0 4 0 480 _ _ 3 ,0 9 0 6 ,0 5 0 _ _ Wisconsin 58 3 3 ,9 0 0 9 1 1 ,0 0 0 104 3 8 ,6 0 0 9 2 4 ,0 0 0 61 2 0 ,9 0 0 6 9 9 ,0 0 0 ----------------------------------------------- 21 1 5 ,8 0 0 6 3 5 ,0 0 0 35 1 7 ,3 0 0 4 9 1 ,0 0 0 37 1 6 ,2 0 0 5 8 5 ,0 0 0 P r im a r y m etal indu stries ------------------------------------F a b ricated m etal products, except ordnance, m ach in ery, and transp ortation e q u ip m e n t ___ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ________________________ E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and supplies ________ __________________________________ M ach in ery, except e le c tr ic a l ____________________ T r an sp ortation equipm ent ____ __________________ L u m b er and wood products, excep t furniture ___________________________________ Furniture and fixtu res __________ ________________ Stone, c la y , and gla ss products -------------------------T extile m ill products ------------------ --------------A p p are l and other finished products made fr o m fa b r ic s and sim ila r m a te r ia ls ---------------L e ath er and leather products -------------------------------Food and kindred products ____________________ __ T obacco m anu factures _ ____ _____ __ _________ P a p er and allie d products ________________________ P rin tin g, publishing, and a llie d indu stries -----C h em icals and a llie d products ___________________ P e tr o le u m refining and related in d u s t r ie s _____ Rubber and m isc e lla n e o u s p la stics p r o d u c ts __ P r o fe s s io n a l, scie n tific , and con trolling in stru m en ts; photographic and optical goods; watches and clo c k s ___________ _______ M iscella n eo u s m anufacturing indu stries _______ 5 3 ,0 9 0 2 2 1 ,0 0 0 6 5, 530 2 3 0 ,0 0 0 4 630 7, 730 1 - 960 - 59, 500 - 8 - 2 ,8 1 0 _ 77, 800 - 6 _ 890 _ 2 6, 700 _ 2 2 1 ,3 0 0 4 , 830 67, 800 2 3 5 ,0 0 0 1 1 _ 50 140 2 ,8 1 0 6 ,2 1 0 1 4 2 60 8 ,1 1 0 120 1 0 ,3 0 0 4 1 9 ,0 0 0 5 ,2 9 0 8 2 - 5, 000 480 - 3 9 ,0 0 0 7 ,6 8 0 - 1 10 - 270 5 , 820 _ _ 820 1 1 9 ,0 0 0 - 1 3 1 _ 160 150 10 _ 650 3 ,4 8 0 500 _ _ 1 1 ,8 0 0 3 4 ,8 0 0 3 , 150 9 ,2 3 0 _ _ 4 1 ,2 0 0 Manufacturing - - - _ 3 _ 1 _ _ 120 _ 30 _ _ 3, 530 _ _ 660 _ _ 1 1 . _ 6 . _ 370 140 1 ,2 8 0 _ _ _ 3, 830 1 ,3 8 0 _ 3 1 ,0 0 0 . _ _ 1 5 _ 2 2 _ 3 _ 200 1 ,4 9 0 _ 540 910 _ _ 2 ,7 5 0 - - - 1 860 18, 9 0 0 1 1 120 20 1 0 ,1 0 0 320 Nonm anufacturing ----------------------------------------- 37 1 8 ,1 0 0 2 7 6 ,0 0 0 70 2 1 ,3 0 0 4 3 2 ,0 0 0 24 4 , 780 1 1 5 ,0 0 0 A g r ic u ltu r e , fo r e s t r y , and fish e r ie s ___________ M ining -------------------------------------------------------------------------C ontract c o n s t r u c t io n ___________ ________________ W h olesale and retail trade _____ ________________ F in an ce, in su ran ce, and real estate ___________ T ran sp ortation , com m u nication, e le c tr ic , g a s, and san itary se r v ic e s _____________________ S e r v ic e s ______________________________________________ G overn m ent ______________________ ________________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 5 16, 800 340 2 5 8 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 6 0 49 14 2 1 5 ,0 0 0 5, 920 60 3 1 8 ,0 0 0 8 9, 500 9 ,2 9 0 1 8 9 840' 3 ,0 6 0 480 6 8 ,8 0 0 3 3 ,1 0 0 1 0 ,2 0 0 1 2 than are w ork e rs - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ 9 2 2 850 110 40 1 6 ,0 0 0 220 180 4 1 340 20 1 4 ,9 0 0 1, 120 6 1 - 310 90 2 ,3 2 0 310 " - No w ork stoppages w ere reco rd ed during 1959 for the industry groups for which no data are p resen ted . Idleness in 1959 resu lting fro m stoppages that began in 1958 . In som e other c a s e s , the m a n -d a y s of id len ess m ay r e fe r to m ore stoppages shown for the State and industry group since the m an -d a y figu res r e fe r to all strik e s in e ffe c t, w hereas the num ber of stoppages and r e fe r s only to stoppages beginning in the y e a r . N O T E : Stoppages extending into 2 or m ore industry groups have been counted in each industry group affected ; w orkers involved and m an -d a ys idle w ere allocated among the resp ective grou p s. B ecau se of rounding, sum s of individual item s m ay not equal to ta ls. 37 A ppendix B*. The 1959 Steel Strike, T h ree-y ea r contracts in the b a sic steel industry, negotiated by the United Steel w ork ers of A m erica (A F L -C IO ) in 1956 after a 36-day strike, w ere scheduled to expire on June 30, 1959. The negotiation of new contracts was accom plished after the largest strike, m easured in term s of size and duration, in the history of the United States. The strike d irectly involved 519, 000 w ork ers and resulted in 41. 9 m illion m an-days of idleness, a volum e of idleness exceeded by the total for all stoppages in only 3 of the past 30 y ears. Secondary idleness in industries dependent on steel operations is not accounted for in these figu res. The purpose of this appendix is not to present an analysis of the strike but rather to provide a r e co rd of the strik e ls m ore significant developm ents and its industrial and g e o graphical dim ensions. The fir s t part, a chronology, was drawn principally from newspaper accounts and the public rep orts issued by the Board of Inquiry appointed by the President. The second part, consisting of three tables which have not h eretofore been published, was constructed from the data co llected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for this annual report. Part I. The Strike Chronology Prenegotiation sparring January-F ebruary—M arch Indications of an impending dispute over new contract term s becam e evident early in 1959. P relim in ary tactics w ere confined to general statements, tending to show how far apart industry and union w ere likely to be in their initial contacts. Company spokesm en expressed their opposition to "in flation ary" wage boosts. Steel production ro se as consum ers built up inventories. F oreign com petition, which was to be cited many tim es in the loom ing dispute, was introduced by p rod u cers as a factor to be considered in negotiations. P resident Eisenhow er, in a February p ress con feren ce, stated that "I have always urged that wage in crea ses should be m easured by in crea se of productivity, and I think there would be no inflationary effect if they w ere m easured by that criterion . " A pril 1 K aiser Steel Corp. , replacing Pittsburgh Steel Co. , joined the "big tw elve" co m panies who w ere to participate in negotiations scheduled to begin May 18. 12 Individual c o m pany m eetings with represen tatives of the United Steelw orkers of A m erica w ere scheduled fo r the week of May 18, after which talks would be re ce sse d until June 1. At that time, negotiations w ere to be resum ed, to be handled for the industry by representatives from three of the com panies----United States Steel, Republic Steel, and Bethlehem Steel— instead of by the 12 m ajor p rod u cers. R epresentatives from the same three top p rod u cers also handled the 1956 negotiations. R. Conrad Cooper, of U. S. Steel, was to lead the industry!s bargaining group, which also included R. Heath Larry, of U. S. Steel, H. C. Lumb, counsel for Republic Steel, and John H. M orse, counsel fo r Bethlehem Steel. David J. McDonald was to head the union negotiators, a ssisted by Howard R. Hague, union v ice president, I. W. Abel, secretary , and Arthur J. Goldberg, general counsel. 12 United States Steel Corp. , Bethlehem Steel Corp. , Republic Steel Corp. , Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. , Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. , Inland Steel Co. , A rm co Steel Corp. , Great Lakes Steel Corp. , K aiser Steel Corp. , C olorado Fuel and Iron Corp. , Wheeling Steel Corp. , and Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp. 38 A p ril 10 A 1-year extension of current wages and other benefits was proposed in a letter sent by the 12 com panies to the union president. It was also prop osed that c o s t-o f-liv in g escalator clauses contained in current agreem ents be eliminated. Mr. McDonald prom ptly rejected the p rop osa ls. A p ril 13 In a letter to the steel prod u cers, the union head proposed: ( l ) That negotiations begin May 4 instead of May 18, (2) no p rice in crea ses during the life of any new agreem ent reached, and (3) that any settlem ent should protect rea l wages and provide in crea ses in wages and other benefits ju stified by in crea sed output and industry p rofits. A p ril 15 In reply to Mr. McDonald, industry spokesm en agreed to ea rlier bargaining session s, but rejected or refused to d iscu ss the other parts of the union proposal. A p ril 20 Industry and union agreed to start contract talks in New York on May 5. A pril 30—May 1 United Steelw ork ers1 wage p o licy com m ittee drew up a Mcom preh en siveM bargaining p rogra m calling for ' ’ substantial" wage in crea ses, c o s t-o f-liv in g adjustments, im proved in surance and pensions, in crea sed weekend pay, shorter workweeks, im proved supplemental unem ploym ent benefits, additional paid holidays and greater vacation benefits, rev ised g rie v ance p roced u res, and im proved con tract term s covering many other issu es. Negotiations begin May 5 A s negotiations got underway, industry reiterated its request for a 1-year con tra ct extension which drew a second re jection from Mr. McDonald. In the cou rse of a p re s s con feren ce, P resident Eisenhower called on both sides for a display of "good sense, w isdom , and b u sin ess-la b or statesmanship, " adding that the country could not, in the long run, stand still and do nothing in the absence of such voluntary r e straint. However, he did em phasize his reluctance to have the governm ent take a d ire ct hand in co lle ctiv e bargaining, and his opposition to legal ceilin gs on profits, p rice s , and wages. May 6 Industry spokesm en stated that two proposed m oves w ere under consideration should the union depart fro m its usual p roced u re of striking the entire industry at the expiration of con tracts. One was a fo rm of mutual assistance, or strike insurance, where p rofits of the operating con cern s are used to aid those struck. The second step, a voluntary industrywide shutdown, was provided for by sending contract term ination notices to the union, a legal form ality under the T aft-H artley Act, which would allow the plants to clo se after June 30 should the union attempt a divid e-an d-con qu er technique. This m arked the second tim e in the post T aft-H artley h istory of steel negotiations (the fir s t tim e was in 1956) that company term ination n otices on an industrywide m ove, had been sent. May 11 Since negotiations between executives from the 12 steel com panies and union r e p r e sentatives conducted during the previou s week failed to produce any significant developm ents, 4-m an com m ittees fro m industry and labor began a second phase of contract talks. 39 May 27 L eaders of the steel industry, gathered for the 67th annual m eeting of the A m erican Iron and Steel Institute, d ecla red their opposition to any wage in crea ses. It was d isclosed that the union was being asked to allow revision s in "lo c a l p ra ctice " c la u s e s 13 to allow management m o re con trol over em ployee placem ent. The elim ination of re strictiv e p r a c tices was a lso m entioned. June 9 Mr. McDonald notified industry negotiators that the union wished to resum e com panyby-com pan y m eetings the follow ing week (16th). Mr. Cooper made clear that while escalation clau ses would be elim inated under the industry1s proposal, the steelw ork ers would keep the 17-ce n t c o s t-o f-liv in g allow ances added to wages over the past 3 y ea rs— but only on an "add on" b a sis rather than as part of the b a sic wage. Mr. Cooper indicated that the session s w ere stalled on industry demands for r e v ision of lo ca l p ra ctice clau ses. Negotiations had reached a stalem ate over what both groups term ed the inflexible position of the opposite party. However, both Mr. McDonald and Mr. Cooper, in separate p re s s con feren ces, agreed that the union had not put a sp ecific dolla rs and cents tag on its demands. 13 The s o -c a lle d section 2-B clauses in the U. S. Steel agreem ent, also found in other, but not all, m a jor steel agreem ents, and which figured prom inently in later d iscu ssion s of "lo c a l p r a c tic e s " read as follow s: L ocal Working Conditions. The term "lo c a l working conditions" as used herein means sp e cific p ra ctice s or custom s which re fle ct detailed application of the subject m atter within the scope of wages, hours of work, or other conditions of em ploym ent and included loca l agreem ents, written or oral, on such m atters. It is recogn ized that it is im practicable to set forth in this agreem ent all of these working conditions, which are of a lo ca l nature only, or to state sp e cifica lly in this agreem ent which of these m atters should be changed or elim inated. The follow ing p rov ision s provide general p rin cip les and proced u res which explain the status of these m atters and furnish n ecessa ry guideposts for the parties hereto and the Board /o f A rb itra tion /. 1. It is recogn ized that an em ployee does not have the right to have a lo ca l working condition established, in any given situation or plant where such condition has not ex isted, during the term of this agreem ent or to have an existing loca l working condition changed or elim inated, except to the extent n ecessa ry to require the application of a sp ecific p rov ision of this agreem ent. 2. In no ca se shall lo ca l working conditions be effective to deprive any em ployee of rights under this agreem ent. Should any em ployee believe that a lo ca l working con dition is depriving him of the benefits of this agreem ent, he shall have re co u rse to the grievance p roced u re and arbitration, if n ecessa ry , to require that the lo ca l working condition be changed or elim inated to provide the benefits established by this agreem ent. 3. Should there be any lo ca l working conditions in effect which provide benefits that are in e x cess of or in addition to the benefits established by this agreem ent, they shall rem ain in effect for the term of this agreem ent, except as they are changed or e lim i nated by mutual agreem ent or in accordan ce with paragraph 4 below. 4. The company shall have the right to change or eliminate any loca l working con dition if, as the resu lt of action taken by management under Section 3— Management, the b a sis fo r the existence of the lo ca l working condition is changed or eliminated, thereby making it u nnecessary to continue such lo ca l working condition; provided, how ever, that when such a change or elim ination is made by the company any affected em ployee shall have re co u rse to the grievance p roced ure and arbitration, if n ecessa ry to have the company ju stify its action. 5. No lo ca l working condition shall hereafter be established or agreed to which changes or m odifies any of the p rovision s of this agreem ent. In the event such a lo ca l working condition is established or agreed to, it shall not be enforceable to the extent that it is inconsistent with or goes beyond the p rovision s of this agreem ent, except as it is approved by an international o ffice r of the union and the industrial relations execu tive of the company. 40 June 10 A shift in the in dustry's position was indicated in a letter from Mr. Cooper to the union president containing an eight-point program for broad contract changes which dealt with lo ca l working conditions; p rov ision s against "w ild cat" strikes, slowdowns, and picketing; m anagem ent's right to develop incentives and standards; cla rifica tion of com panies' right to change work schedules; vacation requirem ents; elim ination of overlapping or duplication of benefits; sim plification of proced u res fo r establishing seniority units; and cla rifica tion of con tract language. The com panies stated that agreem ent by the union on language changes r e lating to this eight-point program was a prerequ isite to agreem ent by them or a package com posed of a "m od est" wage in crea se and certain fringe benefit im provem ents. A lso, the com panies stated that they would continue to be represented by the fou r-m an team. The union re jected the prop osa ls. June 11 Negotiations reached a deadlock over the question of the form of negotiations, that is, whether bargaining should be conducted on an industrywide (fou r-m an com m ittee) or on a com pan y-by-com pan y b a sis (which the union demanded) or a com bination of both. M r. M c Donald served notice that the full 435-m em ber union negotiating com m ittee would be on hand June 16. June 19 A fter 2 days of m eetings between larger com pany-union com m ittees, industry and union to p -le v e l team s resum ed talks with the p roced ural dispute apparently settled. June 22 Industry negotiators maintained that the union had yet to com e up with a reasonable basis fo r a new contract. This was in response to an undisclosed union prop osa l offered on June 19 as a substitute fo r its origin al list of 250 individual item s (subm itted during the early stages of negotiations) on which it wished to bargain. Industry stated, in resp on se to inform al suggestions for a r ise in pensions and w elfare benefits, that such adjustments would be just as inflationary as higher w ages. Mr. Cooper m et in Washington with Joseph F. Finnegan, d ire cto r of the F ederal Mediation and Conciliation Service. Mr. McDonald had m et with Mr. Finnegan during the previous week. June 24r-25 Indefinite extension of con tracts beyond the expiration date, cancelable on 10 d a y s1 notice, was prop osed by the industry. The union's counterproposal offered contract ex tension until July 15. In addition, the union wage p olicy com m ittee, while sanctioning the 15-day extension, stipulated that any settlem ent negotiated should be retroactive to July 1. This retroactivity, the com panies replied, was unacceptable. June 27 P residen t Eisenhow er, in a letter to Mr. McDonald, urged both sides to "bargain without interruption of production until all term s and conditions of a new contract are agreed upon. " This was in reply to a letter sent to the White House on June 25 by Mr. McDonald, requesting the establishm ent of a factfinding board to e x e rcise issu es such as wages, profits,and productivity in the steel industry. The P resident rejected the suggestion, asserting that Congress had sp e cifica lly lim ited the use of P residential boards of inquiry to na tional em ergen cies. 41 Contracts extended until July 15 June 28 Agreem ent was reached on extending contracts for 2 weeks, ment on retroactivity. without any com m it July_L Meeting with V ice P residen t Richard M. Nixon in Pittsburgh, Mr. McDonald inform ed him that the union would not agree to another strike delay. On the following day, the s te e l w ork ers rejected a renewed plea by President Eisenhower for an indefinite extension of the 2-w eek truce. Mr. McDonald said he was sure the President "does not intend that we negotiate fo re v e r. " Industry*s negotiators seconded the P r e s id e n ts plea for an in definite extension. July 10 Leaders on both sides exchanged ideas on revised contract clauses governing working rules and changes in operating p ra ctice s. In a p ress release^the industry indicated its w ill ingness to negotiate a 2 -yea r contract with an in crea se in insurance and pension benefits during the fir s t year and a m odest wage raise during the second year, if the union would accept contractual changes prop osed by the industry (see June 10). July 12 Talks broke down over company "lo ca l p ra ctice " demands and p rop osals to tighten provision s against w ildcat strikes. The union agreed to continue discussing wage issu es while referrin g the other points to a joint com m ittee for study during the term of a new contract. Industry offered either a straight 1-year extension of current contracts or an indefi nite extension, cancelable on 5 day*s notice, while talks continued. The union rejected both. July 13 A plea fro m P residen t Eisenhower for a revival of talks again brought both sides together in an attempt to break the stalem ate. M ills m ade preparations for shutting down to protect furnaces and equipment for the second time in 2 weeks. July 14 P resident Eisenhower recom m ended that management and labor representatives call on F ederal m ediators fo r assistan ce in reaching agreem ent. A last minute exchange of letters between the parties failed to break the im passe, although the union proposed a con cession by changing contract language of "lo c a l working p ra ctice cla u ses" in all steel contracts to read: "The provision s of this section are not intended to prevent the company from con tinuing to make p ro g re ss. " This p rov ision was in the 1956 Bethlehem Steel Corp. contract. However, industry turned down the offer. The strike begins July 15 The steel strike began at 12:01 a. m. , July 15. Joseph Finnegan, D irector pf the F ederal Mediation and Conciliation Service, with a staff of three, consisting of R obert H. M oore, deputy d ire cto r; Walter A. M aggiolo, d irector of Mediation Activity; and R obert W. Donnahoo, regional d ire cto r, R egion Two, a rrived in New York for con feren ces with each side. Following 3 hours of separate talks with industry and union leaders, Mr. Finnegan reported that the strike was not susceptible to easy or early solution. E arlier, the union called fo r the appointment of a th ree-m an factfinding aboard— one from industry, one from la b or, and a neutral m em ber selected by Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl W arren. The p r o du cers rejected the proposal, assertin g that both sides already knew the facts. Mr. M c Donald urged the top executives of the big steel com panies to participate d irectly in n e gotiations; this was re jected by p rod u cers on the ground that the negotiating team had am ple authority. 42 In his news con feren ce, President Eisenhower said the conditions w ere not yet presen t to ju stify seeking a T aft-H artley injunction to keep the w ork ers on the job. He also re jected the need fo r a factfinding board, and reaffirm ed his b e lie f that co llectiv e bargaining should continue without governm ent intervention, but aided by the Mediation and C oncilia tion se rv ice . July 20 F ederal m ediators continued their separate talks with the parties. Mr. Finnegan rea sserted his previous con clu sion that there would be no easy or early solution to the stoppage. Since the 14th there had been no fa c e -to -fa c e session s between industry and union represen tatives. July 21 S ecretary of Labor Jam es P. M itchell announced that he was form a lly taking on the function of governm ent factfinder and would rep ort to the P resident p eriod ica lly . A s s is t ance would be sought from Secretary of C om m erce F red erick H. M ueller; Chairman of the P r e s id e n ts Council of E conom ic A dvisors Raymond J. Saulnier, and other appropriate officia ls of the F ederal governm ent. Both of industry and labor assured the S ecretary of their cooperation. July 27 The M ediation S ervice called the fir s t joint m eeting with the parties in New York City, the fir s t to take place since the strike began. There was no change in position on the part of the parties. July 28 United States Steel reported that its net p rofits in the fir s t half of the year had set a re co rd . Mr. McDonald term ed these earnings and those of other m ajor com panies •'astronomical. " August 1 Secretary M itchell critic iz e d labor and management for not making a serious effort to settle the strike and appealed to both sides to hold daily talks. August 3 A fter separate m eetings with the parties on July 28, 29, 30 and 31, the M ediators called a joint m eeting in New York City with the full bargaining teams from both sides present. It was agreed that technicians be brought in from both sides to work with the com m ittee and that a general review of the contract clauses in disagreem ent be made. Follow ing the joint m eetings, an exchange of charges was made, each side blam ing the other fo r the prolongation of the strike. The eruption indicated that attitudes had hardened since the strike began and that the parties viewed the governm ent's role in the dispute quite differently. Several tim es the union had asked for governm ent factfinding. Industry leaders insisted that the governm ent should stay out of the strike, contending that governm ental in ter fere n ce in the past had always resulted in "inflationary** settlem ents. August 12 In a news con feren ce, the President held to his position of keeping F ederal in ter fere n ce to a minimum. The union again called fo r the appointment of a sp ecial factfinding board to recom m end settlem ent term s. August 17 Talks proceed ed without Mr. McDonald, who had indicated he would not attend the talks until industry replaced the fou r-m a n negotiating team with top ranking officia ls. Further joint session s w ere scheduled to con sider m inor contract changes. 43 August 19 Secretary M itchell relea sed the D epartm ents presentation of background facts on som e of the econ om ic questions related to the steel strike— wages, productivity, p rice s , and p rofits. 14 No conclusions w ere drawn. Each side hailed the rep ort as supporting its position. August 26 3 w eeks. M r. McDonald returned to the bargaining session s No headway toward a settlem ent was reported. after an absence of alm ost August 29 A survey of 31 industrial areas conducted by the Department of Labor found that, by August 15, there had been 71, 000 "secon d a ry " layoffs as a result of the strike. This was interpreted to mean that, after 1 month, the strike had relatively little im pact on the 31 steel producing and consum ing areas studied. September 2 Steelw orkers re ce iv e d "a fir s t down paym ent" of $1 m illion in aid from other unions (later repaid). Plans w ere made fo r raising additional funds at the biennial A F L -C IO con vention beginning on September 17. September 6 Secretary M itchell announced that if shortages appeared and further unemployment resulted and the strike took on the aspects of an em ergency affecting the national health and safety, he would recom m end that the P resident con sider invocation of the em ergency p r o vision s of the T aft-H artley Act. Septemb e r 17—18 The A F L -C IO convention, m eeting in San F ra n cisco, devoted considerable attention to the steel strike. A resolution called upon P resident Eisenhower to convene a White House m eeting of resp on sible union and industry representatives. If this failed to produce a settle ment, the resolution then urged the appointment of a public factfinding board to make r e c o m mendations. The F ed era tion ^ General Board recom m ended the establishm ent of a Steel w ork ers Defense Fund. Secretary M itchell, addressing the convention, restated his position on Government intervention and on the invocation of Taft-H artley p roced u res should national health and safety be affected. September 25 The steelw ork ers ended 3 weeks of negotiations with Mr. McDonald declaring, "W e are going hom e. This fa r c ic a l filibu ster that has gone on since May 5 has ended. " He indicated that the talks should be m oved from New York City to another location, either Washington or Pittsburgh. September 30 Representatives of industry and labor m et separately with the President. At the conclusion of the talks, the P residen t said he hoped that an agreem ent would be reached b efore he returned fro m a scheduled trip to California on October 8. Following this, Mr. McDonald m et with R oger M. Blough, Chairman of the Board, United States Steel Corp. , and four other industry leaders. A joint communique issued at the end of the session said that talks would be resum ed the follow ing day in Pittsburgh. 14 Labor, Background Statistics August 1959. Bearing on the Steel Disputes, United States Department of 44 October 4 The ste e lw o rk e rs1 executive board rejected industry1s fir s t econom ic offer 15 in the 82-day old dispute, subject to action by the union1s wage p olicy com m ittee. Included in the com pan ies1 offer w ere im provem ents in the pension, insurance, and supplemental unem ploym ent benefit program s in the fir s t year of a 2 -year agreem ent, and in creased wage rates at the beginning of the second year, the in crea ses ranging from 6 cents for the low est job cla ss to 12 cents for the highest. Over the 2-y ear period , the total package would in cre a se "em ploym ent c o s ts " by 15 cents per m an-hour worked, or about 2 percent a year, accordin g to company estim ates. As a part of this offer, amendments to the ba sic labor a g re e ments with the follow ing stated ob jectives w ere sought: (1) Continue payment of the 17-c e n t' per-hour c o s t-o f-liv in g allow ance in effect at the expiration of the previous agreem ents, but elim inate provision s fo r future esca la tor changes in either direction; (2) enable management to take reasonable steps to elim inate waste and im prove efficien cy, but protect the rights of em ployees to r e s o r t to grievan ce and arbitration p roced ure; (3) perm it flexibility in scheduling of work; and (4) deter w ildcat strikes by perm itting the discharge of any em ployee engaging in such action. The steelw ork ers re jected the proposal, replying that it would reduce w o rk e rs 1 take home pay during the fir s t year because of an in crea se in insurance costs, and evaluated the worth of the 2 -yea r package at le ss than the companies* figure. Furtherm ore, the con ditions regarding contract changes attached to the offer w ere unacceptable to the union. O ctober 6 Top industry executives and union officia ls con ferred in an effort to break the deadlock but the talks broke off in a fresh stalem ate. No further talks w ere scheduled. Company officia ls stood firm ly behind their offer, which the union continued to re je c t as "totally inadequate. " O ctober 7 Mr. McDonald stated that the union would fight a T aft-H artley injunction in the courts but pledged that, failing to upset the injunction, the union would "obey the law of the land. " He again called fo r a public factfinding board to sift the strike issu es and recom m end a settlem ent. O ctober 8 S ecretary M itchell m et with union leaders to ascertain the bargaining situation, after which he was expected to rep ort to P resident Eisenhower whether there was any hope for a voluntary a cco rd . T aft-H artley A ct p rov ision s invoked; board of inquiry established O ctober 9 Follow ing a statement w herein he concluded that the strike, if perm itted to con tinue, would im p eril the national health and safety, P resident Eisenhower issued an E xecu tive order 16 creating a board of inquiry consisting of George W. Taylor of Pennsylvania, Chairman, John Perkins of Delaware, and Paul N. Lehoczky of Ohio. The board was to rep ort to the P resident, in a ccord a n ce with Section 206 of the Taft-H artley Act, on or b e fo re O ctober 16, 1959. 15 Contract p rop osa ls w ere handed to the union on O ctober 1 and w ere restated and cla rifie d on O ctober 3. 16 Executive O rder 10843. 45 October 12 After meeting on O ctober 11 separately with industry and union officia ls in " e x p lo ra to ry " talks aim ed at defining and narrowing disputed issu es, the board of inquiry began its public hearings. Arthur Goldberg told the board that the union1s objective was a "pack age’1 im p rov e ment worth 15 cents an hour, in a l-, 2-, or 3-y ea r contract. October 13 Dr. Taylor declared that the b o a rd 's m ediatory efforts w ere being impeded by d if ficulty in defining the issu es, and that he might ask for an extension of the deadline for the b o a rd 's report. O ctober 14 P resident Eisenhower, by Executive Order 10848, extended the date for subm ission of the b o a rd 's report to O ctober 19. The board had requested an extension of tim e and Secretary M itchell obtained the P resid en t's assent. O ctober 15 A sizable cut in its m oney demands in a 2-year contract was proposed by the ste e l w ork ers. This served as a prelude to the resum ption of negotiations scheduled for the follow ing day. Included in the "package" offer w ere first year im provem ents confined to in su r ance, pensions, and supplemental unemployment benefits valued by the union at about 10 cents an hour over a 2 -y e a r p e rio d . In the second y ea r, wages would be raised about IOV2 cents an hour, of which 7 cents would be a general rate in cre a se . A m aximum c o s t-o f-liv in g adjustment of 3 cents an hour in the second year was also p rop osed . It was made known later that the union prop osed that each steel company provide for the appointment of a n in e-m em ber com m ittee— three from industry, three from labor, and three experts of high standing— to recom m end for consideration a long-range form ula for equitable sharing between the stockh olders, the em ployees, and the public, of the fruits of the com pany's p r o g r e s s . O ctober 17 Mr. Cooper offered a counterproposal which called for a 3-y ea r contract with im proved benefits the fir s t year, follow ed by wage in crea ses during the next 2 y ears and other contract im provem ents. The com panies suggested the establishm ent of a Human Relations R esearch Com m ittee to plan and ov e rsee studies and recom m end solutions in such areas as: Guides fo r the determ ination of wages and benefits; employment problem s; job c la s s i fication; wage incentives; and seniority. October 18 Mr. Cooper prop osed that the issue of rev ision of work rules be resolv ed by sub mitting to a th ree-m an arbitration board (one company, one union, and one selected by the two) the follow ing question: "What, if any, changes should be made in the lo ca l working conditions p rovision s to enable the com panies to take reasonable steps to im prove efficien cy and elim inate waste with due regard fo r the w elfare of the e m p lo y e e s ? " The union rejected the m odifications as "rid icu lo u s" and "phony. " Edgar K aiser, *■chairm an of the board of K aiser separate talks with the union. Steel Corp. , agreed to halt his 46 O ctober 19 In submitting its report to the P resident, the board stated that "the parties have failed to reach an agreem ent and we see no prospects for an early cessation of the strike. The board cannot point to a single issue of any consequence whatsoever upon which the parties are in a g re e m e n t." Although there w ere many issu es in the dispute, the m ajor roadblocks w ere in the broad areas of "e c o n o m ic s " and "w ork r u l e s ." 17 Upon receiving the report, the President instructed the Attorney General to seek an injunction, as provided for in the TaftHartley A ct. Legal battle over injunction begins O ctober 20 The U.So Department of Justice petitioned the Federal D istrict Court in Pittsburgh for an 8 0 -day injunction under the T aft-H artley A ct, 18 emphasizing the im portance of the industry, levels of steel supplies, defense needs, and unemployment. The governm ent a s serted that, unless the strike was enjoined, the country would suffer im m ediate and irre p a rable injury. The court was asked to find that the strike, if continued, would "im p eril the national health and s a fe ty ." M r. G oldberg, union counsel, contested the petition, maintaining that the strike did not im peril the cou n try!s health or safety in a strict and literal sen se. The language and legisla tive h istory of the statute, , he maintained, make clear that the national em ergency provision s would apply to this strike only if, in som e way, it directly and im m ediately threatened the physical health or safety of the Nation. M r. Goldberg said the union intended to show that the strike posed no such threat, in that sufficient quantities of steel w ere being produced by com panies not on strik e. It was further stated that the injunction provision s w ere unconstitutional, as they con ferred on the courts duties which are not judicial and are not connected with any case or con trov ersy . O ctober 21 F ederal D istrict Judge H erbert P . Sorg in Pittsburgh ordered the injunction against the steelw ork ers, upholding the govern m ent^ contention that the prolongation of the dispute would im peril the national health and safety, causing irrep arable damage to the country. The court made no decision regarding retroactivity of any subsequent agreem ent. A lso left unsettled was the applicability of any co s t-o f-liv in g adjustment required under the term s of the expired contracts during the injunction p eriod . M r. Goldberg requested the Judge to defer his order long enough to perm it an appeal to Judge Austin L . Staley of the U .S . Court of Appeals fo r the Third C ircu it, which was granted. Judge Staley extended the stay unti> JO a .m . the follow ing day in o rd e r to p reserv e the status quo until a full court could pass on Mr* Goldberg*s appeal* O ctober ZZ Follow ing a hearing* the tJ*S\ Third C ircuit Court of Appeals put off until the fo l lowing week a d ecision on the ste e lw o rk e rs1 appeal, at the same time granting a further stay of the injunction pending a d ecision on the appeal. 17 Report to the P residen t, The 1959 Labor Dispute in the Steel Industry, submitted by the Hoard of Inquiry under Executive Orders 10843 and 10S48* Oct* 19* 1959% ** Title II, Section 208. The government and union agreed to proceed directly to the injunction question which, if granted, would he final for the entire 8 0 -day period, with an immediate full hearing for the union* Customarily* the government asks for a temporary restraining order (limited to 10 days) in which only i|$ arguments need be heard% 47 O ctober 26 K aiser Steel C orp. and the union agreed on a new 20-m onth contract providing package in crea ses evaluated by the com pany at 22Va cents an hour over the 20-m onth p eriod , including a p ossib le 3-cen t c o s t-o f-liv in g adjustment,. Work rules issues w ere re fe rre d to a labor-m anagem ent com m ittee with authority to resolv e problem s by mutual agreem ent. A lso set up was a tripartite com m ittee to develop a long-range plan for an "equitable sharing of econ om ic p r o g r e s s ." 19 O ctober 27 By a 2 to 1 vote, the Court of Appeals upheld the petition for an injunction but ordered that the issuance of the injunction be delayed until at least N ovem ber 2 to perm it the ste e l w ork ers to ask for a review by the Supreme Court. The union counsel announced that he would not file a petition for c e rtio ra ri— a form al device to obtain review— until N ovem ber 2. O ctober 28 The Justice Department petitioned the Supreme Court to expedite consideration of the u n io n s petition, with a proposed filing deadline by noon, October 29. Should the Court de cide to review the Third C ir c u it s decision on Friday, October 30, a hearing could be set for Monday, N ovem ber 2. Later in the day, the Supreme Court denied the governm ent m otion, thus upholding the Third C ircuit Court of A p p eals1 ruling giving the steelw ork ers until Novem ber 2 to seek a Supreme Court review . M r. Finnegan sent both parties a telegram inform ing them that if they had not reached an agreem ent by midnight Sunday, N ovem ber 1, they would be expected to attend a session with m ediators in Washington on Monday, Novem ber 2. M r. M cDonald indicated that the union regarded the K aiser agreem entas providing the groundwork for contracts to be agreed upon by other com panies. Industry leaders declared the pact would fo rce an inflationary rise in steel p rice s and fail to elim inate wasteful work p ra c tic e s. O ctober 30 Following the filing of the union*s petition for ce rtio ra ri and the governm ent^ r e sponse asking the Court to deny review , the United States Supreme Court granted the ste e l w ork ers request and assigned oral arguments for Tuesday, N ovem ber 3. Novem ber 1 Secondary layoffs caused by steel shortages jum ped sharply during the last half of O ctober, the Department of Labor rep orted . M ore than 132,000 w ork ers w ere indirectly involved in 31 m ajor steel producing and consuming a rea s. Injunction granted; strike ends N ovem ber 7 By an 8 to 1 m a jority , the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the TaftHartley em ergency procedure (S ec. 208) and its applicability to the steel strik e. The Court did not resolv e the dispute over the meaning of the term "national health, " but supported its judgment on the ground that the strike im periled the national safety. Justice Douglas, d is senting, did not deal with the constitutional questions but disputed the concepts of health and safety and em phasized the traditional flexibility of equity courts in relation to the particular situation found in the steel strike concerning national safety. He further stated that he would rem and the ca se to the D istrict Court for "p a rticu larized findings" as to how the strike im p erils the "national health" and what plants need be reopened to produce the steel needed for "national safety. " T elegram s w ere dispatched im m ediately by the union directing its m em bers to " r e sume w ork forth w ith ." Steps w ere taken to get the m ills producing as quickly as p o ssib le . 19 See Monthly Labor R eview , D ecem ber 1959, pp. 1345 and 1378. 48 N ovem ber 8 S ecretary M itchell said P resident Eisenhower would recom m end to Congress ways to prevent resum ption of the strike if no agreem ent was reached during the injunction p eriod . N ovem ber 10 P residen t Eisenhower reconvened the steel board of inquiry, headed by D r. T aylor, which was to report to the P residen t on the efforts toward settlem ent, and on the e m p lo y e rs1 last offer if a settlem ent was not reached at the end of a 60-day p eriod . 20 N ovem ber 12 The steelw orkers* wage p o licy com m ittee voted unanimously to renew the 116-day strike if agreem ent was not reached b e fore the injunction expired on January 26. The p r o du cers w ere again urged to follow the K aiser contract as a pattern. N ovem ber 15 It was announced by the steel industry that a new offer on a 3-y ea r agreem ent had been made to the union. The union re jected it as being substantially the same as the one previou sly o ffered . N ovem ber 28 Little chance of reaching a settlem ent b efore the expiration of the injunction period was held out by the union in a letter from M r, Goldberg to S ecretary of C om m erce M ueller. M r. G oldberg advised the Department to arrange for steel r e s e rv e s that might be required fo r governm ent con tra cts. O therw ise, the letter stated, the governm ent might have to con tend with the same problem s it faced during the strik e. D ecem ber 1 The steel industry indicated that the proposal made 2 weeks b efore was its "last o ffe r " ; that is , should an election be conducted the following month, this would be the offer em ployees must either accept or re je ct by secret ballot to be conducted by the governm ent. 21 D ecem ber 3 P residen t E isenhow er, in a plea addressed to both p a rties, urged arou n d -th e-clock negotiations. M r. M cDonald had e a rlie r suggested to the P resident that the board of inquiry make recom m en dation s. A fter the P resid en t’ s speech, M r. McDonald again offered his original suggestion for recom m endations and another calling for a meeting directly with top steel execu tives. D ecem ber 8 S ecreta ry M itchell suggested three p ossible ways of settling the dispute: (1) The parties could agree to ask a board to make recom m endations; (2) they could ask M r. Finnegan to make a recom m endation; or (3) they could seek voluntary arbitration. D ecem ber 9 The industry re jected Secretary M itchell*s suggestions for breaking the deadlock in bargaining by declaring that third party intervention would result in recom m endations that the union had refu sed to accept or in a m ore costly settlement "which would clea rly be inflationary. n 20 21 T aft-H artley A ct, Section 209(b). Ibid. 49 D ecem ber 10 M r. Finnegan suspended negotiations indefinitely, noting both the lack of p ro g re ss made and that the union was about to devote its attention to aluminum negotiations Mean w hile, the union made three demands upon steel com panies: (l) A return to com pan y-by company bargaining; (2) an agreem ent making any new settlem ent retroactive to cov er the injunction period; and (3) an acknowledgement now that a c o s t-o f-liv in g adjustment would be due January 1 under term s of the existing agreem ents and an agreem ent to put these adjust ments into effect b efore C hristm as. The union contended that, under the injunction o rd er, the em ployees w ere working "under all term s and conditions in effect on June 30, 1959, " and this, to the union, "plainly encom passes the January c o s t-o f-liv in g prov ision which r e qu ires a change to be made each January 1 and each July 1, without referen ce to year . . . " M r. C ooper, in reply, noted the previou sly stated industry opposition to retroactivity and the Court*s reservation s on the questions of c o s t-o f-liv in g and retroactivity . D ecem ber 17 M r. McDonald put forth p rop osals that w ere to be presented to the board of inquiry on the 28th. He stated that the new demands would be "slightly higher*' in cost to the indus try than the K aiser agreem ent. D ecem ber 22 The 11 m ajor steel com panies agreed, with reserv a tion s, to union demands for com pan y-by-com pan y se ssio n s. Talks between the four-m an team s as scheduled by Federal m ediators w ere to be ca rrie d on sim ultaneously. Since July 15 the Federal m ediators had conducted 47 joint m eetings with the parties and som e 30 fu ll-s ca le separate talks with the p arties. D ecem ber 23 Stuart Rothman, General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board, estim ated that 600,000 w ork ers would be eligible to vote on m anagem ent's "la st o ffe r , " set for January 11 to 13. The steelw orkers* counsel said he would ask D istrict Judge Sorg to hear the ste e l w orkers* plea to ord er the steel com panies to pay w ork ers a 4 - cent c o s t-o f-liv in g in crea se (under term s o f previous agreem ents) starting in January, and to make any new contract agreem ent retroactive to N ovem ber 2. On the following day, the steelw orkers filed their petition and a hearing b e fo re Judge Sorg was scheduled for January 4. D ecem ber 28 The board of inquiry reconvened to ca rry out its resp on sibilities under the act which include a report to the P residen t on the current positions of the p a rties, the efforts which had been made for settlem ent, and the em ployers* last o ffe r s . Following 2 days of public h ea r in gs, D r. T aylor stated that the d ifferen ces between the union and industry w ere wider than ev e r. The board set about to devote its remaining tim e toward com pletion of its report, due January 6. January 1, i960 S ecretary of Labor M itchell met separately with industry and union spokesm en. V ice P residen t Nixon and S ecretary M itchell, it was reported, had been conducting a se rie s of se cre t con feren ces aim ed at reaching a voluntary settlem ent b efore the NLRB balloting on January 11—13. Agreem ent reached January 4 A greem ent between the 11 com panies and the union was reached following all-d ay and all-night bargaining se s sio n s. . 50 January 5 M em oranda of agreem ent w ere signed between the m ajor steel prod u cers and union represen tatives following approval by the union wage p olicy com m ittee. T erm s of the a g re e ments included: A wage in cre a se , d eferred until D ecem ber 1, I960, to average 9 .4 cents an hour including estim ated effect on incentive pay (average 8 .3 cents in hourly rates— 7 cents general in crea se plus 0 .2 cent in crea se in increm ents between 31 job cla s s e s , with top job cla ss receivin g 13 cents); effective O ctober 1, 1961, additional average 8.6 cents including estim ated effect on incentive pay (average 7 .6 cents in crea se in hourly rates— 7 cents general in crea se plus 0.1 cent in crea se in increm ents between job cla s s e s , with top cla ss receivin g 10 cents); escalator clause rev ised to retain current 17 cents c o s t-o f-liv in g allow ance, provide two c o s t-o f-liv in g review s and lim it maximum additional adjustment to 6 cents effective O ctober 1, 1961, of which maximum 3 cents co s t-o f-liv in g adjustment e f fective D ecem ber 1, I960, to be reduced by 0.1 cent for each full 18 cents in crea se in in surance cost over base average monthly net insurance cost of $20.16 per em ployee. A lso , minim um $ 2 .5 0 a month pension for each year*s se rv ice p rior to January 1, I960, and $ 2 .6 0 a month for each year thereafter for a maximum of 35 years (was $ 2 .4 0 a month for se rv ice p rio r to N ovem ber 1, 1957, and $ 2 .5 0 a month thereafter for maximum of 30 y ea rs) or additional $ 5 .0 0 a month for future retirees when applying alternate 1 percent form ula in computing pension benefits; 13 weeks* vacation pay (less vacation pay during year) in lump sum on retirem ent with regular pension beginning fourth month; early retirem ent (by mutual agreem ent) at full benefit at age 60 after 15 years* se rv ice (was at reduced ben e fits), or at age 55 after 20 years* se rv ice if term inated by reason of permanent shutdown, la yoff, or sickness resulting in break in se rv ice provided em ployee has attained age 53 and 18 years* se rv ice on date he cea ses w ork; $100 a month future m inimum disability benefit (was $90); com panies also in crea sed existing pensions by $5 a months A lso, com panies to assum e full cost of insurance program (was 50-50 contribution) and program im provem ent to provide: $ 4 ,0 0 0 to $ 6 ,500 life insurance (was $ 3 ,5 0 0 to $6 ,0 0 0 at m ost com panies), life insurance retained during first 2 years of la yoff with em ployee paying 60 cents per $ 1 ,0 0 0 after first 6 months; $53 to $68 w eekly sick and a c cident benefit (was $42 to $57 at m ost com panies), and 6-m onth retention of hospital, su r g ic a l, and related covera ges for la id -o ff em ployees with 2 years* se rv ice ; higher existing benefits continued for em ployees already on payroll at Allegheny Ludlum, A rm co, Inland, and W heeling, and existing hospital and surgical program at Inland continued for ail em p loy ees; previous supplemental unemployment benefits plan extended with com panies paying 3 cents cash and 2 cents contingent liability (the contingent liability which had been canceled in a ccord a n ce with p rio r agreem ent was restored ). A lso , agency shop was provided where State laws banned the union shop. A joint Human Relations R esearch Com m ittee was established to study and r e c o m mend solutions of mutual problem s relating to equitable wage and benefit adjustm ents, job cla ssifica tio n , incentive pay, protection of lo n g -s e rv ic e em ployees against la y offs, m edical ca r e , and other p ro b le m s. Questions of lo ca l working conditions w ere to be re fe rre d to a joint study com m ittee headed by a neutral chairm an, which was to report by N ovem b er 30, I960. January 7 The board of inquiry form a lly ended its duties with subm ission of its final report to the P residen t. The report d escrib ed both parties* positions just b e fore settlem ent and the "last o ffe r s " of the p rod u cers at that tim e. ** January 8 Allegheny Ludlum was the first of the 11 m ajor prod u cers to sign a form al con tract with the steelw ork ers union. Inland, Bethlehem , Jones and Laughlin, Youngstown Sheet and Tube, C olorado Fuel and Iron, and United States Steel a lso signed. Others w ere ex pected to follow . 22 Final report to the P residen t, The 1959 Labor Dispute in the Steel Industry, Sub m itted by the Board of Inquiry under Executive O rder 10843, January 6, I960. 51 January 20 Polling of som e 14,000 steelw orkers was conducted by the NLRB on the final con tract o ffe rs of 7 steel com panies which had not as yet signed the ba sic industry agreem ent. E a rlie r, a group of 31 iron ore mining concerns settled their differen ces with the union. A pproxim ately 11,000 other steelw orkers faced the p ossibility of resum ing the strike when the injunction expired. They did not vote because the com panies had withdrawn their "last o f f e r ," according to the union, thus leaving no basis for balloting. The steelw ork ers asked the U .S . D istrict Court to dissolve the injunction and to order payment of a 4 - cent co stof-liv in g in crea se retroactive to January 1. A lso, the union sought retroactivity of any wage in cre a se s won to cov er the p eriod of the injunction. Judge Sorg denied the m otion to dissolve the injunction while reservin g decision on the other requ ests. January 24 Pittsburgh Steel C o ., the last unsigned m ajor p rod u cer, agreed to an indefinite contract extension, cancelable by either side on 5 days* n otice. Three sm all com panies still rem ained unsigned. The NLRB announced that its poll of w ork ers em ployed by four com panies (P itts burgh Steel, Joseph T . R yerson and Sons, M oltrop Steel P rodu cts, and Acm e Steel) voted by a 2 to 1 m argin to r e je ct m anagem ent's "last o ffe r. " January 26 Judge Sorg d issolved the T aft-H artley injunction, thus making it p ossible for those w ork ers still working without contracts to renew the strik e. Judge Sorg*s c o s t-o f-liv in g d ecision sp ecified that w ork ers still without contracts would be entitled to the 4 - cent in c re ment for w ork p e rform ed under the injunction "unless new agreem ents are entered into p r o viding o th e r w is e ." January 27 The union decided not to strike, for houses still unsigned. the time being, any of the m ills and w a re January 28 Pittsburgh Steel C o. and the union reached an agreem ent, affecting som e 7, 300 w ork ers in 6 plants. Incentive pay rates w ere the contentious issu e; how ever, this was to be r e solved by a joint incentive study com m ittee which must hand down a decision by July 15. I f the co m m itte e ^ report is rejected* the union may call a strike upon 5 d a y s1 notice*, The r e s t o f the s e ttle m e n t w a s substantially the same a s that between the union and the other m a jor produ cers* Part II. Industry and Geographical Scope of 1959 Steel Strike Consistent with Bureau of Labor Statistics p roced u res in com piling work stoppage data, all com panies involved in the 1959 steel strike w ere requested to provide the location , m ajor product or s e r v ice , number of w ork ers involved, and beginning and ending dates, for all plants or establishments involved in the stoppage* The information thus received was aggregated by industry classification (table B-l)> by region and State (table B*2)» and by metropolitan area (table B-3)* Data for some States were combined in table to avoid revealing individual company information. Table B-3 identifies the metropolitan areas in which m ore than 5,000 w ork ers were involved, and presents data for those areas in which 1 or m ore com panies w ere located*^ A ltogether, the steel stoppage affected 57 standard m etropolitan statistical a re a s, as defined by the Bureau of the Budget. 52 TABLE B-l. WORKERS INVOLVED AND MAN-DAYS OF IDLENESS, 1959 STEEL STOPPAGE, BY INDUSTRY Industry A ll in d u s t r ie s --- ----------- ------- ----------- -------------------- W o rk e rs involved 519, 000 TABLE B-2. WORKERS INVOLVED AND MAN-DAYS OF IDLENESS, 1959 STEEL STOPPAGE, BY REGION AND STATE W ork ers involved M an-days idle United S ta t e s .-------- ---------------------------------------------- 519, 000 41, 900, 000 41, 900, 000 New E n g la n d ____________________________________ C on necticut __________________________________ M assach u setts ..... ............. ....... ............................. 4, 700 1, 000 3, 700 3 62 ,000 80, 000 2 8 2 ,0 0 0 M iddle A tlantic _________________________________ New J e r s e y ___________________ _______________ New Y o rk ____________________________________ P ennsylvania ________________________________ 194,000 4, 450 29, 200 161, 000 15, 350, 000 356 ,000 2 ,3 9 0 ,0 0 0 1 2 ,6 0 0 ,0 0 0 E ast North C en tral _____________________________ I ll i n o i s ________________________________________ Indiana _______________________________________ M ic h ig a n _____________________________________ Ohio ... _ _ W isco n sin ___________________________________ 194,300 2 7 ,7 0 0 56, 900 21, 000 87 ,8 0 0 900 16, 010, 2, 340, 4, 710, 1,7 2 0 , 7, 170, 73, W est North C e n t r a l ____________________________ M innesota ___________________________________ K ansas and M is s o u r i _______________________ 21, 100 17,200 3, 900 1, 720, 000 1,4 0 0 , 000 3 17 ,000 South A tlantic ___________________________________ M aryland ----------------- -------------------------------------W est V irgin ia _____ __________________________ D elaw are, F lo r id a , G e o rg ia , North C a ro lin a , and V irgin ia ____________________ 35 ,3 0 0 27, 700 4, 850 2, 920, 000 2 ,2 7 0 , 000 4 3 4 ,0 0 0 2 ,7 0 0 2 1 6 ,0 0 0 E a st South C e n t r a l ______________________________ A labam a, K entucky, and T e n n e s s e e _______ 31, 100 31, 100 2, 540, 000 2, 540, 000 W est South C en tral _____________________________ T e x a s _____ ________ _________________ _____ ___ Oklahom a and Lou isiana ____________________ 4, 850 3, 900 950 3 92 ,000 3 1 5 ,0 0 0 7 7 ,0 0 0 M o u n ta in ____ ________________________ ___________ A riz o n a , C o lo r a d o , Utah, and W yom ing . .. 13,300 13, 300 1, 070, 000 1, 070, 000 P a c ific ______________________________ ___________ C a lifo rn ia and W ashington _ .... 19, 900 19, 900 1, 530, 000 1, 530, 000 M an-days idle 451, 000 36, 300, 000 448, 000 2 ,7 5 0 36, 100, 000 2 2 5 ,0 0 0 190 300 15, 300 2 4 ,6 0 0 3 4 ,4 0 0 25, 500 8, 070 2, 850, 000 2 ,0 8 0 ,0 0 0 7 0 2 ,0 0 0 830 68, 900 24, 000 15, 500 1, 930, 000 1,230, 000 1 ,250 1, 600 1,480 4, 160 103,000 131.000 132 .000 3 3 6 ,0 0 0 3, 190 580 2, 610 319, 000 4 7 ,6 0 0 271, 000 M achinery, excep t e l e c t r i c a l ------- -------------------En gin es and turbines ________________________ C on stru ction , m ining, and m a te ria ls handling m a ch in ery and e q u ip m e n t----------G en eral in du stria l m ach in ery and equ ip m en t__________________________ ________ M is cella n eou s m ach in ery, excep t e l e c t r i c a l ------------- ------------- -------- ---------------- 2, 530 160 195 ,000 11,400 850 68, 300 F u rn iture and fixtu res _______ ___________ _____ P a rtitio n s , shelvin g, lo c k e r s , and o ffic e and store fix t u r e s ___________________ 1, 800 147,000 1, 800 147,000 W holesale and reta il trade ____________________ W holesale trade _____________________________ 1, 540 1, 540 126,000 126, 000 O rdnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ______________________ Am m unition, excep t fo r sm all a rm s _______ 170 170 11,000 11, 000 Rubber and m is c e lla n e o u s p la s tic s p r o d u c t s ________________________________ ________ M is ce lla n e o u s p la s tic s p r o d u c t s ------------------ 20 20 1, 640 1, 640 P r im a r y m etal in d u strie s ............................... ....... B last fu rn a ces , stee l w o rk s, and ro llin g and finishing m ills _________________________ Iron and steel fou n d ries . . . ................... .............. R ollin g, draw ing and extruding o f n on ferrou s m etals _________________________ M is ce lla n e o u s p rim a ry m etal in d u strie s . . . M in in g _____________________________ _____________ M etal __________________________ ______________ B itum inous c o a l and lig n it e _________________ M ining and qu a rryin g o f non m etallic m in e ra ls , excep t fu els ____________________ F a b rica te d m etal p rod u cts, e x ce p t ordn an ce, m ach in ery,an d tran sp ortation e q u ip m e n t-----F a b rica ted stru ctu ra l m etal p r o d u c t s -------S crew m achine p rod u cts, and b o lts , nuts, s c r e w s , riv e ts and w a s h e r s _______________ M etal s ta m p in g s ........... .............................. .......... M iscella n eou s fa b rica te d w ire p r o d u c t s ___ M is cella n eou s fa b rica te d m etal p r o d u c t s ... T ra n sp orta tion , com m u n ication , e le c t r ic , gas, and sanitary s e r v ic e s .................................. R a ilroa d tran sportation ____________________ W ater tran sportation ................. ............. ....... . NOTE: equal tota ls. 120 9, 500 1, 400 106 ,000 B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual ite m s m ay not R eg ion and State NOTE: equal totals. 000 000 000 000 000 000 B ecau se o f rounding, sum s o f individual item s m ay not TABLE B-3. WORKERS INVOLVED AND MAN-DAYS OF IDLENESS, 1959 STEEL STOPPAGE, BY SELECTED METROPOLITAN AREAS M etrop olitan a rea 1 A llentow n—B ethlehem —E a ston , Pa. .............. ....... B a ltim o re , M d. ----------------------------------- ------ --------B u ffalo, N .Y . ___________________________________ Canton, Ohio ____________________________________ C h ica go, 111. ____________ _______ ___________ ____ C levelan d, Ohio ------------------------------------------------D e tro it, M ich. __________________________________ Johnstow n, Pa. _________________________________ L o ra in —E ly r ia , Ohio ___________________________ L os A n g e le s —Long B each , C a l i f .______________ P h iladelphia, Pa. __ .... . _ _ .... P ittsburgh, P a . _______ ________________________ Youngstown, O h i o ______________________________ W ork e rs involved M an-days idle 1 8 ,900 2 7 ,7 0 0 2 2 ,0 0 0 8, 280 8 2 ,0 0 0 19, 400 15,600 14,000 9 ,2 3 0 5, 680 12, 700 9 2 ,9 0 0 43, 000 1, 500, 000 2 ,2 7 0 , 000 1, 800, 000 679 ,0 0 0 6, 830, 000 1, 610, 000 1, 280, 000 1, 140, 000 7 2 3 ,0 0 0 4 3 5 ,0 0 0 975, 000 7, 220, 000 3, 510 ,0 0 0 1 M ore than 5, 000 w o rk e rs w ere in volved in ea ch o f the fo llo w ing additional m e tro p o lita n a r e a s : B irm in gham , A la . ; G adsden, A la. ; P u eblo, C o lo .; San B ern a rd in o, C a lif.; San F r a n c is c o —Oakland, Calif.,; and W heeling, W. Va. -S te u b e n v ille , Ohio. 53 Appendix C: The Atlantic and Gulf Coast Longshore Strike, 1959 Although the em ergency provision s of the T aft-H artley Act w ere invoked in 1959 for the first tim e in a m ajor steel strike, their application to an Atlantic and Gulf Coast lon g shore dispute represen ted the fourth tim e that an East Coast longshore strike was ended by a Federal injunction since 1947. 23 The highlights of the 1959 stoppage are outlined below in ch ron ological o rd e r. August 10 Joint bargaining session s began between the New York Shipping A ssociation 24 and the International L on gshorem en’ s A s s o c ia tio n .25 The union presented its demands, which in cluded: An extension of the M aster Contract to cov er all ports of the United States from S earsport, Maine, to B row n sville, T e x ., in which ILA is the bargaining representative; a 6-hour day (at a rate of $ 2 2 .4 0 per day); a guarantee of a day’ s pay each time a man is ordered out; in crea sed pension and w elfare benefits; and a fre e ze on the 20-m an w ork gang. August 17 The New York Shipping A ssociation , in a counterproposal, sought to extend the present agreem ent for 3 years with changes allowing em ployers the right to im prove the efficie n cy o f their operations by giving them greater "flexibility o f labor. " Among the other provision s put forth were a flexible lunch hour, changes in travel pay arrangem ents, and recognition by the NYSA of the prin ciple that protection be provided against loss of job opportunities which may result from automation. Septem ber 17 The New Y ork Shipping A ssociation and the ILA announced they w ere calling on Federal and city labor m ediators in an attempt to head off a strike at the expiration of the 3 -y e a r agreem ent on Septem ber 30. Septem ber 18 Management made its first m onetary o ffe r, proposing y early in crea ses of 8, 3, and 4 cents an hour in a 3 -y ea r agreem ent, to be allocated among w ages, pensions, w elfare, and paid holidays by the union, on the condition that the union agree that em ployers be given the right to im prove the efficien cy of their operations (by such means as m echanical cargo handling gea r, con tain ers, and container ships). A lso sought by management w ere changes in travel pay arrangem ents, a p rovision for tighter quitting time cla u ses, and a m ore flexible lunch hour. The proposal contained assurance that adequate safeguards against lo ss of job opportunities would be provided. Septem ber 19 A counterproposal was put forth by the ILA eliminating its original demand for a -hour day. Instead, a straight 40 cents an hour wage in crea se, plus a guarantee of 8 h o u rs ’ w ork per day and in crea sed fringe ben efits, w ere sought in a 2 -y ea r agreem ent. 6 Septem ber 23 The ILA m odified its demands "all along the lin e " with reductions in wage demands and in the length of a guaranteed working day. 23 See National E m ergency Disputes Under the Labor - Management Relations jT a ft Hartley) A ct, U .S . Department of L abor, Bureau of Labor Statistics." 4 The a ssocia tion bargains for 170 steam ship lines and contracting stev ed ores. 25 The ILA affiliated with the A F L -C IO on Nov. 17, 1959. 54 Septem ber 24 E m ployers countered with an offer of a 3-y ea r agreem ent calling for a m oney package of 24 cents----12 cents in the first y e a r, 6 in the second, and 6 in the third— that would be applied to w ages, pensions, w elfa re, and/or other item s chosen by the union. The offer was contingent upon union acceptance of m odifications in w ork ru les. The offer was term ed as not ” a fair on e" by the union. F ederal, State, and city m ediators w ere asked by both sides to take an active part in negotiations, as a standstill had apparently been reached. Negotiations in southern ports also w ere stalem ated over issu es of slingload lim its and gang s iz e . Septem ber 28 The ILA again cut its demands to a package worth approxim ately 50 cents an hour in a 3 -y ea r agreem ent. Later in the day, the shippers rejected the prop osal as "still too high. ” Septem ber 29 Shippers in crea sed their offer to 30 cents an hour— 20 cents the first year and 5 cents in each of two following years----in a 3 -y ear contract conditioned on new w ork rule changes. Septem ber 30 A threatened strike was averted when the New York Shipping A ssociation and the ILA agreed on a 15-day contract extension, with any subsequent in crea ses retroactive to O ctober 1. T elegram s from S ecretary M itchell, G overnor Nelson R ock efeller, Robert F . Wagner urged the parties to negotiate without interrupting w ork. and Mayor O ctober 1 Longshorem en in New Orleans struck as contracts expired, following a refusal by southern shippers to grant retroa ctivity on in crea ses included in a prop osed new agreem ent. The walkout was joined by m em bers in other southern ports on South Atlantic and Gulf C oasts. Despite a contract extension in the North, Captain W illiam V . B radley, president of ILA, pledged support of the striking southern dockw orkers and d eclared that m em bers would not w ork on ships diverted from the South. The stoppage spread to the entire east coast, shutting down ports from Maine to T exas, effecting som e 50, 000 w ork ers and 220 cargo ships. The New York Shippers A ssocia tion voted not to resum e bargaining until O ctober 15 unless w ork ers returned im m ediately, claim ing that the strike was illeg a l, and further in sisted that the union must give assurance that it would ca rry out any agreem ent reached with northern shippers reg a rd less of developm ents in southern p orts. By the following day, union leaders claim ed the strike "100 percent effective from Maine to T e x a s .” O ctober 5 M ediators w ere unable to arrange a joint m eeting. A F ederal D istrict Judge in New Orleans issued a tem porary restraining order against two New Orleans lo c a ls , N os. 1418 and 1419, as requested by the National Labor Relations Board, acting on a com plaint by New Orleans shippers charging that the two loca ls failed to serv e a 30-day strike n otice, as required by law, b efore th'e contract e x p ir e d .2* 26 L abor-M anagem ent Relations (Taft-H artley) A ct, Sec. 8 (d) (3). 55 O ctober 6 President Eisenhower appointed a Board of Inquiry to report to him by O ctober 1 0 .27 M em bers of the board w ere Guy F a rm er, form er chairm an of the National Labor Relations Board; G eorge Frankenthaler, fo rm e r Surrogate Judge and form er m em ber of the New York State Supreme Court; and John F. Sem bow er, a Chicago law yer active in labor arbitration w ork. The board began its w ork late in the afternoon with the expectation, ex p ressed by M r. F a rm er, that the report would be ready b efore the 10th. O ctober 7 Completing its study of the strike late in the day, the board forw arded it to the P r e s id e n t.28 E a rlier testim ony indicated an im passe over ju risd iction and automation. The board noted that the m ajor u nresolved issu es w ere wage rates, certain fringe benefits, p r o cedures for installing m echanical devices and effecting containerization, and gang s iz e . Upon receip t, the P resident directed the Attorney General to seek an injunction at once. As a result of union com plaints, the New York—New Jersey W aterfront C om m ission obtained a court order calling on three steam ship lines to show cause why they should not be enjoined from using "u n registered lon gsh orem en" to handle baggage. 29 O ctober 8 A tem porary 10-day restraining ord er was issued by F ederal D istrict Judge Irving R. Kaufman in New Y ork, acting upon application of the governm ent to seek injunctive re lie f In the strik e. The Judge found that the strike had affected a substantial part of the m aritim e co m m erce of the United States, that its continuance would im peril the national health and safety, and that "im m ediate and irrep a rable damage would resu lt" if the restraining order was not granted. Hearings on the issuance of a tem porary injunction for the remaining 70-day p eriod w ere scheduled for the 15th. O ctober 9 W ork was resum ed at all ports with p riority given to about a dozen v e sse ls con taining p erish a b les. The A m erican A ssociation of Railroads lifted its freight em bargo put into effect on the first day of the strik e. Bargaining was expected to resum e on October 19, allowing tim e for the ports to return to norm al operating le v e ls . O ctober 15 Following an attempt by the governm ent to have the tem porary restraining order r e placed by a prelim in ary injunction (on O ctober 14), Judge Kaufman extended his original ord er until he ruled on the m otion for a further 70-day injunction. ILA officia ls asked the court to have an injunction guarantee that an anticipated pay in crea se be made retroactive to the day m em bers returned to w ork. Judge Kaufman re se rv e d decision on this point. October 17 Judge Kaufman issu ed a full injunction assuring continuation of w ork for the statutory period as provided for in the a ct. At the same tim e, he denied the union*s request for r e tr o activity by asserting he was neither em pow ered nor inclined to use the injunctive p ro ce ss for "m atters ordinarily left to n eg otia tion ." 27 Executive O rder 10842, Oct. 6, 1959, and Sec. 206, Labor-M anagem ent Relations (Taft-H artley) A ct, 1947. 28 Report to the President of the Labor Dispute Involving Longshorem en and A ssociated Occupations in the M aritim e Industry on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast by the Board of Inquiry created by Executive Order 10842, Oct. 7, 1959. 29 New York—New J ersey law, under which the com m ission operates, made it manda tory for anyone doing pier w ork to be reg istered by the agency— a p rocess that involves screening to bar crim in als from the p ie r s . 56 O ctober 20 Negotiations resum ed with no significant p ro g re ss reported . A set of "broad p rin c ip le s " and "s p e c ific recom m en dation s" w ere prop osed by em ployers for dealing with the problem s of automation. Details w ere not made public. O ctober 26 The ILA re jected the shipping a s s o cia tio n ^ p rop osals as "not a fair o f f e r ." N ovem ber 4 E m ployers re jected union p rop osals for royalty payments on each ton of ca rg o handled in shipping containers unless the union agreed to reductions in the w ork fo r c e . P rev iou sly , shippers had offered to pay into a fund 25 cents a ton on "unitized" or "con ta in erized " cargo loaded or unloaded on the docks by w ork ers other than longshorem en. A lso sought was agreem ent to allow installation of autom atic carg o handling equipment and the right to regu late the size of w ork gangs. N ovem ber 24 As a "b a s is " for settlem ent, the ILA accepted p rop osals of Federal m ediators calling for a 41 -cen t-a n -h ou r package, with a 12-cen t-an -h ou r raise retroa ctive to O ctober 1, and 5-cen t in crea ses to follow on O ctober 1, I960, and O ctober 1, 1961. In addition, the w elfare contribution would be in crea sed by 7 cents an hour, of which 3 cents would be earm arked for clin ic s , and the pension fund contribution would be in crea sed by 7 cents an hour. Three new paid holidays would be added to the present 5 at the rate of 1 a y ea r, and vacations would be lib e ra lize d . E m ployers w ere noncom m ital on the p ro p o sa ls. N ovem ber 27 The union rejected an em ployer solution to the problem of introduction o f la b o rsaving equipment which ca lled for a 6-m onth period of direct negotiations, after the contract was signed, on using and manning m echanical d ev ices. If an agreem ent could not be reached in the 6 months, the issu e would go to arbitration, according to the p rop osa l. D ecem ber 1 N egotiators reached a b a sic agreem ent including a m aster contract setting term s for wages and benefits for dock ers from Maine to V irgin ia. M onetary term s w ere essentially the same as prop osed ea rlie r in the 41-cen t-a n -h ou r package, consisting of 12 cents r e tr o active to O ctober 1, 1959; an additional 5 cents effective O ctober 1, I960, and 5 cents e f fective O ctober 1, 1961; sixth, seventh, and eighth paid holidays added in fir s t, second, and third contract y e a r, resp ectiv ely; qualifying tim e for 2 and 3 w e e k s1 vacation pay reduced to 1,100 and 1,300 hours a y e a r, resp ectiv ely (w ere 1,200 and 1,500); 14 cents an hour com pany payment to pension fund (was 7 cents); 21 cents an hour company payment to w el fare fund (was 14 cents), including 3 cents for m edical clin ic s . M echanization issu e— em ployers agreed not to reduce the size of the standard 20man w ork gang and to use ILA m em bers to load or reload containers when w ork is done at the p ie r . The question o f a penalty payment to the union for containers loaded off the pier was left for further negotiation. If no settlem ent was reached in 2 w eeks, it was agreed that this issu e would be arbitrated, with a d ecision to be made within 30 days of su bm ission . Settlements subsequently reached at other Atlantic and Gulf Coasts ports during D ecem ber provided benefits sim ila r to the agreem ent with the New Y ork Shipping A s s o c ia tion, except for lo ca l w ork ru les. Union m em bers w ere to vote on the agreem ent on D ecem ber 10. 57 D ecem ber 3 A "m em orandum of settlem ent” was signed including all but one of the provision s agreed upon e a r lie r . Contract talks resum ed in New Orleans and G alveston, as well as in other ports in the South, w here agreem ents are negotiated on a port basis generally patterned after the New York agreem ent. D ecem ber 6 Ag reem ents w ere reached on loca l conditions and the 41-cent-an-hour in Boston, B altim ore, and Philadelphia. wage package D ecem ber 7 The P residential Board o f Inquiry reconvened in Washington. Testim ony presented by representatives of the union and em ployers indicated substantial p ro g re ss toward a settle ment. The board*s second report was transm itted to the P resident. Agreem ent was reached for Norfolk—Hampton Roads. D ecem ber 10 ILA m em bers in ports from Maine to V irginia overw helm ingly ratified the new a g re e m ent. P ort of Philadelphia w ork ers did not vote, but union and em ployers had agreed upon a m aster con tract. The union drew up a separate agreem ent covering working conditions with the Philadelphia M arine Trade A ssociation . Issues at South Atlantic and Gulf ports still rem ained unsettled. D ecem ber 14 The New York wage pattern was offered in M obile, New O rleans, and G alveston. Other issu es rem ained unsettled. D ecem ber 17 Philadelphia longshorem en ratified a 3-y ea r contract. F ederal m ediators in Gal veston announced that final offers by em ployers and demands by the union had been rejected . D ecem ber 23 Longshorem en and em ployers in New Orleans agreed on a 3-y e a r pact averting a renewed strike on the 28th. Money term s of the contract w ere identical with the agreem ent reached in New Y ork . On the 21st and 22d, Gulf Coast longshorem en had voted overw helm ingly against the “last o ffe r ” of the sh ippers. Agreem ent had not been reached in M obile over the size of w ork cre w s. Settlement was reached in Galveston on all issu e s. D ecem ber 26 Shippers and union o fficia ls in M obile, the only remaining unsettled port, agreed to the 3-y e a r contract. On D ecem ber 27, the injunction was lifted . 59 Appendix D: Scope, Methods, and Definitions 30 W ork Stoppage Statistics The B ureau's statistics include all work stoppages occu rrin g in the United States involving as many as six w ork ers and lasting the equivalent of a full day or shift or longer. Definitions Strike or Lockout. A strike is defined as a tem porary stoppage of work by a group of em ployees (not n ecessa rily m em bers of a union) to ex p ress a grievance or en force a de mand. A lockout is a tem porary withholding of work from a group of em ployees by an em ployer (or group of em p loy ers) in ord er to induce the em ployees to accept the e m p loy er's term s. Because of the com plexities involved in m ost labo r - manage mi ent disputes, the Bureau m akes no effort to determ ine whether the stoppages are initiated by the w ork ers or the em p lo y e rs. The term s Mstrik en and "w ork stoppage" are used interchangeably in this report. W orkers and Id len ess. F igu res on "w ork ers in volved" and "m an-days id le" include all w ork ers made idle for one shift or longer in establishm ents directly involved in a stop page. They do not m easure secondary id len ess— that is, the effects of a stoppage on other establishm ents or industries whose em ployees may be made idle as a result of m aterial or se rv ice shortages. The total number counted m ore than once if (Thus, in 19^9, 365,000 to prised 1. 15 m illion of the of w ork ers involved in strikes in a given year includes w ork ers they w ere involved in m ore than one stoppage during that y ear. 400,000 coal m iners struck on 3 different o cca sion s; they co m y e a r 's total of 3. 03 m illion w ork ers. ) In som e prolonged stoppages, it is n ecessa ry to estim ate in part the tutal m an-days of idleness if the exact number of w ork ers idle each day is not known. Significant changes in the number of w ork ers idle are secured from the parties for use in computing m an-days of idlen ess. Idleness as P ercen t of Total Working T im e . In computing the number of w ork ers involved in strikes as a percent of total employm ent and idleness as a percent of total w ork ing tim e, the follow ing figures fo r total employment have been used: F rom 1927 to 195 0, all em ployees w ere counted, except those in occupations and p rofession s in which little, if any, union organization existed or in which stop pages ra rely, if ev er, o ccu rred . In m ost industries, all wage and salary w ork e r s w ere included except those in executive, m anagerial, or high supervisory po sitions, or those perform in g professiona l work the nature of which made union organization o r group action unlikely. The figure excluded all self-em p loy ed p erson s; dom estic w ork ers; w ork ers on farm s em ploying few er than six person s; all F ed eral and State governm ent em ployees; and o fficia ls, both elected and appointed, in lo ca l governm ents. Beginning in 1951, the B ureau's estim ates of total employment in nonagricultural establishm ents, exclu sive of governm ent, have been used. Idleness computed on the basis of nonagricultural employment (exclusive of governm ent) usually d iffers by le s s than one-tenth of a percentage point from that obtained by the form er method, while the percentage of w ork ers idle (com pared with total em ploym ent) d iffers by about 0.5 of a point. F o r exam ple, the percentage of w ork ers idle during 1950 com puted on the same base as the figures for e a rlie r y ea rs was 6.9, and the p e r cent of idleness was 0.4 4 , com pared with 6 .3 and 0.40, resp ectively, computed on the new base. "E stim ated working tim e" is computed by multiplying the average number of w ork ers em ployed during the year by the number of days typically worked by m ost em ployees. In the com putations, Saturdays (when custom arily not worked), Sundays, and established holidays as provided in m ost union contracts are excluded. 30 M ore detailed inform ation is available in Techniques of Preparing M ajor BL.S Statis tical S eries (BLS Bull. 1168), D ecem ber 1954, p. 106: 60 D uration. Although only workdays are used in computing m an-days of total idleness, duration is ex p ressed in term s of calendar days, including nonworkdays. State Data. Stoppages occu rrin g in m ore than one State are listed separately in each State affected. The w ork ers and m an-days of idleness are allocated among each of the affected S ta tes.31 The p roced u res outlined here have a lso been used in preparing estim ates of idlen ess by State. M etropolitan A rea Data. Inform ation is tabulated separately for the areas that cu r rently com p rise the list of standard m etropolitan areas issued by the Bureau of the Budget in addition to a few com m unities h istorica lly included in the strike se rie s before the stand ard m etropolitan area list was com piled. The areas to which the strike statistics apply are those established by the Bureau of the Budget. Inform ation is published only for those areas in which at least five stoppages w ere record ed during the year. Some m etropolitan areas include counties in m ore than one State, and, hence, sta tistics for an area may occa sion a lly equal or exceed the total for the State in which the m ajor city is located. Unions Involved. Inform ation includes the union(s) d irectly participating in the d is pute, although the count of w ork ers includes all who are made idle for one shift or longer in establishm ents directly involved in the dispute, including m em bers of other unions and non union w ork ers. Source of Inform ation O ccu rren ce o f S trik es. - Inform ation as to actual or probable existence of work stop pages is co lle cte d from a number of so u rce s. Clippings on labor disputes are obtained from a com prehensive covera ge of daily and weekly newspapers throughout the country. Inform a tion is receiv ed regularly from the F ederal M ediation and C onciliation S ervice. Other sou rces o f inform ation include State boards of m ediation and arbitration; resea rch divisions o f State labor departm ents; lo ca l o ffice s of State em ploym ent security agen cies, channeled through the Bureau of Em ploym ent Security of the U. S. Department of Labor; and trade and union jou rn a ls. Some em ployer a ssocia tion s, com panies, and unions also furnish the Bureau with work stoppage inform ation on a voluntary cooperative basis either as stoppages occu r or p eriod ica lly . Respondents to Q uestionnaire.- A questionnaire is m ailed to the parties reported as involved in work stoppages to obtain inform ation on the number of w ork ers involved, duration, m a jor issu es, location , method of settlem ent, and other pertinent inform ation. Lim itations o f Data. —Although the Bureau seeks to obtain com plete cov era ge, i . e . , a "ce n su s’ 1 of all strikes involving six or m ore w ork ers and lasting a full shift or m ore, inform ation is undoubtedly m issing on some of the sm aller strik es. P resum ably, a llow ance for these m issin g strikes would not substantially affect the figures for number of w ork e r s and m an-days of idlen ess. In its effo rts to im prove the com pleteness of the count of stoppages, the Bureau has sought to develop new so u rces of inform ation as to the probable existence of such stoppages. Over the y e a rs, these sou rces have probably in crea sed the number of strikes record ed , but have had little effect on the number of w ork ers or total idlen ess. Beginning in m i d - 1950, a new source of strike “ le a d s’* was added through a co o p erative arrangem ent with the Bureau of Employment Security of the U. S. Department of Labor by which lo c a l o ffice s o f State em ploym ent security agencies supply monthly r e ports on w ork stoppages com ing to their attention. It is estim ated that this in crea sed the number of strikes reported in 1950 by about 5 percent, and in 1951 and 1952, by app roxi m ately 10 percent. Since m ost of these stoppages w ere sm all, they in crea sed the number of w ork ers involved and m an-days of idleness by le ss than 2 percent in 1950 and by less than 3 percent in 1951 and 1952. T ests of the effect of this added source of inform ation have not been made since 1952. A s new lo ca l agencies having knowledge of the existence of work stoppages are e s tablished, or changes are made in their collection m ethods, ev ery effort is made to estab lish cooperative arrangem ents with them. 31 The same procedure is follow ed in allocating data on stoppages occu rrin g in m ore than one industry, industry group, or m etropolitan area. ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : I960 O - 564471
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