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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
k_
WAR
COLLEGE
DIVISION
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
WAR
DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF
WASHINGTON
September 27, 1918.
Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director,
Woman in Industry Service,
U. S. Department of Labor,
Washington, D. C.
My dear 7liss Van Kleeck:
In response to your kind suggestion of September twentyfifth, I shall be very glad to make an appointment with you
at any time at this office. I believe that we may work together to our mutual advantage in compiling a photographic
record of the war work which the women in this country are
doing.
Sincerely,
Major', U. S. A.,
0.I.C., P1 tonal Section,
Historical Branch, W.P.D., General Staff.
Memorandum from the Women's Branch, Industri4 Service
December 21, 1g18.
Section, Ordnance Derotrtrent.
NOMIPINI
WOWS AND Wr.IIIT nr rWYN
IN U.S. AB1rIALF AND ORPNANt! ?Taws
.IIMPOMONI01•••••••••
9.1. AymrIATiF
1.
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iiiimbAstaaliteJtaiiizaKakiallaiLhalatmatk=
AtuanaLA
The minimum dor rating (8 hours) for women is $2.00 to 42.24
-ninimum is $3.30.
according tG the kind of work. 7nr men
bail maximum dar rating for women in the same ay the minimum
for men.
Aripenal B
Soma minimum 4.1hy rate Avvalls for rattle and fmalm skilled
labor, i.e. $2.80 for eight hours work. Sine* the signing
of the armistice all overtime work has been abandaned, and
the minimum rats for both men end women classed as skilled
laborers has been raised to $3.20 for eignt hours work.
itunaLli
Mere is a general hirtng in rate for women of 340 per hour.
Women a-1 paid at this rte while in trftining slehonl. When
they enter tt,e shops they are started at 40# an hour, which
is alo te initial rate for male 2emi-ski1led labor.
Arions;
The minimum rate for sami-ekillod labor prior to November 18,
1918, W40 33/ per hour, while that for woman Labor of the some
was supposed to offset
class was 300. The difference of
the extra overhead expends entettled by the V40 of women.
7brty-eighty per centnm of the women employed in the shops,
however, were receiv1n6 the minimum rate, while onli a few messengers and unskilled lab”rors were reeeiving the minimum
rats for men.
4... N.gA4 4/
Oa
2.
Bomnikes for gen eng IMO
•
At both Arsenal A and Arsenal B men and women receive a bonus
of 10% of their total earnings when they do night work. The
women work 9 hours and the men 10, both receiving pay at the
rate of time hnd one hftlf for tl. 6 hours worked in excess of
eight.
3.
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There has been some opposition by the Machinists' Union to
the platting of wonen on %shchinists, work" unless the principle of "equal ?..iy for ociail work" was recognized, in ull
the arsenals. This oppositiwl h4o been most makkea at
Arsenal B. Ae s re.ault, a considerable number of women have
been taken into tLe *duration of Ariienal 7mployees.
There is very little piece work in U.S. Arsonals.
At Arsenal B soots work is paid for an a ?ice work bald*,
and the rates for identical otork
the $ame for en and
women. Men's work, however, is ordinarily varied, 50 that
part of the woe!: is spent on or for which the piece rate ia
higher, while women are kept 'in the lower paid work, and the
weekly earnIngo ccdnueluently vary considerably.
gRDNANCK DI SITICTIA
In the ChiptpDtstrick "cosk:arison of wq wasylnot often possiblo bocrax3e in al4oai. uvery instance where mer and women wsre
engaged on the same mrk or where 'man sucoeeded men, t'r.c
pr:-oeepes, :tiro modIfloCk for toe womm. &chine piece rutea
womon more usually the sumo as for in in .pite of the asciotL.nce
Oven 'mem." (rinal Report of Mins Amy Hewes, Chicaoo District.)
"Plant A Fox
,..zon the stoop rate as nen on V.° 41rso disss
of work. The hourly rate is 400 witn time and a half for overtime
over basic eia]it-tour t
Ttlo piece rate is tne same aa that
for men where the work is itlentical., aeon drill presses." (Finhl
R3T1 rt of Mil, Charlotte Hinot
ITlftnt B recently instftuted a systern of equal priy for oututl
work. The hourly rate 4s 40# with time *tnd a half for ovIrtime
* Mla piece rate is the wlme
over tra 4a3ic eiblIt hour" •
for men and women on the 3,me cia4a of work." pr. cit.
In tbelygg Yols.Silltriot "towel par for equal work hns been
ascertelred to be in opera'.ion for piece work in three plants,
for piece work end initial hiring in rate in one other plant,
and on LI single oration in yet LInothar !Aunt." (Jiasa Deport
of MiP4 NA. Reeder, New York District.)
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°In all plants (ordnance plants with whom contact was establiihed) with the notable exception of PlsalitA, the piece rates
were the ammo as thse for ;nen wherever
men ,.:7ore substituted
on work previausly done by men, or wore working side by side
on the same operations. At Plant B, whore ;?roduction increlned
100% when women were substituted ia the machine shop, the men
who remAined were vlry antagonistic because of the higher earnings of ti.,e women, end there *Is sou:e possnility that adjustment
of processes or haurs muat 4e ma4e to decrea3e the °amino of
the women. One method of doing this, as practiced in the lathe
rpm at Plant C, was to gear the latAs
rif80 operqted
the men,
axons. being that women wire less werienced
nf7
operators. Tale emassd cosIderable Ill faaliag on tha
tha women, as te mb4Yine adjuster would occasionally forget
to change the gearing, and until the condition ti3.6 kilscovered
a woman woul':t greatly iocrease her output en the faster lathe,
and naturtlly wished to oontinue work ull:ier thcse cnditions."
Crinal Reptl.rt,
DAstrict, Ruth RelAcker.)
•
"At Pliant D instead of piece rates a bonus fft.., p,id for production flbovs . certain Ninirmam, Aari
br:Al:i rate war, rptid
for both oen
wcwen, but am the basic rate (the hourly wage)
of the 40 ,en m- rcuch loner tIA..n t1;at of
er, thoir cxt,.r1
pkay wa; proportionat(Ay lower." 684adtA.
*The starting rate for the 110,161:.
which a man wenilq be puid $7.5r"
$;;.:.75 i"4“. dey on work for
Pl'tnt A. ol). cit.
At Plant A equal p.7 !"or oval wor was Raid for pice work,
but the sumo tiun mte was not paid nen and women. (Final ReAnrt
Mim- 9ashnne Wunder.)
Bridge.,ort
IL tha 64anai74 q,s.nolan,t District "it W48 difficult to tell
with certainty wtether the policy of equal pay for equal work 14414
r,ften guy thLt V-,work W3A not
,dhered to. EMployere.
etipm1; that men had to he employm to set tEe jobs or to Ao
heavy work. At one plant women are paid 17!'4 to 20? lm hour.
.)1114 the same as men, but on hour work
On piece work they a-.1 ,
less. At an)ther plant tha pmposed rute fnr woman wau 14?;
oomplaint was made
minimum for men
.1 two Indiana
by unions that
wore replacing mon at lower wave rAtes.
In one of these towns the lawest rate t7or Nal° lab-)r was 250
an honr; yot wooer on machine work were paid a beginnine, rate
of only 17i# at Plantto 200 at Plant
$1.50 a day at Plant C. At Pl4int D tha uni-n clqi-ned that after
women were employed t4e Atica rate on all core making for all
workers MA reduced. The investi6ator felt at thn time of the
visit that wan und women ware Delng paid the saoa rate. ?hero
is little douip but that Plant X violated Vie principle of equul
pay for eqw,t1 work. One woman operator was paid $12.00 fir work
for which men were paid $18.00. She asked for $15.60 and was
discharged. I9 one case it wan felt certain that the same rats
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was paid. Plaint I? empioyed 40 to 50 women In replacement work,
paid 9.1i operators on machines ft beginning rate of 24# per hour,
wlt'r a guaranteed bonus of 20%, which nude the ttetual minimum
28.8.,t per hour. The sale b•lrir.s A.uri prezium rates were paif.., to
women ai to- men." (Final 1? ,pr•rt, CU,Onnain j)iktrivt, Mii
kith CfAmpbell.)
In the Philkdoll*la 41qtriot
found in six plants.
equal !ny for towel -ork v14
Less ethtes were found in six ;•::Itints..
Plant A
Wan 20% lesa than son
Plant II
Same work- women 330i men 480
Plant C
Women 860; nen 35,0. (Claimed could start
t/ø1) on heavier woriz.)
Plant D
Worsen 249:.; nen 35,t. Equal bonuu for men and fincl.en
Plant X
Women 26$; teen 35,f. (Di P rap-ney oxplained ey
fact woman work on heavier machines)
Pl-nt P
One official claimed equal par; another official
stated rAte for wonor leas t:an that for rem.
At Pl:Ant G ivr-olon kre paid what stppears to be a pmp(,rtion
ate wage
for unequal. work. Men it is necessary to have women supervised
by u :UM or evoral sun:, tiat tntal amount forrrly paid to men
on the same group of machines is divided equally between the women
working on tile%e mach:Ines and tile r2ecesmar7 Tuaale aui.arvisors or
"Women at Plant R ar4 paid at the same rr.to az tne men after they
have learned the operation. During the po:io,i of training, they
receive a flat rte of 3:4 tw n.our." (Plaint Rot.iort, Charlotte Rine.)
At Pl4nt 1 *women are started at 220 and 25# an hour; foremen
receive 350. ?hey avers+:*
tn $12 on piece work. Men start
•7gi0 to 45t por hour. There are no tam on a piece work basis."
(Plant Re,)ort, krty HOW)*•
)
Letters showing that the War Department kept no record of
the Women's Division of 1917 (which wLs instrumental in securing
Gen. Order. 13 of the army and 18 of the navy) (Both the3e were
printed)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
WAR DEPARIMEld
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
YA=GTON
December 7, 1939
Miss Mary B. Gilson
Carolina Inn
Chapel Hill, N. C.
iiy dear ,ds, Gilson:
IL reply to your letter
relative to the women's
advised that no records
information on the work
dated 1,ovembor 26, 1939 (0.0. 000.71/3749)
division during the World War, you are
have been found that give any definite
of that division.
Mrs. L. H. Printup, the present Welfare Director of the Ordnance
Department, says that she remalbers Mary van Kleeak very well,
but that she has been unable to find information in the war
records of her office which define the title or the duties of the
division over which Miss van Kleec had supervision.
The machine used in making bullets is called a swai;e.
For the Chief of Ordnance:
L. A. Miller
lajor, Ordnance Department
Assistant
(Hand-written by Miss Gilson)
Dear Mary,
For purposes of future reference and "for history's sake,"
wouldn't it be a good thing for you to find out where the records
of the women's work in the Ordnance Departent were filed? Regardlesi of whether you have a set or not, they should be in the Ordnance
Deartment, too, shouldn't they
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A. B. G.
130 East Twenty-Second StreeL
New York City
J;.nuary 3, 1;4C=
Miss Mary B. Gilson
Carolina Inn
Chapel Hill, N. C.
Dear Mary:
Thank you for the interesting letter from the office of the
Chief of Ordnance.
It happens that when I was transferred from the directorship of the Women's Division of the Ordnance Del;t1rtment to the
Woman-in-Industry Section of the United States Department of
Labor in July, 1918, Clara Te'd became the chief of women's
work in Ordnance. It was her report which was filed after the
armistice. The enclosed copy of a letter to her will explain
itself. I am glad that you have unearthed this situation, because
certainly such material should be on the record. It is cluite
possible that it is already filed in the Women's Bureau of the
Department of Labor. You might as,, Mary Anderson. I shall of
course infom her if I ded with the library of the Department
of Labor in the matter. Latin. Tho.a,)son is the librarian.
With warm greetings, I am
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Faithfully yours,
Mary van iLiecc
January 8, 1940
Ordway Tead
56 Groton Street
Forest Hills, L. I.
Dear Clara:
I enclose a copy of a letter sent from the office of the Chief
of Ordnance to Mary Gilson, in response to her inquiry regarding
the Women's Division of the Ordnance Department.
I have a copy of your mimeographed report and also a printed
copy of General Orders 13, which, as you will remember, constituted
the basis of the won( of the Women's Division and of the Industrial
Service Section. Have you any idea of whether this material was
filed? I think that 'Nary Gilson's sugestion that we make certain
that it is on the record is a good one. Probably the best place to
put it on the record would be the library of the Department of Labor;
and when I hear from you as to whether you have additional copies
which could be transferred to the Department of Labor, I shall be
glad to take the matter up.
I wish that I might see you some time soon. Are you ever available
for lunch in New York, and in what neighborhood?
With best wishes of the the New Year, I am
Affectionately yours,
Mary van Kleeck
AvK:T
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-2- 3(I-
June
(2) To worker:
a.L;Ilifor wage regardless of output - discourages
offort. (Gantt,p,60,)
(5) Fundaental defects:
a. Tt fails to reward the worker for increased output,
the profit therefrom accrueing solely to the employer.
_dvInt,J.ges of payment by time:
(1) To employer:
r c:Ire Ind attention froLI worker.
..
a. It insures :reate
worker:
t-'
-Y- csiuncerta,inty from operator
a. Pgylaent by ti,
as to the amor- e e_fnings: uncertainty which
• .aziety detrimental to sustained
may c
of :unition orhersie p.70.)
effort. (
of individual jous on which piece
ts
consis
work
b. ',:hen
calculated, payment by time
be
easily
cannot
rates
worker by uncertain guesof
tation
prevents exploi
take.
will
work
time
the
es as to
(3) 7uncnt .1 ..dvantages:
a. It is ,imple to operate.
b. The favorable results achieved under suitable environments indicate '-nt where conditions are suitable
. 73,ir.day's worl- foa: a fair day's pay is obtained.
(Health of Mmnitioll workers'p,70.)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
G.tt,
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1.
I
r.;a61 un.It of output is given a fixed price which.
-7,-.14ut at
iz calcullited with ref,rsner to
tre cur
t_lour
,iorker's 7ace
t7Qe set
units .proCca
- ker j.sonctimec guaranteed
Li prLctice the .:zo r
cDrrent hourlz7 rate.
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4-ct 'orker or Torkers.
(14a) .'ar
y - 7..2:rr or
(1.)
period
rdic
(27'
cn
Oii
b•1
not o. aott1
7,1=1.t
1-;e
, of
stu-
fc/f:1) ChLracter of :Jell otud. /1_7.)
,
(c1L-42) Numloc_
.:(rker.
worker.
stu-
Torkers
.:14ivuutJ
tdr-vd townrJ time
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
- 10 -
c. Adequate allowances shoul be made for time lost
through' no fault of the worker, or else arrangements should be made to p.y time waes during
involntary waiting.
d. The system, if it is to produce extra output,
should be so simple that it can be explained
to the .forhers in order that they may compute
the additional earnings which will accrue from
increased effort.
e. It is ,,ometimes found desirable to guarantee
previous day rate whatever the rate of output.
Uses for which piece rate
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
',Item is adapted.
out - ut (Health of :.:nnition 'Arkers,
(1) To
P 71) on ';:ork
a. .,Lich involve:, constant repetition.
b. On which the motions of the worer
consume a considerable proportion of
the time of the job, and on which therefore
it is impossible for the worker to cut
down the job tile thro7-h his own efforts.
•
4
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•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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(3)
Fundamental advantages.
a. Output is increased.
b. 'Arker is rewarded in proportion to his ability.
5.
Disadvantages of piece rates.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(1) To employer.
a.
Frequently the profits from time saved go
entirely to the worker so that the employer
fils to profit by a reduced labor cost per
unit of output.
L.
It is so.Jetimes clai,ded that employer fails
to benefit from shop improvements which have
helped to make increaed speed possible.
c.
he difficulties of accurately det:,rmining
in advance the hourly output and therefore
the appropriate piece rate may result in
paying unnecessarily high hourly payments.
d.
This, together with the desire of the
amployer to profit from the time saved by
his workers, may lead to piece rate cutting.
(Halsey, p. 756.)
e.
Piece rate cutting leads employees to believe
that regardless of output, they will never
be allowed to earn more than a specified surl
(determined upon by emnloyer.)
This leads to systematic limitation of
out-out by the workers in order to protect
the piece rates. (Gantt, p. 74; Ta;:lor, p. 1351.
In practice this situation has proved so
serious that Ship-b -ilding Labor Adjustment Board and British Lfunitions Act have
had to give guarantees that piece rates
would not be cut.
,4uarantee of day rate to those who fail
to earn more than day rates is disadvantageous.
(Health of Hunition Workers, p. 79.)
(a) It offers no incentive to workers
who fail to come up to standard.
(b) It increases labor cost per unit
of otput for all articles .13.de
1)clov standard.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
•
_ •
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Y2T-77.1'.
1. 7tatement of system.
. pioe
ated ricT ( I.,
Jobs are assined to formon at a stirnl
07.11
hjs
pay
to
and
r5t,?; a11o7:1ng him to employ
F,F2 t3-Et
company furnishinp: the •equipment. TYp
, atvr.t Tea-Tres to
77ares
of
thus employed receive rrevallinc•: rate
to= to h.17
_a
as
s,
the forman the distribution of hirl rroTit
l_rrans, p. 71r),
'- imsis of determining contract price.
rco on similar lobF.',
Contract rrice dr•tor..nirod. by 7rcoriouc cm-nort17vans, p.
3.c1a contract s7stu7: is ada-ta.
c- -:'ork of sic:
roquiring considerable aiiiouut of routi
rge
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
-15.3Y52E11
.._6atement of system.
Premium system aims at a division between employer and worker of the savings due to increased production of the worer.
•
ethod of calculation.
(1) :::alsey system.
"The time required to do a given piece of work is determined from previous experience, and the workman, in addition to his usual wages, is offered a premium for every
which 'le :.educes that time on future work, thc aLour
mount of the pr,,dium being less than his rate of wages."
i:aking the premium less than the rate of wages is the
foundation uron which the system rests, for by it the employer is enabled to reap part of the profits of the
saved per unit of output. The determination of the percentage of wages which premium is to be is a matter of
judgment; where the work is laborious a liberal premium
will be necessary to induce the worker to make the extra
effort. The system aims to give just enouh to offer an
incentive to the worker to extra effort. In view of the
fact that employer benefits from decreased labor cost as
well as lessened overhead, it is claimed that there need
be no hair splitting over the amount of the premium; that
the employer can afford to be generous. (Halsey pp. 760761.) j!:xperience has shown that it is necessary to offer
a premium of from 30-60(;0 of day wages. (Thompson p. 122.)
This enables the employer to benefit by 70-40;L of the time
saved.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The effect of the system is such that the hourly
earnings of worker increase; the piece rate for outrut on
premium rate is uniformly less than the rate per unit on
day rate. The effect of this is to diminish steadily the
piece rate for the entire outpu as output increases. ...lor
illustration take 5 articles as the standard, mid for at
the rate of .1 for 10 hours; and suppose a premium of 10/
(-L- day rate) has been established for each article in excess of ten. The following table illustrates the lowered
piece rate but the higher hourly rate for the total output
under premium system.
Articles produced.
5
6
7
8
9
Piece rate.
r
.20
.183
.171
.162
.155
.15
HOUT rate.
,t;
.10
.109
.119
.129
.139
.15
Then output has increased lua/J, hour rates increase 50%
and piece rate, have decreased 25.
-16)
Ti.le required for a job is estimated on basis of previous
experience; profits accruing from any saving of time are
divided between employer and worker in accordance with following formula;
Time taken X time saved
7,owan premium equal'_-;
Time allowed
job is done in 80 hours,
and
allowance,
time
is
1u0
le. if
2L1) of actual hours
is
Premium
hours.
20
is
the saving
hours pay for 80
96
ie.
16;
equals
80
of
tal-en, le. 20%
other hand 100
the
On
pp.
20,22.)
hours work. (Thomson,
pays at
employer
the
which
for
done
hours work has been
the rate of 96.
The effect of taking as a premium the percentage
of tiLae saved upon tine c,ctrall;,. v:or?-ed gives' the worker a
generous pre:117..2 until the 57.v1 -,7 In flours roaches
,
ir loss tL-1,n
1
fro::. that oirt on ,he
savthe
,ttnr kow [-rent
1-, hour inter., 1( ..1.,
;;=1 tvdice the ortine :nay be, ;1.11
ing
basic hourly
It is urged that objection to the _/owall
'lcadcnie, sines in
- its "poor half'
C:
than 5C,J, and
.:lorc,
1,1cfc,.so
seldom
is
output
practice
On the other ',land
.
s_1(2_o_
is
therefore,
poor half,
,feuards the e!,1side"
t.
is
"poor
that
it is pointed cut
results of .,2istho
pi'en
a
hir.712
too
7loyer fro pa:in,7
p.
on
5.)
taknn
accoi.ip::nying tablc Lrinc;s out t1,-A: div,rgencies 1-..101-1,; -niece rate, :a7.1se;, and. 1owan prcu.ini systems.
—,
I
I
0
10
20
r'-''
404 50
GO
70
80
90
100
100
90
80
70
GO
50
40
30
20
10
0
Piece work 100
100
10C 100 100 100 L,F,) 100 100 luO
100
100
95
99
85
80
75
70
65
GC
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(1) .here accurate records of previous output are not avatheiE
bonus system is preferable to piece rte syitem because re--- (''r1
sults of any error
employer and worker.
a. Rowan system, with its limit upon hourly rate and it
rapidly diminishing piece rate after output has increased
50, tends especially to guard the employer from failure to
profit if time above which a premium ir oaid has been set
too low. (Thomson, p. 35.
reLiium system is prefce
.lot involve constant repetition and where, therefore, t.1.-es
55.)
e?,nnot be exactly determined. (
L/LtelA can oe introdueeLi iJitliout tn
1).j.P
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drico
(4) Charw:e from d
3,IL of an ex7-Y.eviou_s
7fl .1
(5) Chaw;e from day rate does not L-Ivolve a reorganization of
booeepillg system, merely an addition te 't. (Halsey p. 761)
(6) Useful as a transitional stage between d
nd piec: 1-ate
Adv ntages of premium syste-.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
a.
c.
d.
f.
It ai.forcis an incein,ive to tile worlcor to llica..e,A11;e out
put. (Halsey p. 760.) The "good half" of the Rowan
system offers greater inducements than Halsey 50-E
system. Wealth of Lunition Workers, r. 82%83.)
(see below) for danger of limitation.
Halsey system is so simple that workman can readily
-,r
derstand its operation and be encouraged to grea
output.
It decreases labor cost per unit of output; under the
Halsey 50-50 system half the gains of increased production accrues automatically to the employer.
r]mployer reaps entire benefit from increased overhead
expenses. (Babcock p. 95.)
j)zo
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to
ive
incent
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even
is
ive
cut piece rates. (Halsey p. 760.) The incent
rdi-cre
less under the Rowan system in which any great
ancy will come undo- The "roor hP]f"
(Thomson, p. 35.)
Eel
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r
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as they do under piece
Decreasing labor and overhead costs with increased output furnishes an incentive to employer to improve shop
methods as an aid to Increased output. (Thomson p. 17.)
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BRANCH 1094
MONTH
DAY
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
HOUR CLARA M. TEAD
WOMEN'S BRANCH
INDUSTRIAL
----- SERV I CE SECTION
fm*
ry Henan.
October 1E, 1913.
olUAL.2.11
0.....111115.....0. •
Zzotor
Csr Co.
Buffalo,
01'.!. -Mi\rrli
Ut;
OCA?1OE
PLA
T.
Aug. 31.
Detonating ruse. :.:ark II
(striper rods and 4 brass
_
40.11461.
Adapters and Bolster
casircrs 155 vir. 1110K III.
1. Leldertag AIM sockets
2. Dri/ls and turret lathe
3, Inspection.
(bench and au machine).
101-4th
lot shift 10.b4 1rer
.37)wk°
2nd " s!
254 per hcrar.
SZIL ii/Lah
a1.6iJ-42;h
let shift - ,
2nd shift - ,10.31-374hr
.....
••••••••.,.•••••••••••1.11.......111*
Anwrietn Mite !.'hoe
?onndry Co.
. Tacony
inane°.
If.rie, Ia.
Taoony,
%line 1.
Sept, 25.
No on employed up
to June 1.
!Imployuent rending,
155 ahn Howitzers
m/I, shells
9.2" shale
155 aim
in :'ergings
1. Lit electric traveling cranes 1 nchine
shop - 5--10 tons.
2.Band Saw ore,stors
(irlteli Milk set up by
!en)
3. Tyrometer Readers
3741
4214
for
500 -- experienced
3714
(vo
on *lob, would
hove to ray helper
4541
4, Operstors ova small hack-4
same for nutting out
tot
Vinslerr Bros.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chicngo, Ill. I
(him 19+
15b
Howitzer
She11a-
teel
1.
2.
Z.
4.
-hell rolling
Tool grinding
Triiminc)oopper
Basing )brmds.
rta/t
37.
454
to start
now
0.7- perience,4.
Women very unorganised ur, to June 19.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2
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,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY CARBON COPY AND ADDRESSED TO
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
TO INSURE PROMPT ATTENTION
WASHINGTON
IN REPLYING REFER TO
No.
ATTENTION OF
September 30, 1918.
Miss Mary Van laeeck,
Director, Women in Industry,
U. S. Department of Labor,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Madam:
Subject:
Information on availability of students
Vtrained at Mt. Holyoke College.
1.
I am directed by the Chief of Ordnance to
your letter of September 26, regarding availability
trained at _t. Jolyoke College, and to give you the
information received from lass Burhot, Secretary to
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
reply to
of students
following
Dr. Mann:
Eleanor Reilley, 39 stetson St., Brookline, Mass.,
present permanently employed in 2enneesee.
at
is
Wintie 1-Zuby, of darrisburg, Va., is now at
5822 Morris St., Germantom, Philadelphia, Pa., and
is at present available for a position.
Caroline Dengtson, 1201 E. 60th St., Chicago, is
at present teaching at the dendell Phillips High School,
39th ;A., and Prairie Ave., Chicago, Ill.
Edith Dudley, 41 Charlton St., Vo'7 York City, is
at present with the '.:omen's Branch, Philadelphia, Pa.
Elizabeth ll'ennessy, 25 Decatur St., Boston,
is not available. She is at present doing scientific
work near Boston, and does not care to leave the Boston District.
Edna Merrill, 1536 N. Leavitt at., Chicago, Ill.,
is employed here in ',:ashington in the :omen's Branch.
Mary Hernan, 122 Boston Ave., "est Medford,
with the 'Zomen's Branch, Washington, D. C.
now
is
Claire i. O'Connor, 240 Maple t., Holyoke,
is now -ith the Women's Branch, Washington, J. C.
To Miss _Lary Van Kleeck - 9/30/18
CAC/cmr
Marie Wrijat, 38 Central Ave., Waterbury, Conn.,
is at present employed with ',:estinghouse, iittsburgh,
Pa., as Supervisor of 'gomen.
Miss 3urhot also gave information on the following
2.
students:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Elsie 2rank, 177 Third St., Troy, N. Y., trained
particularly on the chemical side of health work, is
7'aiting for a position under Dr. Lee; also consider a position with Cheney Silk Mills. Very capable.
Wants to be in Washington.
Virginia Hawkins, 356 'Union St., Brooklyn, N.Y.,
is interested in health work on the recreational and
physical traininF. side. Extremely efficient and is
quite anxious to come with the ,omen's Branch.
Gaye Harris and _Aldred Merrill are at present
working in loodloily Loading Plant on machines. They
will be available at any time. Their address is
U. S. Government 1-,eservation, '.:estville, U. J.
Mrs. S. K. Doherty, 145 Josephine Ave., Detroit,
Mich., is one of our ablest woman. Was offered a
position by Dupont, but refused because she wanted
to be near Detroit.
7'..espectfully,
3. H. GiLchell,
ajor, U. S. A.,
By:
d,
Clara
Director, lomaa's Branch,
Industrial service Section,
Production IA -vision.
!7.epL:3mbar 26 1 1313.
Mr;.
'om'en's branch, InduEtrirtl Service Section,
jr:nce Deprtnient,
D. C.
T
IS the Noment
Dertment keepin
Lru.nch of the 4v.,in,.:nce
trck of the etudent
Holyoke ColleEi 1.6t suipmer for position
J'A tijg
traine ,1 .J.Atount
ache1th officers?
, aM1. ruynsont me u 11:3t of th.3 i,ttrients,
to have
on the lo,ksis of the informatior, &iven I should be clld
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
inrollAtion ao.it tue Availability of the following*
, 59 2,tetson Street, Brookline, .4.vri,ichusetts.
.
!11)1
aeltieby, Hlirrisburg,
Croiiwi ini:tson, 1201 EPiet 60th Street, Gho.
r.74.1.th Dulay, 41 Cr1torl Street, New York City.
lizabeth Fennegy, 25 Decstur Street, boon.
H.
rii1, 15Z36 North Leavitt Street, Chiebol
122,Hoton Avenue, West MeOford, 18,584chueette.
kiry
O'ca:Inz;r, 240 Maple Street, Holyoke, Masea:chwEtt .
Cl%ir
:erbry, Connecticut.
38 Ce;ltr-A, Avenue,
Vary Van K19eck, Director,
in Inti,Ary
ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY CARBON COPY AND ADDRESSED TO
WAR DEPARTMENT
TO INSURE PROMPT ATTENTION
5.re
°SHimei
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
WASHINGTON
IN REPLYING REFER TO
No
ATTENTION OF
August 29, 1918.
Miss VankleecK,
Women in Industry Service,
United States Department of Labor,
Ouray Building,: 8th & G Streets,
Washington, D. C.
idy dear Miss VanLieec:
Subject:
Literature.
I am directed by the Chief of Ordnance to request
1.
you to kindly forward to us for the use of our field representatives, an additional twelve copies of the leaflet entitled
Women in Industry Service.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Very sincerely yours,
Olga S. Halsey,
Supervisor in Women's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
0/r
Voikk
46,
•.,`(- .
/
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
OSH/mei
August 29, 1918.
7
Miss Vankleeck,
v4emen in Industry Service,
United States Department of Labor,
Onray Building, 8th 84 G Streets,
Washington, D. C.
My dear Miss VanKleeck:
Subjeot:
Literature.
I am directed by the chief of Ordnance to request
1.
you to kindly forward to UB for the use of our field representatives, an additional twelve copies of the leaflet entitled
Women in Industry Service.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Very sincerely yours,
Olga S. Halsey,
Suporvisor in Women's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
,,
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/'. ,.
r•-"
2)4
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT
To insure prompt attention,
in replying refer to
OFFICE OF ORDNANCE DISTRICT CHIEF
19 PORTLAND ST.. BOSTON
PRODUCTION DIVISION
August 15, 1918.
From: Clara 11. Tead, Acting Jirector, Womens Branch,
Ind. Service Section.
To: Mary Van Kleech, Chief, Womens Division, Labor Dept.
Subject: Procedure in cc,oe of reporting trikes or
discharge of employees for Union activities.
1. A recent conference wit:, MiL.s May Peahe, organizer
for the International Machinists Union, emphasizes
the necessity of having some clearly understood
method of procedure to be followed by the various
government departments and government officials
when reports are made that certain employees have
been discharged because of union activities.
2. This matter is very closely related to the whole
question of procedure in handling strikes in which
the employmer1.173?-175E-en is a factor. I told Miss
Peake that I thought this matter was receiving your
attention and that there would be instructions sent
out very shortly, to all of the various branches
dealing with questions concerning the employment
of women, as to the authorized procedure and handling of matters involved.
7. I hope we may talk further on this matter on my
0
return to Washington Monday next.
/. •
‘1
TEAD,
1.1
CLARA
Acting Director,
Womens Branch, Ind. Service Sec.
Ordnance Dept.
•
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
August 15, 1918.
1
From: Laara -a. Tead, Actin' iirector, jamens Branch,
Ind. Service Section.
To: Mary Van Kleeck, Chief, Womens Division, Labor Dept.
Subject: Procedure in case af i' lithplItug_trticoe or
discharp:e of employ.cs for Union votiviti
1.
recont conference with A.iit:s ay Peake, organizer
for the Intcrnational Ilachinists Union, emphaniz=as
the necessity of having some clearly understood
meth ):1 of procedure to be followed by the various
govornment departmantt and gov(.rnment officiu1:1
when reports are made that certain employees have
ban discharged becaue of union activities.
r is very closely relatad to the wIto1e
2. This matt,
question of procedure in handlinr striks in which
the employment of women is a foctor. T told rifin
Pi ake that I thought this matter was receiving your
attention and that there would be instructions ne-t
out very shortly, to all of the varioun branchem
dealin;-: with questions ooncernim . the employment
of women, as to the autt,orized procedu;e and
ling of matters involved.
3. I hope we may talk furth,r on this matter on my
return to Washinvton on.iay tu'xt.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cl.kiA M VW,
Acting Director,
Womens Branch, Ind. SPrvice
Ordnance Dept.
414.,
August
°mon'
TO:
1918
3ranch, inaustrial 3ervice (-lotion
in 411,;stry
rvi.3e, Department of Labor;
A.s.; /an ,-1:eck, jireotor
•
Int:rv5ell
217
1.
:telegrams dated July 13 and 17 sent by Lrc.
May :2eake, organiser of the In.trntinal ssoW.ation of
1:
, eohniste (see eopios attaeo) aAl adircsed to
Van '<loeok were forwarded b;„7 the 4o2lent lirnoh to
Mal. in the Fioes':o District fioe.
l'otld hal a
On IK7uit
- .
sike. and
confere:loe at t.o off'3,'3 of te 3oston Lodge of the InternatiAlal 7ac . inists, at whio -LrL. -ake exTlaito4 t:Ne
situation at t e,64IIITIIumi7w reported in te
:.t7eake said that the
telegrams of 4july'r
haa not been organized
strike as outlined in tl-/ toier
had simply been report4 to 'rer by some of the
Tead a list of the
girls involved. Mts. -ata.}:e gave
names aW, adlresses oi sue
f the leaders of te union
actives at the 4a4t of t:,e 'iestinghouse company as were
in 1- .- :er possessiun. -re. 2eake and iurs. Tead agreed tLat
since to girls had gone 'last to tvork almost immediately
work
received
•siuce those that hcA. not gone .-laok to
posons
oti,er faotories gtving as good or bethr pay,
infomation..given by x*Iik keake be considered confidential
?ead for refeence in ease of frt'er
and T)e ield by
Iissatisfaction at t e estinghouse
It is felt that this and simtLar instaces
3.
emphasize the necessty of hav, ag some olearly ftefined :eth.od
of prooeclure in cases where the polioy of the '6ar Laor
.eolicies Board is mt adhered to in Ordnance and other
plants. For instance, what ehoul the proceVre be in
handling re orted eases oi 11.‘warge of employees for
*ailed union activites? Should the proced. re be the alvfie
in te cae of suo daoetitOre . preoipitating a strike as in
the ease .twere te discar- simply fosters unrect but does
not actually res:at 1-,ti a strike?
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Arector,
omen's ft.Fnoh.
DG/z1k
ADMINISTR.A.Tiu2i DIVISION
REFERENCE LIBRARY BRANCTT
Press Clipping Unit
p 7
:LAE ai
General
Industrial Jf..rowth of Long Island Citz due to war work.
Iferald, AuGust 18.
New York
explosi on in Dobbs Ferry 219.nt making acids for the Government. New York Crall, August 21.
The citizens of Curnberl,Inda 'Maryland Eay 'J11;801000 for lead_ near
Baltimore
iU use it or bu.ildihp; lots.
new cellulose pinnt.
sun,.kugust 23.
0:1..7rv-;.nce euiltrac-;.;ort:- to meet each week. l'hiladel.phia District
-57)77.
rrny Cr.:).:..iirionce :Department wants exchange of ideas af men
doing war work. Philadelphia iiecord, .'.uguet 18.
Chief of c;ine Irina
uarters of `1.';'.r IndustzioNt Board
etories in his district which night
sends t17 e TIF:111(743 of sever:Li_
stoic.
be converted, for the nen-LIM:lc:tar e of Colt .',.utoonatic
Cincinnati In.ovirer,
17.
Lo.
.1.1),:cLut
7ew
l3nt.
;tanooga
4.
1 ,,rit
at Jachsanville, Annessee,
7urthei descrition of "91d Ficko
August 22.
all,
Yerby. .New 7ft)rk
Sy Frederick
e.,ef.:cripl;ion of Bait imore le new C artr e-e -1D2.9.nt
Pictures an .
one million c -friO.ves a d.vy will be Lianit_fn.otred for Ordnnface
11.
'Department, Taltimore Nef;,
lotod, Yl be
Description of Seven 2ines 21i.t 17'-iich, when.
Richmond Times
eking plant in the world.
717--13.rgest munition
Dispatch, ::„ugust 18.
DescriTtior. of 'Tew Jersezi shell loading_ fl.nt.
rniormation. Am& ricn 9.c1,1o.ist, July
IC.
Committee on public
Contracts .md Orders
Co.'_u_rfous, Ohio wn.nts bayonet coatracts.
'igtif_A 16.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Columbus State Journal,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
°T. ,7:1-1-4
! 'oaaant op saum sap uTg.arring
-4a3dea :ntaNuipao goTta.v .7.4pun poq.roao sTool acvmollm ue aecil.Twmoo
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https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
)71.44/
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
April 30, 1919
Mr. Payson Irwin, Chief
r
Industriul Serrico Secti,
Office of the Chief of 22111349,0t
Washington, D.C.
My deqr Mr. Irwin:
nding um the re-rt of the
Thank you for
Woman'i BrAnch of the Ordwince Department. I greqtly
appreciate tile opT;ortunity to go over tl,is matlrisl.
I am enclosing a formal acknowlodiment to
t'le Executive Section.
Sincerely yours,
Mary Van Maack, Director
Woman in Industry Service
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
SepterLber 25, 1918.
Are. Clara M. Toad, Director,
Womenls Brancn, Ordnance Dept.
4asnington, D.O.
viy dear 'Ars. Tead:
I have not ac - novilai
your voeekly reports.
4 tl-,e copies of
Please let ale thank you for
;new neartliy, as tney are of great interest to
us in keening us informed of your vork.
tiincorely yours,
MT( AL
Mary Van KleecK, Director
Walman in Irdustry sorvice.
XL-/4-71,-zr
September 13, Lilo.
vajor B. H. Gitchell, Chief
Industrial Service Section,
Ordnance Departuient,
Wehirgton, D.C.
Dear
Gitchell:
It would be a priviletso to sponlk at the
conference of district re-presentatives of the Indu;,trial Service
Section.
Unfortumtely I am obliged to be in Ne. York on
dlonday and probably cannot return to Washington until Tuesday
noon.
The order of your program evidently providos for con-
ferences of your o,..n staff on Tuesday.
II you would care to
have ale present for ten ILiuutes Tuesday afternoon, I ..;hould be
glad to arrange it for any tiLie co:Nonient to you, but I sciall
fully understand if this is not ,3esiruble in
to Lile
program.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sincerely yours,
Mary Van Kleeck,
Director, Wolan in Iniustry Service.
c.3
D. C."
All communications should be addressed to "The Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army,Washington,
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
ARMY AND NAVY BUILDINGS, GROUP B
SEVENTH STREET, BETWEEN A AND B STREETS NW.
WASHINGTON
In replying refer to No.
September 11, 1918.
From:
Major B. H. Gitchell, Chief Industrial Service Section
Production Division.
To:
Miss Lary VanKleek, In Charge,
Women in Industry
Department of Labor
Washington, D. C.
Subject:
Conference of °rdnance Industrial Service Personnel.
1110.1111TVIIIIMINPUIA,
1. On Monday and Tuesday of next week a confereAce of
all district representatives of the Industrial Service Section
will be held in Washington.
2. A program, a copy of which is attached, has been
arranged to give these workers an accurate and adequate understanding of the labor factor in ordnance production.
3. It is desired to have you make a short talk on the
subject, "Women in Industry Service of Department of Labor".
sincerely trust that you can arrange to speak for at least a
few minutes to our workers.
4. The meeting will be held beginning at 10:00 o'clock
Monday in the Production Division conference room, A Building 1-223.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B. H. GITTPUT,
Major, U.S.A.
Chief, Industrial Service Section.
Ja0GRAii
COP: L!:1,0
OF MIAMI INDUSTRIAL dARTIOA P-auJONtia,
3eptember 16th sod 17th, 1v18.
Jonferenoe Room
Production
Building - 1-2223
londay s September 16th-10 a.m.
Call to Order
The Part of Ordnnnoe in
Jar
Opention by Ordnance riot's.
Our x)roduotion Program
The dar Labor
olluies lo-rc
The 'Jar Labor 80.rd
The U. S. Bmpleyment ,orvioe
Iftmem in Iadustry .Akrvice of
1Departmant of Labor
Major B. H. Gitohell
J. 4111iams, Chief
Major Genl.
of Ordnance
/n Charge
Brig. ^Gni.
District Organizations
Col. C.O. Jamieson, ,Thief, 'reduotion Division
Felix r)nkfurter, Chairman, oar
Labor Polioies acelra
LatIl
u. Jett Louck,
'Board
Labor
J. B. Densmore, In Chhrge, U.6. 4nploymont servioe.
ise Mary Vanneek, In Charge aomeni
n Industry Servioe
ri
'onday, September 16th - 2
iork of 4omons' '3ranch
Liseuseion
Coanunity Conditions and
,roduction
‘)ooraintoo igencies
Disoussion
Labor Supply lisssion
Mrs. 0. M. Toad
I. ‘.;.
ayson Ir. in
F. B. Badgley
iuesday. Seittember 17th - 10 a.m.
Oonferonoes 9f Groups
Moose 7ork Personnel
40mmunity 4ork Personnel
District Ainagers
Mrs. Toad
Mr. Butler
Major Oitchell
ruesday s September 17th - 2 p.m.
Wo_Aons' ifiork in the "kistriot
Reports and ouggestions
Puture Plans of the
Industrial Service 6eotion
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Kiss Amy Ems
Kash Member of Staff
Ljor Gitchell
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
rt5-1—
rs-
September 13, 117_
"4:kJor Cite11°11:
Ay
be.r received,
,0,-)te<litier seventh h
Ynir letter of .-.'
to colv..y with the bt4 L,e;.tions -sci. oh
..nd we ail
you
r,r,.k t ii
n
I h.. pe th
ny
rIie
rtnt, re:'.it- :..ri re,ort:..
le1.1, in thi tr ns:nicbi.;n
JhouL: ice lit,kyover t..t
t, c:nfer further
)2ur
lLI tf..) :v.il
.
eut the :n liter.
tncire1yy
Very
li„jor E. h. 1itche.,,
Office of the Secret J.,
Washirvt -n, 3. C.
Director,
V
,
Jai
1
p
IA
IiisjUArY
•
0
t=.
WAR
DEPARTMENT.
WAS H I N
G-ro N .
September 7, 1918.
Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director,
Women in Industry Service,
Duartrnent of Labor.
My dear Miss Van Kleeck:
In the re-organization of the Industrial
Servie 3ection of Ordnance Department I am finding that
,Jol. Jamieson and General Tripp are insisting u,pon being
es of
more fully advised in regard to all of the activiti
y
ssar
nece
ngly
easi
incr
the section, and I am finding it
that
of
f
chie
to be cautious in my communications as
Jar and the
section with the office of the Secretary of
Therefore,
on.
various branches of the Labor Administrati
office
all
we are finding it necessary to arrange that
Industthe
of
communications between the domens' Branch
cial
offi
ugh
rial Service Section wild your office be thro
channels.
This does not mean that there Mf.ty not
Branch and your
be a direct liaison between the 1omenst
infozmation
the
office, and each enjoy the benefit of
ugh chflinels
thro
possessed by the other. Communication
h should
whic
may be .:onfined entirely to those things
stigations
be a matter of record. vihere you wida inve
submitted by
made by our service the request should be the Secretary
to
the proper officials of your del:art:lent
ed which the
issa.
be
ions
ruct
inst
of dar and appropriate
will be very glad
Industrial service Section of Ordnuace
red by you
desi
rts
repo
to comply with. The official
subLlitted
be
will
from the Industrial service Section
cial channels.
offi
er
to your organization through the prop
If this is going to result in any
71ad
serious inconvenience I shall be very
on.
you about the matter in pers
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Very tru.ly you_rs,
B. —
Major, U. Z.
Offic e of t'
Secretury of 'tar.
De.:ber 3J, 1918.
sire, C1vkiC..,„11414, Director
WOlien's Branoh, Ordnance DernrtAent,
Vilshington, D.C.
My Isar Mrs. Mali:
I have na formally acknowledged your resignation
as a iember of the Council on Women in Industry. I recognise
tnat eth the discontinulnce of the work of thq Women'e Brinch,
it wouli seem best for you to withdraw %).c a reresentative of
the Orinanoe Derert:lent. Inftel it is a question wfiether the
Council will need to bs cortinued now thrit the war eAergencly
is passed.
It is a .Latter of great regret to me that 40 shall
not have you working slth us after your -presont
Is
comnleted.
Eincerelv yaare,
MITTK/L
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Mary Van Kleock, Director
Welaan in Iniustry Service.
All communications should be addressed to "The Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army,Washington, D. C."
DEC 16 1918
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
ARMY AND NAVY BUILDINGS. GROUP B
SEVENTH STREET. BETWEEN A AND B STREETS NW.
WASHINGTON
December 13, 1918.
In replying refer to No.
Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director
Woman in Industry Service,
Department of Labor,
206 Southern Building,
Washington, D.C.
My dear Miss Van Kleeck:
The Industrial Service Section of the Ordnance
Department is under instructions to demobilize immediately.
The Women's Branch will be largely demobilized
by December 15th, and
it is hoped that such reports
as are necessary will be completed by January 15th.
It is expected that I shall be transfered with
a few secretarial assistants to some other section on
December 31st in order to enable me to finish writing
the reports.
It is felt therefore that the representative
of the Women's Branch on the Council of Women in Industry should formally resign at this time, in view of the
fact that we are under instructions to undertake no new
work, and in anticipation of our complete demobilization
by the end of the year.
:lith pest wishes to the Council of Women in
Industry,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I am
Sincerely yours
Tdigt
.
Clara TTTead, Director
Women's Branch, Indus. 6erv.Sec.
—room TIT rmtlwrty sr,ron-fir
July 22, 1c1,.
Dear Yrs, Toad:.
file
The Secretary of Labor has asked me
be very desirocrurrei
!rfold
to
it
re
that
ha3
,jr. r"svoxio,, anfi it
rhases
st
imrortant
tile
of
stateTert
brief
able to includ^ in it a
elch
reek.
Departrert
the
Ordnance
of
of the 'work of the Women's Branch
such
a
statement?
Would it be too ,Treat a burden to yo9 to let me have
As mr report must reach the Socretl.ry's office el,ch Mend t7 I 3hould like
to have rylly statement from you by Satur morni, It "fill enable us
to be k(Tt informed of the particular developments in the fiell of vomen's
wort.
It also seers deeirable,if it is convenient, to have
a central file of reports on plate. Would it be possible for ylu to
have a-mitional conies made of all ineroctions of *ante by represents,.
tiven of the Women's Branch and send them to this office! With the
develorment of women's branches In other derartments it will be more
necessary to have such a central file if we are to avoid duplication
s shall be enabled also 1) thjJs method to keep you
ths-entions.
visitqd by other departmonte.
rlants
inferred of
D4tr;et Office an
A copy of Mr. Russell's letter frog the Chicao,
tr, reply are attached.
Sincerely yours,
Director, 'loran in Industry Service,
Mrs. Clara !f, Toad,
W -en's Branch,
Ordnance Department,
Washin,,,ton, D. C.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
t
c
,
ce
0114-0.
.1
All communications should be accompanied by carbon copy and addressed to
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OFLO_RDNANCE
TO insure prompt attention,
In replying refer to
PRODUCTION DIVISION
WASHINGTON
No.
Attention of
November 19, 1918.
3—AS45
grom:
0Cfice of the Chief of Ordnance, Industrial Service 3ection,
Womens Branch, Mrs. C. M. Toad, Director.
To:
Woman in Industry Service, Department of Labor, Kiss Mary
Van Kleecis„ Direct or
Subject: DISCONTINUANCE OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN CONTRARY TO STATE LAW
IN ORDNANCE ARSENALS AND ORDNAN7xL PLANTS.
1.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The attached papers in regard to the above named subject,
are sent you for your reference and information.
CLARA M. TEAD, DIRECTOR,
WOMEN S BRANCH,
INDUSTRIAL SERVIC1,1 SECTION,
OFFICE OF THE CHIT:',F OF ORDNAN:..E.
Noverabor 19, 1918.
Office of the Chief of Ordnance, Industrial .:)ervi.L.e
women. Branch, Mr3.Tead, Jirector.
To:
Westin in Inaustry Service, Departrent of Leber, Mieo MAa.
!ALIA.
° c tc4.
met ors
214PLOYMKNT Of 7.70t,tEN
Subject: DISCONTINUANCP,
IN 0110NAN. AR3SNAL3 AND ODNANCii.: PI,ANT .
1.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
TC 3TAT: LP;
The attached papers in regard to the abnve ntmod subject,
are sent you for your reference and information.
•-•••••••••••
CLARA. M.
;UN '1 BRANCH,
Ir4Du 3Tal AL sRV1C.37';CTION
CHI1
Oef/0:.:
.
MEMORANDUM
TO
DISTRICT
OFFICES
NUYBER 11
1. Attention is invited to tht attached correspondence regarding the recent
erder from the .iesttretary of War, that women shall not be e ployed on
contracts for the iiar Department; contrary to State Laws* This is to
hold for Arsenals, as well as for private plants and government-controlled plants.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
e(
A t
CLARA M. TAD, DIRECTOR,
MUMS BRANCH,
INDUSTRia, Si2]*.tiVICE SECTION"
01FICI; OF THE;
OF 0 1)NAN'Al;.
T
WAX PAPAIrilitra?
t‘MilUnteitlett
llovaulloor
Prom
Pe:
irIk!
:z
rotary et eir.,isse 4911
IMISINillOhletoiniestrial
Wier 110
Seetiat, orimeasiDepto
I
herewith a sow of a samigiughia to the
oaroolth row* to the timentitemesee
,uniatant
01 the entglopoont et ammo
In view et thie soldat Seem an aztauterainory noses16
sits sithrto most
lopeitisa awl patellar seatiltlealtewhieh
amid eaureat pont is seeeasseekles that ma ealegtlea
able
wLtth Peugeot le am et tho tissue with
you bore eoutuaete•
Ss
alasee let so Wow at mew* that I say take pligi4111
anise tewavite aetififing
state lagartueste of labor et the
0
4
Of Wary
ehaugee la the yeller et the LOOrf40,
f
11. 100010101111.
ictioGyb oianaL1.1 to the
et the seerstary
A
iii sews
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
*am
Zia
Novoeiber 110144
1811110/0? al co :b4,9
1111101100 ea'
AOStabs* SeimSow of vim*
ostr reqweirts that poi
The
mo the employment of
to Simailistair
is the arseuals of the Depertment.im Geolpiumpet
.
plaste,_01 1111# plarts nesofestrering ramilkies len
kpiarlseeto*Rew oemittlees shish, en sentvery to Ike
Uwe of the Mt** Mare tbe giants ere losete4 ?" to tbe
stets
Preseut time the Depesieent bee selle requests
authorities in sortsia eases Mar sespossift
' lass'WV&
is' lbe OmploymAnt Of AVOWS In eater that predkaitAss night be
iftaresam44
The Prosbiteri Amnia hes ompl
mum
1110101
esibmiwp to the lees of Puuseyttunias In the
epistles the asseseity Opt ens mush settee is sou damsel
with eat be will be glel it it to estiselr lieeomttsued*
tabs
=„111
feu
nasiVe
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
If there ere say portionter geese 'here
mad be mentseslrou the Deportint sit view/4M 11411 be Asa le he** you take them up
U
MOW!' UM,
Ad:mkt seereterro
COPY
November 18„ 1918.
trent
Major B. . Gitohell, chief. industrial ;ervice Softies, °Lice
f of Ordnance.
of the
To:
J. Rosaasohn, Office of the 1111111/141 Secretary or 'aro
Major
229 Jtate .ar and Aavy Bldg., ',11snington,
ubj eat
DIMXINTINUANCN OF SVPLOYMAT OF -0Mail CONTAARY TO ;TO': LAw, IN
A131NA1.S AND OFIDNACe, PLANTS.
ORDNAMC
1.
The me morandum of November 13th to the Assistant •Jocretar7 of Viar
which was forwarded to this office in your letter of November 150
is at WId
2.
it AL'oast12This office concurs in the policy therein outlined
uing the onployment of women in govIrnmeirt arsenals and in
goionnient..o)ntrolled plants, and in plants manufacturing stotpiias
for the *er Departmentonder conditions contrary to 3tate Lay.
1.
,
It is felt that there are o cases of extroardinary neeossity,
caused by special conditions, which would warrant this office reo..
amending that an exception be made.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B. a. GITITELL. CH/ Y.
INAMT111.1
Oi Oqi)%4%Nei,:.
CI
vier: Ji
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.1 6
ro7enber 13, 1918.
MEMORAMUM FOR MR, I1ITP1DICT OtTWELL,
Assistant Secretary of War.
The Secretary of 'ar requests that you take steps
to inmediately discontinue the employment of women either in
the arsenals of the Department, in Government controlled plants,
or any plants manufacturing supplies for this Department, urder
conditions which are contrary to the laws of the states where
the plants are located.
Up to the present time the Department
has made requests upon the state authorities in certain cases
for suspension of the laws regarding the employment of women
in order that production might be increased.
The Prankford
Arsenal has em- loyed women at night contrary to the laws of
'ennsylvania.
In the Secretary's opinion the necessity for
any such action is now dispersed with and he will be glad if it
is antirely discontinued.
If there are any particular cases •:there you think a
discontinua:.ce --(road be unwise, from the Department's point of
view, he will be lad to have you take them up personally with
him.
Stanley King,
sg
GENERAL ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR%
NOV
ER 131 19184
ekt
The Secretary of War requests that you take steps to imiediately
discon tinue the employapnt of women eiter in the arsenals of the Depar4—
•
Men t 'in Goiaernment controlled plant's, or any plants manufacturing supplies
for this Department,,undeecOnditionS which are contrary to the laws of the
states where.the planta hre'located.
has made requests upon the
4,
Up to the present time the Department
tate mithorities in certain cases for suspension
of the laws regarding the enlproymant Of women in Order that production might
o increased.
The Wankford ArDenal has employed woman_at,alat contrary tC
theadws of PennSyliidnia.
In the Secretaryss opinion the necessity for
4
;any such action is now dispensed with and he will be glad if it is entirely
Oseontinued.
•••
-44
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
:o7erib3r 1 ,1919.
'8..jnr P. ;• '21.1,1iy•
71pt :!:12!"?
:77113:AC :
in
?•loeolc., i4r6,ot0r,
(Irvioe•
193.8,
r .-:eymnetml
of Alivistatt ••=eoretary 03%,1144.47.,
of
etnaorzlit
under
eon'Trion
r1,3Prtlirn discentintraroe of
ditiors enntrtagy to the lawn of the :7:tater*
rrst9.1 -117,ro01w.urn iv to •L•estore :-..c).1.11flionv in
TN)
nrie:Inr,1 el"Apro an TENaocribed in each instrkzice by
faotozlos to th
it is uAierstood th..t no
ir-I.1*11 1.n st.oh iwtanoo•
ti,o 4..t lavn
rer:c
for wortga throw:11mA the
71,,n,m
efr..all.
irt
order
at present prohibited
wrAmon„
therefore,
i:
for
rn?!.r.
rlrltt
lonnt'•':v•
,.7.ont....11:.T.„.:
uzth
7
1117:
r
on1,7
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
t.4 10ki to r: sff
47.2,/b6‘,:f4A‘,/,{/14-%
.
War.
Taken to Major Leonard by Miss Van Kleeck, July 23, 1918.
JP117 ?1, 19V.
The SeretAry of lar hereby de3iln%tes the ‘Tew Ynrk
sal Comrleeion
State Industrial Commission and
ni rerreocn.'Itiv,_!s
as his dul7 authorized reprepentative
to cortractc fcr
tC
1)3 1
erformel ir
the War De-artwint, to enroreq
aito
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
r
f
! rovi.sions r! the crntr-v.
•!Ar P
.
Pf th9 .
V8
it th=:
New
Yerl, ftate on hir behalf
(-trcll Is and cort,%ctinr*, officora nf
ami en behAlr of thc
the
rpsrect
0 rk t
•.1 b ta- 5.
e
r
erfored
with
ririr; all ,..,orlt! none
';;.17.1
• -*:.+11 the
December 1?, 1018.
Mrs. Clara MI_Teads
Women's Brare,, Industrial Service Section
Ordnance Department,
Washington, D. C.
My dear Mrs. Toad:
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has received a letter
froT the War nabinet Committee on Women in Industry in London
asking the following questiors to assist the CorwAttee in dealing
with some probll,ns in Great Britain.
1. Do men and omen mgaged, say, on engineers' laboring work always receive the same rate er hour,
regrirdless of output?
2.
Do the twO sexes r(4ce1ve e,lual bonuses or increments
ir respect of . increased cost of livinF or do the
- .cogne that men have generally greater
authorities r rsponsibilities in the matter of oost of living?
3.
Do tho Trade Unions in Amerios allow the introduction of women to do men's work; are there any stipulations as to their removal after the war; is it
anticipated that there will he an increase in female
employr-ont after the war?
4.
How do the actual w,skly earnings of men an' wOmOD
compare when paid on piecework on the same or sinilar
jobs?
Ws are getting together some illustrative material and
wouil greatly appreciate it if you would send frorr. your records
Information, first,regarding government arsenalsond, second,
regarding the privately owned munitions pi:Infs. We fully realize
that the questions are very large, but as you are now preparing
a report on your work perhaps the task of dig- mg out some data
as a basis for answers will not be so difficult as if you werr? in
the Pall swing of administrative activities. I oho- ld be grateful
if you could let me hear from you within a few days.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sincerely yours,
Mazy Van Kleeck, Director.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-r
'4zurnir! itT trotnotg. zo luevatotduit attrizea40 OptsWeft
peel •30tr, sleep /4,;
*0 *a `uce4SalltsiVI
liparististralsi .6
0 Norreacr •snoreamillearld Piezt,
%MO *
•6T6I
•
January 4, 1919.
Mrs. Clara
Tead, Director
Women's Branch, OrdnAnce Denartmeat,
Washington, D.C.
My 'ear Mrs. Teal:
Thank you very much for your helpful co.r.aents on the 1t4ndards.
shall be glad to send you cories as soon as the are received from the
printing office.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sincerely yours,
lazy Van Kleeck, Director
Woman in Iniustry Service.
All communications should be accompanied by carbon copy and addressed to
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
To insure prompt attention,
ln replying refer to
lE99.WATAktotWifetfebtx
WASHINGTON
No. _
Attention of
January 2, 1919.
C 3-6845
Frein:
Office of the Chief of Ordnance, Wamens Branch, Mrs. C.
Tend, Director,
To:
Woran in Industry Service, U. 5 Department of Labor, 209
Southern Bldg., Washington, D. C. Miss M. liganKleeck, Dir.,
F
Subject: STAND,LO.DS MAIM= FOR_IELZEMZZELS_MOZL
S.=
1.
The bulletin of standards governing the employment of woolen
in industry, issued by the Woman in Industry Service of the
Department of Labor, has been received and noted with much
interest. The clear terse statement of the standards will,
I em sure, give the bulletin s. wide influence in affecting
Labor legislation and Industrial prqctice both in this
country and abroad.
2.
Paragraph 2 "Wages" and paragraph 6 "Cooperation of workers
in enforcing the standards" deserve expecial mention because
of the clarity and forcefulness of 1.he statement. I infer
that section 3 under paragraph ls "Hours of Labor", which
states that every woman worker shall have one day of rest
in every seven days, is intended to cover provisions for a
day of rest on Sunday or on Saturday when Saturday is the re...
ligiotas holiday. It occurs to me that there are certain def..
irite advantages in advocating a specific separate Sunday
Labor law, such as is included in the kasse.chusetts code,
section 2, chapter 28, acts of 1902 as amended by Chapter
460, acts of 1904. We have had called to our attention several
instances where Ordnance Arsenals and Ordnance firms have
employed workers on Sunday with the plan of conforming literally to theione day of rest in seven law
by permitting the
worker to take off a day during the week. In the majority of
instances, the management has not taken definite steps to
see that the workers actually rest one day in seven. In short,
it seems that a separate Sunday law(or Saturday when Saturday is
the religious holiday) is mr. additional means of enforcing one
day of rest in seven.
•
S.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
We should very much appreciate having extra copies sent us for
distribution,
47
CLARA M. TEAD, DIRECTOR,
OMENS BRANCH, 0RDN AN CE DEPT.
u"
All communications should be addressed to "The Chief of Ordnance, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C."
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
WOutiugigwrtigarexuxux
In replying refer t, No.
January 2,
19as.
Ft*:
Office of the Chief of Ordaanes, %mess Branch, Mrs. C. M.
Toad, Director,
To:
Woman in Industry Service, U.
Department of Labor, 209
aouthern Bldg., Washington, D. C. Miss M. inartmook, Dir.,
Subject: UANSAMLAMIUMBID NOR TEM WMPLOYMANT
or um
1.
The bulletin of standards governing the amployment of women
in industry, issued by the ftmea in Industry .iorvice of the
Department of Labor, has been received and noted with such
interest. The clear torso statement of the standards will,
I as sure, give the bulletia a wide influence in affecting
Labor legislation end industrial practice both in this
country and abroad.
2.
Paragraph 2 "Wages" and paragraph 6 "Cooperation of 'Porkers
in enforcing the standards" deserves expecial mention because
of the clarity and forcefulness of the statement, I infer
that section 3 under paragraph 1, "Hours of Labor", which
states that every "man worker shall have one day of rest
in every seven days, is intended to cover provisions for a
day of rest on 'Sunday or on aaturday when Saturday is the re.
ligious holiday. It occurs to as that there are certain definite advantages in advocating a specific separate Sunday
Labor law, such as is included in the Massachusetts code,
section 2, chapter 22, acts of 190b as emended by Chapter
460, acts of 1904. We have had called to our attention several
instances whore Ordnance Arsenals and Ordnance firms have
employed workers on Sunday with the plan of conforming liberally to themes day of rest in seven law I by permitting the
worker to take off a day during the week. In the majority of
instances, the management has not taken definite steps to
see that the workers actually rest one day in seven. In short,
it seems that a separate Sunday law(or Saturday when Saturday is
the religious holiday)
is an additional nouns of enforcing one
day of rest in seven.
3.
We should very such appreciate having extra copies sent us for
distribution.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CLARA M. ?SAD, DIXBCTOR,
INDU13 IXAMCH, ORDWANCX DXPT.
Clara M. Teal, Director
Len( E Branch, Or'npince De- art aent,
ashircton, D.C.
My 'lea'. Mrs. Tead:
Thank ycru for se &ling me the .Lemoraniuu4 on Cutting
Cora-ounis as a Cause for Dermatitis. I enclose a copy of a
letter which I %II seniiirg to Dr. Mocker, which mill explain
itself. May I suggest that yo..:1 take the matter up with him
if you thin'‹ it •lesirable to :lave this printoi in the Monthly
Labor Review. I *mill urge that to grr3 the rzetaorarclum more
vulue, at least a partial list of processes in bkr.ich
currirg conr,lounis are -aged, shauli be include:1.
Si merely yours,
Enc.
MVR/L
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Mary V%n Kleack, Director
*man in Industry Service.
,
NOV 2 5 A.M:
ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE ACCOMPANIED BY CARBON COPY AND ADDRESSED TO
WAR DEPARTMENT
CIIIT/jc
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
TO INSURE PROMPT ATTENTION
IN REPLYING REFER TO
WASHINGTON
Uovember 23, 1918
NO.
ATTENTION OP
'Ass LIE.ry Van Lleeck, Director,
man in Industry Service,
U. S. Department of Labor,
Washington, D. C.
4 dear Miss Van Kleeck:
Thank you for your letter of IJovember 21st suggesting that a copy of the memorndum on Cutting Compounds as
a cause for Dermatitis be sent to Dr. ::_eel:er.
I will take up the matter with him and see that a
copy of the memorandum reaches him to-day. I agree with you
that if the memorandum were published it should have an introductory paragraph which would explain the use of Cutting
Compounds in manufacturing processes, and a list of some of
the processes in which it is most commonly used.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sincerely yours,
•
Tead,
Clara
Director, omen's -)ranch,
Industrial _ervice Section.
4•11.•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
October 29,1918.
,
Aeaoran.lua for
MlES van aleecks
In an interview 4th Ir_Tead today she
eaid that the 3oard which has beEm fixing standard wages
forthe aetal trade hi6 handed in its decision which is now
tav
are. Toad underttands that the only state—
has bean talt tej shoull receive
latint of women,
pay for e4un., work.
Arr.Tead suggefrited th.it .erhps you would
call a conference of )eo:le who are interekted in womcm's
wageb which iniLitt torn boae recommenc: tions definingelpal pay
for w.jual work which could be submitted to tIlic 3oard before;
their decioionis flablished.
Mary N. Winslow.
ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD DE ACCOMPANIED BY CAFiBON COPY AND ADDRESSED 70
-C
WAR DEPARTMENT
TO INSURE PROW'," ATTENTION
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
IN REPLYINGAItEFER TO
NO
OT
January 25, 1919
la'
ATTENTION OF
Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director
'joman in - Industry ervice
Department of Labor
206 Southern Building
Washington, D.C.
My dear Miss Van :ler,ck:
Thank you for the 25 copies of "Standards
Governing Employment of
omen in Industry", which
have hen duly reoeived.
he think this will be a
sufficient number for our needk:.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sincerely yours,
Clara hs Tead, -Director
.,omen's Branch
Industrial }_ervice -ectiun
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
October 25,
18.
Mrs. Clara M. Tead,
- 131MM, naustrial Service Section,
women's
Ordnance Department,
Washin‘ton, D. C.
My dear Ur. Toad:
Thank you for yourAaaatatlons on the tentative drat
,overning the employnient of wo,rien in induitry. In
of stvi
:ne revised draft we have made careful diatinction betwe.2n
the
datory and oblizatory regulations, which I think will meet
reise
l
t}
states
some
In
ione.
sugget
your
point of several of
manu1ations wIll be higher standards than the state laws. The
such
and
ts,
contrac
the
in
i
incalude
be
datory provisions will
be
federal officials a?‘ thn members of the WoTenis Branch will
ts.
contrac
the
of
lls
provisIn
expected tr., eriforca these
Sincerely yours,
MVK:IMP
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4ary Van Kleeck, Director,
Woman in Industry Service.
e-elNwrKza;
LMAA
(k-vtiA7
4tAt.
"
CtItt-c-JeL.-D3
et1)(ta4/:,
144t.Aa‘t
ati%
AA-ay
Lc4titLa
r‘
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(
crc4
Form No. 2660 4
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
INTRAOFFICE MEMORANDUM
FOR USE WITHIN THE ORDNANCE OFFICE ONLY
DATE
FROM:
NAME
BUREAU OR DIV.
SECTION
BUREAU OR DIV.
SECTION
TO:
NAME
SUBJECT:
NO CARBON COPY AND NO RECORD REQUIRED. PEN OR PENCIL MAY BE USED.1—sets
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
All communications should he accompanied by carbon copy and addrecsed to
WAR DEPARTMENT'
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
To insure prompt attention,
in replying refer to
PRODUCTION DIVISION
WASHINGTON
No.
Attention of
October 18, 1916.
—68,16
• From:
To:
Womens Branch, Industrial Service Section.
Ordnance Dept.,
Woman in Industry Service, Department of Labor.
Subject: Tentative Draft of Standards Governing the Employment
of /"omen in Industry.
At the request of the Woman in Industry Service of the
Department of Labor, the following comments are submitted
on the "Tentative Drafy of Standards Goverriing the Employment of Women in Industry's
2.ENFORCEMENT
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(a)
It is understood from the memorandum that the
standards, therein set forth, are to be enforced
by various government bodies, including the War
Industries Board.
(b) It is also understood that those "standards already
adopted by the State Departments of Labor" are asas basis for the standards therein
sumed
set forth; and that in each state an official of
the Labor department will be the agency through
which these recommended standards will be enforced.
(c)
It is not understood how there can be practical
enforcement of standards and real application of
the policy upon which the standards of based, when
these proposed standards aresin many vital respects,
in excess of the standards maintained by State law,
for example page 3, paragraph 7 -"the working week
should not exceed 48 hours". A 48 hour reek for
women is enforced by one one state in the Union California.
(d) If there is to be a distinction between the standards which are mandatory and those which are advisory, such distinction should be clearly stated.
(e) It is the opinion of the Womens Branch that the
most needed thing is a clearly defined statement
..2..
of uniform minimum standards for all states, with a
clearly defined means of enforcing these minimum
standards, rather than a program of maximum standards, many of which it wf..,uld seem must necessarily
be suggestive, rather than mandatory.
5. HOUR
An eight hour day is the working period toward which industrial practice should be pointed. It is not understood how it
can be enforced as mandatory for women in industry at this
tiro°.
4, OVERTIME
It is agreed that the total working day, including overtime,
should bot exceed ten hours for women workers.
5. REST PERIODS
The advisability of rest periods especially for monotonous
repitition work, involving concentrated attention, is becoming
clearer day by day. It is felt that rest periods should be
established in accordance with the mature of the work, rather
than by arbitrary law.
6. TIME FOR MEALS
The memorandtim states that a three-quarter lunch hour is necessary time for a meal period. Should not the length of the
meal period be adjusted to the total length of the working
period? For example, when the total actual working period
is 7-1- hours, it is felt that under good working conditions,
a thirty minute lunch period may be adequate.
7. HALF-HOLIDAY ON SATURDAY IN WINTER
Should be advisory rather than mandatory.
8. CNE DAY REST IN SEVEN
Should be mandatory as it stands.
9. WEEKLY HOURS
48 hour working week should be held up for industrial pracy
tice, It is not felt that it can be absolutely mandator
only
is
there
when
nt
at this time by the Federal Governme
one state enforcing a 48 hour week for women in industry.
10. NIGHT WORK
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Statement approved as it stands.
-3-
11. wApEs
(a) Basis of Determinatio
It is not clear what is meant by "recognition of the
importance of women's wages in maintaining the standard of living of the family."
(b) ECualjA.Y.-2f VIMWILINL2
The statement allows for a reduction of wages where
employment of women increases labor cost, but, it
does not limit the amount of the reduction.
12.
UNIFORq
It is felt that the wearing of a uniform and cap should be
involcompulsory for women employed on machinery, and on work
ving contact with dust and poisonous materials.
13.
EMPLOYMENT OF MINORS
Statement should be mandatory as it stands.
14.
HOME WORK PROHIBIT7D
Should be mandatory as it stands.
ng
These comments on the tentative draft of the "Standards Governi
in
the
Woman
by
ed
submitt
y,"
the Employment of Women in Industr
respectIndustry Service of the Department of Labor, are hereby
fully submitted.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
114 T i r-.!
CLARA M. TEAD, DIRECTOR,
MMENS BRANCH, INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SEC.,
ORDNANCE DEPT.
Oirteber lie tele.
ram:
%mu. aremeho ladsstrial Servin Softies.
Onuses Dept..
To:
ireson is Isdostry Sersiee, Deportaseit of labor.
Subject: Tentative Draft ef ataadards Governing the MOplopmemt
of 'omen in Zodostry.
X.
4$ the request if the limn in Indmetry Service if the
lispartnent of Labor, the following ',Rosati are admitted
Ss the ninective Dray of Siesdoodo flOveraing the Nis
plemat of tfases in Industry)
.
1.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1110111111E
(a) It is IMIdereteod fres the soserusdiai that the
otesdarde, therein set forth, an to be AlWNW
by serious getrommiert beams, tielading the liar
Sodastries
(a)
It is also umdsrstoed that thou "etandairds already
adeptod by the 3tate DspotrUsaito of Labor" are se..
easod
as basis for the standards therein
sot forth; and that in each state an offioisl of
the Labor daparhsert sill be the agency thrill.
whish these rosommended standards sill be saforeed.
(a)
It is net understood hew there can be pras4isal
oaforsesent of stomdards and real applisatien of
the palsy upon shish the standards of based, 'hem
thin proposed stamdarde *min mmhy vital resposis„
in excess of the stsoidardesainteised by State Is,
for onample page $, paragraph 7 **the wertiag week
ehesid sot exceed 4$ hours". A 4$ hear week for
wanes is enforced by me one state in the Oaken California.
(d) If there is ti be a distinction bstwosa the standards shish are readistety and these shish are adviSory. eta distinction Obsuld he clearly stated.
(411) It is the
of
the
.144411
ihtlitgesdifin tatit meat
nest seeded
"*"'
of uniform minima standards for all states, with a
slimily defined mesas of eaforoiag thews minium
standards, rather then a program of menimma stamp
dards, many of ehish it would Dom moot assosearily
bo yuggestive, rather than mandatory.
a* WM
An sight hour day is th*) *whims period toward *shish imdastri.
oi prattles should be pointed. it is not understood hew it
sem be onforood as mandatory for wenn in industry at this
time.
4• MMUS
it is egrood that ths total working der, inoluding overtime,
should hot *need ten hours for velem workers.
5.
AELFAUSLa
IB
The advisability a rost periods especially for atiallt41111111US
ropititiom wort, involving oessentrated attention, is beesming
elearor day by do. It is felt that rest periods *Mould be
established in accordanco with the nature of the work, rather
than by arbitrary law.
6. lartiViktA_Ita
hour is noo.
The matorantaa states that a throesquarter
Hoary time tor a meal periods Sheuld not tho length et the
seal poriod be adjusted to the total length of the working
period? For mumple, when the total actual working period
is 7* hours, it is fait that undor good working conditions,
a thirty minute leash period may bs adequate.
7. takEdjapAUKAIL...41,_upw
IN WINTER
Should be advisory rather than mandatory.
11*
amid
9
aladatory as it stands.
IIISILIIPA
46 houn working weak should be hold up for industrial practice. It is not felt that it can bo absolutely mandatory
at this tine by the Fauna Goveniment when there is only
one state enforcing a 48 hour week for vow in industry.
10.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Statement approved as it stands.
U.
MUM
(a) AlUdJULt....NAIIILM/1114.
It is not clear what is meant by *recognition of the
importance at asses'il wages in meintainimg the standard of living of the family."
(b) 41MAMIL1LEMILtiatt
The statement allows for a roductiOn of wages 'bore
mrploymont of women increases labor cost, but, St
doss not limit the amount of the mimetic*.
lie
Mint'
It is felt that the wearing of a uniform and cap Ohould be
compulsory for vases employed on machinery. mnd OR verb
involving contact with dust and poisonous materials.
U.ativi4DTkENT OF M10115
Statement should be mandatory as it stands.
14.
gomg wpwpaolumv
Sim14 be mandatory as it stands.
Timm eimmonts am the tentative draft of the Iltandstrds Governing the 11144.70
at of Women in Industry", submitted by the %man in Indmstry Sorvioo ef
the Department of Labor, are hereby respectfully submattod.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CLARA V. MD, DIRECTOR,
11010111 BRANCH, SOU3TRIAL SKHVICE SICTION,
OMANI DEPT.
'he r ,solution concerning the maintaining in ravy
Yards eat Arannals, of the standards of labor roommiended by ederal
In acknowledgement of
aCencies, yes sent to the Secretary of ar.
this the following letter was received&
lAZ-224 1=114—
Washington*
October 26, 1918.
/Ass Mary Andersen,
Assistant Direetor, 'tornado in Industry Service,
Department ef labor,
'ashingten, D. C.
IV dear Miss Anderson:
The Secretary of ar has asked me to acknorledge your
letter dated October 19th.
He has asked me to thank you ,. :or y.ur
courtesy in enclosing copy of the resolution submitted .by 71134. nurY
P Scully, of the American Federation of Labor, at the recent conference
held by the - man in lnctastry Service. lie matters contt:,ined therein
are enuaginc his present attention*
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
disliking you for givinc his this op:ortunity of ()amine:
touch 1,qt:a the sentiment of the conference.
..,incerely yours,
liT11:3
KII 13.
stvnley King
ecretary
Private ecretary to the 6Ic
of -ar.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
October 29, 1918.
D.
Captain
Ordnance Denarth-Jent,
Washington, D.C.
',Ty dear Captain Reiley:
Tnank you for your contents on the tentative
draft of standards governing the employment of Amen in
industry. These have been revised ani are not yet in
final form but a cony will be sent you as soon as possible.
Oincgrely
MVK/ALL
Mary Van Kleeck, Director
Wcgaan in PrOustry
36/
All communications should be accompanied by carbon copy and addressed to
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
To insure prompt attention,
in replying refer to
PRODUCTION DIVISION
ADR/meh
WASHINGTON
No. _91i/1
Attention of
J-7
//
October 22, 1918.
Capt. k. D. Reiley
From:
Major B. H. Gitchell, Industrial Service
Section, Safety & Sanitation Branch
To:
Miss Mary Van Kleek, Director, Women in
Industry Service, Department of Labor.
Subject:
Standards covering the Employment of
Women in Industry.
1. I am in receipt of above standards, and have
gone over them very carefully.
2. The ones which seem to be of special interest to
under
this particular Branch are under 111, Nos. 1,3, & 4;
3. The comment which I would have on your main
ision II, Workino: Conditions, is that I cannot make out
whether it is your intention that the precautions and safeguards laid down as necessary must be done and completed
before women can be employed. The same daubt exists in
by
regard to your main Division V1, Replacement of Men
the
Cannot
s.
Women, and Sub-division 2, Removal of Hazard
occupa
the
to
s
introduction of women and removal of hazard
tion proceed simultaneously?
4. In our frequent talks on the matter, I had thought
that was possibly your idea in the majority of instances.
I
b. As to V1-1-C, Foot Pedal Operation of Machinery,
but
women,
on
has
this
confess I do not know what effect
somewill be very much interested if you could let me know
up
come
will
it
thing in regard to the matter, as I assume
in the course of my work in the future.
6. I think Vlml-K very much taageneral, and cannot
mqke out whether you maintain that women should not be emwhich these dangers exist, or that
ployed in any plant
they should be removed before women are employed. If the
two,
latter, this seems to be covered also by Sub-division
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
NIP
MOP
already commented upon.
7. Thank you very much for giving me the opportunity
to go over this, and hope I shall have the pleasure of
seeing you in the very near future, as there are some matters which need to be taken up.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B. H. GITCHELL,
Ord. Dept., U. S,,A.
By:
A. D. REILEY,
Cap t., Ord. Dept.,
•
.
•
,••••,71•CliC
"r_TI
,Tuly
)4y
. Taal t
At the request o
Miss Tar KJe
yr.,1) fratorial ir ri),.arc! to Air!t Itionnsr
to us
lr":.
%fr..--
711eGo w-R
tho
is,rt t
a Mi.i.
Ino serlirg
T r"1:1'.•3
eor-iried
,
Soci-.1"1Prkorsn' '
"xcharTe.
vou bec.-19se vu alrmAly hutve thnsn
cp) Vie rlith
'
'1r- tell,
1 ifis Van vieleits
Sfte
'”.0eoto1', Iror,entv .riustry Ser114.C.
Prr. C.14.1.7,41..•
1
Irit
Sertioe Section,
v'rr-eti's
()minima Depeirtrant.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
!Al.
WOUN IN IIIDU6July 25,
,
King:
T. am forwarding the raterial abc;ut Alma 1Tiesner
7,11-r's
L.,nd Agnes Byrnes to Yrs. Toad, Acting Dirocto: of the
Yave
both
:hit
f2..noh ir Vle Crcinnnce Depart:rent, as T thl,.;
furthr.r
the
o
tAve
been urrier consideraUon there, r am ;larl
inforraticr about visa RoblArs, hu T ar also .,1E0 to eaT, that
4-4;e exir-pnce
I have a ‘ecretary. I ar ter,,Toro ieturt,11
I
hal
od
noorpto
from Vies Ncumhton
I
frr Wiss Rebbirs.
that Miss Robbire warted a resition as investigator and ro' as
she hte changed Ye/. mind.
secretary, but
Tr. our Oar of Tork here ve shall hr, able to have
inereconly a sva31 staff, ant': ve shall noi orptno4c
fiot,1 force. All inereotion Rork is to be dove for all divisions
i,. the DelArtment (A' Labor urder tho iirectior of l(r. Fthelbert
Chief of tYs newly orrized Insreetion and Inve6tim,aLion Service. For the staff of the Wowen in In6ustry Berv 4.ce
*3 shall used a group or experts who will. constitute a emirission
womereii work to develop rolicies rather than to 7ake
investigations.
7ith heurty thanks f(,r t:411 the efficient work you
have done in helpinq me to. ortanize the stLrr in the ',;r1n..alce
Depurtment, bGlievo me
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sincerely yours,
Director, "omen in Industry Service.
Mrs. Sdith Shattn King,
National Social Workers' Iftahanp;e„
13C mast Twenty-second Street,
New York City.
National forial
:0 orkrrs'
Exrliangr
(AGENCY)
Mn.
130 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET
EDITH SHATTO KING
MANAGER
TELEPHONE GRAMERCY 4916
NEW YORK CITY
July 17, 191c.
Miss Mary Van vleeck,
1526 17th Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.
My dear Miss Van Kleeck:
Mr. Edwards has just telephoned me that he will
be in Washington on Thursday and Friday of this week, and
that he will try to get in touch with you and Miss Byington. In case he could not be able to reach you, if you
would be willing to leave a message with Mr. WM. Knowles
Cooper, 1736 G Street, N. W. Washington Y.M.C. A, as to
where you could be reached, he would be very much obliged.
He wishes very much to talk over the possibilities tent
face the Exchange.
I want to take this opportunity also, to tell you
about Miss Alice Wiesner. I will enclose references for
her. I had lunch with Mr. Glenn yesterday, and he wanted
me to tell you about Miss Matilda Robbins, as he said he
had mentioned her to you. She is both an excellent secretary and an industrial investigator. I think I have already
sent her references to you, but I will enclose an experience
sheet for her. As she is familiar with industrial conditions
she would quite a remarkable person to have.
I am enclosing an experience sheet and a quotation
from Miss Kingsbury about Miss Agnes Byrnes, also.
Sincerely yours,
Manager
HSK.FC
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
VVA F1
DEPAR -r- m E N -r,
July 24, 1919.
Lly dear Lass Anderson:
Your letter of July 11, relative to conditions at Camp
Curry, was somewh:A delayed because it was addressed to rlr. Stanley
King, who has left the War Department and has been rusticating at
Martha's Vineyard.
Camp Curry is not a military camp, nor is it under the
control of the War Department, bIlt is maintained by the Interior
Department for the entertainment of visitors to the Yosemite Valley.
Cordially youre,
rie (
Ralph Hayes,
Private Secretary.
Miss Mary Anderson,
Assistant Director Women's Bureau,
U. S. Department of Labor,
Washington, D. C.
rg
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
41
rtt3--tiL
Women's Div
ision
Industrial
Service sec
t
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
vt)
ion.
)
ick,v‘
0M8
waak 10,10, °etas, 2* 1916.
Pres:
Mara mi. lea', Milos 1410014F of
Indua_m
triSastegir Motion* Proicuotiiii D-ivisiiE.
ft:
Major S. M. Oilehell, Chief of In4setria1 Berrie.
Seetion, Preisettem _division.
saajwit:
Ulric of nissmasS irmash, Industrial 3ervies Sestims,
ter weak online (Weber 2* 191ts.
DASTOOT MICAS
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
T.
Boston Distriet 0ffio•
1.
Mrs. L. B. Banisal is shares.
731,040 *Irk
!warless btaan Osage & Valvo Mfg. Co.
Visit
made reiative to mortals &wages to be made
for the establishment of • firsti.aid room.
Rem Amami tfestinehoess 0o. ro. produatien gut.
flealtles and sover time emplaynent of mom
imepoeters.
uew Rome dewing Sasidise Co.
To follow imp
reseasentialless proileas4 mate.
Simplot SloSinle Neatimg Co.
Ousserniag use
Armes* Its beaters ter Towle !Maas, Inas.
sovtgfield Aircraft Serperstisit.
fle ineestlw
late hews of /labor* stall are SO per melt.
fit request of Capt. Lathers).
Vermont Fern %aim o. Relative to possible
ample/rasa% of WOMB is tho spring. (Ametheir
visit te be MR60 in "unary).
2*
AttlE.Latt
Wt. Beam" hog sentereses with Major 4,0,14 awl
Mr. Jalth of the Starling Meter Oar Compel,
oonseralse night poralt for worm
0166,
Ii.
Chloapo Axtriet Gatos
1.
*SO Amkr L.is 011args.
ltant
AUtO
Mame* Oamparir,Itilsaikoss .1.14,401111
St MEM 04Rmweasisat imposters reArtot
Wissessia Iseasirial Commission in violatiss
of the Wiasimasin lows.
Various Brass Ossosmn Sioasha,
Marisa* Stool & Machinery 0011WW# Min Mila•
Ills
Amplormont et worm groin delve'.
larrott Slossfielmrine co,
gribbes ast Swiss Ompapy.
Sol* Xt., Compows Awls, Ill.
Illinois Millailas trims Compapv.
lasaialo IlionterliarimeOs..Widise't• !ad'
Nertiors SlSSanatealluriag Compagy, 4aikopon,
stinotypo Oompapr, Isliaaripaill, Ind.
Ompapp, Mosso, Ill.
seterit Cortriago Osapapr, .ilton, Ill.
stale/es 6 IS
2,
coriffromogs
contoromo milk division heaths, to mot Naar
401111i411 isk4,is to Topless Maier 3oar/04
Ilis lotto, is amigos* Is oworsoss sorriss•
Combining* is 1Wo offiss of Illinois !Mistrial
Serfows
Staff ~somas wills ass Troia Copp at'
etammets !Mistrial Commissions
ITT.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Oinoimati Ustriot Offloe.
sharp,.
1.
Miss Aditb Campbell in
23ant tiork
Oran* k Brea Minutaelmring (A.
Visit mad* is
reopens to a rislaost for inforosItes To.
ludAraig.
Marecrtie 0110.11111. Sas miss is Maw
Mama at the Omit eat wiU espr000nt
Wommiss arms44 mi will Is ow Peressmlir
work with mem employees.
)
." ollak Stool compopy.
women's work in labors/Am
tory is very satisfaotorrs POVIO is to to
inereased to ten.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
*So
(*1."Oaftines NNW
liedors rweata Gonossy
Suinsi J. NM*lie sad clasymy
(allow kres• S Isistrealice Co.
Creel 1101401 1
& PisigeOasq
(7rimpla1i.eWIs & lee illooidas
esporisnift
These tirne sore visits.,
tics far woman in ***Visas vol.
turns in this Distrist are Vint tho 'Mt is
se tell heavy so& mei a astir, Is by adepts"
te women*
2.
.04astir01.10,
a.
be
la Oolinibus, on inglaotion of isms into-4a.
dkastry, issitar dirostiou of Cassmailv Labor
Nardi.
Oeateresee with }abort
WOW Sag Rs"
frost at Is ininstrial Ocomissisa„ talLiase.
pais, ro• request mai. fur assistause is
supervisies Islam is istlistry is ragisaspells.
Tv..
S.
Visits' wassaike lasesk of Cbies
Haitiit„
of
•
Ire
fie* orsoaSsation
SO IMMINIVe
sal tile wrote%
41.
nrs..hrilliir Om of labtastrial Ossidision for
laterustion re. the situation at the Smite
lista Conpsny.
cievelaat Distriet offtim.
1.
Kies Vary Oilsos la sitar's,.
.Elast grAlq
itisnoni Alkali Gamow. 't'ainoririllo, Ohio.
61111101111 Firepreefing Compaq!. Thew tieW13• Oki a.
lin Dors iron works
his Torre *whim & Pousir, Co.
I.
a•
Wales Sitabas, Sado, 1,41tor of the lieroliend
News Leade; r. publisity ter lila lama
?mists, and. Dilutios derriss•
b• tt. • Y.,• Stoeolcloiat Produrtion ass at Marion,
oonooraing situation at Atriums litookinstry r!0.
c. capt. Gee ors,
D.of the Luspootioa Division,
.640%
Isimpneakt eassomilas IMI• aladspnas or
alma la MA likriee
41.*
ve
Olevelaal Obeibur at Cammarsa. Welk* of
/raining mai Vitalise elemittips•
Dielrolt District OMNI*
Mies Obarlolle an* in sharp,*
alpit Noric
1.
itriasso Mater
I Aksen Naaiti=araties
U1
.**A . arks
Sparks, 71.thiag _tail Coweig
These Oasts flail* la re. intradiaation at sum
warkare.
Parish Inuadastiriag 04.1,1M, is Ti. emPUMON
girl ehaakeral air* time 10 Mars par der.
Visited at revisal if vri Parlay, tereama*
l
Delrott Shoal Ompanr, ry. •1141171/sat
wawa.
mouriimailWahlaa 0 rparatiae* goesrat inapostipa
at plants
I.
alatoreas011
ar* ghemays. roiluatits MAM4641, iLogiansa, Miakigans
rr. Isligtar„ lamer, Ti. :111010a Asamgasluisre apt
Oseariag women remits*
lr.
presid*at at the Saslow Maailisa
Oarlsratisso re* the plosive at anyriel amen
is plisals•
Min AMIN* Itsrasrlp at lhe adellfther leeparatieut
reseriiag the eaplagasallinsaisaineit sears*.
'TT.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Titilatelphis Distrist Wise •nag Lftio• lernial in
there*.
ie
ktI
ealla•hon Lasalle c**, Mormosatta, Dal*, Ti. prase's'
semi' at amass aaparvisew and argmaisaties if
semsn's laparlmsnt.
miming34m,
Co,) Ira argiaisatiaa
1=jrlastie
met darer Iments.
ageip-
luI
2.
coallrens04
Dotoriniantion of staints of IndusWisl *Irvin*
•
be
14.
Wee tog, mr. JiM411, and Major Groom, roe
1111101100atoltin of requests for nispbt 'perk far
41111441.4110 Oasts.
Voilatkom Ism Ado ..egtor
UMW* 3teel one tvitwoaso o
employ wawa emirt3s la
es roquoot to
iserthisites Pow & Sohohluory Corposstisa (easo)•
Stow Ordain* lierperatiou( ammo)
VII.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Otenotito
1.
Psysidowit Arwood
his
is /bets* is eihorgo•
LIS wows Isksm es this melt.
roses tut to sight shifts.
Post of tho osaberet appliosats sootitsod to
amtiosr wmPk• This suisksiropis moms the loss
of six mole esrofsl soloolism, is trying to
fill tho ussomslos with intolligost **lore&
maw lasportsys•
WM.
UR&
belk
Sisht orrse to be oblabooa.
of tooth roporto& Tory troo& on
s4ht and itay shifts.
esirt• Itook will sooty, s;im ape dolls% to
modas girls.
1110 ospleiroes sat with, inflesmsag ems &oath
free 111
,
forms
sempoist asa seam& for scsomel
lbreellest malts osposto& as roosts
amismelair intimoiame am& ossomegiss
to Anorillo riles of safely sal sari rega
=
heelik•
t
fli
Nina in erns obrop
at is a belly to
Die ft& ismsalko& Uglier pow. Tory
lkSal omit **operative am& dosorvimir of
imeressos
War Poo Inmate to moo them as helpers at
first* miss t1611118 taw mot +SAC
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.40
2.
1r "iv
Ulm Hass Bryan in cliwirgo•
Sanas kern. boon introtmeed into annealtien losdp.
ing plant to work as saleable,' es Mark V,
trona Ilrive fano aal temeperate
21 drill.
lacatableae. Roworie Mew eatiegietion,
glib *Teal pqr.
women es bles print maekines reesnmenkod•
Atm** Nunn rotempaing bilker estrum*
wogs for *flies girls.
liroomproils esd ereilkillitair TOM be bean *quip's'
osier this oaservisiss at Mawr nark anSWe
Rot Crone =roes.
Work
OR
ars lurisli rose has stortsi.
Wsiferzs at blaskMUM skirt an" Ruaelia bless,
have boon alLepted at 04.404. Mite
NIA
sellar to to worn sith this suit.
Minstrel skew lots, plannoi.
S.
. via. isirearst Elliott in
*SW 0001161
1110.
•
lu rer41t has been roosivet Is date.
4.
jam,
'Mired Telling in
In:reaming gopher of applicants noesositatos
Ineerviosias at g*to.
New she, ie wAr somplirtion, the giantism of
whie4 axe ostellant.
difisPewlinsat iö 'toast Salmliar sfininOsii
sal all day Jnake, for Um first I. •Atli
"ins es* a bait, bet se Wailer van give' the
telleibig week. Sisk lees of time Is web.
from oli Shop is givis SMOU04,
ywMOStrarippartnest 361 seven wens awe retest
WS, to 44; One madame Operate, es
pleyei st 41;.
Olars Me fest,
Astima Amster Womos's Brusek,
Indusirial Jervis* amities,
October 25, 1A.8.
MEMORANDUM
FOR:
Mrs. Clara M. Tead, Director, Women's Branch, Ordnance Department.
SUBJECT:
Items in weekly reports.
, ending October 2n9
1. _4 noteisielg rePqrt for tie wee!
that the represeniiaves of the Women's Branch in the Cincinnati District
office have reached a decision that acetylene welding is too heavy and
rough work for woelen. It would b» of greet value to us if the women's
Brach woul : prepare a brief reoort on this subject. If the basis is
sufficient it would be desirable to issue a statement at once which
would be sent through the Emoloyment Service and brought to mblic
attention in other ways, to prevent the employment of wo,ren in this
process.
2. Will you inform Miss Cahpbell and Miss Hewes that our
Com•ittee on Hazardous Occupations is directing u survey of the plants
in East Chicago, Indiana, at the request of the Industrial Co!Lmission
)tblic
of Indiana?and the Governor. Dr. Paul M. Holmes of the U. S.'
of
Chamber
in
the
is
office
Health Service is in charse and his
Comerce, 720 Chi-cago Avenue, Rooms 8-9, yast Chicao, IndianaI suppose that this =nes in Miss Hewes' district, but as I note that
Miss Campbell has been having conferences with representatives of the
Indiana Industrial Coarission she may wish to be informed of this,
especially as th.e 7,evernor and the Commission wish to extend this survey
to ot'ner places in Indiana. We shall want whatever cooperation the
women's Branch is prepared to give us in this work. I shall be in
Chicao on the 23rd of November and in Cincinnati shortly afterward
and shall be able to go into furtc.er details bot. with Miss Hewes and
lies Campbell.
3. In the Detroit District office I note that Miss Hine
nas been conferring regarding the placing of married women in the
JacLcson Munition Corporation. It would be very helpful to us to
know what decision M1e3 Hine has reached on this as an important
question of policy.
4. In your report for the week ending September 26th I
note that the Boston District office has made a study of the
Vestibule School maintained by Gray & Davis, ant that Miss Cae.pbell
reports the organization of a Vestibule School in the Peters Cartridge
Corn any. If t ere are any conclusions from these investigations we
should welcome them in connection with the whole policy of training
women. In the same report we note that Miss Hine has made an investi-
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
—9
Aft —
an Car and Foundry CoTany,
gation of equal pay for equal work in the Americ
findings. ihe
these
and we should be glad to have information about
at
Watervliet
330
al3o note the reduction of rates for women from
as the representaTully
Arsenal. Has t-ia met with the approval of Major
Board?
es
tive of the War Department on the War Labor Polici
for you to have
5. As a method of procedure is it convenient
from us to the district
us ask you to transmit ingOrias of t':11i kind
ly with your district
offices, or would you prefer to have UA deal direct
offices, filing copies with you?
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Mary Van Kleecic, Director,
Woman in Industry Service.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
c_
C41
OSH are
Week ing September 2E, 1918.
From:
Clara LI. Tead, Actint- All:or of
Industrial Service itectic
Llajor B.
Section.
Subjeot:
omen's Branch,
GiteLell, Ch:of Industrial Service
V;ork of Omen's 73ranch, Amtrial ervice
for week ending :":onternbe!5, 1916.
ection,
DISTRICT OF2IC:j2
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I.
.Bston District Cffice 414. L.
1.
rlant
. :antoul in charge.
)rk
Gray
Davis. Staiof Vestibule Echool.
American team Gail. Follow up on recommendations previouy made for woman employment.
manager and hber wage.
Standard Thermomet Co. Recommendations for
employment mower, rest room, toilet facilities and incased wage.
New Home Sewing iisitne. Pollow up reoommendations
previously mat•
2.
Conferences
Lajor Lyford
right vork for women at
U. S. Cartridge .-24
Liassacusette ',:arr.i.ergency Industrial 3oramision
regarding i)ornit or atorlini7
IT.
Chicago District Offie 1.
Am;; 7.ewes in char,
ilant 4ork
;J:0Cord
Company,West zullman, Illinois. RegardJ. Clark.,
ing Visit mde at request of L16.
to
reference
upecial
Ammunition lanager, with
among
illness
heating of shop because of much
women welde7s. Twice reported unsatisfactory
Former violation of
by Ztate Ilw)ector.
ehilThbor taw aajusted but reoommendations
of T:lomen's Branch received no attention.
2o Major B.
Gitohell
2
.L: a
9/25As
American steel & Usehining Company. At request of
fety & Sanitation ammager and Resident Director this plant was inspeeted by Use Ring.
They desire her to organise employment of
women who are to be taken on in Ootober.
40
Conftrenoes
Viathington conference oceasioned absence of :Arpervisor and laCkl i.novlton until r::e2tember El.
Ass 2nowlton resommends mechanical conveyor to
eliminate ooration of hell rollinr by unskilled
3.,ersonnol
Ftaff Increaune:
:thuAvis
expert in amployment
managemont.
iliac Anne Yates, expert in industrial
qgralologr.
Asn Gertrude Byuyn, in training for
district eul.4rviaor.
III.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Cincinnati Astriot Office
1.
Ilant (Jrk
2eters Cartridge
school begun.
E.
lass .dith Campbell in charf-e.
Organisation of vestibule
astattstal
atioz,a1 Conventkm of 'ublie ,loymont .anaers,
two daye.
Ur. Vanderbilt regarding urgent need of woman suiier.
visor at :.'eters Cartridce Co.
Er. Christy, Department of Auoation regardine adVisitillty of training women for acetylene welding.
Variaus applicants regarding positions as supervisor at l'eters Cartridge Co., with United States
Bureau of 7Abor 2tatistiosV inquiry on wet of
living; and in Federal '.mployment Lervioe.
Arrival of ..rs. ,:lorire for L;torviaw ooncerni:T her
aPPciAY)ont on ,,,rein!,.nce ;let.
-3-
To Major
. T.
IV.
Cleveland District k;ffice
1.
itcLel1.
0 -/arzi
00/18
-iss Lary Gilson in charge.
:lant Work
WarDer
Swasey. Visit gave occasion to follow up
criticisms made by students of preliminary
dmployment Lanagers course.
Winston Corn .any - at request of Employment iitanager
to advise with him concerning previsions to
be made for women in new tripod shop.
American Lultigra,h Com-)any.
r,
Confereees
F. .... aamsey, Zroduction Assists:A of Cleveland
District Office cothcernnr training forewomen in
factories.
Lt. Lchjiliaris of Industrial ervice :ioction of
Aircraft Production regarding cooperation with his
section.
Lauretta Bean and Wos. Donkin, District De .uties,
Industrial Commission of ‘,hio regarding enforoinrlaws relative to women on grinding operations.
Attended two conferences of g. 3.
vice.
3.
mployment `'or-
-ersonnel
Use Gilson in Cleveland regarding Kmployment LienavomeAt course in Roche2t3r.
V.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Detroit District Office - Liss narlotte rineg in charge.
1.
lant Work
American Car 4; Foundft Co. to investigate equal pay
for equal work at recucet of LIrs. Rantoul.
American seating Company at request of Liss VanKIeek
to investigate working conditions and rates of
pay at Grand Rapids.
Grand Rapids Brass Comany at lass ';anKleek's request.
Grand Rapids Brush Comany, at roc:nag-A of Liss Van
Aluminum Castings Co.
Continental Lotors Co.
Lincoln. Lotor Co.
lo Major B. L. CTitchell
-4-
0,71i/arz*
9/25/18
Conferences
Miss Leree, Industrial -ection, Y. J. C. A. who
will direct club work in Atroit plants.
1,1r. Euyette am' JaAjor Cmston, Assistant Chief and
2roduction LanaEer regarding reorganization of Industrial :ervice ';J)ction in this district, also
regarding conditions at Jackson, Lich.
Mr. T. 2. Myers; Eew Manager of Industrial Service
Section in this district, regarding work of omen's
Division and future develvmert.
VI.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
- ouise Cornell in
Philadelphia District Jffice - Miss L
charge.
1.
ilants Visited
Taeony Ordnance Corporation.
woodbury Loading (lom ,any.
2.
CoAferencos
zroduction officers regarding susiension of night
work law on government contracts.
Et. Dickey, Mr. Robinson 2nd 14eut. Brown regarding night work axemrtion for ?cony Ordnance Corporation.
. Employment 'ervice to avoid duplication of
plant inspection.
1,i
Cq
Finnitation Faction, regarding
3afAy
,;orporation, ilkes-Barre,
ing
Fabricat
intornaional
Women's Branch, 4ashington, regarding Worthington
Machinery
.,umori)
State Department of Labor ! Industry regarding exemptions in sreeific establishments.
3.
Personnel
led88 Ltevens(n Lral,ted tvo vee;:s leave due to illness.
_jar 3. r. Gitchell.
.T
strz
9/25/18
Miss B;dley, iomen's Branch, assigned. to Alladelphia ,ffici-MiTtil-ruvember 1, 1918.
ARBEFALS
I.
Prankford Arsenal - Liss Jeane Hughes in charge.
Cafateria - arrangement by amergency Aid very unsuccessful. Food is stale and drinks cold.
Dot servod at cost. Eew cafateria needs more
exrionced people to manage it.
ubstitutions of women - Colored women to be replaced by iolish women, due to a,read of dissatisfaction on part of the former, in laboratory, paint shop, tool cribs in the small
arms, and in transportation del artment.
Sanitary Arrangements - Small Arms toilet compartments for women are still without doors.
Facilities must be increased to accomodate incoming women.
Requisition made for :(,st doctor.
night shift.
Liuch needed on
Island Arsenal - Liss :elen Bryan in charge.
II.
Eo report received to date.
III.
atertown Arsenal - Ides 14argaret 711iott in charge.
1.
.Jlants employing v!omen around Boston visited for
suggestions, regarding general problems of
hours, rates, employment, sanitation, etc.
7Amployment of trained nurse at .ost Hospital, pend)with physical examinations and
ing, to hel,
to have charge of rest room in Recreation
Building under oonstraction.
Z.
I.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
..ro1ier facilities for women under way. Hope to have
women employed in :rre. d in short time.
, in charge.
ettervliet Arsenal - 7liss Liildred Trillinr
1.
7edpctior of rates for women - Z3ir to 34.
4.
,e ,,tember 1tP shop order 7 342 went into effeot.
a tfor '1. U. G!',chell
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-6-
Flarz
9/25/18
i4ne hour day for women.
3.
:.iemorandum sent to :Aleut.
(a)
Llettler.
Results:
tools are being provided, furniture
for rest-room, and uniforMs have been
orderet .
p,.1:,er cups are on rder. At
present several are using th samo drinking glass.
Clara L. 'lead,
ActinEl ,irector, oen's Branch,
Industrial orTice ection.
'IsVomr
'desk ending 6eptepber 13, 1918.
Clara M. Teed, Acting Director of Women's 3ranch,
Industrial Strsiee Liection.
Major B. H. Gitohell, Chief Industrial ..)ervioe
c;eotion.
.1 2o:
ubjeot:,ork of omen's Branch, Industrial :Jervice 'oection,
for week endin4 September 11, 1918.
ITiC
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I.
ioston District Office -Mrs. Clara M. Thad in charge.
1.
A.ant
ork
;nay & Davis Company, Amesbury, Mass. Conference with Lieut. Soderburg, 4overnment Inspection of Ordnance concerning conditions
of work for women.
aray & pallet, Cambridge, Mass.
Hunt piller Manufacturing Company, South Boston, 14.8es.
heeler :U3fleotor Company Boston, Mass.
Labor Law
Hicemption conferences with Major Lyford and
Mr. Cary concerning the permit for labor law
exemption for the United Slates Cartridge Company.
3.
Conferences
Miss ,under and Mrs. Rantoul tittended the conference of the Industrial Hervioe Section in
,ashinton, D. C., September 16, 1917.
4.
.ersonnel
Mrs. L. . :antoul is in charge of the Boston
District Office.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
II.
Chicago District Office - :ass Amy jewes in charge.
1.
:-lant .ork
Nordyke & Marmon Company.
,enite Metal Company.
A. O. Smith Corporation. The ,omen's Branch
Was able to advise this Company regarding
the introduction of women in welding and
machine work.
This plant work is all done in connection
with the study of welding bein made by
the Chicago Office.
2.
Conferences
_los Howes and Miss Knowlton attended the conference of the Industrial 2ervioe .ection held
in l'ashington 'Leptember 16, 1917.
Representives of the 3ranch attended a session
of the /Addle uest (:)nference on women and
children in industry.
Conferences held in the Chica;o office include
those with the following persons:
laptain Hall, Inspection Officer, concernIn' conditions at roCord .Jompany's
plant.
. allach, ,roduction ngineer, regardin.z infection from cutting abmpoinds.
Yrs. Case of the Council of Defense, with
reference to ormaissing a branch of
the ;iris Jatriotic ;3ervioe League
among the stenographers in the ".;hi()ago Ordnance office.
h.n inspector at h;c]ord Company's plant regarding conditions for the women workinc' there.
III. Cincinnati Astrict Office - 27iss PAllith Campbell in
charge.
1.
- lant
ork
Starr :iano Company, -ichmond, Indiana.
weyne-.obinson & Company, Riohmond, Indiana.
Lichmond Malleable Castings Company,..lcT.
.
Ind.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
2hese plants were vlaitea at the recroest of
Lieut. Burns of the Industrial ervioe "iieotion
because of the complaint of the Union that t
employment of women was interfering with men'
employment.
It was found that rates of pay had in some
cases already been increased, and it was recolimended that 20; per hour should be the minimum rate paid to any woman employee. Suggestions concerning the providing of seats and
protection of machinery were also made.
Teters Cartridge Company.
In conference with Lr. landerbilt, it was teaided that a man and woman from the Orisons.
Department should be assigned for work with
this Company.
2.
Conferences.
jtate jtaff of Amployment ,;ervice & Manager,
'eter's Cartridge Co., concerning recruiting
being done by D. T. ;,hployment Jervioo for
the company.
Housing Conference held by
the Department of Labor.
r. Jenkins of
Osaferenoe, Industrial ‘Jervioe 3ection all
in Waihtngton added by'iss Carpbell & Vris
Aims.
IV.
Cleveland Astrict office - Miss Lary Gilson in charge.
1.
Plant ,ork.
The Amer loan Yultigraph Company wants to inamass its night force so as to equalize day
and night work.and proposes to usc
women
18 to Ll on night shift. Investigation is
under way.
2.
Confsfiences:
Miss 'arjorie Brown at State City Ynployment
office, conoernine supply of ,omen for 1oo,-1
factories.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
kiss tliee Kircher - Chief of Inquiry eetion
of :Department of Labor - Li86 kargeret Daniels
& Mrs. a wino r Karsten, Special Investigators
of 'j•'Fi.r Labor Board. -Ir. henry J. z.larris &
ries .!,-.2.tha Green of L'ivision of ...ocuments of
Library of Congress concerning cooperation with
omen's Branch.
Conference of Industrinl iervice i:)ootion in
tashington, sieptember 16 nnd 17.
SPeoial
Investigation of resources of Cleveland Public
Library research worm along lines of wosion's
outployomot, &a.
V.
elimrp.,
Detroit District Office - Mies Charlotte Hines in
1.
aant work
Lincoln Motor Company visited to rake clotail—'
study of excellent equipment of Rest Room Re
TAV Rt0ries.
Packard Mot4r Car Campnny for detailed study
ne,
of operations in Drill, Screvc, i Milling Lachi
2,
‘301qqrsnces.
e,
Miss Stella Doagherty of tt. Holyoke Cours
ny.
relative to work in Aluminum Cistings Compa
Miss Cochrane Industrial Vurse.
Deputy Cornissioner of labor
Mr. Castator
11ach1ne3 .
in regard to 'roman's work on 'oanding
Mrs. oaks - Continental Uotors Co. in regard to work in 'rcmsn's division.
Mr, i. G. Allen -
Cass
Technical )chool.
Miss Talker in charge of oocial 3ervice Department at "nitor Hospital, Detroit.
ITT.
ell in
Philadelphia District Offise - Wise IoniseCorn
charge
1.
,Plant
ork
Bethlehem Loading Co. Newcastle,
Dol..
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-.5 Tncony Ordn9nce ,.;arp. (2 visits).
2.
,;pecia)
ork.
-aaced woman supervisor in Bethlehem Loading
'
'•:#0•
•
3.
00110relleal
a. women 9s Division, U. S. :,mploymemt Service,
to eliminate re-inspections of Ordnance plants.
b. Conference in 'o'ashington of industrial Service c,eotice.
4.
•Nzemptions.
orthington 2uip 'Corp. reque sts exemption from
night work law.
Tacony Ordnance Corporation re que As exemption
from night rork law.
informal inquiry from Bethlehem Loading Co. re
prooeedure fbr securing permission to employ
women until IL siji in New Castle 'lant.
I.
Frmk ford A rsenal 1.
se Jeans Hughes in charge.
No report received.
Rook Is3. and A re ene 3 - I!, tiF; Helen liryan in charge.
1.
III.
No report received.
atertown i'rsenal
Yiss Yergaret faliott in ch!rrge.
1.
Operations new to women Determining machines at which women may work
find changes necessary in shop to acoomodate
women. Test opecimea impartment equipped
1br women, except lookers - Hardening Plant
offers no smitary facilities fbr women -
2,
Uniforms discussed with Sweet, Orr & Co..
3.
Conferences.
fttended Industrial Service 6ection Conference,
September 16 and 17..
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-6IV.
zterv1jet Arsenal - :ios Mildred TrillinE in charge
1.
Mistake in reoart of week ending Aug. 21. New
rate is 33(/ per hour instead of 369/ as previously stated.
Conferences
General Thompoon to diseuss hours - eenfident
of nine hour day.
isa iieeder
Jaturday to interview eenflidnteP.
Clmra
Tead
leaklvv-leportiof the work of
the domen's Branch, Ordnnnce,
to Major B.H. Gitchell.
Dopy to Miss Van I:leeck
for her interest.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
0311/m4d.
V,e4ok ending September 11, 1918.
,orom:
airs U. Teed, Acting Director of
Industrial Servioe
To:
::_ajor 3. H. Gitoholl, ..hief Industrial Sorvioe
cJoctIon.
„Aojeot:
“ork of omen's branoh, industrial Uervioo 8eotio4i,
for week ending zieptembor 11, 1918.
omen's 3ranoh,
DISA.1:4 %ATI
I.
i3oston District jrflue
-rs. Clara M. Teal in charge.
1. ?lent Nork
United States .Artride:e aompany.
..onforenos
concerning division of rates resulting from the
proposed three 8-houx shifts.
American steam J0=40 & Wave ior.pauy.
2.
,orkt3yenoos
• .commissionor !*ulrendy of the sr /14;enera1 industrial
,;onferenoes °oncoming the pez..
omission.
mit for night employment of women at the
Sterlini Motors .4mpany.
,orsonn4a
_re. Teed left the Bouton bistrict on ;- onday, Sep.
tember 9th.
She will take charge of the work
in asbindton.
II.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Alicago 14.striot officio.Ulas Amy Hewes in (thane.
1.
A.ant “)rk
. inslow 3ros.
The study of machine operations on
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
which women are ev4loyed hes been completed sad
the results are being prepared for a proposed
bulletin.
Ooam
tkited Lanufauturing h Distribution ,:ompimity.
*ems
the
of
s
official
the
with
ferenoe was held
pany regarding the schedule of hours for wawa
whieb was reported by the Illinois ractory Lem.
sohedip.
spector to exceed the 3(3011 limit.
factory
state
nle has now tmen revised and the
Inspector is now satisfied that the violation
was due to a misunderstanding and will not ooear
he acmpany has entered its welfare
again.
course for emplomaent management
the
In
manager
;Malmsey Society.
Western
the
given by
A conference
,;ompany.
Machine
_inneapolis Steel a
n officer,
sioductio
Schank,
was held with Major
the comof
t
prosidon
and Lr. T. L. lisoord, the
'Ate com;en.
pany regard in; shop training for
er JoyIts
pany will send a representative from
ment to one of the Goverliment courses in employment management if training is given nearer than
'ochester.
As inspection of welting
'onron--cVeal .. .;)mpany.
ion and metqods employe_
informat
to complete the
in this work.
''he compel., has been
tandard rforging lompany.
further advised regarding the ogaipmeat of its
omen's ,tailding.
This empany through
he American .Cool ‘;oapany.
the sug3estions
out
carry
will
t
its presiden
the employment of
for
made by the lemea ls aransh
women.
2.
;onforenoes.
,nptain J• 49 Hall
r. H. S. Mlles
is. A. M. Wood of the United Mmasitotnring & Distribution Company
Sr. R. 3. Jones, factory Inspector
Miss Anne L. Shaver of the Aisles. Deily 2Tews
4. Stmoial Work
Report mato ea hand welding of essms of drop bombs
by memo magorld at Mmalord & ompany's shop.
An estimate was mode of the number of women inducted
into industrial service in the last three months in
Uhica4o District.
'11
. . 2. ,nitaga
4.
.ise -osemary Jars% begea eervioe am stenographer em
.1zeptember 7th.
III.
in dares
Anoinnati District Offioe.else Mith ;empipeil
1. ;ken% v or)F
A special rouruiting agent belonging to the state
staff of the United States Amplepment 5011100 Inas
sat to the .4teree Jubtridge Ommpamy to investi.
the possibility of secarisg loam lbr munis work.
miss Adams went to 'Achm•ond, Indiana, at reqaest of
Lisets Burns beoause of serious labor situation.
tit
2. ‘.4nferenoes
Aftsber of ,xwaylerce an eiacatiomal authority on the
ostablishglent of employment meassememt *purses.
Reatanus, the employment manager of the maling
Viddleton, Ohio.
n 81
AiA oonference con..;ernee the va7ervision
.
in
Liddleton
the onployment office
iv..levelaud District ,ffice - Miss Mary Gilson in ul.hurms.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1. :limit Work
A visit made at the
arable, Manufacturing Osapany.
Division.
n
Preisetio
of
this
regiment
u4omem are'to be emp1e7e0 in the foundry and in the
mashie. Shop*
The first request
emAny.
napkin !:oller Searin
ative of the
represent
to
send
to District Jhief
grinding
whether
Semen's 3raneh to determine
operations as oarried on there would be detri.
mental to =met.
Visit requestec by
Loam baumittuturing ...:0:,Ip557e,
'ient.Miller who elsims that the aSUSgers are
considering Introdaoimg women.
2. .
4pnfereeoe,
Miss less, Peotory Imspeoter
Mr. Mellembeeh, Airraland Metal Preduets aempamy
ass Kieffer, 4splopment manager Aluminum Jastings
'-'S
o.
ersonnel
Ass 411son left on gednesday to help semduet
453
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4
went yours* in employment management Doing given
3he will maks Visits to
in Roohostors
Jleveland in order to supervieo the work of the
:Loveland offtee.
Detroit District Offics ... Mies aharlotto Mine in *barge.
1. i:ista
Visit at the request of Mr*.
American ar & ?oundry.
e their system of squal pay
investigat
Fantoul to
f4r oval work.
4enera1 investigation.
Amerloomk ;Sooting Auppaay.
Investigate oonditions
Grand Vapid* Brush Oaspanr.
relative to rat** of pay and working ecntitions,
' as requested by Yise Vannoel*.
Investigated sonditions
Grand Rapids Brass Jompany.
relative to rates of pay and working easlitione,
as misdated by Miss Van Kleeek.
Interviewed grip Birge and
Aluminum Oastings ,:olowy.
Stella Dougherty from
!Ass
for
position
seaweed a
0ouree.
dolyoke
the Meant
2. aogoromo9o.
report*
miss UsdeLensio, .;ontinental Motors
working eonditions in the plant.
Miss watkins, U. S. Jaployment Service fOr Wanes, Gnat
Aspids, 'doh., to aseertala the wages paid mad mop
titles. of work among the women in Grand Rapid*.
Miss Nelson, 4Outtei1 of National Defense, to aseertals
wages paid asd working oonditlons among woman in
Grand Rapids.
'Ass Van Noesen, :hairmen of the Industrial Oemaittee
the iJoaasil of Motional Defsnso, to ascertain wage*
paid and working somditions of women in Grand Hap1i4
, stereos, BMOSMOOS AgOnt of the 4orpenters' Unions
Mr.
t3 **aortal* esmditians among oarpenters.
.sert Slott, 6sOrstary of the Trade and Labor 4cmaell,
to ascertain sondition among the potato?* and work*
lug men in general.
M e'
,
Mrs. Zoete 0. Taylor Alairian of the Women's Trade'
ok
to ascertain wages paid end working es1,Loeso,
dittoes of wemms in Grand Bmpids.
u • • B. Merrick, ,,resident of the 3ooial welfare League
and Dirootor of the Rod ayoss utvilian relief, to
;et data relative to the wet of living in Grunt
Lynds, gooial ‘'elfore League, to get data relative
to the post of living in 'Grand 1,apids.
Ala. Biers*, Secretary of ;ioard of %;ammeroe, to get data
relative to the most of living in timid Rapti.",
Miss Marry, imployment Department, Y.
A., IND gem
;mortals wages paid and working *conditions of Masa
in Greed Rapids.
lass S. Dougherty, from the Lount Aolyoke -ourse, relative
to position in the Detroit District.
21. *Z.P.22A
Vox*
Ale work done in Greed Rapids was at the request of 01911
Van Kleeck, Names in Industry Service, Washingtes,
who desired a report on the gouges paid, ns it was
reported to her as a low paring cwitilr, and else
that the lovornment regulations regarding tine ais.
caul-half for overtime were not being adhered to.
Aport being compiled for Lies Yen Klemilkm
VI. _hiladelphia Distriot
is
ttioe-
.1douise .41rnel1 in Om
140 wgrk
!f3thlehem %aiding Jompany's plane made for employing *
number of women and pleasing
women in dharge•
ivory Dasottetè 30111, rol1omwop work was Seale in the
department for
as orgemisod last August.
1,equest for exemptions from state labor lame .11 *ortilings.
ton Pump Se Machine ‘.:orporatioa.
Preparation of
ogee for relaxation of state Labor law is the case
of this company is under way.
41341A14
1. irunkfOrd Arsenal - 11iss Jeanne Aughee in dares
1.
No report received,
II. :-:ock island Arnenal
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
Also Rasa Bryon in charge.
#01410
Squal pay for equal work has beep to the fore.
The
introduction of women into the tope at a rate
higher than that paid the girls in tho office
has caused dissatistactims among the °Moe
employees.
7hs direet replacement of men by
semen in the shspe has ales brought up the
question of equal par.
To date no aatisfao-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
It is reeemaemles
Ur; action hair beep Wm.
individual
cases
may he made
atjaatments
in
that
may
girls
reosivo
aiegmate esmpemmatism
so that
for wirk tome* am& that 'here "mass mimes mem
In the °Moos they be gives the some pay *bilk
the men resolve.
III, atertowa Arsenal.Mies Urgers% i,11ott in charge*
1. Qpncti.gmjiew to wow at arsonst.
4 staty has boon sale of shop conditions oat -shine promises with a view to the intiredawtion of women in the arsenal shops.
At
preplont there are no women employed in the Shops*
The survey shows that semen are tally compete '
to handle unassisted some of the alkeikilMO
?rose's.* on the system.
in addition there
are long }Towson** whidh MUM Gam operate if
the setting up work is handled by,s.
9•
'
4,4,1744,..Arleetingsle•
the newer shops are already er!uipped with ssoiSary
facilities for women*
In the older *hole sulk
provisions have not yet !mten made*
!V
watlreliet Arsensa
1*
;iss kildrela xrilling in Charge*
Apber 410141y.
3overal Matzo& women have been interview.. thir
week regarding applications for work*
2*'
11V_IM1.22212195-2291Ati9P1h,
-4veral hour, each lay have been 31!)ent in study.
Ina shop oondltions*
anig, Armimmistf•
ihe question of seats for ems of the mimes werkiew
sm oertain asehines has been several time
taken Up Without guesses*
This matter has
ess hosa referred to %;olonel uettlor, Osmmamills
Ins Offloor.
4mployees are using omega
drinking cups.
?aper drinking *ups shout& ae
installed throughout the arsenal as soon GO
Joesible•
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-'7
Uniforms ordered from the Seeot-Orr c;oimpany have
been received by the local firs this week*
aftra .. Toad,
Acti:Js Dimltor, omen's ranch,
Industrial service f)ction.
OSHiag
•
-
ooptember 14), 1918*
Oliara M. Toad, Aeting Director of donen'a 3ranch,
IneastriskAMTiae-Semadon.
0 "I
.1 11.1.1.41.OWNi •IPAoft
IIOlin•
Ata.N.
!!tjor B. & fitehell. (thief Industrial serviee
3action.
zIxoloet:
4orx of dements Bransh, Intuetrial alorvioo Section,
ter week ending So
4th.
44VQ402. 4049MA
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I.
Beaten District Office - Mrs. Clore
X4
load in sharp).
1.
low Ism. Sewing Mathis* Con.eany. Gonforesse conlarnift the introduction of women OR small
arms in the manufacture of 166 mim shells.
Gorham Mfg. Osupsmy. Conference conoorning a
new sehodule of hours and transportation
problems invorrod.
2.
Labor Law Szenptione
U. S. Oaptridge ClOmposy., A eonferenee 4ith the
(ionern1 OUpearintentent ooncornine the exenktion from the Maseschusetts law prohibiting
omPlOrmint of wasp at night.
34,
StIMMNOMIR
Conference with Miss
Wiggin of the Consumers'
Leagus ooneernimititers reported by her in
regard to the Us 3* Cartridge Co. nd the
Amarisan :Amu Gauge 6 Talirs Co.
Interviews ith
Foley and Miss itlar reGard.
img sponsors for aer Amargosa Course for
emp2sysamt managers.
•••••••••••••.
-
laINO•
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
II.
Ohieage Jiatriet Offiee - Miss
1*
or *ewes
in *barge.
4.11.40 WPO
Ameriesn Tub* Compsmy. An inspeetion was made
at the request of the U. 3. Bmployment
Servie*. 4orking oestitions for women employes are not geed sad Owes were room.
mended,
tingle, Bros. Nisi Enewlten is eentinning the
study of the work ef women en heavy duty
lathes.
iistional Cash Register Company.
Dwyten Industrial Institut*.
Standard 2orgings Comkany. Ar snort in institutional economics was called in to advise
in regard to the installation of equipment
in the lunoh room for women.
2*
31404 11074
A member of the staff was sent to Cincinnati and
Dayton to see the virtual copiration of train. img *Omits,
Lnformatieu on oertain safety and sanitation
problems has boon secured for several firms
at their request.
At the request of the nesemsin inaustris1 Commission, the Supervisor addressed the Wigeonsin Jeputies, discussing this inspection
work in plants having Ordnance contracts.
.
3
LiI.
Nies A6 L. Meamon et Us Amorommoftsw
Company, M1mmeupolis, wished Warms ion
whiob would be of &moistens* is the 'meow
employment of wonen by this Company.
Mrs. atlas, U. S. imployment Service.
Mr. B. J. Olark, Ammunitien Manager, ireduction
Division.
Mr. Wallash, xrodimetion itngineer.
III.
Cincinnati Dietriot - Miss tidith Campbell in charge.
1.
altant Work
Peters Cartridge Company* A three weeks' study
undertaken at the request of the Company
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
and of kr. Gas, the Ordnanoe represontative
in the plant, has been in progress. Miss
Adams has boon making a study of the souses
of absonteoism sad turnover among woman owployoss and has Suggested stops to °hook these
evils. The rocenmendstiens have boon aseepted
and la. lemon's Brasil' has been asked te Hour* as opploynont nemagor.
2.
Conferonee,
SeperVisor spent four toys in Columbus at mootsad conferencos with the Stato Advisory
Gemmittee and tho ;Awl+, Director of tho Amploysent iorvioe.
lane oietrieh of tho Chicago Jistriet conferrod
regarding the training of woman in Cincinnati
District.
IV.
Cleveland District 0:fice - Miss Mary Gilson in charge.
1, A1 IMI-1.10
Dill Mtg. Company.
Mr. dronson and LI,
. Williams*
have fonforrod. about instL.1Ling sa emploposs$
*imager In %Moir plant.
Standard Parts Gempopy. At Ow 71110140,4t of $1110
xroduotiOn Manage, a visit was nada to tits
plant, *hero a largo umber of wOma mill be
introdusod When the Iran attests the supply
of
The Company plans to Ompley one of
ill, graduates of the Governmont course in employment managomment.
COnferenvo
Th• Suporviscr spoke to tho troduction Managua
Group at tho Chamber ef Commoreet offering him
services to plants holding Ordnanee contrasts.
Lany interviews were held vath statrats of %kw
Cleveland Course iv zap,iorsent Management and
with Captain Boyd eiaher rogording employmont
supsagosont sotw000.
The Supervisor addrosiod the IMployment Managers
Group and the troduction ISmigers Group on
"The Introduction of lomon into Industry with
the Ides of Maintaining kroduotion and Conserving the Health of Workers during Jar Times."
- 4-
44.
Miss Ruth Rotieker was sidoi to the staff
Angust 291h.,
V.
Jhiladelphia Distriet Office - Nisi lionise Cornell in
ehallis•
1.
klent Ork
Abrasive Company. A Survey was made regarding the
)
possibility of using semen more extensively
in the manufacture of grinding wheels.
11
e. Labor At_AtMatlal
Inveati,ations of the rogues** Of Bethlehem Stool
Company and Midvale Steel 6 Ordnanoo Company
were continued. Conforensos sere hold in
.ftehingten regarding these two cases.
Lo report received from the Detroit District iffice - Miss
Charlotte Kin° in charge.
ARS4VALS
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I.
Rook Island Arsenal
1.
fAss Helen Bryan in charge.
labor 51111.11i.
The num-oer of applicatisne on ills
to date is '4,777.
E.
Qperations nes
VI
or shop work
wOMMA
The first weans motoroyele driver has been employed
us messenger.
A forelady has bOem emplioyed for shop Mos Elho is
ulidergsing two male preliminary training
previous to the employment of women in this shop.
YAM=
A mnifons is to bo provided by the girls in the
havalms Shop. This oonsists of a dark akirt,
a white Shirtwaist and a shop apron and sap.
4. Untaat with outdid.' Orenisationa
At the request of Colonel Thompson throu0 Mrs.
Rantoul, the matter of housing, has been taken
b
up. Conferonsos have therefore been held with
Miss isolarquar of the Lend-a-Basd Club of
Davenport tied other parties. There is no doubt
out that tho natter of scouring rooms is serious.
A. girls of tho Rock Island Arsenal gave a dance
at the Davenport Arsenal darker.' Club for the
bays from Davenport end Scott ',;ounties who are
in the next draft.
11.
.intervliet Arsenal- ':ias ' Ildred Trilling in charge.
1. imp4qmont of Women
lax wonon have boor or-Ai:wed for inmpeetion work.
dart 1,100 As M.
me working nil* hours
0 2. IL', and are paid Si onto an hour.
Two wenn bare been employed to do rollof work on
*roles. They relieve any on of the Oporators
nho for any reason is tired or withos tO leave
her naehino. The crane operators aro now gives
a tenaminUte recess both morning and afternoon.
14:46
4)
Lai
SerTiee AMIAMOIRAP
A new rest rem has boon opened in the old gun
shop.
lie report received from trankferd Arsenal.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Clara Y. Toad,
Asians Director, womon's Branch,
irsdustrial ,Airvice :Action.
Jetroit iistriot Offios - Miss Charlotte Wine in charge.
1.
a
ALLALialaik
Aorioan Oar & Peundry Oompany. Visit made at the re.
quest *ram Rasteial to investigate their system
of offal/ par for oval work.
&impala Molex Oompaavi, Visit mate at the request of
Mrs. Rantoul, to investigate their system of oqtal
pay for equal work.
2, , ortfproncee
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Jtstine Klotz, Division on Mirk tor Pereira isman,
4o2'k Counsil, iiatiosol Beard, YoILLA., UOW York.
mrs. Biledeau, Maxwell 'e'er Oempamy - Oakland ilant,
reports unestisfeetsry sonditiono Loft the girls.
'411
.Jeptembor 7, 110
, ict*„.g ,irootor of .o,on'e Brunch,
, ervi 10
Ojai
Arita ,,ervioe
of t e
it.oi.L, j:e
eoti,u
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
cirrioh,
ork oT
",c0ot:
itr al .crvi2c
J .
Astrlot
1.
r.
. b)ha L 0 411—c
T:011:;.P.1itattl
oreset, T -rcr:acit0. ,toel Jo.
. .00ls :41ohine 0o.
N;opfereoes with :)7E0cr byforl anA
.1
41weper, %moo. 6eoretery of t e omen': :33}
Lowell,
Urion,
l
nuelAniste
of t=e
oonoerning night employment of '10M4111 at U...
adviss)ilit;, of unInp
Cartridge Co. awl
8h ft instead.
womon on two
(b)
Uhairman of the
Co foronoos with -r.
n, conMANI* tLX 2'fie1i7ce:; tuduttrial Comminei,
14...
oorning the rovect e pcutit oi tie
Viestinghamse 00.
seer,o Dititriot
i.'14PAP
Nit.0
I
o::r-o
YttAtta
,Ingle, Bros., Chioso. Mins Knowlton Is Aki1.1f7 a
'
study of the work on the heavy duty latiqi).
Inspootion ade at
olerioom cutlery Oo., Ohiwo.
request of °apt. Humphries, of •Ve InAlletr5a1
,$1rvioe Seotion.
Illinois Tool Work*. Visited for Vs purpose of Sot ,fOrmagion regarAing methods of'trsisiSg.
PAnePinfiry Co. Ohisore.
,
regariing
'.tion.
1
v4
2
•ziVelliel and 1041451p..ip .ork
mIlders at the iloOord Cempan;,
&Aceo pay for vpo
up ‘AV.: tirodlIction o,fieer
Jeet 2u1lnan, 111.,
Requect for reereational fad,. 'ties Ior ooldieru
:uto Jo. Referral to
drilting trusts. at Pour wheel Drive ,
br Oar. Oommnity aervice.
Gkthering information abour the eolut'or
saff)ty and eanitation problems.
Cleveland District Office - Miss Msrv Oilson in ehar
1.
Planta AlAtai
i411 Manufaeturing Co., Jloveland. VIcited at to
request of "r. ,:aasworth, Vroduotion Demrtment,
in regard to 41oymont f to- en 3n new orcrwione.
Plant °Metals a4rree.1 to employ graduaiee of
i,d1--HT:rt Mama -ere' Cotree at te ;:niverit77 of
looffit70.er.
2.
Co
District Chief, tn regard. to employment of a WASS as
speoial direotor of girls and wornen Ili armload
'J)Istriet of too. 71.ts Anna 0. .elapey eA.01o,ed
1:terview ap;jioanto 41141 4. oiio1mu.r work
Intorviewe 2i 7th oanliciaLo for emfaoymeut managnt.
Intca-vicy;e1 oucAber o..C. members of tsre Uleveland Course
i. regar4 to futrire rialomnt.
IntIrviewed number o pea le who are ocr.te,laAng
entranoe into field oi emroyment menwvmont, and
disstaded those seeAngly unfit for VI, -;or.
3.
-pggItal AnliE
J1 -qoInnati Ath 7.4ive Campbell helping
(law. °pent
em4oyment management at
00111'00
entahlitlb
to
i. Vioited several Amma-ers
of
07noinnat
;
Lntver:it7
Cincinnati Jhamter of
at
and
spoke
of faetories
Commerce meeting. Captain Fisher 1a arrant7ed tr
beyloArT s000l Oetober lat.
Distvioto fro.n whieh reports were not reoeved:
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3inoinnati
Oetrolt
Nit
AT34A116
I.
II.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
took Island ,,rsonal
Mier, !!olon 3x7an in garpe
1.
jonieroces with Ool. Maarilu in regard to use of
avalla'Ae man ower at Arsenal on Jobe beet littod
for tom, and relaceillent by women.
2.
Girls put on various meo4ines in the ASSomal within
the last week. The differ(woe betren the ignianta mid
to ramen in the Shope and women in the °Moe hat
caused diestisfaotion among the °Moo girls. motion
is beng taker on the matter to bring
t an adlustment.
3.
Plan vestibule so'ool for ofTige emtlo:eee.
4.
Rego-monde ore adequate toilet and &resell-4; row:
for women in harness shop.
S.
vrdered =iterate axi spefial shoes for girls to be
empleyed at ammunition lant.
6.
41ployed Nation to replace Mr. Lilly in main ol;io
e
end
o ror eouipment shop. Both a e exporienced
trred,late nurrles.
7.
Invrotigrted to'litios o' loo. I larniries for
lannaerlig unUorms. Aav - abAt decided to hay,
the
girl' la,,Aer their own uniforms.
U.
Inoreased aottvitie og thl 1)ratioh )1ave ,rodaht about
VA, need for another aAstant apd VIT o :f ‘i e r
Mies Dom, arvist,,nt, is to go to to Univert!ty
1ng,:',111n, aril to he r - 014col by
-trtektrinii.
t rvliet .%rc-nal - -ice gildred 21'1113
1.
e
in
H92Etaa
In view of Col. Thorn..
comA.aint tfit ho
find housin oonlit"one for 6z,t. rvllet Areena woricer,„
speoiall
yo.mn, whet they migIA be, this matt has been taken up with to A7r,sing Coma:t1
following faete avoortaied:
fi.)
11)
76 wamen
v1oyo i the vivps all 1;71ng in
tholr ern homos.
ro.oVon1L thf. entre
foroe of a.
4ors home. Ther we a
Col. Munroe agreed tl'zt iae did not feel Vort
any hollel
problem for wovien tttCe ilrnancl. it
would be kr.:(1
say that tteroximiliely 1000 fOlit oe 1ri,
at wailer) who
their (),-;n
tone, Co 14
-=.1.A9E1
The 1,:oreano in w
::rom 50:: to
eft .otive Awnict
?Mc doeP ,ot
to Tiolen
Li t
tool oritw otioe Co. Oorroree (1? it feA. V t
tYe work wuxrantd,
r..
340
AkilL5J11.1A2.
arecter
it
aonrirv 10:11soilool rortH
japt. Drldlo,y.
Olt o
io .-71ent: 31.A
- s;•,•:ot I
,) •
,
4.
5.
de- arr.,Wtozis under
oT vlvt ro
:botoril.
300t
i
0 ti1t
ori3 Orol
r( port
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
reoolve
Trriri
un(le
;
cfl
4
,,
. 144,160t,
to LrIlt,
v
clo!r(
.
7 :.10 • • 1: 7
$
r crt':karelj
r-
Acting. Diree4or,
Indnctrial ;;orvioe
:Jootion
August ou, 1..18
Clara . Toad, 1,oting Director of
Industrial SerViCe Section
Mjor
Section
l Sorvioe
Gitobell, Chief of the Industria
service Secti,n, for
ork of -omen's Bv-inoh, Industrial
ending An4TuElt 21, 11)18.
-
,ubject:
in ohartre
. District Office - Mrs. Clara L. Toad
L.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.oh
omen's Br.
1.
Oominces,
in cishington the
:Ars. Toad and Mis under reported
19. Conferences were
first alf of the week of August s Van IZeeck regardin
held .alth 24Ljor (itobell, and ais
labor law exetions.
,)
hewee in charge
C;lictwo District Office - Miss Amy
1.::j
)7k
1 12
114:
in)
it laado at request
L. .olff Mfg. Co., OhioaFo. Vis
.
of urdnttnce InETectio:1 fficer
Visit .ade at tho reopest of
pour Aleel Drive Auto Co.
the firm.
ure i-Aformation
Ctiu;lolt Maohine Co. Visit to sec
ir employees.
regarding the training of the
Unitcl TIffr. 17 Distributing Co.
-peoti3n officer
has been received from tl..e ins
governmmtn inspectors
in charge that overtine :;or
plant.
is to ;:e disoontinued in to ommendations have
Reo
Tlachner7 Co.
,lericn Steel
h rerence to tiAir plans for emwit
e
been laaJ
piong a large number f women. eteria for wo
Elans for a caf
,dard Forgings Co.
pany and have Since
builain were furnished the com
beeh aqopted.
2.
Joliferenoes
l Board
Arthur Cox, Indiana Industria
l Commission
ria
Indust
Miss Tracy Oopp, Idsoonsin
management Division,
Capt. Boyd Fisher, .].mrloythent
War Industries Board.
Robert McCall, Chict.go
.12.
of U.S. Emploz;- lent Service
Miss Dunning, Chica7o office
3.
.04k
rran6ements ha:e
on made by the 6tan1.ard F,rgilLgo
Company to allow tcle woman in oharge o:j the em
o worTen to tLice to course for lImployment Ilanae
Cleveland District °Moe - lase 14try Gilson in charge.
1.
11ALLINork
Uyria Iron & Steel Company. The manager of the
oompin7 asked aosistLnoe o7C the Women's Branch
in determining operations upon which women could
be employed. The Vioe-President of to Company
asked tht a visit be uado to _;() over the problem
of mating arrngements for omplo:iing women on
night shift.
,estern Automatic Ilachine 60rew Co.
Visit zfle to
stud te crertions now being performed by women.
2.
c'onferneceo
1-v,tain UoTyer of the Industrial 'Service :er.3tion
. Hollenbaok, Productiln !tanagers Group, Oleveland
Chamber
Cortleroe.
lo-iforooe of Field ofleers alia workers cvaled bv
$cobell.
3.
InvestigkAion o.. 1;:ria office filadc at t;e reierA ol
the Odeveland xvoduction Division, in order to
determine ricoity :or furtf,ar :ousing.
IV.
Oinoinnati Distriot office
Mieo
Campbell in oharge
Acpwrt not been received.
V.
Detroit District JTfice - Ms
Charlotte ine i
chfirp7e
ae irt n 4. yori received.
VJ.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Philadelphia Disrlct uffloo - nes Louise Oorell in charge
1.
Ziant, ork
,orthington 2amp
lohnery Co.
This oompanv iv
inceL(fAng :trid is planning still further i
mr.iber
wonen employed.
North American Motors Co.
airvey made to de
advisability of Alipting certv.in maoh;ne pro_
to oapaoity of women, showing that it waB 1.- --c'visia)le to attemt it in this Aunt.
Arautrong Cork Company
doodbury Loading ‘iompany.
EmRloyment de art nent
is being organized by MI
4rea1y of the ,omen's
Brnoh.
International Fabrioa , ing Company. 64ety work is
beim continued.
AJ13 1144S
I.
Frapkford Arsenal
1.
Miss sit. Reeaer 1, ()Large; Miss Hughes
osistant.
OonfQPIDA12
MiSP Reede2: reorted in opslAngton tho first part
of Vie wok o
li -nst 19. Conferenoes were held.
with '4jor -Ito oil, Wire.
Eiss Bryan of Rock
Island Arse al, aod Col. Thompson.
11. E9ALIWWWLJNaLtuil
1.
Mitw Helen Bryan in ohrf!-.
Oonterenoes
Miss Bryan reported in Washington the first 11.4*t
the week of August 19th. Conferences were held witY
Major Gitohell, rs. Toad, ,lies Ree er, Col. Thompb,
and Oaptain Blunt.
In New 'York Mies lryan intervievt.)d person who might
assist her at Rook Island.
III.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Watervliet
( Arne]
1,
Miss Mi
ELAM.
To date women have been poll at the mate of 3V an holir.
Although some of them ha'1, been employed from April
and May as women hall, been raised. A mew rate, however,
has jaet been put into effect whioh establishes 33.1
an hour as a minimum for both men and women.
2.
Labor Sumas
It has been arranr,e1 to make 13 year2; the minL
for both men and wolen enlloyed at Watervliet.
3.
Pperations nqv to kiomen .1mY-aoyed at Watervliet
Six women for inspeotIon work in gun shol)s ha7e be
reoneutea.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4.
Rours for .en
e ployed ton qours on day shit;
Ton arc
oleveD haarfl ot nip:ht
.7ou4s for women
Blioo Ordero i6l5 issued by Uol. 'Iunroe establish a
ten hour day for vfogien crane operators, tool crib
attendatits, truck operators, and machine operators,
makin a ten hour day for practically all the omen
now emnloyerl it tl-o Arsenal.
Areetor, .omen'' Bralola
r:-1;11 rial :ervicte ticotion
MIT a
U}. mei
August 16, 1918.
From:
Clara L. Toad, Acting Dirootor of ,-omen's Branch, Industrial
Service Sesggn.
To:
Major B. H. Gitchell, Chief of Industrial Service Section.
Subject: Work of Women's Branch, Industrial Service Section for the
week ending August 7, 1918.
1
DISTRICT OFFICER.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I. Boston District Office - Ere. Clara M. Toad in
charge
1. )rk in Plants
(a) Gray & Davis: job studies and specified
rerouting.
(b) Study of whole labor supply situation
in Lowell, Mass.
2. Requests for exemption from state laws:
(a) United States Cartridge Company. Night
Shift for women.
(b) The Sterling Lotor Car Company. uight
shift for women.
(0) American Steam Guage Company. Shorter
lunch period.
II. Chicago District Office - Miss Amy Hewes in charge.
1. Work in Plants.
(a) Standard Forgings Company: work with inIncreased racilityp
CSETction,District Office: inspection was
made and plans for women's building secured. 'omen's Branch was instrumental in having the present women in the
employment department sent to the Govornment Emergency course for training
employment managers.
(b) Zenite mtg. Co.,
an investigation was made of
of state
labor laws and report sent to ashington.
(0) MoCord & Company, West Pullman, Ills.
Study made of acetylene welding by Miss
Fisk who worked at the welding three
days.
III. Cincinnati District Office - the appointment
of
Lies Campbell has only just been made.
2.
IV. Cleveland District Office - ;Ass Mary Gilson in
charge.
I. Work in 21ant8.
(a) ,.estern Cartridge Company, Alton, Ohio
Liss Gilson organized the employment
w)rk and established a woman who will
remain permenently in chare;e of this
work.
V. Detroit District Office - Liss Hine in charge.
1. The appointment of Kiss Hine is so recent that
no plant work has boon done as yet.
VI. 2hiladelphia District Office - Liss Louise Cornell
In charge.
1. Work in 21ants.
Company
(a) Hess - Bright
(b) Fox Gun Company (2 plants)
(c) Stanley G. Flagg
(d) TAiLlytown Bag Loading Plant (2 visits)
(e) henry Disston & Sons - a personnel department was organized by Miss Greely
(f) Fayette R. numb
2. Special Work.
(a) Report made "Oil the Industrial Situation
in Erie 2a."
The investigation was
made at the request of the Cleveland
District Ordnance Office.
3. Exemptions from state labor laws.
(a) Dupont & Company requested an exemption
from the Delaware law for their 3randywine plant to permit a second shift
of women until 11
B
ARWL4ALS.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I. Prankford Arsenal - Liss 11.
Reeder in charge of
conditions of work for women.
1. 2ereonnel
(a) iIss Jeannie Hughes reported for work
She hamL
at the Arsenal August 5th.
taken over entirely the a,,,:ploymeirt
work.
2. Labor Supply
(a) The opening of the Federal Employment
office on Frank
ford Avenue is expected
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3.
to be og great assistance in giving
better service than has been possible
from the offices in town.
3. Service 21ans.
(a) The women's canteen has started to serve
sandwiches.
(b) It is suggested that hot coffee be sold
This suggestion is being
to the men.
followed
4. Cooperation with outside agencies.
(a) The Viar Camp Community Service
noon time to tell the women of
portunity for week end parties
the ar Canal? Community Service
spoke at
the opwhich
offers.
II. Rook Island Arsenal - niss Helen Bryan in charge of
conations of work for women.
1. Labor Supply.
(a) lpplications of 2243 women are on file
for shop work.
During July 400 applications of women for shop work were
filed.
2. Operations now to women employed at the arsenal
(a) In the harness shop 252 women are employod on power sewing machines sewing
haversacks, first aid kits, and following miscellaneous preparatory processes in the sewing room.
(b) In the Armory 57 women are ir,o ,lecting
rifle parts and burring oompc-,1)nts.
(c) In the Equipment Shop six women are inspeoting small metal parts.
(d) In the Tool Shop twelve women are serving in the tool crib.
(e) Requisitions for women as machinists will
not be fi_;Cuirtil an agreement has been
reached between the Arsenal and the raohinists Union as to the need of putting
them on this work, and until the rate of
pay is fixed.
(f) In the Ammunition Loadin6 lamt a study
of processes has been made, and it has
been decided to employ women in the
assembling of the Mark V French type faze.
3. Service 21anB.
(a) Use of first aid kits has been explained
to matrons all of whom have had some
hospital training and who will be in
charge of this work.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4.
(b) Dressing rooms of adequate size are being
provided in shops employing women.
A new
rest room and toilet room has been built
for the girls in Storehouse A.
4. Cooperation with outside organizations.
(a) The 1:ar Camp Community Service has been
interested in meeting the recreational
needs of the women employed in the arsenal.
III. :eptervliet Arsenal.- A.ss J ildred Trilling in charge
of conditions of women's work.
1. Labor Supply.
(a) All women's applications on file are being
rated and a list of eligibles prepared.
2. Hours of work.
(a) Women are being employed until August 15th
for ten hours pending a decision from
Viashington, as crane drivers, tool crib
attendants, and track drivers.
3. Jages.
(a) Unskilled women laborers are being paid
30 cents per hour,- the same rate as that
paid unskilled men laborers.
4. Service flans.
la) A woman responsible to Miss Trilling is
now cleaning all rest rooms and toilets
used by women.
Clara LI. Toad,
Acting Director, omen's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
WAR DEPARTMENT
IAN 1 7 19.Pi)
COMMISSION ON TRAINING CAMP ACTIVITIES
WASHINGTON
LAW ENFORCEMENT DIVISION
SECTION ON WOMEN AND GIRLS
January 15, 1919.
Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director,
Woman in Industry Service,
U. S. Department of Labor,
Washington, D. C.
My dear Miss Van Kleeck:
Denman, has come
Your letter of January 9th, addressed to Miss
al piece of work
speci
a
on
engaged
to my attention. Miss Denman is at present
plan for
the
of
the details
in another department. As I was working out
when your
areas
ary
in milit
regulation of the employment conditions of women
nts.
letter came, I was much interested in your comme
letter which accomI think you have misunderstood Miss Denman's
say, "I am somewhat surprised
panied the copy of her report sent to you. You
war no action is necessary."
to note your statement that with the cessation of
r I find that her statement
On referring to the carbon of Miss Denman's lette
makes the adoption of the plan
was as follows, "Since the cessation of war
was then referring to the
She
."
unnecessary, no action has been taken
organization of a Women's Army Auxiliary Corns.
to devise a plan
As a matter of fact, steps were taken soon after
2nd Mr. Fosdick forwarded to
applicable to the new conditions. On December
Miss Denman. These have been
by
red
Dr. Keppel a set of recomrendations prepa
ns as to procedure and methods
uctio
approved, and we are this week issuing instr
you do, that action was not taken earlier.
to our field staff. We regret, as
ested to know that the reports of our
However, I am sure you will be inter
ng conditions in the camps are not
workers in the field indicate that the worki
than those which obtain in many large
essentially worse or any more alarming
out the popular rumors of demoralizing
industrial centers, nor do they bear
of large numbers of women. We are not,
conditions resulting from the discharge
acular abuses to deter us from going ahead
however, allowing the lack of spect
result in the adoption of proper standards
with a program which, we hope, will
fer to other employment of these women as
of present employment and the trans
fast as they are released.
you when she returns
Miss Denman, herself, no doubt, will write
to the Commission.
Sincerely yours,
LIKeleL:6;;;_
TTA:L
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Assistant Director.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-
-
Ormagi
to
All communications should bo accompanied by carbon copy and addressed
WAR DEPARTMENT
ET/bnw
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ORDNANCE
To insure prompt attention,
6 rn replying refer to
)
_
3L6 -$
No.
Attention of
PRODUCTION DIVISION
WASHINGTON
November 9, 1918.
6
From:
Ordnance Office, Industrial Service Section,
Women's Branch.
To:
Miss Mary Van Kleek,
Women in Industry Service,
U. S. Department of Labor.
Subject:
Placement of Labor.
I am inclosing a letter from Miss Mary Gilson
which will answer question asked in your letter of October 22.
Tead,
D.lara
Director, Women's Branch.
1 Incl.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
By:
Edna Thuner.
•
324.72
Kitla
November f.).
Nary Gilson
rrOM:
Tot
eittsburgh Di stri ct Ord ne.noe Of
:Autt
Tndustriel Serv is*
Administrfttioa Seations InclustrieLl `-zervi co. Ordnance
Depert• ent. "rhak.ington e LC.
Att4intiont
Iir.,Clhrts,U
estd. Director Ytomen's Branch.
diaoussoi with ru.7;J:m
she %ado to Liss Van Klimek (see
41,
F%.)r,11
t.
ottlAlrnnt .0,h1oh
..ri drew hfAr• :Inclusions from 64 letter
tir.3. lama ot.iets thtt is!
2.
teldrphene
1.5t;t In esponce to
1 er on
vr), gh Mrs, r:ersanner sent ta ,
.1.!11
artirlonoe plihnts•
omen em loyei
request for 10-Goti4Licrx.4or
lol.e contains' e s';:ixtersent 'at t,u) .rtirmnce Di3pteent had
(air. $4,4)
reoeived *requests from contrh.ctors. Pre. Koroormr tell° rue that 0*
rhsbcnt tr., say -i,har, in -Ow replios .1.c) the questionnfArf• *Alin res sent out by
the c)rdr,.*n_ce is:apartment there wore tw9rizy.fot_tr (24) coTtrsteturs
statements_koncernIng the rubbie iTul;tire tam of row rt in—1:61i. Aunts.
3. Vr. JsnkilAs 1.(a3.sra thut there ke,c been on'iy cneilitfiajile. ro—
u 'esql.-41;it to tho U.S. 141oyment
tor iouep td
lie
vory
I
of course, :Ln the use if the U.S.
Lily,
be:Lit:New
se a.t
. he did net tilnk of
suye th,iit
ione
lbaplyysent, Serv5.o. tmra olehrin
himsolf.
olftein,
attempting. to do !Iny
•,t times turployed
i.Ohpts.in Barr f the Pdriminnel Divle5on i
In Civil Service positions in fastorlos. pomp).* who hhve Kppliod to his
--,tor Alerigai work ih the Ordnanoo Elpartment. Thie le 1.ho only lat144.4rsat
work whish Ks be;en—done by thl ?ittsburgh Ordna Offt.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sy direction ef Distriot Chief.
V.C. Jenkins.
lianager. Industrini Servioe Section
Vary Gilson
Supervisor POPOWO Branehs
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https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
October 22, lD18.
Mrs. Clara M. Teal, Director
:0Lien's Branch, Orinanoe Dent.
Washi ngton, D.C.
My dear Mrs. Toad:
We have just receivel a letter froa, Mrs. FranIlin
P. Funs, SuTlerintfinlent of the Unitel States Employment °Moe
in the Pittsburgh District, which contains the following paragrart:
"It may also be of interest to you to note (4hich
you of course know) that the Ordnance Denartiaent
also makes 71acellents of women - w6thout any interchange betAeen this office and. theirs (save of
course a coprteQus friendliness). They have placed,
they tell us, several thousand, and have pending
requests for fly: thousand more. Concerning the.ze
placements we have no data. Do you not think a
oentral clearit& system shoull be est.9.blished for
al placealents? Row else can accurate irCormation
.;4 to naiLes and actual pltIcerients bQ stcured?"
Do you know Ahether this is an accurate statement?
Z-3imerely yaurs,
MVK/ALL
Mary Van Kieeck, Director
Woman in Industry sarvicrl.
Jc.nur..ry 25, 1919.
Miss Cllarlotte Hine,
419 A'::zhingt o Av c nue,
.Bay City, '!..lichigan.
My 4ear Miss Hine:
MisE; Van raeock has cbaked mr) to thanl.,.. you for your kinineas in
writ4ki, us concerning the speakers in Michigan. le have gotten in touch
-Nith Mr. Carl Yougg anti are. hoping that he will attund the Indianapolis
meeting.
Sincorely yours,
L.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Secretary to Miss V?.n Kleeck.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Gen. No. I
GOVERNMENT RATES
TELEGRAM
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
FROM
Washington,
VifellMAI& 431014'0r :-76rvice
Jtmuary 8 1919
IlisILAMiar:WWW-aiss
District Ordnance Office
Book 9alIdimg
DetrOlt Michigan
At irvortant conference In Indianapolis January tr,onty ninth four neikjiborine
states will be represented to outline their nrocrams for labor laws stop
Can you sanest able sreeker to represent Viehigsn ston 'Are our expense
tqtry Van Kleedk
CHARGE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. APPROPRIATION FOR
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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CADILLAC 7680
ARTMENT
3...
WARJ2a
DETROIT DISTRICT ORDNANCE OFFICE
INDUSTRIAL SEkVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
DETROIT, MICH.,
From:
To:
De
:
1 4-1-1
'18
19
Miss Charlo .cte Hine, Supervi spr 'omen's Branch,
Industrial service Section,
Miss Mary Van n eeck, Director,
Woman in Industry Service, Washington, D.C.
Subject:
1913
lniy Dear Miss Van Meech:-
As I have been very busy making out my final
report for Mrs. Tead, I was unable to meet you in
Chico November 23rd to 26th. I regret tills very much
as it woul.d have given us an opportunity to talk over
the matter of legislation in this State.
As yet I have not heard from :ass Peterson,
but would be very glad if she would visit here. I
think that it is not an oppurtune time for her to cone
to Michigan, but later when we have fornulated plans,
'her assistance will be invaluable.
I communicated with Prof. John A. Commons of
the Wisconsin University and he has referred me to
Prof. Leiserson of Toledo and to Mr. F. H. Croxton,
Columbus,. 0., formerly statistician of the Ohio Industrial Commission. He thinks tbat these men could guide
usland tell us. the proper procedure . I will communicate
,wi th you again as soon as this work has progressed.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Thanking you, I am,
Sincerely yours,
CHARLOTTE HIND,
Supervisor Women's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
January 9, 1919.
My dear Miss Hine:
I have telegrarhed you today asking for a suggestion of a
good speaker from Michigan Who could take part in a oonference tibia
is being planned in Indianarolis the end of the daonth. At the request
of the Governor we have made a brief survey there, preparatory to a
program for labor legislation for women which is being worked out by
local groups. These groups are planning a series of meetings 'Alia will
serve to interest the people of Indiana in the need for better labor
legislation. One of these meetings is to be a luncheon at Nhich there
will be representatives of Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois and lichigsa9,outlining their own programs for labor legislation. We believe that the
meeting can be male of service not only in Indiana but to the neighboring states.
I hope that your plans for labor legislation in Michigan are
progressing well. I would suggest that you feel free to call upon us
for help in the initial details of the plans rather than to wait until
they are fortAilated, since we might be able to save you $ome time and
trouble. I have heard from your Department of Labor that an eight hour
bill is under consideration and I hors that this means you have been
successful in securing cooperation. Let us know if Ne can assist you in
any way.
Sincerely yours,
VirK/L
Mary Van Kleeck, Director
Woman in Industry Service.
Miss Charlotte Hine,
Detro't District Ordnance Office,
Book Building, Detroit, Michigan.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
November 21, 1118.
Miss Charlotte Hine,
Detroit District Ordnance Office,
Industrial Service Section,
Book Builaing,
Detroit, Michigan.
My dear Misa Hine:
I am veryr glad to have your letter and to know that you
are intereted in working actively for tort. adequate legislation
1 annir:g SOMA
for women in industry in Michigan. We are just now pworking
ComeiLesion,
Nork in Indiana at the r luest of the Industrial
result
The
state.
toward the strengthening of the labor laws of the
lo
will, I al, sure, be usef.11 to you in Mlchigan, but we shol
be glad to be of :Dore direct service If that proves possible.
I w. asking Miss Agnes Peterson of our staff who cane
to us from the Minnesota Department of Labor to write to you. It
may be that Miss Peterson could go to Michigan when her work in
Indiana 13 com-leted in order to advise with you on this subject.
We have in mind cooperatio7, with the local aganciee in
the development of more uniformity in state labor laws, although
of couree it is necessary that action uhould be taken according
to the needs of the state in question.
Wo are al 'o planning some exhibits of women's work which
may be of service in ihowirg standards which iho,A.d be adopted, and
it is possible tat we can assist you in Michigan in that way. T
shall be in Ch.icago from November 23rd to 26th, staying at Hull House.
If there is any chance of your being there at that time I shall be
very glad indeed to talk the whole matter over with you.
Sincerely
Mary Van Kleeck, Director,
Woman in Industry Service.
TELEPHOIYIff
CADILLAC 7680
WAR DEPARTMENT
/62
DETROIT DISTRICT ORDNANCE OFFICE
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
DETROIT, MICH.,
From:
1.4cm, 16th, '1819
Miss Charlotte Hine, Supervisor Women's Branch,
Industrial Service Section,
To:
Subject:
Miss Mary Van Kleeck,
In Charge of the Women in Industry Service,
Department of Labor,
Washington, D.C.
My Dear Miss Van Kleeck:-As a result of my work in this Districts
I have dediced to devote some of my energies in an
endeavor to obtain more adequate legislation governing
the conditions under which women work in industry. I
feel that we have some hope of success since the women
of Michigan have been granted Suffrage.
Has your Division formulated any standards
that we cculd use as a basis for our work, or would
it be better for us to follow along the lines of the
Wisconsin and Massachusettls Commission?
I would appreciate very much any assistance
and co-operation that your Division can give me.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Very truly yours,
1
.
C
LOT
Supervisor Women's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
TELEPHONE
CADILLAC 7680
MAR DEPARTMENT
DETROIT DISTRICT ORDNANCE OFFICE
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
DETROIT, MICH.,
August 29th,
From:
Miss Charlotte Hine, Women's Branch, Industrial Service Section.
To:
Miss Mary Anderson, Assistant Director, Women in Industry,
Washington, D.C.
Subject:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
My dear Miss Anderson:In my letter of August 14th, addressed
1.
to the Committee on Public Information, I had in
mind the Federal Eight Hour Law for men. I had
been at vised to secure this in order to familiarize
myself with its terms. I was glad to receive the
information from you that it had been suspended in
many instances since the War.
I was greatly interested in knowing that
2.
the Women's Trade Union League will attempt to
introduce a bill into Congress for the eight hour
day for women. I hope that their efforts will be
successful.
I also wish to thank you for the copies
3.
of General Orders #13.
Very truly yours,
c-11
CH/B
CHARLOTTE HINE,
;iomen's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Auguut 21, 1916.
CIAlotte Hine,
L:rtnch,
DaLrJit District ,:rinL,Jice
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f;ect.i)n,
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,)ngrJr33, out so.in
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4rnqn A.ftr the 'hi Ld labor
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iet th4t ri.v
new chlA
intrYJct.Unthe
urIL: Jn 6:;vernment,cc;ntrults,
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Instlmces this
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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CADILLAC 7680
WAR DEPARTMENT
DETROIT DISTRICT ORDNANCE OFFICE
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
DETROIT. MICH..
A.-uc,u_st 14th,
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Subject:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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TELEPHONE
CADILLAC 7680
313
WAR DEPARTMENT
DETROIT DISTRICT ORDNANCE OFFICE
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
DETROIT, MiCH ,
August 12th, 19_18.
From:
Miss Charlotte Hine, Women's Branch, Industrial Service Section.
To:
e,
Miss Mary Anderson, Assistant 1)irector, Women in Industry Servic
1)epartment of Labor,,
Washington, D.C.
Sutzject:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
My dear Miss Anderson:1.
Your letter of August 6th received.
I
appreciate very much your reply to the many questions I have asked Miss Van Kleeck, as it throws
a great deal of light on my work.
2.
I will go into detail in regard to the
contracts in Grand Rapids, Michigan and let you
know my findings at the earliest opportunity.
Very truly yours,
C',11/B
CHARLOTTE HIi1E,
Amen's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Publicity ilotes
Requests to allow photographs
liar History PlLns
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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TN TIMITT,TRI
August 5, r18.
TT./ 1,N,..r Vies
Van 7:1,icok has been called out of the city to
-tation in the cl1rica1 lriustAos of Ni.a-!;ara
investi
direet the
to reply tn ynur Uttor.
re
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In re7mr1 to the investilations by the District Ordnwice,
'of the "nnon's Branch not to make !?any
, been V.7(1 none,
ha.,
inventicrationu unless there is a special reason for it. That
34: nther invnntiations goull be 7.-Tohibited. In
1.neF! -nt roan
order to 7,4st the work started and familiarise oneself with the
inventiati.ons will have o he ;f1a0e. V;(4 are
district, cc
serdiylg' under seraftte cover cori.es of Gersral Ordern /fil3, which
is a guide for Idb;pr stardarls. The Whr Inbor Board has ieeued
mi-flar etnndnr4s. vtleee orderm are suggestiens only anl do not
morr.rped* the Vriehtar ftate lave. The °orInss rinchoe the
Or!Inarce Derr.r.tront to worR.eir! very Mocely with the StfAte Labor
Departm(lnte, and it iv roll to -ret in touch vit.1 the domcf
conri.erioner of labor nnl also the Fri-lerlent Service. Miss
Van 10.--..eek 14 the Directr,r of tha /omen in If.ndustry Service of the
ttir Der-artmont. Mrs. Ne%le is the Director of the U. S. El/ley-Trent Servic.e with separate functions, lm are working very closely
e to have a
,.1
with the U. B. Prrlorlent Service, however,
Miss Van Kleeek
work,
that
votel entirely to
rember or our staff
??1 t tatt would he well for you to make a special investi4ation
into the contracts of the rirvu ir Irand Rapide handlinii the
f',0vernment contrIcts. Grand Rtpids to my knowled7;e has always Veen
,fte.
S rery low payinr, center, and needs lookin
Ni9e Van Klimek wishes me to sly that she M very
artreciative of your good wishes for her now undertaking.
tilneerely yours,
Asvistunt Direetor,
Women in Industry Service.
rips Charlotte Pine,
Detroit District Ordnance Office,
Book 3uilding,
Detroit, Michigan.
TELEPHONE
CADILLAC 7680
WAR DEPARTMENT
DETROIT
DISTRICT ORDNANCE OFFICE
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
DETROIT. MICH.,
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CADILLAC 7680
WAR DEPARTMENT
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INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
19
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CADILLAC 7680
WAR DEPARTMENT
DETROIT DISTRICT ORDNANCE OFFICE
INDUSTRIAL SERVICE SECTION
BOOK BUILDING
DETROIT. MICH..
July 29th,
19
18.
From:
Miss Charlotte Hine, Women's Branch, Industrial Service Section.
To:
Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director of Women in Industry Service,
Department of Labor, Washington, D.C.
Subject:
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
My Dear Miss Van Kleeck:I am basing my reply to your letter of
1.
July 24th upon information secured from Capt. Blunt,
as he had already made a thorough investigation of
conditions in Lirand Rapids.
The Ordnance Department has contracts with
2.
about six plants in Grand Rapids but the Signal Corps
has far more important work with these same plants.
On June 3rd a committee was appointed in
3.
Grand Rapids, consisting of Mr. L. A. Cornelius, Chairman, Mr. Daniel Power, Mx. S. Gallemeyer, Mr. H. B.
Dix of the Wilmarth & Morman Conpany, to investigate
the advisability of introducing a basic eight hour day
in the industries in that city. Mr. Cornelius spent
several days in Washington obtaining data pertaining to
the 8 hour day regulations and later the committee held
a conference with Capt. Blunt. The result of the investigation of the Manufacturers Committee revealed the fact
that only a small proportion, tnat is 10%, of Government
contracts fell undet the provision of the eight hour day
law. To quote from Mr. Cornelius' letter to Capt. Blunt:"It is the consensus of opinion that concerns now
employing men on the nine-hour basis should continue and
that those who are employing them on a longer time basis
should shorten them up to the nine-hour day. Further, that
fifty hours per week should be the weekly schedule on account
of the Saturday half holiday, and that time and one-half
should be paid in excess of the fifty hours per week."
This is being quietly put into effect and will probably
become the standard working day in Grand Rapids. It is the
opinion of Capt. Blunt that they are gradually working toward
the shorter eight hour day.
In comparison with Detroit the wage average in
4.
Grand Rapids is lower, but not so with other cities in
Michigan.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
#2
Miss Van Kleeck
July 29th, 1918.
Owing to the small number of contracts
5.
in Grand Rapids, other cities are recruiting their
labor supply from this city.
If you wish me to make further investi6.
gations into the contracts in Grand Rapids, I shall
be very glad to do so. I think it resolves itself
into a question of recognition of the unions rather
than the Manufacturers Association.
e1Jaz CHARLOTTE HINE,
Women's Branch,
Industrial Service Section.
CH/B
4
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
11.TMTRY $17,41-.014
July 24,
.
618
Miss Charlotte Hine._
Detroit District Ordnanse Office,
Book Buildkng,
Detroit, Vichigan.
My
dear Miss Fine:
Ve are in receipt of a letter of which a C017
is
attached fror the Trade; and Labor Councia, Grew) Raride,
Vichi7an, nic,red by 'rr. Bort Slot, calling attention to the hours
of work and wm.es in factories in grand Rarids.
if you will let
I shall NI 0E0
kyle'? whether the Ordnance Derartment has contracts
tIF.
with slants in evrand 71a: ids, und if these are iscortAnt enough to
warrant it, whether you would be willin, to make
t1,3re And let us know the re s u3 ts.
Sal
inyeztigation
If your Iniuiry ttos the
need for a rore extensive investigation affect ;ng contreAtF: from
departments other than the Ordnance, It might be y.ossible "'or the
Insreetion and Invelitigation Service! pi' the Departr-ent of Labor to
soike the inqjiry.
This letter is being sent directly tr, y , u rather
than to Mrs. Tead becaucfl she is out of town.
A copy is being filed
in her office too.
I trust that your first week in Detroit is proving
-3.4-!sfactory•
Since rely yours,
Director, "moron in Industry Service.
COPY
TRADES AND LA9OR COUNCIL
Grand Rar ids, Michigan.
e -Referred by Dr. Meeker, Comm. of
Labor Statistics
To Mr. Stewart, I and I Service.
By Mr. Stewart,
To Miss Van Kleeck.
July 18, 1V18.
ledwi M. Blake,
Special Agent,
ChicAgo, Illinois.
Dear Sir and Brother:
Will you permit us to call your attention to a natter
of sufficient imortance to receive consideration of your office.
As You no doubt are awa-e a nurbq- of contracts for
war work have been (riven to the firms in this city.
We are firmly convinced that Government regulations,
as we unierettni them, are not beim!, adhered to.
We also must admit that nroof of our contentions in
this matter is hard to secure. However we submit such evidence as we
have at hand.
9 and 10 hours rer da:/ with
"Factories Are we
time and one half for overtime above this time. This applies to
all factories wit,h pos:db'y few exceptions.
'Women and children are being erployed in several
We suppose of course that the children lave permits,
"Accord' g to report of State tabor Department wages
in his city are below the averaie paid.in othe - cities of this
state.
A very large percent of the members of the Builling
Tradesmen have left the city to secure work elsewhere.
All the Union, Building Tradesmen have the Eight Hour
day. 14 find it very difficult however to organise the men in these
lties because of he oprosition of the Holland Churches of this city
who refuse in nearly every instance to allow their members to join a
labor union affiliated with the A. F. of L.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
-2-
The population of this city is largel- of Holland
extraction.
We are convinced regardless of sufficient proof to
substantiate our claims thai the Manufacturers' Association and the
Builders' and Traders' Exchange are the main opposition to our movement.
We are not writing this communication in the spirit
of seeking to make trouble, but rather with the idea that with the
co-oreration OP the proTer a thorities matters could be straightened
out to the satisfactio- of every one coicerned.
The fact that so many of our people are leavLng this
City to secure employment elsewhere, that it materially interferes with
manufacturina. qaximum production in the plants engare in war work.
Believing that adjustment of cr,rditions vill overccme
this evil, necessitatec our writing your Bureau.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Respectfully yours,
(Signed) Bert Slot,
Secretary -Treasurer,
Building Trades Council.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
September 25, 1918.
Major K3niall Banning,
O'ic,.14 of the Chief of Statf,
War College Division, War Dept.
Whington, D.C.
My lear 'Pm.jor Banning:
By an inexcn3able oversi:ht
of July 24th ha n(it
that .Ne cp-o lrat,e
reconi of the war
has, ho.:ever,
letter ani, I
Your suiwation
:LTA in
tiirig
h'.)t3gn.1011.0
,.:1...1vitles or .40,.ien in :he tinite(l Stites
,on in Lay Pi.1
lihm1
Y olir
ever iince the recopt of your
bc vori glal to have an oprortunity to
yl' with you about it, esnocially as it coavs in connection
Arith a number of sirailar :v.igt;r3stion8 regariing
oving pictre•
an.-1 photog.:-..t.)hs of .voner, at work to be uued in brioging :ore
oen irto the .vttr iniustrieo.
If ;ro
wiJi ani
a tii-ue
mhen I ..r y see you, I shall be gl;--t1 1.nifkai.ltt go over the
mltter In more
,ret exce -Aingly t -it no acknowlelgment
,vint to you elrlter from this orfice.
Sincerely yours,
ArK/AL
Mary
Klaeck, Director
'Nowan in Inciustry Service.
k.=Olo
WAR
COLLEGE
DIVISION
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
WAR
DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF
‘VASHINGTON
July 24th, 1918.
Miss Mary Van Kleek,
Chief of the Women-in-Industry Service,
U. S. Department of Labor,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Madam:
In today's issue of the Washington Herald, I notice
an interesting item concerning the proposed activities
of the newly created Women-in-Industry Service.
Your kind cooperation is requested in maintaining a
com -mhersive photographic record, not only of the activities
of your department, but also of the war activities of
These pictures are
women in general in the United States.
General Staff,
the
of
Division
desired by the War Plans
and record of
history
pictorial
to be incorporated in the
the war.
You may be interested to know that this office has many
hundreds of photographs of women war workers in its files,
and is constantly obtaining new pictures of this description.
Your assistance in this task would be valued.
Yours very truly,
4
,
410f
drnw
--Sig. R. C. 1
October
70R:
ATTENTION Mr. Jon W. Colton
Aaor B. A. Trannin, Bride..Ort tistr5ct Ordnance Office.
77pr)4:
Miss Van Kleeck, Dirctor, Woman in Industry Service.
1. My reply to your inquiry and also to our memorandum
forwarded to us by the War Industries ,Board ha., beer, delayed
on a plan for publicity and r:ublic
because this office is at work
education ir connection wIti till increased e-naoyment of wo7len, wl7tch
until we had
I hope may be of ser-irls to you, and I wished to
sollethinv: definite to report.
Nail
2. As you may know, the War Collee has probably Vqa most
tr' be found anywhere of photogras of woTen in
collection
cowlete
the war industries. They are giicng us access to tese photoraphs
..id this will enable us to secure copies fro:, the original sources.
We have under cmsiieration a plan for exhibits in certain sections
which may include movin TA•ctures, potocyaphs, models an other
means of 4rousing the interest boti, of the women and of the employers,
Since it is eslential tat th7,t employers should be interested in tne
establishtent of standards Nhien shall be most effective if the best
reaults are to be secured in the employment of wcyr,en.
3. It; I am to be in Boston early next week I shall be glad
to arrane to ston at your office in Brid_e,.ort on Tuesday, probably
arriving ther. at about noon, if that would be convenient for you.
My suggestions can be much uPre Practical if I c:in have an opportunity
for conference with you.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MV7:I72
Mary Van Aleock, Director,
Woman in Imlustry Service.
r
ALL
•
COMMUNICATIONS
SHOULD
BE
ACCOMPANIED
BY
CARBON
-1
COPY
AND
ADDRESSED
TO
ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT
TO INSURE PROMPT ATTENTION.
IN
REPLYING
OFFICE OF ORDNANCE DISTRICT CHIEF
.T
945 MAIN STREET
REFER TO
BRIDGEPORT, CONN.
PRODUCTION
NO.
uct. 2, 1918.
DIVISION
ATTENTION OF
Brf.dger;ort Dist. Ord. Production Office, Labor btimulation
lass Van Kleeck, 'omen In Industry Service,
Uashington, D. C.
To:
ecion
-oartrent of Labor,
1. Er. Herbert Bayard Swope has informed me in a letter
that you
probably could give me information that I seel: regarding the
stizlulation of the interest of Toren in industrial employment.
2. I would like to receive any photographs you may have that
could be used in newspapers to arouse the interest of women in
working in munition factories and any data that you may have revealing the hinds of work they are now doing, or are capable
of
doing; in fact anything which you may have that would assist
us
in our endeavors to supply the munition factories
7it'arrmcin lebor.
Z.
77
''d'r
—'-
I hear from you tt your earliest convenience?
By order of "Laj. B. A. Franklin, Production Eanager.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
J. L. BROOKS, Chief,
Labor Ttimuiatjon Section,
ctJ.
By:
mairmASIMINMII
iimpos/o0Momm" '
W. COLTON
Over
S
Van Y.1o3ck, Director
Colton in 1z:ridge-port. He '/VZ1E3 fornier
for
of the Springfield onion and is now haniling ne,vs-paper publicity
-ition
registr
recent
the
the District Ordnance Office. He stated that
,
of women in Bridgeport carried on jointly by the Emrloyment Service
very
was
,
Defense
the Ordnance Office and State Council of National
already
successful. 30,000 Amen were registered, of ,vhorn 21,a00 ,•,,ere
and
..vokk
for
le
ernrloyed or not -1.b1e to go to work. 2600 ;.ere availab
no
is
t'nere
the re•A.lnler wanted part-time emoloyinent. Of these 1.'.)603
that
,r wo actually..;apolied` but. indications- Acre
re.corl of the nai-;f:.,
there
many want dire ctly to the lants and the reuult sealus to be that
ort.
Bridgep
in
plants
the
in
ie no shortage of women workers
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
D
41111.11111.•
•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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OW
11,
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%Or,
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•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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4.1
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•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
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•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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+A
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,
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•
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
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tr
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https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
ie
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
iG/bhb
Return to
2-dministrat ion Div is ion
:RENCE LIBRARY BR.A1TCH
.,.--ress Clipping Unit
I'LAIRLI 3
Gene ral
lice of min ement.
on has conservative
38:7 e Arms Cor or
isappear.
war wi
To :drepare or peace v)en ni a ion
9.
0.ug.
.on.itor,
Christian •.;cience
for big financi , vote
,
Bethlehem 3teol Corporation plane
Aig. 9
ni.s• n
:
mortp:age to secure :h1-21earned 4,27 a share in
Midvale :;teel and Ordnance Coma
Tor
•ew
s000 • guar er
tv of 10 000 fine and
Power plant forbids Treatc113s under__yenal_k
9enitentiary sentence for violation. Taisihvale Manor, Aug. 1.
tr
District Chief of Ordnance far _Lt_.
eees fat city as vast munAlon cont7oT.
Aug. 1.
induArial re ion
Jt. Louis TOsi'D spa c
in•ation pending. in U. S. i.u.preilis
:io corn romise to be aide in lit_La
3. Steer Corporation —
to
dlifolve
iroverturea seeks
C,ourrty
area Sherman Anti-trust law. 0:.;:se "Woe postponeci until after
war. Lew York iorld, ug, 7
Heiden Chemical i- Vorks taken over by alien property custodian.
Offioika ufl.et1n, ug. 2.
New klants
Scondia 71a.nufacturina Com2an,y to manufacture tools ibr making
of sb3ile and Inunirti 3n. 17-ewarTt Trews, _lg. 5
9L;71Lo may be chose
....911.
for 6" Shell Plant_,
Chic aip iTews.aig.6
Buokeze steel Cast' s Co. 3-153.1rtied in order to Laae more
io Lierpatcli, priLly 31
oluinb WES
•)•un aarlfiages,
'- )ut uk at Kings
: to be ,
Buildin=
Ciniinnati nauiror, July 31
LaBelle Iron
orks to enlarge,
Mil:LB by
,:ei,urs c,..rtridL.;e Co.
;.'ittsburgh Gazette Ames, Aug.5
First available figure on Noville Island ilant give id3a of
its monstemi size. ZbmaurIn lennsylv -Inia Disputa, July 31
Amalgamated Maohinory Corporation Rurchases new plait in
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Chicago.
Chicazo Herald T.A.7.43,miner, July 26.
1.3rool,ayrk to have big toluol _plant at works of l'ings
Comty 1fg711tg'o. 3rok1yn tandara irnion, ag. 4, N. Y.
world „ ug. 4.
Twenty-five million dollar
labarna 'TnnrilTzerciir:ros t,;Aga
teol
1:2._aza,
.
._1_15
for Birm
Ocrn4ract3 and Orders
'Whit aka r-Glesaner Co. gets add it ion81 o rder lox' 155 mtia
Fant,ncaa American, Aug. 5
obeli -body fot.....”
Contracts awarded by Ordnance Department 10 .ioconsin firms
Mint. lAT.rilune, Aug. R.
uinoey
11.1 l'irme bid ior Go-yarn:wont Zontracte•
r)uince
Ill. ,i7-7.41g.
if.1
u.
Co.
Journ
ate ten rniljioLI doUrr ordnance orde=.
un
mado to 1.13.ce
ci
area FEws, • it
helmets, -iirmingham ::.177:5—
1.41:11:0 _eta are
.iheelir
1-oual
.',..ctE; for 1 50._ 000
Co. transforme
larrt in order to
b .- I....contract for c artridires has been awarded Crown, Cork
re ;31111
33 f.;er.T cro. of SITTmerb; 1-7L,-Inzeore star, "Jg. 2, Baltimo
Aug. 10, Baltimore -un, ug. 3,
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•6
a
•
irif •
10
•
•
4
.
.
'r
Pt
Pre4;f:,
•
ne ral
.2.1Espyr...t.h... _.a. p.d dove)orateLt of _the
pti on of... p
Sun Shop at -Poohester: N. Y, World, Aug, 14,
Abc.i e r (IL
ra_ tura., p2.inta 1.A...t..o._12-141.1.,t).9n..
-5„
us, t.";.-T)1.-spatch,
d-oluiCb-
. remark
-time.
P e nay 1 VFiM.i a
. Colive
and.
Engineering
fa.otory that aitaie liColeur noy, imkking 4,7" shiolle,,
Jo4rna,1, Aug, 10.
yisyv Orleans upsker., .Lolie_rntrient.. ret
Nz
,A C.r2e4,-,k. State, Aug. 11.
Pohi
o
Fockf ord Sun, frui
ion
T 11. ur.g_ed to trjfc
Lac kic
N. ""L
prpap
.proiks because of munit 1,on o1ant
-
!slays_ LArka.ip,g,J....1U
meg_ bec ome_mimit ion Center.
tappoi al_ flaz_provided more than 504 of f e„c tory
ordnance materiel -do lurtilus State Journal, A ilg;, 12
)uut i
aleclt
The _atay p_lanp of the hundreds of chemical plants erected to
chemiola.1
r requarements 1-6 he discussed at annual exposition of
inciLzstries in -N. Y,, Sept. 23, Array 8e Navy Journal s. Aug „ 10.
Co.New
pit
,k 1 ngRI-Yet
Iron Age, Aug. lb.
pp, Tar:id._ proir,ress_.
•
-u-
.tcrk_ atN'aph.trillt,
Chicago News,
F.
)
Serie t
ourne.d....
• CR! t_o_ rjaa.ke_ TNL,. To 'rebuild Sp'it Rock pla.nt, shiCi
Drug wfq ter, Aug,. 12.
'Oil Pa1r1
g_S. to build large TNT plant in Prooklyn,
LightiRo
57
Drooklyn Citizen, Lug. t o get bi
icag
he11p1t.To mt,
x tulaire'r, July 28
5 boo
jtki_
5
e
IS a any
M
f:&LC ture re
Re Co rd,
Aug.
new picric acid
011 Prdnt
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
•
Drug Reporter, July 2
-
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
•
•3
-
-
3
D.Vome
8/2C/18
/11,
at West Alton, troyed,
.
co
s
dg
ri
rt
Ca
ki
de
Weistern
tely
IlIP_ILW/I_destroys_ and 6 small buildings comple
s
Two pLiwcier magazine
er, Aug c 9.
o Post,
Springfield Regist
yfgc Co. Chicag
011 vat eAplodits
- , Aug. 9.
Aug. V; Chicago dirsii
EiPtlqes
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Aitro.
irer, Aug u 10,
Cincinnati Fnqu
k&44:4 )--r,t,v,i /eaLt,4t4J ''
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
.
.4
,
•
4,
SO
ft
'01
•
•
•
Aligtot Z.1433.
LArrit Dr=7.1*
4 Ostsser".1 Press.
TrA=Ine Ie-tbc,r 114,
1,3$471ITJ MT,1 1117 LOOMS&
tho labor NNoss this
mlaiving chief -.-rominenos
The it
•
vartok Are:
()averts Ivotest ags.lnst tbe Anti ltbor mond:vont of Senator
?hurt*
tiIi
te
ttMvtil,foluern-A eltsCriets11.1m tor inStietri1$4 rtmeores
rotr-4 ,.,1nt trot:7; trJrk flvt
0:,)so
-tiit I.
CoAl 111.tv:rs
t 13,,X.C, miners in
Ithst
,re.
tY1 vanserve4ft..0em,
tUt Life
MeAt ?rust ti.t'in firmly to ;.,:tn.iiier 11.3. Contra.
4Affiltata vth Viso
pekers1 Pottsville, Pa.
Stv31
ion or
2ttinlz,u4-
xrorto stool wt. tin %seem
Wilson orals milliner* to help Will tho %vv..
No M4 VInimn lhge 7t3d. (intionml 1hr loillor 3ww4.)
High Covirt renorta in 7,-It Iobor Dtc1strin. Deelstin in the
cs.at
f
rt.
74-,t
ii.tX eor.t*, trverrni/3-1.
4,0101.ilTh
t.:1,1,
zot VIro-0.4h the WI: lobor Boqrd.
Zonit rao cot.„.1:,yulsli.g;,
re-,1,11-1:-.ti?v,: vor11
m37,I Emnerit.
St*r.lri Toes Is 7,1r Vpf4nro. 3*0"nttion of mt-,-,:r.arliz.4ila
or woke.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Gempftrs
stall Libor in .r.t,arce.
neoemnise Ipke so-rkents =Am.
Justice for laponny b1oc:-34 '.-47
,v4t.
•
20
1.
2
Srorin.to Ceztr,df,471.
7txtrth Liberty Lorka.
tr.s. !,*3x..tco
mist be
H1116140* in :lit-Atte of untm s!,:t7y:4-tta
nr4v, pa.1-Ars 1-.,. rint-la full T,qvte sdworttse
sArv!ao in var
.ts
inAnstries.
intlAn7:17137.:SM COIMIECLIO CV-YMAL rearannct.
11*re seems to be
lt•lbor etrolos
WNW PallOmrthe rild4ri
artplietAtiZ41 gUld 'mope
ttove7rntent reorntting of lAbor.
ta roarttil„;
of t:ie
ors, urt!ar tha
Tfor?e, Usi Clagrlaistm.„ the est of Teach ie
tot en.tirg: Irrters".
rilemittr.4 of Inbar (44-Itoh
wrt--.t into effefet aoirist 1st, nItivragla, it hr.0
t%rtt
31,41r: irsri
fl:sytiatriz exclusive easitr-il
rcl:Irillti4.4.5 of toiskille.i
ell:1;41Valt
s11-•
an lamest timl.tplitod &wee. N'GVArt,t;
b3ik
dirgntt
tiv)
1-bor far wo? tutnitr
so:-010.1:41 of Ow 1107:Nrtrop-,t ,*f Lftbor
ti!r) e,n-loyment s"rirtoe
v.:,t..1.4% of
litrzy of tirl workers
11114, revrtinz
WAN, are taruier the
A soliernl
nse oollmisliwt to
triol
1-1.borar
frket•
work *hors he
btst **rye hts, eotuttr3r the Aver,,,lorests ritttevrtrlace ef
CAA
roe- ,4,11
-4:vol•ant-try ult-tAar.
of the trm%sferemos of
otsseif.t 1-11
r
the T3.7---"In
=rat
sAys: Ivo irove 45-4t,r7
All ho
Per't
0411.....1rAt,„)nip
t-to.r
mrz, of St. Lents, (Aue. 16)
*Ivry ,lust olmtn or emory indr.stry
4.1
1 etny
one is eptn,z, to slitrr -417
orlers
rf
Ce1Mty
.411 4to
'?r-A,T1tly t'-nre *Ill be iv-1 ne.1.1 for rm-110.11 chAtvrts.
:iuty
nev"-Is
re :11-st be Xis.:7=t ful1y sungtoti to bo tiffelottirzt.
bee!,..11v, ova. soU,!,
1.4.1a;-;
v.-itt nor* k•foe,-c-r5
offteill .neney . 41re!, wIrdlAblis to so
-Irtlt*t
-- rtAkr geor: if smt,s
woe,-,:ers t...s
the
skill ottritinel itt. Voir vrIvieras emlo:rwat• There is a zviturra roluoti%noe
of.
worl:ars to take chanods with private ethployers who are interested
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
in war rrofits tii,i4A in 44,r
r4auation. The workers ure not
tiling
to e=rifice their st”,ndarls of living for lower wAgau tt2lt ,,111 only enm.
rich private maoloyers wha happen to haw) ;. 4ar colAtrcts.
Neither do we be..
thnt the Goverment All taLe any 4ction th_vt A•li force Cie workers
into scat conditions. Tbe workers rust so* to it tillt ;i.oiiilotion'
w,inp.
talhod. Tim Government will see thAt livind standards are waintsined. There
Is no cause for fear.
TB! TENDENCY OF CMRALIZATION.
After citing CIe various ways in wieh. local authority is giving
'Pose to Tedersl oraers, t4e Wheeling MAJORITY , one of the most quoted 1,tbor
paoes, says In its issue of Aa4us1 16„ that now etate flaJ4 cdty levArtwents
merely carry out the orders of the 'Wirral Government.
Not .1.1 of thoso
ogo will be =scrambled, says the editor. lb will 4)t saW, afficiev,cy
sat ef this enforcea unity, this cousyuleary oe...opqrmtion, that we will not
want to threw it ovorboisr.i. After the war.
tad we couLl. not if
wAnted to.
=CONSTRUCTION.
Mr. Mimosa Nimu, cLAIrwn of the Land Settlemont Borq‘d of the
State of California,n-4 boon appointed by Secretary LAM*
tO
assist In
ferrAilAing a 7)elicy for colonizi71 returned soldiars of the American
ex—ditico - ry forces.
t..
It is unrstood thal the pLx. for ,,ush Tlvvislon
coliseat of Prastlet 7114,4 4ILL t4t
wpropriatiow: of fully
t;,,000,000 Is .1vailable vdlth viLich to bogie ttis .,-ork. Before takinc up
-:ork in CaliforAiA Dr. :414 lavls been instrumental in settlInd several
tkoual4Ii N4A1I4*
the State coloulas of Victoria .1111 Sew SauthlWles.
(Survey, okiA)st 16.)
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
The Council of :7,,,Itiorla Deforlise
its Advisory Commission.
8 : 20 : 4
eeding to LIpIde a preliminary
under authority of the President, are ;:roc
ts.
study of reconstruction in its various asrec
They have been engaged
es of information on the sub—
in the first instance in examining the sourc
able in this countrLT for such
jedt. For the past three months material avail
has been laid for a closer
a study has been searched, and the foundation
stuck/ of the problem.
ly
While there is .7%s yet no coradttee as: edial
charged
the Council and of its Advisory
with this work, G.B. Clari:son, secretary of
staff to handle it.
Commission, is gradually builAn6 up a small
In a
the activities of theCouncil
letter tb the SURVEY, Mr. Clarkson says that
dice to the creation of a
in regard to redonStruction are without preju
esta'olish for the purpose
separate body which the Goverrverxt may later
of dealing with the whole matter.
(Survey, August 16 )
MR. WALSH ENDORSES FRANCIS J. IIENET.
, the candidacy of
III% Walsh has endorsed, in unqualified terms
Francis J. Aeney, special counsel in the Chicago
the governorship of California.
at packers case, for
This letter, written en the official
nted as campaign litera•
stationery of the War Labor Board, is being repri
ture by Hepey's headquarters.
A full page advertisement appears in
CLARIO, carrying this letter
last weets issue of the San Francisco LABOR
Honey.
under the caption, War Labor Chairman Endorses
TIM I.W.W. VERDICT.
of the 101 I.T.W's
In commenting on the verdict in the case
the prosecution of the war
indicted for consfliracy to interfere with
would have been extraordinary i:
the N.Y. TIr2S says editorially that it
st the defendants of "guilty
the jury had failed to bring in a verdict again
as charged".
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
example of thS
It is high time, says tie TIMES, to make an
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
mephitic agitators of the I.W.W.
The American people are terribly
in earnest about the work they have to do in this war, and they expect
prosecuting officers, Federal and State, to do their duty without fear or
favor.
The Philadelphia PUBLIC LEDGER says:
There will be small
sympathy for the men who are held responsible for the excesses of the
I.W.W., however much to be commiserated are the hosts of ignorant and
unfortunates who were thekrdupes, and who were decedived into believing
that the I.W.W. was the champion of the down—trodden....
The rope has
been long and the hischief done has been wiuespread, but the drawing of
the noose should have a wholesome effect in opening the eyes of the oeuntry
to the real character of this organization.
The WORLD says:
It was the hand of Kultur that gripped the
torch and bomb and fashioned the evil inventions of sabotage.
It was
the conspiracy against the United States and against the triumph of its
just struggle, running like a blood—red thread through the mazes of this
sensational trial, that guided the jury to its patriotic verdict. It
is a verdict that should clear the air.
It shows an Anerica aroused,
no more hesitant of grappling with foes at home than it is fearful at
faoing its feesen the firing line.
The comment in the labor press will not come in for several da
April 22, 1919.
From:
The Woman ta Industry Service, U. S. Dellartment of Labor.
To:
Historical Branch, War Plans Division, General Staff.
Subject:
4%/2-- 8V-4"4 -1-
Copy for A Handbook of Agenales of Economic Mobilisation
for the lir of 1917.
The attadhed copy is returned as substantially correct. The
title should be the Woman in Industry Sorvice and the spelling of Miss
Van Fleeok's nano should ba corrected. It.is suggested that tile definition of functions follow the language of the appropriation of 1919,
namely that the Service was charged with the duty of °promoting and
leveloring the welfare of wage-earning women, improving the working
coniitions of women and advancing their opportunities for profitable
employment ani to coordinate and control all work in the Depart:tient of
Labor anl other da7)artments having to do with any matter of policy or
7rocelure with reference to wopoon mme-o3:ners."
In dealing with the Standards it is snggested that it is not
the prenaration of the pamphlet which mos tho trportant point. It would
be better to say tnat standards governing the errloyment of women in
alorted by the War Labor
iniustry were formulated by the Servioc
Policies Board.
For your convenience the attached statealent prenared for the
CouLittee on Appropriations is --;rolght to your attention. You may wish
particularly to mantion as illustrations of our work the frabjects referred to un Paged 3 and 4.
Eno.
MU/ALL
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Mary Van Kleock, Director
Woman in Indlistry Servioe.
April 21, 1919.
'Aajor P. B. l'attarson, Chief
Hoonomic Mobilisation &lotion,
Ur Department, hashington,D.C.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
My dear Major Patterson:
mem to Ickno41(14ge your memoranium to Miss Van Klaeck
which came luring hor absolve from Ow city. Tnis alea.oranium, 4th
its Jnclosurs, will oe brought to ner s.tt3ntion =on :ner return.
Sincerely yours,
ALL
Secretary to Miss Van Kleeck.
WAR
PLANS
DIVISION
•
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF STAFF
WASHINGTON
From; Historical Branch, Tar Plans Division, General Staff.
11
6
To:
.
-e ,
c
Subject:
Copy for A Handbook of Agiencies
for the War of 19f7.
.
•
ECOMMiC Mobilization
1. The Historical Branch has under way the preparation 'of
copy for a proposed Handbook of Agencies of Economic Mobilization
for the War of 1917. It is designed to include in it all organizations concerned with the economic activities of the United States
n
during the war, giving, where possible, the date of the formatio
of each, the auspices under which it was formed, and a brief account
of its functions and personnel*
2. Inclosed is a copy of the proposed article on the organization with which you are associated. If there arc any mistakes
or omissions, this office will be glad to be informed, and will
Make the necessary chanLes.
3. It is requested that the article as corrected be returned
to the Chief of the Etonomic Mobilization Section, Historical
Branch, Army 'War College, Washington, D. C. An addressed envelope s
on which no postage is needed, is inclosed.
C. W. WEEKS,
Colonel, General Staff,
Chief, Historical Branch.
By:
crnc
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
R. B. PATTERSON,
Major, General Staff,
Chief, Economic Mobilization Section.
V
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE CHTEF OF STAFF
WASHINGTON
From:
Historical Branch, rar Plans Division, General Staff.
LIJ
Tc.
.
k-A.)
Subject:
Information for files.
The Economic Mobilization Section of the Historical Branch deGnirsires information upon the personnel and duties of branches
ernmental departments that may by their actions affect the oc-mcuic
strength of the United States. To this end, it is requested that
the fL11cwing data be provided, and returned to the unLlersigned:
1.
Crrect title of the office to which this is aedressed:
Woman in Industry Service
2.
Nnme &:f present chief ,fficial in charf!;e:
Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director.
3.
Title of cri:anization t. which this branch reports directly:
The Secretary of Labor,
th2s 'ffice:
4.
Title cf inferior crEanizations rcs7),nsible t
5.
Principal functins of this fficc:
To develop policies and standards in the industries of
the country which shall safeguard the health and welfare.
of women workers; to co-ordinate and maintain close contact with other agencies dealing with special phases of
the problem; to work with and through state departments of
labor.
Roc,ular publications of this cffice:
6.
C. W. WEEKS,
Colonel, General Staff,
Chief, Historical Branch,
By:-
SW
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
PAA-eill-"IL'-FREDERICK L. PAXSON,
Major. U.S.A.,
Historical Branch,
Army War College,
Hildegarde Dolson spent two weeks ransacking
the Public Library and picking the brains of available historians before she wrote this report. She
wasn't trying to prove anything, but in our opinion
the report proves two things: (a) women are doing
hardly anything in this war they didn't do in the
last one; and (b) women are quick to wake up in
an emergency and quick to go back to sleep when
the emergency is over. Point b seems especially
noteworthy even though it is not what makes
women different from men.—WTM.
By HILDECARDE DOLSON
N November 3, 1917, American troops suffered
their first casualties of the war, in France.
Five days later, Broadway newsboys peddling
their election extras shouted "The Wimmin Win!
The Wimmin Win!" New York State's women had
won the right to vote, but were much too busy to
celebrate. Militant suffragettes, along with placid
housewives, had already mobilized on the home
front, to help their men fight a war. In all 48 states,
women were doing a man-sized job of serving their
country, as equals.
* * *
O
—
At the Remington Arms plant in Bridgeport, there
* were 5000 women workers. Half of them were young
housewives and 20- to 30-year-old girls who had
never before worked for wages. ... When the U. S.
Labor Department established a Division of Women's Work, early in the war, 1500 applicants jammed
the employment office in New York alone the first
week. . . . A California plane manufacturer announced, "In several operations, the weaker sex are
even more deft than the men, especially as regards
•
ployes of the aircraft industry were women.
Risking No Necks
Two thousand five hundred women workers clad
in voluminous overalls, labored as section hands,
guards and repair crews, on the Pennsylvania Railroad. ... The United Cigar Stores ran an ad offering "Man's Pay For Women Salesmen," and a businessman in Detroit announced indignantly that he
wouldn't risk his neck in an elevator run by a female.
A more chivalrous statement came from a New York
banker, who told reporters that "Since lady tellers
have decorated our institutions, bank deposits have
greatly increased."
Meanwhile, Navy Yeomanettes had taken up stations in Guam, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Panama
Canal Zone, with thousands more on duty in this
country, releasing men for active service. Women
volunteers numbering into millions were doineevery
conceivable job from making hospital pillows to
farming 740 acres at Vassar. Fashion pages plugged
a new ball gown designed with a pocket for Red
Cross knitting yarn and needles, declaring, "no time
is to be wasted even between the waltz and the onestep." New York University's School of Commerce
opened 142 courses to train women for men's work,
and a teacher there warned her class bluntly, "don't
think you can win this war sitting home comfortably
darning socks."
'The Mad Venture'
In 1915, 47 delegates of the Women's Peace Party,
headed by Jane Addams and Carrie Chapman Catt,
had sailed from this country for the International
Peace Convention in The Hague. The New York
Times referred to the trip as "the mad venture,"
and the young New Republic remarked tartly that
the women might first tackle problems closer to home,
such as whether the Japs should be excluded from
California. In view of the fact that warring Germany had banned all political discussions among
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PHOTO FROM CULVER SERVICE
A WOMAN MAIL TRUCK DRIVER, left, and a lady traffic cop in Washington, D. C., during the last World War.
women, it seemed rather curious that 27 delegates
from that Junkers-minded country arrived at The
Hague.(They were headed by Dr. Anita Augsperg,
who years later fled to Switzerland when Hitler
made it clear what he thought of pacifists on home
territory.) After delegates had drawn up a plan for
an immediate meeting of neutral nations, and continuous mediation to discuss peace terms, convention
president Addams visited several European capitals
to drum up interest in the plan. Coming just after
the sinking of the Lusitania, it was understandable
that England's Grey had small time for the Peace
Party. When the women returned home,Miss Addams
presented a copy of the convention plans to President
Wilson; he called it "by far the best formulation
[for peace] up to the moment." At a huge mass
meeting in Carnegie Hall, Miss Addams used the
phrase, "This is an old men's war," and it was seized
as a banner by German propagandists as well as
honest pacifists. Early in the Spring of 1917, after
Germany had declared unrestricted submarine warfare, Mrs. Catt, as president of the National Woman's Suffrage Association and ex-Peace Party delegate, offered Wilson the services of all suffrage
members, if the U. S. A. went to war. •
The day after the dismissal of the German am-
bassador to the U. S. A., on February 4, 1917, 16
women from different states met in New York. From
that meeting came one of the outstanding women's
volunteer organizations of the war: the National
League for Women's Service, with Miss Maude Wetmore as chairman. During the first hectic weeks of
organizing, a League official wrote to a friend,"Here
I sit in the madhodse, surrounded by vague and
violent volunteers!" On April 6, 1917, when Americans read headlines Wilson Declares War, the
League had 150,000 members, in 31 states. Within
a month, that number had tripled.
One of the first volunteers to apply for membership explained eagerly that she was only a housewife, but was very good at catching spies. As it
turned out, spy-catching was practically the only
wartime work which the League didn't handle.
One of the earliest and most remarkable jobs was
to organize a Bureau of Registration and Information for potential women war workers. With funds
‘->
Women continued
collected from members, the League sent trained
labor investigators into 14 war-boom states. They
went to hundreds of defense plants and listed the
type of jobs women were needed for, and the training necessary. When an Ohio munitions plant needed girls, the League's Registration Bureau helped
round them up from non-boom towns in a hurry. A
South Carolina navy yard wanted women clerks, and
got them from the League. The Quartermaster Depot
in Philadelphia called for extra seamstresses to turn
out Army shirts, and again the League helped out.
Housewives rushed to the Bureau for information
about anything, from welding schools to business
colleges. In October, 1917, the Government asked to
borrow the League's employment files and the
women wl-lo headed the Bureau of Registration—for
the duration. The once vague and violent volunteers
had organized a system which Uncle Sam frankly
appreciated.
No Salt-Smellers They
When the New York members of the League'?
Volunteer Motor Corps first appeared in their natty
uniforms—riding breeches, skirts almost to the
ankles, and a coat patterned after a British army
officer's—there was considerable booing. Several stalwart gentlemen pointed out that very few women
knew how to drive a car, that members of the fair
sex were notoriously ninnies about machinery, and
what if they had to change a tire? The women, unabashed, went to taking courses in driving, mechanics, first aid, signaling, and other requisites for the
coveted certificate. When they lined up in the 71st
Regiment Armory to get shots in the arm, city editors
sent reporters to get hoped - for stories of "Motor
Corps ladies faint dead away as doctor gives serum."
Not a woman fainted One sweetly pointed out to
melt.
quently keeled over after taking these same shots."
In the next difficult year, the Motor Corps girls—
and millions of others — were to knock masculine
inisconceptions about "smelling-salts females" into a
cocked hat. Working with the Red Cross, volunteer
drivers met troop transports at all hours of the day
or night, to speed the wounded to hospitals. Members drove ambulances, carried stretchers, rushed
volunteer farm hands to help harvest crops, were on
24-hour call for the Army.
PHOTO FROM BROWN BROTHERS
PHOTO FROM EU ROPEAN
WOMEN VOLUNTEERED to pinch-hit for drafted street
cleaners after heavy snow storms in New York City.
A BLOOMERED WOMEN'S LAND ARMY worked in
units of 10 to 70 to relieve 1918's labor shortage.
In November, 1917, 68 German and Austrian
diplomats interned in the U. S. A. were to sail for
Europe, under an exchange plan. They had to be
driven to the pier in secrecy at night. Members of
the Motor Corps were picked because they had
proved themselves trustworthy and close-mouthed
in wartime emergencies.
pound. To try to improve this situation, the Woman's
Committee helped distribute Hoover Pledge Cards
on which housewives in every state pledged "myself
to carry out the directions and advice of the Food
Administration."
*
*
*
Help for Hoover
Meanwhile, another volunteer organization had
grown to fighting strength. In our first month of
war, the Council of National Defense was formed in
Washington, with a woman's committee headed by
government-appointed Dr. Anna Howard Shaw and
Ida Tarbell. This committee, enrolling members
through the Federation of Women's Clubs and other
groups, was a n ion-s e
ernment's plans on food conservation, child welfare
and dozens of other wartime problems.
Food Administrator Hoover had announced it
would cost too much to set up the machinery for
food rationing—maybe even 40 or 50 million dollars.
Thanks to this false notion of economy, and the absence of price control, living costs were sky-rocketing; the scarcest foods were in reach of only the
wealthy. In some localities the price of eggs
reached $2 a dozen, and sugar sold for 50 cents a
• I
Enemy agents tried to stir trouble among the
poorer foreign-born settlements, where many women
spoke little or no English, by spreading rumors that
signing the Hoover Pledge Cards meant being bound
to the government for conscripted labor.
To combat rumors and misunderstandings, the
Woman's Committee of Education Propaganda, under Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt, did a brilliant job
of enrolling friendly aliens for English classes, and,
along with the Y.W.C.A., of supplying interpreters
to explain food conservation, welfare projects, U. S.
nou h. one of these
groups formed to educate aliens was called America
First.
Fourteen thousand local branches of the Women's
Committee sprang up across America, and volunteers poured in. In the Middle West, farmers' wives
came by wagon through blinding dust storms. In
northern states that first Winxick, more than one
woman skiied to town, to offer her help. Once enrolled, they sold Liberty Bonds, attended training
classes, swelled the ranks of Red Cross chapters, and
set up children's nurseries in crowded industrial
centers.
Members opened community kitchens and canteens to provide hot meals for war workers. In
many boom towns, the kitchens even provided
suppers at cost—ready to take out—so that tired
munitions workers could feed their families nourishing food, without hours of overwork.
17
*
4
GIRLS AND WOMEN-2500 of them—donned overalls and mechanic's hats to replace drafted men as
grease monkeys, guards, section hands and repair crews on the Pennsylvania Railroad.
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*
*
'What About Their Corsets?'
Then, as in 1943, the problem of producing
enough food for war, with a serious shortage of farm
labor, was a No. 1 headache, and women of all ages
pitched in. High-school girls and grandmothers alike
trained for the Women7S Land Army, to work on
farms in units of 10 to 70. Many teachers gave their
entire Summer vacation to drive tractors, milk and
pitch hay. In every state, members of the Women's
Committee and the League gave courses in practical
gardening, planted vegetables in vacant lots, and
organized community projects to can the surplus
home-grown crops for local hospitals.
Barnard College girls set up a farm in Mount Kisco
and worked under experts. Vassar students, in an
eight-week Summer session, got up at 5 a.m. and
toiled an eight-hour day. The owner of a large upstate New York farm, urged to hire woman helpers,
asked dubiously, "But what about their corsets?"
Meanwhile, women farm hands were discarding both
*01
whalebones and prejudiced notions of "No work foi
a lady," on the sober conviction that food wins a
war, as much as munitions.
•
•
•
In March, 1917, Secretary of the Navy Josephus
Daniels burst into the Navy legal department one
afternoon exclaiming, "Say! Is there any law saying
a yeoman can't be a woman?" The lawyers found no
legal obstacle so, in the next year and a half, the
Navy enrolled 11,275 women yeomen. New York
State led the roll call, with 2329. They served as
translators, fingerprint experts, clerks, stenographers, camouflage artists, and recruiting agents, in
this country and U. S. possessions.
Uniforms were a feminized version of the Navy's
blue jacket, with skirts that would make present-day
conserve-fabric stylists' eyes pop. The women drew
the same pay and maintenance allowance as men,
and could be promoted up to Chief Petty Officer.
Because the public's fancy seemed particularly caught
by the camouflage artists, a group of them staged
outdoor demonstrations in several cities.
On August 12, 1918, Secretary Daniels authorized
enrollment of women from 18 to 40 in the Marine
Corps Reserve. In all, there were 305, serving as secretaries, file clerks and bookkeepers, mostly in Washington. They lived in boarding-houses, had mild military drill twice a day, and were much in demand for
parades. May O'Keefe, of New Jersey, now Mrs.
James E. Hurley, of Brooklyn, was one of the first to
sign up. Since she was only 17, it took a bit of genteel fibbing to induce the recruiting officer to accept
her.
Mrs. O'Keefe clucked disapprovingly when her
daughter joined up with a group called Leathernecks. "It sounds so unwomanly," she fretted. May
was assigned to secretarial duties in the office of
the Marine Corps Commandant in Washington, advanced to corporal, and wore her laced-up-to-theinstep boots with enormous pride. Today, she
bristles at the fatuous notion that her group was
known as Marinettes."We were plain Marines and
darned proud of it," she says.
*
*
*
Problem in Paris
Except for nurses, no women were enlisted in the
U. S. Army. One partial exception to this was the
women's telephone unit of the Signal Corps, under
the jurisdiction of the Army. A YWCA worker tells
of being in Paris just before a group of these girls
arrived for duty. An army captain came to her worriedly, explaining that he was to be in charge of the
Signal Corps girls, and asked her help in arranging
sleeping quarters. He was filled with forebodings, and
wanted advice on how to discipline his charges, how
to guard their morale and morals. The Y worker
began to catch his jitters.
She said later,"The captain and I went to the train
to meet the girls, and after the first few minutes, we
PHOTO FROM EUROPEAN
ONE-FOURTH OF OUR AIRCRAFT WORKERS IN 1918 were women. They wore blouses and ankle-length skids.
knew there was nothing to worry about. Instead of a
bunch of irresponsible kids or excitement-seekers, we
saw a well-disciplined outfit that had come to help
win the war, and wanted to get on with the fob."
The same could probably be said for at least 90 per
cent of the women enlisted in Uncle Sam's armed
forces.
Bloomers Preferred
By 1918, passengers on trolley cars had stopped
gaping at women conductors. Girl subway guards, in
costumes dipping demurely to the ground, were a
familiar sight in New York. A Boston buSinessman
wrote a pamphlet suggesting a bloomer costume for
all women workers, and pointed out that in the case
of women window-washers, bloomers were really imperative. In Lexington, Mass., when the Rev. Christopher Collier went to war as a chaplain, the congregation elected his wife to fill the pulpit. Girl fillingstation attendants and women cab drivers did a brisk
business. Delegates at a lumbermen's convention in
Memphis voted to give "lady lumberjacks" the same
pay as men.
Women were experimental chemists in war plants,
and thousands worked as inspectors of shells and
gunsights. Nineteen out of every 20 workers on hand
grenades, and 50 per cent of all employes in explosive plants, were women. The sex once known as
weaker built artillery cars at NIcKee's Rocks, Pa.,
and worked 1000 strong in the mills of Carnegie
Steel.
Because of the terrific labor turnover, several of
the largest plants hired women to interview departing workers, find out why they'd quit. In many
cases they were persuaded to reconsider.(Twentyfive years later, Henry Kaiser made news with a
similar system.)
JOSEPHUS DANIELS, navy secretary, and a few of the
Navy's 11,275 Yeomanettes. 1918 knew no WAACS.
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Anti-labor employers who hollered for "patriotic
lower wages and longer work hours," while ignoring
industrial health hazards, soon found they had the
feminine contingent to reckon with. Women's committees published the results of tests showing that
workers on a 66-hour-week produced less than workers on a 56-hour-week, because of bad ventilation
and fatigue. The women campaigned for increased
medical protection, better cafeterias and rest rooms
in factories. In several towns, volunteers went from
door to door and persuaded hundreds of citizens to
board munitionettes. Women representing all major
industries drew up a report outlining fair labor standards, which they took to Washington. Later Secretary
of War Baker wrote them:
"You can rest assured that no attack upon our
hard-won industrial standards will receive any
comfort from me. As Secretary of War,I am more
than ever concerned with maintaining them,for on
the protection of basic standards of life, our nationpower depends."
When local communities, recklessly whacking
down budgets, tried to eliminate children's playgrounds or low-cost nurseries, it was women who
held What's to be done? meetings and often averted
the catastrophe. Dr. Josephine Baker, head of the
Federal Children's Bureau and one of the women
who had done most for child welfare in this country,
opened clinics in dozens of cities. To help curb the
frightening rise in juvenile delinquency, women set
up recreation centers in boom towns, invited young
girls to attend evening instruction courses, and fought
cuts in school teaching staffs. When mugging grew
to alarming proportions in a crowded munitions town,
feminine citizens and their husbands helped out the
shorthanded police force by volunteer patrols.
Doctors Discriminated Against
In London, in 1918, a British woman doctor who
had spent six weeks in jail for suffrage activities was
put in charge of a big hospital, with the rank of
major. At the same time, America's 4000 women doctors were fighting valiantly for the right to serve with
the U. S. Army. When the right was refused, many
of them went overseas to work in French hospitals,
often on 48-hour shifts, as the wounded from the
Argonne, St. Mihiel, and other bloody battles were
brought in. Thousands of our nurses, also denied
rank in the Army, were proving their heroic worth
behind the front lines.
Continued on next page
lk
of the Surgeon Generars Department, wrote them
"The Government is unwilling to give encouragement and recognition to efforts to establish schools
for occupational therapy because there is no certainty of the need." He also doubted if more than
2 per cent of the volunteers trained would be used
in hospitals. The women finally obtained a grant from
the War Chest, opened the first school in Philadelphia, and as the wounded arrived from France,
dozens of hospitals begged for the trained members'
services. The demand far exceeded the supply. A
doctor told one volunteer "Your help is a godsend.
Too few people realize the terrific need for mending minds, as well as bodies, after the war."
Women continued
Early in the war several hundred women Red
Cross volunteers, headed by Mrs. William K. Vanderbilt, went to France as canteen workers. At the
famous Red Cross Tent City in Paris, which the
women helped to run, 1500 soldiers got free lodging
and food each night. Canteen workers at a flying
field somewhere in France offered the men a laundry
and mending service. Response was colossal.
In this country, 55,000 more volunteers handed
out cocoa, sandwiches, and cheerful small talk to
servicemen everywhere. Women working in local
chapters made surgical dressings for 2000 hospitals,
and staggering quantities of garments for French
and Belgian refugee children, as well as sweaters
and socks for our own soldiers.
In one week, the Red Cross chapters of South
Carolina turned out 10,000 sheets, pillows and pil
lowcases. When they ran out of feathers for stuffing they used sea-weed. Nurses Aides were as
much a blessing to understaffed hospitals then as
today. Families of one out of eight American soldiers used the Red Cross Home Service, which had
585 trained workers—many of them women—here
and overseas.
An Honest-to-God Woman
A Red Cross worker with a mobile hospital unit
behind the front lines has told about walking down
a country road in the Champagne area, and meetting several tired, muddy dough-boys. They revived
rapidly at the sight of a woman, yanked out their
a
Influenza Strikes
PHOTO tROM CULVER SERVICE
WOMEN VOLUNTEER MOTOR CORPS members drove
ambulances, were on 24-hour call for the Army.
little book of French phrases, and tried a hopeful
"Boonjoor, Made-ee-mo-zelle." When the worker
said amiably, "Hello, boys," the foremost private
shouted to his buddies in the rear, "She's an honestto-God woman. She talks American!" In less happy
times, this same Red Cross worker conducted a
funeral service, wrote to the wives or mothers of
hundreds of casualties, and drove through a swarm
of shells to get cereal and other delicacies for
wounded men.
How to Beat Hell
When the Salvation Army lassies first arrived in
France as canteen workers, in 1917, many Army officers and their men were annoyed. Remarks varied
from, "who wants those street-corner thumpers?" to
"hell, we don't need salvation." Undiscouraged, the
women cheerfully set up huts and canteens wherever
our men were quartered. Two of the girls got up in
a cold rain one morning, wondering what they
could do to cheer the bedraggled troops.
A few hours later, an electrifying rumor spread
through the ranks of homesick men: the lassies were
making doughnuts (on a smoky outdoor stove, with
a pop-bottle for a rolling-pin). More than a thousand men lined up to wait for this strictly American
delicacy. When the women later added pies to their
daily doughnut output, the men were ecstatic. The
Stars and Stripes, magazine of the AEF, ran a poem
in tribute, one verse of which went:
In the Fall of 1918, the influenza epidemic that
was to take more American lives than the war struck
with full force. Hospitals were jammed, in cities and
army camps. Women drivers put in back-breaking
hours to augment over-worked ambulance units.
Housewives banded together and made gallons of
soup for the families of victims. Lillian Wald, head
of New York's Henry Street Settlement, organized
the Nurses' Emergency Council and enrolled hundreds of citizens to help care for the sick. In the face
of an acute laundry shortage, the staff and students
of New York Teachers College went to hospitals and
washed bed linen. When the epidemic subsided,
volunteer workers of America had seen their country
through one more terrible phase of the war, on the
home front.
It's a grim postscript that Lillian Wald, along
with other outstanding liberals, was later to be
named on a list made up by a government committee, of "those who hindered the war effort."
(Two years after the Armistice the Lusk committee, forerunner of the Dies group, began its disgraceful "Red" witch hunt).
Tin hat for a halo
Ahl She wears it well.
Making pies for homesick lads
Sure Ls "beating hell."
Salvation Army huts became the social centers of
many camps. The boys sang Pack Up Your Troubles,
and drifted willingly into hymns. Men often asked
the girls to write their wives or sweethearts and
"tell her I'm behaving myself." One lassie, buying
supplies for a canteen, had the happy thought of
including after-shaving talcum. "The men like it
even more than the cootie powder," she wrote the
New York office. "It reminds them of home." When
the Germans' big guns moved too close to a camp,
a general offered to transport the Salvation Army
workers to a safer quarters. To a woman, the lassies
refused sanctuary.
a
*
*
No Certainty, Indeed!
PHOTO FROM EUROrtmr4
6
CONDUCTRESS, legs swathed in puttees, was
one of many who replaced draftees on trolleys.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
One of the most important home front war services
was setting up classes in which volunteers could
study occupational therapy, and work with the
wounded in hospitals. When the Women's League
first broached the idea to the Army, Col. Billings,
PHOTO FROM BROWN BROTHERS
THESE 1918 LOCOMOTIVE WASHERS on the Northern
Pacific had been milliners and seamstresses.
Like other liberals, Miss Wald had raised her
voice clearly and repeatedly during the war, in defense of freedom of speech and the true principles
of democracy. (Wilson once wrote her, "What you
said chimed in with my own feelings and sentiments.") There were thousands of others—women
and men—who asked for immediate plans to formulate a lasting, just peace for all peoples. Whatever
the synonym was for globaloney, it was tossed in
their faces.
When their men came home—those who were alive
to come home—women were tired of war. Many of
them asked nothing more than to raise a family, in
peace. For them, the Armistice ended December 7,
1941.
END
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
cJ
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Women's Branch Industrial Service Section
Ordnance
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
WAR DEPARTMENT
....A
OFFICE OF THE (Z.V
.mtiltaTER GENERAL OF THE
ow(
ARMY
ADMINISTRATION OF LABOR STANDARDS FOR ARMY CLOTHING
Z. Ripley,
Adrinistrator.
109 FAST 16TH STREET,
NEW YORK CITY
December 19th, 1918.
U.S. Department of Labor,
Women ir Industry Service,
Washington, D.C.
Att-
Miss
Mary
Gentlemen:Regarding the matter of taking pictures in
factories doing Government work and employing women, this
was taken up with several manufacturers hers in the City,
but they felt that inasmuch as their work had tapered off
to such a large extent, the pictures wculd not be representative.
Mile all •the manufacturers interviewed were
perfectly willing that pictures should be taken in their
factories, I was unable to crefp sufficient enthusiasm to
get any cf these manufacturers undertake the work themselves.
Very truly yours,
Ase't. Administrator.
JIFF-D.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
- 7-tP"w
WAR DEPARTMENT
OFFICE OF THE 01,1ARTERMASTER GENERAL OF THE
ARMY
ADMINISTRATION OF LABOR STANDARDS FOR ARMY CLOTHING
December 5,1918.
109 EAST 16TH STREET,
NEW YORK CITY
1issEa-ry N.V/insiow,
Special Agent,
Woman in Industry,
U.S.Department of Labor,
Wash in gt on , D. C.
ly dear kiss Winslow:
We have your letter
December 4th requesting a list of contractors
that emp,loy women in the work of manufacturing
materials for the 7."ar DepartMent.
I am enclosinq herewith
a list of names and ax_dres-es of contractors
which I believe would be representative of contr'actors who employ a considerale number of
women in their contract work.
I suggest that you hasten
your action in securing the pictures you desire
practically all o f' the contracts will be
wound up by the first of the year and it is
possible that many of the shops now contained in
the list are not at the present
Government
If you care to have your
pictures taken in factories lonated in Pew York
City I would be very ,77,2ad to assign some ore to
accompany either you or your representative and
assist you in making arrangements with the onlerf-;
of the factories for the taking of such pictures
as you desire to obtain.
Respectfully yours,
FT014': R
H• F. Ford
As sistan t Administrator
Cr",nV
American Uniform Co.
317-19-6th Ave.
Frzankel Bros.
318 F.32nd St.,y.y.c.
295 Lafayette St. ,Y.Y.C.
Lissner & Co.
73 W.23rd St.,r.y.C.
New Yor Uniform Co.,
55 1T.17th
Siegel Bros.& Goodmz.-n
Sonreborn
121 '37.20th St. ,17.Y.!7.
1424 Chestnut St. ,Phila. ,Pa.
Jacob- Reed
Brown
6th & Merket Pts.,Phila.. Pa.
anarr.aker &
Washington St. ,Bosto-,kass.
1020
Leo:old L'orse
Elm St. ,Hinghzx.,Itass.
Rhodef, & Ripley
(small firm but excellent shop)
P. Ind ianarol is, Ind.
Cal. & kacrket
American Garment Co.,
Cambridge,kass.
:ted
Co.
Consol id ,
1912 Superior Ave. ,Cleveland,O.
H.Black Co.
2330 Superior tkve.,Cleveland,O.
11.T .Silver
1431 W.15th St. , Chicago ,
Rosenwald &
508 S. Frank 1 in St. , Ch. i cago , Ill.
411-15 St.Wel 1s St. , Chicap:o, Il 1.
ning Bros.
417 17.11th St.,St.Louis,ko.
D.G.Rice Stix Co.,
35 S.k El.rk et St. , Ch icarro Il 1.
Hart Schaffner & 114?rx
16th & Locust
er
Eli &
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Deovnbor
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zh'PM '44t.L.ti .1..nfornto.tion you
dil:;irE primly...0.1y 1140.aiee leo he nerror rude itny distinction
betgreon the kiads of 1.01ca, mployeed in trIv3efJrn. Ze can
:.krry omtracts, but
a
supply you
tii tuAiwocline•
Y.!se!! knaa the 3ior wo0
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, ,:n you deblra.
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Pie,ttt:thcrity of tho
Cordon J. Campbell,
Cantain.
.41.6t ta
Am7 orpe.
iLc, section.
December 4, 1918.
Purchase Division,
quarrIVIt,21:—.C.REP11,
Wasni,zton, D. C.
Gentlemen:
The on in InJustry Service is makinz a collactLIn of ictures of
women working on industrial processes. The object of this collection is to "
form a permanent record of the work women have 4Dae in the war. In order to
get a representative group of - Actures, we are trying to secure from the
different branches of the Quartarwaster Corps the name of some of the firms
-Norking on array contracts, where woqan p,re employed. Any infomatIon you
us on this or,;bject All be wst helpful.
Very siNcerely yours,
MN*:1-171
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Mary g. Winsloy, Spocial Act,
Woman in Iniustry Service.
December 4, 1913.
Subolotao D3v1sioo,
Quarte;”le00.04rys,
Waehitun, D. C.
Gentlenen:
Pe WomAn in InAustry Service is Taking e collectica: of Hcturl
s of
womm working on industrial procqssee.
this co:19ctIon is to
form a p-ra4,Jont 1.c:cord of the .A.,ork mOmen hpve (ine in
the war. In crler to
get a representative group of pictures, we arn trvin,;
- to secure from the
difforemt branchas of the ilartermaster Corp. the
name of some of the ilrms
working on avow contracts, where wotren are emrlo,,e4.
Any information you
cen give us on this subject will be alost helpful.
Very el icerely yours,
WW:MFE
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
!'ktry N. ii$IOd, S7eciel Ant,
i4oman in Industry Service.
December 4, 1910
llotors ami Vehicles Division,
quartermaster Corps,
GWrr770717171—rr'
Gentlemen:
The Noman in Indi:stry Service is malting a collection of r;ctIlres of
women working on industrial proceoses. Thc object of this collction is to
*1-2ve lone in the oiar. In order to
tn3
form a .,,,nrck,anent rIccr
are tryilii to secure from the
we
get a repreaentative group of pictures,
r
diff3rent brar)chea of the Quarter.hasta Corps the hnme of soaA of tha firms
wcrking on armly contracts, where woaen are emplwd. Any informat 7 on you
can give us on this *abject will be woat
Very siticorely yours,
MNWOMI
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Mary N. Winslow, SI,o!cial Agent,
Woman in inlustry Service.
Deceoher
l91P.
Clothing and Equipage Division,
Quar"rq141.10,A,444M4
W-shic- gton, D. C.
Gentlemen:
collection of pictures of
The nman in Indlmstry Service is aking
to
wowen working on industrial processes. Tho object of this collection is
to
order
In
form a .perzaner,t record of the -vork: on heve dcno in the mar.
the
from
get a rvresentative group of picturcw, we are tryi,:.g to occurs
firms
different brPnches of the Quartembster Core the name of som of the
on
working on army contracts, ofre women are employed. Any information
can give us on this subject will be mofit helpful.
Very encerely
MRCEFH
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MEtry N. Winslow, SprIcial Agent,
Woluttn in Iniustry Service.
WAR
COLLEGE
DIVISION
WAR
OFFICE
DEPARTMENT
CHIEF OF STAFF
OF THE
WAS
November 19, 1918.
lass Mary N. Winslow,
Labor Department,
Washington, D. C.
Dear Madam,
In response to a request from Mr. G. T. Wood of the
forwarding herewith two
Committee on Public Information, this office is
inclusive.
(2) sets of photo-graphs numbered (x)26291 to 26315
These photographs are for officiol use only.
Publication
Information, Washington,
rights may be obtained from the Committee on Public
D. C., on payment of the prescribed fee of t2.00.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Major
U.
A.
146-at'
By
A. II. Gerow,
Clerk.
@FedFRASER