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https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Se te4lber 3, 1118. ‘ ILUED kIvigN TEz LiULESTED DRAFT JF STATEANT DY THE WAR LA,JOR POLICIES BJAID - As the war goes on and larger -nd larger numbers of men are withdrawn from industry for military service, the urgent national need for continueur productien of munitions of war hus 1e-1 to en increasine numb,r of requests for eermission to employ eomen at night. it - The War Labor Policies Board therefore regard:3 matter of public importance to mAce clear its attitude and to formulate a progrem which will adequately meet the needs of production, while maintaining the necessary safeguards for omen workers. From the beginn:ne of the war it has been the dministration to oppose ehort- ,announced policy of the nation sighted attempts to relax the iepor laws of the verieus statea. It hae held that lon, hours of laeor ano employment seven days in the week tend to decreese rather thin to increase production. Nieht shifts, however, although in general nun: to ,asoduce iess th9n the diy shift, nevertheless result in a net increeee of output thfAleh the continuous Use of the eveliaole lachinery. It is recoenizdd that continuous nieht work for omen is harmful because if etc be,d effect on health, morals, fami,y life and the welfare of children. Before the war it was forbidden by internatiorvel treeties in the lea'ilv European countries. In the United States several important industrial states have Laws prohibitine- night work for women, and the New York statute has been upheld as constitutional by the hiehest court of the stete. In European countries, however, the progress https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis •••• •••• \romp. of the war te.s led to the employment J'e %omen t night, although ox erience indicates that it eholid be kept within limits end carefully re ulated. It ie of tho utmost importance that the stendarls ettained in state legislation should be upheLJ and that the need for any temporary deviation from conditions prescribed by law should be determined only by the nation,A .!„overnment, and the need met without permanent or sweepin laws. ch in state labor On the other hand, women shou.‘1 be protected -alnet the dangers of nifht work in states which now Legally ,:,ermA it. Therefore, if the necessity for the employment of women between the hours of 10 P.M. lid 6 A.M. is demonstrAed Ir. 4 %row and if working conditions satisfactory to the federal jov?rnment are established, the Secret ry of War or the Secretary of the Navy, under conditions approved by the rodan in Inluetry Service of the U. S. Department of Labor, will ask the state „ency ch-rged with enforceent of labor laws to grant to a particular plant for a specified ,%eriod a war emergency permit allowin6 the em2loyment of women at ni,ht, These permits will be issued un'er the Aar demands of the federal goverment. Phnts in states where ni ht work has been iegally resorted to in the at will come under the se regu.ations, beginning January 1, 1o1. No plant 1imursko. workink, on a war contract for the federal government will be allowed, thereafter to employ wo,Lien .fter 10 P.t or before 6 without a war emergency perlit. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -3- Careful InvestigAion will determine the need for nL01., work, end e%ch est blishment holiin, a permit shall be under the continued supervision of a design,ted federal dep rtment. The permit will be ie'22.1ed only for ni ht shifts of eight hours or lese, rotatin, shifts knereby n ,,:ht work for any individual ccurt, only for one week in three will be encouraged. ?emit will b No such issued unieee the ararc!F of the !LT. Labor 13oerd aid other standards set by the federal government and the provisions )f the state labor law for safety, health and c mfort shall live been fully complied with. Night work of wonen can often be evoided by the employment of men over the draft ai;e and thoLe not vualified for military service, by the transfel of men fr=m non-essential inf:'.uetries, by the extension of olants or the introluction -A' an il:Custry into neeA are . by a careful distribution of contrecte with due regard to the local labor supply, or by improvel m,nagement. Permits will not be granted unless= it ic clear th,,,:t these methods do not suffice to increse droduction to the point demanded for the prosecution of the war. , -7-10 V(t.c. hack ?ol kYv, 1°50cocuArtAk IttkuL.EL0--; Ce-5?cLAt1 V2zikci lAcxf)or0 P'c(A(1 dutch tgitA cditAeCy Suc-14 ca030 " Rd KCALAA4-1' • 3JL tc akt,t,1Aks)&162. culet JAActOtkel LC 1141-uk 1,teki\ ov t. u›-cuke sK.,t) ukcii plAtaxt iktrA- tctivit 4(24ii tle https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis • 0)4 ttied (0- Cf2Qco StAtAito co oc(\otA(6144 -/ • kuzgi-tut afr6 eur , 1 1;. eV-kVA ex.Pta bLIJA-47 c,,,ok, I oieekc71ct-co:fi5 aita I / &kik°, /01-01514 • 90440 °cacti ; alkyl 01/iC ismuyikof IA ( 4ta 1,Q4 telQt_ " tAlofrt eikycel14(i»eAii Duni- '10^Qtri atidA https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis a;parruhft, eActuk (tc.ef --zfict, oft1100. To: Misz:! Mary ,-,nciers n, Yomen in Industry ':arvice. From: &Liz beth Brandeis Irk at the -ar Risk buieau In Re: I had a talk with Miss Alice H. Graiy, As,eistant Director of the 'Lar hisk Bureau, concerning the night work of women in the Burer:m. Miss Grady stated that there is a night Ehift from 5 P.M. to 12 P.M. with time oOt for a meal. borne of the women work the whole time, others part of that time. Amiss Grady who has just taken up her oork at the War Risk could not sqy definitely who the women are 4ho do the night work. ohe et,ted that a great many of them are older women who do not work in The L.e.y.time. 8he did not know how many of the night workers worked in other Government deprtments or in the Arai aisk Bureau in the flay time. Miss Grady declare', that in general she is vary much opposed to nLh, work for wo -en. She is firmly og night ikho Aork in the l'ar hisk yhe opinion that to employ women Bureau ur other government departments in the Geey time is an extremely objectiontblo policy both from the point of viev, of the Aomen and of the efficiency of the Bureuu. She wante to put a stop to it but she ia convinced that at present it is impossible because of the shortage of day clerks and the lack of space whicn would prevent the uee The work of of an ade.,uate number of elerks even if they o'er° available. the bureau is eonsiderably behind and the present epidemic exids to the difficulties. Elie hopes that they will et more space in the near future, and that better organ' ation Rill leEnen the number of clerks needeJ. She feels that there are other 'tore pressin6 problems which must be solved before the night work itief.tion be tackled. Miss ur-dy has just begun her work at the kir Rim& Bureau. a 4rea.t ,Es.ny things that must be done at °nee. It seems very probable that ehe ie right in saying that n ght work can not be stopped https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis bhe finds a present. I it is feasible. feel :sure that she wnts to have it stopped as soon as i si4,b uLt tht tb tvith kmen in InduJtry :_evvioe Lake up the mlItter to h-xv(,, borne action taken Aids& Craiy in 1.bout a month's Lime and endaJ.vor then. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis matter further at idresent. It does not seem to ma wise to pres.-:, the -1 + . J ..00tions about miatt&re 1.Ls, 1 24 ';",;?; for wolen in iientt.. .at, it,..)rx Thc-j- ...-nt" -re 6,..i'::ritittiod I- AA- whet they ),,re worth. 1 C.ov,-..fr, in:;uiri€s th&A Co61,t.tic 0i:intone the. war is protri.cte,d, the bc,ut (13ubtle• P beeote imp5rttive cmploy-xf,nt of wor:.en in niisht-work it vblues involved f.-:,re so high thtt the pre- ,,broLd. t,i1V0C- Lep 7, be t:-11otfod only under the co(Ait ebrefully pret:eribed condi- It ac.ty dork. :ic.cc‘ city Icr I. rif, thing in Howc,yar, there ric, 1.1 this C: coneiLlart.tion to ,r.zvc,-, 1E..tori:lcum do- ir et. e 1 of tht ,,rohibition upon nii,,ht Abind InEit fL1.1 mkicing out t. it, the Iturden is -r):.socl. consijertAL)nei uneGtisfi etory ,ia,? by et,.te LJry !(. . i 1,y . ai,h1.-4,-„r'Ic 4 'ew,L, U24'6 th6 It is contr)1 by !Ltd, feciert 1 iilvernh py 7 • eti6e :Litt in the first of' .-6.. .uslent it is inooaclusive tor the folL::cin It trif 1 - 1 - pree-eatod. Arc L.f.1 7.'11 BIS of' thE https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis to be questioned. racoons! generb.1 L.nd unsup,ortid ott:t.ei,(3nt. 6ivoa. eee cork- nets and t ualy Le decu.. L.e rce..;~:;, Qi• aunitiJ:ins .)riciatince But evidenoe is ..c.eoulault.,Ling .1y- Irv-Act:Le ineLidy tc.g, .liEkt Work. .-.. too acute, too compreheneive, and us the one proceed. it beet the , 18 run easy t-na not touch the deeper trouble. which d i2 of &n i'nortant vmlue to escape analysis of a complicated prob. Nothing in the 3. memorandum indict.tes Oatt alternative pl&ns for weeting the situation have been Kooquately coasider. rhea, include, L'INOni other thins, e reduction of the hiish nue o/ labor turnover in munitions innttotitso, the use of laborerb soon to ue released from n,h-osbential industries (800,000 -re coon to ht., released), the holding to ecount of the unions who object t t',t; 7m,p061 for devising a constructive plan for !leeting the wiergency, sto., The memorrndum does not incioste thet the administrative 4. difficulties of finaing aclesuAtely equipped ins,ectors, of fixin6 st,L.n,!Ltras ;or aetertiaing when night work trn f,X-YitE, be permitted, and of getting devices installed if) to made for the Dro.oer safeguarding of women workerr on night shifts 0,1 to .der4rt,ely n. L. t ewi8 for mseting the ordnance citusti',n funi14,3nt: co.,tr diction. ELie coaLiionp which seem to make night 5. inP wcalt Dy Ori6 m.11t1 device te o€4n n,cecry .re ,enertl; yet permits bre to be given only in specific ,,;,,Ality for conuitions rests with the organisation of It: berei,1 ordriLncei yet 2srmits bctroity to be only wh(,re the ioci.1 :cnufacturer can show that uf lt,bor, which c:.n ;)e obt:ined in fl:) oter way, sInds in the way of Llot imOiee tht thib device le ured to avoid eifioieLt !being esHuritial difficulties. II. Th .atialatrttior, of IllipLht .4oric. If, f.t..er cvreful t4na thorou4 it -lb deeu,ed est;entil to the aunitioas i r-;dmm ni ht-work by wczen, Lae 1.bout https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis with SOMb such 1. y4in1et.r,t1on propoetls b6 ,h]. perzilt limited pro ostl maoul., be ksipsd hedked the folletin;4 The i_eneral irinciple ie 10 cde no ,Libt-wJrit by wozen. tends-. 4 1.ht fhi to vp?ly i un excei:tion, not t_s tt oVE, wn on ni ht—Ixork 1 t o b.11 concerns holing f-!Qrtd contracts, in th. 41 in the 7 which Wtes which do not hive laws prohitAtineech w3rii .e 1.11 hsve. rMitio Concerns in atvtez,-, whicn 11..ve nt 2. tra not to b women and which have been eJlployint ox nik.ht—wcirkcr ,mitted c, ..g.tinuc un— less 0-anted permission on the condiLions rot.iired of concarns in t.t_teb tng such work. In every case the burden of proving the necessity of nikht—w•Irk ehal1 be Upon the eaploycr. fr 4. In no ose shun. evry P,fnrt bea ,11.7rle to Pu:?ly th 1. .or 9hort, F. .,ev,)ry In no c.f.6. it rytid.th!A. ievice hFe boen apcd tc) find %.5r, ,e:r,a1t U. 1F4'ued before oi inapeotsd of parmit 06 ipeued unies Of hts Ue;en roprt.3entLtIvia Vnn (3. FecoaundtJoas for i2A.-misEilon to Liti;: women in ni6ht—wurk 11- e., to 6e lkicle by lise Van Kloek 7. i'rmiEsior to us) women in ni6ht—work in every inst&nce shall t)f. withheld until arrovements shall 11, ?erfected for properly safeguhrdin htith https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis :;orbls of the. women co the 1.-vised September 26, 1918. '1.3 LIE WVERPWRS OF ALL REGULATIJfiS GUNTROLLIJAG liAllUFACIURIALI WAR IN ?LAMS ICt1T •3JK OF :TOWCTi Fol JAIL FEDERAL uoVtihNalEAT. rawn from industry As a rapidly increasint force of 41en is withd for continuous profor military service, the urgent national need ent requests for perduction of munitions of aLr has led to freu mission to employ women at night. The Iiiar Labor Policies Board tance to formulate therefore regards it as a matter of public impor of production, while a program which All adequately meet the needs wo„ien workers. maintainin;, the necessary safeguards for the policy of the Froa the beginning of the war it has b,en to relax labor _overnment to oppose short-sighted attempts days in the week tend to decrease Lon, LoIrb of work and ela,Aoynt seven rather than increase production. It iq recognized _dso that contin- uous and unregulated night work for owen in haniful because of 1L6 and the welfare u bad effect on health, morals, family life nal treaties in the Before the war it wls forbidden by internatio European countries. Several important industrial states in this women. country have laws prohibiting night work for It is of the g night work of women utmost importance that such laws prohibitin ned through them lowered. should not be repealed or the standards attai is important that , In those states in wAich niLht work is legal it er safeguarded. the conditions of employment of women should be furth It has been decided, therefore that night work for wor-en in d be plants working on contracts for the Federal (;overnment shoul prevL prevented so far as lies in tie power of the Cov2rnment to https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -2it and not alloyed except upon official request of the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy under conditions approved by the Secretary of Labor through the Woman in Industry Service. Such recuest should be in the form of a certificate to the proper state officials declaring that a war emergency has arisen in a particulhr place for a particular time. By this method, if any temporary deviation from conditions prescribed by law should be demonstrated to be necessary, the necessity for it will be determined solely by the national government, dnd the need will be met without permanent or sweeping changes in state labor FurtLermore, women will be protected against the dangers of p&Eht work in states now leLally pelmitting it. If the necessity for the employment of Aomen betwt en the hours of 10 ?.. and 6 A.. is demonstrated, and if working conditions satisfactory to the federal 6oveJrnAient , Lre established, the Secretary of har or the Secretary of the Navy, under conditions approved in advance in e-cd instance by time v'om,-..n in Industry Service of the U. S. Department of Labor, acting fox the secrA.,ry ,, of i,auor, aill call upon the state agency charged with enforee.nent of lapor 14,as to ,rnt to a particular plant for a specified period temporary wax certificate allowinL the employment of women at night. These certificates will be issued, under the war powers of the federal _overnment. PlAlati_ in states where night Aork has been legally resorted to in the ,:aLt rill co e under the same re,;-ulations be,innin December 1, 1918. No plant working on a war contract for the federal Eovernment will be allowed thereafter to employ women after 10 F.L. or before 6 A.M. without a war emergency certificate. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 411 -3- Thorouch investigation preceding the issuance of the certificate will determine the necessity for night work and each establishment holding a certificate shall be under the continued supervision of the /)man in Industry 6ervice of the Department of Labor or of a federal agency design,-,ted by it. In the enforceent of tne regulations the cooperation of state agencies will he sought, as it has already been secured L: the NorkinL out of this plan. It should be emphasized that niht work of aomen can often be avoided by the emploTaent of iaen over the draft age and those not clualified for military service, by the trInsfer of men from non-essential industries, by the exteosion by of plants, by the introduction of an incLstry into rfil dir'trU-mtion of contracts -with due ree:r1 f- ) supply or by improved ranaL.eTent. unless it is Certificates will not be grmtezi cle r thnt these methods do not suffice to increas production to th, ILL demanded for the prosecution of t11.; certificate Will Ud exployment of women e.cL i..14 or illL;ht to Gniita:T; ol eiu less, wld rotAing, shift https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis wilt !Ea encour . hours or Full compli9nce ill UZ .VP.)ZA. pn r4R, .1114.4=-2 AITT CTATV4: YAUFCiURING hCLUCZS FOR r. idly incres*ng force of 7len wn fic :.ervice, the urgeat a:Aionaa av:d for c:yritinu..)u:. - Action of muniti. . of v.ar em.loy 't ftkvubnt ,a4,en at night. a 41':tt,(r of ro- .4'tbor 31.i7d therefore uolic is ottance to for*ut i rorat r-hich 1,,1eu:Itc1.y meet the needs of production, Ithile lia1nt,i3in6 the ofeeuardn for -,romen worker. o o4ianinE of the to'r- it h!Ls been the .overnment to - r'ose shorl-ighted cdicy of tilt: t em ts to ri.x bor 1s. Lone Aaufs of .,,ork and employment seven days in the we IC tt,nd to decree rather thqn ricre:;Lse production. ,LAki vioit 14r eP.P,Act It is recognizt:d <1.iso that c,.Altinu7)us 1), A;t1 Oi iL. loovilion 0,10. 114,604.11% Jef:Jse the 1%, ' it . '7- rbi-Hen Dy Euro: . ;en countries. country have laws c. ..,,cr.r ),, :m ,rt:Ilt J.;:,',J,, ri, rohibitin 7,1 . ht ;-..)rk f', .. In :, in „. the utmost importance that such laws 'rohibitin6 ni.L.ht :irk not be repealed or the standards AtAned through those 8,1$,Ltes in which night work is LegAl, it is im f '.ould :-.ii ,!j, r, In th, con4tions of eicdoymemt of women diloutd. ,Je luri4.16u https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis It hfls been decided, therefore, that niAht woric for orcing on c ntrIcts for 'h41 Federial .0 , 1, ; - — 11,- 0' Er.: . 1CC in the LI On v rnment FhoUirl fsri ir ower of tht, ',.ovi-Tnia.5?nt to ?rv,int )ificial -;,t of thtf ft it ecrt,:t,ry of W., r the -cre:.:ry 3f . h.? '; ',hrough the ;:oman in in,:uetry c:orvice. ta,- form of certific tc to the ro er that a wir emerency 11 ,5 .,rien in 4 particular tiL-3. 3y thiz aeth)d, if Dy r.-Jr it - •seclarinb lak,- for ,rticul r tam.orary deviation from conditions r I be , ea:r„,tr.,ted to oe 'neee6eary, the necessity De detk,rmin,o ,J'el_y by the national e.overament, Lnet thc ,,,d wit, oe net ;,ithaut ,:ermii.nent or cwee:AnE changes in st.lte labor ne. I ,04s. Further iore, -pmon wir be ork in st_tt: noA rotectod .iglinst the d Avers of night ,ermitting it. If the necessity for ',db.° emjoyment of women betwtten file hourc., of 10 M. and 6 A. is lemonetrated, Ind if working conditions epttisf-xtory to the federal euvernAent are est-ibhed, the Secretary of ?far or the :, acr€t-ry of the N,vy, uner corvAtions a , roved in riv.mce in 9ach instance by the Won in In3ustry Fervice of the U. De.:)artment A* Labor, tcting for the Secrtt.ry of '44bor, will c u on the Etate agency charker2 rith enforcement of 1.abor laws to grant to a articular ,lant for a ,ecified period ttia or-cy ..r certific ,te Liloting the eliGloyment of women ..r.t nieht. issued un.4er w?./. fne e ccrtific.t owf,rc of the f(-:.ieral Eov-rnment. be 'lant!, in otit where night work hae been legal'y r- ortPd to in the past Ali.' come un'er the same regulations beFinnin Prc:Ilibr 1, 1918. No ,leat rorking in a war ccatract for the fetleral Lovernat-nt will be allowed thereafter to em ,loy women after 10 P. 4. or ofore Y without a tr mert;ency c:rtific te. fai ,ti n rce ill determine the necessity for night https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis t_.1.; 1 - u .nce of the certific to ork 'Leh ichluent -3.. old 1M a certificA,- s- a.11 he miler the continued su)ervision Thx_,11 in Itvstry Service of the 1,e trtm nt of ..A.bor .yr In the Alforcement of t -L,Hncy designutd by it. co3?erqtion of st,...te agencies wi be i::ought, ecured in the workini, 7,ut of this ,lAn. ,wer A _ tha the tr.zieftr of +I. E ben It talt eill,,loymtm.c. 4 by -; ,,* inJw.triec, by the n from by the ,n‘troduction of an in ustry into new of er,L1 regul,tti3nF the •L it i1)t, ti oi tqi Q: of the reE, by car,F:ful distribution of ccntr,ctc with Avi re6,ard to the local labor ply or by J.]. roved mamIgement. it is clear tnut do not -Jffice to incree ,,rouction to met1,1 the .(:)int iemanded for tne CrtificAes %ill n(A. be ,r nted urLose rosPcution of the w'r. ,% certificate will be reluired to limit the lant .orp.n o.l.ch day or night to shifts of eight hours Jr , ,oyment of ' rot.tiag be re,uired .ith thc the rovisim receive uaI ift- wil tandlAxd- thtt ;t3DA'n be ,,ncourFd. Full con liance will Tards of th War 1,abor Board, including Intro-laced Lnto work nitherto done by men Algal ay for eu4.1 work, Al- other st,AnaLrds set by the federal - *!. governaent and the st to , abor 1 1 A certific-te will be continued in Aykta, kAu.14 Do A.,4aes mb Lab ca4uIrtd btAduardb art abanta.ined. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis .91 Lay rRo-: omen's Branch, Industrial :;arvi ;eetion. The Aoting Chief of Lordnanoe„ through Industrial dervIoe Seotion. '.31i-g3n,3T: Requests of ol .ots fov axe Ttions ;:rom stnto labor laws. 1. Throe volseste, Made either to the Pennivivania Board of Labor and Isinatry or to Ulu Ordnanoo Impartment and now nendinp, involVO tommtent vostions regarding the pelioy of tt,e Orananoo SOPOriment and of the net government with regulating the hours roferenoe to suspension n exicting lass work for women. These three oalles are as follows: oguest of R.I. Du Pont do No:lours Company for (1) permission to , mploy womer aftor 10 V.N• in thoir Tullytown, Pa., plant. (2) ioquost oi ,A)rtAalgton.kunp and ilaohinery Oonpany to emrlcr: women on a night shift. (3) Request of theTAdystone MUnitions Company to extend the wee;cly hours beyond 54. The details of t",,ese oases are treated in separate memoranda, but attention is iAtro Galled to the pOlioy and procedure -Irmly established as a basis for deoision. 2. The Connell of Nationtll Defense ip lett,72re .,;(1ressod to Oovorrors of L;tes unAnr dates of 4ri1 9, 191, and Desomber 17, 1917, (ooplos attatPled) hue alpel t6at no exissption• fres tate 14bor Luwe be grantod except after "deolaration of Mb Osoneti of national Defense thpt ente a leparture is ooDentin te, the Weetive pursuit of to national defense." The dasmett has further stated in a letter direots4 to tile Obillftes's Ituress, PObraary 17, 1918, ((ropy attaoheit) that the *Council of National Deform° is war/ desirous of maintaining astatine ebastlarde as to labor. Ferthormore the labor law as to whigh the poser to euspond sae soaked to be elven to the Govornors were I/48mil4 to be only thine relatibeto the adult sale la or enp,T,Ted in nrr 'ark. re email of National Defense terefore unites with tho Children's Bureau in urging Visit to laws relating to tbe hol.a's and oonditione of labor of women nn/ . children should be rigorously enforeed." https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis This polloy with roferonce to upholding existing 24labor laws ha3 boon oonfirmed fro;A time to time by the xresident the Unite° *tates, the Zooretary of iar, FA.nd the ordnance )erartmont. Attention is *ailed, for iyIstanoc, to the iollow. ing quotations: In a letter from 2resiont Alson to the BatIoal (a) "As tho labor %Mild Labor Gemmittee, Dooember 20, situation ereated by the wiz dev1o,11 I am more interested than ever, if that were possible, in throwing all to safe. guards pesellae around the labor cyi women ani cAldren, in order that no intolorble or injurious buraon may be placed upon them." In a letter from 6eoretar7 of War Baker to the (b) xtmalpmey BoaA, Industrial °omission, of Measaehom. sette, Delember 18, IAY, in referenoe to an applioa'Aon from a eertridge o(r any for authority to 1.,rork two shifts of wONOS 10 hours eaeh: "The maintenance of the stan.7or the protection 0: woon !nd dard* estahlished by 0.41dren I loem of the grocteet importanoo to the country during the preeent Oriels ni it is my policy at no time to ack for a suspension of these standard.W In the endorsement of a nemerendem froR1 the (o) Beotion to the AeIing Ohiof oi -4 4(Inanoo, Sorvioe Industrial January 4, 1918, loopy attsehed): "Me policy of the Xsaphe 5 and 6 is approved." Depertmont at outlined in Pa• he 6 and 6 asked whether it is to be the poliey of the Ordnanoe Deportment to set I line with Genera urdere ro. 13 and *other the lomenis Dranoh will be oxpected clo that the Opoelflo rules and general rognlations are nOt violated, trt that in extraordinary owes a thorough inveutiv.tion would be mad* to determine that tle zner . !'nay is groat enough to warrant motion 114" the ..eoretary of war* It Is the opinion of the Legal Advieery Board of the 4. Genera Administration Bureau, as expiesso4 by Lt.Ool. :4altland F. Griggs, under date of February 18, 1918, (oopy attached) that a oontraotor working for the United :Autos on a ooetspplus or fixed price basis under whicP1 he retains control over Lie rmipleyees an does not aot to a more agent of the government, must oomply with any LTre of tI state In wMo tho work is lone, relatIre to ',c)1243 of labor. Uri the otlier hand, the Legs] Ado. visory Board etr.tes tiLt "The Judge Advocate General his soveratinies geve*. held that stLte luwe are not binlIng upon the ±iedoral eneiee. A co,trotor :.,cting as an silent of the mont or its ,voila, therefore, not be foroed to oemply with state government ' lbor laws. Attention is oLlled, hover, to General Urdere o. 13,ii by ti,e Ohiol of JrAnanoo Rovember 15, 1917, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis reoommeadi .g the prohibition of night work ior women. 4hile It Iu underutood that General Orderu No. 13 lu ouggeetive merely any dekinite body of mules, ' to and doee not attemnt to la.;) neverVeless it would seem advisable to submit to :Latter to tie Astin- OhleP of vrlaanee betters preeeedinp with t. projeot wtioh eontenplatos working women at night." An the wnr goes on, and iore women are emnloyed in 5. making munitions, it is nrebable that the maw or request° for exemption frol etate laws Will increase. ?be Women's Irani& therefore urge that at tho time of gifting oontraete the attention o • contractors be conned to the pelloy of the leorotary or 4ks, with Waren°s to state labor lase, and that at the same time, in a4Immes Of placing a oentraot, attention vs, to the availahl* labor supply, blueing and trans= ties and the possibility of fulfilling the oentrnet in conformity withstate labor lase: 6. On the basis of the preceding outline of pr000dure nd polio', It is suggested that In over; request f3r exemption the f011ewine action be taken: (a) That a ameba' inomiry should be ma4e by tLe liiranoh of the Industrial dervice tieotion to deter, to ,e in mine whether the exemptions awted for are metbods other vitlother or ion, produot of the beet interests d stanbeet aooepte the with ity, oonfoss mow be adopted in ~nit ng enacti diaxds oi is That if aodifieation of the state labor lam (b) in slearly neceeYary in the intereete of y,roduction, it r, and be made only On the request of the Seeretar,y of Vat 4efinite requirements for safeguarding the health anA effioiency of the workers be mach, 7. These reco.imendetiono are made beeause it is believed thut op viaelng evident,e of experienes in this oountry and abroad tomevetratee tto urgent heed of tele establishment of proper lessidas *auditions if produotion by women workers is to be inerseled4 Iltbeit these safeguards the rapid intseduotion i asscialmer Maw proksction. of neessa https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis MARY TAI 1E14%1M In °harps of eiomenl e Branoh, Ind.oatrIal '6nrvloe aeotien. flh April 9, 1917. To the Tionorahle Governor of •••• .0.1.•.11.0.•••••••*•....Wv1.*••••• ..••••• • tAtc:Alc;n to the follo*Ink.; reoolutiene T rtfullj oz'11 pt,s-oe 7+, 1.77e 71(1c.nof ti-le CoaLe.13. of 74,tiona1 L-1,fente, (7,,e its 4ril 7th: holi Adrtrory jr...Isaturee ,Ipcu 7utt:nal :cfcrsc :!1 71vi. all r:;,Ip'strttire areveen 011-7ed 140 of rr'r t 4 pF, at7 7c11. of rigorous. cnfoxeclent nf 17 mailtsinir the existing safe4unrds as to the health and welfare itch present zqnndards, In tht., no denartare fro Of workers, state lawr, or state rnlings affecting labor chould be taken rAthout that cuoh a depart— declaration of tvse ,7onno11 of Altional .Efflusie ure Is ensontiO ror the efryctive pursuit of the national defense. Thrkt 41-e (51Irc5l of PutiorR1 !)ol*enue urge upor the leelelatures of the several states thnt before final b.(Ajournment Vriay (3-2.tate to the GovrernorT of tl,r1r recreetIve F.tfc,r the roer to ,Ileriero. or modify lart when each sv4s96Neions or rosteetions contt..ired in th.eir tho bw '_!ou.n0.1 of i:ational i:efense; rerpested be shall moe'fixtion :Aodiflcation, ci „ shall continue for or uvpoilrIon and such tan t+c lorzer duration of the r!ot• a snec1 -74 ed https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Very truly yours, (Signed) P. RAM 3ocretfAry of ;var and :3hairman of the Council of •alt1.-,nal iefense. (Copy) made by .:;tate Councils oection, Council of National Defense, .aehington,D.C. comber 17, 1917, To the Honorable Governor of Attached, for yottr convonient reference, is copy of a letter seat you April 9, 1917 by the Chairman of the Counoil of Dational Defames, quotin eertain resolutions expreesing the views of the Cei1 concerning the maintenance of standstill and the wasponsion of labor laws daring the period of the war. Jima, that time the Oiioil has given the subject considerable sirtar, and I now respectfully call yffla attention to the of .uocomber 3, 1917, following resolution Moto& by the ndations in conrecomme stating its farther savers detailed nection with the wreponsien of state labor laws! C.LIT,ID, That state lorislative action should. provide -nat the Governor of . 7.se tate be empoworod to ouspond the utete 13bor lec,s pnly upon 142, forowitna conditions. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1. Upon notice from the Council oe iutional i.eferse stating that a war emergency OT that public selftwe require audit suspension. 26 That saah suapension dhould be ifJde only after ublis hoarint, have been held, reasonablo notice (et not less than five days) of nu& hearings having been sent to Ike ,tate labor lispartnamt of „itato Libor CeMmisaion, te the plant, organisatioa and employee in the isinstry affected. and to the public by mp. propriate notice in the press. 3. That the particular provisions of the Labor laws that an smasponded and the length of time of ghoul& be stated in a permit to be issued 171::=1,MOW. 46 That permits Should be issued for limited periods net to easeed six months and to be renew,t only upon re-hearings* fih Copy made by State Connell Section, Council of National Defense, Washington, D. el 25. Trlat all oer]its should exnire two ionths after the close of the was. per -1t;3 1,_011d be isued to individual That 6. Ireilstry, nrovAaed, 1,e7prpr pThnts ard n3t to at tt no Y-ru7.711on of oqt71-(IF rulatione or or6_e2s .:citrued to apply to state hereir 7rovieed for, 13111 tective d(;vices. la'-s re-!7Ar1n installation of IA1 posted Thnt c(.!4() of 1.1 7erAtu 7. ' 4'Pcted a1 plant in conspicuous places In each factory or over the T-ro,:c;r ofrIell https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 77p-itri.10111". .4, L. J-117.1./141, rirector. flh COPY lebrnary 27, 1918. 1.44 :Trace Abbott, Director, Child LAbor Division, Children t s Bureau, United States Pepartment of labor, ashingi.on, D. C. My dear 711ss Abbott: Your letter of 'ebrtiary 21st concerning the attitude of te toll.reil of !Ittional Defemse in ro6hrd to the sus-pension of laws relatiTr to boars and conditions of labor of Aomen uhildren,addrersed to jr.E.T:.Smith of the tate councils Section,has been brought to my attention as rirector of te jouncil _tional De.fense. On AT,r11 t'he, 9th ecretry linker as Chairman of tbe Council of :!ational Defense sent . .c) tLe governers of the several es a letter urqing firor tl!p dn, of maintaining: the existing stilndYork.rs uniesv a declration ards ss to tbe tind welfrxre 7)eferpe tbat a dert9rture from be 7a0e tbe ;;ouneil of '.Ptionsi tbese standards is essential for the effectjve pursuiA, L: national defense. This letter rlso urged upon tIne ..egislatureE, of the oov.cr to sussevrArl Stte tbnt t''ey delete to the 3ovei.Acre qe,t1 by the "ouncil of :ationtll pend or Todify 11!bor of :6.tional :..!foAu . Defense.. (-)r) 7)ccir Zrel, adopted certain resolutions supple-:Ier!tary to tbe letter of ARril 9th recomS'13 • !rtenn4 certain .;ontill -ni 117,ate These reOlutions :-ranted. labor lat:4 tr9,1nmitted 147:ttur to the governors of ti:e several ':;t6.os b„i 1,€) ,,ouncil of I attach copieo of these Vational Defense dlted Decelber 17th. letters. You will note that both letters state4loarly the,t the governors ehoul(( be given the 'oowor to suspend labor on14 when . reonested by the ,E;olincil of National .:efenso on Ole ground that a war emergency or public welfarfl J- :equiro trach suspension. The Council of Iational Defense has not issued any suoh statements As expressed in iG8 letter of April 9th, the ouncil of :attain]. Deferle is very de,,Aroan of maintaining existing standards as to labor. Purthermore, the labor laws ae to Alch the power to suspend was eloked to be' given to the r,overnors, were intended to be only tbose relating to the adult mai() labor enggged In war Y-ork. The eouucil of Aational i)ofenso t'nerelore ith Otile*ents Bureau in nrcring that the laws relating to tl'e hours and conditions of labor of women and alldren should be rigorously enforced. Yours very traly, (stenedi w. S. Gifford Director. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis flh COPT HS-eo January 4, 1918. UEMORANDUM from • To • • Subject Ordnance Departaent - Industrial service ;Action. hcelor alatainin work. .18 lf!d eta, (1:,rds of 1. • The President has stated that the safe gw ,rds in yorection vith Lidastrial work shonld be meintained throughout the period of the The Socretard of 4ar has re-inforced this war. with an aVitional statement. The Chief of Ordnance 1/, giving specIfic haz itrace a gcnerta ort'ter, sugge.stiorP for Arsenal Comiander rid manufacturers. The Ordnance nepprtment is 2. t lufilcturers, requestt! recelvinc constantl,i down 1)reakinr the rovtrictionr, In csristerce asking for of 'Air ant, Thief 3eczetry Presient, the set forth by 6o with wocns nrimarily to have Thece of Ordnance. nd, Jrilts. fro' a H,ailaon you to one I work. htleied 7 'Ilwaukee, ,1sconsin. Today T f/lotnrer of ordmince at ,Par reoc,-:-.t from the eters a.1 in receipt of Cartridge Company. T understand that Federal action 3. In extraordinary emergenciep, settinp acide is to ,e taken only by autho;3uch these restrictions. Fe -ill issue a special rity of the Secretary ol War. certificate for each specific come, Lftor the case has been established as an extraordinary emergenoy. niss Vc.n :leeok is ni take 4. muot ;;ive i)er a specific ohartv of this work an pol:7 (3-4. rtwill 1,0 he duty to see Olut. this policy is adhered to in all plants mtnufacturing for tie Ordnance Department. May I wly to Ass Van Klecok that 5. 1 o act in line witl• aeneral the policy of the -spv.rtrlent is 4 Orders No. 17?, pnd that her Department will be exrected to erleml regulations .re not see that tl,e orecific ra1ef2 violated! https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 2.lemo to General heelers 6. '.;7 own tboAllt is te_t we shonjd adhere to these rulPs , 7 rj (-traordinary casee ,r5ke n thorough investigation to Jetei'mine that emeroncy creat eroug17 to vff,rralt qctior, t ec-iget7ry of .1:1*. (91F-re3) Y. Scl,neider Indqstria o: :'ervloe I=ection. 1st Ind. ODC/gjk Ordnance Offluf, January 10, 1918 - To Induxtrial Section. ervice 1. The policy ol" the lienvrtrInt, 9,F cittlired in Paragraphs I and 6, is approved. By direation of the .:et:otr, (Thief of Ordnoroe. (Sind) T. P. Ayer Or. R. C. r'j4 41 cffice n! tLe ,Libf of c.rthiice. fitIlinrton '6;). 16, 1918, a contractor It is the opinion of this Board that 1. -plur Or fixed price basli', working for the L/litld tates on a cout over his ,,,loyees and does not under nhich he rotains control rmyi iu2 con1y with any la7— set ay a mere arent of the Gove is ent, iono relating to hours of Of the ,tate in vhioh the work labor. Il&s several time, held that 2* .me Judge Advocate 7,enera1 eederal $7.overnment or its ,Asto Lars are not binding upon the the qovernnent contractor aeting as an aFort of,Aate arenoies• Libor .timrso ly vith would therefore not be foreed to comp Goneral L..riore :13, OffAuo of Attention is called, hoorer, to15, 1917, recommernding the prothe Chief of Grdnanoe, l':.ovember *. 'bile it is understood that hibition of night work for wage not attempt is Esurestive merely, and does General urders it would less rthe neve s, of rule to lay devn any definite boarmatt er to the .:#1.1ief of Ordnanoe be. seem advisable to stibmit the h contemplates working women fare proopeding with a project whio at night. there are Mir 3. Attention it callel to the fast the* a eentrest Eder Whieh the condisadvatesges in connection with ed Aates; it is possible that tractor acts as agent of the Unitthe advantage of immuring frees those disadvantages may outweigh Laws. laa from reztriciione imposed by tate t of instructions 4. Attalhed hereto is a copy of a draf agancy contracts, r unde sating 4.04 the guides,* of contractorsWhie be complied v7ith mist h Okidh points out various rules ions have not yet been sent out ruct Seith elatracters• llece inot final, but they will serve to dhow as rded rega smi Okeuld not be considered in connection iiith an the motions *ilk must be oon::actu are sub.' intoentraot:t Ittvilall be noted that or be thorotghl; ld ns Shou tio rie ret e ieeenvesience of Tadh contract. volgked before entering into an agenoy l LAAI 211DVIO2Y 30tED ''AITLAIT By: Tt. Jae https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ol., rrd. • https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis File with statistics on women's work. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis INFORI Pleasefill this blan-A postage. Will go if asked Name Present address Permanent address (Please notify address 13( Age What branch of the cal Have you done wooden Have you done dock Iv( 4" 0 7 7=r11 - Industri;A. Service Section - Women's Division R2PORT ON EEPLOYEES Name of Establishment Address Date Product for Ordnance Dept. Directions: Use the figures for the pay day nearest the first of the month . . . . . . April 1, 1918 . • Office alles . . . . . Force Feraalez Shop . . . . . 111,lcs . . . Force . . . . . Fem._les April 1, 1917 • • • • How many female employees engaged in shop work were on Ari1 1st, 1918,doing work previously done by men? State any plans Jour firm may have relating to the employment of worlell c)J work ;3ho.) • Mail Promptly to Chief District Ordnance, Industrial Service Section, ,omen's Livision, Room 206 Terminal Building, 12th e: Filbert Streets, Philadelphia, Pa. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis A. (IAA- ff. GC".—.i / hi el—t,4,--11,6-uF I / / r. .40 "":)\,P V' —t` e.4 '1°' e •-e t • 7 A* -6<.--'t. , '..C. - if '"'"'..- - A https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis IA,'• /‹.; _ /4.; f°.•1 • ' £ with the The increasing withdrawal of men from industry coupled ht us face to face with the enor-ious exparsion of our war proqram, has broug the labor supply or of sufalternativr, of providin! ar Irmediate increase in The ped and undermunitioned. fering our forces to -o into the field underequip the departments of the Govexir,ency and irrrerliacy of the need, as set forth by operations, is ernment responsible for the conduct of our ni7itary has been rc render it manifest that it must be met here as it PUIC 1-1 as to rad by the 7reater utilization of women in the essential industries. employed, and we are already l A :large number of women i:.r1 now t 'U9 duction into the night confronted with the problem arisini, from their intro g21,1„aos s --een opposed, and since To this practice the Government has alway directed to the maintenance of the beginning of the war its efforts have been 4r-61\ practices, Ii4440iii(imassossagareqr. standardr w1^.3..ch forbid this as well as other t he heal th anti rrior , ..:0,4 retv•vatwerenjay—„oodOgssigrodowinwirs Ea tone of tie Community, t'- at under the pressure of 7evertheless it cannot but recognize //%1 war dernardr1 cessity. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - A., a e.' practice." nel e Tay may itow be ior in the near futur becoe- now in many of the iToreover irrespective of its necet-;-ity it is -2- important centres of industry an established fact; and 1.- tie 41 3tates of the Union where the laws imp :se no restrictions, d in two othero where under discretionary powers clnfErr-i '-); the Stitt ztes the re- strictions of the Statutes are permitted to be waived, woner either are now or in near future will be employed in night work, and may be 46t,-t pected tAt-n to be emp] oyod in constantly increasin7 numbers unless the Federal Government sha7 7., devise some method of restricting the pract-1 n he https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis oc!cs.sionrwherein the need may justify 1:,irt adoption. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Moreover, the states in which the employment of women at night is neither forbidden nor subject to regulation in- clude some of the more important industrial wAsimps, and some ' ( 1..77/ 4 of those adjacent to the few which f in their more forward looking 4 labor policy have forbidden it0 /hd 4not,the opinion of those who by their experience are qualified to speak with authority p that these cond 4 tions reinforced by the patriotic impulse in favor of measures that lead or seem to lead to increased pro- duction, may enable the forces that have consistentl) opposed the adoption of higher labor standIxds and as consistently sought to undermine those stand rds when achieved, to secure the repeal of the statute! , and to relegate the situation to the abyss from which years of patient endeavor alone have sufficed to rescue it. Recognizing the threat of permanent impairment of labor standards which the situation nfolds , the War Labor Policies Board regards it as a, matter of the highest public importance that it shall formulate a program which, while adequately meeting)\ https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis • the need of immediate production, will maintain the necessary safeguards for women workers, will insure that their intro- duct3on into night work shall be li mited to the periods of emergen- cy and will render it certain that those periods shall be restricted to the time when, through the recruiting and mobilf ization o f male labor withdrawn from other fields,A production er— esn—bre,--rminlaired without the 1144—frItton'of women for night 4/\J ( e &• LA-1 j.Vt https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Night work for -omen in plants working on or in connection with contracts for the Federal Government will be viere44,40,44—eft+7 witon.authorized by the , official certificate of the Secretary of • altalgo4.4 War Of the Secret.lry of the Navy., Each *ertific,teiwill cowammtm- titdeaL146-0/44 plant D-r-rtritit.41001111w4,ed "3i 1 ("tr-- )period to which it is limited. ify p OA -.1-.4.,4--k• c--44, --.1--and will spec- -,-., t_ z. , c, Thorough investigation „ ei-i-14: r-4-14--ffe-ee444.14R—isskt%noe-Gf...thia—cgizt.L.Ic—te.a., and the establish- ments holding such certificates will be under the continued super- vision of a designated Federal Department.(4(1 The certific,ttes will be issued onl_y rhen the necessity therefor has been demon- strated, and when it has been established to thr' satisfaction of the GevAlimment that the rorking conditions in the -nlant conform to the stanOards set by the Federal Government, and are in compli- vice with the provisions for health, safety and comfort required . by the St. te law, and they' will be continued in force only so long ' , 6,No certificate will permit as Ruch standards are maintained a shift of more than eight hours , and rotating shifts will bf ,Ar,,. . . , 4 /encouraged. 1--. It will be the policy to ovoid issuir. unless it shall be mAe to certificates is apparent that it 115,0_1315.944- impracticable 1,64 .4paI4 the necessity glerecfoveby the employment or men over sir by the transfer e, , the draft age or unqualified for military servi A of men from non-essential industries, by the extension of plants, A /v by the introduction of industries into new t, managemen by improved kvx- areas; and the departments will endeavor to minimi2e theiA i-g- sitcc. by a careful distribution of contracts with iiam. regard to the P. looal labor supplyI. - 6.1._4„_,,,, „.2,,,e_A i....6,...-.. r- - ...A In the enforcement of the regulation the cooperaticn of state agencies will be sought in-so_fAx--44;--- may-be-pustsIble, and the Dowers confided to the verious deplrt- ments and bureaus of the Federal Government will be invoked to the fullest extent. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 4 v.-44 t. • ••••••• t IdaLA4-4,..4 4 - - /, 11,4_, . 064,,,,, • A. gi it 1.-t-tax, 1ifl 644e5tak k --t-Y-t/t_. fr" 4 1v--v(A https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis --4 Al--, . ti/-7G-4t C4A , ."4 ,,elotz _ ctivu k;„ it, Sf=a-;13),t4, f\ INFORMATION BLANK FOR SHIPPING BOARD SERVICE. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR U. S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE Please fill this blank infull, whether you are working or not, and mail in inclosed envelope, without postage. Will not go Will go if asked Name _ Present address Permanent address (Please notify address below if you change this address) Age What, branch of the carpenter trade are you working at? Have you done wooden bridge work? Have you done https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis dock work? OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT TELEGRAM GOVERNMENT RATES Acting Commissioner of Labor, L. P. P211er, Harrisburg, Pa. THE WAR DEPARTMENT IS ASKING FOR RFPORT FRCV PFILADFLoNIA ORDNANCE REGARDING NIGHT WORK IN PLANT WHICH YOU RFPOET. YOU WILL BE ADVISED AEU INFORMATION IS RFOFTITTM. rFOCFMRF RECIPTING NICET ruPy NOT YET PETERMINED. WILL TRE/' YOU I WORMED. Van nista War Labor AA-ministration - 1919 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Wman in Industry Service. INFORMATION BLANK FOR SHIPPING BOARD SERVICE. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR U. S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE Please _fill this blank infull, whether you are working or not, and mail in inclosed envelope, without postage. Will not go _ Will go if asked Name Present address _ Permanent address (Please notify address below if you change this address) Age What branch of the carpenter trade are you working at.? Have you done wooden bridge work? _ Have you done dock work? Have you had shipbuilding, shipyard, or dry-dock experience? If yes, at what branch of such work, and how long? Shipwright? Ship carpenter? Joiner? Fastener? Boat builder? Can you lay out work? Can you read blue prints? ____________________________________________________________ Do you understand calking? _________ What experience? _ How soon could you,respond after being asked to go to a shipyard for the Government? What experience in superintending work? Can you instruct men and get along with them? _ Please send here the names and addresses of two or three men, not members of the Brotherhood, who have experience that might, under training, qualify them in some branch of shipyard work? https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 0 14-1297 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Night -oft "or lAomen in 21,nt9 workine with or or in connection r the Fecierii.. Governmint will be -.emitted only onrt9 of'1.-1-..,1 certirilito o4" the Sf•cretiry of when kuthori- e.c: by the "ertifim. te will f' the M.,,v . 7i‘r or the Seoret ., ry :tontIn 7 a deftignttion oP th,T, ;lint for whi••b it in isr,ued And i4.i try period to whl. -1 it in limiteci. Thoroub investigtion tee, .nci th will prolede the ifv:tulnce cy'" the o' ; degiraltefi Feder -a LA will be ir,!7ued only ohen str-,ted, Inc! ith tI *! r,h. by the Stt et by th rjrn lv., euch .?ttnrdP t, h- cr:rti Th cesgity tl,., rr•for h e8t"kb the Govrni,ent th,,t the ,orking " to the !It-An' .rt19 tihl.1 he under the continue," -uper- ,ertific.Ae.1 talents toP.ing p Fe .r.;:. Plied to ti.-ms i mk1nt..1.-ci. of 1 nt ":on'orta ov rrt, .ne: •re in r b: .1tb, s .9ety d they bf en .'esion- oapU ,-!oit"ort required oontinueci in force only 90 lor,g rtiitv .111 permit ., tb ..n tir,ht ho-r. , ?nd rottn. 7.;b1ftn will b: ,11.1.ft of mcr, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Mortover, th, st,tes ortn in whioh the employmnnt O night 1,, neithf r forbir'-'en nor rub je"t to rc,?gul tion in- olude 30113. of toe . o" the more is?crt nt in 'us trill -t.t q, ind whi b 'n their :uori- j..(•ent tr., the ff %.-2r—t.rd lookink; thwe oi,ni.n Are forbi.:'1.en it, tne in I tbor "01116 -:ek -.rho by their e,perit.-17.e 1se2u1se in thl.t these. corvi' tions rfinfcrcd by tht, p tr".otio seem to le Id to in,!.re 13ed th -t. fi.vor o!' Mt; 11rt ro- clone 1 Fttntly opposed duction, my enAble thf forcel th it h AFtently the i.donticn of hiher 1.1.bor straid‘rds And IR oon, soupttt to uncieral.ne thoce 'he repel1 of th ;t tut:. t rds when i.r•hieved, to secure knd to relegl.to tt'r p ,ti(nt err. slyss trot rhi vor tu tion to the •ed Ione h to rescile it. Reco,zni7ir.,, the thre.i.t 0rt 'Jed sttnri ,trf'. FR uneoles hi -11 the situ Boird reordc= St te th It it 'la 111 en ^ the WEAr Libor Poliolf.. s o" thf. hi -test public impr)rt-,nce 7ro hlh, h11.e miequi.tely ateetln, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis the neec!. s1,1'r1c tc I !..1::;;.or - r , A111 M ,Ant'An wi) l insure tttt thy r isAfegu,r(!9 for t4onwn oorkk-rt4; due;:tinn intc cy tz tt vrk h 11 lo 11 mitcd tc c t,riefi 0. t:mfrgen— ii 11 rvidtar it :•ert •17' t,t37t tho,e periods sh-ti I be re... cgobil- s Vil to title tint stri‘- 1.7Ation thf, nsoes.;,try C relicbor with., r yen from ottor fie:drist proluction ovl be z‘inti.incc; 4.1thoqt,th iti irwtion or won for nieht work*. f • ..1..••••0001111 A Fram tilt) very entrince Df ,ur cJuntr) 1.0,,o the /Lrid istrAiJa ..,n the :nnouncei policy of the n:Itionl- .slmin it h,. be, I: -ith tlisf'svnr u:»n .thprt-s4.htei1 attemr,t et to or tken 'J.)/ Lae vtiric)us f- he hoqith and efficienc) of the s—rker!,. _ei !,ec,r1 7r„)vi-"e-!, it 17.1 .= no,In re;11-ti.c In ine intert of Upon ,„1.0f__c 2tJt ta:4ten ,.; oc P:FILI est b,ishod ru,es -bierv nce -‘r)tecTi -)n ,nd thus t.) of he-Ith. IndeEKI in taJse st.Lt,3t, iiertion f mciro tam a oiicy, -Ln.! r.co,ni2in_ tntt in ti;ae *e re-ffirm tae .ergency need for any tem?3r,ry f war the e.‘, prescribe:! by 10 3x,rience or n frol prJtectA ,:uinLstrl.tivo ,J1de• is best under- st,),:i by the nAtiJ11,1 adAinisOlti)n, e now urge strict cDmpliInce t in the leval y this ruLatLtt sork be n.t d ne in or ot..ii ti..; the A 1 prescribed :!pnditipna, lntii e- w:As elereency 3card h1,3 letPrminei thit in the specific isLnc Rxists sufficientto wlrr-.nt the federal r„)Dneihility forgr-mtin_ https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Lnini Lrotjon in avJr emereency p1,111t. OFFICERS Zip TottsumprB' Kragur Er President, Rocit WELL HARMOK POTTER, Hartford. let Vice-President, HENRY W. FARNAM, New Haven. 2nd Vice-President, ARTHUR T. HADLEY, New Haven. Incorporated Recording Secretary, MRS. S. H. WILLIAMS, Glastonbury. Treasurer, MRS. W. S. CONNING, Hartford. AFFILIATED CLUBS Auditor, H. LEONARD BEADLE, Hartford. General Secretary, Miss M. C. WELLES, Newington. The Fortnightly Club, Madison The Hearthstone Club, Hartford DIRECTORS The Saturday Afternoon Club, Wethersfield MISS FRANCES E. BRINLEY. Newington. The Woman's Club, New Preston LIE. CHARLES F. CARTER, Hartford. The Woman's Club, Washington Mss. CHARLES P. COOLEY, Hartford. The Woman's Literary Club. Wallingford MISS ISABELLA ELDRIDGE, Norfolk. The Camaraderie Club, Y. W. C. A., Bridgeport MRS. IRVING FISHER, New Haven. The Etnoia Club, Y. W. C. A., Bridgeport MRS. WILLIAM B GLOVER, Fairfield. The Iota Sigma Club, Y. W. C. A., Bridgeport The Ramona Club, Y. W. C. A., Bridgeport The Sept Lois Club, Y. W. C. A., Bridgeport Torturrtirut DIRECTORS Miss M. B. HINE, New Milford. MRS. ARTHUR G. KIMBALL, New Britain. Miss MARY F. MUNSON, Guilford. Miss ALICE MURPHY, Branford. Mits. C. E. H. PHILLIPS, Glenbrook. MRS. JOSEPH S. PORTER, Portland. NATHAN D. PRINCE, Hartford. MISS NORA L. REYNOLDS, New Haven. ALLAN K. SMITH, Hartford. MRS. HOWARD B. TUTTLE, Naugatuck. MRS. CURTIS H. VEEDER, Hartford. MISS ALICE WARD, Bridgeport. MRS. FRED. M. WILSON, Bridgeport. MRS. Lucy B. WILSON, Wethersfield. The Presidents of Affiliated Clubs. 36 Pearl Street, HARTFORD, CONN. July 24, 1918 My dear Miss Van Kleeck: Some time ago you wrote in reply to a letter of mine,advising me to take up the gas mask situation in New Britain with the Surgeon General's office. Had I not been so busy,I should have written you at once that that would imply a criticism of the New Britain manufacturerswhich was far from our minds. Everybody admired the spirit in which the city rose to meet the emergency, and nobody felt critical of the overtime work in the unusual conditions. What we did deplore was the fact that no suspension of law was asked for by the authorities in Washington. The factory inspector was approached informally. Naturally the idea spread throughout the state that no violations of labor laws would be noticed, and one company began employing women elever hours a night. This violation of law was reported to the factory inspector who co-operated with us perfectly and stopped the practice. He does not think that any other violations are going on now and we have dropped the matter unless necessity for further action occurs. The Sargent Company of New haven is employing a night shift of vv. en seven hours and a half ,five nights in the weelc from 5 p.m. until about h2. 50 a.m. and giving them high pay to start with. They are having no trouble in getting workers. They nave given me the complete list of their night workers to investigate and publish the report. You mew. find it interesting, and I shall like to send it to you. It is the best thing I know of in the way of night work. Congratulating you on your steady line of promotions and wishing all success, I am Sincerely yours, Miss Mary Van Kleeck Labor Department Tashington, D.C. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis WIN x INDTISTR7 IrRVTCV July My dear hire. Berrie: ThvII, . you for your letter of July 18th. As Chairran of a special .eatiettommittee of tha Pvliciea "Roam! I have boon woL•king this week on it re.cort whiol; will : de tsrmiaz ,tat.ls of State Dep4rtrnento of L:Abor .n refer-L.:743o to ifl$4Ctjo f -7:1,vis 'zorkjn i ccntractLi rot the feleril the Jar Lo vtraw . A c ts action ii taken no1icie trc 7ou tnl Commisain-lor will be ftoti710J. 1...TELVIrwhi.2. I 41 : - ve,-y 7;111 to haves yc..41- of iO,Lon on this point. .).ile:r1 rocornneiviations relurritrr, I have not yet ! Aryl rrocodureifl plantn emOoyi,17, W r a I r400r— it presibl 171sh hale t1.1:1 ripest sitould AULVO coAfel'ence ,ree vita you t.:14t Trinifirttioni. I a , In advance, a1thou4h I art not ware that it neol 11,3 ,t moletiAq:. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis inagtrely yours, Director, Women in Irduotry Servici. Mrs. 6ap.uel Somylo, TI6uto/Lle, r\ j CABLE ADDRESS ';/"RALEIGH, WASHINGTON!' Fu RALEICII.,1 EUROPEAN PLAK. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF WE.L ESTON, MANAGER log 51- lut_okai2A_ 9fNctalat€44 t nA.44>1(AJ 4n1EUL- rt E.-, t -4-e),-,A)--- Ala . kCgtx_ ..,t -43k2-, P 1-t04_, Ahl.AAAfill, -4A,-A.c.- a.tuf,t --"C-- -, , 1 , ,4,1,4,•:.(_ A 1 , . 4 .4-4A9L (/#LJOLit I .142— k 4,L : • etuhA-GL- 14- Tc-6-41 t kr- YkiL ' ILA>LirtLe" https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis • CABLE ADDRESS "RALEIGH, WASHINGTON' IICUIRcorDam PLAG10 ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF E.L.WESTON, MANAGER WAS1-1111ifiriN)N, ).i es-L2,,,trAt A t,-44 ri OL. 4.44,40- Ag4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis A 9A cu.0-c CABLE ADDRESS -RALEIGH, WASHINGTON:' THE IRA141-41306111 EUROPEAN PLAN. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF. E.L..WESTON . MANAGER . WAS 191 ttat MAJL- 6r4z.t-Lz_ etue4k 4.La_ ALA0_ ••vur0 , rit16L2,11A„,14 (1,, ci,A4Cit :um& f -La'T • https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis the erploy ment of 1.at night work of women can often be avoided by tary service, an over the draft age and those not qualified for mili es, by the extension by th,2! transfer of men from non-essential industri new areas, by a of plants, by the introduction of an industry into rd to the local labor careful diatribution of contracts with due rega will not be granted supply or by iaproved management. Certificates unless it suffice to increase prois clear thEiC,..1 these methods do not ion of the war. (-motion to tha point demlinded for the prosecut for night shifts of Certificates will be issued only be encouraged. eifsht hotlabs or leas and rtnating shifts will Full com- set by the federal governpliance will be required with the standards Labor Policies Board and ment, through the War Labor Board, the War that women introduced into other agencies, includtAg the requirement l pay for equal work, and work hitherto done by men shall receive equa con:fort required in state labor laws. provisions for health, snfety and https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis r. , • mg. r 1.1.;ATAIlVE SIAT;;AAEN1 ON NIGHT WORK TO 136 iSSUED BY WAR 1,ABOR POLICIES BOARD As the war goes on and larger and larger numbers of men are withdrawn from industry for miLitary service.,requests for permission to employ women at night are growing more frequent, aa4. VCrAotr6 ce jhe War Labor Policies Board regards it as a matter of public importan A to make clear I444; attitude of—trhe—f-e•teral—gcrrarnitremt on this subject. CID It is the policy of the administration as voiced frecuently by both the President of the United States Ind the Secretry of War ,thafl the stIndards protecting women in industry shall be rigidly 544( maintained, and it is highly im?ortant theIr st,te)shoutd ttIcexa backward step by failing to maintain the safeguards already achieved. Night work for women has been hell to be injurious because of its ( effects upon health and because of its social effects. SevdT21 e-0--- ) YziAclhe P\ import-trit Alia 't- industrial states have no _Laws prohibiting night work, and it'has been resorted to extensive..ly in working on war cont;.. . / ti numhti an that qith ng d increa$i ofnglan ce It haS been the experien //1: 13,9 of women in industry it is exceedingi.y difficult ',,c) avoid niLht work for women, but it should be permitted only when the federai government finds that it is necessary for essential production for the war. Where it is proved to be necesstry, the Secretary of War or the Secretary " will grant to a particular plant for a L401! specified period u war emergency permit :ainc poscib,e the employment ,00 CA; of up4en at night. This permit will be issued only after careful investigation, and after the.4eadiitorvt of the emLloyer has been obtaine,1 to the establishment of adequate safeguards under the continued https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis w -2- suoervision of a designated federal department. The War Emergeacy permlt4W;eobtained by -ct11 empoyin6- wo _en at night, even in states permitting night work for women. State departments of labor and industrial commissions are 1.sked to co-operate by seeing to it that no exemptions are granted to any pint under state .Laws except after the issuance of a war emergency permit. The permit willbe issued only for night shifts ..f eight hours or less. -.4-*oltan under aipitt4i.aa_yera of age wil_ be permittet and.laiRifengo.rsAlhe standards out- lined by the War Liabor Board lud the W:_tr. 1„ab,r Policies Board, and the reuirements A* state labor laws will be rigidly enforced in any plant having a permit for night work. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis .41Imp —4-- H. 4. In general the standards outlined by the iVar Labor Board, the War Labor r'olicies Board, (Jeneral Orders #13 of the Chief of Ordnance and Circular #18 of the Cuartemaster General and state labor Laws, should be rigidly required in any plant having special exemption for night work. the Records of output should be kept in such a way as to determine best schedule of hours from the point of view of production. 5. There should be adequate provision for health supervision inciuding physical examinatixi of women employed on the night shift. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis *Alai A 00 From the maxik.entrance of our country into the world war it has been the announced policy of the national administration to look with disfavor upon short-sighted atiem tits to set aside or to re14 egal measures taken by the various states to safeguard the health and efficiency of the workers. Indeed in those states where ieLal regulation had not already been provided, it has been deemed wise in the interest of sustained output to extend equivalent protection and thus to require observance of well est bLished rules of health. Upon careful consideration of more than a year's experience we reaffirm the wisdom of this policy, and recognizinL that in time Of war the ellergency need for any temporary deviation from erotected conditions prescribed by law or administrative order is best understood by the national administration, we now urge strict compliance with this rule that work be not done under other tian the legal y prescribed conditions Policies / stance a War .emergency ,-, until ;. lication to the ktk Labor N\ Board has deterrined that in the sp exists sufficient to warrgmt the f ific dministration in assuming . responsibility for granting a war emergency permit. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis •rir , '11/11A7v7e4iAl 7 -1 4:4 Pvcre\'"i (r_7 7-1 -4114 y trt 71cv https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis . 4,6-411 -7-11 N., A 11-7-14\ 1:14(rWla "vvt- pr-14/1 MA 4 441/ Q -77r-11/k 6-AA rA r" /1(Yr\VVI r 4'11}V .1424: 31 - do. J% A , TENTATIVE STATEMENT ON NIGHT WORK TO BE ISSUED 3Y WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD As the war goes on and largqr and larger numbers of men are withdrawn from inluFtry for militE,ry Service, re4uests for permission to employ women at nieht are growing more frequent. The War abor Policies Board therefore regards it as a iatter of public importhnce to make clear its attitude on this subject. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis •er hsjOur, V.0 1.-•^ 4 Afi- „LOtAit 45, 14.^•11.4 irk A I :f VV... V VV4 4 Q4r I,/1/, I kAt J'A • I r7 .!/(1 i.• 41, /* vs, ' h t A. • •it r--- ., .,. ',I, livs,14„,..,,,, ...., ,_, ...,, 4,./<,-V ttvi„.,/' ., t N ,,,,. f , 1 , ...a.. I \ti—NtAivdt.`-- ? kA A:4 , ktI i • X, ,...., ,_ 0........j.„. ' litA./1 , KA .p. ra.... (44-1,• 1 4, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis \'i( C 1 I 4,) ( kVA- OW k4 c 1 '' — 1 1 , c".••.-1 },, € . -a.,P-Lfi‘ r IVAA,A4 tue—t— A 1A . ( t.1 I. Li6A-. ,*1 (kAA--1/ 11 4\A_A:1- y 1-1f t;t4 4 Ai 1./ 11^-4.11 ‘0.) ,•v. A-1 ii44I- From the our country int..) the world war it has ati.nce ann)unce, " policy of t':c fe,• admirdstratin to -17eff*4-44,4t- :<-14tauleter-unsn short-slichted attempts to .011%_aAIAA0---oam..4* relax legal meures taken Py the irri:uo states to sttfeguerd tn.° health and efficiency of the workers. lepossmaimi.o4-40tefte,-.944.44e-whe sust,c2.i4; t- the interrfi-e-tuire L1 A-624--gatalllizbad-rue-e-h7-7ttt. Upon careful consi,er,tion of morb than alweb 11, ye,trl, experience Te reaffirm the witido,:l of this ?olic9 ( ati th,,,t, af-w-mm, tho- mo-rnoy need for temporry cleviatipn from alcoakt, Cbitk,CALO law or E„;.ministrAive 642 ddHAAULkAl UnAtIX.IANY4 Of tte ntional ktyakw •,.-f,ew-ttrrer-betwatta:1, /,4vrit AL , !AI one-a3er otharler7,ritn . tTri+ytMLocie t 4?ilti.tirrIr7*664ke66,44 ,91A_ la emergency caused by the neces!;ity Enti' 1 ,,r7-Auction nitt WZ,Ti. o; 4 be shown to arise indis.ens&bly reiuirik, the omen, the War L, Jor Policies 3oard has determine,:. to formulAe procedure for tempor,ry war , i ermitt 11lowing such work NNN---- . Aoric for women tss been fourl uxft lAto) tAkiTia, St.-141AeLd_z1 eocco A )152/:Oa-kr/4a fAA-- W-tA in the indutrial /10144h/1 A4--17740/tut exoericncs of 11 countrie-, to be harmful w,cause of itskTeect on heci.lth qtAtj ; A 000-4-4A-921°,4,40-A-t_fact-c,...ctito&e.cd2e y c war it was forbidden by interortreties in the lettA.nL A"uropean countries. In the United States SPRet sev:r1 im;)ortnt irOuArial states engtel laws .AFQ4 loAe m" " kt6 niLht -T-Jtk 0,4101,ed GA: pkicielwowci tb,? New' York upheld As conFtitutional by the highest court of the 91 stAe (Scweinler Press 'c-, th6 People). in vi.F... of ttf. country's need of ute WtEi trke>.A .prw7erving the itylutrial efficiency of its waee earning women, Ae nicht ItLx..k. will be a lowed only in cc,ses of it0c,4.--, urgency. IlLALALawAjwdllI/tIglIt A. -Pcutt3 been , legally reorted to in the -.)ast A,vii:: La4k.t.tEyp—Awoatctpe in states ';.lere ..\ IAA, ame4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -70 777-- 4 )1 e TA ‘' • . •\„,„: V --- • .r. t .:!, - . -..•,...-...•-• j 4 ) 4,-, krZTA 1 '1 , i le, 1, 1,-.:) C....1. ,1,4777 X fr." , .4! k+, 04-64, 4/VZAA-1 faicst,\,4 d*. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ik-Mt-L .a e-1:42.6 44,-,LeA R Y4) 1 4 -S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR c)/41, ! Aa C114/61kid-- iquaA26zd afit711/442 )(02-1- e y-1LIf-k &AAA fi:Ult Char- 6,1)z C2411e(15‘ - ec-3 ktA-P)-k Ord/i1CQ kTiz Ifr-eCtlAJ6- 0-1 RIX Jaw at‘.4-04904fi-A-4 1 , ef2,20 . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis fottIA:L Gu4k4 (GLk/6 4- 6; )1kcJ1 (le 1-0- tr4c4e StAirp,e'k, cbtiJ vAtAQ No.205 Ed. 3-22-18-300,000 ak Clate 0162-ctS • ex.14.1gaitit- 14touAase ktitp kit a-R t A-4 PQ_zotAA (tirtAx tft4 14.-.114,4 come under uniform regulations. with.ektrsc,-.42.ka Eit%tes where SpstifectACo federal permits will in future A.lerigto:le the 't-Ae, (.0,04u, TA En:',rA:kry of W.Ir or the Secret,..:ry Where the necf, It- I of the Nt,Avy emergency will grr,nt to a - rticulv , allowinL the e loyment veti,tion will ;Etermine th4,- need hall oe under the conti'1ued The .7T-rmit f thE Ar.r 14.,1 or Pr.Jli ieue u)ervision of unle Lior.7! etv.11 h owen t ni ht. ech Creful in- hirk6 feer,1 le .;-Irtient. P. only for niLht ehift such ,:ermit ri:t411 5 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis :1'.,nt for a cpecifiel T)-riod, a war of iat h -,ur, or les. No Lh. -t the mAkrixINCO of -3401160,-._,TK the War Lct'..)or ?dth. cevetchtti, Sethidic abl , toikkA/ 56.4- 04J P4" ) (A4o/ lecouti,(a,a(oifcgi, g Afm a,A )q,otti3 4,Ah 2 (:)ard we'_ _..• Iii‘ -,-.,1_,A jskA.1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis •ViA- k k yi .., 4it ikti ,....tp.,...... • i', ,. ,,,- ) c , ki -01.0_,4 -_,( .4.„ Yr- 'ir• 1 ii -6, -..• IL( t ( 1 ' L.092 --t ;. # Y ,A 4.--4* %40-. i • ' ; J „ , https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis en.-_•,our 7,ed. I rill ht the oiLy to been irctic,b1t It h tte unlems I t sh ell be void iseuini, certifilstes void the neccw,ity th,ro .f.or by -the to the •s."° , by th,.: lisze or unc.u-lifi, ci ter ml 1; tary se:rv! or mtn from non—e -Ipent. -ti in:'.ustries, by tho, by improved sre,ts, negerrient, by the introc4,1 into fur n ncl the deep-A.rtmf,nts till ende,vor to ulinimi e thc sitte4 by .1. oq,re'ul distributizm oontr...cte vefth cue reetrt! to the lo .7,1 1 hor i4upp1ysi n the cn.florcenent of tb or be Exnts tt OPI1F, hu'-\u eYt,nt. .gen3'Pe pr.l rbNlAti on the hr ro,iht in e.o nd the :or rF 'on ' o. t neoes— tr. f.b.. C.,OVE rrTiAnt 7 rIou rt- 17 1 be invoked to the-:. -1- crm 14th The increasing withdrawal of men from industry coupled with 1°14J tt, fa.ce to face with the enor ous axplision of our war program, has brought us - C) v14 th the labor supply or of suf alternativs of providin7 an immediate increase in unitioned. our forces to go into the field underequipped and underm exigency iiutd : The the departments of the Cov. immediacy of the need, as set forth by ry operations, is such as to 04 .‘ ernment responsible for the corduct of or ni1it4 4ZIA" Iv it has been ret abrbad by the render it trrAnifent that it mumt be ret hero :is tem 17 ries. greater utilization of women in the essential indust A and we are alrady larFe number of women are now this employed, irrtroriuction into the ni), A, confronted with the problem originp from their shifts. this practise tin 'osernment has alwtcs een opposed, • d since been directed to the maintenance of Vet beginning of the war its efrorts have ces, which when long constandards which forbid this as well as other practi tr the heft' h and moral tinued are universally recognized to be detrimental - Community. toie of V. of evertheless it can at but reco •nige t at under. the pressure bacons" war demands it rr..ly Nov, be or in the near future may cessity. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis practical ne- -titrty of the 'oreover irrespective of its necessity it is now in -2- l ished fact; and in t'e 4? Stat,?7,7 important oertres of industry an estab no of the Union where the laws imr , se restrictions, :111d in two others conferred by the . tat utes the rewhere under discretionary powers are permitted to be waived, women either strictions of the 't4tutes are ex. employed in night work, and m4 be now or in the near future will be constantly increasing numbers unles- the pected then to be amp? os,ed in practice some method of restricting the rederal rovernmnnt eha21 devise may justify the adoption. to the rwcasion wherein the need - ( ,#* f, I L-7 1/1 17171tr https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 6tf,61,/ fj gq (f‘i https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - 2 e. /15-- ,L..24 tc_ 4Nemillagiim9r— Such certificate should be in the form of a leclaration to the proper st,ite officials that a •,, iar emer,seqcy bAs arisen in 1. vrticur. 1,kr plant tor a particulnr Uwe. By this method, if ,cny temporry de- viation from conditions 7:,rescribed by 1Pm should be dsmonstrated to be necessary, the necessity for it All be determined solely by the n..tional government, and the need will be at Nithaut piilruivinent or sweeping changes in *tits labor laws. Furthermore, women will be rrotected ag,inst the dan- gers of ntO_Nork in states now leclly permitting it. If the necessity for theen . loyment of Nomen between the hours of 10 P. M. and 6 A. M. is delmnstrilted, and if working criniitions stIsfct:.ry to the Federal Government a.re estbliahed, the Secret ry of Airl°-.err7te oy the this-fe-edr-at-thr-Nevy, under conditi_nsg=ppe 444-4'aprv.04yj ?1,1-0!) will trHnsdt throu44h • enforceLLent of labor laws A temporary in.r carstate aenzy oha.rod • tific-te 1.lowing the el,ployment of woen mt nijit in ths p-rticull* for A specified period -ald A.11 mill/get the St Y fi.enc;/ to co-orte in the enforcemInt of the liizittins secified in e,ch certificf,te. These certific-tes will be issued limier the vi.,A• powers of the Federal Govsrnment Plnnts in states where night work has been legally resorted to in the past will CODA under the same re4ulltions beginning Decelaber 1, 1918. No nt .morking on - war nontrct for the Federal flovernment will be qllo:ed thereafter to employ Nomen after 10 P. M. oh' before 6 A. U. withs. out n war sumrgency certific . "1.,n /\ ist-raine the necessity for night work and each est.i.blishment h,lling ceetificr,te shalt be under the eon.. Thorough inveviti supervisi ,n of a desigpated feder-11 department. It should De amp. ph-_sized th-A ni,;ht 7ork of Nom= can often be avoided by the eloplorment https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Of men cvr the drnft ago and those not quAified for mdlitflry services lor the tr.:meter of men from nonfiessential industries, by the tatension of pintss by the intro:tuction of an industry into new nren.s, hy a aPireful distribution of contracts with Imo regard to the locl lkbor suply or IJ.7 Improved tnnomment. Cortific!Aes ill not be grnted unless it is clan: that these tethods do not suffice to increase producttin to the )oint dem,,nded for the :,resecution of the war. Certificates will be issued only for night shifts of eight hours or leas nnd rot tins shifts will be encouraged. Jill ba required with the stnords set by the fedorAl th Full comqiance governments throw,h WAr Labor Board, the War Labor Policies Board !Ind other Nenniess in.0 eluding tha requircdent thiA en intmluced intu work hitherto done by sy for equA. vorks .4nd provisions for heqlths men shral receive equal r, safety %rid coaort reuirod in st-te 1bor 11ws. 1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis September 6, 1918. ,. SUGGESTED DRAFT OF PROONOME ON NIGHT WORK JF .0Aia TO BE ISSUED BY THE WAR LABOR POLICIES HOARD. As a rapidly increasini, force of men is withdrawn from industry for military service, the urgent national need for continuous production of munitions of wtir has led to frequent requests for perwission to employ women at night. Policies Board therefore regard The War Labor it as a matter of public importlnce to formulate a progrEm which will ,dctquately meet the nee:!s of production, while maintaining the necess,ry s,tfeguards for women workers. From the beginning of the war it has baen the policy of the r4-rd to relax labor laws. to op.)ose short-sighted attempts Long hours of work and employment seven days in the week tend to decrease rather than to incre BE production. It is recognized also that continuous -lnd unregulated night work for women is harmful becLuse of its bad effect on health, morals, family life and the welfare of children. Before the war it was forbidden by international treaties in the European countries. Several import.nt industrial states in this country have laws prohibiting night work for women. the utmost im,ort3hce that such laws prohibiting night work of women should not be repealed or the standards attaiied through thomjeffirallty lowered. in those states in which nikht work is legal, it is import.i.nt that the conditions of employment of women should be s feguarded. f arvi al la L••• 4 rtr It has been decided, therefore, that night work for women in plants workirg on contracts for the federal government 4.6e.,auti,44A,:ted in all'. statef; tETKET .87Btem . -tof wma—emergendf permits. By this method, if any tem:,orary deviation from conditions prescribed by law should be demonstrated to be necessary, the necessity for it will be determined solely by the national goverment, and the need will be met withou t pormanent or sweeping changes in state labor laws. Qo —4(044, women will be protected against the dangers of night work in states now legally .ermittinL If the necessity for the employment of women between the hours of 10 P.M. and 6 A.M. is demonstrated, and if working conditions satisfactory to the federal government are established, the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy, under conditions approved by the Woman in Industry Service of the U. S. Deoartalent of Labor, will call upon the state agency cha.ge d with enforcement f labor laws to grant. to a particular plant for a specified period a temporary wArr llow the employment of women at night. C A These rmi dk will be issued under the war dowers of the federa l government. Plants in states where night work 11,-.8 been legall y resorted to in the past Wiil CAlle N.; https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis beginning Decelaber 1, 1918. under the slue reLulations No plant workirE on a war contract for the federal government will be allowed theru?,fter, to employ woen alter 10 P.1. or before 6 A.. without a war emergency -3- ity Thorough investigation will determine the ^necess • for nieht work and each establishment holding sh:11 be l department. under the continued suJervision of a. designated federa cAn often be It shou d be emphasised that night work of women age and those avoided by the employJient of tspmen over the draft cf men from nJt qualified for miAitar} service, by the tr nsfer , by the non-essential industries, by the extension of plants careful disintroduction of an industry into new areas, by a loc4labor .ppIy tribution of cAatr!:xts with due regard to the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis or by im,)roved manaEe,oent. will not be granted unless increse .production it is cle&,r th%t these methods do not suffice to war. to the point demanded for Ufa prosecution of the :AA-1Z ' will be issued only for ni•-ht shifts of eight hours or Jess ,nd rotating shifts wi be encour ged. compliance will be recuirod with the standarjs Full nt _Jas.'s of the uctd into War Labor Board, includiny the provision that women introd work hitherto done by men sh9.11 rceive eul anA other stn,L,r1 labor laws. ay for equal work, ':,)t by the fe'ar 1 government and the state oucden n fce with our forces to supply or of ,. iufferin incrd.ae in tho r:ArAini:, .11 he -1ern,i.tive flold undere%uitid int,J Lh The exigency sad immediacy of the naed, as set andersuniti,med. it I i8 iuct) th, r ti nd Ji-th 4 for th.:: c.on'uct of 444 ot-AAL/1/7 the detrtmnts Jr the Gavernivat res on,51, milit4try tz-.1 .gr m, has n.1311 :1). n.re ti indu8try The ineressing witr1 of cal be met only by 3.timul J.Tv fwne incr •'ed am loyzunt of .iorsan in 'Ile .ssaenti,1 iniu: rte.'s .....nd by aanctl)nini tomiorntrily sv n triAr t?To;,.)ym 41., on nl:ht Since thre lies in tha ..io;A.T1 o. ing thoae otJtO,Irds which it ki 6 Ili d nr J: ":.,.or- %.r.e i t ::, -an th.3 c.::ntiutant ,,J.,icy of thJ uoyraiumt to 14,hold, tLa 11;.r 1.,,Ah'.r Pel!ciss b..),/ d re., ro,, it pu51ic im,ort.:nce th A it sh211 (crmu:.t.,t '46 Ak; % fidlt hi,A1,.7at r:4,r m,hich, - Ile otc'e;;;,:tiAly mJetink, Aha nliod of imthediaW r rod,..cticAl, All il, int in tb-) ne*ce$Jary b4fo...ction int.:, ni tt -ork guu.xd..i.. for com,:n r,ork ;re; will inure thAt th,ir int;rid Akan to, limitad to the •.f anorgency ,hl ,f Ill Tanner it cart ,in thA those oariodm 44b,11 6.=, r4strtctfid L. tilt, ti,n- 'oian, 4-1,, uh IA -, rexraiti.,%, nd 1,,t,iii-mtior, of m)le 1,,t)r Aithdr-mwn fr4s o hor rids, r -IJLTA.,n c n ,Awn l'n;: ni_hi ynxt ' , C.6 s int ined without the uti1i4stion of' .rr a of ,r.' ;ettr.Int i P rostr,ction:. h https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis t t o of the Union ,:v..r u on ttA,. th4ayyt rat of Jnd th.t but f,-.r ;uch a i7ro4r.ra essenti I ,t 7,,i,,rds. ni if the Axercime of vigilance in it . t..h.tt m ay of th ,. ..., Thn ni..ld hore mitt', r41t 4 -,...N n in ni,ht - .,rig, ?)rr 'it 1:torin f r---75;ptember 6, 1918. .M1 TO BE ISSUED SJaC:CI:D DRAFT OF STATE:Jr.:7T V NIGHT WORK OF 170. BOAR. BY THE WAR LABOR POLICIES - As a y increasilv force of men is withdrawn from in- Jalstry for military cc, the urgent,ntional nee to exploy women at hight. iciss Boar, th!!rf!fore rtLards The W ort9n.-,3 to for- Ju it as a Latter of publi quately mset th requests for pamission -1to fr iufAion of winitions of war continpous pro- terogrrr which will ac- 1stds of production, while mainta tñ necessary for woLion workers. saf4i I (' inning of the war it has bean the policy of the \ e.14 A r- . Overmont to cppo4 short-siGhted at ergots to roia labor 1a4s. Fro:it the hours of work and enpl nt seven dvs in the limek t / J(1C- 4.44411 t1041re-ttiqm,b, ,-, than increase produotion, rezulated aecrese ratilur ntinuous and un- n1ht ?ork for v i..en is h.2*-Lier2. because of its bad effect on , of children. Before the war th.e*waifaK!) heplth, morals, family life 4.4----a4 fps-40%4c4pit was forbiden by intsrnation- treaties in the alrop3n countries4,S industrIra sttes "er:r!ll n this cauntry hava laws 2rohibiting niett.--amerk-. for yeetiseey` It ie of the u t importnice tivt such 1:.s OUL-JI/XAci a-c.3&1ed çthe stan,ar_s lti4e+44n-, n4-14,,hioak.amuicoi.maapsh:iuld not 4'!fiC (2/14. 04.0 41.1 throu:Lh then owtred. In those states in wilic important/that the conditions of emrloyment o niL.nt A-4'k is legal, it is vn sh ull be furtlier safsrded. It has been deci-:id therefore, thtA night work for vi,,Len in plants working on or in connection with contracts for the Federal Govornment joev,Dut&i .,sia-taat-ete-tts-saZiFECETs-0-T j 4111k https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis hul- -oe aut-_lorized only uo the officil crtificate of the Sescretry of III _ 2- 11. A 1 tot Such certificte &helat.i. be in the ford, of a lecleration to Tar or Navy. the proper state officials hp.s --r thrt X'LAAL..0 any tempor,ry _r 1-1* plant :or a tiArticul-, vi&tion froll con.Ations 1.1ascribed b7 law shauld be demonstrated to be sol3ly by the nati,mal necessary, th2 n.lcessity for :L t ..overmient, and the nd will ba or . .Ynt 7it-out ..n • oe i-rotectcd a„; :4st Furtaarl43re, in st:to 1, or ris,n in a p.,,rticu- it t. 1, ,ork in states now-l3.147-4=Arre4444#44-itm 44 cf iC) P. - hJurs a-12..ssity for tha- loiht a47 waLtian bet•- ,:n the /4; At, . c -_.nAticms satiskin3 j..:;,r .1-1d f..ted, deristr , is M. 6 A. Secret-r7 of raror .iThct,ry to the Federal Govt3rnlasnt Iro est Jiisha4,, fue rta-va. 2 ITAA0472nd.n tha by .'d : rovne uur the Secretary of the Navy, ustry Servic h the of tlie U. S. De-ri-rtiJ..1.nt of Lcr, will tr'..nst,it throu, state p:;..,ncy ched enforceliJent 2)f labor laws i ttmcorarg_wat ceroi YO,Jh •=t ni,ht in the r rti3u1=r tific-te to co-orarate in for a apecifid reriod 'Ina -ill rt the St t) f=_3ncy These v 3 enfrcernt of the liik..tios sr-3cifiad in e-ch certifict s will e issued un-ter the we'r nors of the Federal Govn.nment Plants in strtes where night work has n 142ally resorted to in the past will colfl under the same re,aul..tis nin Lacer 1, 1918. ent }1-nt -orking on a war contract for the Federal Rovern,lovld thersifter to erlf_loy women after 10 P. . o out a war emerncy ceirti.zic No ill be al- efore 6 A. M. with- 1'a..4.14.A. -ma Thorough inve6titi„:1 :i.L-.:....,Iikti.÷.......-.44,t4--t4)Ate-oi I eAp-c_e_p icate certif P hAaing ishDent fistlbl each md 44Ark ... i It should os ment. 1 depart feder:? ated iesil;n a of si:An \ tinued supervi https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis eaployment that night -vork of .ro1s4.3n can often be avoided by the estec -3avoided by the anployment of men that night work of woman can often be d for military service, by the over the draft age and those not qualifie es, by the extpsion of plants, transfer of men from non-essential industri areas, by a careful distriby the introduction of an industry into new local labor supply or by bution of contracts with due regard to the not be granted unless it is clear improved management. Certificates will production to the point dethat these Lethods do not suffice to increase manded for the prosecution of the war. night shifts of eight Certificates will be issued only for uraged. hours or less and rotating shifts will be enco FUll corgoliance by the federal government, will be required with the standards sat Labor Policies Board and other through the War Labor Board, the War that women introduced into work agencies, includiw: tb. requir3.i.ent l work, and pro- en shall reclive equal pay for equa hilOrto lane by z required in state labor laws. visions for health, safety and comfort https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Septwober 6, 1918. STJGGESTIM DRAFT OF STATEMENT ON NIGHT KIRK OF ...?0!"711* TO BE ISSUED BY THE WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD. As a rapidly increasing force of men is withdrawn froal inluitry for military service, the urgent national need for continuo-us proluction of :. . iunitions of war has led to frequent requests for peraiission to 3raoy ,,, onien at night. It :-J6s The War Labor Policies Board therefore regards ..:4.tter of public importrince to forallate a program wbich will ale- quutely meet the nea4n of proAuction, Ahile maintaining the necessary safegnaris for women workers. Fro , the beginning of the war it has bean the policy of the govermrient to oroose short-sighteA attelaptc to relax 1:41-or laws. Long hours of work c*nd employ-ant seven lays in the week tend to leorese rather than increase protnction. It la recoknised also that continuous and unregulated night work for woruen is haraful because of its bad effect on health, family life an' the lfare of children. by international treaties In the Inl*Op+38121 Before the Aar it was forbidden countries. Several iranortAnt iniustrial states in this country have laws prohibiti% night work for It is of tile utmost import,..nce that such laws prokiii)iting night work of women should not be repealed or the standLixis attained through them lovered. In those sti.tes in .which night Nork is legal, it is import,..int that the conlitions of employent of tvemen should be further safwguaried. It has been decided, therefore, that night work for women in LA. plants working on ,cst,ntractsfoirthe litoderul Goveriseent ,should be pr3venni Lo • so far,as 14#:41 s4V .4 \ :41the official Ire https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis et of the Secretary uf-16r or fifty". 3uch -24401111t ej4ge Nit* that ea.nr,emec,gency 4 ' as arisen in a ti proper s tu.te , oft totals arti ar plAtror A parti- enoh---eostific.,-te 4.*Arf0Ar-be cuLir ttos. , 44:4.t the bell f of lbw -Board . &.. t& &t , 3 ,.. qtAil chi 10-1,.. .i e-(f:6-7 e reeegrAivip 4Yeliir state -officSalo ait an= evince of tkos_neasesibr -et 1 - ., 'states- retittlations.i IV this method, if antir temporary temp-orarily-ttreglitytng , -4-4..4T deviation from conditions prescribed by law should be dismonstreitted to be necessary., the reces,4ity for it will be letertained solely by the rotiorra govarment, and the need wil3 be met 41 thout permanont or sweeping chnges state 1-Jbor laws. in 4-1 Furthermore, women will be protected against the dz:irigers of night irk in states no t log.,11y permit Ling it. s> If the necessity for the employment of woolen betAae n the hours of 10 P.M. jai 6 A,. 16 ler,onstrated, and if working conditions satisfactory to the federal goverm.ent are es t:Ablished, the Secretary of Mr or the Secretary of the Navy, under conditions approved by the Woman in Industry Service of thel LAJ.—voziy\L—r U. S. Department of Labor, will forceent of labor law. the stEete agency chargei with on- ....1rticrilar Ilant for a specified period4k - -., temporary war certificate allowing the employ.1,ent of women at night. "These certificates will be issued under the vox poemrs of the federal government. Plants in states *hero night ,ork has been legally resorted to in the p:ist will co 134 under the same regulations beginning Decnber 1, 1918. No plant worki ng on a war contract for the federal government will be allomod thereafter to employ 3n after 10 P.M. or before 6 A.M. without a ear emergency certificate. Thorough investigation will deteruine the necessity for night work 'Aid each establaisipent holding a certificate shall be under the continued 410 supervision of a designated federal departfient. It should be eiaphasisel that night ',ark of women can often be avoided by the employment of nen over the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis I MIME! -3- draft age and those not qualified for wilit.lry service, by the trAnsfer of Iran from non-ossential in.lustries, by the extension of plants, by the introduction of an inlustry into ne,4 areas, by a careful distribution of contracts Alth duo ra,e;e4.d to the local labor sup„ly or by improved rcanagitient. Certificates will not be granted unless it is clear that these Inethods do not suffice to Increas e production to the point lended for the prosecution of the war. Certificates will be issued only for night shifts of eight hours or less and rotating shifts will be encouraged. Full oe will be require 6"44A46 *4-42A4A-s--49‘r; with the including the that women introtuced into work hitherto dont rabIrashall receive equal pay e5h4g. t &ai ' l for equal Nork. ant Attilikt\stA4alt4s set pA4,-144,,,,,4 tstatle labor laws. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis September 6, 1918. mom= Dam Neap Bit ISM= OF SWUM? ON NIG1IT SW( py auk Lam':651,IciEs BOARD. BY -As e. rupilly increasing fora' a men is witbdra,*n fro:u lustry for military serrice, the urgent national need for continuous production of munitions of ,iar has 104 to frequent requests for pomission to eraploy apnea at night. The iyer tAbor Policies Board therefore rt.tglsri,e It se a matter of public import zee te taalloulate s proves rhieb will aimesintslaiii the neeeseari isists4 meet the needs of proluction, safegeorde for WOR1911 sockors. 'Pro tbe beginning of the oar it WA bees tie pelicq of the goverrv.ont to o7.pose short-sighted attempts te relax lobes Ism. Long hours of *ork sod aspicriment seven lays in tbo sotsk toad to looseoaso ratio's' thou increase prediction. It io recomised aloe thAt continuous &nil soure1 flight work for wawa is hartzful beci.uso of tis bad *frost en immiltb, morale. family lite the *altar* of chillron. Naers the war it Alas forbidden by intornatiossi %risottos in tbs Ilaropoas soustrios. Soveral lat,ort,Ant iniustrial *tato* in this oosisky bine lams prehibitiss night work ter :.0-mm. It ie of the uttiont iroport.noe th,J,t such 1,:tAte prohibiting night *ark of **ion should mot be repesIed or the stanelorio attained through thee levered. In &toss stator In• 4tich niOat, A:ork is Iowa, It Is important that I!his conclitimos of omplorisat of MMUS shoull be furthor sk4.fwguardied. It hos bees tieolded, therefore, that night pyork for Mae IS in plants reeking ea °attracts far the lederill Governmant should be prevented se fir ehe lies in the poter of this flovornessit to prevent it angi not allesod imeept eyes the offielal request of the Secrotary of 1Kr or Navy. Such https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis FP, request Should be in the form ot & eertifloutio to the proper state offis declaring that Li m4r emergency has girl/main a particular cular ttTo. OA** for & parti- It is the belief of the Board that such certificate should be r.rx'ufficient; evidence of the necessity of recognised by all state officials tomperaray modifying state regulations. deviation fawn con1itions prescribed ar Av this method, if um, tamporAry Law should be lemonstrated to bo necessary, the necessity for it will be determined solely by the **Alessi governmoat, and ths need will be met without permanent or swooping changes in state labor laws. inrthermore, semen will be proteoted ngainst the dangers of night *ark in states now logally permitting it. /f the neosesity for the employment of Immo* betaren tbo hours of 10 P.M. and 6 1.11. is demonstrated, and if working conditions satiefaotory to the federal government are established, Uhe Secretary of War or the SecrstAry of the Navy, under conditions approved by the Woman in IniuEtry Servioe of the Ur. SO Dopartment of Labor, will *all upon the state *mow charged Nith esforooleat of tabor Uwe to groat te partieelar plant for a epeeitlea ported a temporary ear certificate allo*ing the employment of women at night. lhose .00rtitioatee will be Ismael under the for p4oser of tho federal goresuneet. Pl-alte in stiAtee whore id.ght work has been lagally resorted to in the past will co;w uwier the same regulations beginning Desenber 1, 1918. ft plant steering on a war contract for the federal goverment will be allowed theroaftor to employ women After 10 P.M. or before 6 A.M. Althea & mew emergency certificate. Thorough investigatien sill determine the necessity for rdght mark ismi each establishment holding a oortifioate shall be under the continued supervision of a dostipanted Morel ispestmeitt. It shoal& lee emphasised thut night ,orti. of omen oat *Ma he https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis implami w the omploymont of men over the those ry)t qualified for attify.r.sr serviae, by the tr,4nofer of 4on fro:, Lon-e3sential intuntries, by the extemoion of plants, tkv the introlurztion of inlu.4try Into no,4 areas, by a oareful distribution of contricte 4th it* ro$3.ri to tae local lxtor sut*ly or by.improvred. mAA0g111004. Certificates 411 not be grmtel uniae$ it it ciclr that those notkodo Ilionot raffles to Imeroome prG:luction to the olrit • for the prosecution of di* war. C*rLiflo!,,tea 411 be issued only for night sl...iftti of eight hour* or less Ile rot1Ltiti, shirts *ill be <11::our'eged. with the s kAnr,1 z.,,,,s.eg of tho ;71.4% coiripli?tnce will be requirod 'Anti the provision that actaart intro -„, c;q1 ir4Q ;ark hithort0 low by ;oil shEll receive ermal pay for equal stork, *tato labor laft• https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis otilvr 4. vlisrls 63? t,nu goventment %re. the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Se,)texper 3, 1918. SUGGESTED DhAFT if' STATEMENT jil_tii4iLAWJW-..E....wia4k) BE ISSUED bY THE WAR k,A1.53R Ac the wax goes an .113. larger an-. r,Jer numbers men Are w.thdi-A-n from industry for miLit,.ry service, the uriont -lation'1.1. need f:Jr continuous proluctin f munitions ,,J• has emdloy 16: to ,n incre-;.sinc, number )f re. ues-,a fJr. ,,ermission ht. ht it -2 ,T1 The A,ir Lab3r Policief3 Baard theref.;ro attter of . uplic im)ortance t: 2-K3 clear its attitude :- .eot the n:eds to formul4te R ,:roram 4hicn if ?raduction, while maintainin,; the nacess,ry s-.feuards ftr ,omen workers. Frlm the bewinnine of the 7.4r it has been the tnnounce,1 policy the nationa . alministrItion to o2po2e oh ,rt-e—'hted it Ills Atempts to relax the 'mbor ,aws ,f the vLIri'Jus st,,,teF. hell that lorv houre labor fAnd employment seven 1,Ays i tho week shifts, teni to Aecrele railer ttnn to increase drojucti)n. the 14 11.wever, 'Although iL ,ener%1 founq to ;,roduce ,ess shifts, nevertheke— r-f-1 t in the continuous use al the net inert, At.t. f outout ur h ,v1.1 ab It is r,,c').nized that continuous ni ht work fpr is harmful bec.iuse f Lts bad effect on he,,,ith, aorals, fami,y life In! the welf,Lre if chiliiren. aeforP the war A -wJi f,rbidden by intem-tionlA treaties in the iWtlink r.-1 1 cuuntries In :;nited States sever, im prttnt DILIstrial states htva ih-e ?rohinitine - - rk f:dr .ocn, sh ,, No- York itiltute lute been 0 hezt court udheA lb constitutional by the 11. f the stmts. In European countries, however, tne ,.roE.ress _if the wlr his ied to the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis A- I tn.t it ni6ht, aithpi.jh ex.perie%ce :4.711 e,idloyment shouA be kept within liait6 and c-xefu ly reL u.t6d. • It is ,f the utabst import,%nce th_t tfte attained in state legis,ation shoid be udhetd ,nd t,,t the net.; i dresoribed by for any teaporhry leviati,on frx. th. should be detarwineJ un!y by tne ,weepin,, oh no3s in sttte :Ab,r ,ithbut need met , lams. Jn the other han,l, , itext shuld be ;:rotocted nJ4 laneere of nit-ht Nork in st,tes tho e,ally permit it. Therefore, if the necessity for the ewployment women between the hour, _I' 10 -3.1. and 8 A.M. is demonstrated % the feder9.1 e.overn%nd if workinf.. conditions satiF,fictlry Tent are eetablished, the recret:J.ry :f War or the Secret .ry of the Navy under conlitibns a2,,roved by the '..)min ih Industry ServLe .° the U. De?,,rtment of -Abor, will aak the state ,gency ch,-treei ,dth enf)rce.,erit ,f .mu)r taws to 0-ant to trarticur d:Ant fr edecifiel 2eriA w;tr e er,ency Pt..i.:ts in sttt.c,., ailoki:4 the -employment _f i;here 4 dork h,le been lek-IlLy re,,ortei to in t.:'e „,•,.it AL co,ae un.ler the 8,tme riations. No pli.t,nt i.!orkin6 on & war co,trixt fbr the felerai „:':vernment wi,. be allowed here.,fter to eaploy //omen after 10 ?.M. or bef•re 6 A.M. without a wmr e.nergency C9reful investigation will determine the need f:.,r nip ht *ork, ...n1 each c- ,Ibiishment holdih#. a yerait sh-At be under te continued su,.ervision of desiellAted feder, l, dedartment. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -6- The ?emit wiii be Issued niy fr ni:ht shifts of ekht h4ur6 Lesa, and rotatin6 shifts ghoreby zt„. ht Aori l'Jr any ialiviiw,1 occure onHi for ;one p5ek in three will be eacJuragel. FL such ?emit will be isEued unless the a4ardo of the War Lanor Board 8trithirdt3 s t by the federi. government the stete b3r the pro- for .., .fety, heaLth ,nd comfort i:11'.1.11 hive been fu“y complied with. NiOrt work )f wumon cn by the em ,)vent .f men .ver the :rift a„:c often be ,nd those not uaiifled f3r iii itary service, by the raisfer len fr,411 non-eesenti.11 industries, Dy the exteasion of piante or the intrAuction of an industry int, new are .s, by a cqreful Lltribution f contrct Jtb lle rar1 1.1)or .A1,yty, or 5y im,dr-Jve,1 ,An t:efpent. un_eds it is c ear th.t thee the local ?t,r.gits wiii not be ,ethoda do not wiffice to incre.t8e production t) the point dempin led for the ,)rusecation Jf the 4,1r. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Se tediber 3, 1E18. SUGEST D DFAFT JF STATIE11-T IA- THE WAR 1,AbOR '.:1D4 VO.ilt,N TO HE ISSUED ks the war goes on and larger and larger ,Aombers of iLen ar,; withdrawn frof.1 industry for military service, the urgent national need for continuous rroduction of munitions of war has led to an increasiag number of requests for women at night. The War Labor ermission to em,:loy ?olicies Board therefore regards It as a matter of public importance to make clear its attitude and to formulate a irogram which wilL adequately Lieet the needs of production, while aintainln,,- the necessary safe6uards for women workers. From the beginP'ng of the war it tias been the announced eolicy of the national_ administration to op ose shortsighted attempts to relax the iabor laws of the various states. It has held that lonL hours of labor and e.uployment seven days in the week tend to decrease rather than to increase production. Ni ht shifts, however, althomh in generai found to ,roduce less than the day shifts, nevertheless result in a net increase of output through the continuous use of the available machinery. It is recognizdd that continuous ni.z ,ht work fur women is harmful because if its bad effect on health, morals, famLy life and the welfare of children. Before the war Lt was forbidden by international treaties in the leadini: European countries. In the United States several important industrial states have laws prohibiting nIght work for wowen, and the New York statute nas been upheld as constitutional by the highest court of the state. In European countries, however, the orogress https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ()i the war hils ied to the employment of women -A night, although ex erieace indicates that it should be kept within limits and caref4lly re,kuated. It is of the utmost importance that the standards attained in state legislation should be upheld and that the need for any tan2orary deviation from conditions prescribed by law should De determined only by the national government, and the need met without ,A9rmanent or sweeiAnL, chanos in state labor Laws. On the other hand, women should be protected aL;ainst the dangers of niLht work in states which now legally penn'A it. Tne_e_ore, the necessity for the employment of women between the hours of 10 P.M. and 6 A.M. is demonstrated find if working conditions satisfactory to the federal Eovernment are established, the Secretnry of War or t)e) Secretary of the rlavy, under conditiDns ai),roved by the Woman in Industry bervice of the u. S. Department of Labor, will ask the state agency charged with enforce„,ent of labor laws to grant to a particular plant for a specified ,:eriod a war emergency permit allowing the em2loyment of women at night, These permits wilt be issued uncer the war demaads of the federal 6overruient. Plants in states where ni, ht work has been iegally resorted to in the „ast will come under the Bailie regulations, beginning January 1, 1919. No plant working on a war contract for the federai government will be aLLowed. thereafter to employ woLilen after 13 without a war emergency perhoit. or before 6 A.YA. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -3- Careful investigation wi determine the ueed for' niLht work, and eacn estblishent holding a permit shall be under the continued supervision of a desiwnated fedelal department. The permit wil be issued only for ni6ht shifts of eight hours or less, and rutatiaL shifts wnereby night work for any individual occurs only for one week in three will be encouraged. No such )ermit will be issued unless the awards of the War i,abor Board ,i,nd other standards set by the federal Lovernment and the provisions of the state labor law for safety, health and c mfort shall 11.,ve been fully com,,lied with. Night work of woen can often be avoided by the employment of men over the draft aEe and those not qualified for military service, by the transfer of men froal non-essential industries, by the extension of plants or the introduction cJf an industry into neA are-s, by a careful distribution of contracts - roved management. with due regard to the local labor supp y, or by im ) Permits wil' nut be granted unless it is clear that these methods do not suffice to increase droductioL to the point demanded for the -)rosecution of the war. p- Se te.uber 3, .1118. DF'AFT ST'r". :ENT IN TH: LA-Ji bY w-‘ 2W0 ,F L As tho war goes on ,,hd larger _Inc' reer nulaberL of man hr- withdrawn from industry for military service, national need for continuour ur,Lent lf munitini lf led to sh incresine; numb, r of recusi,ta fur Araiscior, to eJ1,,ioy , umen at night. it The War Labor folicies Board therefore regard &Ater of public importance to mute clear its qtfit,r.ie lad 1.,; formulate a program which adet,uately ap,tt thr nee of 2ro,luction, while maintainin, the neceqs-lxy safeguards for 4amen workers. From the beginn:ne of the war it 4SZ boon the announced policy of the netiona.1 admlnistruti-n tu oppu6c, shortsighted attempts to relax the labor laws of the vari.)us states. It han held that lon hours of labor &ad em,Aoyaent Fever) days in the weak tend to decrease rather thIsi to Licreze production. shifts, however, alLhuugh in general foun. to ,)roduce less than the day shlft:-., neverthole&& reault in a net increo.se of output thlAirli the ccntinuous use the available wachinery. It ia rconimid that continuous aight work for tomes: is harmful because if its bad offset on hoalth, morals, famiiy life and the welfare of children. Before the war it was forbidden by internation6.1 treaties in the countries. European In the United Statea several import at inlustrisl states have laws prohiAtiag ni.Lht 4.Drk fA• wo,sen, *11,1 the Mew York atatuts has been upheld as constitutional- by the hi hest court of tho statte. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis In European countries, however, the rrop,ress 41. of the wur h,,s led to the employment of ,,tcNen erlence in:iicate that it tho•l• t n4hto tiathough be ke;,t -1.1.hin limits 7.xld carefully re,:illated. :n1Iirels It is of the ltmott Im,:!tlInce that the st, Atainef, in state latJulutLn stiou0 be ujiei fcr any temorary deviation fr.,m vhoul . by taw i)rescribcv4 be determined only by the n,,tionl cvernment, need met without ,erm,inent or stwee 16-WO. that the neeJ the .„es in stute labor . ch'n; On the other hand, wrImen rh..11 ,j be ;,rotected •-sinst the dangers of nli,-ht 4:)ric in et4td8 h egally /ermit it. Thole/ore, it the necessity for the etw,Jloysent of women between the hours of 10 P.M. 7.nd 6 A.M. i9 deal:,nEtr,ted a . Ind if working c_nditions satisfactory to the federF..t ; ,‘:.v?rnment kire established, the Secret ry of War or the Secretary of' the Navy, un,ler conditions api.;roved by the Woman in Ie!ustry 6ervide of the J. S. Depart,T,ent of Labor, will tsk the stute '.6ency charged with enforc-. mat of labor laws to grant ta a 01.rticuls..r plant for a specified s *T.11. emergency ,Alrmit IllowlnL the emoloyment of' women at n4ht.. These permit,s *ill be issued un er the war demands of the federal governmont. Planta in states .- 4:ere nt:;-ht work has been ,egally resorted to in the past will c.)me under the same reistions, beginnin8 Jinuary 1, 1912. No ?lunt working on a war c;ntr-ict for the federal coverument will be allowed. without https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Thereafter to em;)loy emergency .,?erit. after 13 P.1. cir before 6 A. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Careful investig,tlan vill deteroine the need fsr nt'ht rk, .i e ch est blishaent hollin erit ;na1 be sul4ervision •3f a deel.;-nAc.1 fede7A1 The ?i.:Ta1t. oil: he isuer.1 anly far ni:.ht shirt 19sd, :11 4, rit4ti:r 1.ft8 *hereby n Att or rtavt. eit ht h ,urs or f:r 111JiviJa1 )..oure oniy for crIci $:A04 in t.)re .iLL ue No such ,7)17,fi1 xill be IssueJ unLec. the ti,*7 S of 4.'le %,r 41.! .)thor standards set by the fe,er-Li it)vernJent .f thb state ie.O.3r ,aw f)r safet), 1;cAth been fuliy cons;liel with. rL1 ti;2 2rovi IL xfort Night work 3f 4cien can by the esploynent of mem over ft() draft ve =a-11 be Iv)ided -)A far nilitary zervire, by thb tr.:nsfer af Hen fr-a * in ustries, by Lhe extension of .1, . ,Lntsor the intr-.)1,ictiJn AP an in stry lfltu c rt. ,,, by ,„ cai%ful distributiA) of c,..:ntret.k: with due regara t1 the local lAbor sup?iy, )r by iaor3ve ?emits will not be granted. unless. It 1.!:. CeeLr th...t these not uffice fc incre.lse :,rojuotion to the 2,3iiit iespinled f r prosecution af the wo.r. r • i%41er ok, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Se tewber 3, 1213. 6UG(;ESTED DEAFT ‘ iSS;JED STATE1ENT illAVAT,WOFK .'JF %JAEN 7:; lif'. 1 101,ICIt;L BA117THE WAR L.A63P ) 'far &oes on As the , lo.d larger l'Arger numbert of men ar: withdrawa, froa intuFtry for militury &ervioe, the ul .ent national need for continuJus (:,rjuction of muniti:inF of wils .rts incresing numbcx of re(.juests fur )ermiscion to eia.,,ioy led to .omen at night. it ,!,s The Wfa. Labor Policies Board therefore regards matter of public importance to m,,4e clear its attitude and to formulate a progrIm which will adecuately meet the, needs of production, while mAntaining the neceRsary safeguard? for eomen workers. From the beginnink of the war it has been the announced policy of the nationzi.1 Aministration tu oppose shortsighted attempte to relax the leCnor laws of the vFri.)ua states. Il1I;Ji'L,ys It han held that lon, hours of labor and emz)loyment in the weak tend to docrerse rather thAn to increase productiln. Niht shifta however, although in general faun. to ,:roduoe A.08C thln the d-y ahifts, nevertheless result in a net incrense of output thlJwh the continuoua use uf the wrailible liachinery. It is that continuous al,ht wort for oomen is harefui because if its effect an health, moral, fami y life and the welfare of children. Before the war it was forbiaden by internationl treaties in the lel'in: European ccuntries. In the Unitc-3 Strafe!, several importz.nt in:ustrial state.; have laws prohibitini aL,ht *3rk *oaten, and the New York statute wls been upheld as constitutional by the h4heRt court of the state. In European countries, however, the t)ro6re.ss https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis t; the employment o-r -crten of the wr h t n4,ht, -„Lthpa:h =))( erience indicates thd.t it shodA be kept within limit- -,nd ca.refullf re, uiated. It is of the itmost iwoortance that the stLndar ttainkv, in state ler-ilation should be upheld and th,it the neeJ fc..T any tAaporary devigtion from n'sniiitions presoribe'l by law chouid be determinoa only by the nation—1 Lcvernent, aml the nee0 .aet ithou. evm4Lnent or sweepin6 ch -_nzes in state Labor On tne other hand, 'omen ehou be protecte4 ainst the thL4erf of niOit work in etateH which now legally 2erm_t it. Therefore, ir the necessity for the employment of omen between the hours of 10 P.M. ticj 6 A.M. Is demonstr,ted %mow if working cc=nditions ?ltisfactory to the fedeni gov?rnment ireec4i,blished, the Secret ry of ilf,tr or t!;e Secretary of the Navy, under conditions approved by the 4oAah in In.:uetry of the J. . Deartipeat of Labor, will tsk the st4te ervi(!e enc with enfornent of labor laws to crnt to a particur plant far a specifiec! ..eriod a war etergency ,Aarait Alowilv the emoloyment Owomen at niht, These permits will oe isHued un er the war demands of the federal governoent. Plsints in states 7ftiers 11 -ht work hat! been fegally resorted to in the past will 0.)me J.Aer the same rebdati.ons, beginnlni„! Januftry 1, 1A). No ?lant ..)rking on a war cantrilct for the feleral government will be allowed. theroufter to employ c..den 4ter 10 P.I. or before 6 A.4, without a war emerieney WM WM :ii110111. July 23, 19184, mom'or mum= WIWOMIONWIR 0? STOW LOW I•PS V; wORY OW 00WIRAC? FOR ?Mt VIVINtAL =111111111011111111111111111WMUS On July IS, Me the War tabor Policies Board aftp. tee the following slimes to be inserted in governmont contrastot °SAPS AND RFSTRICTIOWS RRLATZVW WON All work required in sarry. big out this oontftet shall be performed in full compliance with the laws of the State, girritery or District of ColuMbia Ow* such labor rforformed.* ?he question arises as to the memos of onforoment ot this provision, mopeeialy as tit,* resist Oplaton of ths Aetirg Judge Ativmate Osneral has been isterpreisol 0, eame manufaeterers adt &IMAM the right of %moieties to 'tete Vorarimeste st Leber. At the meeting of the board held on July 19th a eselmittes woe appointed *to dotermtme the interpretation of tho contrails slave' adopted or the board en July 12th in regard to the right or State Departments of Taber to maks ins *options in plants doing government works the sommitteo te report at the nest meting** This oorwittee ashes the to licw tog reports The tworritts, is Weed that it is desirable to uss the State Labor Inspietion tsres is eeourimg oopIrlianse with tbo preons of federal eontraste regarding Saber fulnliticIns, but that it is seemesoy that the sort of inereetien should be 4-040011y supervised by .wont), departmmite et this. federal wormiest ss. that tree-, tip.* ge tir metb4 Ins:Antic-no untior th4, dtreetion of tho should officers thems.kvos depArtr,nte Industrial Sorvimp the Separtekont of Labor or the &Potions of ptaeln, oostrasts. To asesuplish this end the follewilig resolution is ardor to suggssied be adopted by the Tar Labor Peliolue leord. insure ths estovesmest of the provisions of the eentrosto that all wort releinod in 4404714, them cot shAll be porfoemed ie full oonclisse. with the laws of the State, %territory or Dtstrist ef Solisbia where .sosh labor is performed le it remolvedt that the beft7! of *soh (Jervis... plosing contrasts be estsd to deeignats *Ws lisher terartmemto or Industrial Oessiesions so his duly antherieed representativesto entomb this provision of the tontraett„ such designation to bo made for sea stoie eerePate1, ea reesmmeedation of the tar &Aber Polisies !earl based on the ettestivemess et the orgamisalie for entoreswent in *Ash sta.e,', https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ego." The following form is evggeetsds °The (Usretftry of ar or Newsier of Wary) hereby designates the (New York State Industrial Commission) amd (designate by name) meMbers of said Corniest's as hie duly authorised representattre or reyrseentatireee with respect to *entrusts for work to be rsrformed in (ier York State) on his behalf and on behalf of the Various tureens, contrasting officers sod agensies of the Oar or Wary) Department, to intones the ;revisions ef the eontrests with said department, its officers, Ilureans and ammeters requiring all work dens in the (State of New York) to be porformsd in full sourliamse with the laws of (Now 'fork State):' effestive As a reams of seeuringlenforserent of these ;revisions and of establishing means of of-operation between State DeTaximents of Labor and the federal derartments, it is further suggested that the Labor Policia, lewd om.11 a oirsolferense of ropresefintltives of State Departments of Labor at an early date. The Child Labor Division of the Children's Bureau held such a oonferense a year alo, and its Director esse.,-se us that it would he of service to her if a mrletir of this kind eo.Ild be eallod with ma saaaior deeeted to the subleet of enforcing the somtrast Trovision rowdier child labor. The lemon in industry !lorries had ales esmtemplated mash a sorters's* or the sset of wrmente work with the additional subplot of enforeement of State labor Imes. A meeting of this kind would seem to be amp* justified and would have the sdummiage of acquainting offiesrs of State Departments of Labor with the federal agemoies now formulatinl, labor polisioe• https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Neepestfully submitted, leary Van Meek, Chairman Ommnel 34, tosonnoba Wafers 3. A. "I.. R. a., Warm loonard Skier. 1. A. 5., 1. C., laity Ilepartment. WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD -2_ REPORT OF COLVITTE.r:; ON ENFORCENENT OF STATE LABOR urs (To be considered August 16th,1918) The following form of desi:nation is submitted by the Committee: "The (Secretary of Var or Secretary of Navy) hereby designates ..„ or his successor, as his duly authorized representative to cooperate with the federal government with respect to con. --(state), and to tracts for work to be performed in on behalf of the various and behalf to make specified tnspections on his (Uar or Navy) Departthe of bureaus, contractinc officers and agencies said department, with contracts ment, to enforce the provisions of the done in the =irk all requiring its officers, buremis and agencies, with compliance full in (state) to be performed .. (state)." the laws in regard to labor of Form suggested by Mr. Howe "The (Secretary of War or Secretary of Navy) hereby designates the Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative with rebpect to inspection and enforcement of the clauses in this contract as to conditions and hours of labor, on his behalf and on behalf of Om various bureaus, contracting officers and agencies of the (1:/r or Navy) Dapaxt3ent, to enforce said provisions dthe contracts with said depart7:lent, its officers, bureaus and agencies, and as his authorized representative for the enforcement of the provisions of this contract, re(state) to be performed v-It- 41x all work done in ,(state)." in f.:11 compliance with the laws of https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis VAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD DRAFT OF TEGMAII TO GO TO STATE GOVERNORS RE ENFORCEMENT OF STATE LAWS (For consideration at meeting of August 16th, 1918) To : The Governor of (name of .state) I. The War Labor Policies Board, appointed to unify the labor policies of the Federal Government, has prepared various contract clauses which affect industrial relations. All future contracts given out by goverment departments will include these clauses. They make certain requirements such as the restriction of child labor and of convict. labor and the observance of all State factory laws, It is planned to designate the proper officials in each state to II. consult with and assist the federal authorities who are responsible for enforcing these regalations and who will, to some extent, naintain inspection services of their uan. III. For this purpose, the 'Tar Labor Policies Board requests your cooperation in carrying out this policy. It intends to designate ) or his successor (their (and successors) for this work and hopes that you will direct him (them) to assist the federal authorities, It will be of great advantage for 1.epresentative from his (their) department (or board) to attend a •conference of federal and state officials, to be held in Washington Sentezber 16th and 17th, Will you kindly wire what action you have taken, collect? https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Felix Frankfurter, Chairman, War Labor Policies Board. WAR LABOR POLTC17S BOARD August 14, 1918. REPORT OF THE COTIIIIITTIE ON ENTORCTITNT OF STATE LABOR LAPS. To the Var Labor Policiec Board: (To be considered August 16th,1918) The Committee recommends that all State bodies duly authorized by their states to enter factories for the purpose of enforcing state factory laws, be designated to consult with and assist the Federal Government in enforcing contract clauses. one body is so authorized. In same States more than If a for-cal designation is s-iven to each one, it will avoid local friction and will leave the federal authorities free to use any that prove to 2,:ive valuable assistance. On the. other hand, sudh a designation will not bind the government to work through these bolies. The fact that part of the inspection will be carried on directly by federal officials will be nade clear to them. It is recom:_ended that this designation be rale by the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the &ecutive Chairman of the Snipping Board and the President of the United States Housing Corporation. Pi:panded is a form letter to be sent to the Governors, a capy =,oing at the same tiuz to each official to be designate,I. The Com;:Attes reca=_ends that these letters be sent inmediately. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ,;.• investition 41.11 determine the need far ritht a ch est elishment holiin under the continueil supervision be shal & a designated fedelal rtment. The oarmit will be iEued only fr aiht s.hiftF of eidit hours or i.hereby n ,ht haric for any rtA rot,itin lese, , 3CCU' 3)14 f3r one wef, in three „A9rMit will be issued anle:: be olcur.,. No . of f.he ' L.w&T the , )roNrin ,Akiovi other stvadards set by the feiieri :,overnmenT )21 the stAte ls.or law for safety, herath been fuLly caa;lild with. Et1C!': h -v: o xf3rt Night work af woen olal often be by the employment of mien ,rrer the drnft snd those not S• for military F,ervice, by the transfer af : in!ustrie9, by the eitendien of ).h.nts or the introluotion of an irCuatry into new art by with due regar_i tc, the looal careful distrieuti)n of cntrt.cts euppiy, 17" bY im2rove; ?smite will n'A be i;rnated unless it ir! clear th_t ttlf not suffice to increee ?reduction t: the potit ?rosecution of the w,lr. f_r tne -3.charged with responsibility for determining the conditi ons under Which a given plant will be permited to employ women at night and All cause an investigation to be male in advance of the granting of the permit. At the tile "nen the permit is granted the Woman in Industry Service will designa te an appropriate official agency to supervise the night shift for women during the period of the permit ani ill receive regular reports regarding the conditions of employment in each plant holding a permit. Conferences have been held with the War Department and with the Navy regarding the organization of staffs of 4oueetlinspect urs in connection with those le-hart:Tont* to carz.y on the necev3ary aliiini strative procedure for the granting of permits. A women's Branch is already organized in the Ordnance Department ani is fairly well equipped to handle the work in plantsworking on contracts for that department, although the staff must be enlarged. ArrAngements can protaAy ba male for inspections through the existing forces in the Quartermazter's Departnent, and plans are under my for other divisions of the War Department,- The Navy prefers to have the administrative work ione in the Dv3part-lant ofLabor and will kil,ika this possible through co-operation sith the Woman in Industry Service. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Ph' -3_ charged with responsibility for determining the conditions under Which a given plant will be permitted to employ women at night and will cause an investigation to be made in advance of the grantirg of the permit. At the time when the permit is granted the Woman in Industry Service will designate an appropriate official agency to supervise the night shift for women during the period of the permit and will receive regular reports regarding the conditions of employment in each plant holding a penult. Conferences have been held sith the War Department and with the Navy regarding the organization of staffs of wowen inspectors in connection with those departments to carry on the necessary administrative procedure for the granting of permits. A aoman t s Branch is already organized in the Ordnance Department and is fairly well equipped to handle the work in plantssorking on contracts for that department, although the staff must be enlarged. Arrangements can probably be wade for inspections through the existing forces in the Quartermaster's Department, and plans are under way for other divisions of the War Department. The Navy prefers to have the administrative work lone in the Departwent ofLabor and will make this possible through co-operation with the Woman in Industry Service. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Pw• ' , 3 4.„ • •;"1 , ,ri 1• ., :ti ' ?,rAssr,i.;.t on "ge eix. It Jelieved thl.t thir f!.,7. women in "ell will reli4:0vc; th‘l 1 A1 z;f rt,JuLltint, nik,ht while mef'tine the nee.:; 11.73 AE•Anet incentiven to ro..e, ..1 --,f Noreqic thtt th-Ar vsorKer.1 i4aintiA1M nectr.---ry intrnrikk';ion inte nit ht imme11-..te 11%11 be 14mitel tc the ...,f3rio;:i c)fr ,A1 it will render it certi:-.1 th,$.4to tyQ the time when, throuell •thic recruitin6 withir%vin from other fiells Jo Lion through civ rice :r labior t*rn&ver whlch will atmnfitrdenftal tho: creatioi vI711 relirfttion by or, ove from the v :11. 9.pertici_i.nt. in inustry th-'t the 1a the blool of our Aen .st,, the fr:Ilt, ,7.roductiln will ba .xeelerlte' to the point where"th7. fu:-Lhcv7 mly becomg? unneceestry. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis b..Atr ,:roduetion xibuti)n .f 1!0or 4it4in fur 4hcr. throueh thi!, iecroAr:e wt. the 1r,ym.*nt .)f nidit • • ' th. • !,1 '.••• A . , _ y .LE.,r • • .1 rzif, ct ,;:n It iF believed th.1.t this '40men in q.11 will rexove th rtjulatin*. njOIL while meetine the nes if .rouctdion ineF.,ntiver, to roel 7;f will .1.1r,t1n noce,ry ni6ht ftiQu9r(-- fr,r roam wir.,r<er intr14;ixl into niiht re:7)ric thtt tIvir , h,t11 be limiter' tk..) the :er.b1 9wirtt,ncy. loreewe:*, it will rerwor it cart,.1:1 th,st those 2er1:A:- of etuel:cncy 0, restrict, 11 ta tht, time whn, through thy, reoruitini ,:s1J 1, 6)or wittvir.iwn frox :Aber fjeIt f libor within the.. further, throueh the '..lecre,7 1o:tiDfl ;fstinii.rim4n1 th through tip- m::re t the bett,..J. c.f 7f •r(WIxtion will be Jf labor tw.nthcb ers.ition of im Nye . res;.lizatixl by .1.1 i1l rer,ult fral ttv rdiv Alt- in inlustry tb-,t th s rice 7,f 'Jell/ , is the blool of our men A. the fr,)nt, .- rouctian will bd xeolerato:: to the ?aint where xay become unneceostry. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis further em loynt -L nicht k -n country .o the 1 eff,E.ct. on „r&,ge Eix. It iF; believed tha.t. this Lai of rt.gulatir* night fr zolen in Ill 3t3.te::, while meeting the need of immedLte ,roAictim will removc, the incentives to repeal of will maintain necery F,tfegusr,— f:)r iw8 t nibht wort !And -omen inFur intrlituc:Jon into nitht pork Arill be limited to the ?erio thtt th-ir f emerncy. tore. , ,ver, it will render it certbin th-A those 2er1,, - of ,11-,7I .t,ncy will oe restricts'', to the time when, throu11 th rtcruitinc, m-Sili, .ti,Jn of rA.1,1 1.1hor withlr'swn from other fiells Dr the bettlr utili:Ition of qetribution _f Is.bor within the will be e \L1 fur'ber, throueh the decree of labor ttino,.(,r Allch rill rut from the Ao - tion of ett_niarlEnmn1 thc c:eltion through the more vivil reLli7ation by r. It rine- csInJitions, EnJ .3.rticint_ in in!astry thAt the . rict of delli la the blooA of our men at the, frmt, .r,*ac tion will b., .ccelerate7: to the ooint where th''. further ea, loynt of wouten mtly become unnecessary. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis t nidit 9b- 2aternative suggestions for the first and second sentences on page 2. In the adoetion of this policy it has been moved by its recognition of the fact that long hours of work and employment seven J...ys in the week tend to decrease rather than to increase production, by the demonstration that the non—regulated night work of women is harmful because of the deteriorating effects on health, morals, family life and the welfare of children, emphasized as this demonstration is by the international treatied in European countries which forbade the practise, and by the legislation adopted in several importdit industrial states in this country o the same effect. Paragraph on page Fix. It is believed that this plan of regulating night work for women in all states, while meeting the need of immediate roduction will remote the incentives to repeal of etete laws against night work and will maintain necessary safeguard- for women workers and insure thilt their introduction into night work shall be limited to the period of emergency. Moreever, it will render it certain that those )eriode of emergency will be restricted to the time ;then, through the recruiting and mobilization of male labor withdrawn from other fields or the better utilization of distribution of labor within the field, jroduction will be adequate. Arid further, through the decrease of labor turnover which will result from t he aloption of standardsnand the creation of improve'' working conditions, E nd through idhe more vivid realization by all participants in industry th t price of delay is the blood of our men at the front, production will be acceleratee to the point where the further emeloyment of women at nigh. t may become unnecessary. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis the 111 I Lh.1, TENTA11VE *:•‘E. AkD As the 11.1,r goes on ?Ind larger ..r1,1 iirger nuraber7 Icemen are rithdr..:iwn fr..):a industry fur mi itaxy service re peraish3ion em,)Loy t ni.Eht are growing iirore fro::uont. .11.1 Lis.bor ?olicios reio.r it :1;ntter 1:a;.;ortir.ce to m-Lke cie.:Lr the :-ittitude of the fe:.ierai ,..)vern;-aent. u It i the .i1C t)y b)th the Pre9iient th.:‘,.t.. the f th i the .;rotectiiv ninitr.tion tb 1 s VICei fre...uently .!er, in Iniust,ry 6h I be n:; backw,+ri step Lyfi ir.. L.; 1-p3.irA .in t. to he ii4juriuu:.-3 affects u..)•)n hev,lth its s5(- 1. n) been rEif4.)rt1 t.. 1r :yhievJ. its offect.... Sevcinti 4 )rohibitin&-. n4,ht . :in OXtt:311iiiVe It h7..!;c3 bem the ex.,.:•erience t ifeix Nirht wlrk fThr women hi.s been hel .nt. subject. united 6t=_„te,3ni the :3t3cr.-) - t ry if •:.ryl. Ind it h fur c-..)ntra.cts. tihlt :ith i.n irxre%sing number *...).%en in :n,lAstry it. is t)xcee3in,,,. iifficui work fir women, but it sho:i.j be pentitte'd only -A'nen the feler-:,.i ,z ..vernment, finds thh,t it is necessary f the *tr. 'here it, is ?roved to be necei.ry, the Seer-3t%.ry of or the Secret...ry f i,abor ff111j.. r,.i.nt ts.v i),:,riod wh,r trnergency dermit ti),r,en tIfl?os::ib.:a the em,)ioyment This penait will to issutA only 1rve3tiF .ti n, An,ri Ifter the consent L) the eA .. tutiL4h1aent •f https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis essetiti'll productiLn fur cart3ful f the 61ayer ha2 beer obt-Aried Litecuaric, under the eJntinuad :f (le fe .e,-,trtwent. Ttie Ati.r Eaeret: ley peria:t it t.. be eali) :nen 3t.tE J.:rtiierit i.b r an,-1 to it tivAt n„) ex:Laytions :.re t.,ny exceA, ,v..,fter the The i)erm“: vai.. be issuel h4. h ue . t the re.air-i-,ment!R v n1 -f fr ni.,J1t shifts ei.,hteen ye rs ,f niht, ',III in6ene..r:ii th TK the. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis diInt en J., ntt, even in atA),z1ittirL nbt -Jrk f'.-.r co—oper,te by sic f ut-..int:d 3 i1 st_n1;.r.1-5 out— is 1.rd ‘nci the Ar st .a.bor 1.1t48 W i 1 r €ruit fUr n141t work. be rizidly enfc)rce ,-.I in August 31, 1918. L. R. Paler, Comioner Derart:nent of Labor, Harrisburg, Pa.. My dear Mr. Palmer: have received a copy of your letter of August 16th to Mr. William M. Horgest, Deputy Attorney General, regarling the request .Ltde by Miss Mary A. Brosnahan of the United States Efrrloient Service on behlaf of the trurlow Steel Works, for permission to ca9loy aiatgALAnd I note that you 1.,i.ve suggestei that Miss Brosnahan refer this matter to the Woutan in Irg_ustr.y- Service. e are filing these papers for future roferance in ..;:.a..se either the Coui.,::any or the EaTloynent Service sends us a direct comuunication. Until that ti.Le r-sit_.ume that no action is necessary. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Vary truly yours, Mary Van Kleeck, Dirr3c tor, Wo,lian :In al,i.stry Service. August 31, 1918. 1$3X • Ne,le: The DapartiLent of Labor and Industry of Pennsylvania hL ;ien t we the atLtiched copy of a letter from Miss Brosnahan, Examilner in ChLtrge, doman's Division, United States Employment Service in Chester, P. It raises a question at once as to whether the exainers in charge of the local emplovent service, should, on behalf of ths plait, make application to the Attorney General or to stte 9:uthorities, lor permission for night Nork for woAlen. The Actirg Comnissioner of Labor olgsoennsylvania nag .xitten to the Deputy Attorney General, su65esting thathill ask Miss Brosnahan to refer the 'atter to me. Until an oiLLcial communicution cowei= to me from the -pli,nt or frol Mist, 1Jrosn-,n, I am not acting twon it, but I brirg it to your attention ih co.se you may wish to take the matter up directly 4th Miss Brosnhan. Sinceiely yours, Aar: Van Kleeck, Director, Woman in Inoustry Service. Margaretta Neale, Director Woman's Division, 1144L5 Employment Service, Washirgton, D.C. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 COPY FOR MISS VAN KLEECK August sixteenth, Niveteen hundred and eighteen. SUBJECT: Request for Employment of Females after 10:00 P.M. Thurlow Steel Works, Chester. Mr. William M. Hargest, Deputy Attorney General, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. My dear Mr. Hargest: Acknowledging your 3etter of August sixteenth with attached communication3from Mr. Collins and Miss Mary A. Brosnahan, would advise that Mr. Collins is correct in his statement that this Department has no authority to grant such permit as requested by Miss Brosnahan. I would suggest that you ask Miss Brosnahan to refer the matter to Miss Mary Van Kleeck, Director of Women in Industry of the Federal Department of Labor, Ouray Building, 8th and G Streets, Washington, D. C., who is the proper party to investigate this matter. Yours very sincerely, Acting Commissioner. p/P/J https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 11 • COPY FOR MISS VAN KLEECK DEPARTMENT OF LABOR U. S. EMPLOYMENT SERVICE 616-618 Sproul St., 'Chester, Pa. August 8, 1918. Attorney General, Harrisburg, Pa. The Thurlcw Steel Works,of Chester, Pa., a firm engaged in the manufacture of steel shells for the United States Government, intends to take cn women labor in their plant providing they can obtain a permit for women to work at night as it is absolutely necessary for them to have a night shift. What procedure is necessary to obtain such a permit? Your immediate assistance is requested as the work of this plant will be held up until such information is forthcoming. Thank you for a prompt reply. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org E Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis (Signed) Mary A.BroEnahan, Examiner in Charge, Women's Div. U. S. EmploTment Service, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis August 30, 1918. Mies Pauline Goldmard, The National Consumers' League, 289 Fourth Avenue, New York, N.Y. My dear Miss Gollmark: Thank you for your letter of August 27th. As you may have surTdsed, thd tentative draft ,:hich was mallel to you in New York, was sent out before I had received your suggestions for changes. All f your suggestions are noted. Meant,hile we are havirg conferences with representatives of the men's and wo:fAnts unions, called together infomally in the office of the A.F. of L. It is not likely that intnediate action will be taken but it is of course important that all of the groups interested should be thinking together, in order that ae may deal ,isely Alth the situation when the emergency arises. Thank you so much for all that you are doing to help. Sincerely yours, Mary Van Maack, Director, Woman in Industry Service. NATIONAL CONSUMERS' LEAGUE AN/NJU I\1 E\A,/ 'YOFtK CITY Telephone, 5923 Gramercy „ident, Hon. NEWTON D. BAKER, Washington, D. C. eeasurer, G. HERMANN KINNICUTT, New York City General Secretary, Mrs. FLORENCE KELLEY Publication Secretary, Miss Josephine Goldmark Research Secretary. Miss Pauline Goldmark Miss Mary Van KleeclOuray Building 7ashington, C. Dear i.:12S Van rleeck:Thank you for .our letter enclosing the revised statement of niRhtwor • be glad to give it further consideration an6 er you. my suggestions. May I suggest now tht, 11-. paragraph "cases of extraordinary urgency" should be changed to "ander circumstances of extraordinary argency" as a somewhat stron?Vstatement? https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis '4Ancerely yours, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis s'luE u,it 28, 1L18. AN L. Fr n fu rt. r, 313.i raktn, 2.:). 016: Li itiee&t, :sari in I1Jtr I h..tve tstken necee.s with Dr. re Serv Dpkinq anl Mi . ,tthe f. r 141.-ninistr5.tien f.)r r. . f the f:.nd tr.:1.t. the:: >.I•.3 b,: th tf.) -iece,A such '•7•.,;pesti.:;-.3 thinks 4 1).,....t the.;re re )5joc4 i n Aay Ir. Hawe U the est:..o ..1:, .;hment _f br .nch ir, cnnenti h th HE „ye Lt. contr.lizel „osuity3th neoef:3:-.1ry exr,:en,.;,3. rntev.. :pen f-.1r by the NaNy •ind - the ;:)rk in pi.Lnte. *rk.in h( t3k. ti xen fr.)T. the Seen;t.ry His in'Jr til3n •.-fficc i tvy cantr:.cir-=. 1.3 '; re Ay U zirai: te, the ro,ueut t the Secret,-.ry :r Nviy. '4? -4.- https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis "." -.0.mu -est, '00 iifficu ties D. y.0 ,d)r)vo the - ' that it ve 1VJ diviAons )f the, De ,rtr3nt ;f t. i)n to proceed at nAl1nati3n8? 3urse wiqh yJu thin< h..,ve I your i.ith1ri. ti e -ece:;siry kasuaing t tne f -in le sy,)rovaci, I'Jul: t so ect a Ditect,I f,r the ,Jrk. 'hHn chpose her Agn stlff. 1 am sure that thela is -reit 1e-L1 t'D De line on the inAu3tri2l probisms Iff5ct :g ) I. iivvery prI41.i.,in&_ LnJ ihe e. seeaR to ale ti bo an su :estd ne. VAn Aleeck, 7)irr/ct.)r, . in 1n11.7tr} efl https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis :14,P;t 29, 1918. )r. thti Stiorf,,t r'r. A.: 3ervh:e. r 4j • r t.- r ! - 111'.•di.1 th, Wty ....At the ht irk fr n en. f3r y..)ou k the t') tecured by The rti cu.! der:a t ..; ny pint w.:rking on contr• :)r in .der..ittin nicht •ti...)rk i.:ief.-re the3 lc o.3senti t.:.) be f.)r the feierri.1 stq.te prchibitin _....vernment hv r. annDunced, it ryt y t. n ke the i ri - cesLr) TriC rtc. t t ry f th3 N.vy El the ?;.:11,.n .f 3ervie9 ..f De_ ,rt..,ent Le p/osi.....) f .r us the investiti....ri De ...trtakent. The Duik f ith t..). Dy ur Linit.e1 fun.la it A.,3 t.rc NhiLe ir ttedurch-44.ing f thk-; , Y ...rk in the .1.Lr DSrt Lent WILl Ot. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis c:alt in the jrdn.nce Dexa.rtment, the i3ureu .:11 the (,uarterster's Dej;.rtiaarit. f)r 1. t lircr-:ft PrJducti.in Lhuh )r,ivi8i)n hud f-,r the Chelicti T ArVre Service. ,PAANCE DO -.iT41:NT. It ,),1..1 aec“ t;) to (411 neeeq:s,ry .&:) 'ascertain fra the IndustriA. 3ervie Sectt)ii Ai the )rdn4nce Departiant .)f prere :Dm L.:-)ln Neil d LMflctcut, ' , • ; 3,y ft m st,tt-„, ..Lan,At niht,f:p6Gi-,ii) in L . b the .thor tork Jf L CXrt!iir, in the bt cr1h21_,1 very h -L1/6_, ff c)urFe the inauEt4ial S,)rvice Sect!' 1 if ALI-6e .4. Et.i.ff h:tve this point 2. L.',UHAU it, the 21,14s f)r AircrItt inAuJtri4.1 L.'Ivisj under th3 tie ,Jo0 stqndl.r(is. neces.ry f the Burti.0 1:) nit cAltempite the witiblishrlenl .f wrilen 1 6 br ..nch, out. this in rolem JP the sficiion c ,nditiJns 1 this secti)f t)e 2rep,red t, h.n,Le tht4 nsf ,).1.ntc ..,Luf.ctlr:%, aircraft? 3. (UAFTEE4A3Tals the b,)Irl ,f .f 3I tbr Ls levelopin, ,n ins?ectiJn ftrce. t) SJ3G sition, hJNever, t_ detaradne h:dw be nceceiry. OTI n t iefl 1 s—r.nch, thtpt ,r'nch -f the Drdn_a_ce fift:y w,rker. re ua _Ls r_kt„ •La ilimy ju.1- 7.v.3nt it is ,hipitih. fliftht.=)1-1. oLsk,iiti%1 if ,,rmpt 1 e t )eci it osiiP-;.e f.r tbem unrtvld it f,r ..try cJthint, L3 this sufficiently ',Ixtensive hIndle nce the pr)tdems wa h sact.:.esteT: in imy ctie it w u d saHJ t_ ue .:Ipnted ccnnact1::::1 ,,ith the Cuartera,.3 ter's De,dIrt,a-nt, whose wh_e ti sv:sd be t.iven ,)/.).):.0:1s 4 hht.4 €,01:1 t r-rvzi..:8 the f c*.-ieic ur sufficik-;rit. t•A.ve very the ext,.:1 1- f)r OIL; hich F.ti Ls n t ‘.t.t then: i.•*,_ :-.O en, uti,Line Me t. t r),F. teri us r.c __th pr.-,o_eis in rt1uEtri3,r ziee.zs: f,„- r 7.cera:r,__ this z)ervice inf the L )') if th-_t C ..enar• S- rVic=. 4 )rit thd i.11.7)pe3ti a f,rce alre be ra3 , 3jt v'ry rt. .uire i..ns -eel f tr,a Lni2ect;,r4. n)rce giht c• oe appAnted f)r tt hit 11,4i ileport,4nt tit6' ',le .)1•-tn f ji -3trictine tr..; interch:Ave „f botwe,Jn ti:A!se v.trj.us djvjsji r. uhLy _101-,.n.linc-, 1 ic:•ti 7.1 ;f Lhis u ur rke1 out. ojs ...f ex.ct ficts i r t•-le vrj. LI) ‘f ‘:th shd ue arvices. to the ..i... it oe fr.)..: the in:iustrilLi Peiatiuns f 6tit,i3t1cs determinInk.; 1.)u ra.-4,y DO interf.:tei in .-m.Dwini; that the N..Avy decided n•J t 4. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis f'rthet iat 3nr3.tet.-)„nenot,j rich. oat ..)n I:. Indastry Servico .ff f ,ian ,.A.rt afh - •i.: t) the ;A .)-r.in in in -iustry Service to h•nl_e if they then !)t. rk sf,r ,v) 114 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis August 24, 1918. Doctor J. B. AnireNs, 131 East 23rd Street, Nev York, N.Y. V dear Doctor Andrews: The enclosed revised statement was read informally at the meeting of the Tar Labor Policies Board yesterday, and I Vle instructed to proceed with the plan, having the approval in general of the Board. NO final vote will be taken and no statement issued until next Friday at the earliest. Meanwhile, I should appreciate greatly any criticisms or suggestions from you regarding the proposed draft, especially if they ten: to shorten the statement. We are most a preciative of your help in comirg to Washington and going over this imrortart matter 4ith us and we shali count upon your continned advice, as our .ol•Lns develop. Re realize more and more that As have a tremenlous administrative task ahead and NO shall certainly need the hel the Ass-;ociation. Sincerely yours, of https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis August 24, 1913. Miss Mary E. Dreier, 37 Madison Avenue, Nem York, N.Y. My dear JWT$JTJT eier: On Monday Dr. Andrefis and Miss Goldmatir helped to prepare a tentative statement to be read to the aar Labor Policies Board, The enclosed draft was wubmitted to WMA yesterday and the general plan of procedure approved, although no final voteon the plan or the statement to be issued, will be taken until next Friday or possibly later. Will you nut let me have any criticisms or suggestions of the enclosed statement before that date. Thank you heartily for comirg to Washington for the conference. We shall fiish to maiaain close connections .ith you in the developulent of this important plan. Sincerely yours, Enc. Mary Van Kleeok, Director, Woman in Industry Service. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis August 24, 1918. 'Ass Pauline Golimark, National Comm-I-ler I Logue, 105 E. 22nd Street, New York, N.Y. My dear Miss Golimark: I enclose a.copy of the revised statechent proposed to be issued by the War Labor Policies Board. This as read to the Board yesterday and I ..vas instructed to proceed along the lines ireicated. The statoTent, hoADver, will not be made public anA no final vote will be taken u7on it until administrative procedure and various other details nave been worked out. MeanAhile will you not send ,ims any cod...:zents on the enclosed draft. It should probably be condensed. Thank you very :cAloCh indeed for all the help that you hL4ve given in this iwportant :natter. We shall hope to keep constantly In touch Ath you regarding it. Sincerely yours, Enc. Mary Van Kleeck, Director, Woltian in Inluetry Service. MUTATIVE DRAFT OF STATEMENT ON NIGHT WORK OF WOMEN TO BE ISSUED BY THE WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD (As read to the War Labor Policies Board at its meeting, August 23,1918) As the war pee on and aror and larger numbers of men are • (,;,r withdrawn from industry for military service,4requests for permission to i\ employ women at nightare-growing-more frequent. The War Labor Policies Board therefore regards it as a matter of public importance to make clear its attitude. From the entrance of our country into the world war it has been the announced policy of the national administration to oppose shortsighted attempts to relax legal measures by the various states to safeguard the health and efficiency of the workers. Upon careful consideration of more than a year's experience we reaffirm the wisdom of this policy. It is recognized that continuous night work for women has been found to be harmful in the industrial experience of all countries, because of its bad effect on health, morals, family life, welfare of children and industrial efficiency. Before the war it was forbidden by international treaties in the leading European countries. In the United States several important \_ night for women industrial states' k laws sgecifying periods1-4 ocl Ast6; employed in factories and the New York statute le-vphold as constitutional by the highest court of the state. It is of the utmost importance that the standards attained in these states should be maintaired and that women should be safe guarded against the dangers of night work in states now legally permitting it. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis because of the extraordinary conditions caused by the warAin- set, carrying out war contracts for the federal government, the need for apy temporary deviation from conditions prescribed by law or administrative order is demonstrated, it should be determined only by the national government, and the need met without permanent or sweeping changes in state labor laws. In case an emergency caused by the necessity of essential production should be Shown to arise indispensably requiring the employment of women at night after 10:00 p.m. or before 6:00 a.m., the War Labor Policies Board has formulated procedure for temporary war permits alloing such work, thereby taking precedence Over regulations under the war powers of the federal government. Where the necessity for tt: or women is proved and where working conditions satisfactory to the federal govermront are established, the , , Secretary of War or the Secretary o4-1114-lisury ,ponrecomaendativrivf the ' Woman in Industry Service of the Devarthent of Labor, will x grant to a particular plant for a specified period, a war emergency permit, allowing the employ\, ment of women at nIt.ht reful investigation will determine the need for such work and each establishment holding a permit shall be under the continued supervision of a designated federal department. The permit will be issued only for night shifts of eight hours or less, and rotating Shifts whereby night work for any individual occursL!"only\one week in three will be encouraged At " r . No such r permit will be issued unless the awards of the War Labor Board and the provisions of the state labor law for safety, health, and comfort, shall have been fully complied with. Night work of waawn cn often be avoided by the employment of men above draft age, and those not classified for military(service, by the ex- . 14 tenlion of plants or the introduction of an industry into new areas. , or by 41.4;k\kN1 't -thoroughly competenr management. Permits will not be granted unless it is clear that these methods do not suffice to increase production. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis "%IP -3- In view of the country's need of pryerving the industrial efficiency of i allowed on earning women, the n cases of extraordina employment at night will be urgency. . lants in states where night * / 1 4). work has been legally resorted to in the past will come under r. gulations mita--those in states where -federal permits ir_ specified cases will in future take precedence over the state regulations. No plant working on a war contract for the federal governnient will be allov.ed hereafter to employ women after 10:00 p.m. or before 6:00 a.m. without a war permit. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis mum'purr OF V,. JEPONAMONI 'Wu. OF maw TO BL illwa ST IVO WAR LABOR POLICIIS BOARD (As read to the Ws Labor Policies Bo-rd at its meetiag, direst 23,1910 .• oar am •••OW ....VII As as mar goes em am4 larger and larger umbers of mon ars withtrais tree indestry for military ~vies, requests for poruission to oapley *emit at night aro groAtmg; um* frequent. The War Labor Policios Botkri therefore regards it as a matter of rublic importanoo to make slow its attitudo. Prom the entrees* of our country Into the world war it bee boon Os ammommood oolier of the natimal i Inistration to oppose short- sighted 44ton-to to relax legal mosouros w the various *tato* to satoguard the health and effioloner of the sushors. Wpm osrotil oosoldoraticia of Nero than a pearls overleap, mo reaffirm the 464.2, at this polio,. It is recognised that esattnmous night *ors for women has been found be be her4fu1 in Ohs industrial espartos., of all oomasrloso hooimoo of its tad offoct es herAth, aerals, life, welfare ef children sad toa. lastrial efficiansr. Before the war it ems forbidden tor internatianal treaties In the loading Iterates. aapairion. In the Buitod States several lairortaN4 lodostrial states oaq,cted laws spoolfying ported' of rest at night ter 0,a en empimped to footerios am* the MA Task state,* sms upheld as sometitutismal lir ow memo est of lhs state. It is of the utmost Importunes that the standards attained to theta states should be mointalsod nal that *soon Should be eats peried aseinot the &angora of night vork in st4lea now legally per.. witting it. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis It, Moses* of ths ostraordinary oemdittemo sAuspd by the Air ir -2. carrying out lakr oentracts for WI* fu1er.1 goverwent, the need for air Wporary deviation fre000ndition4 prescribed by la- or administrative order Is Joilsastrated, It ahead be dotsrAined ly by the national govorment, mod the need *at 41 %boat iposiummont or s*mopies dbasips la *tats Libor ukom. Ia gads as saergesair seams& by Mrs aossowitly of ososatiol prodaotlas should to shoos to arise tratto~aly semairtmit or boforo 4100 ream., Was tar Labor ampleorassit welaa at Meat oftor 10100 ronaigt. Boort los formal/WA procedure for temporary *oar pecans *flown* nob work, Moro* *atlas pr000doaso over rogelatimas louder the ear poser* of She fodeval gemeramast. Uwe ths messosity for night ~Ix for moos Is provost oad where working esodltloas satisfeetory to the federal g000rmast aro sotablishod, the Secretary of the or the Seoretar,d of U* y, upon rocostioadatios of the Vaasa litiniustry Service of tho leparbsaat of Labor, sill srarst to a portion', lar ploht for a ermined, period, & Isar anemone,'oral!, ellowlag this asplar. moat of woosa at might. Carsfal investigation will detesuise the seed for sea sort mat sash ostablishuent holding a permit shall be widow the oeutinnea onporvision of & designatod forloral departmonst. The lormit will be Issued only for night shifts of eight hours or loss, and roUting shifts where* night work for any inilvidual occurs in only ens seek in throe will be isassoraged. So each permit will be issued missal ths awards of Vhs ihr Labor board ami the provisions of the state labor law for safety, health, omd masfort, shall boom beea fully owplied with. Night work of owes can *naafis avoided by the ooployoset of lam :bole draft OOP, sal these eat classified for military service; by the ottoasloa of plants er the Introduction of as Industry into new areas; or by thoroughly asmnstomt owaagoesat. Permits will ass he graatod 'solos. it Is clear that these methods do mot suffice to Imoreaos production. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -3.. In view et the sematry's need of preserving the industrial *Melo,.? of its wage eorning memen, their esploynent at night will be *flowed enly in ease* et extraordinary urgency. Plants in sthtes Abers night work has beenlemally resortai to in ti* paat will coo under uniform regulations with these Ma states .There federal osrults in specified saves will La future tehe preeedemse ever the state regulations,. ft plant working as a our ooatraot for the federal gevorament will be allowed hereafter to employ wewenattor 10:00 p.m. or before is00 eon* withent a war plexult• https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 ATIVI DRAFT or STATIPMKNT ON NIGRT VOW OF 10011 TO BE ISSUED BT TOR WAR LABOR mauls BOARD the Wur Labor Policies Bo4sid at its meeting, August 23,19110 (AA read t As the War goes on and 1rand larger smeshers of men we ..rithdrawari :ram Industry for military service, requests tor permission to ,_.1•7 wow* at night are gro .ing more frequent. The liar Labor Policies rd therefor, regards it as a %atter of public importance to make clear its attitaft. Fres the entrance of est sountry into the world wur it has boss the asmaemss4 -qolicy of the national adv.inistration to oppose shortsighted attew to to relax Legal falasures ar the various states to safe- guard the health end *Moloney of the workers. Upon careful amelioration of neee then a year's experience ws reaffirm the Acdoei of this policy. It is recr)gnised that continuous night work for wougan bas been follnd to be hArlIful in the iattastrial experience of all countries, tow.,1140 of its bad effect an bseath, .norals, family life, Aelfare of children isiind in riustrial efficiency. Before the ,,ar it was forbidArn by international treaties in the leading RareVoloalli Selostries- In the United States several tsportaat inaustrial states enaebeil laAs specifying periods of rest at night for owti en employed in factories aid the Me Turk- stutute ass uphold as sonsti tutional by the highest court of the stale. It is of the utmost i..vortaase that the stanlards attained in these otates should be isaintalmod an0 that semen Wield be fp.fe warded against the dangers of night vork in st,3tes see legally per. , 'kitting it, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis If, Weans. of the extraordinary conlitions sassy& IR, the 'air in Oar. cariling out *ar contracts for the federal government, the need for air tomperary deviation fromemedltloao prescribed by la* or administrative order dememetraled, it should be determined only by the nationo.1 goverment, and the Med eat uteleat permanent or sleeping Waves instate labor laws. In 0,4110 ask amersrapy maw& by the seeessity of essential production should be shown to arise indispensably Moir*" the employs:eat of women at night after 10:00 p.4. 5'fore 6:00 a.m., the War Labor oolicies Board has feramlated procedure for porary 4ftir perits allowing such Aork, thereby taking pm:modems, ever regulations under the .0ar pogo's of the federal government. Where the smosesity for night seek for weome is proved and where working emeditleme satisfactory to the federal seeeronsat are established, the Secretary of lar or the Seeretary of the Nary, upon recoameadatios of the Woman in Industry Service of the 11.portmoot of Leber, 4111 grant to a pzrticular plant for a specified period, a tar esergesterporwit, alloateg the employment of asowen at night. Carefal investigation will determine the Med for 'Doh work and each establishment holding a permit shall be under the continued supervision of a designated foieral iepartoment. a ermit will be Issued only for night shifts of eight hours or lees, sad rotating shifts whereby night work for our Individual occurs in only owe monk in three will be omsourage d. Mb such permit will he issued noises the someds of the be Saber Beard aad the provisions of the state labor la* for safety, be-lth, and seafert, shall have been fully com,17.11ed with. Night' ,fork of *aeon can often be avoided by the eepleyseat of wea above draft a, nal those not classified for Ililitary service; by the extension of pinto or the Introduction of an industry into ne* areas; or by thereesk4 eempetaiiimmageeeat. Permits will met be grbnted unless it is clear tit these methede de sot soffioe to increase productio n. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis PP, In viev of the country's need of prer.erving the iniustrial efficiency of its way earning woolen, their emplornent at night will be allowed only in OaOM of estraerdinary urgency. Plants in states Nhore night 9iork be been legally resorted to in the past will some under uniform rem. gulations with those in states where federal permits in specified eases will in future Wes precedence over the state regulations. No plant working en a war contract for the federal govern.ent will be allomd hereafter to employ No:,.en after 10:00 ihm. or before 6:00 a.m. without a far permit. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis DOITATITZ DRAFT OF 13MIXIMIT ON MUT 10MK 07 WOW= 20 U VII= BY .y PoLicus BOARD (As rest to the Ow ?other Policies Board at lts meeting, August 3,1':18) 'A. the mar goes eft and larger mil larger umbers of Awe are ffithdrima tree Misentrr fro, military servIco, request. ter pendulous to lat aere trequwat. the War Saber Pellet.. Lioy weans at sight are gro, Be;tr3 verefere regards It as A matter of pcblio lupertamee to oats slew Its attiteIo. From the sutras°. of war country Into the world ear It hes beea the eanausced policy of the nation,A inistratioa to atm**. short- sighted attowts to relax logal ,leasures by the various st:4tes to steguard the beam 4sast siriaisosky ef this enters. Opos sarsfsi ussiasrattes of seri sass a sures overloud* es reatars the eledear et tile It is rsc-Agalsued that sealimunsaight serk ter essen ha. been found to be hiritul ths laftstrial emporlease 2J! eeelttriee, teepees of its bad effeet ea health, olorals, fatally life, matare of ehildren end ino. dustriel effisiesser. Before the ler it eas ferbiddes loaeraationel treaties la the loadimi Uri:visas countries. la th• Waited States several lispertant Iniustrial *taus seseted 14:41 specifying ported* of rest at night for 'WAWA suplapedNrwcrrrrte. age the No* York statute wee upheld as sleastitutional fir the Makes% (wort of the state. It is of the atmoot !Aspartame that the standard. atteimed la these states shall& he selsisSeed °ad ems seem &geld bus sets speried against the dawn, e£T1S mock in states nee legallp issrsitting It. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis If, besause et the extraordtmer, comAitlans 'soused by the ar ia -411. wirrying out r ontroots for the federal sevarassat, the need for am, bowers', deviation fressemittiess preseribed or iLaer admimistrstive Is demonstrated, it *Meld be determined eilay w the national gewernsent, mad the need est wilabsetioressomat or smeepteg daii,eges in *Sato Libor laws. In saes an emergemny eassed tAr the neeesslft at essential pro4uotion should be Above Is arise indispensably reqpiring Os employment of *ewes at Light ;After 10100 p.a. sr before 6:00 o.ao., the War Saber 10011.01es Dowri bus fora-mistei prooedure for temperer, war peraits alle-ins swish Aark, thereby tAk1ng pireesditmose ever regulations under the der pcodere at the federal gmmerumeni6 lbws ths neeeseity for night /Perk for OWNS le primed and eine /Porkies evinAitians satisfaetsry Is the federal sseernemstare established, the Secretory it er the Secretary if the lism, isestroesomendattem at the 104-Nsm in Industry Serving of the Dewartsoat if Saber, will grant to e particular plat for a spooifiell period, a got staorganey permit, ailetf4es the employment at wedges at night. Careful imestigetise will determine the mood far etch wort ani *soh establishment holding a permit shall he ender the sostinmed swletrvisies at a designated foUral department. the permit *111 be issued only for night shifts of eight hours or less, aed retatimg shift* whereby night work for amy iniiviimal occurs to snly ote neek to three will be oaposeavdt. a mesh permit will be Seamed =loss the awards at the liar Labor Dowd and the prostates* of the state labor law for safety, health, mad sentort, shall hove hams fully oo"liod eith. Might *ark of weans sea *nimbi avoided hy the employment of Asa above draft age, and Mess eet classified for military service; by the extensionat plaits et tie ISMIPOdsotiVii of an lathistry 1st. new &mac or by 1160,0104, 40101.111 amiogoseat. Permits *ill ass be grunted unless it is slew that theme meths:pis de met inane* Is inerease produetion. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -3•• In Vie* *f of , otouatry's mod at prsoarving th* intastridi nay or Ito reap earning 4* th•Ir soplogrrornt at night .4411 bo only in oases of *xtraordinasi arrow. Plants in *tot** are night mort has bolonlsgally reitiortia to La tbe past will ININD unier uniform regulations witk tilos* in *tat** where Moral omit* opeoifiod oases will in Cuter* tab* prossden** *oar the *tat* regslations. Mb plant working on a contylot for Um, Moroi imernowint WM be allow& itmattor to Ompliri neuall attar 10*00 pow. or Wogs 4:00 &sm. witliset a air pima't• https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis = fiRAPIP ar 111.1111111111P ON BMW WM OF WA, TO Mt USW Iff 11112 MOM MUCUS NASD (As res4 to the tibia Utter Pellet** Dopiod at its meeting, August 23,1918) Ao the ler goes es mei lama n ihrgor wisher* of mos are thir^,a free Industry ter military sorrloo, requests for perskiestas to orsrboy aspen s% night WO igiwking wore frequent. The BwArl ft:erotism rowed* It as a swifter of pb1i thar Labor Polio:toe lopertanse to make close ite att1.001•• alron the ontronoe ofover country tote the svorld seir it has been the meneeneed pollor of the setiassi eitaisistrotirm to coral* shortsighted atteet-ts to rola: L. aorksures tor the various stalme to We." guard the health amil Iliffieleney of the markers. Wen *twat's1 owasideration of more than a tsar's eavorionsom rirra the wisdom of this policy. is mefipsised thk4 waltinvolla nl..-rhf • wit nub toesea Me boon foes* to to harmful in the talu*tri,4 exr,:tr ,(Iniae of sal moistrims iseetuseof is. bad offset ashealik, stereley family life, leafare of *tildess sot etnotris1 offielesey. lifer. the vie It ee. fortidden by international treaties Is the loading eiropeasi mastries. In the Thilted States erveral isopertoat latiestriel. states 411111arted Isms epocifyiegi periods of moll at night far ansen essoloied in factorise ifInd the lee York statute *as upheld as oesketitutienal the highest court of the state,. It I. of Who Isheoet lielportonee thst the otendro414 attained in thee* steles ebetala be awl yawl sod ant illsat 61111111111 alsould 110 *aft 111014101 seibiges the ifteere of sight 4etqc in ettes Row 1.4,44 per. witting 1$• https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis I., bessuor of the eattmaptiowy semilitiems ammo& by the ow in 40, eerryilis est *oM'entracte for the fedora semormommt, the seed for aor temperer, deetattes fressemiltioas preowned 101,lias or adistsistratlipe order is demonstrated, it should be detereised tir the matlecal geweremeati and Use seed est *Meet peraenset or smowpiss Ohessee isstate Leber lava. In oasis all sworalsor seamed hy the sesessity of essenSial pro4uotion shon14 bo shown to orlon ielleveSeably requiring the esplerosst of vio -es at sight after lota4 or Worts p., 440116, the her Leber Peliaies Iteardbms forulutel proosiure tor to-7orur7 AEW pared,. isalawlig 'NM work, thurabr taking proosisnco over re.Kultions units's' the ger polars ef the Mersa preermasemit. Whore the seeeestb, for night week for oOmOR 141 proved en4 *hors working conditions estisfeotery te the federal gewermmmst are established. the Se,Jret:,Ary of *ir or to* esoreter, of the *ivy, 1001 smoolvandatlost of the Iowan Inlustry 5.9rvico of the rT11 or Wore 4111 air,»Itt to a particu- a lar plass for & spociflod period, war traerssessrpersit, elloAng the et-H-4oy- neat of massa alit Might. *wolfs' Investigation 411 deterodla UM mod for slioh emit Alai leash establiehisest boUtlas & permit &ball be miler the eoatimse4 esiJorvielmeEl b& permit "Ill be lamed may for :Light shifts of sight hears er lees, smd Math* Shifts whereby elliht murk wqr leiviieel occurs in only one amok ta three will be eamesmsed. lb walk psrAit *ill be issued isles. the &wards of the !er Leber Beard end the provisions of the state labor lee for safoty, health, and somfort, shall hem beem fully co,A.pliod *ith. Might met of *sem& sac °Minh, avoided by the eupleyamaiJ t et gma moss dssft op, mid Mose se4 eiseolfted fer ailitary service; by the astemeimm of pleats er the le4rotoetlati of st.siseu-4try int* see stew sr fir thoremighly oempotsoll measitominit. Permits will set be grbsted unless it le *leer trust these methede do sot suffice to isereese prothaeties. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis In Ties of Um ossittryls mood of prosorving tbo intinotrial 4) 'may of its wagp osorairs women. their suplerseekt at night will to all° ad only in *sow of sstraerilaury urgency. Plants in *taboo shine night TIhas Well ifigalir re sertod to in the past will solos unier uniform Toflt:gith those in *Vito* -itikerge Mersa yseralte in specified owes will la future tali preeLieno• Vier the state rogulatioao. No plant Narking on a ear *mama for Ms Moral govorameat will be alIomod beroaftor to ovoley Vella arbor 10100 p•ou sr before St00 Oh". wt*mat & *air vomit. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1111111127/1 11101 IMISIMMIEG MIMI MK OF 10 a to IA 181010 um gm taw rams Iwo Mr lohor Patel** Mori at its 4114411141. August23,1918) (As isM to Am t gave on mad larger and Imp,Mabels of mos ass to thius.ie twos industry for military aarcloot rognsoto far permission *mole, womanal alsilt are gro4ag sere fre,mont. Ito War Labor Policies liatter of public iorortanos to taake *Isar "themorore relar411 It Ile a 201 its attitude. it hso Iron Oho antronco of one wastry into the world war shortWreaths sansumeed policy of the natimal WiA.nistrutiqa to oppove sighted attsorte to rolaz legal :measures w the various at4tes 60 1014.10 at guard ths health. and *Moloney of ths where. Wen oaroful sasaidopoli of nor* than a pearos experloacris resefirm the irlodoaret this polisIN It is roeognised that continuous night 4orr for semen be* boss of found to 10 harmful In the isluatria (merlons* of ail sommaries, bessuos mg top it. to' offset is befath, aerial', (*Ally life, iellare of Minkss *mstrial *Meissen. Defers the mar It .es ferbidlea4gr inbmsationa trestle, in tio 1sW2. Iliarapessi ovostrlos. In lie WW1 *tato* settorn1 loportast iniustrial stake onsketed Laws specifying periods, of rest at nit for iiesme oftleyed in footer's* and the idas York statues sae vphold as oematitutional by the highest court of the *tato. It is of Ws ittovat Ltrportsase that the stasablard• Is *fate https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ttaiasel in theme *Woe &MIA 110 nrialsinal Ina num should waled against tio daigsso of sight work to stolen ago //sgailq perm If, bec'* aoztrueortimory osalitiono mass! Vity Oho Asir Is mei for "Mr earrytmg out aar eseltreele fir the Moog sowermammt, the boaparagrdeviAtisa from osedittosa proscribe" is demonstrated, It should be ieberAined sihr br la* ow aistatotrallive sr 11, lb" istiesel goweramook sot instute Labor law,. fa sass the mood set withoutpoirlimmant or &moping shampoo on sessrares, sassed Air whorl , the nesessity of oosestini production of sown a% plot arta, to arise inilepeneohly requiring the eapleyownt hoe forvulated preowlure for er before 000 eon*, the ler ;ober Policies Bowl temporary Wee ,leg week work, therehl Wass p1eee4esmio over peralts olle. l gairarmaato rempletletevider the set potoro of tb" gedoro proved. and *hese lbws the Seeeister for sight sorb far assom le federal goessimonat sue establish'', tike sertimg eenditlene ebtleteetery to the e of tbo liaarelary at lbw or the Beeretary of the Wisr, impenremaiscreadiatim ttll greet to o portleaisakAan in In isstry Service of Om Dew Went of lehwt, emeripleapf perxit, ello -leg the employ.lsr pl,tut for & specified ported, a mar nest of Si* snob at night. Careful inwostiestien *111 determine the met for seat amil eta establishment IN/441AB permit astal bounder Via asethimmi will to isms" sely elpeirldedeleits deetenwhot federal Owportomat. lbe permit atiorebr aims work for si#11 *Me of eight beers or lees, sod retatimi skirts for ow aded4 Lweek Individual secure in only emo workIiWee will be esessr as" tho prettiness permit vrill he Issued Wows the swords it the UV Wet Jima bow boos the state 1.1.bor le,* for safety, health, sod eentort, atoll co .11ed 460 of _ACK Night *elk it ems esai *Mats oweidet 10, %be omplqpiset the esabove draft slit eall Moo sob elaosified for military service; by tenelegi Of plants .or blok Istreesstion of && lateetry into nsa avow or by e 11411 net be wonted Maass it is ellarantair SIIMPelieen emegemeet. ivedrettt igkeite that Uses aellbeile le set eettlimi to Isereeee protuatiele. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -3* In viol* of the eountres nosi or promorving the isOustrial off'7.toner of its iseip seraing ~at the r 04111arsoat at night willbe allowed only in Games of oxtraerdissry urgamay. Plants in ststos where night Rue* hos been tegelly resorted to tn the past will come modor uniform togeleliene with thews ta states *here (*demi !%orsits in *rectified Goole* will ta future Ube proesdonuo over tho *tato rsgulattoms. to plasma working ass Aar 0,ntmot for the federal government Will bo allowed hereefter to employ No on attot 10t00 p4o6 or before 4400 a,m6 without a016r ror4it• https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 10: FhOm: Misr Van Kleeck. Miss True. I have received the same memorandum from Jir. Bell r—garding the printed lisfs of state o'ficials to be attached to state contr-ct. have Ule matter in mind and ,ill t'tke cH,re of it, but thouAt could wait until the rush of plans for the conference was over and the formal designations wera got'en out. August 21, 1918. RT:ES https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ( 1.0',1\\-1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis \ \ - A\ 1) ity clear Ars. 4clley: Th‘,nk you tv.artily for your littE.r of fui'-u:t Miss GoLiamrk has been most hel,ful t-; , us in . , eveloint, in this tter but we shall rerch n3 Pinl j.eci*ion full conzi.!er.Aion nci ,e hwpe tc.? you. 7.1y, FlorPnc9 Aercry, ial..tneucKLi itboutlory i- cz, from A nJ It CW C P. ft NASKEAG, COCK COUNTY. MAINE 6a,e4 /4%t-gaz , https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis t7o.azael. )2, , i 1.4 60-ff-7 / /k°74z 6&Z(/; , 7y760t7—Th 4‘)?a4a.e.: • ee64--4 cia,) /7‘}-ea&ree/r 7Aela-tZ Y'i(101)2‘ef), fr-44:4; 4-teedee 4 -)ilt&-iyia-faxJfeef al Jaw':— kge6rce"7x ,,,d-etle f 71 01 2?; -(.e-ttu, /It:rd/ tit(5,,,,,,,e64er7,-iee& , ail& tbaze/ ve.(/ t4r. -14 2 ei ettFfl ,,,etsai4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis .4 /i/tum .-1(flitea , /666,7_, i A LA:0-7--/-ZA4-teti ;(-(1 72/ 40",zeeTva atV/1( a)r, # /4) /i.e! 'ute}ate:i er, / /', , Ai, °tfkii/C-em autee , 0e24 W,4eL d-adi -7/1-6r 4akrf / /// / 619'?;)6(7 , i. --,// 7 voako--- it-61,e4/0 Afo//cy, — eu647/ ate/te;494(1 .14 e-Pji) 4414%4 91/66.07"a, 26,144i/in oeti-074, 1€44/(/j 4:7 4 2 / 01 aW4-te, f3 I , 7taLetteit*d.6 e2 ' /647L-14,7111;g4L a,a fevt/e6o4, 0 atax-( 4440, 4Cetr , ei/Vga& t2/ ‘Ieteaffeek*g f .-i lZe diA/40 7669 rt riASKEAG. GOCK COUNTY.MAINE 1 1 661 a,( -1 6? , Z2 , .1 'al/44 le 66(4/P4,0( Z?&24zeifileA6/ 2, %;w6e,y4.0 it-retthwc e*.ai , 92ieft,)Zde, ",,„ aiih,p77, ,1_ 7/jyai,,‘,,e-w . ,, , ,./0A(4-7----7k& https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis // /Ciee&id ,(i,ei-e 4et-i; , ittecegeett44.1 agivoae-ecee4,1--4f& 4,/,o--aiteeeri, 4 71( cE* e,i ktetev • ‘67 ,a/cel-6&z- a-7"Th teic fr aeLeat, 7(-‘62WA ( g-fr724 alee 41)Cor-,2c? r ?O'-12-3211c-M2Wri 1 7 ) 4 -• 0Y Ze-e-Oh7 • '4 'W71-7W19:e r gzja" 2' ) 1 34 3 ( 4 (1921( . 4 7L_7 ly 7a-acat 0707 '19237)//) x /i 1; 1 4i417 7 /1 (7 /9:2-4/92222/—gt 4,4;1 ‘(eopzi_v7227v A7v6rN72997 6 P)O-nnW, 4 /64.41?2?2-m7, ,or„wii„vavi 40 i:7?-)17,/g-)270„4// https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Report on Investigation of Night Workers in row Haven July 19th, and August 1-4, 1918 Employer: Sargent & Co. and the Government Number of workers interviewed: 66 Age: 36 between 20 and 50 years, 4 under 20, 16 over 30 Family: 45 with husbands at work 11 without other means of support Nationality: 44 Italian, 6 Irish-American, the rest scattering Kind of work: press work for Sargent & Co., link inspection for the Government Hours of work: 5 p.m. to 1 a.m. lion. to Fri. night 1/2 hour offttme Saturday night to 12 ffr 6 " 44 hours per week Pan 016.76 a week by day rates 2.86 to .)4.00 a night by piece work Hours of rest: 51 root until 8 or 9 a.m. mostly 5 get up between 4.50 and 6 o'clook to get their huskbands' breakfasts and go back to bed again 53 reported that they slept well Home Buttes: Meals: 20 reported all of the housework, care of the children and the laundry 26 reported most of the work and cure of the children I worked in her father's store in the day 9 did little or no hou3ework 24 ate a shop lunch at 10 p.m. 28 ate two shop lunches, at 7 and at 10 p.m. All reported but one hearty meal during the day Uce of Stimulants: 15 32 11 drink a pint of coffee at 10 p.m. drink tea or coffee only once a day or none at al: 3,4, a 5 times a day drink. " " " Health: 44 reported good health not very good health " 12 Moral environment: unanimously reported good Reasons for taking lip night work: 47 9 for the money and to do the housework and care for th, children or husband during the day for various other reasons Reasons for giving up night work at Sargent's: 2 could not stand it, 11 had various other reasonn Previous night work: 15 had previously worked a 10-hour night at the Winchester Repeating Arms Co. and given it up because too hard 11 had worked. from 10 nights to 6 weeks at Winchester's and. 6 weeks to 4 months at Sargent's and all but one were still at work 3 to 6 months at I7inchester's 4 -11 but one were still at work at Sarg t's ,1) https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 6 41IP Report on Investigation of Iright '::orkers in Ner Haven July 19th and August 1-4. 1910 qh: 3argent I Co. Six of the workers interviewed. wore working in the Sargent factory but directly for the Goverment and were on the sem schedule of hours and pay aa the Sargent workers. or interrieveds 56 43 working night° at tho tino of the invontigatian no longer " 13 ST Act,an: 1 3 12 36 4 Family , 6 2 37 1 1 1 1 6 I VIC ma over were " " " " " " under 60 40 00 20 PO years of age and under 50 years " 40 " " 30 " " were einale and boarding with the family " widows with 7oixag ohildren husband at TiOrk " married, with young ohilireniand W " off W W W W If TI was W W “ W It * in jail " " one youna chili, decorted by /mama " " n " " grown children, and husband at work n II no "husband. ot milk " were • * in the am " was marrioa, " MD on Nation lity If the 6ar:ent workers: 44 were Italian 2 " ;wish 1 rns English 1 " IrlohmAmerloan 1 " Vkrainl n 1 " Germ. - lorlean of the Government workers: 6 wore Irk. - aerioan mi Was Engli oi!work: bending on a big press, dangerous curling on a foot press Busing, hut met. both bana and. foot notions neoon machine overatinr on shells link inspootion, :rovernmont work, vary nom uk•J/6., popular with the yomer women who like thr excitement of the mac 4LW L jolMecl If;work: 0.10 p.m. : 10.20 p.m..12.60 a.m., !kn.-Fri. iM4 InSiV ss 10 p.m. : 10.20 p.m..12 mianigh4 , Srtrrkrir 7.1/2 hours 5 nighte in the veal: 6-1/2 hours 3cturday night Total: 44 hours per guedk Sizracz work: nano Wale m-Q-Aimerr otopn at 10 p.m. for 20 minutes for a lunch *Was but nothing is said if a little more time to taken. workers stop about 6 ninutos at 7 °solo* to oat May are allowed to otop at 10 ninutes before 1 o'clock to clean and wash up. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ao day rorkern„ llut - Ilt akorts 30t the owe pay by the nook re per hour, 9 booms P07 for kh9W1,400ftt Workers 1 Ulla %toot m a jot ni One used to do 27 or 28 boxes a nn; to do *0 boxes by piece work. swolle hand twi Pay Of::se omployed nitgits st tha %I tilf~§149P1tOr The aevernment pAye for b011avirs iRa gelee a week, the 10 Oseed41111%Mgatvb $ verk;re. ,a thiL 6 eamte, knovni. 3 ask ? a Imo )4.00, but make i 2 !Jo tioce week so hard. work out to it tired her aU It 04.00 make 3.00 to 3.60 a night; one could 9 by working very bard. vl 2 1.50 a night. I. 3.50 to ,e1.00 a niGht. 9 I, 21.54 a week an the avera3o, could mho 20.00 1 a 'ova% on ful% time. n 21.91 last woe2c, 96A a box, 4 boxes a night. 1 MT , of ihose working nichts MD longer: 4. ‘i 9 1 1 1 1 4 . 4.4 f A ' rpt ' ' 44 A ,.t V 0 reported Z,16.76 day rates. 'I 20.00 a weak, oxpocto to go back soon. “n 3,86 a night usually. 4.00 a night usually, will co back soon. " earnings by piece work unknown, just begun and airing up work the day the inventigctor called. 17; 56 the total number interviewed.' Remark about pay: The pay of day workers is 017.10 &week. Sargent night car.r .ors lose the hour from 12 to 1 Sunda, morning and 511, pay oubtraeted mdking their weekly Wage b7 Aer rotes $16.75. They receive no pay for loot time When US meshilee break: Aovn. Lan2T dozo loot from lack of stook since they wont on a goo work basis. 7;orke4 only four days last week, and only one o of the first digr this week. ( reported Fritlay. August lot. ) sight workers get the same pay by the week as day workerc, but Omore per hour, 9 hours' pay for 8 harm' work. Ome newd to do 27 or 28 boxes a night at day rates. mad cot pork. !molien hatali .imyint to ao zo 1=a; ty m Ihe )overnmeint pays for holidays and off-time. Bonnn for 'turdqy night brings the rotes up to 47.10 a week, the 'Jamas the Sargent day workers got. Jo piece left is done fOr the 0ovornmont. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 410' .3. New Haven Night Workers Sargent & Company Hours of rest of those working nights at the time of the investigation: 12 reported rest until 7.30 or 8.30 a.m. Eleven slept well. 9 n 25 or 10 " , sometimes later. 1 can't sleep until 3 a.m., sleeps lightly and wakes with the noises. 1 does not sleep well because the baby rskesher up, sometimes gets up early to wash. 1 sound sleep until 12 noon. 5 that they got up anywhere from 4. 30 to 6 a.m. to get their husbands breakfasts, rent back to bed and slept until 9, 10 or 11 a.m. of those working nights 210 longer: 4 reported that they rested until 6, 7 or 8 a.m. TV n n Ti It " 8, 9 or 9.30 a.m. Ti IT Ti 9.30, 10 or 11 a.m. 4 n to 11, very irregulis.r. she • 8 Total 56. Home duties: reported none at all or a little help. had a little maid but did a good deal herself. did all except the flat wash. Ti TV Ti Ti wet radio, Ti " washing and ironing. " " " " the house vork and the washing and ironin,. helped her mother in the house and her father in thr, store, found it too hard, has given up night work. 4 dAd not report. Three had little children. 9 1 4 5 12 20 1 —87 Meals: 1 11 5 1 13 11 2 2 3 rg ate three meals a day and no night lunch. reported three meals a day and one shop lunch, at 10 p.m. It Ti Ti " " one " n two " 10 p.m. one n n n n n n " one " 10 p.m. has always had poor health. if three meals a day and two shop lunches, at 7 (4 10 Ti Ti " Ti two " Ti II n two 7 " 10 n n n Ti TV two " tne meal " 7 " 10 It ff TV Ti n Ti u TV two one 7 " 10 did not report. imulants: Use of 4 d ti not report 11 r orted drinking no stimulant at all. a little tett or coffee. Ti tea or coffee once a day, 18 Ti Ti twice It Ti Ti n 9 Ti Ti rt n three times, 7 Ti TI TV • 4 or 5 " 4 egg https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 5 at 4" 3" 4" 10 10 10 10 p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. 4OP ii11.4.410 7,ew Haven Night Vorkers Sargent & Co. Hoalth of those working nights at the tine of the investication: 35 reported good health. 1 tgla 1 , F woe:0C 2 nights. 2 weeks, bad 4 Children, 2 " 3 R R ft R I ° " and " " most of the work. ty A 8 Aid all work but lauhdry 1 had no Child 1 2 4 1 2 7 r 7 " 2 montbn 2 all work and laundry " * but moot of the work * * a all work Ca laudrfr w * 1 most of ?oft t all but net mph, bind 4 L. 5 children 6 w 3 " 4 : ft PI 6 6 " w no 3,3,6 t no 3 3& 3 3, 4orno 3 4 & no • ft R PP " and wash 7gr orted not wary good health: 10 1 2 2 "$11 work but laun bed worked 1 week, had 1 child, a VT a TV a children, 5 6 " 4 maks, 2 " R TV R IV * " 2 ea no 4 * VI 1 child, 1 6 2 • TV O • 4 0 no " 4 children, 19 6 R expects to stop night trot does all her work, just living on her nerves does all work but la " * but flat " tt VT VT Iamb: Totals 143 of those working nights no longer: 11 orted cood health. worked 1 rook, had, no chile.. 1 " 2 rooks, " 1 " 1 I" vet 2 ia Vt no " " 4 1 " month, o 4 children 0:4h, 2 0 6 weak', "no " " 2 months, ft 3 1 IV 1 ohm' "2"1/2 " 1 ft Ft 3 O 4 ohildren, Total 06 reportinc health. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis did sal wort:but la n ff anig AMR* * * * " no beisows* " all woMk and w 0 0 w " sow housework 01. 7c7 WM Night Wafter, Sargent & Co. nova enVironmenr: unanimously reported good. Good crova." " Ur. S. ( the ouperintondont ) is awful ecasoful. " " The inspectors are tho only non calmed in the rooms the girls* " Reasons for taking wp night week: 38 Ifor the to 1 riky y. ease of the ohildren mo bY LAY. end to takene hocpital tille End take oars of the baby by day. " " huaband b aqp. 1 #r the sake of her health, got run down with day wort & danOes. 4 to ao the housewoek by Air, no ohildron. 2 because it does not interfere with other arrangements. 2 could. not Get day wozt. 3 thought they would like the hours. " it would be easier than day work. like° to go to Savin Rook afternoons for the bathing ( stn' ) 1 took the notion ( single ). Reasons br giving up night work at Sargontio: I 1 lwas asked to go on We because night work was Blank. 1 did not like to work on Saturday nihta. were afraid of the big press and could not get ohangea to lam went on a atittkoeoff sisere for higher pay& were not ta7-vm t was discharged because of trouble with another worker. left to have an operation. left to have a baby, will take it up again. X Soull not stand it. 1 sOkod for piece rate Pay, olaimei that ate put out 35 boxes Where many did only 18 or 19. gave it up booause her mother wished her to ( single, age 17 years ). 11. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Her Haven Night Workers Sargent & Co. -6- Previo0 night works the Sargent night vetkore had previously worked. at the 15 l inchestor Repeating Arr10 houre had been Co 7 to 12.30 3.15 9-3‘4 hours a nlebt fivo nichte in tbo mak. 48- /4 bours aimmalk• 9-44 Service 7-1/2 bro. a niOtt TINT given up• did not li lIAiIcht [J 1 reek 10 nighie still at voe: too hard asniftw o too hard 4 months, could. not keep awake nights or am Ws 4 month!), did not like the job at Vs left Vo because arealli of the big press I mann., mull not keep make nigbte or diem, notand it 4 months, too bard 4 nonths, bad to sleep dill day, mo time to care for obildren 4 months, OM kAslooks, " 7,4r God, sleep all the time, 4 menitho, no goail. " oauld 3 montilto not ntand it too hare, n) tired in tho norninc 4 sant; in 1915 in 1911 tired and sleepy 6 most 2 montha, " job 4 montilis in 1918 did not like the or the paY 6 month oould sot oloop all day loft Bergent's to have an opersliton 0 2 months, " maks, " 5 weeks nrorkniv with previous sipesdisse tn rurkinc night°. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 011 SD .7. New Maven Night Worker° Sargent & Co. Remarks of 170210)20111 As to hours: * Five to one o'clock is grand. " * rive to one is idoal. Whoever put that up &IL 'somethtng good. " "Could. never have more oatisfactory hours even in time of poem). " "The last hour from 12 loo 1 aolook is junt aS gooi for work as any. Nobody minds it. Prom 3 a.m. in Winebesterfs is net good for anything. iverybody got tired. * "Rave boon on pleae work in deg' work, but never worked so willingly as on the 8 hour niCht. Vorr tired the ' last hour an the 10 hour shift. " " I would stand for it in time of posoe on general principles fbr those who have to work. It to better than a 10 hour day for marriod women ant Bina° one too. " A former practical nurse. yould approve of such hours in poa0S, would likb to soo two eight hour ehifts from 7 a.s. to 1P midnight. It would be worse fOr the MDMOU Who need momoy to lorry than tO work until 1 osolodk. " A former sohooltoaoher. it I "The girls stand up fine under an18 hour night, don't get tired. The might gang gets more work out in 8 7 lmn the day gang does in 9. The boss says so. " " I was up until 12 nights before I began night re*. w All Italians are up until 11 or 12 at night. * * Part of the night workers sit up late Suntay nib. , Some go to bed early. " ft no children go to bed with the father ant get up with the mother or sleep till after the mother is up. " Ton know how it to with *Miran. When the, 30 to be4 wake early. When they go to bed late they °loop 10( they early, flII hyaena wants me to ztve up nicht work. He tools:aft like to put the children to boa. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis "Fine at Sargent's. " "Lovely at Sargent's. * * Awful pleasant at Sargent's. * "Ton Gantt imagine how good it is at Sargent's. man in the room. arlo sing lawn they work. * " • * Mew Avon I Sargent Workers 00. Geoleral4 remarks: lice bosses. The day boss game sa easy jdb when I was 'tot feeling roll. He did not semi me home ea they usuallY " " Fifty girls applied for nicht work this morning. Some ,s14 they ease from Winohasteris. Unless they' have been out six wedm, they don't get hired. " " There aro a great many aeoidentso not every &g o but ev ry •" " The strike lasted oay two Ilays. 2hey all vent bs,ck. " " The Italians have a coffee club. A man comes aronnA with "bananas ani ioe-oream oanon.at ten o'clock every nidht. Eve !body buys of him. " In one family a little girl of ton years does al the be Work except the laundry. even washes the floor. Her brother of tullilve sells papers. From 5 to 6 o'olook in the afternoon, the oldest chili 0 the ther or an aunt or a neiehbor takes care of the ohil til bhe fether oomog home at C oioloOk. One girl had inbred two fingers because the other girls Immo fooling and pushed her elbtm. it happened. twioe. ahe told the boss ohs was careless. i= 0ne a workor who hal given up night work because of poor h th was earning a &Mar a day doinG bonne* en ladles for a factory, works all day and. sometimes ip to 10 'taloa at night. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis VW IN IOPJ:::TRY 3ERVICE Agne4 Neetor, Room 82), Iv) h. CI. rk 5treg-t, Chic,;,o, Ill. ,ee,r laLt 00 with tto conferonce 1.,. n Aoix.1.41*, Tr, e uni,n Cosumers' Let.t ue, rhe A.A. of ;.n1rAnks. w'r; Treitry hrs. Ft,nt..;u- 11' jrnee Let.gue. 41e, 631,-Iwirt, Abbott atte#0 the c,;.aferenca. *e :vere conel_ering the ,usAion of ni.:ht wort for women. 2')ere. t.ire cartt,in i4 u trieL: ;Itre wrx ?.or< lc, 4, rticularly niOt presing, tnat f.,re acting contintvuly for dermit to work women in the st.tes where theTe b.re 1%we :;rohibiting night work tor ',o%.un. ;41 course in the other ,- t%teti they :,re r!oing qs they qesse ;:ibt-Jut it. rhe t,(4414: cvnailerel very Tiously w, ls the one, how ure que- tion thut to best orotect the 'see now on the stOdate books. ke feel thnt where the thA thi,re is no other wciy d - reusure•thr prouction ie o In' it is better to gr.Int thtf, „;trmit, under Arom6 ou.)ervision of the con 'itiont, of wort iato consi.'srAion, hour2 Govornnutnt, totking thereoy forestalling n (!eneral onsliueht cu the 1.1.1or laws for women when the next lvisletures meet. If' tlfcte tlAe aftclr thor.ouc h relax the 'ewe ‘rl. the Goverme,ent thst it is necessary to sa feel that un,ler those em— ici:ity 'n not tne ttint:. toe ..litilna WP cf t labor lbws. kfter e thrte hours' conference c :t thi: wa!, the ofr, xe -0.er6 .tit of it. his 1,c!rer ileeck Et..tembnt which *ill bo tAen before the Lir Lsbor doard is to write 2. -ition 4n this Jut:tion. i will see the issuel .n thA rlu pet very fine in her new 7oFiti,m seems luite Elizabeth is tnow thzA Noc:Kelc is h(,.re Ls ;;ecret&r: to hr. '.)111:1er. had .dy. sudpose He oint.7 to etay here for two weeks. hill ,:robkbly be here most of the su;:oee time. ie is now a rular h?....shingtonian, wearing a etas 3esch suit. y.,,u know by this time whtit Olive ie goini to Jo, whether she is cowin6 bere Lt this time, with Ka. lisoral government as or not. I 6incercly more for the labor aiovement we are ht„vine to orni.i.e th .n covnnt _n the .Aitside. of tbe ineihe t t e vorking on https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ?+ith love krt.] '.)est iour$ 3incerely, AARf ANISRSOR, AsEist-ant Adrector, n in inAuetry Service. ii01EN IN THE WAR INDUSTRIES. TENTATIVE liROGRAY, REGARDING NiuHT WORK FOR ed, reciuests for As the war goes on and more men are draft work of women are growing more exemption from laws prohibiting night out a policy and a procedure for frequent, and it is desired to work dealing with them. has three aspects: From a legal point of view the problem 1. nsin or kassachusetts in Requests are made from states like Wisco power to an industrial which the legialature of the state has granted board or commission to permit exemptions. 2. in which the Requests are male fro:fl states like Pennsy]v4ria tions. Industrial Board is held to have no power to grant exemp 3. states like New Night work is prevalent in the war industries in jer:3ey Li wh ch there is no law prohibiting night work. s: Discussion is therefore desiraoie on the following point 1. increased If it is clearly ?roved that production demands an the federal labor supply for a given equipment, is it desirable for at night even government to urge or to permit the employment of women in states in which there is now a prohibition of night work AP...ft that the state thwee-04,44re sho id it be held by the federal government la. erohibiting night work sho.old be rigidly adhered to? 2. of reguiation Is it desirable to try to work Jut a definite method acts which shall be Dased and supervision ap,Jiying to all federal contr only in specific plants on the idea that night work is to be permitted then under a definite after definite investigation of its necessity, and method of regulation and supervision? https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - • MID - -2- 3. What shall be the procedure before granting an exemption? A plan of procedure is alre-Ay in process of development. Requests made to the office of the Secr-tary of War either directly by a plant or by the Industrial Commission or through a contract department such as the Ordnance Department, are referred for recommendation to the Woman in Industry Service, if the request has not alreo,ly been investigatei, the Woman in Industry Service requests an investigation, preferably by the contracting This invesdepartment, if that department is equi,Ted for it. cover: to tigation is expected 4. (1) The necessity for night work in that plant from the point of view of production. (2) The conditions in the plant from the point of view of Labor management, showing whether or not a night shift for women is likely to produce results or whether there may be some other more desirable method of increasing production. (3) In cIse the employment of women at night seems necessary, the conditions which should be required as a prerecuisite to making a recomAendation to the secretary of War. What should be the method of regulation in case an exemption is granted? Up to the present time no requests for exemption from night labor lams passing through the hands of the Director of the Woman in Industry Service or the Chief of the 'omen's Branch of the Ordnance Department has been granted. Therefore, the method of supervision after the granting of a request remains to be formuLated. Formu_ation in advance of making such a recommendation is obviously desirable. It has been suggested that in every instance a statement of the conditions under which the recomiendation will be made should be submitted in advance to be accepted by the employer before the Woman in Industry Service makes a recommendation to the office of the Secretary of War, and the recomuiendation sho.ild then have attached to it the written consent of the employer to the conditions imposed. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis , 41 The suggested procedure is as follows: 1. The Woman in Industry Service will designate a supervising authority, which may be the contracting department such as the Ordnance Department through its Women's Branch, the state Industrial Commission, the u. S. Public Health Service, (if for example the request comes from a hazardous industry in which health supervision is essential), or some other official agency. That ' the plant shoild agree to employ a woman in a responsible 2. of wmen. supervisory position to have charge of the night shift 3. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis That the following conditions shouLd be re.juired: A. The night shift should n t work more than eight hours and should have knot less than three quarters of an hour recess at`Thight with rest periods in the period of work before and after midnight. B. No woman under eighteen years of age shou'd be employed at night. C. There should be adequate illumination and the sanitary conditions of the plant should be acceptable to the Woman in Industry Service. D. There should be transportation facilities making it possible for the worker to come to work and return home without undue delay or fatigue, and there should ys be supervision of the women workers in their journe at night hours. E. F. G. hing A lunch room should be provided in which a nouris the of close the at and ht at midnig meal can be secured night shift. ed Night work should be strictly limited to women employ time a be should on the contract specified, and there of the limit at the end of which period the extension ure proced sIme the permit should be again considered by as when it was first granted. make Rotating shifts should be encouraged which wilt continuous night work unnecessary. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis '1 ',.I y t1 . r • •,. '1 u, i .1 '-'. • t y.A.1 nt nxin. - , u Wit n ut. , 0 t'4 re-,-. 'ft- t, .Lt 11- si juc4t, h It it u Irwt ,r. L : t b1J!D „ n '1 , ,,.. „.' n Att. el •, ., ,n 1...,,,t. -..:'‹ -r:lit rj.,Jii-.. th , t-_ , 'y. ',. ,-,ii'.1 . :7 ,.,,...rtutf. ,) 4.., ,' '_: 71'. 1.- r '• _ , ;A r _( .1 j tc tNc uffr t '1 T.Jet A 4.0.r A11'1.44%304, in In .0 try Mr. 7U)fl 1C7 Wayt 1ij +t- ), J.:J 1 Str-Ft, j .y- f1r7t very hk,rirli. it .iterc tle rin t'n- ;T,vt) 3ni thfy h.4-1 tv'Lt!1 tl4e Argo t, miy 4 9,0 c%,e th-t wAtr41 r- tP.s https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis .11PUT:TY SVCE August 14, 110!8 Ay dear Mr. tio-tv=2: )n 1.4- net.: ln in In .ith.;try Servic!e th i.s of _lir t.iya eiai)11y7rent .:t „rohibiti. dLE3fl 't in .., ry Thi wc.rk 4.1 2rvent isr.rent 1' el .4 las ,,t,r fl 1..)eon therki ,aniert.t.ke. 7, L. Kr1)w, F')I10 very jirectiy rtd 1.13 ur •v Pril.iy I to r..)(.1 tlin 4.;rk 4: ir n Ln-h i rir I hat f 6.re c'.,tvini, )n, tvr,. ,r ree . Ave L,Irn n,.• the night 'work rsi3 tricti. 7.3 ir, ;lien i three ei,. b.t h.•ur nhitt. this suoject, t is _V thlt the Lh n.,t drft in thd r.t3 re-lue,:tinL unt I L. Cart:, r th untry ft, in t c it it.Ud f the fh.r- stutchit4, py the 13tettL .r, aL.ht sc ricer neld f in vie, .y y era,)L. y t.° -try ,..)vernment r t.. they y , ,f t , out ;I ) the • 1.Q.vcr. t Thy c(.1 ch f the hi ,nt.h 3. 1 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis jj rir Thei ffic the : (31t.:1r311. f thc, Secr3t•try irci "•,-1 • t f t u1 th • . InAlstry -Service t numper S ine, fl1311 the ie.uet. fr. 7 f i put-Lat. cuee h A4 te _ Pint. 1‘.-1 iru e.sc33nt:-.1.1 pr) idets n_ : the nee t_ 1 y , i rT ye ,f tv-i 31.1d.,Ay T' c r t, e! V f r ir ;• '„h At I*reter ' ,...)43 as..w :L ith rerer-.3r!.,-. . 1.1t Kith rF. L ue.,1 try. b ire ,,ef ro fr :Th ThOl- Cf ' , thrs ustrie, '3 f in r in • r i ir n • ry V n ; n itilu3try r th t 1yr1 W.. TEWIATIVE PR,A3F.,14F. IHE riAL -:.4 A8 the g.r goat= on ox:aption fr.m frw.u6n1, .e din mere men ars drafted, reuests for nie_ht Aon, )f women i.re L rorine, ., *nom 11: it i desired t iork ,ut with thin. From ?3. 1e. i .L,oint of vie,. the Fo as,ts %rt} 1. ,n! 1 proced4re for rude three a3pects: le froa. st,ttes Ake Wleconsin )1 littesitchusEAts in which the lai;islature )f the 9tato h.t,3 E r:J.ntel power tu Jft inAustiLl ,r commission to permit exak)tiono. 2. Pe.,tiestLI axe mtie fr.Jat state- .itce Pennu v nia in 4hich the InlasLriaL :3:ard is het 3. to h,ve no iy)wer to ,r.Int exeAiins. Ni Lt .,ork 1J ?revs.bnt in tile 7r industrio thar,cjin in ,,tate, ice Nen h ch thole is no lav prohiAtin, ni.ht Aor-k. 40011WADimou8sion is therafore ,:esiraule ,n the folio ine points: If it is clelrly thlt production de nd an incrased lab r sipply for a civen e li,lent, iE it losirtt—e ror the federal vHrnlIPnt to uro or to permit the eailoy.aent if Nitaan it night even in states in hich there Li those st,Ite , Fh;.L no it ne a prchlAti:Jn of n1 -ht clork by the felerai t:overmaent th%t the stAa ni ht work 11 -) 2. r in 16 it desirabie to try to girk be rigidly adhere:: to? _at a definite aethoi of relation Jal sudarvisi.-Jn ap dlyini to .1.11 federal c9ntr,cts which Fibdi ba based" on the idea itat ni ht work is to be permitted only in -pacific pints tfter definite tnvestigation of its nece.73ity, Inl then under , deft.ites meth https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis of rec:uiation Ind servision? ..- -2- 3. What ph311 be the droceiure before ,r,Intin6 an exemdtion? A plat •of procelurü tt tire ly in proce,s of developzo:nt. Fo',uesta :neje ta the Alfice of the Seer t.ry of War either directly by a plant or b) the Iniu:Ariai C.;ommis3ion or throu0i i. contrtct lepartment such as the ::r- rv.nce De,, rt.L'ent, are referred or recommend,tion t_ the ?man in int!u,tly ';ervice. if t':ia reuet ha.o not aire, .y oeum invetztiE ltol, the xk,man in Iniustry ServLce re-1ueot.3 inve9ti8Ai;n, e refarLty cl the c_ntr etinE iep,.rtment, if th.,t, departa,ent is e -,ui ped fDr It. Ti investiL.tion io expete 4 t.) 4. (1) The nece-zity f - r niAlt ,,ork 1, thLs. plant fr,m the doint )f vie- (z) The c...nditionL in the plitnt fron th'e poitit ,f view :)-f! uhf.*inE:: whethi-)! .1r not shift to proluco re 1it: or üther there rny bc some desirmble methol of inereasin production. (3) In ce the emdloyment of w)men at nif:ht seems necessry, the cJ%.:!itionc ',71) ; - th sh.Ju:!1 he riiH %CI .1 prerequisite to making a. reeotendation to the Lecretary of War. Iht,t shod be the methoi of r. , ulatiir in c-;,F-e- In L T-Intel? vhDr la,s U t , the prec;nt tiai n) r4f.uests for thr311:-11 the 11, ..nlri of the Director of th€ is n4-ht al in Industry oerviee )r the Chie`' of the romon's 3rLnct of the. ../rnlrice 7 .:.e:artment h'Ls neen gri.rti ThemforF, clfter the grintint: of a reLuet rem tim. in adv--nce of wikinE such P the meth)-1 of sudervi,ion to oe r.commendati')- i forut.. FJLI,A Alan obvio„lely It lit:: be,,n sleeestei th.Lt ir every inLt.,Lnce t statement of the c,.)niitions under which the recom enitatiJn will be maie shoa,.1 oa .:JADAtted in advrinee to foe accedtel Service y the employer before the Acm.in in iniustry recommendation to the office Jf the SecretAT of -.nil the recomend.atiJn sho,li then have utt.ched to it the tiritten ecnsent of the employer to the conditions Liip,AseA. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -Aairmavolliii-200011-4MINININ01.1"11,1111,- -3- he au8;ge:-ted procedure is .te follows: 1. The Tomcul in InAustry Service tad desicnates - ervising eu p ctuth,rity, qhich aAy be the contractin, de?trtment such Jrdn,irice De.m.taent though it the Woment6 rJr:nch, the state inius- n, toe u. S. Public HeaLth oervice, (if for ex,unple tri -ti su?erthe re-,ue,it COAeq from a titLzarlous in.lustry in which nekith t's.it,nti,L), or S:Ad other offici.k1 viai)n That, i..11 in ,gree to employ 2. it the pLimt sho reponsible of adpervis)ry position to hLve charge -f the night shift 3. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis shouLA oe re.uired: Tnit the A. Th6 n.tfht shift shou.J n t or aore th.la eija Ies3 thal three :iulrters hours 'Ili sh,uld h..ve h..)ur recess .t nidit with rust periode in tte )81-1)d of work befre ani after midni„.;ht. employ C. D. E. F. G. unler ei..-,httien ye rs n ,ht. •i.ge shDu :I be There shoull be aley.uate tlialia444nn .11d the riitionn of the plint :houi,I be L-.ccedtable sanitry to the Wom;n in In:iustry Service. it There sh u:l be transportation ficil.ities oakinv return ).ind , work to come possibie for the worker to F3hould home without unJue elay or fatue, ,J.11. there ys journe their in F the women worker be cudervi:iim 5.t night hours. nourishin_ \ lunch room ,houisl be provided in Ihich a of the meal cln De secured at miJni,ht JO tit the ci,)sie night. shift. 11114it work shuLd be strictly limited to woaen A tLue on the contrA.ct specified, and there should Ott the of ion extens the period lizit :it the end of which ure roced sAtep the oy ered consid jr1 permit sh,ouLd be when it wa first cr.:.nted. hift shouA be ancour4ed Alen wii.!. make Fotatin continuous ni ht work unnecessl.ry. -4- U. 4. In generi the 34c,Indr,is .outlineJ y the Uhe War ioa..br eolicies L4ener. rders 113 of the Chief pf 2,r1nance .11! Cir.ilAr #18 .of the Cuatteraster (:eneral And '.tto nhJuld be rigifly reuirel in ....Lny ?Lint rItvin elleci,AL exemption fcr ni,j1t work. Pec/A-As of output Aiould De kept in eu:',11 a .o.Ay to determine the best schedue of hJur6 fr-,11 the point pf view of proJuction. f. There should be ,tdeur.l.te, proviFion for he%Ith superviFion inctLline; physical ex,Lminati)n of https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis omen omployed on the niOit shift. _ for Vilr Labor Policies Board, July 8, 1918. III-A All OU 6 tle or reouirec in carrying contract shall be preforioed in full compliance with the la-9 of te, 'Territory or District of Columbia where duch labor is performed. The contractor shall not directly or indirectly employ in the performance of' this contract any minor under the age of fourteen yeari, or permit any minor bet-een the age of 14 and 1C. years to qorir more than 8 hours in any one day, more than six days in any one week, or before 6 a.ue or after 7 p.m. Nor shall the contractor directl- or inf'irectly employ any person undergoing sentence of imprisonment at hard labor which may have been impnsed by a court of an, State, Territory, or municipalit:,, having criminal jurisdiction. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ••• imeiJrtAlt me ,- ,n6 of :._;:.qa,."1611iik; 6hiE ond. T!FT -4 t,0 Ltd ;Jae utJ.n. :11% 3 uy oy, A. ,171“,t_t, BfitrA .r •%!..tr to in;i,t, Of i4alura ahdiy.dg ti f..ct Aly inrA4 Ly 3L r,rt, of r inou 11041'_: KA5 . Tha OffiJe of 1-.1 Ay men rjr 4hQN1 iLLAI netp:1 ?Are 8ousht Are nocery or 1.416t,hr woMt341 bt: bub-titu i. cAtLior 1:igia is 6iven ri•f The autaitutl:.:A LA6 t rook,t mIxr,h,1.1 The Locl or aftJr u Lhe n . 4) .5 blb .., frmul, by dhe :!ar Lbor o.L. o4r;.i in , im.n 'herboici form k. i;t4a..i;r:11 buisie). :;)r.Ot1 nd DicLriot Draft kii.arc;. jervic. The Elimant _ Ito United StItes Emiloyibunt c:orvioe will tsJ LUor Atort-l_o rar.arin the th,6 in-Jividial women ;:or ..lowin by '.111f, CIOA OC JAt ..)iicias by v rerine„ oibI re ioe1 . em,J/4e,tu ';:to:.rd naL shi.h In in tha -0_ i Nith .e in Ahi .. At tirouth the :bor. nA- bo th https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ,z); .o and (b) -11,1 (z) oith uae of ..Mtality L&Lor 6orio ;.:!n be of for the loa am,l)pseht ofrie 06rvib-d LQ nt1 tia•t thoy 7 -1 m, ,, in , , or-Line witt Uau itflLr LtpOr ii,loym,41L or it,forwAtios ds 7 :And in i6rt hitAb in M euLettution: rAro kec2,ontiible rovu Diroetr of as to 1.1%)...tet Likooe ,„„rovtkd n;r.ily in aa vikoy ,LAGL.UtiOrL.: %ill c the 1h -omen by Lae har ejt7 to tIcs In (3) For uti.ition in e—onti: womcn 11034 offirdoyad in em,loy3d, it is nec6c;*4ry to .,,;;rovi,j, an ar:: inu6tri:,s of mon ,:And of of ,omon c.;. ‘,11d. ito tri.kinin6 dna ctouL._1 .ution 6t:rvio6 is rencdoe for wLizh s.37 with roft:iiollb to th,., substitutionE; https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ,roauetively iha 'Irtanina; 3(3itod 11, r. Hamilton called to see you and left the following message: https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis "I have been testing weights a good leal luring the past week ard I am no longer willing tp assert to the standarl for Neights that may be lifted at intervals of froai 1 to 5 minutes tnroLlghout the lay. I am quite sure tnat instead of 5 lbs. higher than the first liAt, tne fig-ure o-10-t to be lo,ar than the first liaJit, pernaps as low as 15 or 20 lbs, arrway not 30 lbs." : te:i.bzr 3 s7i ..•.172$ • • •,. , •• t • • a • ,e to • : n • -..'t • •r • 1:1 r 1..n. • • f••••.,i)• •!. 1..7)% c.; U:1 • LI unfol Jf to- https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis UL.)11.0 • L,,i;J,.•,r 1.ft r••. 0.„. ) ca t the: it 4 . 4 ro,tuction. ?via 11` https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ' 2:7 I • e h „. I , v.ct, Et i : j ; •••t7' • !I • :I 1 .1- ' t zropagii , • L../ - t-07,61 Ltd it,1 11 •1 , ,n It. t..A ut- ht, Lt .; •I • . '1.i • ""•• i.!.. t.,•'..."-... t. •.,':—.. u.:•:!.. ' '• ,r l ,i, .- -.. t. -I ..r, :. .. 7, - i .4 .''..!, li • .1' . r • ',1 -'., ".)' '.....i7:t _if.' . .., - .-." h.. .:. th, tr: mt. . ' '.2- ;y . C' https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis • !*'.• y •t" eft. ,.., .... ., „..", , , . ,. , . ,.; ,. ..,i• i., • 4.11: 0 - thev fin . ..r, „i 1.%;;11, Lb . e.• -4' .; r.,, itu c.:•.ntr t n .:... n. ''-'•-..1 n •-• In. t'-:... .fl .t i'.. i .,. .,.',. ;. t.: 1 ;.& li :..i ,'..3•.:,.1'. • . -....f!l.' ',.. • '..:. .. . 1 '• ,fl A., -.,...1—....:; I : :ley. .11 - iDr, •• r 'x lt - tb 1 c.)yincnt rec.,amm,.mde.-3. in e-cifik :.ry f r the r th.• N 1.v1 oy th cuticr un r dm. Fe. : • n ' N. y ., • - i • _n jT ruktn 1 7' ;.• )..11 '.. ., in rl I - b.t ,.. ' • Li , ,r .. h t„ -. - ......H .;•:. u . ecc- ..:.- ') . r '.".• I. I' L ., . .......,. 6. 'A o I_ . :•,.'. - -4-1 ... ..1.1., ..J'0...7' .,.- 1.. .T. • .:. `),•-.• t. f' ..- ..1 r',. -::, , . - •. L precelinE the, istu4nce ThorouY,:h otnnjr •t https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis th, neceity far nieht work f..,r • the -somen 7t 11 al . ti115 cw-tific .tte • rhich 911c)u1 ,..1 e..ch o• un,-1.er th,3 continuer ,su,,.)orvi - ion of the llosvin inin u•'-YY z- 5 •• • iiA. t .!; '1 „ •t https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis - .I. J:: : ,, '-.4 ,r' T., H I. ...n . ..t, . t1 , 's '.. ,J :"' :.}rm-n • -:f .ii., . -I ., : J11 ' ..r,.,. l :y i74:1,4 . !Ii.' t : Y• , ...ri . - i. •, . 1 .. i '. f ',.:-'ht. .. •ir -Lc -A" .1 L n ,11. ,..: . . i 1 I.• ,-. -,..( ,• u",. ft WI 1'1,4 •-) 1.. t n 17n ver the- t up U ncce it ther3f re for ;Dint,: y -8: , Lb- awn from non-t,t_ I ;. 11 J. L f. .)y the introj.uction :7.)f r - oman, '• im2rove..1 jr *, "" t1 n•.. :),, ,,•cesrdty fr reg .cts with - certifi,- 4.44:4) , ',11 '44t 'uctic:n '41 r ir - '1 y; .L L ,, ri-,ht i Li 1, 7, -1--;:;L.'-• • t, • it, (2611, f"4 .1r1 tbic, .I Aumen m utili‘ tte. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis fic ,sit,hdr-vs,,n f l'"1,t144 sit.lain the fi,ld "i Throu,- h ,r the. •,)iittb..1* ,1/ 1. .1,.b‘,oro turnover thich will rt::',ult rr.-1,r! f vivi, I& di, 1,1.1 ,:sov woricine con At lonE Irtici..,14t- in in lui.try https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis t 1.ovember From: TO: 6, 1913. iss Jones. :Ass Van Kleeck. In connection with so.ae other work, it has co-e to my attention that both Kansas and Oregon might be considered as having night work laws. In each state the Industrial ,elfare Com.lission has forbidden women working at night, and in each case this ruling has the force of a law. I venture to call this to your attenso that, if you are not famili-r with the matter tion aid care to have me look up the detailed infor3ation, I can do so. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 14..EP.I Nir.::HT (T_, be c,nsiderel at the meeting ef the War L.abor ?eiicies Sertember 6, le18.) On kuguet 9th Ind again on Augubt :',3rd the treb..em %. of night ',sort tn. to;men in *ir industries pre3ented oy the Direct,r of the in industry Service for liacission by the 6Letr.l. I, t time No actisi :4 the adard e c,.ferencee *ith orga.niti,)ls and indiviJuds c,'cerntd. :a cencrete c'Lsee , beeil held ThePe c-nferencee. have a)) .!10 utm,,et, emergency ,u t,efDre. tie "t .- 1ent f4r decision it le im,:.ortqht th,..t the take .osri ch.Ja.1 . The drobem is 11;1- to ,:eet the imaiedite neceasity for increi.eal .:roduction thr.h through centinu.)ua 11. c-1A T.:, meet af eapiorwent of f machinery, ehile in OA Wur 6it_itian it i: ormitc Dol Letitate: system De iesuo-i to d_rtiou'.-r ?lants by tte Searet..ry )1' 4.r Jr tne e'ecret .ry ?wry thre,.. A the state aiency chars- : -Itx,r _ass ! J:,..er condition:. determin.1 in e ed.fLracent „if lasttn..e oy tas -ervico ef the Ds,::..rtleat ,f ,r1.6Jr lae. in ?rescrioed 1..ro t ti e by the PP"- https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 The attached st9.ter,lent ttv, r , 1 it t!'n scoqeest-A th•,t, it be ;;,ti t itero sueiL:este, conferonc:.es In ii,-)rki.4 out t4e have biae% held witii ri,„)resenttitives tilc Committee Ja, in IlLiustry f t,%6 Commat5e .(-)feriz;e., the .,4ty,r DiviAon Jf tho i4 ar inciuFtrieki .”hr B..)arA, tht. ARIOTiC411. F,'40r4tiOn . f y it i4 -log commAtee, j 4 ie te Committ ,e try lf Haviar..1.ou try the iN -,:v,r1 inl>istry Serv and Licsrvice, the \rmy, th4 Navy. tile vilm 1 visa'? h the NUI: ..1r.4i for irldJotry If „atoLr :, inrk:reeAent by ,ny kith Alj tao trie A itd men's ir.c ,nin ,N4ibi.atian.. t%o :111h lc He-ith IA14 14. U8 ths h-,ve Y.• uneroLsi4ii, ivks been c:.enr AstiocUti ..J1 1.4Aced L)r ,afficitti thet%, grou,A3, we b6. love these e4Jereneeo p thc reait of their ,p,rt 1,116 thiA theee :i6encies are much .:Jheernej that :.Lit:ht KJrk it.r *omen sh)uid enwo t ..it:rs the nee:t it ;8 y Thei efectiveneas A' the pian 11-edid will •'ie cAAmfui At,Intion 110 iven this drobiem. r :)e ,7qte tr r -.1 theref.ire gerkeral the .:rocedure will be that 3%; se:A the ofriee of the ..tecrot , r) ,f ,,,Jcrot .ry of the Navy, tinl the neeeEtiity for •..rntir4., the ,)erait from thu doInt of view af production will ot Jet6mitiel by the At:»rtaient cAlcerned. The itoman InAistry Service riii be https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis sae -3- charged Afith retiyonelility for Jeteraining the conditions unaer which A given plant 1q11 be 2ermittei t) employ Toillen at 12101t ,f the Ind will c‘deo an lave8ti6gtio-. to be rtntine )f the per3it. At the time rhfin thr. ,ermit is ,r nted the Oilman in Industry oervice will osirate -.2Jrc2rlate fofficial . ency to superviae the- niJit sLift for v)i.:en during tht- .)eriod %ill receive reiular reurt J1 the permit re,r1in, the c.n- tions of employalant in each plant hotiin :-,nferJnces he beer, held with the Aar .nd wi+,h tho Navy re6 .rdin the organizAion of stfft, of wJaaen ..rtments to clrry u inspectz,rs in connec÷ion xith those dep, the necessary Idminietrative idroced.Are for the gr.ntin,- of ,Jermits. A - ertment 4,-)4onie Jranch Is .ir6y Jrcnize,„: in the ...)rdneince 0 fairly well e,uldpel to hlit:L.e the wort in plants sortin on colitrots or ` .2apKrtlont, .41th.A4:h the stiff inuet be ArvIn,Leat4, enlarged. ,orob=-Lbly t,e made for.lnepections force6 in the Cuartermaster's ie .r.tment, throah the ;.re under w,4 for other ',1iviAone of the ,y In In. erofers to have the admiidstrative work done by tha tr; Servi,e for plants ork_r d will tilerefore appoint u st,af of inectore J. cJitr.cts fA the 7i:;vy on fa,ruinatior of the :chli-tn in Inf,latry L;ervice, ietsiiin AJ r .',38:-art.Lant. ti for 'uty in that Servi.:15. nJ nl.vt) yet been te for admiListratiun of the plan in u. S. pl,nt6 un.jer the jurisiicLion of the Fool Af.i2ainistratio:: or th,1 probl(Ime &hippint; board, or other fekleral departmento .111 the imaiedilte Ur_uelit to -mar attention concern the War Deboartaent nd the navy. -4— To administer the plan ,Imperl, ,tnd to review the depirt— roon,1 tiona cif the inveetigatin,„ forces in the un:ler tie n cttk!'f 1ey.11.16 it IiLO of tne Erir In Iniu,try Service. be P-ar lApor P(Jlicios i3.)ar.1 acyrovoe the eldn, Lelo:,re, it will tnI-2 ricld to r,r)vi'ri Lae noLesecLry Jore 7.1c will. _Act, of Cat, i';un in In3Istry Oervioe. ilkoly th-it in t,,iition t, reyieate for itiyo.t lit so, lr to emr=loy ,o!.t-n at n1,11* there vill oe T nuaber of r.uetz. An L.Jurs of work. ily or 1,411Dn the orn_Active pla a.ncl ttt Atuchhiery lor uarryinc it out ittrin, ea,yrency shoui hAve ,oariganont 1.11tS t, , IR zL.i1At f ,fiAectioR or for 1.6.1:01' 106i81-- Lion mi otuil eLancilz; alre%dy :Itt&iiadd iiwitItion of the nie ht 6hit to eiklit. e ual ur nd riii for a ull ,ork will be r*r uired of all ?l,trits holJing 7?,r2its, and in e pl:Ant sidecific oonditions will be eet in 4.v.uce of rtoommeu IR, te.it ?emit. . 4,a,cLere ppliconce of the princlAio These oondltio!,e will cover 4-ho t‘veL• of the houlen employwi at night, rotation or rh/fts, transport4tioa fq.cilities, installation le ulte e,u:)ervision, fcilitie ,a ni the st31eCtioi iflJ trainin of wo:len wer,7ers. unequivocal is prohiltin.- the e;,, hi!vinl now States ip factorieq 3o..en at n1.0t44re -s loilows: https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis fr he,ith, c'sztort c ntoena, fety Del‘vare, Trldiunh, ley York., https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis MassAehusette, Neemsim, Peuneyiv%nia., and W isconsin. taerefore to The it%i.r 1,abor ?olicies Jrd is aeked tached 5ttelent, inl to vote u?on the piaL outlined in the !,)_t en:.!orse ti;e adminlistrAive r roce.lu16 inoluJin the laju:Itry .>ervice toav-ke nee': flr Larger funds for the %Aan in the pito effective. he ,ectfu;_ly sAypitt-4, Mary Van Kleeck, i-ireet)r, 11man iiIndustry Jerviee ,f the U. S. 152,artaient o: (VII 'NICHT SUGt.616b bEAFT IP TfL Se?tember 6, 1918. % T) :LICItS WARD. F .."••••••••••• force of lien a rapidly increaein n.stry £r fr ry service, the urgent nation41 need T•r hAz:: led to freuent for continuous ,..)ro,luction .f munitionF nidit. re_uests fJr permisaion to employ 7q.,7ilen at ;rotx,Imi liich ii iot dequately meet the aoe 6 of ii.emA.nt,ining the necess,ry proluction, Is AAr a matter :Jf ?upiie iuor11.nce Poiicies B'ard therefore regards it to forituiAe ,;ithdrawn fegu.a.rds for r,-,41 torker6. Fr 4 the beOnni„. Jf th.6 W r it h https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis n to retx lab_r 1:1”E.;. oi employlent Lew.;.n or to ia the week :eni to lecreise r.ther th_n It is recooize% 110 that continuous women is harmful b.cu oLicy tit61 Ateradts tp of the n-,ti..)11 LHon Lt:t. ,:3:ucLion. nd unre6Aliatecl ni ht .:.rk for f its bad effect on he ,th. ref re the /ar it was 1'41114 life 111,; thr. aelfo.ro cd. children. :*orbilden by internationu tretios in th. rape .n countries. have Lau Several import nt ln1istriJ.1 states in this country prohibiting nitht work for The n.itiona..1 idministr tion lawn rort it of ths utioat im ortince thA such ,aws prohibiting nirht %oaen ehou.:: not be redea1e,1 or th th&is aner lly 'lowered. t ittàáe..i tilrouch La thJLe :itc.tes ia whica night work legal, it J.E, import nt Jt the c'inditi)ncl of employmaut ho ii be e feguarled. Pi• It has bee:, deciAei, thersfore, th_t ni„,ht ?Dr *omen in ?I;nts worki-k on c -atr cts for thr.., 3.7ri '..m.troi.:.eJ in 'di st:atE. thr)uih _ syetem ehall be rceu_tted tiethc,d, if :aly tam,ord.ry w -tr e.nergency ?emits. shoutd be dem)nstr tod !oviv.tipn fy.-141 o)n.:i4 ions pre,:cribel by t) D Eovemment be Jatermined soleiy ;Ieceseqry, the nece.7sity f.:1-• it t!)e need will be net Alth,ut by the nati)nll ,)vernment, ppreianont :Jr sweeping chmges in st,ito Labor ktws. h-nd, Lomei il t,Li:J other be orAectod zeains4 the d.nk:erv, of n .ht er2ittini, in stcitcs n:* ork t. If the necessity for the employmun: If Youl4n bet',keen the h.,ure of 10 ?.M. 8 It.4. is :lemJnstrated, ,n -J if tozking cnliA.ons stisf,:..ctory to the federal gov9rnment :, trs the SecrfAtry ,f Tcur or the Secrft-lry .?:ravel by tt,e f *.uvy, under c)ndi'ions n in Industry Servi -e of the U. S. De,Artment of L3oor, will ct,11 lu..on the st.ite agency ch:-roi 1.1th enforcement of la'or iaws to gr.:nt to t, pmrticular p -int for a :-, pecified period tPaporary w&r permit allo*in, the employmGw. ni_ht. T5ef.) ,),3r,nit6 *ill be issue:, uner the w:r poeers of tile f,.4!evil overnment. recort:1 t) in thf., in states where ni„ht Nork h - been le ily t *1 I o me under the s me reculati.7,ns bot;innin December 1, 1J18. 14,; worki:Ic on a w,r c)ntrIct % f.,r. the faders_.1 kover-.ment Alli be .tilowed.theLeafter ezi,I)y .4,-)4en itter 10 P.A. or bef re https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis a A0Ao With.4111 '1 r 9,6ereency https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis hr.-..) di "or u erviHio.1 Ina ',In ler tho ht. 'NZ r•C J bc trhze. th ,t it h 1 rt i it. ry !.,J...;rvi.e, by the t,r nsfer ,f if irt.•1 f.„r by .1n.1a&tr1 Into (16A Lat; it)C, tr1i1 ri:Ve or 14 L3 !A-1.s:: . . tAi; :• . ,- eckati.1 r td. ,...1-J: it iL b iuc 1 : iJrk hitherto ..A-0 ion th,3 .2- n1 ht 3hiftb of t;e3 .T 7,abor e:7! if,,C.:ro . r C. ..t . 1):0 the extenei:Jr., f,)1 -4.nte, r.;•/ tht. iuArLIA- 1ln—(1('Ek-Lsrit1,i1 i ,aen CLI4 ,.)ftn be oaten over the drift • I)! .; I titf Jtfl f re u'Lr.,-J,1 thut AOQOA introictd into the; ,)r)viaion ir1Q .L Lv the st4nd4rde And 4.-opards :If the 1en hall reeive e 2,I- y for e-1. pthm. uttindarJi, Gat by td,:?. fo•eral. ,i2overnment eLnJ the gttite -55, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1,At-ft,'s LIBTING WEIGHTS. The weikhts which aipiln should be per itted to life must of course vary according to the frequency of the lifting an,1 the posture of the worker; that is, whether it is necessary to stoop or whether the lifting is above the waist line, whether carrying is necessary and whether the worker is physically able to do work of this kind, whether she has been properly instructed in the way in which a weight can be lifte without injury to herself. Therefore definite standards cannot be determined which will have universal application. At no time should a woman be permitted to lift more than forty pounds, even when the lifting is only occasional. For repeated liiting twenty-five pounds should be the maximum. For lifting in/olvi stooping or other fatiguirv- posture the weiht be lees and the maximum should be determined by careful supervision by a corrpetent physici n or nurse. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Octoofr 5, 1913. In order to ciry into effect the resolutions .1na niOt or res.e t to state laws o11cieso: rd of tne " r Lttbor for tcomen, the following rocedure oall be foLlowed: 1. by Ahbre a plant consi&rs ti is confrontdc women Lts #1. emergency which con only be at by em,loyin6 E. certifict,te of emergency. iy for niOlt, it rity The Llictioflzzy be 111,de to The Secretly of tho Governof Tts, oither directly or through tLe hr nch meat ffith 4hich the :..1nt nE,F, N contrt,ct. If tht; -,eliostion shcuLd the Secretry cop) Will 00 LI, directly to tnilemitted to the br,nch of the G:Jvermrent which it Li4cars he contrLetet: vith the be tr%nsmitted to The :,bcrtotury of Ltioor Ind unothar copy in Industry Service of the Dei.artment of through the women LLbor. Ine contr%cting brtnch of the Govornment will rei,ort th6 nAure exists, 4hether EtAus of tht contr ct, whether pa emergency iI other availwols aeeuree tvve been t:ken to meet the emergency, Aid whether it recommence issuing e certificAs rmIttin -Aoman to work at night. Dr:noh of the Govrnment y rhe contr cting iso lAtt,ch to its recommt,n %ay oth9r informeLtion such, lor last:me, s invti t ion tions of Pim https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis th,nt id surrounding conditio, which it av4 hk.ve cused 4. it i uncretood that the women i Industry e'rv,cE- the Fe 4 artment of LaL-or, tke established st-miards in working conditions with which f, ,i-nt must comjy before • 1 L,e, fr rttitting Aomen t r..,comacndLtion ork • t night. In or(ler to t(-rtin ILethsr bush ot ndrde by:Let, th. t,omen In ln'uitry t • cvtigt ctory thc invetits.tions rE.com- nations of tilt., contr:ctinE br.nch of the 'iovt, rnment submitting Gnt:v, rt aEst AditionFl informration. ! contrf:ct - nt brnch .f the Govrnmnt to ,retcribing thi)ir chLrctk,r coo (Tot., uest the further investie tions so,ye, cr Invite such uecLrtxent to :Aich invetiA7Aion with 'Lac F. valCk. it (L. y r on in Industry 6;.,,rvici;. .t iF Ine6rstood the %mon In :nuw.try my otal on othiJr br.riches of tho Govc.rnment, such as The Wpr Industries acrd, for inform,tion. 6. tion comparing the conditions r:scertAned with the pfrescribed stundz,rds Tho Eecretry ofLabor, thrwa6h the Women in Inuustry Eo3rvice Kill notify The Socrt-ry ofWPr th- t he :-,proves or disroves of _emitting women to vork at nirht in th,4 t c,ncerned. 7. If the tacte clisclueea wrr,nt IsAuing a. ccrtific,te ofemekgency ,.ormitting -komen to work A night, Euch certificate will be issued to the :.c . i. ro,riste :oody in the iocAeu nd n which the idtnt is notice to th&t, effect will be sent to the stAe officer oixitod•nd ;ctino . for the Federi U•v. rnmont In such Lc..ttrb. Po& https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis • Tat krtlacete .f emergency %hen isbued will De for definite newais uithin thc (i4ration of -,,ho t,ite 9. If out,ined for reueut for ren original re uePt. itb ro,uept en.duld ctrtific,te A' emergency through E district office of a ,,roducUon district of the Govf.rnment, ,nd it will be Inraio&ted to ,1%nts th ,t kberever ,ossibis the re iut.tEt thJuid bc madt thr..ugh such ::istrict ,;ffice, the rb 46et t$hail De vent t;, thf_ Czcletc:ry .1) v12'. rf:Juction Llvisiun. Tho .tiu.:oze; of thse . roviolon6 57.1;4 the necci,see,ry eroduction ol• needed .w.c 'oout i.71rE,ency tlat the shate time, to surr,und women por,in night tIth tho aLfegu;:rds tWAt exi,erience htA2 shown to t)c f ,roof will be titan th lb pitzt to bhow th,,t such n4ht n6cac.ely. ,,rise in w hich it is umierstood th . 1:;6 L',eczotHly ,)f War *otild De cclied u ,n to iscue aura" riiy L. certifictte :f ol.,rgency %h4cre delay intoritte to _,.iting u. -41 sn investigttion would inpril the wAional int:-.4est. ,ch certificate Air be effective for not Isner th,,n ',Y) d,ys. 7%is rocodurs -tireed Octo5,-,r 3, .1' 4. 3y saes Van Aleect, fle,reefInt&Uve noen in inauetry .1;ervice, 3y Major Gitchell, tive nee Ue,ertmtnt, 3, ilujor iully, Ee i .r.-cnt.t:ve ,ffic:,t of tho Secret.ry of 'P-r. 4111, WAR ID EPARTIVI ENT, WAS H I N GTO N . October 5, L918. kaiseVn Kleeck, Director Tmen in Imlust Del), rtment •if Labor, Solth(,.rn Building, C. Washington, Y7 Deli- Miss Viin Ueeck: :dth refp,rnce :.q.1 enclosing hereikith a cozy f the 1--ocedure u2on by tu niht work for women, which ixoeedure vt. s agreed held on yourself, Major Gitehell, %nd myself, t confc2rence Thurscl),y October 3. I *ould a.")reciute https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis n acknoiCledgement. Fc.ithfully y urs, 4+)( Tully, F. Nt)jor, Ordnne U. S. DetE,iled to Office of Secretry of nr. WAR E 1='ART" M E WAS H IN GTO N. October 2, 191. idary Van KleeA, Director Women in Industry, Departnent of Labor, Louthern Building, :;ashington, D. C. Dear iiss Ian hleeckj I have outlined a procedure form that I hope will reconcile the differences, and woald like to go over it with you And am enclosing a copy. Will you be good enough to look this over and. let me have your opinion preliminary to a conference with yourself, Ya:or Gitchell, and Lir. .frankfurter. Yours very truly, i. W. Tully, Z.ajor, Jrdnance G. A., Det-iled to 0 fice of z)ecretary of War. y, ø A--; /..„, _ /44‘44, /z-tA Pfr‘k , r /764./ avY0 on/1/v P144 (y rnt\I irki4 https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis vi/iA 2f21-ci 7-v‘t‹/)/ tt kvve444,, tt.04, , " 7 A7A4 At 74-7- P- https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 2* 1913. Aagy ,L Direetor Ammon in indwatry, Dovirtment of !,abor, touthern 3an4it/4g, 'a 3nin4iOas D. C. Dear .iLise Van i:leeeks I balm outlined a procedure form ta•A I hope will reeoncile the differeasees mad vault like to so over it with jou Jvi an eaclesiag a OM* Will yon imp good enough to look this error aad let as har0 your optalos prolimin.,my to a confers*** with yourself, Nit,:or Gitchell* rind Mr. fruttfart,-r. Tours very trttly. j. •141.4* .iajor, drdsLuice • ,„ Dot tiled to 0 ficc of ..ecrets.ry et -dar. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis In :rder to c.rry into eff(ct the f.ree;ing res— olicies ;Joi,:rd Aith resct to ettte 1%ws olution. of th no niOat wor.N. for womon, tht fo—Lowik . r,ceciorr.! Ail be fAlowed: :qaere a .-L.IF,nt considers it is c..)nfronted by a vra* emer,-ency vhich c6n Ally be met by es,Joyini; w -Jmen r ly f-Jr t nlEht, it may cereifiette of emergency. The t elication two/ 16 M d6 to The Secret ry uf 7o,r, tither directLy or through the brnch .f the GJ,,:nment *ith which the 4Alit contr:,ct. 3. Secrt ry if tue a l—liceti:41 should ';)(2 m Lie direAly t The r WAr, . copy sill De transmitted to the bvtnch .f the Gov.ramcnt *hich ,t k 'ears h contncted Nith the coidy will be tr,,nsmitted t3 Sacretery in Induatry rtmeftt of the 1 nt, nd another f 4&bor thiJugh tho womrtn Tht3 contracting brnch of the GJv rftp..(,,nt :ill reiort on the, n,Aure ,nd tt“tus of the e&er6eucy oxicts, .Nheth,-r &,11 othilr coati, ct, ,40thL: mez.,,surss hrve Deen t Kan coomende issuii mg Tho contr b to meet the emorgency, certificate ,,ersittimg women br,J1ch of the G3vernment aby also recommendAlon , n) other inform,.tion auch, Aieth6r it re— work c.t, night. tt"ch to its tftet..nc6, tig.tione of the ,l,nt -nd surroundilv cinditions, fi;,ich it sic.y 1- ve cilueed to be mtde. This inforwatiom communictted tocthe Women in LiLlustry Service of the Dezt.,rtmeftt of LAbor. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Into off, ct the f reg.;ing f66.- rr t. IL LA, te .ith th41 "?.r oiutiJn ,Aidie v,i10 od: rAlec.;,iru .no nic;ht por4 Ln. aommn, the fo,lowin, s ;lAnt considers it is 0.,tnfrJnted by t!, w,or t night, it may emer6eney which 0,41 )nly be met by emf loyini: woaLen cereificiAs of emergency. ,ly far The %i.,Iicbtion may be a de tu The Selret ry caf Whr, ,. -tther direntLy ;)r throuth the brf4nch ,f the G..m.rnment *ith valich the ,htnt la.1, A contr:.ct. sh-Juld be ivde cir0 tiy if tu- r '4ar, ecrtt ry De trAasmitted to the brtnch co:y h c.1 .y *ill be transmittod TLa 6ecr t ry Siervic- of tut: rtment f nother th4.,ugh tao f bor. .A:othrr ,n emr,rgency exirts, *,hether ott.x.n The contracting br,nch of the Gov rir,ent Nill re.,ort on the wIture miures heve been t- icen the nt, contrk.cted Nith the Gov_raztnt xhich it in in-iustry The ttLtus of the othEor „v-il.ble to :Lust taa ea,,rgency, *.heth6r it re- .,rmitting .oman to tork tA night. commend& issuo.ng a certificate ., contr,oting brnch of the GJvernment m6y nig() tt'Ich to its recommend:Alvan btAwr inforwAtion auch, tig tiom of the ,.L,,nt c4kIsed t, bc m*cle. :flat;:nce, 41,14)r nd sarroundik c,nditions, which it mby h,.ve Tuis inforahtion wiii .-.4e communicated Utthe Women in Miuetri Servioe of tills De.;,..rtment of i.g4;3cr. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis f rtg:Ang see— t,J c-rry into off, ct 10.41,oct olution, of Mu, no nOat tv.,;,re;. for *omen, the Th.doaint, al6le 4 ,i.nt coneidre it is confronted by a w r Th6 .L„kication Secrethry Lac L'3'.1ret ry ogi m , de -ither directLy or throuth the brKrich Z. t alkht, it nie!..y emorgency. cereifiote the *At h.t t)o baly be set by emiloyinc omerency 'xhich etz,te l?'we f tht, Gov rment xith which cuntr:.ct. tiy t If the er.liciatin :511,uld, be mf:de The f Warp t oo,4 *ill he tr ne,litted to tho orach .1" the GOV amcnt *hick it ti,i,ehre h cAltmcted orith the ',1nt, (.1.) y xlil be trf.namittod to riecr,,t, ry in in_uetry i rtz'Ant 'rvie, Qf the L.o , oc.44,211 of the Gov rament nlil rt.; .ort On f ad %hotter thiough tho 'tomorn —u,r. Th..5 contru.cting Lhe fl/Ave 41d titiAue of the .a eamrgenoy e;,itts, t,,hetil%r c,Aitr aleurtIm h,vo ueen tAten to moot Lao ,1-i.,..!hcy, ric; luither it re— commend& Jests.; ftig tit certificate ,,ormittind :4,men to *ork night. ,ctine br,..nch of tha Government may also Thc contr, its tt:ch f..notx...nce, recoomen0.tion hay 4:Mot inforao.tion euch, J#iii tig .tion:.2 of the ,14.nt .nd aurroundik. c nditloam, *Lich it may hqva I'lTZWbe little. This informAion Women in IlLustri Scrvice s;1" cemmunietted taltho Le:'rtment 4f L,bor. ov)uttWOWr To , qw r:nwopwApQ QTATF0 : - 11,,Aii0 MANUFACTURING WAR .s -)r OMEN IN 'LANTS 'ORK CF RODUCTS FOR nqF F.EDERAL .10V,RULNT. increas*ng force of men i cit,hdrwn froa inc..uctry 1.+,ry service, the urgent nation%1 riLd for continuDus duction of rnunitiun.-, of fretiuent re .tiL;sts for ininsion to epi by 'omen at night. re..:Lrd:F.! it as a. m?,t -Le.,r of The W,r L'-zbor roer- 3ofird therefore ublic im ortnce to formullte, TA11 adequately meet the needs of dr o'iuction, while alaint...inirie; the necessary s.afeguard;7: for women worker. From the binning of the ,:- .overnment to hours of -Kork it is boon the ooee c.,hort-i6hte.c1 C ent ts to rlax 1:.;.bor ts. onc nd emidoyment :even dys in the we(k tend to decree rather th9n i,ncre.-4.ce production. LLiiUic*.t1U olicy of the It is recoEnizd also that continuous aieht wcaiii. for v;Omtal. 11,Araful ' 3efore the wsr OtiOdAlbe Of iLe U.A1 thc -e.:1-farr of cv.111 ; -arm. forbidden by international tre-ties in the Euro ,e di countries. country have laws Several im2ortant industrial tats in tin ronibiting niht •iork for women. It is of the utmost importance tirtt ;-uch Laws :rohibitin, night work of 1+,omen .-hould :lot be reJealf3d or the st attained through tnem thoe 3t,,tP5 in 7hich nit:ht work j conditions of emeloyment of IA OMSn eL, it j hou1 d In im ort-..nt that the be furth,- 7 It hes been decided, thErefort, that night work for 'omen in Plant_ 1,t_ntt.d https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis n3 o7kini- on contract7 for thE Federal. f,r ed lie: in the v- rnment :houlcl be ower of ,4,nt. 3ovi:rnin,-;nt to ?r, v-nt 1-4it t u on official rut of the Secretary of War r the Secretary of N.v L bor Lhrough the be WOMan niLti n- in Ineuctry Service. the form of e certific te to the that a wlr eaiergency time. A ,lov d by thG "ecretlry eech re:;ueet should reJer et Le officiele , eclering rieen in a particular 1 ,c; for ,,articular 3y this methed, if ..eny t:m orlry devie.tion from conJitione scribed by lem -Lou A bs eemenstrated to oe neceeeery, the necseie for it will be determined eolely by the nation2L 6overnment, cend the need will be met without 2ermanent or swee:int chant;es ,n etAe laws. Furthermore, women will be - rotect, d 4, ,inRt the e.ntrere of ni ht ork in st tee now letally ,ermittirv it. If the neceseity for the em,loyment of eomen bete en the heurs of 10 P. M. and 6 A. is dewonstrated, Ald if workint; conditione ssetisfectory to the feeeriel eovernment are esteblished, the Secretexy of ';,ar or the oecret—ry of the N,vy, uneer concitions a_),roved in 'Avtnce in each inctence by the Wo-, n in Industry Service of the U. ,. Deeartment f L :Dor, IctLnL for t'A. ry of Twtbor, wil c .11 u,on the rtate ei,ency charLed with enforcement of labor le,ws to grant to a articular )1Ant for e e:ccified period a tem-orsry wIr certific te aloring the emAoyment of ro-nen at night. iseued un er the Theee certific tee . 111 he ower: of the federal Lov-rnment. ehere niJat rork has been legel.y reForted to 'he ),Eet ei unier the seme rqulatione beginnine Drcember 1, 1918. an '111nt in Ft t comu No „lent .oreint war contrext for the feeerel ,ovcrnment will ee o.lioved taer-eft(r to em loy eomen after 10 P. M. or before '. without e - er mers tncy certific ,te. Thorough investigation receding the iseumce of the certific te will determine the necessity for night work „end each •etAe ichment https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ' 11 .or 1 'or.n in Inimstry Service of tae ue artm nt of .,,bor 3r ,f 4-;ency de3ignat-d by it. In thc -nforcement of the reLulAiJn3 thk, -ecured in I:le AorkinE cut of thiE, J-In. wQ14 a 004•611 Cad 11.4 . oftion LJ of .lant, by Lhe It r,hf;uld be <,,m h-izod tw-toymtml., avviatiu oy men -orvico, by 4110rip .n from non- the tr,.nifer pf L., ,1r- qy it co3,Jer;tion .f st,te ajencies wi . be soudit, uattt -)f the wier tae continued _1.1 ervis on c-rtific t ,:nti.1,1 iniJu3trieE, by tht rluroc'uction of an iniustry into m' E, Dy careful riistribution of contrictf with ,ue regArd to the loc. ,1 labor Certific,te rovtc: 311,ply or by aot -, uffice to incre e iethodt- it is cluar taz,„t will not be ,r .ntod un,.oss 6 ,roduction to rosecution of the t-r. the _oint itianded for ta lant holdint.; a (,ertificate will be required to Limit the employment of Roman e ch j•,,y or niL,ht to shifts of cif_ht lourb 10 -3, Ind rotAiag )e ra,uired the ,ifts Ail ith the bt.,ndard - an fvrcb https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis JOnt ab 611#0 nitherto other st-nd,rd' ay for 8,,u.A.1 6overnment and the st te iabor 3ourd, including WarCIS of th rovision that Aomen introduced 5nto receive eual Full com liance will be encour..4.Ed. . :ne by men .h111 by th. -P'Ller%.1 certific te will 3e continued in qvAulitu 61,,mvaurdb AAInu,anua. September 19, 1913. !4P1ORAN1XUM For: 7 olicies Board. Mr. Felix Frankfurter, Chairman, WIr Labor ' Fro a: Miss Van Kleook, Director, Woman in Industry service. cation Subject: Procedure in dealing with requests for certifi to employ women at night. The essential features of the ulAn for controlling night work as endorsed by the War Labor Policies Board are as follows: ract "If in any plamt Norki qg on a contract or subcont finds Wavy, the or ent rapartm War for the Federal Government the aril six that the emplovont of *omen bet en the huurs of ten P.74. ry of Secreta the war, the of A.M. is necessary for the prosecution ent employm of ons conditi War or the Secretary of the Navy, under Service of the recoduended in each instance by the Woman in Industry Labor, will of ry Secreta Federal Dapartment of Labor acting for the of labor ment •nforce transmit through the state agency charged with of women at ent laws a temporary sar certificate allowirg the employm night in the particular plant for a specified period." According to this plan the necess!try procedure will have two main divisions: 1. Determination by the Secretary of War or the Secretary of n. Navy of the necessity for incraased production in the plant in questio 2. Determination by the Woman in Intnstry Service acting for retry of Labor, of the conditions of employment to be required. In lity of lth 1 44.12dii thorough consideration will be given to the possibi of men over the avoiding night shifts of NOMOn by such methods as employment other draft age or unqualified for military service, the release of men from into industries, the extension of plants, the introduction of industries managenow areas, the employment of tAo day shifts of women, improved plant ment, or by a careful distribution of contracts with due regard to the local labor wmpply. To curry out this plan and policy the folio viz be neeessary: https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis steps appear to -2.. 1. The plant will file a request for a igUTj4wiT of the Secrotary of War or the Secretary of tne Navy. 2. The officers representing ths Secretary of War or the Secret:try of the Navy in industrial relations will at once ascertain the nature and extent of the contracts witn the federal government hel4 by the plant making thn aprlic;.tion. 3. At the same time ths Secretary of War or ths Secr'ytary of the Navy will trams...It to the Woman in Iniustry Service, representing the Secretary of Labor, a copy of the plAntis anplic, .tion and a statethent of the nature of the contract* (to enable the Woman inIndustry Service to Infer in what occupations the NO0011 aro employed in the plant) .And the Division or Bureau having the contr:4cts (to enable the Woman in Intustry Service to plan co-o:eration in making the investigation). 4. The Department or Bureau havilig the contract for the fulfillment of which the request for night .4ork is made, will be asked by the office of the Secretary of lar or the Secretary of the Navy to file a statement of the progress of the contract and its necessity from the point of vieN of production. This statement should also include a statement of the capacity of other plants manufacturing the same products and the possibi/ity of uti/izing tnem in such a wiel as to avoid night shifts for women. statement of the possibility 5. The War Industries Board will be asked for of meeting the situation through the policy of dealimg with less essential induatries in such a may as to release „Lore men workers through conversion ti other plants to the meamfacture of the required proiucts or through a cb.,nge in the 41stribution of contracts for these proclucts. 6. As soon wa the request of the plant end the data about the Divisions having contr,Acts have bimen transmitted to the Woman in Industry Service, the Director of thiA, Servize will outline the essential facts needed, ascertain tat& already on fil* regarling this plaza, and request the appropriate Divi•ion or Bureau to .aake imostisation of ;forking conditions affecting waarn in order to determine whether the plant has demonstr4tod the necessity for night :met of women fruit. the poirt of vie of problems of savloy..ent es distinct frow proiuction of the working corditiors already prevailing, and what standards wad safeguards should be established if night shifts are recoirended. In designating the Divieion or Bureau to 4,..ka tha investigation the policy of the WOWITA in Industry Service will be to call on the Division or Bureau having contract wherever that Bureau is equipped with a force of maim inspactors of 1-411or conditions. The recommenA4tions resulting from this ineestitation and the r3cts outlicod in it Aill form the basis for disc:laic* by the Secretary of Labor LLepresented by the Woman in Industry Service. 7. The entire plan will desirable to develop a field Service, but at all times it lepartli,ant vitally concerned https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Do subject to change if it is found possible Sad force under the direction of the *moan in Industry 4ould be the policy to coonerate with every other in the problem. -3- 8. The Woman in Industry Service 411 notify the State Departent of Labor that the request is unier consiaoration and will wherever possible associate the State Department with the Federal reprosent..tiv• charged with responsibility for the iisrestigation. 9. It may preys lesirable to ask the State Departnient of Labor to hold hearisgs at soon point in these proceedings according to the Tiethod wissix alrealy followed in+lassachusatts by the War 54ergency Industrial Coa...ission. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Mary Van Kleeck, Director Woman in In:in:try Service. .11=ia.solo DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD WASHINGTON , i';iiss Van Kleock, Women in Ihdustry Serviue, • Southern 1314., 15th and H Ste., Dear Miss Van Kleeck: Here is a statement with refeleae to Night Work which Yr. 1-1J.mi1ton wrote uk after our conference on Friday. • https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Sincerely, (.1 Re-etirch Consultant iUdL ot.RK FOR AOMEh The following suggestions about matters in the memorandum entitled "Regulations governing night work of women in plants manufacturirg war products for the Federal Government" are submitted for what they are worth. inqujries thal dogwatic opinions about policy. They are rather If the war is protracted, the extensive employment of wolTen in night-work wil) doubtless beoome imperative here, as it has abroad. But the human values involved are so high that the pre- sumption must be against it, the burden of making out a case must fal uon its advocate, and it must be allowed orly under the most carefully prescribed conditions. I. Necessity for nit work. It may well be that at present conditions de- mand a limited removal of the prohibition upon night work of women. However, there is nothirg in the memorandum under consideration to prove the case. In this docu- Fent A. The case for night work 1. is based upon the following considerations: The increasing need for labor based upon the unsatisfactory status of the ordnance program. 2. The threatened revocation of prohibitory laws by state 3. The desirability of securing control by the federal govern- legislatures. (qept of night-work by women in states with no prohibitory laws. B. It is evident that the real case lies in the first of these Gansiderations. As an argument it is inconclusive for the following reasons: 1. figures are not given. It is a general and unsupi orted statenent. The general situation is not presented. Facts and At best, only the failure to secure an adequate supply of munitions is shown. 2. The recommendation doea, not grow out of an adequate analy- sis of the present status of ordnance production. real to be questioned. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org 5 Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis The shortage of munitions is too But evidence is accumulating to indicate that the malady is ilight Work. L. a simle device such too acute, too comprehensive, and too deep to be reached by as the one proposed. pallative At beet the employment of women at night is a aere which does not touch the deeper trouble. It is an easy and slovenly sacrifice fa cated problem. of an important value to escape analysis of a compli 3. Nothing in the memorandum indicates that alterative plane considered. for wecting the situation have been adequately These include, among labor turnover in munitions indthces, other things, a reduction of the high yte of non-essential industries (300,000 the use of laborers soon to be released from t of the unions who object to the are soon to be released), the holding to accoun meeting the emergency, etc., etc. proposal for devising a constructive plan for 4. ve The memorandum does not indicate that the administrati inspectors, of fixing standards for difficulties of Cinailg adequately equipped and of getting devices installed determining when night work is to be permitted, of women workers on night shifts and arrangeuents made for the proper safeguarding can be adequately met. 5. This device as a means for meeting the ordnance situation contains one fundamental contradiction. The conditions which seem to make night in specific work by women necessary are general; yet permits are to be given only of The general responsibility for conditions rests with the organization show that ordnance; yet permits are to be only where the local manufacturer can se-ro,ity of of labor, which can be obtained in no other way, stands in the way efficient production. This :Almost implies that this device is used to avoid facing ese>ential difficulties. II The Administrvtion of Nig4t Work. If, after careful and thorough permit limited consideration, it is deemod of.), ential to the munitions program to kniped hsdged night-work by women, the r_dministn, tion of this proposal should be h.bout with some such proposals https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1. bS the following: -work by Thu general principle is to be no night omen. Permis- 3. Wight sion to exception, not as the :roman on qight-work is to be r3garded as an UP federal contracts, in the 41 rul=,. This is to apt ly to all concerns holding such work as well as in the 7 which st.,tes which do not have laws prohibiting have. 2. on of night-work for Concerns in states which have no prohibiti not to be permitted to continue unwomen and which have been employinic them Lre rajiir3d of concerns in i-t-tet. prohibit4 lesr grnted permisl,ion on the conditipqs ing such work. 3. neces:'ity of night-work In every case the burden of proving the for *omen shall be upon the employer. 4. is proved that In no cP.se shall a permit be issued unles' it has been used to find mta every effort has been made and every available device to supply the, labor shortage. the plant has been 5. In no ePFe shall a permit be issued before Ettilem IlE;pecteA and conditions of work carefully studied by a personal r(4)re.lent of Miss Ven 6. Recommendations for permission to Use women in night-work are to be made by Miss Van Kleek alone. 7. Permission to use women in night-rork in every instance shall the be withheld until arrangements shall he perfected for properly safeguarding health and morals of the women so employeA. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Ph- t,ber i3, TO THE GOVERNORS OF ALL arIELt P?CnATITr GOVERNING NYIHT. VAR .'ROAJC: IN ..IANT FOR THE F.eLERAL Te tnereasing witharawal or men fros industry cou lm-7 with th enormous ex lin .. 4i:)n of the war .,roram h for the more exteneive emAoylent cretf?A the im,JerAtive necessity '.romen in the et'.ecntil in ustrieL- 16 their numrperf, inc,ese while tAe the de Artmen'l t:)vern.ment riApoeiole for the co-.duct o o,erktions f,,rc confronte em_loy-: suL.,ly of non wor;cer5 with the .r-ole.m OS 7ermittin: ,,somen to he ni ht 'hifts in :lints 41achinery to fit..n con - lquous ?rouction Lr ,uired, 04.44.4G4vV, idle with the ..maa4110.—oe0-#644 of &.uffering .;•ur forces to so into the field un Rec.gniin ,nl un er—atunitionsu. the threat of .,ermanent imp4irxent Jr) unrolls, the War Labor t' labor star,,ti ,ohich e,,0 tt while oetin. aie..4uteiy tn( necedA.ty f c)r. imeditt Pro, r rotluction, will or Ao;42§,,,n From the beginailv of the tr, it https://fraser.stlouisfed.org S .— Reserve Bank of St. Louis Federal rt ?oli1 441c,itlAilq, ies regarls it as a matti i‘‘ of the higho;:t :.ublic ix ortcince that it shall formulate maintain the neceo!,ary military cen .olicy of thi: • overnment it(t7 ^ hOU ' r- n z bf: t h • . of chilci.ron. ta,. ? Before the in . in Eurl:ez,n intern ni ,ht in It j 3y t itrirAic 14.1 J.v..)r 31 la,hich it .n. th€ unif j; Ars of.:•.tifrit thr•ou - -;•ition.* rTinforc(--, inc-e - int; tn,t, evi(lencf-• e n )f ty, is of the utmost im.:3ort.,.net th'it 11,t th 1. LlCr n ktxtueli for fir sightP.1 .)11.C,/ 3.11,,t be -Iev.veu t1HO in the light the irirve mijority of utltee the em;1o3rment of women ‘t https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis bt h bEc„.u.-_,:s of' it 1W- L D .L.aec th in ti. n• 1.- n‘7,‘r ''7.1`0,ject to tygel,ition. f Lct t.a:t in neith,:r Irre.,-,/e0..ivk: of the nece:-:ity _ 1' n t h y • ;; u in • ',•••• . r.ytc1i r1 tri .1 tU. i . • )uin - ,- f in t• in u n I'.1 to tial ney -•!"'f • ju t. i••h )r) - • .Tictin, . n t un r C ..UE tA • -- ; 4-, ).; •Dy *kL • - .ti .);1 ;t, .. DE.:•tvv(.4,,-; 4.,h th, tr, i- n s. hour- of , 9p)crt, ry t e. Jvcr went comen t thc.. em.,loyishnt, f )r the ,n fIci.r or th, c3n l- ition -.- of 3l loyment recommr;n:!er! in e https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis If in iny iL th.. (.; ivy fin th ; • —nrtre4- , r, cdf th N vy, un nce Dy th r in — : thf 7 e. • , rt+ th n4ht in A t t un the rhitio s hlvin •Dwer .7 : 41: c ..r the :-tat,73 -t.cIfi, rtioul,,r - 1.1nt for cAel ia - - .r7u r e ulAtiory, 1.-g%.1-,.11n7 night vc,ric Lh.pu • re,uirin6 th•A the -1‘5 .•rnh1.-.,.it Dv_ ni ht h nrin No fir,t, 1 len emerency h - r1tixl to tiv• ,.:,,c1 , 'De tn ni. ht .rte cn, contr t ft, • c)1 t.i r trt : N,Amy will be r tout .r t1tUflCy ccrti!ic;tt. Thorouh invetipltion precelinE the 1sEu3nce of 2.ettE-rmin th necenity f-2r ni ht work anj the F., f tuat-L3 ii ri.1 f,•T- the :cmcn om7loyc-, e:mit https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis caystifielte will which should 'De Ei.ch 11 be un..er th.!• continucw Tu)ervi-ion of the Womln inl,eustYY Dy It. • •. t.--` • 1 cfi • th ht • C.:. • j-t :•• 1 + t 'iL' t „Li . .; . h .t Lac. 7r:K in ;:ne t r. .•h rntt •oir., men me ww.k :ff,ik-ht hour,. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ot a DT. ni,./it to rot..ting shift,- will be encouraeed. th or-ntinued in force on:y certificate UTui:Y it hh al ...a_ +- .y.,'ht it h•Lt3 oflen ita)rictic^..ble - f i%n -vcr th Full Di Int, ho:. -Lbor I crier. le ./. hetdth, c•++!..t..t,y• intit c(,•rtlf•telto -011 civth , ch.di i re.;•-•:uire2 with th. comfort flem-Lnce' in the St Lt. bZ't ,-.d•-,nt contort, y tir• fe,.,. er .1. :Jverr,:zwit, the (..c7 1.1.-ince will b Lfl t1 con,.itiim - ft th ur u:lifi nece sity th fcr y •-• `La-. -4-p-..;‘_4-,4- • r :c• , L,: n °al n.„1:1,..400.404v44.-irr.t: in U. t.i9 tho 1ntro2uction y hift of jr 1nupi i• Dy imr n n . t.r tMent iii en.e.kvor -t1:7so to minixiize the nece::::.'Lty c-treful .7 121 .- :1-11)ution of contr .cts 13.1th --lue reg.:J-1 to tiv7., .17c.‘.-.!1 labor It .3r kvel oelieved that thie while fri6eting thc net: in -di th- c.ry ' in I V* , • int ni,ht thApir c,merLe.ncy; ),vill tlzit t.L.) thf, •..1.1 • t, i • th(. 111-vt *ill render it cert -Ain 4.A thit )- erioJscIL_Aa.4,,ayet, 14, throw_n tne 1-.oar f& cli(-7t,ributionof .1t,h.ir• from ot3er tnc ,3!tt,,r tithin the fivilci --r.)-1.ucti,)- n '11' L tiequate.ruFh Hjijntjfl cf 1..-Aolr turnover which tNill ru1t fr 1\ the it(!o i)tion https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis thc wore r. ivI the zation y d12irtici,;-, .rit- in in..1u:A.ry https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -7- Mess.a.ge from Sirs. jead by teLephone. sohn, addressed to he hts rJceived memonAndum signed by Maj. Posen Itted Se,,teolber llth, kNhich reads as follows: Major Gitche. Subject: 1. Bequests for Lxemption from otate uabor -aws. nce De iartmert, AA such apjAcations involving the Ordna shalL refer to the n md Jrdn'Ance Office for detailed informatio r.cormAendation. 2. tions of Upon rceipt of the findings J.nd racom.endi invoLves the employment of the A•dnulce Dffice, Nhere the matter the Director of the Woman women, pa.per.9 wi L then be frwdrded t') tions, this course being in Industry Service for her recoaaenda wi:1 be applied in deciding pursued in order that the eume principles do dine with branches of questions of such application ni)t, Jn,y in branches of the ,:overnrdent. the Drdn.l.nce Department but alsoany other https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis September 6, 1918. TO IF ISSUED lY SUGGESTED DRAFT OF STATPTNT ON NIGHT. 73RK OF WOMEN THE WAR LA3OR POLICIFS BOARD • from inAs a rapidly increasing force of men is withdrawn need for continuous produstry for military service, the urgent national nt requests for permission to duction of munitions of war has led to freque regards The War Labor Policies Board therefore employ women at night. a program .!;h'ch will adeit as a matter of public importance to formulate maintaining the necessary quately meet the needs of production, vile safeguards for women workers. policy of the From the beginning of the war it has been the Long relax labor laws. government to oppose short-sighted attempts to the week tend to decrease rather hours of work and employment seven days in It is recognized also that continuous and unthan increase production. e of its bad effect on regulated night work for women is harmful becaus en. health, morals, family life and the welfare of childr Before the war an countftes. it was forbidden by international treaties in the Europe prohibiting y Several importwit industrial states in this countr have laws night work for women. It is of the utmost importance that such lairs pro- ed or the standards attained hibiting night work of women stiould not be repeal trough them lowered. In those states in which night work is 10711, it is furLher imporant that the conditions of employment of women should be safeguarded. in plants It has been decided therefore, that night work for women ment shouB working on or in connection with contracts for the Federal Govern and be prevented so far as the exigencies of the war situation will permit ary of will be authorized only upon the official certific.)te of the Secret https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis RiPiRT JN (T, be considered at the meetin6 of the War Labor Policies Board on September 6, I_18.) On ilaw_13t 9th and again on August 23rd the problem t, of night 4ork for ,,,;;Ien in wIr industries ;_s, presented by the Director of the ':oman in Inlustry Service for liscussion by the Labor PolicieF )ol•rd. y thE, Board s. re aested conferences -with oreanizPtions and indivijumis t 01-t time pen vitslly corcern(d. No —cio Thee conferencec have n),- been held ,nd ,s concrete c'tss Lf the utmost omereency are ow before the De2artnent f,r 'ecision it is import,Int thA the -2Jar shou.d t!fire to ,heot the LL.,161'1,e nece,:sity The prob,em is h ,)rc ext,pnsIve eayloydlent of f'or increase Jad throu6h (2ontinuous -) (, preventinr the r, US6 of n* ht of Jvailab,e maLhinery, while olk f3nd at tho name ti e regulatin& the nit;ht shiftE, of -,;omen in )1.1nt: olorki materials in ststeJ w—r hLve no lawc against ni..ht Nark. To meet this situation it is suggeL,te. that a system of war permits be instituted to De issued to particulox plants for specified periods by the Secretzry of War or the ...iecrct.ry https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis of the INVivy thr_Al a the state a, enci charg. labor Laws .'?ith edforce.st,nt of un,,er conditions determin a in e ch by the in Iniustry ,, I ervico of the De)t-!rtment of Labor And in conformity ,A.th standards prescribea fro A—r Labor Policies Board. tide to ti e by the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -2- The attached statement Gxplxins the procedure and the resons for it, 411 it is sugErested that it be i8sue by the Board et this ti4e. In workine, out the plaa here suggested, conferences have been held with representatives o: the Codimittee on ?'omen unci. f National in Industry and the Wour-.Lnis Committee .f the % Defense, the .,abor Division of the war Industries 3oard, the ear Labor Board, the American Federation of u‘tbor, es mcial y its .)n aomen in Industry of the ,eeisl - tive committee, tne DepartDent of L4aeor, tUe Cowitt-e on Hazardous Occupations appointed : the Public Health by the Wodpn in Induotry ,;erv ce, r,-presentint :nd Service, the Army, thr, Navy, the bure.0 of c'tandards, the Pennsylvania B_ard of i,abor and Industry, the National G.insuilleres i,eague, the National ';1 men's Trait) union eague and the Americ:In Association AlthJugh we have n, t aLiced for official for ,,abor the rezsult of endoree.uent ey ,ny Jf theso grou,-,s, we be leve these eInferericeo f,eing. %a unierstandin__ o) their p,Irt of the proble,a it has been clear in A. the conferences that tiese -,encies are much concerned that nibht wort fr ',omen Alould not be ,armitted except vaere the need for it Is fu y ,e.hionstr?ted. The effectiveness of the plan pr000sed will .1e)edil uoon its -Iministration beee iven to this problem. and c2reful. ,ttenLion h s kiherefore In general the i‘ocedure will be that re(luests 'or permits All DO sent to the office of ths L'ecret4ry of War or the Secret,ry of the Navy, and the neceEsity for _ranting the permit from the point of view of production will be determined by the department concerned. The oman 111 Industry Service will be https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis _3— the conditions under charged with responereility for 'eterminine which e given plant will be 2ermittei to employ eoaan e,t night and will cause an investieatioe to be is. e in advance ,f the eranting of the pernit. At the time when the permit is 6-rented the Aoman in Industry eervice will esioate an appropriate official egency to supervise the night shift for c)en durin: the period of the permit ind will receive re,eular reports reee„riin, the con— tions of emplopient in eech plant hoidin e pemit. Conferences nee been heLd with the Aar Depertment arid with tte Aavy re:rdin the organization of steffe if women inspectors in connection with those departments to cerry on the necess,ry eiministrative procedure for the grantinc of permits. A women'e Jrench is already organized in the Urdnence bepertment % .1)1 is fairly wetl e, uipped to h.endee the work in plants working on contr,ets for tAlet enlareed. e,oarteent, a1th.A0 Lhe steff _poet be Arrenge.Lente can probably be made for inspections throutja the existing forces in the cuartermaster's De,artment, % end plans are ull_er way for other divisions of the War Deperz.,ent. The Navy prefers to have the administrative *ork done by the Women in Industry service and will therefore appoint a staff of iesectors for plants working on contracts for the Navy on nomination of the ;-0,4,.Ln in Indaetry Serviee, detailing them for luty ;.n that Service. No plans have yet been for admihistration of the plan in plants under the jurisdiction of the Food Administration or the U. 8. probleme Allaippint; board, or other federal departments ..1.8 the immediate Navy. brought to our attention concern the War Departeent and the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -4- To aiminister the plan properlj ,Ind to review the reco,anend tions of the investigatin_, forces in the various dep,,rtAentr will require a larger staff tirtn is posFible under the tppropriation of the Womln in Indu-try Service. If the Var Labor Policies Board approves the plan, terefore, it will be essential to provide the neeessF,ry funds for increasinL the field foret, of the io7lan in InJustry Service. importAlt as it is likoly T:is will be the ,aore in alidtion to rec,uects for pernission to employ women at ni,;ht there will be nu'alber of re,uests for permission to extend the d,ily or w.-ekly hours of work. An etrective plan and the machinery for carry ng it out durin, tne presFint einergency should have perilinent and advanteous re,aitE in the o,,tablishment of standards for labor legisltion as wail 1E, in thfl protection of standards a/ready sttailima ;Jeneral sv_aidards including th9 lilLitation of the niiht shift to ei!ht hours and ri.j.d appliance of the principle of e'ual pay fol ou'tl work will be reylired of all plants holding permits, in e ch plant 8pecific conditions will be set in Advinee of recommen'inL the permit. These conditio-is will cover such matters as the ao3s of the wolien employea at night, rotdtion of shifts, tranport,tion fIcilities, installation Jf c'alteens, adecLuate supervision, f43ilitieE for he.t1th, c,)mfort s.fety :Ind the selection and training of wozlen workers. unequivoci States now hevinEillaws prohibiting the employment of in fctories woaen Kt nii,_,ht lare follows: v. • https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis DelawLre, InJi.na, New York, SUMMARY. MELbs,lehusetts, Nebraskh, Penneyivanial i1d 4iscJnsin. The .d.r Labor Policies board 1.8 asked tnerefore to aent, ind to vote upon the plan outline: in the attached ettAe, aint. the endorse the adminietrativ,) proceAure sdgestea, inclu net ce to rn-ke for larger funds for the Taman in Industry oervi the p_Ltn effective. .)ectfully :viary Van Kleeck, Director, Tamaa in Industry 3ervice of the U. e. Department of L.,bar. Se..teinber 6, 1-18. DEAFT1 SUGGELA lEOCEDURE 04 NIGHT i:Jh& ithir As a rapidly incretleinf; force of aen the urgent nitiomil need from iniustry for mi,itAxy 2ervc.,1, of tJr h for continuous :production :f munIcion,' ri nht. re.uect3 for permiseian to eadi:)y matter o Policies Board therefore regards it .ts :rori%a &latch forauii2te 1ii o,:uent lea to The WAr Labof publie iaport%ne,- dqquately met., the noels of 3..fegurds for woaen, 2roluction, whi.Le a-int inirw te aecess.ry workers. Fr al th of the n:It1on,1 beinniu / tin to 30.)- 068 ahort-s...htei ,yttempts d1n i to relr;.x labcr leas. ,-yolicy of the w r it h,3 b3on the , a4s LoonE hours of work and eaploylent to incra in the week ten1 to decrease r.ther than It ic rc'co,nizeq ala that contit,uous e rolucLion. ad unregu1ate,1 hi, ht v.ork for t on heath, siortie, - o.aen is h.rafui D.0 uL.,. of its bad effec f ,ai,y life Lhe..eif.re f chiidren. forbidden uy interntion L tre-Aic, Bef.re the we„r it was in th .,:;urope,n countries. laws Sever1 iwport nt industri!...1 stster in this 3ountry h-ve https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis prohioitini; nitOat Rork for 604ton. The nation.i RiiniLtr tion it of the utmost ia art-nce th,t such 1,4Ps of tosuen shou. roh jr eei nif ht /oft net tie re?ealed or tha stand.,r,ls AttAlied thrOuiph them f;;.oner_lly iowere'.i. in those str,tes ia which niht .prk is it Is import nt th.t the cDnditions of eaploylaant ,)f elouiU be e feguarlod. eiefl https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis It tv.,5 been decide', ther-,fore, thAt ni6ht work !Jr Aonen in ?1.1.nts workint, on contr cts for the fc,-!erol ,- -overrIment LtIll be regulated Df war emergency permit,I. syeLam aethod, if Iny tom)orary By shouLd froal oon.Ations preserlbaq t) thr-Jur;h ria 'ontrollel in 511 et to d:a)nair tad neeeo.iry, the noce3eity for 1: A-111 be leteminel 3oleiy tbs naed wiLl be 4et without by the natiJn.1 ,Ilrerament, pormanent Jr swee2in8 charge'3 in stfte labor 1.ws. 31 the other h;.n", 4oalea :11, be )rotected .tiaine., the (1,..q,,!ere Jf n !ht work , , no.s Le.11y in stAF', araittiaL t. If tne necessity for tha em,,loymon. of Aoaen between the Ilurs of 10 ?.k. 6 :A.M. Is _:a,a)nstratod, ,n1 if AQrkink, e,onliAon1-3 sAisf,etory to t,ha feaera. 6ovt,rnent the Seen:Airy wrovel by the of Laoor, wili Ltr t;1(.; Secretary f uzier condUionfi w:n in Ini_w,try Servi.oe of ths U. S. De_artment u,)3n the etata aGency chaNged with enforcement of labor laws to ,..rnt to iurticular d_aat for roriod omtduplunt of , •olon at niL;ht. te.m?orary war permit ?armits will be isz:,ael an 6r 1;11, e r owers of tik fo.!eral ,overnment. been le,,lly ''ilnts in stat6:, shalo ro_ulatione resort:LI ta in the pa:t wi_i ,; me under the beginning December 1, 1J13. No .;b.nt aorki „ • for the faderl gover-ment will be woman .ftt,r 10 P.1. or bef re 6 JU r eontrAct liowed theralftdr , to ex.211Y with.ut, A r r3wergency ;ermlt. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis noe-is'ty ih;rti inve5t16.tin wi_i for Jaiht .,Jrk unler the cwatinu,..: ou,ervisioA _•f It cho 1 be emphLiizel thi.t ni ht vided'4 the employnt of ,:en be :;t.. e t bkl.:at ho din -n Je-3i n_tel teJer if - Jr< 71en ea, ftn be •..nJ those 4fier thc 1r ft n,t ,uAified f4r aii:it-ry service, by tte t thtD extension intro,iuction A' :in lnlustry into ne trinliiDJ 3f c n%r-ct•z.. 01 by la .ravei arett, by c(in:fui t_ the loc.liaof,r lth iue rec.r , y ttsent. ?emits ,11, n't be -.2.,nte.1 It is ce..r tn t tnua eth d suffice 4 .) iiicro se .ra',Ic to the .. )oint tenJ f)r tt. ,robecutien ,f the v.,r. Permita will be cAght houru or ,es,, ni..ht shifts of •on.y i rJt%tin,2 tme encourgeri. •)mpli-tnce rill be ref,uired with the std.LdariE, smartie Jf the Labor 6earl, inciuJini the provision that A01011 intro-'uced into rk hitherto in by men 811911 BCO/Nre e. fur eurli Pork, other standardo sat by the fe anti. 6overnment in labor the atete September 5, 1918. -IJGGEFISD DRAFT OF SiliTIVENT ON NIGHT KIRK,OF IPONZIN BE ISM= BY TO WAR LABOR rOLICIES a- As a rupilly increasing force of men Is withdrawn from lop Justry for military service, the urgent national need for continuous pro.. 4,)ction of munitions of eer has led to frequent requests for permission to employ AOmila at night. The lir Labor Policies Board therefore regards it as a matter of public import,I , nee to formulate a prograa obi& will adequately meet the netvis of proluction, Ahile maintaining the necessary flreguards for women worimrs. Fro govern out to OrnOsel the beginning of the war it has been the policy of the short-sighted attorvts to relax labor laws. Long hours of week and employment seven days in the week band te decrease rather than increase production. It is recognised also that continuous and unregulated night work for women is harmful because of its bad effect on helth, morels, family life amil the *sitare of children. Before the war it mas forbidden by international treaties In the European countries. Several important industrial states in this country have laws prohibiting night work for some*. It is of the utliost Importance that such lams prohibiting night work of wanes should not be repealed or the standards attained through them lovored. In those states in -,hich night work is legal, it is import,.:nt that the conaitions of employment of ioplan should be further safeguarded. It has bman decided, therefore, that night work for women in plants working on contracts for the Federal Government should be pravented so far as lies in the peer of the Government to prevent it and not allowed except upon the official request of the Secret ry of War or Navy. Such https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -2- reggae% should be in the form of a oertificate to the proper state oflici4ls teclaring that a cubs time. Mao OMnosier has arisen in a particular plass for ak It is the belief of the Board that such certificate should be recognised by all state officials as sufficient evidence of the nocsossi ty of te- verarily modifying state regulations. * this MO thed, If any temporary deviation free conditions prescribed by law should be demonstrated to be necessary, the necessity for It will be determined solely by the natioral government, and the need will be met without permanent or *seeping changes in . Furthermore, moon 421 be protected against the lagers of ilight work in *tat.' no* legally permitting it. If the necessity for the employment of women bet vs. n the hours of 10 P.M. and 6 A.M. is demonstrated, and if working corditions satisfactory to the federal government are established, the Secretary of Onr or the Secreta ry of the Navy, under conditions approved by the Woman in Industry Service of the U. S. Department of Labor, will call Upon the state spew shorgel with en- forcement of labor laws to grant to a particular plant Per a specifi ed period a Sempsrary oar certificate allo,ing the employarnt of women at night. The.. certificates will be issued under the mAr peers of the federal government. Plants in states where night work bee been legally resorted to in the peat wil.1 come under the same regulations beginning Losember 1, 1918. No pl.nt *orkirT a ear contract for the federal government 411 be alloomd thereafter to emplo, meson after ID P.M. or before 6 A.M. without a war emergen cy certificate. Thorough investightion will determine the ascossity for night work and sash mstablishmemit holding a certificate shall be under the oontinued supervision of a designated federal departmwat. It should be emphasised that night york of women can often be avoided by the employaw nst of sea over the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 4raft age aud limes uot qualified for military service, by the tr.nsfer of _Lon frocc Ilon-essential iniustrios, by the estsnsion of plants, by the introduction of an intuttry into OD* areas, by a careful distribution of contracts with due regard to the local labor sup, ly or by improved mmmege;Tent. Certificates will not be granto& unless it is clear that them) methods do not suffice to inures's production to the point letaanded for the prosecution of the war. Oertlfleates 4111 be issued only for night shifts of eight hours or less and rotating shifts sill be encourIged. th tha Pull compliance will be rovired ts.:1 1 Rrla am& swards of the ithe Leber Bork lueludiss the provision '11 introiuoed into sork hitherto done by sea shall receive equal for ,L1.11 iork, ant other standarle set by the federal government state labor laws. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis the pay TZNTATITE DRAFT OF MTPM0117 OW EN? VORK 07 101Mi TO BE ISSUED BY THE WAR LABOR POLICIES BOARD (As ra...:4 to the War Labor Policies BoL.rd at its uJetias, August 23,1918) As tbe Arar goes on and larger and larger navbers of oeln are rithdraAs from industry for tnilitary service, requests for perwission to employ aomOU, at night are gro tag wore frequent. The War Labor Policies nl ri therefore regards it as a %attar of public iwportance to mak* clear Ito attitude. /ken the entrance of our country into the world war it has been the announced policy of the national ad-inistration to oppose shortsighted atteuvts to relax legal ,gleasures by the various states to safeguard the health and efficiency of the "pricers. of more than a year's experience Upon careful consideration reaffirm the .lisdom of this policy. It is recognised that continuous night ..ork for wowen has been found to he harmful in the industrial experience of all countries, because of its bad effect on health, morals, family life, •millers of ehildren and industrial efficiency. Before the ler it was forbidden in the loading Uropean countries. 4, international treties In the United States several iwrortant Industrial states enacted lass specifying periods of rest at night for ,..0101/31 suplayed is factories and the be York statute was upheld as eonstitutioeal by the highest court of the state. It is of the utitost importance that the standards attained in these stales should be waintaired and that wanes should be safe guarded against the dangers of night Nork in states no* lftally per wittingit. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis It, because of the extraordinary con4itione caused by the ar in -2carrying out War contracts for the federal government, the need for arff temporary deviation fro,c, condons prescribed by law or administrative orrier is de-:-Ionstrated, it should be detensd only by the isational goverment, and ,nris in state labor laws. In case the need met odithout permanent or sweeping cha. an emergency ci,tused by the necessity of essential production sb.ould be shown* to arise indispensably requiring the employment of vioien at night after 10:00 a.m., the War Labor Policies Board has foroulated procedure for or before terrporary tiar per pat such work, thereby taking preoaclerice over regulations •a4 dere ear po.‘ers of the federal goverment. Where the necessity for night sork for woften is proved arld where work-ing conons satisfactory to the federal 'a-; Secretary of arar ;a Are •stablished, the of theupon ream enlation of the e-are Watian in Industry Service of the Departo.eht of Labor, will grant to a -particular plant for a speced period, a ear emergency perxit, allo:ing the eraploymeat of Waiten at night. Careful investigation will determine the need for such permit shall be under the continued work and each •stablishtnent holding a supervision of a desited departwent. The permit will be issued only --- for night shifts of eight hours or less, and rotating shifts whereby night work for any individual occurs in only one week in three will be encouraged. No such permit will be issued unless the awards of the War Labor Board anti the provisions of the state labor la* for safety, he'-lth, :xnd comfort, shall have been fully complied with. Night work of wane* can often be avoided by the euiplopiont of .ien above draft age, ard. those not classed for atilt tary service; by the extension of p1,4its or the a., a, of tin industry into nevi areas; or by thoro-ughly co2lpetent :riankagement. Permits will not be gr4,nted unless it is clear triat those methods 45 not sena. to increase production. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis %Or In vie.4 of the country's need of preserving the inlustrial efficiency of its wags earning their employpent at night All be allowed only in oases of extraordinary urgency. Plants in states eihere night 4ork has been Legally resorted to in the past will coae under uniform re- gulations bith those in states 'here federal permits in specified oases will in future take precedence over the state regulations. No plant working ea a war contract for the federal government pill be allowed hereafter to employ •• 'Nolan after 10:00 p.n. or before 6:00 an, without a Nair permit. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis October 28, 1916. Lamorandum for : kiss Van :11.eeck Director, Woran in Industry Service, Lir. Frankfurter or,a t : Reports of nj....•,:k6Llict.41;Li govornrent Wax,hin,.;ton Subject in In reply to your memorandum of the :3rd, it v ould not wise for a corraittee of the '.;,ar Labor Policies Boar1 to caaduct an ilivestiation to ascertain the facts in this ratter. The Bcard thould not be called upon to perforr such alministrative work, and is not equipped to do it. If ;you have the investigators available, I snld think it -.-iould be preferable for your Service to make the investiJ1,tion and report the matter to our Board, if you wish to have a discussion and a decision by the representatives of the various L7overnLient departments. If you have not the staff available for a prompt I should think it advisable to call upon tre 1.-Ivesti:atic• i:-70taon, and. Inspection Service to undertake suoli https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Chairman. 1 ^ October 23, 1918. MEMORANDUM FOR: Mr. Felix Frankfurter, Chairman, Tar Lauor Policies Board rROM: Miss Van Kleeck, Director, Woman in Industry Service. SUBJECT: Reports of Oiht_work in government departments in Waihin6ton. Retorts of night work in government departments in Waihinbton cont'nue to comes to us. Miss Brandeis had an interview with Miss Drady, Assistant Director of the War Risk Bureau where women are working at night, scy..e of them after a does work in a goverment deparment. She recommends further inquiry after one month. In the Bureau of Engraving and printing the bindery eleven hours at night, wid we hear rumors from workinb girls are other departments. It seems to us that an inquiry sho,ild be made of all the night work in cor-ection with he government in the District of Columbia, especially as it affects women. Would you think it d3sirablo to ask the InveTitigation and Inspection Service to undertake such an inquiry, or would it be wiser to have it done limier the direction of a sub-committee of the War Labor Policies Board? MVK:IMP https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Mary Van Kleeck, Director, Woman in Industry Service. Octbor 9, 191.8. From: Wiry Van Yle.eci., Director, Woman in Inlustry Service To: Fe*Ix Subject: Fa,r-loyr..t at night in Office of War De.,,artment. i r'fi.rter, Ch..irman, War Labor Policies Bord On October 7th I 1r.A3. (!xr, Afgoi.4,14 te1e,2110 a ‘fiat..aan who is eloyed in the War Daparta.ant, reTorting that in the allotment br3nch three shifts of clerical workers are no* ear)loyed. as follows: lst shift - 3:30 to 3:30 `Ili shift - 3:45 to 11:15 Sra shift - 11:30 t,) 7:0 It A:As re-,•orted that 11 ,..;oza. r. are a:-.-iployoi shift and that it is the gt3ner--il lalpre,aion ti.at it to th:: night uite unnec.)ss xry that they shou1d. work at night. Only vile *awn bile been exzused from night work as she hal you chillron b oth'el-s !re r.lulrel to Nark at night whether tney are willing or not. Soho 02 these Are iI to be young girls *to live a long distance from the office. This tele7hone report was inrzirei by the newspaper noti;:a in our interest in controlling and preventing night *ork except in an emergency. I have since 1'3arned that there are two allottaant branches, one lealirg *it'll officers and one but it enlisal men. My rerort lid not show which office was involved A0u1, 1 be an easy matter to fird out. Is it not desirable that if this rort is true, shooad be ten to prevent tne employment of clerical ,orkers on a night shift in tha War Department. MITK/AL https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Mary Van Kleeck, Director, Woman in Industry Service. October 8, 1918. Memorandum From: Miss Vn Kleeck To: Miss Peterson The followirg procadurs is outlined for dealing Jith requests for ezewptions from state labor 1a4s reforrad to us from the office of the SecrItary of War: https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ,rwwledvont to the office of the 3e0ret4ry of 1. Tr, leUuta ac] War, stating an im744iate reoomzenlation, 14 such is possible, or a nlan of action, if ...;Alltional steps ar,'; nsoessary. 2. Imaeli.Ato notificeltion to the Stato Dor.Irtment of Libor that such a reopest has been received. This should provide also for a joint investign.tion A.th tho Stato DeprtLiont of Labor. 3. Inquire 4t office of War Labor BozIrd to ascertain wh:!ther this Dian has ever come under the jurisdictior of the Bo,rd. 4. Arrange for invest1gatiowe4Abbr by the Industrial Service action of the Department concv:rnee. or by t'ne W4Avn in Industry Service. This should include provision for inquiry at local office of U.S. Employment Service ana fo conforenoe with local trade-unionists. 5. Recomueniation sent to the office of ;,he Secretary of War with copy to State De,),ArtIent of Labor. Thia recomacndIion should include a st•ttement of the conditions required and a designation of tie supervising agency. 4111t —411s October 8, 1913. Major F. W. Tully, War Departwaut, Washington, D.C. My dear Major Tully: Your letter of October 5th enclosing copy of procedure discussed by you, !.Tajor Gitchell aul ,4061f on October 3rd, IQ reo3ived. Az it seems to me of reat Ln7ortce that Oae should have a definite procedure, I have been quite will14g to ,,,gree to your suggestions, wIth the possibility of oodification as experience suggests its necessity. The following sugAlons amo based upon experience in cases which have coxe to our hands since our several h.7.hdling third (.;f Octooer; the on conversation 1. As the State Departwent of Labor 4111 be called won to transcAt the certificate from the Secretary of War to the plant in which night .::ork for women is to be permitted, it is of course iosirble that a rerresentative of the State Department should be associated with us in the preliminary incrustigation. consistent policy, it seems In the irtertist of desirable that contact with Stite De-partments of Labor should be made through the office of the Wuillan in Industry service, at least until the mo:uen in the District Offices of the Ordnance Departcrient, have established their connections on a satisfactory basis. If these contacts with State Departwents are not ..aada have received from your office the report made by the we until after Wo,en's Branch, considerable delay will result, it is therefore suggested that if an application is received first in the District Ordnance Office, an im.,ediate notification be sent simultaneously to your J.21,1 to ours by the representative of the Wou.en's Branch in the of District Office. 2. If the statement which you have prepared is to be issued as an order, it is suggested that the plan as •.ccepted by the War Libor Policies Boari be st ital. at the outset, possibly in the following words: https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 1 -2"If the necessity for the employeent of woeen between the hours of 10 P.71. an. 6 A.11. is deeonstrated, and if working conlitions satisfactory to the federal government are established, the Secretary of War or IL? secretary of the Navy, emder conditions approved in advance in each instance by the Woean in Industry Service of the U.S. Departeent of Labor, actirg for the Secretary of Labor, will transmit to the state agency charged with erforce ert of labor laws, a cert'ficbte to a particular plant for a seecified period, alloeing the e-ployment of eaLen at night. These certificatee Till be issued under the war poiers of the federal govern.:ent. Plants in stetes wbere night eore has been legally resorted to in the past will coma under the same regulations begiee:ng Deceebar 1, 1913. No plant xorl:ing on a war contract for the federal government will be allowed thereafter to eeploy womerlafter 10 P.M. or before 6 A. .. without a war emergency certificete." Your paragraph No. 7 puzzles me a little in the words,"such 3. certifieete 7-111 be :i.ssuecl to the ceeroprias body le the state in which the elaat is located and a notice to that effect will be went to the stete official appointed and acting for the federal goverment in such matters." 01111 it not be desirable to state tis in seme such words,"such certificate will be trensmitted to the plant through the state agency charged with enforceeent of labor laws." Would it not be the proce lure always in practice to send the certificate to the stete offisiel felpetized by the War Derarteent to enforce the provisions of the contract? The wordirg of paragraph 7 seemed to me to imply that ee seem to be dealing with tea separate state agencies and might therefore be confusing if issued as an order by the Ordnance Departeent to their District Office. With these wed/neat/sae, ttie ixocedure seems to me to be satisfactory. It is suggested, however, that it would to advisable to include the Quartermaster's Departwent in the plan and tnereiure to cunfar eith them before final adoption of anagreement eith the Ordnance Department. Siecerely yours, MVK/AL https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Mary Van Kleeck, Director Woman In Industry Service. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR INVESTIGATION AND INSPECTION SERVICE WASHINGTON For: Liss Lary Van Kleeck, Ethelbert Stewart, Director Investi 011.11,lect: :Tight of :;omen in Gover.n.Y.ent Dei In the matte'r of your the sul)ect indicated above, I would like to submit the le__ consideratiors and rec..,atznendation: .:L.e fact of -Alibi-it work for weri.er in the Government Depart- 7ash5ncton is a t.a. ter of cor.a..on lowicciCe, - is done openly ments of . There is no law, executive order, rule or regulation above be:xd. it, and there has been no official protest by any De:c.rtmert or any cevean:It is suctested that under these circumr ?:leTit Board or Service. an investication of Government Departments by a Service in anothr , nt of the extent of 1,icht work for women and its results, mi DeartL:. reasonably be considered. an impertinence. It might also be embarra: • to this Service to be net clurinL the investigation with corres-iondence between another Branch of the Department of Labor with women outsic7,e the . _ City, succestine 1..ijit work as a srecial inducement for them to afternoon the in 3:45 from shift a was there as inasmuch to -.7ashint;tont th:A therefore tL another from 11:30 P. 1.. to 7 _4. to 11 7. I'. the in sunshine. out could have all their days to be In other words, there is nothing to investk,ate so night work for women in the Government Departments is cencerne In so far as the statement that women in :Everybody knows it. irgton work day time fur one Department, and .,1 .iL:ht for anothr, everybody Imows that too, but here ag..in there is no rule, re • it is recor.I ended that the .:omen in Industry throuLb the -,.`ar Policies Board or throuGh the Secretary of the Department direct, L;et recom: endation from the Secretary of Labor to the Departments that niLht work for women in Departments in ..7z.a.shincton shall cease, - or preferably COOUtivO order to that effect, then if an investics.tion as to any -compliance with such order or regulation is desired, this 'ervile will be ready at all times to make such investit,ation. In the absence of standards, or relations, or executive orders even pointinc tov,'..-,rct a standard, it is subr.:tted an ir.vesti7,..tioi to establish a f...ct already .2.1ovi-n would be void of valuable results. S- . https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Director. October 22, 1218. MEMORANDUM TOR: Mr. Ethelbert Stewart, Director, Investigation and Inspection Service. FRO": Miss Van Kleeck, Director, Woman in Industry Service. FUBJVCT: Night work in governmeltd . jmaentsia .unw Washington. A number of reports have been received at tnis office that women are being employed on night shifts in various government departments in Waithington. We are sure that you will agree with us trust this is a very serious matter, both in itself, and because of its effect on manufacturing establishments who can point to ti a practice on the part of the government itself. We should' like to request that a thorowh investigation be made of the extent of nie,ht work and its results insofar as these coin us measurea in the government departments in the District of Columbia, wit a view to preparing a report whicn will bring the whole matter forcioly to the attention of tne heads of departments. The followir,g informatio has reached us: 1. Clerical workers are being empioyea on a night shift in P.M. to 12 P.M. with time off for a meal. the War Risk Bureau from Some of these wowen are not employed elsewhere durirw the day, but others are employed during the day in other government departments or in the War Risk Bureau, so t at the ni,.ht work for trAri represents an addition to the daily working burs. Miss Alice H. Grady, Assistant Director of the Wax Risk Bureau, considers this an oboectionable policy, out says tnat it is im-ossible to put a stop to it at present because of the shortaol of day clerks and the lack of space which would prevent the use of an adequate number of clerks needed (this information comes to us through Miss Elizabeth Brandeis of the staff of the War Labor Policies Board) who sutzests tat the matter be taken up with Miss Grady in a6out a month's time, as it "does not seem wise to presP the matter furth3r This Service would sutgest that if an inquiry into the at preF,ent") practice in other departments were made first, time would be 61ven to the War Risk Bureau to make the changes suggested by Miss Grauy. 2. In the Bureau of En raving and Pringing, the binuery girls employed in connection with the printing department work eleven hours at nietht. One of the members of our advisory council of trade union women works on the night shift. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -2- 3. We have had an anonymous telephone meelace to the effect that tbere is a niht shift in the Allotment litanch of the War Department. The attached memorandum which we sent to Mr. Frankfurter dives the details. MVK:IMP https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Mary Van Kleeck, Director, Woman in Industry Service. September 0/01125111D DIM Or SUTIMITIT OS NOWT VOW OF SOWN TO By nag 7m; LATOR 1"OLICIES 1OARD..4, forgo of ion is +withdrawn from inAs s r 40.--117 increasimg continuous pro.. 'ustry for miliVtry service. the nrgent nellorol road for itiction of munitions )f to stivloy or has 1.4 to frevont requests for permission nlOit. The iter Labor Pollcits Bowl therefor* rop-ris it a° &m:Ater or pnblie laporteageto fersnlitte progrwal ohiab iri11 &de- .,11nulnire the none asoAry alwitely "stet the nevi* of proiTtation, while safaguartto for frorato2 workers. Pro • the beginning of the efts it hfts 'been the policy of Us . ose sLorta-tIghtea ttt.elpte to relax lAior laAs. Long hours gevernmrynt to oT.4, MervIm-.Int seven ,1.-7.)** In the fasek tend to igare44° rather thrill of 'tack 'nativists protsctioA. It is racoFniee4 also thwt centInneue #4414 unregulatett itight work- for over,en is herAtal beewise of ttx bud offf.et an health, ily life i& ths seitare or children. Bofors the ar tt gas fort:4440n In4errAtion41 treaties In the Illoroposa °gantries. Severe.1 important for intlutrtAl states in this country haft lame prohititing night mark . night work It is of the uttost importance that such lase 'prohibiting shonlI net be repealed or the stsn aris wittained through tram % t that lammed. In those stal.tes in 40.ch night oark is 1eg4, it is tuportmn of 40/011A igi. the conditions of esploy.iiint of Aaron shouli be fur that* safeguar It tits bcen leciA.ed, therefore, that night Pork for sewn in be pr.orented plants overklas on contract& for the 7/64ev4 Oovernwnt shcrall not allowed a* far as lios in th) peer a1 the Governaont to prevont it ark! Navy. Snali ozoopt woo the offiolal rogoost of the Seereviry of air or https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis -2- :704 be in the fora of a oertificte to the proner st4Ate of. dealatiqi ir eeordpies, hes *risen in a particular pl-:4s for *slat time. It is the belief of the Board that st:tch certificate should be riseelalsod by mill *tilts officials as 'efficient evidence of the necessity of temporarily modifying stele regulations. nr this method, If amr temporary deviation free coalition, prescribed by law thould he dev;onstri..ted to be Seeeseazy, t oeitstity for it will be determimed solely by the natiorml gevarment, ml the need will be met without perme.n=t or siseping chse in state 1.ibor Ihrthernore, ee,len will he protect:ad , ..4f.innt the .•-,agferie of night Awe, : in states no,,. 1.'g1417 permitting it. If the necessity for the ampl.orwmt of ninon bets*** the Maio of 10 P.M. ant 6 A.M. is demonvtratel, if gor:rinrf, cota-iitione entisfuctary to the federal government are estmblishel, the SecretAry of ‘7.:e. or the Secretary of the 111-11,y, /artier conditions arnroved by the llama in Tretstry Service of the U. S. Department of Lahar, will call on the state agency charged with iree- forcemeat of tabor lam to grant to e parti-zular rinnt for a specified period bescorary sekr certificate alloAdng the em.nloyment of "oaten et night. The se certificates be lune", nni.r the ear po. , ere of the fetierbi governimnt. Plhnts in sautes ahem night :fork has boon legally resorted to in the past Hill cote under the same regulations beginning Deeiteter 1, 1918. Ile pl6Int working on a war contrast for the Moral government will be a11o./.0-1 there'lf ter to exrploy women after 10 P.M. or before 6 A.M. :without• war emergency certificate. Thorough investigation will determine the necessity for night sork earl each establiskriient belling as csortificate shall be under the continusd supervision of a 4esign:4*d federal depart.tent. It shoult be tv:phasised that night ,,ort: of Awns n c,In often be avoided by the employ:Aleut of non over the https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis •••31.111. draft age sud these not qualified for ellittry service, kr the trAasfer of from usapieseeutial industries, by the extossion of plants, of un intastry IA* Iow areas, lir the introduction by a careful distribution of contracts eta due regari to the local lsloor supply or tir Improved seetagemest„ Certifiestes will net be grouted ualese it is clear that these methois apt suffice te loaves's* production to the point flomenled for the prosecution of the war, Certifiwiteis sill be issued only for might ahifts of eight hears or less and rotatiog shifts sill be encouraged. IN11 coup11.4ace will be required with the stokndards auci ihaftrits of th* U.44- L.4or Board, incluling the provision that mum intro4uced isde work hitherte dose 4, men shall receive equal par fur equal murk, sill other sbusdarde vet by tba federal govermacut asd the state labor laws. https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://fraser.stlouisfed.org Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis November 7, 1918. Proposed Resolution onjijli atiagIgKof Women to be brought before the War Labor Policiiislroard. WHKPRAS, On Se-tember 6th the War Labor Policies Board endorsed the plan which provided for federal control of night work of women through the insertion of a .clause in contracts prohibiting the em,..qoyment of waren between the hours of tenp.m. amd six ailm. in any plait working on a contract for the federal government unless the plant held a certificAte from the Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy granted with the approval of the Secretary of Labor after demoastration that proluction for the war required the emnloyment of woman at night for a specified neriol in that particular plant and By this action the War Llbor Policies Board recognized that the emrloy,nent of wanen at night is harmful because of its bal. effects on health, family life, the welfare of children ani industrial efficency and that only an. extreq.a emergency crsated by the mar could justify night work for waren in any plant working for the federal government. BE IT RFSOLVED that now with the prospect of an early restosation of peace ani th_ necessity for strengthening the safe-guaris for woman workers in the fifficult period of reconstruction, the Board hereby reaffirms its conviction that the employment of women at night should be prevented and urges upon all federal departments that pending the enactient of legislation in those sttes which at present have ED laws prohibiting niistit aork of mlmen, the employment of waren at night in plants working on contract for the federal government shall be controlled through provisions in the contracts and shall cease at the earliist possible mcILlent consistent with the immediatm demands of the war, and that, fuI thermore, the emloylient of manon at night in all arsenals, navy yards ani other establishments owned and controlled by the feder9.1 governnent, shall be diacortinuei as soon as possible and that with the restoration of peace, night work of wcoen shallte prohibited in all plants under federal control Whether by contract or ownership by the federal governnent.
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