The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
o cc u p atio n a l employment s ta tis tic s 1960-66 5s*S|ilr™ENT OF L A 0 O “ uabo RUs ° a T ’s T 'CS occupational em ploym ent statistics 1960-66 B u lletin 1 5 7 9 U .S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R W illa rd W irtz, S e c re ta ry BUR EA U OF LABOR S TA TIS TIC S Arthur M. Ross, C o m m is s io n e r JANUARY 1968 For sole by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 25 cents Preface This bulletin is the second in a series. The first, Occupational Employment Statistics, Sources and Data, [Report 305, June 1966), presented information on occupational employment for the Nation and for selected indus tries through 1964 and when available, for 1965. The present bulletin has two objectives. F irst, statistics thought to be of continuing importance are updated and whenever possible include the year 1966. Second, new occupational employment data of potential interest to r e searchers and students of the social sciences are presented. This bulletin was prepared by Arthur J. Gartaganis. Contents Page Chapters: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction--------------------------------------------Occupational data based on monthly household surveys of the labor fo r c e _________ Employment data for selected professional occupations ____________________________ Employment of teachers and librarians-----------------------------------------------------------------------Occupational employment data for regulated interstate industries_________________ Employment in engineering, scientific, and technical occupations in private industry________________________________________________________________________ Employment of engineers, scientists, and technicians by universities and colleges, and by scientific and research nonprofit organizations _________________ Occupational employment in Federal, State, and local governments________________ T ables: 1. Average annual employment, 14 years of age and older, by occupational group, from the monthly household survey of the labor force, 1957—6 6 __________________ 2. Average annual employment, 14 years of age and older, by occupational group, from the monthly household survey of the labor force, 1947—5 6 __________________ 3. Average annual employment, 16 years of age and older, by occupational group, from the monthly household survey of the labor force, 1958—6 6 __________ 4. The standard error of the annual average of the monthly estimates from the household survey, 1950-51, 1955-56, and 1967 _________________________ 5. The standard error of the annual average as a percent of estimated annual average employment, 1950-51, 1955-56, and 1967 ___________________ _____ 6. Employment in numerically important occupations, 1962—6 6 _______________________ 7. Occupational employment data available from professional associations, 1960-66 _________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Employment of teachers and librarians, in fall of school year, 1959—60 through 1965—6 6 ____________________________________________________ 9. Employment in selected occupations, regulated interstate industries, 1 9 6 0 -6 5 _________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Employment of engineers, by industry, as of January 1, 1961—6 6 _________________ 11. Employment of scientists, by industry, as of January 1, 1961—6 6 _________________ 12. Employment of technicians, by industry, as of January 1, 1961—6 6 _______________ 13. Employment of scientists, by occupation and industry, as of January 1, 1966____ 14. Employment of technicians, by occupation and industry, as of January 1, 1966________________________________________________ 15. Minimum employment size of establishments, by industry, covered by the 1961—66 surveys ___________________________________________________________________ 16. Relative standard errors for scientists and engineers, and for technicians, by industry, January I960 ____________________________________________________________ 17. Relative standard errors for scientists, engineers, and technicians, all industries, January I960 __________________________________________________ 18. Employment of engineers and scientists, by universities and colleges, March 1961_____________________________________________________________________________ 19. Employment of engineers and scientists, by universities and colleges, January 1965___________________________________________________________________________ 20. Employment of technicians, by universities andcolleges January 1965____________ 21. Employment of engineers, scientists, and technicians by independent nonprofit institutions, January 1965 _______________________________ 22. Federal employment in white -collar occupations, 1964-66 __________________________ 23. Employment in selected Post Office occupations,1960—6 6 _____________________________ 24. Employment of scientific, professional, and technical personnel by State and local governm ents__________________________________________________________ ii 1 3 9 11 12 14 23 27 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 11 13 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 24 25 26 26 28 31 32 Occupational Employment Statistics I960—66 Chapter 1. Introduction Significant changes in occupational em ployment patterns have occurred since World War II. Professional and technical employ ment has more than doubled; employment in clerical and service occupations has in creased more than 60 percent; blue-collar workers have increased only 15 percent; and employment in the agricultural sector has d r o p p e d one-half. Within each of these groups the detailed occupations exhibit di verse m o v e m e n t s . These changes affe.ct future employment opportunities and concern government officials and educators interested in reducing u n e m p l o y m e n t and preparing workers for the acquisition of skills required in the future. The manpower analyst is confronted with two problems: What are the p r e s e n t , and what will be the future occupational patterns? This bulletin may be helpful in coping with these problem s. It presents a substantial body of data on occupational employment by detailed industry and for the nationaT econ omy. Special emphasis is p l a c e d on the more important and fast-growing white-collar occupations s u c h as scientists, engineers, technicians, teachers, and health workers. Previously published data have been updated, and newly published or previously unpublished m aterial appear for the first time. Knowl edge of past trends is of great importance in attempting to forecast future occupational employment patterns. Historical employment series are shown, and sources of additional historical information a r e cited. Finally, mention is made of the results of occupational employment studies due to be published in the near future. Tables 1 through 6 of this bulletin p re sent occupational employment data based on statistics collected from a nationwide sample of households in the monthly survey of the labor force and indicate t h e i r reliability. The occupational data from the survey are comprehensive and include self-em ployed and agricultural workers as well as those on pay rolls. Workers who have two jobs or more are counted only in their primary occupation. The monthly estimates from the survey of total employment and unemployment are c rit ical m e a s u r e s of the performance of the 1 economy. Total e m p l o y m e n t distributed among a number of occupational groups is shown for 1947—66 in tables 1 and 2. Sim i lar data for 1958—66, which conform to the new definition of the labor force established in 1967 (excluding 14- and 1 5-y ea r-o ld s), are presented in table 3. Table 6 presents the first published detailed occupational employ ment data based on the labor force survey of households. Because of sampling error, (tables 4 and 5) estimates of employment in numerically sm aller occupations are not as reliable as estimates for occupations which have high employment. Response error also is likely to be significant for some occupa tions. Consequently, data for 1962—66 are shown for about 60 occupations each employ ing at least 200,000 at some time during this period. Data developed from licensing statistics and from membership records and estimates of professional societies provide employment information for the nine professional occupa tions shown in table 7. Most of the statis tics in this table are not subject to sampling error, and response errors are generally sm all. A lso , data are presented for some occupations having fewer than 200,000 work ers which, if based on the monthly household survey, would be subject to relatively high sampling e r r o r . Although not included in this report, licensing records may also pro vide information on the geographical d istri bution of workers in some occupations. Tables 8 through 14 and 18 through 24 present data on employment by occupation collected from i n d u s t r y establishments. These include both sample surveys of em ployers and almost complete counts of em ployment in a limited number of industries. Table 8 presents statistics on teachers and librarians collected from school systems by the Office of Education. Employment by o c cupation in regulated interstate industries such as railroads, airlines, and telephone communications, is d e s c r i b e d in table 9. Employment figures for engineers, scientists, and technicians in industry and occupational detail during 1961—66 are presented in tables 10 through 14. Tables 18 through 21 show em ployment in these professional occupations 2 by universities and other research organiza tions in 1961 and 1965. W hite-collar occupa tional employment through 1966 in Federal Government is presented in detail in tables 22—23. State government employment in 1964 and local government employment in 1963 are shown in table 24. The data from employers provide infor mation on the industrial distribution of some occupations, and, conversely, partial or com plete occupational patterns for some indus tries. I n f o r m a t i o n of the latter type is particularly useful in estimating future occu pational employment requirements, since pro jections of output and total employment by industry are made periodically. Expansion of the Bureau’ s program to collect occupa tional information f r o m employers is ex pected to yield additional information on the occupational composition of i n d u s t r y em ployment. Data in this bulletin compiled from em ployer reports and those based on licensing statistics and membership records of pro fessional societies are considered more ac curate than estimates for the same occupa tions obtained through the monthly labor force survey, because of the size of the sampling error in the latter survey and because occu pational data from employers probably has less response error than occupational infor mation supplied by households. Chapter 2. Occupational Data Based on Monthly Household Surveys of the Labor Force Occupational statistics based on nation wide s u r v e y s of households are collected m onthly1 by the Bureau of Census for the Bureau of L a b o r Statistics. Occupational employment estimates based upon these data are published monthly in the Department of Labor publication Employment and Earnings and M o n t h l y Report on the Labor F o rce. These figures include farm workers and the self-em ployed and are the o n l y com pre hensive estimates of occupational employment in the United States between decennial years. Tables 1—4 and 6 present annual aver ages of these monthly data. Employment in the United States from 1947—56 for 11 occu pational groupings is presented in table 2. During 1947—53 this information was obtained by interviewing 21,000 households in 68 sam ple areas distributed throughout the conti nental United States. In February 1954 the number of sample areas was increased to 230, and in May 1956 these estimates were further improved when the sample was ex panded to include 35,000 interviewed house holds l o c a t e d in 330 sample areas. In January I960 Alaska and Hawaii were added to the sample, and in December 1961 the number of sample areas was i n c r e a s e d slightly to 357. 1 2 The expansion in coverage permitted a breakdown into 23 different occu pational groupings. The 1957—66 occupational employment series in table 1 reflect these changes and improvements. Commencing with January 1967 two revi sions influence these occupational employ ment series. 3 F irst, there has been another improvement in th e employment estimates since the sample size has been increased to 52,500 interview households distributed over 449 sample areas. Second, the lower age limit f o r official statistics on employment and other manpower concepts has been raised from 14 to 16 years of age. Employment of 14- and 15-y ea r-o ld s is not very large and is concentrated prim arily in certain occupa tional groupings. They are n o w excluded from these occupational groupings. However, separate series for e m p l o y m e n t of these youngsters, by major occupation, are now being published. For purposes of com pari son, table 3 presents employment excluding 14- and 15-year-olds for selected occupational groupings from 1958—66. Annual averages of these data for 1967 will appear in the January 1968 issue of the Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. This monthly publica tion appears about the middle of each month and contains occupational group and industry data as of the previous month. L ess detailed employment i n f o r m a t i o n may be obtained somewhat earlier from the U .S . Department of Labor monthly news release, The Em ploy ment S i t u a t i o n . This publication appears about the 10th of each month and contains employment and unemployment data for broad occupational groupings, industry employment data, and analysis of current l a b o r force trends. The monthly occupational estimates are subject to response and to sampling errors. Response errors arise because the respond ent, frequently a housewife, does not have sufficient information about the job title or job duties of working family m em bers, or because occupational upgrading occurs. In the latter case for example, m achine-tool operators are identified as machinists and engineering aids as engineers. 4 Continued improvements in survey tech niques and sampling characteristics during the last 20 years have reduced the sampling error as i l l u s t r a t e d in tables 4 and 5. These tables present two aspects of the im proving reliability. As size of the occupa tional category increases, the standard error will tend to increase absolutely but to decrease as a percent of the estim ates. Further, the reliability of the larger estimates has im proved faster than that of the sm aller e sti mates. 1 Previous to 1958, occupational data were collected on a quarterly basis. 2 A description of the methodology of these surveys is con tained in BLS Report 313 and Current Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 22, Concepts and Methods Used in Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Survey, June 1967. 3 Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, February 1967, pp. 3>—13, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics contains a detailed analysis of the extent and effect of these revisions. 4 Additional discussion of this topic is contained in Occu pational Employment Statistics, Sources and Data, Report 305 U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1966, pp. 15 and 24-29. ^ These tables provide information on the sampling error for the average of the 12 monthly estimates. Sampling error for monthly estimates is available in the Technical Note sections of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. 3 4 Commencing in 1962, a n n u a l average employment information from the monthly h o u s e h o l d survey has been tabulated into about 300 occupations or occupational group ings. The sm aller occupations are subject to considerable sampling variability. Conse quently, only about 60 occupations and occu pational categories which employed at least 200,000 in any year from 1962—66 are pre sented in table 6. 5 Table 1. Average Annual Employment, 14 Years of Age and Older, by Occupational Group, From the Monthly Household Survey of the Labor Force, 1957-66 (In thousands) Occupational group T o t a l ----------------- --------------------------1W h ite -co lla r w orkers -----------------------P ro fession a l, technical, and kindred w o rk e rs-------------------------M edical and other health w orkers ----------------------------------T each ers, except co lle g e ------Other p rofession al and technical----------------------------------M anagers, officia ls, and p ro p rie to rs, except f a r m ---------------Salaried w orkers --------------------S elf-em p loyed w orkers in retail tr a d e ----------------------------S elf-em ployed w ork ers, e x cept retail trad e--------------------- 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 I960 1959 1958 1957 7 4,065 72,179 70,357 68,809 6 7,846 66,796 66,681 65,581 63,966 65,016 33,332 32,104 31,125 30,182 29,901 2 9,124 28,726 27,798 27,056 26,451 9,323 8,883 8 ,55 0 8,263 8 ,04 0 7,705 7,475 7,143 6,961 6,468 1,506 2,020 1,486 1,881 1,405 1,878 1,351 1,817 1,353 1,713 1,328 1,642 1,299 1,620 1,240 1,500 1,247 1,494 1,156 1,347 5,797 5,516 5,267 5,095 4 ,97 4 4 ,73 5 4,555 4 ,40 4 4,221 3,968 7,40 4 4,685 7,340 4,427 7,452 4,296 7,293 4,148 7,408 . 4,053 7,119 3,750 7,067 3,52 4 6,93 5 3,416 6,785 3,259 6,703 3,04 4 1,263 1,389 1,474 1,441 1,583 1,66 4 1,767 1,736 1,770 1,834 1,456 1,524 1,682 1,704 1,773 1,705 1,776 1,783 1,756 1,824 C lerical w orkers --------------------------Stenographers, ty p ists, and s e c r e ta r ie s ----------------------------Other c le ric a l w orkers ---------- 11,846 11,166 10,667 10,270 10,107 9,861 9,783 9,326 9,137 9,15 2 3,086 8,76 0 2,880 8,286 2,708 7,959 2,631 7,639 2,511 7,596 2,405 7,456 2,386 7,397 2,320 7,006 2,241 6,89 5 2,162 6,99 0 S alesw orkers -------------------------------Retail trade-------------------------------Other salesw ork ers ---------------- 4,7 59 2,866 1,893 4,71 5 2,877 1,838 4,456 2,635 1,821 4,356 2,582 1,774 4,346 2,529 1,817 4,439 2,586 1,853 4,401 2,591 1,810 4 ,39 4 2,579 1,815 4,173 2,468 1,705 4,128 2,488 1,640 B lu e -co lla r w o r k e r s -------------------------Craftsm en and fo r e m e n ---------------Carpenters -------------------------------Construction craftsm en , except ca rp e n te rs-----------------M echanics and r e p a i r m e n ----M etal craftsm en , except m ech a n ics------------------------------Other craftsm en and kin dred w o rk e rs--------------------------F orem en , not elsew here cla ssifie d --------------------— ------- 27,167 9,598 853 26,466 9,221 850 2 5,534 8,98 6 820 24,982 8 ,92 4 814 24,278 8,678 812 23,862 8,62 3 815 24,211 8 ,56 0 832 24,162 8,561 846 23,510 8,469 854 24,8 7 4 8 ,66 4 900 1,978 2,393 1,839 2,337 1,793 2,226 1,796 2,206 1,705 2,145 1,691 2,122 1,722 2,017 1,726 2,047 1,621 2,076 1,675 2,031 1,180 1,112 1,091 1,079 1,046 1,021 1,090 1,082 1,048 1,182 1,849 1,818 1,831 1,786 1,751 1,825 1,762 1,738 1,710 1,709 1,345 1,265 1,225 1,243 1,218 1,149 1,137 1,122 1,159 1,168 Operatives -------------------------------------D rivers and d e liv e r y m e n ------Other operatives --------------------Durable goods m anufac turing— Nondurable goods manu facturing— Nonmanufacturing in d u s tr ie s --------------------------- 13,879 2,580 11,299 13,390 2,505 10,885 12,924 2,511 10,413 12,507 2,446 10,061 12,041 2,352 9,689 11,762 2,351 9,411 11,986 2,375 9,611 11,858 2,378 9,479 11,441 2,255 9 ,18 5 12,530 2,330 10,200 4,645 4,298 3,966 3,862 3,611 3, 356 3,477 3,48 4 3,203 3,802 3,779 3,700 3,573 3,462 3,314 3 ,31 4 3 ,34 4 3,215 3,206 3,451 2,875 2,887 2,87 4 2,737 2,764 2,741 2,790 2,780 2,776 2,947 Nonfarm la b o r e r s --------------------------C o n stru c tio n ----------------------------Manufacturing --------------------------Other in d u stries------------------------ 3,690 724 1,098 1,868 3,855 805 1,091 1,959 3,62 4 787 1,027 1,810 3,551 730 1,003 1,818 3,559 747 1,017 1,796 3,477 750 986 1,741 3,665 797 1,137 1,730 3,743 837 1,178 1,727 3,600 806 1,079 1,715 Service w o rk e rs----------------------------------Private household w o rk e rs---------Other serv ice w ork ers ---------------P rotective serv ice w orkers ----------------------------------W aiters, cooks, and barten ders— Other serv ice w ork ers ---------- 9,689 2,249 7,440 9,342 2,251 7,091 9,25 6 2,322 6 ,93 4 9,032 2,306 6,726 8,802 2,341 6,461 8 ,64 0 2,317 6,323 8,349 2,216 6,133 8 ,04 0 2,197 5,843 7,809 2,20 4 5,605 3,680 n n (M 7,632 2,098 5,53 4 886 874 891 846 805 775 766 760 741 742 2,007 4,547 1,958 4,259 1,911 4,13 2 1,866 4,014 1,774 3,882 1,715 3,833 1,676 3,690 1,631 3,451 1,539 3,32 4 1,589 3 ,20 4 F arm w o r k e r s ------------------ -— -------------F arm ers and farm m a n a g e r s ----Farm laborers and fo r e m e n -------Paid w o rk e rs ----------------------------Unpaid fam ily w ork ers ---------- 3,876 2,095 1,781 1,104 677 4,26 5 2,24 4 2,021 1,249 772 4 ,4 4 4 2,320 2,124 1,324 800 4,615 2,396 2,219 1,397 822 4,866 2,595 2,271 1,382 889 5,17 0 2,711 2,459 1,489 970 5,395 2,780 2,615 1,572 1,043 5,582 3,019 2,563 1,454 1,109 5,591 3,083 2,508 1,439 1,069 6,059 3,329 2,730 1,489 1,242 1 Not available. N O TE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals, 6 Table 2. Average Annual Employment, 14 Years of Age and Older, by Occupational Group, From the Monthly Household Survey of the Labor Force, 1947-56 1 (In thousands) 1955 1954 1953 1952 1951 1950 1949 1948 1947 T otal------------------------------------------------ 64,928 62,998 61,160 61,778 60,989 60,854 59,648 58,489 59,307 57,843 W hite-collar w o r k e r s ------- ---------------------- 2 5 ,5 9 7 P ro fe ssion a l, technical, and kindred w o rk e rs------------------------------- 6,096 M an agers, o ffic ia ls, and 6,552 p ro p rie tors, except fa r m -------------8,838 C le rica l and kindred w o r k e r s --------S alesw o rk ers--------------------------------------- 4,111 24,553 23,891 23,614 23,070 22,413 22,373 21,636 21,400 20,185 5,782 5,588 5,448 5,092 4 ,78 8 4,49 0 4 ,02 8 3,977 3,795 6,442 8,359 3,970 6,201 8,168 3,934 6,396 7,991 3,779 6,182 8,122 3,674 6,220 7,655 3 ,7 5 0 6,429 7,632 3,822 6,433 7,438 3,737 6,344 7,438 3, 641 5 ,7 9 5 7,200 3,395 B lu e-collar w o rk e rs-------------------------------- 25,179 C raftsm en , forem en , and kindred w o rk e rs------------------------------- 8,693 Operatives and kindred w o rk e rs----- 12,816 L ab ore rs, except farm and m in e— 3,670 24,729 24,167 24,991 24,802 2 5,009 23,336 22,770 23,988 2 3,554 8,315 12,740 3,67 4 8,311 12,253 3,603 8,588 12,747 3,656 8,743 12,352 3,707 8,43 4 12,623 3,952 7,670 12,146 3,520 7,625 11,780 3,365 8,119 12,396 3 ,4 7 3 7,754 12,274 3,526 Occupational group 1956 Service w ork e rs--------------------------------------P rivate household w o rk e rs-------------Other serv ice w o r k e r s --------------------- 7,609 2,124 5,485 7,101 1,946 5,155 6,755 1,760 4,995 6,949 1,850 5,099 6,488 1,805 4,683 6,533 1,869 4 ,6 6 4 6,535 1,883 4,652 6,266 1,757 4 ,50 9 6,040 1,754 4 ,2 8 6 5,987 1,731 4 ,25 6 F arm w o r k e r s -----------------------------------------F a rm e rs and farm m a n a g e r s --------F arm labo rers and fo r e m e n ------------ 6,544 3,655 2,889 6,616 3,782 2,834 6,348 3,853 2,495 6,224 3,842 2,382 6,632 3,963 2,669 6,900 4,02 5 2,875 7,408 4,393 3,015 7,819 4,703 3,116 7,881 4 ,66 8 3,213 8,120 4,995 3,125 1 Data for 1947-56 ment adopted in January one-quarter m illion as a pact on any occupational N O TE : have not been adjusted to reflect changes in the definitions of employment and unemploy 1957. On the average, total employment declined and unemployment increased by about result of the change. The change m ainly affected nonagricultural industries, but its im category would be relatively sm a ll. B ecause of rounding, Table 3. sums of individual item s m ay not equal to ta ls. A verage Annual Em ploym ent, 16 Y ears of A ge and O ld er, by Occupational Group, F ro m the Monthly Household Survey of the Labor F o r c e , 1 9 5 8 -6 6 (In thousands) 1966 Occupational group 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 I960 1959 1958 T otal------------------------------------------------ 7 2 ,8 9 8 7 1 ,0 8 8 69,305 67,762 66,702 65,746 65,778 64,630 63,036 W hite-collar w o r k e r s ----------------------------P ro fession a l and te ch n ica l-------------M an agers, o fficia ls, and p r o p r ie to r s --------------------------------------C le rica l w ork e rs-------------------------------S ale sw o rk ers--------------------------------------- 3 3 ,0 6 8 9 ,3 0 9 3 1 ,8 4 9 8, 883 30,866 8,550 29,943 8,263 29,632 8,040 28,884 7,705 28,516 7,474 27,574 7,143 2 6 ,8 2 7 6,961 7 ,4 0 6 1 1,8 1 2 4, 541 7, 340 1 1 ,1 2 9 4 ,4 9 7 7,451 10,629 4,23 7 7,293 10,237 4,150 7,408 10,065 4,11 8 7,119 9,828 4,23 2 7,067 9,759 4,21 6 6,935 9,297 4,19 9 6,785 9 ,10 4 3,977 B lu e-co lla r w ork e rs-------------------------------C raftsm en and fo r e m e n -------------------O p e ra tiv e s------------------------------------------Nonfarm la b o re rs ------------------------------- 2 6 ,9 5 0 9, 585 13,831 3, 534 26, 246 9, 222 1 3 ,3 3 6 3, 688 25,331 8,986 12,866 3,479 24,778 8,925 12,456 3,397 24,048 8,678 11,979 3,391 23,683 8,623 11,712 3,348 24,067 8,560 11,950 3,557 2 4 ,0 0 9 8, 561 11,813 3,635 23,356 8,469 11,392 3,495 Service w ork e rs--------------------------------------Private household w o rk e rs-------------Other serv ice w o r k e r s --------------------- 9, 211 1 ,9 0 4 7, 307 8, 936 1 ,9 5 7 6, 980 8,890 2,040 6,851 8,670 2,029 6,641 8,383 2,023 6,360 8,261 2,036 6,226 8,031 1,980 6,051 7,720 1,966 5,75 4 7,515 1,99 1 5,524 F arm w o r k e r s -----------------------------------------F a rm e rs and farm m a n agers---------F arm laborers and fo r e m e n ------------ 3, 670 2, 094 1 ,5 7 6 4 , 057 2, 244 1 ,8 1 4 4,219 2,320 1,899 4,372 2,396 1,976 4,63 9 2,595 2,045 4 ,91 7 2,711 2,206 5,163 2,781 2,383 5,327 3,019 2,309 5,338 3,083 2,255 N O TE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals. 7 Table 4. The Standard E r r o r 1 of the Annual A verage of the Monthly E stim ates F rom the Household Survey, 1 9 5 0 -5 1 , 1 9 5 5 -5 6 , and 1967 (in thousands) Annual average employment 10 5 0 ________ ________ ______________________________ 100 .......................................................................................... 250 ___ ____________________________________________ 500 ____________________________ ____________________ 1,-000 .............................................. ...................................... 2, 500 _ _ _______ __ _ 5, 000 ______________________ _______________________ 10, 000 ____________________________ _______________ _ 2 0 ,0 0 0 _______________________________________ _______ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ______________________________________________ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ______________________________________________ 1950 1951 1955 4 12 17 (2) 33 43 64 107 170 241 376 (2) 572 5 13 17 (2) 30 39 54 85 121 165 224 (2) 277 3 6 8 13 (2) 19 27 40 58 76 103 116 125 1956 2 5 7 11 (2) 15 21 34 45 63 80 94 98 1967 2 4 5 9 (2) 13 18 27 38 51 67 76 80 1 The standard e rro r is a m easu re of sam pling variability, that is , the variations that might occur by chance because only a sam ple of the population is surveyed. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estim ate from the sam ple would differ from a complete census by le ss than the standard e rr o r. The chances are 19 out of 20 that the difference would be le s s than twice the standard e rr o r. 2 Not available in source report. SOURCE: 1 9 5 0 -5 6 from the U .S . Department of C om m erce publications Current Population R eports, Annual Report on the Labor F o r c e , S eries P -5 0 , No. 31, 1950; ibid. , No. 4 0 , 1951; ibid. , No. 67, 1955; ibid. , No. 72, 1956. 1967 from U.S. Department of Labor Em ploym ent and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor F o r c e , February 1967. Table 5. The Standard E rr o r of the Annual A verage as a P ercent of E stim ated Annual A verage Em ploym ent, 1 9 5 0 -5 1 , 1 9 5 5 -5 6 , and 1967 (in thousands) Annual average employment 1 0 ____________________________________________________ Rf) 100 _________ ________________________________________ 250 ____________________________________________ _____ 300 __________________________________________________ 500 _______________________ __________________- ______ 1, 000 _______________________________________________ 2, 500 _______________________________ __________ 5, 000 ______________________________________________ _ 10, 000 ___________________________ ___________________ 3 0 ,0 0 0 ______________________________________________ 4 0 ,0 0 0 ____ ____ _____________________________________ 1 Not available in source report. SOURCE: See table 4. 1950 1951 1955 40. 0 24. 0 17. 0 (*) 11. 0 8. 6 6 .4 4. 3 3 .4 2 .4 1. 9 50. 0 26. 0 17. 0 (M 10. 0 7. 8 5 .4 3 .4 2 .4 1. 7 1. 1 (*) . 7 30. 0 12. 0 8. 0 5. 2 (M 3. 8 2. 7 1. 6 1. 2 .8 C •D .4 .3 (l ) 1 .4 1956 20. 0 10. 0 7. 0 4 .4 (M 3. 0 2. 1 1 .4 . 9 . 6 A . *± .3 .2 1967 20. 0 8. 0 5. 0 3. 6 (M 2. 6 1. 8 1. 1 . 9 . 5 O . J . 3 . 2 8 Table 6. Employment in Numerically Important Occupations, 1962-66 (In thousands) Occupation P ro fession a l w orkers: E n gin eers, technical, total _______________ _________ E n gin eers, e lectrical _ E n gin eers, m e c h a n ic a l__________________________ E n gin eers, other __ __ __________________________ Natural s c ie n tis ts ____________________________________ D r a fts m e n _____________________________________________ Technicians, other engineering and physical scien ce ___________________ ____________ N u r se s, p rofession al _____ ____________ ________ P hysicians and s u r g e o n s ___ _____ __ _____ _____ T echnicians, m edical and dental __________________ College presid en ts, p r o fe s s o r s , and in stru ctors, not elsew here c l a s s i fie d ___________ T e ach e rs, elem entary schools T e ach e rs, secondary schools ___ ____________ Accountants and auditors Clergym en ____________________________________________ L aw yers and judges _______________ C le rica l w orkers: S e c re ta rie s, stenograph ers, and typists _ S ecreta ries ________________________________________ S te n o g ra p h e rs__________ ___________________________ Typists O ffice-m achine operators Bookkeepers and accounting clerks _ _ C ash iers _ ________ __________________________________ M ail c a rr ie r s ______________________________ ________ P ostal clerk s ______ Shipping and receiving clerk s ____________ __________ Telephone operators _________________________________ C raftsm en , forem en , and kindred w orkers: C a r p e n te r s _________________________ ________________ B rick m ason s, stonem ason s, and tile setters E lectrician s E xcavating, grading, and road m achinery o p e r a to r s _______________________________ P ain ters, construction and m a in ten an ce________ P lum bers and pipefitters _____________ ____________ F orem en , not elsew here classifie d _ _______ M achinists T oo lm ak ers, d iem ak ers, and die setters Linem en and s e rv ice m en , telephone, telegraph, and power M echanics and repairm en __________________________ M ech an ics, m otor v e h ic le _______________________ Stationary engineers _________________________________ Operatives and kindred w ork ers: Truck and tractor d rivers ___________________________ D eliverym en and ro u te m e n _________ ______________ W eld ers and f la m e -c u t t e r s _______ ______________ Attendants, auto serv ice and p a r k in g ____________ Laundry and drycleaning o p e r a tiv e s _______________ Meat cu tters, except slaughter and packinghouse _ _ _____ Mine operatives and la b o re rs , not elsew here cla ssifie d A s s e m b le r s Inspectors _ _______ _________________ __ _______ Sew ers and stitch ers, manufacturing ___________ Service w ork ers, except private household: G uards, watchmen, and doorkeepers _____________ P olicem en and d e t e c tiv e s ____________________ _____ Cooks, except private h o u seh o ld __________________ Counter and fountain w orkers ______________________ W aiters and w aitresses _____________________________ Attendants, hospital and other institutions Charwomen and cleaners __ Janitors and sextons ___________ ___________________ P ra ctical nurses _______ ____ SOURCE: Monthly Household resu lts not published. 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1, 117 279 215 623 193 270 1, 055 266 204 585 206 264 1 ,0 5 9 272 206 581 192 240 1, 041 255 201 585 188 260 1 ,0 0 4 248 210 546 180 266 261 637 277 224 237 644 252 206 227 594 24 7 189 220 558 248 171 229 591 238 171 266 1, 148 739 606 187 260 256 1, 034 697 574 194 269 232 1 ,0 6 9 678 573 199 260 189 1, 058 649 564 219 239 172 977 597 518 220 24 7 3, 072 2, 159 207 706 470 1, 204 688 239 257 352 373 2, 875 2, 024 208 643 437 1, 160 657 219 242 327 346 2, 717 1, 845 230 64 2 417 1, 149 604 201 226 356 351 2, 630 1, 760 249 621 410 1, 100 551 208 230 336 319 2, 500 1 ,6 5 5 24 5 600 399 1 ,0 9 4 544 206 244 331 328 860 193 439 851 207 391 830 195 370 811 183 385 819 191 388 304 474 334 1 ,3 4 9 459 207 273 455 301 1, 292 430 185 273 428 305 1, 241 414 201 285 435 295 1, 251 418 192 24 8 395 280 1 ,2 2 7 402 175 372 2 ,4 0 3 784 184 337 2, 331 791 189 350 2, 234 761 181 322 2, 213 734 200 312 2, 155 676 181 1, 635 579 507 394 408 1, 582 577 464 391 417 1 ,5 7 1 601 423 416 391 1, 568 538 408 390 392 1 ,5 4 4 492 366 390 399 173 194 198 203 196 179 784 573 872 204 712 543 819 208 657 538 797 202 635 534 764 201 596 518 707 315 316 64 7 237 953 663 289 856 270 287 330 657 206 940 605 259 794 285 314 319 604 204 939 558 24 8 762 287 295 303 615 173 938 532 246 725 273 300 281 571 163 913 509 216 677 254 Survey of the Labor F orce conducted by the Bureau of Labor S tatistics. Survey Chapter 3. Employment Data for Selected Proffessional Occupations Professional societies compile occupa tional statistics from Stat^ licensure data, membership lists, and other sources. These estimates are adjusted to correct problems such as overcounting due to multiple licen s ing (in various States, for example), non m em bers, and retirees who may be leaving or entering the active ranks. Although not all societies compile data on a systematic or regular basis, reliable estimates are available for a number of professions. Cur rent sources and descriptions of the occupa tions presented in table 7 are given below. Nurses Facts About Nursing, various editions, an annual report of the American N urses’ A s s o ciation. The interagency C o n f e r e n c e on Nursing Statistics, including representatives of The Am erican Nursing Association, the National League for Nursing, and the U. S. Public Health Serivce, meets biennially to prepare a joint estimate based on their data and on records, registration data, and em ployment data obtained from the American Hospital Association, Am erican Osteopathic Association, State Boards of Nursing, A m e r ican Red C ro ss, National Student N urses’ Association, National Federation of Licensed P r a c t i c a l N urses, and Bureau of Labor Statistics. Dentists Distribution of Dentists in the United States, by State, Region, D istrict, and County, various editions, an annual report of the American Dental Association based on a count of licensed dentists listed in the Am erican Dental Directory. The employment estimate in table 7 excludes m ilitary and retired p e r sonnel to conform to a civilian labor force concept. Table 7. A Statistical Study of the Osteopathic P rofessional, an annual report oi The A m erican Osteopathic Association. Data in table 7 Occupational Employment Data Available From Professional Associations, 1960-66 (In thousands) Occupation 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 90 582 11 118 255 8 21 89 (3) 89 550 11 117 239 8 21 (3) (3) 27 20 Health professions:* Dentists-----------------------------------------------------------Nurses— professional-----------------------------------------Osteopaths--------------------------------------------------------Pharmacists------------------------------------------------------Physicians--------------------------------------------------------Podiatrists--------------------------------------------------------Veterinarians--------------------------------------------------- ( 2) 621 (2) 121 272 (2) 23 91 (3) 11 118 265 8 Other professions: Architects— registered--------------------------------------Foresters----------------------------------------------------------- 32 23 32 30 (3 ) (3) (3) (3) 11 117 248 8 1961 88 ( 3) 12 117 231 (3) 1960 87 504 12 117 224 (3) (3) 20 (3) 26 (3) 18 1 For a detailed and comprehensive presentation of employment and other characteristics of health professions and occupations see Health Resource Statistics, Health, Manpower, 1965, 1966, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. 2 Not yet available. 3 No estimates made. 9 10 are a count of licensed osteopaths and exclude the retired and those for whom status was not reported. N o t e : Approximately 2, 200 osteopaths in California were awarded M. D. degrees in 1962, thus decreasing the number of Doctors of Osteopathy in that year. Association: March 1965; "1964 Survey of the Podiatry Profession: The Podiatrist; D istri bution Education, Organizational Relation s h ip s ," by Lloyd E. Blauch. Estimate for 1965 furnished by the American Podiatry As sociation. Veterinarians Pharmacists N. A. B .P . Bulletin, National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. Employment statis tics have been compiled annually in the winter edition. They represent a count of registered pharmacists engaged in p r a c t i c e obtained from N. A. B. P. census and licensing data. Physicians A. M. A. Directory Reports Service, a quarterly report of the American Medical Association. Data in table 7 refer to licensed physicians as of the end of each year shown, except for 1966 which are midyear estim ates, and exclude m ilitary and retired M. D. 's and M . D . ' s other than those in Federal employ ment who have a temporary foreign address. Podiatrists American Podiatry Association reports based on State licensing: Podiatry as a C areer, by Wilfred E. Belleau revised 196"5 edition for 1962 data; Numbers and the Podia try P rofession s, by Lloyd E. Blauch, for 1963 data, and Journal of the American Podiatry A. V. M. A. D irectory, a biennial publica tion of the American Veterinary Medical A s sociation. Data in table 7 refer to licensed v e t e r i n a r i a n s , excluding those who are retired. Architects Data are an unduplicated count of archi tects registered in each State compiled by the National Council of Architecture Registration Boards, Architectural Institute of A m erica. Some retired registered architects may be included. F oresters Datum for 1961 is from a survey of alumni by colleges granting degrees in fo r estry plus a count of the nondegree members of the Society of American F oresters. It was published in an article "How Many F o r e ste rs" by F. H. Eyre in th e Journal of Forestry, 1962. The 1962 and 1966 data are estimates made by the Society. They are based upon the 1961 figure and have been adjusted to include recent entrants (degree recipients) and exclude retired personnel. Chapter 4. Employment of Teachers and Librarians The Office of E d u c a t i o n in the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and W el fare compiles and publishes statistics r e lating to the educational s y s t e m . Recent editions of Projections of Educational Sta tistics furnished information on the supply Table 8. and demand of teachers o v e r the next 10 years. The Digest of Educational Statistics provides d a t a on librarians. The number of employed teachers and librarians from 1959—66 is presented in table 8. Employment of Teachers and Librarians, in Fall of School Year, 1959-60 Through 1965-66 (In thousands) Occupation 1965-66 1964-65 Elementary and secondary *-------------------------------------Elementary school teachers---- ---------------------Public-----------------------------------------------------------Nonpublic----------------------------------------------------Secondary school teachers--------------------------------Public------------------------ -----------------------------------Nonpublic----------------------------------------------------- 1,942 1,120 968 152 823 749 74 1,872 1,090 940 150 782 708 74 College instructional staff -------------------------------------Instructors or above-------------------------------------------Full tim e ------------------------------------------------------Part tim e ------------------------------------------------------Junior instructional staff------------------------------------- 432 367 245 122 65 Librarians 3---------------------------------------------------------------Public elementary and secondary---------------------Nonpublic elementary and secondary----------------College and university----------------------------------------Public library----------------------------------------------------Special library--------------------------------------------------- 81 28 5 14 22 13 1963-64 1962-63 1961-62 1960-61 1959-60 1,797 1,053 908 145 743 669 74 1,717 1,026 886 140 690 621 69 1,657 1,002 869 133 655 592 63 1,594 984 858 126 610 550 60 1,531 952 832 120 580 524 56 389 331 221 110 58 358 305 205 101 53 336 287 192 95 49 313 267 179 88 46 296 254 170 84 42 283 245 164 81 39 77 27 5 12 21 12 73 25 4 12 21 12 69 23 4 11 20 10 66 22 4 10 20 10 63 20 3 10 20 10 62 20 3 9 20 10 1 Projections of Educational Statistics to 1975-76, 1966 ed. , U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, publication No. OE-10030-66, table 22. Data for 1964-65 were revised. Data for 1965-66 are preliminary. 2 Ibid. , table 27. Data cover only faculty for resident instruction in degree-credit courses. They do not include professional staff for general administration, student personnel services, or organized research; faculty for resident instruction in other than degreecredit courses; extension staff; professional library staff; instructional staff for elementary or secondary instruction; and other faculty. Data for 1960-61, 1962-63, and 1965-66 are estimates. 3 Digest of Educational Statistics, 1965 ed. , U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, publi cation No. OE-10024-65, table 128. Ibid., 1966 ed. , No. OE-10024-66, table 138. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. 11 Chapter 5. Occupational Employment Data for Regulated Interstate Industries Railroad, pipeline, airline, telephone, and telegraph companies which are engaged in interstate com m erce file reports with Fed eral regulatory agencies which include data on employment by occupation. Industry cov erage is very comprehensive, since almost all business units in t h e s e industries are involved in interstate activities. Selected employment data from these reports are pre sented in table 9. The sources are described below. Scheduled Airlines Air Transport Facts and Figures, 1966, 1967 Air Transport Association of Am erica. This Association obtained the data from a ir lines industry information filed with the Civil Aeronautics B o a r d . The Federal Aviation Agency also obtains and publishes, in great detail, employment and other scheduled a ir lines information in its a n n u a l publication FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation. These data account for over 80 percent of the a ir line industry employment. Class I Railroads Telephones Railroad companies which h a v e annual operating revenues of $5 million or more are classified as Class I railroads. These companies, which include over 95 percent of the railroad industry1s employment, submit annual reports to the ICC which summarizes them in Statement No. M -300, Wage Statis tics of Class I Railroads in U. S. In these reports employment is divided into 128 occu pational categories. A few of these cate gories are groupings of not entirely related occupations. Only a limited number of divi sions which do not c o n t a i n a mixture of occupations a r e presented in this bulletin. Industry Wage Survey: Communications, published annually by the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data are compiled from annual reports filed with the Federal Communications Commission by telephone carriers which had annual revenues exceeding $1 million in 1965 and $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 previously. The Annual Statistical Volum e, published by the U. S. I n d e p e n d e n t T ele phone Association, presents employment data compiled from an annual survey of independ ent telephone companies. The data in table 9 represent an unduplicated combination of the two studies. Except for some officials and managerial assistants employed by the Bell. System, these data represent, substantially, the whole industry. Railway Express Agency Annual issues of Transport Statistics in U. S. , Part 3, The Railway Express Agency Inc. , Interstate Commerce Commission, Bu reau of Transport Economics and Statistics. Telegraph Industry Wage Survey: Communications, published annually by the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. The data are compiled from annual reports filed with the Federal Communications Commission by all companies in the telegraph industry hav ing a n n u a l r e v e n u e s exceeding $50, 000. These represent about 90 percent of industry employment. Pullman Company Ibid. , Part 2, The Pullman Co. Oil Pipelines Ibid. , Part 6, Oil Pipelines, the data in this report account for more than 85 percent of industry employment. 12 13 Table 9. Employment in Selected Occupations, Regulated Interstate Industries, 1960-65 (In thousands) Occupation 1 1965 1963 680. 37. 6. 3. 8. 2. 6. 0 1 0 5 6 3 1 1962 700. 37. 6. 3. 9. 2. 6. 1 0 3 5 0 4 3 C la ss I railroads (lin e -h a u l)-------------- ------------Conductors, railroad _________________________ O ffice-m achine o p e r a to r s ____________________ S e c r e t a r ie s _____________________________________ Stenographers and t y p i s t s __________ _____ ___ Telephone operators _________________________ C a r p e n te r s ________ __ ________________ _____ Linem en and servicem en (Telephone and T e le g r a p h )-------------------- __ __ ------------B lacksm ith s, forgem en, and ham m erm en __________________________________ B o ilerm ak ers _______________ ________________ Stationary engineers _________________________ L ocom otive engineers __ ___________________ L ocom otive f ir e m e n ____________ ___ _______ D rivers and d e liv e r y m e n ___________________ 640. 38. 6. 3. 8. 2. 5. 1. 1. . 35. 21. 5. 8 8 7 1 8 9 1. 8 1. 9 . 8 34. 3 30.-0 5. 8 1. 2. . 33. 35. 5. 8 0 8 9 9 8 1. 2. . 34. 36. 5. Railway E xp ress A gency, Inc ----------------- -------D rivers and d e liv e r y m e n ___________________ Train m e ssen ge rs ___ ____________ ________ W arehouse and platform l a b o r e r s __________ 32. 10. . 5. 1 4 9 9 31. 10. 1. 5. 30. 9. 1. 5. 4 6 1 3 30. 4 9 .4 1. 2 5. 2 5. 9 . 6 2. 2 6. 4 . 6 2. 5 The Pullman C om pan y___________________________ C<"»r>diictnrs _______ ____ ___ ™_™,— P orters __ _______________________ __________ 0 0 1 4 0 0 7 1964 2. 2 5. 3 . 5 2. 1 665. 37. 6. 3. 8. 2. 6. 0 4 0 4 3 1 0 2. 3 4 0 1 7 5. 5 . 5 2. 2 2. 3 2. 3 8 0 9 2 5 8 1961 717. 36. 6. 3. 9. 2. 6. 5 9 6 6 5 5 5 2. 4 1960 780. 39. 7. 3. 10. 2. 7. 5 0 0 8 4 8 1 2. 5 1. 7 2. 1 9 34. 1 36. 6 5. 7 2. 2. 1. 36. 38. 5. 0 3 0 2 8 9 30. 9. 1. 5. 30. 9. 1. 5. 8 0 5 5 4 2 3 3 6. 7 6 2. 6 21. 3. 3. 2. . 1. 3 3 6 3 8 1 166. 13. 10. 3. 4. 34. 43. 35. 21. 1 5 6 8 2 2 3 4 1 Oil p ip e lin e s __________ _____________________ ___ Station engineers and pumpers ____________ G a ger-d elivery m en and oil re ce iv ers -----Pipeline r e p a ir m e n ----------------------------------------Other m echanics _______________________ _____ L ab orers ----------------------------------------------------------- 16. 2. 2. 1. . 1. 9 3 9 5 7 1 17. 2. 2. 1. . 1. 1 5 9 7 7 1 18. 2. 3. 1. . 1. 2 5 1 8 7 2 19. 2. 3. 2. . 1. 2 8 2 0 7 2 3 0 4 1 7 * 1. 1 Scheduled airlin es ________________________________ A irlin e pilots and copilots __________ ___ A irlin e stew ard esses and p u r s e r s ------------Other flight personnel ________________________ Communications p e r s o n n e l__________________ M echanics and maintenance personnel ___ A ir c r a ft and traffic serv ice personnel ----Office e m p lo y e e s ______________________________ A ll other e m p lo y e e s __________________________ 205. 16. 17. 4. 3. 40. 56. 42. 24. 9 3 1 8 2 7 3 9 7 191. 15. 14. 4. 3. 39. 51. 40. 23. 8 1 5 4 2 4 9 3 0 178. 14. 13. 4. 3. 34. 49. 37. 22. 9 3 1 0 7 5 1 9 4 172. 13. 12. 4. 3. 34. 46. 37. 20. 8 8 2 2 4 9 7 0 7 169. 13. 11. 4. 3. 34. 44. 36. 20. Telephone industry ______ _____ ___ __________ P ro fe ssion a l and sem ip ro fession a l p e r s o n n e l_________________________ ________ B usiness office and sale s em ployees _____ C le rica l e m p lo y e e s ___________________________ Telephone operators --------------------------------------F orem en , telephone craftsm en _____________ Central office c r a fts m e n _____________________ Installation and exchange repair c r a f t s m e n __ ____________ _____________________ L ine, cable, and conduit craftsm en ________ Building, supplies, and m otor vehicle em ployees __________________________ L ab orers _______________________________________ Other em p loyees, not elsew here c l a s s i f ie d _____________________________________ 722. 5 699. 9 678. 7 669. 6 672. 5 694. 9 67. 54. 152. 199. 28. 69. 64. 52. 147. 193. 27. 65. 0 7 9 1 2 9 60. 9 5 1 .4 142. 5 189. 2 26. 1 63. 1 53. 52. 142. 188. 25. 62. 52. 51. 142. 196. 25. 59. 50. 49. 144. 216. 26. 58. 79- 6 39. 2 77. 7 38. 3 75. 1 37. 0 73. 2 38. 1 72. 0 38. 8 71. 2 43. 0 24. 9 .4 25. 4 .4 26. 0 .4 27. 2 . 5 27. 9 5 28. 8 . 5 2. 7 2. 3 2. 4 1 .4 1. 5 1. 7 Telegraph industry _______________________________ P ro fession a l and se m ip ro fe ssion a l p e r s o n n e l________________ _____ ____________ Office su p erin ten d en ts________________________ Sales e m p lo y e e s _________ ___________________ C le rica l em ployees ____________________ _____ Telegraph operators __________________________ Telephone operators -------------------------------------Construction, installation, and repair em ployees ___________________________ Building serv ice e m p lo y e e s _________________ M e s s e n g e r s ___________________________ _________ 30. 9 31. 6 32. 8 34. 9 36. 5 37. 6 1 .4 2. 6 . 5 7. 2 6. 1 1. 3 1. 2. . 7. 6. 1. 1. 2. . 7. 7. 1. 1. 2. . 8. 7. 1. 6. 9 . 6 4. 3 6. 9 . 6 4. 5 5 3 2 1 9 0 1 Industry totals include data not shown separately. SOURCE: See text, p. 12. 2 6 5 3 3 3 2 8 5 7 0 5 6. 5 . 7 5. 0 4 0 9 5 9 0 20. 3. 3. 2. 7. 3 . 7 2. 9 9 9 9 2 7 1 6 6 9 0 6 6 8 5 1 5 8 9 3 0 0 4 9 6 1 4 6 1. 4 3. 0 6 8. 5 8. 0 1. 8 1. 3. . 8. 8. 1. 7. 1 . 8 5. 1 6. 9 9 5. 6 6. 6 . 9 5. 9 4 1 6 7 7 9 Chapter 6. Employment in Engineering, Scientific, and Technical Occupations in Private Industry estimates of engineering employment. A l though the wholesale and retail trade and the finance, insurance, and real estate industries include large numbers of sm aller establish ments, employment of scientific and technical personnel is not important in these sectors. Some understatement of engineers and scien tists who are self-em ployed also appears to exist in a few of the service industries. 11 Beginning in the middle of the past dec ade, the Bureau of Labor Statistics conducted a series of employment surveys of scientists, engineers, and technicians in private indus try. The National Science Foundation6 spon sored the early surveys and presented infor mation on e m p l o y m e n t of scientists and engineers, the number in research and de velopment, and the costs of research and development. 7 Employment data were requested on persons working in each occu pation regardless of their educational back ground. Significant changes have been made in the industry and occupational detail presented. By 1964 the Am erican economy had been sub divided into about 60 i n d u s t r y categories. Some of the results of the 1961 through 1966 surveys are presented in this report. Tables 10 through 14 include occupational employment of engineers, nine scientific oc cupations, and seven technician occupations by i n d u s t r y . 8 The later occupationalindustry series are not exactly comparable to their pre-1961 counterparts, as a number of revisions and improvements have been made. Data by size of establishment and information about the numbers employed in sales, research, and other employment func tions were obtained also but not shown in this report. 8 National Science Foundation reports: Science and Engi neering in American Industry, Final Report on a 1953—54 Survey (October 1956), and 1956 Survey (November 1956); Scientific and Technical Personnel in Industry, 1960 (1961); S c i e n t i f i c and Technical Personnel in American Industry, Report on a 1959 Survey (1962); and U. S. Department of Labor's Employment of Scientific and Technical Personnel in Industry, 1962, BLS Bulletin 1418 (1964). 7 The Foundation's activities which gather information about expenditures for research and development have been expanded greatly and now constitute the subject of separate publications. For example, see Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other Scientific Activities, Fiscal Years 1965, 1966, and 1967 vol. X V , July 1966. Since expenditure decisions are made for forthcoming fiscal years, this may serve as a helpful guide to employment forecasting. The Foundation also has been compiling and publishing in formation upon the educational background, employment charac teristics, present and e x p e c t e d supply and demand, and the general status of scientific and technical personnel in the national economic and social context. The latest in a series of publica tions containing a broad range of information is Scientific and Technical Manpower Resources, Summary Information on Employ ment, Characteristics, Supply, and Training, November 1964. 8 A publication containing the 1961—66 data is in prepara tion. It will contain slightly more detailed industry and occupa tional patterns than are included in tables 10 through 14. Results of the 1967 survey have been received and are being tabulated. 9 See table 15 for a presentation of these cutoff points by industry. 10 The basic list of establishments is comprised of those reporting to State employment security agencies and of interstate railroads and related companies. These number over 2 million and include about four-fifths of the Nation's employed. From this list, all establishments below a minimum size which varies from industry to industry are excluded. Also excluded are those industries which employ negligible numbers of scientists, e. g. , farms; or which pose unusual sampling problems, e. g. , nonprofit institutions; or which are the subject of separate exhaustive studies, e. g. , education and hospitals. The remaining establishments— or sample frame— then are stratified by region, industry, and size of establishment. The surveyed establishments then are selected randomly from the sample frame. 11 These surveys account for about 95 percent of the engi neers, technicians, and scientists employment in private industry, where the latter is defined as the total excluding government, educational institutions, and nonprofit organizations. Sampling Procedures Prior to 1961 the sampling unit was a company. Companies not meeting the m ini mum e m p l o y m e n t specified— or "c u t-o ff" point— which varied from industry to industry were excluded from the survey. Beginning in 1961, because of many technical problems the individual establishment, rather than the company, was chosen as the sampling unit. 9 By 1962, the sample frame was increased to 350, 000 establishments from which emerged a sample of 15, 000. 101 For 1965 and later surveys the sample frame was increased to about 530, 000, the number of sampled establishments to 24, 000, and minor modifications were made in cut off points. The influence of excluded establishments is very strong in certain industries which include large numbers of very sm a ll-size establishments. In the contract construction industry this exclusion biases downward the 14 15 Starting with the 1965 survey, more than 80 industry categories were tabulated. In all cases the Bureau of the Budget's standard industrial classification (SIC) system is used. Except for engineers, greater occupational detail is now available. Data for seven engi neering occupations were obtained in the first survey, but now there exists only an "a ll engineers" occupational category. A survey in 1963 to explore the possibility of separate reporting by major branch of engineering revealed that many establishments would find it difficult to provide this information without a major increase in their work load. The number of s c i e n t i f i c occupations was in creased from 8 to 13, and the number of technician occupations from 1 "c a tc h -a ll" to 8 groupings. The magnitude of the sampling variabil ity, or relative standard error, of these occupational estimates has not been a sc e r tained in the 1961 and later surveys. How ever, estimates of the sampling variability in the January I960 data have been calculated and are presented in tables 16 and 17. 12 A l though these refer to company data, they are thought to be close approximations for most industries to corresponding standard errors which can be obtained from the data, com mencing in 1961, based upon establishment information. 12 See Scientific and Technical Personnel in Industry, 1960, 1961, National Science Foundation, Appendixes B andC for detailed presentation of the survey problems involved. 16 Table 10. Employment of Engineers, by Industry, as of January 1, 1961-66 (in thousands) SIC code Industry A ll industries --------------------------------- 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 775. 9 749. 1 720. 3 7 1 1 .7 671. 2 643. 2 0 7 -0 9 A gricu ltu re, fo r e s tr y , and fis h e r ie s ----- (*) (M (M 1 0 -1 4 Mining ---------------------------------------------------------- 17. 1 17. 3 17. 5 1 5 -1 7 Contract construction ------------------------------- 46. 7 42. 0 M anufacturing--------------------------------------------Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s -----------------Food and kindred p ro d u c ts ----------------T extile m ill p ro d u c ts --------------------------A pparel and other finished produ ctsL um ber and wood products ---------------Furniture and fixtures -----------------------P aper and allied p ro d u c ts -----------------Printing and publishing ----------------------Chem icals and allied products----------P etroleu m refining and related in d u s tr ie s-------------------------------------------Rubber and m iscellan eou s plastics products ----------------------------------------------Leather and leather products -----------Stone, clay , and g la ss p ro d u c ts ------P rim a ry m etal industries ----------------Fabricated m eta l products ---------------M achinery, except ele ctric a l ---------E le ctric a l m ach in ery, equipment, and supplies --------------------------------------Transportation equipm ent-----------------P ro fe ssio n a l, scie n tific, and controlling instrum ents; photo graphic and optical goods; watches and clo c k s-------------------------------------------Other manufacturing in d u stries1 2-------- 536. 0 5 1 .5 4 .9 3. 1 .6 . .8 1 .4 9. 7 1. 1 40. 6 519. 7 50. 6 4. 8 2 .9 . 5 .7 1. 3 9. 6 1. 1 38. 6 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 1 -4 7 48 49 5 0 -5 9 6 0 -6 7 7 0 -7 9 807 891 T ransportation, com m unications, and utilities ---------------------------------------------Railroad transportation-----------------------Other transportation se rv ice s ---------C om m unication------------------------------------E le c tric , g a s, and sanitary se rv ice s ----------------------------------------------- 9 .9 7. 8 . 5 8. 9 20. 5 2 7 .9 75. 1 (M n 17. 9 16. 5 17. 2 38. 8 38. 8 37. 5 36. 2 502. 4 47. 4 4. 8 502. 6 46. 2 5. 6 472. 1 41. 1 5. 5 450. 4 36. 2 5. 8 2. 9 (l ) 2. 7 L. D 3' 3 1 8 1 ,8 9. 3 .9 39. 3 T• A 1 D i1 . A 0 1 1. A 0 9. 5 .9 34. 6 9. 5 .9 33. 2 9.0 .8 32. 2 10. 1 10. 5 10. 3 10. 1 10. 0 7. . 8. 20. 26. 73. 6. . 8. 19. 24. 69. 6. . 8. 20. 24. 69. 5. . 8. 21. 23. 65. 8 4 4 1 9 3 5. 8 .4 8. 1 20. 5 2 3 .9 62. 3 5 l ] 2 5 4 0 2 5 6 4 3 4 8 3 1 4 5 3 7 6 135. 6 103. 4 132. 2 100. 5 129. 5 96. 7 133. 9 97. 3 122. 7 90. 5 117. 7 85. 9 t 29. 6 3. 2 2 7 .9 3. 1 26. 7 3. 4 26. 8 3. 8 25. 9 3. 5 24. 3 3. 3 51. 4. 4. 17. 50. 4. 4. 16. 4 6 .6 44. 8 44. 7 8#8 8. 3 8. 7 8. 8 13. 7 12. 9 12. 8 12. 5 6 1 3 1 8 1 4 8 j- . 43. 2 26. 1 25. 5 24. 1 23. 6 23. 2 2 1 .9 W holesale and retail t r a d e ---------------------- 23. 0 21. 6 20. 6 19. 2 18. 4 17. 7 Finan ce, insurance, and real e s ta t e ----- 4. 2 4. 0 3. 5 3. 1 3. 1 2. 5 S ervices ------------------------------------------------------H otel, p erson al, b u sin e ss, repair, am usem ent, recreation and legal -------------------------------- ----------------M edical and dental la b o r a to r ie s ------Engineering and architectural se rv ice s ----------------------------------------------- 97. 3 9 3 .7 9 0 .9 85. 3 78. 9 75. 7 36. 1 0) 35. 2 36. 8 . 1 35. 4 . 1 0 n (3 ) (3 ) 61. 2 58. 5 54. 0 49. 8 (3 ) (3) 1 L e ss than 50. 2 Includes SIC 21 tobacco m anufactures. 3 Not available. NO TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. SOURCE: P re lim in ary data from sam ple surveys conducted by the U .S . Departm ent of L ab or, Bureau of Labor S tatistics. Establishm ents below a minimum specified s iz e , determ ined separately for each m ajor industry group, w ere excluded from the su rvey. This exclusion does not significantly affect the above data. G overnm ents, uni v e r s itie s , and nonprofit organizations w ere not surveyed. 17 Table 11. Employment of Scientists, by Industry, as of January 1, 1961-66 (In thousands SIC code Industry A ll industries 0 7 -0 9 A gricu ltu re, fo re str y , and f i s h e r i e s ----- 1 0 -1 4 Mining 1 5 -1 7 Contract construction 39 M an u factru in g---------------------------------------------Ordnance and a c c e sso r ie s -----------------Food and kindred p ro d u c ts-----------------Textile m ill p ro d u cts---------------------------Apparel and other finished products — Lumber and wood p r o d u c ts ----------------Furniture and fixtures ------------------------Paper and allied p ro d u c ts-------------------Printing and p u b lish in g -----------------------Chem icals and allied p ro d u c ts-----------Petroleum refining and related in d u strie s------------------------------------------- — Rubber and m iscellan eou s p lastics p ro d u c ts-----------------------------------------------Leather and leather products ------------Stone, clay, and glass p ro d u c ts--------P rim a ry m etal in d u str ie s-------------------Fabricated m etal p ro d u c ts-----------------M achinery, except e le c t r ic a l ----------------------------- ---------------E le ctric a l m achinery, equipment and su p p lie s---------------------------------------- Transportation equipm ent-------------------P ro fe ssio n a l, scien tific, and controlling instrum ents; photo graphic and optical goods; watches and clocks -------------------------------------------Other manufacturing in d u strie s1 2 -------- 40 4 1 -4 7 48 49 Transportation, communication, and u tilit ie s ------------------------------------------------------Railroad tran sp ortation-----------------------Other transportation s e r v i c e s -----------Com m unication----------------------------------- — E le ctric , ga s, and sanitary 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 178. 6 169. 7 164. 9 159. 5 155. 3 150. 8 0. 4 0. 4 0. 4 0. 4 0. 4 0. 4 12. 0 11. 6 10. 9 10. 8 10. 8 10. 8 .4 .4 .3 . 3 . 2 o2 122. 3 7. 1 7. 2 119. 9 6. 6 7. 5 117. 8 5 .9 7. 0 116. 1 4. 4 7. 2 1. 3 1. 3 1. 3 130. 8. 6. 2. . . 1 3 9 1 3 2 124. 7. 7. 2. . . 6 7 2 0 3 2 } (M (M . 2 . 2 3. 8 . 2 53. 3 *2 4. 0 .4 51. 8 . 2 4. 1 . 2 57. 1 3. 8 . 3 49. 9 3. 8 . 2 49. 9 3. 6 . 2 50. 2 4. 0 4. 0 4. 3 4. 3 4. 2 4. 2 3. 3 . 2 1. 7 7. 3 2 .4 3. . 1. 7. 2. 3. . 1. 7. 2. 3. . 1. 8. 2. 2. . 1. 9. 2. 2. . 1. 9. 2. 6. 5 } 0 1 6 2 6 0 1 6 8 5 0 2 6 5 3 6 2 t> 2 1 6 2 5 8 1 6. 5 5. 5 5. 7 5. 2 4. 9 9 .2 8 .9 9. 2 8. 7 10. 0 9. 1 10. 3 8. 8 9 .4 8. 7 9. 0 9 .4 6. 0 1. 3 5 .4 1. 3 4. 8 1. 2 4. 6 1. 0 4. 5 1. 0 4. 2 1. 1 1. . . . 8 4 1 2 1. 8 .4 2. 0 1. 7 1. 6 1 .6 .5 .5 . 1 - 6 . 2 „5 . 1 . 1 . 1 1. 2 1. 2 1. 2 1. 1 1. 0 1. 0 } 5 0 -5 9 W holesale and retail tr a d e ------------------------ 8. 6 7. 9 6. 8 6. 7 6. 1 5. 6 6 0 -6 7 Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ------ 4. 8 4. 4 3. 8 3. 2 3. 2 2. 9 r v i c e s ------ ----------------------------------------------H otel, p erson al, b u sin ess, rep air, am usem ent, recreation and le g a l--------------------------------------------------M edical and dental la b o r a to r ie s----Engineering and architectural s e r v i c e s --------------------------------------------- 20. 5 18. 6 1 8 .4 16. 5 15. 2 13. 2 16. 2 1. 4 15. 0 1. 3 140 1 1. 2 13. 1 1. 1 (3 *) (3 ) (3 ) (3 ) 2 .9 2. 2 3. 1 2. 3 (3 ) (3 ) 7 0 -7 9 81 807 891 1 L ess than 5 0 o 2 Includes SIC 21 tobacco m anufactures. 3 Not available„ N O TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual item s m ay not equal totals. SOURCE: P relim in ary data from sam ple surveys conducted by the U. S. Department of L abor, Bureau of Labor S tatistics. E stablishm ents below a m inim um specified siz e , determined separately for each m a jo r industry group, were excluded from the survey. This exclusion does not significantly affect the above data. Governm ents, uni v e r sitie s , and nonprofit organizations were not surveyed. Table 12. Employment of Technicians, by Industry, as of January 1, 1961-66 (In thousands) SIC code 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 A ll industries ----------------------------------- 673. 2 645. 3 638. 7 623. 8 594. 6 555. 1 0 7 -0 9 A gricu ltu re, fo re str y , and fis h e r ie s------ 1 .0 1 .0 1 .5 2. 0 2. 1 1 .8 10-14 M ining------------------------------------------------------------ 10. 2 10. 2 11. 3 1 1 .2 11. 2 11. 1 1 5-17 Contract construction--------------------------------- 30. 2 25. 7 28. 8 27. 8 26. 2 26. 0 380. 2 19. 0 4. 2 2. 4 . 1 . 7 1 .5 6. 0 . 7 38. 3 366. 9 19. 1 4. 1 2. 2 . 1 .6 1 .4 6. 0 . 6 36. 7 369. 4 19. 2 4. 7 2. 5 .2 .9 1 .8 6. 3 1 .0 3 7 .9 370. 1 19. 3 4. 0 2. 6 .2 1 .0 1 .4 6. 3 .8 36. 9 355. 4 18. 2 3. 9 329. 2 16. 9 3. 2 | 2 .8 2. 5 1 / 2 4 *4 6. 2 .8 35. 5 5. 6 .9 35. 6 5. 8 5. 7 4. 6 4. 7 5. 8 5. 4 5 4 5. 4 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Industry Manufacturing----------------------------------------------Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ------------------Food and kindred products-------------------Textile m ill p ro d u c ts---------------------------A pparel and other finished produ cts-Lumber and wood products-----------------Furniture and fixtu re s-------------------------Paper and allied p ro d u c ts-------------------Printing and publishing------------------------Chem ical and allied products-------------Petroleum refining and related in d u str ie s--------------------------------------------Rubber and m iscellan eou s plastics p ro d u c ts-----------------------------------------------Leather and leather p roducts-------------Stone, clay, and glass p ro d u c ts--------P rim a ry m etal in d u s tr ie s -------------------Fabricated m etal p ro d u c ts-----------------M achinery, except e le c tric a l-------------E lectrical m achinery, equipment, and su p p lie s ----------------------------------------Transportation equipm ent-------------------P ro fe ssion a l, scien tific, and controlling instrum ents; photo graphs and optical goods; watches and clock s---------------------------------------------Other manufacturing industries Transportation, communication, and u tilitie s ------------------------------------------------------40 Railroad tran sp ortation -----------------------4 1 -4 7 Other transportation s e r v ic e s ------------48 C om m unication--------------------------------------E le ctric , ga s, and sanitary 49 s e r v ic e s ------------------------------------------------ 4 .9 .3 5. 6 17. 6 24. 7 67. 4 5. . 5. 17. 24. 65. 0 3 6 4 7 5 4. 7 .4 5. 8 17. 3 2 5 .4 64. 9 4 .9 .3 5. 7 16. 5 25. 3 6 1 .7 9 9 .5 5 8 .4 9 2 .9 5 6 .9 9 3 .4 55. 9 20. 2 3. 0 19. 3 2. 9 5 8 .4 4. 7 2. 1 31. 7 56. 4. 2. 30. 1 i 2. 0 5 .4 18. 1 25. 8 57. 9 5. 15. 23. 53. 1 9 3 8 98. 8 55. 3 92. 6 51. 2 84. 1 47. 8 18. 7 3. 8 20. 6 3. 8 20. 0 3. 4 18. 5 3. 2 9 5 1 6 57. 9 55. 6 54. 3 52. 3 6. 5 6. 0 6. 0 6. 2 3 1 .3 30. 7 30. 4 29. 8 19. 8 19. 6 20. 1 18. 9 1 7 .9 16. 3 50-59 W holesale and retail trade ---------------------- 31. 2 28. 9 25. 8 23. 2 21. 6 22. 9 6 0 -6 7 Finance, insurance, and real e s ta te ------ 5. 8 5. 2 4. 6 4. 6 4. 4 4. 2 Services -------------------------------------------------------Hotel, p erson al, b u sin e ss, rep air, am usem ent, recreation , and le g a l------------------------------------------------------M edical and dental la b o r a to r ie s --------Engineering and architectural serv ices ------------------------------------------------ 156. 2 150. 5 139. 7 129. 2 1 1 9 .4 107. 6 3 9 .9 18. 5 39. 6 18. 6 4 0. 3 18. 7 39. 7 16. 2 0 (1 2) (?) (2) 97. 8 9 2 .3 80. 6 73. 2 (2) (2 ) 70-79, 81 807 891 1 Includes SIC 21 tobacco m anufactures. 2 Not available. NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. SOURCE: P relim in ary data from sam ple surveys conducted by the U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor S tatistics. Establishm ents below a minim um specified siz e , determined separately for each m ajor industry group, were excluded from the survey. This exclusion does not significantly affect the above data. Governm ents, uni v e r s itie s , and nonprofit organizations were not surveyed. 19 Table 13. SIC code Employment of Scientists, by Occupation and Industry, as of January 1, 1966 (in thousands) A g r i M athe B io lo C hem G e o lo Total cult m a ti ical gists gists ural cal Industry 178. 7 4. 9 9. 1 ___ 0 .4 0. 4 (*) (1 2) 10-14 M in in g ___________________________________ 12. 0 . 1 (M 0. 8 A ll industries ___________________ 0 7 -0 9 A gricu ltu re, fo re str y , and fis h e r ie s _____________________ .4 1 5-17 Contract co n stru ctio n _________________ 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 M an u factu rin g______________ ________ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ____ _____ Food and kindred products ________ Textile m ill products ------- ---------Apparel and other finished products _____________________ ______ Lumber and wood p r o d u c ts_______ Furniture and f ix t u r e s _____________ Paper and allied products ________ Printing and p u b lish in g____________ Chem icals and allied products ___ P etroleum refining and related in d u s tr ie s _______ - --- .------Rubber and m iscellan eou s p la stics p ro d u c ts _________________ Leather and leather p r o d u c ts _____ Stone, clay, and g la ss p r o d u c ts ___ P rim a ry m etal in d u s tr ie s _______ Fabricated m etal products _______ M achinery, except e le c t r ic a l ------E le ctric a l m achinery, equipment, and s u p p lie s _________ Transportation equipment ________ P ro fe ssion a l, scien tific, and controlling instrum ents; photo graphic and optical goods; watches and clocks _______________ Other manufacturing in d u stries3 (M (2) 130. 1 8 .4 6. 9 2. 1 3. 0 n 1. 2 ( 2) 7 .4 .2 .7 (M .3 . 2 (J) 4. 1 . 2 57. 1 ( 2) . 1 (2) .6 (*) 1. 0 (?) 1 ( 2) ( ) ( 2) 6. 2 4. 0 (*) 3. 3 . 2 1. 7 7. 3 2. 4 6. 5 i 1) 1 5 3 7 . 3 . 1 10. 9 27. 3 4. 3 (2) (l ) (2) (2) (2) 10. 5 0. 2 (2) 0. 3 (*) (2) (*) 9. 9 . 5 (*) (2) . 1 .8 . 2 (?) .3 15. 3. . . 3 1 1 3 2. 9 (?) ( ) (*) (2) (2) (2) (?) 15. 1 8. 8 n 0. 1 (') (2) 10. 9 2. 4 (?) (*) 6. 7 .4 .6 . 1 (?) ( ) (2) . 1 (! ) 2. 0 (*) . 1 (2) .4 (M 2. 8 (M 2. 6 . 2 40. 2 . 3 . 1 1. 3 2. 6 (2) ( ) (?) (?) (l ) . 7 (*) 3. 3 . i . 2 (2) (M .2 . 1 (?) () () (*) . i C) ( 2) (?) (*) ( ') . 1 2. . 1. 2. . 1. (l ) (2) . i . i (*) (2) (2) ( ) ( ) ( ') (M (M . i 4. 5 . 6 1. 1 . 1 (2) . 1 ( ') . 2 .7 .3 (2) . 1 . 1 .2 . 1 9. 2 8. 9 (?) (*) . 6 1. 6 2. 5 1 .4 .8 .3 6. 0 1. 3 1. 8 .4 . 1 . 2 (?) (l ) 9 1 2 2 8 7 (*) i1) (?) (M . i . 3 . 5 2. 7 . 1 . 1 2. 6 2. 2 (?) (*) 2. 5 3. 3 (?) (*) (?) (*) . 1 (‘ ) 4. 1 1. 1 0 ( 2) . 2 . 1 (*) . 1 ( ') 1. 0 . 1 . 2 (*) ( 2) ( 2) (?) (*) ( 2) ( 2) . 5 . 1 (M . i 0 ( ) 0 (2) ( ') (*) ( 2) (M (*) ( ) ( ') ( ') ( ') (M 1. 2 . 1 5 0 -5 9 W h olesale and retail trade ___________ 8. 6 . 6 S ervices -------------------------------------------------Hotel, p erson al, bu sin ess, 7 0 -7 9 , am usem ent, recreation , 81 and legal ___________________________ M edical and dental la b o ra to r ie s __ 807 Engineering and architectural 891 se rv ice s ___________________________ (M 73. 1. 4. 1. 13. 8 M e ta l P h y si lu rg i Other cal cal (?) 1 (?) (?) t1) . i Transportation, com m unication, and utilities ____________________________ Railroad transportation ___________ 40 Other transportation s e r v i c e s ____ 4 1 -4 7 Communication _____________________ 48 E le c tric , g a s, and sanitary 49 se rv ice s ___________________________ 6 0 -6 7 Finance, insurance, and real estate ____________________________ 84. 5 M e d i cal .3 . 6 . 1 (?) (M .4 (?) (*) (2) . 5 .3 . 2 4. 0 .2 1. 8 . 1 . 1 . l (*) . 1 (2) (M i 1) . 2 1. 2 (J) 4. 8 . 1 (M (*) . 1 (2) ( 2) . 6 1. 3 6. 0 (*) 2. 0 4. 6 20. 5 4. 5 1. 1 . 5 4. 0 16. 2 1 .4 . 6 (2) .3 .9 5. 2 . 3 1. 3 (2) 3. 7 n 1. 0 . 1 .4 (2) 3. 3 (2) 2. 9 (*) . 1 .4 .6 . 8 . 1 .6 (*) .3 i 1) . 6 .3 (l ) .3 1 L e ss than 50. 2 Not available. 3 Includes SIC 21 tobacco m anufactures. NO TE: Because of rounding, sum s of individual item s may not equal totals. SOURCE: P relim in ary data from sam ple surveys conducted by the U. S. Departm ent of L ab or, Bureau of Labor S tatistics. Establishm ents below a m inim um specified size determined separately for each m a jo r industry group, were excluded from the survey. This exclusion does not significantly affect the above data. G overnm ents, univer sitie s , and nonprofit organizations w ere not surveyed. 20 T a b le 14. E m ploym en t of T ech n ician s, by O c cu p a tio n and Ind ustry, a s o f J a n u a r y 1, 1 966 (in t hous an ds) SIC code Total Industry A ll industries _________________ 0 7 -0 9 A gricu ltu re, fo re stry , and f i s h e r i e s _________ — --------------------- 10- 14 M in in g ________________________ _______ Contract co n stru ctio n ---------- ---------- 1 5-17 M an u factu rin g_________________________ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ---------Food and kindred products ______ Textile m ill products ____________ Apparel and other finished products _________________________ Lumber and wood p ro d u c ts ______ Furniture and fixtures ___________ Paper and allied products ______ Printing and p u b lish in g__________ C hem icals and allied products — P etroleum refining and related in d u s tr ie s _______________ Rubber and m iscellan eou s p lastics products ----------------------Leather and leather p r o d u c ts ----Stone, clay, and glass products _________________________ P rim a ry m etal in d u s tr ie s ______ F abricated m etal products ______ M achinery, except e le c t r ic a l----E le ctric a l m achinery, equipment, and supplies ______ Transportation equipment _______ P ro fe ssion a l, scien tific, and controlling instrum ents; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks -------------------Other manufacturing industries 3 ---------------------------------- 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 1 -4 7 48 49 W holesale and retail trade _________ 6 0 -6 7 Finance, insurance, and real estate _____________________ 807 891 244. 6 Survey ors 26. 6 Other E le c trical engineer ing and and physical e le c science tronic 150, 3 B ioiogM edical Other ical and and life a g ric u l dental s cienc e tural 149. 5 6. 3 22. 1 73. 7 1. 0 l 1) (1 2) (M (2) 0. 6 (*) .4 10. 2 3. 7 1. 6 1. 0 2. 0 (’ ) (*) 1. 8 18. 3 3. 1 30. 2 380. 19. 4. 2. 2 0 2 4 . . 1. 6. . 38. Transportation, communication, and u t i lit ie s _____________ __________ Railroad transportation _________ Other transportation s e r v i c e s __ Communication ___________________ E le c tric , g a s, and sanitary se rv ice s _________________________ 5 0 -5 9 7 0 -7 9 , 81 673. 2 D r a fts men i! ) 1.1 (*) (*) (2) (M (M n i1) .4 . 1 1. 3 (M . 1 . 1 3. 2 . 1 23. 1 (0 (*) (2) . 1 ( ') 3. 2 (2) (2) (2) (') (*) .4 . 1. . 6. . 7 (M . 3 3. 2 T (M 1. 6 1. 3 . 1 (2) (2) . 2 (2) 2. 5 . 2 (*) ( ') (M (2) i 1) 7 2 4 1 T (h (M . i C) . i 46. 6 9. 7 16. 1 23. 9 . i ( ') . i . i 8 .4 4, 2 i 1) 5. 6 4. 4 . i . 2 3. 8 .4 1. 2 . i (2) .3 3 8 1 5 (*) (2) (2) (2) (*) (! ) (’ ) (2) 6. 0 . 6 .4 2. 9 1 7 5 0 7 3 ( 2) .4 1. 3 1. 2 . 3 3. 7 (M . i (2) . i 5. 8 4. 9 . 3 (M . 3 . 1 . 2 99. 5 5 8 .4 27. 6 20. 5 . 6 . 1 20. 2 6. 0 3. 0 1. 0 (2) 9. 1. . 1. 2. . . . 4 7 1 7 2. 4. 16. 35. i 1) 4 7 6 6 58. 4. 2. 31. 3. 2 (2) 1. 6 (M (M (2) 6 6 7 4 1. 0 4. 7 . 2 . 7 ( ') 5 2 6 3 5. 17. 24. 67. 4. 6 4 9 2 8 128. 4. . . 7 8 3 1 7 8 4 2 88. 8. . . . 1. . 11. 26. . . 19. 7 7 3 3 4 8 9 6 5 7 9 1 112. 4. 1. . 1. 7. 5. 13. 13. . . 8. (*) (M 4 3. 1. 1. 1. 3 0 4 0 . 1 (') 1 0 2 5 .9 1. 3. 1. 6. 0 6 5 8 19. 8 6. 4 1. 4 5. 9 3. 9 (*) n 2. 2 31. 2 5. 0 l 1) 15. 2 3. 1 (*) 4. 2 3. 6 ___ 5. 8 .4 (2) . 2 . 9 (2) . 1 4. 2 S ervices _______________ _____ _______ Hotel, person al, bu sin ess, am usem ent, recreation, and l e g a l _________________________ M edical and dental laboratories _____________________ Engineering and architectural serv ices _________________________ 156. 2 78. 9 17. 6 14. 2 16. 8 1. 0 16. 7 11. 2 39. 9 10. 7 . 8 10. 2 12. 2 . 8 C) 5. 2 18. 5 i 1) (2) (M n . 1 16. 7 1. 7 97. 8 68. 1 16. 8 4. 0 4. 5 . 1 (M 4. 3 1 L e s s than 50. 2 Not a v a i l a b l e . 3 I n c lu d e s SIC 21 NOTE: to b a c c o m anufactures. B e c a u s e o f r o u n d in g , su m s of in d iv id u al i t e m s m a y not eq u al t o ta ls . SOURCE: P r e l i m i n a r y data f r o m s a m p l e s u r v e y s c o n d u c t e d by the U. S. D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r , B u r e a u o f L a b o r Sta tistics. E sta b lish m en ts b elow a m in im u m sp e c ifie d s iz e , d eterm in ed s e p a ra te ly for each m a jo r industry group, w e r e e x c lu d e d f r o m the s u r v e y . T his e x c l u s i o n d o e s not s i g n i f i c a n t ly a f f e c t the a b o v e data. G o v e r n m e n t s , u n i v e r s i t i e s , and n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s w e r e not s u r v e y e d . 21 Table 15. Minimum E m p lo ym en t1 Size of Establishm ents, by Industry, Covered by the 1 96 1 -6 6 Surveys SIC code 1 9 6 1 -6 4 1 9 6 5 -6 6 fo re stry , and fish erie s -------- 50 10 Anthracite, bituminous, and lig n ite ----Crude petroleum and natural g a s ----------Nonm etallic m in era ls, except f u e l s ------ 10 10 1 10 10 10 4 10 10 4 1 10 10 50 10 50 50 10 4 10 50 50 100 50 50 10 100 4 10 Industry A griculture, 0 7 -0 9 1010 14 Mining: 11- 12 13 14 1 5-17 Contract construction 39 M anufacturing: Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s --------------------------------------------Food and kindred p ro d u c ts--------------------------------------------Tobacco m anufactures------- -------------------------------------------Textile m ill products------------------------------------------------------Apparel and other finished p roducts---------------------------Lumber and wood products-------------------------------------------Furniture and fix tu re s----------------------------------------------------Paper and allied products---------------------------------------*-------Printing and publishing -------------------------------------------------Chem icals and allied products--------------------------------------P etroleum refining and related ind u stries-----------------Rubber and m iscellan eou s p la stics products -----------Leather and leather products --------------------------------------Stone, clay, and g la ss products------------------------------------P rim a ry m etal in d u stries--------------------------------------------Fabricated m etal p ro d u c ts--------------------------------------------M achinery, except e le c t r i c a l --------------------------------------E le ctric a l m achinery, equipment, and su p p lie s------Transportation equipment --------------------------------------------P ro fession a l, scien tific, and controlling instru m ents; photographic and optical goods; watches and c lo c k s -----------------------------------------------------------------------M iscellan eou s manufacturing in d u str ie s--------------------- 40 4 1 -4 7 48 49 Transportation, communication, and utilities: Railroad tran sp ortation -------------------------------------------------------Other transportation s e r v ic e s ---------------------------------------------Communication ---------------------------------------------------------------------E le ctric , gas, and sanitary s e r v ic e s -------------------------------- 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 10 1 1 10 10 1 1 1 50 4 4 4 1 4 4 1 10 4 10 100 1 1 1 50 50 4 4 10 10 1 1 5 0 -5 9 W h olesale and retail t r a d e ----------------- 50 10 6 0 -6 7 Finan ce, in surance, and real estate- 50 50 1 1 1 1 1 1 739 807 891 7 0 -7 9 (excl. 739), 81 S e r v ic e s : C o m m ercial labo ra tories; bu siness and management consulting s e r v ic e s ---------------------------------------------------------M edical and dental laboratories--------------------------------------Engineering and architectural serv ices------------------------- 50 Other serv ices 100 1 Slightly different m inim um employment siz e s may apply to som e secto rs within m ajor industry groups. SOURCE: 1 9 6 1 -6 4 Em ploym ent Bulletin 1418, p. 7 3 . of Scientific and Technical P ersonnel in Industry, 1 9 6 2 , BLS 1 9 6 5 -6 6 Bureau of Labor S ta tistic s, unpublished data. 22 T a b le 16. R e la t iv e S ta nd ar d E r r o r s f o r S c ie n t is t s and E n g i n e e r s , and f o r T e c h n i c i a n s , by I n d u s tr y , J a n u a ry I960 ( In p e r c e n t ) S c i e n t is t s and engineer s Technicians C o n s t r u c t i o n ----------- 1Z 26 F o o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s ----------- ----------------------- ------- — T e x t i l e m i l l p r o d u c t s and a p p a r e l ------- ------------------- — P a p e r and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ------------------------— —-------------C h e m i c a l s and a l l i e d p r o d u c t s ------- — -----------------------— P e t r o l e u m p r o d u c t s and e x t r a c t i o n — — —--------------- -Stone, c la y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s ----------------------------- -— P r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s ---------------------------- —— — ~~— F a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s a n d /o r o r d n a n c e ---------M a c h i n e r y , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l — ----------- ------- —-----------E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t --------- -— ■ ---- — -------M o t o r v e h i c l e s and e q u i p m e n t ———-—-------------- ---------— A i r c r a f t and p a r t s ------------------------------------- —------------- — P r o f e s s io n a l and s c i e n t i f i c i n s t r u m e n t s —-----------------Other m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s — —— —— ---- ■— —- 8 17 7 2 5 8 3 13 3 5 1 1 8 7 14 22 15 4 8 11 3 16 4 5 1 1 13 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and other p u b lic u t ilit ie s 5 18 Other n o n m a n u fa c t u r in g i n d u s t r i e s — 6 10 I nd ustr y A ll industries S O U R C E : S c i e n t if i c and T e c h n i c a l P e r s o n n e l in I nd ustr y da tio n, p. 45. I960, 21 1961, National S c i e n c e T a b le 17. R e l a t i v e Sta nd ard E r r o r s f o r E n g i n e e r s , S c i e n t i s t s , and T e c h n i c i a n s , A l l I n d u s t r i e s , J a n u a r v I960 O c c u p a t io n E ngineers S cien tis ts: C h e m i s t s -------------------- ------- ----P h y s i c i s t s ------------------ ----- — Me ta llur g i s t s — ----------- —— — G e o l o g i s t s and g e o p h y s i c is t s M a t h e m a t i c i a n s -— — -------------M e d i c a l s c i e n t i s t s ------ —------A g r i c u l t u r a l s c i e n t i s t s - ---------B i o l o g i c a l s c i e n t i s t s -----------— Other s c i e n t i s t s ---- ----------------T e c h n i c i a n s ---------------------— —— ------ ------ --------------D r a f t s m e n ---------- ------—-------------- — -------- —--------E n g i n e e r i n g and p h y s i c a l s c i e n c e ------- ----------M e d i c a l , a g r i c u l t u r a l , and b i o l o g i c a l ---------A l l o t h e r ------- —----- ---------------------- -----— —------------ P ercent 2 3 4 6 7 5 8 9 7 9 3 3 3 8 6 SO U R C E : S c i e n t if i c and T ech nical. P e r s o n n e l in I n d u s t r y , I 9 6 0 , 1961, Nat ion al S c i e n c e F oun dation, p. 46. Foun Chapter 7. Employment of Engineers, Scientists, and Technicians by Universities and Colleges, and by Scientific and Research Nonprofit Organizations The National Science Foundation has con ducted two surveys in which e m p l o y m e n t information for scientific and technical p er sonnel was r e q u e s t e d from almost 2, 000 institutions of higher education. These in cluded universities, colleges, agricultural experiment stations, medical schools, and Federally Funded Research and Development Centers. These centers are research and development organizations administered on a contractual basis by educational institutions but financed exclusively or substantially by the Federal Government. Estimates were made for nonrespondents who generally had sm all science and engineering programs so that these surveys represent, substantially, the national total. Some of the results appear in tables 18 through 20 which present employ ment by universities and colleges of engineers and scientists in 1961 and 1965 and of tech nicians in 1965. In a recent publication, 13 the Foundation has evaluated the supply and demand factors which influence the number of scientists and engineers engaged in teaching and research in institutions of higher education and has estimated their annual staffing requirements through 197 5. 23 A survey of scientists, engineers, and technicians in independent nonprofit institu tions also has been made by the National Science Foundation. 14 This survey included organizations financ ing or performing research and development or disseminating scientific and technical in formation. These groups are characterized by a large number of small units and pose special sampling problems. Employment of engineers, scientists, and technicians by these institutions in 1965 is presented in table 21. Excluded from the survey were voluntary non profit hospitals and health agencies. 13 Science and Engineering Staff in Universities and Colleges, 1965—75, May 1967, National Science Foundation. 14 Scientific Activities of Nonprofit Institutions— 1964 Ex penditures and January 1965 Manpower, 1967. National Science Foundation. 24 Table 18. Employment of Engineers and Scientists, by Universities and Colleges, March 1961 (In thousands) P a rt-tim e F u ll-tim e F ield of employment Total Faculty 1 Other 1 2 Total 3 Faculty 1 Other 3 E n g in e e rs ---------------------------------------------Aeronautical and astronautical — A gricu ltu ral ----------------------------------Chem ical ----------------------------------------Civil ------------------------------------------------E le c t r ic a l----------------------------------------M echanical -------------------------------------M etallu rgical----------------------------------Other engineers ------------------------------ 18. . . 1. 2. 5. 4. . 3. 6 9 7 3 6 3 3 6 0 12. . . . 2. 2. 2. . 2. 6 4 6 9 2 8 7 4 5 6. . . . . 2. 1. . . 0 4 1 4 3 5 6 2 5 8. . . 1. 1. 2. 1. . 1. 7 4 1 1 3 1 7 4 6 3. 0 . 1 ( 45 ) 8 7 6 . 1 .4 . 9 . 7 . 1 . 7 5. . . 1. . 1. 1. . . 7 3 1 0 9 3 0 4 9 P hysical s c ie n tis ts -----------------------------Chem ists ----------------------------------------Earth s c ie n tis ts -----------------------------P h ysicists and a s t r o n o m e r s -------M athematicians -----------------------------Other physical s c ie n tis ts -------------- 30. 9. 2. 8. 9. . 0 3 3 3 5 6 22. 6. 1. 5. 8. . 1 7 8 1 2 4 7. 2. . 3. 1. . 9 6 5 2 4 2 19. 6. 1. 5. 5. . 1 5 6 4 3 3 4. 6 •9 . 2 1. 1 2. 3 . 1 14. 5. 1. 4. 3. . 5 6 4 3 0 2 Life s c ie n tis ts -------------------------------------A gricu ltu ral scien tists 5 -------------B iological scien tists 6 ------------------M edical scien tists 7 ---------------------- 42. 6. 21. 14. 6 5 3 8 30. 5. 16. 8. 0 3 3 4 12. 1. 5. 6. 6 2 0 4 20. 2. 9. 8. 6 3 8 6 8. . 2. 5. 12. 2. 7. 2. 5 1 6 8 P sych ologists -------------------------------------Social sc ie n tis ts----------------------------------E c o n o m is ts-------------------------------------S ociolog ists-------------------------------------P olitical s c ie n tis ts -----------------------Other social scien tists 8 -------------- 5. 3 18. 5. 3. 2. 7. 5 5 1 6 3 4. 8 17. 5. 2. 2. 7. 7 2 9 5 0 1 2 2 8 .4 3. 9 1. 6 2. 3 . . . . . 8. 2. 1. 1. 3. 3. 1. . . 1. 4. 1. . . 1. 8 3 1 1 3 4 7 5 2 1 6 1 8 5 3 8 6 7 7 8 1 P rim a rily in teaching. 2 P rim a rily in re se a rch and development, adm inistrative, and other nonteaching functions. Includes all fu ll-tim e graduate students. They are not separated by function. 3 Includes a ll p a rt-tim e graduate students. They are not separated by function. 4 L e ss then 50. 5 Includes com m odity related agricultural scientists. 6 Includes anatom ists, bioch em ists, m ic ro b io lo g ists, pathologists, p harm acologists, p hysiologists, biologists, botanists, entom ologists, zoo lo gists, and other life scien tists. 7 Includes clin ical m edical scientists and other clinical scien tists. 8 Includes geograph ers, historians, and other social scien tists. N O TE: SOURCE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. Scientists and Engineers in C olleges and U n iversities, 1961, D ecem ber 1961, National Science Foundation. 25 T a b l e 19- E m p lo y m e n t of E n g in e e r s and S c ie n tis ts, by U n iv e r s it ie s and C o ll e g e s , J a n u a r y 1965 1 (In thousands) F u ll-tim e P a rt-tim e 1 2 Field of employment Total Teaching Other 3 Total T eaching Other 4 Engineer s --------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------A e r o n a u tic a l----------------■ Chemical ---------------------------------------------------- ------Civil ---------------- -—----------------------------------------------E le c t r ic a l----------------------------------------------------------M e c h a n ic a l----------- ------------ -------------------------------In d u s tria l----------- ----------------------------------------------Other e n g in e e rs------------------------------------------------ 22. 1. 1. 2. 6. 4. 1. 4. 9 1 6 8 7 7 0 9 13. . 1. 2. 3. 2. . 2. 2 6 0 2 2 9 8 6 9. . . . 3. 1. . 2. 7 6 6 6 5 8 3 3 14. . 1. 2. 3. 2. . 3. 5 9 6 0 7 4 6 3 7. . . . 2. 1. . 1. 1 4 7 9 1 5 4 2 7. . 1. 1. 1. . . 2. 4 6 0 0 6 9 1 1 Physical s c ie n tis ts --------------------- -— ---------------------Chem ists ----------------------------------------------------------Earth s c ie n tis ts -----------------------------------------------P h y s ic is ts ----------------------------------------- *----------------Mathematicians — ------------- -— -------------------------Other phy sical s c ie n tis ts -------------------------------- 38. 7 J 1. 0 3. 7 10. 4 1 1 .9 1. 8 26. 7. 2. 6. 10. . 6 3 7 0 0 7 12. 3. 1. 4. 1. 1. 1 7 0 4 9 1 29. 9. 2. 8. 7. 1. 4 9 8 1 7 0 18. 5. 1. 4. 6. . 2 8 6 1 4 3 11. 4. 1. 4. 1. . 2 2 1 0 3 7 Life s c ie n tis ts -------------------- -----------------------------------A gricu ltu ral scientists ----------------------------------B iological s c ie n tis ts ---------------------------------------M edical Scientists ------------------------- ---------------- - 63. 13. 21. 29. 4 4 0 0 29. 3 2 .9 12. 7 13. 7 34. 10. 8. 15. 1 5 3 3 38. 5. 12. 20. 0 0 4 6 20. 2 1 .0 6. 7 12. 5 17. 4. 5. 8. 8 0 7 1 7. 1 5. 7 5. 7 3. 7 P sychologists -------------------------------------------------------Social s cie n tists----------- —--------------------------------------E c o n o m is ts -------------------------------------------------------Sociologists ------- --------- ------------------------------------P olitical s c ie n tis ts ------------------------------------------Other social scien tists ----------------------------------Other scien tists™ n ot s p e c ifie d ------- —-------------— 26. 6. 4. 4. 10. 6 4 9 9 4 .9 22. 5. 4. 4. 9. 9 1 3 5 0 . 5 1. 3 3. 1. . . 1. 6 3 5 4 4 . 4 14. 3. 3. 2. 5. 3 7 0 3 3 . 2 10. 2. 2. 1. 4. 8 6 2 9 2 . 1 2. 1 3. 1. . . 1. 4 1 8 4 1 . 1 1 Includes employment in F ed era lly Funded R esearch and Development Centers adm inistered by u n iver sities and co lle g e s. These centers accounted for alm ost 5 percent of em ploym ent and w ere alm o st exclusively involved in re se arch and development. 2 Graduate students accounted for slightly m ore than one-half of all p a rt-tim e em ployees and w ere concen trated in the physical scien ces occupations. Other p a rt-tim e em ployees were concentrated in the life sciences occupations. 3 Includes adm inistrative and other functions. Over 70 percent w ere involved with re se a rch and development functions. L e ss than 20 percent w ere employed in the F ederally Funded R esearch and Development Centers. 4 Includes adm inistrative and other functions. A lm o st all w ere employed by the universities and co lle g e s, and over 85 percent w ere involved with re se a rch and development functions. N O TE : SOURCE: Because of rounding, sums of individual item s may not equal totals. Unpublished survey data com piled by the National Science Foundation. 26 Table 20. Employment of Technicians, by Universities and Colleges, January 1965 (In thousands) Field of employment Total --------------------------------------------------Engineering and physical science ---------Life science -----------------------------------------------Social science --------------------------------------------Other -------------------------------------------------------------- Total R esearch and development Other activities 47. 0 36. 2 10. 8 16. 26. 1. 3. 14. 19. 1. 2. 0 1 2 7 1 0 0 1 1. 7. . 1. 9 1 2 6 1 Includes employment in F ed era lly Funded R esearch and Development Centers m an aged e xclu siv ely or p rim a rily by universities and c o lle g e s. T hese Centers accounted for le s s than 20 percent of employment and were engaged alm ost exclusively in re se arch and development. SOURCE: Unpublished survey data com piled by the National Science Foundation. Table 21. Em ploym ent of E n g in e e rs, S cientists, and Technicians by Independent Nonprofit Institutions, January 1965^ (In thousands) Field of employment Em ploym ent 2 E n g in e e rs ------- ---------------------------------------------P hysical s c ie n tis ts ------------------------------------M athematicians ------------------------------------------Life s c ie n tis ts --------------------------------------------P sych ologists --------------------------------------------Social s c ie n tists------------------------------------------ 4. 4. 1. 5. . 1. 8 0 6 0 8 8 Technicians 3------------------------------------------------ 6. 9 1 Includes independent research institutes and op e r ating foundations, F ederally Funded R esea rch and D evelop ment Centers adm inistered bynonprofit institutions, private philanthropic foundations, p rofession al and technical s o c i e tie s, academ ies of scien ce, science m u se u m s, botanical garden s, zoological parks, and other nonprofit organiza tions . 2 F u ll-tim e plus p art-tim e w ork ers. A lm o st 90 percent were involved in research and development. 3 Includes engineering and physical scien ce, life scien ce, psychology, social scien ce, and other science technicians. SOURCE: Scientific A ctiv ities of Nonprofit Institutions— 1964 Expenditures and January 1965 M anp ow er, 1967 National Science Foundation. Chapter 8. Occupational Employment in Federal, State, and Local Governments Federal Government State and Local Governments Relatively current Federal Government occupational employment data are presented in the Civil Service C om m ission^ publication Current Federal Work Force Data. 15 This semiannual publication contains total governments employment excluding the Post O ffice,16 the Central Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Agency, as of June 30, and of December 31. However, no detailed information is reported on occupational and other employment characteristics by agency. The end-of-year figures are population data and represent an actual count of all Federal employees. The midyear data are estimates obtained from a 10-percent sample of each occupation series' employment. Table 22 shows data for 157 occupational series, each employing at least 1,000 persons during D ec ember 31, 1964, t h r o u g h June 30, 1966. Based on current and expected trends in Federal agency program s, 4-y ea r projections of employment in these 157 occupations are presented in the Com m ission's annual publi cation Federal Work Force Outlook. 17 Comprehensive o c c u p a t i o n a l data, by Federal agency, are collected and tabulated annually. In the Com m ission's latest publi cation containing information on professional, technical, clerical, and related workers. Q ccupations of Federal W hite-Collar W orkers, October 31, 1961, statistics are presented for over 500 occupational series for each of 21 agencies (including one catch-all cate gory). 18 Unpublished white-collar worker data are available for 1962, 1964, and 1966. Information is presented for almost 900 cate gories of craftsmen, operatives, laborers, and related w orkers for each of 19 agencies ( i n c l u d i n g one catch-all category) in the Com m ission's p u b l i c a t i o n Occupations of Federal Blue-Collar Workers, October 31, I960. 19 Unpublished blue-collar worker data for 1961, 1962, 1965, and 1966 are available. 27 Employment of scientific, professional, and technical personnel by State governments in January 1964 and by local governments in October 1963 was obtained from sample sur veys conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statis tics and is shown in table 19. State data are for the 50 States and exclude State edu cational institutions. S i m i l a r surveys of State governments employment were made for 1959 and 1962. 20 Local governments data exclude all governmental administration units of less than 25, 000 population (except certain special districts) and all educational insti tutions. The Bureau of Labor Statistics presently is conducting a survey of State governments occupational employment in 1967 and is con sidering a future study of local governments occupational employment. 15 Current Federal Work Force Data as of June, 1966, March 1967, U. S. Civil Service Commission. Data for December 1964 and June 1965 appear in the September 1966 publication. Data for June 1964 are in the August 1965 publication. 16 Employment in selected postal occupations during 1960-66 is presented in table 23. 17 The third report in this series, covering the fiscal years 1967—70, was published in May 1967. 18 Earlier data are contained in similarly titled publications dated Aug. 31, 1954; Feb. 28, 1957; Oct. 31, 1958; Oct. 31, 1959; and Oct. 31, 1960. Data for 1947 and 1951 are in the BLS Bulletin 1117, which was published in cooperation with the Civil Service Commission. 19 Earlier data are contained in similarly titled publica tions dated Feb. 28, 1957; Oct. 31, 1958; Oct. 31, I960; and Oct. 31, 1961. 20 Employment of Scientific and Technical Personnel in State Government Agencies, Report on a 1959 Survey, 1961, National Science Foundation. This survey was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and conducted by the U. S. Depart ment of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment of Scientific and Technical Personnel in State Government Agencies, 1962, Bulletin 1412, U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 28 Table 22. Federal Employment in White-Collar Occupations, 1964-66 June 30, 1966' De ce mb er 31, 1965 2 De ce mb er 31, 1964 2 1 ,190,250 1 ,14 3 ,05 5 1 ,07 4 ,69 7 P ro fessiona l oc cupations--------------------------------------------------- 2 2 6 ,1 8 5 2 2 4 ,9 3 7 2 1 4 ,2 3 7 0110 0180 0185 Social sc ie nce ----------------------------------------------------------------------------E c o n o m i c s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Psychology----------------------------------------------------------------------------Social w o r k --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9, 533 5 ,4 4 3 1 ,8 6 3 2, 227 8, 693 4, 533 1 ,8 1 7 2, 343 7, 633 3 ,6 4 1 1,8 4 3 2, 149 0401 0457 0460 0470 0475 Agricultural s c i e n c e -------------------------------------- ------------------------Biology----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soil conservation-----------------------------------------------------------------F o r e s t r y --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soil scie nce --------------------------------------------------------------------------F a r m management l o a n ----------------------------------------------------- 1 7 ,3 0 7 1 ,2 4 3 4, 856 6, 094 1 ,8 93 3, 221 1 6 ,7 3 4 1 ,0 5 9 4, 742 6, 184 1 ,8 7 3 2, 876 1 6,2 6 3 1 ,0 2 7 4, 780 5 ,97 4 1 ,9 0 3 2, 579 0510 0512 Acco un tin g---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Acco un tin g----------------------------------------------------------------------------Internal revenue agent-------------------------------------------------------- 3 1 ,2 1 9 1 8 ,2 3 6 1 2,9 8 3 3 1 ,5 4 0 1 8 ,6 7 7 1 2,8 6 3 3 1 ,0 3 8 1 8 ,2 6 5 1 2,7 7 3 0602 0610 0630 M e d i c a l ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Med ical o f f i c e r -------------------------------------------------------------------N u r s e -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dietitian--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 8 ,0 3 3 1 2,511 2 4 ,4 6 2 1 ,0 6 0 37,738 1 2 ,8 8 6 2 3,807 1 ,0 4 5 35,344 1 1,6 1 3 2 2 ,5 7 0 1, 161 0701 V e t e r in a r y ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2, 352 2 ,447 2, 285 0801 0808 0810 0811 0812 0813 0820 0830 0850 0855 0861 0871 0893 0896 Engineering--------------------------------------------------------------------------------General engineering-----------------------------------------------------------Architectur e-------------------------------------------------------------------------Civil engineering-----------------------------------------------------------------Construction engineering--------------------------------------------------Structural engineering-------------------------------------------------------Hydraulic engineering-------------------------------------------------------Highway engine ering----------------------------------------------------------Mechanical engine ering-----------------------------------------------------Electric al engineering-------------------------------------------------------Electronic engineering------------------------------------------------------A eros p ac e engine ering------------------------------------------------------Naval architecture--------------------------------------------------------------Chemical engineering---------------------------------------------------------Industrial engineering-------------------------------------------------------- 72,136 1 1,741 1,49 1 3 1 8 , 5 16 2 , 007 7 1 ,1 9 5 1 1,2 1 5 1 ,4 5 5 13,9 01 1 ,8 3 5 590 936 1 ,2 6 8 8, 660 4, 314 1 4 ,4 6 5 8, 090 1 ,0 5 5 1, 342 2, 069 6 7 ,9 7 6 1 0 ,3 5 9 1 ,3 8 3 8 ,4 6 1 3 ,4 5 1 1 ,2 8 6 2, 178 1 ,9 3 8 8, 376 4, 370 1 3 ,7 7 6 7, 970 1, 100 1 ,2 9 0 2, 038 0905 A tto r n e y -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9, 378 9, 264 9, 057 1224 Patent examining----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ,1 1 6 1 ,0 6 6 1, 106 1301 1310 1320 1340 1350 1370 Physical s c i e n c e ----------------------------------------------------------------------General physical s c i e n c e --------------------------------------------------P h y s i c s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ch em is tr y-----------------------------------------------------------------------------M e t e o r o l o g y -------------------------------------------------------------------------G e o l o g y ------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------Cartograph y-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 7 ,0 0 7 6, 309 5, 339 8, 150 2, 261 1 ,9 3 3 3, 015 2 6 ,4 6 0 6, 388 5, 127 7, 831 2, 220 1 ,9 4 9 2, 945 2 6 ,0 1 8 6,466 5,02 6 7, 716 2, 190 1 ,9 6 5 2, 655 1520 1529 Mathe ma tic s------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mathe ma tic s-------------------------------------------------------------------------Mathematical s t a t i s t i c s ----------------------------------------------------- 3, 924 3 ,432 492 3, 721 3, 308 413 3,512 3 ,0 8 9 423 1710 E duc ati on----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 4,1 8 0 1 6 ,0 7 9 1 4 ,0 0 5 Administrati ve-technical (general) occupations----------------- 3 1 6 ,3 9 2 2 9 7 ,7 5 8 2 8 2 ,2 6 6 3, 882 1 ,5 7 9 2, 303 3, 772 1 ,5 7 9 2, 193 3 ,5 3 3 1 ,4 2 0 2, 113 eries code Series All white-co lla r occupations-------- 0016 0080 Safety, security Safety management — Security---------------------- - 8, 709 4, 181 1 4 ,5 6 6 8, 599 1 ,0 4 6 1 ,2 8 0 0132 Intelligence-------------- - 3, 015 2, 952 2, 776 0188 R e cre atio n ---------------- 1 ,9 4 4 1 ,8 2 9 1 ,8 11 See footnotes at end of table, 29 Table 22. Federal Employment in White-Collar Occupations, 1964-66— Continued June 30, 1966 1 D ece mbe r 31, 1965 2 0212 0221 0235 P e r s o n n e l ---------------------------------------------P e r s o n n e l a d m in is t r a tio n -------------Staffing---------------------------------------------C la ssif ic a tio n ---------------------------------Employee d ev elopm ent------------------ 1 6 ,3 3 7 8 ,2 6 8 3 ,7 8 1 2 ,4 5 2 1 ,8 3 6 1 5 ,4 1 9 8,03 6 3 ,2 6 3 2, 385 1 ,7 3 5 1 4 ,9 8 7 7, 959 2 ,9 4 9 2 ,4 3 3 1 ,6 4 6 0330 0331 0332 0334 0341 0342 0343 0344 0362 Computer and management serv ices Systems ad ministration---------------Digital computer pro gra m e r ----Systems opera tio n-------------------------Systems an alysis----------------------------Administrative offic er------------------Office s e r v i c e s ------------------------------Management a n a l y s i s --------------------Management technician-----------------EAM project pla nning------------------- 4 2,819 1 ,3 3 6 4 , 624 5 ,0 1 1 6, 845 9,445 2,029 8, 731 3,79 2 1 ,0 0 6 40,645 1 ,3 4 9 6, 251 4 ,459 3 ,8 8 2 9 ,445 1 ,8 7 6 8,59 2 3,539 1 ,2 5 2 38,486 1, 107 5 ,438 3 ,7 2 8 3 ,354 9, 500 2 ,0 0 8 8 ,3 1 3 3 ,5 2 9 1 ,5 0 9 0403 0404 0458 Agricultural su ppo rt---------------------------M ic ro b io lo g y -----------------------------------Biology laboratory technician-----Soil conservation aid ------------------- 8, 675 1 ,4 8 5 4 ,09 4 3 ,096 7 ,2 7 6 1 ,4 0 8 2, 716 3, 152 6,329 1 ,2 1 5 2, 237 2,877 0501 0525 0570 Accounting, finance sup po rt-------------General accounting, budget---------Accounting technician--------------------Financial institution e x a m i n e r ---- 2 6 ,5 5 5 1 0 ,5 2 4 1 2 ,7 9 9 3,232 2 6 ,5 9 4 1 0 ,6 3 8 1 2 ,9 4 7 3 ,009 2 6 ,8 0 5 1 1,0 7 3 1 2 ,9 9 0 2, 742 0645 0647 M e d i c a l --------------------------------------------------Medical technician-------------------------Radiology technician---------------------- 4, 687 3 ,052 1 ,6 3 5 4, 274 2,735 1 ,5 3 9 4, 114 2, 639 1 ,4 7 5 0802 0809 0817 0818 0856 Engineering SupportEngineering technician — Construction inspectio nSurveying technicianEngineering d ra ftingElectronic technician- 5 7 ,7 6 5 2 6 ,7 0 6 2,956 5,500 3,99 4 1 8 ,6 0 9 5 3 ,2 0 5 2 3 ,6 7 3 2 ,9 8 5 4,99 2 3, 974 17,5 81 49,883 2 1 ,7 8 5 2, 772 4, 597 3, 893 1 6 ,8 3 6 102 0 1060 1081 1082 Fine a r t s ------------------------------------------Illustrating----------------------------------Photography-------------------------------Public information--------------------Writing and editing--------------------- 9, 129 2 ,4 7 5 2,897 1 ,8 9 0 1 ,8 6 7 8 ,532 2,405 2 ,4 7 9 1 ,8 2 7 1,821 8,31 9 2, 369 2, 500 1,7 3 1 1 ,7 1 9 1102 1104 1150 1152 1165 1170 1171 Business and in dus tr y-------------------General business and industry Contract p ro c u re m e n t-------------P r o p e r t y d is p o s a l ----------------------Industrial sp ec ia lis t-----------------Production control--------------------Loan s p e c i a l i s t --------------------------R e a l ty ------------------------------------------Appraising, a s s e s s in g -------------- 3 9 ,3 4 8 2 ,8 4 5 1 6 ,6 7 4 1 ,3 1 5 4 ,48 6 6, 168 2 ,2 5 5 2 ,9 9 1 2, 614 37,2 5 7 2, 294 1 5 ,4 4 0 1 ,3 6 8 4 ,0 1 1 6 ,3 4 5 2 ,3 0 3 2, 882 2,61 4 36, 068 1 ,9 4 2 14,9 71 1 ,3 3 6 3 ,802 6, 531 2, 179 2, 751 2, 556 1311 1341 1371 Physical science su p po rt -------------Physical science technician----M eterolog ical technician---------Cartographic a i d e s -------------------- 9 ,828 3 ,566 2, 678 3 ,58 4 9, 085 3,20 7 2 ,597 3 ,2 8 1 8,039 2 ,898 2, 607 2, 534 1410 Librarian------------------------------------------- 3 ,7 5 1 3,56 9 3, 387 1530 Statistician- 2 ,73 6 2, 688 2 ,337 1640 1670 Equipment and construction— Construction maintenance Equipment sp ec ia lis t---------- 1 5 ,7 9 4 2, 783 13,011 1 4 ,4 5 5 2, 701 1 1 ,7 5 4 1 3 ,7 0 4 2 ,5 6 8 1 1 ,1 3 6 1712 Instruction - 9,25 2 8,283 6, 622 1810 1825 Investigation-----------------------General investigation — Aviation safety of fic er- 4, 661 2, 739 1 ,9 2 2 4, 614 2,749 1 ,8 6 5 4 ,373 2 ,8 2 1 1 ,5 5 2 Series code 0 20 1 1101 Series See footnotes at end of table. De ce mbe r 1 96 4 2 30 Table 22. Federal Employment in White-Collar Occupations, 1964-66— Continued eries code S' Series June 30, 1966 1 De ce mbe r 3 i , 1965 2 De ce mbe r 31, 1964 2 1 3 ,3 6 8 12,1 21 9, 543 1903 1936 1940 1942 1950 Inspection and quality co n tr o l ----------------------------General commodity quality control and insp ectio n-------------------------------------------------------Quality control and inspection management Electronic equipment--------------------------------------Mechanical equipment------------------------------------A ir c raft quality control and insp ectio n------M is s il e quality control and inspectio n--------- 2 ,5 1 5 2,36 6 3 ,059 2, 100 2,238 1 ,0 9 0 2 ,3 7 0 2,048 2, 690 1 ,6 7 0 2, 090 1 ,2 5 3 2, 123 1 ,5 5 0 2,368 1 ,4 0 4 1 ,0 0 8 1 ,0 9 0 2001 2010 2030 2050 2090 Supply-----------------------------General supply---------Supply requirements Storage management Cataloging-----------------Publication----------------- 31,587 10,1 41 1 4 ,9 7 0 1, 127 3 ,8 6 5 1 ,4 8 4 3 0 ,5 6 5 1 0 ,4 7 7 1 3 ,7 0 4 1,081 3 ,8 6 5 1 ,4 3 8 3 1 ,2 9 9 1 1,7 8 5 1 3 ,0 3 3 1, 172 3 ,91 7 1 ,3 9 2 2101 2130 2131 2132 2134 2181 Transportation-------------------------General transportatio n----Traffic ma nagement----------Freight r a t e ------------------------T ra ve l----------------------------------Shipment------------------------------A irc raft op era tio n-------------- 1 1 ,2 5 9 1 ,6 2 9 1 ,7 3 4 2, 202 1 ,4 2 6 2,41 4 1 ,8 5 4 1 0,6 2 3 1 ,6 7 5 1 ,5 2 8 2, 255 1 ,3 0 7 2, 348 1 ,5 1 0 9 ,8 5 1 1 ,7 9 4 1 ,4 8 6 2, 263 1,401 1 ,8 9 4 1 ,0 1 3 A dm in is tr ati ve -t e chnic al-------------------------(Government) occupations ----------------- 94,808 91,294 8 7 ,4 5 9 1901 0007 Correctional institution administration' 2 ,934 2 ,9 1 5 2, 905 0105 Social insurance ad ministration------------- 1 0 ,2 1 8 9, 703 8, 503 0526 0560 0592 Acco un tin g--------------------------------------Tax technician--------------------------Budget-----------------------------------------Tax accounting--------------------------- 1 7 ,8 2 7 2, 808 6, 112 8,90 7 1 6,1 91 2, 798 6 ,0 3 5 7 ,3 5 8 1 5 ,1 4 5 2, 798 5 ,9 5 8 6, 389 0685 Public health pro gr am specialist- 1 ,8 9 8 1 ,8 4 5 1 ,6 4 6 1 1 ,2 4 7 1 ,2 01 1,941 5,70 2 2 ,4 0 3 1 0 ,5 6 4 1 ,1 1 0 1 ,8 9 4 5 ,683 1 ,8 7 7 9,885 1, 168 1 ,8 9 4 5, 071 1 ,7 5 2 6, 200 6, 241 6 ,4 2 2 2 4 ,6 5 3 12,941 1 ,2 5 5 1 ,2 4 7 1, 178 3 ,9 5 2 2,82 6 1 ,2 5 4 2 3 ,4 8 8 1 2,2 4 9 1, 139 1 ,2 2 9 1 ,0 9 0 3 ,8 4 5 2, 711 1 ,2 2 5 2 2 ,4 2 8 1 1,2 5 8 1, 162 1, 159 1, 149 3 ,7 2 3 2, 667 1 ,3 1 0 0962 0963 0993 0996 1169 Claim s examining---------------------Contract rep resentative-----Legal institution examining Social security c l a i m s -------V e te r a n s c la im s e x a m in in g Collection officer 1811 1813 1816 1854 1863 189 0 1896 Investigation---------------------------------------Criminal investigation----------------Wage and hour law enforcement Immigration inspection--------------Alcoho l, tobacco t a x ------------------Food inspection----------------------------Customs insp ectio n--------------------Immigration p a t r o l ---------------------- 1980 Agricultural grading 2, 600 2 ,9 4 0 2, 923 2152 A ir traffic control — 17,2 31 1 7 ,4 0 7 1 7 ,6 0 2 44,937 42,595 4 1,496 0621 0636 0681 0699 Medical su p port -----------------------Nursing a s s i s t a n t --------------Physical therapy assistant Dental a s s i s t a n t -----------------Medical a i d -------------------------- 42,990 3 8 ,3 7 8 1,01 1 1 ,6 4 7 1 ,9 5 4 40,809 3 6 ,6 1 7 1 ,0 2 9 1 ,3 9 5 1 ,7 6 8 3 9 ,9 0 3 3 5 ,9 5 5 1 ,0 4 7 1, 308 1 ,5 9 3 1411 Libr ar y assistant 1 ,9 4 7 1 ,7 8 6 1 ,5 9 3 1 07 ,0 33 1 0 1 ,0 4 9 9 0 ,3 8 2 1 4 ,6 9 2 7, 165 7 ,5 2 7 1 2 ,7 3 4 6, 699 6, 035 1 2 ,0 5 0 6, 081 5,969 A id -a ssis t a n t occupations Cle rica l (specialized) occupations 0203 0204 Per sonnel c l e r ic a l --------------------Personnel cl e r ic a l --------------Military personnel cle rical See footnotes at end of table. 31 Table 22. Federal Employment in White-Collar Occupations, Series code Series June 30, 1966 1 0309 Correspondence c l e r k — ---------------------------------------------------- 1 96 4 -6 6 — Continued De ce mbe r 31, 1965 2 D ece mbe r 31, 19 64 2 1 ,7 4 2 1 ,7 1 6 1 ,7 2 9 0520 0540 0544 0545 0590 Accounting c l e r ic a l ------------------------------------------------------------------Accounts maintenanc e-------------------------------------------------------Voucher examining-------------------------------------------------------------T im e , leave , and p a y r o l l -------------------------------------------------Military pay ------------------------------------------------------------------------T im e, l e a v e - --------------------------------------------- --------------------------- 2 9,0 5 1 1 2,4 7 5 5 ,553 4,57 6 4, 307 2, 140 2 7 ,9 4 1 1 2 ,0 1 9 5,495 4,43 9 3,94 7 2 ,0 4 1 2 7 ,0 8 0 11,6 2 6 5 ,44 7 4, 355 3 ,598 2 ,054 0998 Claim s c l e r ic a l ----------------------------- --------------------------------------- 1 0,0 2 5 9,41 2 2, 873 1531 Statistical c le ric a l------------------------------------------------ -------------- 6 ,8 8 8 6 ,8 9 8 7 ,0 1 9 2020 2040 2091 Supply c l e ric a l--------------------------------------------------------------------------Purchasing----------------------------------------------------------------------------- . Stock co n tr o l------------------------------------------------------------------------Sales sto re — ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44,635 8,83 7 32,896 2,902 42,348 8 ,4 9 1 31, 137 2, 720 3 9 ,6 3 1 8, 186 28,994 2 ,4 5 1 2 7 7 ,4 0 0 259, 117 2 4 1 ,6 1 6 Cl erical (general) oc cupations----------------------------------------- 0302 0305 0312 0316 0318 0322 0350 0356 0359 0382 0385 Office oc cupations--------------------------------------------------------------------M e s s e n g e r ----------------------------------------------------------------------------File, m a il ----------------------------------------- •-----------------------------------C l e r k -s te n o g r a p h e r ------------------------------------------------------------ Clerk-dictating m a c h in e ---------------------------------------------------S ec re ta ry ------------------------------------------------------------------------------C l e r k - t y p i s t -------------------------------------------------------------------------Office machine operations-------------------------------------------------Card punch----------------------------------------------------------------------------EAM o p e ra ti o n s ------------- -----------------------------------------------------Telephone operation------------------------------------------------------------T e le ty p i s t------------------ ------------------ ----------------- ---------------------- 2 7 4 ,1 7 8 1 ,6 2 0 27,224 5 2,7 7 1 6, 620 5 8 ,5 4 4 95,426 1,561 1 6,1 3 9 5, 132 7, 071 2 ,0 7 0 2 5 5 ,7 91 1 ,5 7 8 2 5 ,3 7 9 51,726 6 ,5 2 2 56,028 8 4 ,6 9 5 1 ,4 7 8 1 4 ,2 2 9 5, 113 7 ,0 4 1 2 ,002 2 3 8 ,3 0 0 1 ,7 0 2 2 3 ,9 6 7 51,859 6 ,4 9 3 54,935 7 0 ,6 4 7 1 ,4 8 7 1 2 ,2 7 6 5 ,83 6 6, 756 2, 342 0530 Cash c l e r ic a l ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3,222 3 ,326 3,31 6 Other occupations----------------------------------------------------------------- 1 23 ,4 95 1 2 6 ,3 05 117 ,2 41 0081 0083 0085 M is ce ll aneo us----------------------------------------------------------------------------F i r e ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------P o l i c e ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Guard-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 8 ,5 3 1 1 1 ,8 1 4 2, 774 1 3,9 4 3 2 7 ,5 6 9 1 1 ,2 7 7 2 ,8 4 0 1 3 ,4 5 2 2 7 ,0 8 5 1 1 ,4 0 6 2,554 13, 125 0301 General cl eri cal and administrative-------------------------------- 94,964 98,736 90,156 1 Based upon a 10 percent sam ple. 2 T o ta l p o p u la tio n . 3 Coverage of 0810 expanded to include se ries 0811, 0812, 0813 and 0820 which were discontinued in 1966. SOURCE: Data for 1964 and 1965 are from Current Fe de ra l Workforce Data, Commission. Data for 1966, ibid. , March 1967. Table 23. September 1966, Employment in Selected Post Office Occupations, U. S. Civil Service 1 96 0 -6 6 (In thousands) 1966 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 I960 A ll oc cupation s----------------------- 692 610 593 590 585 580 568 P ost m ast e rs 1 -----------------------------------Supervi sors ---------------------------------------Postal c l e r k s -------------------------------------Mail carr iers 2----------------------------------Special delivery c a r r i e r s ---------------Mail h a n d le rs ------------------------------------ 33 33 300 225 5 44 33 32 250 207 4 32 34 32 240 202 4 32 34 32 239 200 4 31 35 31 239 198 4 31 35 31 239 195 4 30 35 30 234 190 5 29 Occupation 1 Does not include assistant p ostm aste r s. 2 Includes p ar t- tim e ca rr ie rs on a full-tim e equivalent ba sis. NO TE: SOURCE: Data are as of October. Post O f f i c e Department. Bureau of Finance and Administration Paid Employees Report , F o r m 1988. 32 Table 24. Employment of Scientific, Professional, and Technical Personnel by State and Local Governments (In thousands) State government January 1964 Occupation A ll occupations Local g o ve rn m en t1 October 1963 .56. 8 2 134. 4 E n g i n e e r s ------------------------Civil engineers -------Ele ct rical engineers ■ Mechanical engineers Traffic e n g in e e r s ----Sanitary engineers — Other e n g in e e r s -------- 34. 5 31. 0 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 1. 2 2. 3 22. 3 17. 1 2. 3 1. 3 . 7 ( 3) .8 Scientists ---Chemists Geologists and geophysicists Other physical s c i e n t i s t s ------Agr icultural scientists --------Biomedical scientists --------Other life scientists --------------M a th e m a tic ia n s ----------------------S t a t i s t i c i a n s ---------------------------E c o n o m i s t s ------------------------------Sociologists and anthropologists Other social scientists-----------------Clinical p s y c h o l o g i s t s -----------------Social p s y c h o l o g i s t s --------------------Other psychologists --------------------- 16. 1. 1. . 3. 2. 2. . 1. . . . 2. 7 4 0 1 3 0 9 3 6 7 2 5 0 .4 5. 9 1. 2 (4) . 1 . 9 1. 8 . 3 . 1 .4 . 2 ( 5) .4 (6) ( 6) . 7 9. 2 ( 7) 1 Social w o r k e r s Selected health pro fessio ns 8-------Public health officers (M. D. ) ■ Psychiatrists (M. D . ) A ll other physicians (M. D. and D~ O. ) Dentists (D. D. S. or D. D. M. ) ---------------Pro fessiona l nurses (R. N. ) -----------------Veterinarians (D. V. M. ) -----------------------Sanitarians ------------------------------------------------ 36. . 3. 4. 1. 21. 1. 3. 2 8 8 4 0 6 1 4 73. 1. . 10. 1. 51. . 7. Technicians — D r a ft s m e n Surveyors Engineering technicians---------Physical science technicians-Agr icultural technicians ------Biological technicians ■ Medical and dental technicians Other tech nici an s------------------------ 60. 7. 12. 30. 1. 2. 1. 3. . 2 9 0 5 5 0 8 7 8 32. 3 7. 9 5. 5 7. 2 1. 1 . 5 (9 ) 9. 2 .9 9 9 8 8 0 6 4 3 1 Data are only for city, county, and township governments which have a population for the governmental unit of 25, 000 or mo re, and for certain districts which were sampled with certainty probability. 2 Excludes social workers. See footnote 7. 3 Included with civil engineers. 4 Included with other physical scientists. 5 Included with other social scientists. 6 Included with other psychologists. 7 Data not collected. 8 The relevant occupations do not include physicians and dentists dealing with patients. 9 Included with agricultural technicians. NO TE : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals. SOURCE: Local data— Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, unpublished sample survey p rel iminary data. State data— Employment, of Scientific, Pro fessiona l, and Techni cal Personnel in State Governments, January 19^>4. BLS Bulletin 1557, (1967). ★ ★ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1988 0 - 2 9 1 - 0 2 8 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES New England J ohn F . K en n edy F e d e r a l B uild in g G o v e r n m e n t C e n t e r , R o o m 1 6 0 3 -B B o s to n , M a s s . 0 22 03 T e l . : 2 2 3 -6 7 6 2 Mid*Atlantic 341 N inth A v en u e N ew Y o r k , N. Y . 10001 T e l . : 9 7 1 -5 4 0 5 Southern 1371 P e a c h t r e e S t r e e t , N E . A tla n ta , G a . 30309 T e l . : 5 2 6 -5 4 1 8 North Central 219 South D e a r b o r n S tre e t C h ic a g o , 111. 6 0604 T e l . : 3 5 3 -7 2 3 0 P a cific 450 G o ld e n G ate A v en u e B o x 36017 San F r a n c i s c o , C a lif. 9 4102 T e l . : 5 5 6 -4 6 7 8 M ountain-Plains F e d e r a l O ffic e B u ild in g , T h ir d F lo o r 911 W alnut S tre e t K a n s a s C ity , M o . 64106 T e l . : 3 7 4 -2 4 8 1