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Analysis of Work Stoppages During 1950 Bulletin No. 1035 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR J. T o b in , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E w a n C l a g u e , Com m issioner M a u r ic e Analysis of Work Stoppages During 1950 Bulletin No. 1035 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR J. T o b in , Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS E w a n C l a g u e , Com m issioner M a u r ic e For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 20 cents Letter of Transmittal U n it e d S t a t e s B D e p a r t m e n t u r e a u o f L o f , a b o r L a b o r S , , t a t is t ic s , Washington D. C., July 15 1951 The I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on work stoppages during the year 1950. A portion of this report was printed in the Monthly Labor Review for May 1951. This report was prepared by Ann J. Herlihy, Bernard Yabroff, and Daniel P. Willis, Jr., with the assistance of other members of the staff of the Bureau’s Division of Industrial Relations, under the direction of Nelson M. Bortz. The Bureau wishes to acknowledge the widespread cooperation given by employers, unions, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, and various State agencies in furnishing information on which the statistical data in this report are based. Commissioner. Hon. J. S e c r e t a r y o f L a b o r T o b in : E M a u r ic e , Secretary oj Labor . w a n C l a g u e , Contents Introduction________________________________________________________________ “National emergency” disputes_______________________________________________ State seizures________________________________________________________________ Monthly trend—Leading stoppages___________________________________________ Major issues involved________________________________________________________ Industries affected___________________________________________________________ States involved______________________________________________________________ Cities involved______________________________________________________________ Unions involved_____________________________________________________________ Dispute status—Before and at time of stoppage________________________________ Establishments involved______________________________________________________ Size of stoppages____________________________________________________________ Duration of stoppages________________________________________________________ Methods of terminating stoppages_____________________________________________ Disposition of issues_________________________________________________________ Page 1 2 5 5 7 8 10 10 11 11 12 12 14 15 15 T ext T ables 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Work stoppages in the United States, 1916-50_____________________________ Work stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers, in selected periods-----------Monthly trends in work stoppages, 1949 and 1950_________________________ Major issues involved in work stoppages in 1950 ___________________________ Work stoppages beginning in 1950, by industry group______________________ Work stoppages in 1950, by State_________________________________________ Work stoppages in 1950 in selected cities__________________________________ Work stoppages in 1950, by affiliation of unions involved___________________ Work stoppages beginning in 1950 and number of workers involved, by length of dispute_____________________________________________________________ 10. Work stoppages in 1950, by number of establishments involved______________ 11. Work stoppages in 1950, classified by number of workers involved---------------12. Work stoppages beginning in 1950, in which 10,000 or more workers were involved13. Duration of work stoppages ending in 1950________________________________ 14. Method of terminating work stoppages ending in 1950______________________ 15. Disposition of issues in work stoppages ending in 1950______________________ A ppendix A Table A.—Work stoppages in 1950, by specific industry_________________________ Table B.—Work stoppages in 1950, by industry group and major issues--------------Table C.—Work stoppages in 1950 in States which had 25 or more stoppages during the year, by industry group_________________________________________________ Appendix B Methods of collecting strike statistics__________________________________________ (ni) 2 2 6 8 9 9 10 11 11 12 12 13 14 15 15 16 18 19 24 Analysis of Work Stoppages During 19501 and, with few exceptions, obtained wage increases substantially greater than those sought in the first 6 months. Few serious breakdowns in collective bargaining occurred in 1950, despite the large number of stop pages. Significant exceptions were the widespread coal stoppage continuing from 1949; several walk outs by railroad employees; prolonged strikes at the Chrysler Corp., International Harvester Co., and Deere & Co.; and disputes affecting large numbers of workers at General Electric Co., Western Electric Co., and at various construction projects. The 4,843 work stoppages recorded in 1950 exceeded by a third the 3,606 counted in 1949. This was in marked contrast to the relatively even and substantially lower strike levels of the postwar years after 1946 when the all-time high of 4,985 strikes was recorded. However, the number of workers involved was lower in 1950 than in 1949—2,410,000 compared with 3,030,000.2 Man-days idle also declined—23 percent—from 50.5 millions in 1949 (the second highest figure on record) to 38.8 million in 1950 (table 1). In the first 3 months of the year, strikes de clined slightly below levels in corresponding periods in 1947 and 1949. In the second quarter, following customary patterns of increasing labormanagement contract negotiations, strikes rose substantially and continued upward in the summer and early autumn. Although the number of con troversies declined seasonally in the final quarter* Introduction With the general upturn in business activity in 1950, labor-management tensions, which in recent years had gradually subsided from their wartime peak, became more evident, especially in certain industries. As a result, the number of strikes increased sharply to near-record levels. Proposals for improved health, insurance, and/or pension plans, which had been accelerated in 1949, continued to be prominent in many important col lective-bargaining negotiations in 1950, especially during the first 6 months. In many instances, such benefit plans were established by agreements, without resort to work stoppages, in such diverse industries as automobiles, apparel, textiles, rubber, public utilities, and flat glass. Also covered by employee-benefit agreements were industries char acterized by casual employment (e. g., building trades, longshoring, maritime, etc.) in which few, if any, insurance or pension programs existed prior to 1950. These issues, either alone or combined with wage demands, accounted for more than 50 percent of the total strike idleness during the year. In the field of wages, the General Motors 5year agreement with the United Automobile Work ers (CIO), harmoniously concluded on May 24, gave prominent evidence of the effect that ex panding business activity and sustained near-ca pacity production levels had on labor-management relations. The agreement retained the cost-ofliving wage provisions, increased the annual im provement factor, provided for a pension fund, and established a modified union shop. This set tlement influenced the peaceful conclusion of wage agreements by the Chrysler Corp. on August 25, and the Ford Motor Co. on September 4, as well as in a number of other industries. After the outbreak of the Korean war in mid1950, demands for wage increases came to the forefront. Unions, anticipating early institution of Federal wage controls with a resultant loss in real earnings because of rising prices, proposed * All known work stoppages arising out of labor-management disputes, in volving six or more workers and continuing a full day or shift or longer are included in reports of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Figures on “workers involved” and “man-days idle” cover all workers made idle for one shift or longer in establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or secondary effects on other establishments or indus tries whose employees are made idle as a result of material or service shortages. * The 1949 figure for workers involved includes some 365,000 to 400,000 bituminous-coal miners who were idle on three separate occasions. The 1950 figure excludes miners who were out from January to March, since this stoppage had begun in 1949 and was counted in that year. However, the man-days of idleness occurring in 1950 are, of course, included in the 1950 total. (i) 2 T able 1.— W ork stoppages in the U n ited S ta tes , 1 9 1 6 -5 0 Man-days idle Work stoppages Workers involved Year Average Per dura Num Percent Num Percent esti Num tion (in ber (in of total ber (in of mated worker ber thou working in calen thou em dar sands ) 12 ployed 3 sands ) time 4 volved days) 1916 1917___ 1918___ 1919___ 1920___ 1921___ 1922___ 1923___ 1924___ 1925___ 1926___ 3,789 4,450 3,353 3,630 3,411 2,385 1,112 1, 553 1,249 1,301 1,035 1927___ 1928___ 1929___ 1930___ 1931___ 1932___ 1933___ 1934___ 1935___ 1936___ 1937___ 707 604 921 637 810 841 1, 695 1,856 2,014 2,172 4,740 1938___ 1939___ 1940___ 1941___ 1942___ 1943___ 1944___ 1945___ 1946___ 1947___ 1948___ 1949___ 1950___ 2,772 2, 613 2,508 4,288 2, 968 3, 752 4,956 4, 750 4,985 3, 693 3,419 3,606 4,843 1,600 1,230 1,240 4,160 1, 460 1,100 1,610 757 655 428 330 8.4 6.3 6.2 20.8 7.2 6.4 8.7 3.5 3.1 2.0 L5 ( 8) ( 8) ( 5) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) 26.5 27.6 22.6 22.3 18.8 19.6 16.9 19.5 23.8 23.3 20.3 330 314 289 183 342 324 1,170 1,470 1,120 789 1,860 1.4 1.3 1.2 .8 1.6 1.8 6.3 7.2 5.2 3.1 7.2 26,200 12,600 5,350 3, 320 6,890 10, 500 16,900 19, 600 15,500 13, 900 28, 400 0.37 .17 .07 .05 .11 .23 .36 .38 .29 .21 .43 79.5 40.2 18.5 18.1 20.2 32.4 14.4 13.4 13.8 17.6 15.3 23.6 23.4 20.9 18.3 11.7 5.0 5.6 9.9 24.2 25.6 21.8 22.5 19.2 688 1,170 577 2,360 840 1,980 2,120 3,470 4,600 2,170 1, 960 3,030 2,410 2.8 4.7 2.3 8.4 2.8 6.9 7.0 12.2 14.5 6.5 5.5 9.0 6.9 9,150 17,800 6,700 23, 000 4,180 13, 500 8, 720 38,000 116,000 34, 600 34,100 50, 500 38, 800 .15 .28 .10 .32 .05 .15 .09 .47 1.43 .41 .37 .59 13.3 15.2 11.6 9.8 5.0 6.8 4.1 11.0 25.2 15.9 17.4 16.7 16.1 ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 5) ( 8) (8) (8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 5) O) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) (8) ( 8) ( 8) .4 4 ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) ( 8) 1 Information on the number of workers involved in some strikes which occurred from 1916 to 1926 is not available. However, the missing informa tion is for the smaller disputes, and it is believed that the totals here given are fairly accurate. 2 The figures on number of workers involved, as shown in the table, in clude duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage during the year. This is particularly significant for the 1949 figure, since 365,000 to 400,000 miners were out on 3 distinct occasions during the year, comprising 1,150,000 workers of a total of 3,030,000 workers for the country. 3 “Total employed workers” (based on nonagricultural employment reported by the Bureau) as used here refers to all workers except those in occupations and professions in which there is little if any union organization or in which strikes rarely if ever occur. In most industries, it includes all wage and salary workers except those in executive, managerial, or high supervisory positions, or those performing professional work the nature of which makes union organization or group action impracticable. It excludes all self-employed, domestic workers, agricultural wage workers on farms employing fewer than 6 persons, all Federal and State government em ployees, and the officials, both elected and appointed, in local governments. 4 For each year, “estimated working time” was computed for purposes of this table by multiplying the average number of employed workers (see footnote 3) by the number of days worked by most employees. This number excludes Saturdays when customarily not worked, Sundays, and established holidays. «Not available. of the year, it was higher than in comparable periods of the preceding postwar years (1946-49). Twenty-two stoppages beginning in 1950 in volved 10,000 or more workers, compared with 18 stoppages in 1949, 20 in 1948, and 15 in 1947. On the other hand, approximately half the 1950 strikes involved fewer than 100 workers each. These accounted for a relatively small proportion of workers and man-days idle, in contrast to the 22 large stoppages which included almost a third of all strike participants and over half the aggregate idleness (table 2). Average duration of all strikes declined to 19.2 calendar days in 1950, the lowest level in recent postwar years. Strike duration for 1946, 1947, 1948, and 1949 was, respectively, 24.2, 25.6, 21.8, and 22.5 days. The 1950 decline was attributable to the large proportion of relatively brief strikes and the absence of long Nation-wide strikes (except coal) involving large numbers of workers. T able 2. — W ork stoppages involving 10,000 or m ore w orkers , in selected periods Stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers Period 1935-39 aver age— 1941________ 1946....... ....... 1947________ 1948________ 1949________ 1950________ Workers involved Percent Num of total Percent for ber total period Number 1 of for period 11 29 31 15 20 18 22 0.4 .7 .6 .4 .6 .5 .5 365,000 1,070,000 2,920,000 1,030,000 870,000 1,920, 000 738,000 32.4 45.3 63.6 47.5 44.5 63.2 30.7 Man-days idle Number 5,290,000 9,340,000 66,400, 000 17, 700,000 18, 900,000 34, 900, 000 21,700,000 Percent of total for period 31.2 40.5 57.2 51.2 55.3 69.0 56.0 1 Figures on number of workers involved, include duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than 1 stoppage during the year, in which case they were counted separately for each stoppage. This is par ticularly significant for the 1949 figure, since 365,000 to 400,000 miners were out on 3 separate and distinct occasions during the year, thus comprising 1,150,000 of a total of 3,030,000 workers for the country as a whole. “National Emergency” Disputes Labor-management disputes, generally desig nated as “national emergency” disputes, are of two types: (1) Disputes specified in the Labor Management Relations Act as imperiling the “national health and safety” and (2) disputes designated under the Railway Labor Act “which threaten substantially to interrupt interstate com merce to a degree such as to deprive any section of the country of essential transportation service.” During 1950, the national emergency proce dures provided under the Labor Management Relations Act were invoked only once—in con nection with the protracted bituminous-coal dis pute. No recourse was made to this machinery in 1949; in 1948 it had been invoked on seven occasions, four of which resulted in work stoppages. 3 B itu m in o u s-C o a l C on troversy . The coal stoppage first began in September 1949 as an industry wide walk-out over new contract terms and con tinued for approximately 6 weeks. Subsequently sporadic stoppages recurred in various coal fields until the first week of February 1950 when the stoppage again became general throughout the industry. The major issues centered on the union’s demand for (1) increased employer con tributions to the union pension and welfare fund, (2) wage increases, and (3) a reduction in the workday. The mine operators insisted on elimi nation of certain provisions previously included in the contract, e. g., the union-shop clause, the “willing and able” to work clause, and the clause permitting the union to halt work during “me morial periods.” On February 6, 1950, after all efforts to obtain voluntary agreement between the coal operators and the United Mine Workers (Ind.) had failed, the President invoked the national emergency provisions of the Labor Man agement Relations Act and appointed a board of inquiry to investigate the dispute and report by February 13. The Board’s report, submitted on February 11, noted that immediate settlement of the dis pute was unlikely. A court restraining order, issued the same day, directed that the strike be discontinued and production resumed for a 10day period (later extended for the full 80 days provided by law). The miners’ refusal to return to work, despite instructions by their president calling for compliance with the court order, resulted in contempt charges filed against the union on February 20. When the proceedings were dismissed on March 2 on the ground that the charges had not been supported by sufficient evidence, President Truman recommended to Congress that the mines be seized by the Govern ment. Such action was made unnecessary by settlement of the dispute on March 5. The agreement provided for increases of 70 cents in the basic daily wage and of 10 cents per ton—from 20 to 30 cents—in the employers’ pay ment into the welfare and retirement fund; con tinuance of the union shop “ to the extent . . . permitted by law” ; limitation of memorial period stoppages; and elimination of the “ able and will ing” clause. The new contract, effective until July 1, 1952, permitted reopening on wage ques tions after April 1, 1951.3 R a ilro a d D isp u te s . During 1950, several seri ous work stoppages and one critical Nation-wide strike threat involved the railroad industry. Three of these disputes, two of which resulted in Federal seizure of railroad properties, are de scribed here. D iesel case: A 7-day strike by 18,000 mem bers of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen beginning on May 10, idled approximately 175,000 workers on five large railroads: the Pennsylvania; New York Central; Southern; Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe; and Union Pacific. (The last-named system became involved when its firemen refused to operate trains over Santa Fe tracks.) The dispute involved a long-standing union pro posal, twice refused by Presidential emergency boards, that an extra fireman (helper) be placed on multiple-unit Diesel locomotives as an added safety measure. However, the specific terms of the settlement, reached on May 16, did not deal directly with this issue. The parties agreed to correct some wage differentials for firemen on different types of locomotives. They also agreed to arbitrate (1) a union claim that employment of “special duty” men, instead of firemen, to per form certain maintenance work on high-speed pas senger Diesel locomotives violated the terms of existing agreement, and (2) the question of em ploying firemen on small switching Diesels. S witchmen’s case: The strike of members of the Switchmen’s Union of North America (AFL), which occurred June 25 on five western and midwestern railroads, idled approximately 59,000 workers. It followed the union’s rejection of an emergency board’s recommendations to reduce the workweek for yard-service employees from 48 to* * The miners' agreement, like many other long term contracts, was re opened prior to its scheduled date. By agreement reached in late January, bituminous-coal miners were granted a wage increase of 20 cents an hour and the termination date of the existing contract was changed to March 31, 1952. The contract was to continue after that date unless either the mine operators or the union gives 60 days' notice of termination. For a detailed summary of the 1949-50 coal mining stoppages, see United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 1003, Analysis of Work Stoppages During 1949, 4 Chart 1. Trends in Work Stoppages THOUSANDS MILLIONS UNITED STATES -DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 40 hours, with a partially compensating wage increase of 18 cents an hour.4 It was largely ter minated on July 6 when the union ordered resump tion of work on four of the railroads. However, continuance of the walk-out on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad, resulted in an Execu tive order (on July 8), directing the Army to seize and operate this road. The men returned to their jobs in compliance with a Federal District Court order issued on the same day. Settlement of the dispute occurred on September 1 when the union and 10 western and midwestern railroads agreed to a 3-year contract which provided for a wage increase of 23 cents an hour and a cost-of-living escalator clause. BRT-ORC case: All of the country’s major railroad lines were seized by the Federal Govern ment on August 27 to avert a Nation-wide strike 4 The 40-hour week issue was also before the same Board in a broader case involving the Order of Railway Conductors (Ind.) and the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen (Ind.). In its report on April 18 in the Switchmen’s dispute, the Board stated that it had been unable to make a complete investi gation within the 30-day limit prescribed under the Railway Labor Act. It recommended, therefore, that the issues in the two cases be considered jointly and that the Switchmen be accorded the same treatment as might subsequently be recommended for the Conductors and Trainmen. All unions involved rejected the Board’s report of June 15, recommending a 40-hour basic week and an 18-cent-an-hour wage increase. scheduled for the next day. The Government’s action followed unsuccessful efforts to settle an 18-month dispute over a 40-hour week for yard service employees and numerous rules changes for road service employees.4 The unions involved were the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen (Ind.) and Order of Railway Conductors (Ind.), repre senting 250,000 workers. White House-sponsored conferences during August resulted in an offer by the carriers of a 23-cent an hour wage increase plus further increases geared to the cost-of-living in place of the terms that had been recommended by the emergency board on June 15. The unions rejected the proposal. Union requests for Gov ernment seizure of the railroads were followed by scattered 5-day “token” strikes beginning on August 21 and 22 and by the scheduling of a Nation-wide withdrawal from service on August 28. An Executive order, issued August 25, di rected the Army to take over operation of the railroads on August 27. The President called the seizure action “imperative for the protection of our citizens.” The unions postponed indefi nitely the threatened strike upon announcement of the Government’s intervention. 5 On December 13, unrest among yard members of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen (Ind.) over the long-deferred settlement resulted in a strike at rail terminals in Chicago, 111. Within 2 days, it had spread to terminals in St. Louis, Mo.; Washington, D. C.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; and other cities. Issuance of court-restraining orders and appeals by President Truman and union officials, brought the idle workers back to their jobs on December 16. However, the prolonged dispute remained unresolved at the year’s end.5 State Seizures Strikes and an impending stoppage in the vital public utility industry were met by resort to State seizure action. The facilities of the New Jersey Bell Telephone Co. and Public Service Electric and Gas Co. of New Jersey were seized under the provisions of that State’s public utility anti-strike law. In the telephone dispute this action was taken on March 1 in order to prevent an imminent strike by traffic members of the Communications Workers of America (CIO), following prolonged negotiations with the company over wage and union-security issues. An arbitration board, ap pointed under the anti-strike law, awarded a wage increase and a modified union-shop to approximately 10,000 telephone operators on April 20. This award was reversed by the State Supreme Court on October 2, on appeal by the company, although the Court dismissed the claim that the law itself was unconstitutional. Holding that the arbitration board had failed to show whether its wage award was based upon “facts or speculation,” the Court directed the board to reconsider the case on the basis of “findings of fact.” The Court held also that the board’s requirement that the company accept a modified union-shop provision conflicted with the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947. The parties reached a settlement of the disputed issues on October 6, the day on which the union scheduled a strike protesting the Court decision. 5 In the autumn of 1950, negotiations under the auspices of John R. Steel man, assistant to the President, broadened to include the question of a general wage increase. The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the Brother hood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen were also included in the discussions. On December 21, a tentative agreement was announced but early in January 1951 the general chairmen of all four brotherhoods rejected the proposed settlement. 964946—51-----2 In the Public Service controversy, the com pany’s properties were taken over by the State on May 15, following a 6-day stoppage for increased wages by some 4,000 maintenance and installa tion workers represented by the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (AFL). The strikers returned to work the next day and an agreement was concluded after further negotia tions. Three additional plants of the company also were seized on December 21, following a 1-day stoppage by production workers. An agreement was reached on December 21 with workers at the Jersey City plant represented by the Steamfitters, Plumbers, and Pipefitters Union (AFL). Settlements with the International Chemical Workers Union (AFL) and the Federation of Paterson Gas Workers (Ind.) representing the striking workers at the Harrison and the Pater son plants, respectively, were not reached until mid-January 1951. Monthly Trend—Leading Stoppages As the year 1950 began, there were 120 stop pages in effect which had continued from 1949. The most prominent of these was the recurring strike of bituminous-coal miners. (See p. 3.) In the first quarter of 1950 fewer stoppages started than in any corresponding period in the postwar years, except 1948. Most of the strikes were small and brief. However, strike idleness reached the highest level of the year in February (table 3), as a result of industry-wide resumption of the bituminous-coal strike and the lengthy Chrysler strike. The 102-day Chrysler strike, which began on January 25 and involved 95,000 workers, ac counted for the second largest amount of time lost in the year. (The bituminous-coal stoppage was responsible for the largest number of mandays idle.) The stoppage arose out of differences between the company and the United Automobile Workers (CIO) over the form and administration of pensions and social insurance. In early May the parties signed a 3-year contract (with pension benefits effective for 5 years). Pensions of $100-amonth were provided, together with establishment of an actuarily determined, jointly administered pension trust fund; and various social-insurance benefits. 6 The other large first quarter stoppage was a 15-day strike in February and early March by 10,000 bituminous-coal miners in Illinois. These miners, represented by the Progressive Mine Workers (Ind.), obtained a wage increase similar to that obtained by the United Mine Workers (Ind.). Strikes increased substantially during the second quarter of the year. Idleness receded, however, as the result of the settlement of the bituminouscoal strike in March and the Chrysler strike in early May. During these 3 months, most stop pages were generally local and relatively brief; 7 each, however, involved 10,000 or more workers. The only large strike beginning in April was a 4-day stoppage of 12,000 building service em ployees employed by operators of apartment houses in New York City. T able 3. — M on th ly trends in work stoppages, 1949 an d 1950 Number of stoppages Month Workers involved in stoppages Begin ning Begin In ning effect in in during month month month (thou sands) Man-days idle during month In effect during month Num ber Per Num cent (thou of sands) ber (thou total em sands) ployed 1 Percent of esti mated work ing time2 1949 January____ _ February. March________ April_________ M ay________ June_____ July--------------August_______ September____ October_____ November____ December____ 274 239 289 360 449 377 343 365 287 256 197 170 382 369 436 531 678 632 603 643 536 475 388 323 77.1 77.5 490.0 160.0 231.0 572.0 110.0 134.0 507.0 570.0 56.6 45.5 99.7 100.0 520.0 208.0 309.0 673.0 249.0 232.0 603.0 977.0 914.0 417.0 0. 29 .32 1.56 .62 .93 2.01 .74 .68 1.76 2.92 2.72 1.23 726 675 3,460 1,880 3,430 4,470 2,350 2,140 6,270 17,500 6,270 1,350 0.10 .10 .45 .27 .49 .61 .35 .27 .87 2.49 .93 .19 248 206 298 407 485 483 463 635 521 550 329 218 368 358 453 605 723 768 732 918 820 801 605 423 170.0 56.5 85.2 159.0 354.0 278.0 224.0 346.0 270.0 197.0 200.0 61.1 305.0 527.0 566.0 294.0 508.0 373.0 389.0 441.0 450.0 330.0 308.0 114.0 .93 1.63 1.71 .88 1.49 1.07 1.11 1.22 1.23 .90 .84 .31 2,730 8, 590 3,870 3,280 3,270 2,630 2,750 2,660 3,510 2, 590 2,050 912 .40 1.39 .51 .49 .44 .34 .39 .32 .48 .32 .27 .12 1950 January______ February_____ March_______ April_________ M ay_________ June_________ July__________ August_______ September___ October______ November____ December____ 1 “ Total employed workers” (based on nonagricultural employment re ported by the Bureau) as used here refers to all workers except those in occu pations and professions in which there is little if any union organization or in which strikes rarely if ever occur. In most industries, it includes all wage and salary workers except those in executive, managerial, or high supervisory positions or those performing professional work the nature of which makes union organization or group action impracticable. It excludes all self-em ployed, domestic workers, agricultural wage workers on farms employing fewer than 6 persons, all Federal and State government employees, and the officials, both elected and appointed, in local governments. 2 For each year, “ estimated working time” was computed for purposes of this table by multiplying the average number of employed workers (see footnote 1) by the number of days worked by most employees. This number excludes Saturdays when customarily not worked, Sundays, and established holidays. Three large stoppages were attributable to wage disputes in the construction industry. Strikes affecting 10,000 construction workers in the Den ver, Colo., area, and 20,000 workers in the Buffalo, N. Y., area began on M ay 1 and continued for 80 and 40 days, respectively. In early June, 12,000 construction workers in Salt Lake City, Ogden, and other communities in Utah were idle for sev eral days. Each of these strikes was terminated by a wage settlement. Two of the year’s largest strikes occurred during the second quarter of the year: the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen (Ind.) in M ay and the Switchmen’s Union of North America (AFL) in late June. (See p. 3.) A 5-day strike of 13,000 bituminous-coal miners in Kentucky and Tennessee, during June, was terminated when the United Mine Workers (Ind.) and the mine operators agreed on the selection of a neutral member for their arbitration board. Strike incidence rose to its highest level of the year in the July-September period when a third of the year’s stoppages occurred, largely for higher wages. Ten large stoppages involving 10,000 or more workers occurred in this period—more than in any other quarter of the year. During July, 40,000 construction workers in Southern California were affected when the Carpenters’ Union (AFL) sought higher wages. By mid-August virtually all of the workers had returned to their jobs. Brief stoppages involving 12.000 Kaiser-Frazer Corp. employees over the disciplinary suspension of a union steward, and 20.000 Studebaker Corp. employees in a dispute over work standards, also occurred during July. The largest August strike— 52,000 International Harvester Co. employees in 5 States—involved three unions: United Automobile Workers (C IO ); Farm Equipment Division of the United Electrical, Kadio and Machine Workers (Ind.); and Inter national Association of Machinists (Ind.). The strike was partially settled on September 18 when the company and the FE-UE (Ind.) agreed on a 2-year contract providing for a 10-cents-an-hour wage increase. The IAM (Ind.) obtained wage increases and a modified union shop on October 1. Early in November the UAW (CIO) and the company signed a 5-year contract providing for an hourly wage increase of 10 cents, an escalator clause, a 4-cents-an-hour annual wage improve- 7 in Illinois and Iowa. It was the longest large strike in 1950— 111 days. The United Auto mobile Workers (CIO) and the company settled the dispute in December when they agreed to a 5-year contract including provisions for in creased wages, an escalator clause, an annual wage-improvement factor, and a modified union shop. Other major stoppages in September were: a 17-day wage strike involving 11,500 glass workers in 7 Eastern and Midwestern States and a 4-day stoppage involving 15,000 employees of the Hudson Motor Car Co. over a seniority grievance. Strike frequency declined in the last quarter of 1950 but still remained relatively high. Idle ness dropped to its lowest level of the year. In October, the only large stoppage was a 13-day strike involving 13,000 cotton pickers in the San Joaquin Valley of California. It was settled with a wage increase of approximately 17 percent. The largest strike in November— employees of the Western Electric Co. and the Michigan Bell Telephone Co.— occurred as a result of a lengthy wage dispute. Approximately 80,000 workers were idle at one time or another before agreements on wage increases were reached November 19.6 ment factor, and a modified union shop, thus ending the stoppage. Another significant stoppage in August in volved 40,000 General Electric Co. employees in 8 States in a dispute over wage and pension issues. Plans of the International Union of Elec trical, Radio and Machine Workers (CIO) to extend the strike to other GE plants across the Nation were abandoned on September 4, when the Director of the Federal Mediation and Con ciliation Service advised the parties that such action might seriously threaten national defense. The dispute was settled on September 15 with a 10-cents-an-hour wage increase, a further costof-living wage adjustment 6 months hence, and a contributory pension plan. Brief strikes by 12,000 employees of the Briggs Manufacturing Co., over a job-security issue, and by 15,000 employees of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co., over a job-reclassification dispute, also occurred in August. The most significant strike beginning in Sep tember involved 13,000 Deere and Co. employees The last large stoppage of the year was the wide spread December strike of 10,000 yard members of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. (See p. 4.) As the year closed, 151 small, localized stop pages were still in effect. Major Issues Involved Wages and related matters (including pensions and social insurance) constituted the most promi nent issues in work stoppages during 1950 as in 1949. Together or separately, they were of pri mary importance in over half of all strikes. They accounted for 60 percent of all workers involved and over 80 percent of strike idleness (table 4). Pensions and/or insurance issues (either alone or combined with important wage demands) were major issues in only 365 stoppages (approximately 6 Measurement of the number of workers involved for a full shift or more was complicated by the union’s technique of picketing, intermittently, first one, then another, of the companies’ plants and offices. This caused wide spread, scattered idleness for short periods which reportedly affected more than the 80,000 workers idle for a full shift or longer. 8 T able 4. — M a jo r issu es involved in work stoppages in 1950 Work stoppages beginning in 1950 Major issues Per Num cent ber of total Man-days idle during 1950 (all stoppages) Workers involved Num ber Per cent of total Number Per cent of total All issues__________________ 4,843 100.0 2,410,000 100.0 38,800,000 100.0 Wages and hours__________ 52.8 1,460,000 60.7 32,500,000 83.8 33.6 .7 771,000 13,900 32.0 8, 840,000 486,000 .6 22.8 1.3 1.4 98,000 .1 100 6.7 218,000 9.0 13,800,000 35.6 .8 9.5 116,000 245,000 4.8 7, 280,000 10.2 1,300,000 18.7 3.3 270 5.6 53,700 2.2 789,000 2.0 175 3.6 23,900 1.0 269,000 .7 2,559 Wage increase_______ - 1,630 Wage decrease_________ 32 Wage increase, hour de crease_______________ 67 Wage decrease, hour in crease_______________ 3 Wage increase, pension and/or social insurance benefits2____________ 325 Pension and/or social in surance benefits3_____ 40 Other____ ____________ 462 Union organization, wages and hours______ ________ Recognition, wages and/ or hours............... ........ Strengthening bargain ing position, wages and/or hours_________ Closed or union shop, wages and/or hours___ Discrimination, wages and/or hours_________ 4.1 815,000 1,100 0) 2.1 (0 23 .5 4,730 .2 122,000 .3 64 1.3 24,300 1.0 366,000 .9 8 .2 740 Union organization................ 649 13.4 Recognition___________ Strengthening bargain ing position_________ Closed or union shop___ Discrimination________ Other------------ ------ ------ 476 26 89 38 20 Other working conditions___ 1,065 31, 700 .1 76, 200 3.2 1, 560,000 4.0 9.9 33,700 1.4 580,000 1.5 .5 1.8 .8 .4 2,870 18,900 8, 630 12,100 .1 .8 .4 .5 113,000 502,000 153,000 212,000 .3 1.3 .4 .5 8.9 (0 22.0 746,000 30.9 3, 450,000 Job security *__________ Shop conditions and policies____ __________ Work load_____ _______ Other............... ............... 590 12.2 472,000 19.5 2,250,000 379 74 22 7.8 1.5 .5 198,000 47,200 28,400 8.2 2.0 1.2 855,000 254,000 93,700 2.2 .7 .2 Inter- or intra-union matters. 255 5.3 65,800 2.7 419,000 1.1 Sympathy_____________ Union rivalry or fac tionalism____________ Jurisdiction____________ Union regulations______ Other_____ __________ 49 1.0 18,600 .8 76,600 .2 77 123 3 3 1.6 2.5 .1 .1 20,900 24,900 900 430 .9 1.0 C1) 0) 152,000 188,000 1,210 1,240 Not reported................ ......... 45 .9 7,330 .3 65,800 5.8 .4 .5 (0 0) .2 1 Less than a tenth of 1 percent. 2 This category includes the strike of approximately 400,000 anthracite and bituminous-coal miners which began Sept. 19,1949, and terminated Mar. 5, 1950. 2 This category includes the 102-day strike of 95,000 workers at the Chrysler plants. * This category includes the 175,000 workers involved in the May railroad strike of firemen. 8 percent of the total) but yielded about half of the year’s total strike idleness. Although most of this idleness resulted from the bituminous-coal and Chrysler stoppages, these issues were im portant also in major walk-outs affecting the General Electric Co., Deere & Co., and building service employees in New York City apartment houses. Disputes over working conditions (other than wages and union organization matters), precipi tated about a fifth of the stoppages. These were generally terminated rather quickly and accounted for less than 10 percent of the year’s idleness. They accounted for almost a third of all workers. The largest of these strikes involved 175,000 railroad workers in May. Other large strikes in this group were the coal miners in Kentucky and Tennessee; Studebaker Corp. employees; em ployees of the Kaiser-Frazer Corp.; Briggs Co. workers; and Hudson M otor Car Co. employees. Union recognition, the closed or union shop, discrimination, and other union-security questions were the primary issues in about 13 percent of the work stoppages. These important issues, in con junction with wages, accounted for an additional 6 percent. For the most part, these stoppages were small and local in character and relatively minor in terms of workers involved and mandays idle. Jurisdictional, rival union, and sympathy strikes accounted for about 5 percent of all stoppages— about the same as in preceding postwar years. These stoppages affected only 3 percent of all workers and caused only 1 percent of the year’s strike idleness. Although the average strike in 1950 lasted 19.2 calendar days, important variations were notice able. Stoppages over combined issues of wages and union-organization matters averaged 26 calendar days compared with 44 days in 1949; on union organization matters alone they averaged 20 days compared with 29 days in 1949; those over wages and related demands lasted 18.5 days com pared with 26 days in 1949. Disputes over interor intra-union affairs averaged 16 days in both years but those over other working conditions lasted only 8.5 days in 1950 compared with 12 days in 1949. Industries Affected In terms of man-days of idleness, the mining and transportation-equipment industries were affected to the greatest extent (table 5). Owing largely to the widespread and protracted Nation-wide coal and Chrysler stoppages, approximately 10 9 T able 5. — W ork stoppages beginning in 1950, by in d u stry group Stoppages be ginning in 1950 Man-days idle during 1950 Work Num ers in volved ber (thou sands) Num ber (thou sands) Percent of esti mated work ing time 1 4,843 *2,410.0 38,800.0 0.44 Manufacturing...................... *2,705 1,450.0 22,900.0 Primary metal industries.......................... 309 142.0 1,180.0 Fabricated metal products (except ord nance, machinery, and transportation equipment). ................. .......................... 278 85.8 969.0 Ordnance and accessories........................ 2 .5 6.1 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies________________ ____________ 168 132.0 1,420.0 Machinery (except electrical)................... 317 224.0 4,410.0 Transportation equipment..... .................. 171 368.0 8, 540.0 Lumber and wood products (except fur niture)....................... .............................. 119 23.6 700.0 Furniture and fixtures.............. ................ 106 15.8 315.0 Stone, clay, and glass products_________ 132 44.6 652.0 Textile mill products_____ ____ _____ 147 48.4 686.0 Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 187 17.9 228.0 Leather and leather products.................... 84 25.3 157.0 Food and kindred products...................... 185 57.0 691.0 Tobacco manufactures............ ................ 5 2.8 33.0 Paper and allied products________ _____ 76 18.9 360.0 Printing, publishing, and allied industries. 54 10.4 240.0 Chemicals and allied p rod u cts............. 96 39.2 795.0 Products of petroleum and coal................ 22 16.4 792.0 Rubber products....... ........................ ...... 136.0 136 385.0 Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks..... ................ 26 23.1 158.0 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. 18.6 96 237.0 .66 .41 Industry group All industries_________________________ Nonmanufacturing.................. *2,138 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing.............. 12 Mining.............................................. ......... 508 Construction.................. ........................... 611 381 Trade.................. .............. ......................... Finance, insurance, and real estate....... . 31 Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_________________ 386 Services—personal, business, and other... 182 Government—administration, protection, and sanitation1....................................... 28 959.0 15,900.0 20.7 152.0 196.0 9,700.0 237.0 2,460.0 70.1 927.0 52.5 13.0 .73 1.40 2.88 able 6. — W ork stoppages in 1950 , by State Work stoppages beginning in 1950 State .38 .38 .55 .23 .08 .17 .19 .16 .33 .14 .50 1.39 .66 .27 .22 .30 0) 4.37 .44 .04 (<) .25 405.0 13.9 2,380.0 161.0 0) 3.9 32.7 0) million and 9 million man-days idle, respectively, were recorded in these industry groups— almost half of the total for 1950. Five other industry groups experienced as many as 1 million man-days idle in 1950. Except for the primary metals group in which stoppages were numerous but did not involve relatively large groups of workers, these instances also reflected the substantial effect of one or more major stop pages— the Deere & Co., and International Har vester strikes in the “ machinery (except elec trical)” group; stoppages Jby building and construc tion workers in the Los Angeles, Denver, and ----- 3 T .45 .11 1 See footnotes 1 and 2, table 3. * The figure on number of workers involved includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. * This figure is less than the sum of the figures below because a few stoppages which extend into two or more industry groups have been counted in this table as separate stoppages in each industry group affected; workers involved, and man-days idle were allocated to the respective groups. * Not available. 5 Stoppages involving municipally operated utilities are included under “ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.” 964946— 51 Buffalo areas, in the construction industry; rail road switchmen and firemen strikes in the “ trans portation, communication, and other public utili ties” group; and the General Electric Co. strike in the “ electrical machinery equipment and sup plies” group. The primary metal industries, which recorded a large share of the preceding year’s strike idleness as a result of the basic-steel Man-days idle during 1950 (all stoppages) Workers involved Num ber Number Per Number Per (thou cent of (thou cent of sands) total sands) total All States____________________ 1 4,843 *2,410.0 100.0 38,800.0 100.0 Alabama____________________ Arizona_____________________ Arkansas____________________ California___________________ Colorado______________ ______ Connecticut_________________ Delaware__________ _______ __ 108 23 21 238 34 83 11 51.1 8.0 4.1 138.0 24.5 13.3 5.1 2.1 .3 .2 5.7 1.0 .5 .2 676.0 55.3 144.0 1,630.0 528.0 87.1 55.4 1.7 .1 .4 4.2 1.4 .2 .1 District of Columbia_________ Florida___________________ ___ Georgia______________________ Idaho_________ ____ _________ Illinois........................................ Indiana_________ _______ ____ Iowa_________________ _____ _ 18 31 42 10 331 179 52 4.6 8.5 9.8 .5 164.0 159.0 32.4 .2 .4 .4 (*) 6.8 6.6 1.3 32.5 65.7 101.0 4.7 2,970.0 2,010.0 1,060.0 .1 .2 .3 (») 7.6 5.2 2.7 Kansas______________________ Kentucky............... ................... Louisiana____________________ Maine.____ _________________ Maryland___________________ Massachusetts____ ___________ Michigan______ _____ ________ 41 160 39 23 38 193 322 16.7 72.9 9.2 2.5 8.4 58.4 345.0 .7 3.0 .4 .1 .3 2.4 14.5 191.0 1,260.0 104.0 21.6 115.0 776.0 7,360.0 .5 3.2 .3 .1 .3 2.0 19.1 Minnesota___________________ Mississippi_____ ____ ________ Missouri.............. ........... ........... Montana_____ ______________ Nebraska___________ ____ ___ Nevada_______________ ______ New Hampshire_____________ 74 15 161 18 15 8 17 29.0 2.2 47.9 5.7 5.6 .9 2.4 1.2 .1 2.0 .2 .2 (*) .1 228.0 27.2 347.0 60.8 55.2 9.6 22.8 .6 .1 .9 .2 .1 New Jersey_____ ____________ New Mexico_________________ New York___________________ North Carolina_______________ North Dakota________________ Ohio_____ ___________________ Oklahoma__________ _________ 309 18 578 31 8 469 43 116.0 5.6 187.0 12.7 4.4 220.0 11.1 4.8 .2 7.8 .5 .2 9.1 .5 1,030.0 98.1 2,190.0 75.7 37.1 2, 550.0 111.0 2.6 .3 5.6 .2 .1 6.6 .3 Oregon______________________ Pennsylvania________________ Rhode Island________________ South Carolina_______________ South Dakota________________ Tennessee___________________ Texas_______________________ 48 603 29 15 5 131 101 12.2 297.0 5.0 8.3 .7 72.3 41.4 .5 12.5 .2 .3 (*) 3.0 1.7 226.0 5, 280.0 86.5 156.0 6.2 636.0 769.0 .6 13.6 .2 .4 (8) 1.6 2.0 Utah________________________ Vermont--____ ______________ Virginia________________ _____ Washington_________________ West Virginia________________ Wisconsin_________ __________ Wyoming___________________ 31 5 84 76 216 119 13 21.4 .3 26.3 23.4 54.4 57.2 2.5 .9 (*) 1.1 1.0 2.3 2.4 .1 369.0 1.8 419.0 446.0 3,340.0 902.0 96.9 .9 (3) 1.1 1.1 8.6 2.3 .2 (’ ) .1 1 The sum of this column is more than 4,843 because the stoppages extend ing across State lines have been counted in this table as separate stoppages in each State affected, with the proper allocation of workers involved and man-days idle. * The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. * Less than a tenth of 1 percent. 10 stoppage, were relatively free from any major work stoppage in 1950. The construction industry, which experienced record building activity, had the heaviest concen tration of strikes (611) in 1950, as in the previous year when a peak number of 615 strikes was re corded. Four of the 22 major stoppages in 1950 which involved 10,000 or more workers also were in that industry. States Involved Those States identified with automobile and coal production recorded the greatest strike idleness (table 6). Time losses exceeded 7 million mandays in Michigan, 5 million in Pennsylvania, and 3 million in West Virginia. They exceeded 2 million each in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and New York. As in the past several years, Pennsylvania and New York experienced the largest number of stop pages, 603 and 578, respectively. Ohio ranked next with 469 stoppages; Illinois, 331; Michigan, 322; and New Jersey, 309. Fewer than 10 stoppages were recorded in each of 4 States— Nevada, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Vermont. Cities Involved Ten or more stoppages occurred in each of 81 cities during 1950 (table 7). In these cities 2,306 stoppages occurred, involving about 1,000,000 workers and 16,000,000 man-days of idleness. In terms of national totals, 48 percent of all stoppages T able 7. — W ork stoppages in 1950 in selected cities Work stoppages beginning in 1950 City Number 2 Workers involved 1 Man-days idle during 1950 (all stoppages) Akron, Ohio_______________________ Albany, N. Y_________________ Allentown, Pa_____________________ Atlanta, Ga_________ ____________ Baltimore, M d ______________ _____ Birmingham, Ala___________________ 45 11 11 17 16 21 29,800 550 1,680 3,950 3,540 5,150 87,500 4,840 7,790 58,800 67,500 63,600 Boston, Mass______________ ____ Bridgeport, Conn___ __________ Buffalo, N. Y _________________ Camden, N. J_________________ Canton, Ohio________________ Charleston, W. Va_________ ____ 20 10 34 14 11 20 3,000 2,340 23,100 12,400 3,940 1,960 26,900 4,620 190,000 56,600 27,200 26,200 Chattanooga, T e n n ____________ Chicago, 111_______________________ Cincinnati, Ohio___________________ Cleveland, Ohio____________________ Columbus, Ohio____________________ Dallas, Tex__________ ___ ______ _ 15 91 31 63 17 19 2,230 39, 600 14,000 31,100 4,800 4, 450 30,400 573,000 134,000 420,000 37,400 52, 700 See footnotes at end of table. T a b l e 7. — W ork stoppages in 1950 in selected c itie s 1— Continued Work stoppages beginning in 1950 City Number 2 Workers involved Man-days idle during 1950 (all stoppages) Dayton, Ohio__________________ ___ Denver, Colo___....... ............................ Des Moines, Iowa......... ....................... Detroit, Mich______ _______________ East St. Louis, I1L______ ___________ Elizabeth, N. J____________________ 14 19 11 149 13 11 3,200 11,200 2,880 248,000 2, 500 2,000 24,400 326,000 6,850 6, 630,000 32,200 92,200 Erie, Pa............................................... Evansville, Ind____________________ Fall River, Mass___________________ Fort Wayne, Ind________ _________ _ Gary, Ind___________ _____________ Grand Rapids, M ich_______________ 15 14 11 10 14 12 9,360 16,800 2,290 9,080 6,530 7,000 44,000 338,000 11,100 230,000 22,000 75, 500 Houston, Tex______________________ Huntington, W. Va_____ _______ -Indianapolis, Ind___________________ Jersey City, N. J___________ ____ Johnstown, Pa— _______ ___________ Kansas City, M o___ ____ ___________ 16 14 17 37 22 48 7, 270 3,770 7,780 6, 650 8, 280 12,400 60,300 24,300 206,000 52,800 30,300 71, 600 Knoxville, Tenn__________ _________ Los Angeles, Calif_____________ ____ Louisville, K y _____________________ Lynn, Mass__________ ____ ________ Memphis, Tenn____________________ Milwaukee, Wis____________ _______ 13 70 34 14 46 44 1,670 31, 500 29,000 19, 400 39,900 22,200 19,000 440,000 546,000 253,000 226,000 300,000 Minneapolis, Minn_________________ Mobile, Ala----- -----------------------------Nashville, Tenn___________________ Newark, N. J______________________ New Bedford, Mass________________ New Orleans, La___________ ____ 35 10 10 43 12 16 14,300 940 1,990 8,920 1,080 2,590 86,300 23, 200 49,100 117,000 18,200 23,200 New York, N. Y ___________________ Oakland-East Bay Area, Calif............. Oklahoma City, Okla................... ........ Passaic, N. J__......... ........................... Paterson, N. J______ ______________ Peoria, 111.............................................. 329 38 15 20 29 11 65,200 11,500 1,740 5,040 8,590 5,810 802,000 197,000 17,600 19,300 87,800 40,500 Philadelphia, Pa..... ........... .................. Phoenix, Ariz__................ ................... Pittsburgh, Pa............ ......................... Portland, Oreg______ _____ - .............. Providence, R. I ......... ................ ........ Reading, Pa_______ ______ ______ 65 10 58 13 17 13 28, 900 1,580 30,800 4,580 1, 620 5,740 356,000 23,100 457,000 59,700 17,100 46,400 Rochester, N. Y ------ -------- -------------Rockford, 111______________ _____ — St. Louis, M o...... .................. ............... St. Paul, Minn------------- ------------ ----Salt Lake City, U tah.......................... San Diego, Calif.......................... ......... 19 10 65 18 12 12 2,940 5, 220 21, 500 3,390 8,600 7,450 36,600 139,000 166,000 33,900 26, 700 129,000 San Francisco, Calif .............. .............. Scranton, Pa................ ......................... Seattle, W ash..................................... South Bend, Ind_ ....... ...................... Syracuse, N. Y ..................................... Tacoma, Wash______________ _____ 21 22 18 14 17 13 7,800 2,390 5,380 44,400 20,600 3,490 123,000 19,600 56,100 82,400 347,000 24,000 Terre Haute, Ind................................. Toledo, Ohio............. ............................ Trenton, N. J__....... ........................... Tulsa, Okla........................................... Utica, N. Y ....... ................................... Washington, D. C__________________ Waterbury, C o n n ______ _____ _____ Worcester, Mass___________________ Youngstown, Ohio______ _________ 11 41 2, 210 8,050 6,790 3,060 3,520 4,210 440 2, 580 11,000 31,400 181,000 104,000 24,600 28,300 24, 600 3,880 24,100 44,000 24 16 10 16 10 19 40 1In order to obtain a representative regional distribution, data are compiled separately for 150 cities, including all those with a population of 100,000 and over in 1940 as well as a number of smaller cities. This table includes data for the cities in this group which had 10 or more stoppages in 1950. Except for the Oakland-East Bay Area, figures relate to stoppages in establishments within the corporate limits of the respective cities. 2 Intercity stoppages, except those noted below, are counted in this table as separate stoppages in each city affected, with the workers involved and man-days idle allocated to the respective cities. In a few instances it was impossible to secure the detailed data necessary to make such alloca tions. Therefore, the following stoppages are not included in the figures for any cities affected : (1) a strike of railroad firemen in May affecting approximately 175,000 workers on 5 railroads in 27 States, (2) a strike of 1,800 employees of Southeastern Greyhound Lines in 7 States in May, (3) a strike of railroad switchmen in June which affected approximately 59,000 workers on 5 railroads in 33 States. 11 occurred in these cities, 45 percent of the workers were involved, and 41 percent of the time was lost. New York City, with 329 stoppages, and De troit, with 149 stoppages, were the only cities experiencing more than 100 stoppages during the year. Detroit had the largest number of workers in volved (248,000) and man-days of idleness (6,630,000), mainly because of the prolonged Chrysler stoppage and several other large strikes in the transportation-equipment industry. No other city had as many as 100,000 workers involved in strikes or as many as 1,000,000 man-days idle during 1950. Unions Involved Unions affiliated with the AFL were involved in about 45 percent of all stoppages. CIO affili ates accounted for 29 percent of the year’s total (table 7). Stoppages of CIO unions in volved a third more workers and accounted for more than twice as much strike idleness as AFL unions, due in large part to the prolonged and widespread Chrysler dispute. Unaffiliated unions, although identified with only a fifth of all stop pages, accounted for a third of the year’s idleness. This was due principally to the Nation-wide bi tuminous-coal stoppage by members of the UMWA (Ind.) which began in late 1949 and resumed in early 1950 and the several railroad controversies involving unaffiliated transportation brotherhoods. T able 8. — W ork stoppages in 1950 , by affiliation of u n ions involved Stoppages beginning in 1950 Affiliation of union Total..................................... Per Num cent of ber total Man-days idle during 1950 (all stoppages) Workers involved Num ber 1 Per Number cent of total Per cent of total 4,843 100.0 2,410,000 100.0 38,800,000 100.0 American Federation of Labor_____ _____________ 2,171 Congress of Industrial Or ganizations......................... 1,394 Unaffiliated unions....... ........ 1,085 Rival unions (different affil iations)________ _________ 64 Single firm unions_________ 20 Cooperating unions (differ ent affiliations).............. . 29 No union involved.............. 80 44.8 643,000 26.7 7,640,000 19.7 28.8 1,060,000 22.4 592,000 43.8 15,700,000 24.6 12,800,000 40.5 33.0 1.3 .4 14,000 16,400 .6 1.7 78, 500 6,050 .6 .7 103,000 75,800 .3 .2 3.3 2,450,000 .3 18, 500 6.3 (2) 1The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. 3 Less than a tenth of 1 percent. Dispute Status—Before and at Time of Stoppage Federal, State, and local mediation agencies and other neutral parties were utilized before work stoppages occurred in one-fourth of the cases in 1950, as in 1948 and 1949. Although incomplete data are available for many of the remaining cases, most of the stoppages which actually occurred, undoubtedly did so without mediation. For 2,418 stoppages beginning in 1950, uncon troverted information was obtained on the length of the dispute before an interruption of work occurred. Approximately 18 percent of these stoppages, involving 11 percent of the workers, were essentially spontaneous, following disputes of 1 day or less. On the other hand, about 23 percent of the stoppages, involving almost one-half of the workers, followed disputes which had been in effect for more than 2 months. In general, the pattern was the same as in 1948 and 1949. T able 9. — W ork stoppages beginning in 1950 and num ber of w orkers involved , by length of d isp u te Stoppages Length of dispute before stoppage 1 day or less_______________________ Over 1 day but less than 3^ month. _ 3^ month and less than 2 months___ 2 months (60 days)________________ Over 2 months_____ ____ __________ T o ta l....___________________ Num ber Per cent Workers involved Number Per cent 433 610 572 242 561 17.9 25.2 23.7 10.0 23.2 151,000 199,000 266,000 91,200 690,000 10.8 14.2 19.1 6.5 49.4 2,418 100.0 1,397,200 100.0 Information regarding the status of the contract at the time of the stoppage was furnished for about 90 percent of the stoppages occurring in 1950.7 These reports indicate that more than 40 percent of the disputes occurred where contracts were in effect, whereas almost half occurred where no contracts existed or where previous contracts had expired. In about 7 percent of these cases the parties disagreed as to whether contracts were in effect when the stoppages occurred. Disagreement over unsettled grievances was the largest single cause of contract stoppages. Others grew out of attempts to alter provisions of the current contracts or, with expiration in the offing, disagreement over new contract provisions. 7 Information on this subject is sometimes furnished by both parties; more frequently, by only 1 party to the stoppage. Since it is not feasible to verify the accuracy of the replies which often involve interpretation of the written contract, general conclusions are presented rather than statistical tabulations, and are based on the available data. 12 Chart 3. Work Stoppages in 1950, by Number of Establishments Involved Number of ------ ,-------,-----Percent of Total Workers Involved O 20 40 *0 — I IT AND O VER UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Disputes over new contracts to replace recently expired agreements accounted for most of the stoppages which occurred when no contract was in effect or the former contract was formally or tacitly extended for a brief period. More than a third of the stoppages in this category, however, arose from attempts to obtain union recognition, or a contract for the first time. Establishments Involved Seventy-seven percent of all stoppages in 1950 related to a single plant or establishment. These T able 10. — W ork stoppages in 1950, by num ber of estab lishm en ts involved localized disputes accounted for only 23 percent of the strike idleness (table 10 and chart 3). In contrast, stoppages involving over 10 establish ments, although only 6 percent of the total, ac counted for more than 60 percent of all lost time. Size of Stoppages Although approximately half of the year’s stop pages involved fewer than 100 workers each, these stoppages accounted for less than 4 percent of the workers involved and of the total man-days idle, respectively (table 11). On the other hand, stopT able 11. — W ork stoppages in 1950} classified by nu m ber of w orkers involved Stoppages beginning in 1950 Workers involved * Number of establishments Per involved 1 Num cent ber of total Number 77.2 1,150,000 264,000 12.6 3.8 93,700 6.4 903,000 Number Per cent of total 47.7 8,990,000 10.9 3,960,000 3.9 2,150,000 37.5 23,700,000 23.1 10.2 5.5 61.2 iA n establishment, for purposes of this table, is defined as a single physical location where business is conducted or where services or in dustrial operations are performed; for example, a factory, mill, store, mine, or farm. A stoppage may involve one, two, or several establishments of a single employer or it may involve establishments of different employers. * The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. Workers involved1 Number of workers Per cent of total All establishments.............. 4,843 100.0 2,410,000 100.0 38,800,000 100.0 1 establishment ................... 3,739 2 to 5 establishments........... 609 6 to 10 establishments......... 186 11 establishments and over. 309 Stoppages beginning in 1950 Man-days idle during 1950 (all stoppages) Per Num cent ber of total Number Per cent of total Man-days idle during 1950 (all stoppages) Number Per cent of total All workers________ ______ 4,843 100.0 2,410,000 100.0 38,800,000 100.0 6 and under 20...................... 739 20 and un der 100................... 1,719 100 and under 250................. 1,011 250 and under 500................. 576 500 and under 1,000.............. 374 1.000 and under 5,000......... 368 34 5.000 and under 10,000.......... 22 10.000 and o v e r ................... 15.3 35.4 20.9 11.9 7.7 7.6 .7 .5 8,800 83,900 160,000 198.000 261.000 735.000 225.000 738.000 .4 154,000 3.5 1,220,000 6.6 2,180,000 8.2 2,020,000 10.8 2.830.000 30.5 6.560.000 9.3 2.130.000 30.7 21,700,000 .4 3.1 5.6 5.2 7.3 16.9 5.5 56.0 1 The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. 13 pages involving 10,000 or more workers comprised only one-half of 1 percent of the total stoppages, but included more than 30 percent of the workers T able Beginning date Approxi mate dura tion (cal endar days) 2 Jan. 25_____ 102 Feb. 15_____ 15 Apr. 27_____ 4 May 1______ 4 40 May 1_____ 5 80 May 10_____ 7 June 2_....... . 6 June 15_____ 5 June 25_____ 14 July 10_____ 36 July 20_____ 1 July 24_____ 3 Aug. 1--------- 2 Aug. 12_____ 7 Aug. 16_____ 8 86 Aug. 29_____ 18 Sept. 1......... 111 Sept. 5......... 17 Sept. 26____ 4 Oct. 5........... 13 12. involved and 56 percent of the year's idleness. Information on this group of stoppages is presented separately for each individual strike in table 12. — W ork stoppages begin n in g in 1950, in which 10,000 or m ore w orkers were involved Establishment (s) and location Chrysler Corp. (25 plants), Arkansas, California, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, and Michigan. Union (s) involved United Automobile (CIO). Workers, Approxi mate number of work ers in volved 95,000 1 Major terms of settlement Actuarily determined pension trust fund with pension payments of $100 a month (including social-security benefits) for workers retiring at age 65 with 25 years of service; health and welfare benefits; check-off; some wage adjust ments. 3-year contract with pension arrange ments effective for 5 years. Temporary wage increase of 50 cents a day retroactive to Oct. 1, 1949, and negotiations to proceed on terms of a new contract. Agreed to submit dispute to 3-man fact-finding board. Wage increases of varying amounts—with most trades receiving immediate increase of to 25 cents an hour, and an additional increase effective May 1,1951. Wage increases of varying amounts. Bituminous-coal mines, Illinois 3__ Progressive Mine Workers, (Ind.). 10,000 Apartment houses, New York, N. Y . Construction industry, Buffalo area, N. Y . Building Service Employees (AFL). AFL Building Trades Unions___ 20,000 Construction industry, Denver area, Colo. Pennsylvania R. It. (west of Harrisburg); N. Y . Central R. R. (west of Buffalo); Southern Railway Co.,; Atchi son. Topeka & Santa Fe R. R.; Union Pacific R. R. (affected operations in 27 States). Construction industry, State wide, Utah. AFL Building Trades Unions___ 10,000 Brotherhood of Locomotive Fire men & Enginemen, (Ind.). 175,000 Parties agreed to submit to arbitration union's claim that “ special duty” men were assigned to firemen's work on high speed Diesel locomotives. AFL Building Trades Unions___ 12,000 United Mine Workers (Ind.)___ 13,000 Switchmen's Union (AFL)__....... 59,000 3-year contract providing for wage increases to be effective as follows : 10 cents July 15, 1950; 2y2 cents, Jan. 1, 1951; 5 cents June 1, 1951; and 10 cents June 1, 1952. Parties agreed on selection of neutral member for District 19 arbitration board. Operations resumed on July 6 on all but Rock Island line. On July 8 President Truman ordered Army to seize and operate the Rock Island Railroad. Agreement sub sequently reached on Sept. 1. United Bro. of Joiners (AFL). 40,000 Wage increases ranging from 8 cents to 20*4 cents an hour. 12,000 Workers returned on request of local union officials to terminate stoppage protesting suspension of union steward. Workers ended stoppage over incentive work standards on request of local union officials. Workers returned on assurance of union officials that company would negotiate on the dis charge of employees who had participated in an unauthorized work stoppage. Issues to be settled by parties upon resumption of work. Wage increase of 10 cents an hour. FE-UE (Ind.) agreed to a 2-year contract. UAW (CIO) contract provides for a 5-year term with a cost-of-living escalator clause and a 4-cents-an-hour annual wage-improvement factor. Wage increase of 10 cents per hour, cost-of-living escalator provision, contributory pension plan, and other fringe benefits. Bituminous-coal mines, Ken tucky and Tennessee. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R.; Great Northern Ry. Co.; Chicago Great Western Ry. Co.; Denver & Rio Grande Western R. R. Co.; Western Pacific R. R. Co. (affected operations in 33 States). Construction industry, Los Angeles and San Diego Counties, Calif. Kaiser-Frazer Corp., Willow Run, Mich. Carpenters & 12,000 United Automobile (CIO). Workers The Studebaker Corp., South Bend, Ind. Briggs Mfg. Co., Detroit, M ich ... United Automobile (CIO). United Automobile (CIO). Workers 20,000 Workers 12,000 Tennessee Coal, Iron& R. R. Co., Birmingham area, Ala. International Harvester Co. plants in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Ten nessee. United Steelworkers (CIO)_____ 15,000 Farm Equipment Workers, UE (Ind.); United Automobile Workers (CIO); International Association of Machinists (Ind.). 52,000 General Electric Co. plants in Indiana, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and West Virginia. Deere & Co. (7 plants), Illinois and Iowa. International Union of Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers (CIO). 40,000 United Automobile (CIO). Workers 13, 000 National Ass’n. of Mfrs. of Pressed & Blown Glassware, Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsyl vania, and West Virginia. Hudson Motor Car Co., Detroit, Mich. Associated and Independent Farmers, San Joaquin Valley, Calif. American Flint Glass Workers’ Union (CIO). 11,500 See footncites at end of table. 964946—51-----3 United Automobile Workers (CIO). National Farm Labor Union (AFL). 15,000 13,000 General wage increase, annual wage-improvement factor, improved pension and insurance plan, and cost-of-living clause. 10-cent hourly wage increase, 3 paid holidays, and second week of paid vacation. Work resumed after 4-day stoppage over grievance relating to seniority. Wage increase of approximately 17 percent. 14 T able 12.— W ork stoppages beginning in 1950 , in which 10y000 or more workers were involved 1—-Continued Beginning date Approxi mate dura tion (cal endar days) 2 Nov. 9_____ 11 Dec. 13......... 3 Establishment (s) and location Western Electric Co., Nation wide; Michigan Bell Telephone Co., Michigan. Railroad terminals, 16 cities-------- Union (s) involved 7 80,000 15-month contract providing for wage increases of varying amounts. Bro. of Railroad Trainmen (Ind.). 10,000 Workers returned to their jobs following court injunctions, a request from President Truman, and the urging of union officials. Duration of Stoppages The majority of work stoppages were of rela tively brief duration as usual (table 13 and chart 4). About 45 percent of the stoppages continued for less than a week, 22 percent ran from a week to less than one-half a month, 15 percent lasted Duration of Work Stoppages, Averages for Selected Periods Major terms of settlement Communications Workers (CIO)__ 1 Since this table includes only stoppages beginning in 1950, there is no detailed information on the strike of approximately 400,000 anthracite and bituminous-coal miners which continued intermittently from Sept. 19, 1949, to Mar. 5, 1950. 2 Includes nonworkdays, such as Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Only normally scheduled workdays are used in computing strike idleness. 3This strike of bituminous-coal miners in Illinois was independent of the strike of UMWA (Ind.) referred to in footnote 1 above. 4 Fifteen of the unions involved reached agreement by May 8; Asbestos Workers on May 14; Plasterers and Lathers on May 16; Plumbers on May 29; Bricklayers on June 9. Chart 4. Approxi mate number of work ers in volved 8 Some trades working on projects outside of Denver terminated stoppage on May 31; in Denver, Teamsters and Operating Engineers on June 2; Laborers on June 9; Cement Finishers about June 25; Carpenters did not reach agreement until July 19. 6 The larger segments of the stoppage did not begin until Aug. 18. However, 600 machinists (IAM ) at the Louisville, Ky., plant stopped work on Aug. 16, closing the plant. FE-UE (Ind.) settled Sept. 18; IAM (Ind.) Oct. 1; and the UAW (CIO) on Nov. 4, subject to ratification by the union members on Nov. 8. 7 A larger number of workers was idled for less than a full shift as the result of the intermittent picketing technique used by the Communica tions Workers of America in this stoppage. from one-half a month to less than a month, and 18 percent continued for a month or more. More than 80 percent of the total idleness resulted from the 879 stoppages which lasted 1 month or more. The work stoppages ending in 1950 lasted an average of 19.2 calendar days, a drop from the 22.5 average in 1949. All of the 23 stoppages, involving 10,000 or more workers (including the coal strike which began in the fall of 1949), were terminated in 1950. Eight of these stoppages lasted less than .— D u ra tio n o f w ork stoppages en din g in 1950 T a b l e 13 Stoppages Duration Per Num cent ber of total Workers involved Num ber i Man-days idle Per cent of total Number All periods ........................ 4,812 100.0 2,810,000 100.0 252,100,000 584 1 day.................................. 2 to 3 days....................... 838 4 days and less than 1 week_________________ 739 1 week and less than month............................. 1,045 % month and less than 1 month......... ...... ............. 727 1 month and less than 2 months. ......................... 545 2 months and less than 3 months........................... 170 164 3 months and ov er.......... 12.1 17.4 242.000 362.000 8.6 12.9 Per cent of total 100.0 243,000 700,000 .5 1.3 15.4 361,000 12.8 1,250,000 2.4 21.8 684,000 24.3 3,720,000 7.1 15.1 306,000 10.9 4,040,000 7.8 11.3 193,000 6.9 4,280,000 8.2 3.5 3.4 104,000 560,000 3.7 19.9 4,150,000 33,700,000 8.0 64.7 1 The iigure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. 3 This figure is substantially greater than the total man-days idle shown in preceding tables because the figures in this, and the next two tables, relate only to those stoppages ending in 1950. The coal strike which began on Sept. 19, 1949, and was settled on Mar. 5, 1950, is included in tables 13,14, and 15. 15 a week, eight ran from 1 week to less than 3 weeks, and seven continued more than a month. Methods of Terminating Stoppages More than 55 percent of the stoppages ending in 1950, as in 1949, were terminated by agreement between representatives of the workers and com panies involved, without the help of any outside agency. These directly negotiated settlements, however, accounted for only 35 percent of the workers involved and 14 percent of the total idleness during 1950. Government agencies assisted in the adjustment of most of the larger controversies. They par ticipated in 26 percent of the cases in 1950, as compared with 25 percent in 1949. These nego tiations related to controversies affecting over onehalf (54 percent) of the workers and 83 percent of the year’s total idleness. About 15 percent of the stoppages in 1950, as compared with 17 per cent in 1949 and 20 percent in 1948, reportedly T able 14. were terminated without formal settlements. In 1 percent of the stoppages, employers reported discontinuance of their business at the establish ments involved (table 14). Disposition of Issues The issues in dispute were settled or disposed of, upon termination of the stoppage, in almost threefourths of the work stoppages ending in 1950 (table 15). This group involved about 68 percent of the workers and 88 percent of the man-days lost. In 17 percent of the cases, the parties agreed to resume work and continue their negotiations. In the majority of the remaining cases, work was resumed with an understanding to negotiate with the aid of a neutral third party or to submit the dispute to arbitration^or to refer the unsettled issues to an appropriate government agency for decision. T able 15. — D spo sitio n of issu es in work stoppages ending in 1950 — M ethod o f term in atin g work stoppages ending in 1950 Stoppages Method of termination Per Num cent ber of total Disposition of issues Workers involved Num ber i Man-days idle Per cent of total Number All methods____________ 4,812 100.0 2,810,000 100.0 252,100,000 Agreement of parties reached— D ir e c t ly ...__________ 2,673 With assistance of Gov ernment agencies. _ _ 1,250 With assistance of nonGovernment media tors or agencies____ 38 Terminated without formal settlement___ 738 Employers discontin ued business_______ 46 Not reported_______ 67 55.5 Per cent of total 100.0 977,000 34.7 7,220,000 13.9 26.0 1, 530,000 54.4 43,300,000 83.1 .8 18,100 .6 276,000 .5 15.3 272,000 9.7 1,050,000 2.0 1.0 1.4 3,890 13,200 .1 .5 209,000 53,200 .4 .1 1 The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. 2 See footnote 2, table 13. Stoppages Per Num cent ber of total Workers involved Num ber i Per cent of total Man-days idle Number All issues_______________ 4,812 100.0 2,810,000 100.0 252,100,000 Issues settled or dis posed of at termina tion of stoppage_____ 3,548 Some or all issues to be adjusted after re sumption of work— By direct negotiation between employer (s) and union______ . . . 823 By negotiation with the aid of Govern 74 ment agencies_______ By arbitration........ ...... 164 By other means 1 2_____ 139 64 Not reported___________ Per cent of total 100.0 73.8 1,910,000 67.9 45,800,000 87.8 17.1 505,000 18.0 3, 680,000 7.1 1.5 3.4 2.9 1.3 104,000 257,000 24, 700 10,100 3.7 9.1 .9 .4 908,000 1,460,000 246,000 43, 900 1.7 2.8 .5 .1 1 The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. 2 See footnote 2, table 13. 2 Included in this group are the cases which were referred to the National or State labor relations boards or other agencies for decisions or elections. Appendixes or more stoppages during the year. Appendix B includes a brief summary of the methods of collecting strike statistics. Appendix A includes tables presenting workstoppage data by specific industries, by industry groups and major issues, and by States with 25 Appendix A T a b l e A .— Industry All industries............ .......................................... W ork stoppages in 1950, by specific in d u stry Mandays idle during 1950 (all Num Workers stop ber involved 1 pages) Stoppages begin ning in 1950 24,843 2,410,000 38,800,000 M a n u factu rin g Primary metal industries___________________ Blast furnaces, steel works, and rolling mills. Iron and steel foundries________ _________ _ Primary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals_______________________________ Secondary smelting and refining of nonferrous metals and alloys_________ _____ _ Rolling, drawing, and alloying of nonferrous metals_________ ______________________ Nonferrous foundries______________________ Miscellaneous primary metal industries____ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, machinery, and transportation equip m ent)__________________________ _______ Tin cans and other tinware. _______________ Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware. __ Heating apparatus (except electric) and plumbers' supplies----------- ----------------Fabricated structural metal products........ . Metal stamping, coating, and engraving. _ Lighting fixtures________________________ . Fabricated wire products________ _____ Miscellaneous fabricated metal products------ 2 309 120 81 142,000 78,600 18,700 1,180,000 296,000 281,000 19 12,500 182,000 3 620 1,110 20 28 39 11,900 5,820 14,300 130,000 127,000 159,000 278 4 37 85,800 1,380 13,600 969,000 6,410 325,000 43 74 58 8 28 26 8,110 16,200 20,900 890 17,400 7,410 102,000 169,000 131,000 19. 500 138, 000 78, 500 2 1 1 530 330 200 6,180 330 5,860 2168 132,000 1,420,000 71 17 4 61, 800 6,850 2,490 571,000 93,100 36,300 7 12 1,030 16, 200 8,270 79, 600 43 16 35,100 8,240 368,000 261,000 Machinery (except electrical)________ ____ _ . Engines and turbines___ ____ _____________ Agricultural machinery and tractors_______ Construction and mining machinery and equipment___ _____ ____________________ Metalworking machinery_______________ _ Special-industry machinery (except metal working)____ ______________ ____________ General industrial machinery and equip ment__________________________________ Office and store machines and devices______ Service-industry and household machines___ Miscellaneous machinery parts____________ 2 317 13 61 224,000 26, 900 94, 600 4,410,000 421,000 2,400,000 Transportation equipment__________________ Motor vehicles and motor-vehicle equipm e n t ..._______________________________ Aircraft and parts________________________ Ship and boat building and repairing. _ . . . Railroad equipment_______________________ Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts___________ Ordnance and accessories________________ ___ Sighting and fire-contol equipment_________ Small arms_______________________________ Electrical machinery, equipment, and sup plies___________________________________ Electrical generating, transmission, dis tribution and industrial apparatus______ Electrical appliances_________ ____ _____ _ Insulated wire and cable___________________ Electrical equipment for motor vehicles, air craft, and railway locomotives and cars___ Electric lamps____________________________ Communication equipment and related products___ ____ _____________ ______ Miscellaneous electrical products__________ 19 43 8,360 5,800 353,000 147,000 43 6,630 143,000 54 14 33 40 20,400 2,120 43, 900 15,600 378,000 58,900 367,000 144,000 171 368,000 8, 540,000 122 18 20 10 1 316,000 23,900 16, 200 11,400 380 8,130,000 145,000 176,000 85,000 380 Industry Manufacturing—Continued Lumber and wood products (except furniture). Logging camps and logging contractors______ Sawmills and planing mills________________ Millwork, plywood, and prefabricated structural wood products______________ . . Wooden containers______________________ — Miscellaneous wood products______________ 119 23 39 23,600 10,100 6,750 700,000 396,000 91,900 14 23 20 2,130 2,700 1,970 82,500 66,600 63,100 Furniture and fixtures______________________ Household furniture______________________ Office furniture___________________________ Public-building and professional furniture. __ Partitions, shelving, lockers, and office and store fixtures___________________________ Window and door screens, shades, and Venetian blinds____________ ____________ 106 78 9 10 15,800 9,540 1,650 4,010 315,000 76,200 38,400 191,000 6 470 7,630 3 180 1,730 Stone, clay, and glass products______________ Flat glass________________________________ Glass and glassware, pressed or blown______ Glass products made of purchased glass____ Cement, hydraulic________________________ Structural clay products__________________ Pottery and related products........ ............ . Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products____ Cut-stone and stone products______________ Abrasive, asbestos, and miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products_______________ 132 2 10 7 12 32 14 23 12 44,600 250 16,600 330 3, 270 8, 710 5,680 3,490 1,800 652,000 2,040 175,000 6, 540 57,800 183,000 63,900 46,300 15,800 20 4,480 102,000 Textile-mill products_______________________ Scouring and combing plants_______________ Yarn and thread mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fiber)_____________________ Broad-woven fabric mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fiber)_____________________ Narrow fabrics and other smallwares mills (cotton, wool, silk, and synthetic fiber)----Knitting mills____________________________ Dyeing and finishing textiles (except knit goods)______________________ ____ _______ Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings___ Hats (except cloth and millinery)__________ Miscellaneous textile goods________________ 147 1 48,400 50 686,000 520 Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials________ Men’s, youths’, and boys’ suits, coats, and overcoats____________________ __________ Men’s, youths’, and boys’ furnishings, work clothing, and allied garments..................... Women’s and misses’ outerwear___________ Women’s, misses’ , children’s, and infants' undergarments. ______________________ Millinery_________________________ _______ Children’s and infants’ outerwear.................. Fur goods...____ _________________________ Miscellaneous apparel and accessories---------Miscellaneous fabricated textile products----Leather and leather products------ -------- --------Leather : tanned, curried, and finished_____ Boot and shoe cut stock and findings----------Footwear (except rubber)-------- -----------------Leather gloves and mittens________________ Handbags and small leather goods. See footnotes at end of table. 16 Mandays idle during 1950 (all Num Workers stop ber involved 1 pages) Stoppages begin ning in 1950 15 5,210 87,000 47 19,800 334,000 6 22 540 4,660 1, 650 71, 600 19 12 3 22 7,280 5,080 260 5,520 44,100 68,100 3,410 76,400 187 17, 900 228, 000 9 560 3,860 26 94 4,190 6,330 59, 500 60,100 17 2 6 3 5 25 3,040 30 380 80 1,060 2,200 38,300 200 1,470 250 32,000 32,600 84 16 5 50 2 5 6 25,300 3, 510 590 18,200 2,020 400 610 157,000 52,400 2,130 84, 600 4,220 4,460 9,520 17 T able A .— W ork stoppages in 1950, by specific in dustry — Continued Stoppages begin ning in 1950 Industry Mandays idle during 1950 (all Num- Workers stop ber involved1 pages) Manufacturing—Continued M anufacturlng—Continued Food and kindred products_________________ Meat products___________________________ Dairy products__________________________ Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and sea foods___________________________ Grain-mill products______________________ Bakery products___________________ ____ Confectionery and related products________ Beverage industries_______________________ Miscellaneous food preparations and kindred products______________________ ________ 185 28 5 57,000 10,100 1,470 691,000 56, 500 24,900 19 16 56 42 13,100 3, 260 17, 500 1, 410 7,970 225.000 15,800 242.000 23, 400 73, 200 8 2,220 29, 600 Tobacco manufactures_______________________ Cigars___________________________________ Tobacco (chewing and smoking) and snuff___ 5 3 2 2,880 1,010 1,870 33,000 6,190 26,800 11 Paper and allied products___________________ Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills_________ Paper coating and glazing__________________ Envelopes_______________________________ Paper bags_______________________________ Paperboard containers and boxes__________ Pulp goods and miscellaneous converted paper products_________________________ 76 25 7 13 5,440 159,000 Printing, publishing, and allied industries. Newspapers__________________________ Periodicals______________________ _____ Books________________________________ Commercial printing___ ____ _____ ____ Lithographing________________________ Greeting cards__________________ _____ Bookbinding and related industries____ Service industries for the priiiting trade. 54 23 2 3 9 4 10,400 4,760 160 510 1,470 670 Chemicals and allied products_______________ Industrial inorganic chemicals_____________ Industrial organic chemicals_______________ Drugs and medicines______________________ Soap and glycerin, cleaning and polishing preparations, and sulfonated oils and assistants______________________________ Paints, varnishes, lacquers, japans, and enamels; inorganic color pigments, whiting, and wood fillers___________ _____________ Gum and wood chemicals__________________ Fertilizers_______________________________ Vegetable and animal oils and fats__________ Miscellaneous chemicals, including indus trial chemical products and preparations. Products of petroleum and coal. Petroleum refining............ . Coke and byproducts_______ Paving and roofing materials. Rubber products___________________________ Tires and inner tubes_____________________ Rubber footwear_______________ _______ _ Reclaimed rubber________________________ Rubber industries, not elsewhere classified.. Professional, scientific, and controlling in struments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks________________ Laboratory, scientific, and engineering in struments (except surgical, medical, and dental)____________________________ ____ Mechanical measuring and controlling in struments_____________________________ Optical instruments and lenses____________ Surgical, medical, and dental instruments and supplies____________________________ Ophthalmic goods_________________________ Photographic equipment and supplies______ Watches, clocks, clockwork-operated de vices, and parts............................................ Industry ManStoppages begin ning in 1950 days idle during 1950 (all stop Num Workers ber involved i pages) 2 12 17 18, 900 6,190 640 320 3,240 3,030 360.000 119.000 4, 540 1, 240 43,200 33,400 1 20 6 6 150 2,660 240, 000 166,000 5,660 3, 210 17, 500 6,160 520 3,020 38, 600 96 14 28 9 39,200 11,800 12,400 5, 580 795.000 428.000 183.000 90,600 6 3,090 16,100 14 3 9 2,640 26, 700 2,630 22,600 3,920 200 1,060 6 210 7 2,190 21, 700 16,400 11,000 2,550 2,900 792.000 638.000 2,670 152.000 136.000 22 10 2 10 136 93 4 3 36 110.000 11,700 160 15,000 385.000 274.000 50,600 390 59,200 26 23,100 158,000 4 11,000 26,400 6 2 3,690 20 36,300 560 6 4 3 1,110 130 3,890 30,900 1,560 25,600 1 3,320 36,500 Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_____ Jewelry, silverware, and plated w a r e .._____ Musical instruments and p a r ts ___________ Toys and sporting and athletic goods _____ Pens, pencils, and other office and artists’ materials_______ ____ _____ ________ . . . _ Costume jewelry, costume novelties, buttons, and miscellaneous notions (ex cept precious metal)____________________ Fabricated plastics products, not elsewhere classified___________ ____ _________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries___ 96 8 3 19 18,600 580 1,130 5,300 237,000 3,860 8,110 41,800 2 110 970 5 650 5,910 20 39 3,140 7,720 20,700 155,000 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing_____________ Agriculture. _ . ____________ ___________ Fishing________ ___________ ____ ______ 12 9 3 20,700 20,400 250 152,000 147,000 4,730 _____ __________ Mining. _ __________ ____ Metal____________________________________ Anthracite____________ _______ _______ Bituminous-coal____ ______________________ Crude petroleum and natural gas production. Nonmetallic and quarrying ____ ________ 2 508 14 41 430 2 22 Construction__________ __________________ Building_______ ________ ____________ Highways, streets, bridges, docks, etc. _____ ________________ . . . _______ Miscellaneous 611 526 82 3 196, 000 6, 590 22,200 165,000 170 2,270 237,000 229,000 7,480 160 9,700,000 235,000 80,100 9,320,000 640 64,600 2,460,000 2,410,000 50,300 1,670 Trade______ ___________________ ___ ____ Wholesale__________________ ________ .. Retail___________________________________ 381 167 214 70,100 37,500 32, 600 927.000 309.000 618,000 Finance, insurance, and real estate___________ Finance-banks, credit agencies, investment ___________ trusts, etc_______________ Insurance------------------------------------------Real estate_______________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities__________ ______ .._ Railroads________________________________ Streetcar and bus transportation (city and suburban)___ ____________________ .. Intercity motorbus transportation _______ Motortruck transportation___ ____________ Taxicabs. _. ------------- --------- -------------- . Water transportation ___ _______ Air transportation._ _ _____ . . . --------Communication_____ ________ ____ _______ Heat, light, and power ------------------------------Miscellaneous_____ __________ __________ Services—personal, business, and other___ __ Hotels and other lodging p laces____ . . . Laundries----------- ---------------------------------Cleaning, dyeing, and pressing------------------Business services------ ------ ----------------Automobile repair services and garages. _ .. Amusement and recreation _______________ Medical and other health services__________ Educational services____________ _______ Miscellaneous____________________ ______ 31 13,000 52, 500 1 2 28 10 100 12, 900 120 4,780 47, 600 386 17 405,000 261,000 2,380,000 1,450,000 74 23 103 52 24 3 14 25 51 182 29 35 22 24 17 12 7 13 23 19, 900 3,860 9,250 5,330 3,760 8, 280 71,000 9,480 12, 700 13,900 1,540 2, 220 2,120 2, 340 960 300 220 3,700 550 244,000 43, 900 89,800 116,000 54,400 38,100 176,000 43,700 129,000 161,000 17,400 27,300 9,410 27, 500 11,900 9,180 2.520 40,000 16, 200 28 3,990 32,700 Nonmanufacturing Government—administration, protection, and sanitation *---------------------------------------------- 1 The figure on number of workers includes some duplicatei counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. 2 This figure is less than the sum of the group totals below. This is because a few strikes, each affecting more than one industry, have been counted as separate strikes in each industry affected with the proper allocation of workers and man-days idle to each industry. 3 Stoppages involving municipally operated utilities are included under “ transportation, communication, and other public utilities.” T able B Total Industry group Beginning in 1950 .— W ork stoppages in 1950, by in d u stry group and m ajor issu e Wages and hours Beginning in 1950 Union organization wages and hours Other working conditions Union organization Beginning in 1950 Beginning in 1950 Beginning in 1950 ManManManMandays days days days idle, idle, Work idle, 1950 idle, 1950 Work 1950 1950 Num Workers (all stop Num Workers (all stop Num ers (all (all Num ers ber involved 1 pages) ber involved 1 pages) in ber in ber stop stop volved1 pages) volved1 pages) All industries___________ 4,843 2,410,000 38,800,000 22,559 1,460,000 32,500,000 All manufacturing industries________ ____ 22,705 1,450,000 22,900,000 1,614 922,000 19,000,000 Primary metal industries________________ 309 142,000 1,180,000 86,300 914,000 181 Fabricated metal products 2 3_______________ 1 278 969,000 85,800 62,900 707,000 181 Ordnance and accessories____________ . . . 2 530 6,180 2 530 6,180 Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies________________ 168 132,000 1, 420, 000 94,300 1, 220,000 107 Machinery (except elec224,000 4, 410,000 trical)______________ 317 154,000 3,760,000 207 Transportation equipment____ ___________ 171 368,000 8, 540,000 212,000 7,960,000 96 Lumber and wood products (except furni119 23, 600 700,000 ture)_______________ 8,820 198,000 71 Furniture and fixtures. 106 15; 800 315; 000 12; 100 264; 000 70 Stone, clay, and glass 132 44,600 652,000 products____________ 35, 300 77 530,000 Textile mill products. 686,000 147 48, 400 24, 500 65 256,000 187 17,900 228,000 Apparel, etc.4_________ 82 11,700 146,000 Leather and leather 84 products____________ 25,300 157,000 20,100 48 125,000 Food and kindred prod 185 ucts. _ _____________ 57, 000 691,000 41, 500 540,000 109 Tobacco manufactures __ 5 2,880 33,000 2,430 3 23,400 Paper and allied prod 76 ucts_______ _______ 360,000 18,900 13,000 260,000 51 Printing, publishing, and allied industries.. 54 10, 400 240,000 29 8,020 149,000 Chemicals and allied products____________ 96 39, 200 795, 000 29, 700 714,000 70 Products of petroleum 22 and coal_____________ 792,000 16,400 13,800 786,000 18 136 Rubber products______ 136,000 385, 000 164,000 65,100 76 Instruments, etc.6. ___ 26 23,100 104,000 158,000 11,900 18 Miscellaneous manu facturing industries. _ 96 18,600 237,000 53 13,900 168,000 All nonmanufacturing in dustries____________ 22,138 959,000 15,900,000 957 540,000 13, 500,000 Agriculture, forestry, 12 and fishing__________ 20, 700 152,000 8 19,000 138,000 508 Mining_______________ 196,000 9, 700,000 45,000 9,120,000 86 611 237,000 2, 460,000 Construction__________ 190,000 2,070,000 335 381 70,100 927,000 662,000 Trade________________ 198 61,000 Finance, insurance, and 31 13,000 52, 500 41,700 real estate ________ 12, 600 10 Transportation, com munication, and other 386 405, 000 2,380, 000 public utilities______ 219 201,000 1,400, 000 S e r v ic e s —p e rso n a l, business, and other... 182 13,900 161,000 79 6,560 84,900 Governm ent—admin istration, protection, 28 32, 700 3, 990 22 3, 700 32,000 and sanitation_______ 270 53,700 151 44,400 662,000 Mandays idle, Work 1950 Num ers (all ber in stop volved 1 pages) 649 76,200 1,560,000 1,065 746,000 3,450,000 316 50,800 1,160,000 546 401,000 1,940,000 Not reported Beginning in 1950 Beginning Manin 1950 days idle, “ ■d Work 1950 Num ers (all Num ber in ber stop volved1 pages) Is Mandays idle, 1950 (all stop pages) 255 65,800 419,000 45 7,330 65,800 70 29,200 146,000 19 3,110 49,100 11 3, 650 58,000 10 4,030 45,300 99 44,400 142,000 6 3,950 17,300 210 320 10 540 12,300 40 5,170 145,000 41 14,800 90,700 3 1,030 6,310 3 1,440 7,080 7 2,180 15,100 10 1,400 14,000 40 31,900 169,000 3 1,950 2,510 1 10 10 27 5,150 94,600 18 11,500 172,000 59 46, 700 345,000 2 6,150 18,500 4 450 16,800 53 133,000 391,000 5 4,590 18,400 1 270 8 13, 200 107,000 9 4,990 61,900 2 8 3 920 180 48,200 14,400 20 10,100 19 1, 290 387,000 17,300 16 10 3, 630 1, 590 62, 600 15,300 4 3 150 410 4,360 4,280 10 11 15 1, 430 1,900 1,240 49, 400 39, 200 19,000 13 35 56 1,740 3,640 2,100 20, 500 166,000 42, 900 27 34 23 5, 610 18,000 1,850 48, 800 207,000 9,500 5 570 3, 210 8 730 6,610 2 3 380 17,800 190 4,440 2 140 2,390 1 30 30 1 10 6,000 12 730 8,420 17 3,790 11,800 4 540 3,730 10 2 600 450 19,100 9,610 29 1,330 46, 700 29 12, 900 63, 200 8 660 21,200 68, 200 6 1, 730 29, 600 6 270 2,230 13 3,890 4 1, 550 75, 500 12 380 10,800 6 210 4, 280 2 210 420 3 270 6,150 6 730 3,640 13 5, 550 59, 700 4 2,970 11,900 1 380 580 7,950 3,820 14, 500 25,100 580 «180 3,910 3 4 51 2 2,240 65, 600 3,220 2,290 196,000 28,900 2 1 4, 590 10 6,350 10 520 15,100 10 2,680 22,100 10 730 21, 200 3 5 6 270 790 10, 900 333 25,300 401,000 519 344,000 1,520,000 185 36,600 273,000 26 4,220 16,600 60 7,040 8, 710 3,390 340 53, 600 115,000 154,000 1 100 335 135,000 45 10, 600 3,290 40 26 5, 670 22,700 124 25, 400 166, 000 990 31,000 9 17 3, 440 11,000 2 470 3,800 40 110 1 17 119 9, 260 127,000 1 2 39 80 91 5 25 42 1, 500 350 1,380 1,350 12,000 6, 230 11, 500 44,900 4 100 1, 750 12 270 7,330 23 2,570 35,400 49 2,220 32, 900 76 195,00 19 2,010 14, 900 59 3,640 38, 200 14 1 10 90 5 1 The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in a year. 2 This figure is less than the sum of the figures below because a few stoppages, each affecting more than 1 industry group, have been counted as separate stoppages in each industry group affected. Workers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective groups. 789,000 Interunion or in traunion matters 3 1,430 494,000 101,000 35,600 810 2 30 870 880,000 15 3,300 31,400 4 240 1,550 490 2,520 9 1, 210 20,800 2 40 130 280 600 40 3 Excludes ordnance, machinery, and transportation equipment. 4 Includes other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials. 5 Idleness in 1950 which resulted from a stoppage begun in the preceding year. 6 Includes professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks. 19 T able C. — W ork stoppages in 1950 in S tates which had 25 or more stoppages du rin g the ye a r, by in d u stry group Stoppages beginning in 1950 State and industry group Alabama Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)______ Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Furniture and fixtures_________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Rubber products______________________________ Mining______________ _____ ____________________ Construction__________________________________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other............... .. California Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)....... ...... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)_____________ ______ Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures_________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials__________________ Leather and leather products___________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries----------Chemicals and allied products__________________ Rubber products______________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ Agriculture, forestry, and fishing________________ Construction____________________________ ____ .. Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other............ ...... Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages) Work ers in volved 1 2 108 51,100 676,000 Florida 13 14,800 55,400 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 2 90 360 1,140 110 370 540 3,010 100 1 2 46 5 8 330 1,850 20, 500 1,190 200 1,890 610 30,700 4, 870 2,680 11, 500 18, 200 7,040 31, 620 460 4, 610 470,000 18, 700 3,080 Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials_________ _____ . Food and kindred products _______ __________ Tobacco manufactures _____ ______ ___ . . . Paper and allied products... ____ ____________ Construction_________ __________ __________ Trade__ __ . _________ ____ -Transportation, communication, and other public ___________________ utilities____ ___ _______ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation_______________ ____________________ 17 2 6,440 20 42,400 2,440 2238 138,000 1,630,000 8 2,130 30, 600 2, 460 1,180 650 6,180 720 100 750 200 24, 700 18,000 9,170 224,000 3,300 460 12, 400 2,040 18 2 16 3 2 2 1 6 8 38 39 630 70 13,100 710 90 800 210 250 20,400 59,000 5, 880 7,520 240 183,000 14, 200 660 6,000 3, 510 2, 880 147, 000 668,000 150,000 30 15 21,300 1,430 101,000 18,100 Colorado Primary metal industries_______________________ Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Food and kindred products_____________________ Mining________________________________________ Construction________________________ _____ ____ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_______ ______________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ 2 34 1 2 1 3 6 8 6 24,500 310 650 90 420 840 11,100 1,050 528,000 1, 260 4, 740 2, 090 5, 990 87, 600 340,000 4,130 6 2 10,000 30 81, 200 500 Connecticut Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)_______ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)____ _______________ Transportation equipment_____ ____ ___________ Furniture and fixtures.............................................. Stone, clay, and glass products................................. Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials__________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries.............. Chemicals and allied products___________________ Rubber products_______________________ _______ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ Construction______________ ____________________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities________________________ _____________ Services—personal, business, and other................. 2 83 9 13,300 3,300 87,100 9,040 5 5 3 1 1 2 7 820 2,440 410 180 40 90 650 9,890 3,740 1,730 2,800 450 170 11,000 3 190 State and industry group Num ber 10 8 4 11 7 3 4 4 See footnotes at end of table. Stoppages beginning in 1950 1 4 3 2 3 16 10 20 220 710 1,350 560 1,310 580 1,250 3 760 660 3,650 4,310 13, 200 630 17,100 3, 690 4 5 250 140 1,270 1,680 Georgia Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Transportation equipment _ --------- ------------------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Textile-mill products_________ _______ _____ .. Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials._ . . . ___ ______ _ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ............ Construction_________ ________ ____________ Trade _ ______________ - Finance, insurance, and real esta te--------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.. ________ __ _ _. ___ _________ Services—personal, business, and o t h e r ..------ . . . Government—administration, protection, and sanitation_______________ ___ ___________ Illinois Primary metal industries_______ ____ ________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation e q u ip m en t)..------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical) . ---------- ---------------Transportation equipment___ . . . Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures--------------------------------- -Stone, clay, and glass products_________ . . . . .. Textile-mill products ______ . . . . . ----Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and simils.r materials-------------- ---------Leather and leather products----------------- . . Food and kindred products. _ __________________ Paper and allied products__________ ____ _______ Printing, publishing, and allied industries----------Chemicals and allied p rod u cts-----------Products of petro’eum and coal. ._. ------------ . . . Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks__________ . . . -----------------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries--------------Mining __ ____ _________ Construction__ __________ __________________ Trade ___ _______ ___ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities ___ _______________ Services—personal, business, and other--------------Government—administration, protection, and sanitation________ ____________ ______ ________ Indiana Primary metal industries----------------------------------Fabricated metal p roducts (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)-----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical)-----------------------------Transportation equipment--------------------------------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures____________________ _____ Stone, clay, and glass products.-------------------------Textile-mill products----------------------------------Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials......... ........................ Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages) Num ber Work ers in volved 1 2 31 8,550 65,700 2 1 640 50 7,300 1,620 2 3 1 1 8 3 60 60 90 470 2,470 270 1,890 1,070 3,060 2,610 34, 500 1,690 8 2 4,060 60 11,400 320 1 320 320 2 42 9,830 101,000 2 80 1,640 4 2 1 1 1 3 150 140 110 90 140 1,040 1,660 6,530 3,620 6,770 3,380 5,180 2 1 7 3 1 40 300 1,020 280 60 80 5,880 5,150 1,840 2,960 13 1 6,320 10 56,100 300 1 20 40 2331 164,000 2 ,970,000 26 6,610 82, 700 23 11 61 7 4 10 3 4 12,800 3,340 61, 900 3,070 410 1, 640 1,060 1,600 151,000 28,600 1,220,000 32,000 4,910 24, 200 15,400 27,800 10 2 12 6 1 5 6 520 490 3,240 1,870 460 440 4, 520 23,500 920 37,200 53,100 930 33,500 170,000 3 9 24 52 14 2,320 1,200 14,800 8,150 3, 410 32,100 24,700 724,000 62, 400 40,000 24 12 29, 800 630 173,000 9,360 4 170 330 2 179 159,000 2,010,000 18 7,280 24,900 13 9 22 17 1 4 9 1 1,830 7,750 23, 600 75,000 90 760 3,990 450 15,000 88,100 280,000 1,070,000 340 15,200 70,500 1,800 2 480 2,290 20 T able C .— W ork stoppages in 1950 in States which had 25 or more stoppages during the year , by in dustry group — Continued Stoppages beginning in 1950 State and industry group Work Num ers ber in volved 1 Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages) 2 7 6 1 1 9 1 5 15 17 440 1,430 1,070 100 110 15,000 20 940 1,800 990 830 11,700 23, 700 2,950 840 54,800 360 228,000 17,600 9,960 15 2 15,900 10 70,100 60 4 330 20,900 2 52 32,400 1 060,000 2 170 4,830 1 10 1 1 3 1 8 3 1 7 7 60 15,300 780 10 180 20 4,650 1, 750 60 510 320 1, 540 867, 000 71,300 360 5,630 260 27, 700 3, 770 3,600 1,700 2,370 5 1 8,580 10 70,100 20 2 20 90 Kansas 241 16,700 191,000 Primary metal industries_______________________ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Transportation equipment______________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Mining____ _____ ______________________________ Construction___________________________________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities........ ........................................................... 1 1 1 4 8 1 .1 1 9 4 150 160 170 1,010 2,610 20 20 50 3,050 380 910 6,720 12, 200 9,050 8,360 110 240 6,180 87,200 2,040 11 9,120 58,400 2 160 72,900 1 260,000 1 1,530 15,600 4 1 11 2 2 7 2 2 450 130 21, 500 470 300 1,200 100 250 1,000 12,100 467, 000 4,370 2,430 27,400 1,910 6,870 1 3 1 1 1 1 76 12 10 400 970 680 1,390 40 10 240 36,100 1,470 1,500 2,000 3,280 6,830 18,800 910 40 7,800 626,000 15,500 12,900 15 1 3,970 10 28,000 50 1 150 450 Iowa Primary metal industries_________ ____ _________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)-----------Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Rubber products_______________________________ Mining______________ ____ ________________ ____ Construction__________________________________ Trade--------------- ------ ---------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities___________ __________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation____________________________________ Kentucky Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)-----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)___ ____ ____________ Transportation equipment____________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Furniture and fixtures_______ _____ ____________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials---------------------------Leather and leather products____________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Tobacco manufactures__________________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries-----------Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ M ining..--------- --------- ------------------------ ------------Construction_____________ ____ _________ _______ Trade.......... ................ ............................................... Transportation, communication, and other public utilities.......... ...................................................... Services—personal, business, and other................... Government—admio istration, protection, and sanitation................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. State and industry group Number Louisiana Indiana—Continued Leather and leather products___________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Paper and allied products----------------------------------Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Rubber products. _____ ______ __________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ Mining----------------------- ------ -----------------------------Construction__________________________________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation____________________________________ Stoppages beginning in 1950 6 , , 2 39 Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Textile-mill prod ucts..________ ________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries----------Chemicals and allied products___________________ Mining___ ______ ________ ____ _________________ Construction___________________________________ Trade______ ____ ____________ ____ ____________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_______ ______________________________ Services—personal, business, and other---------------Government—administration, protection, and sanitation____________________________________ Maryland Primary metal industries_______________________ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical)____________________ Transportation equipment______________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials___________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Agriculture, forestry, and fishing________________ Mining___ _______ _____________________________ Construction___________________________________ Trade_____________________ ____________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities______ _______________________________ Massachusetts Primary metal industries------------------ ---------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)----------Ordnance and accessories_______________________ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products----- -------- ------------Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials__________________ Leather and leather products___________________ Food and kindred products-------------------------------Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries----------Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Rubber products................... ................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing industries--------------Agriculture, forestry, and fishing________________ Construction____________________ ______________ Trade_________ ____ ___________________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities----------- ---------------------------------------------Services—personal, business, and other---------------Michigan Primary metal industries----------------------------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Transportation equipment--------------------------------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-milhproducts----------------------------------------Apparel andgother finished products made from fabrics and similar materials---------------------------- Workers in volved 1 Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages) 9,230 104,000 150 720 90 150 14,400 2,300 10 20 30 590 130 4, 760 380 780 39,700 1,740 24,200 3, 650 2,100 120 15,100 1,670 170 510 238 8,410 115,000 2 1 3 1 4 2 330 50 570 950 1,120 230 1,410 1,150 7,180 46, 600 9, 670 2,760 1 120 1 30 730 480 3 180 240 3 16,100 9,280 2,980 150 1 10 8 6 1 1,210 790 10 8 2,990 16, 500 2193 58,400 776,000 6 5,820 380 6 370 1 200 8 20,500 12 4,250 4 2,540 1 30 6 520 2 140 13 3,240 1,810 5,860 254,000 96.100 32.000 60 2,340 590 19.000 1,360 24.100 37.100 71,300 14.800 360 4,800 119,000 24, 700 3,090 1,430 23.800 21, 700 30 17 24 8 6 1 1 1 4 6 8,100 1,680 690 20 480 1,800 4,530 1,030 1 100 28 20 2 2,710 1,850 14 5 1,600 2 332 345,000 7 360,000 30 19,100 124,000 32 15,000 13 6,290 32 17,800 54 205,000 780 5 4 2, 290 1, 220 5 1,230 2 65.800 87.800 96.500 6,230,000 23.500 119,000 20, 700 16,000 2 20 220 160 2,580 , 490 21 T able C.— W ork stoppages in 1950 in States which had 25 or more stoppages during the yeary by in du stry group — Continued Stoppages beginning in 1950 State and industry group Num ber Work ers in volved 1 Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages ) 1 6 5 1 11 1 29 250 650 1,190 270 9,720 330 32,700 1,000 9,460 28,300 12,000 170,000 5,010 67,200 1 6 24 31 3 90 2,060 2,980 4,240 40 1,130 12,000 29,100 54,600 190 14 12 16,600 3,110 51, 200 28,000 1 1, 500 5,230 M innesota 2 74 29,000 228,000 1 100 570 2 1 2 5 1 2 350 330 650 1,070 50 480 9,310 330 8,380 15,000 160 17,300 4 7 2 2 1 1,490 910 400 120 30 15, 600 9,740 1, 660 4,190 390 3 3 12 5 7, 710 280 490 760 18,300 2, 290 1,460 6,370 14 8 13,600 120 113,000 3,250 2 161 Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)-----------Ordnance and accessories_______ . . . ____ ____ _ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical).------ ---------------------Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials__________________ Food and kindred products______ _____________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries_______ Chemicals and allied products_______________ .. Rubber products_______________________________ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks___________________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries__ . . . _ Construction__________________________ . . . Trade.. __ ________ ___ _________ Transportation, communication, and other public _ ____ ._ _______ utilities Services—personal, business, and other________ . Primary metal industries_____________ _____ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)____ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical)_________________ Transportation equipment______________ . . -Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________ _____ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials_______ ________ _ Leather and leather products____________________ Food and kindred p r o d u c t s .____ ______________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries-----------Chemicals and allied products___________________ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks____________________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. ................ Mining________________________________________ Construction_______________________________ Trade_______________________ __________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate_______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities... __ __ _____________________ ___ Services—personal, business, and__________ other New Jersey Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)-----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)__________ _______ _ See footnotes at end of table State and industry group Num ber Work ers in volved 1 Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages ) New Jersey—Continued M ichigan—C ontinued Leather and leather products___________________ Food and kindred products__________ ___________ Paper and allied products_______ ___ _______ Printing, publishing, and allied industries________ Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Rubber products___________________________ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches ____ __________ _ and clocks_______________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries__________ Construction______ ______ ______________________ Trade.. _ _. __ ____________ _. Finance, insurance, and real estate____________ . Transportation, communication, and other public utilities____ _ _________ ____________ _ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation______ _______ ______________________ Missouri Stoppages beginning in 1950 47,900 347,000 7 1,200 11,000 7 2 10 8 1 5 6 1,050 330 810 3, 870 20 960 1,130 7,290 3,020 36,000 24,000 260 13,300 4,480 7 11 13 3 1,220 3,380 4,420 550 4 480 23,400 9, 660 55,400 2, 580 » 5,180 2,780 1 4 2 19 — 23 1 30 220 60 4,820 5,020 80 390 3,250 11,200 28,800 32,900 470 18 10 18,100 180 68,300 2,940 2 309 116,000 1,030,000 14 4,720 116,000 26 15 15 5,180 9,870 9,440 58,200 79,500 142,000 Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures_________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials__________________ Leather and leather products___________________ Food and kindred products____ ______ __________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries_______ Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Rubber products______________________________ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks___________________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ Agriculture, forestry, and fishing________________ Mining________________________________________ Construction____ ________ ____ ____ ____________ Trade________________________ ____ ____________ Finance, insurance, and real estate______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation_________ ______ ______ _____________ New York 10 1 5 32 20 3 26,600 76,100 580 450 6,560 1,240 1,530 7,230 240 4,050 12,500 1,390 40.400 49, 500 24,900 32.400 940 9,690 4,990 4,880 25, 500 57.400 30 7,230 46.500 15.900 120 10 740 7,500 2,210 30 75,000 9,860 6,020 30 12 19,200 330 1 30 30 2 578 187,000 2,190,000 15, 500 150.000 6,130 27,500 5,930 4,970 360 1.400 3,190 7,450 90.900 288.000 138.000 23.800 3,060 8, 690 54,000 56.500 1,700 7.400 3, 670 2, 770 2,870 3,590 70 24.400 80.500 93.800 46,200 92, 500 159.000 700 3, 500 2,660 32,400 8,130 12,600 36.700 55.900 376.000 101.000 39.100 30,000 3,640 219.000 50.100 Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures_________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials---------------------------Leather and leather products___________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries----------Chemicals and allied products--------------- -----------Rubber products______________________________ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks___________________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ Construction---------------- -------- --------------------------Trade_________________________________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other. ............ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation................................................ .............. North Carolina Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies— Transportation equipment...................................... . Furniture and fixtures________ ________ ________ _ Stone, clay, and glass products................................ Textile-mill products..................... ..................... . Tobacco manufactures................ .........................— Paper and allied products........ ...... ..................... . Mining________________ ________ _______________ Construction........................................................— Trade________ __________________________ ______ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities................................................................. Government—administration, protection, and sanitation..... ........................................................... 13,900 360 840 2,620 7,000 111,000 2,860 10 70 12,700 2 1,000 70 1 3 560 1 60 2,970 8 20 1 40 1 1 150 1,550 120 75.700 1,980 1,270 5,060 930 23.100 1,150 160 600 13.900 760 5 6,110 26,500 1 40 231 2469 Ohio 60 Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma 46 chinery, and transportation equipment)__.......... 220,000 180 20,800 2,550,000 118.000 19,500 267,000 22 T able C.— W ork stoppages in 1950 in States which had 25 or more stoppages during the year} by in dustry group — Continue d Stoppages beginning in 1950 State and Industry group Num ber Work ers in volved 1 Stoppages beginning in 1950 Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages) State and industry group Num ber Pennsylvania—C ontinued O h io—C ontinued Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical).................................... Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures_________________ ________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other fiinished products made from fabrics and similar materials___________________ Leather and leather products____________________ Food and kindred products________ ____ ________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries--....... . Chemicals and allied products________________ _ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Rubber products_______________________________ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks_________________________________ — Miscellaneous manufacturing industries------ -------MIning_______ ____________ ____ _______ ________ Construction___________________________________ Trade_________________________ ____ ____________ Finance, insurance, and real estate_______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities______________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other.................. Government—administration, protection, and sanitation................................................... ............. O klahom a 25 45 26 3 5 23 1 22,800 19,400 19,800 350 340 8, 670 680 200,000 369,000 315,000 2,950 7,120 146,000 15,000 5 2 11 4 3 11 2 33 220 90 2,920 1,950 50 4,150 40 27,100 4, 010 2,380 30,000 15,300 1,560 172, 000 210 83,200 1 5 30 34 30 4 100 2,020 7,180 13,100 3,380 50 2,530 9,090 439,000 90,900 50,800 1, 260 44 15 43,700 650 197,000 8,190 2 870 3,130 243 11,100 111,000 2 720 33,200 Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)----------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Stone, clay, and glass products----- ------- --------------Food and kindred products_____________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries-----------Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Construction__________________________________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities______________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other---------------- 3 1 3 1 1 1 8 7 280 370 110 30 10 350 970 610 3,980 1,970 930 170 10 3,480 3,410 4,320 13 4 7, 630 40 59, 500 240 Oregon 248 12,200 226,000 1 110 1,110 1 1 24 2,000 50 6,280 35, 900 1,930 154,000 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 4 370 1,200 30 60 130 150 160 270 2,730 15,000 490 1,160 660 900 620 1, 560 5 1,340 50 9,000 910 2603 297,000 5 280,000 52 28,000 179,000 39 27 41 12 6 13 31 26 7,880 20, 500 28,200 17, 600 160 1,830 14,200 9,310 80,900 236,000 214,000 113,000 1,280 21,400 176,000 177,000 40 8 15 2 12 6,040 2,410 4,080 920 4,360 33,100 15,000 32, 500 3,130 62,800 Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials___________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries-----------Products of petroleum and coal____________ _____ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries--------------Mining-------------- ---------------------- ^---------------------Construction.-------------------------------------------------Trade---------------- ---------------------------------------------Transportation, communication, and other public utilities______________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other.................. Pennsylvania Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)_______ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures___ _____ _____ ___________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials___________________ Leather and leather products____ _______________ Food and kindred products________ ____ ________ Tobacco manufactures_________________ _________ Paper and allied products.......................................... See footnotes at end of table. Work ers in volved 1 Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages) 3 , 6 9 3,710 3,410 2,660 4,800 80,900 20,600 21,500 18,100 3 7 100 40 37 2 3,100 2,090 53,800 7,830 17,300 70 29,500 45,400 3,000,000 84, 200 294,000 5, 710 37 17 51,100 2,060 321,000 15,200 Printing, publishing, and allied industries-----------Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal_______ _____ _____ ___ __________ Rubber products____________ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks_____________________ _ ----------------Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_______ _ Mining_______________ ___________________ ___ Construction__ __________________________ . --. Trade_________________________________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate___ ________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities____ _______ _________________________ Services personal, business, and o t h e r . . . . ___ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation___________________________________ 1 10 20 R hode Island 29 5,060 86,500 Primary metal in d u stries...______ __ ________ Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical ________________ .. Textile-mill products. ________________________ Paper and allied products___________________ _. Printing, publishing, and allied industries----------Rubber products_______________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries______ ._ Construction_________________________ _______ Trade_______ _______ ____ _____ ______ _______ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____ _____ ___________________ ______ Services—personal, business, and other................... 2 1 3 6 1 1 1 2 2 4 1,190 400 580 1,440 350 160 260 70 60 70 15,100 3,600 20,100 15, 900 21, 700 2,880 260 280 320 1,280 4 2 460 20 4,990 100 2131 72,300 636,000 4 3,850 31,400 4 5 3 2 7 3 4 560 1,370 3.300 400 890 480 670 18,400 13,000 122, 000 1,510 22,100 5, 700 8,890 2 1 1 2 4 25 21 19 3 830 170 360 10 30 1,140 33, 200 6, 710 10,300 120 29,900 1,070 6, 550 220 900 64,800 74, 700 136,000 61, 400 5,070 18 1 7,840 60 32, CC0 170 2 101 41,400 769,000 3 1,270 12,300 2 2 1 30 260 250 270 40 1,190 170 12,900 1,340 6,750 180 50,500 3 640 230 30 240 5, 590 140 12,900 2,420 6,290 830 220 13,300 441,000 4,280 73,000 15,000 29 4 15, 800 90 126,000 4,530 1 10 30 — ) Tennessee Primary metal industries---- --------- -------------------Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)--------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)___ ________________ Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products_______ _____ .. Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials---------------------Food and kindred products____________________ . Tobacco manufactures_________________ _______ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries---------Chemicals and allied products__________________ Rubber products________ ___________________ Mining________ _______ ________________________ Construction. _____ ____________________________ Trade_____ ____ ____________________ ________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities............ ........... ................... ........... ........... Services—personal, business, and other__________ Texas Primary metal industries................................ ...... Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipm ent)......... . Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)_____________ ______ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Textile-mill products.____ ______________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials.................. .............. Food and kindred products___________ __________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries_______ Chemicals and allied products______________ ____ Products of petroleum and coal--......... ................... Mining________________________________________ Construction_______________ _________ __________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_________________________ ____ ________ Services—personal, business, and other............ ...... Government—administration, protection, and sanitation.......... ..................... ...................... ......... 10 11 3 3 1 3 2 3 1 2 2 30 10 23 T able C .— W ork stoppages in 1950 in States which had 25 or more stoppages during the year, by in dustry group — Continued Stoppages beginning in 1950 State and industry group Utah Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)_______ Food and kindred products_____________________ Chemicals and allied products___________________ Mining________________________________________ Construction__________________________________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Virginia Primary metal industries_______________________ Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Stone, clay, and glass products______ _____ ______ Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials__________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Tobacco manufactures__________________________ Chemicals and allied products__________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ Mining______ ____ _____________________________ Construction____________ ____ _________________ Trade_______________________________ _____ ____ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities______ ____ __________________________ Washington Primary metal industries______________________ Transportation equipment--------------------------------Lumber and wood products (except furniture)----Furniture and fixtures_________________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries_______ Professional, scientific, and controlling instru ments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks___________________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries_________ Agriculture, forestry, and fishing________________ Mining______________ ____ ____________________ Construction__________________________________ Trade_________________________________________ Finance, insurance, and real estate______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities_____________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages ) Num ber Work ers in volved 1 2 31 21,400 369,000 3 2,070 9,330 1 1 1 12 5 2 120 30 110 3,740 12,100 80 720 110 3,920 292,000 37,100 480 5 2 3,110 10 25,100 90 2 84 26,300 419,000 3 1 1 2 1 690 20 60 110 130 18,000 2,610 550 880 660 1 3 1 1 1 46 10 7 280 1,010 100 2,800 40 14,900 1, 590 560 550 3,500 240 8,450 340 330,000 15,200 20,400 7 4,070 17, 600 276 23,400 446,000 4 5 24 1 2 2 1, 630 1,890 8, 950 290 2, 550 30 12,000 26,300 318,000 290 23,000 80 1 3 1 10 120 140 8 7 1 300 580 20 530 620 3,060 3 8, 600 1,650 4,480 790 14 4 6,840 30 45, 700 680 1 The figure on number of workers includes some duplicate counting where the same workers were involved in more than one stoppage in the year. 2 This figure is less than the sum of the figures below because a few stop Stoppages beginning in 1950 State and industry group West Virginia Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)-----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies___ Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products__________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials___________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries-----------Chemicals and allied products___________________ Products of petroleum and coal__________________ Mining________________________________________ Construction__________________________________ Trade_________________________________________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities______________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation____ _______________________________ Wisconsin Primary metal industries_______________________ Fabricated metal products (except ordnance, ma chinery, and transportation equipment)-----------Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies----Machinery (except electrical)___________________ Transportation equipment______________________ Lumber and wood products (except furniture)___ Furniture and fixtures__________________________ Stone, clay, and glass products....................... .......... Textile-mill products___________________________ Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics and similar materials__________________ Leather and leather products___________________ Food and kindred products_____________________ Paper and allied products_______________________ Printing, publishing, and allied industries....... ...... Kubber products_______________________________ Miscellaneous manufacturing industries__________ Mining________________________________________ Construction________ ____ ______________________ Trade_______________________ ____________ _____ Finance, insurance, and real estate_______________ Transportation, communication, and other public utilities______________________________________ Services—personal, business, and other__________ Government—administration, protection, and sanitation____________________________________ Mandays idle during 1950 (all stop pages) Num ber Work ers in volved 1 2216 54,400 3 910 5,140 5 4 4 3 2 6 2,060 3, 240 520 360 330 2, 580 24,700 16, 200 1, 570 1,250 1,870 34,200 2 3 2 1 4 1 119 15 17 180 210 390 30 1,810 120 33,300 5,100 280 180 6,920 7,270 530 36,900 8,680 3,130,000 33, 200 4, 580 17 4 2,380 330 24,200 2,410 3,340,000 5 300 1,310 2 119 57,200 902,000 7 2,380 96,600 10 2 12 7 5 2 1 1 6, 510 1, 550 6,790 8,680 510 1,070 160 60 92,800 40, 700 277,000 96,900 5,760 50,400 4,620 440 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 19 18 1 40 430 210 980 70 8,410 110 80 12,300 2,490 60 190 1,050 5,810 17,200 1, 530 20,300 150 2,030 142,000 25,400 1,660 7 10 3,950 340 16,700 2,590 1 50 50 pages, each affecting more than one industry group have been counted as separate stoppages in each industry group affected. Workers involved and man-days idle were allocated to the respective groups. 3 Idleness in 1950resulting from stoppages which began in the preceding year. Appendix B Methods of Collecting Strike Statistics The Bureau’s statistics on work stoppages in clude all known strikes and lock-outs in the con tinental United States involving as many as six workers and lasting the equivalent of a full shift or longer. Statistically, work stoppages are measured in terms of the number of stoppages, the number of workers involved, and the number of man-days of idleness. Figures on “workers involved” and “man-days idle” cover all workers made idle for as long as one shift or longer in establishments di rectly involved in a stoppage. They do not mea sure the indirect or secondary effects on other establishments or industries whose employees may be made idle as a result of material or service shortages. Notices of the existence of work stoppages are obtained from various sources. Press clippings on labor disputes are received from daily and weekly newspapers throughout the country. Notices are also received directly from the Fed eral Mediation and Conciliation Service, as well as from agencies concerned with labor-manage ment disputes in the 48 States. Various em ployer associations, corporations, and unions which collect data for their own use also furnish the Bureau with work stoppage information. Upon receipt of information about a new work stoppage a questionnaire is sent to each party involved to secure data on the number of workers involved, duration, major issues, method of settle ment, etc. In some instances, field agents of the Bureau collect the necessary data. For statistical purposes the following definitions are used: A strike is a temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees to express a grievance or to enforce a demand. A lock-out is a temporary withholding of work from a group of employees by an employer (or a group of em ployers) in order to coerce them into accepting the em ployer’s terms. These definitions point out certain characteris tics inherent in each strike or lock-out: (1) The stoppage is temporary rather than permanent; (2) the action is by or against a group rather than an individual; (3) an employer-employee rela tionship exists; and (4) the objective is to express a grievance or enforce a demand. At times, the grievance may or may not be against the employer of the striking group. In jurisdictional, as well as rival union or represen tation strikes, the major elements of dispute may be between two unions rather than directly with the employer. In a sympathy strike, there is us ually no dispute between the striking workers and their immediate employer but the purpose is to give union support or broaden group pressure for the benefit of some other group of workers. Sympathy or protest strikes may also be intended to record the workers’ feelings against actions (or absence of action) by local, State, or Federal Gov ernment agencies on matters of general worker concern. U. S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1951
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