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TOPICAL INDEX
Page
Advertising
1
Aeronautics
1
Agriculture (General)
.1
Agriculture (Crops)
1
Agriculture (Specific Crops)
2
Amuseme nt s, etc«
3
Automotive
3
Auto Production (U*S # and Canada). .3
Banking (National Banks)
3
Banking (Federal Reserve System)
4
Banking (Miscellaneous)
5
Banking Failures
5
Bicycles, etc#
5
Books, News pape rs , etc •
5
Canals...6
Canals (Panama)
.6
Catastrophes, etc *
...6
Commodity Prices (General)
6
Commodity Prices (Miscellaneous)
6
Di scoveryf etc •
~
6
Educati onal
6
Electrical
6
Expositions
...7
Failures (Commercial)
7
Failures (Miscellaneous)
7
Fashions, Vogue s , etc •
»
7
Foreign Affairs (Great Britain)
8
Foreign Affairs (France)
- 8
Foreign Affairs (Germany)
„ 8
Foreign Affairs (Miscellaneous)
8
Foreign Relations of the U,S.
_9
Foreign Trade
„
9
Fue Is ~
..
9
Immigration
.. 10
Insurance
10
Inventions, Events (Misc*)
10
Iron & Steel (General)
...10
Iron 5: Steel (U«S. Steel Corp.)
10
Labor (General)
11
Labor (Strikes)
1 1
fc
Labor (Wage s )
11
Labor (UnemploymBnt, Unrest, etc.) .11
Merchandising
_
11
Monetary (Gold)
12
Monetary (Silver)
12
Monetary (Greenbacks)
,~ 13
Monetary (Mi seel lane ous)
13
Money Market
* 13
New Corporati ons
13
Organizations (Miscellaneous ).
13
Political (Names and Events)
14
Political (Amendments)
15
Political (Supreme Court Decisions) 15
Political (States Admitted)
16
Political (Pensions, Bonus, etc#)
16
Political (Frauds, etc.)
-..
• 16
Po nul at ion
...
16
Railroads (Plant and Equipment)
16
Railroads (Finance, Earnings, etc f )
17
Railroads (Regulation)
-_
— 18
Railroads (Wages, Strikes, etc*)
_18
Railroads (Mileage)
18
Railroads (New Construction)
18
Real Estate, Bldg* Construction, etc.-18
Shipping, Ocean Travel, etc.
18
Speculation, etc*. ..!
18
S port s
19
States and Cities
19
Street Railways
- -». 2 1
Tariffs and Duties
22
Taxation
;
22
Trusts
22
U ,S . Mai 1
Z3
U.S. Treasury
23
Utilities
~..23
\{QLTS
Miscellaneous Names and Events
24
24
ADVERTISING
Patent medicine mfgrs., 1896; breakfast food, 1902; Cal. Fruit Grower*s
Exchange, 1907; National
, 1914$ Radio
, 1923.
AERONAUTICS
Langley fails, 1903; Wright Bros., 1903; 1st Zeppelin, 1908; Bleriot,
1909; N«Y.-Phila. flight, 1910; 1st parachute jump, 1911; 1st Transcont. flight,
1911; Liberty motors, 1918; N,Y.-W&sh. air mail, 1918; N.Y.-Chicago air mail,
1918; 1st Trans-Atlantic flight, 1919; 1st transcont. airmail, 1920; 1st non-stop
transcont, flight, 1923; around-the-world flight, 1924; Detroit-Chicago airfreight, 1925; N.Y.-Chicago overnight air mail, 1925; Lindbergh flight, 1927;
Auto-gyro, 1928; "Question Mark", 1929; "Graf Zeppelin", 1929; Hunter Bros., 1930;
"China Clipper", 1935.
AGRICULTURE (General)
1st canned milk factory, 1861; Homestead Act, 1862; fruit jars, 1864;
Chicago stockyards opened, 1865; 1st Fed. Irrigation law, 1866; Amer. harvesters
and mow. mach* at Paris, 1867; Windmills, 1867; Grange organized, 1867; U. S.
Weather bureau estab., 1870; Elgin a butter center, 1870; 111. R.R. Act, 1871;
self-binders intro., 1871; Anti-monopoly Conv.f 1873; Grange membership, 1874;
Grange harvesters, 1874; barbed wire on mkfc., 1874; 1st refrig. car, 1875;
McCormicks1 in London, 1878; cream separators, 1879; Oranges, 1880; Grange superceded by Nat* Farm. All., 1880; wagon mfg., 1880; drainage tile, 1883; foreign
owned ranches, 1884; Chgo. grain mkt., 1884; woven wire fence, 1885; harvestercombine, 1885; open range disappearing, 1885; Public Land sales, 1886; creameries
vs. churns, 1887; Dept, of Agric. estab., 1889; silk culture, 1889; Okla. opened,
1889; Populist party, 1890; Mary E. Lease, 1890; Russian expts., 1891; Rainmaking experiments, 1891; Boll-weevil, 1892; Cal. Fruit Grow* Exchg. formed, 1893;
Wool Prod., 1897; buggies and harness, 1 9 0 0 ; — n o w exceeded by Mfg., 1900;
Harvester trust, 1902; caterpillar tractor, 1903; cost of buggies, 1905; Farm
Bureau, 1911; % of Agric. expts., 1915; Fordson tractor, 1916; Fed. aid foi* roads,
1916; Fed. Farm Land banks, 1916; Price fixing, 1917; hog prices, 1919, gross farm
income, 1919;
exports, 1920; price of farm land, 1920; # of farms in U.S., 1920;
bloc, 1921; Russ. crop failure, 1921; gasoline tractors, 1921; rural population,
1921; Fed. Intermed. Credit Banks, 1923; McNary-Haugen bills, 1924, 1926, 1927,
1928; Boulder Dam Act 1928; Agric. Mktg. Act, 1929; Medit. fruit fly, 1929; 1st
Farm board loan, 1929; Farm Bd. supports wheat, 1930; abandons stabilization, 1931;
wool production, 1931; gross farm income, 1932; AAA created, 1933; foreclosures
in Iowa, 1933; corn-hog benefits, 1933; drouth, 1934; cotton crop control act,
1934; Frazier-Lemke act, 1935; processing tax suits, 1935; dust storms, 1935.
AGRICULTURE (Crops)
Unusually favorable
Unusually unfavorable
1868 (Wheat and Cotton)
1866 (poor grain)
1870 (Cotton)
1871 (all)
1877 (all)
1890 (Corn and Wheat)
1878 (Cotton)
1894 (Corn)
-1-
AGRICULTURE (Crops) cone.
Unusually favorable
Unusually unfavorable
1879 (Corn and Wheat)
1895 (Cotton)
1880 (Corn and Wheat)
1901 (Corn)
1882 (Cotton)
1907 (all)
1884 (Corn and Wheat)
1909 (Cotton)
1888 (Corn and Cotton)
1930 (Corn)
1891 (all)
1934 (all)
1894 (Cotton)
1897 (Yi/heat and Cotton)
1898 (Wheat and Cotton)
1901 (Wheat)
1904 (Cotton)
1912 (Corn) *
1914 (Wheat and Cotton)
indicates all-time high*
1915 (Wheat) *
1926 (Cotton) *
AGRICULTURE (Specific Crops)
a. CORN:
Exports, 1882i price, 1889 and 1930.
b. COTTON:
Price, 1861,1862,1864,1866,1867,1891,1892,1894,1895,1904,1909,1910,
1914,1917,1920,1930,1933.
Misc.: Eng. turns to India, 1862; — t a x , 1862, 1864, 1866, 1867,
abolished, 1868, bill to refund, 1872; % of world prod-,
1881; -—exports, 1882; calico erase, 1885;
exports, 1889;
boll-weevil, 1892; futures trading, 1912;
exports, 1920;
tariff o n — , 1921;
acreage, 1934.
c. WHEAT:
Price: 1864,1867,1868,1870,1877,1882,1884,1892,1894,1896,1897,1898,
1915,1917,1920,1921,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1935.
Misc.:
in Erie Canal, 1868; exports, 1880 and 1882; visible
supply, 1883J 1st Manitoba shipment, 1885; Indian and
Argentine, 1888; free seed wheat, 1889; prod, in Dakotas, 1890.
AMUSEMENTS, etc.
Stereopticon, 1863; Pianos at Paris, 1867; phonograph, 1887; film roll
camera, 1888; movie camera, 1893; comic strips, 1894; 1st movies, 1896; Barnum &
Bailey, 1896; "Sherlock Holmes11, 1899; Ploradora, 1901; 5/ movie theatres, 1906;
Merry-ividow waltz, 1908; jazz, 1908; censorship, 1910; player-pianos, 1912;
"Prisoners Song" & Victor, 1921; talkies, 1926; all-talking pictures, 1928J
colored motion pictures, 1928*
AUTOMOTIVE
1st hydro-carbon motor, 1863; Henry Pord born, 1863; a four-cycle engine,
1876; Selden applies for patent, 1879; 1st successful motor, 1883; 1st ignition
system, 1883; Michigan's first, 1885; 1st*tire built, 1888; 1st tire used in
Prance, 1892; Duryeafs invention, 1892; 1st Pord, 1892; 1st good-roads Conv., 1894;
1st Haynes, 1894; Selden patent granted, 1895; Duryeafs production, 1895; ParisBordeaux race, 1895; Duryeafs race, 1895; Barnum and Bailey advt., 1896; Olds,
incorp., 1897; 3-speed transmission, 1897; 1st auto sale, 1898; Auto-car's package
carrier, 1898; 1st auto-stable, 1899; Locomobile incorp#, 1899; 1st Packard, 1899;
Taxis in N. Y., 1899; Steam and electrics, 1899; 1st auto show, 1900; Packard
incorp., 1900; steering wheel, 1900; curved-dash Olds, 1900; reverse speed, 1900;
1st speed law, 1901; Mors1 record, 1901; rear-entrance tonneaus, 1901; end of
"horseless carriage", 1901; French production, 1902; 1st arrest for speeding,
1902; N.A.A.M., 1902;. dealers, 1903; 1st transcont. trip, 1903; 1st Cadillac,
1903; 3400-mile tour, 1904; Studebaker, 1904; Buick, 1904; Reo, 1904; Presto-lite,
shock-absorbers, windshields, 1904; a 6-cyl. engine, 1905; 1st ignition lock,
1905; 1st concrete road, 1905; folding tops, 1905; 1st double-decked bus, 1906;
electric horns, 1906; auto show, 1907; average price, 1907; Highland Park, 1907;
General Motors, 1908; N.Y.-Paris race, 1908; # of employees, 1908; 1st model "T",
1908; Hudson, 1909; Hupmobile, 1909; performance contests, 1909; headlight glare*
and dust nuisance, 1909; 6-cyl. cars denounced, 1910; left-hand drive, 1910;
windshields, 1910; Selden patent decision, 1911; self-starter, 1911; # of autos
in U. S., 1912; stolen car menace, 19125 black tire treads, 1912; Chevrolet, 1913;
Pord assembly line, 1913; wire wheels, 1913; Lincoln Highway Ass f n., 1913; Ford's
minimum wages, 1914; Dodge, 1914; 1,000,000th model "T", 1915; 8-cyl. Cadillac,
1915; Federal aid for roads, 1916; Mr. Durant, 1916; Mr. Nash, 1916; Mr* Macauley,
1916; instalment sales, 1916; Fordson tractor, 1916; Liberty motors, 1918; no
auto show, 1919; Ford's minimum wages, 1919; Ford cuts prices, 1920; # per capita,
1920; sedans, 1920; prices cut, 1922; instalment sales, 1922; gasoline taxes,
1922-3; ethyl gasoline, 1923; 10,000,000th model "T" built, 1924; Pord Motor tax,
1925; Dillon Read purchase, 1925; Chrysler, 1925; 5 day 8-hour week, 1926;
15,000,000th model "T", 1927; the "big three", 1927; Chrysler-Dodge merger, 1928;
radio advertising, 1928; # per M# population, 1929; 1st Ford V-8, 1932; "Big
three"\ 1933; # per M. population, 1933; two auto shows, 1935#
AUTO PRODUCTION (U.S. and Canada)
See: 1899,1905.1906,1908,1909,1913,1916,1922,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,
1930,1932,1933.
BANKING (National Banks)
a. Number in U.S.: see 1863, 1865, 1868, 1876, 1922.
BANKING (National Banks) cone.
b. National Bank notes:
in circ*, 1864; additional author., 1870 and 1874; upper limit
removed, 1875; contraction threatened, 1881; retireirent of, 1886;
contraction continues, 1888.
c. Assets:
Govt. Sec* holdings, 1863, 1867, 1877; total assets, 1879.
d. Deposits:
total, 1866; begin sharp rise, 1878; up 40$, 1880*
e* Reserves:
Excess, 1868, 1869, 1870; deficit in, 1872; excess, 1876, 1884, 1885;
deficient, 1890; excess, 1894; deficient, 1905.
f. Misc.:
National Bank Act, I86S3 1st West of Rockies, 1865; "surprise calls"
inaug.,, 1869; Chase National opened, 1877; threaten to contract circ,
1881; oppose refunding, 1881; charters renewed, 1882.
BANKING (Federal Reserve System)
a. General:
Aldrich-Vreeland Currency Act, 1908; Natfl Monetary Commission, 1908;
reports to Cong*, 1912; Fed. Res. Act, 1913; banks open, 1914; gold
reserves, 1914 & 1919; earnings, 1920; Glass-Steagall Act, 1932;
lose all gold, 1934; "credit control" act, 1935.
b. Credit Outstanding:
See 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1933.
c. Rates:
See 1915, 1917, up 1920, 1923, cut 1924, cut 1927, up 1928, 5-hr,
meeting, 1929, up 1929, cut 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934.
d. Gov't. Sec. Holdings:
See 1919, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1929, 1932, 1933.
e. Rediscounts:
See 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1928, 1931, 1935.
f. Ratio:
See 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920, 1921.
g. Notes:
See 1918, 1920, 1930.
h. Bills bought:
See 1934•
BANKING (Federal Reserve System) cone.
i. Member Banks:
(1) Deposits, 1924, 1927, 1928, 19S0, 1933.
(2) Loans and Inv/, 1920, 1924, 1927, 1929.
(3) Excess Reserves, 1929, 1932, 1934, 1935.
(4) Legal Reserves, 1924, 1932.
(5) Govt. Sec. Holdings, 1917, 1919*
BANKING (Miscellaneous)
State bank note issues, 1861; state bank notes taxed, 1865; many banks
formed, 1872; savings banks deposits, 1872; security loans by N#Y. Savings banks,
1873; deposits decline, 1873; A.B.A., 1st Conv., 1875; deposits low, 1877; banks
land-poor, 1877; N.Y. bank deposits, 1891, 1892, decline, 1893; Night and Day Bank
estab., 1906; Trust companies, 1906; Fed. Farm Loan Banks, 1916; 1st Labor Bank,
1920; # of banks in U # S., 1920; branch-banking, 1922; bank acceptances, 1922;
Fed. Intermed. Cr. banks, 1923; chain banking, 1926; Postal savings, 1930; National
Credit Corp., 1931; RFC Act, 1932; anti-hoarding campaign, 1932; RFC loans revealed,
1932; FDIC created, 1933; Emergency Banking Act, 1933; deposit turnover low, 1934;
credit control act, 1935.
a. Jay Cooke; selling govt s e c , 1863 and 1871; underwrites Nor. E a c , 1869;
failure, 1873; death, 1905.
b. J. P. Morgan; settles rate war, 1888; becoming a power, 1894; the steel
trust, 1901; statement, 1908; death, 1913.
BANKING FAILURES
Savings banks, 1871; Bull's Head, 1873; Atlantic Nat f l, 1873; Jay Cooke
* Co., 1873; Union Trust Co., 1873; Bank of Calif., 1875; Bank of New York, 1876;
in Chicago, 1876; N # Y, savings banks, 1876; in Mass., 1878; panic in New Orleans,
1879; Newark and Boston, 1881; Marine Bank, 1884; 2nd Nat f l, 1884; Fidelity
Nat 1 !, 1887; Maverick, 1891; see 1893; Real Estate Trust Co., 1906; Mercantile
N a t U , 1907; Knickerbocker Trust Co., 1907; see 1922, 1924, 1928; in Florida,
1929; Bank of the U.S., 1930; in the mid-West, 1930; in Chicago, 1931; in the
U.S*, 1931; Nevada bank holiday, 1933; National bank holiday, 1933; see 1933, and
1934.
BICYCLES, etc.
1st
see velocipedes, 1869; imported bicycles, 1877; 1st Amer. bicycle, 1878;
club, 1880; good roads convention, 1894; output, see 1891, 1895, and 1899.
BOOKS, NEVSPAPERS, etc.
new Public Ledger building, 1866; "Das Kapital", 1867; Atlanta Constitution founded, 1868; daily newspapers in U # S., 1870; Chicago Daily News, 1st issue,
1875; "Tom Sawyer", 1876; "Progress and Poverty", 1879; Kansas City Star, 1880;
"BenHur", 1880; Ladies Home Journal, 1883; "Das Kapital" Vol. II, 1885; linotype
perfected, 1888; "Looking Backward", 1888; McClurefs magazine, 1905; Upton
Sinclair, 1906; "The Jungle", 1906; "Main Street", 1920; daily newspapers in U.S. $
1920*
CANALS
Earnings, 1862; Erie, 1868; Suez, 1869; Morris-—abandoned, 1889.
CANALS (Panama)
Isthmian Commission switches to Panama site, 1901; U.S •-Colombia Treaty,
1903; excavation begins, 1906; -—opened, 1914•
CATASTROPHES, etc.
Forest fires, 1871; Chicago fire, 1871; "Epizootic" epidemic, 1872;
Brooklyn Theater fire, 1876; Yellow fever, 1878; severe winter, 1881; drouth, 1881;
darkest days, 1881; forest fires, 1881; So. Car* earthquake, 1886; N.Y. carbarn
fire, 1887; the Blizzard, 1888; Johnstown flood, 1889; cholera scare, 1892;
Galveston hurricane, 1900; San Francisco earthquake, 1906; forest fires, 1910;
Ohio Valley floods, 1913; "Flu" epidemic, 1918; Japanese earthquake, 1923; Florida
hurricane, 1926; Miss, valley floods, 1927; drouth, 1934.
COMMODITY PRICES (General)
See 1862, 1864, 1865, 1869, 1873, 1879, 1882, 1897, 1909, 1915, 1920,
1921, 1923, 1929, 1931, 1933, 1935.
COMMODITY PRICES (Miscellaneous)
Copper:
See 1907, 1918, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932.
Printcloths: See 1896.
Rubber:
See 1919, 1922, 1928.
Silk:
See 1920.
Sugar:
See 1920, and 1929.
High cost of living, 1865 and 1913; price fixing, 1918; profiteering,
1919; fair price committees, 1919.
(also see AGRICULTURE)
DISCOVERY, etc.
North Pole discovered, 1909; Dr. Cookfs hoax, 1909; Amundsen at S. Pole,
1910; Byrd encircles N. Pole, 1926; Norge flies over N. Pole, 1926.
EDUCATIONAL
Land Grant Act, 1862; Cornell Univ., 1868; Johns Hopkins, 1876; Public
School expenditures, 1880; Univ. of So. Calif., 1880; Spencerian penmanship, 1881;
Univ. of Chicago, 1890, and 1892; Rhodes scholarships, 1902; centralized schools,
1902; tablets vs. slates, 1904.
ELECTRICAL
(also see UTILITIES)
a* General:
Atlantic Cable, 1866; 1st dynamo, 1867; UfSt-France cable, 1869;
1st
vehicle, 1874; Brush's dynamo, 1875; arc-lamp, 1875j alternating current, 1878i 1st incandescent lamp* 1879; Broadway lighted,
1880; street lighting* 1881; Pearl St. powerhouse, 1881; street
railways, 1883; lighting in railway coach^a* 1883; let regular trip
ELECTRICAL (cone.)
by st. car, 18845 steam turbine invented, 1884; —-welding, 1885;
^--railways, 1887; -—motor in factory, 1893; Insuil in Chicago, 1893;
Niagara turbines, 1894; interurbans, 1895, and 1897;
automobiles,
1899; street cars on Broadway, 1901; kwh output, 1902; Pacific cable,
1903; -—furnaces, 1914; —refrigerators, 1920; photo-electric cell,
1927; television demonstration, 1927; color television, 1929; death
of Thomas Edison, 1931•
b* Telegraph:
1st transcont,, 1861; rates, 1862; -—strike, 1883; U.S.-Brazil
,
1883;
WESTERN UNION: buys competitor, 1866, ownership of lines, 1869, passes
dividend, 1876, offered Bel^s patent, 1876, buys
competitor, 1881, buys rival, 1887, night letters,
1911, A.T.& T., 1913.
c # Telephone:
Invented, 1875; patent for sale, 1876; 1st business---, 1877; let in
Detroit, 1878; 1st exchg. in Phila., 1878; # of exchgs. in U.S.,
1881; A.T.& T f incorp. 1885; 1st underground circuit, 1887; longdistance lines, 1888; NtY.-Chicago service, 1892; # of subscribers in
New York, 1893; independent companies, 1904; anti-trust suit, 1913;
N.Y.-San Francisco service, 1915; death of Mr. Bell, 1922; N.Y.Germany, 1928; # of
in U.S., 1930; teletype service, 1931.
d. Radio (Wireless)
1st signal, 1896; trans-Atlantic, 1907; N.Y.-Chicago, 1909;'U.S.Germany, 1914; KDKA, 1920; 1st loudspeaker, 1921; headphones, 1922;
1st paid advt., 1923; 1st trans-Atlantic broadcast, 1924; pictures
transmitted b y — , 1924; 1st radiophone, 1926; # of radios in U.S.,
1927; # of broadcasting sta. in U.S., 1927; coast-to-coast hook-up,
1928; production record, 1935•
EXPOSITIONS
Philadelphia Centennial, 1876; Columbian, 1892, and 1893; Louisiana
Purchase, 1904; Panama-*Calif#, 1915; Panama-Pacific, 1915; Sesqui-Centennial,
1926; Century of Progress, 1933 and 1934.
FAILURES (Commercial)
See 1861, 1862, 1863, (liabilities) 1873, 1875, 1876, 1878, 1879,. 1884,
1891, 1893, 1899, (liabilities) 1905, 1908, 1915, 1918, 1921, 1922,
1923, 19 32, 1935, section 77-b* 1935.
FAILURES (Miscellaneous)
Textile, 1866; Hoyt & Sprague, 1873; Daniel Drew, 1876; steel, 1883;
Grant and Ward, 1884; H. S. Ives & Co.-, 1887; National Cordage, 1893; inter-urban,
1919; Prince & Whitely, 1930; Fox Theatres, 1930; Mid-West Utilities, 1932.
FASHIONS, VOGUES, etc.
Paper collars, 1876$ buffalo robes, 1882; kerosene lamps, 1884; calico
-7-
FASHIONS, VOGUES, etc* (cone.)
craze, 1885; autograph albums, 1885; congress gaiters, 1885; flannel underwear,
1890; ramie, 189S; hansoms, sulkies, victorias, and phaetons, 1897; moustache cups,
1898; detachable cuffs, 1898; shirtwaists, 1900; goldek-oak furniture, 1901; long
hatpins, 1905; high button shoes, 1906; women's smoking, 1908; knee-high skirts,
1921; King Tut, 1922; crossword puzzles, 1925; smoking at Bryn Mawr, 1925.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Great Britain)
Over end-Gurney failure, 1866; tunnel under Channel, 1869; White Star
line, 1870; crisis, 1875; death of Bagehot, 1877; City of Glasgow Bank failure,
1878; Baring Bros..failure, 1890; So. African bubble, 1893; speculation in gold,
1895; Jameson1 s raid, 1896; Fashoda incident, 1898; Boer War, 1899; panic, 1899;
death of Queen Victoria, 1901; Boer War ends, 1902; (see TOR)*Stevenson rubber
plan, 1922;
returns to gold, 1925; Mr. Norman in U.S,, 1927; war loan listed,
1928; Hatry crash, 1929; depression, 1930;
goes off gold, 1931;
abandons
free trade, 1931; stabilization fund, 1932; Ottawa agreements, 1932; conversion
loan, 1932; war debts, 1932; housing boom, 1932.
Pound sterling quoted: see 1914, 1917, 1920, "1922, 1925, 1926, 1929,
1932, 1933.
Bank of Eng. rate* see 1866, 1906, 1929, 1931, 1932.
Bank of Eng* gold reserve: see 1876,. 1928, 1932, 193&.
Pound sterling unpegged* 1919, and 1932.
Bank of Eng. ratio, 1930; credit exhausted, 1931*
FOREIGN AFFAIRS (France)
Paris Exposition, 1867; Franco-Prussian War, 1870; Treaty of Paris, 1871;
Bank of
cuts rate, 1887; Paris Exposition, 1889; Madagascar, 1895; Fashoda
incident, 1898; auto prod., 1902; franc quoted, 1926; M. Rist comes to U.S., 1927;
franc quoted, 1928;
goes on gold, 1928; M. Laval in U,S., 1931; war debts,
1932; Bank of — - ratio, 1934; -— loses gold, 1935; gold bloc in distress, 1935.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Germany)
Buying U. S* Govt. S e c , 1864; Franco-Prussian War, 1870; Treaty of
Paris, 1871;
goes on gold, 1873; crisis, 1874; Karl Marx, 1883; Krupp steel,
1887; panic, 1899; panic, 1907; see M R ; Republic of Germany, 1918; mark quoted,
1919; inflation, 1921; mark quoted, 1922; Reichsbank rate, 1922; Ruhr occupation,
1923; inflation, 1923; 1st payment under Dawes plan, 1926; Herr Schacht in U.S.,
1927; Young Plan, 1930; German SJjr's, 1930s Nazi gains, 1930; Austro-Ger. Anschluss,
1931; crisis in ---, 1931; anti-reparation feeling, 1931; Reichsbank rate, 1931;
war debts, 1932; Lausanne, 1932; Hitler assumes power, 1933; Reichsbank gold
reserve, 1934.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Misc.)
Mt. Cenis tunnel 1861; Nobel, 1863 and 1867; Suez Canal, 1869; panic in
Austria, 1873; Strousberg failure, 1874; crisis in Russia, 1874; Brazilian
monarchy overthrown, 1889; S. Amer. revolutions, 1891; Australian panic, 1893;
Japan goes on gold, 1897; Russ-Jap War, 1904-5; panic in Egypt, Japan, and Chile,
1907; Chinese Republic founded, 1912; Balkan War, 1912-3; Palace of Peace, 1913;
Republic of Austria founded, 1918; ruble quoted, 1921; Mussolini's 1st cabinet,
1922; U.S.S.Russia, founded, 1923; Belgium returns to gold, 1926; India returns
FOREIGN AFFAIRS (Misc.) cone*
to gold, 1927; Italy returns to gold, 1927; European banks cutting rates, 1927;
Foreign securities sold in U.S., 1927*-8; Japanese "banking moratorium, 1927;
depression in Australia, 1927; international gold standard, 1928; Spain, Argentine,
and Australia go off gold, 1929; revolutions in S. Amer., 1930; Japan goes on
gold, 1930; European banks cutting rates, 1930; Credit-Anstalt, 1931; Hoover
moratorium, 1931; Mexico, Japan, India, Egypt, Colombia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark,
Finland, Canada, and Portugal go off gold, 1931; Ivar Krueger, 1932; Belgium devalues, 1935; Ethiopian conquest, 1935.
FOREIGN RELATIONS of the U.S.
Trent affair, 1861; Atlantic Cable, 1866; Indian trouble, 1867; 1st
Chinese embassy, 1868; U.S.-France cable, 1869; Alabama claims, 1872; Custerfs
massacre, 1876; U.S.-Brazil telegraph, 1883; Statue of Liberty, 1885; Sarnia
tunnel, 1890; Chile war scare, 1892; Venezuelan episode, 1895; Boxer Rebellion,
1900; Boxer indemnity, 1902; Treaty at Portsmouth, 1905; Chinese loans, 1911;
Honduras loan, 1911; Dollar diplomacy, 1911; Canadian reciprocity, 1911; Vera Cruz,
1914; U.S.-Germany radio, 1914$ Villa's raid, 1916; Danish West Indies, 1916;
see "WAR; foreign debt commission, 1922; U.S.-Brit, war debt, 1923; Disarmament
treaty, 1923; 1st trans-Atlantic broadcast, 1924; Dawes plan, 1924; Belgian, Fr.,
and Italian war debts, 1925; Mellon-Berenger agreement, 1926; War*debt commission
dissolved, 1927; N.Y.-Germany telephone service, 1928; Young plan, 1930; Hoover
moratorium, 1931; war debts, 1932; World Eco. Conf., 1933; Trade Treaties, 1935.
FOREIGN TRADE
Exports: see 1873, 1878, 1882, 1897, 1915, 1923.
Imports: see 1872, 1873, 1889.
Balance of trade: see 1874f 1881, 1887, 1900.
Invisible items, 1900; coffee imports, 1931.
FUELS
(also see" UTILITIES)
Coal:
Molly Maguires, 1876; anthracite prod., 1888; U.M.W. organized, 1890;
miners strike, 1892; Colo. Fuel and Iron, 1892; miners strike, 1894,
1897, 1902, and 1903; price of coal, 1902; strike, 1912; Colo, miners,
1914; wages raised, 1920; Mingo county, 1921; Herrin County, 1922;
Jacksonville agreement, 1924; strike, 1925; Guffey Act, 1935.
Petroleum, etc.
(also see TRUSTS)
Anniv. of 1st well, 1861; price of
1861 and 1863; production, 1863;
price, 1864; 1st pipe line, 1865; 1st tank car, 1865; 1st Russian well,
1869; price, 1872; 1st restriction plan, 1872; % exported, 1877;
Standard Oil Co* incorp., 1878; tidewater pipe line, 1879; speculation
in oil, 1882; Russian competition, 1884; production, 1901; Texas oil
fever, 1901; Texas Corp., 1902; price of gasoline, 1913; price of
1920; Persian — , 1920; gasoline taxes, 1922-3; ethyl gasoline, 1923;
Rumanian
, 1924; Venezuelan
, 1925; Diesel engines, 1934.
IMMIGRATION
See 1877, 1882, 1897, 1907, 1913, 1918, 1921, 1923, 1932*
also: Chinese in Calif., 1861; 1st Chinese exclusion act, 1882; antiChinese outbreaks, 1885; exclusion, 1902; Hindoos in Calif., 1910;
Quota Act, 1921»
INSURANCE
B*of L.E., 1863; 1st paid fire dept*, 1865; accident
, 1865; life
in force, 1870; industrial
, 1880;
scandals, 1905;
in force, 1929,
INVENTIONS, EVENTS (Misc)
Power rock-drill, 1861; nitroglycerin, 1863; nitrous oxide, 1864; rubber
stamps, 1864; sewing machines, 1864 and 1867; Waltham watches, 1865; dynamite,
1867; whip mfg*, 1869; Brooklyn bridge, 1870-1883* anti-septic surgery, 1870;
cloth-cutting machines, 1872; Yellowstone Nat!l Park, 1872; 1st typewriter, 1873;
Eads* steel bridge, 1874; Corliss engine, 1876; Washingtonfs monument, 1884; cash
register, 1885; compressed air, 1891; carborundum, 1891; smokeless powder, 1891;
argon and helium discovered, 1894; X-Rays discovered, 1896; radium, 1898; rayon,
1923; cellophane, 1924; Holland tunnel, 1927.
IRON & STEEL (General)
1st Bessemer steel, 1864; 1st steel rail, 1664; A«I»& S. Association
formed, 1864; production* 1865; 1st wire rod mill, 1869; 1st steel foundry, 1671;
blast furnaces built, 1872; iron rail prod*, 1872; Beth, steel, 1873; Eads* steel
bridge, 1874; A#A.of I.& S. workers formed, 1876; blast furnaces, 1882; strike,
1882; protection, 1883; 1st basic steel, 1884; 1st steel beams, 1884; Term* and
Ala*, 1887; Krupp steel, 1887; Bessemer prod,, 1887; Navy contracts, 1887; 20"
beams, 1888; Andrew Carnegie, 1888; pig iron prod., 1889; wages, 1891; Colo. Fuel
and Iron, 1892; Homestead riots, 1892; iron prod,, 1894; pig iron prod*, 1895;
protection, 1897; Am* Steel & Wire formed, 1897; Carnegie Steel Co*, 1900;
Bethlehem Steel Corp., 1904; Lake Superior iron ore, 1904; vanadium steel, 1907;
pig iron prod*, 1909; A.I.& S# Institute formed, 1910; pig iron prod., 1915; price
fixed, 1917; death of Carnegie, 1919; freight car orders, 1922; "Pittsburgh plus",
1924; auto industry, 1928; public works, 1930.
Price of Iron: see 1867, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1879, 1880, 1915, 1920,
IRON and STEEL (U. S. Steel Corp.)
Launched, 1901; profit sharing, 1903; dividend, 1906; Gary, Ind., 1906;
dividend increased, 1910; old-age pensions, 1911; anti-trust suit, 1911; "not a
trust", 1920; unfilledtonnnage, 1920; 8-hr, day, 1923; # of employees, 1923;
stock goes over par, 1924; stock dividend, 1927; death of Judge Gary, 1927; earnings, 1930; stock goes below par, 1931; cuts dividend, 1931 and 1932; passes
dividend, 1932.
es: cut, 1903, 1921, 1931.
raised, 1910, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1922, 1923.
-10-
LABOR (General)
1st -— paper, 1863; B« of L. E., 1863; cigar-makers union, 1864; nDas
Kapital , 1867; eight-hour day, 1868; Knights of Labor, 1869; Molly Maguires, 1876;
A. A« of I« & Si workers formed, 1876; Dennis Kearney, 1877; A. F. of L. formed,
1881; Wallace Act, 1883; Bureau of Labor created, 1884; Knights of Labor, 1886;
Labor Day, 1887 and 1894; U.M.W. organized, 1890; Sherman anti-trust law, 1894;
Danbury hatters, 1902 and 1908; U« S. Dept* of Commerce and Labor created,. 1903;
profit-sharing, 1903; state eight-hour day laws, 1905; I.W.W., 1905; old-age
pensions, 1911; U. S. Dept, of Labor created, 1913; I.W.W., 1914 and 1919; Daribury
hatters, 1915; Adamson law, 1916; negro migrations, 1917; anti-loafing laws, 1918;
child-labor, 1918 and 1922; Communists, 1919; 1st labor bank, 1920; American plan,
1922; eight-hour day, 1923; Jacksonville agreement, 1924; A. F. of L., 1924;
Gompers1 death, 1924; 40-hour week, 1926; the new South, 1929; 1st unemployment
insurance law, 1932; NRA, 1933; Wagner Act, 1935; Social Security Act, 1935.
11
LABOR (Strikes)
Bricklayers, 1868; in New York, 1872; cotton mill, 1875; railroad, 1877;
iron v/orkers, 1882; telegraph operators, 1883; coal, 1884; MOP, MKT, and coal,
1886; Anarchist riots, 1886; C. B. & Q», 1888; Homestead riots, 1892; switchmen1 s
and miners, 1892; Pullman, 1894; miners, 1894; coal, 1897; miners, 1902; coal,
1903; teamsters, 1905; many
1911; anthracite, 1912; many
, 1913; Colorado
miners, 1914; many
, 1919; Seattle, Boston police, Gary, and miners, 1919;
many
, 1921; Mingo county, 1921; Herrin County, 1922; railroad shopmen, 1922;
bricklayers, 1923 and 1926; anthracite, 1925; farmers, 1932.
LABOR (Wages)
Declining, 1875; .bookkeepers1, 1891; rising, 1895 and 1899; cut, 1903
and 1904? rising, 1905, 1907 and 1910; Ford's minimum, 1914; railroad, 1914;
U# S« Steel, 1916, 1917 and 1918; railroad, 1918; Ford's minimum, 1919; many cuts,
1921; U..S. Steel, 1921; railroads cut, 1920, 1922, and 1923; bookkeepers1, 1925;
carpenters1, 1925.
LABOR (Unemployment, unrest, etc.)
Unemployed march in Chgo., 1873; unemployment in 1874 and 1877; breadlines in N.Y., 1875; Coxeyfs army, 1894; breadlines, 1908; Hoover's unemployment
Conf., 1921; # of unemployed, 1921; Coxey elected mayor, 1931; man-a-block, 1932;
unemployment insurance, 1932; # of unemployed, 1933; Key West, 1933; CVffi., 1933;
PWA, 1933; Work-relief Act, 1935; WPA, 1935; Townsend plan, 1935; N a t U Union for
Soc. Justice, 1935.
MERCHANDISING
1st department store, 1861; A. T. Stewart, 1861; Marshall Field & Co.,
1865; instalment sales, 1868; Montgonery Ward, 1872; death of Mr. Stewart, 1876;
Yfoolworth's 5 and 10, 1879; Sears, Roebuck, 1896; wooden Indians, 1897; Sears1
catalog, 1900; instalment selling, 1916 and 1922; cellophane, 1924; 1st air cooled
dept. store, 1926.
-11-
MONETARY --GOLD
General:
Gold mkb. estab#, 1862; Calif, shipments, 1866; Black Friday, 1869;
gold contracts, 1869; gold market disbands, 1871; disc* in Black Hills,
1874; Specie Resumption Act, 1875; European banks acquiring, 1875;
specie payments begin, 1879; gold in N. Y. banks, 1879; production, 1881;
discovered in the Rand, 1885; Rand prod,, 1887; cyanide process, 1890;
gold clauses, 1891; disc, in Klondyke.. 1896; So* African prod*, 1899;
Gold standard, 1899 and 1900; Transvaal prod a, 1905; U. S. prod*, 1915;
embargo lifted, 1919; Thomas amendment, 1933; gold clauses, 1933;
Revaluation Act, 1934; gold clauses void, 1935; gold suits banned, 1935*
Price of gold:
See 1863, 1863, 1864, 1865, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1878, 1933, 1934.
U. S« gold stocks:
See 1875, 1885, 1914, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1931,
1932, 1935,
Exports:
See 1866, 1882, 1884, 1886, 1891, 1892, 1894, 1917, 1919, 1925, 1927,
1928, 1931, 1932.
Imports:
See 1879, 1880, 1881, 1886, 1891, 1896, 1897, 1920, 1921, 1926, 1928,
1932, 1933, 1934, 1935*
U. S. Treasury gold reserve:
See 1879, 1885, 1889, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1898, 1900.
Gold certificates:
See 1864, 1913, 1917, 1922, 1925, 1930, 1931.
MONETARY- SILVER
Comstock tunnel, 1865 and 1869; "Crime of ! 73", 1873; Comstock lode,
1873; Germany starts selling, 1873; soft money party turns to, 1875; more coinage
authorized, 1876; Bland Silver Purch. Act, 1878; $ and certs, boycotted, 1878;
discrimination against, 1882; U. S. stocks, 1885; smaller denom. authorized, 1886;
question ignored, 1888; Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890; Treasury purchases,
1890, 1892 and 1897; Brussels Conf., 1892; World's Pair, 1892; sterling bankers,
1892; Act repealed, 1893; India drops, 1893; U. S» stocks, 1894; seigniorage,
1894; free silver loses, 1896; commission to Europe, 1897; Pittman Act, 1918;
silver purchase plan, 1933; Silver Purchase Act, 1934; London price pegged, 1934;
China goes off, 1935.
Production:
See 1873, 1875, 1881, 1915, 1933.
Price of Silver:
See 1874, 1875, 1889, 1890, 1892, 1893, 1897, 1898, 1902, 1919, 1930,
1934, 1935.
Free coinage bills:
See 1876; 1886, 1890, 1891, 1892.
-12-
MONETARY--LEGAL TENDERS (Greenbacks)
Specie payments suspended, 1861; Legal tender Act, 1862; 111. Sup. Ct.
rules against, 1863? N. Y. Sup. Ct. rules against, 1863; retirement of, 1865 and
1866; contraction forbidden, 1868; Bronson vs. Rhodes, 1869; Hepburn vs. Griswold,
1870; Knox vs. Lee, 1871; reissued, 1873; expansion legalized, 1874; specie
resumption Act, 1875; sound money party wins, 1875; attempts at repeal of resumption, 1876; retirement, 1876; 1st step toward resumption, 1877; further cahcellation forbidden, 1878,
Paper dollar quoted:
See 1863, 1864, 1867, 1868.
MONETARY—Misc.
Office of Comptroller of the Currency created, 1863; "In God We Trust",
1864; 1st Lincoln penny, 1909.
Money in circulation: aee 1879 and 1881*
MONEY MARKET
(also see R. R. Finance)
AAA bonds in great demand, 1875; "Undigested Securities", 1903; Pujo
committee, 1912; I B A formed, 1912; security loans, 1925; foreign issues sold in
TJ. S., 1927-8; foreign bonds declining, 1930; bond pool, 1932; bond trading at
12-yr. high, 1934; college etc-., endowments, 1954.
Brokers Loans: see 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931.
Call Loans: see 1864, 1885, 1893.
Call Money: see 1905, 1929, 1932, 1935.
Interest Rates: see 1871, 1924, 192.8, 1929.
NEW CORPORATIONS or BUSINESSES FOUNDED
RAIL BOND YIELDS, etc.:
see 1874, 1899, 1920,
1927, 1929, 1931,
and 1932.
(also see TRUSTS, BAILROADS, and UTILITIES)
Standard Oil of Ohio, 1870; Westinghouse E l e c , 1872; Homestake Mining
Co., 1877; N. Y* Steam Corp., 1882; United Gas Improvement, 1882; Pittsburgh Plate
Glass, 1883; Consolidated Gas, 1884; A. T. & T., 1885; Aluminum Co., 1888; Amer.
Sugar Refining, 1891; National Lead, 1891; General Electric, 1892; Colo. Fuel &
Iron, 1892; Brooklyn Union Gas, 1895; Amer. Steel & Wire, 1897; Packard, 1900;
U. S. Steel, 1901; Internat'l Merc. Marine, 1902; Texas Corp., 1902; Beth. Steel
Corp., 1904; Reo, 1904; Elec. Bond and Share, 1905; Gen. Motors, 1908; Hudson
Motor, 1909.
ORGANIZATIONS
National Academy of Sciences, 1863; Ku Klux Klan, 1865; G.A.R., 1866;
death of Brigham Young, 1877; Populist party, 1890; Boy Scouts, 1910; American
Legion, 1919; Ku Klux Klan, 1920; "Technocracy", 1932.
Temperance movement: noted by brewers, 1867; Nat ! l Prohibition party,
1869; Kansas adopts prohibition, 1881; state prohibition laws, 1915; XVIII amend
ment submitted, 1917; War-time prohibition Act, 1918; XVIII amendment ratified,
1919; effective, 1920; XXI amendment ratified, 1933.
-13-
POLITICAL--Names and Events
Jefferson Davis inaugurated, 1861•
Secretary Chase and the banks, 1861.
Abraham Lincoln inaugurated, 1861; Gettysburg address, 1865; renom., 1864;
death of, 1865•
Geo. B. McClellan nominated, 1864.
Copperheads, 1864*
Andrew Johnson takes office, 1865; impeachment proceedings, 1868*
Reconstruction Act, 1867#
Horatio Seymour nominated, 1668.
Ulysses S. Grant*nominated, 1868 and 1872; death of, 1885.
Women's suffrage, 1869.
The Tweed Ring, 1871.
Calvin Coolidge born, 1872; takes oath, 1923; nominated, 1924; 3rd term, 1927;
death of, 1933.
Horace Greeley nominated, 1872; death of, 1872.
Salary Grab Act, 1873.
Herbert Hoover born, 1874; unemployment conference, 1921; nominated, 1928 and
1932.
Greenback Party Convention, 1875; 15 elected, 1878; Weaver nom., 1880; sound
money vs. soft money parties, 1875.
R. B. Hayes nominated, 1876.
Samuel B. Tilden nominated, 1876.
Presidential deadlock, 1877.
Winfield S, Hancock nominated, 1880.
James A. Garfield nominated, 1880; death of, 1881.
Maine goes Democratic, 1880.
Franklin D. Roosevelt born, 1882; nominated (v.p.), 1920; nominated, 1932.
Rivers and Harbors Act, 1882.
Civil Service Act, 1883•
James G. Blaine nominated, 1884.
Grover Cleveland nominated, 1884, 1888 and 1892; death of, 1908.
"Mugwumps", 1884.
"Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion", 1884.
Robert LaPollette elected to Congress, 1884; breaks with Taft, 1911; death
of, 1925.
Presidential Succession Act, 1886.
Benjamin Harrison nominated, 1888 and 1892.
Congress-longest session to date, 1888.
Secretary Windom's plan, 1889.
Populist Party founded, 1890; carries 4 states, 1892; nominates Bryan, 1896.
Australian ballot, 1890.
William J. Bryan elected to Congress, 1890; nominated, 1896, 1900 and 1908;
resigns from State Dept., 1915; death of, 1925.
Congress, 1st billion-dollar, 1892.
"Sugar Ring", 1894.
William McKinley nominated, 1896 and 1900; death of, 1901.
Straw votes, 1896.
"Czar" Reed, 1897.
Silver Republicans, 1900,
Anti-Imperialists, 1900.
Direct Primaries, 1900.
"Pull Dinner Pail" campaign, 1900.
Seth Low vs. Tammany, 1901.
-14-
POLITICAL--Names and Events (cone.)
Theodore Roosevelt—message to Congress, 1901; nominated, 1904 and 1912;
death of, 1919.
Alton B. Parker nominated, 1904.
Eugene V. Debs nominated, 1904.
"Muck-rakers", 1905.
Longworth-Roosevelt nuptuals, 1906.
Pure Food and Drugs Act, 1906.
Prosperity Leagues, 1908.
William H# Taft nominated, 1908 and 1912; death of, 1930.
Rift in Republican Party, 1910.
Pinchot-Ballinger controversy, 1910*
Progressive Party, 1911 and 1912.
XVTIth amendment, 1913.
Woodrow Wilson nominated, 1912 and 1916; collapses, 1919; death of, 1924«
Charles E. Hughes nominated, 1916.
XJXth amendnent submitted, 1919; ratified, 1920.
James M. Cox nominated, 1920.
Warren G. Harding nominated, 1920; death of, 1923.
"Progressives" hold balance of power, 1922.
John W. Davis nominated, 1924.
Federal salaries upped, 1925.
Alfred E* Smith nominated, 1928.
The last lame duck session, 1934.
Louisiana under "dictatorship11, 1934.
POLITICAL—-Amendments to the Constitution
XlVth ratified, 1868.
XVth ratified, 1870.
XVIth submitted, 1909; ratified, 1913.
XVIIth effective, 1913.
XVIIIth submitted, 1917; ratified, 1919; effective, 1920,
XlXth submitted, 1919; ratified, 1920.
XXth submitted, 1932; ratified, 1933.
XXIst submitted and ratified, 1933.
POLITICAL—Supreme Court Decisions
Bronson vs. Rhodes, 1869.
Hepburn vs, Griswold, 1870.
Knox vs, Lee, 1871.
Pacific Railroads, 1875Wilson Income Tax, 1895.
Sugar Trust, 1895•
Trans. Mo. Frgt. Ass f n., 1897*
Addyston Pipe, 1899.
Louisiana Lottery, 1903.
Northern Securities, 1904.
Daribury Hatters, 1908.
Selden Patent, 1911.
Danbury Hatters, 1915.
Child Labor, 1918.
O'Fallon, 1929.
Gold Clauses, 1935.
Nat f l Recovery Act, 1935.
POLITICAL—States admitted
Kansas, 1861
West Virginia, 1863
Nevada, 1864
Nebraska, 1867
Colorado, 1876
N. Dakota, 1889
S. Dakota, 1889
Montana, 1889
Washington, 1889
Idaho, 1890
Wyoming, 1890
Utah, 1896
Oklahoma, 1907
New Mexico, 1912
Arizona, 1912
POLITICAL—Pensions, Bonus, etc.
Last Revolutionary War, 1867; Pensions raised, 1873, 1879, and 1882;
vetoed, 1886 and 1887; raised, 1887 and 1890; # on pension rolls, 1902; War Risk
Insurance Act, 1917; American Legion, 1919; a bonus vetoed, 1922; pensions at
all-time high, 1923; bonus veto over-ridden, 1924 and 1931; Bonus "Arniy", 1932;
bonus vetoed, 1935*
FOLITICAL—Frauds, etc*
Credit Mobilier, 1872; Whiskey Ring, 1875; Star Route, 1881, Post-Office,
1903; Land Office, 1903; Land, 1908; Teapot Dome, 1922-4.
POPULATION
See 1870, 1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930.
Of Alaska, 1880; urban vs. rural, 1921.
RAILROADS —Plant and equipment
Miss R. blockade, 1861; Central Pacific chartered, 1861; Union Pacific
chartered, 1862; Homestead Act, 1862; 1st mail car, 1862; Northern Pacific
chartered, 1864; 1st steel rail, 1864; foreign locomotive orders, 1864; Chicago
trains, 1864; Southern Pacific chartered, 1865; 1st tank cars, 1865; Atlantic &
Pacific chartered, 1866; 111. Central longest in U. S # , 1866; Vanderbilt president
on N Y C, 1867; Pullman Co. organized, 1867; Credit Mobilier contract, 1867; 1st
train into Cheyenne, 1867; U. S. locomotives at Paris, 1867; 1st into Nevada, 1867;
"the Battle of the Giants", 1868; Chesapeake & Ohio organized, 1868; airbrakes
introduced, 1868; 1st dining car, 1868; "Golden Spike", 1869; Penna. and N Y C
connections at Chgo., 1869; N. Y. to 'Frisco travelling time, 1869; Land-grant
lobbies, 1869; Northern Pacific construction begins, 1870; 1st through car, 1870;
1st R.R. pool, 1870; Texas & Pacific 1871; Grand Central depot, 1871; 111. Railroad Act, 1871; Credit Mobilier exposure, 1872; locomotives by Baldwin, 1872 and
1874; rail production, 1872; 1st in Japan, 1872; passenger car heating, 1872; low
bridges forbidden, 1872; N.Y., N.H. & H. org., 1872; B. & 0. starts work on Chgo.
line, 1873; Nor. Bac. construe, stops, 1873; Hoosac tunnel completed, 1873; 1st
Jesse James robbery, 1873; Potter R.R. law, 1874; B. & 0. reaches Chicago, 1874;
fast mail trains, 1875; 1st refrigerator car, 1875; death of Cornelius Vanderbilt,
1877; competition btw. St. Louis and Atlanta, 1877; Nor. Pac. construe, resumed,
1879; consolidations, etc., 1880; Nor. Pac. reaches Mont, territory, 1880; oranges
shipped, 1880; severe winter, 1881j Jesse James killed, 1882; Sou. Pac. completed,
1882; Denver & Rio G. opened, 1883; Nor. Pac. opened, 1883; At. & Pac. opened,
1883; coach lighting by elec., 1883; West Shore being built, 1883; Standard time,
1883; nicknames for securities, 1883; W, & L, E. under construe, 1884; 1st
Mexico-Chgo., 1885; Canadian P&c. opened, 1885; Anarchist riots, 1886; Interstate
Commerce Commission created, 1887; standard gauge now prevalent, 1888; stoveheated coaches forbidden, 1889; seed wheat distributed, 1889; 1st engineer dies.,
-16-
RAILROADS—Plant and equipment (cone.)
1890; 1st Empire State Express, 1891$ Great Northern comply, 1893; Empire State
speed record, 1893; Pullman strike, 1894; more speed records, 1895; cost of steel
rails, 1897; weight of freight cars, 1900; "XXth Century" and the "Penna Special",
1902; Hudson River tunnel franchise, 1902; speed records, 1903; last trunk line
author*, 1905; 1st all-steel coaches, 1906; Hudson R. tunnel opened, 1908; Key West
R.R.,1908; C. M. & St* P. completed, 1909; U. S. takes over railroads, 1917;
returned to owners, 1920; Diesel trains, 1934; air-conditioned trains, 1935•
RAILROADS --Finance, Income, Earnings, etc.
Big earnings, 1862; Erie stock watering, 1868; NYC stock div., 1868;
commodity price decline, 1869; watered stock, 1869; Rock Island stock issue, 1869;
Jay Cooke and the Nor. P a c , 1869; 1st "holding" company, 1870; Franco-Prussian
War, 1870; P&*. R.R. richest corp. in U. S., 1871; rail bond yields, 1871; Jay
Gould and the Erie, 1872; trunk line dividends, 1873; rail bond prices, 1874; bonds
in default, 1874; Lake Shore passes div., 1874; Wabash and Erie defaults, 1875;
Nor. Pac. reorganized, 1875; Pacific railroads1 decision, 1875; no new capital,
1875; rate war, 1876; MOP defaults, 1876; 111. Cent, cuts div., 1876; D. & L. W.
passes div., 1876; Centennial exposition, 1876; foreclosures, 1877; consolidated
mortgages, 1877; guaranteed mortgages, 1877; stocks very low, 1877; competition,
1877; Long Is. R.R. defaults, 1877; land sales, 1878; U. P. passes div., 1878;
Phila. & Reading issues notes, 1878; earning power revives, 1879; St. Paul resumes
div., 1879; bond sales in Europe, 1880; rail stocks at new highs, 1880; D. & L. W.
resumes div., 1880; L. & N. stock dividend, 1880; consolidations, etc., 1880;
Gould*s control, 1880; ownership, 1880; stocks at peak, 1881; earnings'statements
now published, 1881; # of NYC stockholders, 1881; rate wars, 1883; Phila. & Read.,
reorg., 1883; defaults, 1884; W. & L* E* defaults, 1884; many defaults, 1884;
Pa# R.R. earnings, 1884; NKP defaults, 1885; stocks low, 1885; trunk line agreement 1885; London & Paris capital, 1887; C & 0 defaults, 1887; rate wars, 1888;
C.B.& Q. cuts div., 1888J MET defaults, 1888; St# Paul passes div., 1888; Johnstown Flood, .1889; Phila. & Read. comb, formed, 1892; Phila. & Read, defaults,
1893; foreign holdings, 1893; many foreclosures, 1893; Erie, Nor. P a c , U.P., and
Atchison default, 1893; many in receivership, 1894; Norfolk & Western defaults,
1895; B. & 0. passes div., 1898; B« & 0. defaults, 1896; Norf. & West., Atchison,
Erie, Nor. P & c , and Phila. & Read, reorg., 1896; refunding, 1897; bond prices at
all-time high, 1899; ownership of mileage, 1900; U. P. buys So. P a c , 1901; Nor.
Pacific corner, 1901; Northern Securities Corp., 1901; Harriman vs. Hill-Morgan,
1901; new rail securities, 1902; Nor. Sec. suit filed, 1902; smokeless rebates,
1903; adverse decision, 1903; Nor. Securities decision, 1904; death of Jay Cooke,
1905; Harriman buying, 1906; U. P# and So. Pac. boost div#, 1906; Pa. R.R. raises
div., 1906; insolvencies, 1908; U. P. and So. F k c must dissolve, 1912; N.Y., N.H.
& H. passes div., 1913; freight rates raised, 1914 and 1918; freight and passenger
rates raised, 1920; bonds at 45 yr. low, 1920; freight car orders, 1922; passenger
revenue decline begins, 1923; Vans 1 propose merger, 1924; St, Paul defaults, 1925;
bond prices high, 1927; N.Y., N.H.,& H# resumes div., 1928; NYC stock high, 1928;
Atchison raises div., 1928; few defaults, 1928; Alleghany Corp. formed, 1929;
rail bonds low, 1929; Seaboard Airline defaults, 1930; Pa. R.R. cuts div., 1931;
NYC passes div., 1931; Wabash defaults, 1931; rail bonds high and decline, 1931;
rail bonds low, 1932; RFC estab., 1932.
-17-
RAILROADS—Regulation
See 1870,* 111. R.R. Act, 1871; Potter R.R, law# 1874* adverse decision,
1874; ICC, 1887; 1st meeting of ICC, 1889; pooling illegal, 1897; Elkins Act,- ISOSj
a Hepburn bill, 1905; Hepburn Act, 1906; fines, e t c , 1907a MannrElkins Act, 1910*
freight rate cuts ordered, 1910; Escji-Cummins Act, 1920; Vans1 merger denied, 1926;
0Gallon decision, 1929; Rail Pension Act, 1935 •
RAILROADS—Wages, strikes, etc.
See wages, 1861; B. of L.E. formed, 1863; strikes, 1877; II.P. cuts wages,
1884; strikes, 1886; C B . & Q. strike, 1888; wages on NYC, 1890; switchmen's strike,
1892; Pullman strike, 1894; Sherman anti-trust law, 1894; wages high, 1914;
Adamsbn Act, 1916; wages raised, 1918, 1919 and 1920; wages cut 1921 and 1922;
shopmen's strike, 1922; pension act, 1935.
RAILROADS —Mileage (total in U.S.)
See 1865, 1871, 1873, 1880, 1916, 1932.
RAILROADS—New construction
See 1867, 1869, 1871, 1875, 1876, 1879, 1880, 1882, 1885, 1887, 1892,
1894, 1895, 1906, 1914.
REAL ESTATE, BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, etc.
Homestead Act, 1862; Land Grant Act, 1862; land-grand lobbies, 1869;
non-automatic sprinklers, 1869; house rent decline, 1869; sand-blasting, 1870;
construction off, 1872; 1st land office in Manitoba, 1873; banks land-poor, 1877;
public-land sales, 1878; Florida booming, 1883; public-land sales, 1886; "unearned
increment", 1886; iron skeleton 1st used, 1886; the Rookery, 1887; Western townlots, 1887; damages from the "El", 1888; Oklahoma opened, 1889; market active,
1890; skyscrapers, 1890; Cherokee strip, 1893; radiator trust, 1899; bath-rooms,
1900; new acreage in S. Dak., 1904; #1 Wall St., 1905; The Traymore, 1906; cor.
Wall & Nassau, 1909; Building and Loan Associations, 1911; Woolworth Bldg., 1913;
Fed. Farm Loan Banks, 1916; revival, 1919; farm lands, 1920; industry flourishing,
1921; "fair-rent" legislation, 1921; bricklayers1 strike, 1923 and 1926; carpenters'
wages, 1925; speculation, 1925; air-cooling, 1926; activity declining, 1927; public
works, 1930; Empire State Bldg#, 1931; Home Loan Act, 1932; HOLC set up, 1933;
Apartment house construction, 1933"; slum elimination, 1934; signs of lifer 1935;
office space in Wash., D » C , 1935«
SHIPPING, OCEAN TRAVEL, etc.
White Star line, 1870; S.S.Oceanic,. 1870; Beth. Steel-Navy contract,
1887; U.S.Navy now 5th in world, 1893; U.S.Shipbldg, Corp., 1903; S.S.Kaiser
Wilhelm, 1903; S.S.Lusitania, 1907; S.S.Imperator, 1912; S.S.Titanic, 1912;
S.S.Vaterland, 1914; S.S.Leviathan, 1914; U.S.Shipping Board, 1916; Shipping board
sells last ships, 1929; S.S.Normandie, 1935.
SPECULATION, Etc»
New York Stock Exchange;
Misc.: Govt. Sec. listed, 1867; market closed, 1873; reduces commissions,
1877; Saturday noon closing, 1887; stock clearing system, 1892; Saturday
-18-
SPECULATION, etc. (cone.)
closing, 1928; market closed, 1914 and 1933.
Cost of seats: see 1870, 1877, 1879, 1881, 1885, 1929 and 1934.
Volume of trading: see 1866, 1879, 1880, (1st million sh. day) 1886,
1888, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1900, 1901, 1916, 1919, 1929 and 1934.
Miscellaneous:
Daniel Drew, 1868; Black Friday, 1869; 1st holding company, 1870; copper
corner, 1872; R.R. stocks low, 1877; Florida boom, 1883; wheat and
coffee corners, 1887; Western town lots, 1887; French copper syndicate,
1889; Black Wednesday, 1893; Leiter wheat corner, 1898; Standard Oil
dividend, 1900; Northern Pacific corner, 1901; rich man!s panic, 1903;
land prices, 1905; U. S. Steel dividend, 1906; margin trading, 1910;
futures contracts, 1912; non-essential security issues, 1918; new
security issues, 1919; "X" goes over par, 1924; land speculation, 1925;
Pub. Util. holding companies, 1926; ticker late, 1928; new securities
issued, 1929; board rooms on ocean liners, 1929; "X" goes below par,
1931; "truth in securities" Act, 1933.
SPORTS
Curve-ball pitching, 1869; Maud S., 1885; 1st Internat'l yacht races,
1885; golf introd., 1888; football, 1889; Dan Patch, 1903; Cy Young, 1904; 1st
golf-playing President, 1908; Merklels boner, 1908; Jim Thorp, 1912; a big business, 1922; Bobby Jones, 1924; Red Grange, 1925*
STATES and CITIES
Alabama:
steel production, 1887; ratifies XVIth Amendment, 1909*
California: Chinese in, 1861; gold shipments, 1866; Golden Spike, 1869; Bank of
-— fails, 1875; Dennis Kearney, 1877; So. Pac. completed, 1882; Fruit
growers1 exchange, 1893 and 1907; Holt's tractor, 1903; Hindoos in
,
1910; two expositions, 1915• (also see San Francisco)
Colorado: population of Denver, 1861; admitted, 1876*
Connecticut:
speed law, 1901.
Delaware: state debt, 1864*
Florida: Key West R.R., 1908.
Indiana:
repudiates canal debt, 1873; Gary, 1906*
Iowa:
Anti-monopoly Convention, 1873; Grange harvesters, 1874; cigarettes
legalized, 1921.
Kansas:
admitted, 1861; R.R. mileage in, 1865; adopts prohibition, 1881; price
of coal vs. corn, 1889; 1st antitrust convention, 1889; silk culture,
1889; Populist Party formed, 1890; Mary E. Lease, 1890.
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STATES and CITIES (cont.)
Louisiana:
Sulphur deposits, 1868; two governors, 1873; lottery, 1903; under
dictatorship, 1934.
Maine:
goes Democratic, 1880; inheritance tax law, 1893*
Michigan:
1st horseless carriage, 1885*
Minnesota:
Convention at Mpls., 1892; arrest for speeding, 1902; forest fires,
1910*
Missouri:
Eads1 bridge, 1874; Kans. City Star founded, 1880; Cleveland nominated
at St# Louis, 1884 and 1888; McKinley nominated at St. Louis, 1896;
Bryan nominated at Kans. City, 1900; Louisiana Purchase Expo., 1904*
Montana:
Northern Pac. reaches, 1880; Anaconda mine opened, 1881; Northern
Pac. opened, 1883; admitted, 1889; Great Northern completed, 1893.
Nevada:
admitted, 1864; 1st loco, enters, 1867; borrows © 15$, 1867.
New Jersey:
Paterson becomes silk center, 1871; smokeless powder, 1891; good roads
conv., 1894, (see TRUSTS).
(also see Detroit)*
New Mexico: Archives sold, 1870; admitted, 1912.
N. Dakota:
Nor. Pac. construe• stops, 1873; admitted, 1889; wheat production,
1890.
Oklahoma:
Opened, 1889; Cherokee strip, 1893; population of Tulsa, 1900;
admitted, 1907.
Oregon:
National bank, 1st in, 1865•
Rhode Is.:
Debtors1 prison, 1870; Australian ballot, 1890.
S. Dakota:
1st bank in, 1869; gold discovered, 1874; Homestake Mining, 1877;
admitted, 1889; wheat prod., 1890; new acreage, 1904.
Tennessee:
repudiates state debt, 1879; steel prod, in, 1887; "monkey trial",
1925.
Texas:
Rain-making experiments, 1891; boll weevil, 1892; Oil fever, 1901.
Utah:
Golden Spike, 1869; death of Brigham Young, 1877; admitted, 1896.
Virginia:
makes final settlement for Civil War bonds, 1892.
Washington: admitted, 1889; municipal street railway, 1904.
W. Virginia: loyal, 1861; admitted, 1863; rural free delivery, 1896.
Wisconsin:
Potter R.R. law, 1874; Racine farm wagons, 1880; LaPollette elected,
1884; income tax law, 1911.
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STATES and CITIES (cone)
%oming:
Chicago:
1st train into, 1867; women's suffrage, 1869; Yellowstone National
Park, 1872; anti-Chinese outbreaks, 18855 admitted, 1890.
Train service, 1864; stockyards, 1865; waterworks tunnel, 1866; rail
connections, 1869; population, 1870; the "Great Fire", 1871;
Montgomery Ward, 1872; unemployment, 1873; Palmer House, 1873; B« & 0*
reaches, 1874; Daily News, 1st issue, 1875; bank failures, 1876;
Blaine nominated, 1884; 1st train from Mexico, 1884; largest grain
market, 1884; Anarchist riots, 1886; the "Rookery", 1887; Harrison
nominated, 1888; Cleveland renominated, 1892; World's Fair argument,
1892; 1st "EL" in, 1892; N#Y.-Chicago telephone service, 1892; Univ*
of — - opened, 1892; Columbian Exposition, 1893; Samuel Insull, 1393;
Pullman strike, 1894; Duryea's race, 1895; Bryan nominated, 1896;
.Sears Roebuck estab., 1896; teamsters strike, 1905; Taft nominated,
1912; N#Y*-Chicago air mail, 1918; Harding nominated, 1920; Century
of Progress, 1933-4•
Cleveland:
Population, 1870;.1st electric street car, 1884; three-cent fare,
1907; Coolidge nominated, 1924•
Detroit:
1st street cars in, 1863; population, 1870; 1st telephone exchange in,
1878; concrete road, 1905; Highland Park, 1907; Detroit-Chicago air
freight, 1925.
New York:
Daily mail delivery, 1861; paid fire departnent, 1865; Ninth Ave. "El",
1866; subway proposed, 1868; travelling time, to San Francisco, 1869;
1st through car, 1870; population, 1870; 30 traction co*s., 1870;
Grand Central, 1871; the "Tweed Ring", 1871; two "El" co f s organized,
1872; bread lines, 1875; 1st "El", 1878; Pearl St. powerhouse, 1881;
N. Y . Steam Corp., 1882; "El" fare, 1884; Consolidated Gas formed,
1884; Statue of Liberty, 1885; Henry George, near-mayor, 1886; carbarn fire, 1887; death of Mr. Astor, 1890; Empire State Express, 1891;
New York-Chicago telephone service, 1892; 9,000 telephone subscribers,
1893$ municipal rapid transit, 1894; 2nd world city, 1898; 1st auto
stable, 1899; 100 taxis, 1899; 1st subway, 1900; 1st auto show, 1900;
Seth Low, 1901; Floradora sextet, 1901; oable cars replaced, 1901;
XXth Century, 1902; S.S .Kaiser Wilhelm, 1903; price of land, 1905 and
1909; 1st double-decked bus, 1906; S.S.Lusitania, 1907; women's
smoking, 1908; 1st Hudson River tunnel opened, 1908; round trip
flight, 1910; Woolworth Bldg«, 1913; N.Y.-San Francisco telephone,
1915; N.Y.-Washington air mail, 1918 and 1925; talkies, 1926; Holland
Tunnel, 1927; Empire State Bldg., 1931; S«S,Normandie, 1935#
Pittsburgh: defaults bond interest, 1878; natural gas introduced, 1884; gets 1st
cable railway, 1888; Andrew Carnegie, 1888.
San Francisco: stock exchange opened, 1862; travelling time from New York, 1869;
1st cable street railv/ay, 1873; panic on stock exchange, 1886; Mooney
and Billings, 1916; Cox nominated, 1920; Bay bridge, 1933.
STREET RAILWAYS
(also see ELECTRICAL)
1st cable street railway, 1863; 1st "El" run, 1878; traction "bosses",
1880; 1st municipal street railway, 1904•
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TARIFFS and DUTIES
Raised 50$, 1864; on wool, 1867; cut, 1872; removed from tea and coffee,
1872;
commission, 1882; "mongrel1* tariff, 1883; sugar gets protection, 1883;
pig iron and iron ore, 1883; Morrison
, 1884 and 1886; Mills
, 1888;
campaign issue, 1888; McKinley
, 1890; reciprocity, 1890 and 1891;
on tinplate, 1891; Wilson
, 1894; "pop-gun" bills, 1894; Dingley
, 1897;
in
campaign, 1908; Payne bill, 1909; Payne-Aldrich —--* 1909; Canadian Reciprocity,
1911; Underwood ~~, 1913; F. W. Taussig, 1916; Emergency -—, 1931; FordneyMcCuiriber
, 1922; Hawley-Smoot
, 1930; Trade Treaties, 1935.
TAXATION
Income tax? 1st, 1861; Commissioner of Internal Revenue created, 1862; —
raised, 1865; — - collections, 1866; —— cut, 1867; # of --« payers,
1870;
abolished, 1872; -— refunds to states, 1891; new —-, 1894;
held unconstitutional, 1895; XVTth Amendment, 1909; 1st state -—, 1911;
1913; raised, 1916; cut, 1924;
publicity, 1924;
records
n e w —- $
published, 1925; —— cut, 1929;
raised, 1932;
raised, 1935.
Miscellaneous: Manufacturers1 tax, 1862; large incomes, 1863 and 1866;
manufacturers1 tax removed, 1868; "Progress and Poverty", 1879; death
of Henry George, 1887; 1st inheritance tax, 1893; Span* Amer* War taxes
removed, 1902; U. S« inheritance tax bill, 1909; corporation income tax,
1909; inheritance tax levied, 1916; War Revenue Act, 1917; excess profits
tax repealed, 1921; corporation income tax raised, 1921; gasoline taxes,
1922; gift and estate taxes raised, 1924; John D. Rockefeller, Jr.Ts
tax, 1925; "chain" taxes, 1929; million $ incomes, 1929, 1931 and 1932;
processing taxes, 1933; higher state taxes, 1934.
TRUSTS
Nat*l Ass'n of Wool Mfgrs., 1865; Std, Oil, 1882; formation of, 1887;
sugar, cordage, distillers1, 1887; anti-trust planks, 1888; lead, rope, and oil,
1888; match, sewerpipe, strawboard, plug tobacco, pottery, and sweet potato, 1889;
1st anti-trust law, 1889; Sherman Anti-trust Law, 1890; rubber, tobacco, smelting,
cheap novel, coffin, window glass, 1890; sugar, 1890 and 1891; Std. Oil trust
ordered to dissolve, 1892; electric supply, 1892; leather, 1893; "labor" trust,
1894; Supreme Court, 1895 and 1897; Amer. Steel and Wire, 1897; paper, cracker,
thread, silverware, linseed oil, and elevator, 1898; radiator, wool,, copper,
fertilizer, Standard Oil, and cement, 1899; Addyston case, 1899; bicycle, 1899;
New Jersey enabling acts, 1899; steel and gypsum, 1901; Eastman Kodak, 1901;
Northern Securities Corp., 1902; shipping and harvester, 1902; miners1 strike,
1902; panic of T 03, 1903; adverse decision, 1903; Bureau of corporations, 1903;
beef, 1903; piano, 1903; beef prices, 1904; decision, 1904; beef, 1905 and 1906;
the "Jungle", 1906; Std. Oil of N.J., 1907, 1909 and 1911; Std. Oil of Ind., 1907;
harvester, 1907; Std. Oil, 1908; Danbury hatters, 1908; beef, 1910; U. S. Steel,
1911; tobacco, 1911; Union Bac. and So* P & c , 1912; Pujo Committee, 1912; bathtub, 1912; A # T.& T., 1913; Reading, harvester, and can, 1913; Clayton Act, 1914;
Federal Trade Commission created, 1914; Webb Act, 1918; U. S r Steel, 1920; PackerStockyards Act, 1921; cement co f s, 1921; Fed. Trade Commission decision, 1924;
see NRA, 1933.
-22-
u»s, MA.IL
Delivery in N.Y., 1861; 1st mail car, 1862; money orders, 1864; uniforms
for letter carriers, 1868; fast mail trains, 1875; postage cut to 2^, 1883; 1st
R.F.D. route, 1896; R.F.D. carriers* salaries, 1901; frauds in, 1903; postal
savings, 1910; parcel post, 1913; air mail, 1918; transcontinental air mail, 1920;
night air mail, 1925•
U.S. TREASURE
a. Public debt: see 1861, 1863, 1865, 1882, 1887, 1893, 1905, 1913, 1914,
1916, 1919, 1930, 1934, 1935.
b. Debt reduction:
see 1869; 1870, 1873, 1879, 1880, 1888, 1927.
c. Interest on public debt: see 1867,
d. Gov*t securities:
(1) prices or yields: see 1861,
1880,
1917,
1935.
(2) new issues: see 1863, 1865,
1875, 1877,
1917, 1918,
1882, 1920,
1863, 1865, 1870, 1871, 1877, 1879,
1881, 1888, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1898,
1918, 1919, 1920, 1931, 1932, 1934,
1870, 1871, (permitted to secure gold)
1879, 1881, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1898,
1919, 1931, 1934.
e. Surplus: see 1871, 1874, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1885, 1888, 1927*
f. Deficit:
see 1893, 1899, 1904, 1908, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1930, 1931, 1932,
1933, 1934.
g. Expenditures: see 1861, 1877, 1919, 1926, (salaries cut), 1933.
h. Receipts: see 1881, 1920.
i. Cash on hand: see 1865.
j. Bank holdings of govft debt:
(1) National Banks: see 1863, 1867, 1877.
(2) Fed. Res. Banks: see 1919, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1927, 1929.
(3) Member Banks: see 1917 and 1919.
k. Miscellaneous: Germans buying U.S. govt. s e c , 1864; 95 separate issues,
1866; listed on N.Y. stock exchange, 1867; payment of govt. sec. in
paper money, 1867; govt. sec. held abroad, 1868; Public Credit Act,
1869; Refunding Act, 1870; tax-exemption, 1870; War Savings Certificates,
1917; Bureau of the Budget, 1921; 91-day Treasury bills, 1929; stabilization fund established, 1934; short-term debt, 1935.
UTILITIES
(also see Electrical)
1st gas pipe line, 1872; Pearl St* powerhouse, 1881; United Gas Improvement Co., 1882; steam turbine invented, 1884; natural gas introduced into
Pittsburgh, 1884; Wellsbach gas mantle, 1885; world's largest gas well, 1889;
Samuel Insull in Chicago, 1893; Interurbans, 1895; Brooklyn Union Gas Co. incorp.,
-23-
UTILITIES
(cone*)
1895; ksvh output, 1902; Electric Bond & Share formed, 1905; interurbans in
difficulty, 1919; holding companies popular, 1926; aluminum street cars, 1926;
Muscle Shoals Act, 1928; Boulder Dam Act, 1928; # of gas meters in U # S., 1928;
Texas-Chicago pipe lines, 1931; Mid-West Utilities, 1932; utility profits, 1932;
T V A, 1933; Public Utility Holding Qompany Act, 1935.
WARS
Civil War;
Secessions, 1861; war begins, 1861; Miss. R. blockade, 1861; "Trent"
affair, 1861; Monitor vs. Merrimac, 1862; the South drafts, 1862;
Gettysburg, 1863; Miss. R. reopened, 1863; draft riots, 1863; Gettysburg
address, 1863; the "shoddy aristocracy", 1864; rumors of peace, 1864;
Atlanta falls, 1864; Lee surrenders, 1865; Decoration Day inaug., 1868.
Spanish-American War:
Cuban revolt, 1895; rumors of war, 1897; See War, 1898; treaty ratified,
1899; indemnity payment, 1899.
World War (1914-8):
See 1914; submarine zone, 1915; Lusitania, 1915; Anglo-French loan,
1915; Italy enters, 1915; Bulgaria enters, 1915; U-boat Deutschland,
1916; Rumania enters, 1916; preparedness-day parade, 1916; U.S. enters,
1917; Draft Act, 1917; price-fixing, 1917; War Risk Insurance Act, 1917;
Liberty Loans, 1917-8; Czar abdicates, 1917; Wilson's fourteen points,
1918; War Finance Board, 1918; War Industries Board, 1918; "Big Bertha",
1918; 2nd draft, 1918; Armistice, 1918; treaty submitted, 1919; League
of Nations, 1919; Lodge reservations, 1920.
MISCELLANEOUS NAMES and EVENTS
Pony Express, 1861; "stop and stay" laws, 1861; Hawthorne, death of,
1864; Howe, death of, 1867; Robt. E. Lee, death of, 1870; national wealth, 1870;
silk center of U.S., 1871; Emerson, death of, 1882; Longfellow, death of, 1882;
McCoy-Hatfield feud, 1882; Sitting Bull, death of, 1890; Whittier, death of, 1892;
0. W. Holmes, death of, 1894; record trip around world, 1901; Dr. Wileyfs "poison
squad", 1903; Simplified spelling, 1906; Harry K. Thaw-Stanford White, 1906;
E. P. Weston, 1909; "Mark Twain", death of, 1910; Halley f s comet, 1910; Taylorism,
1911; Ponzi, 1920; Wall St. Explosion, 1920; Dr. Coue, 1923; Floyd Collins, 1925;
"Monkey Trial", 1925; Sacco and Vanzetti, 1927; Chas. A. Lindbergh, Jr., death of,
1932; Dionne quintuplets, 1934.
-24-
@FedFRASER