The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
House D ocum ^^ H w *^^
82d Congress, 2d Session
ln”'» STATE
5 § 5£Hir
n i.L F ("
Occupational Wage Survey
R 2 1 1952
...
vRY
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
October 1951
Bulletin No. 1058
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Maurice J. Tobin - Secretary
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U . S. Government Printing O ffice, Washington
bureau of labor statistics
Ewan Cla*u< *
25, D . C.
-
Price
15 cents
Commi**ion«r
Contents
Page
MTRtDUCTICN....................................................................
1
THE RICHMOND METROPOLITAN AREA ....................................................
1
OCCUPATIONAL WAGE STRUCTURE .......................................................
2
TABIESx
Average earnings far selected occupations studied on an area basis A-l
Office occupations .....
A-2
Professional and technical occupations •••«•»••••••••••••.....
A-3
Maintenance and power plant occupations........
A-4
Custodial, warehousing, and shipping occupations........
3
&
7
8
Average earnings far selected occupations studied on an industry basis* B-63
Insurance carriers..........
10
Union wage scales far selected occupations C-15
Building construction .................
C-205 Bakeries ..................................
0-27
Printing......................................
C-41
Looal transit operating employees ..........................
C-42
Motortruck drivers and helpers ••««•»•••••.............................
H
H
H
H
H
Entrance rates D-l
Minimum entrance rates far plant workers *••••••••••••«••••••••••••••••••
12
Wage practices E-l
Shift differential provisions
E-2
Scheduled weekly h o u r s .....
E-3
Paid holidays ........... .
E-4
Paid vacations •••*••••••••••
E-5
Paid sick leave ............
E-6
Nonproduction bonuses ......
E-7
Insurance and pension plans •
APPENDIX s
Scope and method of survey ••••••••••
INDEX...........................................................................
* NOTE - Occupational earnings reports are available
upon request for the following additional indus
tries! auto repair shops (June 1951) and power
laundries (June 1951)*
March 6, 1952
12
13
13
H
15
16
16
Introduction
1/
The Richmond area is one of 40 major labor markets in
which the Bureau of Labor Statistics is currently conducting oc
cupational wage surveys. Occupations that are common to a variety
of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries were studied
on a community-wide basis#
Cross-industry methods of sampling
were thus utilized in compiling earnings data for the following
types of occupations:
(a) office; (b) professional and techni
cal; (c) maintenance and power plant;
(d) custodial, warehous
ing, and shipping. In presenting earnings information for such
jobs (tables A-l through
separate data have been provided
wherever possible for individual broad industry divisions.
k -4 )
Occupations that are characteristic of particular,
important, local industries have been studied on an industry
basis, within the framework of the community survey. 2 /
Earn
ings data for these jobs have been presented in Series B tables.
Union scales (SeriesC tables) are presented in lieu of (or sup
plementing) occupational earnings for several industries or
trades in which the great majority of the workers are employed
under terms of collective - bargaining agreements, and the con
tract or minimum rates are indicative of prevailing pay prac
tices.
Data have also been collected and summarized on shift
operations and differentials, hours of work, and supplementary
benefits such as vacation and sick leave allowances, paid holi
days, nonproduction bonuses, and insurance and pension plans.
1/ Prepared in the Bureau’s regional office in Atlanta,
Ga., by Harry H. Hall, Regional Wage and Industrial Relations
Analyst.
The planning and central direction of the program
was carried on in the Branch of Community Wage Studies of the
Bureau’s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations in Washing
ton, D. C.
See appendix for discussion of scope and method of survey.
2/
The Richmond Metropolitan A rea
Population of the Richmond Metropolitan Area, include
ing the city of Richmond and Chesterfield and Henrico Counties,
totaled more than 328,000 persons in 1950.
Of these, about 70
percent resided within the city limits of Richmond.
The Bureau’s estimate of the annual budget for a
Richmond worker’s family of four persons was $3,890, the third
highest annual cost among the
large cities surveyed in the
United State? during October 1950.
The budget is described as
providing a nmodest but adequate” level of living for an urban
worker’s family of four persons - an employed father, a house
wife not gainfully employed, and two children under 15 years of
age. Between October 1950 and the time of the survey in October
1951, consumer’s prices in Richmond increased almost 6 percent.
34
Richmond occupies a position of industrial importance
in the South with representatives of a large variety of indus
tries located in the area.
Nonagricultural employees totaled
132,750 in September 1951 with 38,700 of this number working in
manufacturing establishments. £ / The tobacco industry, employ
ing over a fourth of the workers, ranked first in importance,
from the standpoint of employment, among Richmond manufacturing
industries, while chemicals ranked second with an employment of
over 6,000.
Other prominent manufacturing industries in the
area were food, textiles and apparel, and paper and allied
products.
As the hub of a wide trading area, Richmond has con
siderably more workers engaged in nonmanufacturing industries
than in manufacturing. In September 1951, approximately 94,000
persons were employed in nonmanufacturing establishments.
The
retail and wholesale trade industries accounted for 34,000 of
2 / Labor Market Trends. Virginia State Employment Service,
Richmond, Va., December 1951*
Table A-l:
O
f f ic e
O
c c u p a t io n *
-
C
o n t in u e d
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 / for selected occupations studied on an area
basis in Richmond, Va., by industry division, October 19£l)
See footnote at end of table,
*
Transportation (excluding railroads), communication,
**
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
and other public utilities.
5<
A-i:
O
^ ic e
O c e s ip &
t i&
U
-
G o tU
it t u m
d
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 / for selected occupations studied on an area
basis in Richmond, Va., by industry division, October 1951)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
Sex, occupation, and industry division
Number
of
workers
$
$
$
s
$
$
$
*
$
$
>
t
$
$
1
*
$
$
$
$
*
Weekly Weekly Under 30.00 32 .S0 35.00 37.50 1*0.00 1*2.50 IjS.OO U7.50 50.00 52.50 55.00 57.50 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72.50 75.00 80.00 85.00
earnings
hours
and
(Standard) (Standard) *
30.00 M i 35.00 37.50 1*0.00 1*2.50 1*5.00 1*7.50 50.00 52.50 55.00 57*5o 60.00 62.50 65.00 67.50 70.00 72,50 75.00 80.00 85,00 90.QQ
$
90.00
and
<y?er
Women - Continued
Clerks, general ...................
Manufacturing ...................
Nonmanufacturing...............
Public utilities * ............
Wholesale trade... ....... .
Retail trade .................
Finance * * ................. ..
Services ....................
Clerks, order.... .................
Manufacturing...................
Noixnanufacturing.................
Wholesale trade ...............
Retail trade ..................
906
l*o.o
-T 5 J— —
775
5o
288
19k
179
6k
91
1*0.5
L*o.o
Uo.5
1*1.0
39.0
1*2.5
$
1*3.00
5i.oo
1*1.50
51.00
l*l*.oo
37.50
l*i.5o
36.50
2
3
1*8.00
55.00
1*3.50
1*9.50
-
Duplicating-machine operators....... .
Nonmanufacturing ................
ll*
15
39.5
39.5
38.00
38.00
51*7
1*75
37
191
103
126
18
............................... 933
. "TBI—
Stenographers, general
Manufacturing................................... .
Public u tilitie s * ..........................
Wholesale trade ...............................
Retail trade ....................................
Finance
.................... ..................
Services ...........................................
752
63
361
66
239
23
-
-
2
-
_
-
9
2
7
2
2
2
13
2
11
3
5
3
29
ll*
6
8
1
1
2
2
3
3
21
37
31
55
31
1*
27
55
2
1*9
20
3
17
1
9
10
5
5
3
2
1
1*
36
1*7
1*
36
1*7
73
1*
69
11
11*
33
3
31*
20
16
8
-
-
2
11*
ll*
6
x2
-
-
-
11
11
-
-
-
8
-
-
-
_
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
27
1*
23
8
3
-
12
and other public utilities
-
-
11
10
-
-
1*
3
11
1*7.00
1*8.50
1*6.50
1*7.00
1*9.50
1*3.50
1*3.00
50.50
-
-
2
2
21
-
3
-
37
3
31*
7
11
1
15
i
-
2
1
1
-
6
51
1*5
3
11
2
25
1*
1*0
ll*
26
2
15
8
1
-
3
1
-
21
17
5
7
5
-
5
3
2
2
-
3
3
-
k
-
17
11
6
38
l
-
32.50
3U.50
31.50
39.0
38.5
39.0
39.5
39.0
1*0.5
38.0
1*1.0
19
2
17
12
5
66
8'
11
18
27
2
1*9
10
39
10
5
15
9
. 1
38.5
53.00
9
2
21
"61.00”
52.00
61*.50
51.00
1*9.50
52.00
1*7.00
11
2
9
8
1
-
-
-
39.5
■393”.
39.0
1*0.0
39.5
1*0.5
38.0
38.0
1*0
21
16
77
11
1
-
3
-
37
3
33
30.50
63
-
1*0.00
1*9.00
39.00
1*5.50
38.00
-
98
12
18
120
80
1*
26
63
21 - 21*
31*
17
2
9
3
-
-
38.5
39.0
38.5
1*0.0
38.5
38.0
38.0
132
_
-
_
-
See footnote at end of table,
*
Transportation (excluding railroads), communication,
**
Finance, insurance, and r e a l estate.
19
15
1*8.50
2k
'~ fS ~
2
-
T9760-
Secretaries ...............................................
Manufacturing .......................................
Nonmanufacturing ..................................
Public u tilitie s * .......... ...............
Wholesale trade ...............................
Retail trade.......... *.......................
Finance « * .......................................
Services ..........................................
12
3
9
-
39.5
"■"3^.3“
39.5
39.0
1*1.0
38.0
Manufacturing .......................................
Nonmanufacturing ..................................
F^nanrA 44 . . T. 1T........ .... T. . t. - rt ,
8
i
7
6
1
1*5.00
1*2.00
1*2.50
1*0.50
150
■Sr
86
21
25
liB
15—
33
25
k
8
8
8
-
Clerks, payroll ...................
Manufacturing ...................
Nonmanufacturing ................
Wholesale trade ...............
Retail trade ................ ..
Finance * * .................. .
Office girls.............. .......
8
il*7
7
11*0
-
_
1*0.5
1*0.0
1*0.5
1*0.5
1(0.5
228
17
211
17
173
-
75
26
27
18
92
92
38
21*
17
13
75
1*2.50
20
71
52
19
Key-punch operators ................
Manufacturing............. .
Nonmanufacturing ................
Wholesale trade ...............
Finance * * ...................
22
22
2
12
_
27
1
26
1
20
1
-
6
23
2
1*
12
1
l
-
-
6
2
12
6
6
1
_
11 +
1
13
8
ll*
9
5
3
-
-
-
5
-
5
-
2
-
9
1
8
8
-
12
1
11
1
1
1
1
-
-
8
3
22
2
20
8
9
1
2
-
-
_
-
1
1
-
-
-
17
1
5
5
2
2
-
-
6
1*
2
2
10
_
-
_
-
1*
-
-
_
16
l
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
13
3
10
5
3
2
6
1
5
k
3
1
2
2
-
-
6
1
5
5
1
1
1
8
2
1*
-
-
-
6
6
_
5
3
2
1
_
-
20
20
20
-
92
150
20
130
2
36
36
56
92
139
16
123
2
52
6
63
9
6
122
30
92
15
50
1*
23
_
_
_
_
-
-
_
10
20
10
_
10
20
_
20
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
_
1
-
-
2
-
_
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
7
7
3
1
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
_
.
-
-
-
-
_
_
1
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
_
11
11
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2
1
1
_
l
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
..
_
-
_
-
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
-
_
_
_
.
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
-.
20
5
2
1
1
6
8
1
10
1
_
-
-
2
_
2
_
38 116
5“ 17
32
99
1
11
1*0
3
16
1
119
38
81
11
31*
1
3
22 223
29
5 17
97 20
35
19
78
6
33
56
7
19
3
11
39
13
15
2
1
12
1*6
7
39
8
3
11*
13
1
38
31*
1*
18
1
11
-
17
6
11
5
591k
6
50
-
63
-
~
8
28
— 5“
22
92
1*
7
16
2
2
_
1
3
-
1
-
-
2
-
_
_
-
-
k
1
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1*
k
-
1
.
2
-
9
75
51+
1*
5o
_
_
l
5o
'2
1
_
-
-
2
_
2_2 _2
12
10
3
5
-
7
3
l*
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
2
2
8
6
1
-
1
_
1
-
22
1
1+
_
15
2
«
6
_
_
_
_
2
6
5
_
1
-
6,
Table A-l:
O fo c * 0C C 44fuU iO *U - Q o n tU tS m d
(Average straight-tine weekly hours and earnings 1/ for selected occupations studied on an area
basis in Richmond, Va., by industry division, October 1951)
Table A-2:
P * o l* U iOMcU 0 * d V 'm o tm ic a l O cC U fM otiO H d
(Average straight-time weekly hours and earnings 1 / for selected occupations studied on an area
basis in Richmond, Va,, by industry division, October 1951)
Sex, occupation, and industry division
Number
of
workers
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS OF—
Atoaoi
Weekly earnings
Weekly Under
hours
“W
under
(Standard) (Standard)
42.50
ll5 .0 0
$
3
»
$
$
$
$
$
%
$
$
s
s
$
%
$
3
3
3
t
li5 .oo 1*7.50 9o.oo 52.50 55.00 57.50 60.00 6 2 .5 0 65.00 67.50 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 9 5.0 0 100.00105.00 110.001154X3 “ 2s8°
U?.5o 9o.oo 52-SQ 95.00 S7.50 60.00 62.50 6 5.0 0 6 7 .5 0 70,0 0 75*00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00 100.00 1 0 5 /x noxc 115.00isnjn
Men
Draftsmen...............................................
Manufacturing ......................
.
Noxmanufacturing ................................
i|8
3i
17
39.5
39.5
38.5
Draftsmen, junior ...................................
Nonmanufacturing........................... . .
2U
11
Uh
*
-
37.5
75.50
82.0o
6U.50
iifi.00
50.50
39.0
39.0
S9.00
6o.5o
2 __3_.
2
l
39.0
12
3
3
l
l
6
6
l
l
..-1.
2
8
6
-
6
6
2
$
h
1
1
1
>
2
1
1
13
8
5
13
1
1
6
6
k
k
5
1
1
3
2
2
h
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
0_ — 1__
3 1
— 2
1
Women
Nurses, industrial (registered)........... .
Manufacturing .....................................
y i
l
l
k
h
6
6
3
1
2
2
li
k
1/ Hours reflect the workweek for ldiich employees receive their regular straight-time salaries and the earnings correspond to these weekly hours*
-
-
Occupational tfage Survey, Richmond, Va,, October 1951
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF IABGR
ftxreau of Labor Statistics
7,
Table A-3:
• H O ttC *
a n d
f to W
B *
P U i* U
O c C M
f U x t jt m
i
(Average hourly earnings 1/ for men in selected occupations studied on an
area basis in Richmond, Va., by industry division, October 1951)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
Occupation and industry division
Number
of
workers
$
$
s
$
9
$
*
$
$
$
$
<
s
s
*
9 s $ $ $ s
Average
$
9
9
hourly Under 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.1*0 1.1*5 l.5o 1.55 1.60 1.70 U80 1^90 2.00 t
2.10 2.20 2.30 2.1*0
earnings \
anpT
maer
and
10.7S 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.1*0
1.1*5 i.5o 1.55 1.60 1.701.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.1|0 over
X$
1.65
1.61*.
Caroenters. maintenance .......................
Manufacturing............................
Nonmanufacturing.................... ......
Hil
110
31
Electr: ^ o. maintenance .....................
Manufacturing............. ...............
133
163
1.89
1.88 ■
Engineers, stationary........................
Manufacturing ........... ............ ....
Nonmanufacturing ..........................
Retail trade......... ..............
67
— 3 H
32
12
1*77
"136"1
2.00
1.81*
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
20
17
3
1
2
1
1
1
Helpers, trades, maintenance ..................
Manufacturing ............................
232
1.50
■ w d 1.51""
-
1.
T”
-
1
1
229
1.39
13U
68
51
1.38
1 .1*0
1.1*8
1.29
Mechanics, maintenance ....................
Manufacturing... .........................
368
1.86
“il*T“ ”1786”
Oilers ....................................
Manufacturing ............................
92
86
Painters, maintenance... .....................
Manufacturing .......................... .
Nonmanufacturing... .............. ....... .
90
1.72
38
11
”T787”
1.51
1.75
y
*
l*
3
1
10
5
5
16
15
1
5
5
-
-
_
_
8
8“
-
1*
1*
-
-
-
_
1
i
_
-
-
6
H* 19 16
11* r r r " I T “i n
1
*
7
_
1
1*
—
6
3
3
1
1
-
13
10
6
51
_
_
1*
h
1
2
2
1
2
5
- n n
2
1
_
2
_
1
-
6
6
13
7
l
_
_
■laar
1*67
1.1*9
"39IT~ ■"11BT
266
1.1*3
1.75
1*1*
1.30
58
1/
l
l
1.88
Mechanics, automotive (maintenance) .............
Nonmanufacturing ............... ......... .
PnKJ-fc irfc-n-it/fes * T..,..... T._r_.T._,__ TTtt
Vh/V)enalp +.rarip
Retail trade ...........................
1 t.raHc I , . TT. , I . l i r . ITrTt. 1___ TTTTt. t l l I
-
7
_
8 18 18
- 16“n T
8
2 12
1
5
8
Maintenance men. general utility...............
Manufacturing ...................... .....
Nonmanufacturing ................. .........
Retail trade.................... .......
Services ............................. .
l
1
1.36
nr3 7 -
6
8
-
1*
3
1
5
3
2
9
7
2
8
5
3
9
7
2
8
3
5
2
1
1
1
8
7
7
5
1
8
1*6 3?
7 “ 26" 37
1*
1* _
2
1* 2
2
- 1*
9 _
1*
9 _
.
3
1
5
-
_
5
- ■ 5
li
-
2
2
-
_
11
- 2A1
- ” 3
..
-
_
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
1
1
_
-
-
7
l.iit
189
538— 1 '1.15”'
1.11
51
1.16
10
.88
23
253
21*?
-
1.70
Firemen, stationary boiler....................
Manufacturing............................
Nonmanufacturing ..........................
Retail trade ...........................
Services______________T_____ ______ t-t-
Machinists, maintenance .......................
Manufacturing ............................
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
2
_
-
_
-
3
-
-
26
8
8
11 T ~ T
2
15
3
2
2
9
-
-
2
2, 3
- . 2
2
1
-•
_
«.
1*
1*
- n r
- T
_
-
2
_
_
-
-
-
1*
-
_
-
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
~ r
-
l*
5
1*
2
15
r± r
10
19
17
2
38
19
19
5
12
11 1*8
11 i n
1*8
51
5i
18
5
3
2
2
-
2
1
10
-
2
1
1*
1*
9
9
2
2
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
-
-
15
1
1*
1 “ IT
5
-f_
3
-
21*
-
5
~ r
9
5
2 ~ir
3
5
i*
3
1*
_
_
22
1*
3
3
9
9
.
_
-
1
_
-
12 152
12 152
7
6
-
20
20
1*
1*
1
1
53
53
9
20
•
20
20
~
Ilf
k
5
_
5
_
-
ii*
5
9
6
It
2
1
12
h
2
1
1
_
-
~
1
1
- ' 1
1
1
2
2 li*
- ■11
2
3
2
_
_
69
13
2
2
2
133 37
129 36
9
30
30
1
1
-
_
-
_
-
1
1
5
-
1?
18
1
12
12
2
2
6
6
2
1*
.
-
?6
1
1
2
f*
-h
8
3
5
5
-
-
37
35
-
U
-
1
1
2 ll»
2 li*
25
25
22
1*
1* 6
3 ’“5
1 1 _
12
12
7
-
20
20
-
8
8
_
-
13
6
6
_
2
1
3
-
_
6
1
1
10
10
13
1
-
?
9
2
P
2
7 ~ r
3
1*7
1*6
•ao
11
12
12
12
52
i t
7
_ 1?
- 11
- It
- 3
1? 1*3
19 w
8 ■58
Q
2
1*6
38
31
21
7
1*?
5
80
•
-
118 !*°
118 i*o
1
k
10
10
10
_
-
IZ
12
—
-
_
-
_
_
-
-
7
*
1*1
37
l
-
-
2
U
l
1X
•
-
-
1
1
_
.
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
9
9
_
-
li
1*
_
2_
2
_
-
-
1
«e
1
-
_
-
X
-
___J
Excludes premium pay far overtime and night work.
Workers were distributed as followsi $2.1*0 to $2.50, 3 workers} $2.50 to $2.60, 6 workers; $ 2.60 to $2.70, 2 workers.
Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
Occupational Wage Survoy, Richmond, 7a., October 1951
U.S. DEPARTMENT OP LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table A-U:
G
u &
t o d ia l,
W
a ’f J i o u L m
?
a n d
S
U
ip f u *
?
G
e tm
p a t to
*
(Average hourly earnings \ f for selected occupations 2/ studied on an area
basis in Richmond, Va., by industry division, October 1951)
NUMBER OF WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
Number
of
workers
Occupation and industry division
Janitors, porters, and cleaners (men) ...........
Manufacturing ............... ..............
Nonmanufacturing............ .............
Wholesale trade ................ ........
Retail trade ................ ..........
Finance # * ............... .............
Services ..............................
5
<
$
$
s
>
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Average i
hourly jJnder 0.50 o.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.0 5 1 .1 c 1 .1 5 1.2C 1.25 1.3 0 1 .3 5 i.ao 1.1)5 1.50 1.55 1.60 1 .7 0 1.80 1.90
earnings
and
1
inder
3.50 o.5S 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.0 5 1.10 1 .1 5 1.20 1.S 1.3C 1 ,3 5 i*ao i.as 1.50 1.55 1.50 1.70 1,80 lt*> over
51
29
22
I
1.30
■” i 3 r
.98
1098
m
67 u
73
120
279
121
81
.92
1.09
.81
.97
.88
.79
.78
.71
-
1
6
27
73
_
-
35
3
35
26
1
6
172
.57
52
Order fillers.... ...........................
Manufacturing.................. ...........
Nonmanufacturing ......................................................
382
125
257
1.0 0
1 .1 3
•9h
-
207
.95
5ia
323
221
162
1.00
.1 .1 0
.85
.85
59
.87
( 1(
i i
i i ‘ -i - r i ‘ i
HiU
110
.99
1.05
Receiving clerks ...........................................................
Manufacturing ..........................................................
Nonmanufacturing .....................................................
Wholesale trade ..................................................
Retail trade .......................................................
163
5U
109
57
52
1.15
1.39
1.0U
1.00
1.09
Shipping clerks............... , ..........................................
Manufacturing..........................................................
Nonmanufacturing ......................................................
Wholesale trade ............................................. .
239
1.32
1.118
1.2U
1.25
Shipping-end-receiving clerks . . . ...............................
Manufacturing ..........................................................
Nonmanufacturing.......................................... ...........
P^Vl] 1 O
ll+.i 1 1
TfTIITTlIII
Wholesale trade ........................... .......................
Retail trade ...................... ................................
91
229
-- 88
1
liil
1.2U
1.32
1.18
26
81
31
1 .1 1
1 .2 0
-
-
10
10
76
271
£
7
-
-
-
-
-
_
.
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
-
6
5
a
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
2
6
1
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
7
-
7
-
-
-
-
85
8
77
ill
2
22
8
ia
90
7
83
59
20
7
13
13
72
21
5
58
25
33
33
72
63
9
1R2
85
21
57
12
a3
9
ia
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
23
-
20
13
2
2
27
_
_
5
2
3
-
-
-
-
_
±•27
-
«
-
-
-
26
15
R
11
a3
_
_
39
-
-
2
3
96
76
20
18
2
20
i5
5
9
-
8
3
_
..
_
a
2
28
2
3
_
11
ia
-
-
a
2
2
28
8
2
3
2
_
11
10
2
12
-
1
-
-
-
_
_
_
_
-
-
j
-
20
20
20
_
_
.
_
13
_
_
ii
-
20
20
2
2
10
10
2
2
3
3
6
6
37
37
1
1
-
23
-
-
-
9
6
3
2
1
5
1
1
8
8
6
-
6
a
1
.
5
a
1
-
-
-
-
_
-
_
_
_
_
-
_
_.
-
-
-
-
-
-
22
2
20
2
1
1
13
13
2a
19
-
ia
11
13
13
17
-
-
-
1
-
a
13
5
3
-
-
-
10 17
2 15
8 2
8 2
22
-
6
6
10
-
-
a
2
12
-
10
6
16
a
_
12
_
10
~
2
_
_
5
15
-
-
-
-
a
2
_
-
-
1
3
-
-
_
-
17
-
-
_
-1 2 -
13
-
-
1 -Hl . 1 ia
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
_
2li
3
-
_
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
—
-
_
-
-
_
-
_
-
-
-
-
2 _JL_
2
5
-
-
_
-
2
R
- _k_
a
-
3
3
13
23
3
-
-
6 — 1
6
7
-
6
6
2
-
a
_
31
31
31
ia
-
—
-
a
3
-
-
1
2
-
-
-
22
22
56
-
-
-
22
20
27
.
-
12
7 “ 81 a- 12
8 12 52
8 12 26
15
2
-
-
-
10
7
3
2
-
-
5
-
1
6
9
5
a
-
_
ia
1
31
20
11
-
86 _J2_ 61 _22_ 7
81
99 5
a 57
2
5 28
a
2 13
_
1 ia
1
1
1
2
1
1
_ 1
1
_
-
5
5
-
-
3
-*
-
_
2
63 • 20 1 U7 106 119 _iz_ 39 1 2 k it 2li 33 ia 11 62
82 86 a3 28 72
63 20 133
R 27
6
a ia
3
- U2 33
2
ia 12
68
28
12
22
22
9
19
3U
6
1
21
a
3 56 13 12
8
1
10
9
5
3
77 103
77 103
.76
Packers (women) .............................
Manufacturing ..................... .......
1U2
70
73
6
.60 ?A6^ 5U
1.00
.55 l / l d i 5U
( (
27
I
575
57
518
U6
VfhATA^°l A
_
1
Janitors, porters, and cleaners (women) ..........
Manufacturing ............................
Nonmanufacturing .......... ...... .........
T,7Via1aecl a +^*4^0
<
Da 4,o^1
.......
Packers (men) ......................... .......... .........................
Manufacturing ...........................................................
Nonmanufacturing ..........................
+rTfl<^A l t T - t r T 1 - T T T - T - T T - - T - T - - - - - - - ____ ,
Retail trade ...........................
-
_
"
12
a
a6
a6
-
12
12
3
ai
_
-
16
25
5
20
8
8
-
3
7
7
5
29
5
2a
5
13
13
16
2
nr
ia
13
17
1,
4
a
12
5
_
_
-
3
-
27
9
_
-
18
3
15
15
1
a3
15
11
a
26
18 17
u
11
7
-
7
5
-
1
-
2a
_
T~
6
_
u
a
2
6
7
5
2.
13
u
9
2
2
-
_
9
a
L ..
n 18 1
nr n T ” 1
a
_
-
10
10
3
a
a
_
I
9
3
a
_
.
5
_
_
t
h
_
.
i
!
1
1
See footnotes at end of tab le.
* Transportation (excluding railroa d s), communication, and other public u t il i t i e s
## Finance, insurance, and rea l e sta te.
Occupational Wage Survey, Richmond, Va., October 1951
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau o f Labor S ta tis tic s
9.
Table A-4:
G
tU
to J U
a i,
W
a s tm
J tO M
lin p
a n d
S
h
ip
p
in
g
O c e m
p a tU m
i
-
O o n
t it u
u
d
(Average hourly earnings l j for selected industries £/ studied on an area
basis in Richmond, Va., by industry division, October 1951)
Occupation and industry division
Manufacturing...........................................................
Sonnaaufaeturing ......................................................
PuVl 1c utilities * , t T ............... T- - - T. T.. T.. T
Retail trade ............ ................. ..........
NUMBER OP WORKERS RECEIVING STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS OF—
$
$
$
$
s
*
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
%
$
$
$
$
a
$
Number Average
of
hourly Jnder 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40 1.45 1.50 1.53 1.60 1 . 7C 1.8G 1.90
workers earnings
and
and
1 under
).50 0.55 0.60 O.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0 . 8? 0.90 O.95 1.00 1.03 1,10 1.15 1,20 1,25 1,30 1,35 1,40 1.45 1.39 1.55 1 . 6Q 1.79 1.89 1.99 over
1532
995
537
207
$
1.08
i.ll
1.00
201
1.16
.92
.92
.94
.91
.84
.97
-
Retail trade . rT___T_T....................................... t
191
33
15S
54
75
Truck drivers, nediun (1^ to and including 4 tons) . . .
Manufacturing ............................................................
Xonaanufaoturin g .....................................................
Retail trade , , ,
t t t r, T11. Tt r T. , TTt TTTT,
955
Si
777
106
1.11
1.12
-
Trunk drivers, heavy (ever 4 tons, trailer type) .......
Manufacturing............................................................
Monaaxufaoturing .............................. ...................... .
Pnhlla ntllitlaa a T
. trrrf. rT...............
Retail t.1*arla t (| |(|ltl riitirT-ririr.... 1
336
— 52
284
217
43
Truck driven, heavy (ever 4 tone, other
than trailer type) ................................................ .
Manufacturing...........................................................
Kanaanufacturing.......................................... .
77
48
29
drivers, light (under l£ tons) ....................
Manufacturing .................... .......................... .
Bonaanufaoturing ......................................................
T re a t
Truckers, newer (fork-lift) ......................
Manufacturing ......... ......................
loneanufaoturin g ........... ...............
Uatehnan......................................
Manufacturing ............................................................
Boneanufaeturiag................. ............... ....................
Pnhlla ut-mt-faa *
Rata41 twada
Serviaaa
1/
g/
2/
*
.................
........ ....
153
.107
46
272
96
34
25
31
1.06
-
_
4
-
6 10
6 10
6 10
-
4
14
-
14
-
2
2
14
-
1-
-
-
104 105 225
do 4d 105
24 57 120
4
2
?8
3
38
27
1.32
1.35
1.28
-
-
-
-
.97
1.04
.85
.96
•88
.73
1
2
2
1
1
1
i
13
1
1
13
13
40
;
' *»
•
" T
-
4
2
-
-
2
1
1
48 L34
13 13
35 L21
35 4
39
30
9
6
1.13
1.19
1.00
23
14
45
9
36
10
10
-
93 26
34 4
59 22
42 3
23
23
-
1.20
1.20
10
1
16 10
6
9 10
2
3
14
26
11
-
25
25
-
24 16 6 31
2 5 12
11 H 1 19
9 10
2 4 1 1
13
7
.99
1.23
" T 5 4 _1
1.23
5
108
111 46 63 101
7d 25 35
88
33 21 28
13
1
1
16 3 24
12
2
-
-
5
-
-
11
1
21
20
20
6
17
6 10
6 6
-
4
12
12
45
25
20
6 10
5
10
9
-
10
10
5
-
11 8
- 8
11 _
34
27
7
6
1
4
2
2
1
1
•
8
15
7
5
2
217
193
193
-
-
-
-
30
30
14
9
•
5
30
29
9
1
1
9
82
73
9
6
3
10
5
5
18
14
4
3
4
3
-
-
-
15
7 3 15
3
43
7
36
4
-
-
-
7
20 421
10
15
15
16 18
4 403
4
1
-
222
249
27
217
55
55
-
12
12
6
6
24
13
-
11
6
20
7
4
1
3
-
10
5
5
10
10
1
1
1
2
1
g
24_
3
_
3
3
25 48
48
20
15
X
_
1
1
X
4
-
-
-
-
-
.
9
9
-
-
-
.
-
-
.
•
.
23
5“ 15 -
4
.
•
•
4
H
3
11
4
4
15
1
1
1
5
1
4
4
7
>
Excludea preaiun pay for overtlna tad night work.
Study United to non workers except whore otherwise indicated.
Worker* were distributed aa follows! 30 to 35 cents, 1 worker; 35 to 40 cents, 156 workers; 40 to 45 cents, 2 workers; 45 to 50 cents, 5 workers.,
Transportation (excluding railroads), coaoranleation, and other public utilities.
80
76
4
2
2
2
13
j
6
-
410
-
23
23
13
15
29
8
8
29
-
-
4
4
-
.
-
22 11
19
3 11
_
-
_
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
4
:
4
-
-
10
.
B: Characteristic Industry Occupations
Table B-63:
9 * * i4 4 / U M U > e
G & V U & U s
if
Occupational Wage Surrey, Riohaond, Ya., October 1951
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
n,
C:
Union W age
Scales
rates and maximum straigit-tim e hours per week agreed upon through collective bargaining
between employers and trade unions* Rates and hours are those In effe ct on dates indicated.)
(Minimum wage
Table C-15*
B u ild U U f
Table C-205:
G o t U f r u t c t iO H
January 2, 1952
Rate
per
hour
Bricklayers
$2,750
2.050
Carpenters ...................... ................ .
Electricians •••••••••••••*••«••••••••••••• 2.250
Painters
1.875
Plasterers ••••••••••••••••*•••••••*••*•••• 2.500
Plumbers .................................................. . 2.475
B
o h v U
Hours
per
week
40
40
40
40
40
40
tl
July 1, 1951
Classification
Rate
per
hour
Bread and cake - Machine shops:
Agreement A:
Bread:
Dough mixers ............................... $1,410
Oven operators ............................ 1.360
Divider operators, solder
1.330
operators...............................
Wrapping-machine operators.......... 3.310
Mixers' helpers (advanced) .......... 1.280
Oven feeders and dumpers ............. 1.260
Dough room helpers, benchmen
(female), and wrapping1.180
machine feeders.............. .
Helpers:
1st 6 months ...........................
.980
1.080
After 6 months •••........... .
Cake:
Cake mixers, icing mixers...........
1.330
Cake oven operators . . . . : ............. 1.280
Depositor operators, cake
wrapping-machine operators . . . . . 1.180
Icing-machine operators
1.080
leers and wrappers, female........ . 1.030
Helpers (male):
After 6 months..........••••••«•• 1.080
Helpers (female):
After 6 months ......................
1.030
Agreement B:
Dough mixers, cake mixers ................ 1.470
Oven operators ................................. 1.450
Divider operators, wrapping-machine
operators (bread), henchmen,
relief men, molder operators . . . . . . 1.390
Depositor operator's (female), cake
wrapping-machine operators (female) 1.240
Mixers' helpers, oven feeders,
dumpers....................................... 1.330
Molder helpers, icing- and enrobingmachine operators, wrappers'
helpers ....................................... . 1.230
-
G w
Table c-27: P A U tlb u } - Ctm tim am i
t i H M md
July 1, 1951
July 1, 1951
Classification
Table C-2051
B a A & t ie d
Hours
week
Rate
per
hour
Classification
Bread and cake - Machine shops: - Continued
Agreement B: - Continued
Female workers:
Hand icers, depositor helpers •••• $1,150
General bakery helpers
1.100
Crackers and cookies:
Dough mixers................... ..................... 1.275
Checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.250
Machinemen, enrobers, and overmen ........
1.225
Wrappers and automatic carton formers .. 1.200
Dough rollers ................... ........ .
1.175
1.150
Stockmen
Icing machinemen, mixers ........... .......... 1.125
Mixers, bakers' helpers ................. .
1.100
Dough rollers' helpers .........................
1.045
Icing helpers, shippers, stockmen's
helpers, and packing department
helpers........... ................................
1.025
Women employees, after 6 months ............ 1.000
Hours
per
week
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
Newspapers: - Continued
Machine operators - day work ................. $2,374
Machine operators - night work........... . 2.465
Machine tenders (machinists) - day work • 2.374
Machine tenders (machinists) - night work 2.465
Photoengravers - day work................. .
2.500
Photoengravers - night work ...•••........ 2.625
Pressmen, web presses - day work ••.•••.. 2.243
Pressmen, web presses - night work •••••• 2.330
Pressmen-in-charge - day work........ ••••• 2.492
Pressmen-in-charge - night work ••••••••• 2.580
Stereotypers - day work •••••••.••........ 2.243
Stereotypes - night work..................... 2.330
Table C-41:
40
40
“5
per
hour
Classification
jf c o c c U
<J 'U U
Hours
per
week
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
U U
Qp& iatm q, CmfUoqmA
October 1, 1951
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
Rate
per
hour
Classification
Table C-27* P / U n lU
July 1, 1951
Classification
U f.
Rate
Per
hour
Book and job shops:
Bindery women ....................................... $1,005
Bookbinders ..........................................
1.875
Compositors, hand ................................. 1.875
Electrotypes .............. .
2.250
Machine operators ...................... ........ . 1.875
Machine tenders (machinists)................ 1.875
Photoengravers........... ......................... 2.625
Press assistants and feeders:
Agreement A .................... ................ 1.530
Agreement B ....................................
1.150
Agreement C .............................. .
1.000
Pressmen, cylinder:
Agreement A:
Rotary ....................................... . 1.660
Small cylinder press (Kelly)....... 1.790
Agreement B ..................................... 2.000
Offset ................ ........ .
2.000
Agreement C:
Small cylinder press................. . 1.675
Pressmen, platen:
Agreement A . . . . « no .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.260
Agreement B
1.630
Agreement C
......................
1.250
Newspapers:
Compositors, hand - day work...........
2.374
Compositors, hand - night work............ 2.465
Hours
per
week
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
Hours
per
week
1-man cars and busses:
First 3 months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $1,170
4 to 12 months .......................... 1.220
After (me year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* »w - c-42 ■
1.270
MotaX&utck
‘Cm d
#U
JtmLpiu
July 1, 1951
Classification
Bakery:
After 1 year........... .............. ..............
Furniture ................................ .
Helpers ................................................ .
General - Freight ........... .
Agreement A:
Helpers .............................................
Agreement B:
Freight and produce ................... •••••
Helpers .............................................
Meat - Packing house:
Agreement A:
After 3 0 days........... ................. .
Agreement B:
After 9 0 days ................................. .
Railway express •••••..................................
feats
per
hour
Hours
per
week
$ 1 ,1 7 5
1 .2 0 0
1 .1 5 0
1 .2 5 0
40
44
44
44
1 .1 5 0
44
1 .2 0 0
1 .1 5 0
48
48
1 .3 3 5
40
1 .5 6 5
1 .6 5 3
40
40
Occupational Wage Surrey* Richmond, Va., October 1951
U. S. DEPARTMENT OP LABOR
Bureau of Labor S tatistics
12,
D: Entrance Rates
Table D-li
Minimum Cuhamoe PateA job Plant WafJmai 1/
E: Supplementary Wage Practices
Percent of plant workers in establishments with specified
minimum rates in -
Minimum rate (in cents)
All
industries
2/
All establishments .................
100.0
AO or under .............................
Over AO and under A5 ..............
A 5 ............................................
5 0 ............................................
Over 50 and under 55 ..............
5 5 ............................................
Over 55 and under 6 0 ..............
6 0 ............................................
6 5 ............................................
7 0 ............................................
7 5 ............................................
Over 75 and under 80 ..............
8 0 ............................................
Over 80 and under 8 5 ..............
8 5 ............................................
Over 85 and under 90 ..............
9 0 ............................................
Over 90 and under 95 ..............
9 5 ............................................
Over 95 and under 100 ............
1 0 0 ..........................................
Over 110 and under 115 ..........
115..........................................
Over 115 and under 120 ..........
120 and over ...........................
3.2
3.A
.7
5.6
•A
.A
Establishments with no
established minimum............
Information not available . . . .
1/
2/
*
Manufacturing establishments
with 501 or
21-100
101-500
more
workers
workers
workers
100.0
100.0
100.0
.3
10.A
.2
6.3
.
-
.
18.5
18.8
13.3
3.5
16.3
9.9
.
-
9.6
33.3
-
7.A
-
19.7
.8
l.A
1.2
1.0
25.8
3.2
2.3
A .l
8.1
6.2
.3
7.1
3.0
.3
.8
1.2
.9
-
1.1
77.0
12.5
-
2.6
-
-
23.A
•
9.2
12.5
-
Table E - n
Wholesale
Public
utilities*
trade
100.0
_
.
1.9
'19.A
3A.9
19.2
100.0
.
_
-
68.1
8.6
8 .A
Services
100.0
100.0
2.9
15.5
3.2
25.7
1.7
1.7
3.8
5.9
A.7
A.A
9.5
36.5
.1
2.0
6.9
-
12.8
-
10.7
2.A
-
.
2.7
A.0
3.2
A.1
-
.
2.3
-
-
-
5.0
A.2
A8 .A
-
.5
-
3.7
-
12.0
9.9
-
1.1
Lowest rate formally established for hiring either men or women plant workers, other than watchmen.
Excludes data for finance, insurance, and real estate.
Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
Retail
trade
S
h
if t
%
if t e
J it U
ie
Shift differential
d
P a o v U U h U
Peroent of plant
workers employed
on each shift in
all manufacturing
industries
2d
shift
3d or
other
shift
Peroent of workers on extra shifts,
a ll establishments ...........................
13.8
11.9
Receiving shift differentials .......
10.5
9.6
Uniform cents (per hour) ..........
Under 5 cents ........................
5 oents ..................................
6 cents ..................................
Over 6 and under 10 cents .. .
10 cents ................................
Over 10 cents ........................
3.1
1.3
2.7
1.6
•2
_
-
•8
1.0
.6
.3
Uniform percentage ....................
5 percent ..............................
5& percent .............................
8 percent ..............................
10 peroent .............................
1.0
6.8
Receiving no shift differential . . .
3.3
2.3
7.A
.1
2.A
3.9
6.9
.1
-
Occupational Wage Survey, Richmond, Va., October 1951
U.S. DEPARTMENT OP LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
13
Table E-2 *
S c h e d u le d
PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS
Weekly hours
All establishments ........... ...................
Under 35 hours.................................... ..
35 hours • • • • • ......................... ..............
3*7$ hours.............. ............ ....................... ..
Over 37J- mod under 10 hours .................
40 hours ...............................................
Over 40 and under 44 hours
44 hours ......................... ......................
Over 44 and under 48 hours ................ ..
48 hours ...............................................
Over 48 and under 50 hours...........................
50 hours ...............................................................................
Over 50 hours....................................................... ..
All
Industrie*
Manufacturing
Public
utilities*
100.0
100.0
100,0
5.0
4.9
17.6
21.9
8.9
5.1
3.4
22.4
59.2
.5
_
.5
_
.
42.6
3.5
3.1
1.2
.2
_
_
Wholesale
trade
1 .2
10.8
10.8
67.7
2 .2
2 .2
_
.
3.0
J fo u A A ,
PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Retail trade
Finance**
Services
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.7
10.1
11.4
17.5
44.3
16.7
-
3.3
0 .1
-
4.8
4.0
70.5
7.1
11.8
1.1
-
3 .8
-
+ e J U tf
y | EMPLOYED IN—
.. 100.0
0.5
62.8
2.1
32.4
W
.5
-
_
14.6
20.4
38.0
12.9
10.8
-
-
Public
utilities*
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
100.0.
100.0
100.0
100.0
-
-
1 .0
-
-
3.6
1.1
85.4
.4
_
industries 2 f Manufacturing
1.9
.6
6 6 .2
4*4
2.2
3.5
12.6
.6
4.6
3.3
-
.2
7.3
1.2
.8
42.7
11.8
4.2
2.2
31.2
7.9
-
60.3
5.7
5.0
5.6
8.4
14*0
48.9
10.9
3.6
4.7
6.5
12.4
13.0
Servieee
100.0
.
16.8
2.4
8.1
24.7
46.4
1.6
Data relate to women workers.
Includes data for industries other than those shown separately.
* Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
** finance, insurance, and real estate.
" jj
2/
Table E-3*
P a id
J h
U
d
a
tf i
PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Humber of paid holidays
All establishments.............. .
Establishments providing paid
holidays................ .. ..........................
All
industries
Manufacturing
1 0 0 .0
10 0 .0
9 7 .1
1 0 0 .0
1 .0
1.0
4 .5
4 0 .2
1 .2
1 5 .2
3 .9
1 3 .0
2 .5
2 .9
8 .2
Establishments providing no paid
holidays ...................... .....................
2 .9
.5
7 .1
.3
.
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
_
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Finance**
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
8 0 .8
1 0 0 .0
_
.1
1 .0
Under 3 days ....................................
3 days .............................................
3& and 4 days ..............................................................
4 days..............................................................................
5 days.................................................................................
5£ days
6 days..................................................................................
4 days..............................................................................
7 days.................................................................................
days................ .................................................
8 days .................................................................................
9 k days ............................................
1 2 days ............................................
1 3 or more days................................
Public
utilities*
-
2 .6
2 0 .9
.6
3 .0
1 2 .6
5 2 .3
2 3 .6
4 9 .6
6 .3
1 1 .5
-
1 8 .0
-
3 .3
-
-
-
3 0 .2
4 5 .6
-
-
-
1 .4
1 3 .0
“
includes data for industries other than those shown separately.
Less than .05 of 1 percent.
Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilitiesfinance, insurance, and real estate.
PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
.9
5 .6
2 .0
7 2 .3
-
-
“
1 9 .2
.
-
-
_
1 9 .3
-
2 7 .6
-
1 8 .9
-
8 .9
2 5 .3
a**.
1 0 0 .0 ..
9 0 .1
8 .0
3 .8
.2
_
5 6 .0
-
1 9 .6
2.5
-
9.9
All
industries 1 / Manufacturing
Public
utilities*
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Bsrricee
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
10 0 ,0
1 0 0 ,0
8 5 .1
9 0 .5
8 3 .5
1 0 0 .0
7 6 .0
6 2 .6
9 .3
-
5 .6
1 4 .8
1 .9
6 .1
1 .9
6 6 .7
-
2 4 .0
4 .9
3 .3
.1
.8
3 .7
2 .5
3 .3
3 .6
9 .9
2 .0
• 7 .0
5 .7
2 1 .6
5 7 .9
.2
1 0 .7
—
3 .5
6 0 .6
5 2 .2
1 9 .4
5 4 .5
3 .7
4 .8
2 .7
-
1 8 .6
1 .9
-
-
(2 /)
-
-
1 4 .9
9 .5
a.
”
1 6 .5
—
**
a.
-
-
6 .0
2 .3
2 4 .0
3 7 .4
-
“
-
Occupational Wage Survey, Richmond, Va., October 1951
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Itareau of labor Statistics
u.
table E-4:
P
a
id
V &
o g
& U
U
h
(Q
o n m
a l P
a
o u
M
o m
A
)
PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Vacation policy
All
Industries
Manufacturing
Public
utilities*
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Finanoe**
to * * .
AH
industries!/
Manufacturing
Public
utilities*
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Establishments with paid vacations....
99.1
96.8
100.0
98.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.5
89.6
89.0
95.0
98.9
83.3
Under 1 w e e k .....................
1 week ...........................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........
2 w e e k s ............... ..........
Over 2 w e e k s .....................
1.0
26.8
2.1
68.0
1.2
18.1
1.5
77.2
71.4
*»
71.5
-
61.6
35.2
3.2
6.0
49.1
_
39.9
27.5
9.5
2.3
Establishments with no paid vacations ..
.9
3.2
-
16.7
Establishments with paid vacations....
99.1
96.8
100.0
98.5
100.0
1 w e e k ...........................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s .......
2 w e e k s ..........................
Over 2 w e e k s .....................
15.4
3.0
78.6
2.1
U.9
1.5
80.4
-
6.2
90.6
3.2
22.3
3.6
68.0
4.6
49.8
2.0
48.2
-
.9
3.2
Establishments with paid vacations .....
99.1
96.8
100.0
98.5
100.0
1 w e e k ...........................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........
2 w e e k s ....... ...................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........
3 w e e k s ............ .............
6.7
1.2
88.8
2.1
.3
3.5
1.5
91.8
-
2.9
93.9
3.2
-
13.8
3.6
76.6
4.5
-
17.5
2.0
78.4
Establishments with no paid vacations ..
.9
3.2
Establishments with paid vacations •••••
99.1
96.8
100.0
98.5
100.0
1 w e e k .................... .
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........
2 w e e k s ................... ..... .
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s .......
3 w e e k s ............. .......... .
6.7
1 .0
62.8
2.0
26.6
3.5
1.5
77.5
14.3
2.9
17.8
3.2
76.1
13.8
3.6
57.3
4.5
19.3
17.4
Establishments with no paid vacations ..
.9
3.2
All establishments...................
L
jgmt
.
100.0
of gvrriou
_
5.5
27.0
-
60.4
66.0
1.5
_
_
39.6
-
2.9
5.5
89.4
2.2
61.1
2.5
.4
49.9
2.8
38.2
.2
-
-
-
8.5
10.4
11.0
5.0
1.1
100.0
92.8
92.0
89.0
95.0
99.9
83.3
26.3
39.3
4.6
48.7
.2
28.2
7.0
56.8
-
36.3
52.7
-
39.0
1.6
53.6
.8
59.3
3.2
36.4
64.7
7.2
8.0
11.0
5.0
1.1
100.0
92.8
92.0
89.0
95.0
98.9
83.3
20.0
•
18.9
1.8
69.1
2.2
.8
8.5
1.9
77.9
3.7
3.3
24.6
1.6
68.0
.8
36.0
3.2
56.2
62.9
7.2
8.0
100.0
92.8
92.0
20.0
71.6
-
17.6
1.1
55.1
3.3
15.7
6.0
1.9
61.8
3.7
18.6
43.9
10.7
31.2
7.2
8.0
11.0
-
36.4
34.3
5.3
50.0
-
68.6
•
20.4
-
2 veers of service
Establishments with no paid vacations .•
-
1.5
-
100.0
5.5
92.3
2.2
-
71.2
2.5
-
16.3
2.3
16.7
5 years of service
-
1.5
-
2.1
-
100.0
97.8
2.2
-
77.5
2.5
-
85.7
-
18.1
2.3
3.5
5.0
1.1
89.0
95.0
98.9
83.3
3.2
24.6
1.6
59.8
36.0
62.9
16.7
15 years of service
1.5
1/ Inoludes data for industries other than those shown separately.
* Transportation (excluding railroads)) communication, and other public utilities.
** Finanoe, insurance) and real estate.
100.0
_
-
-
75.5
7.1
69.4
2.2
28.4
8.4
56.7
14.4
8.2
6.2
6.0
5.0
1.1
16.7
.8
Occupational Wage Survey) Richmond, Ta., October 1951
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Table E-5i
Provisions fo r paid sick leave
A ll establishm ents......................................
frjgptha of sgvicg
Xstablisfanents with farnal provisions
fo r paid sick le a v e .................................
Under 5 d ay s............................................
5 d ay s.......................................................
6 d ay s......................................................
7 d ay s.......................................................
8 d ay s.......................................................
10 d ay s.....................................................
12 d ay s.................................... ................
U d ay s......................................................
15 days ......................................................
20 days and e v e r................................
Establishments with no formal provisions
for paid sick leave .................................
1 vaar of service
Establishments with fornal provisions
for paid sick leave .................................
M a r 5 d ay s...................................... .
5 d ay s.......................................................
6 d ay s.......................................................
7 d ay s...............................................
10 d ay s.....................................................
11 d ay s.....................................................
12 d ay s.....................................................
U d ay s.....................................................
15 d ay s....................................................
20 day.........................................................
22 d ay s.....................................................
Over 22 d ay s............................................
Establishments with no formal provisions
fo r paid sick leave .................................
5 veers of service
Establishments with fornal provisions
fo r paid sick le a v e .................................
5 d ay s.......................................................
6 d ay s.....................................................
7 d ay s....................... ...............................
8 d ay s..................... .................................
9 days .......................................................
10 days .....................................................
11 d ay s.................................................. ..
12 d ay s.....................................................
H d ay s.......................................................
15 days .....................................................
20 days .....................................................
22 d ay s.....................................................
24 d ay s................... .................................
30 days .....................................................
33 days ......................................................
36 d ay s....................................................
Over 36 d ay s............................................
Establishments with no formal provisions
fo r paid sick le a v e ...............................
y
2/
*
**
All
industries
P a id S ic Jt Jiaaae (4o* m a l P^ ooUiOMi)
PERCENT OP OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Wholesale
Public
Retail trade Finance**
Manufacturing utilities*
trade
Serriese
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.7
.1
4.4
7.2
.4
2.2
4.0
(2/)
.1
.3
81.3
12.7
12.7
87.3
5.0
3.2
1.8
95.C
12.5
1.0
11.5
87.5
29.6
.9
20.1
8.3
.3
70.4
27.7
4.6
10.9
12.2
72.3
8.4
5.9
2.5
91.6
6.3
1.2
3.4
.3
a
-.3
.2
.2
.2
.3
93.7
->
100.0
4.3
1.9
2.4
95.7
6.4
1.4
5.0
->
93.6
21.6
5.4
14.3
-.1
1.0
.8
•
78.4
10.5
4.6
3.6
_
•
2.3
89.5
26.4
1.5
7.7
1.5
.7
2.0
3.5
2.4
2.3
—
4.6
.2
73.6
12.7
12.7
—
87.3
7.7
2.7
3.2
1.8
92.3
35.1
7.8
8.8
1.1
1.4
11.5
4.5
64.9
52.4
42.9
9.2
.3
47.6
27.7
5.5
10.8
—
11.4
72.3
9.7
1.3
5.9
2.5
90.3
14.9
11.4
1.4
.4
.5
.2
.5
.2
.1
.2
85.1
•
100.0
24.0
19.7
1.9
2.4
76.0
23.6
10.5
1.4
2.7
5.0
3.2
.8
76.4
45.1
37.7
5.5
1.0
-.9
54.9
12.9
4.6
2.4
3.6
2.3
87.1
27.0
1.7
1.4
.7
1.5
.3
6.9
3.5
2.5
.1
.2
4.5
2.2
•6
(2/)
.9
73.0
12.7
12.7
87.3
7.7
3.2
2.7
1.8
92.3
35.1
6.3
1.1
1.4
7.8
2.5
4.5
11.5
64.9
57.3
4.1
8.3
—
38.8
1.0
.2
4.9
42.7
27.7
3.7
10.9
11.4
1.7
72.3
9.7
1.3
2.5
5*9
90.3
15.5
2.3
.3
.4
2.2
6.9
.6
•2
.1
.1
.2
.3
.8
1.1
84.5
•
100.0
24.0
1.9
19.7
2.4
76.0
23.6
3.7
1.4
2.7
6.8
.8
5.0
3.2
76.4
47.8
7.9
.1
29.8
2.7
.9
.3.7
2.7
52.2
12.9
4.6
2.4
2.3
3.6
87.1
Includee data for industries other than those shown separately.
Less than .05 of 1 percent.
Transportation (excluding railro ad s), communication, and other public u tilitie s .
Finance, insurance, and re al estate.
S-**.
PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Public
Wholesale
Retail trade
industries!/ Manufacturing utilities*
trade
Occupational Wage Surrey, Biehnond, Va., October 1951
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LIBOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
16,
Tabi© e-6*
p i 3RCENT
Tjrpe of bonus
All establishments ........... ......
Establishments with nonproduction
bonus 2 / • • • • ............ ..... ..
All
industries
___
......m
m
OF OF FICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Public
utilities*
Manufacturing
fiim p tu k lu c tto n & O H 4 4 A e A
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
.........U Q t f t .. .
. . . . ...
AH _ .
industries ^ Manufacturing
Finance**
.
H Q a Q...... --1».0
Public
utilities*
100.0
100.0
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Services
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.9
50.1
11.4
60.2
50.2
62.7
71.2
38.1
31.2
2 5 .4
57.7
47.7
62.1
Christmas or year-end ...........................................
Profit-sharing ••••..••••.....................
Other...... ..................
41 .2
1 0 .8
9 .8
43.9
2 .6
4.6
8.4
1 .8
1.2
33.0
31.3
5.8
33.9
5.8
10.5
62.7
3.1
17.8
20.2
63.4
12.4
30.1
4.6
7.7
25 .2
6.5
15.6
3.3
6.5
4 8 .0
15.2
8.9
36.8
4.5
6.4
51.8
32.5
22.1
Establishments with no nonproduction
bonus • * • • • • .... ........... ......
48.1
49.9
88.6
39.8
49.8
37.3
28.8
61.9
68.8
74.6
42.3
52.3
37.9
Includes data for industries other than those shown separately.
Unduplicated total.
* Transportation (excluding railroads), conmunication, and other public utilities.
** Finance, insurance, and real estate.
7j
Table E~7t
9*t& 44SUi4U>e O H c l P -G 4 *li0 4 t P lo t U
PERCENT OF OFFICE WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
Type of plan
All establishments
••••••• ......
Establishments with insurance or
pension plans g / .................... .. ..... .
Life insurance ••••#••••••••• ......
Health insurance •••••••• ... .. .....
Hospitalization.... .. ..... • •• •• • •.
Retirement pension... .. .... •••••••
Establishments with no insurance or
pension plan.............. .
l/
All
industries
Manufacturing
100.0
100.0
84.2
90.0
73.1
34.9
51.0
85.0
60.3
40.5
44.2
15.8
10.0
42.8
_
Public
utilities*
Wholesale
trade
Finanoe**
100.0 _
Services
Public
utilities*
Wholesale
trade
Retail trade
Sendees
100.0
100.0
100.0
100*0
100.0
100.0
16.8
80.9
83.0
81.3
65.5
98.0
26.7
15.2
12.6
9.7
-
74.3
47.9
29.4
35.9
80.8
52.2
29.4
41.1
62.0
53.8
51.0
51.8
62.3
23.2
30.5
23.0
84.9
52.6
21.3
30.7
23.8
15.5
20.7
“
19.1
17.0
18.7
34.5
2.0
73.3
100.0.
100.0
97.0
75.4
95.7
84.1
51.4
56.9
U.9
81.6
67.5
26.4
32.3
41.2
77.2
43.7
28.1
26.5
83.1
39.8
36.1
64.4
3.0
24.6
4.3
15.9
83.2
100.0 _
Includes data for industries other than those shown separately.
2/ Unduplicated total.
# Transportation (excluding railroads), communication, and other public utilities.
** Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Retail trade
PERCENT OF PLANT WORKERS EMPLOYED IN—
All
- y
industries ] / Manufacturing
100.0.
—
Occupational Wage Survey, Richmond, Ya., October 1951
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
17
Appendix - Scope
With the exception of the union scale of rates, in
formation presented in this bulletin was collected by visits of
field representatives of the Bureau to representative establish
ments in the area surveyed.
In classifying workers by occupa
tion, uniform job descriptions were used; these are available
upon request.
Six broad industry divisions were covered in compiling
earnings data for the following types of occupations i (a) office
clerical, (b) professional and technical, (o) maintenance and
power plant, and (d) custodial, warehousing, and shipping (tables
A-l through A-A). The covered industry groupings ares manufac
turing; transportation (except railroads), communication, and
other public utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services.
Information on work
schedules and supplementary benefits also was obtained in a rep
resentative group of establishments in each of these industry
divisions. As indicated in the following table only establish
ments above a certain size were studied. Smaller establishments
were omitted because they furnished insufficient employment in
the occupations studied to warrant their inclusion.
Among the industries in which characteristic jobs were
studied, minimum size of establishment and extent of the area
covered were determined separately for each industry (see fol
lowing table).
Although size limits frequently varied from
those established for surveying cross-industry office and plant
jobs, data for these jobs were included only for firms meeting
the size requirements of the broad industry divisions.
A greater proportion of large than of small establish
ments was studied in order to maximize the number of workers
surveyed with available resources. Each group of establishments
id Method
of Survey
of a certain size, however, was given its proper weight in the
combination of data b y industry and occupation.
The earnings information excludes premium pay for over
time and night work. Nonproduction bonuses are also excluded,
but cost-of-living bonuses and incentive earnings, including
oosmtisslons for salespersons, are included. Where weekly hours
are reported as for office clerical, they refer to the work sched
ules (rounded to the nearest half-hour) for which the straighttime salaries are paid; average weekly earnings for these occu
pations have been rounded to the nearest $0 cents. The number
of workers presented refers to the estimated total employment in
all establishments within the scope of the study and not to the
number actually surveyed.
Data are shown for only full-time
workers, i.e., those hired to work the establishment1s full-time
schedule for the given occupational classification.
Information on wage practices refers to all office
and plant workers as specified in the individual tables. It is
presented in terms of the proportion of all workers employed in
offices
(or plant departments) that observe the practice in
question, except in the section relating to woemn office workers
of the table summarizing scheduled weekly hours. Because of eli
gibility requirements, the proportion actually receiving the
specific benefits ma y be smaller.
The summary of vacation and
sick leave plans is limited to formal arrangements. It excludes
informal plans whereby time off with pay is granted at the dis
cretion of the employer or other supervisor. Sick leave plans
are further limited to those providing full pay for at least
some amount of time off without any provision for a waiting
period preceding the payment of benefits. These plans also ex
clude health insurance even though it is paid for by employers.
Health insurance is included, however, under tabulation for in
surance and pension plans.
IS
ESTABLISHMENTS AND WORKERS IN MAJOR INDUSTRY DIVISIONS AND IN SELECTED INDUSTRIES IN
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 1/ AND NUMBER STUDIED BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, OCTOBER 1951
Item
Minimum number
of workers in
establishments
studied
2/
Numb<ar’of
establi shments
Estimated
total
Studied
within
scope of
study
Employment
Estimated
total
within
scope of
study
!
In establi.shments
stud: ed
Total
Office
Industry divisions in which occupations were
surveyed on an area basis
All divisions................ ...................
Manufacturing........ .......................
Nonmanufacturing...... ......................
Transportation (excluding railroads),
communication, and other public
utilities. .......................... .
Wholesale trade........... ................
Retail trade.............. ................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..... .
Services 2/ ............................ .
21
21
21
644
174
470
151
42
109
73,000
32,800
40,200
23,0 20
21,010
7,530
1,670
5,860
21
21
21
21
21
51
146
160
54
59
18
24
28
19
20
8,200
7,600
14,200
5,800
4,400
5,950
2,010
7,280
3,190
2,580
1,440
770
1,020
2,410
220
21
37
13
3,516
1,881
1,274
44,030
Industries in which occupations were
surveyed on an industry basis
Insurance carriers..............................
1/ Richmond Metropolitan Area (City of Richmond, Chesterfield and Henrico Counties).
2/ Total establishment employment*
2/ Hotels; personal services; business services; automobile repair shops; radio broadcasting and television; motion pictures; nonprofit
membership organizations; and engineering and architectural services.
19
F&ge
Page
number
Assembler (insurance carriers) ........ .............
Benchman (bakeries) .........................
Biller, m a c h i n e ........ .......... .................
3, 4
Bindery woman (printing) .............................
“
Bookbinder (printing) ...**•••••••••••......... .
.... ............
3,
Bookkeeper, hand
Bookkeeping-machine operator . •.... ••••••.........
3, 4
Bricklayer (building construction) »•»'•••••••...«..«
H
Calculating-machine operator ....................
Carpenter (building construction) ....................
11
Carpenter, maintenance •.••»•••••••.*.......... •••••
C l e ane r............................... *...........*
8
Clerk, accounting.................. •••••.....
3, 4
Clerk, accounting (insurance carriers) ...............
10
Clerk, actuarial (insurance carriers).............
Clerk, file ........................................
*
Clerk, file (insurance carriers) ...................
10
Clerk, general.................. ...................
3# 5
Clerk, general (insurance carriers) .................
10
Clerk, order ........................................
3, 5
Clerk, pa y r o l l .... ..........*.......... .
5
Compositor, hand (printing) ...........
11
number
H
J
4
7
D r a f t s m a n .........
Duplicating-machine operator................
Electrician (building construction) ...........
Electrotyper (printing) ......
Engineer, stationary...............................
Fireman, stationary boiler ...................
Guard ...................
.•••••••••.
Helper (bakeries) ...........
Helper, motortruck d r i v e r ...............
Helper, trades, maintenance..... .......
leer (bakeries) .....
Key-punch operator
Key-punch operator (insurance
carriers) .............
Machine operator (printing) ........................
Machine tender (printing) ........................
Maintenance man, general u t i l i t y ..............
Mechanic, automotive (maintenance)
Mechanic, maintenance........
8
'
^
“
1
1
f*L
*4
?
“
*
10
“
"
7
7
10
Mixer (bakeries)...... .............................
Molder (bakeries) .......................... ..... .
Motortruck d r i v e r ...... •.•••••..••••••••••••.......
Nurse, industrial (registered) ........... ..........
Office b o y ............. •••......••••••••.........
Office girl •••••........... ......................
O i l e r .... .......................................
Operator (local transit) ........................ .
Order f i l l e r .......................................
Oven operator (bakeries)
Packer .............................................
Painter (building construction) ................... .
Painter, maintenance ............•••••••••........
Photoengraver (printing)
Plasterer (building construction) ................. .
Plumber (building construction) .....................
P o r t e r ............... .................. ...........
Premium acceptor (insurance carriers) •••••••.«..»..«
Press assistant (printing)..... ................
Press feeder (printing)..... ....... ...............
Pressman (printing) ................ ................
Receiving clerk •«............... ...................
Secretary...... ....................................
Section head (insurance carriers)
Shipping clerk .................................... .
Shipping-and-reeeiving c l e r k ..............
••••
Stenographer.......... ...........................
Stenographer (insurance carriers)
Stereotyper (printing) ...................••••.......
Stock handler ........
••••••••
Switchboard operator.... .•••,••••••• ••••••••••
Switchboard operator-receptionist
Tabulating-machine operator
Tabulating-machine operator (insurance carriers) ••••
Transoribing-machine operator
Truck driver ............................•••••••.....
Trucker, hand ...............................
Trucker, power ......................................
Typist .............................................
Typist (insurance carriers)
Ifoderwriter (insurance carriers) ......
•••••
W a t c h m a n ....... ................................. .
Wrapper (bakeries) .................................
'
☆
U.
s.
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1952 O — 993097
11
11
11
6
3
5
7
11
S
11
8
11
7
11
11
11
8
10
11
11
11
8
5
10
8
8
5# 6
10
11
9
6
6
3, 6
10
6
9
9
9
6
10
10
9
11
This report may be obtained by addressing:
Brunswick A. Bagdon, Regional Director
Bureau of Labor S tatistics
664
50 Seventh Street, N« E.
Atlanta 5, Ga.
The services of the Bureau of Labor S tatistics1 regional offices
are available for consultation on statistic s relating to wages and indus
tria l relations, employment, prices, labor turn-overproductivity, work
injuries, construction and housing*
R
ood
The Southern region includes the following States:
Alabama
North Carolina
ryi
Arkansas
Florida
South Carolina
Georgia
Tennessee
Texas
Louisiana
lferyland
Virginia
Mississippi
West Virginia
D istrict of Columbia
@FedFRASER