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Occupational Wage Survey BIRMINGHAM, ALABAM A MARCH 1960 Bulletin No. 1265-37 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clagua, Commissioner Occupational Wage Survey BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA MARCH I9 6 0 Bulletin No. 1265-37 June I960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents/ U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. Price 25 cents Preface Contents Page T h e C o m m u n ity W a g e S u rv e y P r o g r a m T h e B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s r e g u la r ly con du cts a r e a w id e w a g e s u r v e y s in a n u m b er o f im p o r ta n t in d u s t r i a l c e n te r s . T h e s tu d ie s , m a d e fr o m la te f a l l to e a r ly s p rin g , r e la t e to o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la te d s u p p le m e n ta r y b e n e fits . A p r e lim in a r y r e p o r t is a v a ila b le on c o m p le t io n o f the study in e a c h a r e a , u s u a lly in the m on th fo llo w in g the p a y r o ll p e r io d stu d ied . T h is b u lle tin p r o v id e s a d d itio n a l data not in c lu d e d in the e a r l i e r r e p o r t . A c o n s o lid a te d a n a ly t ic a l b u lle tin s u m m a r iz in g the r e s u lt s o f a ll o f the y e a r ’ s s u r v e y s is is s u e d a f t e r c o m p le t io n o f the fin a l a r e a b u lle tin f o r the c u r r e n t round o f s u r v e y s . I n t r o d u c t io n _____________________________________________________________________ T a b le s: 1. E s ta b lis h m e n ts and w o r k e r s w ith in sc o p e o f s u r v e y ____________ 2 A: O c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s :* A - 1. O ffic e o c c u p a t io n s ______________ ________ ,___ _______ ___ ___ .____ 4 A -2 . P r o f e s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l o c c u p a tio n s ___________________ A - 3. M a in te n a n c e and p o w e r p la n t o c c u p a tio n s __________________ A -4 . C u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t o c c u p a t io n s __________ 7 8 9 B: T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u re a u ’ s r e g io n a l o ffic e in A tla n ta , Ga. , by D on ald C r u s e , u n der the d i r e c tio n o f L o u is B . W o y ty c h , R e g io n a l W a g e and In d u s tr ia l R e la tio n s A n a ly s t. 1 E s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry w a g e p r o v is io n s ; * B - l. S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l s _________ B - 2 . M in im u m e n tr a n c e s a la r ie s f o r w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s _____________________________________________ B -3 . S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u r s ______________________________________ B -4 . P a id h o lid a y s __________________________________________________ B - 5. P a id v a c a tio n s ________________________________________________ B - 6. H e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p la n s ______________________ A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a tio n a l d e s c r ip tio n s ___________________________ ___________ * N O T E : S im ila r ta b u la tio n s f o r m o s t o f th e s e ite m s a r e a v a ila b le in the B ir m in g h a m a r e a r e p o r t s f o r A p r i l 1952 and Jan u ary 1957, a s w e l l as in s i m i l a r r e p o r t s f o r o th e r m a jo r a r e a s . A d ir e c t o r y , in d ic a tin g date o f study and the p r ic e o f th e r e p o r t s , is a v a ila b le upon r e q u e s t. A c u r r e n t r e p o r t on o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and sup p le m e n t a r y w a g e p r a c t ic e s in th e B ir m in g h a m a r e a is a ls o a v a ila b le f o r auto d e a le r r e p a ir shops (M a y 1958). U n ion s c a le s , in d ic a tiv e o f p r e v a ilin g p ay l e v e l s , a r e a v a ila b le f o r the fo llo w in g t r a d e s o r in d u s tr ie s : B u ild in g c o n s t r u c tio n , p rin tin g , lo c a l- t r a n s i t o p e r a tin g e m p lo y e e s , and m o to r tr u c k d r i v e r s and h e lp e r s . iii 11 12 13 14 15 17 19 Occupational Wage Survey—Birmingham, Ala. Introduction T h is a r e a is one o f s e v e r a l im p o r ta n t in d u s tr ia l c e n te r s in w h ich the U . S . D e p a rtm e n t o f L a b o r 's B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a tis tic s has c o n d u cted s u r v e y s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e a r n in g s and r e la t e d w a g e b e n e fits on an a r e a w id e b a s is . In th is a r e a , d ata w e r e o b ta in e d b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t s o f B u re a u f i e l d e c o n o m is ts to r e p r e s e n t a t iv e e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in s ix b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s : M a n u fa c tu rin g ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , 1 c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s ; w h o le s a le tr a d e ; r e t a il tr a d e ; fin a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s ta te ; and s e r v i c e s . M a jo r in d u s try g ro u p s e x c lu d e d f r o m th e s e s tu d ie s a r e g o v e r n m e n t o p e r a tio n s and the c o n s tr u c tio n and e x t r a c t iv e in d u s tr ie s . E s ta b lis h m e n ts h a vin g f e w e r than a p r e s c r ib e d n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s a r e o m itte d a ls o b e c a u s e th ey fu r n is h in s u ffic ie n t e m p lo y m e n t in the o c c u p a tio n s s tu d ie d to w a r ra n t in c lu s io n . W h e r e v e r p o s s ib le , s e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d f o r e a c h o f the b r o a d in d u s tr y d iv is io n s . T h e s e s u r v e y s a r e c o n d u cted on a s a m p le b a s is b e c a u s e o f the u n n e c e s s a r y c o s t in v o lv e d in s u r v e y in g a ll e s t a b lis h m e n t s . T o o b ta in a p p r o p r ia t e a c c u r a c y a t m in im u m c o s t , a g r e a t e r p r o p o r tio n o f la r g e than o f s m a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts is s tu d ie d . In c o m b in in g the d ata, h o w e v e r , a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts a r e g iv e n t h e ir a p p r o p r ia te w e ig h t. E s tim a te s b a s e d o n the e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ie d a r e p r e s e n te d , t h e r e f o r e , as r e la tin g to a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts in the in d u s tr y g ro u p in g and a r e a , e x c e p t f o r th o s e b e lo w the m in im u m s iz e s tu d ie d . O cc u p a tio n s and E a r n in g s T h e o c c u p a tio n s s e le c t e d f o r stu d y a r e c o m m o n to a v a r ie t y o f m a n u fa c tu rin g and n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . O c c u p a tio n a l c l a s s ific a t io n is b a s e d on a u n ifo r m s e t o f jo b d e s c r ip tio n s d e s ig n e d to take a ccou n t o f in t e r e s ta b lis h m e n t v a r ia t io n in d u ties w ith in the s a m e jo b . (S ee a p p e n d ix f o r lis t in g o f th e s e d e s c r ip t io n s .) E a r n in g s d ata a r e p r e s e n te d (in the A - s e r i e s ta b le s ) f o r the fo llo w in g ty p e s o f o c c u p a tio n s : (a ) O ff ic e c l e r i c a l ; (b ) p r o fe s s io n a l and te c h n ic a l; ( c ) m a in te nance and p o w e r p la n t; and (d ) c u s to d ia l and m a t e r ia l m o v e m e n t. O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t and e a r n in g s d ata a r e show n f o r f u l l- t im e w o r k e r s , i . e . , th o s e h ir e d to w o r k a r e g u la r w e e k ly s c h e d u le in the g iv e n o c c u p a tio n a l c la s s ific a t io n . E a r n in g s d ata e x c lu d e p re m iu m p ay f o r o v e r t im e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ifts . N o n p ro d u c tio n b o n u ses a r e e x c lu d e d a ls o , but c o s t - o f liv in g b on u ses and in c e n tiv e e a r n in g s a r e in c lu d e d . W h e re w e e k ly h o u rs a r e r e p o r t e d , as f o r o f f i c e c l e r i c a l o c c u p a tio n s , r e f e r e n c e is to the w o r k s c h e d u le s (ro u n d e d to the n e a r e s t h a lf h o u r) f o r w h ich s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r ie s a r e p aid ; a v e r a g e w e e k ly e a r n in g s f o r th es e o c c u p a tio n s h a ve b e e n rou n d ed to the n e a r e s t h a lf d o lla r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f m en and w o m e n a r e p r e s e n te d s e p a r a t e ly f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a tio n s in w h ich b oth s e x e s a r e c o m m o n ly e m p lo y e d . D iffe r e n c e s in p ay le v e l s o f m en and w o m e n in th es e o c c u p a tio n s a r e la r g e l y due to (1 ) d iffe r e n c e s in the d is tr ib u tio n o f the s e x e s am on g in d u s tr ie s and e s ta b lis h m e n ts ; (2 ) d if fe r e n c e s in s p e c if ic d u tie s p e r fo r m e d , alth ou gh the o c c u p a tio n s a r e a p p r o p r ia t e ly c l a s s i f i e d w ith in the s a m e s u r v e y jo b d e s c r ip tio n ; and (3 ) d iffe r e n c e s in le n g th o f s e r v ic e o r m e r i t r e v ie w w h en in d iv id u a l s a la r ie s a r e a d ju s te d on th is b a s is . L o n g e r a v e r a g e s e r v i c e o f m e n w o u ld r e s u lt in h ig h e r a v e r a g e p ay w h en b oth s e x e s a r e e m p lo y e d w ith in the s a m e r a te r a n g e . Job d e s c r ip tio n s u sed in c la s s ify in g e m p lo y e e s in th es e s u r v e y s a r e u su a lly m o r e g e n e r a liz e d than th ose u s e d in in d iv id u a l e s ta b lis h m e n ts to a llo w f o r m in o r d if fe r e n c e s am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts in s p e c i f y d u ties p e r fo r m e d . O c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t e s tim a te s r e p r e s e n t the to ta l in a ll e s ta b lis h m e n ts w ith in the s c o p e o f the stu d y and n ot the n u m b e r a c tu a lly s u r v e y e d . B e c a u s e o f d iffe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e am on g e s ta b lis h m e n ts , the e s tim a te s o f o c c u p a tio n a l e m p lo y m e n t ob ta in e d f r o m the s a m p le o f e s ta b lis h m e n ts stu d ied s e r v e o n ly to in d ic a te the r e la t iv e im p o r ta n c e o f the jo b s s tu d ie d . T h e s e d if fe r e n c e s in o c c u p a tio n a l s tr u c tu r e do n o t m a t e r i a l l y a f f e c t the a c c u r a c y o f the e a r n in g s d ata. E s ta b lis h m e n t P r a c t i c e s and S u p p le m e n ta r y W a g e P r o v i s i o n s In fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d a ls o (in the B - s e r i e s ta b le s ) on s e le c t e d e s ta b lis h m e n t p r a c t ic e s and s u p p le m e n ta ry b e n e fits as th ey r e la te to o f f ic e and p lan t w o r k e r s . T h e t e r m " o f f i c e w o r k e r s , " as u s e d in th is b u lle tin , in c lu d e s w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s and n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s p e r fo r m in g c l e r i c a l o r r e la t e d fu n c tio n s , and e x c lu d e s a d m in is t r a t iv e , e x e c u t iv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l p e r s o n n e l. " P la n t w o r k e r s " in clu d e w o rk in g fo r e m e n and a ll n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s (in c lu d in g le a d A d m in is t r a t iv e , 1 R a ilr o a d s , f o r m e r l y e x c lu d e d f r o m the s c o p e o f th e s e s tu d ie sm , en and t r a in e e s ) e n g a g e d in n o n o ffic e fu n c tio n s . e x e c u tiv e , and p r o fe s s io n a l e m p lo y e e s , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s tru c tio n h a ve b e en ad d ed in n e a r ly a ll o f the a r e a s to b e s tu d ie d d u rin g the e m p lo y e e s w ho a r e u t iliz e d as a s e p a r a te w o r k f o r c e a r e e x c lu d e d . w in te r o f 1959-60; r a ilr o a d s w i l l b e ad d ed in the r e m a in in g a r e a s n e x t C a f e t e r ia w o r k e r s and r o u te m e n a r e e x c lu d e d in m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s y e a r . F o r s c o p e o f s u r v e y in th is a r e a , s e e fo o tn o te to " t r a n s p o r t a tr ie s , but a r e in c lu d e d as p lan t w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa ctu rin g in d u s tr ie s . tio n , c o m m u n ic a tio n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t i l i t ie s " in ta b le 1. 2 T a b le 1. E s t a b li s h m e n t s a n d w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s u r v e y a n d n u m b e r s t u d ie d in B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , 1 b y m a j o r in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n , 2 M a r c h I 9 6 0 In d u s try d iv is io n A ll d iv is io n s _________________ — ___________________________________ M a n u fa c t u r in g ------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c t u r in g ----------------------------------------------------------------------*---------T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s 5 ------------ -----------------------------------------------------------W h o l e s a le t r a d e __________________________________________________ R e t a il t r a d e _______ _____ __ __________________ _______________ F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ----------------- ------------------S e r v i c e s 7 ____________________________________________________________ M in im u m e m p lo y m e n t in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in s c o p e o f s tu d y N u m b e r o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s W ith in scop e of s tu d y 3 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s W ith in s c o p e o f s tu d y S tu d ie d S tu d ie d T o t a l4 O ffic e P la n t T o ta l4 51 410 128 9 9 ,7 0 0 1 5, 000 6 7 ,7 0 0 6 8 ,3 7 0 51 51 157 253 53 75 5 8 ,4 0 0 4 1 ,3 0 0 6, 100 8 , 900 4 3 ,8 0 0 2 3 ,9 0 0 4 5 ,2 3 0 2 3 ,1 4 0 51 51 51 51 51 39 64 74 45 31 19 14 21 11 10 1 2 ,4 0 0 6 ,9 0 0 1 1 ,9 0 0 6 , 100 4 ,0 0 0 2, 3 00 6 ,8 0 0 1 0 ,4 9 0 1 ,8 4 0 5 ,9 4 0 3, 110 1 ,7 6 0 00 (* ) ( 6) < !) (* ) (‘ ) ( 6) 1 T h e B i r m i n g h a m M e t r o p o l it a n A r e a ( J e f f e r s o n C o u n t y ). T h e " w o r k e r s w it h in s c o p e o f s t u d y " e s t i m a t e s s h o w n in t h is t a b le p r o v i d e a r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f th e s i z e and c o m p o s i t i o n o f th e la b o r f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y . T h e e s t i m a t e s a r e n o t in t e n d e d , h o w e v e r , t o s e r v e a s a b a s i s o f c o m p a r i s o n w it h o t h e r a r e a e m p l o y m e n t in d e x e s t o m e a s u r e e m p lo y m e n t t r e n d s o r l e v e l s s i n c e (1 ) p la n n in g o f w a g e s u r v e y s r e q u i r e s th e u s e o f e s t a b l is h m e n t d a t a c o m p i l e d c o n s i d e r a b l y in a d v a n c e o f th e p a y p e r i o d s t u d ie d , a n d (2 ) s m a l l e s t a b l is h m e n t s a r e e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y . 2 T h e 1957 r e v i s e d e d i t io n o f th e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l is h m e n t s b y i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n . M a j o r c h a n g e s f r o m th e e a r l i e r e d i t io n (u s e d in th e B u r e a u 's l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y p r o g r a m p r i o r t o th e w in t e r o f 1 9 5 8 -5 9 ) a r e th e t r a n s f e r o f m il k p a s t e u r i z a t i o n p la n t s an d r e a d y - m i x e d c o n c r e t e e s t a b l is h m e n t s f r o m t r a d e (w h o l e s a l e o r r e t a il ) t o m a n u fa c t u r i n g , a n d th e t r a n s f e r o f r a d i o a n d t e l e v i s i o n b r o a d c a s t i n g f r o m s e r v i c e s to th e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b l ic u t il it i e s d i v i s i o n . 3 I n c lu d e s a ll e s t a b l is h m e n t s w ith t o t a l e m p l o y m e n t at o r a b o v e t h e m i n i m u m - s i z e l i m it a t io n . A l l o u t le t s (w ith in th e a r e a ) o f c o m p a n i e s in s u c h i n d u s t r ie s a s t r a d e , f i n a n c e , a u to r e p a i r s e r v i c e , an d m o t i o n - p i c t u r e t h e a t e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 e s t a b l is h m e n t . 4 I n c lu d e s e x e c u t i v e , p r o f e s s i o n a l , a n d o t h e r w o r k e r s e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s e p a r a t e o f f i c e a n d p la n t c a t e g o r i e s . 5 R a i l r o a d s w e r e in c lu d e d ; t a x i c a b s an d s e r v i c e s in c id e n t a l t o w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t io n w e r e e x c l u d e d . 6 T h is in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n is r e p r e s e n t e d in e s t i m a t e s f o r " a l l i n d u s t r i e s " and " n o n m a n u fa c t u r i n g " in t h e S e r i e s A a n d B t a b l e s , a lt h o u g h c o v e r a g e w a s in s u f f ic i e n t t o j u s t i f y s e p a r a t e pre s e n t a t io n o f d a ta . 7 H o t e l s ; p e r s o n a l s e r v i c e s ; b u s in e s s s e r v i c e s ; a u t o m o b i le r e p a i r s h o p s ; m o t io n p i c t u r e s ; n o n p r o fi t m e m b e r s h i p o r g a n i z a t i o n s ; a n d e n g in e e r in g a n d a r c h i t e c t u r a l s e r v i c e s . 3 S h ift d if fe r e n t ia l d ata (ta b le B - l ) a r e lim it e d to m a n u fa c tu rin g in d u s tr ie s . T h is in fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d b oth in te r m s o f (a ) e s t a b lis h m e n t p o lic y , 2 p r e s e n te d in t e r m s o f to ta l p la n t w o r k e r e m p lo y m e n t, and (b ) e f f e c t iv e p r a c t ic e , p r e s e n te d on the b a s is o f w o r k e r s a c tu a lly e m p lo y e d on the s p e c ifie d s h ift at the tim e o f the s u r v e y . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts h a vin g v a r ie d d if fe r e n t ia ls , the am oun t a p p ly in g to a m a jo r it y w a s u s e d o r , i f no am ou n t a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y , the c l a s s ific a t io n " o t h e r " w as u s e d . In e s ta b lis h m e n ts in w h ich som e la t e s h ift h ou rs a r e p a id at n o r m a l r a t e s , a d if fe r e n t ia l w as r e c o r d e d o n ly i f it a p p lie d to a m a jo r it y o f the s h ift h o u rs . M in im u m e n tr a n c e r a te s (ta b le B - 2 ) r e la t e o n ly to the e s ta b lis h m e n ts v is it e d . T h e y a r e p r e s e n te d on an e s ta b lis h m e n t, r a th e r than on an e m p lo y m e n t b a s is . P a id h o lid a y s ; p aid v a c a tio n s ; and h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n p lans a r e tr e a te d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is th at th e s e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p la n t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a j o r i t y o f such w o r k e r s a r e e lig ib le o r m a y e v e n tu a lly q u a lify f o r the p r a c t ic e s l is t e d . S c h ed u le d h o u rs a r e tr e a t e d s t a t is t ic a lly on the b a s is th at th es e a r e a p p lic a b le to a ll p lan t o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s i f a m a jo r it y a r e c o v e r e d . 3 B e c a u s e o f rou n d in g, sum s o f in d iv id u a l ite m s in th es e ta b u la tio n s m a y n ot e q u a l to ta ls . T h e f i r s t p a r t o f the p aid h o lid a y s ta b le p r e s e n ts the n u m b e r o f w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s a c tu a lly p r o v id e d . The secon d p a rt c o m b in e s w h o le and h a lf h o lid a y s to sh ow to ta l h o lid a y t i m e . T h e s u m m a r y o f v a c a tio n plans is lim it e d to f o r m a l a r r a n g e m ents,. e x c lu d in g in fo r m a l plans w h e r e b y tim e o f f w ith p ay is g ra n te d a t the d is c r e t io n o f the e m p lo y e r . S e p a r a te e s tim a te s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to e m p lo y e r p r a c t ic e in c o m p u tin g v a c a tio n p a y m e n ts , such as tim e p a y m e n ts , p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s , o r f la t - s u m a m ou n ts. H o w e v e r , in the ta b u la tio n s o f v a c a tio n a llo w a n c e s , p a y m e n ts n ot on a tim e b a s is w e r e c o n v e r te d ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o f 2 p e r c e n t o f annual e a r n in g s w a s c o n s id e r e d as the e q u iv a le n t o f 1 w e e k ’ s p ay. D a ta a r e p r e s e n te d f o r a ll h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n plans f o r w h ich at le a s t a p a r t o f the c o s t is b o r n e b y the e m p lo y e r , e x c e p tin g o n ly le g a l r e q u ir e m e n ts such as w o r k m e n 's c o m p e n s a tio n and s o c ia l s e c u r it y . Such p lans in c lu d e th o s e u n d e r w r itte n b y a c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n y and th o s e p r o v id e d th ro u gh a union fund o r paid d i r e c t ly b y the e m p lo y e r ou t o f c u r r e n t o p e r a tin g funds o r f r o m a fund s e t a s id e f o r th is p u r p o s e . D eath b e n e fits a r e in c lu d e d as a f o r m o f l i f e in s u r a n c e . S ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u r a n c e is lim ite d - to th at typ e o f in s u ra n c e u n d er w h ich p r e d e te r m in e d c a s h p a y m e n ts a r e m a d e d i r e c t l y to the in s u r e d on a w e e k ly o r m o n th ly b a s is d u rin g illn e s s o r a c c id e n t d is a b ilit y . In fo r m a tio n is p r e s e n te d f o r a ll such p lan s to w h ich the e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u te s . H o w e v e r , in N e w Y o r k and N e w J e r s e y , w h ich h a ve e n a c te d t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y in s u ra n c e la w s w h ich r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n t r ib u t io n s ,4 p lan s a r e in c lu d e d o n ly i f the e m p lo y e r (1 ) c o n tr ib u te s m o r e than is le g a l l y r e q u ir e d , o r (2 ) p r o v id e s the e m p lo y e e w ith b e n e fits w h ich e x c e e d the r e q u ir e m e n ts o f the la w . T a b u la tio n s o f p a id s ic k - le a v e p lans a r e lim it e d to f o r m a l p lans 5 w h ic h p r o v id e fu ll p ay o r a p r o p o r tio n o f the w o r k e r 's p ay d u rin g a b s e n c e f r o m w o r k b e c a u s e o f illn e s s . S e p a r a te ta b u la tio n s a r e p r o v id e d a c c o r d in g to ( l ) p lans w h ich p r o v id e fu ll pay and no w a itin g p e r io d , and (2 ) plans p r o v id in g e it h e r p a r t ia l pay o r a w a itin g p e r io d . In a d d itio n to the p r e s e n ta tio n o f the p r o p o r tio n s o f w o r k e r s w ho a r e p r o v id e d s ic k n e s s and a c c id e n t in s u ra n c e o r p aid s ic k l e a v e , an u n d u p lic a ted to ta l is show n o f w o r k e r s w ho r e c e i v e e it h e r o r b oth ty p e s o f b e n e fit s . C a ta s tr o p h e in s u r a n c e , s o m e tim e s r e f e r r e d to as .e x te n d e d m e d ic a l in s u r a n c e , in c lu d e s th o s e p lan s w h ich a r e d e s ig n e d to p r o t e c t e m p lo y e e s in c a s e o f s ic k n e s s and in ju r y in v o lv in g e x p e n s e s b e yo n d the n o r m a l c o v e r a g e o f h o s p it a liz a tio n , m e d ic a l, and s u r g ic a l p la n s . M e d ic a l in s u r a n c e r e f e r s to p lans p r o v id in g f o r c o m p le t e o r p a r t ia l p a y m e n t o f d o c t o r s ' f e e s . Such p lans m a y b e u n d e r w r itte n b y c o m m e r c ia l in s u r a n c e c o m p a n ie s o r n o n p r o fit o r g a n iz a tio n s o r th e y m a y be s e lf- in s u r e d . T a b u la tio n s o f r e t ir e m e n t p e n s io n p lan s a r e li m i t e d to th ose plan s th at p r o v id e m o n th ly p a y m e n ts f o r the r e m a in d e r o f the w o r k e r 's l i f e . A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w as c o n s id e r e d as h a v in g a p o lic y i f it m e t 4 T h e t e m p o r a r y d is a b ilit y la w s in C a l i fo r n i a and R h o d e Is la n d e ith e r o f the fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s : (1 ) O p e r a te d la te s h ifts at the tim e do n ot r e q u ir e e m p lo y e r c o n tr ib u tio n s . o f the s u r v e y , o r (2 ) had f o r m a l p r o v is io n s c o v e r in g la te s h ifts . 5 A n e s ta b lis h m e n t w a s c o n s id e r e d as h a v in g a f o r m a l p la n i f 3 S ch ed u led w e e k ly h o u rs f o r o f f ic e w o r k e r s ( f i r s t s e c t io n oi tf e s ta b lis h e d at le a s t the m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s o f s ic k le a v e th at ta b le B - 3 ) in s u r v e y s m ad e p r io r to la te 1957 and e a r l y 1958 w e r e c o u ld be e x p e c te d b y e a c h e m p lo y e e . Such a p lan n e e d n o t b e w r it t e n , p r e s e n te d in te r m s o f the p r o p o r tio n o f w o m e n o f f ic e w o r k e r s e m but in fo r m a l s ic k - le a v e a llo w a n c e s , d e te r m in e d on an in d iv id u a l b a s is , p lo y e d in o f f ic e s w ith the in d ic a te d w e e k ly h o u rs f o r w o m e n w o r k e r s . w e r e e x c lu d e d . 4 A* Occupational Earnings Table A -l. O ffice Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , B ir m in g h a m , A la . , M a r c h I960) Average S e x , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d iv is io n Number of NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ s S S S $ $ $ S $ S $ $ $ $ s $ S $ Weeklyi Weekly i U n der 4 0 . 00 4 5. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 8 0. 00 8 5. 00 90. 00 9 5 .0 0 10 0 . oc 105.00 110 .00 115.00 120.00 1 25.00 1 30.00 *135.00|140.00 1* hours earnings and (Standard) (Standard) $ ' ■ “ ■ ■ ■ - j and “ “ u n d er 4 0 . 00 4 5 . 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 8 5. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105. 00 110.00 115 .00 120.00 125.00 130.00 1 3 5 .0 0 il4 0 .0 0 i o v e r i M en ! i C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s A -----------------M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g _ ________ __ — _ 152 71 81 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 $ 1 0 2.0 0 113.50 9 1 .5 0 _ - C l e r k s , a c c o u n tin g , c l a s s B -----------------M a n u fa ctu r in g --------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------------------------------- 91 41 50 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 8 6 .5 0 7 8 .5 0 9 2 .5 0 _ “ C l e r k s , o r d e r _____________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ________ _____ _____ _ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g __________ _______ 139 37 102 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 7 5 .5 0 9 0 .5 0 7 0 . 5p " C l e r k s , p a y r o l l _______ _________ _____ _ M a n u fa ctu r in g __________________________ 74 58 39. 5 4 0 .0 9 3 .5 0 100.00 O ffi c e b o y s _________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ___ — — __ _ — _ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____ ___ __________ _ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 ____________ ___ - 72 27 45 25 40. 40. 40. 40. 0 0 0 0 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , cla s s A _________________ — _ _____ 32 T a b u la t in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s B _____________________ __ __ ____ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g -------------------------------- 39 29 _ _ _ “ " ■ _ “ _ - _ “ 1 1 " 11 10 1 8 5 3 2 2 5 1 4 18 1 17 2 2 12 3 9 _ _ 5 5 . _ - i i 1 I 2 1 2 22 3 19 5 | 5 7 1 6 L j ! 7 2 5 19 9 10 10 4 6 18 12 6 3 2 1 11 11 6 4 2 12 4 8 40 4 36 3 3 ‘ . - . - . - " ip , i 9 1 .i i 1 I ~ 1 1 " 8 8 " 11 2 9 9 9 20 5 15 31 1 30 6 6 " 3 3 4 2 2 11 11 " . " _ _ _ “ ' 1 1 1 7 7 6 ' 6 11 11 9 3 9 9 i 1 1 21 9 12 10 10 " 1 1 - l l - 5 5 - - - _ - - - - - . - 5 5 " . - . - - - " ■ " - 2 2 3 3 6 5 1 1 i “ 9 " 55.0 0 4 9 .5 0 5 8 .5 0 6 2.0 0 _ " 15 13 2 " 10 4 6 4 20 3 17 8 6 2 4 1 6 1 5 5 6 1 5 1 _ ' 3 3 " 6 6 6 ■ ■ - - - - - - 40. 0 1 07.50 - - - - - - - - - 2 3 3 2 1 2 10 3 39. 5 39. 0 7 9.0 0 7 2 .0 0 - - 1 1 4 4 3 3 6 5 10 10 4 4 - - 4 1 - 3 1 2 " 1 1 - " 39. 40. 39. 38. 6 2 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 5 8.0 0 6 2.0 0 _ " 8 8 ■ 8 8 4 23 1 22 9 32 7 25 14 28 4 24 18 14 10 4 4 8 4 4 4 11 8 3 3 3 3 - 4 4 " 2 2 " 1 1 5 7.00 - 5 5 1 7 7 16 16 12 12 8 3 - - - - 1 i i - 3 3 1 1 - - - - - 6 - - - - _ - _ _ _ - W om en B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b illin g m a c h in e ) -----M a n u fa ctu r in g _ ---------- -------- __ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ------ -------_ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 _________ — __ 143 43 100 58 B i l l e r s , m a c h in e (b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e ) __________________________________ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------------- 50 44 5 0 0 5 4 0 .0 40. 0 5 5 .0 0 1 j 1 1 _ . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f t a b le . NOTE: E s t im a t e s f o r a ll in d u s t r ie s , n o n m a n u fa ctu r in g , and p u b lic u t ilit ie s in clu d e data f o r r a il r o a d s (SIC 4 0 ), o m it t e d f r o m the s c o p e o f a ll la b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s m a d e b e fo r e the w in t e r o f 1959—6 0 . W h ere s ig n ific a n t , the e f f e c t o f the in c lu s io n o f r a i l r o a d s is g r e a t e s t on the data sh ow n s e p a r a t e ly f o r the p u b lic u t ilit ie s d iv is io n . 5 Table A -l. O ffice Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is by in d u s t r y d iv is io n , B irm in g h a m , A l a . , M a r c h I96 0 ) N U M B E R OF WORKERS RECEIVING) STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY E AR NING S OF- Average S ex , o c c u p a t io n , and in d u s tr y d i v is i o n Number of workers $ $ $ $ $ S $ * * ( $ S s 1* $ S $ $ $ $ S Weekly Weekly U n d er 4 0 . 0 0 4 5 . 0 0 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 0 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 0 0 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 0 5 . 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 1 1 5 . 0 0 1 2 0 . 0 0 1 2 5 . 0 0 1 3 0 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0 1 4 0 . 0 0 * ho un 1 (Standard) (Standard) $ “ ~ “ “ and u n d er 4 5 . 00 5 0 . 0 0 5 5 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0 6 5 . 0 0 7 0 . 00 7 5 . 0 0 8 0 . 0 0 8 5 . 0 0 9 0 . 00 9 5 . 0 0 1 0 0 .0 0 1 0 5 .0 0 1 1 0 .0 0 1 1 5 .0 0 1 2 0 .0 0 1 2 5 .0 0 1 3 0 .0 0 1 3 5 .0 0 1 4 0 .0 0 over W o m e n — C on tin u ed B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , c l a s s A ----------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------- 46 38 4 1 .5 42. 0 $ 6 9 . 00 63. 50 B o o k k e e p in g -m a c h in e o p e r a t o r s , cla s s B -------- ---------------------------- - ----M a n u fa ctu r in g -------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ---------------------------- 310 63 247 40. 0 40. 0 4 0 .5 C le r k s , a cc o u n tin g , c l a s s A ----------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------- ------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s 2 __________________ 272 51 221 69 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 3 9 .5 - - " - 5 6 . 0068. 00 5 3 .0 0 - 43 - 43 74 7 67 7 9 .5 0 9 4 .5 0 76. 00 9 6 .0 0 _ - - . - - - - “ 60 C l e r k s , a cco u n tin g , c l a s s B ----------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------ r 567 111 456 39. 0 40. 0 3 8 .5 6 3 .0 0 7 1 .5 0 6 0 .5 0 8 8 16 - - 16 60 C le r k s , f i le , c l a s s A --------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g -------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------- 130 25 105 4 0 .0 40. 0 40. 0 6 0 . 00 8 3 .0 0 5 4 .5 0 . - 13 31 - - ■ 13 31 C le r k s , fi le , c l a s s B -------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------ 301 54 247 3 9 .0 40. 0 39. 0 5 2 .0 0 7 0 .5 0 4 7 .5 0 9 74 59 C le r k s , o r d e r ------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------- 61 28 33 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 66. 00 7 2 .5 0 60. 00 C le r k s , p a y r o l l -------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g -------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ------------------------------- 213 129 84 3 9 .5 3 9 .5 39. 5 6 9 .5 0 7 0 .5 0 6 8 .0 0 C o m p to m e t e r o p e r a t o r s XXarmfa r tn r in g Nnnm aniifa rh i Ting 176 42 134 4 0 .0 4 0 .0 40. 0 220 74 146 3 9 .5 40. 0 39. 0 39. 0 ------------------------.............. K eyp u n ch o p e r a t o r s -------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g _______ _____ ___ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 2 _____________ ___ S ee fo o t n o t e s at end o f ta b le, 44 - - 8 9 74 51 . - _ - 3 ■ 3 - - 4 4 2 2 25 25 - 62 13 49 29 36 4 32 26 6 20 - 22 - - 29 17 - 22 - 17 ~ 100 102 17 2 15 12 5 3 2 . - 12 83 5 78 28 1 27 5 5 5 3 2 10 10 15 15 5 7 3 4 18 8 10 13 5 8 1 . - _ - - 12 12 2 11 2 9 5 4 - - - - - - - - ~ - " - - " . - - - “ 4 4 " " . - _ - . - “ “ . - - - - - 1 1 - _ 1 - - - - 15 7 7 - _ - 20 24 17 - - 5 9 2 5 - 2 2 “ 14 25 1 24 - _ - 36 6 30 25 1 24 5 - - 6 12 - 1 1 - 6 1 - ' 18 8 8 - - 3 68. 50 8 2 .0 0 6 2 .0 0 6 8 .0 0 - - 8 5 3 3 - 1 14 6 4 4 4 - . - 2 14 6 6 . - 13 3 2 1 1 1 _ - 1 - 15 4 - . - 16 17 " 6 6 " 20 21 - 1 - 8 5 39 11 28 - 1 13 13 - 4 7 13 - 4 2 5 21 - - 2 21 - 8 8 9 7 . - 3 3 “ 3 6 1 .0 0 6 9 .0 0 5 8 .5 0 - 32 2 30 30 21 18 ■ - 4 2 2 2 5 3 8 - - 10 8 2 2 14 9 - - ■ 11 39 28 11 7 1 1 " 1 " - - - - ~ - 47 27 20 6 2 1 3 2 1 - - - 2 14 - - - - _ - 9 9 - 26 14 12 12 33 5 28 . - _ - - - - 4 1 17 5 12 9 - - - - 1 5 _ 5 - 23 3 20 17 24 2 22 2 - 26 7 19 4 11 3 8 1 37 10 8 3 3 - 37 5 10 5 3 2 2 34 6 28 - 32 19 13 - 1 - 10 10 " 84 17 67 - 7 7 - 23 7 16 71 26 45 - 2 21 10 11 46 17 29 - 2 " - 94 8 3 - 6 5 92 8 1 1 1 1 l 3 3 6 2 37 30 4 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 - 2 2 - - - - - - " - . - . - - - - - _ - _ - . - . - . - - - - - - - - - 1 _ - _ - - - - 6 Table A-l. Office Occupations-Continued (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a rn in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , B ir m in g h a m , A la . , M a r c h I960) Sex, occupation, and industry division Average Number of Weekly Weekly Under workers (Standard) (Standard) earnings1 fo.oo NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $40. 00 $45. 00 $50. 00 $55. 00 $60. 00 $65. 00 $70. 00 $75. 00 s80. 00 $85. 00 90. 00 $95.00 $100.00 $105.00 $110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135. ool ^40.00 and and under 45. 00 50. 00 55. 00 60. 00 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 1140.00 over t Women—Continued Office girls __________________________ Nonm anufacturing--------------------------- 53 48 ! 39. 5 $47. 50 39. 5 48. 00 1 1 25 21 14 13 6 6 4 4 " 3 3 4 4 - 6 1 5 35 1 34 ' 40 4 36 1 42 12 30 2 98 27 71 5 . ! . . 64 18 46 8 91 36 55 16 73 38 35 13 1 j ! j j - . - - 47 24 23 6 21 7 14 9 55 38 17 7 43 22 21 15 63 44 19 11 44 24 20 10 68 44 24 6 57 34 23 19 75 71 4 3 . i - - - - - - - - 82 35 47 45 39 27 12 11 25 13 12 9 7 6 1 1 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 13 12 1 - 2 2 - . - . _ - - _ - _ - _ _ - _ _ - “ . ~ . " . . “ . - . " . - ~ _ - _ - . - . " - “ - - Secretaries ---------------------------------------M anufacturing_____________________ Nonmanufacturing__________________ Public utilities 2 ------------------------- 775 320 455 154 39. 5 40. 0 39. 5 39. 5 84. 50 92.00 79. 00 98. 50 _ ■ Stenographers, general _______________ M anufacturing_____________________ Nonmanufacturing------------------- ----Public u tilities2 ------------------------- 893 340 553 160 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 39. 0 70. 00 81.00 63. 00 69. 50 9 9 - 17. 17 “ 66 66 8 73 11 62 18 96 17 79 20 137 38 99 22 100 20 80 22 63 29 34 19 Switchboard o p e ra to rs________________ M anufacturing_____________________ Nonmanufacturing__________________ Public utilities 2 ------------------------- 164 42 122 26 6 6 ■ 27 4 23 • 18 8 10 2 14 3 11 1 5 5 1 10 1 9 7 16 2 14 14 5 5 “ 18 18 - 111 57 54 “ 13 3 10 36 13 23 9 4 5 22 17 5 6 1 5 1 5 4 1 - Switchboard operator-receptionists ___ M anufacturing-------------------------------Nonmanufacturing--------------------------- 62. 00 24 15 - i 81.00 56. 50 3 24 15 81.00 " 40. 0 63. 00 _ 6 39. 5 68. 50 40. 5 58. 00 6 10 10 " 1 1 “ 4 4 2 2 “ 2 2 “ Tabulating-machine operators, class B _____________________________ Nonmanufacturing__________________ 60 54 38. 5 64. 50 38. 5 63. 00 " " 10 10 2 2 12 11 4 4 19 19 6 4 3 1 ' _ 3 3 - 1 • - • ■ - - - - - Transcribing-m achine operators, general _____________________________ M anufacturing-------------------------------Nonm anufacturing--------------------------- 71 27 44 39. 5 59.50 40. 0 64. 50 39. 5 j 56.00 “ 4 4 12 12 9 9 17 15 2 4 4 18 9 9 4 4 1 1 2 2 _ * - ■ _ _ “ - ■ - " _ - - Typists, class A ________________ ___ Manufacturing _ ___________________ Nonm anufacturing--------------------------- 159 69 90 40. 0 66. 50 40.0 79. 00 39. 5 56. 50 . - 8 8 27 7 20 23 23 13 13 10 3 7 9 19 5 ------5” 4 13 5 5 _ 19 19 ■ 3 2 1 23 22 1 ~ - ' - - - - - - - Typists, class B _____________________ M anufacturing----------- -------- ----Nonm anufacturing__________________ 279 62 217 39.5 53. 00 40. 0 65. 50 39. 0 49. 50 67 67 63 63 42 7 35 45 20 25 30 10 20 11 11 3 3 1 1 2 2 4 4 . - _ _ . - - 41.0 40. 0 41. 5 40. 0 . - _ 11 4 7 _ - . - S ta n d a rd h o u r s r e f l e c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and the e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to t h e s e w e e k ly h o u r s, T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 2 at $ 2 5 to $ 3 0 ; 14 at $ 3 0 to $ 3 5 ; 8 at $ 3 5 to $ 4 0 . 1 1 “ - - . ■ ■ . . . - - - - - 7 Table A-2. Professional and Technical Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e w e e k ly h o u r s and e a r n in g s f o r s e le c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ied on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d iv is io n , B irm in g h a m , A l a . , M a r c h I96 0 ) Avebaqk Sex, occupation, and industry division Number of workers Weekly, hours 1 (Standard) NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ S $ $ s $ $ $ Weekly Under 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 *95.00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 earnings 1 and and (Standard) $ under 65. 00 70. 00 75. 00 80. 00 85. 00 90. 00 95. 00 100.00 105.00 110.00 115.00 120.00 125.00 130.00 135.00 140.00 145.00 150.00 155.00 160.00 165.00 over i Men Draftsmen, leader ---------------------------Manufacturing ------------------------------ 40 37 40. 0 $ 161.50 40. 0 163.00 - Draftsmen, senior ---------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------Nonmanufacturing ------------------------- 399 332 67 40. 0 40. 0 40. 5 3 3 Draftsmen, junior ---------------------------Manufacturing -----------------------------Nonmanufacturing ---------------------------------- 160 114 46 40. 0 40. 0 40. 0 40 30 39.5 40. 0 124.50 128.50 104.50 3 18 92.00 8 78.50 10 8 8 .0 0 - - - - " 10 6 4 - - - - - - " 3 3 1 " 5 5 1 1 1 1 3 2 14 9 17 13 4 36 25 11 30 21 58 56 2 21 19 2 21 19 2 19 11 14 14 " 21 21 " 19 18 1 16 16 7 5 - 11 7 4 19 18 1 18 18 - . . " _ 3 3 9 6 3 19 12 7 4 2 2 5 1 4 11 7 4 15 9 6 28 21 7 14 10 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 2 9 5 5 2 " 5 9 9 . - " “ 2 1 1 1 8 _ - - 10 9 2 2 2 14 14 - 41 41 " 25 25 “ 4 4 " _ _ . . ■ “ - " _ 1 1 . _ - - - - . - - . . Women Nurses, industrial (registered) ------------Manufacturing ----------------------------------------- 95.50 97.50 3 5 4 4 8 3 2 1 S tandard h o u r s r e f le c t the w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p lo y e e s r e c e iv e t h e ir r e g u la r s t r a ig h t - t im e s a la r i e s and th e e a r n in g s c o r r e s p o n d to th e s e w e e k ly h o u r s . 2 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 4 at $ 165 to $ 190; 10 at $ 190 to $ 215. 3 W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s f o l lo w s : 9 at $ 5 0 to $ 5 5 ; 7 at $ 55 to $ 6 0 ; 2 at $ 6 0 to $ 6 5 . NOTE: S ee n ote on p . 4 , r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a ilr o a d s . . 8 Table A-3. Maintenance and Powerplant Occupations (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r m e n in s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s t r y d i v is i o n , B ir m in g h a m , A la . , M a r c h I96 0 ) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G ST R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F— O c c u p a t io n and in d u s t r y d iv is io n of workers $ $ $ s $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Under 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 . 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 hourly e&mingB1 $ and and under 1. 30 1 .4 0 1. 50 1 . 60 1. 70 1 . 80 1. 90 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2 .4 0 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 2 . 80 2. 90 3. 00 3. 10 3. 20 3. 30 3 .4 0 3. 50 3. 60 3. 70 o v e r 1 - “ - - 2 2 - 3. 16 3. 18 - - - - - _ - - - - - - - 2. 95 3. 09 2 . 26 - - - - 9 - 1 1 " * " C a r p e n t e r s , m a in te n a n ce _______________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ___________________ __ 280 259 $ 2 . 83 2. 87 E l e c t r i c i a n s , m a in te n a n ce __ __ __ __ M a n u fa ctu r in g _________________________ 725 708 E n g i n e e r s , s t a t io n a r y __________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ________ _____ _____ N on m a n u fa c tu rin g ------------------------------- 179 150 29 1 8 2 4 4 9 3 8 1 6 6 16 15 2 1 23 23 151 151 j 2 2 11 8 5 4 32 32 33 33 25 25 10 1 - 12 12 _ - - 1 12 10 2 10 10 27 25 - 4 4 - 2 1 . 6 6 4 - 2 6 - - _ - 2 6 ■ | - - 1i 20 17 2 2 - 20 20 - - - 41 41 31 31 218 218 62 62 62 62 38 38 _ 99 42 35 - 28 27 24 24 6 _ - 25 24 _ _ 8 8 8 8 - 1 8 8 - - * - - - - - - 12 12 2 2 - 16 16 - 42 42 _ _ 14 14 - ' 4 2 I j 1 1 1 1 _ _ _ _ - - - 2 10 6 3 7 3 £, 11 9 2 2 4 1 - - - 3 3 7 7 F ir e m e n , s t a t io n a r y b o i l e r ____________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ____________ ________ 65 56 2. 54 2. 77 29 H e l p e r s , t r a d e s , m a in te n a n ce _______ M a n n fa rtn rin g Nnnm a n n fa rtn rin g P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 4 ----------------------------- 669 627 42 29 2. 38 2 .4 3 1. 74 1. 92 6 194 194 2 .8 9 2. 89 814 814 3. 14 3. 14 365 2 .4 1 2. 50 2. 37 2 .4 3 - - M a c h i n e -t o o l o p e r a t o r s , t o o lr o o m -------------------------------------------------- 8 M a c h in is t s , m a in te n a n ce ________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________ M e c h a n ic s , a u to m o tiv e (m a in te n a n c e ) _____________ __________ M a n u fa ctu r in g -------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ___________ ___ ___ P u b lic u t i l i t i e s 4 _____________ __ 111 254 204 - . . " ■ ~ ~ - - 2 2 - - - ~ - - - _ " - M e c h a n ic s , m a in te n a n ce -------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________ N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ____________________ 729 661 68 2. 97 3. 03 2. 35 M illw r ig h t s _______________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------- __ ------------- 330 330 2. 87 2. 87 O il e r s — ________________ ___ _____ M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________ _ 171 171 2 .4 8 2 .4 8 _ _ - 62 46 2. 63 2. 65 _ 108 108 2 .7 9 2 . 79 __ P a in t e r s ____________________________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g _____ _____ __ __ __ T o o l and d ie m a k e r s _____________________ M a n u fa ctu r in g — ----- __ ------------- 1 2 J 4 - - - _ " 3 3 1 _ _ - 6 6 6 6 - 30 30 15 5 29 28 67 26 10 10 1 1 66 1 1 20 6 6 - _ - " ■ “ - 8 12 - 8 5 7 - 1 - _ - 7 7 - 12 8 1 1 _ _ 6 6 S ee n o te on p . 4 , r e la t iv e t o th e in c lu s io n o f r a ilr o a d s , . _ " " 6 6 20 19 19 ~TF~ 79 8 - - - 63 46 8 20 20 14 35 23 4 12 2 3 12 4 4 _ _ - - 3 3 . 114 114 20 20 2 22 2 22 30 30 - 7 15 15 2 2 21 ------- 5" 15 14 5 5 27 8 8 . - - - 18 18 41 41 18 18 51 51 23 23 24 24 34 34 2 2 4 4 4 15 15 86 86 17 17 75 75 134 134 30 30 4 4 362 362 54 35 42 30 13 2 2 19 19 17 17 17 17 _ “ 7 7 _ _ _ 2 2 3 3 8 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 28 28 39 39 48 48 8 8 112 112 96 96 20 20 - 76 76 - . . _ _ _ - - - - - - - 18 18 - - - - - - - 10 10 7 4 2 . . . 1 - - - - - - - 6 6 55 55 2 2 10 10 _ - . _ _ _ 15 13 51 50 81 77 4 11 11 11 6 - 1 - 30 30 32 32 35 35 127 127 11 11 6 6 16 16 44 44 10 10 6 6 1 1 5 4 11 11 4 24 24 10 10 _ 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - 3 2 - - 21 6 6 - 26 26 - - - - - 4 * 15 15 - 12 32 26 26 - 6 29 29 5 1 13 13 - 54 54 24 24 - 2 6 2 ------- F 2 25 40 8 1 . 7 3 4 2 2 E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 6 at $ 1 to $ 1. 10; 3 at $ 1. 20 to $ 1. 30. W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 1 at $ 1 to $ 1. 10; 2 at $ 1. 10 to $ 1. 20; 3 at $ 1. 20 t o $ 1. 30. T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o t h e r p u b lic u t il it i e s . NOTE: _ 1 1 i - 94 93 - ' 9 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations (Average straigh t-tim e hourly earnings for selected occupations studied on an area basis by industry division, Birm ingham , A la ., M arch I960) N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G ST R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F— O c c u p a t io n 1 and in d u str y d i v is i o n E le v a t o r o p e r a t o r s , p a s s e n g e r ----------------------------------------------(w o m e n ) G u a rd s -----------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------ J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s (m en ) ------------------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------ J a n it o r s , p o r t e r s , and c l e a n e r s (w o m e n ) -------------------------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------- Number of $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Average hourly , U nder 0 . 60 0. 70 0 . 80 0 . 90 1.0 0 1 . 10 1 . 20 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 . 00 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 .6 0 and earnings $ 0. 60 u n d er . 80 . 70 • 90 1.0 0 1 . 10 1 . 2 0 1. 30 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1. 70 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 . 00 ' 2 . 10 2 . 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2 . 60 2. 70 ! 148 148 $ 0 .6 5 . 65 222 2 . 09 2. 23 132 3 46 46 10 10 3 3 1 21 21 1 1 .4 1 1 .7 8 1 .0 8 1 .5 7 39 39 371 347 .8 4 .7 9 13 13 _ - L a b o r e r s , m a t e r ia l ha n dlin g -------------M a n u fa ctu r in g -----------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------P iH Iir 1, 827 949 878 264 1 .7 2 1 .9 4 1 .4 9 2. 23 O r d e r f i l l e r s -------------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g -----------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------- 292 51 241 1. 33 2. 04 1 . 18 P a ck ers, sh ip p in g _______________________ 247 2. 24 R e c e iv in g c l e r k s -----------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g -----------------------------------N on m a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------- 99 45 54 1 .8 7 2. 36 1 .4 6 - Shipping c l e r k s --------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ------------------------------------ 169 131 38 2 .4 9 2. 74 1 .6 4 - Shipping and r e c e iv in g c l e r k s ------------M a n u fa ctu r in g -----------------------------------N o n m a n u fa c tu rin g ----------------------------- 252 167 85 2. 37 2 .4 8 2. 14 - T r u c k d r i v e r s 7 ---------------------------------------M a n u fa ctu r in g ________________________ N o n m a n u fa ctu rin g ----------------------------P u b lic u t ilit ie s '* --------------------------- 1, 923 631 1 , 292 540 1.9 2 2 . 08 • 53 53 180 180 . - 16 - 16 57 57 . - 74 74 7 7 - 46 46 4 4 - - - - “ - - - - “ - - - - - - - - - . - - 23 17 18 18 - - 2 36 41 195 - 3 _ - - 2 5 3 4 - - " - - i 78 34 44 7 72 17 55 26 25 9 28 11 ; 23 2 20 25 \ 6 1 1 _ 137 44 93 144 118 26 21 16 44 44 13 13 14 5 9 7 4 12 9 12 3 1 4 10 10 7 7 - 115 73 42 20 4 5 - - - - 1 4 10 10 1 1 7 7 245 7 238 80 5 75 1 22 “ 3 1 2 . 80 2. 90 $ 2 . 90 $ 3. 00 and 3. 00 over 13 9 34 34 22 22 36 36 18 1 97 77 6 “ 10 10 - - - - | 65 62 108 103 5 5 47 47 14 14 - 16 8 8 2 2 - - - _ _ _ _ _ . _ 16 6 20 20 3 3 3 3 1 1 2 2 _ - 300 236 64 55 78 69 9 g 173 98 75 75 123 111 12 30 30 - 21 21 - - 124 19 105 105 18 4 14 14 50 50 - - 4 4 - 30 30 - - - 26 26 - - 2 2 2 2 - - - 4 4 - 4 6 140 2 4 3 3 3 3 8 8 3 3 9 9 2 2 1 1 3 3 3 3 - 2 2 6 6 15 15 4 4 *42 42 36 36 6 32 6 1 9 1 6 - 5 3 1 ^ 14 6 2 12 3 3 3 20 5 3 20 2 3 _ 25 14 2 2 2 " 11 182 107 75 95 79 16 46 46 3 12 - " - 33 - 12 12 6 - 2 . 80 $ " 24 j 12 j 17 i i ; 3 6 2 - 29 - 27 44 44 133 14 ' 1191 28 34 31 8 " 18 5 13 7 106 106 " 1 - 11 2. 70 1 1 129 106 23 5 24 j 11 86 41 45 23 112 10 10 2 302 302 1 See footnotes at end of table, 1 1 - 1, 271 606 665 114 1 .8 4 2. 45 65 65 $ 4 4 i i 7 5 5 - . - 4 4 11 11 11 10 9 9 2 2 24 24 8 6 2 19 16 3 30 29 23 11 21 5 2 - _ 6 8 17 4 1 28 4 - - 20 100 70 15 55 41 31 298 26 74 50 334 163 171 163 90 15 5 5 22 19 279 273 134 134 4 6 2 2 4 2 2 9 3 - 7 5 3 2 3 3 5 5 - - 18 26 n 2 12 78 3 3 9 2 - 4 . - 36 8 - - - 8 10 Table A-4. Custodial and Material Movement Occupations-Continyed (A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s f o r s e l e c t e d o c c u p a t io n s stu d ie d on an a r e a b a s is b y in d u s tr y d iv is io n , B ir m in g h a m , A la . , M a r c h I960) Occupation1 and industry division Truckdriver s:7— Continued Truckdrivers, light (under 11 tons) _________________ M anufacturing--------------------------Nonmanufacturing--------------------- Number of workers N U M B E R O F W O R K E R S R E C E IV IN G ST R A IG H T -T IM E H O U R L Y E A R N IN G S O F— $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Average hourly 2 Under 0.and60 0.70 0. 80 0. 90 1.00 1. 10 1.20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2.40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 $2. 80 $2. 90 $3. 00 earnings $ and 0. 60 under . 70 . 80 .90 1.00 1.10 1. 20 1. 30 1.40 1. 50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2. 00 2. 10 2. 20 2. 30 2. 40 2. 50 2. 60 2. 70 2. 80 2. 90 3. 00 over i ! 1 ! I 183 $1. 18 50 1.41 133 1. 10 - - " 10 10 10 10 67 7 60 23 7 16 Truckdrivers, medium ( l1^ to and including 4 tons) ____________ M anufacturing--------------------------Nonmanufacturing--------------------PiiKI i r nti li ti p q ^ 1, 315 322 993 516 1.93 1.96 1.91 2. 45 - - - 1 1 18 18 Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, trailer type) _______________ Nonmanufacturing______________ 184 116 1.91 2. 17 ■ " " “ " " Truckdrivers, heavy (over 4 tons, other than trailer type) __________ 67 1.83 - - - - - 398 301 2. 19 2. 37 - - 7 - - - - - - 7 T ruckers, power (other than forklift) ______________ ________________ M anufacturing_______________________ 94 66 1.88 2. 02 ~ - " " ~ 15 - W atch m en --------- ----------------------------------M anufacturing----------------------------------N onm anufacturing___________________- 190 99 91 1.40 1.62 1. 16 16 9 16 - . - . - . 4 4 40 11 29 7 7 Truckers, power (forklift) ___________ M anufacturing------------------------------N onm anufacturing___________________ PiiKlir ntiliti pq 4 97 32 1.64 2. 58 66 195 7 59 195 26 5 21 22 20 2 13 3 10 27 115 - 42 27 73 62 56 6 9 9 18 18 45 " 20 - 18 9 - - 10 - 39 - - 24 21 10 " 39 3 3 40 40 - 3 3 - - ! ■ j - jj “ 3 3 - - - - 20 - 28 " 4 4 21 21 - ■ 20 9 8 1 12 7 5 19 18 li 1 7 4 1 I 2 2 - 64 “ “ 6 6 3 5 3 3 14 8 6 12 3 7 7 10 10 D ata lim it e d to m e n w o r k e r s e x c e p t w h e re o t h e r w is e in d ic a t e d . E x c lu d e s p r e m iu m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o lid a y s , and la te s h ift s . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s : 16 at $ 0. 30 to $ 0. 40; 25 at $ 0. 40 to $ 0. 50; 5 at $ 0. 50 to $ 0 . 6 0 . T r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and o th e r p u b lic u t ilit ie s . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s : 14 at $ 3 to $ 3 . 1 0 ; 14 at $ 3 . 1 0 to $ 3 . 20; 10 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; 4 at $ 3 .3 0 and o v e r . W o r k e r s w e r e d is t r ib u t e d a s fo llo w s : 1 2 at $ 3. 10 to $ 3. 20; 12 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; 8 at $ 3 .3 0 and o v e r . I n clu d e s a ll d r iv e r s r e g a r d le s s o f s iz e and ty p e o f t r u c k o p e r a t e d . W o r k e r s w e r e d i s t r ib u t e d a s fo l lo w s : 44 at $ 3 to $ 3. 10; 8 at $ 3. 20 to $ 3. 30; 12 at $ 3 . 30 and o v e r . A l l w o r k e r s w e r e at $ 0 . 50 to $ 0 . 60. NOTE: S ee note on p . 4 , r e la t iv e to the in c lu s io n o f r a il r o a d s . j 56 323 i 38 154 1 12 ' i; 5 24 169 ! 26 1 50 163 l 1 j I 2 2 52 2 2 52 " 27 1 - 9 - 19 15 44 - _____ i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 5 2 1 8 ! 8 - 3 11 9 1 - i i | - i 1i 1 5 5 - 31 _ 22 i 6 61 1 22 ; 6 ! 6 - l - 1 - - 59 5 1 3 - - - - - - 263 61 10 ! 169 51 1 7 263 41 257 - - - - - 7 4 2 2 16 16 - - - 8 8 - 2 12 3 - - - - 9 5 2 2 - 22 22 - 15 15 - 39 8 8 - 24 24 - 6 8 64 64 - 17 9 - 2 2 21 21 " “ ■ ■ “ 6 6 - - - - - 4 4 . - . 12 27 27 . . - - B: Establishment Practices and Supplementary Wage Provisions Table B-l. Shift Differentials ( P e r c e n t o f m a n u fa c t u r in g p la n t w o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r s h ift w o r k , a n d in e s t a b l is h m e n t s a c t u a ll y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h ift s b y t y p e an d a m o u n t o f d i f f e r e n t i a l , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a , , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) In e s t a b l is h m e n t s h a v in g f o r m a l p r o v is io n s 1 fo r — In e s t a b l is h m e n t s a c t u a ll y o p e r a tin g — S h ift d i f f e r e n t i a l S e c o n d s h ift w ork T ota l -------------------------------------------------------------------------- T h ir d o r o t h e r s h ift w o r k S e c o n d s h ift T h ir d o r o t h e r s h ift 9 3 .9 8 3 .4 1 9. 3 10. 6 ---------------------------------- 86. 7 8 1 .6 17. 6 10. 2 ----------------------------- 86. 7 77. 5 1 7. 6 10. 1 3 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------4 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------5 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------6 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------7 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------7 x/ 2 c e n t s ------------------------- -------- ------------------ 8 c e n t s _______________________________________ 9 c e n t s ----------------------------------------------------------10 c e n t s _____________________________________ 12 c e n t s -------------------------------- --------- — ........... 13 c e n t s ------------------------------ — ____ _________ 14 1/ 3 c e n t s --------------------------------------------------- .4 1 .5 2. 4 4. 3 1 .8 1 .8 64. 8 2. 1 3. 2 4 .4 _ W ith s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l U n ifo r m c e n t s ( p e r h o u r ) F u ll d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s __________ F u ll d a y 's p a y f o r r e d u c e d h o u r s p lu s c e n t s p e r h o u r _______________________________ N o s h ift p a y d i f f e r e n t i a l _________________________ _ _ _ _ _ . 2 . 3 . 1 .4 1 4. 6 . 3 . 7 1. 0 _ _ .6 _ _ . _ _ _ 9 .4 . 1 - ( 2) - ( 2) - 3 .9 .7 _ _ _ 1. 1 5. 8 64. 7 1 .0 . 3 - .7 - 3 .4 " . 1 7. 2 1 .8 1. 7 .4 1 I n c l u d e s e s t a b l is h m e n t s c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e e v e n th o u g h t h e y w e r e n ot c u r r e n t l y o p e r a t i n g la t e s h i ft s . 2 L e s s th a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t . s h i ft s , a n d e s t a b l is h m e n t s w it h f o r m a l p r o v i s i o n s c o v e r i n g la t e s h ift s 12 Table B-2. Minimum Entrance Salaries for W om en O ffice W orkers ( D i s t r i b u t i o n o f e s t a b l is h m e n t s s t u d ie d in a ll in d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y m in i m u m e n t r a n c e s a l a r y f o r s e l e c t e d c a t e g o r i e s o f i n e x p e r i e n c e d w o m e n o f f i c e w o r k e r s , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) In e x p e r ie n c e d ty p is ts M a n u fa c t u r in g O t h e r in e x p e r i e n c e d c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s 2 N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g M a n u fa c t u r in g N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g M in im u m w e e k l y s a l a r y 1 A ll i n d u s t r ie s B a s e d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s 40 A ll s c h e d u le s A ll i n d u s t r ie s 40 B a se d on sta n d a rd w e e k ly h o u r s 3 o f— A ll s c h e d u le s 40 A ll s c h e d u le s 40 ___ 123 48 XXX 75 XXX 123 48 XXX 75 XXX E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g a s p e c i f i e d m i n i m u m -------------------------------- 41 14 13 27 21 60 23 21 37 27 $ 3 5 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 3 7 . 50 _________________________________________ $ 3 7 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 4 0 . 0 0 _______________________________________ $ 4 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 2 . 50 _________________________________________ $ 4 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 4 5 . 00 ------------------------- ------------------- ----------$ 4 5 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 4 7 . 50 ________________________________ _______ $ 4 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 5 0. 00 ____________________ _____ ___________ $ 5 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 52. 50 ________________________________ _______ $ 5 2. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 5 5. 00 _________________________________________ $ 5 5 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 5 7 .5 0 _________________________________________ $ 5 7. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 6 0 . 00 _________________________________________ $ 6 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 6 2 . 50 ________________________ ______________ $ 6 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 6 5 . 00 ___________________________________ ___ $ 6 5 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 6 7 . 50 -------------------------------------------------------------$ 6 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 7 0 . 00 ____________________ __________________ $ 7 0 . 00 a n d u n d e r $ 7 2 . 50 _________________ _____________________ $ 7 2 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 7 5. 00 _________________________________________ $ 7 5 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 7 7 . 50 _________________________________________ $ 7 7 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 8 0 . 00 _________________________________________ O v e r $ 8 0 . 00 __ _________________________ ___________________________ 1 2 13 2 4 2 5 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 . _ 1 1 10 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 - 4 1 3 6 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 3 6 1 3 1 1 2 " - 1 3 17 5 8 3 9 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 1 _ 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 12 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 - _ 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 - " ~ 1 3 13 4 5 3 3 1 1 1 _ 1 1 1 1 10 2 4 3 2 1 1 _ 1 _ _ 1 E s t a b li s h m e n t s s t u d i e d ____________________________ ____________ , 2 - ___________________ 17 9 XXX 8 XXX 21 12 XXX 9 XXX E s t a b li s h m e n t s w h ic h d id n o t e m p l o y w o r k e r s in t h is c a t e g o r y _______________________________________________________ 65 25 XXX 40 XXX 42 13 XXX 29 XXX E s t a b li s h m e n t s h a v in g n o s p e c i f i e d m in i m u m L o w e s t s a l a r y r a t e f o r m a l l y e s t a b l i s h e d f o r h i r in g in e x p e r i e n c e d w o r k e r s f o r t y p in g o r o t h e r c l e r i c a l j o b s . R a t e s a p p l ic a b l e to m e s s e n g e r s , o f f i c e g i r l s , o r s i m i l a r s u b c l e r i c a l j o b s a r e n o t c o n s i d e r e d . H o u r s r e f l e c t th e w o r k w e e k f o r w h ic h e m p l o y e e s r e c e i v e t h e i r r e g u l a r s t r a i g h t - t i m e s a l a r i e s . D a ta a r e p r e s e n t e d f o r a l l w o r k w e e k s c o m b in e d , a n d f o r th e m o s t c o m m o n w o r k w e e k r e p o r t e d . NOTE: S ee n ote on p . 13, r e l a t i v e t o th e i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . 13 Table B-3. Scheduled W e e k ly Hours ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s in a ll i n d u s t r ie s an d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y s c h e d u l e d w e e k l y h o u r s o f f i r s t - s h i f t w o r k e r s , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r c h i9 6 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS W e e k ly h o u r s All industries 1 ------------------------------------------------------------ 100 U n der h o u r s --------------------------------------------- 371/ 2 h o u r s -----------------------------------------------------------O v e r 37 V 2 a n d u n d e r 4 0 h o u r s -----------------------40 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 40 an d u n d e r 4 4 h o u r s ----------------------------4 4 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 4 4 and u n d e r 4 8 h o u r s ----------------------------48 h o u r s ___________________________________________ O v e r 48 and u n d e r 5 4 h o u r s ----------------------------5 4 h o u r s ----------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 54 h o u r s ---------------------- --------------------------------- 2 8 4 82 A ll w o r k e r s 2>71/z } 2 3 4 (4 ) 1 .2 n (4 ) Manufacturing 100 (4 ) 2 1 96 - 1 - PLANT WORKERS Public utilities 2 100 2 25 - 73 - - - All industries 3 Manufacturing 100 1 2 (4 ) 75 2 2 5 5 3 4 1 100 100 3 86 5 3 6 - - 85 2 1 1 ( 4) 6 2 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e ; an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , and o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e t a il t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: Public utilities2 E s t i m a t e s f o r a ll i n d u s t r ie s an d p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s in c lu d e d a t a f o r r a i l r o a d s (S IC 4 0 ), o m it t e d f r o m th e s c o p e o f a l l l a b o r m a r k e t w a g e s u r v e y s m a d e b e f o r e th e w in t e r o f 1 9 5 9 - 6 0 . W h e r e s i g n ifi c a n t , th e e f f e c t o f th e i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s i s g r e a t e s t o n th e d a ta s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y f o r th e p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s d i v i s i o n . 14 Table B-4. Paid Holidays ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e an d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s and in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y n u m b e r o f p a id h o l id a y s p r o v i d e d a n n u a lly , B ir m in g h a m , A l a . , M a r c h I 9 6 0 ) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS Item A ll w o r k e r s All industries1 ------------------------------------------------------------------- W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id h o l id a y s ------------------------------------------------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id h o l id a y s ------------------------------------------------------ Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries^ Manufacturing Public utilities2 100 100 100 100 100 100 99 99 100 91 96 100 1 1 9 4 - 1 25 5 12 1 13 1 9 _ 3 i 52 (4 ) 3 1 5 2 10 2 79 (4 ) 3 3 57 57 68 73 98 99 99 82 82 91 93 99 99 99 ■ Number of days L e s s th a n h o l id a y s h o l id a y s h o l id a y s h o l id a y s h o l id a y s h o l id a y s h o l id a y s h o l id a y s 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 5 h o l id a y s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------p lu s 1 h a lf d a y -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------p lu s 1 h a lf d a y --------------------------------------p lu s 2 h a l f d a y s --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------p lu s 1 h a lf d a y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ n _ 3 - 20 (4 ) 4 72 - " 1 64 2 1 81 - _ 9 20 71 - 2 2 67 67 76 77 90 91 91 2 2 85 85 93 93 96 96 96 71 71 91 91 100 100 100 - (4 ) 8 - 2 Total holiday time5 8 d a y s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 1/ 2 o r m o r e d a y s -------------------------------------------------7 o r m o r e d a y s -----------------------------------------------------6 1/ z o r m o r e d a y s 6 or m ore days ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 l/z o r m o r e d a y s 5 4 1 or m ore days or m ore days or m ore days ( 4) (4 ) _ - 77 77 97 97 100 100 100 _ 1 2 3 I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; and s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , an d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . I n c l u d e s d a ta f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . L e s s th a n 0. 5 p e r c e n t . 5 A l l c o m b in a t i o n s o f f u l l a n d h a lf d a y s th a t a d d t o th e s a m e a m o u n t a r e c o m b in e d ; f o r e x a m p le , th e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g a t o t a l o f 7 d a y s i n c lu d e s t h o s e w ith 7 f u l l d a y s n o h a lf d a y s , 6 f u l l d a y s a n d 2 h a lf d a y s , 5 fu l l d a y s an d 4 h a lf d a y s , a n d s o o n . P r o p o r t i o n s w e r e th e n c u m u l a te d . 4 NOTE: S e e n o te o n p . 1 3, r e l a t i v e t o th e in c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . and 15 Table B-5. Paid Vacations ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a ll in d u s t r i e s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v i s i o n s , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y A ll w o r k e r s ------------------ ----------------------------------------- All industries 1 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 98 90 - 100 100 - 2 - 100 89 11 - 100 100 - “ " ■ 2 " _ 11 50 1 3 15 63 - 8 7 - 3 - - . 42 6 ( 5) - 5 31 1 _ 28 5 66 _ 11 13 76 52 48 1 87 10 _ 95 5 _ 67 33 14 1 80 5 9 1 77 13 22 5 73 - 77 1 19 - 91 9 - 42 58 - 7 2 86 5 4 4 79 13 14 28 38 32 ~ 24 58 19 “ 25 75 “ 1 92 5 2 1 84 13 2 6 1 90 2 2 96 2 100 - Method of payment W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g p a id v a c a t i o n s -----------------------------------------------------L e n g t h - o f - t i m e p a y m e n t -------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e p a y m e n t ___________________________ F l a t - s u m p a y m e n t _____________________________ O t h e r ____ __ _____ _____ — -----------------------W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g n o p a id v a c a t i o n s ________________________________ 7 Amount off vacation p a y 4 A fte r 6 m on th s o f s e r v i c e U nder 1 w eek ------------------------- ----------------------------1 w eek _ -------- ---------------------- ----------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s ________________________ ___________________ 7 A fte r 1 y e a r o f s e r v ic e U n der 1 w eek ______________________________________ 1 w eek _______________________________________________ O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------------- ----------------------------- A fte r 2 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k ---------------------------------- ----------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------2 w e e k s --------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------A fte r 3 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w eek ------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ----------------------------------2 w e e k s ------------------------------- ----------------------------------O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------- ( 5) 86 • A fte r 5 y e a r s o f s e r v ic e 1 w e e k _______________________________________________ O v e r 1 an d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ------------------------------- 2 w e e k s ------------------------------------- -----------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ----------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------ ----------------------------- S e e fo o t n o t e s at e n d o f t a b le , _ 100 - 16 Table B-5. Paid Vacations-Continued ( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n o f o f f i c e and p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l in d u s t r i e s an d in i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s b y v a c a t i o n p a y p r o v is io n s , B irm in g h a m , A la . , M a r c h I96 0 ) OFFICE WORKERS PLANT WORKERS V a c a t io n p o l i c y All industries 1 A m ou n t o f v a c a tio n pay4 — Manufacturing Public utilities 2 All industries 3 Manufacturing Public utilities 2 C o n tin u e d A f t e r 10 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 w eeks -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d t in d e r 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------3 w eeks -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 (5) - - - - 63 27 9 31 62 7 94 - 6 6 1 44 39 9 32 60 6 _ 87 13 2 8 90 _ 3 97 2 - A f t e r 15 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 23 5 69 1 (5) 9 13 77 - _ 5 95 6 1 19 - 73 (5 ) ■ A f t e r 20 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ---------------------------- -------- ---------------------------O v e r 1 and u n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 an d u n d e r 3 w e e k s ---------------------------------3 w e e k s ------------------------------------- ---------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 (5) - - 23 5 65 6 9 13 78 ■ _ 5 6 1 17 - - 94 1 72 3 - 2 _ - - 6 92 - ■ 3 86 11 A f t e r 25 y e a r s o f s e r v i c e 1 w e e k ----------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 1 a n d u n d e r 2 w e e k s ---------------------------------2 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 2 a n d u n d e r 3 w e e k s — ---------------------------3 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------O v e r 3 a n d u n d e r 4 w e e k s ---------------------------------4 w e e k s -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 - 23 5 42 19 11 (5 ) - 9 13 29 46 3 - 5 - 94 - 1 6 1 17 34 37 5 2 6 33 57 2 _ - 3 - 84 13 1 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d i t io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 2 T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b l ic u t i l i t i e s . 3 I n c l u d e s d a t a f o r w h o l e s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , an d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 P e r i o d s o f s e r v i c e w e r e a r b i t r a r i l y c h o s e n and d o n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e f l e c t th e in d iv id u a l p r o v i s i o n s f o r p r o g r e s s i o n s . F o r e x a m p le , th e c h a n g e s in p r o p o r t i o n s in d ic a t e d a t 10 y e a r s ' s e r v i c e in c lu d e c h a n g e s in p r o v i s i o n s o c c u r r i n g b e t w e e n 5 a n d 10 y e a r s . 5 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . N O T E : S e e n o t e o n p . 13, r e l a t i v e t o th e in c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . In th e t a b u la t io n s o f v a c a t i o n a l l o w a n c e s b y y e a r s o f s e r v i c e , p a y m e n t s o t h e r th a n " le n g t h o f t i m e , " o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s o r f l a t - s u m p a y m e n t s , w e r e c o n v e r t e d t o a n e q u iv a le n t t im e b a s i s ; f o r e x a m p le , a p a y m e n t o^ 2 p e r c e n t o f a n n u a l e a r n i n g s w a s c o n s i d e r e d a s 1 w e e k 's p a y . su ch as p e rce n ta g e 17 Table B-6. Health, Insurance, and Pension Plans ( P e r c e n t o f o f f i c e a n d p la n t w o r k e r s in a l l i n d u s t r ie s a n d in in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n b e n e f it s , B i r m i n g h a m , A l a . , M a r c h I9 6 0 ) PLANT WORKERS OFFICE WORKERS T y p e o f b e n e fit A l l w o r k e r s -------------------------------------------------------------- All industries 1 Manufacturing 100 100 Public utilities2 All industries 3 Manufacturing 100 100 100 Public utilities2 100 W o r k e r s in e s t a b l is h m e n t s p r o v id i n g : L i f e i n s u r a n c e ---------------------------------------------------A c c i d e n t a l d e a th a n d d i s m e m b e r m e n t in s u r a n c e ______________________________________ S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e o r s i c k l e a v e o r b o t h 4 __________________________ S ic k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t in s u r a n c e ________ S ic k l e a v e ( f u ll p a y a n d n o w a it in g p e r io d ) ____________________________ S ic k le a v e (p a r t i a l p a y o r w a it in g p e r io d ) ____________________________ H o s p i t a l iz a t io n i n s u r a n c e ____________________ S u r g i c a l i n s u r a n c e _____________________________ M e d ic a l i n s u r a n c e --------------------------------------------C a t a s t r o p h e i n s u r a n c e ________________________ R e t i r e m e n t p e n s io n ____________________________ N o h e a lt h , in s u r a n c e , o r p e n s io n p l a n ____ 1 2 94 96 78 86 92 77 40 37 32 31 25 41 65 80 66 77 86 70 43 72 9 62 78 22 43 54 34 10 1 33 6 3 28 8 8 25 89 89 59 20 88 ( 5) 74 74 57 46 69 78 77 24 14 66 6 92 90 20 8 81 2 71 71 51 42 70 72 71 42 28 72 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e ; r e t a i l t r a d e ; fi n a n c e , in s u r a n c e , a n d r e a l e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n t o t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . T r a n s p o r ta tio n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , a n d o t h e r p u b lic u t il it ie s . 3 I n c lu d e s d a ta f o r w h o le s a l e t r a d e , r e t a i l t r a d e , r e a l e s t a t e , a n d s e r v i c e s in a d d it io n to t h o s e in d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y . 4 U n d u p lic a t e d t o t a l o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g s i c k le a v e o r s i c k n e s s a n d a c c i d e n t i n s u r a n c e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y b e lo w . S i c k - l e a v e p la n s a r e l i m i t e d t o t h o s e w h ic h d e f i n i t e l y e s t a b l i s h at le a s t th e m in im u m n u m b e r o f d a y s ' p a y th a t c a n b e e x p e c t e d b y e a c h e m p l o y e e . I n fo r m a l s i c k - l e a v e a ll o w a n c e s d e t e r m in e d o n a n in d iv id u a l b a s i s a r e e x c l u d e d . 5 L e s s th a n 0 . 5 p e r c e n t . NOTE: S ee n ote o n p . 13, r e l a t i v e to th e i n c l u s i o n o f r a i l r o a d s . 19 A p p e n d ix : O c c u p a t io n a l D e s c r ip tio n s T h e p r im a r y p u r p o s e o f p r e p a r i n g j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s f o r t h e B u r e a u ’ s w a g e s u r v e y s i s t o a s s i s t i t s f ie ld s t a f f in c l a s s i f y i n g in to a p p r o p r ia te o c c u p a t io n s w o r k e r s w h o a r e e m p lo y e d u n d e r a v a r ie t y o f p a y r o ll t i t l e s a n d d i f f e r e n t w o r k a r r a n g e m e n t s fr o m e s t a b l i s h m e n t t o e s t a b l i s h m e n t a n d fr o m a r e a t o a r e a . T h i s i s e s s e n t i a l i n o r d e r t o p e r m it t h e g r o u p in g o f o c c u p a t i o n a l w a g e r a t e s r e p r e s e n t i n g c o m p a r a b l e j o b c o n t e n t . B e c a u s e o f t h is e m p h a s is o n in t e r e s t a b lis h m e n t a n d in te r a r e a c o m p a r a b ilit y o f o c c u p a t io n a l c o n t e n t , th e B u r e a u ’ s j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s m a y d i f f e r s i g n i f i c a n t l y fr o m t h o s e in u s e i n i n d i v i d u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s o r t h o s e p r e p a r e d f o r o t h e r p u r p o s e s . In a p p l y i n g t h e s e j o b d e s c r i p t i o n s , t h e B u r e a u ’ s f i e l d e c o n o m i s t s a r e in s t r u c t e d to e x c lu d e w o r k in g s u p e r v is o r s , a p p r e n t ic e s , le a r n e r s , b e g in n e r s , t r a in e e s , h a n d ic a p p e d w o r k e r s , p a r t-tim e , te m p o r a r y , a n d p r o b a tio n a r y w o r k e r s . OFFICE BILLER, MACHINE BOOKKEEPING-MACHINE OPERATOR P r e p a r e s s t a t e m e n t s , b i l l s , a n d i n v o i c e s o n a m a c h in e o th e r th a n a n o r d in a r y o r e le c t r o m a t ic t y p e w r it e r . M ay a l s o k e e p r e c o r d s a s to b illin g s or s h ip p in g c h a r g e s or p er fo rm o th e r c l e r i c a l w o r k in c id e n t a l to b illin g o p e r a t io n s . F o r w a g e s tu d y p u r p o s e s , b i ll e r s , m a c h in e , a r e c l a s s i f i e d b y t y p e o f m a c h in e , a s f o llo w s : O p e r a t e s a b o o k k e e p in g m a c h in e (R e m in g to n R a n d , E ll i o t t F is h e r , S u n d s tr a n d , B u r r o u g h s , N a t io n a l C a s h R e g i s t e r , w it h o r w it h o u t a ty p e w r ite r k e y b o a r d ) to k e e p a r e c o r d o f b u s i n e s s t r a n s a c t io n s . , c h in e (M o o n B iller machine (billing machine) — U s e s a s p e c ia l b illin g m a H o p k in s , E llio t t F is h e r , B u r r o u g h s, e t c ., w h ic h a re c o m b in a t io n ty p in g a n d a d d in g m a c h in e s ) to p r e p a r e b i ll s a n d in v o i c e s fr o m c u s t o m e r s ’ p u r c h a s e o r d e r s , i n t e r n a l l y p r e p a r e d o r d e r s , s h ip p in g m e m o r a n d u m s, e t c . U s u a lly in v o lv e s a p p lic a t io n o f p r e d e t e r m in e d d i s c o u n t s a n d s h i p p i n g c h a r g e s a n d e n t r y o f n e c e s s a r y e x t e n s io n s , w h ic h m a y or m a y n o t b e c o m p u te d on th e b illin g m a c h in e , a n d t o t a ls w h ic h a r e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la te d b y m a c h in e . T h e o p e r a tio n u s u a lly in v o lv e s a la r g e n u m b er o f c a r b o n c o p ie s o f th e b ill b e in g p r e p a r e d a n d is o fte n d o n e o n a fa n fo ld m a c h in e . , B iller machine (bookkeeping m achine) — U s e s a b o o k k e e p i n g m a c h in e ( S u n d s tr a n d , E l l i o t t F is h e r , R e m in g t o n R a n d , e t c . , w h ic h m a y or m a y n o t h a v e t y p e w r it e r k e y b o a r d ) to p r e p a r e c u s t o m e r s ’ b ills a s p a rt o f th e a c c o u n t s r e c e iv a b le o p e r a tio n . G e n e r a lly in v o lv e s th e s im u lta n e o u s e n tr y o f f ig u r e s o n c u s t o m e r s ’ le d g e r r e c o r d . T h e m a c h in e a u t o m a t ic a lly a c c u m u la t e s f ig u r e s o n a n u m b e r o f v e r t ic a l c o lu m n s a n d c o m p u te s a n d u s u a lly p r in ts a u t o m a t ic a lly th e d e b it or c r e d it b a la n c e s . D o e s n o t in v o lv e a k n o w le d g e o f b o o k k e e p in g . W o r k s fr o m u n if o r m a n d s t a n d a r d t y p e s o f s a l e s a n d c r e d it s l i p s . C lass A — K e e p s a s e t o f r e c o r d s r e q u i r i n g a k n o w l e d g e o f a n d e x p e r i e n c e in b a s i c b o o k k e e p i n g p r i n c i p l e s a n d f a m i l i a r i t y w i t h th e str u c tu r e o f th e p a r tic u la r a c c o u n tin g s y s t e m u s e d . D e te r m in e s p ro p er r e c o r d s a n d d is tr ib u tio n o f d e b it a n d c r e d it ite m s to b e u s e d in e a c h p h a s e o f th e w o r k . M ay p r e p a r e c o n s o lid a t e d r e p o r t s , b a la n c e s h e e t s , a n d o th e r r e c o r d s b y h a n d . C lass B — K e e p s a r e c o r d o f o n e o r m o r e p h a s e s o r s e c t i o n s o f a s e t of r e c o r d s u s u a l l y r e q u i r i n g l i t t l e k n o w l e d g e o f b a s i c b o o k k e e p in g . P h a s e s or s e c t i o n s in c lu d e a c c o u n t s p a y a b le , p a y r o ll, c u s t o m e r s ’ a c c o u n t s (n o t in c lu d in g a s im p le ty p e o f b illin g d e s c r ib e d u n d e r b ille r , m a c h in e ), c o s t d is t r ib u t io n , e x p e n s e d is t r ib u t io n , in v e n to r y c o n tr o l, e t c . M ay c h e c k or a s s i s t in p r e p a r a tio n o f t r ia l b a l a n c e s a n d p r e p a r e c o n t r o l s h e e t s fo r t h e a c c o u n t i n g d e p a r t m e n t . CLERK, ACCOUNTING C lass A — U n d e r g e n e r a l d i r e c t i o n o f a b o o k k e e p e r o r a c c o u n t a n t, h a s r e s p o n s ib ilit y fo r k e e p in g o n e o r m o re s e c t i o n s o f a c o m p le t e s e t o f b o o k s or r e c o r d s r e la tin g to o n e p h a s e o f a n e s t a b l is h m e n t ’ s b u s i n e s s t r a n s a c t i o n s . W o rk i n v o l v e s p o s t i n g a n d b a l a n c i n g s u b s id ia r y le d g e r or le d g e r s s u c h as a c c o u n ts r e c e iv a b le or a c c o u n t s 20 CLERK, ACCOUNTING—.Continued payable; exam ining and coding invoices or vouchers with proper a c counting distribution; requires judgment and experience in making proper assig n ation s and allo catio n s. May a s s is t in preparing, ad justing and closing journal en tries; may direct c la s s B accounting clerks. Class B — Under supervision, performs one or more routine a c counting operations such as posting sim ple journal vouchers or a c counts payable vouchers, entering vouchers in voucher reg isters; reconciling bank accounts; posting subsidiary ledgers controlled by general ledgers, or posting sim ple co st accounting d ata. T his job does not require a knowledge of accounting and bookkeeping principles but is found in offices in which the more routine accountingwork is subdivided on a functional b asis among sev eral w orkers. CLERK, FILE Class A — In an estab lish ed filing system containing a num ber of varied su bject m atter file s, c la ssifie s and indexes co rres pondence or other m aterial; may also file this m aterial. May keep records of various types in conjunction with files or may super vise others in filing and locating m aterial in the file s. May per form incidental clerical d u ties. Class B — Perform s routine filing, usually of m aterial th at has already been classified or which is easily identifiab le, or lo cates or a s s is ts in locating m aterial in file s. May perform incidental clerical d u ties. CLERK, ORDER R eceives customers* orders for m aterial or m erchandise by m ail, phone, or personally. D uties involve any combination o f the following: Quoting prices to custom ers; making out an order sh eet listin g the item s to make up the order; checking prices and quantities of item s on order sheet; distributing order sh eets to respective departm ents to be filled. May check with credit departm ent to determ ine credit rating of custom er, acknowledge receipt of orders from custom ers, follow up orders to see that they have been filled, keep file of orders received, and check ship ping invoices with original orders. CLERK, PAYROLL Com putes w ages of company em ployees and en ters the n eces sary data on the payroll sh e e ts. D uties involve: C alculating workers* earnings based on time or production records; posting-calculated data on payroll sh eet, showing information such as w orker's name, working days, tim e, rate, deductions for insurance, and total w ages due. May make out paychecks and a s s is t paym aster in making up and distrib u t ing pay envelopes. May use a calculating m achine. COMPTOMETER OPERATOR Primary duty is to operate a Comptometer to perform m athem a tic al com putations. T his job is not to be confused with that of s ta tis tic al or other type of clerk, which may involve frequent use of a Comp tom eter but, in which, use of this machine is incidental to perform ance of other du ties. DUPLICATING-MACHINE OPERATOR (MIMEOGRAPH OR DITTO) Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, reproduces m ultiple copies of typew ritten or handw ritten m atter, using a Mimeograph or D itto m achine. Makes n ecessary adjustm ent such as for ink and paper feed counter and cylinder speed. Is not required to prepare ste n c il or D itto m aster. May keep file of used ste n c ils or D itto m asters. May sort, co llate, and staple com pleted m aterial. KEYPUNCH OPERATOR Under general supervision and with no supervisory resp o n si b ilitie s, records accounting and sta tis tic a l data on tabulating cards by punching a series of holes in the cards in a specified sequence, using an alphabetical or a num erical keypunch m achine, following w ritten in formation on records. May duplicate cards by using the duplicating de vice attached to m achine. May keep files of punch card s. May verify own work or work of others. OFFICE BOY OR GIRL Perform s various routine duties such as running errands, op erating minor office m achines such as sealers or m ailers, opening and distributing mail, and other minor clerical work. 21 SECRETARY Performs secretarial and clerical duties for a superior in an ad m inistrative or executive position. D uties include making appointm ents for superior; receiving people coming into office; answ ering and making phone calls; handling personal and im portant or confidential m ail, and writing routine correspondence on own initiativ e; taking dictation (where transcribing machine is not used) either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar machine, and transcribing dictation or the recorded information reproduced on a transcribing m achine. May prepare sp ecial reports or memorandums for information of superior. STENOGRAPHER, GENERAL Primary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons, either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a nor mal routine vocabulary, and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in or der, keep sim ple records, etc. D o e s n ot in clu de tran scribing-m ach in e work (see transcribing-m achine operator). STENOGRAPHER, TECHNICAL Prim ary duty is to take dictation from one or more persons either in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine, involving a varied technical or sp ecialized vocabulary such as in legal briefs or reports on scien tific research and to transcribe this dictation on a typew riter. May also type from w ritten copy. May also se t up and keep files in order, keep sim ple records, etc. D o e s not in clu d e tran scribing-m ach in e w ork . SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR O perates a single- or m ultiple-position telephone sw itchboard. D uties involve handling incom ing, outgoing, and intraplant or office c a lls. May record toll calls and take m essag es. May give information to per sons who call in, or occasionally take telephone orders. For workers who also act as receptio nists see sw itchboard operator-receptionist. SWITCHBOARD OPERATOR-RECEPTIONIST In addition to performing duties of operator, on a single p o si tion or monitor-type sw itchboard, acts as receptio nist and may also type or perform routine clerical work as part of regular duties. T his typing or clerical work may take the major part of th is worker*s time while at sw itchboard. TABULATING-MACHINE OPERATOR C la s s A — O perates a variety of tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines, typically including such m achines as the tabu lator, calculator, interpreter, collator and others. Performs com plete reporting assignm ents without close supervision, and performs difficult wiring as required. The com plete reporting and tabulating assignm ents typically involve a variety of long and complex re ports which often are of irregular or nonrecurring type requiring some planning and sequencing of steps to be taken. As a more experienced operator, is typically involved in training new opera tors in machine operations, or partially trained operators in wiring from diagram s and operating sequences of long and complex reports. D o e s n ot in clu d e working supervisors performing tabulating-m achine operations and day-to-day supervision of the work and production of a group of tabulating-m achine operators. C la s s B — O perates more difficult tabulating or electrical ac counting m achines such as the tabulator and calculator, in addition to the sorter, reproducer, and collator. T his work is performed under specific instructions and may include the perform ance of some wir ing from diagram s. The work typically involves, for exam ple, tabu lations involving a repetitive accounting ex ercise, a com plete but sm all tabulating study, or parts of a longer and more complex report. Such reports and studies are usually of a recurring nature where the procedures are w ell estab lish ed . May also include the training of new em ployees in the basic operation of the m achine. C la s s C — O perates sim ple tabulating or e lectrical account ing m achines such as the sorter, reproducing punch, collator, etc., with specific instructions. May include sim ple wiring from diagrams and some filing work. The work typically involves portions of a work unit, for exam ple, individual sorting or collating runs, or re petitive operations. TRANSCRIBING-MACHINE OPERATOR, GENERAL Prim ary duty is to transcribe dictation involving a normal routine vocabulary from transcribing-m achine records. May also type from written copy and do sim ple clerical work. Workers transcribing dictation in volving a varied technical or specialized vocabulary such as legal briefs or reports on scien tific research are not included. A worker who takes dictation in shorthand or by Stenotype or sim ilar m achine is classified as a stenographer, general. 22 TYPIST— Continued TYPIST U ses a typew riter to make copies of various m aterial or to make out b ills after calcu latio n s have been made by another person. May in clude typing of ste n c ils, m ats, or sim ilar m aterials for use in duplicat ing p ro cesses. May do clerical work involving little sp ecial training, such as keeping sim ple records, filing records and reports, or sorting and distributing incoming m ail. C la s s A — Performs on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Typing ma terial in final form when it involves combining m aterial from several sources or responsibility for correct spelling, sy llab icatio n , punc- tuation, etc., of technical or unusual words or foreign language ma terial; planning layout and typing of com plicated s ta tis tic a l tab les to maintain uniformity and balance in spacing. May type routine form letters varying d etails to su it circum stances. C la s s B — Perform s on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Copy typing from rough or clear drafts; routine typing of forms, insurance p o licies, etc.; setting up sim ple standard tabulations, or copying more com plex tables already set up and spaced properly. PR O FE S SIO N A L AND T E C H N IC A L DRAFTSMAN, JUNIOR (A ssistan t draftsm an) Draws to scale units or parts of drawings prepared by d rafts man or others for engineering, construction, or manufacturing purposes. U ses various types of drafting tools as required. May prepare draw ings from sim ple plans or sk etch es, or perform other duties under direction of a draftsm an. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR— Continued involved in strength of m aterials, beam s and tru sses; verifying com pleted work, checking dim ensions, m aterials to be used, and qu an tities; writing sp ecificatio n s; making adjustm ents or changes in drawings or sp ecificatio n s. May ink in lines and letters on pencil draw ings, prepare d etail units of com plete draw ings, or trace draw ings. Work is frequently in a sp ecialized field such as architectural, electrical, m echanical, or structural drafting. DRAFTSMAN, LEADER NURSE, INDUSTRIAL (REGISTERED) P lans and d irects activ ities of one or more draftsm en in prep aration of working plans and d etail drawings from rough or prelim inary sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing purposes. D uties involve a com bination o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting blueprints, sk etches, and w ritten or verbal orders; determ ining work procedures; assigning duties to subordinates and inspecting their work; performing more dif ficult problem s. May a s s is t subordinates during em ergencies or as a regular assignm ent, or perform related duties of a supervisory or ad m inistrative nature. A registered nurse who gives nursing service to ill or injured em ployees or other persons who become ill or suffer an accid en t on the prem ises of a factory or other establishm ent. D uties involve a com bina tion o f the fo llo w in g : Giving first aid to the ill or injured; attending to subsequent dressing of em ployees' injuries; keeping records of p atients treated; preparing accident reports for com pensation or other purposes; conducting physical exam inations and health evaluations of applicants and em ployees; and planning and carrying out programs involving health education, accident prevention, evaluation of plant environm ent, or other activ ities affecting the health, w elfare, and safety of a ll personnel. DRAFTSMAN, SENIOR Prepares working plans and d etail drawings from no tes, rough or detailed sketches for engineering, construction, or m anufacturing pur poses. D uties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Preparing work ing plans, detail draw ings, m aps, cro ss-sectio n s, etc ., to scale by use of drafting instrum ents; making engineering com putations such as those TRACER Copies plans and drawings prepared by others, by placing trac ing cloth or paper over drawing and tracing with pen or pen cil. U ses T -square, com pass, and other drafting too ls. May prepare sim ple draw ings and do sim ple lettering. 23 MAINTENANCE D POW ERPLANT CARPENTER, MAINTENANCE FIREMAN, STATIONARY BOILER Performs the carpentry duties necessary to construct and main tain in good repair building woodwork and equipm ent such as bins, cribs, counters, benches, partitions, doors, floors, sta irs, casin g s, and trim made of wood in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from blueprints, draw ings, m odels, or verbal instructions; using a variety of carpenter’s handtools, portable power too ls, and standard m easuring instrum ents; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work; selectin g m aterials nec essary for the work. In general, the work of the m aintenance carpenter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. F ires stationary boilers to furnish the establishm ent in which employed with heat, power, or steam . F eeds fuels to fire by hand or operates a m echanical stoker, gas, or oil burner; checks water and safety valves. May clean, oil, or a s s is t in repairing boilerroom equipm ent. ELECTRICIAN, MAINTENANCE Performs a variety of electrical trade functions such as the installatio n , m aintenance, or repair of equipm ent for the generating, d is tribution, or utilization of electric energy in an establishm ent. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Installing or repairing any of a variety of electrical equipm ent such as generators, transform ers, sw itchboards, controllers, circuit breakers, motors, heating units, conduit system s, or other transm ission equipment; working from blueprints, draw ings, lay out, or other sp ecificatio n s; locating and diagnosing trouble in the e le c trical system or equipm ent; working standard com putations relating to load requirem ents of wiring or electrical equipm ent; using a variety of electrician ’s handtools and measuring and testin g instrum ents. In gen eral, the work of the m aintenance electrician requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. ENGINEER, STATIONARY O perates and m aintains and may also supervise the operation of stationary engines and equipment (m echanical or electrical) to sup ply the establishm ent in which employed with power, heat, refrigera tion, or air-conditioning. Work involves: Operating and m aintaining equipment such as steam engines, air com pressors, generators, motors turbines, ventilating and refrigerating equipm ent, steam boilers and boiler-fed w ater pumps; making equipm ent repairs; keeping a record of operation of m achinery, tem perature, and fuel consum ption. May a ls o supervise these operations. H ea d or c h i e f e n g in e e r s in esta b lish m e n ts em p loyin g more than o n e en g in eer are e x c lu d e d . HELPER, TRADES, MAINTENANCE A ssists one or more workers in the skilled m aintenance trades, by performing specific or general duties of le sse r sk ill, such as keeping a worker supplied with m aterials and tools; cleaning working area, ma chine, and equipm ent; a ssistin g worker by holding m aterials or tools; performing other unskilled tasks as directed by journeyman. The kind of work the helper is perm itted to perform varies from trade to trade: In some trades the helper is confined to supplying, lifting, and holding ma terials and tools and cleaning working areas; and in others he is per mitted to perform specialized machine operations, or parts of a trade that are also performed by workers on a full-tim e b asis. MACHINE-TOOL OPERATOR, TOOLROOM Specializes in the operation of one or more types of machine tools, such as jig borers, cylindrical or surface grinders, engine lathes, or milling m achines in the construction of m achine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fixtures, or d ies. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and performing difficult machining operations; processing item s requiring com plicated setups or a high degree of accuracy; using a variety of pre cision m easuring instrum ents; selectin g feeds, sp eed s, tooling and op eration sequence; making necessary adjustm ents during operation to achieve requisite tolerances or dim ensions. May be required to recog nize when tools need dressing, to dress too ls, and to select proper coolants and cutting and lubricating o ils. For cross-industry wage study purposes, m achine-tool operators, toolroom, in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE Produces replacem ent parts and new parts in making repairs of m etal parts of m echanical equipment operated in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Interpreting w ritten instructions and sp ecificatio n s; planning and laying out of work; using a variety of ma ch inist’s handtools and precision m easuring instrum ents; settin g up and 24 MACHINIST, MAINTENANCE— Contioned operating standard machine tools; shaping of m etal parts to clo se toleran ces; making standard shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, tooling, feeds and speeds of m achining; knowledge of the working prop erties of the common m etals; selectin g standard m aterials, p arts, and equipm ent required for his work; fitting and assem bling parts into me chanical equipm ent. In general, the m ach in ist's work normally requires a rounded training in m achine-shop practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, AUTOMOTIVE (MAINTENANCE) R epairs autom obiles, b u ses, m otortrucks, and tractors of an e s tablishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Examining autom otive equipm ent to diagnose source of trouble; disassem bling equipm ent and performing repairs that involve the use of such handtools as w renches, gauges, d rills, or sp ecialized equipm ent in disassem bling or fitting parts; replacing broken or defective parts from stock; grinding and adjusting valves; reassem bling and installin g the various assem blies in the vehicle and making n ecessary adjustm ents; alining w heels, adjusting brakes and lights, or tightening body bolts. In general, the work of the autom otive m echanic requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. MECHANIC, MAINTENANCE R epairs machinery or m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. Work involves most o f the following: Examining m achines and m echan ic a l equipm ent to diagnose source of trouble; dism antling or partly d is m antling m achines and performing repairs that mainly involve the use of handtools in scraping and fitting parts; replacing broken or defective p arts w ith item s obtained from stock; ordering the production of a rep lace ment part by a machine shop or sending of the machine to, a machine shop for major repairs; preparing w ritten sp ecificatio n s for major repairs or for the production of parts ordered from m achine shop; reassem bling ma ch ines; and making a ll n ecessary adjustm ents for operation. In general, the work of a m aintenance m echanic requires rounded training and ex perience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. Excluded from this classificatio n are workers whose primary duties involve settin g up or adjusting m achines. MILLWRIGHT In stalls new m achines or heavy equipm ent and dism antles and in sta lls m achines or heavy equipm ent when changes in the plant layout MILLWRIGHT— Continued are required. Work involves most o f the following: Planning and laying out of the work; interpreting blueprints or other sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of handtools and rigging; making standard shop com putations re lating to stre s se s , strength of m aterials, and centers of gravity; alining and balancing of equipm ent; selectin g standard tools, equipm ent, and parts to be used; installin g and m aintaining in good order power transm ission equipm ent such as drives and speed reducers. In general, the m ill w right's work normally requires a rounded training and experience in the trade acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. OILER L u bricates, with oil or g rease, the moving parts or wearing sur faces of m echanical equipm ent of an establishm ent. PAINTER, MAINTENANCE P ain ts and redecorates w alls, woodwork, and fixtures of an es tablishm ent. Work involves the following: Knowledge of surface pecu lia rities and types of paint required for different applications; preparing surface for painting by removing old finish or by placing putty or filler in nail holes and in terstices; applying p aint with spray gun or brush. May mix colors, o ils, white lead, and other p aint ingredients to obtain proper color or consisten cy . In general, the work of the m aintenance painter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a for mal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. PIPEFITTER, MAINTENANCE In stalls or repairs w ater, steam , g as, or other types of pipe and pipefittings in an establishm ent. Work involves m ost of the following: Laying out of work and m easuring to locate position of pipe from drawings or other w ritten sp ecificatio n s; cutting various siz e s of pipe to correct lengths with ch isel and hammer or oxyacetylene torch or pipe-cutting ma chine; threading pipe with stocks and d ies; bending pipe by hand-driven or power-driven m achines; assem bling pipe with couplings and fastening pipe to hangers; making standard shop com putations relating to p ressures, flow, and size of pipe required; making standard te s ts to determ ine whether finished pipes meet specifications* In general, the work of the m aintenance pipefitter requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and ex perience. Workers primarily engaged in installing and repairing building sanitation or heating system s are excluded . 25 TOOL AND DIE MAKER PLUMBER, MAINTENANCE K$eps the plumbing system of an establishm ent in good order. Work involves: Knowledge of sanitary codes regarding installatio n of vents and traps in plumbing system ; installin g or repairing pipes and fixtures; opening clogged drains with a plunger or plumber’s snake. In general, the work of the m aintenance plumber requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equiv alent training and experience. SHEET-METAL WORKER, MAINTENANCE F ab ricates, in sta lls, and m aintains in good repair the sheetm etal equipment and fixtures (such as machine guards, grease pans, shelv es, lockers, ta^k s, ventilators, chu tes, ducts, m etal roofing) of an establishm ent. Work involves m o st o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and lay ing out a ll types of sheet-m etal m aintenance work from blueprints, models, or other specifications; setting up and operating all available types of sheet-m etal-w orking m achines; using a variety of handtools in cutting, bending, forming, shaping, fitting, and assem bling; installin g sheetm etal articles as required. In general, the work of the m aintenance sheet-m etal worker requires rounded training and experience usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. (D iem aker; jig maker; toolm aker; fixture maker; gauge maker) C onstructs and repairs m achine-shop tools, gauges, jigs, fix tures or dies for forgings, punching and other metal-forming work. Work involves m ost o f the fo llo w in g : Planning and laying out of work from m odels, blueprints, drawings, or other oral and written sp ecificatio n s; using a variety of tool and die maker’s handtools and precision m eas uring instrum ents, understanding of the working properties of common m etals and alloys; settin g up and operating of machine tools and related equipm ent; making necessary shop com putations relating to dim ensions of work, sp eed s, feeds, and tooling of m achines; heattreating of metal parts during fabrication as w ell as of finished tools and dies to achieve required q u alities; working to clo se tolerances; fitting and assem bling of parts to prescribed tolerances and allow ances; selectin g appropriate m aterials, tools, and p ro cesses. In general, the tool and die maker’s work requires a rounded training in m achine-shop and toolroom practice usually acquired through a formal apprenticeship or equivalent training and experience. For cross "industry wage study purposes, tool and die makers in tool and die jobbing shops are excluded from this classificatio n . CUSTODIAL AND MATERIAL MOVEMENT ELEVATOR OPERATOR, PASSENGER JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER— Continued T ransports passengers betw een floors of an office building, apartment house, departm ent store, hotel or sim ilar establishm ent. Workers who operate elevators in conjunction with other duties such as those of starters and janitors are excluded. GUARD or other establishm ent. D uties involve a com bin ation o f the fo llo w in g : Sweeping, mopping or scrubbing, and polishing floors; removing chips, trash, and other refuse; dusting equipm ent, furniture, or fixtures; polish ing m etal fixtures or trimmings; providing supplies and minor m ainte nance serv ices; cleaning lavatories, show ers, and restroom s. Workers who sp ecialize in window w ashing are excluded. men who are sta tio n e d at g a te and ch e c k on id e n tity o f e m p lo y e e s and LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING Performs routine police d u ties, either at fixed post or on tour, m aintaining order, using arms or force where n ecessary . In clu d es g a te - . JANITOR, PORTER, OR CLEANER oth er persons en terin g (Sweeper; charwoman; jan itress) C leans and keeps in an orderly condition factory working areas and washroom s, or prem ises of an office, apartm ent house, or commercial (Loader and unloader; handler and stacker; shelver; trucker; stockman or stock helper; warehouseman or warehouse helper) A worker employed in a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, store, or other establishm ent whose duties involve on e or more o f the fo llo w in g: Loading and unloading various m aterials and m erchandise on or LABORER, MATERIAL HANDLING— Continued SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK— Continued from freight cars, trucks, or other transporting d ev ices; unpacking, shelv ing, or placing m aterials or m erchandise in proper storage location; trans porting m aterials or m erchandise by hand truck, car, or wheelbarrow. L o n g sh o rem en , w h o load and unload s h ip s are e x c lu d e d . ORDER FILLER (Order picker; stock selector; w arehouse stockm an) F ills shipping or transfer orders for finished goods from stored m erchandise in accordance with specifications on sa le s slip s, custom ers * orders, or other instru ctio n s. May, in addition to filling orders and indi cating item s filled or om itted, keep records of outgoing orders requisi tion additional stock, or report short supplies to supervisor, and perform other related duties. PACKER, SHIPPING P repares finished products for shipm ent or storage by placing them in shipping containers, the specific operations performed being dependent upon the type, siz e, and number of units to be packed, the type of container em ployed, and method of shipm ent. Work requires the placing of item s in shipping containers and may in v o lv e on e or more o f the fo llo w in g : Knowledge of various item s of stock in order to verify content; selectio n of appropriate type and size of container; inserting enclosures in container; using excelsior or other m aterial to prevent breakage or dam age; closing and sealing container; applying lab els or entering identifying data on container. P a c k e r s who a ls o m ake w ood en b o x e s or cra tes are e x c lu d e d . SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CLERK Prepares m erchandise for shipm ent, or receiv es and is respon sible for incom ing shipm ents of m erchandise or other m aterials. Shipping work i n v o l v e s : A knowledge of shipping procedures, p ractices, routes, available m eans of transportation and rates; and preparing records of the goods shipped, making up bills of lading, posting w eight and shipping charges, and keeping a file of shipping records. May direct or a s s is t in preparing the m erchandise for shipm ent. R e c e iv i n g work i n v o l v e s : Veri fying or directing others in verifying the correctness of shipm ents ag ain st b ills of lading, invoices, or other records; checking for shortages and rejecting damaged goods; routing m erchandise or m aterials to proper de partm ents; m aintaining necessary records and file s. For wage study purposes, workers are cla ssifie d as follows: R e c e i v i n g clerk Shipping clerk S hipping and r e c e iv in g clerk TRUCKDRIVER D rives a truck within a city or ind u strial area to transport ma terials, m erchandise, equipm ent, or men betw een various types of estab lishm ents such a s: M anufacturing p lants, freight depots, w arehouses, w holesale and retail establishm ents, or betw een retail establishm ents and custom ers’ houses or places of b u sin ess. May also load or unload truck with or w ithout helpers, make minor m echanical repairs, and keep truck in good working order. D r iv e r -s a le s m e n and o v er -th e -r o a d drivers are e x c lu d e d . For wage study purposes, truckdrivers are classified by size and type of equipm ent, as follow s: (T ractor-trailer should be rated on the b asis of trailer capacity.) T ru ckdriver (com bin a tion o f s i z e s l i s t e d se p a r a te ly ) Truckdriver, ligh t ( under 1% t o n s ) Truckdriver, medium (1% to and in clu din g 4 to n s) T ru ckdriver, h e a v y ( o v e r 4 to n s, trailer t y p e ) Truckdriver, h e a v y ( o v e r 4 tons., o th er than trailer t y p e ) TRUCKER, POWER O perates a manually controlled gaso lin e- or electric-pow ered truck or tractor to transport goods and m aterials of all kinds about a w arehouse, m anufacturing plant, or other establishm ent. For wage study purposes, workers are classified by type of truck, as follow s: Trucker, p o w e r (fo rk lift) Trucker, p o w e r (o th e r than fo rk lift) WATCHMAN M akes rounds of prem ises periodically in protecting property ag ain st fire, theft, and illeg al entry. ☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : I960 O - 553554 Occupational Wage Surveys O c c u p a t io n a l w a g e s u r v e y s a re b e in g c o n d u c t e d in 6 0 m ajor la b o r m a r k e ts d u rin g la te 1 9 5 9 a n d e a r ly I 9 6 0 . T h e s e b u ll e t in s , w h e n a v a i l a b l e , m a y b e p u r c h a s e d from th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n t s , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h in g to n 2 5 , D .C . , or from a n y o f th e B L S r e g io n a l s a l e s o f f i c e s s h o w n on i n s i d e fron t c o v e r . A s u m m a r y b u lle t in c o n t a in in g d a ta for a l l la b o r m a r k e ts , c o m b in e d w ith a d d it io n a l a n a l y s i s , w i l l b e i s s u e d e a r ly in 1 9 6 1 . B u l l e t i n s for th e a r e a s l i s t e d b e l o w a re n o w a v a i l a b l e . B a l t i m o r e , M d ., S e p t e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 7 , p r i c e 1 5 c e n t s B o s t o n , M a s s . , O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 8 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s B u f f a l o , N . Y . , O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 4 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s C a n t o n , O h i o , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 0 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s C l e v e l a n d , O h i o , S e p t e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s D a l l a s , T e x . , O c t o b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 3 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s D a y t o n , O h i o , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 9 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s D e n v e r , C o l o . , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 1 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s D e s M o in e s , I o w a , F eb r u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -3 0 , p r ic e 25 c e n t s D e t r o i t , M i c h . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 5 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s F o r t W o r t h , T e x . , N o v e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 3 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s I n d i a n a p o l i s , I n d ., J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 2 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s J a c k s o n , M i s s . , F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 6 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s J a c k s o n v i l l e , F l a . , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 4 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s K a n s a s C i t y , M o . —K a n s . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 — B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 3 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s Memphis, Tenn., January I 9 6 0 —B L S Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 1 9 , price 2 5 cents Miami, F la., December 1 9 5 9 — B L S Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 6 , price 2 0 cents M inneapolis—St. Paul, Minn., January I 9 6 0 — B L S Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 2 1 , price 2 5 cents Newark and Jersey City, N .J., February I 9 6 0 — B L S Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 2 8 , price 2 5 cents P hiladelphia, P a., November 1 9 5 9 — B L S Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 1 6 , price 2 5 cents Pittsburgh, P a., December 1 9 5 9 — BLS Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 2 0 , price 2 5 cents Portland, Maine, November 1 9 5 9 — BLS Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 1 2 , price 2 0 cents Richmond, V a., February I 9 6 0 — BLS Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 2 4 , price 2 5 cents St. L ouis, Mo., October 1 9 5 9 — BLS Bull. 1 2 6 5 - 5 , price 2 5 cents San Bernardino—R iverside—Ontario, C alif., November 1 9 5 9 — B L S B u ll. 1 2 6 5 -1 5 , p rice 25 c e n ts S a n F r a n c i s c o —O a k l a n d , C a l i f . , J a n u a r y I 9 6 0 — B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 7 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s S e a t t l e , W a s h ., A u g u s t 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 , p r ic e 2 5 c e n t s S i o u x F a l l s , S . D a k . , F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 9 , p r i c e 2 0 c e n t s W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . —M d . —V a . , D e c e m b e r 1 9 5 9 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 1 8 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s Y o r k , P a . , F e b r u a r y I 9 6 0 —B L S B u l l . 1 2 6 5 - 2 7 , p r i c e 2 5 c e n t s
@FedFRASER