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THE S E C R E T A R Y OF THE T R E A S U R Y W AS HINGTO N Jan u a ry 13 , 1940 Dear Wins I am e n c lo s in g h e re w ith a d r a f t o f a sp eech. to giv e i t . I have made no commitments I would l i k e to have your fr a n k c r i t i c i s m s and s u g g e s tio n s . Mr. W in fie ld W. E i e f l e r , B a t t l e Court Eoad, P r in c e to n , New J e r s e y . E n c lo s u re . THE S E C R E T A R Y OF THE T R E A S U R Y W AS HINGTO N September 27, 1 9 4 0 . Dear P r o f e s s o r R i e f l e r : I t was v e ry good of you to send me a program of th e c o n fe ren c e you a,re p la n n in g to h o ld on Ivovember 1 4 th and 1 5 t h , and to i n v i t e me to "be p r e s e n t and speak t h e r e . I am v ery s o r r y t h a t I cannot a c c e p t th e i n v i t a t i o n as I am going to "be away on a h o lid a y d u rin g t h a t p e r i o d . I a p p r e c i a t e your th ought of me and s h a l l he i n t e r e s t e d i n s e e in g any r e p o r t s of th e c o n fe ren c e t h a t may "be p u t i n t o p r i n t e d form S in c e re ly , P r o f e s s o r W in fie ld R i e f l e r B a t t l e Road C ourt, P r i n c e t o n , Hew J e r s e y . Appendix 2 PROGRAM 70R WORK IN ECONOMICS PRESENTED TO ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION III MARCH, I. 13U0 General O r i e n t a t i o n o f I n s t i t u t e f o r Advanced Study The work program o f the I n s t i t u t e f o r Advanced Study d i f f e r s in s e v e r a l v i t a l r e s p e c t s from t h a t o f o t h e r academic i n s t i t u t i o n s . I t i s n o t o rg a n iz e d to te a c h i n th e sense t h a t i t announces c o u rs e s , h o ld s c l a s s e s , o r c o n fe rs d e g re e s . N e ith e r i s i t equipped as a r e s e a r c h i n s t i t u t i o n w ith the f a c i l i t i e s , such as l a b o r a t o r i e s * n e c e s s a ry to the p r o s e c u tio n o f o rg a n iz e d r e s e a r c h . The I n s t i t u t e c o n s i s t s e s s e n t i a l l y o f a group o f in d i v i d u a l s c h o la r s and th e work program o f th e I n s t i t u t e i s o rg a n iz e d around the problem s engaging the a t t e n t i o n o f those s c h o l a r s . Group in Economics Our group in economics c o n s i s t s o f P r o f e s s o r s R i e f l e r , S te w a rt, and Warren. B efore coming to the I n s t i t u t e a l l th r e e had wide and in tim a te con t a c t w ith the r o le p la y e d by fin a n c e in th e o r g a n iz a ti o n of contemporary economic s o c i e t y . T h is c o n ta c t embraced n o t only the t h e o r e t i c a l f o r m u la tio n o f problem s, b u t a ls o the o r g a n iz a ti o n o f r e s e a r c h toward t h e i r c l a r i f i c a t i o n and the a p p l i c a t i o n b o th of the im p lic a tio n s o f theory and o f the f i n d i n g s o f r e s e a r c h to the t e s t o f u t i l i t y in the f i e l d o f p u b l i c p o l i c y . Ill* P i e l d o f C o n c e n tra tio n in Economics At the I n s t i t u t e the oconom ists propose to c o n c e n tra te t h e i r work to ward th e i n c r e a s e o f u n d e rs ta n d in g o f th e r o l e p la y e d by fin a n c e in the economic o r g a n iz a ti o n o f s o c i e t y , i . e . , th e y propose to devote t h e i r e n e r g ie s mainly to a study o f economic phenomena from t h e i r f i n a n c i a l a s p e c t s . major f i e l d s of i n t e r e s t , c o n s e q u e n tly , a r c th e follow ing: T h e ir 2 A. I n t e r n a t i o n a l Finance 1. 2. 3* B. Problems o f the F o re ig n Exchanges (a ) Exchange c o n tr o ls a s compared w ith f r e e exchanges and f i x e d exchanges (b ) B a r t e r agreem ents, s t a b i l i z a t i o n fu n ds, and c e n t r a l bank r e s e r v e s , b o th g o ld and f o r e ig n exchange (c ) The r o l e o f c e n t r a l i n t e r n a t i o n a l money m arkets (d ) The s o - c a l l e d ’’g o ld ” problem Problems o f tho B alance o f Payments (a ) T a r i f f s , q u o ta s , b a r t e r agreem ents, in v e stm en t flows (b ) Economic re a d ju s tm e n ts consequent on and l i k e l y to r e s u l t from th e war Problems o f I n t e r n a t i o n a l C a p i ta l Movements (a ) Long term, s h o r t term (b ) ’’D i r e c t ” in v e stm en t v:c ( c) E q u ity v s . f ix e d i n t e r e s t (d ) P r i v a t e v s . p u b l i c bo rrow ers (e ) P r i v a t e v s. p u b l i c le n d e r s (f) Hot money (g ) P o l i t i c a l s e c u r i t y f o r in v e stm en t ’’m a r k e t - i n s p i r e d ” movements I n t r a - n a t i o n a l Finance 1. F i n a n c i a l o r g a n iz a ti o n o f s o c i e t y ( a) The money market (b ) The s e c u r i t i e s m arkets — bonds, e q u i t i e s (c ) The mortgage market — commercial, r e s i d e n t i a l , farm (d ) The m arket f o r consumer c r e d i t (e ) C e n tra l banks and T r e a s u r ie s (f) Commercial banking i n s t i t u t i o n s 3 2. 3. 4. C* (g ) In v e stm en t "bankers (h ) Mortgage b an k ers (i) F i n a n c i a l companies (j) In s u ra n c e i n s t i t u t i o n s (k ) T r u s te e s i n s t i t u t i o n s Economic F l u c t u a t i o n s (a ) B u sin e ss c y c le s (b ) Savings — d is s a v in g s and in v e stm en t (c ) C a p i ta l fo rm atio n — g ro s s and n e t (d ) P r i c e phenomena F is c a l P o licy (a ) T a x a tio n (b ) P u b l i c e x p e n d itu r e s The O rg a n iz a tio n o f F in a n c ia l R isk (a ) I n t e r e s t r a t e s — s h o r t term , lo n g term (b ) P ro fits ( c) Losses Economics o f War Finance At th e p r e s e n t tim e, when th e w orld i s a t war, most o f th o se t o p i c s tak e on a f u r t h e r s i g n i f i c a n c e , ''They r a i s e q u e s ti o n s o f the economic o r g a n iz a ti o n o f s o c i e t y a t war and c a r r y i m p lic a tio n s w ith r e g a r d to th e economic s o c i e t y t h a t w i l l emerge from t h a t war, IV. Methods o f Work The r e c i t a l o f t h i s l i s t o f to p i c s is n o t p r e s e n t e d to i n d i c a t e t h e i r r e l a t i v e im portance, b u t m erely to g ive an i n d i c a t i o n o f th e scope of the a c t i v i t y t h a t i s im p lie d i n the p h ra s e " f i n a n c i a l o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s o c i e t y . ” Our group pro p o ses to keep in e f f e c t i v e c o n ta c t w ith t h i s "broad f i e l d a t th re e l e v e l s , namely, ( l ) the l e v e l o f t h e o r e t i c a l fo r m u la tio n o f p roblem s, ( 2) the l e v e l o f o rg a n iz e d re s e a rc h on p roblem s, and ( 3) the l e v e l o f a p p l i c a t i o n of tho r e s u l t s b o th o f t h e o r e t i c a l fo r m u la tio n and o f r e s e a r c h f in d i n g s . This in v o lv e s: 1. 2. 3* T h e o r e t i c a l fo rm u la tio n (a ) I n ti m a te c o n ta c t w ith s c h o la r s everywhere working i n f i n a n c i a l problems th ro u g h re a d in g 0£ m a n u sc rip ts, co rresp on dence, and c o n fe ren c e s b o th a t P r in c e to n and o u ts id e (b ) I n f lu e n c e on thought th rou gh s u g g e s tio n s and c r i t i c i s m o f m a n u s c rip ts , e t c . , as w ell as th ro u g h d i r e c t p u b l i c a ti o n O rg a n iz a tio n of r e s e a r c h (a ) E f f e c t i v e knowledge of r e s e a r c h in f i n a n c i a l problems now going on, wherever i t i s l o c a t e d , in u n i v e r s i t i e s , r e s e a r c h b u re a u s, p u b l i c and p r i v a t e , o r governm ental a g e n c ie s b o th h e re and abroad (b ) S tim u la tio n o f r e s e a r c h , c l a r i f i c a t i o n o f r e s e a r c h methods and o b j e c t i v e s , and c r i t i c i s m o f r e s u l t s , w herever such r e s e a r c h i s b e in g e f f e c t i v e l y conducted ( c) P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n a c t u a l conduct o f r e s e a r c h , p a r t i c u l a r l y in such programs a s th ose o f th e F i n a n c i a l S e c tio n o f the League o f N a tio n s and th e N a tio n a l Bureau o f Economic R esearch A p p lic a t io n o f f in d i n g s (a ) Maintenance of c lo s e c o n s u l t a t i v e arrangem ents w ith p u b l i c p o l i c y ranking b o d ie s in the f i e l d o f f in a n c e , T r e a s u r ie s , c e n t r a l b a n k ing i n s t i t u t i o n s , b o th he re and abroad, League o f N a tio n s E f f e c t i v e n e s s of Approach I t i s the p r e s e n t judgment o f ou r economic group t h a t e f f e c t i v e p ro g r e s s i n the s o c i a l s c ie n c e s i s n o t to bo sought tod ay in a s i n g l e o u ts ta n d in g c o n t r i b u t i o n t h a t w i l l r e v o l u t i o n i z e a l l tho ug ht and l e a d to th e a d o p tio n o f " p ro p e r 11 p o l i c i e s by statesm en and b u s in e s s men. The economic problems w ith which th e y a r e concerned do n o t le n d th em selves to t h i s approach, R ath er they c o n s i s t o f c l u s t e r s o f r e l a t e d problems to be worked on a l l along th e l i n e . Each phase must be i s o l a t e d i n t e l l e c t u a l l y to be a n aly z e d and to be c l a r i f i e d th ro u g h th e a p p l i c a t i o n o f r e s e a r c h te c h n iq u e s where r e s e a rc h i s a p p l i c a b l e . V a lid f in d i n g s must then be a p p lie d b o th to the a n a l y s i o f o t h e r problems and to th e fo rm u la tio n o f p o l i c y , as time and circ u m stan c e p e rm it. The c u r r e n t w orld s i t u a t i o n f u r n i s h e s a c o n c re te example o f the a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f t h i s approach. At th e p r e s e n t tim e w ith th e w orld convulsed by a m ajor war r e p r e s e n t i n g b a s i c a l l y two r a d i c a l l y d i f f e r e n t forms o f economic o r g a n i z a t i o n , th e r e a re few g e n e ra l p o s t u l a t e s on which the econom ist i n th e f i e l d o f f in a n c e can work w ith any a ss u ra n c e o f th e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f h i s re s u l t s i n the f u t u r e . I t i s n e c e s s a r y c o n se q u e n tly f o r th e econom ist to be su re to r e s t a t e c o n s t a n t l y the t h e o r e t i c a l fo rm u la tio n o f h i s problem as circu m stan ces r e q u i r e , to c o n c e n tra te o rg a n iz e d r e s e a r c h upon th o se i n d i v id u a l phenomena which meet the re q u ire m e n ts o f b e in g l i k e l y to en du re, and to apply such i n s i g h t a s he a c q u ir e s a s o p p o r tu n ity p e r m its , VI* F e a s i b i l i t y o f Program The u n d e rta k in g h e re o u t l i n e d i s so b ro a d a s to r a i s e the q u e s tio n o f its fe a sib ility . Our e x p erien c e i n the s h o r t time we have been in e x i s t e n c e , however, g iv e s us c on fid en ce i n our approach. Our economic group i s a l r e a d y o p e r a tin g e f f e c t i v e l y on the l i n e s o u t l i n e d , p a r t i c u l a r l y a t r e s e a r c h organ i z a t i o n s such a s tho N a tio n a l Bureau o f Economic R esearch i n t h i s country 6 as w e ll as a t comparable c e n te r s abroad. They a re a l s o i n e f f e c t i v e c o n ta c t w ith p u b l i c p o l i c y making b o d ie s V II. R esources Needed While th e I n s t i t u t e has funds to m a in ta in th e economic g ro u p , i t s re so u rc es a re n o t a t p r e s e n t s u f f i c i e n t to g iv e i t the s u p p o rt i t w a r r a n ts . We a re a s k in g , t h e r e f o r e , f o r supplem entary a s s i s t a n c e . These funds re q u e s te d a r e n o t f o r o rg a n iz e d r e s e a r c h in fin a n c e as such. The f a c t f i n d i n g in v o lv e d in o rg a n iz e d f i n a n c i a l r e s e a r c h r e q u i r e s l a r g e amounts o f money, l a r g e r than th e I n s t i t u t e w ishes to a d m in is te r . When o u r group work on problem s su ch a s th e s e , th e y e x p e c t to p r e p a r e s e p a r a te r e q u e s t s in c o o p e ra tio n w ith o t h e r i n s t i t u t i o n s , such a s th o s e a lr e a d y g r a n te d by th e Foundation in c o n n ec tio n w ith th e program o f f i n a n c i a l r e s e a r c h and th e p ro gram in f i s c a l p o l i c y b e in g conducted und er the a u s p ic e s o f th e N a tio n a l Bureau o f Economic R esearch . The supplem entary funds r e q u e s te d h e re a r e to p e rm it our group to c a rry o ut t h e i r i n d iv id u a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n in th e se p ro grams as w e ll as th e o t h e r a c t i v i t i e s o u t l i n e d above. A program such as t h i s in v o lv e s a c e r t a i n amount o f t r a v e l and a c o n s id e ra b le expense f o r c o n fe re n c e s h e re in P r \n c e to n . I t in v o lv e s , f o r example, the a v a i l a b i l i t y o f s tip e n d s to p e rm it y o tp g e r econom ists j u s t p a s t th e Ph.D. l e v e l and a ls o more m ature men o f t e s t e d e x p e rie n c e in th e problem , to work on s p e c i a l a s p e c ts of f i n a n c i a l p roblem s, and to e x p l o i t s p e c i a l s t u d i e s , il l u m i n a t e d by, b u t n o t covered by, the more o rg a n iz e d r e s e a r c h i n s t i t u t i o n s # F in a lly , i t in v o lv e s c o n s id e ra b le sums to b r i n g to th e I n s t i t u t e f o r lo n g e r p e r i o d s , o u ts ta n d in g s c h o la r s in economics and fin a n c e b o th from t h i s country and abroad to wd*rk i n t i m a t e l y yri-th o ur group as c o n d itio n s perm it# 6 1 3 0 - 3 2 nd S t r e e t , N.W. W a s h i n g t o n , D,C. M a r c h 29, 1940. Dear Some days ago, George M a r s h a l l , w h o m you m a y have k n o w n from B r o o k i n g s d a ys , c o m m u n i c a t e d w i t h J e a n F l e x n e r and w i t h me, t e l l i n g u s t h a t ^ J u r g e n K u c y n s k i w a s i n a B r i t i s h c o n c e n t r a t i o n c a m p , and a s k i n g u s to p r o t e s t t o t h e B r i t i s h A m b a s s a d o r , the M a r q u e s s of L o t h i a n at t h e B r i t i s h E m b a s s y h e r e . His own letter was a statement o f i n q u i r y , a p r o t e s t i n t h e n a m e o f A m e r i c a n s e n t i m e n t w h i c h a s he p o i n t e d o u t is p r o - A l l y l a r g e l y t h r u a n t i - N a z i s e n t i m e n t , a n d a s t a t e m e n t o f - Jurgen*s r e c o r d . He g o t a v e r y u n s a t i s f a c t o r y a n s w e r f r o m t h e s e c r e t a r y t o t h e B ri t j s h E m b a s s y r e f e r r i n g im to the S w i s s m i n i s t e r i n L o n d o n w h o t o o k c ^ p e o f ’’e n e m y a l i e n ” i n t e r e s t s there. G e o r g e w r o t e a g a i n p o i n t i n g out t h a t J u r g e n ’s a c t i v i t i e s did not put h i m in the e n e m y a l i e n class. J e a n and I decided to i n q u i r e f u r t h e r b e f o r e w r i t i n g so a s to m a k e the p r o t e t m o s t e f f e c tive. W h i l e w a i t i n g f o r s o m e c a b l e s , J e a n g o t h o l d of the e n c l o s e d w h i c h a p p e a r e d i n the L o n d o n ^ew S t a t e s m a n . W e t h i n k it g i v e s a m p l e b a s i s for p r o t e s t i n g to t h e B r i t i s h A m b a s s a d o r . T t h o u g h t y o u m i g h t w a n t to a d d y o u r p r o t e s t o n J u r g e n * s b e h a l f * M y o w n l e t t e r e n c l o s e s c o p y of t h i s c l i p p i n g a s k s t h e B r i t i s h A m b a s s s c b r t~) t r a n s m i t ( w h i c h is h i s d u t y ) t h e p r o t e s t and t h ^ t of o t h e r s t o the p r o p e r h o m e d e p a r t m e n t o f t h e B r i t i s h G o v e r n m e n t , e m p h a s i z i n g J u r g e n ’s r c o r d i n t h e f i e l d of e c o n o m i c s a n d a n t i - N a z i a c t i v i t y a n d p o i n t i n g o u t t h a t it d o e s n ’t h e l p A m e r i c a n c o n f i d e n c e i n t h e p r o - A l l y c a u s e s i n c e A m e r i c a n f e e l i n g is l a r g e l y b a s e d o n a n t i - N a z i s e n t i m e n t . I a m a d d i n g a l i s t of o t h e r B r o o k i n g s p e o p l e I ha ve w r i t t e n to. T f y o u t h i n k o f s o m e y o u w a n t to w r i t e to, w m ’t y o u s e n d t h e m a c o p y o f t h e c l i p p i n g a n d r e q u e s t t o f o r w a r d t h e i r p r o t e c t s , etc. Finally, w o u l d v o u s e n d a c o p y o f v o u r l e t t e r a n d a n y r e p l i e s y o u m a y r e c e i v e to Sincerely Elsie Gluck Kuznets B o b M o n t g o m e r y , U. o f T e x a s , R a l p h a n d M i l d r d F l e t c h e r , P i t t s b u r g h , W i n f i e l d R i e f l e r , P r i n c e t o n ; T h e r e s a W o l f s on, N e w Y o r k ; P a u l H o m a n , C o r n e l l ; C a r l R a u s h e n b u s h ; E d n a and A r t h u r M c M a h o n ; Hildegarde Kneeland, Mordecai E zekiel, Ed Grey, Oscar Kiessling, George G a l l o w a y , G u s t a v Peck, W o o d l i e f Thomas, W a s h i n g t o n , D.@. This file contained a transcript of a copyright-protected article that has been removed. The citation for the original is: Critic, "A London Diary," New Statesman and Nation, March 9, 1940, p299. TO W in fie ld H. R i e f l e r FROM F r a n c i I P*; M i l l e r FOR YOUR INFO ION P # 0 . Box 2316 Washington, D. C. June 5, 1940 The g r a v i t y of e v e n ts moving a t l i g h t n i n g speed can no lo n g e r be ig n o re d . The t h r e a t to our way o f l i f e i m p l i c i t i n th e s e e v e n ts makes i t im p o s sib le f o r us to remain s i l e n t . We b e lie v e t h a t t h e r e a r e r e s p o n s ib le c i t i z e n s i n ev ery p a r t o f th e c o u n try who f e e l a s we do. We s p e n t l a s t Sunday t o g e t h e r and, a s a r e s u l t , have drawn up t h i s c a l l to th e n a t i o n . We hope you w i l l w ish t o j o i n us i n s ig n in g i t . We p la n to r e l e a s e t h i s s ta te m e n t to th e p r e s s on Sunday morning, June 9 t h , i n o rd e r t h a t i t may a p p ea r in th e morning p a p e rs on Monday, June 1 0 t h . I f you wish to j o i n w ith us i n t h i s c a l l to th e n a t i o n , w i l l you w ire me c o l l e c t b e fo re Saturd ay noon, June 8t h , c a r e o f Western Union, N a tio n a l P r e s s B u ild in g , Washington, D, C .? I e n c lo s e a l i s t o f th o s e who a r e b eing asked to s ig n . S in c e r e ly y o u rs , F r a n c is P. M i l l e r , On b e h a l f o f th e u n d e rsig n ed : E n c lo su re RICHARD F. CLEVELAND, B a ltim o re . STACY MAY, New York. HELEN HILL MILLER, W ashington. WINFIELD W. RIEFLER, P r in c e to n . WHITNEY H. SHEPARDSON, New York. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives DECLASSIFIED Authority £ o |o $ 0 | PRIVATE AND CONFIDENTIAL NOT FOE PUBLICATION iDrior to MONDAY, JUNE 10, i ^ O A SUMMONS TO SPEAK OUT The United States has now undertaken to meet the formidable challenge of Nazi Germany. Our program of national defense has "been touched off “by the invasion of the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and it is designed to repel any G-erman attack on our territory or any inva sion of our vital interests, Belgium once acted in the same way to defend herself. Then, four weeks ago, the fact that she had erected forts on her eastern frontier with guns pointing toward Germany was officially cited by the German government as a justification for invading and subjugating her. In the German view, the American defense program-means that the United States has already joined with Great Britain and France in opposing the Nazi drive for world dominion — in the American view, Nazi Germany is the mortal enemy of our ideals, our institutions and our way of life. These hard-won possessions of ours are not for sale. They are not for surrender. If the British navy is destroyed or taken over, if the French army is defeated in final action, we shall have to face our job alone. We shall have to aid South America single-handed, in the presence of triumphant and hungry aggressors operating across both oceans. What we have, what we are and what we hope to be can now be most effectively defended on the line in France held by General Weygand, The frontier of our national interest is now on the Somme, Therefore, all disposable air, naval, military and material resources of the United States should be made available at once to help maintain our common front. Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives d e c l a s s if ie d Authority £ b |o 5 0 - 2 - But such resources cannot be made available fast enough to hold the German army in check on the European continent or to prepare for the eventual attack on American interests so long as the United States remains legally neutral — nation-wide endorsement of the defense program shows that the American people has ceased to be neutral in any other sense. For this reason alone, and irrespective of specific uses of our resources thereafter, the United States should immediately give official recognition to the fact and to the logic of the situation — by declaring that a state of war exists between this country and Germany, Only in this constitutional manner can the energies be massed which are indispensable to the successful prosecution of a program of defense. National unity must rise out of disunity. Individual sacrifice and dedication must stand in the place of individual self-interest. Above all, the representatives of the people must be made aware that they have only a short breathing-spell left within which to prove their capacity to organize a united initiative. For, unless they act diligently and wholly in the national interest, forgetting themselves and their political ambi tions, they 7/ill presently find themselves washed out — and our institu tions with them — by the waters that are rising over the whole world* The undersigned, as individuals, invite those citizens of the United States who share these views to express them publicly through the free democratic institution of the American press. (Signatures to follow) Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives *i * PRELIMINARY LIST OF THOSE INVITED TO SIGN Herbert Agar, Louisville, Ky. Burke Baker, Houston, Texas John Balderston, Beverly Hills, Calif* Russell Barnes, Detroit, Mich. Stringfellow 3arr, Annapolis, Md* Laird Bell, Chicago, 111# John D. Biggers, Toledo, Ohio Barry Bingham, Louisville, Ky. James Boyd, Southern Pines, N. C. J. Douglas Brown, Princeton, N. J. John Stewart Bryan, Richmond, Va. Raymond Leslie Buell, New York, N.Y. Henry Miller Busch, Cleveland, Ohio T. J. Caldwell, Houston, Texas Vincent M. Carroll, St. Louis, Mo. Raymond Clapper, Washington, D* C. W« L. Clayton, Houston, Texas Donald Comer, Birmingham, Ala. Edward S•Corwin, Princeton, N. J. R. Fairfax Crow, Houston, Texas Gen. Benedict Crowell, Cleveland, Ohio James F. Curtis, Nev/ York, N. Y. Virginius Dabney, Richmond, Va. Jonathan Daniels, Raleigh, N* C. Elmer Davis, New York, N. Y, J. Lionberger Davis, St. Louis, Mo. Thomas M. Debevoise, New York, N. Y« Henry S. Dennison, Framingham, Mass. James C. Derieux, Columbia, S. C. Lewis Williams Douglas, New York, N,Y. Douglas Dow, Detroit, Mich. David Dubinsky, New York, N.Y, Major George Fielding Eliot, Brooklyn,N.Y. Brooks Emeny, Cleveland, Ohio Mark Ethridge, Louisville, Ky. Harry Fisher, Bouton, Iowa Walter T. Fisher, Chicago, 111. Ralph E. Flanders, Springfield, Vt. D. F. Fleming, Nashville, Tenn. Blanton Fortson, Athens, Georgia Douglas S. Freeman, Richmond, Va. John Fry, Washington, D. C. Edwin F. Gay, Pasadena, Calif. Edward T. Gushee, St. Louis, Mo. Grover C. Hall, Montgomery, Ala. Alvin H. Hansen, Cambridge, Mass. J. Edward Hardy, Louisville, Ky. Julian L&Rose Harris, Chattanooga, Tenn. George U. Harrison, Cincinnati, Ohio Coleman Harwell, Nashville, Tenn. John R. Hayden, Ann Arbor, Mich. Carlton J. H. Hayes, New York, N. Y. Brooks Hays, Little Rock, Ark. Marion Hedges, Washington, D. C. J. N. Beiskell, Little Rock, Ark. Blakey Helm, Louisville, Ky. William H. Hessler, Cincinnati, Ohio George Watts Hill, Durham, N» C. Howard Hill, Minburn, Iowa Sidney Hillman, New York, N. Y. Col. LeRoy Hodges, Richmond, Va. Eric Hodgins, New York, N.Y. Edwin P. Hubble, San Marino, Calif. B. E. Hutchinson, Detroit, Mich. R. Livingston Ireland, Jr., Cleveland,Ohio Louis I. Jaffe, Norfolk, Va. Edward Keating, Washington, D. C. Dexter M. Keezer, Portland, Ore. Frank Knox, Chicago, 111. Arthur Krock, Washington, D. C. Edward R. Lewis, Winnetka, 111. E. K* Lindley, Washington, D. C. Edna Lonigan, Brooklyn, N.Y. Henry Luce, New York, N.Y. George W. Martin, New York, N. Y. L. Randolph Mason, New York, N» Y. Geoffrey Mayo, Pasadena, Calif. Anne O ’Hare McCormick, New York, N. Y. General Frank R. McCoy, New York, N. Y. Ralph E. McGill, Atlanta, Ga. Edward J. Meeman, Memphis, Tenn. Charles Merz, New York, N. Y* Walter Millis, New York, N. Y* George Fort Milton, Chattanooga, Tenn. Felix Morley, Washington, D. C. Paul Scott Mowrer, Chicago, 111. Quigg Newton, Denver, Colorado G. Bernard Noble, Portland, Ore. Gerard S. Nollen, Des Moines, Iowa J. Van Dyke Norman, Jr., Louisville, Kjr. General John F. 0 *Ryan, New York, N. Y. Clarence Poe, Raleigh, N* C. Frederick H. Reid, Denver, Colo. Josephine Roche, Denver, Colo. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., New York, N. Y. Theodore W. Schulta, Ames, Iowa William B. Smith, Roanoke, Va. Charles M« Spence, St. Louis, Ho. Admiral W. H. Standley, New York, N. Y. Raymond Gram Swing, New York, N. Y. J. Foster Symes, Denver, Colo. Dorothy Thompson, New York, N.Y. Clifton M. Utley, Chioago-, 111. William Waller, Nashville, Tenn. Walter F. Yfenger, Los Angeles, Calif. W. W. Waymack, Des Moines, Iowa Philip Weltner, Atlanta, Ga. Lloyd Wentworth, Portland, Ore. Lloyd White, Cleveland, Ohio William Allen White, Emporia, K&ns. Daniel Willard, Jr., Baltimore, Md. David J* Winton, Minneapolis, Minn. Harold E. Y/ood, St. Paul, Minn. General Robert E. Wood, Chicago, 111. Henry M. Wriston, Providence, R t I. Edward A. Wyatt, Petersburg, Va» Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives /f ? 0 o u r tim lliaifeai State* 'hm nm uadertais*?i to mm% thm ifeii g£ of nation®* Qmmmw dafma* t*« tom tomsftsna ott % tt*» imrnim of *>• i m Ootiatriaa and irctnoa* ***** i t la Asslmwd to rowil any Gara&n atfcaak on ©y** tu rltoiy or m$ Inmalim of our *Lt*i li&«*Mta« BalgiwK man* oofeod iii ti» eaa» t*> isiraalf* flmtk$ ifcroa wooka a a* th* fact t l a t ofe# M #r*jtoa Mortal on Im a&vtern ffo n tlg r m i o ^ lo la lly oitod lay ths Gaman gfrwraeiiialt ** m ju stific a tio n far invading and nubjugatlng lior# la t4* 0««nKi liaitod S te tti fea» n m jolaod with v% m AuUMlJfc 4UK A « u i %&$atoMMljua ' 4 1 JkMMUkAdl a*M jfefc&'AriBfc HMMg 4Ml04Mtt*&ldk «*4 Aift -* IflPlBV fiVXWUl tttXS InPMMW Ml ^gpCM Klag Wm ImSm Aift* B r JiMlgMlflk J TIW W0V ia wSmSJ^mBm lm ft* immimm vim$ v m m m p i* & m brutal anony of our i<laal«f our institution* «ni oup way of ill** its*®* l^ard-woa jKW*oaaic«aa aro not for • ale* fhqy are a»t M r 4KUfrsodhN^# *JUT 9f f&kH*.i^. 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Mmtfei. a s-tofe* ts£ wnf* #atf iHso b s ls w ^ t M s ftfltmfefv atimii 5s**0y» ffoly |,a #;;!* ©<*$s|&Slltel<XQBl s^j#r <HB % > iEB'SSSd I^ L o ll » r “ i ^ | # pl>ll Bili^ t <1 % 0 bS ftUOGflttfl&tl | yflHWKP1^ l # tl C^f ft H&i&otlitl %yt<y SKMTtl J&Mt QUfe Olf liiSfldU y# Intiiv5.<&l6l» «MKTif I t # wbA & *A % M & im a u « t « * « 3 i n %tm p lm m o f AbcwB aUL* ffio r ttts f f ^ € ii1iflk^ii*Wi o f %Iimi m h s 2a m o t tao tmwfl# owmMI t J l t i* y h m o n ly ft oiorfc l » ^ liiiii g * « i« U lof% wiMiim «t.U 3i to Ytrontm "thaft,*• uBoyillfiid dw o tlcn to HiMi* duftsw iw t d lli^ o ^ t ly i''or thflir v fo U y i s tfao M t i i M i lE tim «tit i^sis<SiNNi A ni t il# !# ^wMtdloBX flBMt6o$$Ss ^#yffy wl3>l». is 's s w l^ y £%w& ikm m Vm m m&m& m b - «na our irnwi&lmtikwm w ltik t lM * % 1 ^ wtana tdPo r i s i n g ovsap l ^ o 1^ 02# 1^9 ij®dkWNdN@0W^ ^ M t « i Btntiwi itfio tter># iw^f, 1 ^! # ^ ! ^ liyy*.%# Siflws ^Lt4wi8S od? viosw %o osrprotfi istom pulaiioljf H#on^|i iho fk>v^ dWKiePBlxIs Siurtd%iit$,68i of tK# AMyioiiii pnnti Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives v * i?aui(a#e w tw gflxffl® 11® noyr <sv% \ii0i9O6 w m/m Ifcgnanft Pae&tife ftswtMi (0onn«} 311* m w * i 6f*u t* ftw* 5 * P «* * tawMl la A*f$* ?* Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives < « • [ Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives COPY B e ll, B o yd «fc M a r s h a l l 135 South La Salle Street C H IC A G O U Jtrne 6t 104$ To iieh&rd I* Clerelaiit Stacy lif Francis F* Miller H e l m Hill Mills* Winfield f* Eiefler fhitaey H # Shepardson Dear Friendsi 1 am not joining In your statement* 1 think is unwise* I think it is unwise t r m the point of view of your own objects. 1 hope that when you and the others discussed this matter last Sunday you not only considered whether war ought to he declared, hut also the effect of the publishing of your manifesto* tren if it is desirable* war is not going to be declared next week* lished next weak* lour statement is going to be pub- I hope that you will reconsider and that it will not be polished because its effect in the Eiddle west is going to be one of antagonising people to your main objects* this will he especially true if Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives t June S# 1340 the preponderance of the signers is located on the Atlantic seaboard* If this preponderance turns out to be the fact when you get your replies ln# I 'hope that for this reason alone you will reconsider publishing at tills fcim * The country is now unified upon a program of rapid increase in the production of war materials and for the preparation ^s^jmr* that unity* four manifesto will tend to split While I believe * and. have so stated since last September - that the United States is in substance in the war and should prepare accordingly and should support France and Mgland to the utmost of its ability, large num bers of our fellow citizens still view with abhorrence this method of describing the situation* This is the method of your manifesto m & it will tend in my opinion to create op position to the U*S«A# dofoq those very thingn which are essential* To repeat* you are not going to get your immediate declaration of war however valuable it might be In the way of encouraging the Allies and discouraging Italy* There- A fr Z i,:: fore* believing -H^will do sore harm than good* 1 urge you not to publish at least for the present* WTF PLS B e l l , B o yd & M a r s h a ll COPY Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings o f the National Archives Juno 17* l&O riBlm mil Miller national Policy Corbitt©© N ational B tiild lz>& Washington, C* Barar Hclons I find that Alosnn&ar S a c M is deeply tart that ho was not zmt®& to sign <wr Samoan* ^ou I think it vo-uld *b© well If ass?® to invlt® hia to tba m n f & r m m on the ?3th* Sincorolj, Winfield W. Btpfler Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives * i ! t NA TIO N A L POLICY CO M M ITTEE N A T IO N A L PRESS B U ILD IN G W A S H I N G T O N , D. C. J\me 14, 1940 TO Members of the Special Comaittee on Implications of * Gorman Victory TW U Helen Hill Miller >sihm we decided on the week-end of Juno 28-50 for the meeting of the full eoao&ttee, wo did not realire that there would be a conflict of schedule with a meeting In New York on Friday* June 28th, which a number of our m mb&rs wish to attend* In order to avoid this conflict, we will begin our Princeton sieeting at 10*00 a.®*, daylight earing time, on the morning of Saturday, June 29th, and plan to have sessions on Sunday after noon as well as Sunday morning, June 30th* The Cojsraittee will meet at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton* Members are requested to make their own hotel reservations, and, since the Princeton Inn is usually crowded at this time of year, it is probably desirable to write promptly* .Vithin the next few days I shall have xoade a digest of Saturday’s remarks which may serve as a preamble to the agenda* I would be grateful for suggestions concerning all available m m s on one phase or another of the questions we discussed, which we m y send to members of the full comlttee in advance of their sieeting* Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings o f the National Archives FRA N K JVIILjlES, Editor PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY I O W , R. J. LA IRD , Business Manager I R E Argonne-Armory Building East First Street, North of Grand Avenue D E S M O IN E S June 10, 1940 Mr. Winfield W.Riefler, Economist Princeton, Hew Jersey Dear Sir: The Associated Press report that you are one of a group of thirty persons who in a meeting at Washington, D.C., Sunday, urged the United States to enter the European war immediately moves me to ask: What fighting did you do in the last war? J^e you now of an age and of physical and mental fitness which would enable you to do military service? If you could not be in our armed forces, how many of your own sons would be? If we go to war now, what would you have our men fight with? Kindly reply by return mail. Yours very truly, MILES Editor Iowa Lesion&lre W E A R Y O U R L E G I O N B U T T O N a a » e ^ i s m g gg s g m w a i s ^ i ^ a s i Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings o f the National Archives Jw m IT* i9**0 Hr* rrnnl: ?:ilotsf Milar tu rn hogion&ire Ar^nna-^Axnory Boiialng Bast First Street., forth of CtrngA At o p ®' ttw* llatnas* f0 m Item?. Hr* '• fhas*k ' $ m for letter of 3 m m 10th* I f m l it it propor tk&t individuals «tio' feel that It is w r y important for the United States to ontor tho tar tesodl&tolj should bdIs* amllabl© tho bac3:;:&rmm& t r m which they apen&» I do not, hotmmr, fool that the inplications of ^oitr cpotstionc are In all oaoos propor* soon to Indicate that oal^ those mloo <aho one of m r\ge to onto? the aro^ arid aye villin^ to'do so shanM oiwrwc .an vAth ro«peefc to tho n&tifo&a this counts? should talaa in this h m r of porll* Personally 1 do not boHev© it is r%ht- to &ttenpt to m r r p m B G public pinion in this mttarf & o $ c m m urgently noo&s Infom a t ion with respect to tho attitnda of the ■people of this coimtry lrroepao&lfa of vhothor they o*» personally males or of a fighting ~£$* I ms. twaaty -yonre old* a eophoom 'at Ashorct Collar, ■when tbs TJnitod States ontorod tho last War* Stops.vftro tonedlatoly t-slsen’ te fora an adbnlmtoe eoetlom at the college to bo sont i w as rapidly aa possible. I Toltsnteorad* ms esalioto&^in tbo Ifationftl Arny on Jtaly IS* 1317. odllod for fro&ee on tes&mt 6th esnd laadod In St.' Snsaire around Ancttst,I6tb* 5n the fir s t ctoiwo^ of the A «siem troopa to arriim.dl** roetly in francs©* After preliminary t minis**# m mm sent to tho front on Oetatjer 1* 1 5 1 ? ool-wai* there oonitoioa©l7 tmtil the Arnistlee* fres October 1, 1§1"' to Jtm© 6, 151$ w> operated In the Chaanagae sector t&toh we relatively c£il|trmeh of tho tim* After:that ous* division* th# 5th Trench ^Division, .ms Incorporated is th® 10th Frond* A&ngr and took part in tho Harne-Aion-e, Oico-Alsno and Ypreo~&y8 najor offo&eivem# After fcao Amlstio© w» ontorod dermj^f in tho *%sjf of Occirmtion oaflL tmr© stationed at Bad«*Du2^35n mill. tb» ond of Feb'., 1515# tfc t ! m s^tenaa to tliis m m t z f * arriving on .A^ll ;jrd end. m t o <tool>ill2od oa Abr$l 10f 1919* vhidh ^ s,t%rd@d the> m il mm mm « f tM .gw &j&nc<ki' 'iinltfc Iw parsonall.^ awarded tho Croix Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives Jwtm l j t " 19^-0 Hr* Spook Hilee I do not know #iet!i.er I veald be nt^oieally m & soatalX7 acceptable to tbo United Sfcatee or not# If the United States shmild ©liter the- pro** seat w » I ivw, two sons* aged 1 ? and lH> #io voald not aetr bo amlt** able, bat #io will 'mertalz&y bo called apoa ufeen Oemaagr trias la l&trope* llhea we do f % h t t as flrH \?e assuredly shall, our bo*P8 m & % be giwn .the boat and ^eat adequate eqpiptaeat possible* Tbits ceoaijy m e t be aoblllsed to produce omanentft in Inconceivably ^roator tfuaatlties 'fcban asm a w pl&aaed* Stufc* infiaatrial oobilisatloa tdll aevor tafee place oo lone as m are technically at peace* ■Ifobod*r can doubt that# had the TMtod stntee formll* decided wer last aattsaa* instead of biding: lo^all^ behind t’-o neutrality Act, the present stnplies of airpXaaes, taahe* gua© and naaitloas available for ©nr araed forces ^onld bo inconceivably greater than they actually are# If m declare war aov,'the supplies of alrpXeaos, tafiho« c«ae# malt ions and trained troope amiXable aart Spring will be iafialtely greater than if m proceed &Xoj\~ the preseat halting pregran* ia fact, at vcr with Sforoa»y# bat ^thout tddtog latest aal neaeuree eoaeieteaf^&tb tbat situation* fbe m e t important thing for the ^ericas* people to reallg© la that they.care. 2a fae^ at m ? aad to act consistently with that fact* Very sincerely Hafield' W* Siefler Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives * } June XT, 1$%0 Hr. fraak Miles, Hdlter Iova Argonne-Armory Building Bast first Street, forth of Grand Avenue Bee Moines, Iowa Bear Mr* lilies* Shank you for tout letter- of June 10th* 1 feel it is proper that in dividuals who feel that it is very important for the United State® to eater the war iaraedi&tely should make available the background from which they speak* I do not* however* feel that the iiaplieat ions of your questions are in all cases proper* They eeem to indicate that only those males who are of mit age' to enter the army and are willing to do so should express an, opinionwlth respeit to the attitude tfcie country should take in this hour of peril* Personally I do not believe it ie right to attempt to sup* pres® public opinion la this iaatterj Congress urgently needs information with rospect to the attitude of the people of .this country irrespective of 'whether they are personally males or of a fluting- age* I m e twenty years eld* a sophomore at Ajsherst College, when the United State© entered the last War. Steps were imediately taken to form m ambulance section at the college to he sent over as rapidly as possible* X volunteered, m e enlisted la the National Arsiy on July is, 1 9 1 7 , sailed for France on August 6th and landed in St. Hazaire around August 16th, in the first convey of the American troops to arrive directly In Franee.* Af ter preliminary training, we were sent to the front on October lf 1917 and were there continuously taiitll the Armistice# from October 1, I9 I7 to June 6, 19 18 m operated in the Ch&atpagne sector which was relatively quiet smch of the time, After that our division* the 5 th frentih division* m e incurperated in the 10th french Arssy and took part In the Marne-Aisne, Oise# Aisns : and Ypres-Lys major offensives* After the Armistice we entered (Sermoajy in the Anay of Occupation and were- stationed at Bad-lhirfcen until the enjd of February** 1 ^1 9 • ^e were then returned to this country, ar riving on April 3 rd and were demobilised on April 10f 19 1 9 . Our unit m s one of the few American units which was awarded the fourraguere. I was per socially awarded the Croix de Guerre, do not know whether I would be physically and mentally- acceptable to th«j United States or not, if the United States should enter the present war. I have two sons, aged 12 and lHt %ho would not now be available, but who %r1XI certainly be celled txpoa when Germany wins in Surope. When we do fl^iti as fight we assuredly shall * our boys m e t be given the best and «eet adequs te equipment possible, fhls country unst be mobilised to produce amounts In inconceivably greater quantities than are now planned* Such industrial mobilisation will never take place so long as we are technically at pe* ce. fobedy can doubt that# had the United States fonaally declared Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives Hr. Trank Mila* -2- JHrne lj* l$ k O var last attttfflsa* instead of hiding legally behind the Seotmllty Act, the present sranrr>Iies of airplanes, taake, gim» and mmitions available for crur armed forces w u l d ■fee;.li&onceimbly greater than they actmllyare. If ve declare war now, the rallies of airplanes, tanks, gtrne, smalt leas and trained troops available next Spring will he lufiaitely greater than- If we proceed along the present halting program* la fact at war with Germany, 'bat without taking Internal ijaasares consistent wi'tE lhat situation* The most important thing for the ^saerlcaa people to realise is that they are la fact at war and to act consistently with that/fact.* Very sia©er®ly yours* VlnflftlA W. Riefler Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives R. J. LA IRD , Business Manager PUBLISHED SEMI-MONTHLY FRA N K SMIL ES, Ediu\ IOW IDE Argonne-Armory Building East First Street, North of Grand Avenue D ES M O IN E S June 20, 1940 Mr. Winfield W.Rlefler School of Economics and P0litics Princeton, New Jersey Dear Comrade: Thank you for your kindly and intelligent letter, and congratulations on your splendid war recordI While we disagree as to whether or not America should declare war at the present, I am glad to have your viewpoint. Basically we are together. With all good wishes, I am V/ Faithfi FRANK MILES, Editor Iowa Regional re FM/H W E A R Y O U R L E G I O N B U T T O N Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives NOT FOR PUBLICATION P. 0. Box 2316 Washington, D. C* June 20, I9U0 MMORANDUM TO THOSE INVITED TO SIGN "A SUMMONS TO S?mK OUT” From the 127 persons invited to sign the "Summons’1 released to the press on June 10th, S3 replies were received. Thirty expressed their desire to sign and one indicated that he would have signed had he received the letter in time. Among the remaining 52 replies, there were only six vigorous dissents from the proposed statement. While not wishing to subscribe to the paragraph favoring a declaration of war, 46 indicated their approval of other paragraphs in the Summons and suggested alternative means of effecting the same end that the signers desired. To further the interchange of thought on this subject, permission has been obtained to circulate privately, to the list of persons originally asked to sign, the following replies: Burke Baker, Houston, Texas: Glad to sign "A Summons to Speak Out." This has been my view since September first. Although most people are afraid of the words •'declaration of war11 they now want to give allies all possible aid, and such aid cannot be given quickly enough nor our own defense pro gram carried forward rapidly enough without the national unity which a declaration of war would bring. Barry Bingham and Mark Ethridge, Louisville, Kentucky: We are not willing to urge declaration of war. We subscribe heartily to Courier-Journal editorial of June 6 which you may find on file in our Washington officc, But, if purpose of declaration of war is to abrogate neutrality, it can be done more easily. Moreover, Attorney General's ruling opens way for material help which undoubted ly will folio?;. If purpose is to establish emergency economy in this country, we feel your manifesto would injure rather than help the Allies. The President could not for minute afford to urge bestowal of emergency powers. Public opinion is not ready for it and movement toward that end would only create resistance to help that can other wise be given. Asking A. P. to get statement. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives - 2 - T. J. Caldwell. Houston, Texas; Replying to your letter of June 5» I regret that I cannot join the list of those who will sign UA Summons to Speak Out." Although I am, and have been all along, entirely in favor of our doing everything that we can, short of sending troops to Europe, to assist the Allies, I have not reached the point of being convinced that our declaring war would be especially helpful and certainly I would not feel free to urge such action upon those in authority. If war were declared by those who know the situation much better than I, it would meet with my entire approval* I have had the feeling that the threat of our going into war probably would have something to do with keeping Italy out, which I think is a substantial contribution to the Allies, I feel very highly complimented that you included me in your list, and I would be interested in knowing what the general reaction to your suggestion is, Vincent Carroll, St. Louis, Missouri: I read your note of June 5 &nd its enclosures as earnestly as I ever have read anything in my life, I am exactly 100 per cent in agreement with your objectives and with your conclusions in every respect except as to the technique by which you hope to focus public sentiment. There can not be any doubt that, in this section of the country at least, sentiment is 95 to 5 in favor of giving France and England all the help anybody knows how to give them, I don't believe, however, the state of mind here has crystallized to the point where it is ready for a declaration of war. To the uninitiated, that means the immediate sending of whatever expeditionary force we are able to muster. And the determination of our rank and file is not that strong yet. If there is some middle ground beyond neutrality, short of declaration of war, which would serve your purpose equally well, I think this maneuver would be infinitely more effective. In a week or ten days, perhaps, the thermometer may have risen to the place where the declaration you propose would have the desired results, I am fearful that such a battle cry is just a trifle too far ahead of the trend. I want to be helpful to whatever degree my name will be helpful, but if its use would influence any one, I believe I'd like to save it until the time when it might be effective, I feel that time is not quite yet as to a declaration. So, it is with sorrowful regret that I can not go along with you at the moment. Please bear in mind, however, if the situation develops, that I'd like to do what I can. What's everybody’s business is nobody's business and subject only to the test that it must appeal to me as an effective maneuver, I am ready to do whatever I can, in my small way, to help to arouse this country to its peril. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives > - W. 3 - L. Clayton. Houston, Texas; Referring your letter and my air mail reply, may I suggest follow ing as the outside limit to which in my opinion American people willing to go at present: First, Congress should repeal neutrality act "because it no longer correctly interprets national sentiment and national interest of Ameri can people. Second, Congress should repeal Johnson Act and authorize President in his discretion to extend credits to Allies up to one "billion dollars for purchase agricultural, mineral and industrial products of the United States including munitions of war* Third, President should extend every possible aid to the Allies including permission to them to recruit volunteers in the United States. Fourth, Congress should appropriate one hundred million dollars to the American Red Cross for relief of refugees in England and France, If you and your group will amend your statements to correspond to above, will he glad to join you and want to pay my part of expense, Jonathan Daniels, Raleigh, North Carolina: I must vigorously decline to sign your "summons.n I have the great est respect for you and your opinions "but I cannot help "but feel that you are engaged now in an effort to mobilize American intellectuals in the hysteria which is already so widespread. Even if this great decision which you would have us make were "based only on aid to the Allies, I doubt whether it would serve their cause significantly today. We certainly could not get into the "battle raging on the Somme. We could not put troops into Europe for months. We could not appreciably increase the material assistance we are already giving. There is no lack of funds for Allied purchases now. However, I think our great job, if the world is threatened with totalitarian triumph, is the protection and defense of this hemisphere and perhaps of parts of the East. If we should go precipitately into a war which might be lost in Europe almost as we entered it, whatever power and prestige we might have in the limiting of a victorious German peace would be lost. If we are going to war in the future, we have already begun to move with dispatch in preparation for it. My own fear today is that we m a y embrace fascism at home in the guise of defense against fascism abroad. I agree we must prepare and promptly. I share your hope for an Allied victory. But I think an expression, from the group to which you have written, of a demand for immediate war would be a dangerous emotional pressure from the very people who ought to keep their heads. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives I hope you will forgive me if I seem too vigorous in my dissent. But since I think you are doing a dangerous - even from the standpoint of the strategy of democracy, if you will - an ill-advised thing, I would not he your friend nor entitled to the honor you paid me in ask ing me to join you if I did not speak out straight and with all the vigor I am able to command. Douglas Dow, Detroit. Michigan; I agree with letter up to the point of declaring war. Will approve statement recommending non-belligerent status and scrapping of artifi cial legislation but believe strongly that present problem is production and that this can best be achieved under Khudsen's committee operating under peace time law. A transition to a war economy at this time might delay needed production by as much as six months. Walter T. Fisher. Chicago. Illinois; I am not joining in your statement. I think to publish this state ment at this time is unwise. I think it is unwise from the point of view of your own objects. I hope that when you and the others discussed this matter last Sunday you not only considered whether war ought to be declared, but also the effect of the publishing of your manifesto. Even if it is desirable, war is not going to be declared next week. Your statement is going to be published next week. I hope that you will reconsider and that it will not be published because its effect in the Middle West is going to be one of antagonizing people to your main objects. This will be especially true if the preponderance of the signers is located on the Atlantic seaboard. If this preponderance turns out to be the fact when you get your replies in, I hope that for this reason alone you will reconsider publishing at this time. The country is now unified upon a program of rapid increase in the production of war materials and for the preparation for war. Your mani festo will tend to split that unity. While I believe - and have so stated since last September - that the United States is in substance in the war and should prepare accordingly and should support France and England to the utmost of its ability, large numbers of our fellow citi zens -still view with abhorrence this method of describing the situation. This is the method of your manifesto and it will tend in my opinion to create opposition to the U.S.A. doing those things which are essential. To repeat, you are not going to get your immediate declaration of war however valuable it might be in the way of encouraging the Allies and discouraging Italy. Therefore, believing your manifesto will do more harm than good, I urge you not to publish at least for the present. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives - 5 - Ralph E. Flanders, Springfield, Vermont: Tour draft of a call to the nation has been received. I whole heartedly approve your purpose "but am doubtful as to the means proposed. A declaration of war would start the nation onto a slow, massive pre paration including the draft training camp, etc., and an entry into the war when it would be months or years too late. What is urgently de manded is immediate legislation by this Congress before adjournment authorizing the production of airplanes, tanks and shells to the full limit of the enormous productive capacity of this nation, said sup plies to be turned over to the allies neither for cash nor credit but as a free gift to a common cause. In addition, new taxes should be imposed heavy enough to pay for these supplies as they are made so far as it is possible to do so without decreasing their production under a free economy, I am sure you will find the nation more ready to back you up in this than on a declaration of war and we will thereby stand a better chance of saving western civilization. E. Howard Hill, Minburn, Iowa; I want you to know that I gave your statement, (,A Summons to Speak Out," my most careful consideration. Frankly, my strongest impulse was to sign. I did not sign because I think we should have been in about six months ago. Now I’m afraid the thing will be over before we could render any very effective aid and having declared war we would either have to finish the thing or be fin ished. Perhaps there will be a breathing spell of a year or two in which we can get ourselves prepared. Another reason I did not sign is that I do not feel well enough informed to make a decision of this im portance. You may be interested in knowing that I made my decision against the advice of practically every one I talked to about the matter. The day your letter came several of us Dallas County farmers went on a soil conservation tour in Madison County to the south. Every farmer in our group thought the U.S. should get in and help. I asked the question very bluntly, nShould the U. S, declare war?” and was fairly bowled over by the unanimity of affirmative answers. I put my question to hired men pitching hay in the field, to county agents, and to small town busi ness men and they didn’t seem to be a bit shocked by the question. So the middle-west has its mind made up whether it has thought the thing through or not I don’t know. May I say that I greatly admire you and your group for having the courage to make your convictions known and for trying to do something about them. Time may prove that you were absolutely right in wanting our government to take this step now. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives - 6 - Louis I. Jaffe. Norfolk. Virginia: I have read your letter of June 5 with great travail of spirit. I agree with the manifesto’s appraisal of the meaning to us of the European struggle, hut I cannot gain the consent of my reasoning or my conscience to join in a recommendation that our government should, at this time, declare a state of war to exist between the United States and Germany. Something more is needed to establish a casus belli that would be recognized as imperious by the American people. Maybe that will develop later. I do not close my mind to that eventuality. But I think that to urge a declaration of war against Germany now is to court a negative answer that would be in the last degree unfortunate* The country is not ready for it. It is. ready for “everything possible exccpt actual war11 and in the exploration of that vory evident public consent, I think, lies the greatest opportunity to bring tho allies material help, I think public opinion is now ready to countenance supplying the Allies with planes, guns and even destroyers from our own military stores, and even to repeal the Johnson Act and tho Neutrality Act, if necessary, to accomplish this aid. That, I think, is the most promising field for pressure by your group — which is also mv group in every material respect save that which calls for an immediate declaration of war by the United States against Germany* The rebuff that such a demand would encounter, in the present state of American opinion as I have been able to gauge it, would, I fear, endanger the objectives that are coming within reach* Gerard S. Nollen. Des Moines. Iowa: While believe we should follow vigorous program of preparation and give allies every possible assistance in form of war and other materials, feel would be grave error make formal declaration of state of war. I am supporting position taken by William Allen White1s com mittee and urge you do likewise* Clarence Poe. Raleigh. North Carolina: I am appalled at your committee's willingness to include no denun ciation of war as a system but merely to answer with preparation of more war* In a world as now organized, I approve war preparation as necessary and inevitable but America should let all other nations know that our supreme hope is not merely to answer terror with terror, blood with blood, and death with death, but to work resolutely and unceasingly for a new world order in keeping with the professed ideals of America and Christianity* I an heart-sickened by a triumphant cynicism every where demanding that America must both acknowledge and accept nthe law of the jungle" as the supreme and inescapable destiny of mankind. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives - 7Charles M. Spence, St. Louis, Missouri: It has “been with genuine and troubled regret that I have found myself unable to respond as you request to your circular letter of June 5« My reasons for not doing so are so confused that I have some difficulty expressing them even to myself, and yet you may be interested in some indication of what they are. Heaven knows I would regard the defeat of the Allies as an •un speakable tragedy. By that token I am in favor of giving them every possible aid short of war that we can* I am not convinced, however, that in the immediate future we could be of appreciably greater assistance to them by declaring war on Germany than otherwise. The humiliating and deplorable, but plain, fact is that we are not in a position to defend ourselves, much less give France and Great Britain military assistance. That being true, it seems to me that our formal entry into the war would bo of only doubtful psychological value to the Allies and would embark us on an extremely perilous course should they be defeated before we could give them effective aid — as they well might be. It seems to me that in all these circumstances the best we can do is to give the Allies as much aid as we can with credits and ma terials of war, and prepare as speedily and efficiently as possible, not only to defend our interests should the necessity arise but to give the Allies effective aid should.that become possible before the close of the war. For these reasons I am not presently willing to go as far as you and your associates. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives Th e S p r i n g f i e l d U n i o n S pringfield Sp Union P u b l is h in g ringfield ,m a Co m ss pany . 19 June 1940 X ^ ''Published «, MORNI NG Dear win: AND »EV E N I N G How funny we should both have startedjto hunt each other up within a couple of months. Memories of the war, I suppose, are responsible. But I remembered you as a man of better arguments than the one you offered in a letter. After all, your claim was made in England, which makes it suspect; and Britain herself d i d n ’t think the Czech army was worth fighting for; and finally, the argument that the United States is to Britain as Britain was to Czechoslovakia doesn’t seem to me sound. But let*s talk about it instead of writing about it. I ’d be delimited to see you. Orleans, however, is a long way off for people without a car. My wife...not the one you m e t .. .suggests you or your family or both you and your family, if you drive back and forth from New Jersey to the Cape might find this a good half-way spot for a meal...our apartment very unhappily i s n ’t large enough to put anyone but us to bed in It. But w e ’d be very glad to feed you no matter how many you have becomeiln these fifteen or twenty years. Only, let us know ahead of time, at 208 i'earl Street, because my hours are particularly irregular and we are not infrequently out of town over the week end. Try hard to stop In. http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ T H E M O S T W I D E L Y R E A D N E W S P A P E R IN W E S T E R N Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis NEW ENGLAND These articles are protected by copyright and have been removed. The citations for the originals are: "A Fighter Then and Now." [The New York Herald Tribune, June 13, 1940.] Millis, Walter. "A Statement of Conviction." [The New York Herald Tribune, June 13, 1940.] Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives October 30 , 15*10 Tfonorable 3*raa& A* • Tfnited Staten ?o»tm«ter SoaeraL Uashia^ton, 2 . C» Bear I h**enft m n t you the'letter. I ^otiltiedjwra beea&ee, m the earoaiisfi has dovoloned, w& renseae f^r srsoportiiig the reeleetim of President !ooeo*eit oeemed to beoeae ineroaeiagl*? th© reasons* % "sarong* I aep* reasons feMoh oee&» tm&hmt or other, to "be viQogcpLat in the closing ?haeed o f 4 aoa^ed&w • v„ Althiyo^i both niartias talk .aboufe $the* erleifi* * d m bt nfsether any g^roeia&l* noriion of the &aerie*m po^le rezsotoly apprehend the depth of.the oriole thoy &ro in« and 'wre been, in for mnths now* are go£n& blitholf ‘throti@h all th© aotSono of *a political oan$aS£B o» though the axorciee of demomtie functions renrooented an t>riYiIege for beln^i? fortvm&te a&otv*h to rettide la tfci* oowitry, rattier than & rl£$*t' of citizenship achieved thro*ach groat effort and at the eost of gwat sacrifice* fhers- Its s^toh tali in radio oad nrote of "dasocr&e^* our deraocrae^ here in th® United States* bein£ la Jeopardy fc&t 2 dafy aa$t»H§ lietanis& 4o ttieee not# aXstoet haelaie^ed nhr&see to distill fro* tlie© a . realisation of hmr deep that Jeomrd^ ie* he» teniKms the thread of n a tional strength and semiritjf **** ihieh the >**o<*ent exereiee of our ancient rt$ite defends* 2h© emeciatloa of Biaagaepcga* too*: ^laee, Xeea thm ilx months ago* It vae a brilliant military aom«n*r e^aeated with braw f m& faring* 1Its 4aM**$ and the con*»mi©fH*§» en*n.\in& f*0E5 its saeeess* hower* omsiot be aeeribed eoXelr to brilliimee* bra*ei*r# or coring* ^her *•*« ^Iso due in large $art to lu o l There ■it a largo oloinont of ctaao# la the faet that the British e,r© © till at -war and ant **t< lil*> the ^roneh, f•eoordimted,, into ^the new Wwtmm 'ny$Um$* fhera is alee, eoaeocmeatly, a large elorioat of e^wmd la the ffeet t e t ve are haidM t2»t to cm» tii:)e to debate the nature and extent of dur aid to % itaia# tiaa even io hold an ele0ti<m. So oae «ou!d isa^lne tv-m the oiwont tone of politicol dieeaealon in this eoantr^ that the Mericjan people «era remotely anaf@ of the ti^e %i^iiftcmm of that Ma^orioal acodtait at INxal^r^se» If th^r Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives Honor&hl® fmak A* W&XSssr Ootoher t#iO *#or®* vo vooXd .not now he dloefeaoSag daaeetf© loeoet at *&X9^and our losd©m wild not bow %a easting around for'a foreign r^lle^ forstsla eonr>e«ed of raieti&le and m t m l l y essCLttet?e Ingrediento ae *all add to Britain* and *no participation in tsar** ( I feel that M tlm to within a hair*1 "breadth of a chirring hie wi*ov Bas^oan distent*1 that the military and eoonoale potential, of that ejeton aaoeo&e o w » and rlmts cure in twer w n after «• a£& to oar m m etrentfifc the fall rosoarcoo of the 1-rittth H^ire* of L&tS& Aiaefioa and of potential alliec in-tho- Hast* that it la m a®creeslv© eyeteei ®hioh «®st hy its m t f aaftu» co m In' conflict *£th our' o«u I feel that nattier ar not «e eator the n r is m t a natter of our choice, that Mother or not m fi^ht is not for ua to decide sngr taore the® 11 m e a, natter f W the M orm gtm people to doeido* tfhat we can decide ©till, thaal.e to the *accident of l^sr&ar<s«o-t” ■In hov .rabidly vo eh&ll tty to ■am* ^ti@n 'w «£%&£ aol3i&%&®<!^e that m onst fight# If Hitlor ill thfrpzmmt -in the rx^terranooa oofr* coeds as brilliantly a« in tho Battle of. ?rance, even that, ctsoldei is die* tlactic iiaited* I fool that m #1011Id haw eatesod the «©r Ion** a®*f that tho longer ye defer tho lee# are ear ehaneeo. of tssrvival* Hetther l*reeldeat Eeeeovelt nor fir* wUlkio mm> %o eaheerlfce to thi». vletir* 80th.tafa& tho position that wo aro eofficiently 'reaote frois the Oriels to i>® able, to exerelfte choice an to t&tet&or or not ue participate* President Hooeevelt atatto to mo, houmfft to ho wjh nore &«a#» of tho ^rahlm than Hr* Wlllld©* fhie is not agr only or la&ia reason -ifor aoppert* ing f t r . Soeeovo&ti hoyofer* * m *et%? far fcia bscaaoo I do not think m h&m tim to chn&go administrations* t fear that Hr* Hitler is definitely teHs^ tho Asj0*ti*ai pro^iteitiol'oannal^ft into his. tlxso- ped;Onlation9 and. ''' that ho i® pl^n^ino to present to tho t^rld anothek* hroat.Vta]:inc: victory Isanediattl^ aftw- th0 ^-iori0£m olootlono* 1 think ho it’ doing this in.-the hopa timt /tho tfnltod %atot « i m at timt aoiaoiit, he mSMtoimlyr Isriohilisod ito iatomal ■m tpfi& k* ■% a oltiaon X'vish to % ^ ttteost to millify !>lm* I hate m t @ 4 to talk to you r>ar€!onall^. during thouo laet noolas* hut have m % "boon ahlo to got to Washington#-’r^r hoof to pmm[, M #f«rf \ tianold Hrftar Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives BmpteeStmr 3, ig l'0 Bear Sin / t m t Ifctiff* of Atigast 27t& with record to Ha&sjaa , Boritt has teen reoairod *h£l* Mr* Eieflotf is •f i w a 1 am forwarding this to him Iroodlatftlj a»d ham that tm will ®o«t to you for tha btmM M pi, ) n w tafcim In this regadriU T’oaosgbl# V tttta i 6* B a ltttt to f tm w Bfpartim t of State ki&mmmjht lashlngton, $* 0* Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives A D D R E S S O F F IC IA L . C O M M U N IC A T IO N S T O T H E S E C R E T A R Y O F ST A T E W A S H IN G T O N , D . C . DEPARTMENT OF STATE W ASHIN GT ON August 27, 1940 Dear Mr. Riefler: I have for acknowledgment your letter of August 25 concerning Madame Boris and Georges Boris' son by his first wife. You might wish to write to Boris, as X did myself over two weeks ago, that his wife is safe and well. I am sorry I have no news about his son. I have also written to the American Embassy at Vichy regarding Madame Boris, and as soon as I receive any further in formation I will let Boris know in London. With every good wish, I remain Sincerely yours Dr* Winfield W. Riefler Institute for Advanced Study, School of Economics and Politics Princeton, New Jersey Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives Aqgost 19*10 I mm ho&rfchrofeaa to rosei** yemr lottor of Aq^ast 5th, tmt glad that yott had e«e©p#d to Srv*land and ?rots& to tew that yoa had. joined do QnaAlcr** lagiofu t of eotxrso, w r y mmdmn to h© of holr*# hut It io ftlff&» emit for n* to Imwt .fiuA osaotly vb&t to do* I hav© written Amtmmador M L ltH to find out nh®th©r h& S a m 'anything of th* wh&tmhm&s of Hew* Boris or of your son* If y e w oon should ooras to this eotmti’y, I wUX of eo$r«© do a l l that I om to holp his out* % h % problaa is to know hov to go about *m m gpam % +t Ia*, aamoh &s I do not feiwthft hoy or his nothor* I ohcaaXd thl&gc it wild ho nasessary for j w thrma^ m m noEtoal friend in Trance to » & » the ,ag*a&$teiatefe for .getting hi© o w h**r»# notifying m §o that I can ho oa the alert to iseet hte t&en ho oomes# % heart go#» oat to yott in this period of triadU X*ot*s hop* that m can m-m at least m e Individoale frcas the oatastropaa# Sincorely, H* ©oor&os Boris £5 0$Llifigtau §&rd©R« I*mdoa, 8* W* $ wm Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings o f the National Archives Hf Bullitt* t an la rocelpt of a wry fr&atie letter froa l!* tSeerges Baris, who is new ia j&glfsnl with &e tosll®! •ooyio«r4b^ &hs fat# of hi® wife, ftee. Saris, nnd hit son fcy hi© first wife, ttee* Hoiribach. Bo state# is M e letter that ha hat vritt*n to :*m ahont Hia wife* hut ha® not yet rceeiyed a reply* Itetmt&ly f ora mvdmrn to t» a© bolp£*sl as I o m to Borin* tmt X do not «<?© exsastly *9»t it it peest&l® for m to do# Bo ytmkaov hr o a f chmee whether Hoe* 'Boris ha® "boon loo&ted and whether ®fe» ie oom ing to thl© ommtry ao Boris hope«? Also, do 7011 laiow aay*thing at all of the fate of' his sen? ' fery sincerely jmssrst Winfield W. Riefler Honorable Willim C* Bttllitt AatoaeaaAor to Frmee tfatted State® Department of State tfaehiagton^ D» 0# Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives VOi ) « A tfn furtt MtluM August 5th, 1940. i ’f d n A i.V. 5 Mr, Wilfried Rieffler, Institute of Advanced Studies, Princeton University, Princeton - N.J. UoSoA. Dear Mr. Rieffler, I only just had your address. Otherwise I would have written to you a long time ago in order to ask your advice, and perhaps your help, to get my wife and also my young boy out of Prance. First I must tell you that at the outbreak of the war I joined the army in spite of being rather old (52) and was sent as agent de liaison (interpreter) with the British Expeditionary Force. I escaped with my unit from Dunkirk and since then have been in England. I joined General de Gaulle’s Legion of course. I am now working with them at their Headquarters. As regards my wife, the situation m i l be explained to you in the enclosed copy of a letter I sent to President Roosevelt. Since then I had indirect news and learnt that she is staying with friends at Brive-la-Gaillarde (Correze) in unoccupied territory. The name of these friends is Chadoume and the address : 9 avenue Charles Rivet . I have not been able to get any letters or any definite news and do not know whether she is trying to get an exit permit and the American visa as I want her to do. I expect, however, that friends who returned from London to Vichy will deliver here a detailed message. At the same time, I expect that her first husband who is very influential in^ro-German clique (Bergery) will help her out. On the other hand, I have not received any answer Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives - 2 - from America. Not knowing j|!Wfc*a&dress I sent a copy of my letter to President Ro<5sevelt through his friend Lady Oxford and Asquith and another copy was forwarded to a friend of mine Mr. Hamilton Fishtfrmstrong, editor of !,Foreign Affairs”, “but as said above I have not had any reply0 ^ T* fhn ^ 'kl 0 ^ i Other friends of mine, Mr, and Mrs. Degener, East 73 New York, are VMyawgj jwr> sendApbles advising tny wife to come and stay withAfep/ln order to help securing the French visa, they told her of portraits she could paint and an exhibition which will follow in New York (my wife is quite a good painter of portraits). May I ask you to see on your side that my appeal does not remain without effect and that the day my wife applies for the American visa there will be no difficulty for her in obtaining Its I fear that before long the Germans will occupy the South^area and then there will be no hope left. I fear reprisals and my wife would not be able to stand illtreatment oir the privations that might fall upon her. Now I come to the second subject, which is that of my son from a first marriage. He is 16 years old, quite a nice child, much too refined and to^ sensitive for the fate which awaits him. He is staying very likely with his mother (Madame Heiribach (who is 100% French and catholic lin spite of her name) at The Curate’s in Linard par BonnaRt (Creuse) in the unoccupied area. If the case of my wife is already difficult, I am afraid that that of my son is still more difficult, for supposing he is able to leave France for America I shall not be able to support him, unless some American securities belonging to me, and which are in New York, under the name of a French Bank, can be released, which I doubt. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives However, it has occurred to me that, as funds are being collected in America for European children refugees, my boy could perhaps be included amongst these children, for the reason that he is threatened with ill-treatment, being 50jc Jewish, and moreover the son of a de G-aulle *s legionnaire liable to death sentence. Of course, I would like him to be able to carry on studying, and to learn English so as to be able to earn his living as soon as possible. If I knew that he would be taken in charge by nice people (teachers, people of some education etc.), I would do the utmost to get him out of France, but I do not want to do anything in this connection before I hear from you^there is any favourable outlook. I am afraid I am giving you a lot of trouble over these matters and I apologize for it, but you surely understand that in such circumst nces one does not hesitate to call upon one’s friends. I thank you in advance for all you can do and I am, Yours very sincerelv. J j W b u fc t f a A */ i 4 hvf dO r f h e k r )»Y * \ TTytij L V) Pi% j fo fy a / " Hryc ^7; ,*4 J rY), h rc j. Om O Cdutux V )O f 4 u + f If& ch d l t* # H iM liW nilim ilir I ■e R e p f r o rm' t he Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives mmrgm' Bori% Lm & m lay I t o .your g v m t b m r t m & rm m m say w ife . .who 10 tm w m m m * you 1 0 Wp norae may m&t bo nsi»*ii to you; la IfM.* back tm m m v i s i t to Asiorioa, 1 ptbll#it#d in Bart^ a book "La Saltation la **!&«& I t# m my tii# fpNNit tn-sfe ® f r w i o m f i o a jtoi &&$ laiter** ttttea in tit* W«&* fit many «rtlel«a 1b tha weekly of ??Moli I m s th# editor mutll. 'mm h m k® #«.%* I foltoisi#: your m m zm M and showed t l i l f® m ouooeeeee wecre t&* W i s i i l of fiS*£&s of &«ase*mkoy all weir the world* After that* I was the friyiift **».rsffc«03p of 'P rm & m 1*&m t$w -terli® M s s#oond ,»imlrtrf la. lili* Im &$$*t#si>#r lairt* mi il* I to j#i& t&# A w y and wes by ill# m m m k t o tbm Iritieli M p & fo ttm ffltf- 'Wmmm m Witk m$r « $ t # 1 -«««f*& tta® and tar&. $i®** been ssai»Mlit«§ Im Now I h & w totlds# to fi^it #m*. alto by side with tie iritliii* far a n u n ifeiaA in m i l to m mil* W bm * But I have left my w£&» %#Ma€ la f&wttim* m moat fr&§ll# ert#ttii«. for wtei. I ire&t mot only f o s u l M e bad tre&tMiit at the of * « ! « #r bstt tt» » r # of life in th* W m m m of to*Mlty and t^soriNiw* for ahe'Mfferif from a anriont disease 0# th* *$&&& (nonand t©'itni#r;f88BPs*m*&$. threat of pm & kym iB * Sh# 'freipaisit *&& I write to isiflom yoai for aid and in h m tmmm* aould your im try t# fim.d 'h#r with tlj# indioationa oonoernlng her last-known wlier^^omtS' given 1a %&« attaohed # « l d nsr* wl^i k w and w&o- knowip me w ll.*. tafea h m under h is jp m im & m ft m^mm ■all% i f jm w oountry mmm. to reooire m & help to get omf of 'Wmmm*. could ah# be put on tim first Wm b n .frt#»iii in Jii#ri#a who w®ePt4 «^rtaimly la#it affair Iter* #0 ihat m m . if shs ^w«r# »t' 'to tafe #al ® f W m m m »t be a. to^ th# 8*S* f#yTO®'.3SSt# RepraftlGSSTfrom the UnG'las-slffed / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives D E C L A S S IF IE D Authority £ D |D 5 0 j______ * (J % , J - *r v a m e s P. W a r b u r g 4 0 WALL S T R E E T New York Confidential December 31, 1940 Dr. Winfield"W. Riefler Institute for Advanced Study Princeton, N. J, Herewith the final proof of the letter to Congress, which is now being released for appearance in the newspapers Friday, January 3rd, to which your signature will be appended along with about fifty others from various parts of the country. In addition to the news release, the letter will be reproduced in a paid advertisement in The New York Times on Sunday, January 5th. It is hoped that perhaps some of the signers in cities other than New York may form groups to insert similar advertisements in other news papers throughout the country. James P. Warburg. This article is protected by copyright and has been removed. The citation for the original is: "An Open Letter to Congress." The New York Times, [January 5, 1941]. Proof dated December 30, 1940. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives D O M E S TIC C AB LE TELEGRAM ORDINARY DAY URGENT • RATE LETTER SERIAL DEFERRED NIGHT NIGHT LETTER LETTER SHIP SPECIAL RADIOGRAM SERVICE Patrons should check class of service desired; otherwise the message will be _ transmitted as a telegram or ordinary cablegram. iT E R N U N T E L E G Oocewribesr K A 30, 1 Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives Ja P. W m e s a r b u r g 4 0 WALL S T R E E T New Yo r k December 27, 1940. Dr. Winfield Riefler, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N. J. Dear Win: A group of us, including Dean Acheson, Lewis Douglas, and about forty to fifty others in various parts of the country, are going to send the enclosed Open Letter to Congress, to be released probably January fourth. We should very much like to have you join us if you would care to do so. Inasmuch as our deadline is next Tuesday, I should be deeply grateful if you would send me your reply by wire. I hope very much that you will join us. With the Season1s Greetings, I am Very sincerely, j p w /h Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives JnL ? 5, Mr. Btchard Bills Fosnor 150 Westminster Hoad Hochestcr, uov Tork Denr !1r* Pooaer* Hr. Bloflor Is at present tvmy from Prlaeotoa for an indefinite ^orlod* I nnf therefore, forwarding j?our letter of Jtdjr 3rd vrith roi^rd to the plans for n raoetln£ la Hott *orh# Vory tra'v ^onrc, SocreV’rjr W H IiW IIW W W IIB W W B IIiW I IW a W W W M B W B iW i^ ^ ',u »i- . " ■ .». n . Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives r 150 ^stmlnatsr Hoed Eoehester* Sew York July 3* 1940 Pear siyj As one of the thirty prominent persons who sipied his name to the statamant published June 10th In the Rochester Ylsses Union calling for an isfsedlate declaration of war by the Government of the United States aralnst the Mermen Belch, you assuredly would he interested in the letter 1 recently sailed to waiter Minis, editor of the Mew York Herald Tribune* la that communication I enquired of Mr* Millie as to the possibilities of his bringing all the eforementioned signers of the June 10th declaration to e conference where ways and means to organise a n«tIon-wide campaign for a war-prooiamation might be explored* 1 p luted out to Mr* Mil 11s that last week several *och ester citizens formed e "StopHitler" commlttoe with the announced Intention of campaigning locally for Immediate ^erlcan intervention in the con flict abroad* and esked why the June 10th signers could not pursue a similar line of action* inditi&ually or jointly* If you feel Inclined to support such a move for an open and systematic campaign for war* 1 should welcome a response from you Indicating whether a conference next week or the week following in New York City might be agreeable to you personally* Sincerely yours* Richard &llls iosner 1.3. Today* from one of your co-signers* &r* James F* Curtis* &1 Broadway* York Glty, 1 received a note suggesting that such a conference as I outlined above could be very useful* Be also indicated his willingness to attend It whenever called* Naturally* such a meeting would be private or secret* to avoid unfavorable rubliclty at the outset* Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives * Q l \ • «5S>> HOM ER 8c C O . INC. rbk^'Tv\ January 10th, 1941. Mr. Winfield W. Riefler, Princeton, N. J. Dear Mr. Riefler:I have read with interest and admiration your “Open Letter to Congress’* as printed in the New York Times. I am taking the liberty of sending you an editorial which I have recently published on the same subject, and refer you to Page 4, of the enclosed bulletin, Yours very truly, Sidney Horaer,Jr., er. 40 EXCHANGE PLACE NEW YORK HANOVER 2 -0 5 4 5 This article is protected by copyright and has been removed. The citation for the original is: "From the Trading Desk— Institutional Bonds." Bond Bulletin, January 2, 1941. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives David J . W 2600 FOSHAY inton TOW ER MINNEAPOLIS January 7th 19 4 1 To the Signers of the "Statement of Urgency": Because I know you will be interested in your part in connection with the ’’Statement of Urgency", I am quoting excerpts from a letter received from Helen Hill Miller so you may know that your effort brought forth fruiti "December 30, 1940 "Lots of things happened to the ’Statement of Urgency’ over the week-end! "On Saturday, I knew that Mr. Early had been show ing the Statement to the various newsmen, since I received a call from the Oity Desk of the Washington Star asking for the text of the *Statement of Urgency'. I am enclosing the article which grew out of that call. "When I saw the Star Sunday morning, I realized that Early had called specific attention to the Statement in his talk with the newsmen prior to the release of the President's speech. I enclose a clipping on that also. "Then when we listened to the speech last night, we recognized the paraphrase of the Statement which occurred about two-thirds of the way through! ’But all our present efforts are not enough. We must have more ships, more guns, more planes - more of everything. This can only be accomplished if we discard the notion of ’business as usual’. This ^ob cannot be done merely by superimposing on the existing productive facilities the added requirements for defense. ’Our defense effort must not be blocked by those who fear the future consequences of surplus plant capacity. The possible consequences of failure of our defense efforts now are much more to be feared'." On behalf of the sponsors may X thank you for your prompt response to our letter of December 17th. We would have written you earlier but Christmas and New Year’s prevented. Sincerely yours, DAVID J. WINTON. Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives May 5, 1941 Winfield W. Riefler Princeton New Jersey You are one of the 1500 who signed the petition addressed to the President, dated March 31, 1941, asking him to take prompt and decisive action to provide American convoys. A meeting of a group representing those signers was held at the Engineering Society Building in New York City on April 29, 1941, to consider what further action might be taken on this subject. At that meeting the following resolution was unani mously adopted: "Since the safety of our country and the continuance of the ideals of our people require that the Axis dictators be defeated and their plans for conquest be frustrated, HESOLVED, that we urge the use, at such times and in such manner as the President shall direct, of merchant vessels of the United States and the protection thereof by naval and air forces of the United States for the transportation and delivery of food, raw materials and munitions of war to the British Isles and elsewhere where resistance to the totalitarian powers is being maintained.H 'Hie undersigned committee was then appointed to forward a copy of the above resolution to the President, and also to the 1500 signers of the petition and to urge these latter: 1. To communicate, and urge others to communicate, to their Representatives in Congress their considered conviction that whatsoever is necessary to defeat the totalitarian powers must be done immediately, for the consequences of inaction and delay are more dreadful than the consequences of action; 2. To join forces with the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies or Ihe Fight for Freedom Committee or any other responsible group working to the same end; 3. To attend the meeting to be held at Madison Square Garden at 8 P.M. on May 7th under the auspices of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, at which Y/endell iillkie will speak and Mayor La Guardia will preside, and to get friends to do likewise. to do. Many who feel as we do are asking what they can do. They are the least. THEY MOST W, DOm TO-DAY! Kenneth P. Budd James F. Curtis Richard M. Hurd Pierre Jay Keith Lorenz George ytf. Martin General John F. O'Ryan These are the things Nathan A. Sirtyth Archibald G. lhacher ,/estmore lillcox, Jr. William C. Chanler, Chairman. For the Committee 120 Wall Street, New York, New York Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives C lass , o f Service DL«Day Letter This is a full-rate Te!agram or Cable gram unless its de ferred character is in dicated by a suitable symbol above or pre ceding the address. NL “ Night Letter LC —Deferred Cable NLT “ Cable Night Letter R . B . W H IT E NEW COM B CARLTON J . C , W IL L .E V E R P R E S ID E N T C H A IR M A N O P T H E B O A R D F IR S T V IC E -P R E S ID E N T Ship Radiogram The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD T IM E at point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD T IM E a t point of destination NP2? 3 5 5 NT 4 EXTRA 1 / 1 3 8 = NEWYORK NY MAY 2 0 DR W I N F I E L D R I E F F L E R = I N S T I T U T E FOR ADVANCED STUDY W I L L YOU J O I N WITH US AND OTHERS MAY 21 .AM 8 n IN S I G N I N G THE FOLLOWI NG STATEMENT TO THE P R E S I D E N T WHICH W I L L BE P U B L I C I Z E D ? "WE AWAI T YOUR ADDRESS ON MAY 2 7 YOU W I L L T E L L WHAT WE MUST DO TO 02 I N THE B E L I E F THAT INSURE THE S E C U R I T Y OF THE UN I T E D S T ATE S BY H A S T E N I N G THE DEFEAT OF THE AGGRESSORS-. WE PLEDGE TO YOU OUR L OYAL SUPPORT PERFORMANCE OF T H I S H I S T O R I C TASK'." "SOME OF US HAVE BEEN YOUR P O L I T I C A L SOME YOUR OPPONENTS-, F I RM B A S I S : IN THE ADHERENTS-, BUT ALL OF US ARE U N I T E D ON T H I S WE ARE AMERICANS-, YOU ARE OUR E LE C TE D PRESIDENT- . WE ACKNOWLEDGE THE E T E RN A L TRUTH OF THAT F I N E OLD AMERICAN PRINCIPLE AT THE WA TE R' S E D G E . PEOPLE NO# STAND-, IT THAT POL IT.I CAL. D I F F E R E N C E S END I S AT THE W A T E R ’ S EDGE THAT OUR F A C I N G TO EASTWARD AMD WESTWARD THE F R I G H T F U L ^ R E A L I T Y OF WORLD WAR AND WORLD R EVOL UT I ON'. " = E N D 'in HE COMPANY W Ilili APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE Reproduced from the Undassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives WESTERN C l a ss o f S e r v ic e This is a full-rate Telegram or Cable gram unless to de ferred character is in dicated by a suitable symbol above or pre ceding the address. 1220 SYMBOLS DL-Day Letter NL“ Night Letter LC“ Deferred Cable NLT ••Cable Night Letter R . B . W H IT E NEW COM B CARLTON J . C . W IU L E V E R P R E S ID E N T C H A IR M A N O F T H E B O A R D F IR S T V IC E -P R E S ID E N T Ship Radiogram The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD TIM E a t point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD T IM E a t point of destination NP2 9 2 / 1 5 3 = "WE HAVE PRAYED THAT WE MI G H T BE SPARED FROM INVOLVEMENT IN THE WAR'. BUT WE CANNOT CLOSE OUR EYES TO THE WHOLESALE MURDER OF L I B E R T Y - . MOST OF A LL WE CANNOT THREATS TO OUR OWN S E C U R I T Y IGNORE THE UTTERED AND P RO GR E SS I VE L Y ENFORCED BY THOSE TYRANTS WHO ARE D E D I C A T E D TO THE P R O P O S I T I O N THAT DEMOCRACY MUST D I E . " " THE D I C T A T O R S HAVE EXTENDED T H E I R WORLD WAR AND WORLD R E V OL UT I ON FROM C ON TI NE N T TO C ON TI NE N T AND FARTHER OUT INTO THE A T L A N T I C OCEAN - NEARER TO THE L I F E L I N E FARTHER NEARER AND OF THE WESTERN H E M I S P HE R E’. WI TH T H E I R P ROPAGANDI STS AND SABOTEURS THEY HAVE BEGUN THEI R, I N V A S I O N OF T H I S H E M I S P H E R E ? " " THE CHALLENGE IS I NESCAPABL E- . WE CANNOT MEET WITH MERE WORDS NOR WI TH MERE DOLLARS? STRONG ACTION-, EVEN ARMED, ACTION-, WE KNOW THAT ENTAILING S A C R I F I C E S : W I L L BE REQUIRED OF U S ? " IT GREATER , " W I T H FI-RM D E T E R M I N A T I O N TO CARRY THROUGH AT WHATEVER COST THE P O L I C I E S NECESSARY TO DEFEAT TYRANNY-, WE AWAI T THE FACTS AND L E A D E R S H I P WHICH THE= END 2? ■HE COMPANY W ILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives C lass of WESTERN Service This is a full-rate Telegsam or Cable' gram unless its de ferred character is in dicated by a suitable symbol above or pre ceding the address. 1220 SYMBOLS DL” Day Letter NL “ Night Letter LC ••Deferred Cable NLT“ Cable Night Letter R . B . W H IT E NEW COM B CARLTON J . C . W IL L E V E R P R E S ID E N T C H A IR M A N O F T H E B O A R D F IR S T V IC E -P R E S ID E N T Ship Radiogram . The filing time shown in the date line on telegrams and day letters is STANDARD T IM E a t point of origin. Time of receipt is STANDARD T IM E a t point of destination NP2? 3 / 6 4 = C O M M A N D E R - I N - C H I E F ALONE CAN GIVE'-. WE REPEAT TO YOU-, PRESIDENT- , THE F I N A L I N D E P E ND EN CE : ’ WITH WORDS OF THE D E C LA RA T I O N OF A F I R M R E L I A N C E ON THE PROTECTION DIVINE PROVIDENCE-, LIVES-, OUR FORTUNES AND OUR SACRED HONOR".1 " PLEASE WIRE OF WE MUTUALLY PLEDGE TO EACH OTHER OUR CARE COMMITTEE TO DEFEND AMERI CA A I D I N G THE A L L I E S - , 6 WEST 4 0 T H STREET-, L E W I S W DOUGLAS NEWYORKCI TY-.= MRS J BORDEN HARR I MAN,, VHE COMPANY W ILL APPRECIATE SUGGESTIONS FROM ITS PATRONS CONCERNING ITS SERVICE MR. BY
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