Full text of Records of the Federal Reserve System, Record Group 82 : #70 Portland, Box 2660, Folder 4

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

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INDEXED POCKET MAP
O F

THE

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OREGON
WASHINGTON
IDAHO
ISSUED BY THE

PASSENGER DE P AR TM E N TS

OREGON-WASHINGTON RAILROAD
& NAVIGATION GO.
- AND

SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY
LINES IN OREGON
P o r tla n d , O regon



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Roproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

0RE60N-WASHIHGT0N
RAILROAD & NAVIGATION CO.

OREGON SHORT LINE
UNION PACIFIC

T he M ain Highway
Between the Pacific Northwest and the East

Through Trains Daily
Standard Equipment
Superior Dining Car Service
Protected by the

AUTOMATIC BLOCK SIGNAL
Five Million Dollars have been
expended by the great system of
railroads comprising the
Oregon-Washington Railroad
& Navigation Co.
Oregon Short Line
Union Pacific
Southern Pacific
establishing this Block Signal
System to protect its patrons
and insure safe traveling.




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

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T H E N O R T H W E S T P R E S E N T S T H E G R E A T E S T O P P O R T U N I T I E S F O R H O M E B U IL D E R S O F A N Y P O R T I O N O F T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S .

F O R : F R U IT , G R A IN , L I V E S T O C K , L U M B E R A N D M IN E R A L S , "H E T E R R I T O R Y E M B R A C E D IN T H IS M A P IS U N E Q U A L E D 


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Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

DAY LETTER

Form 2689 K.

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This Company TRANSMITS and D E LIV ER S messages only on conditions limiting1its liability, which have bean assented to by the sender of the following: D ay L etter,
■rrors can be guarded against only by repeating: a message back to the sending’ station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or deltas in
transmission or delivery of U a rep eated D ay L etters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal oo the amount paid for transmission ; nor in any case beyond the sum of F ifty
D ollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor In any case where the claim is not presented in writing: within sixty
days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
-------------------- and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D DA
Y LETTER,

THEO. N. VAIL, PRE6I DENT

R

BELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

e c e iv e d a t

71 SK JM 31 BLUE
BO ISE

IDA JAN 27 1 9 1 4

WM THOMSON
L
CARE NATL

BANK
LEWISTON ID A

AT CLEARING HOUSE MEETING HELD

TODAY BOISE BANKS PASSED RESOLUTION

FAVORING RESERVE BANK FOR NORTHWEST

STATES) TO BE LOCATED AT

PORTLAND AND ARE SENDING REPRESENTATIVES
T H IR T IE T H




I H PARSONS

TO MEET W ITH BOARD THE

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

DAY LETTER

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

26,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL TH E WORLD

This Company TRANSMITS and DEMTJERS messages only on conditions limiting' its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following: Bay Letter,
■rrors can be guarded against only bv repeating* a message back to the sending station (of comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery of uavepeated s a y Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any ease beyond the sum of Fifty

D ollar*, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within sixty
days after the m essageis filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an V N R E fE A T E D D A Y LETTER* and is delivered by request of the sender, under the cordttions named above.

THEO. N. VAIL, PRESIOENT

R e c e iv e d a t

B ELV ID ER E BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

j" A!N ST- GPEN 7 A- ^ T0 12 p: ^

4 1 SK 0 - 19 BLUE
CALDWELL IDAHO J A N . 2 7 T H ,

1914.

WM THOMPSON,
LEWISTON ID A H O .
FAVOR SEVEN STATES WEST ROCKY MOUNTAINS CENTERED IN FRISCO I
FOUR NORTHWEST STATES TO BE SEPARATED FAVOR PORTLAND CENTEFK.




"CALDWELL C 0 M * L . BANK.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

R EC EIVERS

NO.




WESTERN UNION
N IG H

T E R

T H E O . 'N. V A IL , P R E S ID E N T

Form 2289 J

mum
Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Jk*

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L

A

S

K

A

Our Frontier Wonderland”

Comparative A nas—Alaska One-fifth the Size of the United States

Published and Distributed by

Alaska Bureau
Seattle Chamber of Commerce




Seattle Chamber of Commerce
Alaska Bureau

OFFICERS FOR 1914

SCOTT C. BONE...................... -........ -......... -.... Chairman
J. C. LANG..............- .............. —....... ............ Vice Chairman
J. L. M cPHERSON............... .......... ......... ........... Secretary
R. H. STRETCH _______ ____ ________Ass’t. Secretary
EX EC UTIV E COMMITTEE

SCOTT C. BONE,
E. B. BU RW ELL
J. H. EDWARDS
JAMES A. HAIGHT
JOH N P. HARTMAN
CHARLES G. H E IF N E R
J. C. LANG

Chairman
MAURICE LEEHEY
J. L. M cPHERSON
IRA D. ORTON
L. B. PEEPLE S
W ILLIA M PIGO TT
A. L. SOELBERG

For Extra Copies Send 10 Cents to
ALASKA BUREAU, SEATTLE CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE




Seattle, Washington

“ Our Frontier Wonderland”
Second Edition Revised
1914

President W oodrow W ilson, in his message to
Congress, December 2nd, 1913, makes the follow­
ing suggestions:
“A duty faces us with regard to Alaska which seems
to me very pressing and very imperative; perhaps I
should say a double duty, for it concerns both the politi­
cal and the material development of the Territory. The
people of Alaska should be given the full Territorial
form of government, and Alaska, as a storehouse, should
be unlocked. One key to it is a system of railways.
These the Government should itself build and admin­
ister, and the ports and terminals it should itself con­
trol in the interest of all who wish to use them for the
service and development of the country and its people.
“But the construction of railways is only the first
step; is only thrusting in the key to the storehouse and
throwing back the lock and opening the door. How
the tempting resources of the country are to be ex­
ploited is another matter, to which I shall take the
liberty of from time to time calling your attention,
for it is a policy which must be worked out by wellconsidered stages, not upon theory, but upon lines of
practical expediency. It is part of our general problem
of conservation. We have a^freer hand in working out
the problem in Alaska than in the States of the Union;
and yet the principle and object are the same, wherever
we touch it. We must use the resources of the country,
not lock them up. There need be no conflict or jeal­
ousy as between State and Federal authorities, for there
can be no essential difference of purpose between them.
The resources in question must be used, but not de­
stroyed or wasted; used, but not monopolized upon any
narrow idea of individual rights as against the abiding
interests of communities. That a policy can be worked
out by conference and concession which will release
these resources and yet not jeopard or dissipate them,
I for one have no doubt; and it can be done on lines
of regulation which need be no less acceptable to the
people and government of .the Nation at large, whose
heritage these resources are. We must bend our coun­
sels to this end. A common purpose ought to make
agreement easy.”




L IB R A R Y O F T H E A LA SK A B U R E A U — P h o to by F ran k H. N o w ell




1

PREFACE
The object of this pamphlet is to present in a compact form a general
statement of our present knowledge of the resources of Alaska, and the
result of their development to date. Within so small a compass it is
obviously impossible to go into detail; but those who seek for more com­
plete information on any particular topic may find the same in the pub­
lications of the various Bureaus of our Government, which can be secured
from the Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., and in the library
of the Alaska Bureau, which consists of some one hundred and twenty
volumes of from three to six hundred pages each, and four hundred and
fifty maps, all of authentic and official nature, published by the U. S.
Government and scientific societies. The library is probably the most com­
plete in America on the subject of Alaska, and is reinforced by an exhibit
of products in support of the statements therein made.
The text of this book, which is a condensation of these facts, has been
entrusted to R. H. Stretch, whose many years of connection as an engineer,
with mining and railroad enterprises in the West and Alaska, renders him
peculiarly fitted for the service. He was the first State Mineralogist of
Nevada, and later a member of the U. S. Geological Survey; spent years
underground in the celebrated Comstock Lode; was city engineer of San
Francisco in the seventies; has done a large amount of statistical railroad
work, and is the author of "Prospecting, Locating and Valueing Mines.”
The general plan of the book was outlined and the maps prepared
under the direction of the Library Committee of the Alaska Bureau.
The work of the Bureau is absolutely independent of all political affilia­
tions. Political and personal matters are barred from its rooms. The ad­
vancement of the interests of Alaska by every honorable means, is its one
and only object, whether those interests may be located in the north, south,
east or west. Its motto is “The Truth,” believing that if told and repeated
sufficiently often it will finally overcome the false statements and ignor­
ance about tilings Alaskan, which have so grieviously retarded the growth
of the Territory and disheartened the small band of pioneers, who are ask­
ing nothing more than the equal rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
J. L. McPHERSON,
C h a ir m a n L ib r a r y C o m m itte e ,
A la s k a B u r e a u ,
S e a ttle C h a m b e r o f C o m m erce.

Seattle, May, 1913.




3

THE VALUE OF ALASKA TO THE UNITED STATES
Alaska is a land whose area is equal to one-fifth of the United States,
or twelve times that of the State of New York. Its production of gold for
the year 1912 was $17,398,943; that of our gold State, California, whose
population is thirty-seven times as great, was only $19,928,500.
. Alaska’s per capita production of copper, the mining of which is only
begun, is now equal to the per capita production of Montana. It has coal
fields of greater area than those of Pennsylvania, and arable lands greater
than the entire State of Oregon. Tin, iron, gypsum and oil are found in
commercial quantities, and its marble quarries rival those of Vermont.
The reindeer industry, established in 1902 with 1,280 head, has spread
until the forty-seven herds number 38,000 head, and promises to become a
valuable source of food supply; while the extent of its fishing grounds
exceed those of all the States combined, and are excelled nowhere in the
world.
Its undeveloped water power exceeds that of the entire Pacific Coast
States.
Such is Alaska, a frontier land not only of vast resources, but a land
also of scenic beauty and grandeur not excelled by any of those sought
annually by the thousands who take their summer recreation abroad.
On an investment of $7,200,000, Alaska has given us in return, since
1867 (and by far the greater portion since 1899, or only fourteen years),
as shown in the reports of the U. S. Geological Survey, Director of the Mint
and other official documents:
Gold, final estimate........................................................................$212,765,727
Silver ..............................................................................................
1,841,202
Copper ............................................................................................ 13,570,225
Coal..................................................................................................
347,389
Other Minerals ..............................................................................
982,554
Fisheries and Furs.......................................................................... 240,820,168
Total ........................................................................................$470,337,265
And produced in 1912, as per final estimates:
Gold, Silver and Copper................................................................ $22,285,821
Other Minerals ..............................................................................
252,000
Fish and Furs................................................................................ 18,120,132
Miscellaneous ..................................................................................
394,046
Total ........................................................................................ $41,051,999
The commerce of Alaska in 1912 was:
Imports .......................................................................................... $22,917,795
Exports ............................................................................................ 42,278,546
$65,196,341
Foreign gold and silver:
Imports ..........................................................................................
Exports ............................................................................................

3,840,546
3,704,173

$72,741,060
This foreign gold and silver was practically all received at Skagway
and thence exported.



With a population in 1910 of only 64,356, about equally divided be­
tween natives and whites, these figures show commerce per capita for entire
population $1,013; commerce per capita for white population, $2,026. No
other country in the world can make such a showing.
These results have been obtained at a cost to the Government of about
$25,000,000, over and above the revenues collected in forty-five years, show­
ing a profit to the nation of practically $438,000,000 on an investment of
$32,000,000. Contrast this with the money spent in the Philippines on an
alien nation, and with the results which will not bear comparison. If
Alaska has achieved so large a measure of success under adverse conditions
of every kind, what may not the results be under more favorable auspices?

SCENIC ALASKA
Alaska is a country unique in its geographical situation, unique in its
climate, and unique in its physical beauties. Point Barrow, its northermost
cape, is warmer than any point in the world as far north of the equator; and
its southern shores bordering the North Pacific Ocean are likewise warmer
than any point in the world in similar latitudes during the winter months,
as the result of the beneficent influence of the Japan current. Norway alone
can approach it in these respects, but in Norway the mountain backbone runs
parallel to the coast line, and its rivers are insignificant, streams, and there
is no room for extensive valleys; while in Alaska the immense quadrangle is
divided into three zones by lofty mountains, on more or less east and west
lines, which leave between them broad plains, through which such streams
as the Kuskokwim with 600 and the Yukon with over 2,000 miles of navi­
gable waters, open up its vast interior. Norway and Sweden are the Mecca
and Medina of the European tourists, in search of the picturesque and sub­
lime, and the latter country takes its annual toll of American pilgrims on
similar sights intent; but Alaska can discount anything which these coun­
tries can boast. Its mountains over-top Mt. Blanc, the Jungfrau or the
Matterhorn; its glaciers dwarf the Mer de Glace and its puny associates;
while the fiords of the Southeastern Archipelago do not suffer by compari­
son with those of Norway, whose grandeur has been embalmed in its sagas,
and chanted by the annual procession of sightseers; while all its beauties can
be seen from the deck of ocean or river steamer without the dust and dis­
comfort of tedious railroad travel.
Unlike the glaciers of Switzerland and the Tyrol, which debouch on
inland valleys, and give the observer but little evidence of their tremendous
pow^r and vitality, the energy of which must be left entirely to the imagina­
tion, the largest of the Alaskan glaciers, like those in Greenland which give
birth to the monsters of the Atlantic, terminate on the ocean border or
interior rivers, with towering fronts from two to three hundred feet in
height and miles in width; fronts which are daily pushed forward by the
titanis force of gravity, only to be undermined by the waves, broken down
into avalanches of glittering particles or huge blocks which fall with a roar
of thunder and thiow the spray a hundred feet into the air.
At the Childs glacier you may loll at ease by the river bank on a carpet
of flowers, while the glacier splits with a noise like a cannon shot or the
staccato reports of small arms, and watch avanalche after avalanche start



5

T IE K E L R IV E R 42 M IL E S FRO M V A L D E Z ON F A IR B A N K S RO AD— P h o to by
J. L. M cP h erson




“T h e sum m er-— no sw e e te r w a s ever;
T he s u n s h in y w ood s a ll a th r ill;
T h e g r a y lin g a lea p in th e river,
T he b igh orn a sle ep on th e h ill.
T he str o n g lif e th a t n ev er k n o w s h a rn ess;
T he w ild s w h ere th e carib ou ca ll;
T he fr e sh n e s s, th e freedom ,' th e fa r n e s s —
’T is I w ho do lo n g for it a ll.”— S ervice.
6

300 feet above, driving the water in mighty waves up the gravel slope below
you as they take the final plunge and float away in the narrow river. When
the mist has drifted by, the dead-white face of the ice disappears. The new
dress glistens with the brilliancy of diamonds, and the deeper recesses of
the facade gleam blue as a summer sky unfleckd by clouds.

C O LU M BIA G L A C IER , P R IN C E W IL L IA M SO U N D — P h o to by M erl L aV oy
(copyright)

The charm of the glaciers is never ending. You may watch them hour
by hour, and yet linger for some grander evidence of their power. Begin­
ning as mist, kissed by the sun from southern seas; drifted by the wind to
the N orthland; falling as snow on the m ountain tops; welded with other
infinitesimal fragments into an ice u n it; crawling inch by inch a few feet
annually ; carving the solid earth with power irresistible, only at last to be
torn in a moment of agony from its associates of a thousand, or many
thousand years, and sent drifting south, the plaything of the sun and the
waves; only to be resolved into its prim ary elements—is there not tragedy
in the eternal cycle, repeated through the untold eons of the world’s life?
Is there not a marvellous illustration of our national motto, “E Pluribus
Unum ”— one out of many—in union there is strength.
Elsewhere, when weary of the exhibitions of a power against which the
efforts of man are of no more avail than those of a fly against a tornado,
the peace and silence of the rock-bound fiords, clad in green, with the snowy
peaks of far-off mountains, gleaming through the tree tops on the skyline.



7

suggest the delights of Lotus-land; picture after picture more beautiful than
anything that the Hudson can show, or either Norway or the Rhine can
boast.

“ S U N S E T ” D E L T A V A L L E Y , T A N A N A B A S IN — P h o to by J. L. M cP h erson

If their winding ways are too narrow for the wings of imagination,
there are sunsets among them such as no painter could ever put on canvas,
veritable vortices of flame as though the world was on fire; or farther north,
broad plains where the grasses ripple in the wind and the hills on the distant
horizon lie like a purple haze, leaving the gazer fancy free as to what lies
beyond. Even the sun is loath to leave the scene which his warmth has
endowed with life, and forsakes it only for a few minutes at midnight.
Along the Alaska Peninsula the tourist may witness in safety the tre­
mendous pent-up energy of the internal fires; islands raised from the bot­
tom of the ocean one year, only to be engulfed the next, as at Bogoslof.
Yolcano after volcano will daily change the shore lin e ; first Makushin, then
Pogrommi, Shishaldin, Pavlof, Katmai, Sivanoski, Illiam na and Redoubt
will pass in orderly succession, rising majestically from 8,000 to 10,000 feet
from the ocean level, with many others of lesser altitude and notoriety.
These are the crowning peaks of a mountain range which, dividing to the
east, culminates in Mount McKinley, 20,000 feet high, north of Cook In le t;
and Mounts St. Elias, Fairweather and their cold virginal sisters, grim guar­
dians of the northern shores of the Pacific. These stupendous mountain
masses (a mile taller than Switzerland’s champion), their feet buried under
a glacier which lines the coast for more than a hundred miles, are even more
impressive than the loftiest of the world’s famous peaks, either in the Him a­
layas or the Andes; for while these rise from lofty interior plateaus, the
sweep of St. Elias is from ocean to sky, with nothing to break the fore­
ground.



Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

MAPOF

ALASKA
COMPILED BY

AlaskaBureau
S eattle

Chamber of Commerce
1913
Jfeoo'ooo

App"'o*"»«l»lyJOO mil




SaWiles, Fbc’ulation.
ALASKA 586400 64.356
Norway, 124445 2,392.698
Sweden. 172876 5,476,441
Finland, 144255 3,015.700
TOTAL 441576 10.884.839

AREAS
C o m p a ra tiv e .
Latitudes Identical.

MAP OF

ALASKA
COMPILED BY




Grand as is St. Elias, it is young geologically among its compeers, and
is apparently still growing. In the innermost recesses of Disenchantment
Bay the proof may be seen in sea beaches raised forty to fifty feet during the
last big earthquake in 1899, the barnacles still clinging to the polished
boulders; while alongside may be seen the buried forests, where the shores
have sunk beneath the ocean to compensate for the uplift.
Surely the scenic beauties of Alaska, whether they be of earth or water
or of sky, are varied enough to bring enthusiasm to the lips of the most
blase traveler, ranging as they do from the sylvan groves of Sitka, which
could satisfy even the most timid of lovers, to broad plains which whisper of
peaceful homes as the years go by; or from placid fiords where days drift
idly by, to exhibitions of the titanic and implacable forces of nature in her
most terrific moods. Vast as an empire, there can be no such thing as ennui
in.the everchanging panorama; distances are forgotten, and the traveler will
soon begin to understand the lure of the North, that intangible something
which makes the Alaskan, cramped amid the environment of civilization,
repeat to himself, day by day, “I want to go back, and I will.”

AREA
To appreciate the resources of Alaska, it is first necessary to get a cor­
rect idea of the size of the country, to acquire which the following compari­
sons may be an aid. The first table shows the area of the Thirteen Original
States of the Union, when it first became a nation, with others on the
Atlantic border, added to make up the area of Alaska:
Square Miles
Delaware ...................................................... :.................................................... 2,050
Pennsylvania ...................................... .............................................................. 45,215
New Jersey........................................................................................................ 7,815
Georgia ............................................................................................................. 59,475
Connecticut ...................................................................................................... 4,990
Massachusetts ....................................................................:............................. 8,315
South Carolina.................................................................................................. 30,570
New Hampshire................................................................................................ 9,305
Virginia ............................................................................................................. 42,450
New York .......................................................................................................... 49,170
North Carolina ................................. .............................................................. 52,250
Rhode Island .................................................................................................... 1,250
Maryland ........................................................................................................... 12,210
Maine .................................................................................................................
Vermont .............................................................................................................
Ohio .......................;..........................................................................................
Indiana ...................................................:............................... ,..........................
Tennessee ..........................................................................................................
Kentucky...........................................................................................................
Michigan ...........................................................................................................

325,065
33,040
9,565
41,060
36,350
42,050
40,400
58,680

586,210
Alaska ...............................................................................................................586,400
Or if we compare it with European countries we have the following:
SquareMiles.
Norway...............................................................................................................124,445
Sweden............................................................................................................... 172,867
Finland...............................................................................................................144,255




11

58,309
29,785
32,583

England
Scotland
Ireland .

562,253
.586,400

Alaska

Or as follows:
Germany
France ..
Spain.....

.208,670
.204,092
.197,670

Alaska

610,432
.586,400

Here we have an area covering twenty States of the Union, which
extend from the winter resorts of Florida to within a few miles of the St.
Lawrence River and Quebec, where navigation is closed in winter, and from
the shores of the Atlantic to the Mississippi River. If the map of Alaska is
placed over that of the United States, with Ketchikan in Alaska on Jackson­
ville, in Florida, the western island of the Aleutian chain will be found at
Santa Barbara in California. From south to north it extends over one thou­
sand miles of latitude from the Mexican to the Canadian borders; and from
the east to west over two thousand five hundred miles of longitude.
To generalize on the climate and possible resources of such a diversified
region is impossible, if it is wished to convey any idea of how it should be
developed, just as it would be for any equal area between the Mississippi
and the Atlantic, with all kinds of climate; vast plains and rugged moun­
tains; producing timber in some sections; cottton, sugar and tobacco in
others, and diverse commercial interests. Such a region must be divided
into districts of similar products and requirements, and so it is with Alaska.

CLIMATE
Alaska has its mountain areas with their snow fields and glaciers, with
the loftiest summits in the Union, and broad expanses of mossy tundra, but
it has also wide areas of valley lands and timber, and nearly as many varie­
ties of climate as can be found in the Eastern and Middle States, controlled
largely by the principal mountain Tanges, and by the Japan current, which
does for Alaska what the Gulf Stream does for Great Britain, Ireland and
Norway. The following remarks are as true today as when written some
years ago:
“Though Alaska has been in our possession for over forty years, ignor­
ance of its varied climate has been widespread and has led to not a few
blunders, both in the administration of the territory and also in plans for
its investigation and development. Had accurate information been in the
possession of the public at the time of its purchase, concerning its varied
climatic provinces, which in a large measure control its animal and vegetable
life and conditions of travel, a different feeling would have prevailed con­
cerning that much criticised transaction. Even well informed people still
speak of it as a land of ice and snow, and there are few who realize that a
part of the Pacific Coastal province has a temperate climate.”
As a simple matter of fact, the permanent snow fields only cluster round
the crest lines of the loftiest ranges, as they do in the Swiss Alps, and when
12



colored on the map to bring them out prominently, arc found to be greatly
less than one per cent, of the total area.
It is not possible to judge of the climate of a country by a look at a map
to see how far it is north of the equator. When many people in the Eastern
States, who are more or less acquainted with the inhospitable coast of
Labrador, find on a map that the bulk of Alaska lies NORTH of Labrador,
they appear to conclude that the conditions of life must be infinitely worse
up there, and that the stories of its ice and snow must be true; yet the town
of Fairbanks, in Alaska, with its mines, farms, electric lights and all the
comforts of modem life, is more than fifteen hundred miles north of New
York, and three hundred miles north of the southern tip of Greenland at
Cape Farewell 1
The Arctic current flowing down the eastern shores of America reduces
the temperature just as a similar current on the Asiatic shores closes the port
of Vladivostok, in about the same latitude as New York, for six months of
the year. The records of the weather bureau show that the average winter
temperature of the ports of Prince William Sound, 30 degrees above zero,
is the same as that of New York and Boston; and that that of Nome (zero)
is similar to that of Manitoba and Montreal; while the daily extreme ranges
are smaller. These facts about the coastal climate of Alaska are set forth
in detail on page 21 of Reports of Committees of the House of Representa­
tives for the second session of the Fortieth Congress, 1867-’68, and are a
good illustration of how valuable information may be buried and forgotten
in the pages of Congressional documents. The Alaska Bureau of today, in
its efforts to disseminate the truth about the climate of the North, is merely
digging up. fossilized facts, known to Seward and his associates at the time
of tiie purchase of Alaska, nearly fifty years ago.

CLIMATIC PROVINCES
(Authority, Maps of the U. 8 . Weather Bureau )
Special features easily divide the territory into six natural sub­
divisions, according to rainfall, temperature and latitude, the details of
which are shown in the accompanying tables.
First—Southeast Alaska, three hundred miles long by one hundred and
twenty-five miles in width, and the coastal region as far west as Cook Inlet,
is characterized by a heavy rainfall and moderate temperature, the average
of the latter for the three winter months being similar to that of Boston and
New York. The southeastern portion covers the Alexander Archipelago of
some thousand islands, heavily timbered, possessing many available garden
spots and a rank floral vegetation. In a narrow belt, lying between the ocean
and the Chugach mountains, this region extends westerly to Cook Inlet, and
all its ports for the entire distance of nine hundred miles are open the year
round to the commerce of the world.
Second—The second region covers the southern coast of the Alaska
Peninsula, has a moderate rainfall and similar temperature, but it is almost
timberless, the forests giving place to grazing lands. Like the first region,
its harbors remain open during the winter.
Third—This covers the entire coastal region of Bering Sea from
Unalaska to Point Barrow and beyond, and is characterized by wide areas of
tundra and treeless plains, but like many parts of Arctic Russia is capable



13

of supporting great herds of reindeer. As might be expected in its two
thousand miles of coast line, the rainfall and temperature vary greatly, Doth
diminishing as we go northward. Including the snowfall, the total annual
precipitation ranges from eighty-four inches at Unaslaska to only about
seven inches at Point Barrow, where the average snowfall is only about
thirteen inches, showing that a far north latitude does not necessarily in­
volve great depths of snow.
Fourth—The Copper Eiver Valley being protected from the heavy rains
of the Coast by the lofty Chugach mountains, possesses a comparatively dry
climate, with colder winter conditions and is much less thinly timbered than
the first region, lying to the south.
Fifth—The Kenai-Susitna region offers a compromise between the first
and fourth regions, the rainfall being moderate and the average summer
temperature about 54 degrees. Much of this region is heavily timbered
and contains large areas of good farming land.
Sixth—This covers the central area, containing the great valleys of the
Yukon and Tanana. Protected as it is on the south by the lofty Alaskan
range, with its extensive snow fields, it is well watered, although the average
precipitation ranges from only thirteen to twenty inches, while the ther­
mometer in summer climbs to 90 degrees or over in the shade, and the
average summer temperature is about 58 degrees, or somewhat higher than
any other of the five regions, while the average of the low summer tempera­
ture is only slightly less than in Southeastern Alaska.
The meaning of the foregoing details may be better appreciated from
the following items taken from the daily reports of the Weather Bureau,
January 6, 1912, covering forty-three cities of the United States and South­
ern Canada; and many such days might be duplicated.
Dutch Harbor reported a minimum of 20 degrees above zero; twenty
places in the United States reported lower.
Eagle reported 16 degrees below zero; 6 places reported lower.
Nome reported 4 degrees above zero; 12 places reported lower.
Sitka reported 34 degrees above zero; 33 places reported lower.
Tanana reported 4 degrees below zero; 3 places reported lower.
Valdez reported 18 degrees above zero; IS places reported lower.
Los Angeles and San Francisco were the same as Sitka; while Denver,
22 degrees below zero, Huron, 18 degrees below, and Winnipeg, 30 degrees
below, were colder than any place in Alaska.
Sitka had a larger maximum in a list of forty-five, than twenty-five
other places, among which were Chicago, Kansas City, Montreal, St. Louis,
Denver and St. Paul. Few people realize the ameliorating influence of
the Japan current.
The length of the day at all latitudes is the same on March 21st. On
June 21st the length of the day at various places in Alaska is closely as
given below:
Deg
Hours. Min.
17
20
Ketchikan and Prince Rupert—Lat. about..................... 55
Skagway, Cordova, Valdez and Seward—Lat. about..... 60-61
18
50
Fairbanks, Eagle, Ruby City, Nome—Lat. about......... 64-65
22
00
Betties and Coldfoot......................................................... 67
24
00
Note—The places mentioned are approximately in the latitudes given.




14

TABLE OF ALASKA TEMPERATURES
(From Maps of the TJ. 8. Weather Bureau)
Southeast Archipelago—
Highest Average Av. Smr. Average
Timber and Garden Products. Record. Summer. Minimum. Winter. Lowest;
—0
32
....
47
Metlakatla ..................................... .. 80
—14
30
49
56
Wrangel ........................................... 93
—10
27
55
48
Juneau .......................................... .. 88
—22
25
56
45
Pyramid Harbor............................ .. 82
—21
25
56
48
Skagway ......................................... .. 94
—10
32
....
....
Killisnoo ......................................... . 84
—4
35
54
46
♦Sitka ............................................. .. 87
—2
20
51
45
Valdez, Fort Liscum...................... .. 86
Southwest Coast—
Grazing and Garden Products.
—12
32
♦Kodiak........................................... .. 85
54
46
—12
29
Coal Harbor .................................. . 79
50
44
32
7
Unalaska ........................................ . 76
49
43
Bering Sea Coast—
Reindeer Land.
48
43
29
—17
Port Moller .................................... . 68
52
24
0
43
Ugashik ........................................... 86
Nushagak ........................................ . 81
53
....
18
—10
52
0
—55
44
St. Michaels .................................. . 77
43
3
—32
48
Nome ............................................... . 78
....
40
—12
—41
Point Hope .................................... . 60
—16
—53
37
33
Point Barrow ................................ . 65
Copper River Valley—
Farming and Garden Products.
10
—45
54
38
•Copper Center ............................ . 79
Kenai-Susitna Region—
Farming, Cattle, Timber.
—29
20
53
Sunrise _________________ ____ . 79
52
20
49
—48
•Kenai ______________________. 87
10
47
—27
55
Tyonek ........................................... . 82
Yukon-Tanana Valley—
General Farming and Gardening.
55
—5
—57
Anvik .............................................. 82
58
45
—13
—76
•Tanana .......................................... . 90+
58
43
—13
—68
•Rampart ........................................ . 90+
55
—23
—68
47
Fort Yukon .................................... . 90+
58
—15
Circle C ity ...................................... . 90+
47
—57
58
45
—15
—66
Forty Mile ...................................... . 90+
58
—13
47
—65
•Fairbanks .................................... . 90+
•Government Experimental Stations.

TABLE OF AVERAGE RAIN AND SNOWFALL
( From Maps of the TJ. 8. Weather Bureau)
Southeast Archipelago—
Timber and Garden Products.
Metlakatla .................................. — ...
Wrangel ........................................... ...
Juneau ..................................... .......... ...
Pyramid Harbor ............... .................
Skagway ........................................... ...
Killisnoo ........................................... ...
•Sitka .............. ............................:..... ...




Latitude.
55° 00'
56° 20'
58° 20'
59° 10'
59° 20'
57° 30'
57° 03'
15

Inches
Snowfall.
83
49
110
110
42
89
36

Days
Inches
with
Total .01 inch
Precip. or more
112
235
74
197
81
200
29
127
23
85
54
172
85
208

Southeast Archipelago—
Timber and Garden Products.
Valdez (Fort Liscum).........................
Southwest Coast—
Grazing and Garden Products.
♦Kodiak .............................................. ...
Coal Harbor ........................................
Unalaska ............................................ ...
Bering Sea Coast—
Reindeer Land.
Port Moller ...................................... ...
Ugashik .............................................. ...
Nushagak .......................................... ..
St. Michaels ...................................... ...
Nome .................................................. ..
Point Hope ......................................... ..
Point Barrow ........................................
Copper River Valley—
Farming and Garden Products.
•Copper Center ............................... ..
Kenai-Susitna Region—
Farming, Cattle, Timber.
Sunrise................................................ ..
•Kenai ................................................ ..
Tyonek ................................................ ..
Yukon-Tanana Valley—
General Farming.
Anvik .................................................. ..
•Tanana .............................................. ..
•Rampart .............................................
Fort Yukon .......................................„
Circle City ...........................................
Forty Mile ...........................................
•Fairbanks ...........................................

Days
Inches
with
Total .01 inch
Precip. or more
142
176

Latitude.
61° 00'

Inches
Snowfall.
152

57° 50'
55° 24'
53° 54'

37
57

57
49
84

155
156
214

00'
30'
00'
30'
30'
20'
20'

127
41
....
72
46
13

37
25
30
14
16
7
7

210
210
136
100
91
62
81

62° 00'

87

18

89

60° 54'
60° 32'
61° 10'

116
52
79

37
20
23

170
97
91

90
48
51
46
56
38
51

20
13
12
11
11
13
13

118
79
51
46
56
38
51

56°
57°
57°
63°
64°
68°
71°

62°
65°
65°
67°
65°
64°
64°

30'
15'
30'
30'
50'
40'
40'

....

....

•Government Experimental Stations.

MINERALS

A

LL CHAPTERS on minerals are merely condensed statements of facts
found in the reports of the TJ. S. Geological Survey, published under
the supervision of Alfred H. Brooks, a world-wide authority.

GOLD
Historical

The earliest recorded discoveries of gold in paying quantities were
made in very widely scattered localities, and were quartz lodes, not placers.
The Appollo Mine on Unga Island, off the western shores of the Alaska
Peninsula, was among the first, if not the earliest. Juneau (1880) was
followed by Forty Mile (1886) on the Yukon, six hundred miles to the
north. In 1894 we find Circle City on the producing list as a placer camp,
placer mining hems’a more attractive industry in a new country than quartz.



16

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

M IN E S

COMPILED BY

A laska B u r e a u
S eattle
C h a m b e r of C ommerce
1913

MI NERAL O U T P U T
Lodes & Placers in 1912- - * . . 22.100,000
Total Output since 1SB0 ____229,200.000




Producing Copper Mines

In 1896 the Kenai Peninsula comes to the front, four hundred miles distant
from the nearest of the old settlements. The various discoveries were
probably the indirect results of the fisheries and fur trade and gave no inti­
mation of the coming flood of gold, which startled the world in 1897, thirty
years after the purchase of the country from the Russians. The story has
been told so often that it needs no repetition.
Thousands of gold seekers, failing to win locations in the Klondike,
spread over the country, reaching Nome where the big discovery was made
in 1898. Others going to the Klondike by way of St. Michaels, discovered
Rampart in 1898 and the Hot Springs in 1899, while the overflow from
these camps found Fairbanks in 1902; Bonnifield in 1903; the Kantishna
in 1906, as well as the Innoko and Iditarod in 1906 and 1907.
The latter years also proved the presence of gold at Ruby City on the
Yukon, below its junction with the Tanana. Prospectors from Forty Mile
found the Chandelar in 1899, and those from Iditarod the Kuskokwim in
1907. The placers of the Koyokuk came into notice in 1890, although very
early maps show a settlement on this river beyond the Arctic Circle.
Porcupine, near Skagway, was found in 1898, by men who failed to
make the trip over the White Pass, in the rush of the previous year, and
some of these found the beach diggings at Lituya Bay and Yakataga, on
the ocean shore, in the same year.
Those who sought the Klondike by way of Yaldez found gold in the
Copper River Basin, on the Nizina, Chisna and Chistochina in 1902, and at
Yaldez Creek in 1903.
Others penetrating the little known southwestern region traced the
gold belt to the Illiamna country and Mulchatna River in about 1907, and
about 1910 discovered Good News Bay on the shores of Bering Sea; while
prospectors from Seward Peninsula found Squirrel Creek, a branch of the
Kobuk River, in 1909, although gold had been reported from this region as
far back as 1902.
The lesson taught by this succession of discoveries is that we know
but little of what the future may bring forth. These localities are widely
scattered and far apart, but each discovery forms a settlement and a base
of supplies for the prospector, enabling him to travel farther and farther
into regions yet unknown. Of but a small portion of the territory have
we any detailed knowledge; the larger part by far is the domain of the
prospector and by him only a fraction has been traversed. The remainder
yet belongs to the wild denizens of the forests.

GOLD AND SILVER PRODUCTION
It is estimated that the total production of gold has been $212,765,727,
of which the estimate for 1912 places the amount at $17,145,957, as against
$16,853,256 in 1911. Nome apparently held its own; the Iditarod, Hot
Springs, Forty Mile and Birch Creek showed an increase.. The pro­
duction from the quartz mines is estimated to be in 1912 about $400,000
larger than the previous year, chiefly due to the Juneau district; though
Fairbanks and the Susitna contributed their share. It is estimated that
the quartz lodes have yielded $57,408,921 out of the grand total, or slightly
over 27 per cent. These figures do not cover the silver contained in the



18

PLACER MINES
Placer m ining is the process o f separating particles o f gold from the
sand or gravel, with which they are m ixed, by washing the gravel in m oving
water, the lighter material being carried away, and the heavy gold rem ain­
ing, along with any other heavy minerals, such as platinum and tin, which
the gravels may contain.
In its simplest form the outfit o f the prospector comprises a pick, a
shovel, a large flat sheet iron pan, known as a gold pan, an iron constitution
and an unfailin g fund o f hope and patience.
In the second stage he may use a rocker, which is merely a screen on
the top o f a box, to separate the coarse gravel, while the finer material drop?

PL A C E R M IN IN G , S H O V E L L IN G IN B Y H A N D A T N O M E ; T H E E A R L Y
M ETH OD— Photo by Frank H. Nowell




19

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

gold. N o mines worked especially fo r silver occur in the territory, that
metal being obtained exclusively in the refining o f the gold and copper
products. N o figures fo r 1912 are available at this date, but during the
years 1880 to 1911, inclusive, the amount separated from the gold is esti­
mated at $1,524,364, o f which $026,901 came from the quartz gold and
$897,463 from the placers and copper.
It is worthy o f notice that native silver is fou n d in pieces o f consid­
erable size, along with native copper, in the sluice boxes o f the hydraulic
mines on the Nizina River at the head o f the Chitina River in the Copper
River Valley. This occurrence o f native silver and native copper in con­
junction, suggests the possibility o f the presence o f copper ores similar to
those o f the Lake Superior region, in the mountain to he southeast, but no
such locality has yet been found.

D U M P OF U N D E R G R O U N D D R IF T

M IN E, NOM E— Photo by Frank H. Nowell

on a sloping board or apron, where by rocking the box sideways, the gravel
is cleaned and passes over a lip at the lower end o f the apron, which retains
the heavier gold.
In larger surface operations the gravel is shoveled into a long sluice
box, lined on the bottom with riffles, and set on a good grade with abund­
ance o f water^ called a sluice-head; but this m ethod requires plenty o f room
at the end o f the sluices to take care o f the waste or tailings. W here the
body o f gravel is not deep it may all be washed away to reach the richer
material in the bottom o f the valley trough, which is called the pay streak.
I f the ground be too deep, shafts are sunk to bedrock and the pay dirt ex­
cavated as in coal m ining, hoisted to the surface and washed in the usual
way. This is called d rift m ining. In all these hand operations only the
cream o f the deposit can be removed, as the cost is high, so that large
bodies of low grade gravel are left untouched.
W hen conditions admit the use o f water under pressure so. that it can
be used to tear down the bank and drive the gravel into the sluice boxes,
this method is called hydraulic m ining, and gravel o f much lower value per
yard can be handled profitably as the water takes the place o f high-priced
human labor. I t is evident, though, that there must be much more dump
room for the waste, and flat regions cannot give pressure to the water.
In such cases, or where the ground cannot be drained, resort is had
to dredging, which can be carried on either in open water or at any point
where water can be had in sufficient quantities to make a pond in which the
dredge can flo a t; the dredge being nothing m ore than a barge with m achin­
ery in fron t to scoop up the gravel, which, after washing, is dumped over-




20

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

H Y D R A U L IC M IN IN G , S IL V E R B O W B A SIN — Photo by Frank H. Nowell

board at the stern by an endless belt on an elevator or stacker, as it is some­
times called. It is plain that the capacity of the dredge is lim ited only by the
depth to which it can dig, and the size and number o f the boulders in the
gravel on the bedrock where the best pay is found. F or these reasons, on
some o f the creeks around Fairbanks the depth o f m uck and worthless ma­
terial is too great fo r dredging operations, while the Nom e peninsula, the
Iditarod, Circle City, Eagle and F orty M ile regions, as well as the Kenai
Peninsula are well suited to their use. The report o f the U. S. Geological
Survey gives the number o f dredges in use in 1912 as: Seward Peninsula,
3 3 ; F orty Mile, 3 ; Fairbanks, 1 ; B irch Creek, 1 ; Iditarod, 1, and the Kenai
Peninsula, 1.
H ydraulic plants are in use on the Nom e peninsula, in the Copper River
V alley, and in the Kenai-Susitna, Circle and F orty M ile districts.
The Geological Survey estimates the number o f yards of gravel moved
in Alaska, and the approximate value o f the same, as follows, apparently
including all m ethods:
1908— Cubic yards m oved........... 4,275,000
1909— .... “
“
“
............4,418,000
1910—
“
“
“
.............3,800,000
1911—
“
“
“
.............5,790,000

Av. value per y d .............. $3.74
“
“
............ 3.66
“
“
............. 3.20
“
“
............. 2.47

from 650 operations in 1910 and 740 in 1 9 1 1 ; while the average value per
yard o f similar work in C alifornia is estimated at only 13 cents. These




21

GOLD D R EDGE, NOME, M ETH O D OF M IN IN G L O W G R A D E G R A V E L S , NOT
R ICH E N O U G H F O R H A N D L A B O R — Photo by Frank H. Nowell




22

figures indicate an enormous growth for the industry with the introduction,
of machinery and better methods, which can be made possible by the reduc­
tion of transportation rates, each reduction of cost opening up wider and
wider fields. How great these fields are may be judged from the statement
made on good authority that the Seward Peninsula alone contains more
dredging ground than exists in the State of California; and how great is
the transportation tax from the fact that two dredges at Dawson contain
1,340 tons of steel, not counting other material.
The influence of dredging on the future of the gold product may be
judged from the statement that while the production of the Fairbanks and
Iditarod regions showed a decrease in 1912, the Nome section held its own,
although the winter product of its drift mines was the smallest on record.

LOCATION OF THE PRINCIPAL MINING CENTERS
Practically all of these are found in broad belts of slaty and micaschist rocks outcropping on both the southern and northern foothills of the
great Alaska Range, and the Endicott Mountains, the bounding walls of
the Yukon Valley being apparently the most productive. The southern
slopes of these mountain ranges have furnished the camps in Copper River
Valley, and the placers of the Koyokuk, Chandelar and Squirrel Creek, which
have held second place to those on the slopes facing north. Here the immi­
gration through Dawson found Fairbanks and its tributaries, from which
point prospectors drifted west and south, finding in natural succession Bon­
nifield, Kantishna, Innoko and Iditarod, each discovery made possible by
the previous one. Each of these camps furnished a base of supplies for the
prospector, and resulted in the recent discovery of Ruby City, Fox Creek
and Aniuk, each of which is likely to result in further extension of the
gold-bearing area. In like manner prospectors from Kenai found the
Susitna, and following up its branches, radiating like the fingers of the
hand, have been steadily pushing on into the unknown. So also from Nome
as a base the circle of known area spread until it has reached the Kobuk
beyond the Arctic circle; and all these discoveries have been made by a
mere handful of men, plunging singly or in pairs into the wilderness, to
be lost for months to their friends and acquaintances. The following table
of the progress of discovery year by year clearly illustrates the foregoing,
showing various camps and the approximate dates at which their principal
settlements were founded, giving a good idea of the gradual spread of dis­
covery along definite lines:
1880—Juneau, resulting in discovery of the quartz mines.
1886—Forty-Mile, from which point prospectors found the Klondike.
1890—Or thereabouts, gold found on the Koyokuk.
1894—Circle City and Birch Creek, from Forty-Mile base.
1896—Kenai Peninsula, a new base of operations.
1897—Nome, Eagle and Rampart, from overflow of Klondike rush.
1898—Yakataga beach, result of Nome beach discoveries; Willow Creek,
expansion of Kenai center.
1902—Nizina, Chisna and Chistochina.
1902—Bremner from Nizina center.
1902—Fairbanks from Eagle center; Kobuk from Nome center.



23

1903—Valdez Creek from Kenai center; Bonnifield from Fairbanks center.
1904—Yentna by prospectors from Kenai.
1906—Kantishna by prospectors southwest from Fairbanks; Innoko by the
same.
1907—Kuskokwim from Innoko; Squirrel Creek from the Kobuk center;
Illiamna, Mulchatna, Tacotna, on new route from Kenai.
T9D8—Iditarod from Innoko.
1910—Good News Bay from Mulchatna.
1911—Ruby City by overflow from Iditarod; Aniuk by overflow from
Iditarod.
1912—Fox by overflow from Iditarod.
Those acquainted with the life and art of the placer prospector won­
der that so much has been accomplished and realize how much is yet to be
done, and how great are the possibilities of the future. A man may walk
over millions and be unconscious of the fact. Gold does not lie on the
surface of the ground; it is heavy and usually buries itself as deep as pos­
sible in the bed of the stream which gave it a resting place. A man must
search stream after stream until he finds a few colors in his pan (for only
fine colors are found in the surface soil) and must then dig hole after hole
to see if it may be there in workable quantity, and finally miss fortune by
only a few feet, for as the Bible says: “The silver is in veins and the gold
where you find it.” His few colors may have been washed down from an
old river bed, now high up on the hillside benches, for the whole interior
plateau has been lifted up and settled down again, and the streams of today
may not be the streams of the unknown past, and the finding of these is
no child’s play. These things make the thinker hesitate to say that he
knows it all.
Placer Mining in 1912. The following notes are taken from the report
of the Geological Survey for 1912:
“The returns from the Alaska placer mines are far from being com­
plete, but the information at hand indicates that the value of the output
in 1912 was half a million dollars less than in 1911. This decrease was
due to the lessened output of the Fairbanks and Innoko-Iditarod regions.
On the other hand, a discovery of rich placer ground was made in the Koyokuk district on Hammond Creek, and promising finds were made in the
Ruby district and the Innoko-Iditarod region. A little mining was done
at Juneau, and some larger operations were carried on in the Porcupine
district. Beach mining continues to employ a score of men at Yakataga
and probably as many more in Southwestern Alaska, notably on Kodiak
Island. The season in the Nizina district was successful. Mining con­
tinued as in previous years in the Chistochina district, but was considerably
less in the Valdez Creek district, chiefly because a large number of claims
were under bond to a company which proposed to install a large hydraulic
plant. Hydraulic operations were continued at Crow Creek and on the
Kenai Peninsula, where a dredge was also put in operation. The Yentna
had a prosperous year. A few prospectors continued work in the Mulchatna
region, west of Lake Clark, but no important discoveries were made. In
the Fairbanks region it is estimated that between 130 and 140 different
plants were operated, and that from 900 to 1,500 men were employed.



Additional gold-bearing gravels are said to have been found on Fairbanks
Creek and the Chatanika Flats. Summer operations were much in excess
of those in the winter.”

BILL GOVERNING THE LOCATION OF PLACER CLAIMS
OF AUGUST 3, 1912
Be it enacted, etc., that no association placer-mining claim shall here­
after be located in Alaska in excess of forty acres, and on every placermining claim hereafter located in Alaska, and until a patent has been issued
therefor, not less than $100 worth of labor shall be performed or improve­
ments made during each year, including the year of location, for each and
every 20 acres or excess thereof.
Sec. 2. That no person shall hereafter locate any placer-mining claim
in Alaska as attorney for another unless he is duly authorized thereto by
a power of attorney in writing, duly acknowledged, and recorded in any
attorney’s office in the judicial division where the location is made. Any
person so authorized may locate placer-mining claims for not more than
two individuals or one association under such power of attorney, but no
such agent or power of attorney shall be authorized or permitted to locate
more than two placer-mining claims for any one principal or association
during any calendar month, and no placer-mining claim shall hereafter be
located in Alaska except under the limitations of this act.
Sec. 3. That no person shall hereafter locate, cause or procure to be
located for himself more than two placer-mining claims in any calendar
month; provided, that one or both such locations may be included in an
association claim.
Sec. 4. That no placer-mining claim hereafter located in Alaska shall
be patented which shall contain a greater area than is fixed by law, nor
which is longer than three times its greatest width.
Sec. 5. That any placer-mining claim attempted to be located in vio­
lation of this act shall be null and void, and the whole area thereof may
be located by any qualified locator as if no such prior attempt had been
made.

GOLD QUARTZ MINES

Gold quartz mines are being operated in six very widely separated
localities, viz: Southeastern Alaska, extending from Ketchikan to Berners
Bay; the Fairbanks region, extending some twenty-five miles along the
gold belt; the Kenai Peninsula, Susitna, and Valdez region; the Seward
Peninsula; Unga Island in Southwestern Alaska, and the Iditarod. The
following table shows the number of mills, arastras and other gold-saving
equipment in existence at the end of 1912, as nearly as can be ascertained.
Not all of them, however, were in operation during the year. Several in
the Fairbanks district were very recently installed, and a few were running
only a portion of the time, but it seems probable that the entire number
will be running during 1913:
S. E. Iditarod. Fairbanks. Kenai. Nome.
S. W. Total.
191 0
14
....
2
....
1
1
18
191 1
14
....
4
6
2
1
27
191 2
16
1
15
10
3
1
46



25

The numbers, however, have little to do with the capacity, as the ten
mills o f Southeastern Alaska have about one thousand stamps, and the
fifteen at Fairbanks only fifty-eight. They are given only to show the
spread o f the industry to all parts o f the territory and the birth o f a new
occupation which must creep before it can run. N either do they show the
relative value o f the product, as the one thousand stamps were running
on ore worth about $3.00 per ton, while the Fairbanks ore, so far m illed,
has probably yielded an average o f $50.00.

T R E A D W E L L M IN E, JU N EA U , 4,000 TONS OF GOLD ORE W O R K E D D A IL Y .
C E L E B R A T E D FOR L O W E S T COSTS OF M IN IN G — Photo by Case & Draper

Southeastern Alaska. Gold m ining operations occur all the way from
Ketchikan to Berners Bay, a distance o f 300 miles, both on the islands as
well as the mainland, but they obtain their m axim um development on
Douglas Island and Juneau, where the group o f fou r mines, collectively
known as the Treadwell Mine, are located, and on which 900 stamps are
employed, capable o f crushing from 4,000 to 5,000 tons d a ily ; and which
have produced probably 90 per cent o f all the gold derived from Alaska
quartz mines to date.
T he enormous dimensions o f the ore bodies and the success attained
in the m ining and reduction o f their low grade ores have made these mines
classic. A s a sample the results o f the operations o f three mines from
1898 to 1911 are given below :
Tons mined ................................................................................................................ .7,288,157
Total value ...............................................................................................................$17,152,282
A verage per ton......................................................................................... ......................... $2.35
Cost o f mining and milling per ton.............................................................................. 1.69
Profit per ton— 28 per cen t................................................................................................... 66




26

One cyanide plant from June 15th to December 31st, 1911, treated
2,911.52 tons o f concentrates with an average value o f $60.44 at a cost of
$2.81 per ton, and 96.5 per cent recovery.
T he greatest depth attained at the end o f 1911 was 1,800 feet. The
average value o f the ore in 1911 was $2.35, showing that the character o f
the ore has changed but little in depth, while over 2,000,000 tons o f re­
serves, ready fo r m ining, show assay values ranging from $2.94 to $3.24
per ton. As the depth reached is small compared with that attained else­
where, the outlook is very prom ising, when taken in connection with the
great width o f the ore bodies, which, while by no means uniform , in places
reaches a thickness o f 200 feet.
T he conditions in this district at the end o f 1912 are summed up as
follow s in the report o f the Geological S urvey:
“ T he most notable m ining advances in the territory during the year
were in the Juneau district. The Treadwell mine increased its output,
work was continued on the 6,000-foot tunnel o f the Alaska-Juneau mine,
and was begun on an adit tunnel o f the Alaska-Gastineau, which w ill be
about two miles in length. T his tunnel is to undercut the Perseverance
Mine, which, with the adjacent properties on Sheep Creek, has passed un­
der one management. The ore is to be carried to a m ill o f 6,000 tons daily
capacity, to be erected at tidewater. These enterprises, together with con­
tinuation o f work on the K ensington M ine and the reopening of the Jualin
Mine, in the Berner’ s Bay district, constitute an assurance that the pro­
duction o f gold in Alaska w ill not fa ll off, even aside from the promise o f
a larger output from other parts o f the territory. It is reported that dis­
coveries o f rich gold-bearing quartz veins have been made on Fun ter Bay,
A dm iralty Island. T w o mines (tw o 10-stamp m ills) were operated in the
Sitka district, as in the previous year, and the discovery of new gold-bearing
quartz veins is reported.”
A considerable num ber of. gold mines have been operated in the K etchi­
kan district with varying success. “ There was considerable advance on
auriferous lode m ining during the year. T he Goldstream M ine was again
operated, supplying a 5-stamp m ill. A 10-stamp m ill was installed at the
V alparaiso Mine and it is reported that the L on de V an Company cut a
gold-bearing galena vein at a depth o f 1,100 feet on George’ s Inlet.”
The Valdez-Kenai Peninsula-Susitna Belt. The belt o f slaty, goldproducing rocks in which the mines o f this region occur is o f great exten­
sion east and west, lying north o f and m ore or less parallel to the coastal
copper belt. F rom Valdez, where it is well exposed, it can be traced east­
erly to and across the Copper River Railway about mile 90, and up the
valley o f Brem ner R iv er; westerly it skirts the northern shores o f Prince
W illiam Sound, with prom ising prospects at the Susitna and W illow Creek,
a distance o f 200 miles. I t is a difficult region to prospect. The long rock
slopes reach high up the hillsides and are usually covered with a dense
growth o f brush, where not also timbered, so that rock exposures are often
few and far between. As a usual thing the veins are o f comparatively
small size, but with high gold values. P rom ising locations have been made
to the east and west o f Valdez, wThich town boasts the Cliff Mine, which
has paid dividends from the first run o f the mine and has been self-sustain­




27

ing from the start. Of this section the last report of the Geological Survey
says:
“At the Cliff Mine the opening of the fifth level is the most important
development of the year. Sinking was done at the Alice Mine at Shoup
Bay and preparations made for installing a mill. Development work was
also continued on the Mayfield property, nine miles from Shoup Bay, near
{he Columbia glacier, where an ore body has been opened on two levels.
. At the Ramsey and Rutherford property, east of the Valdez glacier, a min­
ing plant was installed and considerable development work accomplished,
the ore being opened to a depth of ninety feet below the outcrop.”
Considerable work was done in the vicinity of Port Wells, which has
made initial test shipments, and at other points in the northwest regions
of the Sound. Good-looking veins are also being developed west of the
Copper River Railway, but Bremner River is practically an untouched field.
The ores from the Cliff Mine recall the ores of the mother lode of Amador
County, California, as do also the ribbon-rock ores of Port Wells, showing
little heavy sulphide minerals. These seem to be much more abundant in
the ores esat of Valdez, if samples from the Ramsey group are any guide.
On the Kenai Peninsula the gold-bearing veins are found west of the
copper belt, which lies between them and the Sound, and extend from a few
miles north of Seward to Tumagain Arm, for some forty or fifty miles,
apparently in a comparatively narrow belt. "Three small mills, two on
Palls Creek and one on Porcupine Creek, were operated a part of the year.
Two arastras and one small prospecting mill were also operated in the
Moose Pass district, and considerable work was done on Palmer Creek, near
Sunrise. A gold lode prospect was opened near Bird Point on Tumagain
Arm, and a small shipment made to test its value.”
“In the Willow Creek district of the Susitna Valley three mills were
operated and development work continued with promising results. It is
reported that two of these properties are to be consolidated and opened on
a large scale, and also that several promising gold lodes were discovered in
this district during 1912. The veins are reported to maintain a good aver­
age width, and in addition to the free gold furnish concentrates of very
high grade.”
“Fairbanks unquestionably takes first rank in the amount of progress
and development in 1912. The quartz belt so far as at present known
extends from Ester Dome northeasterly to Pedro Dome, a distance of
twenty-five miles; but this does not mean a limit to its extension, or that
other zones may not be found elsewhere.” The first location was made
November 24, 1903, on Chatham Creek, two claims were staked July 14th,
and on September 12th the Free Gold Claim, known as the Rhoads Mine,
was staked, and the industry was born. In 1909 the first mill was built
with three home-made stamps; in. 1910 there were two mills; in 1911 there
were four, and in 1912 fifteen, either running or ready for work in 1913,
with a total of fifty-eight stamps; but probably not more than twenty-four
of these dropped on ore in 1912 and contributed to the gold production.
The results to date are estimated to have been for the vear 1909, $15,000;
1910, $30,000; 1911, $64,100; 1912, $200,000, and for 1913, $350,000.



28

That these figures are probably approximately correct is shown by the fol­
lowing mill returns for 1911:
Citizens Mill.
Number of lots milled.....................................................
11
Number of properties represented............................. .
11
Total tons worked...........................................................
48
Total values recovered....................................................$3,354.06
69.87
Average value per ton...................................................

Chena Mill.
5
5
292
$31,183.00
106.79

In 1912 the Chena Mill ceased operations early in the year (its use­
fulness being past) after recovering about $100,000, and the balance of the
estimated product came from the operation of private mills. (Note. The
Chena Mill was a public enterprise to foster the industry.)
The Geological Survey report will contain the following comments:
“Lode prospecting has been continued with increasing activity during the
year, and probably more than two hundred men were engaged in this work.
The notable features of the lodes are their great number, small size and
high tenor. Most of the veins from which free gold can be obtained by
panning are composed almost entirely of quartz, with sulphides either
absent or present only in moderate amounts. Antimony is the most com­
mon of the sulphides. Most of the veins have been discovered in two areas,
one stretching east and west from Pedro Dome and the other in the vicinity
of Ester Dome. It seems probable, however, that this distribution may be
accounted for by the localization of the prospecting, rather than by the
actual limitations of the distribution of auriferous veins. But few of the
richer veins so far discovered are more than one or two feet wide, and the
gold is, as a rule, confined to the vein itself. In some places, however, gold
has been found in the adjacent mineralized country rock. In general the
results obtained by the work of the year have been satisfactory.”
The number of claims on which more or less work has been done is
very large. Local news items seem to indicate that near Ester Dome the
veins are wider than indicated above, but with lower gold values, and that
near the head of Bedrock Creek some veins carry iron pyrites rich in gold
in combination, but of low value in free gold.
Despite the number of prospectors in the field it will be years before
its true value is discovered, as the moss-covered surface and the smooth
hills without rock outcrops makes the discovery of the veins very much a
matter of chance.
The following items as to current wages, etc., are taken from news­
paper publications at Fairbanks:
Good miners working eight hours earn daily $5.00, with board and
lodging. Good tool sharpeners as much as $7.00 for ten hours, also with
board. Wood at the mines is worth about $15.00 a cord and team haul for
ore ranges from 60 cents to $1.00 a ton per mile. The cost of mining and
milling appears to range between $6.00 and $10.00, varying with the dis­
tance hauled.
Outside the immediate vicinity of Fairbanks a small mill has been
erected to work a property on the Chandelar River, and gold-bearing veins
of promise are known in the Forty-Mile and Bonnifield districts.
Seward Peninsula, besides the 20-stamp mill on the Big Hurrah



29

Mine, has a 4-stamp mill on Snow Gulch and a custom mill at Nome,
where considerable ore has been sampled; which course seems especially
necessary, as much white quartz, not otherwise mineralized, is reported to
be gold bearing, as is the case near Fairbanks. A new mill is contemplated
at Bluff, sixty miles east of Nome. Quartz veins are numerous on the
peninsula and much prospecting has been done. Late Nome newspapers
speak very highly of the results of work on the New Era Mine.
In the Iditarod a gold-quartz deposit was opened on Gaines Creek
and a small mill installed, which has proved successful. More important
is the fact that many other metalliferous veins have been found and that
the geologic conditions are favorable to their occurrence in considerable
areas of the Innoko basins and adjacent portions of the Kuskokwim.
In the southwest, the Apollo Mine, on Unga Island, opened in 1891, is
the only one in operation. Some work was continued on the lode prospects
in the Illimna region, notably on the Duryea silver lfead deposit.

COPPER
PRODUCTION FROM 1880 TO 1912
1880 to 1910.
Tons of ore mined..............
328,047
Tons of copper produced..
16,897
Value of copper produced....$4,238,709
Value of gold and silver.... 1,580,299
Total value of ore.............. 5,819,008
17.74
Average value of ore........

1911.
68,975
13,634
$3,366,584
256,229
256,229
52.52

The producing mines were located as below:

1912.
93,447
14,615
$4,823,031
385,157
5,208,188
55.73

Total.
490,469
45,146
$12,428,324
2,221,685
14,650,009
29.87

1910 1911 1912
4
4
3
3
3
4
1
1
.................
.............
.............

Southeastern Alaska .......
Prince William Sound.......
Copper River Valley.........

7

8

8

HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY
The presence of copper in Alaska was known to the Russians at an
early date. Nuggets of the native metal and small household utensils
beaten out of the same were found in the possession of the natives, but
the Russians did not seem to have been acquainted with the actual locali­
ties from which the metal was obtained, further than that it was some­
where in the region of the head of the Copper and White Rivers, a country
practically unexplored prior to the purchase of Alaska by the United States.
The Indian word for copper is “Chiti,” hence we have such names as Chitina (na being river), Chititu, Chitistone, etc.
So far as known the opening up of the Copper River Valley was the
result of the Klondike excitement. Prospectors going in by way of Valdez
lingered in the valley, and in July, 1899, one of these was shown the Niko­
lai mine by an Indian, who found it by the aid of a map drawn by the old
chief Nikolai, after whom it was named. Situated amid glaciers at the



30




81

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

head of the Chitina River, a large affluent of the Copper, the locality was
so inaccessible that the discovery was practically valueless, as even solid
copper could not be mined and taken out of the country at a profit, as the
cost of transportation (up to April, 1911) was several times the value of
the mineral. In the belief, however, that railroads in a few years Would
open up the country, the copper belt on the north side of the Chitina was
prospected and located and a large amount of money spent on development
over a distance of nearly one hundred miles, extending from the Kotsina
on the west to the Nizina on the east; and the copper belt was traced still
farther to the eastward through Scolai Pass to the headwaters of the White
River. Continuing in this direction, native copper is now known at the
head of the Donjek (a branch of the White River), around the headwaters
of the Alsek, and the belt may probably continue to the copper discoveries
at Rainy Hollow, near the head of the Chilkat River, which drains into
Lynn Canal. This region, which may be best known as the Copper River
Belt, though part of it lies in Canadian territory, roughly parallels the
coast line of the Pacific Ocean, and approximately one hundred miles in­
land, and lies to the north of the St. Elias range and the Chugach Moun­
tains.
In 1899 the Geological Survey, examining the head of the White
River, reported a copper belt, similar to the one just described, following
the northern slopes of the Wrangell Mountains, and bounded on the north
by the Tanana River; just as the belt already described follows the southern
base of that lofty volcanic range. This region may be best described as the
Tanana-Nabesna belt, from the names of its two most prominent streams,
and lies about 200 miles, in an air line, southeast of Fairbanks, in the
Tanana Valley, and naturally tributary thereto, though at present as inac­
cessible as was the Chitina region in 1908. Its development can only come
through the extension of railroad facilities, as the Tanana in its upper
reaches is not a navigable stream.
Thus, while these two belts had been fairly prospected, no copper was
shipped until April, 1911, on which date the Copper River and Northwest­
ern Railroad was completed to the Bonanza Mine on Kennicott Creek, 196
miles from Cordova, its ocean terminus, and over 1,000 tons of copper ore,
having an approximate value of $250,000, was sent out on the first train as
an earnest of future production. These shipments have continued, but un­
toward conditions to be spoken of later have prevented the extraction of
the abundant low and medium grade ores which have been developed in
many other mines of the district. It is only the extreme richness of the
Bonanza ores, containing some 1,300 pounds of copper to the ton (65 per
cent) which has made their shipment profitable. How the opening up of
this rich deposit affected the production of copper in Alaska may be judged
from a rise in value from $588,897 in 1910 to $4,600,000 in 1912.
While these explorations were in progress, with Valdez as a convenient
base, prospectors began to search the shores of Prince William Sound, and
it soon became apparent that copper would be found in many localities.
The Geological Survey in 1898 notes its occurrence at the Gladhaugh
Mine (now known as Ellamar) and also at Land-Locked Bay on the main-

B O N A N ZA COPPER M IN E A N D R. R. T E R M IN U S A T K E N N IC O T T , COPPER
R IV E R B A SIN — Photo by E. A. H egg

lan d ; as well as on B ligh, Latouche and K n igh t Islands. The Ellam ar
Mine is said to have been known in 1895, but was not located until 1897,
at which time the price o f copper rose to 25 cents a pound, and caused the
location o f every outcrop then known. Shipments from the region have
steadily increased. T his belt is separated from the Copper River by the
Chugach Mountains and the Y aldez gold belt.
In the K n ik region copper was reported in 1906, occurring under
similar conditions to those existing on P rince W illiam S o u n d ; and prior
to 1908 numerous locations were made on the east side o f Resurrection Bay
on the K enai Peninsula, and on the south side o f T urnagain A rm native
copper was fou n d in the sluice boxes o f the hydraulic miners, which re­
sulted in the exploitation o f a vein carrying sulphides, with unknown re­
sults. The whole coastal region may be appropriately called the Prince
W illiam Sound Belt, and is characterized by the yellow copper-sulphide ore,
the high grades o f the Chitina being absent.
T he southeastern belt, on P rince o f W ales and adjacent islands in the
Alexander A rchipelago, is the only other im portant locality in Alaska,
standing third in the list o f annual production, although up to 1908 it held
first place, a position usurped by P rince W illiam Sound in 1908 and by
the Copper River Y alley in 1911. T he mines lie ju st west o f Ketchikan
and are clustered around the little towns o f H adley, Sulzer, D olom i and
Niblack. The district lies on the direct route to Juneau and Skagway, and
as a natural result many locations were made on its mineral deposits as
early as 1900 and 1901. D evelopm ent progressed slowly until the high
price o f copper fro m 1905 to 1907 made low-grade ores available, and p ro­
duction reached its m axim um in the last named year, when copper was
quoted at 25 cents per pound. W ith the sudden drop that ensued, p ro­




32

duction fell off rapidly and in 1908 the Hadley smelter on the Kassan
Peninsula was closed down. The higher price o f copper in 1912 has had
a stim ulating effect, which appears likely to continue.
Comparatively little is known o f the copper resources o f the Alaska
Peninsula, but it is reported as occurring as a sulphide near Tyonek, and
was known in the Illiam na region, in association with rocks very similar
to those in the Chitina V alley, as far back as 1905. T his portion o f the
peninsula, ju d gin g from recently acquired inform ation, promises to become
an im portant producer. H igh grade sulphide ores appear to be abundant,
associated with the native metal, in localities not far inland from Illiam na
Bay, and o f easy access from tidewater, while the deposits appear to be o f
great width and continuity. Less im portant occurrences are also reported
L'rom the Seward Peninsula and elsewhere.
The Prospector will find it o f interest to note that in all o f these
localities the copper ores are associated with a group of rocks included
under the general term o f “ Greenstones,” and the ores when not actually
found in the greenstones occur in their immediate vicinity. The associa­
tion is so perfect that it would seem useless in Alaska to look fo r copper
deposits outside o f these greenstone areas, or sim ilar areas not yet known
to exist. These greenstones are ancient lava flows and are largely pro­
ductive o f native copper in the Lake Superior region and many other places
in the world, widely scattered; but it does not follow that all these flows
carry copper in merchantable quantities. In the Tamarack shaft, while
sinking 5,000 feet, 83 such flows o f greenstone, with other rocks interven­
ing, were passed through before the paying band was encountered. As
before noted, native silver occurs with native copper on the Chitina, thus
reproducing the conditions m et with in Michigan.
Unlike gold, copper has no fixed price, but varies in value from time
to time, and these fluctuations in the selling price have had a marked in­
fluence on its production in Alaska. On Prince o f Wales Island and its
vicinity the copper ores carry considerable amounts o f gold and silver, and
it was due to this fa ct that they were valuable in spite o f their compara­
tively low copper contents, as shown by the ore mined from 1880 to 1910
on the first lines o f this article.
Transportation and Coal. The mines in the southeast region and on
Prince W illiam Sound are all located on or near deep water navigation,
and enjoy the advantages o f constant com m unication with the outside at
moderate freight rates, while the terms o f labor are not excessive. The
southeast region cannot expect any radical changes, as the mines have a
local smelter, and Alaska coal m ight possibly come into com petition with
that from W ashington and British Columbia.
On Prince W illiam Sound the case is different. The ocean distance
to existing smelters is double the distance from Southeast Alaska to sim i­
lar facilities, increasing the cost o f co a l; and as the ores are o f a smelting
type, not perm itting o f m uch concentration, this region cannot secure fu ll
development until the Alaskan coal fields are opened up and smelters can
secure home fuel at reasonable cost. As the case now stands, the ore has
to pay freight on a very large percentage o f waste material (w hich would
be eliminated in sm elting) and only ores o f fairly high grade can be shipped




33

remuneratively.
The erection o f reduction works on the Sound would
stimulate production, as ores o f a m uch lower grade would become avail­
able, and such ores are always more abundant than the others many times
over.
The Copper Eiver Basin is even more vitally interested in the coal
problem than are the mines on the Sound, fo r it affects the cost o f railroad
transportation, as well as ocean freight. H a d it not been fo r the known
presence o f the marvelously rich ores o f the Bonanza Mine, and the proba­
bility o f a constantly increasing coal traffic from the B ering fields, the C op­
per Eiver Railroad would never have been built. W ithout the coal tonnage
the traffic is small and the rates high, although it offers a very reasonable
graduated scale, based on the value o f the ore. Its one producing mine
with ores running up to 70 per cent can afford a high rate, but the num er­
ous others with large developed bodies o f low to m edium grade, m ust wait
until modified conditions relieve them o f some o f their burdens and ju stify
the construction o f the num erous branch roads which are necessary to place
them on the shipping list. Some idea o f the drawbacks through which this
region has fou gh t its way may be ju d ged from the fa ct that in early days
freightin g from the seaboard cost ali the way from $500 to $2,000 a ton,
according to the season o f the year and the location o f the property. Even
the native copper fou n d in the placers or scattered over the hillsides was
a waste product in those days.

COPPER MINING IN 1912
The follow in g extracts are from advance copies o f the annual report
o f the Geological Survey fo r 1912:

Chitina Valley. “ A t the east end o f the field work was continued on
the M other Lode, .Nikolai and W estover properties, and also on a property
located on an island in the K ennicott glacier. Prospecting and development
were especially active in the vicinity o f Kuskulana River. H ere the largest
operations were those o f the Great N orthern Development Company, which
completed about 5,000 feet o f development work. The Alaska-Consolidated
Copper Company carried on development work on N ugget Creek and on the
Rarus group o f claims. The Alaska U nited Copper E xploration Company
continued work on the Blackburn group located on Porcupine Creek. In
addition to the above, a large number o f claims were opened in the Kusku­
lana region during the summer. T his field is now readily accessible from
the railway, and a branch has been surveyed which would perm it the ship­
ment o f ore.”
Prince William Sound. “ The Ellam ar, Three-man, Latouche and
Land-Locked Bay Copper Company were shippers (and were joined in 1913
by the F id a lg o ). Developm ent work was carried forw ard on a large num ­
ber o f other claims, some o f which promise to become shippers at an early
date. A notable advance was that made on the Solom on Gulch properties
near Valdez.”
Southeast Alaska. “ The Jum bo and Rush & Brow n M ines were the
only considerable shippers. The Mt. Andrews Mine was idle m ost o f the




34

Tanana-Nabesna. '‘About twenty-five men are said to be carrying on
prospecting and assessment work in the White River region, and there are
also some in the Nabesna district.”
Prospectors report the finding of ore in the Matanuska Valley on
Sheep Mountain. Some ore has also been located on the headwaters of
the Susitna, on a tributary of McLaren River. Prospecting also continued
in the Iliamna region.”

TIN
Tin occurs in Alaska on the Seward Peninsula, and in the Hot Springs
region of the Tanana Valley, both as placer or stream tin and in lodes or
veins. The Hot Springs discovery is of recent date, and if reports are
true the mineral has been found in place as well as in placer form. The
metal has also been found in Cleary Creek, near Fairbanks; near Circle
City on Deadwood Creek, and its presence on the Noatak has recently been
reported, showing a wide distribution.
Of chief importance, however, at this date, the region north of Nome,
near Cape Teller, is pre-eminent. The mineral was discovered in 1900, as
heavy pebbles in the sluice boxes, which interfered with the gold saving,
and its true character was not known till later. The first efforts to save
it were made in 1902 on Buck Creek, on which stream a dredge was in
operation in 1912, and tin mining has taken its place as a regular industry
of considerable promise, owing to the high price of the metal and the de­
creasing production of the East Indian fields. England’s mines have long
ceased to be a controlling factor.
On Seward Peninsula tin is reported to occur over an area of 450
square miles. Tin-bearing lodes have been found at Tin City, near Cape
Prince of Wales, and at Ears Mountains, 40 miles to the north and farther
inland. A small mill was erected at Tin City, and the last report of the
IT. S. Geological Survey says that “the results of the operations of the
Lost River lodes in 1912 are reported to justify further investments and
the installation of a mill. This property promises to become the first pro­
ductive lode-tin mine in Alaska.”
The official report of the Commerce of Alaska gives the value of tin
ores exported as follows:
1909______ J................... ........... $ 8,230
19ll...v........................................ 41,830

1910............................................ $ 6,750
1912............................................ 90,831

In view of the enormous amount of tin plate used by the cannery es­
tablishments on the Pacific Coast, both for fish, fruit and milk, the suc­
cess of these mines is of deep interest. Should their output become suffi­
cient to warrant smelting works on the Coast, it would greatly stimulate the



S6

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

time, but plans have been made for its reopening and systematic develop­
ment; and such was the case with the Copper Mount Mine. Developments
were continued on the It, the Red Wing, the Victory and the Lhote & San­
ford properties.”

tin plate industry, as under present conditions tin ores from all the fields
of the world go to Europe for reduction and subsequent redistribution in
metallic form, thus involving heavy transportation charges. The produc­
tion of tin elsewhere in the United States is nominal.

MINERALS OF MINOR IMPORTANCE
IRON is abundant at several points in the territory, but not in localities

where it can be made valuable under present conditions. Hema­
tite occurs on Seward Peninsula a few miles north of Nome, and is re­
ported from the head of the Chitina Valley. Chrome iron is found on the
Kenai Peninsula near Seldovia, but there are no estimates of quantity at
any of these localities. Though no official reports of the extent of the
iron ore near Nome are available, the quantity is said to be very large, a
statement which seems justified by photographs, and the quality excellent.
If opened, the field might offer return cargoes for the vessels now return­
ing light from Nome.
MERCURY. Small pebbles of cinnabar occur in the sluice boxes of the
placers in the north portion of the Copper River Valley, and are
also reported from the Iditarod, but their sources are unknown. The metal,
however, is found in place in the Kuskokwim Valley not far from George­
town, and may ultimately be a source of profit. In the Chisna region a
lime-basalt contact occurs, which may possibly be the source of the placer
pebbles.
LEAD. No mines are at present operated for lead alone, although the
metal occurs in the Ketchikan district. The old mine on the
Fish River on Seward Peninsula, which for years was marked on the map?
as a silver mine, has not been operated for many years, although the galena
was known to carry good values in silver. Only such silver-bearing ores
could be mined at present, the price of lead alone not allowing its export.
A N TIM O N Y. High-grade antimony is reported from Seward Peninsula
and several other localities, that in the Chitina Valley being asso­
ciated with native gold, but in the absence of smelting facilities the ores
have but little present value.
BISM U TH AN D TUNGSTEN. Ores of both these metals are reported,
those of tungsten being found in some parts of the Seward Pe­
ninsula in the sluice boxes, and bismuth in the Fairbanks region.
None of these metals, except tin, are likely to attract special attention
for some years to come, their exploitation being costly and the reduction
facilities being absent.
PLATIN UM . This valuable metal, of which Russia is at present the
largest producer, is found in small quantities in the sluice boxes
of many placer camps, and probably more abundantly than is suspected,
its presence being masked by the iron in the black sands. Recent unofficial
reports, however, indicate its presence on the Tulusak River, which enters
the Kuskokwim from the east about sixty miles above Bethel. It is inter­
esting to note that a belt of rocks of the same age geologically as those
which yield the platimim-placers of Russia is indicated on the late maps of



36

the Geological Survey as crossing the head o f the Tulusak, suggesting that
the presence o f the platinum in the sluice boxes may prove to be a fa ct of
com m ercial value, especially as the metal now comm ands about $40 an
ounce, or double the value o f gold.

NON-METALLIC MINERALS
COAL

Q U E E N V E IN , B E R IN G COAL F IE L D , 40 F E E T OF COAL IN
— Photo by J. L. McPherson

8 O-FOOT CUT

T he coal fields o f Alaska cover an enormous area, estimated by the
U . S. G eological Survey at 12,667 square miles. They occur in all parts
o f the T erritory, from the Pacific to the A rctic Oceans, the least favored
section being the islands o f the southeastern portion, where the deposits
are o f lim ited extent.
T he deposits o f high grade character, round which the coal controversy
has centered, are those in the B ering field near Katalla, and Controller Bay,
and those in the Matanuska V alley, north o f Seward. A sim ilar grade is
fou n d at Cape Lisbourne, beyond the A rctic Circle, from which whaling
vessels obtain their supplies, but the inaccessibility o f the locality takes it
out o f the field o f com petition. T he rem aining fields are o f lower grade,
known as lignite, admirably suited fo r household and general m anufactur­
ing purposes, but not adapted to the m anufacture o f coke or fo r smelting
operations, nor fo r the use o f naval or large ocean steamers where either
a small volume o f smoke or econom y o f space, or both, are essential factors.
In passing it may be said that the higher grade coals o f these fields are
fou n d nowhere else near the shores o f the P acific Ocean, either west or
east.




87

The Matanuska field can be placed in communication with tidewater
at Seward by a railroad 185 miles long, of which 72 miles is already con­
structed, as pointed out by the recent railroad commission. The Bering
field can be connected with the port of Cordova, by either 76 or 90 miles
of rail on different routes, of which 38 are at present constructed as
part of the Copper River and Northwestern Railway, and the remaining
38 or 52 miles could be built in one season. If a port could be opened on
Controller Bay, these distances would be reduced to about 25 miles. With
the construction of two or more roads, both fields would be opened and
supply their respective territories, as well as open markets outside on a
competitive basis. Analyses of the coals in these two fields, ranging from
bituminous to anthracite, show that in quality they are equal to those of
similar fields in the eastern states.
As far as the exploitation and development of the eastern half of the
territory is concerned; the immense deposits at the head of the Nenana
River (Cantwell on many maps) claim attention, being close to the route of
the suggested railroad through the Copper River Valley, and only about
70 miles from Fairbanks, and the Tanana River. The recnt government
report on this field, known as the Bonnifield, just issued, gives some astound­
ing figures, showing in the best developed natural cross section veins varying
in thickness from 1 to 40 feet, with an aggregate thickness of 231 feet; and
in a careful summary estimates the total volume of coal in an area of 122
square miles at 9,950,000,000 or nearly ten billion tons, remarking that
this quantity may possibly be only one-third of the actual amount. While
a lignite, the coal is of great value on account of its accessibility to the
interior and the ease with which it can be mined.
Several other fields of minor extent and similar composition occur along
the upper Yukon below Eagle City. Similar fields on the lower Yukon
near Nulato would become tributary to the western projected railroad, to
be distributed in the mining camps of the southwest and the valley of the
Knskokwim.
Coal lands north of the Yukon may for the present be considered a
negligible quantity, although in addition to the deposits near Cape Lisbume.
extensive areas are known on the coast to the eastward as well as on the Col­
ville River beyond the Arctic circle.
Returning to the coast of the Pacific, there is a very extensive field
of lignite along the west coast of the Kenai Peninsula, well shown along
the shores of Cook Inlet, near the mouth of which the small towns of Homer
and Seldovia are located. This field has the honor to receive the first coal
patent issued in Alaska. Judging from published maps of the Geological
Survey, a larger area is here underlain with coal than at any other point in
the territory, though the total thickness may not be as great. Work on
the deposits has been carried on for many years, and being on tide water
the facilities for shipment are excellent. Owing to the scarcity of coal
lands in California, the Southern Pacific Railroad is said to have tested
the coal many years ago as a possible source of supply, but relinquished
the attempt owing to the risk of field fires, from excessive sparking under
forced draft. This is stated by Dali in his report on Alaska coals to be
due to the abundance of small pellets of fossil resin with which it is im


* •

Other coastal deposits occur at Chignik, and at Hereenden Bay or
Coal H arbor, near the western end o f the Alaska Peninsula, where small
quantities are m ined fo r use in salmon canneries and fishing vessels.
P rom the foregoing enum eration o f localities, om itting others o f m inor
im portance, it can be seen that every portion o f the territory can be cheaply
supplied with fu el as its development demands, while the inability o f the
population at the present time to use these resources is resulting in the
denudation o f the interior woodlands at a rapid rate, and in late reports
it has been suggested that all woodlands in Alaska should be placed under
governm ent authority. T he opening o f the coal lands is the best remedy
fo r this state o f things. In a thinly wooded district the price o f fuel must
increase steadily as the nearby supplies are exhausted, while the cost o f
hauling cord-w ood equal in heating capacity to a ton o f coal is several
times as great.
The production o f coal in Alaska, beginning with 1,200 tons in 1899,
reached a m axim um o f 10,139 tons in 1907, and in 1911 had dwindled to
900 tons, with a total o f 36,314 tons in thirteen years, while the total con­
sum ption was 1,440,104, or about two and a half per cent. F or 1911 the
production only equalled about seven-tenths o f one per cent, 900 tons out
o f 121,728 consum ed!
On this subject the follow in g paragraph is taken from a general review
in B ulletin 442 o f the Geological Survey, to which' reference is m a d e :

CAMP— B E R IN G COAL F IE L D — Photo by J. L. McPherson




39

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

pregnated. As the trouble seemed to develop under forced d raft only, the
fact does not injure it fo r domestic use, and with cheap freight it may still
probably find a good market in San Francisco, which draws its supplies
from E ngland, Japan and Australia as well as from the state o f Wash­
ington.

“In considering the above table (of distribution) it must be remem­
bered that these estimates cover only the 1,202 square miles of coal lands,
namely, that part of the coal fields which, with a reasonable degree of cer­
tainty, is believed to be underlain by workable coal beds. No allowance
whatever is made for the remainder of the 12,667 square miles mapped as
coal fields. * * * It is therefore probably safe to say that the mini­
mum estimate of Alaska’s coal resources should be placed at 150,000,000,000
tons and that the actual tonnage may be many times that amount. These
figures indicate coal resources far in excess of the original coal supply of
Pennsylvania. It must be remembered, however, that over half the Alaska
coal is lignite, while all of the Pennsylvania coal is of high grade/’
It must not be inferred, however, from the above statement that these
lignites are valueless. They form a very large part of the world’s supply
for all uses except some special industries, and the world would be cold
without them.
Finally, however great may be the estimated tonnage of coal in Alaska,
and its estimated money value, it is not worth the price of a cold breakfast
on a frosty morning unless it is worked and marketed.
GRAPHITE, or Plumbago, frequently called black-lead, and used for the
manufacture of pencils, stove polish and lubricants, is found on
the Seward Peninsula about ten miles from the coast opposite Sledge
Island, but has not yet become an article of commerce. Samples of good
quality in the cabinet of the bureau are said to come from Hot Springs in
the Tanana Valley.
GYPSUM, for the manufacture of plaster of paris, and “land plaster” as
a fertilizer, as well as various preparations for kalsomining, is
mined on an extensive scale at Gypsum, on Chatham Straits about 70 miles
from Juneau. The crude rock (a sulphate of lime, some varieties of which
are erroneously called isinglass) is shipped to Tacoma and there worked up
into various forms for sale.
The value of the crude article as shipped was, in
190 9
$114,565
1911......................................$124,200
191 0
152,590
1912...................................... 129,375
The probable future value of this industry may be judged from the
fact that it is produced in only eighteen states, which produced in 1911,
2,323,970 tons, with imports from abroad of 390,388 tons.
MARBLE. An excellent quality of marble is found in the southern islands
west of Ketchikan. The most important of these deposits occur at
Calder Bay, at the north end of Prince of Wales Island, on Ham Island
in the Wrangell Mining District, and at Tokeen Bay in Davidson’s Inlet.
The product of the quarries is equal to the best Vermont grades. The ship­
ments have increased in value from $45,982 in 1909 to $77,159 in 1912.
HOT AN D M IN ERAL SPRINGS occur in widely scattered regions, viz:
Nome Peninsula, Tanana Valley and the Southeastern districts.
PETROLEUM. Oil seepages have been known in Alaska for a period of
fifty years, those first detected being in the Illiamna region on
Cook Inlet. Work has been done in this field, and also at Cold Bay on
the Alaska Peninsula to the southwest, but while the wells occasionally




40

. gave a few barrels daily, they appear to have been lost on account o f broken
ground or the influx o f an excessive amount o f water.
W hat are known as the Katalla fields near Controller Bay, southeast
o f Cordova, are the only ones which have become producers, and embrace
the larger part o f the 100 square miles o f oil fields estimated to exist in
Alaska. V aryin g success has attended the deep wells in this region, but at
the present time the district is producing a lim ited amount o f gasoline
:rom a local distillery. I t is to be hoped that the explorations in this field
vill meet with all success, as unlike the oils o f California, which have an
isphalt base, the Alaskan fields have a paraffine base and this type, o f
which gasoline is a product, are becom ing more valuable daily.

FISHERIES
V A L U E $17,391,578 F O R 1912
T O T A L V A L U E T O 1912 $167,420,118
H E fishing industry o f Alaska is assuming immense proportions. A
substantial increase o f production was made in all lines over the year

T

1911,
as shown in the report o f the Departm ent o f Commerce and
Labor, from which the follow in g statements are condensed. A s an illus­
tration it m ay be said that 26 new salmon packing establishments were
built during 1912, while large additions have been made to the fleets en­
gaged in the deep sea and whaling industries.
The salmon industry now extends from Ketchikan in Southeast
Alaska, fo r a distance o f 2,000 miles, follow in g the general course o f the
shore line, to Bristol Bay in B ering Sea, and at this time an unknown
distance beyond, but not less than 800 miles, both on the mainland and th«




41

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

OIL W E L L , 4 M IL E S W E S T OP K A T A L L A — Photo by J. L. McPherson

FISHERIES

ALASKA
COMPILED BY

A lask a B u r e a u
S eattle
C h a m b e r of C ommerce




1913

St a t is t ic s
Canner
Salmon Saltenes 36
Herring Stations
4
Halibut Stations
t
Codfish Stations 14
Whaling; Stations
3
U.S. Hatcheries
2
Reserve*
Capital Invested
Value of Product 1912
Value of Product l867-l9i2

* 22.671387
16,400582
226,391,139

larger islands. Five species of salmon are used com m ercially, known re­
spectively as 1, Coho or silver; 2, D og or C hu m ; 3, H um pback or p in k ; 4,
K in g or sp rin g ; 5, red or Sockeye. O f these the K in g is especially val­
uable on account o f its large size, as it attains a length o f fo u r feet and
a weight o f more than 30 pounds, and the Sockeye on account o f the deep
red color o f the flesh which many people im agine is essential to a good
fish. T he Silver salmon is the smallest o f the group, and the D og salmon
acquired its unfortunate name from its great abundance in northern waters,
where it is dried by the natives in large quantities to feed their dogs. As
a matter o f fact it is an excellent food fish, but the pale color o f the flesh
depreciates its com m ercial value.
The halibut fishery is carried on chiefly off the shores o f the islands o f
Southeast Alaska, the headquarters o f the industry being Ketchikan and
Petersburg.
T he cod fish banks are located along both the north and south shores
o f the Alaska Peninsula, the curing stations to the num ber o f fourteen
being located on the Shum agin and neighboring islands. These fishing
grounds are said to be the m ost extensive in the world and the catch is
only lim ited by the demand.
In 1911 ten vessels, o f an aggregate net tonnage o f 2,477 tons, sailing
from the ports o f P uget Sound and San Francisco, were engaged in the
industry, carrying their catch direct to their home ports. T heir catch
amounted to 7,708,000 pounds, valued at $231,240. The shore stations

B A R G E OF SAL M O N ; 18,000 FISH , O N E -H A L F OF CATCH IN 24 HOURS
ONE T R A P — Photo by Case & Draper (Copyright)




43

IN

employed 284 persons and the catch was 3,597,288 pounds o f prepared
products, valued at $108,790, m aking a total o f $3 4 0 ,0 3 0 ; an increase o f
50 per cent over the previous year.
H erring abound in numbers beyond conception in the waters o f the
Southeastern A rchipelago, those in the northern waters equaling in size
and flavor the fa r fam ed Y arm outh bloaters o f England. They are pre­
pared fo r the m arket both as food , oil and fertilizer, and are the ch ief bait
used in the cod and halibut fisheries. The number o f fish in some o f the
“ schools” is beyond com putation. In m any o f the shallow bays hundreds
o f thousands are frequently left by the receding tid es; the quantity being
so great in a recent case, where the fish were caught in a sudden freeze
and washed ashore in a solid mass, as to be a menace to health. F our fa c­
tories fo r com m ercial products are located at K illisn oo and other points
west and south o f Juneau.
W hile the above form s o f fish life furnish the bulk o f com m ercial
products, reliable authorities state that no less than 250 kinds o f edible
fish are fou n d in Alaskan waters. T rou t and grayling abound in all the
lakes and streams and make the territory an angler’s paradise.
T hough whales are not strictly fish in a scientific sense, their mode
o f life and sim ilarity o f shape, as well as the apparatus required in their
capture, bring them into the fish group com m ercially.
The gradually dim inishing number o f the A rctic whales (produ cin g
whalebone) has radically changed m odern methods. I t is now customary
to have a home shore station fro m which small pow erful steamers cruise,
killing the whale with explosive bombs, inflating them to prevent sinking,
and tow ing them to the rendering works on shore. Three such stations
were operated in 1912, o f which two are located on B aronoff Island and
another on Akutan Island, near D utch H arbor in the Aleutian Islands.
The total weight o f fo o d fishes taken during the season in 1911 was
256,154,109 pounds, or more than 128,000 tons. The total weight o f the
prepared product was 177,572,873 pounds, or 88,786 tons, valued at $16,391,139 fo r the fish and whaling industries, and $9,943 fo r other sea prod­
ucts, such as crabs, clams and sea weeds, m aking a grand total o f $16,401,802. (E ep ort o f governor in 1 9 1 1 ). Seventeen thousand nine hundred and
thirty-two persons were em ployed in the fishing industries and the capital
invested was:
In vessels of all kinds................................................................................................... $ 5,559,534
Sea fishing apparatus...................................................................................................
27,782
Shore fishing apparatus...............................................................................................
724,383
Shore property ................................................................................................................. 7,564,023
Cash c a p ita l.......................................................................................................................
8,795,665
$22,671,387

O f this sum $19,931,215 was invested in the salmon cannery industry,
producing 2,823,817 cases o f salmon, valued at $14,593,237. In 1912 the
product was 4,060,189 cases, valued at $15,551,794.
The
The
The
The

value
value
value
value

of mild cured salmon was.........................................................................$419,138
of pickled salmon was............................................................................... 203,988
of fresh salmon was...................................................................................... 108,922
of frozen salmon was.................................................................................... 18,024




44

value
value
value
value

of codfish was.......... ........................................................................................
of halibut was...................................................................................................
of herring was.................................................................................................
of whales was.................................................................................................

240,030
822,370
201,909
104,084

Several m inor streams on the islands and mainland south o f Juneau,
as well as all o f A fognak Island, south o f Cook Inlet, are set aside as re­
serves fo r “ hatcheries” and a recent order extends this restriction to all
streams entering Cook Inlet itself, thus covering all o f the extensive water­
shed o f the Susitna River.

SEALS
V A L U E $416,992.40 F O R 1911
T O T A L V A L U E T O 1912 $52,252,135

SEALS.

The immense herds o f seals which annually resort to the P ribilof
and St. George Islands in B ering Sea fo r breeding purposes was
estimated at 123,600 on a recent count, being a slight increase over the
previous year; and was estimated to consist o f mature males, 3 ,885; young
males from pups to three years old, 35,781; mature females, 4 1,480; young
females from pups to two years old, 4 2 ,4 5 4 ; or a total o f 39,666 males and
83,934 females.
The form er leasing system has been abandoned, and the islands are
now under the direct management o f the United States government. The
follow ing details are from the annual report of the Department o f Labor
and Com m erce:
1910
Number of seal skins taken.........................................................
12,920
Gross receipts for same..................................................................$435,083.90
Average per skin...............................................................................
33.68
Net receipts for same*.................................................................. 403,946.94
Estimated receipts to U. S. under old least system...... 131,007.00

1911
12,002
$415,992.40
34.74
385,862.28
122,720.45

*From which must be deducted the costs of management.

These herds, num bering 123,600, are all that are left o f the 4,000,000
to 5,000,000 which form erly made these islands in B ering Sea their sum­
mer rendezvous, overkilling, raids by poachers o f various nationalities,
and pelagic, or open sea killing, having wrought the destruction. Under
present conditions and the stoppage o f pelagic sealing, the herds seem
to be increasing in number.

FURS
V A L U E F O R 1912 $370,519
T O T A L V A L U E T O 1912 $22,216,872
W hile the number o f fur-bearing animals in Alaska is undoubtedly
m uch smaller than in the days o f Russian occupation, the annual output
o f skins is still an im portant industry, as may be ju dged from the follow ­
ing official table covering the year ending December 31, 1912:
Bear, black ............................................. ..................................
Bear, brown .............................................................................
Bear, cinnamon .................................... ..................................
Bear, glacier ........................................ ..........................
Bear, polar ............................................. ..................................
Beaver ...................................................... ..................................




45

No.
618
23
9
1
313
118

$

Value. Av. Value.
5,676
$ 9.18
864
37.65
10.00
90
10
10.00
15.92
4,985
582
5.00

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

The
The
The
The

No.

Ermine _____ ____ ______________
Weasel ________________________ _______________
699
Mink __________________________ _______________ 21,595
Marten ________________________ ......... .................. 6,155
Lynx __________________________ ........................... 1,208
179
Wolverine ...................................... ........ ..................
77
Wolf ............................................... ...........................
TP&x, b la ck ...................................... ...........................
1
Fox, b lu e ........................................ ........................... 1,300
402
Fox, cross _____________________ ...........................
Fox, red ........................................ ........................... 7,499
10
Fox, silver ____________________ ...........................
Fox, silvery grey.......................................................
72
Fox, white .................................... ........................... 8,083
61
Hares, Arctic __________________ _________ _____
291
Squirrel _______________________ ...........................
Musk rat ______________________ _______________ 81,123
Otter, land ____________________ _______________ 1,124
Otter, sea _____________________ _______________
24
135,896

Valtie. Av. Value.
3,622
479
77,717
53,509
23,601
1,191
505
293
44,897
3,459
48,522
1,795
7,593
51,912
34
38
17,903
10,622
10,620

.86
.68
3.60
8.70
19.54
6.65
6.55
293.00
34.54
8.60
6.48
179.50
10.55
6.30
.56
.13
.22
9.45
405.00

$370,519

The steadily decreasing number of valuable furs has resulted in num­
erous attempts at fox-taming, which have been more or less successful on
some of the smaller islands along the Alaska Peninsula. The Canadian
government is trying in this way to re-people its depopulated forests, and
live black, blue or silver fox are in great demand for stocking new experi­
mental stations. The shipment of live fur bearing animals out of Alaska
is unlawful and permits to do so must be obtained from the Secretary of
the Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C.
The laws regulating the killing of all fur-bearing animals are very
stringent. All shipment of furs, which may be made at any time, must be
reported to the Bureau of Fisheries, Department of Commerce and Labor,
on appropriate blanks which will be supplied for that purpose. The regu­
lations as to the closed season for various animals are:
Sea otter—Closed season extends to Nov. 1, 1920.
Beaver—Closed season extends to Nov. 1, 1915.
Land otter and mink—Closed season, April 1 to Nov. 15, inc.
Marten, fisher, sable—Closed season, April 1 to Nov. 15, inc.
Ermine and weasel—Closed season, April 1 to Nov. 15, inc.
Muskrat—Closed season, May 16 to Nov. 30, inc.
Black bear—Closed season, June 1 to Aug. 31, inc.
Fox, lynx and wildcat—Closed season, March 1 to Nov. 15, inc.
Wolf, wolverine, squirrels, rabbits, hares—No closed season.

For other game special permits must be secured, limiting the number
which may be killed by each individual.

AGRICULTURE
( Authorities:

U. S. Agricultural Reports and C. C. Georgeson, Special
Agent in Charge of Alaskan Experimental Stations.)

HE individual phases of this industry are dealt with under the sub­
heads which follow, and the regions adapted to special branches are
there indicated. Competent authorities estimate that approximately

T




46

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

ALASKA
COMPILED BY

A laska B u r e a u
S eattle
C h a m b e r of Commerce




LAND AREAS
Suitable for cultivation or
grazing when cleared,
e stim ate d a t approximately
100.000 s q u a re miles.

100,000 square miles o f valley lands, with their adjacent low foothills, are
available as arable and grazing land, com prising the valleys o f the Y ukon ,
Tanana, Susitna, Copper River, and portions o f the Kuskokwim , with lesser
areas on the m inor streams, as well as a considerable portion o f the Kenai
Peninsula, and the Alaska Peninsula, including its adjacent islands.
D u ring the last two years the governm ent has surveyed and sectionized
some 200,000 acres in the Susitna, Tanana and Copper River Valleys, all
this area being open to homestead settlement in tracts o f 320 acres, with
a three years’ residence, the time to run not from the time o f location, but
from the date o f actual occupation by residence. The provisions o f this
law are as fo llo w s :
“ W hen proving up it must be sh ow n :
“ T hat at least one-cighth o f the area embraced in the entry was contin­
uously cultivated to agricultural crops, other than native grasses, beginning
with the second year o f the en try ; and that at least one-fourth o f the area
embraced in the entry was so continuously cultivated with the third year
o f the entry.”

M IE R ’ S G A R D E N , V A L D E Z -F A IR B A N K S R O A D ; T H E P IO N E E R F A R M
— Photo by J. Li. McPherson

A griculture in Alaska at its best should follow as an adjunct to other
occupations, to the workers in which, products o f the farm may be sold
without undue tax on the same fo r transportation; and wherever practiced,
in Alaska as elsewhere, calls fo r a study o f the soil and crops suitable to its
differing com position and aspect.
Methods suitable in one part o f the
country may be unsuitable fo r others. B ottom lands producing a rank
growth o f grass may be too cold and sour fo r root crops, until thoroughly
broken up and cultivated so as to let in the air and assist decomposition
o f the dead vegetation which takes place but slowly in ground saturated




48




49

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

with water. Where drainage is absent or very imperfect the result is
swampy ground, known in the North as “tundra” or "muskeg,” in which the
dead vegetation, instead of being transformed into soil through the pro­
cesses of decay, is slowly converted into peat, or turf, as it is called in Ire­
land, to become in time an imperfect coal.
In some sections the soil is covered with a thick layer of moss, which
is almost impenetrable to the warmth of the sun, but when this is removed,
the ground quickly thaws out on the advent of summer, for the seasons
change so rapidly in the North that what is called spring elsewhere is al­
most an unknown thing in interior Alaska. As if aware of the necessity
of being wide-awake, nature wastes no time in preliminary skirmishes. The
best lands are the gently sloping hills composed of silt and fine gravel,
which are also those on which the birch makes its best growth, these lands
having been enriched by the leaves of the deciduous trees and drained of
standing water. Good judgment, otherwise called common sense, and the
habit of observation are as essential in farming as in any other business.
The prospective farmer must not picture miles of waving grain fields
as in California or Washington, or the Middle West. For his profits he
must look to a diversified product, which shall furnish his table with the
necessary things of life, leaving him more than one article with which to
satisfy the appetities of the consumers to whom he may sell the balance.
Lastly it should be clearly understood that for the present, at least,
farming must partake more or less of the character of market gardening
around the mining centers, gradually expanding as these industries also
grow; remembering also that on those things which can be grown in
Alaska, but if not grown in Alaska must be imported from the outside,
the cost of ocean transportation will also be in favor of the farmer. The
concensus of opinion by those who have made a special study of the subject
in all its aspects, not only in theory, but by actual experience on the ground,
is that many thousands of Europe’s population would gain by change of
residence, especially those who have been living in similar latitudes under
similar conditions; and did our ideas of government permit we might well
extend to the settlers at least some of the favors, by means of which Russia
is peopling the wild regions of Siberia, at the rate of millions annually, a
land, too, which for more than two centuries has owned a reputation as bad
as that of Alaska in the Eastern states.
A similar policy is peopling the western countries of Canada, viz: free
land, free seeds and financial assistance during the first year, where such
aid is wanted. In contrast with these inducements, it seems to be our
policy to burden the settlers with conditions almost prohibitive in some
respects, shutting out many who might otherwise become good and valuable
citizens. Certainly our policy has sent many hundreds to countries with
more liberal ideas and a better understanding of the early years of pioneer
life. There is room enough and to spare for thousands of settlers who are
not of the class who desire to farm thousands of acres to one crop with
machinery both mechanical and human.

G A L O W A Y C A T T L E , K O D IA K ISL A N D

CATTLE, SHEEP AND HORSES
CATTLE.

W hile the government experimental stations at Sitka, Kenai,
Copper Center, Ram part, Tanana and Fairbanks have been de­
voted to the study o f vegetable life, the station on K odiak Island turned its
attention to the study o f fa n n in g stock, particularly cattle and sheep, to
determine the types best suited to the clim atic conditions, as a source o f
beef as well as dairy products. T hat stock can be raised from the Y ukon
V alley southward during the summer is well known to all old Alaskans
who have seen herds driven over the trails and roads leading to the in ­
terior, living on the native fodder and reaching their destination in good
condition. Cows fo r dairy purposes are kept near all the principal towns
and at many o f the road-houses. The experimental stations are not simply
trying to prove this fact— they are looking fo r stock which w ill require a
m inim um o f winter feeding, and in this they have succeeded to a marked
degree; so that we may look forw ard to herds ranging over the Alaska
Peninsula and its adjacent islands as well as over the plains o f Montana.
T he winter temperatures are infinitely less severe than on the high cattle
ranges o f the M iddle W est, native grasses are abundant and nutritious,
and there seems no reason why Alaska in a few years shall not be able to
supply its own fresh meats. T his whole region lies practically south o f the
southern tip o f Norway, yet dairying is one o f the principal industries o f
that c o u n t y , and its products appear in its exports. The cattle in Norway,
however, are said to be o f an in ferior breed and the chief object o f the
experimental stations has been to find better strains, and the adaptability
o f the native grasses fo r winter feed, such as hay and ensilage. T he latter
is an im portant item in regions where hay m aking may be interfered with
by rain.




50

As Alaska grows, more and more cattle will be kept in the vicinity of
the towns, where barley, oats and timothy will be grown for hay and ensil­
age, supplemented by root crops, as in other countries, and a large part
of the added cost of keep will be returned in the value of the manure and
the maintenance of the fertility of the soil. Unquestionably the silo will
be an essential feature in the equipment of every farmer in Alaska.
For range and general purposes the Galloway breed, from the north­
ern parts of the British Isles, has proved a good type, being hardy, gentle
and of fair size. The tourist may find small numbers of Jerseys and
Herefords on his travels, but he will always look in vain for the longhomed steers of Texas, or the semi-wild herds of Wyoming. Success will
be attained chiefly, as in the older countries of Europe, through many
individuals each keeping a comparatively small number, the total making
a large aggregate.
SHEEP. The sheep on Kodiak and Raspberry Islands have also done well,
experience showing that the long-haired breeds are best adapted
to the moist coast climates, as the fleece sheds the rain more rapidly than
the thick, short wool of the others. On Raspberry Island near Kodiak
there is a band of five hundred or upwards doing well.
HORSES. Horses are in universal use in all parts of the territory, both
as draft and pack animals, their m6re extensive use being limited
chiefly by the absence of good roads. Where such exist they are used on
the winter stage lines and may be utilized in summer by the farmer when
these routes are closed. Abundance of hay and grain may be raised in the
interior for winter use. One hundred and seventy-five horses form the
equipment of the Fairbanks-Chitina-Valdez stage line, and an equal num­
ber ar-e used on the White Pass Route from Dawson to Whitehorse, and so
far as their ability to stand the climate is concerned, the only difference
lies in the greater length of the winter months in the North, involving
more winter feeding; this again being offset by the higher prices obtained
for their labor. The small, tough ponies so common in Norway have not
yet been introduced, although they fill such a useful place in that country
and ought to be easily acclimated.

REINDEER
{Authority \ TJ. S. Government Reports by Sheldon Jackson, W. T. Lopp,
and Others.)

The enormous destruction of game, seals and walrus having reduced
many of the natives to the verge of starvation, the United States govern­
ment imported from Siberia, in the years 1891 and 1902, twelve hundred
and eighty head of reindeer, the descendants of which now number ap­
proximately thirty-eight thousands, with an annual increase of about 30
per cent. At the close of 1913 there were over sixty-two herds and 46,000
animals.
The reindeer is essentially an inhabitant of snowy countries, feeding
on lichens or moss, mushrooms, grass and willow sprouts, which grow even
on the poorest soils, and furnishes the natives with food and clothing and
many little things which contribute to their comfort. Its commercial possi


51

R E IN D E E R H E R D OF 2,000 A T CAPE P R IN C E OF W A L E S — Photo by Nowell

bilities may be judged from the follow in g extracts from official documents,
relating to Norway and Sweden, the northern portions o f which, known as
Lapland, are clim atically sim ilar to the northern portions o f A la sk a :
“ T hrough Norway and Sweden smoked reindeer meat and smoked
reindeer tongues are everywhere found fo r sale in their markets, the hams
being worth ten cents a pound and the tongues ten cents apiece. There
are wealthy merchants in Stockholm whose specialty and entire trade is in
these Lapland products.
“ Reindeer skins are marketed all over Europe, being worth in their
raw condition from $1.50 to $1.75 apiece. The tanned skins (so ft with a
beautiful yellow color) find a ready sale at from $2.00 to $2.75 each. R ein­
deer skins are used fo r gloves, m ilitary riding trousers and the binding of
books.
“ Reindeer hair is in great demand fo r the filling o f life-saving appar­
atus, and from the horns is made the best existing glue. T w o great articled,
smoked reindeer tongues and tanned skins, are am ong the principal products
of the great annual fair at N isch nij-N ovgorod, Russia.
“ In Lapland (on an area o f 14,000 square m iles) there are about
400,000 head of reindeer, sustaining in com fort some 26,000 people. There
is no reason why A rctic and sub-A rctic Alaska should not sustain a popu­
lation o f 100,000 people with 2,000,000 head o f reindeer.”
Lapland sends to market about 22,000 head o f reindeer a year, the
surplus o f her h erds; which at an average weight per carcass dressed of
about one hundred and fifty pounds, is equal to 1,660 tons. As this is a
surplus over and above the wants o f the population, the value o f this in ­
dustry in the near future, as a source o f meat supply from lands other­
wise comparatively valueless fo r other purposes, becomes apparent. The
present herds are nearly all located on the western coast from the Kuskokwim to P oint Barrow, a distance o f some 800 miles, but in the near future
this industry w ill extend over the entire Alaska Peninsula and many north­
ern localities not yet occupied. Those best acquainted with surrounding
conditions estimate that Alaska has grazing grounds sufficient to support
from 10,000,000 to 20,000,000 head o f stock. U nder such conditions meat




52

export with its by-products will form an im portant item in Alaska's un­
developed resources.
A t this date the entire herd is owned as follow s: Natives, 60 per cen t;
missions, 14 per cen t; Laps, 15 per cent, and 11 per cent by the U nited
States. T his distribution has come fro m the policy o f the government,
under which a native, when competent to take care o f the animals, is given
a certain small number, retaining the increase, but returning the original
num ber to the governm ent at the end o f five years. H e is also compelled
to take an assistant as an apprentice and is deprived o f his herd if he is
careless in looking after it.
The first shipment fo r sale in Seattle was made in October, 1911, and
consisted o f 185 carcasses weighing 18,750 pounds, or about a hundred
pounds per dressed steer, these being a surplus not required by the herders
fo r food.

GRAIN CROPS AND GRASSES
(

TJ. S. Agricultural Reports and C. C. Georgeson, in Charge of Experi­
mental Stations.)

T hat oats, barley and rye can be grown successfully has been demon­
strated at the Experim ental Stations in the Y ukon-T anana Valleys, as well
as in that o f the Copper River, and also by the farm ers around Fairbanks
and in the Susitna V alley, who have cut barley fo r hay giving three tons
to the acre. M uch time has been devoted to the study and growth o f all
kinds o f grain from northern countries and the end is not yet. In the
rooms o f the bureau may be seen handsome sheaves o f all these grains and
their cleaned products, 60-day and Finnish oats, as well as hull-less and
beardless barley. There are also handsome samples o f wheat, but this is
a more tender grain, and while a large measure o f success has attained the

G R A IN F IE L D , G O V E R N M E N T F A R M , F A IR B A N K S — Photo by A. Johnson




53

r"v--.'55SMBMHESi

Y O U N G ’S F A R M , F A IR B A N K S , C U T T IN G 3 TONS OF B A R L E Y TO T H E ACR E
— Photo by A. Johnson

trials at the experimental stations it has not yet been cultivated on a large
scale like the others. T he winter sown grain does well i f covered by snow,
but it is liable to be frost killed on ground swept bare by the wind.
It is no new thing to grow these cereals in northern countries as they
mature rapidly. A t Uleaborg, Finland, in the same latitude as Fairbanks,
oats, barley and rye are staple crops and are also largely grown in Northern
Russia, requiring only from seventy to eighty days from seed to maturity.
It is not the intensity o f the winter cold which governs their successful
grow th ; the great poin t is the date at which the ground attains a sufficient
warmth to cause the seed to germinate (42 degrees fo r wheat) and a suf­
ficient time thereafter to mature it. Persons are apt to forget that long
winter hours involve lon g hours o f daylight in summer, fo r all parts o f
the world receive the same num ber o f hours o f daylight though differently
distributed in the course o f the year. The conditions and results in the
Tanana V alley have been chiefly dealt with on account o f its high lati­
tude, for what can be done there can be done in the more southerly local­
ities.

N O YE S FA R M , F A IR B A N K S , M A K IN G H A Y — Photo by Albert Johnson




54

VEGETABLE CROPS
( TJ.

S. Agricultural Reports and C. G. Georgeson, in Charge of Experi­
mental Stations.)

I t is possible to grow magnificent vegetables in all parts o f Alaska,
except on the tundras and mountains. T o Alaskans they are no novelty,




from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National

T he rapid growth o f grain applies also to the grasses.
Tim othy
springs up wherever im ported hay has been fed to stock and is rapidly be­
com ing acclimated.
A m on g the forty native grasses red top attains a
growth breast high in thirty to forty days and also seems to be the richest
in nitrogen among its congeners. I t grows everywhere, but is said to rebel
against annual cutting, so that cropping every other year is recommended.
Several kinds o f vetches and peas make excellent wild fodder, but do
not take kindly to cultivation, so that experiments are being made with
varieties o f alfalfa from Siberia livin g under conditions sim ilar to those
in Alaska, the same being the case with Siberian wheat.
The results hitherto attained by the unobtrusive work o f the laborers
in the experimental stations is worthy o f all praise not only fo r those already
obtained, but fo r those to come and measurably in sight.
Those persons requiring detailed inform ation on hay-making in South
and Southeastern Alaska should consult B ulletin N o. 3 o f Alaska A gricu l­
tural Experim ent Stations, entitled “ H aym aking at Kenai Experimental
Station, 1907,” etc.

C A B B A G E F IE L D , D A W S O N — Photo by Nowell

but to strangers unacquainted with the country they are a constant sur­
prise. They include all the products o f the temperate zone in America,
and the bureau has in its exhibit potatoes, turnips, beets, rutabagas, sugar
beets, carrots, parsnips, kohlrabi, celery, rhubarb, radishes, onions, cab­
bage, cucumbers, peas and even tomatoes, and in one or two very favored
spots even melons have ripened. T he samples both fo r size and quality
will compare with the markets o f ISTew Y ork , although grown more than
L,500 miles north o f that city. Every fam ily can have its garden, which
will not only furnish the necessities o f life but w ill beautify the home with
a wealth o f flowers. These facts have become so well known that notice
o f them has practically disappeared from the reports o f the agricultural
stations, but as the potato is so im portant an item in the daily menu every
effort is being put forth to secure those varieties best adapted to the clim atic
conditions o f rainfall and sunshine. T he follow in g facts are from the
latest reports o f the station located at Fairbanks in the Tanana Y alley,
only about a hundred miles south o f the A rctic circle.
Twenty-seven varieties o f potatoes were cultivated during the season
o f 1911, o f which three were planted on June 1, nine on June 9 and the
remainder on June 10. T hey m atured between September 11 and 22, with
a yield at a rate varying from 7,260 to 18,876 pounds per acre on the ex­
perimental plats. In the open field three varieties produced five tons per
acre after sorting and grading on second year unfertilized ground.
The
character o f the potato depends m uch on the kind o f soil and method o f
cultivation. The best results are said to be secured by allowing the potato
to sprout and setting them out on the surface o f the ground with plenty o f




56




A L A S K A B U R E A U E X H IB IT ROOM

57

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

room between the row s; then covering with about an inch o f dirt, to be
subsequently well ridged up. On a gentle southern exposure o f silty soil,
such as is favored by the birch, potatoes grow to a large size and possess a
fine, mealy texture.
Cabbages from department seed made heads weighing from eight to
twelve pounds. Cauliflower was as fine as grown in any country. One gar­
dener claims to have sold sixteen tons o f cabbage from half an acre in 1910.
There are several notices o f the growth o f sugar beets (b u t no in fo r­
m ation as to their sugar contents) and these with other root crops such as
rutabagas and carrots can be grown in quantity fo r winter feed to stock.
Sum m ing up the question, C. C. Georgeson, the best o f all authorities,
says: “ A ll these vegetables can be grown and are grown as fa r up as the
A rctic circle and beyond. T his is not saying that they can be grown with
equal success in all places and in all conditions, fo r on this point the eleva­
tion, rainfall, soil and local conditions as to climate are im portant factors.
N or do I say that there is not now and then a cold summer, in which only
the hardiest o f these things make satisfactory growth. B ut under normal
conditions and with good culture all o f these vegetables are grown success­
fu lly even beyond the A rctic circle.”
So m uch interest is expressed by visitors to the rooms o f the bureau as
to why it is possible to grow good vegetables so fa r north, when it cannot

be done on the Atlantic shores in like latitudes, that a lew words of pos­
sible explanation may be allowed. Undoubtedly the first factor is the
enormous volume of cold water brought down the Atlantic shores by the
streams from Baffin’s Bay and the coasts of Greenland and the presence
of the Japan current on the shores of the Pacific. Except for these factors
all other conditions are equal as far as latitude or distance from the equator
is concerned, as this only affects the length of the day. The local factors
are the depth to which the ground is frozen, the annual precipitation of
rain and snow, the number of days on which the sun shines, and the sum­
mer temperatures. These have a greater influence on vegetable growth
than extreme cold in winter, as for instance, in the wheat fields of Canada
the mercury may go to 50 degrees below zero without detriment to the
yield. In the Tanana Valley the ground is deeply frozen; the day is 22
hours long at mid-summer; the average number of days without rain to
exceed one-hundredth of an inch is about 270, and the total annual pre­
cipitation from twelve to fourteen inches. But as the ground thaws out
under the influence of the long days the tender roots of the seedlings fol­
low the released moisture and are perpetually sub-irrigated. The frozen
subsoil takes the place of the ordinary underlying rock or gravel in more
southern localities, and being impermeable, all the products of vegetable
decay are retained in the surface stratum, producing a soil rich in "humus”
or leaf mold and eminently adapted to the growth of plant life.. This is
suggested as a possible explanation.

WILD FRUITS
Alaska is a land of berries, not only in the profusion of fruit but in
the great variety of species.
CTJBRANTS, both red and black abound in Southeast Alaska, and in
lesser degree elsewhere, and both are remarkable for the size of
the fruit and the length of the bundles, rivaling, if not excelling, the best
of the cultivated forms.
STRAWBERRIES, of good size and excellent flavor, abound in and on
the coast belt from Yakutat to the Copper Kiver delta, and have
been crossed with cultivated varieties, producing plants of more luxuriant
growth than either of the parent forms both as to foliage and fruit. Some
hundred varieties of these hybrids are under cultivation at the government
experimental stations.
RASPBERRIES are characteristic of the interior regions, especially of the
Yukon and Tanana Valleys.
BLUEBERRIES are universally distributed and fruit in profusion, the
berries attaining a diameter of half an inch. So abundant are
they that two ladies near Nome put up 119 gallons in one season.
HUCKLEBERRIES abound through the Pacific Coast and interior regions,
and form attractive pasturage for bears, both black and grizzlies.
CRANBERRIES, both high and low bush, are characteristic of the interior
plateau and Seward Peninsula.
SALMON BERRIES grow luxuriently in all the coast regions bordering
on the Pacific Ocean.
IS



B L U E B E R R IE S, K E T C H IK A N — Photo by Hegg

The immense profusion o f some o f these berries in some localities sug­
gests an opening fo r their use com m ercially as canned products and pre­
serves, especially in the case o f the blueberries, huckleberries and currants,
which fo r size and flavor are unsurpassed anywhere. In Southeastern
Alaska, especially in the vicinity o f canneries where steam could be ob­
tained cheaply, their profusion w ill relieve the small settlers o f the necessity
o f their cultivation.

CULTIVATED FRUITS
Nearly all the hardy fru it bushes do remarkably well in Southeastern
Alaska, and the currant and raspberry also do well all over the interior.
T he same may be said o f the strawberry in a more lim ited degree as to
localities.
Gooseberries do well in the Pacific Coast belt, but it seems probable
that blackberries, dewberries, loganberries and grapes w ill not thrive in
Alaska, fo r while experimental plants have lived fo r several years, they
never fruited.
Experim ents with apples, plums and cherries have not been eminently
successful up to this time, although there is a native crabapple growing
extensively in some sections, especially the Susitna V alley. The Sitka
experimental station reports a small degree o f success with apples and
eherries, but none with plums.




se

ALASKA HOMESTEAD LAW
BE IT ENACTED BY THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REP­
RESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN
CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, That section twenty-two hundred and ninetyone and section twenty-two hundred and ninety-seven of the Revised Stat­
utes of the United States be amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 2291. No certificate, however, shall be given or patent issued
therefor until the expiration of three years from the date of such entry;
and if at the expiration of such time, or at any time within two years there­
after, the person making such entry, or he be dead his widow, or in case of
her death, proves by himself and by two creditable witnesses that he, she, or
they have a habitable house upon the land and have actually resided upon
and cultivated the same for the term of three years succeeding the time of
filing the affidavit, and makes affidavit that no part of such land has been
alienated, except as provided in section twenty-two hundred and eightyeight, and that he, she, or they will bear true allegiance to the government
of the United States, then in such case he, she, or they, if at that time citi­
zens of the United States, shall be entitled to a patent, as in other cases
provided by law:
PROVIDED, That upon filing in the local land office notice of the
beginning of such absence, the entTyman shall be entitled to a continuous
leave of absence from the land for a period not exceeding five months in
each year after establishing residence, and upon the termination of such
absence the entryman shall file a notice of such termination in the local
land office, but in case of commutation the fourteen months’ actual resi­
dence as now required by law must be shown, and the person commuting
must be at the time a citizen of the United States: PROVIDED, That
when the person making entry dies before the offer of final proof those
succeeding to the entry must show that the entryman had complied with
the law in all respects to the date of his death and that they have since
complied with the law in all respects, as would have been required of the
entryman had he lived, excepting that they are relieved from any require­
ment of residence upon the land: PROVIDED FURTHER, That the
entryman shall, in order to comply with the requirements of cultivation
herein provided for, cultivate not less than one-sixteenth of the area of his
entry, beginning with the second year of the entry, and not less than oneeighth, beginning with the third year of the entry, and until final proof,
except that in the case of entries under section six of the enlarged home­
stead law double the area of cultivation herein provided shall be required,
but the Secretary of the Interior may, upon a satisfactory showing, under
rules and regulations prescribed by him, reduce the required area of cul­
tivation: PROVIDED, That the above provision as to cultivation shall
not apply to entries under the act of April twenty-eighth, nineteen hun­
dred and four, commonly known as the Kinkaid Act, or entries under
the act of June seventeenth, nineteen hundred and two, commonly known
as the reclamation act/and that the provisions of this section relative to
the homestead period shall apply to all unperfected entries as well as entries
hereafter made upon which residence is required: PROVIDED, That the



60

Secretary of the Interior shall, within sixty days after the passage of this
act, send a copy of the same to each homestead entryman of record who
may be affected thereby, by ordinary mail to his last known address, and
any such entryman may, by giving notice within one hundred and twenty
days after the passage of this act, by registered letter to the register and
receiver of the local land office, elect to make proof upon his entry under
the law under which the same was made without regard to the provisions
of this act.”
"Sec. 2297. If, at any time after the filing of the affidavit as required
in section twenty-two hundred and ninety and before the expiration of the
three years mentioned in section twenty-two hundred and ninety-one, it
is proved, after due notice to the settler, to the satisfaction of the registei
of the land office that the person having filed such affidavit has failed to
establish residence within six month after the date of entry, or abandoned
the land for more than six months at any time, then and in that event the
land so entered shall revert to the government: PROVIDED, That the
three years’ period of residence herein fixed shall date from the time of
establishing actual permanent residence upon the land: And, PROVIDED
FURTHER, That where there may be climatic reasons, sickness, or other
unavoidable cause, the Commissioner of the General Land Office may, in
his discretion, allow the settler twelve months from the date of filing in
which to commence his residence on said land under such rules and regu­
lations as he may prescribe.”
Approved, June 6, 1912.

FORESTS
The following statements are condensed from the official report of
R. S. Kellogg, assistant forester in 1910, the report of the Governor of
Alaska for the fiscal year ending June 31, 1912, and from local sources
where they relate to the Fairbanks mining industries.
AREA. The total area of the forests and woodlands in the territory is
estimated at about one hundred million acres, or 156,250 square
miles, or twenty-seven per cent of the total area. Of this about twenty
million acres, or 31,250 square miles, are estimated as containing timbei
suitable for manufacturing purposes, which is more than the area of South
Carolina and nearly that of Maine or Indiana. Of the remaining eighty
per cent, or 125,000 square miles, one half is classed as woodland, carrying
some saw timber, but on which the forest trees are of a small size, more
scattered and valuable chiefly for fuel; the tree growth on the remainder
being stunted, scrubby and valueless for any purpose except the camp fires
of the prospector. The region north of the Endicott mountains, all of
the shores of Bering Sea, and the Alaska Peninsula south of Uliamna
Lake, are practically destitute of timber, producing nothing larger than
willows of very small growth, and those only in a few localities.
FOREST RESERVES. The Tongass National Forest covers the entire
Southeastern Archipelago, and the Chugach Reserve with a width
of about one hundred miles extends along the shores of the Pacific from
the Malaspina glacier to the Kenai peninsula. These two reserves contain



61

26,761,626 acres, or 41,815 square miles, and include the great bulk o f the
merchantable lumber trees.
CHARACTER OF TREES. The trees suitable fo r lumber on the coast
region are in point o f numbers and value, the western hemlock,
the Sitka spruce, western red cedar and yellow or Alaska cedar. The fo r--------- ests are dense an d as m uch , as.. 25,000 feet per acre has been estimated fo r
considerable tracts, o f which 20 per cent is spruce, 75 per cent hemlock and

T H R O U G H T H E COTTONW OODS, K L E H IN I V A L L E Y

the remainder cedar and other timber trees. The spruce reaches a large
size, up to six feet in diameter and a height o f one hundred and fifty.
Diameters o f three or fou r feet are attained by the cedars. T he growth
is fairly rapid, spruce logs averaging 32 inches in diameter averaged 262
annual rin gs; two others 54 inches in diameter showed 525 and 600 rings.
The forests o f the interior are practically all included in the drainage
basins o f the Y uk on and Kuskokwim Rivers and are o f a more deciduous




62

WILD GAME ANIMALS
Preeminent among the wild game of Alaska the moose, mountain
sheep, mountain goat, deer and caribou, among the ruminants, and the
brown or Kodiak bear among the carnivores claim preeminence. The fol­
lowing notes on their habits and distribution are from the pen of W. H.
Osgood, assistant biologist, Department of Agriculture.
T H E MOOSE is the largest member of the deer family in the world, ex­
ceeding in size the moose of eastern North America and the elk
of the old world. They are generally distributed throughout the timbered
portion, except in the southeastern coast region, where they are absent. On
the Alaska Peninsula they range to the limit of timber and in the north
and west likewise reach the edge of the tundra. They range above timber



68

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

type, saw timber being secured from the white spruce and cordwood from
the white birch, poplar, balsam poplar, black cottonwood and aspen. The
timber is small; white spruce and balsam poplar sometimes attain a diame­
ter of 18 to 24 inches; while birch and aspen average about eight inches,
running up to 18 in favorable localities. Other trees are smaller. The
white spruce and balsam poplar grow to 75 feet; birch, aspen and poplar
to 50; black srpuce from 20 to 40, and tamarack seldom over 30. Twentyfive spruce logs 32 feet long and slightly over eleven inches in diameter
showed an average of 104 annual rings, indicating a growth of one inch
in nearly nine years, thus comparing favorably with the growth of red
spruce in Hew York and New England.
U TILIZATIO N . The amount of lumber at present used annually in the
Fairbanks region by the quartz mines is small, a recent estimate,
covering the years 1909, 1910, 1911, 1912, placing it at 900,000 feet, and
the annual cut for all purposes is estimated at about 4,000,000.
The cut for fuel is placed at 60,000 cords, of which Fairbanks is said
to consume about 15,000 to 20,000 cords. The present price of rough na­
tive lumber at Fairbanks is stated to be $40 per thousand and cord wood
brings from $5 to $16 a cord, varying with the place of delivery, being a
reminder of the days on the old Comstock Lode in Nevada when $14 to
$16 was the ruling price, according to quality.
For the fiscal year ending June 31, 1912, 44,647,410 feet, board meas­
ure, were cut in the two national forests. At least 90 per cent of the total
revenues of the reserves comes directly or indirectly from the fisheries. At
least 80 per cent of the lumber sawed at the various mills was used by
the fishing industries. The sum of $914.50, or 1.7 per cent of the total
receipts of the national forests in Alaska, came from the mining industries,
and four of the largest producing companies on the Tongass and one on
the Chugach Reservation purchased timber of a stumpage value of only
$893.40. (All other timber and lumber was imported). The expenses
for the fiscal year were $35,602.92, and the receipts $46,949.26.
The lumber industry is evidently capable of enormous expansion and
an untold wealth of wood pulp for paper is locked up in these now silent
forests. Recently the government has advertised 300,000,000 feet of lum­
ber for sale ani two large pulp mills are said to be contemplated in the
immediate future, for the southeastern forests.

line, but most of their time is spent in the woods at moderate elevations,
or in river bottoms with ponds and dense growth of willow and alder. The
calves are bom during May and June and follow the cows until next spring
or later. Beyond doubt they are most abundant on the Kenai Peninsula
and attain a larger size, but they are also fairly common near Circle City
and many less known localities.
- T H E CARIBOU inhabits the treeless and semi-treeless parts of Alaska,
including the bare mountain ridges of the interior, and the open
rolling tundras of the coast from the Arctic to the Pacific side of the Alaska
Peninsula, where the so-called reindeer moss on which they largely feed
is most abundant.
They scatter widely in summer and in the fall collect in large herds,
but at all times they roam widely. The great herds in the fall of the year
perform a more or less regular movement in the nature of a migration,
and within certain limits their course of travel and times of arrival at
given points are well known. Except on the Alaska Peninsula caribou are
very scarce on the shores of Bering Sea, where formerly abundant, having
been driven out or extirpated. Their place is being taken by the reindeer,
which is practically a domesticated caribou.
T H E M OUN TAIN SH EEP of Alaska is practically pure white, somewhat
smaller and with more slender horns than the big-horn or Rocky
Mountain sheep. It prefers the higher altitudes and is usually most abund­
ant about the main divides and the higher or more central peaks. It is not
found in the Alaska Peninsula or the coastal slopes of the mountains of
Southeastern Alaska, but large numbers live on the Kenai Peninsula, the
Edicott mountains, where they range nearly to the coast, on Mt. McKinley
and its adjacent summits.
T H E M O U N TAIN GOAT is confined in its range to the mountains of the
Southeast Archipelago and the adjacent mainland, and the high
coastal peaks as far west as lie western shores of Prince William Sound;
or roughly speaking, those regions from which the mountain sheep is absent.
It is a bolder climber than even the mountain sheep and may be found in
more inaccessible places, and from such reasons its habits are less perfectly
known. Strictly speaking it is not a goat at all, having many peculiarities
common to antelopes, and finds its nearest relation among the chamois
of Europe and some little known Asiatic forms.
DEER. Only in the Southeastern coast region are deer abundant and in
that district only one species is found, a small variety of the
Blacktail, averaging not more than 100 pounds in weight. It ranges far­
ther north than any other American deer and was formerly so abundant
that during one season 2,000 carcasses were shipped from Wrangel alone.
It ranges from sea level to timber line, is a shy animal, and might be rarely
seen except for its numbers. As trophies the horns are of only secondary
value.
BEARS. Alaska is without rival in respect to number and variety of bears.
No fewer than 13 varieties are recognized by scientists, but they be­
long to only four general types—the brown, the grizzlies, the black and
polar bears. The brown bears are the most numerous and are more nearly
related to the brown bears of the old world than to the other American



64

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

M O U N T A IN GOATS.

SUCCESSFUL M O U N T A IN E E R S — Photo by Case & Draper

species. They are o f huge size and larger than any others except the polar
bears and their relatives o f Kam chatka, and enjoy a reputation fo r ferocity
equal to that o f the grizzlies. T hey are fou n d on K odiak Island, the Alaska
Peninsula, in the Y akutat region and on B aronoff and A dm iralty Islands
—-those on these last islands being smaller varieties than those o f the m ain­
land and K odiak Island, on which they appear to attain their maximum
size, and have therefore become known as the K odiak bear.
T he grizzly bears are generally distributed through the K enai Penin­
sula and adjacent regions, but are probably m ost abundant in the E ndicott
range in the N orth, and the N usotin and M ount M cK in ley ranges in Cen­
tral Alaska. They spend the summers chiefly above and near timber line
and roam largely.

BLACK BEARS

are fairly com m on all through Alaska, the cinnamon
variety, however, being almost unknown near the coast. They
are shy animals and their presence m ay often be overlooked. A .peculiar
and rare variety, known as the blue or glacier bear, is fou n d on the southern
slopes o f the St. Elias range, but its habits are practically unknown, few
if any perfect specimens being in existence in museums. In color it is
silvery grey, sometimes with a blueish tinge, the nose black and the feet
brown.

THE POLAR BEAR

is known to everybody, from pictures at least. They
are the largest o f bears and not fou n d south o f the A rctic Ocean.




65

Bears are om nivorous feeders. In berry time they largely subsist on
these fruits, but according to the season o f the year, or locality, they eat
salmon, shellfish, kelp and seaweed, squirrel, mice, roots and undoubtedly
at times such large game as they may catch unawares.
THE WALRUS is now fou n d only occasionally south o f the A rctic Circle,
those which form erly herded on Bristol Bay and other localities
having been practically exterminated.

W A L R U S H EAD S, B E R IN G SEA CATCH— Photo by Nowell

WILD GAME BIRDS
Alaska is the great breeding ground o f the water birds which annually
m igrate southerly in the winter. These include ducks, geese, swans and a
host o f other shore birds, such as snipe, curlews and sand-pipers, which all
resort in thousands to the open tundras and valleys o f the far N orth during
the breeding season; but the num ber seems to be decreasing, owing to the
annual winter slaughter in their southern haunts.
Three varieties o f ptarm igan inhabit all the higher mountain tops
o f the coast and interior, and the tundras o f B ering Sea and A rctic Coast,
including all the A leution Islands. They gather in immense flocks in the
fall, at which time they lose their brown coloring and assume a protective
white, as do the hares and ermines.
Five species o f grouse, known as the Alaska spruce grouse, the gray
ruffed grouse, the Sooty grouse, the sharp-tailed and the Franklin grouse,
are timber birds— and one or more o f these varieties is fou n d generally over
the territoy in such localities.




66

GAME LAWS
Under the laws relating to Alaska, the term "game” is confined to the
following animals and birds:
Deer, moose, caribou, mountain sheep, mountain goat, brown bear, sea
lions, walrus, ducks, geese, brant, swan, snipe, curlew, grouse and ptarmigan.
Any of the above may be killed at any time by miners and explorers
when in need of food, but such animals or birds killed daring the closed
season shall not be sold or shipped from the territory.
Alaskan residents are not required to obtain hunting licenses. Non­
residents desiring to hunt any game animal, except deer and goats, must
first obtain a license from the Governor of Alaska, and on the Kenai Penin­
sula must employ a licensed guide. Hunting licenses are $50 for United
States citizens, $100 when issued to citizens of a foreign country.
Each hunting license held by a non-resident entitles the holder, without
further charge, to ship a certain number of animals or trophies from Alaska,
but no moose killed south of 62° parallel. South of that the special license
for moose is $150.
Residents of Alaska may not ship heads or trophies without first obtainng a shipping license from the Governor of Alaska (address Juneau),
for which the fees are: $40, one moose if killed north of 62°, four deer,
two caribou, two sheep, two goats, two brown bears; $10, one caribou or
one sheep; $5.00, one goat or one deer or one brown bear.
No caribou may be killed on the Kenai Peninsula before August,
1914. Many other minor regulations relating to deer in the Southeastern
Archipelago and walrus in Bering Sea may be found in the Government
regulations, a copy of which can be had by applying to the Governor’s office
at Juneau.
The open season for game is as follows: North of latitude 62°, brown
bear, at any time; moose, caribou, sheep and sea lions, August 1st to De­
cember 10th; walrus, may 10th to July 1st; grouse, ptarmigan, shore birds
and water fowl, September 1st to March 1st.
South of latitude 62°: Moose, caribou, mountain sheep, August 20tli
to December 31st; brown bear, October 1st to July 1st; deer, August 15th
to November 1st; mountain goats, April 1st to February 1st; grouse, ptar­
migan, shore birds and water fowl, September 1st to March 1st; caribou^
season closed till August, 1914.
The line of 62° north latitude passes through or near to the following
places: Andreafsky and Holy Cross on the Yukon; Georgetown on the



67

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Countless numbers of gulls and other sea-birds breed on the tundras
of Bering Sea and the rocky coast islands. As scavengers of the sea, they
are worthy of protection from extinction, and seven reservations to prevent
this have been set aside for this purpose. The one between the mouths of
the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers is the largest. The other six are small
isolated islands. They are located as below: The islands of St. Mathew,
Hall and Pinnacle, Walrus, Otter and Bogoslof in Bering Sea; Fire Island,
Chisik and Egg Islands in Cook Inlet; St. Lazaria Island in Sitka Sound,
and a large tract on the Yukon Delta, between the mouths of the Yukon
and Kuskokwim Rivers.

K u skokw im ; Eainy Pass in the Alaska M ountains; W illow Creek in the
Susitna V a lley ; Copper Center in the valley o f Copper River, and the
Scolai Pass.

WILD FLOWERS AND ANIMALS— FLOWERS
Alaska is a land o f flowers and ferns and mosses, to say nothing of
its lichens and mushrooms. T hey spring up everywhere as soon as the
snow diappears, and it is probable that m ore than 2,000 species o f flowering
plants and shrubs find a home within its borders, to say nothing o f the
hundreds o f less conspicuous form s and grasses, o f which latter there are
said to be more than 40 varieties. M any o f these are species com m on to
circum polar regions, and some o f them were distributed by the Russian
botanists a hundred years ago, so that not a few are the com m on garden
flowers o f the States. Red and yellow columbines, blue lupins, aconite or
monkshood and larkspur give color to the forest borders; yellow and white
water lilies keep company with purple flags in the marshy g rou n d s; the
tundras are gay with dandelions, buttercups and daisies, and the hillsides
are covered with acres o f blue forget-m e-nots, white heather and pink roses
by the hundreds o f thousands. The fireweed flaunts its magenta blossoms
everywhere, while the huge leaves o f the skunk cabbage and devils club
guard the borders o f every runlet in com pany with the riotous salmon

H O R T IC U L T U R A L D IS P L A Y A T




68

SKAGW AY

BIRDS
So also the abundance of bird life, besides the innumerable water
fowl, is a revelation to the stranger. Besides the permanent residents such
as the ravens, crows, hawks, owls, eagles, ptarmigan and grouse, the migra­
tory birds arrive in thousands about the end of April or early in May.
Comparatively few remain on the Coast, the main army finding its way to
the interior through the passes of the Yukon, Copper River and Susitna
Valleys, only to return in August and September on their southbound jour­
ney. Among these smaller birds are the well-known robin, with its varie­
gated cousin; five kinds of swallows and martins, as many kinds of spar­
rows and tiny warblers, in their gay dresses of green, yellow, black, brown
and chestnut, red linnets, wagtails, larks, kingfishers, bluejays, Montana
camp birds, woodpeckers, and last and least, tiny copper-hued humming­
birds, which range up to the Arctic circle. . Do these latter rest when tired
on the backs of the geese, as suggested by a facetious sourdough, to whom
their wanderings were a mystery?
The bird life probably numbers more than 200 species, while the va­
riety and numbers of the insect-eating migratory forms is a certain index
of the abundance of insect life.

INSECTS
Outside of the mosquitoes and black gnats, which undoubtedly supply
the bulk of the food of the swallows, two-winged flies, ranging in size from



69

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

berries. These for the valleys. As you climb the mountains, gentians, saxi­
frage and lady slippers, cyclamens and asters, and hundreds of others in
all colors and names known only to the botanists help to paint the picture.
The white daisies of the Tanana rival the Shasta daisies of Burbank in
size and purity of color; violets, both blue and yellow, are among the early
blossoms, along with the anemones, and the little dwarf dogwood or bunch
berry in company with the delicate wood fern carpets the open wood with
vivid green and silver stars, as it does the forests of Washington. This
is no land of perpetual ice and snow. Glaciers there are, as in Switzerland,
but the flowers blossom at their very feet, and it is an easy matter to gather
a hundred varieties of flowers without walking more than a mile from
home, unless it be in the farthest north, and even there Flora’s footsteps
have left some of her treasures, be they nothing more than the silken white
seed pods of the rushes, flecking the tundra like snow drops.
With such a variety and luxuriance of grass and flowers and ferns, it
is no wonder that the settlers are ab.le to boast of beautiful gardens round
their homes. To the Eastern tourist, with his or her preconceived ideas,
it is a constant source of surprise to see pansies, marigolds, poppies and
nasturtiums flourishing on what was supposed to be a frozen wilderness,
while the rapidity with which they grow and become acclimated is aston­
ishing. The California poppy, with its blazing orange, native though it be
of warmer climes, seeds itself as far north as Fairbanks and Dawson, and
the weeds of the States have not been slow to follow its example, as witness
the spread of the wild mustard, bindweed, dandelion, wild chamomile,
chickweed and other pests.

bumble-bees to midgets no bigger than an atom of dust, are abundant
everywhere in infinite variety of forms, and unquestionably take the place
of bees in fertilizing the flowers by carrying the pollen from blossom to
blossom. Bumble-bees in black and yellow liveries, sometimes trimmed
with red, are on the wing with the opening of the earliest cranberry bells,
eyen- before the snow is all gone, but they cannot be said to be abundant,
neither can the yellow jackets and hornets, though their nests may be
found when least wanted. They are, however, expert executioners of flies
and invariably decapitate them with one snip of the jaws before proceed­
ing to dinner. They will clear a tent of flies as easily as a pinch of insect
powder. Butterflies, white, blue, copper-colored and yellow; the big black
and yellow swallow-tail of California and the East, and several other forms
common to the Western States have found a home here also, and appear to
enjoy life; dragon flies follow the chase over the tundras, and whirligig
beetles waltz over the ponds, and it is doubtless this fecund insect life
which attracts so many of the smaller migratory birds.

ANIMAL LIFE
The underworld of four-footed life is another mystery of the Forth
to those who have not stopped to figure out the ways in which those we kill
for their furs maintain an existence. With such a rank vegetable growth
it is easy to understand that the muskrats and beavers have an easy time
of it, but how about the minks and martens, weasels and foxes, which are
flesh eaters and numerous enough to supply the market with thousands
of skins anually, to say nothing of the owls which make their living when
other birds are asleep. The secret lies in the variety and number of the
rats, mice, moles and ground squirrels, shy little animals, seen only now
and then accidentally in the day time, but which forage in the night time
or in the deep shadows and shelter of the tangled undergrowth of the
woodlands. We know their variety, but we can only guess at their num­
bers, yet they need to be a prolific race to make up for the annual slaughter
by their enemies.

POPULATION
The census of 1910 showed the population to be 64,356, nearly equally
divided between the whites and native inhabitants, or about one person to
every 9 square miles; while Norway, Sweden and Finland, lying under the
same degrees of north latitude, sustain a population of nearly 11,000,000
on an area only three-quarters the size of Alaska, or an average of about
25 persons to the square mile. Alaska with an equally dense population,
and it would then be a scattered population only, should show a census
record of more than 14,000,000. The wildest enthusiasts do not at present
even dream of such numbers, but they do claim that a population of several
million can be supported in comfort when the resources can be developed
under a liberal policy.
The chief resources of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Finland are
timber, iron, dairy and agricultural products. Half the population of
Sweden are farmers, and the urban residents are a small minority. Norway
depends upon its timber and fisheries for export, yet Southeastern Alaska



70

has probably an equal area of forest land, and the fisheries of Norway will
not bear comparison with those of the Northwest. The chief exports of
Sweden are iron and agricultural products, and its mines of the precious
metals have dwindled to comparative insignificance after centuries of opera­
tion and today can show nothing equal to the gold and copper areas of
Alaska; while the principal exports of Finland are the products of her
forests—timber, pitch, rosin, potash and such like; yet these countries
boast of magnificent cities, lying under identically the same parallel of
north latitude (60°) as Skagway, Cordova, Valdez and Seward.
Bergen, the chief port of Norway, has 57,000 inhabitants; Christiania,
the capital, has 200,000; Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, has 275,000,
and Helsingfors, the capital of Finland, more than 70,000; while just to
the east, St. Petersburg, the capital of Russia, built on a morass, boasts a
population of over 2,000,000. Tt is said that comparisons are odious, and
sometimes they may be.
It has been charged that the population of Alaska is changeable and
migratory. To some extent this is true, as it was in California in its early
placer days, but it was this placer population which discovered its possi­
bilities in other directions, such as quartz mining and agriculture, and so
it will be in the North. A stable population can only exist where there are
stable occupations, such as deep mining for coal, copper, gold, silver and
other metals. These industries, with their attendant shipping, transporta­
tion and smelting industries, and the operation of the resulting railroads,
will assuredly not only support those directly interested but also a large
agricultural and manufacturing population in comfort and possible luxury.
At present the population is probably decreasing slowly. The total
cessation of railroad building in 1911 released some 3,000 men, who were
compelled to seek employment elsewhere. The withdrawal of all coal lands
has done the same thing for those who were attempting their development,
and the high cost of transportation is holding back the rapid opening of
the interior quartz mines and the utilization of the immense areas of lowgrade gold gravel which abound everywhere, but are absolutely valueless
under present conditions.
The one bright spot, showing the results which follow the opening up
of the quartz mines on a large scale, is the town of Juneau, which, with
its neighbors, Douglas and Treadwell, is really one community, though
separately incorporated. Here there is life and expansion, permanence and
increasing population.
The following table gives a list of the centers of population reported
as having 300 or more inhabitants, compiled from the TT. S. Census of 1910
and Polk’s Directory of Alaska for 1912. Those marked with an asterisk
are incorporated towns. In many cases the figures can only be taken as
approximations, as all placer and fishing camps vary greatly according to
the time of the year at which the estimates were made or the census taken,



71

and
the list is only inserted to give a general idea o f the distribution o f
pop u la tion :
Southeastern District.
*Douglas ......... ................... 1,742
* H a in e s ............ ..................... 445
*Juneau ............................... 1,644
*K etchikan . . . . ................... 1,613
*Petersburg ....................... 1,500
Sitka ................ .................. 700
*Skagway ____ ................... 872
*Treadw ell .......... .................. 1,200
*W rangell .............. .................. 800
Central District.
*Cordova ......... ..................1,000
LaTouche ................................. 400
*Valdez ........... ..................2,000

Yukon and Tanana
Valleys.
*Chena .................... ........ 300
Circle ...................... ........ 500
Dom e ...................... . . . . 400
*Eagle .................... . . . . 350
*Fairbanks ............ ........3,541
Fox ................................................. ....... 600
Hot Springs .................. . . . . 400
*Iditarod ..........
. . . . 1,500
Meehan .................. . . . . 500
Nenana .................. . . . . 320
Richardson ............ . . . . 300
*Ruby City ........... . . . . 1,000

St. M ichaels . ........................ 400
Unalakleet ... ........................ 400
Southwest District.
Chignik ................ ........................ 500
Karluk .......... ........................ 300
K odiak .......... ........................ 431
K enai ............ ........................ 600
*Seward ............ ........................ 700
Susitna ................ ........................ 350
Unalaska ...... ........................ 350
Seward Peninsula.
*Nome .......... ....................... 2,600
Solom on ............ ........................ 300
T ofty ............ ........................ 600

*Indicates incorporated towns and telegraph stations.

DESCRIPTION OF TOWNS
LOCATED

K E T C H IK A N , T H E

ON

T ID E W A T E R

S O U T H E R N PORT OF A L A S K A , A
A N D F IS H IN G — Photo by Nowell

KETCHIKAN

C E N T E R OF M IN IN G

is the m ost southerly port in Alaska, the center o f an ex­
tensive region, rich in copper, gold, marble, and other minerals.
It is the port o f entry fo r all Southeastern Alaska. It has large fishing as
well as lumber interests, and steamship connection with all the m ining
camps, and is served by all the ocean steamers plying to the north by the
inside route. It is well supplied with all the necessaries and luxuries o f
Life, churches, schools, electricity, newspapers, and water.
WRANGELL was established by the Russians in 1831. Its industries are
lum bering, fishing, m ining and furs, and it has considerable trade
yith British Columbia by way o f the Stikeen River, which is celebrated
for its big game. There are three churches, schools, saw m ills, canneries,
electric plant, stores, hotels and com plete telegraphic com m unication, but
it is not on the regular schedule o f all the steamers passing north. I t is
120 miles south o f Juneau and 78 miles north o f Ketchikan.



72

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

JU N EA U , TH E C A P IT A L OF A L A S K A — Photo by Case & Draper

JUNEAU, DOUGLASS

and TREADWELL practically form one com ­
m unity o f some 4,500 to 5,000 inhabitants, supported by the
operations o f the gold quartz mines in their vicinity, which employ about




1,000 stamps, with a crushing capacity o f 5,000 tons daily when all are in
operation. O f these 900 belong to the Treadwell group o f mines on D ou g­
las Island.
Other enterprises now being carried out expect to increase
this tonnage to m ore than 10,000 every tw enty-four hours. These towns
are located on Gastineau Channel, about 900 miles north o f Seattle, on
4ho routo o f all steamers plying to the term ini o f the Alaska railroads at
Skagway, Cordova and Seward, which pass every few days, and are con­
nected with the outer world by telegraph, both wireless and cable. The
towns are equipped with all the conveniences o f m odern life, stores, ma­
chine shops, mills, schools, churches, electric light and water under pres­
sure. Fisheries form a secondary industry to the mines. Juneau is the
capital o f Alaska and the residence o f the Governor, and next to Sitka and
W rangell is one o f the oldest o f the coast towns, having been settled about
1880.
HAINES, on the west side of Chilkoot Inlet near the northern end o f Lynn
Canal, is the southern term inus o f the Chilkat Route to the in ­
terior, over which the reconnoisance and surveys have been made fo r a pro­
jected railroad by the Alaska M idland Railroad Co. I t is the outlet o f the
Porcupine M ining D istrict in Alaska and the Rainy H ollow M ining D istrict
in British Columbia, to both o f which a wagon road extends. H ere is
located F ort W m. Seward, government headquarters o f the army in Alaska.
Alaska.

L Y N N CANAL, A N D S K A G W A Y FR O M M T. D E W E Y — Photo by Case & Draper




74

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

S K A G W A Y , T E R M IN U S OF W H IT E PASS & Y U K O N R A IL W A Y — Photo by
Case & Draper

SKAGWAY,

at the head o f Lynn Canal, 110 miles north o f Juneau and
1,000
miles north o f Seattle, dates from the K londike rush o f
1897. It is the A m erican ocean terminus o f the W hite Pass and Y ukon
Kailway, which connects the ocean with the Y uk on Eiver. Five lines of
steamships, sailing every few days, ply between Seattle and Skagway. Like
Juneau, it has all modern conveniences and excellent wharves on deep
water.
CORDOVA, located on Orca Sound, one o f many inlets on the eastern
shores o f Prince W illiam Sound, is the terminus o f the Copper
Eiver and Northwestern Eailway, which connects at Chitina with the stage
m ail lines to Fairbanks. It has an excellent wharf, eighty feet wide by
730 feet long on deep water frontage, and all m odern conveniences. A
branch o f the railroad to the east traverses the great Chitina copper belts,
the products o f which are shipped south. W hen Cordova comes into its
own the exports o f coal, copper, gold and other minerals will increase by
leaps and bounds, it being the logical center o f all the Copper Eiver Valley
and the outlet o f the Bering coal fields. The fishing industry is an im ­
portant item, and the tourist can take his fill o f sport on Lake Eyak, one
o f the beauty spots o f the coast and the delight o f all artists. B y what is
known as the “ outside” or open route it is 1,250 miles from Seattle, and
the trip is made in fou r days or less; by the “ inland” passage, via Juneau,



75

CORDOVA,

T E R M IN U S

OP COPPER R IV E R & N O R T H W E S T E R N
Photo by Hegg

R A IL W A f

the distance is somewhat greater and the time about five days. Tw o lines
of steamers make this port o f call about six times m onthly, besides num er­
ous freighters.

VALDEZ

is located at the northeast corner o f Prince W illiam Sound on
Y aldez Inlet, with steamship accom m odations the same as Cor­
dova. It is the ocean terminus o f the Valdez-Fairbanks mail and stage
route, which connects with the route from Chitina at W illow Creek. I t is
well provided with all the necessaries and com forts o f life, like its-sister
cities, and is the headquarters o f a gold quartz m ining industry which bids
fair to be wide and prosperous. Its trade extends to all the mines o f the
numberless islands and inlets o f the Sound, which are now shipping copper
ores in large quantities, to be greatly increased in the near future. Like
Cordova it is a com petitor fo r the terminus o f a railroad to Fairbanks and
the interior.

SITKA,

the form er capital o f Alaska, was settled in 1802 by the Eussians,
on the west side o f B aronoff Island, 980 miles northwest o f Seattle.
It is the headquarters o f the agricultural department, a naval station, now
converted into a m iner’s home, and governm ent m agnetic observatory. The
old Greek Church built fifty years ago contains many valuable paintings and
other treasures, and the Sheldon Jackson Museum many interesting curios.
Has two m onthly steamers and tri-weekly mail. The surrounding country
is noted fo r its sylvan beauty, which is emphasized by the lofty, extinct
volcano. M ount Edgecom be, which dominates the landscape. A stroll up
Indian Creek will long be remembered by those who have made it.



76

is located on Resurrection Bay, a magnificent deep-water inlet
on the south coast o f the K enai Peninsula, and is visited by the
steamships which call at V aldez and Cordova. I t is also the starting point
fo r the steamer which makes m onthly trips to all the ports along the Alaska
Peninsula as far as Unalaska, a distance o f 1,500 miles. Seward was se­
lected by the Alaska N orthern Railway as its ocean terminus fo r the ex­
ploitation o f the Matanuska coal fields, but with the closing o f the coal
fields and cessation o f work on the road, experienced hard times. It is,
however, the outlet fo r the prom ising quartz and placer mines o f the Susitna, Y entna, K n ik and W illow Creek districts, as well as those on the
peninsula itself, and has great agricultural possibilities in its back country.
It is also the terminus o f the Seward-Nome winter trail to Nom e, over
which the railroad com m ission has recommended the construction o f the
route to open the Northwest. The town is well supplied with all the re­
quirements o f modern life.

NOME,

on Seward Peninsula, is the headquarters o f all its m ining camps,
with which it is connected by telephone, and with the States with
both land lines and wireless. I t is reached by steamship during the open
season o f about five months, by way of Dutch H arbor, the distance from
Seattle being about 2,372 miles. D u ring the winter months the mails are
carried by dog teams from Seward and letters from the States take about
six weeks fo r delivery. I t has two banks, fou r churches, schools, custom
house, land office, good streets and the usual supply of stores and other
conveniences, including automobiles.

V A L D E Z , T E R M IN U S OF V A L D E Z -F A IR B A N K S ROAD— Photo by P. S. Hunt




77

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

'SEWARD

S E W A R D , T E R M IN U S OF A L A S K A N O R T H E R N R A IL R O A D — Photo hy Pederson

NOME, T H E L A N D OF GOLD A N D T IN — Photo by Nowell

IN T E R IO R TO W N S
is located on the Tanana R iver in latitude 65° north, about
280 miles above its ju n ction with the Y uk on , and is 441 miles
from Cordova by stage and railroad, and a somewhat shorter distance from
Valdez by stage road only. T his is the only available winter route for

FAIRBANKS




78

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




travel. D uring the open season on the Y u k on the journey can be made
by way o f Skagway and down the Y uk on , or by way o f St. M ichaels up
the river a distance o f 1,180 miles from St. Michaels. Fairbanks is the
center and distributing point o f a wide placer region, now also developing
into a quartz region o f great promise. Its development has been greatly
aided by the construction of the Tanana Y alley Railroad. There are two
banks, fou r newspapers, five churches, two hospitals and well equipped
schools. Mail through the summer reaches Fairbanks about weekly by
way o f St. Michaels and tri-weekly during the winter by the stage route to
Yaldez and Cordova. I t is the center o f a population num bering from
5,000 to 6,000.
IDITAROD CITY is located on the Iditarod River, 300 miles above the
ju n ction o f the Innoko and Y ukon . D u ring high water big steam­
ers can reach the city, but at other seasons freight is brought in by smaller
boats and gasoline launches. M ail service is from St. Michaels in summer
and in winter twice a m onth fro m Fairbanks by dog team. Besides num er­
ous mercantile houses o f all descriptions the town has two sawmills, a
weekly paper, several machine shops and a cold storage plant fo r fresh
meats. I t is the center o f a population o f 3,500. I t is 128 miles by the
government trail to Tacotna on the Kuskokwim , and 615 miles more or
less to Seward over the same route.
RUBY CITY, a new placer town located on the Y u k on at the m outh of
the Melozi River, is grow ing rapidly.
EAGLE CITY, located on the Y u k on , near the eastern boundary line, is
the port o f entry fo r goods com ing down the river from the Ca­
nadian side and the center o f an extensive placer district in which gold
was first discovered on the Alaska m ainland.

TRANSPORTATION
R A IL R O A D S

Miles.
W hite P ass & Yukon R oute........................................................................................ 20%
Copper River and N orthw estern................................................................................ 196%
72
A laska N orthern ..................................................................................................... .
Nome, Sew ard Peninsula Road, Solomon R iver Road (not o p eratd e)......... 124
T anana Valley Railw ay................................................................................................ 45
Y akutat (cannery) ...................................................................................................... 12
Cook Inlet (Coal—not o perated)..............................................................................
8%
K atalla (abandoned) ..................................................................................................
6
W AGON ROADS AN D

T R A IL S

484%.

W agon roads ...................................................................................................................... 847
W inter sled roads.............................................................................................................. 645
T rails .................................................................................................................................... 1569
Trails, staked for w inter only........................................................................................ 450
3511
A ll these railroads were constructed by private capital and the wagon
roads and trails by the Government, the latter at a cost o f $2,205,000, or
only $630 per mile. Compare the above distances with the Scandinavian
Peninsula, about h alf the size o f Alaska, with m ore than 8,000 miles o f
railroads, and Norway, not one-quarter the size, with 15,000 miles o f roads,




80

as against 847. There is no railroad construction goin g forw ard in Alaska
in 1913 ; the era closed in 1911.
T he government investigation o f the transportation problems o f
Alaska was initiated in 1904, when by act o f Congress the Alaska Eoad
Commission was appointed and their work placed under the direction o f
the W ar Departm ent. T his board is composed o f army officers. Col. W .
P . Eichardson has been its executive officer since its organization. The
work o f the board has been the location, construction and maintenance o f
m ilitary and post roads, bridges and trails.
In 1906 by special act o f Congress a bill was passed authorizing the
survey o f a land route from Fairbanks to N om e under the direction o f
the Alaska E oad Commission. T his survey really initiates the work o f the
governm ent investigation o f the trans-Alaskan routes. Eeconnaissance and
surveys were continued during 1907 and 1908 by engineers under the direc­
tion o f the Alaska Eoad Commission, who investigated all routes into and
through the interior. As a result o f these investigations the routes from
Valdez and Chitina to Fairbanks and from Haines to the international
boundary were im proved by the construction o f wagon roads, and the route
from K ern Creek through the lower region o f the Susitna V alley and into
the Kuskokwim and Innoko Valleys and northwesterly on to the Seward
Peninsula and N om e was im proved by the construction o f a winter trail.
Chitina is on the line o f the Copper E iver and Northwestern Eailroad, 131
miles from Cordova. K ern Creek is the present terminus o f the Alaska
N orthern Eailroad, 72 miles from Seward. The route from Haines is the
one selected by the Alaska M idland Eailroad Co. fo r their projected rail­
road to the interior and Fairbanks.
In the fall o f 1912 by act o f Congress the Alaska Eailway Commission
was appointed. The personnel o f this com m ission was as follow s: Jay
J. M orrow, M ajor, Corps o f Engineers, U . S. A rm y ; A lfred H . Brooks,



81

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

BR ID G E ON V A L D E Z -F A IR B A N K S W A G O N ROAD, B U IL T B Y A L A S K A ROAD
COM MISSION— Photo by J. L. McPherson

U. S. G eological S u rvey; Leonard M. Cox, Civil Engineer. U. S. N a vy;
Colin M. Ingersoll, Consulting Engineer.
Briefly, the duties o f this com m ission were defined by the act o f Con­
gress to examine railroad routes from the seaboard to the coal fields and
to the interior and navigable waterways, and to recomm end in respect to
m ost available routes fo r railroads in Alaska, which w ill best develop the
country and the resources thereof fo r the use o f the people o f the U nited
States.
Leaving Seattle in September, they visited Skagway and traversed the
W hite Pass and Y u k on R ailroad to Lake Bennett. F rom Haines they
went over the Chilkat route as fa r as the boundary line. F rom Y aldez the
government wagon road was traversed to Fairbanks and the commission
returned by way o f Chitina and the Copper R iver and Northwestern R ail­
road to Cordova. F rom Seward the party went over the Alaska Northern
Railway to the head o f Cook Inlet. Although lim ited in time to an ex­
treme, this com m ission was able to view m any o f the chief engineering
obstacles o f the different routes, and with the immense amount o f data
which had been collected by the investigators o f the last fourteen years
under the direction o f the Alaska Road Commission, U . S. Geological Sur­
vey and other branches o f our government, were able to cover in a m ost
complete manner the advantages and obstacles o f the different transAlaskan routes. They have recomm ended the immediate construction o f
railway lines as fo llo w s :
Chitina to Fairbanks, 313 m iles; B ering R iver coal branch, via Lake
Charlotte, 38 m iles; K ern Creek to Susitna V alley, 115 m iles; Matanuska
coal branch, 38 m iles; Susitna V alley to Kuskokwim , 229 miles—-at an
estimated total cost o f $35,611,000.
T he construction o f these lines w ill go a lon g way towards solving
the transportation question. T he proposed term ini are 300 miles apart.
E ach line would open a separate empire as large as the state o f Texas and
could by no means be a com petitor o f the other. T he one would open up
the B ering and Nenana coal fields, the mineral areas o f the Copper River
Basin and the m ineral and agricultural areas o f the Tanana. T he other
w ould open the Matanuska coal fields, the placer m inin g and agricultural
industries o f the K en ai Peninsula, the Susitna, Iditarod and Kuskokwim
Valleys, besides bringing the north and northwestern regions measurably
nearer open ports.
In their conclusions they state that “ The com m ission is unanimously
o f opinion that this development should be undertaken at once and prose­
cuted with v ig o r; that it can not be accomplished without providin g the
railroads herein recomm ended under some system which w ill insure low
transportation charges and the consequent rapid settlement o f this new
land and the utilization o f its great resources.” T hey state further that
“ The data presented shows that the U nited States possesses in Alaska
a fron tier territory o f great size and o f w onderful industrial possibilities.
T he com m ission believes that its climate is favorable to permanent settle­
ment and to agricu ltu re; that its mineral resources are vast and as yet but
little exp loited; that its population is sparse, but only by reason o f its
inadequate transportation facilities, and that its people are o f the same



82

W A T E R FR O N T A T F A IR B A N K S — Photo by J. L. McPherson

Railroad Lines. There is no through route to the interior in 1913. ]
The White Pass and Yukon route from Skagway to Dawson lies en­
tirely in Canadian territory, with the exception o f 2 0 ^ miles o f railway
from the seaboard to the boundary, at the summit o f W hite Pass. A t
Whitehorse, 111^2 miles from Skagway, the railroad connects with river
steamers on the Y u k on River fo r Dawson, there being no towns o f im port­
ance between these points. From Dawson, Fairbanks may be reached by
boats during the open season o f about five months.
The Alaska Northern Road was projected to open the Matanuska coal
field, with Fairbanks as its ultimate terminus, but on the reservation o f
all the coal lands it fell into financial difficulties and work was abandoned.
Its present terminus is K ern Creek on T urnagin A rm o f Cook’ s Inlet, 72
miles from Seward, its ocean terminus. As projected it would also have
opened up the agricultural and m ining lands o f the Susitna Valley, passed
close to the Nenana coal fields, and would have been only slightly longer
than the Copper River route to Fairbanks.
The Copper River and Northwestern Railroad, having strong financial
backing, and a valuable copper mine as an objective point, in addition prob­
ably to an eye on Fairbanks in the future, was completed to Chitina, in the
Copper River V alley, a distance o f 131 miles. F rom Chitina a branch 65
miles lon g o f lighter construction was built to the K ennicott Mines, the
entire line costing approxim ately $20,000,000, including the abandoned
*See Map Coal Areas, Etc., page 10.




83

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

type o f hardy pioneers that have carried the United States frontier to its
present lim its.”
T he com m ission’s report to Congress is embraced in House Docum ent
1346, 62d Congress, 3rd Session.*
Wagon Roads and Trails. Aside from the roads and trails built along
the Seward, Valdez, Cordova and Haines routes into the interior, all other
roads and trails have been constructed to aid the development o f the var­
ious m ining camps and have been o f invaluable service.

work toward an ocean term inal at Katalla, near the B ering coal fields. In
winter, stages run from Chitina to Fairbanks on a tri-weekly schedule o f
seven days.
All the other short lines were built to serve purely local industries.
All railroad work is at a standstill, and w ill so continue until the settlement
o f the railroad, and coal questions by Congress. I t is doubtful whether any
o f the roads pay operating expenses, let alone the annual tax o f $100 per
mile exacted by the governm ent fo r the privilege o f running their trains,
with the possible exception o f the W hite Pass and Y u k on Route, which has
only 20^2 miles o f railroad in Alaska.
The profitable operation o f any railroad in Alaska is entirely depend­
ent upon the opening up and development o f its now dorm ant resources and
industries.

T A N A N A V A L L E Y R A IL R O A D , F A IR B A N K S

JU NCTION— Photo by Nowell

I t is only with the construction o f at least two trans-Alaskan railroads
reaching from open harbors on tidewater into the vast interior o f Alaska,
with numerous branches as feeders, that the w onderful resources o f Alaska
can be developed and made to serve the uses o f man. T his is a work o f so
great a magnitude and cost that w ithout great inducements it cannot be
undertaken by private capital. These roads m ust be constructed either by
the Government or by Government aid. The m ethod is fo r our people to
decide, and it must be decided w ithout further delay.
W ith the construction o f these roads and the building o f the numerous
branches as feeders, and with a liberal policy o f inducem ent and a spirit




84

Y U K O N R IV E R , M OUTH OF A N V IK
“T H E OLD A N D T H E N E W .” IN D IA N A W A IT IN G STEAM B OAT. “A L A S K A
A W A IT IN G D E V E L O P M E N T ” — Photo by J. L. McPherson




85

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

o f encouragement toward the pioneer and pioneer capital, Alaska will pour
into the lap o f our people a stream o f wealth not only o f gold, copper and
the precious metals, but also o f fish, agricultural products, meats, furs and
coal, that w ill have no compeer.
Alaska lias a future that cannot be pictured by the most enthusiastic
optimists. A country that has made such a showing with a mere handful
o f men under the most adverse and restrictive conditions offers untold pos­
sibilities. T he construction o f two trunk railway lines w ill result in the
opening up o f an empire nine times as great as the State o f W ashington,
and over nine times as rich in natural resources. Its extent and wealth
has never been approached by any frontier land.
Hers should be
a future o f the greatest prosperity, and it is the duty o f our people to see
that she secures the rational development which she has so long been denied.
Our day o f reparation is now at hand. Our united efforts w ill be
crowned with a success that w ill mean an awakened empire o f the N orth—
Alaska, Our Frontier W onderland.

S T E A M S H IP R O U T E S
OPERATING CO’S.
MAP OF

ALASKA
C O M P IL E D BY

A

B ureau
S eattle
C h a m b e r of Commerce
la sk a

1913
Ap^roxi

Sc.

00
Ci




Ocean Routes

1,000

0

f Indicates U. S. mail stations.
* Indicates telegraph stations,
f t Indicates railroad, 111 miles.
TANANA TO FAIRBANKS
By Steam er.
Miles.
*f T anana .............................................
o
*fH ot Springs ................................... 70
*fTolovana ......................................... 133
*fMinto ................................. .............. 183
*fN enana ........................................... 198
*fChena ............................................... 263
* {Fairbanks ........................................ 275

KTJSKOWIM RIVER
Bethel .................................................
0
T uliksak ............................................. 60
Yukon Portage ................................. 100
K olm anofsky ...................................... 190
George Town ..................................... 260
Sleitm ute ........................................... 295
Andranoff ........................................... 385
McGrath ............................................... 500
Tocotna Forks ................................... 520
87

Holdings of the National Archives




2,917
2,870
2,705
2,665
2,645
2,593
2,560
2,537
2.513
2,429
2,374
2,294
2,203
2,051
1,966
1,776
1,727
1.674
1,111

I Declassified

fH oly Cross ....................... 350
tA nvik ................................. 405
*fK altag ............................... 570
*tN ulato ........ ...................... 610
nK o y o k u k ........................... 630
*fLonden ............................... 682
*fMelozi ................................. 715
*fRuby ................................... 738
*tK okrines ........................... 762
*fBirches ............................. 846
*fT anana ............................... 901
*tR am part ........................... 981
fF o rt H am lin ..................... 1,072
fF o rt Yukon ....................... 1,224
*fCircle ................................. 1,309
*fEagle ................................. 1,499
*fForty Mile ................. ......1,548
*fDawson ........... ..................1,601
*fW hite H o rse ff................. 2,164
*fSkagway ........................... 2,275
•tS e a ttle ............................... 3,275

D irect Service by Open W ater.
Miles.
C o rd o v a ............................................. 1,236
Valdez ............................................... 1,263
Sew ard ............................................. 1,408
Dutch H arbor and U nalaska....... 1,727
N ushagak ......................................... 2,100
Bethel, on Kuskokwim R iver....... 2,170
St. Michaels ................................... 2,487
Nome ................................................. 2,372
Diomede Islands ............................. 2,522
Kew alik ........................................... 2,717
D istanc From Seattle
By Local Service from Seward
Seldovia ........................................... 1,555
K nik .................................................. 1,755
Tyonek ............................................. 1,665
Iliam na ............................................. 1,635
K odiak ............................................. 1,670
K arluk ............................................. 1,760
K aim ai ............................................. 1,800
Cold Bay ........................................... 1,830
P ortage ............................................. 1,850
Chignik ............................................. 2,000
U nga ......................................... ........ 2,130
Dutch H arbor ................................. 2,340
By Inside Route S eattle to Seward.
Miles.
K etchikan .......................................
648
W rangell .........................................
726
Juneau ...............................................
867
Sitka ................................................. 1,024
Skagway ................................... ........ 1,000
Y akutat ............................................. 1,123
K atalla ............................................. 1,293
Cordova ........................................... 1,420
Valdez ............................................... 1,447
Sew ard .............................................. 1,604
RIVER ROUTES—SEATTLE TO ST.
MICHAELS
Miles.
St. Michaels .....................
3,275
A ndreasfsky ..................... 181 3,094
fR ussian Mission ............. 293 2,928

Reproduced from the Unclassified

APPENDIX— MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS
T he ports of Southeastern Alaska are reached by the Alaska Steam­
ship Company, Pacific Coast Steamship Company, Alaska Coast Company,
H um boldt Steamship Company and N orthland Steamship Company. Ports
on the south coast as fa r west as Cooks Inlet are reached by the Alaska
Steamship Company and Alaska Coast Company. Ports on the Aleutian
Peninsula as far west as D utch H arbor by the Alaska Steamship Company
and to Nushagak in summer. N om e and St. Michaels are served by the
Alaska Steamship Company, the Pacific Coast Company and the Western
Alaska Steamship Company.
Several less im portant lines operate from Seattle to and between the
islands o f the Southeastern A rchipelago, and during the open season other
vessels occasionally sail to Nome.

Miles.

INNOKO RIVER

Miles.
Holy Cross to D iskaket................... 370
IDITAROD RIVER
Holy Cross to D ikem an................... 320
KOYOKUK RIVER
Mouth of Koyokuk...........................
0
D agetkaket .......................................... 132
Hughes ................................................ 375
A latna .................................................. 470
fB ettles ................................................ 540
fCold Foot ......................................... 600
W isem an ............................................. 620
VALDEZ TO FAIRBANKS
Willow C r e e k ..................................... 93
F airbanks ........................................... 364
CORDOVA TO FAIRBANKS
C. R. and N. W. R. R. to
C hitina ....................................131
Chitina to Willow Creek....... 39— 170
Copper Center .................................. 182
Tazlina .................................................. 190
Dry Creek ............................................ 198
G ulkana ................................................ 208
Poplar Grove ...................................... 220
Sourdough ............................................ 230
Our Home ........................................... 246
M eier’s (for C hisna)......................... 256
P axton’s .............................................. 272
Y ost’s .................................................... 290
Millen’s ................................................ 302
Rapids .............................................. ... 315
Donelley’s ............................................ 326
Gordon’s .............................................. 342
Sullivan’s ................................ ........... 358
W ashburn ........................................... 381

Overland ........ ..................................... 391
S alchaket ........................................... 401
T hirty Mile House ........................... 413
Byler’s ................................................. 423
Sixteen Mile H ouse........................... 425
Eight Mile H ouse............................... 433
F airbanks ............................................ 441
TRAIL, SEWARD TO KUSKOKWIM
AND IDITAROD
A laska N orthern R. R. to Kern.... 72
G lacier .................................................. 76
Bird Creek ......................................... 88
Ship Creek ......................................... 101
E agle .................................................... 116
Old K nik .............................................. 132
K nik ...................................................... 152
L ittle Susitna ................................... 167
S usitna ............................................... 187
Ocer Cutoff ......................................... 229
H ayes River ..................... .................. 245
H appy River ...................................... 262
P ass Creek ......................................... 284
Sum m it ................................................ 294
Dalzell .................................................. 298
Rohn River .......................................... 303
F rench Hoe ........................................ 340
Nicholl’s .............................................. 363
B erry’s .................................................. 389
Tocotna ................................................ 415
Nickson ................................................ 433
W halen’s .............................................. 446
Stafford’s .............................................. 472
Moore .................................................... 489
Ruby Creek ........................................ 516
O tter ...................................................... 533
Iditarod ............................................... 543

MISCELLANEOUS
Corporations existing in A laska, from Governor’s report for 1912:
Local. Foreign. Totals.
Mining .............................................................................................. 185
280
465
F isheries ..................................... .................................................... 11
37
48
Railroads ........................................................................................
2
24
26
E lectricity ...................................................................................... 17
10
27
Publishing ...................................................................................... 13
1
14
Navigation ......................................................................................
8
17
25
Sundry .............................................................................................. 229
83
312
465

452

917

NEWSPAPERS FROM GOVERNOR’S REPORT FOR 1912
Chitina ....................................... C hitina L eader (weekly)
Cordova ......................................Cordova Daily A laskan
A laska Pioneer (m onthly magazine)
Douglas ........................................Douglas Island News (weekly)
F airbanks ................................... The A laska Citizen (weekly)
F airbanks Times (daily and weekly)
Fairbanks Daily News-Miner and T anana T ribune



88

Cost of

RATE OF WAGES PER DAY
Living
Mechanics.
Miners
Laborers.
Per Day.
Cordova .............................
$6.00
$4.00
$3.00
$1.00|
Douglas ............................... $4.50— 6.00 $3.25— 5.00
$3.00— 3.50
1.00*
6.00
5.00
5.00
2.00*
Eagle and Fortym ile.......
F airbanks ......................... 7.00—10.00
5.00— 8.00
5.00— 8.00 l.OOf— 3.00*
H aines ...............................
5.00
4.00
3.00
l.OOf
3.25— 5.00
3.00— 3.50
1.00*
Juneau ............................... 4.50— 7.00
K etchikan .........................
5.00
4.00
3.50
1.00|
Nome ................................... 8.00—10.00
5.00
6.50J
1 50f
P etersburg ......................... 4.00— 6.00
4.50— 6.00
2.50— 3.75 1.25f— 2.50*
Seward ............................... 5.00— 6.00
4.00
3.00
1.00*
Skagway ...........................
5.00
3.50
4.00
1.25*
Valdez ................................. 5.00— 7.50
5.00
3.50
1.25*
W rangell ...........................
5.00
4.00
3.50
1.25*
fBoard only. *Board and room.

Jlncludes board.

COMMERCE—IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
IMPORTS
Merchandise in 1912 from the U nited States was............... ..........$21,992,761
Merchandise in 1912 from foreign ports was............... ....................
925,034
Total .... ..................................................... .............. ...........................$22,917,795

EXPORTS
Merchandise in 1912 to the U nited States........................................$24,793,886
Merchandise in 1912 to foreign ports................................................. 1,452,955
D om estic gold and silver to U nited States................................. ..... 16,031,705
T otal ............ ............ .............. ............... ............. .................... ...... ....$42,278,456



89

Holdings of the National Archives

( Governor’s R eport fo r 1912)

I Declassified

RATE OF WAGES AND COST OF LIVING

Reproduced from the Unclassified

Haines ....... ................................The H aines Pioneer P ress (weekly)
H ot Springs ............................... H ot Springs Echo (weekly)
Iditarod ....................................... Iditarod Pioneer (weekly)
Juneau ....................................... A laska D ispatch (daily and weekly)
A laska E m pire (daily)
K etchikan ................................. K etchikan Miner (daily and weekly)
K odiak ....................................... O rphanage News L etter (monthly)
Nome ........................................... Nome Daily N uggett
Nome Industrial W orld (weekly)
P etersburg ................................. The P rogressive
Ruby ........................................... Ruby Record Citizen (weekly)
Sew ard .......................................Sew ard Gateway (daily and weekly)
S itka ........................................... The T hlinget (monthly)
Skagway ................................... _The Daily A laskan
T anana ....................................... Yukon Valley News (weekly)
Valdez ..........................................The Daily Prospector
The Valdez Miner (weekly)
W rangell ................................... The W rangell Sentinel (weekly)
Dailies, 10; weeklies, 12; monthly, 3; to ta l.......................... ..................................... 25

VALUE OF ARTICLES SHIPPED TO THE UNITED
STATES IN 1912
Copper, ere and matte.................................................................................... $ 4,904,715
Fish:
Salmon canned ............................................................................................... 115,551,794
Salmon, all other ............................................................................................
907,242
All other fish and fish products...................................................................
589,529
Fish fertilizers .................................. .............................................................
41,662
Fish and whale oil............................ .............................................................
283,339
Furs ..................................................................................................................
728,554
Gypsum ...........................................................................................................
129,375
Marble ..............................................................................................................
77,159
Tin, ore and concentrates.............................................................................
90,831
Whalebone .......................................................................................................
18,012
Other merchandise ........................................................................................ 1,000,261
Gold and silver............................................................................................... 16,031,705
$40,354,178

PASSENGER TRAVEL 1912
The following table of passenger movement indicates the travel by
regularly established routes to and from the district. Tourists and cannery
employes bound for remote places not included:
Arrivals. Departures.
Southeastern, Southern and Southwest ports...................... 20,645
18,502
Nome, St. Michael and Bering Sea........................................... 2,067
3,375
From Dawson to Eagle...............................................................

22,712
594

21,877
935

23,306

22,812

DISTRIBUTION OF IMPORTS (MERCHANDISE)
To Southeastern Alaska .............................................................................. $
To Southern Alaska, Yakutat to Dutch Harbor.........................................
Bering Sea, except St. Michael...................................................................
St. Michael and Yukon Valley.....................................................................

9,769,224
4,321,689
4,168,934
3,732,914

$21,992,761

VESSELS AND TONNAGE ENTRIES 1912
No.
505
9
20
19

Ketchikan ..................... ........................
Wrangell ........................ ........................
Juneau ........................... ........................
Skagway ............... .......... ........................
Eagle ...............................
4
St. Michael .................... ........................
Nome ............................... ........................ 24
Unalaska ....................... ........................ 14
Cordova
.................... ........................ 30
Sulzer
...................... ........................ 18

643

Domestic.
Tons.
315,189
6,352
18,947
16,199

___

8,598
41,508
5,573
52,676
16,357
481,399

No.
173
22
1
7
45

Foreign.
Tons.
112,890
6,998
2,777
6,402
16,586

29
5

8,552
4,360

282

158,565

.......

Note—The foregoing articles on Commerce are taken from the report of the
U. S. Customs Service, Juneau, Alaska, for the calendar year 1912.



90

CONTENTS

Preface ............................................................................................................
The Value of Alaska to the United States...................................................
Scenic Alaska ................................................................................................
Area ................................................................................................................
Climate............................................................................................................
Climatic Provinces ........................................................................................
Minerals ........ .................................................................................................
Gold— (Historical) ................................................................................
Gold and Silver Production....................................................................
Placer Mines ..........................................................................................
Location of the Principal Mining Centers...........................................
Bill Covering the Location of Placer Claims of August 3, 1912.......
Gold Quartz Mines..................................................................................
Copper ....................................................................................................
History of the Industry..........................................................................
Copper Mining in 1912..........................................................................
Tin ................................ .........................................................................
Minerals of Minor Importance.............................................................
Non-Metallic Minerals—Coal................................................... !...........
Fisheries ............................. *...........................................................................
Seals ................................................................................................................
Furs..................................................................................................................
Agriculture......................................................................................................
Cattle, Sheep and Horses.....................................................................
Reindeer ..................................................................................................
Grain Crops and Grasses..................... ..................................................
Vegetable Crops ....................................................................................
Wild Fruits ............................................................................................
Cultivated Fruits ..................................................................................
Alaska Homestead Laws........................................................................
Forests .........................................................................................................
Wild Game—Animals....................................................................................
Wild Game—Birds .......................................................................................'
Game Laws ................ *..................................................................................
Wild Flowers and Animals—Flowers...........................................................
Birds ........................................................................................................
Insects......................................................................................................
Animal L if e ............................................................................................
Population ......................................................................................................



91

3
4
5
11
12
13
16
16
18
19
23
25
25
30
30
34
35
36
37
41
45
45
46
50
51
53
55
5&
59
60
61
63
60
67
68
69
69
70
70

Description of Towns—Located on Tidewater........................................... .72
Ketchikan.................................................................................................72
Wrangell ...................................................................................................72
Juneau, Douglass and Treadwell...........................................................73
Haines .....................................................................................................74
Skagway ...................................................................................................75
Cordova ...................................................................................................75
Valdez .....................................................................................................7G
Sitka ...................................................................................*.....................7tf
Seward .............................................................................................:.......77
Nome .......................................................................................................77
Interior Towns—
Fairbanks .................................................................................................78
Iditarod City ...........................................................................................80
Ruby C ity.................................................................................................80
Eagle City ...............................................................................................80
Transportation—
Railroads .................................................................................................80
Wagon Roads and Trails.......................... •..............................................80
Appendix—Miscellaneous Items....................................................................85
Miscellaneous ................................ ................................................................. .88
Newspapers from Governor’s Report, 1912................................................. .88
Rate of Wages and Cost of Living.................................................................89
Commerce—Imports and Exports.................................................................89
Value of Articles Shipped to the United States in 1912........................... .89
Passenger Travel, 1912...................................................................................90
Distribution of Imports—Merchandise.........................................................90
Vessels and Tonnage Entries, 1912...............................................................90
MAPS
Alaska—Large—Folder ................................................................................
Alaska—Areas—Comparative ......................................................................
Alaska—Coal and Areas Comparative—Washington.................................
Alaska—M ines................................................................................................
Alaska—Fisheries ..........................................................................................
Alaska—Land Areas .... .................................................................................
Alaska—Steamship Routes............................................................................

97
9
10
17
42
47
86

ILLUSTRATIONS
Library of the Alaska Bureau...................................................................... 2
Tiekel River, 42 Miles from Valdez on Fairbanks Road........................... 6
Columbia Glacier, Prince William Sound.................................................
7
“Sunset” Delta Valley, Tanana Basin........................................................ 8
Placer Mining, Shoveling in by Hand at Nome: The Early Method..... 19



92




93

20
21
22
22
26
32
37
39
41
43
48
50
52
53
54
54
55
56
57
59
62
65
66
68
72
73
73
74
75
76
77
78
78
79
79
81
84
85
85

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Dump of Underground Drift, Mine, Nome...............................................
Hydraulic Mining, Silver Bow Basin...........................................................
Hydraulic Lift, Used in Flat Country; Water Under Pressure...............
Gold Dredge, Nome, Method of Mining Low Grade Gravels, Not Rich
Enough for Hand Labor........................................................................
Treadwell Mine, Juneau, 4,000 Tons of Gold Ore Worked Daily, Cele­
brated for Lowest Costs of Mining.....................................................
Bonanza Copper Mine and Railroad Terminus at Kennicott, Copper
River Basin ............................................................................................
Queen Vein, Bering Coal Field, 40 Feet of Coal in 80-Foot Cut.............
Bering Coal Field, Survey Party at Lunch...............................................
Oil Well, Four Miles West of Katalla.........................................................
Barge of Salmon; 18,000 Fish, Half of Catch in 24 Hours in One Trap..
Mier’s Garden, Valdez-Fairbanks Road; the Pioneer Farm...................
Galoway Cattle, Kodiak Island...................................................................
Reindeer Herd of 2,000 at Cape Prince of Wales.....................................
Grain Field, Government Farm, Fairbanks.................................................
Young’s Farm, Fairbanks, Cutting Three Tons of Barley to the Acre....
Noyes’ Farm, Fairbanks, Making Hay.......................................................
Potato Field, Government Farm, Fairbanks, Six tons to the Acre.........
Cabbage Field, Dawson..................................................................................
Alaska Bureau Exhibit Room........................................................................
Blueberries, Ketchikan ..................................................................................
“Through the Cottonwoods,” Klehini Valley.............................................
Mountain Goats, Successful Mountaineers.................................................
Walrus Heads, Bering Sea Catch.................................................................
Horticultural Display at Skagway...............................................................
Ketchikan, the Southern Port of Alaska, a Center of Mining and
Fishing ....................................................................................................
Juneau, the Capital of Alaska.....................................................................
Haines, Terminus of Proposed Alaska Midland Railway.........................
Lynn Canal and Skagway From Mt. Dewey.............................................
Skagway, Terminus of White Pass & Yukon Railway.............................
Cordova, Terminus of Copper River & Northwestern Railway...............
Valdez, Terminus of Valdez-Fairbanks Road.............................................
Seward, Terminus of Alaska Northern Railroad.......................................
Nome, the Land of Gold and Tin................................................................
Fairbanks, the Center of the Tanana.........................................................
Tanana Club, Fairbanks. “No Better Anywhere”.....................................
Bridge on Valdez-Fairbanks Wagon Road, Built by Alaska Road Com­
mission ....................................................................................................
Tanana Valley Railroad, Fairbanks Junction...........................................
Yukon River, Mouth of Anvik......................................................................
Waterfront at Fairbanks................................................................................

Trow
M e K in lt

**'n»r;ghtinUti
H a r r iS O 0

MAP OF

W«JI t»Anxiely Pt

pla»m*n1.

C o m p ile d fr o m m a p s o f th e U. S . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y
A la s k a R o a d

C o m m is s io n , a n d

from other

d a ta

by

A l a sk a B u r e a u
S eattle
Ch am b er of Commerce

TENN

*ou»*

1913
S o a -le
A p p r o x im a te ly

50 0 0

W IS EM AILS

ooo

8 0 m ile s t o 1 i n c h . ^ ^ ^

ip showing the relative size of Alaska and Ihe United 5late&r'

fcLl.AKA.KAT

Hahe"'

T ^ a ilr o a d s

jfcoade

•Lakti

HAMLIN

T r a ils

,OWO«d< ^ '
(^fwiLVE Mil
.^JsCS**

i

;t3 tfA T A N I K A

^

CLEARY

/

,

VIRBAN^S
JNbyleks .iKfi.

'M5NZa.
*AL7Ag
f EHANA<

iLAKlik

j

T

I

L

■'e<SnNIFIELD(

.e s a v .e ^

j^*-Luke _
M i n c h u m in )

Orr>»nof,

13800

SotlaLhnc
3MAA*ii.ro
"‘' milto.

'98*0^

’"AOELt
!“ * eAp.
■hunuk River

.^WtMcK'inli^y,
'/I-Z0300 ;:-4 ?
If l^rakervW.

,M L L I V « n \

J

ID ITARO7

1SS^SS&
^'SSIOI

?*ai.mo«V \y Tanlon.
5 nuwMb I N IC O L I

5 / ' j \ LlNCOi
M em an
Moone flfj

pmLin&J

/IN A 5 A L E

*1

'figure

• I 'T .U L K A J jA

in TAtqwA^t;-;
^finST Wr«W<e-

Hooper

ftivcr

•0*KWAL|
nhmuni

Mozen
:ouV»r
3!in

S

( - J I W IL L O W

w o. ^
jsitma,

S L E IT m u t

Vnf [

Jr !

3;;/;.

S A O L t* 'j.'
.C i m p b i l b ; , ; ; - T y )5 N B J

ws
wm

M B!

isStejifi***
Foreland/)
pKENAI

rt'kowi

t o n s in a

- „^c

Naked

1

:o r c a -

CORD'
I .T A L L

0

IKenctiL.mt j,

IV» 0 f l

,ocklin4,

S E ^ /A R tf
amAb;

wtchflrft

jAo^ustine I. ^

Ikvicmak

Clear*

' s e .l d o v i a '

C.fair* * 1

Chatham
*5Haw1.

c

\CDouelas f”
iaknek

JiVatmek L.
Pt Bdnka

DOUULA!

iHiCKseunj

^Mirrnol I.

ttuprtoiffi
^rOlO1
KODIAK

KAOUYAK
Chiynih Hay
J C h iq n ik

VBuldir I.
Korovin,

^gjL/Chuj lmI^ t^hveetoTX, Scrru&opachnai I
^

s/lillloSitkin - O ’

£lANc^ n3tI

L

U c h ftta ^ V

**«. i

/

Imakl.

Unalgal* t>KavaljaI-

^ /.We&t of Qpc^nwich

r He f o u r m o u n t a ih s




6»r«lo.I.£^Twwgal

West of Onsenwich

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

im m v m asp

im m

mh

mrxm,

exnorta from Portland sad Pag*ti

(1)

Oolt, O.G*# 11¥« stock at&tistlea
i,

....I ,

m*.

iM t

f&)

■................... ................... . *

0

«P ff

Jolmsoa, F«£V, Beso Itition adopted bjr the Beis©
oial Club

(4)

Kerr, W*J*# Outitas of address is regard to Begicm&l
3sn& ia Portland#

(5)

Loveland* CU3*» 3t&ti8tle®& Baa*; M i s s

|6)

# C*A+t Fruit ad*eag« In the lortteest with
illti8irai©& nap. (Map ia. separate folder)

(?)

Kills* A*I»»V Baric statciaaist® of the JSoi’tfcvest#

{8)

Sargent* S»G*#.Capitalissstiom ®to#
Lists relating' t© barJK$|«

($]

State

JmzfaItta is separate fojiBar*

S t e a l c o n d i t i o n s




inttifc Pacific 'Iorth~

i101

m at*

(!l )

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




E z h ib it

N o ,

I

Reproduced from the Unclassified Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

I#'
B a l f o u r , G u t h r ie

&

Co.

J
f

$

0

cf& ) J 4tExhibit No.

Exports of Barley from Portland and Puget Spund*

In tons of 2000 lb s.

r?

Prom 1st SeptemberA 1912* to list August, 1913*
PORTLAND

55,500

PUGET SOUND

J . l I oo

6^,000
Prom 1st September, 19Hn? to ’U s t December. 1913.
PORTLAND
PUGET SOUND




H ea rin g a t

22,750
^,250

,

is

'

>

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

PORTLAN D. OREG O N

BALFOU R, GUTHRIE a C O .

.jJ

!') IK V
it

.a

Bxports of Barley from Portland and Puget Spund^
In tons of 2000 l~bg«

From 1st Septembers 19I2A to 11 ot August, 191

PORTLAHD

55» 500

PUGT.T ,'OUKD

7 ,5 0 0

6 3,.000

From 1st September t 19.13V to
PORTLAHD
PUG1?T SOUND




U a t December .t 1913*
22,750
3.350
26,060

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

BA L F O U R , G U T H R IE 8c CO.

PORTLAND, OREG ON

COPY
BxffOrta of Barley from Portland and Pu^et Spund.»
In tons of

2000

l~b8»

From 1st September, 191 2M to 11 Bt August, 1 9 H »

PCH TLAW D

55»5^o

PUG 'T "OUIOj

[oc

63,000

Proifl 1st S^pteBi’ber^ 1913m to
"m m ,p m
PU CT5T

S O T O




jlst j ^ c ^ m f a e r 1933*
2 2 ,7 5 0

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Ba l f o u r * g u t h r i e & c o .

PORTLAND, OREG ON

COPY
Ixoerta of Parlay .from Portland ninl Fttget Sound,

In t o n * of 2000 lb>.
from .let

.1912* to

U « t August^ 1911*

POHTLABB

55#500

PtlGBT r*OUMJ)

JZ j .
6 3 .0 0 0

From 1st 3«pt«»b*T,a., 191
POPTLANI)
PtJGTsT SOOTB




to Ust D»«3*>iaber» 191
22,750
^250
2 6 .0 6 0

I

Reproduced from the Unclassified Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

/

B a l f o u r , G u t h r ie

&

*f

/' * u '

Co.

0 ,4 4 4 -A

nA i « ta

^ / U

Shipments of Wheat and Flour (as Wheat) from Portland and Puget Sound,
In tons of 2000 rb,s«
From 1st September» 1912» to list August^ 1913»

JcO" OXciXlU a

u

d u u iiu

XU udxb 1

EUROPE
Wheat

2 2 0 ,5 0 0

7 0 ,2 5 0

ORIENT.
Wheat
Flour

5 6 ,0 0 0

1 3 2 ,2 5 0

1 8 8 ,2 5 0

72,500

268,000

340, 5o a

290,750

528^750

COASTWISE
Wheat
Flour

2 2 6 ,2 5 0

87,750

5 2 ,5 0 0

76,000

314,000
128.500
442.500

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA
WJieat

From 1st September*
EUROPE
Wheat
Flour

I.9 1 . 3

j, to

1 ,0 0 0

36,000

6 2 8 ,7 5 0

670,250

3lB t

December*.

1 9 .1 .1 .

33,ooo

122,000
150

1,50 0

M&2S2,
1 . 299,000

.

15 5,0 0 0

. 1,65ft
156,650

ORIENT.
Wheat
Flour

71,0 0 0
153,0 0 0

29.500
66.500

100 ,500
219,500

320,000
COASTWISE.
Wheat
Flour

112,000
28,250

' 3T COAST SOtlTH AMERICA.
Wheat




a s f t t ia o .

.. . .

33.500
3 7 . 500

145,500

9,250

9,250

338,750

_ 697,150

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

B A L FO U R , G U T H R IE & C O .

PORTLAND, OREGON

Shipment8 o f Wheat and Flour ( a s d f t Q J P l & o m Portland and Pi
In tona of 2000 lbs.
From 1st September* 1912* to 31st Augusta 1913*
Portland >
m m om
Wieat

Puget Bound#

220 * 500

70,250

56,000

To tals«
222 a 2!i!L

onimt.
fheat
Flour

72,500

132 ,2 50
258,000

co^smai
" ...Wheat
Flour

226,250
52,500

6 ?,7 5 0
7t>f ooo

1,000

36,000

628,750

670,250

168,250

1TOT C0A8Y SOUTH AMKKICA
fK e a l

.

1 .2 9 9 .0 Q Q

From lat September, 1913« to 31st December* 1913*
2U 20FE

Weat
Flour

1 2 2 ,0 0 0

150

33#000
1,50 0

155.000
1.650.
156.650

OKIHBT,
Wheat
Flour

29.500
66.500

71*000
153,000

112,000
28,250

37.500

100.500
219.500

COAS'fWISB.
'.VI1 s a t

Flour

W8ST COAST SOOTH

145,500

J £ ,.7 l9 .

tfSUCA,

---------- W 5 T E --------------




33.500

9 ,2 5 0

358.4QQ

.3 3 8 ,7 5 0 ............. 697.15,0

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

PORTLAND, OREGON

B A L F O U R . G U T H R IE & C O .

Shipmenta of ffhaat and Flour (as Whaat) from Portland and Pu&at uo.und.

In t o m of 2000 lbs,
From let 8eT>t<?mfr#?» 1912* to list Auguat» 1911*
P o r tla n d »

Pnm t

to t a l6 «

B ound.

HTfHOPK
2 2 0 ,5 0 0

H W

70*250

i2 2 * m

O B IK ffT

$ h « a t

5 ^ #o o o

Flour

7 a #?oo

i 3 2 » 2 ^>

lfi8,250

2 0 8 ,0 0 0

1 3 8 ,7 5 0

c o a s t ?ibis

226,250
52,500

..W h e a t

Flour

87*750

’ 14,000

76 #000

£ * £ i£ S

WE8T COAST SOUTH AOTHI.C.A,
’""r

'^W <?a¥

1,000

"... "' r"-

•

6 2 8 *7 ^ °

from 1st Bgptamber* 1911* to l i s t

3&#ooo

6 ? q .2 5 0

1911«

v'Xy;op:-f
w T v?at

1 2 2 ,0 0 0

Flou~

150

3 3 .'> 0 0
l » 5- o

2 5 5 .Q O O

l.ogQ
I

o b ih b t

.

71.000

'^ h # ? a t

29.500

Flour

66.500

l53 # o oo

100,500
219.500

1 1 2 ,0 0 0
2 8 , ?,$Q

33.500
37.5' o

1*5,500
6 5 .750

OQABtnm .
wh»at

Flour

211.25cj.
IKST COASt 30WTH WS^lfiA.
...........




9 . a 5o

3 5 liiS O

338.7AQ

9 . 25a

i2Iil52

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

PORTLAND, OREGON

B A L F O U R , G U T H R IE & C O .

, COPY

SfoiflBMffltt of ffhoat mad Flour .(»,» Whuat) from P o r t la n d and P u g « t Sound.

In tona o f 2000 lb s .
.tram . \*% M a M w I * * .19 1? .. to Kb% Augnot. 19*3.
P o r tla n d *

2 2 8 2 £ |.

•at

2M25L

2 2 0 ,5 0 0

Sound*

7 0 .2 5 0

290.750

Wh*at

56,000

13 2 ,2 5 0

1 0 8 ,2 5 0

W ou r

? 2 ,5 o o

2 6 8 ,0 0 0

* » O .S O fl

528.750
m

im

s -

W h »»t

Flour

326,250
52,500

87,750
76,000

314,000
1 2 8 .5 0 0
4 4 2.500

TOST COAST nO^TH AFRICA
..................... '
WWt

1.D 00

628.750

36.000
.._6 2 S L l?.5o _

1 .2 9 9 .0 0 0

n « t Z>acmaber, 191"?.

SMtfc•fit
F lO U T

1 2 2 ,0 0 0

1>0

33.000
1 ,5 ' 0

1 5 5 .0 0 0
.
1*652
1 ^ 6 ^

A B E?
J lo u r

2 9 .5 0 0
66.500

7 1 . 000
l 5 3 .o o o

1 0 0 ,5 0 0

2£$& ££SL

112,000
2 8 ,2 5 0

33.5oo
37. 5< 0

145.500
J iiv Z a

2 1 1 , 25g
*KST COAST foHTH AMPIBirA.
lE h * n v




9 .3 5 0

9 .3 5 a

I

Reproduced from the Unclassified Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




Exhibit

No.

Hearing at

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

PORTLAND CA3PTEB LOAH COMPAHY

Exhibit No,
Hearing

Statement by 0*0.C o l t .
The Portland Cattle Loan Company was organized during
the summer of 1912, opening “business August of that year. Between
that date and January 1, 1914, the company ha® loaned to stock
000,

men over the Northwest approximately $10,000, / ab out 18,000,000
of which has been paid, something over $2,000,000 being in force
at the present time.

Loans have “been mad© in the states of Ore­

gon, Washington, northern California, Idaho, Utah and Western
Montana,

Bankers and livestock people throughout this district

have assured the Loan management that nc other one thing has
"been a greater aid to the stock industry than the facilities
offered "by it, and that the company has been a great stimulus
to the livestock production throughout the territory mentioned.
Records show that the company has made loans on approx­
imately 170,000 head of cattle, and something like 700,000 head
of sheep.

This has enabled stockmen vrho had cattle and no feed

to purchase feed for the purpose of finishing off the livestock
for market, and those who had feed hut no livestock to purchase
livestock and feed it for market.

Thus the company has been the

means of a profit to livestock people an d to the farmers who
were forced to market

their hay or livestock for want of suf­

ficient funds to carry on their operations and prepare their
product for the market in the most advantageous way.
loaifrG are made under chattel mortgage.




All these

^

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

MEAT AMD POULTRY PRODUCTS.

Stat ament by C.C.Colt, Union Meat Company.
The fresh meat and meat products sold by the Union
Meat

Company and other organizations of this otateoutside of

Portland in the year 1913 aggregated about #9,000,000.
The poultry products received in Portland and then
shipped out, according to the estimate of the Union Meat Company
management, would run approximately $3,000,000,
The business of these companies from Portland constitutes
the bulk of the purchases of southwestern Washington, a very
large share of

all Oregon, and the Inland JSmpire,

including a good portion of southeastern Washington,




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

v)

> /j

/ I

7 riX ju &

e>

i "w

/

Al

/y n
&
&
/*'

(I

>ct

Reported by 0. M. Plummer, Secretary-Treasurer Portland
Union Stockyards Company, North Portland.
The value of livestock handled through the Portland
Union Stoclcyards in 1913 was about $15,000,000.

The increase

for 1913 over the past year was about 15 per cent.

In view of

the fact that 1913 was regarded a bad business year this showing
is submitted.

As an evidence of the strong position of this as

a livestock center and the rapid expansion of business it is
sure to enjoy,in the subjoined tables the increase for the
vaii ous years is shown to be in fair proportion to that of 1913.
In the tabulated statements following,

of the states where live­

stock shipped here originate, and particularly in that table
containing the shipping points by carload lots,

it is shown that

the Portland Union Stockyards Company draws its supplies from
all of Oregon, Idaho, Washington, Montana, California, Utah
and Nevada, as well as some business from Wyoming, Colorado
and other states further l a s t .

Since enactment of the new tariff

law inquiries are being received here from Alberta from growers
who regard Portland as their natural outlet.

The Portland Union

Stockyards Company is the only one of a similar nature west of
S t .Paul and Da n v e r .
Without; attempting to distribute the location of the stocktierjds of the Pacific Northwest, the figures on the commercial
movement to this port are submitted as evidence of the fact that
Portland yards are the real commercial and financial center of
of the industry for



practically the entire coast.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

of

state

I

Cattle

live

Sfooic

I

1909! 1910 ; 1911 I

i 1909 ; i9io : i 9 i i : 1912 i m s :
•

*

*

Qalvee

•

«

1912
•

; ww
*

Oregon
: 17512: 46416s 40084: 4 3140s40329s 1868:
66?£s
414£s
1879:
3069
Idaho
s
£009: 20327s 16627: 16900:19687:
626:
l£86s
1862:
S91:
209
Washington
:
1141:
1710: 4720:
£610: 2631:
62s
126:
£79:
104:
76
Montana
: --- s
3657: 11946: 669£: 6054: -----: ---- :
512:
166:
698
California
:
69: 162:80:
8318'
£671: 7049: - — :
199:
2:
864s
522
Dtah
s --- s
£672:
3616:
1220: 3764' 3s
------: ---Hevaaa
: ----:
716:
1367: 967120- ----- : ---- : -----------: ---Ffyoming
: --- : ----- : 432:
------ : --- : ---- : ---- '• ---- :
Is
-----Colorado
: --- : ----- : 575:
------ s ---- s ---- : ---- : ---- : ---- : ---3el>ras3£a
: --- : ----- s
242:
18: ---- s ---- :
:
— is
2:
-----Min so llane ous:____ 26 s____ 66 s
112 s„__ 303:__ 5 6 5 : ----:______6 s____ 16s
£ ■■
3
£0556

State

89733

88139

Hog-e

;

78621 803S9

;

: 1909 ; 1910 : 1911 ; 1912 ; m s ;
Oregon
:
Xdaho
:
Washington
s
Montana
:
California
s
Utah
:
ilevada
:
Wyoming
:
Colorado
:
Hehraska
:
Miscellaneous:

2438

8297

6818

£798

4666

Sheep

i?09; isic ; i s n

: 1912 ; i s is

£0301: 25559: 29624:65216:94319:16897:112626:£08846:170174:217634
12048: 18967: 11066: 33204:70900:
457: 13524: 36388: 28824: 36916
3549:
eOll:
6083: 11102:19771s10160: 21216s 34656: £6004: 35057
----- s ----- s ----- :
166:
958*. 4678:
7858: 17978s 28042: 7089
----- s
787-4722:
5307: 2276:------ : 9622:
1936:
£ 099:
34
----- : ----- : ----- : ----- : ---- :----- : 2474:
2248:
4 64: --------- : ----- : ----- : ----- : ---- :----- :------ :------ :------ : --------- : ----- : ----- :
£21: ---- :----- :------ :------ :------ s --------- : ----- : ----- : ----- : ---- :----- ------- :------ :------ : ----365: 29999:33789:
5738: ---- :----- :------ :------ ------- : ---------: ----- : ----- : ----- : ---- :----- :
199:------ :------ : ----36263




83323

86273 120953188286 32092 167418 301052 255607 295730

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

fO T A L

Month
January
February
Baroih
April
May
Jim©
July
August
September
October
ICovember
Pecan ber
2?otal 1913
1909
1910
1911
19 IE
2?otal

Oafctle

} io n ih
January
February
iferoh
April
May
Jtme
July
August
September
October

November
December

Tot& l




355,164

:

1913

Sheep

:£*£ S*

Cars

17,677:
24,726:
22,603:
14.630:
28,265:
27,187:
29*220:
22,182:
38,822:
23,743:
26,401:
20.274:

145
297
229
161
129
74
126
56
46
154
67
46

557
483
503
520
594
567
504
445
592
595
549
591

4 „666
2,438
8,297
6,818
2,798

188 286:
36 263:
83,323:
85,273:
120,953:

295,730:
32.092:
167,418:
301,052:
255.607:

1,530
530
1/741
2,259
2.413

6,500
1 417
5,408
5,844
5,666

: 25,017 :

514,098:

1,051,899:

8,473

24,835

3HIPPBJD

kM

BRIVSflf

Hogs
:
halves .
131 ... ~ W , m \
16 426:
52
14,740:
186
13,807:
325
14,246:
571
627
18 418:
11,285:
906
5Q0
7,053:
11,102’
413
18,769:
585
20,629:
214
21,774:
76

Oattie
6,189
5,618
6,589
8 308
7, £68
6,069
6,776
7,926
7,310
7,058
5,108
6,036

Total 1913 : 80.325
1909
; 20,556
: 89,677
1910
1911
; 87,525
1912
*. 77,081

YT5AR

21,062:
15,683;
15,1415
13.510:
14.169:
18.820:
11,443:
6,241:
11,981:
18,505:
20 687:
21 044:

131
• 55
195
454
448
666
853
576?
414
586
212
76

80,399
£0.556
89,733
88,139
76.521

T O m

TOE

Hogs

Oal'ves

6,534
5,474
6,556
8,242
7,600
6,115
6,624
7,640
7,632
6,886
4.997
6,099

: 355,348

R K Q E IP T S

:
:
:
:
:

4,673
2,438
8,293
6,819
2,793
25,016

:
:
:
:
:

188,423:
36,263:
82,672:
85,834:
120,906:
514,098

OVf

FOR

YEAR

JSiieep

18,566:

fi. & M

24,009:
298
22,236:
225 :
15,076:
163
27,257:
128 :
74 :
27,668:
127
27,802:
57 :
20.980:
46 :
30,073:
144
29,438:
23.487:
66 :
23,878: ____ 48 :
290,812:
32,035:
167,011:
300,171:
254,572:
1,044,601

Gare
204
221
248
237
277
231
211
240
303
273
276

1,522
503
1,766
2.261
2,413

2,958
899
2,465
2,411
2,353

8,465

11.086

reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

IfUMSEE

OF

CABS

1913

To Portland Union Stock Yards, Korth Portland, Ore.

0 H S 0 0 J.

Cattle
Albina
Aroadia
Adarasboro
Airlie
A lb a n y

Ashland
Arlington
Athens
Amity
Aurora
Bonita
Brooks
Bend
Baker
Boatty
Bertha
Brogan
Biggs
Brownlee
Brownsville
Blalook
Blue Mountain
Central Point
Culver
Canby
Carlton
Cecil
Cold Springs
Condon
Clackamas
Corvallis
Cove Creek
Creswell
Coburg
Cornelius
Clem
Chilofuin
Perry
Dayt oih
Deer inland



Hogs

sheep

Mixed

Cars

1

3
2
9

1

7
3

1
12

11

3
7
2

2
5

19
30
5

8

12
2

4
1

1
1

1

16

4
14

12
136

160

1

2
1

1

3

3
3
9

3
9
6

13

£0

11

11

3
3

3
2
2

11

3

3

3
7

1

1

56

71
18

6

8

8

87

1
50

30

16

28
3

27

1

13

7

1
£

2

1
1
3

1

3
1
9

1
18£
1
75
3
1

2
1
1

7

11

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-£ ‘

Cattle
Pillard
Brain
BurkeeBonald

10
4
19
6

Eolio

88

Hlfjin
Enterprise
Eugene
Eastland
Eagle Creek
fairground
Fairview
Forest Grove
Fargher
Gervai s
Gateway
Gibson
Gold Hill
Gaston
Grass Valley
Gibbon
Gregg
Gwendolin
Haines
Halsey
Harxi sburg
Hope
Heppne r
Hermlston
Hillsboro
Hunts Ferry
Hood Ri’ver
Himtington
Hoover
Hilgard
Hubbard
Homestead
liable r
Independence
lone
Island City
Jefferson
Joseph
Jersey
Junction City
Juniper
Klondylte
Kaskela
Kent
Klamath Falls




Hogs

4
6
44
2

4
14
6
1
1
1
6

Sbeep
£

Mixed

18
2

2

17

4
2

113

r5

84
16
1
1

£4
4
1
1

Cars

12
24
21
6
12

3

1

2

1

1

2
6

48
3
1

9
6
2
4

7

6

2
3
11

1
3 '
16
S3

31
6
8
63
8
6

6
20
6

16

£4
64
6

1

6
2

1

17
11
1
3
63
67

1
19
7

21

2
17
6

48
2

4

£4

9

6

43
3
66

1

10

2

122
8
8

3

-16

39

8

6
2
11
1
1

£8
10
4
7

4
60

29

1

16
1

8

4
4
2

29

3
7
1
44
17
1

£

8

6

13

2
2
11
1
17

13
14
7
7
134
1
60
1
1
2

3
8

3
16

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Cattle
LaOrantie
Latourelle
Lebanon
Lone A1re©

£1
6

Lafayette
Madras
li&rohland
!.'COoy

1
1
1

jtilwaukee
Mola11a
Meachum

1

Mikkalo
Metoliua
Monmouth
Midland
Millorsfcurg
Milton
Mitchell

MtAngel
Moro
McMinnville
Myrtle Greek
!Iorth Powder
II- v / b e r g

%
t
J
EO
8
15
£
££

Oakland
Opal City

Pendleton
Pilot Rock
Parker
Prat urn

Plain Yiew

Mixed
£

8

7

1

9

10

1£

4

7

5

10

3
1

1
7
1

.1
13
6
1
19

17

11

6

£3
1
7'

10

3

11

r.

29
£0
1
53

5

13

3

39
1

36

43

1
9

£8

3
£4
m

3
5

&£

1
1

1

£

6

19
1

£7
1
4
34

Roberts

1

Rttftts

£

Sonny




8

1

£

Sheid
■
Springfield

£
1
8

1

£
£0

Shaniko

3
3

3

43

■Saginaw
Salem

1

1
4|

Robinette
’■Rowland

1
£8
1
30
1
£7
1
£0
1
5
IS
£5
9
16
f,
£6
4
11
3

1
1
£
8

Biddle
Hock Creak
E g sehurir

>*/fs

£

3
35
£

Bedmond

Gars

12
4

4

i;o th Portland
Nyssa

Ontario'
Oregon City

Sheep
4

£f
1
7
1
20

Lostine

Medford

Ho^e

7

to
7?
■7
74

£

r:j:

16
9
£

i
i
£

9
1
3

1

19
*">
£

5

1
1

7
£0

3

9
1

1

12

6

11

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-4 -

Oattle

Sherar

5

Scoggins

2

Sheridan
SilYerton

£

Hogs

Sheep

Mixed

3

6
4

1£

6
74

B im m ox

S outh Junetion
Stanfield
Stoekdsle

61

1
51
1

1

Z

fSuver
T angent

11

39

Terrebonne
Tillamook
The Bailee
Trout dale
Turner
Union Junction

98 .
6
17

Umatilla

1£

1

Yale
Vanora
Wallowa

10

3
1
1C

v'arrenton
r

6

£
20

20

2

ZO
29

1
19

1
I
1
314

11

36

&£

8

a
I X

u

waseo
West Solo
West Staytdn
VJilkeeboro

3
1

5
6

Wilbur

3
7
Z

1
2

Willsclale
Winch

19
17
3
7
1
£

Woodburn

£

Yamhill
Yonoalla

£
1

6

7
3

7£4

843

439

rnotal




£1

1

1416

4

1

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

MUMP

Of

CABS

SHIPPED

To Portland Union Stoak Yards,

19IS

Hortfc Portland, Ore.

I A S H I I 3 I 0 I.

Town

'Bogs

Cattle

Sheep

Mixed

Oars

Avery

3

Z

Attalia

1

1

Benge
BiirSanlr

1

3
£

Chev/elah

Central Ferry
Colfax
Centerville
Gentralia
Castle Rock

1

6

t

1

1

1
1
16
1
1

1
.1
17
1
1

£

Go1fax

1

*

O O S B lO D O liS

1

1

1

9

^

Dayton

17

Donald-

t

2

iJ iiS Ii

1

1

1J

•'UlortBlvarg

\rt*i»3ott

^

£

fallbridpre

Goldendale

1-~
3

O o o c ln o e

£S

4

7

4£

2

^

1

3*4

G -r a a d tie w

5

^

Qr&n^r

4

f

Grass cup

£

JC

Srana Dalles

'•
Hooper
""onger

13

4
£

4
f1

nt
I itita e

Kennewick
iir u tm
___________
Lacrosse

4

„£uaont '
liOwcien ,
Lyle

1
4
16
5

Mldval*
Moleon I

6




2.

1

6

|

4
1

o
1
^
1

6

1
2

90

1

11
2.6
^
£
&

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

To TO

Gat tie

forth Yakima

6
6
1
c
1

Roosevelt
Ridgefield

r
C>
1

£
3

£1

6
1
1
18

1
1
1

1

1
%
5
1

Va&er

1




£

6

£
1

fatal

.Gars

6

15
13
£

So-ppenish
Tenino
Towal
Turner

Yaeole

Mixed

5

Pasco
Patterson
Plymouth
Pomeroy
Prescott
Prosser
Pullman

Wright
WaitslDurg
W&hkiakus
Vifashtuokna
V.'ashougal
".'alia We 11a
Warwick:
Winona
iVhitcomt)
I"oo dialed

Sheep

6

Outlook:

Sprague
Seattle
Spokane
Starlmck
Satus
St * John
Sunnyeide

lOg 8

£

6

1
1

£
11
1
£3
14
3
1
4£
1
6
1
1
£
3
K
1
10
1
1
1
1

C

£
17
7
5
1
£1
£
£
4
£

£

£

1
r?
O
1
£

13
£
4
1
14
1

£
4
a
4

4

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Bo i s e C o m m e r c i a l C l u b
Bo is e , I daho

Boise,

Jan. 27, 1914

To the Honorable Reserve Bank
Organization Committee,
Portland, Oregon.
Gent lemen:This is to certify that at
a special meeting of the Board of Di­
rectors of the Boise Commercial Club
held January 27th, 1914, the following
resolution was adopted;
RESOLVED, tjiat is is our
opinion that the commercial and agri­
cultural interests of southern Idaho
and Boise will be best served, by the
establishment of a Federabl Reserve
District in the Northwest, embracing
the states of Oregon, Washington, Mon­
tana i-nd Idaho.
BE IT 7I7?.TEF.R ?.ES0TVE7>,
That our President, F. P. Johnson, be
and is hereby appointed a committee
of one to represent the Boise Commer­
cial Club before the Reserve Bank or­
ganization Committee at their meeting
to be held in Portland Friday, Jan.30,
1914, our said committee having full
power to act as he may deem best in
connection with a li>e committee from
the Boise Clearing Eouse Association.




Respectfully yours,

Secretary

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




At a meeting of the Boise Clearing House
Association held this 27th day of January, 1914,
Mr. F. E. Parsons, Cashier of the Pacific nation­
al Bank, v/as unanimously elected as a committee
to represent this Association and other hanks,
and to accompany H r . F, F. Johnson of the Boise
Oity national Bank, who represents the Boise Com­
mercial Club, to appear before the Reserve Bank
Organizer Committee in the interests of a north­
west Federal Eeserve District.

BOISE CLBAP.IEG HOUSE ASSOCIATION

^ r e s id e n t

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

DAY

LETTER

F orm

2589B .

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R PO R A TED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O F F IC E S IN A M E R IC A

CA B LE S E R V IC E T O ALL T H E W O R L D

T his C om p an y T R A N S M I T S a n d D E L I V E R S m essages o n ly o n co n d it io n s lim it in g its lia b ilit y , w h ich h a v e b een a ssented t o b y th e sen d er o f th e fo llo w in g D a y L e t t e r .
E rrors can be g’u arded ag-ainst o n ly b y repeating: a m essa g e b a ck t o th e sending: sta tio n fo r com p a ris on , a n d th e C om p an y w ill n o t h old it s e lf lia b le fo r e rr o rs o r d ela y s in
tra n sm ission o r d e liv e r y o f U n r e p e a t e a D a y L e t t e r s , sent at re d u ce d ra tes, b e y o n d a sum eq u a l t o ten tim es th e a m ou n t pa id fo r tra n sm ission ; n or in any ca se b e y o n d th e sum
of F i f t y D o l l a r s , at w h ich , unless o th e rw ise sta ted b e lo w , th is m essa g e has been v a lu e d b y th e sen d er th ereof, n or in any ca se w h ere th e cla im is n o t presented in w r it in g w ith in
s ix t y d a y s a fte r th e le tte r is filed w ith th e C om p an y fo r tra n sm ission .
T his is an U N R E P E A T E D D A Y L E T T E R , a n d is d e liv e r e d b y req u est o f th e send er, u nd er the co n d itio n s na m ed a b ov e.
TH EO .

N . V A IL ,

P R E S ID E N T

BELVID ERE

A

20

B LU E

^

ID AH O

J AN

29

JOHNSON
MULTNOMAH

NINE
AT

MANAGER

1 EX
BOISE

F F

GENERAL

Exhibit im
Hearing at

“ C EIVED AT
4P0

B R O O K S,

NATIONAL

NAMPA

AND SEVEN

AUGUST




HOTEL

FIFTH

P O R T L A N D ORE

STATE

BANKS

WHEN CURRENCY

REPRESENTED
B ILL

GROUP M E E T I N G

WAS D I S C U S S E D

J W ROB I N SON
S EC R L i AR Y
1 0 3 3 AM

AT

t

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




Exhibit

No.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

'jh

H e a rin g a t

,0 (lj~/

I

/ *n

"THE WORK OP OAC AMD THE PUTURE PROSPECTS POR THE PARMER IN OREGON"
Outline of notes for 10~minute address at Bankers*
and Business M e n ’s Conference at Portland, January
30, 1914, with Secretaries McAdoo and Houston in
regard to regional hank in Portland.

I.

OREGON AGRICULTURE
1*

Total land area of the state - 61,188,480 acres

2*

Total land in farms - 11,685,110 acres (19^ of total area)

3*

Improved land in farms - 4,274,803 acres
V56JI of land farmed; 1% total area)

4*

Total number of farms - 45,502; average size, 256 acres;
average value per farm, $11,609.

5.

According to state assessment rolls, there is tillable
land in Oregon aggregating 23,500,000 acres, of which
more than 80^ or 19,450,000 acres is as yet unplowed.




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-2 -

6*

In central Oregon alone, with a total land area of
26,568,000 acres, the acreage cultivated is only
791,800 while that of tillable land uncultivated is
nearly 9,500,000 acres*
It will be observed that great
as are the agricultural resources of Oregon, these
resources are yet largely undeveloped.
Climate*
The small number of farms, however the large size of the
individual faim, and the enormous area of tillable
land yet unplowed, all indicate the great possibilities
that yet remain for the development of agriculture in
this s t a t e d
Por this development there are various
agencies working - the Or ekbn Development league, the
Portland Commercial Club, the State Bankers Association,
the State Agricultural College - all co-operating in an
effort to advance agriculture, and in general to
improve conditions in the ^pen country*

II.

0R1G0H AGrRICUXTURA1 COIIBGE




It is of the Oregon Agricultural College and Experiment
Station, however, that I am! invited to speak, and of
its work in this field* Pirst of all, it may be helpful
to indicate the position occupied by the College in the
higher educational field*

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




-3 -

The Oregon Agricultural College occupies a unique
position in the educational work of the Pacific North­
west. Two agricultural colleges on the Pacific Coast
for a territory reaching from the southern "boundary line
of California to the north boundary line of Washington a distance of 1675 miles; one at Berkeley, comprising
part of the California State University; and the Oregon
Agricultural College at Corvallis. Prom Berkeley on the
south to Corvallis, 691 miles: from Corvallis to the north
"boundary line of Washington State, 400 miles: from
Seattli to Washington State College (Pullman), 424 miles
"by rail*
Oregon Agricultural College comprises various courses
distinctive of land-grant college work: Agriculture,
engineering, household technology, forestry, commerce*
1.

Resources - College Plant buildings ------— —
—
Equipment, live stock and land —

$810,000.
771,000*
*1,581,000.

2.

Income 1913-14 VaJ Maintenance
— — -----$439,300*
( H Buildings, equipment
and improvements —
249^000*
$688,300*

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

•43*

C o l l e g e Com m unity
—
2643
(a) Faculty, experiment station, staff
and extension workers —
227
(b) Student Enrollment,
Total 1913-14 to date
Regular
1646
Short Course — — — ----770
2416
Geographical distribution: All counties in Oregon,
35 other states, 8 foreign countries represented*
373 students from other states and foreign
countries*
California, 100; Washington, 101;
Idaho, 29; New York, 13; Massachusetts, 6;
Illinois, 17; Kansas, 6; etc*
On the basis of state population, the number of
agricultural students in the OAC is nearly 5 times
that in Illinois;
times Indiana;
times
Michigan; and nearly twice Kansas. Total regis­
tration in all departments 4 times that of Illinois;
more than 4-J- times Indiana; 5 times Michigan; and
twicfli Kansas*

II*

THE ACTIVITIES 03? THE COIXEGE RUN ALONG THREE LINES




RESEARCH, REGULAR TEACHING, AND EXTENSION*

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

1*

Research Work
central station at Corvallis, annual income, $61,000*
Seven branch stations in as many counties,
40,500*
# 1 0 1 ,0 0 0 .

Humber engaged in experimental work,
including superintendents branch stations,
but excluding laborers ------------------- —
2•

55

Instructional Work - Resident

..Income

——---------- $270,000#
(This does not include appropriations
for new buildings, equipment, improvements,
library).

Uumber people engaged in resident instruc­
tional work, excluding administrative officers,
3.

III.

134

Extension Work
(a) Income Jan. 29, 1914 --------------- —$67 ,800.
(b) Extension workers,
(including 6 clerks and stenographers)
25

WHAT THE COLLEGE HAS BOHE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OP AGRICULTURE.
Experiment Station In general, fruit industry has besn greatly promoted
by the work of the College in improving varieties and




Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

**6-

methods of tillage, pruning, fertilization, pollenation,
irrigation and drainage, and by the discovery, of course, of
various diseases, and by working out the best methods of
controlling the same and of combating various insect pests.
Por example:
1.

Oregon Experiment Station first to discover cause of
apple tree anthracnose , which, according to the
horticultural experts, threatened the entire destruc­
tion of apple orchards in the humid regions of the
Pacific Northwest; also worked out a successful method
of preventing or controlling this disease.
Illustration; ‘ 1900, orchard of 35 acres Rogue River
Valley, produced a crop worth $1500;
1901. trees so
badly infected, fruit worthless; owner decided to take
out trees. Through advice State Horticultural Commiss­
ioner Carson, owner applied College specialists, and
placed orchard under their direction.
1902, crop sold
$6000; 1904, #15,000: 1906, #18,000;
during six years
orchard produced fruit worth $46,000. Method devised
has proven universally successful.

2*

Pirst to develop method of using lime-sulphur in place
of Bordeau mixture for controlling the apple scab.

3.

Peach fruit spot destroying peach orchards of the state.
Devised system of spraying, which almost completely
controls this disease*




Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

- 7 -

4.

Hew variety of strawberry has "been produced with as good
shipping and canning equalities, out-yields "best
varieties now used, three to one*
General use of
this variety alone would be worth one million dollars
annually to the state*

5.

Certain sections of the Pacific Northwest are espec­
ially adapted to the growth of various varieties of
sweet cherries*
Two great difficulties have been
encountered in the production of this fruit, - pollenation
and a disease known as Cherry Gumosis.
The first has
been entirely solved, and the cause of the latter has
been discovered by the College, and a method of con­
trolling the same is being worked out, and is already
largely successful.
It is estimated that work already
accomplished will make possible increase 100^ cherry
crop within two years*
(Crop 1913, $400,000*)

6*

Demonstrated that by irrigation in the Willamette Valley
the value of certain crops increased from 10^ to as
high as 130^*

7* The College has also greatly assisted in the development
of the fruit industry, by promoting the profitable use of
horticultural by-products, co-operative cannaries, fruit
juices, evaporation of fruits, determining best varieties of
beans and other vegetables for canning purposes*




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-8 -

Illustration: It has been shown that b y using less
fuel and simpler methods increase dried loganberries
about two pounds to the crate, which is equivalent to
about 50^, or from $100* to #200. per acre; reduced
time of drying from 32-40 hours down to 12-16 hours, and
reduced fuel to one-third. Also, that loganberry juice
can compete with grape juice, and is said to be a
superior product.
8.

Ten years ago dairy products, $3,750,000; 1913, $18,425,000*

9.

3?ive years ago poultry products, poultry and eggs,
valued at less than $4,000,000;
1913, $8,700,000*

10*

live years ago, through sections of ventral and eastern
Oregon, which had been devoted almost solely to
wheat farming, College began a campaign for diversified
production; emphasis placed upon alfalfa, field peas,
rape and corn for hog production* Demonstration trains
were run through that section of the state during each
of four years.
Increase in number of hogs produced in
1912 compared with 1907, QOfi - from 32,000 to 58,000*
Co-operation with railroad and Union Stock Yards.

11.

Ten years ago College began campaign for growing clover
in western Oregon* At that time practically no clover
produced in this section of the state. last year
clover seed amounted to 170,000 bushels, representing
value of $2,040,000*




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-912*

After six years breeding work, silage corn and grain
maturing corn have been produced.
Seed of these
varieties distributed throughout Oregon successfully
to elevations of 3500 feet. Yield silage variety
22 tons silage per acre; grain variety 70 bushels.

13*

Hew varieties winter and spring oats, wheat and barley
introduced for western Oregon, yielding upwards of ten
bushels higher than local varieties.

14.

Possibility of successfully growing alfalfa in the
Willamette Valley as soiling crop,has been fully
demonstrated. Scores of valley farmers now growing
this crop*

15.

Demonstrated possibility of reclaiming white lands by
proper drainage and a definite rotation system.

16.

It has been shown that field peas and alfalfa cultivated
in rows are more profitable crops for eastern Oregon dry
farming than is wheat. E x a m p l e : Wheat, average yield
20 bushels once two years; value $7.00 annually* Same
land produced 20 bushels field peas each year; value
$20* to $30* per acre. 100 pounds alfalfa seed per
acre every year; value $20* to $30* per acre, according
to price of seed*
At Moro Experiment Station, field
peas last year, 26 bushels, $46* per acre* Experiment
Station Burns, 29 bushels, feasibility of growing
these crops 4000 feet elevation in central Oregon,
demonstrated*




Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

- 10-

17.

Profitable rotations forage crops for hogs, cows and
sheep on both dry farming and irrigated land - alfalfa,
field peas, corn, etc., demonstrated. All new crops
on dry land - all but alfalfa on irrigated land in
Oregon*

18.

Value of certain tillage methods in conserving moisture
demonstrated.
Illustration: Over area appriximately
three million acres with 10-inch rain fall. Practice
is to plow land for summer fallow in June.
It has been
shown at the Moro Experiment Station that April
plowing gives an increase of six bushels of wheat per
acre*

19.

In central Oregon some two million acres of tillable
land, average elevation 4000 feet, and annual precipi­
tation 11 inches, most of which, until recently, has
been known as dessert land and used for grazing only*
Investigations indicate that the larger portion of this
area has an under-ground flow of water at an average of
over ten to fifteen fstet below the surface.
Three
years ago a branch Experiment Station was established
on a typical piece of this land. It has been demon­
strated that it is possible, b y the use of certain
moisture conserving tillage methods, to drive down the
surface moisture until it unites with the moisture
rising from the under-ground water, thus practically
transforming dry land into sub-irrigated land.




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-

11 -

Selected frost - drouth - resistent crop varieties
were then introduced. The yields obtained last year
at the Harney County Branch Experiment Station were
as follows: Winter wheat 48 bushels per acre; spring
wheat 33 bushels; oats 63; barley 48; alfalfa seed
120 pounds; flax seed 12 bushels; field peas 29 bushels co-operative work with farmers, etc. At Redmond, in
central Oregon, it has been shown that the maximum
crops can be produced on irrigated land with about
half the amount of irrigation water ordinarily used in
that region.
V.

The value of all that is accomplished in the directions
indicated is in proportion to the extent to which the
knowledge thus acquired, is utilized by the fruit growers
and farmers of the state. Pollowing are agencies;
1.

Collage resident work; grain agricultural specialists instructors in Colleges, positions in experimental
stations and in extension work, including country agents,
and to manage large fruit, dairy and other farms.

2.

College extention.
State law.
(a) Co-operation State Superintendent.
(b) College extension, itinerant schools - first six
months 10,680 people reached by institutes and
itinerant schools; judged 39 county and district
fairs.
Organization boys and girls clubs.
In
six months 20 bulletins published under 25,000
copies, 2% million pages.
State appropriation
#27,500.




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-

3*

VI*

12-

(c)

Demonstration farms.
County agents. Twelve
counties made appropriations; five agents employed.
County appropriations duplicated by the state were
issued annually, approximating $156,000*

(d)

Co-operation Pederal Government. Any appropriation
by Congress or by any Department of the Pederal
Government is automatically duplicated by state;
legislative assent not required*

College promote development agricultural education in
common schools during last six years*
Agricultural
course now in three county high schools, and thirteen
city schools*
Of these, seven have regular agricultural
courses in charge of specialists.
Industrial fairs:
Industrial work, including agriculture in common schools.

Puture prospects for farmers in Oregon*




of climate; diversity of farm crops*

Wonderful variety

I

Reproduced from the Unclassified Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

N A T I O N A L

Capital
and
Surplus

B A N K S

6 $ of
Capital
and
Surplus

5/12 and 6/15
Net

of
Deposits

Portland
Oregon

6, 775, 000*00
JTjlSSJ3&12S.
14, 046, 339.13

406, 500.00
4^6.280*35
842, 780.35

1 . 692, 527.59
i »S8j323*o.4
3, 231, 500.63

Seattle
Spokane
Tacoma
Washington

5, 560, 000*00
4, 175, 000*00
1 , 100, 000*00
6, 210, 010*00
17 , 045, 010*00

333. 600.60
250, 500.00
b6tooo.oo
372, 600*60
1 , 022, 701.20

1 , 980, 617.34
1 , 070, 308.08
409, 906*60
iiSguazsgz
5, 004, 229.84

Idaho

5, 048, 342.57

302, 900.55

990, 743.28

Montana

7»9®4.445*00

479, 066*70

1 . 877. 965.73

44, 124, 136.70

2, 647, 448.80

11,104,439.48

;i/f 3 .

Totals

STATE

Cap ita l
and
Surplus

BANKS

6 % Of
Capital
and
Surplus

5/12 and 6/I5

of
Net

Deposits

Oregon
October 21, 1913

11,780,090.99

706, 805.46

2, 177, 822.90

Washington
November

18,221,048.71

1 . 093, 262.92

3 . 478. 943.08

Idaho
October 21, 1913

4,627,118.52

277, 627.11

769,795.60

Montana
November

7,819,691.25

469, 181.48

1.563,735.93

42. 447. 949*47

2, 546, 876.97

7, 990, 290.51

Totals

NOTE:




26 , 1912

26 , 1912

Idaho banks only permitted to invest 5
stocks of other bankso

of Capital in

Washington bariks not permitted to own stocks in other banks*
Montana has private banks with to ta l resources in excess of
$9 , 000, 000. 00, not figuring in above calculations#

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

NAT I ORAL

Capital
and
S u r p lu s

BARKS.

5/12 and 6/15
of
Net Deposits

6 $ of
Capital
and

Portland
Oregon

6,775,000.00
.l t 2H j3 3 2 s }l
14,04b,339.13

406,500.00
g&aBOsS
842,780.35

1 . 692, 527*59
^.536.973.04
^,231,500.63

Seattle
Spokane
Tacoma
Washington

5.560.000.00
4.175.000000
1.100.000.00
6.210.010.00
17,045,010.00

333,600.60
250,500.00
66,000.00
372,600.60
1,022,701.20

1,980,617.34
1,070,308.08
409,906.60
i . 542i 397*62
5, 004, 229.84

Idaho

5.048,342.57

302,900.55

990,743.28

Montana

7.984,445.00

479,066.70

1.877,965.73

44,124,136.70

2,647,448.80

11, 104, 439.48

Totals

STATE

Cap ita l
and
Surplus

B 1I N K S

5/12 and 6/15
of
Net Deposits

6 $ of
Cap i tal
and
Surplus

Oregon
October 21, 1913

11,780,090.99

706,805.46

2,177,822.90

Washington
November 26, 1912

18,221,048.71

1,093,262.92

3,478,943.08

Idaho
October 21, 1913

4,627,118.52

277,627.11

769.795.60

Montana
November 26, 1912

7,819,691.25

469,181.48

1,563,728.93

42,447,949.47

2,546,876*97

7,990,290.51

Totals

NOTE: ‘




Idaho banks only permitted to invest 5 $
stocks of other banks•

Capital in

Washington "banks not permitted to own stocks in other banks#
Montana has prim te 'bonks with to ta l resources in excess of
§9,000,000.00, not figurine in aTsove calculations.




Exhibit No.
Hearing at

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

E v H f c it N o , 7 r \ . .
hi . .
a
H e a r in g s t
ERUIT ACREAGE NORTHWEST 1912.
Oregon
Washington
Idaho

, /

A
£

Apples
Other Fruits
Total Acres.
104,000
127,000
231,000
186,000
5$, 400
242,400
96 >000__________________ 31, 200_________ 127,200
386,000
214,600
600,000

Invested value Northwest acreage------------------- $267,000,000.
Acreage tributary to Portland:
Exclusive
Oregon
231,000
Washington
21,075
Idaho
69.450_________ ___
321,525

Competitive.

Total
231,000 acres
25,100
46,175
"
14.450________________ 83,900
"__
39,550
361.075

Portland's territory percentage of entire Northwest acreage,

60 per cent.

Value fruit products Oregon 1913-- ---------------------- $7,900,000.
"
"
" i n Portland territory 1913---------- — $10,000,000.
"
"
" entire Northwest 1913-------- ---- ---- $18, 000f000.
‘W

••

■

Percentage of orchards in commercial bearing 1913 - 20 per cent arofcagc.
Annual increase to bearing periods 20 per cent.
Apple production entire Northwest commercial carload shipments of 650
boxes each:
In 1909
3,500 cars
it
1910
10,000
n
1911
5,000
it
1912
15,000
it
1913
8,750
A k
* ""

Other fruits vary in shipping tonnage from G& t o
shipments according to season.
1914 Estimated
1915
"
1916
"
1917
H
1920
"

*

V V

of apple

25,000 cars
22,500
"
30,000
"
35,000
"
50,000
"

Other fruits will show continuous shipment increases, but rela­
tive increase in soft fruits and berries will be greater in dried, canned
and by-product form than in fresh state.
Estimated figures based on growing age of trees, new bearing
acreages and past production performances.
TJltimate commercial production based conservatively on 25 to 33 1/3 per
cent of total present planted area coming into full bearing.
Disposition of apple crop.
Approximately 10 per cent now exported to oversea markets;
to Canada,
25^ to Atlantic seaboard markets, balance to domestic markets throughout
Union.




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




Exhibit

N o.

$

)

!

average

____WI T H PORTLAND BANKS OF BANKS I N ------------

balances

)A I LY
SEATTLE
19.308.00
30,32 8.00
19, 4 8 5 .00
17.073.00
36,42 6.00
260,000.00
155,295.00
82, 7 3 0 .00
TOTALS




6 2 0 , 6 4 5 .0 0 *

SPOKANE
3, 8 2 5 .00
51.958.00
32.370.00
5,553.00
11, 9 6 3 . 0 0
8 1 ,0 0 0 .0 0

4 9 , 1 7 7 .00
33.310.00
2 6 9, i 5 6 .0 0

TACOMA
6,288.00
32.940.00
6,22 5.00
32.727.00
1 0 4 , 0 0 0 .00
115, 824.00
2 3, 4 4 2 .00
3 2 1 , 4 4 6 .0 0 *

RECAPITULATION
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
T ACOfvlA
TOTAL

6 2 0 , 6 4 5 .00
2 6 9 , 1 5 6 .00
3 2 1 ,4 4 6.00
1 . 2 1 1 , 2 4 7 .0 0

V
/>

r/j

0 r
■

Q

S tf/

/ f

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

■K i
T<}

(!)

UUMSER OF BA2TK' COHHESPOHIBHTS OF PORTLAND BANKS.

866

Oregon
W ashington
Ida^io
Montana

532
106
31

Total

(2 )

1 ,5 3 5

REMITTANCES FORWARDED.........1 9 1 3 . . . .BY P O R T L M D 'BANKS.
{ I n c l u d i n g cash l e t t e r s and c o l l e c t i o n s .)
-a-h-

Oregcp
WasViingt on

1 3 2 ,7 3 6 ,7 4 9 .9 4

Seattle
Spokane
WashBfclance of S ta te
-c■ -d-

Idaho
Montana

3 2 ,4 1 7 ,9 1 1 .0 8
17 , 7 3 1 , 1 2 2 . 4 4
4 6 , 6 9 8 . 0 4 9 .5 2
*
;

9 7 ,0 5 3 ,0 8 3 .0 4
8 ,6 4 1 ,4 6 3 .7 9
3 > 2 9 8 ,2 ,1 2 .3 4

T o t fjl............. 2 4 1 ,7 2 9 , 5 0 9 . 1 1

(3 )

HSCillVSD V,-- 1913 . . . .BY PORTLAND BANKS.
(I n d u c t i n g c a sh l e t t e r s and c o l l e c t i o n s .)

REMITTANCES

2 6 0 ,8 7 8 ,4 6 2 .1 0
♦Tm *-..

W a s h in g to n

S e a ttle
Spokane
W a s h .B a la n c e
-c-d-

Idiaho
Montana




4 3 ,2 6 3 ,2 1 6 .8 3
25*, 7 4 2 ,5 0 3 . 1 6
of Sta te 8 1 , 0 9 2 . 2 9 7 . 8 5
’ ~

^ 5 0 ,0 9 8 ,0 1 7 .8 4
1 5 ,5 4 6 ,4 0 1 .0 7
; 5 .7 3 3 ,1 7 7 .1 3

T o t a l . . . . . . .4 j 3 2 ,2 5 6 ,0 5 8 .1 4

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

«k

r

1. Name of bank }
V

2.

Location ?
State of_

County of_

City of__

3. Capital and Surplus (not including undivided profits)

4. With which city, Portland, Seattle or Spokane, do you have the largest amount of banking business ?

5.

In which city do you carry the largest balance ?

6.

What was the amount (in dollars) of the drafts drawn by you in 1913 on
(a) Portland
(b) Seattle
(c) Spokane

$—------------ $ _______
$_________

7,

Upon which of the above mentioned cities do you chiefly depend for exchange transfers ?

8.

Upon which of the above mentioned cities do you chiefly depend upon for coin shipments?

9.

Please {indicate your first, second and third choice of the above mentioned cities for a Federal reserve
bank.

10. Do yot intend to subscribe for stock in a Federal reserve bank ?




i wiiBfcma

w w B aaanH Bi

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

N 9 1553.

A L. MILLS, President.
H.L.CORBETT,Vice President.
J .W. NEWKIRK,Cashier.
B.F. STEVENS, Assisrant Cashier
D.W. ROSS, Assistanl- Cashier,
A.O. JONES, Assisranr Cashier.
E.R. COR B.ETT, Ass isrant- Cashier.

O F P O R T L A N D , O R E O O S r*

F e b r u a r y 1 ? , 1914

/




Mr. M. C. E l l i o t t ,
S e c r e t a r y , R e s e r v e Bank O r g a n i z a t i o n C o m r a i t t e e ,
T reasury D epartm ent,
W a s h i n g t o n , D* C
D ear S i r :
H erew ith en clo sed p le a s e f i n d
d a t a a s k e d f o r “by t h e S e c r e t a r y o f t h e T r e a s u r y a t t h e
h e a r i n g h e l a i n P o r t l a n d on J a n u a r y 3 0 t h , t o - w i t :
FIRST:

D r a f t s drawn i n t h e y e a r 1913 hy P o r t l a n d
h a n k s on o t h e r c i t i e s

SECOND: A v e rage d a i l y b a l a n c e s k e p t i n P o r t l a n d h a n k 8
hy h a n k s l o c a t e d i n S e a t t l e , S pokane and
Tacoma, f o r t h e y e a r 1909 t o 1913 i n c l u s i v e
The S e c r e t a r y o f t h e T r e a s u r y
q l'i o a s k e d t h e P o r t l a n d C l e a r i n g House t o g i v e him a
d e f i n i t i o n o f COMMERCIAL PAPER, and a l s o t h e o p i n i o n o f
t h e C l e a r i n g House i n r e g a r d t o w h a t , i f a n y , C l e a r i n g
House f u n c t i o n s s h o u l d h e d e l e g a t e d t o t h e F e d e r a l R e s e r v e
Bank.

R e p l i e s t o t h e s e two l a t t e r q u e r i e s w i l l he

f o r w a r d e d w i t h i n a few days*

E nclosures:

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmrnmim mmmmmi'
Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




February 2 5 , 1914,

Sir*
By d i r e c ti o n of the Cfcainoan I beg to
octaiowlodg®, vi fcJh thanks, tlio rocei t of your
l o t t o r of February 17th, inclosing th© ad d itio n ­
a l deita &sked f o r a t th© hearing o f th© Organi­
s a tio n Oooaitteo in r'ortland,
Beopec t f u l l y ,

Socretary*

Besorve BazsJ' Orssziiaation Gomiittoe*

Er» A* Zi« nilob , : rosident,

F i r s t LTational Bazik,
Portland, Grecos*

AVERAGE D A I L Y BALANCES KEPT IN PORTLAND BANKS BY BANKS LOCATED IN

19 12

t909

1910

1911

SEATTLE WASH

6 2 0 ,7 8 0.4 9

5 3 8 , 5 8 0 .3 3

5 4 5 ,2 9 9.3 2

6 6 2 ,0 8 0.4 1

5 7 3, 2 4 4. 3 3

SPOKANE WASH

3 1 9 ,1 5 2 .0 4

2 7 9 ,8 9 8.0 1

3 1 9 ,6 9 1 8 8

3 0 7 ,9 9 6.5 9

2 2 0,7 4 7 .2 0

TACOMA

2 6 2,5 0 2 .0 0

2 6 9 ,5 3 8.0 0

2 3 7 ,6 8 9 . 0 0

2 9 7 ,5 7 1.0 0

3 1 5,1 91 0 0

WASH




1 ,2 0 2,4 3 4 .5 3 ^ 1 , 0 8 8 . 0 1 6.3 4 *

1, 1 0 2 ,6 8 0.2 0 * 1 , 2 6 7 ,6 4 8.0 0 *

RECAP 11 ULATI ON
SEATTLE

2 ,9 3 9 ,9 8 4 . 8 8

SPOKANE

1, 4 4 7, 4 8 5.7 2

TACOMA

1 ,3 8 2 ,4 9 1.0 0
TOTAL

YEARLY AVERAGE

5,7 6 9 ,9 6 1.6 0
1 ,1 5 3,9 9 2.3 3

*

1913

1 , 1 0 9 ,1 8 2.5 3 *

DRAFTS INCLUDING TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFERS DRAWN IN THE. YEAR 1913 BY PORTLAND OREGON BANK! UPON




X 0 0,7 5 1, 7 4 3 . 4 5

NEW YORK
SAN FRANCISCO

5 8, 6 0 9 , 1 3 5. 9 2

CHICAGO

4 1,3 2 2 ,9 0 9 .4 0

ST PAUL

5 , 9 7 5 ,2 0 6 .5 7

ST LOUIS

4, 3 4 1, 3 0 8. 7 8

PHI LA

4 , 1 9 3 , 7 0 2. 7-7

OMAHA

3 .5 9 1 , 3 4 2.9 2

BOSTON

3 , 1 7 7 2 1 2 .6 9

SALT LAKE

2 ,2 2 ^ 4 .3 1 5 0

MINNEAPOLIS

2 . 0 0 5, 8 0 0. 0 0

KANSAS CITY

1 , 2 9 7 , 9 . 4 9. 6 4

LOS ANGELES

1 . 0 6 4j 2 9 3. 2 3

OTHER C I T I E S

5.6 8 6 , 2 9 2 .5 5
TOTAL

2 4 5 , 2 4 ^ 4 5 9 . 5 2*

E xh ibit No.

GL-t TAOjUU

H earing at

I Du,
ORFGON
L E T T ER S
L E T T ER S

WASHINGTON

235

SENT OUT
R E P L I E D TO

IDAHO

139
?15

209

TOTALS

MONTANA

960

193

193
1?0

119

663

OUTSTANDI NG

------- WI TH WHI CH C I T Y PORTLAND S F A T T L F OR SPOKANF DO YOU HAVE THE LARGEST
A M O U N T OF BANKI NG BUS I NES S

8UFSTI0N -4-

QREGON
& > fx

PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
T OTAL

WASHINGTON

/A ?

;

7 , 4 3 6 , 0 9 7 . 1 , 8 Vr

- 5 --------------

IN

WHI CH

CITY

DO YOU

OREGON

CARRY

THE

LARGEST

WASHINGTON
3a/

PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

\ 2, 6 1 5 , 3 1 5 .3 3

TOT AL
PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

Zt>f
///
/-v c

•ip*

---------

PORTl AND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

MONTANA

ft

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS
i p. 8 4 -r, 5 5 n 3 3
n 7 3 3. 2 3 5 ..00 ft
^ 6 6 ? 2 0 4 .1 i ft

C IT IF S

WASHINGTON

1 2, 51 3, 3 1 5 .3 3

33

DO YOU

DAHO

DEPEND

FOR

MONTANA

€*

-

CHIFFLY

3, 4 3 7, 7 5 0 .00 2, 4 2 3, 8 9 3 .00
^ 6, 3 7 8 , 8 6 0 . 0 0 ^
3, 0 3 7, 6 3 9 .11 1, 8 7 ^ 2 1 0 .0 0

^
1, 5 8 0 , 0 0 0 .00
9 2 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS

total

PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

DAHO
zj

U P 0 M WHI CH OF THE ABOVE M E N T I O N E D
EXCHANGE T R A N S FE R S

2 *7

BALANCE

3, 2 9 2 , 6 0 0 .00 2, 2 1 3 , 6 4 3 .00 "
7 2 0 , 0 0 0 .OQ
J 6, 8 1 3 , 2 3 5 .
0
0
^
1
,
9 2 0, 0 0 0 .00
7 7 2, 8 0 9 , 5 1 4 .11 1, 9 2 2 , 7 1 0 .00 ^ 1 , 9 3 6 , 0 0 0 .00

OREGON

1 p 3 7 A. o 5 q ^ 3 #

^

7, 9 5 p 8 6 0 .0 Q -//-

/j^ 5 “

. QUESTI ON - 8 -------------

R 3 o t p /_ 9

1 i -//•

UPON WHI CH OF THE ABOVF MENTI ONED C I T I F S DO YOU C H I E F L Y DEPEND FOR
COI N SHI PME NTS
ORFGON

PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

WASHINGTON

Sff 1 2, 3 4 5, 2 2 4 .4 7

J/

IDAHO
^

MONTANA
<

2 , 9 6 8 , 2 5 0 . 0 0 1 , 4 2 4 , 6 4 3 .00
0 2 9, 3 6 0 .00^-- -— >
^ 3, 3 3 0, 3 2 0 .00 1, 71 5, 8 1 0 .00

TOTAL
PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

y 5 6 7, 5 0 0 .00
y/ 7 7 9. 0 0 0 .00

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS

Xstz
fZ
/ i l */

. QUESTION

- 9 -------------

1 (Z ? 3 P i 1 7 .4 7
< 5 9'-. 0 6 0 . 0 0 ~fh
1 3

r-r

YOUR

FIRST

Q ,o q

7/-

CHOI CE

OF

OREGON

THE

ABOVE M E N T I O N E D

WASHINGTON

DAHO
v r

C IT |F S

FOR

A FFDFRAL

R FSFRVE

MONTANA
/£>

gef 1 2, 608. 3 1 5 .3 3 ‘r/l, 9 6 t\ 2 0 0 .00 3, 5 5 2 , 1 5 3 .00
6 2 4 , 0 0 0 .00
^ 7 , 737, 6 1 0 . 0 0 ^
'*1, 0 6 3 , 8 0 0 .00
^ 2 , 504, 1 3 9 .11 % 9 4 3 , 7 5 4 .07 ^ 2 , 5 5 * 5 0 0 .00

PORTl AND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
TOTAL
PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

C A P I T A L & SURPILUS
3 pm
/&£.

/r r

I P , 7 4 9 6 6 0 3 4 ft
0. 8 0 1. 4 1 0 . 0 0 ft
7, 0 0 6, 3 9 3 . 1 8 *

QUESTI ON - 1 0 ------------- DO YOU I NTEND TO S UBSCRI BE FOR STOCK




MONTANA

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS

SPOKAN E

QUESTION

I DAHO

2, 6 6 8 , 3 1 5 .3 3 ^ ,3 ,0 3 0 , 1 0 0 -00 3 9 3 3 1 5 9 0 8
1, 0 31, 6 6 6 .00
1 7, 3 2 7 ,0 6 8 .00
’
'
^ 3 ,1 0 8 ,6 6 6 .0 0
2 , 4 8 8 4 7 .11 2, 3 7 6 , 0 8 4 .0 7
2, 5 74, 1 6 6 .00

2f7 g 0, 0 1 3, 2 4 0 .4 i ft
1 o, 4 3 * 7 3 4- .0 0 ft

PORTLAND
S E ATT LE
QUESTION

297

OREGON

WASHINGTON
<5*

YES

N0 _
UNDECI DED

DAHO
w

MONTANA
3 JP

9 . 0 8 6 , 4 9 4 . 5 3 ^*9,12 6, 66 0 .00 3, 7 3^, 1 4 7 .0 7 * 4, 7 86 , 5 0 0 .00
2, 0 6 5, 1 7 0 .8 0 ^ 1, 6 56, 3 5 9 -OO^J 7 9 7, 6 8 0 .00
1, 8 72, 9 0 0 .00
1, 5 1 ^ 6 5 0 .0 0 ^ 2 , 1 8 3; 2 3 0 .00 1, 7 8 7 , 6 3 3 .08 ^ '2 , 6 6 8 , 0 0 0 .00

TOTAL

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS

YES

2 6. 7 3 4, 8 0 ! 6 0 ft
6, 3 9 3, 1 0 9 .8 0
p 1 5 ^ 5 1 3 .08 ^

UNDECI DED

IN A FEDERAL RESERVE BANK

BANK

STATE 8ANKS TRUST COMPANIES AND PRIVATE BANKERS

QUESTION

- 4 -------------- W I T H WHI CH C I T Y PORTLAND S E A T T L E OR SPOKANE DO YOU HAVE THE
AMOUNT OF BANKI NG B U S I N E S S

OREGON

PORT' AND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

^

T OTAL
PORT I AND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

CAPITAL
/ / 7
8,
5, 1 4 6, 6
4 , 4 3 3^

QUESTI ON - 5 -------------

WASHINGTON

5, 4 6 2, 2 SO .80

IDAHO

LARGEST

MONTANA

1 ,1 1 6 , 1 0 0 . 0 0 1 , 0 3 5 . 2 6 6 . 0 8
4 8 1 ,6 6 6 .0 0
^ 3 ,9 9 3 ,9 9 3 .0 0 ..
^ 1 ,1 5 2 ,6 6 6 .0 0
s/ l , 6 5 0 , 1 7 3 . 1 1 r±, 2 4 8 , 8 3 0 .00-^1, 5 3 4, 6 6 6 .00

& SURPI US '
0 9 7, 2 5 2 . 8
5 9 .00 *
j
66 8 . 1 1 *

IN WHI CH C I T Y DO YOU CARRY THE LARGEST BALANCE
OREGON

/JJ

PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

5 40 9 2 2 0 .8 0 * ^ 36 0 ,6 0 0 .0 0
’
’
" 3 ,5 3 3 , 1 6 0 .00
^ i , 8 8 8 , 8 3 9 .11

T OTAL

IDAHO

MONTANA

"550,500.00

y 1 2 0 , 0 0 0 .00

^ 70 7 ,5 0 0 .0 0
9 0 1 , 5 6 0 . 0 0 7*1 , 0 3 6 , 0 0 0 .0 0

^

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS
7 ,4 4 0 ,3 2 0 .8 0 *
\

/ L7

PORI LAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

WASHINGTON

4 ,2 9 2 ,6 6 0 .0 0 *
,
3 ,8 2 6 ,3 9 9 .1 1 *

QUESTI ON - 7 -------------

UPON WHI CH OF THE ABOVE- MENTI ONED C I T I E S DO YOU C H I E F L Y DEPEND FOR
EXCHANGE TRANSFERS

ORFGON
JJx.

PORTLAND
SEATTLF
SPOKANE

TOTAL

WASHINGTON

DAHO

//-

5, 3 0 7 , 2 2 0 . 8 0 " 1 * 3 2 3 , 2 5 0 . 0 0
^ 3 ,2 9 6 ,4 1 0 .0 0
^ 2 ,1 5 3 ,8 3 9 .1 1

/J

MONTANA

6 3 *5, 5 0 0 . 0 0

^"9 7 9,06 0.00

^ 9 6 7 ,5 0 0 .0 0
7 29 5,0 00.00

C A P I T A * & SURPLUS
7 ,2 6 5 .9 7 0 .8 0 *
7%
4, 2 6 3, 9 1 0 . 0 0 *
;
/ * £ > ; 3, 4 2 7, 8 9 9 .1 1 *

m

PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE
QUESTI ON - 8 -

—

UPON WHI CH OF THE ABOVE MENTI ONED C I T I E S DO YOU C H I E F L Y DEPEND FOR
COI N SHI PMENTS
OREGON
WASHINGTON
5, 1 3 9 , 1 2 9 .9 4 ^ 1 , 2 0 5 , 7 5 0 . 0 0
‘
<*' 3, 0 5 9, 9 1 0 . 0 0
^ 2 , 1 2 7, 0 2 0 .0 0

PORTLAND
SEATTLE,
S PO K AN E

TOTAL
PORTLAND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS
t ro 6. 4 9 7, 8 7 9 .9 4 *
6 J 3, 3 2 7 , 4 1 0 . 0 0 *
/? 3 ,1 7 5 ,6 8 0 .0 0 *

QUESTI ON - 9 ----------------

YOUR F I R S T

^

I DAHO
15 3 ,0 0 0 .0 0

MONTANA
^ 2 6 7,5 0 0 .0 0
6 0 TT70 0

8 1 0; W & V ~X K T

,

CHOI CE OF THE ABOVE MENTI ONED C l t F I E S

FOR A FEDERAL RESERVE

BANK

'**

PORT I AND
SEATTLE
SPOKANE

T OT AL
PORTLAND
SEATTLE
S POK AN E

OREGON
WASHINGTON
I DAHO
MONTANA
5 ,4 0 2 ,2 2 0 .8 0 ^
7 0 2, 7 0 0 . 0 0 * * 1 , 2 8 4 , 7 6 0 . 0 0 ? 3 2 4 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
8 7 4, 4 1 0 . 0 0
^ 9 4 5 ,3 0 0 .0 0
^ 7 l , 8 1 7 , 8 3 9 . 1 1 ^ 1 , 0 6 9 , 0 0 0 . 0 0 J/ 1 , 2 7 0 , 0 0 0 . 0 0

C A P I T A L & SURPLUS
^

7 7 1 3,6 8 0 .8 0 *
* 4 8 1 9,7 10 .0 0 *
4, 1 5 6 , 8 3 9 . 1 1 *

'

J

QUESTI ON - 1 0 ------------- DO YOU I NTEND TO SUBSCRI BE FOR STOCK I N




,

YES
NO

OREGON

WASHINGTON

IDAHO

A FEDERAL RESERVE BANK

,

MONTANA

3/ 1, 9 5 0, 4 0 0 . 0 0 ^ 3 , 0 4 5, 9 1 0 . 0 0 /c> 4 1 4 , 5 0 0 . 0 0 ' ^ 8 3 1 , 5 0 0 . 0 0
*7 2 , 0 6 5 , 1 7 0 . 8 0 ^ 1 , 6 5 6 , 3 5 9 . 0 0 * ^ 7 9 7 , 6 8 0 . 0 0 - ^ 1 , 5 5 0 , 4 0 0 . 0 0
jY
1, 4 4 6 , 6 5 0 . 0 0 ^ 2 , 1 8 3 , 2 3 0 .0 0 ^ /1 , 5 7 1 , 1 S 3 . 0 8 ^ 2 , 5 9 3 , 0 0 0 . 0 0
i, i t

TOTAL
YES
f7
NO
'ff
UNDECI DED ' 6 ?

C AP I T A! &SURPI US
6, 2 4 2 , 3 1 0 , 0 0 *
6. 0 6 9 , 6 0 9 - 8 0 *
7,794,0 1 3 .08*

1

55

.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




Exhibit No.
•mg

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

6 , G. SARGENT,

Exhibit No.
H earing at
S tate H a n k i n g D e p a r t m e n t

WI L L W R I G H T
SUPERINTENDENT OF BANKS

OF O R E G O N

S AL EM

FIGURES FOR STATE BAMS IN ROUND NUMBERS AS SHOW BY

J

STATEMENTS OF OCTOBER ®j}ST. 1913.

Number of banks under S ta te S u p ervision T otal C ap ital and Surplus R e-discounts B i l l s Payable
D eposits

-

-

-

- $

Commercial
Time & Savings P o sta l Savings Banks - -

T otal Resources

-

-

-

-

170.

-

-

70,0 0 0 .
20 2 ,0 0 0 .

$ 1 1 ,7 8 0 ,0 0 0 .
-

3 4 ,9 8 0 ,0 0 0 .
2 0 ,5 8 0 .0 0 0 .
7 S !,0 0 0 .
3 .8 3 3 ,0 0 0 . -

-

-

-

$

-

272.000.

$ 6 0 ,1 5 0 ,0 0 0 .

■ -

$ 7 4 ,0 8 6 ,0 0 0 .

In rep ly to a l e t t e r from the Department req u estin g an
exp ression on the new Federal Reserve System, , they rep lie d




as fo llo w s;
-

C apital
& Surplus
$- 916,000.

77 - Are c o n sid erin g , but undecided a t present

$ 6 ,4 8 6 ,0 0 0 .

60 - Do not expect to jo in

$ 3 ,1 4 1 ,0 0 0 ,

12 - S ig n ifie d in te n tio n of jo in in g a t once

21 - Have not r e o lie d

-

-

-

-

-

-

$ 1 ,2 3 7 ,0 0 0 .

Of the 170 S ta te banks, 100 have the n ecessary c a p ita l to en­
t i t l e them to membership.

ij-

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




Exhibit No*
Hearing

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




10 ?

S T A T E M E N T
of
J O B B I N G

C O N D I T I O N S
in the

P A C I F I C

N O R T H W E S T

Submitted by
Jay Smith, Manager,
Marsliall-Y/ells Hardware Co.
Portland, Oregon.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

In p r e s e n t in g fo r your c o n s id e r a t io n P o r t l a n d 's
to pre-eminence as a jo b b in g center i n the P a c i f i c
w is h to say th at t h is q u e s tio n was g iv e n a g rea t
thought on the p a r t

of our own company,

ware Company o f D u lu th ,

c la im

N o rthw est,

deal of ea rn est

the M arshall- W ells H ard­

M in n .

Some t e n or tw elve ye ars ago we d e c id e d to lo c a te
b ra n ch e s ta b lis h m e n t

I

to serve

the P a c i f i c

a

Northwest and a s we

e x p ected to make a la r g e investm ent and. w ish ed to b u i l d for the
future,

our problem was quite

now c o n s id e r in g ,

if

it

or a branch o f one,
of two c i t i e s ,
in t e r e s t s

s im ila r to the one that you are

is deemed wise

i n the P a c i f i c

S e a t t le

or P o r t la n d ,

to lo c a te a r e g io n a l bank,

Northwest and t h a t

is,

is b e st s it u a t e d to

o f the g r e a te s t number o f people now,

w hich

serve the

and more p a r t i c u ­

l a r l y in the f u t u r e .
At the time that we were c o n s id e r in g our problem a l l
s u rfa ce

i n d ic a t io n s p o in te d s t r o n g ly to S e a t t l e .

r e fe r e n c e
Seattle

N ea rly every

to the P a c i f i c Northwest was coupled w ith the name o f

or Puget Sound,

made to P o r t l a n d .

and but l i t t l e ,

i f any,

r e fe re n c e was

Many o f our fr ie n d s urged S e a t t le as the only

p la c e fo r us to l o c a t e .
A c a r e fu l
for t r a n s p o r t a t io n ,
fo r fu tu re

study of g e o g r a p h ic a l l o c a t i o n s ,
te rrito rie s

facilities

to be reached and p o s s i b i l i t i e s

development caused us to s e le c t P o r t l a n d .

The rem ark­

a b le development of our b u s in e s s and the manner i n which P o r t la n d
has fo rg ed to the fr o n t

in the l a s t e ig h t y e a r s ,

j u s t i f i e d our s e l e c t i o n and P o r t l a n d 's




has more than

career has on ly ju s t b egun .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

2

-

-

A jobbing point is determined by two things; its means
of transportation for reaching the greatest amount of territory,
and the resources of the territory thus to be reached.

The Col­

umbia River, as you no doubt know, is the only navigable water
way through the Cascade Mountains,

The completion by the govern­

ment of the Celilo Canal, which is promised by about January 1st,
will afford us unobstructed river transportation to lewiston,
Idaho^on the Snake Biver and to Priest Rapids on the upper Col­
umbia, giving us freight rates that w ill largely increase Port­
l a n d ^ distributive territory.
Leaving out any question of future development in this
respect, let us consider the territories as defined by the pre­
sent railroad rates.

In order to arrive at an intelligent idea

of the comparative value of the two territories, state lines
must be forgotten.

Portland on the border line between the two

states, has all of Oregon on one side and about one fourth of
Washington on the other, as its immediate territory where freight
are equal or
ratesAfavor it as against any other jobbing point.
The state
of Washington might be divided into three natural jobbing terri­
tories,

The Spokane territory, which includes northern Idaho,

takes in that part of Washington north of the Snake River and
east of the Columbia River.

It is now equally accessible to

Portland and Seattle but upon completion of the Celilo Canal it
can be more economically reached from Portland,
comparisons I am eliminating it from both.
Sound divide the rest of the state.

for present

Portland and Puget

The Puget Sound territory

is split up between Seattle, Tacoma, and in our line, Everett
and Bellingham.



Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

.-3 I desire to make comparisons in two ways; one, be­
tween Portland and Seattle, giving to each only the territory
in which their present freight rates are at least as favorable
as those from the nearest competing jobbing point; second,
favoring Seattle by dividing the territory between Portland

'

and Seattle according to freight rates, ignoring the other
Puget Sound jobbing points and giving Seattle the benefit of
nearly all that territory.
My figures are taken from the United States census
of 1910, and from estimates furnished by the United States
Forestry Service, which make the following showing in these
territories as regards to population, agricultural products
and the lumber industry.
Population.
Seattle in its own territory—
Portland ” "
"
"
-Seattle including the terri­
tories of Everett,Bellingham
and Tacoma to the point where
it meets Portland--------Portland until she meets
Seattle rates---- ----- --

485,688 people
906,352 M

856,076

!T

964,817

TT

Agricultural Products.
One of the greatest resources that any city, and
particularly a jobbing c i t y ,‘can have is a fine agricultural
territory.

The last census gives the total agricultural prod­

ucts for 1909 in these territories as follows:




Seattle in its own territory— $2 1 ,1 8 9 ,1 7 0 .0 0
Portland " "
"
11
— 105,146,412«00
Seattle including the terri­
tories of Everett, Bellingham
and Tacoma to the point where
it meets Portland-------- * 4 6 ,2 5 1 ,5 4 7 .0 0
Portland---------------- 107,474,415.00

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

- 4 -

Lumber.
The great manufactured product of this Northwest is
lumber and the lumber business is largely responsible for the
position that Seattle occupies today.

Washington for a number

of years has ranked first in the United. States as a lumber
producing state.
Oregon while possessing more standing timber, has been
developed more slowly and at present occupies fourth position
among the states in lumber manufacture.
Estimates from the Forestry Service, for the year 1913,
show that the counties in Washington to which Seattle has freight
rates equal to or better than Portland, logged 4 ,3 6 6 ,6 0 9 ,0 0 0 feet
board measure.
The counties where Portland has an equal or greater ad­
vantage in freight rates together with the state of Oregon, logged
3 ,8 2 2 ,6 8 7 ,0 0 0 feet.
This shows how Portl&nd is coming to the front as a
lumber center and when you consider its enormous advantage in
standing timber, to which I will refer later, its supremacy as a
lumber market is assured.

This diversity of resources, its in­

land water ways and its accessibility to the ocean we believe
makes Portland the logical jobbing center of the Northwest.
Taking a broader view of territory than the one circum­
scribed by preferential freight rates, Portland jobbers distribute
many clommodities through California, Alaska, southern Idaho, all
throu^i the Puget Sound territory, through Spokane and northern
Idaho and into Montana*
In our own case 30$ of our travelers cover the state
of ^asihington outside of the Spokane territory; about 60fo cover




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

- 5 -

Oregon, reaching into Idaho, and 10$ are in California and Alaska*
The volume of our "business is divided in about the same proportion.
A comparison of the number of jobbing houses in the prin­
cipal merchandising lines shows, Seattle
Grocery---- ---Hardware finclud­
ing I t . & hvy.
hdwe. ) -------Harness 80 SaddlesDrugs--------Dry Goods-----Paints & Oils--Shoes--------Implements-----

Portland

5

6

7
1
1
1
7
2
2

10
5
3
1
8
5
18

The United States Steel Products Company (the selling
company on the Coast for the United States Steel Corporation),
the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, the International Harvester
Company and the American Can Company all make Portland their
distributive headquarters for the Northwest.

M. Seller & Com­

pany, probably the largest distributers of tinware, enamelware,
crockery and glassware in the Northwest, with houses at Portland
Seattle and Spokane, finance and control all their operations
from Portland, the Portland house being the parent house.
I f a regional bank,or a branch,is to be established in
,the Northwest, it is not for today nor tomorrow only but, we hope,
for many years to come.

Hence the future of these territories is

fully as important as is their present condition.
I

have shown the great preponderance of agricultural

products in favor of Portland but these figures do not tell the
whole jstory.

Our friends, the railroads, have done much more

for Washington than for Oregon but much is promised for Oregon




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-

6

-

when returning confidence in railroad securities permits them to
raise money for development work.

This is necessary to open up

the great areas available for irrigation.
The 1910 census, volume 5, page 846, shows the acreage
irrigated in 1909,Washington------Oregon------- 1--

334,378 acres
686,129 "

Acreage included in projects not completed,~
Washington------817,032 acres
Oregon---------- 2,527,208 "
What will be the relative value of agricultural prod­
ucts when these projects are completed?
The same census, page 74, shows the percentage of farm
land improved, or rather the percentage of the land in farms that
is improved, Washington----- — 54-4/10$
Oregon---------- 36-6/10$
Increased transportation facilities would bring our per­
centage up while the preponderance of our agricultural products
would be still greater.
Perhaps the most remarkable resource of this Northwest
is its lumber.

Figures submitted by the United States Forestry

Service Jan. 14, 1914, estimate the standing timber in,Seattle's own territory as outlined above-- 105,775,791,000
Portland’ s own territory--------------- 607,551,129,000
Seattle including the territories of Everett,
Bellingham and most of Tacoma---- --- 210,915,199,000'
Portland--------------------------- 632,589,790,000
The converting of this timber into lumber will call for
the building of many miles of railroad and the employment of thou­
sands of people.




We have the agricultural products, the stock and

ft .
”
"
"

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

- 7 the f i s h w it h w hich to feed them.
us a n a b id in g f a i t h

in

in g cen ter and in i t s

the

These are the t h in g s that give

importance of P o r t la n d as a d i s t r i b u t ­

future gro w th.

A tt a c h e d f i n d t a b le s of s t a t i s t i c s

in d e t a i l .

vpr

As another

in s ta n c e

of how those in the

jo b b in g b u s i ­

n e s s lo o k upon the r e l a t i v e value o f P o r t la n d and S e a t t l e ,
might m ention the P a c i f i c

Hardware & S t e e l Company,

I

whose head

q u a rters are a t San F r a n c is c o and who p ro b a b ly d is t r i b u t e more
hardware on the Coast than any other one h o u s e .

Some two or

three ye ars ago they d e c id e d to lo c a t e a jo b b in g p la n t
N o rth w est;

in the

they a lr e a d y had warehouses at b oth P o r t la n d and

S e a t t l e and had covered the e n t ir e Northwest fo r ye ars from
t h e i r San F r a n c isc o h o u s e ;
c a l p la c e

they s e l e c t e d P o rt la n d as the l o g i ­

fo r the N o rthw estern b ra n c h ,

put in a complete

here and c lo s e d t h e i r S e a t t le w a reh o u se.
how ever,

is only f a i r

to si

th at they are now opening the S e a t t le warehouse a g a in

fo r the d i s t r i b u t i o n

of heavy goods but at P o rtla n d th ey carry

a complete g e n e r a l s t o c k .




It

stock

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

1

Population compared between Portland and Seattle, in
territories where no freight equalization is required.

2

Population divided between Portland and Seattle,with­
out regard to freight equalizations with other points.

3

Agricultural Products compared between Portland and
Seattle in territories where no freight equalization is
required.

4

Agricultural Products divided between Portland and Seattle
without regard to freight equalization with other points.

5

Recapitulation of Agricultural .Products.

6

Timber Out of Portland and Seattle territories, 1913.

7

Comparison of number of Jobbing Houses in principal lines.

8

Standing timber compared between Portland and Seattle, in
territories where no freight equalization is required.

9

Standing timber divided between Portland and Seattle, with
out regard to freight equalizations with other points.

10 Table showing meeting point of railroad rates.




Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

POPULATION OF TERRITORY WHERE

PORTLAND
JOBBERS

'j

SEATTLE
JOBBERS

have distributive rates as low or lower fKan the
nearest competing jobbers at Portland, Seattle,
Spokane, Tacoma, Everett or Bellingham.
'"Alaska, ( S .E .&
Upper Yukon )
Washington,
Chehalis
Pacific
Wahkiakum
Cowlitz
Clarke
Skamania
Klickitat
Benton (-J-)
Walla Walla
Columbia
Garfield
Idaho,
Washington
Canyon
State of Oregon

Total

fU. S. Census, 1910)
! Alaska
42904
Washington.
King
Kitsap
35590
Island
12532,
Clallam
3285
Jefferson
12561
Ohehalis
26115
Pacific (§)
2887
Benton (4T
10180
J Walla Walla
3969
Columbia
31931
■Garfield
7042
4199

284638
17647
4704
6755
8337
35590
9399
3969
31931
7042
4199

11101
25323
672765

* 902384

!
■
! Total

Abstract of Census,1910
(Pages 35-46-51 and 52)

*Alaska Eliminated from Portland:Portland:
859480
Seattle :
478567



64356

478567

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

P O P U L A T I O N
of Territory tributary to:
SEATTLE

‘ORTLAHD

to which rates are equal or lower
from Portland than
li
from Seattle than
from Seattle
|
from Portland
♦Alaska (S. S. &
Upper Yukon)
V/asliing'ton
Chehalis Cty.
Pacific County
Lewis County
Wahkiakum Cty.
Cowlitz County
Clarke County
Skamania Cty.
Klickitat Cty.
Benton (-j* of
Benton plus
Kennewick)
Walla-Walla
Columbia Cty.
Garfield Cty.
Idaho

Canyon County
Washington Cty.
Oregon

State of Oregon

P o p u la t io n
)
t r i b u t a r y to •*
P o r t la n d
)

(U. S. Census, 1910)
.... ...... .. —......"?i Alaska
42904 '
Wasliinc'ton
i Whatcom
35590
Skagit
12532
Snohomish
32127
i San Juan
3285
Island
12561
Kitsap
Clallam
26115
2887
' Jefferson
Chehalis
10180
Pacific
(f)
!
1Lewis
5187
; Thurston
31931
IMason
7042
|Pierce
4199
j King
Kittitas
25323
Yakima
|Walla Walla
11101
!Columbia
Garfield
672765
: Benton Cf-)
ij
I
*935729

P o p u la t io n
i
t r ib u t a r y to >
Seattle
J

Abstract of Census,1910
(Pages 55-46-51 and 52)

*Alaskk Eliminated from Portland:
Portland:
892825
Seatt Le :
856076




64356
49511
29241
59209
3603
4704
17647
6755
8337
35590
9399
32127
17581
5156
120812
284638
18561
41709
31931
7042
4199
3968

856076

TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF TERRITORY1WHERE
P 0 R T L A II D
J O B B E R S

have distributive rates as low or lower than the nearest
competing jobbers at Tacoma, Seattle or Spokane*
Portland, Bverett or Bellingham,.
VALUE

—

POULTRY

DAIRY
PRuDUOT^

■
$”, 067,021

PRODUCTS
3,ET472SF

637,369
275,136
91,985
642,335
1 ,5 9 3 ,0 6 0
117,863
1,278,530
356,379
5,828,559
2,421,469
1,979 ,2 4 4

208,416
130,487
118,506
150,571
440,038
28,295
70,089
19,147
130,208
47,529
19,604

86,699
37,388
16,329
66,279
169,564
14,289
57,626
38,791
135,570
55,971
43,749

1 ,9 7 9 ,0 8 4
1,095,451

186,675
66,713

214,381
83,317

67 ,3 3 7 ,3-79

7 ,6 8 3 ,3 0 2

4 ,8 3 4 , 2 3 8

State of Oregon
Washington
Chehalis
Pacific
Wahkiakum
Cowlitz
Clarke
Skamania
Klickitat
Benton (§-}
Walla Walla
Columbia
Garfield
Idaho
Canyon
Washington

49 ,040 , 72*5’

Total

-

HOUEY &
WAX

WOOL &
MOHAIR

W/BITJ
1,874
170
383
4,063
4,615
285
116
915 ,
5,046
561
189

LIV E STOCK
SALES

L IV E STOCK

l4,972,6lB

2 ,4 6 1 ,l5 § “

s l a u g h t e r s :D

TOTAL
7 9 , 8 8 4 ,^

2,051
189
191
1|849
2,045
579
52,558
8,067
30,458
34,932
12,754

86,216
38,831
16,211
90,940
95,454
10,084
313,790
42,719
287 ,213
203,700
306,979

47,740
34,740
30,392
55,699
115,446
9,923
52,124
7,430
61,549
49 ,502
28,947

T,Q 70,$65
516,931

17,995
6,991

181,852
298,875

572,181
1,010,653

31,790
59,144

3 ,1 8 3 ,9 5 8
2 ,6 2 1 ,1 4 4

1 3 7 ,7 1 3

4 ,0 6 0 ,8 0 9

1 8 ,0 4 7 ,5 8 6

3 ,0 4 5 ,5 8 5

105,146,412

2 7 3 ,9 9 7
1 ,0 1 1 ,7 3 6
2 ,4 2 0 ,2 2 2

181,318
1 ,8 2 4 ,8 3 3
4 7 3 ,4 4 8
6 ,4 7 8 ,6 0 3
2 ,8 1 3 ,6 6 4
2 ,3 9 1 ,4 6 6

TOTAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF TERRITORY WHERE
SEA T T L E
J 0 B B E R S

have distributive rates as low or lower than the nearest
competing jobbers at Tacoma , Seattle, or Spokane,
Portland, Everett, or Bellingham •
Washington
King
Kitsap
Island
Clallam
Je fferson
Chehalis
Paci fic. (1)
Benton {-§•)
Walla Wal^-a
Columbia
Garfield
Total




2 ,458,556
326,525
369,342
477,654
185,590
637,369
206,345
356,379
5 ,828,559
2 ,421,469
1 ,9 7 9 ,2 4 4

1 ,5 4 7 ,9 1 1
124,241
117,113
241,740
77,466
208,416
97,866
19,147
130,208
47,529
19,604

15 ,24-7 ,0 3 2

2 ,6 3 1 ,2 4 1

‘

547,777
348,667
71,451
43,885
25,975
86,699
28,041
33,791
135,570
55,971
43,749

2,851
644
180
541
75
1,874
128
915
5,046
561
189

802
153
3,027
1,609
479
2,051
142
8,067
30,458
34,932
12,754

212,139
16,671
27,223
64,823
12,551
86,216
29,124
42,719
287,213
203,700
306,979

132,513
22,935
29,067
56,302
30,445
47,740
26,055
7,430
61,549
49,502
28,947

4 ,902,549
839 ,8 3 6
6 1 7 ,4 0 3
8 8 6 ,5 5 4
3 3 2 ,5 8 1
1 ,0 7 0 ,3 6 5
3 8 7 ,7 0 1
4 6 8 ,4 4 8
6 ,4 7 8 , 6 0 3
2 ,8 1 3 ,6 6 4
2 ,3 9 1 ,4 6 6

1 ,4 2 1 ,5 7 6

1 3 ,0 0 4

94,474

1, 2 8 9 ,3 5 8

4 9 2 ,4 8 5

21 ,189,170

Figures taken from U. S. Census, 1910
V o l .6 .Pages 394-395-397-398
V o l.7 ,Pages 414-418-844 to 861 incl.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF TERRITORY TRIBUTARY TO
P

O

R

T

L

A

N

D

R a te s b e in g e q u a l or lo w er f r a n P o r t l a n d th a n frcm S e a t t l e

S t a t e o f Oregon
W ashington
C hehalis
P acific
Lewis
Wahkiakum
C ow litz
C larke
S k a m an ia
K lick itat
B e n t o n (f|-)
W alla W alla
C olum bia
G arfield
Idaho
Canyon
W ashington
T o ta l

WOOL &
MOHAIR

LIVE STOCK
SAIES

L IV E

STOCK
SLAUGHTERED

DAIRY
PRODUCTS.

POULTRY
PRODUCTS.
S,8l4,fcfc5

6 5 7 ,5 6 9
£75 ,126
1,418,626
91,985
642,555
1,595,060
117,865
1,278,550
556,579
5,828,559
2,421,469
1,979,244

208,416
150,487
565,222
118,506
150,571
440,058
28,295
7 0 ,0 8 9
19,147
150 ,208
47 ,529
19,604

8 6 ,6 9 9
57,588
188,054
1 6 ,5 2 9
6 6 ,2 7 9
169 ,5 64
1 4 ,2 8 9
57,626
58,791
155,570
55,971
4 5 ,7 4 9

1,874
170
4,220
585
4,065
4,615
285
116
915
5 ,046
561
189

2,051
189
5,021
191
1,849
2,045
579
52,558
8,067
50,458
54,952
12,754

86,216
58,851
259,941
16,211
90,490
95,454
10,084
515,790
4 2 ,7 1 9
287 ,215
.205,700
506,979

4 7 ,7 4 0
54,740
111,569
50,592
5 5 ,6 9 9
115,446
9,925
52,124
7,450
6 1 ,5 4 9
4 9 ,5 0 2
2 8 ,9 4 7

1,070,365
516 ,951
2 ,3 2 8 ,4 5 3
275,997
1,011,286
2,420,222
181,518
1,824,855
475,448
6,478,603
2,815,664
2,591,466

1,979,084
1,095,451

186,675
6 6 ,7 1 5

214,581
85,517

17,995
6,991

181,852
298,875

572,181
1 ,010,655

51,790
59,144

5,185,958
2,621,144

38,755,805

8,046,524

5 ,022,292

141,933

4,065,850

18 ,287 ,077

3,156,954

107,474,415

VALUE
ALL CROPS.
772F

H O IIS Y
AT

&

TOTAL
75\8B4't727

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF TERRITORY TRIBUTARY TO

S E A

T ' T

1

E

Rates b e in g equal or lower from S e a tt le

Washington
Whatcom
Skagit
Snoho mish
San Ju an
Islan d
H itsap
C lallam
Jefferson
C hehalis
P a c ific (f)
Lew is
T hurston
Mason
P ierce
King
K ittitas
Yakima
W alla W alla
Co lum b ia
G arfield
Benton f t )
Total




t ban from' P ort l a n d .

1,712,778
2,226,467
1,501,257
598,248
569,542
526,525
477,654
185,590
6 57 ,5 6 9
206,545
1,418,626
787,765
27 5 , 6 1 2
1 ,8 7 5 ,2 9 5
2,458,556
1,606,164
4,754,144
5,828,559
2,421,469
1,979,244
556,579

577,524
655 ,9 65
756,595
68,854
117,115
124,241
241,740
77,466
208,416
97 ,866
565,222
257,256
49,564
648,146
1,547,911
144,950
4 0 5 ,4 7 2
150,208
47,529
19,604
19,147

2 6 4,45 0
2 1 8 ,5 6 8
180,409
45,529
71,451
548,667
45,885
25,975
8 6 ,6 9 9
28,041
188,054
144,558
58,555
417,656
547 ,777
74,059
255,145
155,570
55,971
45,749
35,791

5,420
4,242
1,655
65
180
644
541
75
1,874
128
4,220
2,065
1,667
2,973
2,851
2,162
10,594
5,046
561
189
915

4,621
5,514
1,459
8,495
5,027
155
1,609
479
2,051
142
5,021
905
470
2,152
802
6 0 ,0 5 0
50,729
50,458
54,952
12 ,7 54
8,067

1 4 6 ,1 9 2
505,275
125,817
17,536
27,225
1 6 ,6 7 1
64,825
12,551
86,216
29 , 1 2 4
259 ,941
92,002
1 7 ,1 5 7
162,678
212,139
590,545
7 5 5 ,5 6 9
287,215
205,700
506,979
42,719

1 1 8 ,9 3 2
55,640
8 2 ,1 9 8
26,569
29 ,067
22 ,935
56,302
30,445
4 7 ,7 4 0
26,055
.111,369
7 4 ,7 3 0
10,498
7 0 ,8 2 5
132,513
27,584
67,684
6 1 ,5 4 9
4 9 ,5 0 2
28,947
7,430

2,827,917
5,427,269
2,429,170
562 ,876
617,405
859,836
886,554
352,581
1,070,565
587,701
2,328,453
1,359,059
411,283
5,177,725
4,902,549
2 ,505,492
6,255,155
6,478,605
2,815,664
2,591,466
468,448

51,579,584

6,516,547

5 ,243,917

4 5 ,8 4 7

209 ,690

5 ,559,848

1,116,514

46,251,547

F i g u r e s t a k e n fro m U. S. C e n s u s , 1910
V o l .6 ,Pages 594-595-597-598.
V o l . 7.,P a g e s 4 1 4 - 4 1 8 - 8 4 4 t o 851 i n c l .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Agricultural Products of Territory where Jobbers
have distributive rates as low, or lower than the
nearest competing Jobbers at Portland, Seattle,
Spokane, Tacoma, Everett, or Bellingham*

T
Yalue of:All Crops
Dairy Products
Poultry Products
Honey So Wax
Yfool & Mohair
Live Stock Sold
Slaughtered
Total Agricult.
Products

PORTLAND
TERRITORY

SEATTLE
TERRITORY

67357,179
7.683,302
4834,238
137,713
4060,809
18,047,586
3,045585

15,247,032
2633,241
1421,576
1^004
94,474
1,289,358
492,485

10 §146,412

23^.89,170

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS TRIBUIARY TO
SEATTLE
TERRITORY

PORTLAND
TERRITORY

Rates being equal or lower from
I:

PORTLAND •

1

Than from Seattle
Value of:All Crops
Dairy Products
Poultry Products
Honey & Wax
Wool & Mohair
live Stock Sold
Slaughtered
Total Agricul.
Products




SEATTLE
Than from Portland

68,755,805
8,046*524
502^292
141,933
4063,830
18,287,077
3156,954

33,579,384
6,516,347
3,243,917
45,847
209,690
3,539,848
3JL16,514
I

107,474/3:15

Ud S

4^253^47

Ce 9^S -C-C3

& d. Z<sc-e

cW

Z)<oZZ<£z-

■

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

CUT OF TIMBER FOR 1913.
PORTLAND

SEATTLE
11.Ft .

Qui&iault
Grays Harbor
Willapa Harbor
Lower Columbia
Cowlitz River
Lewis River
Klickitat
Walla Walla
Columbia River
Tillamook
Yamhill
Bull Run
Suislaw
Santiam
Lower Umpqua
Upper Willamette
Coos
Upper Umpqua
Lower Rogue
Upper Rogue
S.E.Oregon
Deschutes
John Day
Snake River

B .M

4,006
857,750
439,500
411,802
247,062
193,100
57,770
2.000
411,250
100,750
141,810
93,900
64,238
202,900
3,450
35,500
279,690
27,500
3.450
4,000
54.520
50,710
57,560
78,475
3 ,822,687

M .F t .

Whatcom
Snohomish
Green River
Hi squally River
Hoods Canal
Quiniault
Grays Harbor
Willappa Harbor
Yakima River
Walla Walla

4 ,3 6 6 ,6 0 9

(From lette r,1 /2 3 /1 4 , of U.S.Forestry Service,Dis,#6)
Figures are by the log scale and should he raised by
at lease 10$ to allow for the mill overrun.




B .M

550'"84'6
837,401
369,180
883,970
411,363
4,000
857,750
439,500
30,600
2,000

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

J 0 B B E R S
-PORTLAND-

-SEATTLEGROCERS
T5l
Schwabacker Bros. & Co.
National Grocery Co,
Fischer Brothers
Sylvester Brothers Co*
J. R. Grant Company
HARNESS & SADDLES
--------------------- m —
—
Duncan & Sons

DRUGS
“T

r r

Stewart & Holmes Drug Co.

DRY GOODS & NOTIONS
m
Western Dry Goods Company

--------------------------------------------

—

---------------------------------

GROCERS
“

T 6 l~

Allen & Lewis
Lang & Company
Mason Ehrman Company
Wadhams 8c Company
Wadhams & Kerr Brothers
T. W. Jenkins & Co.
HARNESS & SADDLES
----------------- m

----------------------

George Lawrence Co.
John Clark Saddlery Co.
Breyman Leather Company
P. J. Cronin Company
W. H. McMonies & Company
DRUGS
T F T
Blumauer-Frank Drug Co.
Clarke Woodward Drug Co.
American Druggists Syndicate
DRY GOODS & NOTIONS
--------------------m

-------------------------

Fleischner Mayer & Company

PAINTS & OILS

PAINTS & OILS

-------------- m

-------------- T e l --------------

--------------

Bass-Heuter Paint Company
W. P. Fuller & Company
C. C. Belknapp
Seattle Paint Company
Sherwin Williams Company
T. L. Blood
Star Paint & Wall Paper Co.

W. P. Fuller & Company
Central Door 8c Lumber Co.
Fischer Thorsen & Company
Rasmussen & Company
Timms Cress & Company
Sherwin Williams Company
Acme Paint Company
Pioneer Paint Company.

HEAYY 8c SHELF HARDWARE

HEAYY & SHELF HARDWARE
ncn
Paoifio Hdwe. & Steel Co.
Honeyman Hardware Company
Marshall-Wells Hardware Co.
Failing-MeCaiman Company
May Hardware Company
Hexter-Friedman Company
M. Seller & Company
Prael Hegele & Company
J. E, Haseltine & Company
Robertson Hdwe. & Steel Co.

--------------------m

---------------------------------

Seattle Hardware Company
Schwabacker Hardware Co.
Whiton Hardware Company
Western Hdwe. & Steel Co.
Gray Brothers
M. Seller & Company
Bomstein Company




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

JOBBERS CONTINUED

-SEATTLE-

-PORTLAND-

SHOES

SHOES

it)

~1W ~

Northwestern Shoe Company
Washington Shoe Mfg. Co.

Dougherty Shoe Company
Pithian Barker Shoe Co.
Goodman Bros. Shoe Company
Krausse Brothers
Prince Shoe Company

IMPLEMENTS
nsrj
John Deere Plow Company
Poulsen Implement Company

IMPLEMENTS
TTST
John Deere Plow Co.
Mitchell, Lewis & Staver
International Harvester
R. M. Wade & Company
J. A. freeman & Son
Oregon Moline Plow Co.
Oliver Chilled Plow Co.
Royer Implement Co.
Parlin & Orendorf Plow Co.
Studebaker Corporation
J.I.C ase Machinery Co.
The Rumley Products Co.
Aultman & Taylor Machinery
Western Farquhar Company
Holt Manufacturing Co.
A. H. Averill Machinery Co.
Advance Thrasher Company
Poulsen Implement Company




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

T I M B E R

Standing Timber of Territory Tributary to
PORTLAND

|

SEATTLE

ii

Freight rates being as low or lower than from the
nearest competing jobbing point, Portland,Seattle
Tacoma, Everett or Bellingham.
(M. Ft

(M.FtJ

* State of Oregon
W ashingto n

* Clallam
* Jefferson
Chehalis
Pacific
Wahkiakum
Cowlitz
Clark
Skamania
Klickitat
Columbia
Garfield

Total M. Ft.

476,510,531
23,192,000
17.5 9 0.500
3 1,136,575
14,926,655
2,97 6,000
1 6.287.500
7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0
13,903,496
3 ,5 39 ,8 72
360.000
128.000

607,551,129

W ashingto n

King
Kitsap
Island
Clallam
Jefferson
Chehalis
Pacific
Columbia
Garfield

Total M. Ft,

Figures submitted Jan. 14, 1914, by
U. S. Forest Service, D istrict,Io *6

#Report of the commission of
corporations on the lumber
industry Part 1, estimates
the timber of Oregon to
amount to 545 Billion Feet.
*We include the above two
counties, owing to the topo­
graphy of the Olympic P e n in s u l a ,
the bulk of this timber will
move to market through Grays
Harbor,; eoually accessible to
Portland and Seattle.




17,437 ,061
827 ,000
176 ,000
23,192 ,000
17,590 ,500
31,136 ,575
14,926 ,655
360 ,000
128 ,000

105,773,791

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

f I I B E H

Standing Timber of Territory Tributary to
PORTLAND

SEATTLE

Bates being equal or lower than from
POBTLAHD
(M .Ft)

SEATTLE

* *

State of Oregon"
Washington
Clallam
Jefferson
Chehalis
Pacific
Lewis
Wahkiakum
Cowlitz
Clark
Skamania
Klickitat
Columbia
Garfield

Total M. Ft.

(M. Ft J
476,510,531

Washington
Whatcom
Skagit
Snohomish
San Juan
Island
Kitsap
Clallam
Jefferson
Chehalis
Pacific
Lewis
Thurston
Mason
Pierce
King
Kittitas
Yakima
Columbia
Garfield

23,192,000
17.590.500
31,136,575
14,926,655
2 5,038,661
2,97 6,000
1 6.287.500
7 ,0 00 ,000
13,903,496
3 ,5 3 9 ,8 7 2
360.000
128.000

632,589,790

!j Total M. Ft.

figures submitted Jan. 14, 1914, by
U. S. Forest Service, District, Ho.6

*The timber in these two counties,
owing to the topography of the
countrf must move out through
Grays Harbor.




10,509,568
15,559,912
20,321,710

200,000

176.000
827.000
23,192,000
17,590,500
31,136,575
14,926,655
25,038,661
3 ,8 1 2 ,3 0 0
10,609,540
14,443,020
17,437,061
3,151,887
1,494,810
360.000
128.000

210,915,199

STATEMENT SHOWING TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS BY jBATES

SEATTLE

FROM
—XT7--------MAIN LINE SOUTH
M erm ger
Auburn
Christopher

—

1st.
20
20
19

2nd .
17
17
16

3rd.
12
12
12

4th.
10
10
10

5th
10
10
10

Capitol Mills
Sopenah

TAOOMA

PORTLAND

EVERETT
1st. End. 3rd. 4th. 5th,

1st.
16
19
19

2nd.
14
16
16

3rd.
11
12
12

4th. 5th.
10
8
10
10
10
10

l»t> 2nd. 3rd. 4th. 5th.

33
34

28
29

22
23

19
20

34
33

15
16

29
28

23
22

20
19

16
15
•

GRAYS HARBOR BRAIIGH
gatsop
Montesano

45
25

40
SO

34
28

31
24

27
20

40
35

34
30

28
28

24
24

20
20

45
35

40
30

34
28

31
24

27
20

SOUTH BEND BRANCli
Menlo
“"Ullapa

44 ' 37
34
40

33
30

28
26

27
25

40
40

35
34

29
29

26
26

22
22

44
40

37
34

33
30

28
26

27
25

MAIN' LINE EAST
Gibbon
Chandler

76
76

65
65

53
53

46
46

38
38

75
76

64
65

53
53

45
46

38
38

22
23

19
20

15
16

13
14

11
12

. 20
25
30

17
20
25

12
12
15

10
10
12

MAII XIIE NORTH
Woodiny i lie
Bear Creek
Note”«s©&'fctl©Ts
EQualization at
Tacoma
Everett
Bellingham

22
15

10
10
12
DIVISION BETWEEN PORTLAND AND SEATTLE
•

SEATTLE

PORTLAND
x0
Centralia
Kennewick
,| A




36
76

31
65

25
53-

22
46

18
38

36
76

31
65

25
53

22
46

18
38

19
13

15

IS

11

10

11
9

R eproduced from the U nclassified




I D eclassified H oldings of the N ational A rchives

m

February

1914.

■Sir*
I bog to advioG in resjxmoe to your letter
20th that tbc r.dd5 tional d&fcn* thereto

g© & loc&t i<m f o r one o f tfe*

t© b$

&*sarvi©

"m mp&ftiily fi3*Ni m&

bv tho CwTBRitteo when it in determining
t ’s © »

i a ^ o r t m%

B & opectftilly,

S#or©t&ry#
Steram Bank Orssnizatloai Ooasaitte*.

J&# B# C« Glltuer* $^er©tary#
Va r t land Chamber ■<*£ Coraaerce,
F o r tla & ft*

O r e g o n .*

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

MEMBER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES

O FFIC E R S
A. H. AVERILL, PRESIDENT
D. A. PATTULLO, VICE-PRESIDENT
EDMOND C. GILTNER, SECRETARY
M. MOSESSOMN, ASST. SECRETARY
W. D. B. DODSON, TRADE COMMISSIONER
LADD & TILTON. TREASURER

9

F IF T H

TRU S TE E S
J, C. AINSWORTH
O. M. CLARK
GEO. LAWRENCE, JR.
F. W. MULKEY
H. D. RAMSDELL
JAY SMITH

STRE E T

February 20, 1914.

Honorable W. Gr. McAdoo,
Secretary of the Treasury,
Washington, B.C.
Dear Sir:
Pursuant to request of your Board at its recent
meeting in Portland for a brief of the natural resources and
commercial data which we urged as evidence of Portland1s maxit
in securing the location of the Regional Reserve 'BaSTor a
branch bank in the Pacific Horthwest, we submit herewith the
following- outline of facts which we trust will be considered
by your Board in determining what shall be done in respect to
the Pacific Northwest when j^ou create your Federal Reserve
Bank districts and locate the financial centers therein:
T im m :
We claim there is a stand of about 550,000,000,000
feet of commercial timber in the territory that is exclusively
Portland’ s; that, there is a stand of about 197,000,000,000
feet in territory that is competitive where Portland has an
equal footing with Seattle in a commercial and financial sense,
and that there is only about 2 3 4 ,0 0 0,000,000 feet in territory
that is exclusive to Puget Sound commercial and financial cen­
ters.
The basis of this claim was set forth in a map filed
at the time of the hearing, and is subject to easy proof.
According to official reports, 507,000,000 feet of
the logs cut in Washington last year were in Portland’ s ex­
clusive trade and financial territory.
We also claim that
1 ,2 9 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 feet of logs cut in Grays Harbor and Willapa
Harbor districts last year are in a full and absolute com­
petitive territory, the commercial trade of which Portland
has a larger share than either Seattle or Tacoma. It follows,
of course, that the 1 ,6 0 9 ,0 0 0 feet of logs cut in Oregon are
in our exclusive trade territory.
CliREjALS:
Wheat and flour exports from Portland and Puget Sound
for seasons -




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WGMcA— 2

Portland
1908-09
1909-10
1910-11
1911-12

Puget Sound

422,236
354,890
441,717
524,180

374,326
434,415
471,224
586,405

Tons
11
"
11

The cereal receipts of wheat at Portland and Puget
Sound for calendar year 1913 were:
Portland
Puget Sound

22,076 cars
20,125
M

We also claim that in the matter of handling wheat,
harley, oats, produced east of the Cascade Mountains, the com­
pletion of the Celilo Canal in January, 1915, and establishment
of effective steamboat service on the Columbia and Snake rivers,
w ill enable us absolutely to control the cereal movement from
this territory to the extent of 75^ to 80^ of the total produc­
tion. Our map and statement regarding open river are sufficient
evidence of this future condition.
OCSAK TRADE:
Shipments from Portland for domestic points by ocean
carriers in 1913 v/ere 741,317 short tons, valued at $1 8 ,1 0 9 ,9 7 6 .
The imports of Portland from domestic points by ocean
commerce aggregated 1,128,493 tons, of a value of $ 2 3 ,6 8 6 ,2 1 2 .
The total foreign imports of Portland for calendar year
1913 were 55,133 tons, of a value of $ 1 ,5 6 6 ,6 3 4 .
The total foreign exports from Portland for the past
year were 658,664 tons, valued at $ 1 4 ,4 7 0 ,1 7 4 .
In this connection o\u- records show that the largest
lumber cargoes ever shipped anywhere moved from Portland last
year, and our wheat and flour cargoes were next to the largest
that have been put on the water.
TOMftACEB EHTiSRING AID DEPARTING COLUMBIA RIVER:
For 1913, 193 foreign vessels entered the Columbia
river, and 1282 coastwise vessels of ocean-going type.
Of
thei 193 foreign entering, 106 were steam craft of large type
I

I
Clearing from Columbia Biver in 1913, there were 212
foreign vessels and 1293 coastwise c r a ft .




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WGMcA--3

JOBBING TRADE;
Taking United States census reports of population by
counties and the railway figures of the rates reached by the
merchants of Portland and Seattle, it is proven that in Seattle's
territory there are but 48.5,688 people and in Portland’ s trade
territory 906,352. Under any presentation that can be made,
Portland’ s trade territory covers far more than half of the
entire Pacific Northwest in population.
In agricultural products it is shown by the Agricultural
Department reports that the value of the yield in Seattle’ s
trade territory is |2 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 as against $105,000,00 0 in Port­
land’ s trade territory.
In the number of jobbing houses located in Seattle and
Portland we submit the following comparison:
Grlrocery
Seattle
Hardware, including
light and heavy
”
Harness and saddles
"
Drugs
11
Drygoods
”
Paints and oils
”
Shoes
"
Implements
”

5
7
1
1
1
7
2
2

Portland
ii
it
ii

it
n
ii

it

6
10
5
3
1
8
5
18

In the implement business it is conceded by dealers
that 95^ of the total business of the Northwest is done through
Portland firms, the value of the business here running from
$8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 to #10,000,000 a year.
In drygoods, Fleischner Mayer & Co., Portland, state
that they have 40 traveling salesmen in Oregon, 32 in Washington
and 28 in all other sections of the Northwest. Neustadter Bros.,
.drygoods, with headquarters at Portland, do 34^ of their total
Northwest business in the State of Washington.
Loewengart. &
Co., wholesale milliners, Portland, do SOfo of their entire
shipping business in Idaho, Washington and Montana.
We also ask the Board to consider the fact that the
United States Steel Products Company maintains its northwestern
headquarters in Portland;
also General Electric Company, Westinghouse Company, International Harvester Company, and American
Can |Company.
M.Seller & Co., large distributors of tinware,
enameled ware, crockery and glassware, in the Northwest, with
houses in Portland, Seattle and Spokane, finance and control
alljtheir operations from Portland*




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

W G M cA — 4

LIVESTOCK:
Portland is conceded to be the livestock center of the
entire Pacific Coast, developing industrial and packing “busi­
ness at a very rapid rate.
In 1913 the following receipts of
cattle at this center showed the following distribution of their
origin:
40,329
Or eg on
19,887
Idaho
2,631
Washington
6,054
Montana
7,049
California
3,764
Utah
120
Nevada
565
Miscellaneous
Calves were distributed in about the same proportion,
total receipts here being 4 ,6 6 6 .
Hog receipts, total of 188,286, 94,319 of which from
Oregon, 70,960 from Idaho, 19,771 from Washington, 958 from
Montana, 2,278 from California.
Sheep receipts, 295,730, distributed about the same
as hogs.
Portland Cattle L oan Company organized in 1912 with
offi'ces and^eadquarVers *in Portland, has loaned to Northwestern
stockmen approximately #10,000,000 in the development of the
stock industry. This company has beenthemost powerful fostering
influence in the development of livestock yet. inaugurated in the
Northwest.
In meat products, the Union Meat Company of Portland
handled last year about $ 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , and poultry products received
at Portland.aggregated $ 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 and more.
Shipments from Port­
land including eggs aggregated $ 6 ,5 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
Dairy Industry . The value of Oregon’ s dairy products
in 1913 was %17,500,1)00. Portland draws heavily from Washington,
Idaho and Northern Montana. 25^ of Portland's receipts are pur­
chased in Washington, 25/c to 35^ in Idaho, and 25^c to 35^ of the
totap. manufacture in Portland is redistributed into Washington.
MlUIjT:
Fruit acreage now planted in three Northwestern states
aggr egates about 600,000 acres, of which Oregon has 231,000,
Wash ington 242,000, Idaho 127,000, and the invested capital
repr esented by these plantings is about 4-267,000,000. The



Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WGrMcA— 5

acreage absolutely tributary to Portland under present and
certain future rate conditions is 361,075, or 60$ of the three
Northwestern states. With development of the export business
for fresh and dried fruits by water through Panama Oanal, Port­
land is in position to control at, least 60$ of the fruit busi­
ness of the Northwest.
The apple production in the three states this year will
aggregate 20,000 carloads, and is a normal portion of the pres­
ent planted area matures by 1920 the yield will be from 50,000
to 80,000 carloads, of a value of flOOO or above per carload.
WOOL:
Last year Oregon produced 2 0 ,0 00,000 pounds of wool,
the western part of Idaho 1 2 ,0 00,000, and Washington 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
Portland houses control this trade absolutely, none of it going
through Puget Sound. With the opening of the Panama Canal, when
a low rate is assured from producing center to Boston, Massachu­
setts, all of this wool w ill pass through Portland.
HOPS:
Oregon produced in 1913 130,000 to 140,000 bales of
hops each of 190 pounds, or a total of 25,000,000 pounds.
Prices ranged from 20 to 27 cents, or total value estimated
# 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
Washington produced 35,000 bales.
Portland houses are almost exclusive in the handling
of this Northwestern crop, practically all of it being financed
and shipped through or to this point.
Oregon’ s yield within next
three or four years is estimated by experts at 150,000 to 160,000
b a les.
POTATOES:
There was produced in Portland’ s exclusive territory
last year about 1 5 ,0 00 ,000 bushels of potatoes, and in territory
competitive between Portland and Puget Sound 45,00 0 ,0 0 0 .
Puget
Sound’ s exclusive territory production was about 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 bush­
els .
RAIXROADS:
There are 82 regular steam road passenger trains arriv­
ing land departing Portland daily, with about the same number of
electric interurban trains, the latter reaching Portland from




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WGJffcA~6

25 to 125 miles distant, from Portland.
There are 50 freight
trains arriving and departing Portland daily.
In grain alone
Portland received the past year 22,076 cars as against 20,125
cent to Puget. Sound. In Portland's territory there is the heaviest
railway construction of the west, one line being under way in
Eastern Oregon to cost $4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , another between Eugene and
Coos Bay, $ 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
Natron-Klamath Palls cut-off $8,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,
total for the three 4-17,000,000. There v/as expended for better­
ments and new construction on lines in Portland territory last
year $1 9 ,7 3 3 ,0 0 0 ,
and during the last three years $5 9 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
The estimated expenditure for same purposes for 1914 is about
$ 1 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
The annual payroll of the railways in Portland
territory is $ 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
MAIL SERVICE:
With mail service Portland reaches Southwestern Wash­
ington, Chehalis, Grays Harbor and Willapa Harbor territory
in less time than from Seattle.
Also Portland is closer in
time of mail to Spokane, Walla Walla, Dayton, Pomeroy, Palouse,
Washington, Lewiston, Moscow, Boise and Blackfoot, Idaho, and
is on almost the same time at Helena, Butte, Anaconda, Billings
and all Montana, than is Seattle.
Portland is the designated depository for the surplus
money orders of 382 postoffices in Oregon, 76 postoffices in
Washington, the latter being located throughout Southeastern
Washington, and all of the Southwestern territory, including
Hoquiam, Willapa Harbor, Aberdeen and Grays Harbor territory.
The Washington offices remitted to Portland the past year
$ 1 ,2 3 5 ,0 0 0 . The Portland postoffice is also the designated
depository of the surplus postal funds of all the postoffices
in Oregon.
EXPRESS BUSIKSSS :
The companies operating out of Portland did about
$ 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 express business last year, which would cover what
we might call exclusive trade.
ARID LAUD RECLAMATION WORK:
There are in Oregon, Washington and Western Montana
323,|000 acres of land reclaimed by the Federal Government, and
the jultimate area of the projects on which work is now in pro­
gress w ill be 1,36 3 ,00 0 acres* The present investment of the
United States Government is $ 2 8,6 89,000 , and the ultimate investiment will be $ 5 4 ,5 9 0 ,0 0 0 .
The present value of agricul-




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WGMcA— 7

tural products on this reclamation work is # 5 ,9 70,000 , and the
ultimate value of agricultural products on the reclaimed area
will be about # 43 ,0 00 ,0 0 0. Practically all this work is being
done in territory that is absolutely tributary to Portland com­
mercially and financially. In addition to this federal reclam­
ation work extensive Carey Act work is in progress in the three
states *
PUBLIC AITD PRIVATE LAUDS:
Oregon has 61,000,000 acres of land, of which total
2 7,683,000 are deeded and 33,505,000 are in the public domain.
It is estimated by the Agricultural College and Government ex­
perts that 6 ,1 5 8 ,0 0 0 acres of the public domain is tillable land
and 7,182,000 acres has its chief value in grazing.
Of the
deeded lands those cultivated as farms now aggregate but
4 ,092,104 acres, and the uncultivated land in farms about
4,141,933 acres.
This statement reveals that there is an
enormous area in Oregon which is available for cultivation
and which must soon be so used*
WATER RESOURCES:
The discharge of the Columbia River at The Dalles, 110
miles above Portland, is an average of 235,000 second feet, or
equivalent of 170,000,000 acre feet per year* The estimated
total discharge of the river at its mouth is 312,000 second
feet. Pacific Coast streams of Oregon not discharging into
the Columbia Basin have 50,000 second feet, and the discharge
into Puget Sound is about the same.
United States engineers in charge of the water resources
of the Geological Survey estimate that in the State of Oregon
there are 7,0 00 ,0 00 acre feet of water available for Irrigation
work, which would make reclamation of nearly 4 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 acres of
land immediately possible, and that in the State of Idaho there
are between seven and eight million acre feet available, and
in Washington four to five million acre feet, and Montana two
million acre feet. A study of this tremendous water resource
and vast expanse of uncultivated land would suggest the enor­
mous agricultural possibilities here when the asset is properly
used.
WAT3CR POWER :
The estimate of Government engineers on the water power
commercially available in the Columbia Basin of the three Forth*
western states is 3.2,775,000 horse power, the estimate being




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WGMoA— 8

based on 75/b efficiency.
Of this total 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 horse power
is immediately adjacent to Portland, and nearly all of it is
in Portland's trade territory. Of the total available only
300,000 horse power are at present being utilized in commerce.
The development of power in the Columbia Basin divided
into districts is as follows:
Spokane district
Oregon district
Lower Columbia
Idaho
Total

145,000 h . p .
95,727 "
2 0 ,0 0 0

»

52,100

"

312,827

»

Ten large operating companies in Portland’ s territory
are as follows:
Portland Railway Light & Power Company, capital of
$2 5 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , gross earnings $ 6 ,8 6 0 ,0 0 0 .
Pacific Power & Light Company, capital $>12,000,000,
gross earnings $ 1 ,2 3 4 ,0 0 0 .
Oregon Power Company, capital $ 3 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 , gross earn­
ings §806,000.
Washington Water Power Company, capital $15,0 00,000 ,
gross earnings $ 3 ,1 7 0 ,0 0 0 .
Washington-Oregon Corporation, capital $10,0 00,000 ,
gross earnings $300,000.
Idaho-Washington Power Company, capital $500,000, gross
earnings $5 0 ,0 0 0 .
Idaho Consolidated Power Company, capital $ 2 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,
gross earnings $100,000.
Idaho-Oregon Power Company, capital $ 4 ,9 3 5 ,0 0 0 , gross
earnings $425,000.
Eastern Oregon Light & Power Company, capital $ 1 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,
gross earnings $167,000.
Siskiyou Light & Power Company, capital $1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ,
gross earnings $100,000.




Total capital $ 7 3 ,6 95,000 , gross earnings $ 1 3 ,2 12,000 .

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WGMcA--9

MOTICIPAI. IMPROVinmTS:
Building permits in Portland for new construction in
the past five years aggregate $81,198,373 as against $61,154,379
in Seattle.
Permits in Portland for 1913 were ahout 60fi greater
than for Seattle.
Heal estate transfers in Portland the past
four years aggregate $ 8 7 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .
The annual expenditure for
street pavements and sewers in Portland for past four years has
"been $ 4 ,6 6 2 ,0 0 0 : in 1913, $ 4 ,3 0 0 ,0 0 0 in 1912, $ 7 ,3 9 8 ,0 0 0 in 1911,
and $4 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 0 in 1910.
Expenditure in water mains for 1913
was $500,000, $790,000 in 1912. Expenditure on school /buildings
runs about $500,000 a year, and on school grounds ahout $200,000
a year.

Part of this "brief is a duplication of material already
filed *but put into “briefer form in reference to the maps pre­
sented at the hearing to make it all clear.




Sincerely yours

Secretary.

Am wm m

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

The Regional Bank Coramittue,
Washington, I). C •
Gentlemen: In accordance with request at the hearing in Portland, I beg
to submit that the volume of agricultural implement business in the
P acific Northwest, Oregon, Washington and Idaho handled, in a finan­
cial way, through Portland, end by this I mean the selling to the
customer s and the money settlement by the customers being through
Portland, approximates 1 8 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 to $ 1 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 .0 0 per annum. This
is in accordance with the testimony given at the hearing.
Based on the movement of the goods sold by our own Company
in this territory, I estimate that the goods themselves move from their
respective shipping points to the respective states as follows:
Prom Portland into Oregon
3
of total
From Portland into Washington & Northern Idaho 14 % n
Total movement from Portland into the territory
5^%

of total

From factory direct to Washington & Northern
fljdaho
From factory direct to Oregon points
From factory direct to Southern Idaho points
Total movement from factory indirect to the
Northwestern territory

of total

13^

of total
H

«

2

From Spokane to Washington and Northern Idaho
From Boise to Southern Idaho points

0

20% of total
10C $

It w ill be understood that while the goods move as above
indicated the money settlement is a ll with Portland. Headquarters for
practically a ll of the implement business of the Horthwest is loaated
at Portland, branches are maintained at Spokane and Boise.
No implement
concern with headquarters at any of these other paints siaintaifi ^branches
at Portland.
Yours truly,

m t /m *
3 4 0 -3 4 6 E A S T M O R R IS O N S T .




M IT C H E L L AUTOiViUtsi<_»_ the northwest
SPOKANE
1 1 1 2 -2 2 R IV E R S ID E AVE.

SEATTLE
*B R O A D W A Y

'£ * .

B OISE
'

" 4 "GROVE S T S .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




tfaroh 11th, 1914.

8l r t
On feofcalf of tho Organ!*ation Committap,
I bog to aeknowlodgo th e roeoi pt o f your lottor
of March 6th giving add H i anal f&ats and figures
roquostod at ths Soaring o f tho Cora®ittoo Isold
In Portland and t o advlso that tho Santo w i l l bo
filod with tho othor information roooirod on
thio sub jsot, in order that tho CoiaaSttoo way bo
full? informed whon it i s dosidlng tho quo* t ! on
of th a location® for th o Federal Rooarvo Banks
to bn astrvbllohad .
Ho a p e a t f u l l y *

Soerotary,
R osarvo Bank O r g a n is a tio n C oiaraittoo.

Mr* H. I , Mitcholl,*
C/o Mitaholl, Lowis, Stavor Company
Portland, Orogon.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

kdlBHT L E T T E R
TERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

f,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL TH E WORLD

,.J CoiiplUiy t ^ A N S M I T S a n d D E L I V E R S m essa g es o n ly on c o n d it io n s lim iting- its lia b ilit y , w h ic h h a v e b een a ssented t o b y th e sen d er o f th e fo llo w in g 1 N i g h t L e t t e r .
(—r o r s ca n
g u ard ed a gu in st o n ly b y repeating1 a m essa g e b ack to th e sending^ s ta tio n fo r co m p a r is o n , a n d th e C om p an y w ill n o t h o ld it s e lf lia b le f o r e rr o rs o r d e la y s in
rangfciission t o c n i f f e r y o f IJnrepeated N ight Letters, sen t a t red u ced ra tes, b eyon d a su m eq u a l t o th e a m o u n t p a id fo r tr a n s m is s io n ; n o r in a n y ease b e y o n d th e su m o f
S if t y DoUarevat^'hich. unless o th e rw ise sta ted b e lo w , th is m essa g e has b een v a lu ed b y th e sen d er th e re o f, n o r in a n y ca se w h ere th e c la im is n o t p resen ted in w r it in g w lt h ia
BNCty d a y s after'M Ie messag-e is tiled w ith th e C om p an y fo r tra n sm ission .
T h is is a n D N K E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , a n d is d e liv e r e d b y re q u e st o f th e sen d er, u n d er th e co n d it io n s n a m ed a b ov e.

T H E O . N . V A I L , P R E S ID E N T

_

B E LV1DERE B R O O K S , GEN ERAL M ANAGER

C44CH KW 99 NL

J

RECEIVED AT

0REG0N DEC 27TH 1913

HON DAVID F HOUSTON
SECY OF AGRICULTURE
P A C IF IC

WASHINGTON DC

COAST SHOULD BY ALL MEANS GET TWO FEDERAL RESERVE

BANKS AND ONE OF THEM SHOULD BE LOCATED
NORTHWEST THE HONOR OF BEING THE MOST

IN THE

IMPORTANT COMMERCIAL CENTER

IN THE REGION HAS HERETOFORE BEEN DISPUTED T H IS
N(^lONGER

PORTLAND

IS S O ? A N S ^ E R E t J *

IS FORGING AHEAD RAPIDLY AND ON ACCOUNT■>;!

7/
8

OF EXTREMELY FAVORABLE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION WILL CONTINUE TO LEA \ A & L

\

C Q M P E T I T | j g THE TRADE OF OREGON IDAHO SOUTHERN AND EASTERN WASHINGTON
D PART

0W 0NTANA

CENTERS THERE MAKING CONDITIONS

IDE ALITOR

TRANSACTION OF FI NA NCI AL BUSINESS WITH SMALLER C I T I E S

OF NORTHWEST PLEASE

INVESTIGATE CLAIMS FOR PORTLAND CLOSELY BEFORE MAKING FINAL DECISION




ALBANY COMMERCIAL CLUB
1026PM

m
am
Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

■4I8HT L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

25,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL TH E WORLD

This Company TRANSMITS and DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following Night Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comiiarison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, Beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing'within
sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This Is an UNREPEATE1> NIGH T LETTER, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.

T H E O . N . V A I L , P R ES ID E N T

R e c e iv e d a t

8 E L V I D E R E B R O O K S , G EN E R A L M ANAGER

C43CH KW 99 NL

14 57

V

ALBANY OGN DEC 27TH 1913

: (N

HON WM G MCADOO
SECY OF TREASURY
P A C IFIC COAST SHOULD BY A IL
BANKS AND ONE OF THEM

MEANS GET TWO FEDERAL RESERVE

SHOULD BE LOCATED IN THE

NORTHWEST THE HONOR OF BEING
IN THE REGION

WASHINGTON DC

NO LONGER PORTLAND IS FORGINING

BEEN DISPUTED T H IS

COMPETITORS THE TRADE OF OREGON

,'5 V

A *

IS SO

AHEAD RAPIDLY AND ON ACCOUNTS

OF EXTREMELY FAVORABLE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION

WILL CONTINUE TO" L E A D 'A L l^ ^

IDAHO SOUTHERN AND EASTERN WASHINGTON

THERE MAKING CONDITIONS

TRANSACTION OF FINANCIAL BUSINESS WITH
INVESTIGATE CLAIMS FOR PORTQAND CLOSELY



frjfii....

THE MOST IMPORTANT COMMERCfcfrt^gpTSR

HAS HERETOFORE

AND PART OF MONTANA CENTERS

j

IDEAL FOR

“

SMALLER C I T I E S OF NORTHWEST PLEASE
BEFORE MAKING FINA L DECISION

ALBANY COMMERCIAL CLUB
1026PM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

IG H T L E T T E R

Form 22S9 B

RN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

OOO O f / IC t S IN AMERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL TH E WORLD

Tills C o n > t^ n y ^ R y \ ^ S M IT !& # f> d D E L I V E R S m essa g es o n ly on co n d it io n s lim iting* its lia b ilit y , w h ic h h a v e been a ssented t o b y th e sen d er o f th e fo llo w in g : N l f f h t L e t t e r .
E ir o r s can ne 8*uar^ed
o n ly b y reVeating- a m essage back to the sen d in g 1.station fo r com p a ris on , and th e C om p an y w ill n o t h o ld it s e lf lia b le fo r e rr o rs o r d e la y s i n
o r d e iiv c jy ^ o f \ i n r ^ i w n t e d N i g l i t L e t t e r s , sent a t red u ced rates, b e y o n d a su m eq u a l t o th e a m o u n t pa id fo r tra n s m is s io n ; n o r in a n y ca se b e y o n d th e sum o f
F i f t y I > p U r r s , at w hiteh ;,u n l^ s o th e rw is e stateifti>a}ow , th is m essa ge has been v a lu e d b y th e sen d er th e re o f, n o r in a n y ca se w h ere th e c la im is n o t presen ted in w r it in g w ith in
s ix ty ^ ta f^ attar the m essa ge iiiffcied w ith the CoinpffTty fo r tra n sm ission .
s an t ) N R E f * E A T £ l i > N I G H T L E T T E R , and is d e liv e r e d b y re q u e st o f thg sender, u n d er th e c o n d itio n s n a m ed a b ov e.

N. V A I L , P w e il D E N T

BCLV1DERE B R O O K S , GENERAL MANAGER

R eceived at

1O ® 5

2 8 A LY 50 NL

^ ASHLAND OGN DEC 27

1913

HON DAVID F HOUSTON
SECY OF AGRICULTURE
WE RESPECTFULLY URGE YOU TO
CLAIMS OF PORTLAND OREGON AS

GIVE MOST CAREFUL CONSIDERATION TO
LOCATION FOR REGIONAL RESERVE BANK

UNDER LAW RECENTLY ENACTED PORTLAND
OF ALL FINA NCIA L CENTERS OF
THE D I S T R I C T




AS A WHOLE

WASHINGTON DC

IS THE MOST CENTRALLY LOCATED

NORTHWEST TERRITORY AND COULD SERVE

MORE PROMPTLY THAN ANY OTHER

A t ,: a s h l S S - seqmjEfcc i

al

club

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

J IQ H T L E T T E R

Form 2289 B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

25,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL TH E WORLD

This Company TRANSMITS ancl DELIVERS messages only on conditions limiting: its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following: N iebt Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by relating- a message back to the sending’ station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays la
transmission or delivery of Unrcpcated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented In writing within
sixty days arter the niossace is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an UN REPEATED NIGHT LETTER, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
T H E O N. V A IL , P R E S ID E N T
B C L V t D E R E B R O O K S , G EN ER A L M ANAGER

R eceived at

1592

30A LY 50 NL
ASHLAND OGN DEC 27 1913
HON WM 3 MCADOO
SECY TREASY WASHN DO
WE RESPECTFULLY URGE YOU TO

GI VE MOST CAREFUL CONSIDERATION TO

CLAIMS OF PORTLAND OREGON AS

LOCATION FOR REGIONAL RESERVE BANK

UNDER LAW RECENTLY ENACTED PORTLAND
OF ALL FI NANCI AL CENTERS OF
THE D I STRI CT AS A WHOLE




IS THE MOST CENTRALLY LOCATED

NORTHWEST TERRITORY AND COULD SERVE

MORE PROMPTLY THAN ANY OTHER

I9'i4

432AM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

n
VT
IT
T
T
T
ff
i

iJIGHT

T H E P O S T A L TE L E G R A P H -C A B L E C O M P A N Y ! IW C O R P O R A TE D ) TR A K 8 W 8 T S AMD D C U V E K S T H IS W IGH T L E T T E R S R A M S U B J E C T T O TNI!

/ I t l lt K M U I I S

t e r m s a n d c o n d i t i o n s p r i r t e o cm t h e back, o f t h i s

I ndependent
“

LETTERGRAM

36

NY 32

*u k k .

c o m p e titiv e

M.

CLARENCE H . M ACKAY, P r e s i d f n t

p r d s r e s s iv e
/

V. ASTORIA ORE DEC 27 13
WH F UCADCC
SECY OF TftEAWfiY iA&MlkQTGft 06
,KI& CHAHBER OF C0 IWER6 E RESPECTFULLY UttuEb.THE ESTA6LI SHMEtiT Of
. A AfcilOwAL, R£&UVC BANK- AT W 67LA»t«0 n£iG* *HICh CITY 4 6 DEEMED'
,*HE LOG! CaL > 01 «rT

OF,THE MttMfeEST• FVR LOCAtlOk MICH

A SANK
. A&TOftl A ChA(»6 R Gf <»»•£■ RCE"




n
n

STfl

nr
nr

D

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

W 23 N Y
STORI A ORE DEC, 27' 13

32

NL

D AVI D 1F HOUSTON
WASHINGTON DC
T H I S CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESPECTFULL Y. U RG ES THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF A REGIONAL RESERVE BANK; AT PORTLAND OREGON WHICH CITY

IS

DEEMED. THE LOGI CAL POI NT OF TH E NORTHWEST' FOR LOCATI ON

OF

SUCH i A BANK




0F cc* m e r c e

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

O JIG H T

LETTER

Form 2289 B

ESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

IN AMERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL THE WORLD

LTVERS m essa g es o n ly on co n d itio n s lim iting- its lia b ilit y , w h ic h h a v e been a ssented t o b y th e sen d er o f the fo llo w in g 1 Nlgrht L e tte r.
T r e a t in g - a m essage b ack to the sen d in g sta tion fo r com p a ris on , and th e C om p an y w ill n o t h old it s e lf lia b le fo r err o rs o r d ela ys in
ffht L e t t e r s , sen t a t red u ced rates, b ey on d a sum eq u a l to th e a m o u n t p a id fo r tra n s m is s io n ; n o r in a n y ca se b e y o n d th e sum o f
lu te d b elow , th is messatre has been v a lu e d b y th e sen d er th e re o f, n o r in a n y ca se w h ere th o c la im is n o t presented in w r it in g w ith in
npany fo r transm ission.
l T T E R , and is d e liv e r e d b y req u est o f th o sender, u n d er th o co n d itio n s nam ed a b ov e.

B E t V lD C R E B R O O K S , G ENERAL MANAGER

R

e c e iv e d a

F208CH TR

NL

1 4. £XTRA
-

0 T'

>

BAKER ORB'DEC 27 1913 '
DAVID F HOUSTON
SECY AGRICULTURE

WASHN DC

WE URGENTLY REQUEST THAT YOU

USE YOUR BEST EFFORTS IN

HAVING A REGIONAL RESERVE BANK
IS THE LOGICAL BANKING CENTER
IS

IN CLOSER TOUCH' WITH

PLACE

ESTABLISHED AT PORTLAND OREGON PORTLAND
OF THE GREAT NORTHWEST AND

THIS TERRITORY THAN ANY OTHER

A ev.I(
BAKER COMMERCIAL CLu Ib

~. ~; x
„

m i™ It Ii

.(crj4

W E MEACHAM MGR

208AM




j
I

L

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

L IG H T

LETTER

“ B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

2 5 ,0 0 0 OFFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This C om p any T R A N S M I T S and D E L I V E R S mcssag-es o n ly on co n d it io n s lim it in g its lia b ilit y , w h ic h h a v e been assented to b y th e sen d er o f th e fo llo w in g : N i g h t L e t t e r ,
E rrors can be g u ard ed a ga in st o n ly b y repeating- a m essage b a ck to the pending* sta tion fo r com p a ris on , and th e C om p any w ill n o t h o ld it s e lf lia b le fo r err o rs o r d e la y s in
tra n sm ission o r d e liv e r y o f L n r e p c a t e d N i g h t L e t t e r s , sent a t red u ced rates, b eyon d a sum eq u al to th e a m ou n t p a id fo r tra n s m is s io n ; n o r in a n y ca se b e y o n d th e sum o f
F i f t y D o lla r s * at w h ich , unless o th erw ise sta ted b elow , th is m essage has been v a lu e d b y the sen d er th e re o f, n o r in a n y ca se w h ere th e claiiS. is n o t presen ted in w riting: w ith in
Six ty days a fter the m essa ce is tiled w ith the Com pan v fo r transm ission.
T his is a n U N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is d e liv e r e d b y req u est o f th e sender, u n d er th e co n d it io n s nam ed a b ov e.

THEO

N . V A I L , P R E S ID E N T

R e c e iv e d a t
F209CH
TR
4 5 NL

B C L V ID E R E B R O O K S , G ENERAL MANAGER

1516
4 EXTRA

BAKER ORE DEC 27 1913

VMG MCADOO
SECY TREASURY WASHN DC
WE URGENTLY URGE THAT YOU

USE YOUR BEST EFFORTS IN

HAVING A REGIONAL RESERVE BANK
IS THE LOGICAL BANKING CENTER
IS

IN CLOSER TOUCH WITH

ESTABLISHED AT PORTLAND OREGON PORTLAND
OF THE GREAT NORTHWEST AND

THI S TERRITORY THAN AMY-OTHER

PLACE

•i*A
^ S ’;
’
BAKER COMMERCIAL CLUB




W E MEACHAM MGR

j

J.'.-’ T

1'"'

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

/| l H E deep seaport fo r one hundred billion feet o f lum ber : :
Vast mineral and coal
^
deposits in vicinity
::
G reen grass the year round
::
M ild and equable clim ate.
T h e manufacturer’ s and the farm er’ s opportunity IS N O W
::
L o o k it up
::
A ct
qu ick ly
::
T h e Bandon C om m ercial C lub answers inquiries prom ptly.
t
■

tEIje Hanium (Enmmmial (EUtlt
IN C O R P O R A TE D

A D D R E S S A L L . C O M M U N I C A T IO N S
TO T H E SEC R ETA R Y

: ~ a

J a n , 3, 1 9 1 4 ^ x \
Hon. W• G. MeAdo o,
Washington, 3 . C.
Dear Sir:
I wish to call to your attention the fact that of all
the cities of the Northwest, Portland, Oregon, is the
most natural and best place for a National R « *r v e Bank,
and that it is the desire of the towns of the Northwest,
and particularly of Oregon, that Portland he selected in
this regard.

Our Commercial Club and town stand behind

Portland in this and sincerely hope that you will consider
Portland in this respect.




Hoping to hear from you favorably, I am, as ever,
Yours very truly,

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TTTh E deep seaport fo r one hundred billion feet o f lum ber : :
Vast mineral and coal
deposits in vicinity
::
G reen grass the year round
::
M ild and equable clim ate.
T h e manufacturer’ s and the farm er’ s opportunity IS N O W
::
L o o k it up
::
A ct
qu ick ly
::
T h e Bandon C om m ercial C lub answers inquiries prom ptly.

(Hit? Hanlon (Cmnmmtal (Elult
IN C O R P O R A T E D

A D D R E S S A L L C O M M U N I C A T IO N S
TO TH E SECR ETA RY

Jan • 3 ( 1914 •
Hon.

d

.

Houston,

Washington, D. C*
Dear Sir:
I wish to call to your attention the fact that of all
the cities of the Northwest, Portland, Oregon, is the
most natural and best place for a National Reserve Bank,
and that it is the desire of the towns of the Northwest
and particularly of Oregon, that Portland he selected
in this regard.

O^r Commercial Club and town stand

behind Portland in this and sincerely hope that you
will consider Portland in this respect.




Hoping to hear from you favorably, I am, as ever,
Yours very truly,

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

J IG H T L E T T E R

Form 2289 B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

2 5 ,0 0 0 /OFW CES IN AM ERICA

This C om p an y TR A N SM ITShjaB TlJELI'VERS message 'Jfr‘hro n co n d itio n s lim it in g its lia b ilit y , w h ic h h a v e been a ssented to b y th e sen d er o f the fo llo w in g : N ig h t L e tte r.
E rrors cun be g u arded ft£ainst*olily b y repeating- a m es ig e b ack to the sending- sta tion fo r co m p a r is o n , and the C om p an y w ill n o t h old it s e lf lia b le fo r e rr o rs o r d e la y s in
tra n sm ission o r d e liv e r y o f
<<1 N l g l i t L a s e r s , j n t a t red u ced rates, b eyon d a su m eq u al to th e a m o u n t p a id fo r tra n sm issio n ; n o r in a n y ca se b e y o n d th e sum o f
F i f t y D o l l a r s , a t w lifch , unless
..............
p tBJo rw is
......................
c stated
“
essape has been v a lu e d b y th o sen d er th e re o f, n o r in a n y ca se w h ere th o cla im Is n o t presen ted In w riting- w ith in
s ix t y days a fter the messag'C is fUfed w ith the Co
insm ission.
T his is a n U l N R E F E ^ r i i | p * N I G U T LE'J
i d e liv e r e d b y req u est o f th o sender, u n d er th o co n d itio n s na m ed a b ov e.

THEO

N. VAI

BCLV1DERE BR O O K S, G E N E R A L M A N A G ER

ENT

1213
FBX 3 9 N_ 5 EXTRA
BAY C IT Y ORE DEC 29 1913
HON DAVID F HOUSTON
SECRETARY AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
THE BAYCITY COMMERCIAL CLUB REC0MMEND8
RESERVE

BANK AT PORTLAND OREGON AS

IN THE PACI FI C NORTHWEST FOR

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL

T H IS

IS THE LOGICAL POINT

SUCH AN IN STITU TIO N KINDLY USE

INFLUENCE TO THI S END




EG

LANTZ,

PRESIDENT-

LTON,

SECRETARY
833PM

53

i ix .
5

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

1IGHT L E T T E R

Form 2289 B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
%

imrnBDADtTrn
IN C O R P O R A T E D

2 5 ,0 0 0 OFFICES IN AM ERICA

\

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

T his C om p an y TRANSMITS AS H v I )E L I V E R S m essa g es o n ly o n co n d it io n s lim iting- its lia b ilit y , w h ich h a v e been assen ted to b y th e sen d er o f th e fo llo w in g ' Night Letti
E rrors can be g u ard ed a g-atn^ M nly b y repeating- a messag-e b a ck to the sen d in g sta tion fo r com p a rison , and th e C om p an y w ill n o t h old Itse lf lia b le fo r e rr o rs o r d ela ys
tra n sm ission o r d e liv e r y o f TJnrepefiteil Nig-bt L e t t e r s , sen t a t red u ced rates, b ey on d a sum eq ual t o th e a m ou n t paid fo r tr a n s m is s io n ; n or in a n y ca se b ey on d th e sum
Fifty Dollars, a t w h ich , unless cp h erw ise sta ted beltgv, th is messag-e has b een v a lu e d by th e sen d er th e re o f, n o r in a n y ease w h ere th e cla im is n o t p resen ted in w riting- w ith in
sixty _d a y s a fte r th e m essa g e .^Jpljfed w ith th e C o m p a a j% o r tra n sm ission .
j
1NIGHT LE’^TElt^and jfe d e liv e r e d b y re q u e st o f the sender, u n d er th e co n d it io n s na m ed a b ov e.

THEO. N

VAJL, RB

«

>ENT

«

\

|

B E L V ID E R E CROOKS, G E N E R A L M AN A'

BAY C I T Y ORE DEC 29
HOj/

m

r

1913

V
G MCADOO
SECRETARY TREASURY WASHINGTON DC

THE B A Y-C ITY COMMERCIAL CLUB RECOMMENDS THE ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL
RESERVE BANK AT PORTLAND OREGON AS TH IS
IN THE P A C I F I C

NORTHWEST FOR SUCH AN I N S T I T U T I O N KINDLY USE

INFLUENCE TO T H IS

END

:A




I S THE LOGICAL POINT

G -LANT2
^r- w -

.

7

\9.\~ 8 33PM

PRES I DENT
M A HAMILTON

SECY

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National A rrives

U .C . C O E , P r e s id e n t ,




t ;A .

3A T H t R , ViQpPREfeioEHT,
*

C .S . HtfO«OiN. CasmikwJ

6-132

IJlto l ^ i
V

B fa lk

B e n d , O r e g o n ,

* /l 4 #

lion, \7m. Gr. McAdoo,
Secretary Treasury,
Washingt on, D . .0•
Sir:-

Central Oregon, comprising a
territory 200 lay four hundred miles,
and representing the greatest uiidevaloped
and "Last West” ,can only "be .served best
by a Ee&ional Beserye Bank at Portland*
■ ’

•

i

Mail leaves here onb day and
is in Portland the next;* * The trip to
Frisco v?oulfl require a week*
i

We voice the sentimjent of all
the Banks,vre are sure,in earnestly recommend­
ing your favorable consideration of Portland.
Please be assured that this
Bank v/ill apj)ly for membership at an
early date.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

CHKRRYVILLE COMMERCIAL CLUB
Thirty-two miles east of Portland, on the stage and auto­
mobile road to Mount Hood, Cherryville is prettily situated.
The new automobile road now building to Hood River, the
projected railroad to Mt. Hood and telephone lines now be­
ing constructed will soon be in Cherryville. It is a popular
health and summer resort, with a grand view of Mt. Hood
and the Cascade range, a paradise for the hunter and fish­
erman, and has an abundance of pure mountain water for
domestic and power purposes. On the Sandy river, half a
mile from Cherryville, a large dam and artificial lake is un­
der construction, which will be stocked with trout when
completed, and furnish ideal fishing and boating.
Cherryville has a good school and church, sanitarium,
sawmill, shingle mill, hotel, store and postoffice.
At an altitude of 1,100 feet, with heat enough to ripen
the fruit and cold enough to clear the atmosphere and soil
of injurious germs, Cherryville is admirably adapted for
raising fruit.




OFFICERS

FW A N K lM H O U tS, PSESIB e n t
J A S . BOTKINS,

^BB*PRESIDENT

►X Ft B R O O K S SECRETARY

Adjoining Cherryville are thousands
of acres of rich land awaiting develop­
ment, which may be had at nominal
prices, and are suitable for stock rais­
ing, dairying, fruit, hay, potatoes, grain
and root crops.

Cherryville needs a blacksmith shop and meat shop, and
building lots have been offered free- to parties starting cer­
tain kinds of business. Inducements offered to parties who
will buy tracts of land and build summer cottages.
The surrounding country needs farmers, fruit growers
gardeners and dairymen.
CLACKAMAS COUNTY
All parts of Clackamas county are excellent both in qual­
ity of soil and salubrity of climate, and all other qualities
which make ideal conditions for the habitation of ambitious
and industrious men and women. The fertility of the soil
is exceptionally good and produces in abundance all the
vegetable products of the temperate zones. Fruit, dairying,
poultry and stock raising are thriving industries. The aver­
age price of farm land is $100 per acre, and the average pro­
duction for wheat is 30 bushels and oats 45 bushels per acre.
In 1910 the population of the county wajs 29,931, the value
of property for taxation, $22,087,132; tax^sltKtid, $331,306.?

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Oregon

D evelopm ent L eague
“ M ore

P e o p le

on

F a rm s ”

Pr esident

TH E O .

B. W IL C O X ,

HE OREGON DEVELOPMENT LEAGUE is composed of the leading commercial
organizations of the sta te, w hose objects are :
To attract home builders to Oregon, through meritorious publicity.
To furnish authentic information to inquirers.
To aid homeseekers upon arrival, so they m ay be located to their advantage, and
be made to feel at home in their new environment.
To further improvement of farm roads and highw ays to meet requirements of the
incoming population.

Secretary-T reasurer

C. C. C H A P M A N ,
C h airm an

A.

F.

E xe c u tiv e

HOFER,

•Ch a i r m a n G o o d

Po r t l a n d

C o m m ittee

Salem

Ro a d s

W . S. W O R D E N ,

V ice-P r e s id e n ts

T

Po r t l a n d

C o m m ittee

KLAMATH f a l l s

C O M M E R C IA L

C LU B

M A P

O F

J. S. V AN W IN K L E ,
J O H N E. G R A TK E ,
WM. HAN LEY,

Albany

A s toria

B urns

B R U C E D E N N IS .

L aG r a n d e

W M . M . C O L V IG .

ME D F O R D

O R F G O N

sexz/n.
s i net. CHS

<H E RH !STON

u m A « r r r

t a

f.

W A L

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o vv A

THE DALLES

H j HOOD f
W ' \ p v « » ! CUFU°

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BAKER

M E T O LtU S
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P R /N E V /L lx

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SPRINGFIELD
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& L L E Y

V/£\U P O IN T

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Ce h t q a L p o i n t

. MEDFORD
'ASHLAND

K iA M A T H M IL S

T h e com m u n ities nam ed in th e a b o v e m ap are affiliated w ith th e w ork o f th e O r e g o n
D ev elop m en t L eag u e. In qu iries co n c e r n in g the r e s o u rc e s and o p p o rtu n itie s o f different
p a rts o f th e sta te s h o u ld b e a d d ressed to th e secreta ries o f th e local com m ercia l o r g a n ­

iAXEViSW

iz a tio n s. T h e y are w ell org a n ized to fu r n is h in form a tion a n d a d v e r t is in g m atter c o n ­
c e r n in g th eir ow n s e c t io n s , and will p rom p tly a n sw er all com m u n ica tio n s . C o n s u lt th e
m ap fo r p o s to ffice , and th e list b elow fo r nam e o f o rg a n iza tio n .

M EMBERS OF OREGON DEVELOPM ENT LEAGUE
Adams Commercial Association.
Albany Commercial Club.
Ashland Commercial Club.
Astoria Chamber o f Commerce.
Aurora Commercial Club.
Baker Commercial Club.
Bay City Commercial Club.
Bayocean Commercial Club.
Beaverton Commercial Club.
Bend Commercial Club.
Brownsville Commercial Club.
Burns Commercial Club.
Carlton Commercial Club.
Central Point Commercial Club.
Cherryville Commercial Club.
Condon Business Men’ s Association.
Coquille Commercial Club.
Corvallis Commercial Clkib.
Cottage Grove Commercial Club.
Cove Commercial Club.
Crescent Commercial Clu
Culver Development League.
.Dallas Commercial Clut
Dayton Commercial Club
Donald Commercial Clut
Dufur Development League.
Enterprise Commercial Club.
Estacada Commercial Club.




Eugene Commercial Club.
Falls City Commercial Club.
Forest Grove Commercial Club.
Ft. Klamath, Wood River Valley Cham­
ber of Commerce.
Gaston Improvement Club.
Glendale Commercial Club.
Grants Pass Commercial Club.
Gresham Commercial Club.
Halsey Commercial Club.
Hammond Development League.
Harrisburg Improvement Club.
H elix Commercial Association.
Heppner, Morrow Co. Booster Club.
Hermiston Commercial Club.
Hillsboro, Washington Co. Dev. League.
Hood River Commercial Club.
Houlton Commercial Club.
Independence Commercial Club.
Junction City Commercial Club.
Klamath Falls Chamber of Commerce.
Laidlaw Commercial Club.
La Grande Commercial Club.
Lakeview Commercial Club.
La Pine Commercial Club.
Madras Commercial Club.
Marshfield Chamber o f Commerce.
McMinnville Commercial Club.

Medford Commercial Club.
Metolius Commercial Club.
Monmouth1 Commercial Club.
Monroe Commercial Club.
Mosier Valley Commercial Club.
Mt. Angel Commercial Club.
Nehalem Commercial Club.
Newberg Commercial Club.
Newport Commercial Club.
North Bend Commercial Club.
North Plains Commercial Club.
Nyssa Commercial Club.
Oakland Commercial Club.
Ontario Commercial Club.
Oswego Commercial Club.
Oregon City Commercial Club.
Paisley Commercial Club.
Pendleton Commercial Association.
Philomath Commercial Club.
Portland, Oregon Development League.
Portland Commercial Club.
Portland Chamber of Commerce.
Port Orford Commercial Club.
Prairie City Commercial Club.
Prineville Commercial Club.
Riddle Development League.
Rolyat, Hampton Valley Improvement
Association.

Roseburg Commercial Club.
St. Helens Commercial Club.
St. Johns Commercial Club.
St. Paul Commercial Club.
Salem Board o f Trade.
Sandy Commercial Club.
Scholls, Com’ l Club of Portland’ s Garden
Seaside Commercial Club.
Sherwood Commercial Club.
Silver Lake Commercial Club.
Silverton Commercial Club.
Springfield Commercial Club.
Stanfield Commercial Club.
Sublimity Commercial Club.
Sutherlin Commercial Club.
Terrebonne Commercial Club.
The Dalles Business Men’ s Association
Tillamook Commercial Club.
Toledo Development League.
Union Commercial Club.
Viewpoint Homesteaders’ Association.
W am ic Development League.
Warrenton Development League.
West Stayton Commercial Club.
Yamhill Development Club.

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

8750

B i'u f u n € if

© s u it

O F C O R V A L L IS .
C A P ITA L A N D S U R P L U S
$ 75, 0 0 0 .0 0 .

r /y
Dee.

3 0 t h , 1913

U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P O S I T A R Y

The Honorable Secretary of the
Treasury,

Secretary of Agriculture

and Comptroller of the Currency.
Washington,

D .C .

S i r s :In behalf of our bank and this section of the
Willamette Valley and the State of Oregon, we wish
to endorse the application of the city of P i ________
Oregon for a regional bank of the northwefeT d i s t r i c
In support of this location permit us to say that
Portland is the most central, recognized fin a n c ia l
center of this great ter rito ry , being at present the
p rinc ip a l reserve city for all of Oregon, the greater
part of Washington, nearly the whole of Idaho, at
ieast three-forths of Montana and the western part
of Wyoming, also being as near, railroad connections
and a ll considered, to a good part of Utah as is San
Francisco.
This great expanse of territory with its
rapid increase of population and growth of production,
and in d u str ies, we f e e l , demands at your hands, recognition
in setting same aside as one of the reserve d i s t r i c t s ;
as we submit the placing of this large d is tr ic t to
gether with the four large states to the south in one
d i s t r i c t , with San Francisco as the established t)lace for
the federal reserve bank, w il l not serve the d is t r ic t as
is evidentMintended by the law ju st past.




When you consider that the great majority of
banks located in the State of Oregon are a distance
from San Francisco by nearest r a i l line connection
from seven hundred miles to twelve hundred m iles.
Necessarily most banks in the States of Washington,
Idaho and Montana being this far and many much farth er,
that with but one d i s t r ic t on the P a c if i c coast, the
one federal reserve bank would not be in s u f fi c ie n t ly
close proximity to render the best service p ossible,
hence we feel that you w ill certainly conclude that
there should be two P a c ifi c coast d i s t r i c t s .
This
being settled we think there can be no question but
that the federal reserve bank should and w ill be

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

8750

im tiTii

iBank
O F C O H V A L L iS .
C A P ITA L A N D S U R P L U S
$ 75, 0 0 0 .0 0 .

'farm/M.

& u ,

U N IT E D S T A T E S D E P O S I T A R Y

The Honorable Secretary of the
Treasury, Secretary of Agriculture
and Comptroller of the Currency.
Page 2.
located in either Portland or S e a ttle.
When you con^
sider carefully the ra il line connection between
Portland and the entire d is t r ic t to be served as
against this same r a i l line connection between
Seattle and the d is t r ic t to be served we think there
can be no question as to your fin a l decision in favor of
Portland.
However, we urge the craation of this north­
west d is t r ic t even regardless of where the federal r e ­
serve bank is to be located, for its location in Seattle
would even be much handier to nearly tue whole of this
great d istr ic t than would San Francisco.
The writer hereof speaks from his experience
of six years as National Bank Examiner of this northwest
d is t r ic t covering the States of Oregon, Washington, Idaho,
Montana and Wyoming as well as from years of experience
in the banking business of this S t a t e .




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

C A P IT A L

NO. 4301

FIRST

NA TIO NAL

BANK OF CORVALLIS

$ 6 0 ,0 0 0 .

COMMENCED

SU R PLU S

B U S IN E S S

O R G A N IZ E D
M. S.

W OODCOCK,

E . E . W IL S O N ,

V ice

Pr es id e n t

a n o

AS

N A T IO N A L B A N K

Atto r n e y

IN

$ 5 0 ,0 0 0

IN

1887

A
1890

Pr e s id e n t a n d At t o r n e y

A.

R.

W OODCOCK,

CASHIER

C.

H.

W OODCOCK,

As s is t a n t

ADDRESS

ALL

C O M M U N IC A T IO N S

TO

THE

C a sh ier

CORVALLIS, OREGON,

Feb.

4,

1914.

Reserve Bank Organization Committee,
Treasury Department,
Washington, D . C .
Gentlemen:
Answering your Form Card No. 7
f e e l that
it is impossible for us to give the proper views in such
condensed space on the card.
We do not claim that we know enough about the
proper place to locate the Federal Reserve Banks through­
out the United S t a t e s . We have only studied the condi­
tions West of the Rocky Mountains and in the P a c if i c Coast
states, and we believ e we understand the P a c i f i c Coast
states and also what is termed the states of the North­
west and their n e e d s .
/
We have no question in mind but what, accord- j
ing to the geographical d iv isio n , that the P a c i f i c Coas\k
states should be divided into two d i s t r ic t s , one compris­
ing the states of the Northwest including the states j6f
Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana and p ossibly Wyoming,
with the Federal Reserve Bank located at P o r t la nd ./O re g o n .
The largest part of the territory mentioned TjT’irfibutary
to Portland, and the tendency of that business is to come
to Portland; besides a large portion of that territory has
heretofore developed very slowly for lack of transportation
f a c i l i t i e s ,. the, same territory more recently has been
developing rapidly for the reason that steam railroads and
e lec tric lines are being b u i l t and planned through this
:country.
The development for the next few years w i l l no
|doubt be very large.
The other d is t r ic t should be situated with the
Federal Reserve Bank located in some city
as near San
Francisco as possible where the business w i l l not be i n ­
terrupted and destroyed for months at a time by a severe
earthquake.
San Francisco would naturally be the place
for that d i s t r i c t i f it were not that according to the ex­
periences of the past, for instance as near as I remember
in 1906 , the whole business of the city of San Francisco
was tied up for several months, shaken to the ground with
a severe earthquake.




BANK

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

# 2 -R B 0 C .
The writer was at a meeting in Portland on
the 30th of January where the examination of these ques­
tions was conducted by Secretary McAdoo and Secretary
Houston and many of the bankers examined there appeared
to concede that i f the P a c ifi c Coast states remained in
one d i s t r ic t that the Federal Reserve Bank would be lo ­
cated at San Francisco with a branch at Portia,nd.
The
question, however, of the probably interference of b u s i­
ness in San Francisco by the effec ts of an earthquake
was not considered.
For the reason of earthquake d i s ­
turbances there we think that in no event should the
Federal Reserve Bank be located in San Francisco.
If lo­
cated in C a lifo r n ia the place should be selected as near
San Francisco as possible where earthquakes have not
shaken the c i t i e s down frequently b e fo r e .
I f i t were not for the e ffec ts so well known of
the earthquake in San F r a n c i s c o ,i f the P a c if i c Coast states
were to be a l l in one d i s t r i c t we would naturally say our
f i r s t choice would be Portland, Oregon a$d second choice,
San Francisco but with that disaster in mind,our second
choice would be some city near San Francisco safe from the
effects of the earthquakes.
I f there is" only one d i s t r ic t made for the P a c ifi c
Coast states, however, owing to the dangers of business b e ­
ing interrupted by an earthquake in San Francisco and the
probable early growth of Portland and immediate territory
which in course of a few years w i l l place it to be beyond
the size and importance of San Francisco, we f e e l certain
that the. Federal Reserve Bank should be located at Portland,
with a branch in San Francisco and other c i t i e s .
The P a c if i c
Coast territory is so large that two d is tr ic t s should be
es ta blis h ed .
I t seems to me that if a few minor rulings were
made to malce it clear how the State banks could readily enter
the system, giving them time to adjust some differences
that applies to State
banks under State laws , such as the
amount that they are allowed to loan and a few other points,
giving them s u f f i c ie n t time to adjust these things after
they jo in the new system that there would be plenty of State
banks to come in so as to make the ca p ita l ample for two
districts.
In fa ct the P a c i f i c Coast states are re a l ly too
large in area to my notion to be w ell accommodated by two
jFederal Reserve Banks but the necessary capital probably
(cannot be provided for more than two d i s t r i c t s .
My idea is
that the Federal Reserve Banks should be located
not a
greater distance from the member banks than needful for
them to reach the Federal Reserve Bank in at least 12 or 1$
hours travel on a r a i l r o a d . It is said that branch banks
v/ill bridge over these distances but our experience in bank­
ing for over 2J years leads up to the conclusion that it is
impossible to do business with agents with the same f a c i l i t y
and understanding that is afforded by the parent in s t i t u t i o n .




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

# 3 -HBOC.




I am extremely sorry to perpetrate this
long coramunication upon you but there seems no other
way to express whav ought to "be expressed in regard to
the P a c if i c Coast territo ry.
Thanking you very kindly for your considera­
tion and trusting that no doubt the system w ill work
out and become quite a success,
Yours r e sp ectfu lly ,

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

JIGHT L E T T E R

ESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

CES IN A M ER IC A

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

_ ffdffiLTVJ^iiS messages only on conditions limiting Its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following N igh t L e tte r.
onlys\v Treating: a message back to the sending' station for comparison, and the Company will not hold Itself liable for errors or delays la
“ flit Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
Ited below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor In any case where the claim Is not presented In writing 'within
Company for transmission.
E K, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.

BELVIDERE BROOKS,

R e c e iv e d

GENERAL MANAGER

a t

F106CH FB 42 S i 1 EXTRA
J

1411
CORVALLIS ORE DEC 27 1913

DAVID F HOUSTON
SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
CORVALLIS COMMERCIAL CLUB URGES SELECTION
FOR REGIONAL RESERVE BANK PORTLAND

OF PORTLAND OREGON AS LOCATION

IS CENTRALLY LOCATED TO ACCOMMODATE

PAC IFIC NORTHWEST BUSINESS CORVALLIS BANKERS
AND

EVERY COMMERCIAL CLUB IN BENTON

LOCATION

COUNTY ENDORSES PORTLAND AS BEST

------------------ .

iA N bW E R E D i

C A MURPHY, iSECRETARY




:

r raw

ENDORSE PORTLAND EVERY BANKER

I
;

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

IIQHT L E T T E R

Form 2289 B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M ERICA

This Company T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting: its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following Nlffht Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold Itself liable for errors or delays in
tanftisniission or delivery of Uurcpeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case besMMl the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented l^^rlttng within
Bitty days after the message Is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.

THEO

N. VAIL, PRESIDENT

R e c e iv e d

BELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

at

F107CH FB 4 2 NL 1 EXTRA

1454

mG MCADOO

CORVALLIS ORE DEC 27 1913

' SECRETARY t r e a s u r y washn oc
CORVALLIS COMMERCIAL CLUB URGES SELECTION OF PORTLAND OREGON AS LOCATION
<*•
FOR REGIONAL RESERVE BANK PORTLAND IS CENTRALLY LOCATED TO ACCOMMODATE
PA C IFIC NORTHWEST BUSINESS CORVALLIS BANKERS ENDORSE PORTLAND EVERY BANKER
AND EVERY COMMERCIAL CLUB IN BENTON COUNTY ENDORSES PORTLAND AS BEST
‘ OCATION




944-HM

Niv/M

:

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

1IGHT L E T T E R

Fo rm 2289 B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

IN A M E R IC A

CADLE S E R V IC E TO ALL T H E W O R LD

This Company T R A N S M I T S a n c ftltE L lV E R S mess; es only on conditions limiting: its liability, which have been assented to by the sender o f the follow ing1 N ig h t L e t t e r .
Errors can bo guarded against \ n *Jby repeating: a mj sat'eJS&ck to the sending: station for comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itseti liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery ofS f\ ln rese*t45 Ntgrlit L etter:
t reduced rates,
suru equal to the amount paid for transm ission; nor in any case beyond the sum o f
F i f t y D o lla r s , at which, uWess o A e iP fs e stated bel
rssag-e h a * b e e n M ^ ie d by^he sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in w rit in g within
sixty days after the m e s s a p & M lc lw ttti the C o m m n s li# trai
ission.
"»
* i :p i :a jk :i > » , u t iAi . je m t , and i
livered byjgjP iest o f the sender, under the conditions named above.

TH EO jN

VA®., F^^O jftsiT

\ca
13CH

/

\

B ELV IDE R E

D R O O K S , GE N E R A L M A N AG ER

141

.A T

EXA,

i107 NL

A SALEM
\

DALLAS OREGON DEC 29

1913

HON DAVID L HOUSTON
SECY AGRICULTURE WASHN. DC
DALLAS COMMERCIAL CLUB DALLAS OREGON MEMBER CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF
UNITED STATES URGES EARNEST CONSIDERATION
OF PORTLAND OREGON AS LOGICAL
LOCATION FOR ONE OF REGIONAL
RESERVE BANKS UNDER NEW CURRENCY
B I L L PORTLAND IS LUGICAL BANKING
CENTER OF THE GREAT NORTHWEST
IS CENTRALLY LOCATED IS EASILY
ACCESSIBLE FROM ALL DIRECTIONS PORTLAND
IS A C I T Y OF PROGRESS
AND BUSINESS ENTERPRISE IS WELL
EQUIPPED WITH TRANSPORTATION F A C I L I T I E S AND
IS THE GATEWAY THROUGH
WHICH M IL L IO N S OF DOLLARS WORTH OF
PRODUCE PASSES GOING FROM THE
INLAND PARTS OF THE GREAT
NORTHWEST TO THE MARKETS OF
THE WORLD THE SLECTION OF
PORTLAND WOULD MEET WITH POPULAR
APPROVAL IN THE-NORTHWEST ,
i7
y
_




"

^WALTER L TOOZE JR
555AM

SECY DALLAS COMMERCIAL CLUB
=

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

/ ^

v

si ki

<p>

i..

UsujL#

,bL^ ^yvt\ j(X




%^^-y

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Jaxraary 5, 1914*

lo a r S ir :

Thatik you for your letafl vlohot for
tha Hew
which

wtiiok | hwortliy appraclat#, and
n» to reciprocate*.

«ey fc*

mure that to* claim* of Portland, Or#gcm, for
tl» location of a regional res«rv« twuak will
m m tm ail oonaidoratlow fecffer* a doftalto
d«ol«loa la readied %




th» CowaltUo*

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TIGHT LETTER

P“ B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M E R IC A

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This Company T R A N S M IT S ai»d D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting: its liability, -which have been assented to by the sender of the following: Nl*ht Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delay* in
ransmlssion or delivery of IJnrepeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond & sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor In any ease where the claim is not presented in writing within
Sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an IJ N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.

THEO

N . VAIL, PRESIDENT

BELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

R

e c e iv e d a t
F180CH RA 21 NL 4 EX

1 4 5 8

THE OALLES OGN OEC 27 1913

✓

WILLIAM MCA0 0 0
SECY TREASY WASHINGTON DC
WE HEARTILY ENDORSE PORTLAND OREGON AS BEING FINANCI ALLY AND
GEOGRAPHICALLY A PROPER LOCATION FOR REGIONAL RESERVE BANK




OALLES BUSINESS MENS ASSN
JUDD S FIS H XSECRETARY

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

^

Form 2289 B

LIGHT L E TTE R

thelnW e s t e r n

u n io n

teleg raph

com pany

in c o r p o r a t e d

>,000 foFFICES IN A M E R IC A

C A B L t SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

T h i#rf& ?S A n^ T R A N S> IJpft and D E L I V E R S messages only on conditions limiting* its liability, which have been assented to by the sender o f the following: N iffh t L e tte r *

lEiTdjfc car®a#fi:uarded aj f t ^ t only by^,opcating• a message back to the sending: station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays In
tranlmijpilb orldelivery of J f^ f| to ca t< x l^ (is:h t Letters* sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
Wojpirfcft^it which, iin||f^cCrh»t^vi9p stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where tho claim ts not presented In writing: within
l^aftcr^thc in cs s » e is filcfr w it y h e Company for transmission.
’ ^ ’ JE P jp ^ T E D N i p ^ T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, tinder the conditions named above.
B E L V I D E R E B R O O K S , G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

i 9 ^ v e f e A/ 21 NL 4 EXTRA
/
s/THE DALLES ORE DEC 27 1913
OAVIS F HOUSTON
SECY AGRICULTURE

WSHN DC

WE HEARTILY ENDORSE PORTLANO OREGON
CALLY A PROPER LOCATION FOR REGIONAL

AS BEING FINANCIALLY AND GEORGRAPH
RESERVE BANK

THE DALLES BUSINESS MENS ASSN
JUD S FISH
136 AM




SECY

Reproduced from the Unclassified

I Declassified

Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

HT L E TTE R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

25,0(

ES IN

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Company T R j
Errors can be guard
transinjMiww*^! delivery j
FlftjpflDollar8,Vt whig
eiTcm dstys after lhe messa

D E U V E K S y ^ s s a g e s only on conditions limiting’ its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following: N ig h t L e t t e r ,
y by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
5tl N ig h J ^ L e tte rs, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
therwise ataJfG below, this message has been valued by the sender th^feof, nor m jy w case where the claim is not presented in writing within
le d with thi
mpany for transmission.
j
I {
N IG
ITTER, and is delivered by request of the sender, under tbk ocsidltidEs named above.
*RESI DE NT j
(J
*
BELVIDER& BROOM00GENERAL MANAGER

.

- .

...................—

1 exa.- via^Ifatette
J

DAYTON .0RE..31M

HOH G MGADOO
SECY TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
THE DAYTON COMMERCIAL CLUB EARNESTLY SOLICIT. YOUR OON31 DERATION
FOR PORTLAND OREGON AS ONE OF ‘THE. NAT IQNAL RESERVE BANKS PORTLAND
BEING THE GREAT COMMERCIAL CENTER OF-OREGON AND THE PACIFIC
NORTH TEST WE ’ BELIEVE: JUST I FI ES SUCH

ASPIRAT IONS

0 B RIPPEY




SECY.

I

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

JH8HT L E T T E R

Fo rm 2289 B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

Ih is Company T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting* its liability* which have been assented to by the sender o f the following* Night Letter,
trru rs c<tu be guarded ayaiust only by repeating- a message back to the sending* station for comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery o f TJuxepeated Nigrht Letters, sent at reduced rates, bevond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission ; nor in any case beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollar*. at which, unless otherwise stated below, this messafre has been valued by the sender th y r ^ f, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in w riting within
sixty days after the message ia filed with the Company for transmission.
i
■ IJ/
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L tE T T E K , and la delivered b y request o f the sendei, under th^ronditions named above.

E 3 E L V I D E R E B F J Q O K S , G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

T H E O . N . V A I L , P R E S ID E N T

380
R e c e iv e d a t
!V88 CH-36. N L' 1 EXA'VIA LAFAYETTE
DAYTON ORE 31<-1
HON DAVID L HOUSTON
SECY AGRICULTURE

WASHINGTON DC

THE DAYTON COMMERCIAL CLUB EARNESTLY SOLICIT. YOUR CONS IEGRAT ION
TOR PORTLAND OREGON AS ONE OF *HE, NATIONAL RESERVE' BANKS PORTLAND
BEING THE GREAT COMMERCIAL CENTER OF OREGON AND THE PACIFIC
,NORTHWEST WE'EELIEVS:JUSTIFIES SUCH




ASPIRATIONS

a n s w e r e d

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

I0HT LE TTE R

TERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

O FFICES IN A M E R IC A

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

rT R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following Might Letter.
' guardedffeainst only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
rdelivery < m 'Unrepeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
, at whichMnless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within
;the mesftge is filed with the Company for transmission.
iU N R I5#fcA T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
P r e s id e n t
BELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

i E C B (V E D

AT

IC H X TR

41 NL

4 EXTRA

1342

ENTERPRISE ORE DEC 3 0 1913 V1
WM G MCADOO
TREASURY

WASHN DC

THE ENTERPRISE COMMERCIAL CLUB URGES
OREGON AS LOCATION FOR ONE OF
A BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL CENTER
BASE IN OREGON WASHINGTON AND

FAVORABLE CONSIDERATION OF PORTLAND

REGIONAL RESERVE BANKS PORTLAND IS
FOR THE COLUMBIA AND SNAKERIVER
IDAHO

A L M IL L E R
PRESIDENT CARL ROE SECY
1 224AM




i 9 tA

/

A

S

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

■ilGHT L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

.25,000 O FFICES IN A M ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This Company T R A N S M I T S n nl D E L I V E R S messages only on conditions limiting: its liability, which have been assented to by the sender o f the following: N i g h t L e t t e r .
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating- a message hack to the sending’ station for comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery o f lin r c p e a t c d S i g h t L e tte r s , sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transm ission; nor in any ease beyond the sum o f
F i f t y D o lla r s , at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any ease where tho claim is not presented In writing: within
sixty days atter the mrssatre is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an IX N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request o f the sender, under the conditions named above.

THEO

N . V A I L , PRESIDENT

B C L V I D E R E B R O O K S , GENERAL MANAGER

h

J lK c S ,v W A T
97 NL
4 "iEXTRA
EUGENE ORE DEC 27 1913
HON WM G MCADOO
SECY OF TREASURY

WASHINGTON DC

EUGENE BANKERS AND ALL COMMERCIAL
TO URGE SELECTION OF PORTLAND

INTERESTS OF TH IS SECTION DESIRE

AS LOCATION OF REGIONAL RESERVE

BANK SINCERELY BELIEVING THAT IT

IS THE LOGICAL BANKING CENTER

AND WOULD SERVE LARGER TERRITORY

WITH CONVENIENCE THAN ANY OTHER

C ITY

IN THE NORTHWEST WE

BELIEVE THAT THE RAPIDLY DEVELOPING

NORTHWEST IS ENTITLED TO A
THE OUTLET FOR THE GREAT
DESIRABLE LOCATION

REGIONAL BANK AND THAT PORTLAND..

/

COLUMBIA BASIN IF THE MOST

BANKERS HERE FEEL

AND FURTHER NORTH THAN PORTLAND

’ ;
....

THAT LOCATION OF RESERVE .BANK

WOULD SERVE THEM NO MORE

..

— ~

CONVENIENTLY THAN SANFRANCISCO
LUKE L GOODRICH




PRESIDENT EUGENE COMMERCIAL CLUB

202AM

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

JIGHT L E T T E R

Fom
S28,B

STERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

:S IN A M ER IC A

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

tVNSMIT^^i&d DEtfcVER S messages only on conditions limiting1its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following Night Letter.
' ’st only by npeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays ia
ipeated Nilrbt Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
_ therwise stanad below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any ease where the claim is not presented in writing within
tiled with the Company for transmission.
2D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the oonditions named above.

BELVIDERE BROOKS,

S ID E N T

R e c e iv e d

G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

at

F99CH FB 30 NL
/
^GRANTS PASS ORE DEC 2? 1913
DAVID F HOUSTON
SECRETARY AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
PORTLAND OREGON MOST LOGICAL NORTHWEST CENTER OF REGIONAL RESERVE BANK
GrtANTSPASS COnJivlERC IAL CLUB AND C IT IZ E N S GENERALLY OF T H IS SECTION OF
STATE RECOMMEND AND ENDORSE PORTLANDS CLAIMS FOR ITS LOCATION THERE




GRANTS PASS COMMERCIAL CLUB

.......

930PM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

J ll G H T L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M ERICA

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This Company T R A N S M IT S ami D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following Kttrbt Letter.
Errors can bo guarded against only b.v repeating a message back to the sending: station for comparison, and the Company will not hold Itself liable for errors or delays in
wansmission or delivery of Unrcpeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by tho sender thereof, nor in any case where tho claim is not presented tn writing: within
Sixty days after the niesaape is filed with the Company for transmission.
^This is an U N R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.

THEO

N. VAIL,

BELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

P R E S ID E N T

*/ - $ 9 3

R e c e iv e d a t
I-9SGH FB 3 0 NL

// J1 JO w •?'

GRANTS PASS ORE DEC 27 1913

,

'

l6 U;

WILLIAM G MCA000
SECRETARY TREASURY WASHN DC
PORTLAND OREGON MOST LOGICAL NORTWEST

CENTER OF REGIONAL RESERVE BANK

GRANTSPASS uOMMERUIAL CLUB AND C IT IZ E N S
STATE RECOMMENQ AND ENDORSE PORTLANDS




GENERALLY OF T H IS SECTION OF
CLAIMS FOR ITS LOCATION THERE

GRANTS PASS COMMERCIAL CLUB

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

■ilQHT L E T T E R

TERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

O FFICES IN A M ERICA

N SM IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting: its liability, which nave been assented to by the sender of the following: Night. Letter.
__ Irded against only by repeating: a message back to the sending: station for coinmrif-o.n, and the Company will not hold itself liable for en-ors or delays in
>r delivery of Vnrepeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to ti.c a nouut paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender shereoi. aor in any case where tho claim is not presented in writing” within
ie message is filed with the Company for transmission.
ei U N R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under i ie conditions named above.

yBELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

V A I L , P R E S ID E N T

De c

e iv e d a t

F302GH LY 4 4 NL

202i

A NSW c.R EEDi

HEPPNER OREGON DEC 31

1913

e

HON WILLIAM G MCADOO
SECY TREASY WASHN DC
WE EARNESTLY RECOMMEND AND ENDORSE
OF PORTLAND AS A LOCATION

■QRM '

/

FOR YOUR CONSIDERATION THE C ITY

FOR ONE OF THE REGIONAL

BANKS UNDER THE NEW CURRENCY

LAW WHICH ON ACCOUNT OF

ITS LOCATION FINANCIAL PRESTIGE

IS

WE BELIEVE THE BEST LOCATION

FOR THE P A C IF IC NORTHWEST




i

HEPPNER COMMERCIAL CLUB

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

JIGHT L E T T E R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN CO RPO RATED '

25,pp 0 OFFICERS IN A M ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

®hls Company TRANTOHTS and D E L IV E R S Messages only on conditions limiting- Its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following’ Niffht L et te r s- V
Errors can be guarded we-alnst only baft'epeatinrf a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold Itself liable for errors or delays In
cmnsmission or delivery of \Jprepeate<l/rv'ig'ht Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor In any case beyond the sum of
D ollars, at which, unlej&‘otherwise stat*d befyw, this message has been valued by the gender thereof, nor in any case where the claim Is not presented in writing: within
sixty days after the message iflpnled wtU|fthe C#iupiu for transmission.
This is an U N E E P E A T E b NIGStlT l- t f » T E t, and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.

7

THEO

N

VAIL,

B E L V ID E R E

1,

0&

12 0 3'

30 AM

D R O O K S , GE N E R A L M A N A G E R

12 $ 3

4' txT R A

~~!i‘

r.0 I ONE

OGN DEC 3 9 - 1 3

~

f

...y—--1

m

G MCADOO , SECTY TREASY
WAS UN DC

WE BELIEVE THAT PORTLAND OREGON
REGIONAL RESERVE BANK FOR. THE
YOU SELECT THAT C I T Y FOR

MOST LOGICAL PLACE TO ESTABLISH
NORTHWEST AND RESPECTFULLY REQUEST THAT

LOCATION OF SAI D UANK PORTLAND

IS NATURAL D I S T R I B U T IN G CENTER FOR
WEST

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF ENTIRE NORTH­

CENTER RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED

1914

IONA COMMERCIAL CLUB
J T KNAPPENBERG PRESIDENT

OR|VjC)\ o




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

JIOHT L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN A M E R IC A

CACLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

:R , andls dsjlyered by requeit of the sender, under the conditions named above.

BELVIOERE DROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

C2'ACH MR 50 ML FOUR EXTRA

\y

1 2 1 1

I0NE,OREGON DEC 2 9 -1 3

DAVID R HOUSTON
SECY OF AGRI CULTURE,'
WASHRIGTON.D C
WE BELIEVE-THAT PORTLAND OREGOM
REGIONAL RESERVE BANK FOR THE
YOU SELECT.

THAT C ITY FOR

MOST LOGICAL PLACE TO ESTABLISH
NORTHWEST AND RESPECTFULLY REQUEST THAT

LOCATION OF SAID BANK PORTLAND

IS NATURAL • D I.STR I BUT I MG CENTER FOR

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTS OF ENTIRE NORTH­

WEST THEREFORE NATURAL BANKING CENTER RESPECTFULLY

»M.| r«

W

1.133PM




i X* Si

4

SUBMITTED

!|!*L CLUB
I

or ni

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

IfOHT L E T TE R

Form 2289 B

TERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

O FFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following- Night Letter,
against only by repeating a message back to the sending: station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays la
Unrepeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum ot
, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing: Within
age is filed with the Company tor transmission.
'E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.

BELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAGER

AIL, P r e s id e n t

R e c e iv e d

at

„*f 279CH PS 28 NL 3 EX

1970

v- KLAMATH FALLS 'OREGON DEC 31

13

VW G MCADOO
SECRETARY TREASURY WASHN DC
BUSINESS MEN OF KLAMATH COUNTY

OREGON THROUGH KLAMATH CHAMBER OF

COMMERCE RESPECTFULLY URGE ESTABLISHING REGIONAL
ACCOUNT BEING




BANK PORTLAND OREGON

LOGICAL BANKING CENTER P A C IF IC NORTHWEST
KLAMATH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
LEWIS WYLDE SECRETARY
325A

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

.MIGHT L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M ER IC A

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Cosapany T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S ®eltf$age^/>n|y on p&tilttina' limiting Its liability, which have been assented to by tho sender of the following Night Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating & message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company wiii not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Night Letters,' sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor In any 'ease beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within
sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions namod above.

THEO . N. VAIL,

BELVIDERE BROOKS,

P R E S ID E N T

R e c e iv e d

GENERAL. M A N A G E R

at

F278CH PS 28 NL 3 EX
KLAMATH t m

OREGON DEC 31 13

DAVID F HOUSTON
SECRETARY AGRICULTURE
BUSINESS MEN OF KLAMATH COUNTY




/

WASHN DC

OREGON THROUGH KLAMATH CHAMBER OF

COMMERCE RESPECTFULLY URGE ESTABLISHING REGIONAL
ACCOUNT BEING

' /
F orm A

BANK PORTLAND OREGON

LOGICAL BANKING CENTER P A C IF IC NORTHWEST
KLAMATH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
LEWIS WYLDE SECRETARY

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

NIQHT L E T T E R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Company T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limitin'; its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following? Night Letter.
Kitoj-s e,.j> be guarded agaiust only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery of Unrepeuted Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any ease beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise slated below, this message has been valued by the seudor thercof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within
sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an IJN R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request o f the sender, under the conditions named above.
THEO . N. VAIL, PR E S ID E N T
BELVIDERE BROO ~ G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

toopi,

R

/

e c e iv e d a t

F238CH FC

45 N L

1585

1/ LAGRANOE OGN

JAN 5 14

DAVID T HOUSTON
-SECTY AGRICULTURE
WASHINGTON D C
IN BEHALF OF BANKING AND BUSINESS INTERESTS OF LAGRANOE AND UNION COUNTY
WISH TO ENDORSE PORTUND OREGON CLAIMS FOR REGIONAL RESERVE

BANK AS WE

FEEL THAT OUR INTERESTS COULD BEST BE SERVED THERE PORTLAND IS THE NATURAL
GATEWAY FOR EASTERN OREGON AND COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN
jA N S W 'E R E D f




3m

LAGRANDE COMi.iERCI AL CLUB
237AM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

|i'orm 2289 B

NIGHT L E T T E R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Company T R A N S M IT S and D E I.IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following- Night tetter;
Errors ean be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays ia
transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Night Letters, sent- at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amouut paid for transmission; nor in any ease beyond the sura of
■Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within
sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This ts an U N R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
B E L V I D E R E B R O O K S , GENERAL MANAGER
THEO. N. VAIL, P R E S ID E N T

6 ' B E<f i I V E D ^)T NL

4 EXTRA

LAGRANDE ORE JANY 3 1 9 1»
WM G MCADOO

v

f
'J) K

1 4 0

SECY TREASURY

4

7 31

WASHN DC

ON BEHALF OF BANKING AND . BUSINESS INTERESTS OF LAGRANDE ANO
UNION COUNTY WISH TO ENDORSE
RESERVE BANK AS WE FEEL

PORTLANO OREGON CLAIM FOR REGIONAL

THAT OUR INTERESTS COULD BEST

BE SERVED THERE PORTLANO IS

THE NATURAL GATEWAY FOR EASTERN

OREGON AND ENTIRE COLUMBIA RIVER

BASIN

LAGRANDE COMMERCIAL CLUB
J R WILLIAMSON SECY

70 4A M




Form

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

F orm 2289 B

IGHT L E T T E R

T H E ^ E tfT E R N UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
* 4

“

W

*

IN C O R P O R A T E D

O FFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This JK>mi5||e3r TRATSJfBlITS and D E L I V E R S messages only on conditions limiting- its liability, which aavc been assented to by the sender o f the following- N ig h t L e t t e r .
E rrgraean-be g-uardJr ai?ainst only by repeating a message back to the sending: station for compari? on, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable tor errors or delays in
iniisfiiojKptf’ d e liv e r jjo f U n r e p e a t e d N ig h t L e tte r s , sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to tlic a nount jKiid for transm ission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
y D o u r i , at whjJft, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender -hereoi aor in any case where the claim is not presented in w riting within
y dajjs Ikfter the jjF ssagtt is (lied with the Company tor transmission.
Thp^is an U S m l I 'K A I E H JV IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered b y request o f the sender, under i ie conditions naniod above.

O^N .

R

yJftL,

P r e s id e n t

b e lv id e r e .

42 NL 5 EXA V IA

BEND
LAP1NE OREGON DEC 31

HON

g e n e ra l m anager

1989

e c e iv e d a t

285
F293CH LY

b ro o k s ,

1913

mG MCADOO
SECY TREAS

WASHN DC

OWING TO PORTLAND SUPERIOR LOCATION
P A C IF IC NORTHWEST AS A FINANCIAL
URGE UPON YOU THAT YOU
AT TH IS TIME A NATIONAL

AMONG THE C IT IE S OF THE
AND BUSINESS CENTER WE STRONGLY

CAUSE TO BE-EST a BLISHED THERE
RESERVE

BANK

LAP INE COMMERCIAL CLUB
BY ALFONSE W AYA SECY
-u .C

1314

^
-ORM




j

408AM

.... .

j

........J
I

i

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

LA PINE COMMERCIAL CLbrt
C. Hanenkratt, ‘President. Frank Johnson, First Vice-President, Ivan Shultz, Second Vice- 'President
A . Raper, *Cbird Vice-President, Alphonse W . Aya, Secretaty-97reasurer

LA ‘PINE, OREGON

‘Directors
C. Hanenkratt
A . Raper

\

Frank Johnson
loan Shah*
W . F . Arnold
P. B . Beal
Jttphome W . Aya

.

..•-f
!

r
Hon. VTillia m

G. KoAdoo,

Secretary o f Treasury, j
Washington,

5

S
L-

;
—

D. c.

Dear S i r :
On the Slat- ultimo * we sent you a night letter
as follow s;
"Owing to P o rtla n d fs superior location
among the c i t i e s of the B a c ifio northwest, as
a f i n a n c i a l and business center, we strongly
urge upon you that
you cause to he established
there-, at this time, a National Reserve B a n k .”
We trust that this matter w ill have vour best
attention
Bery t r u ly yours.
AWA/S

Jan.




La Pijfia C ^ m e r c i a l

5,

1914.

Club.

I

v

)

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

O h :g o n D e v e l o p m e n t L

ague

“ More People on F arm s”
P R ES ID EN T

THEO. B. W ILCO X,
S e c r e t a r y -T r e a su r er

C. C. CH APM AN,
C h a ir m a n

e x e c u t iv e

A. F. HOFER,
C h a ir m a n G o o d

PO RTLAN D

c o m m it t e e

salem

R o a d s C o m m it t e e

W. S. WORDEN.

V i c e - P r e s id e n t s

TTHE OREGON DEVELOPMENT LEAGUE is composed of ihe leading commercial
A organizations of the state, whose objects are:
To attract home builders to Oregon, through meritorious prf&uijy.'? Qp.
To furnish authentic information to inquirers.
fa
^9/u
To aid homeseekers upon arrival, so they may be located to their ad^ji|ag^'apd
be made to feel at home in their new environment
To further improvement of farm roads and highway^
eet requirements^'
incoming population.

Po r tlan d

KLAM ATH f a l l s

J. S. VAN W IN K LE ,
JOHN E. GRATKE,
WM. H A N LE Y.

A l ia n y

A s t o r ia

Burns

BRUCE D E NN IS ,

LaGrande

WM. M. COLV1G,

M edford

*

C O M M E R C IA L CLUB M A P OF O R E G O N
ISTORIA

MOULTON*

ST. HELENS

'HERMISTON

S A Y OCEAN

THE OALLEi

_

lI h o o d
{TILLAMOOK

CO . SAND Y . i j H n V Z f t
„ OREGON C /T Y .
Y ^ IL t E
• FSTACAQA
(ALD

PA.ULt

D U FU R

MO

ft .H o W

y '

HEPPNER

(

)

s

LA GRANDE

U

N

W A L L O W A
•ENTERPRISE

i

J

(

) LA 0 K A MA s

IA U P /N

-------

\LLAS
rA /D E N t
BAKE R

Hfwponr)
M E T O LIU S

s h a n

~r

c/rv

CANYON CITY*
\ONNE •

P R /N E V /U T

-D M O N O

ONTARIO

SPRINGFIELD

. COTTAGE GROVE
•R O IV A T

. LA P IN E

UfcSjpc

BURNS

OREGON

SUTHERUN

VIEWPOINT

LLE Y

■SILVER/LAME

>RIDDLE

nonFC

>ASHLAND

KLAM ATH F A U S

C A L I F O R N

LAKEVIEW

I A.

The communities named in the above map are affiliated with the work o f the O regon
Development League. Inquiries concerning the resources and opportunities o f different
parts of the state should be addressed to the secretaries o f the local commercial organ­

izations. Th ey are well organized to furnish information and advertising matter c o n ­
cerning their own sections, and will promptly answer all com munications. Consult the
map for postoffice, and the list below for name of organization.

M EM BER S OF OREGON D E V ELO P M EN T LEAGU E
Adam s Com m ercial A ssociation .
Alban y Com m ercial Club.
Ashland Com m ercial Club.
A storia Cham ber o f Com m erce.
A urora Com m ercial Club.
B aker Com m ercial Club.
B ay C ity C om m ercial Club.
B a yocean Com m ercial Club.
B eaverton C om m ercial Club.
Bend Com m ercial Club.
B row n sville C om m ercial Club.
Burns C om m ercial Club.
Canyon C ity C itizen s’ L eague.
Carlton C om m ercial Club.
Central P oin t C om m ercial Club.
C h erryville Com m ercial Club.
C'ondon B usiness M en’ s A ssociation .
Coquille C om m ercial Clu
C orvallis C om m ercial Club.
C ottage G rove C om m ercial Club.
Cove C om m ercial Club.
Crescent Com m ercial Clu
C ulver D evelopm ent League.
D allas C om m ercial Clufc
D ayton Com m ercial Clu
D onald C om m ercial Cluh
D ufu r V a lley D evelopm ent League.
E nterprise C om m ercial Club.




Estacada C om m ercial Club.
Eugene C om m ercial Club.
Falls C ity C om m ercial Club.
Forest G rove Com m ercial Club.
Ft. K lam ath , W ood R iv e r V a lle y Cham ­
ber o f Com m erce.
G aston Im provem en t Club.
G lendale C om m ercial Club.
Grants Pass C om m ercial Club.
Gresham C om m ercial Club.
H alsey C om m ercial Club.
H am m ond D evelopm ent League.
H arrisbu rg Im provem en t Club.
H e lix Com m ercial A ssociation .
H eppner, M orrow Co. B ooster Club.
H erm iston Com m ercial Club.
H illsb oro, W ash in g ton Co. Dev. League.
H ood R iv er Com m ercial Club.
H oulton Com m ercial Club.
Independence Com m ercial Club.
Junction C ity C om m ercial Club.
K lam ath F a lls Cham ber o f Com m erce.
I.aidlaw C om m ercial Club.
La Grande Com m ercial Club.
Lakeview Com m ercial Club.
La P ine C om m ercial Club.
M adras C om m ercial Club.
M arshfield Cham ber o f Com m erce.

M aupin C om m ercial Club.
M cM innville C om m ercial Club.
M edford Com m ercial Club.
M etolius C om m ercial Club.
M onm outh C om m ercial Club.
M onroe C om m ercial Club.
M osier V a lle y Com m ercial Club.
Mt. A n g el Com m ercial Club.
N ehalem C om m ercial Club.
N ew berg C om m ercial Club.
N ew port Com m ercial Club.
N orth Bend C om m ercial Club.
N orth Plains Com m ercial Club.
N yssa C om m ercial Club.
Oakland C om m ercial Club.
O ntario Com m ercial Club.
Oregon C ity C om m ercial Club.
O sw ego C om m ercial Club.
P a isley Com m ercial Club.
Pendleton Com m ercial A ssociation .
P hilom ath Com m ercial Club.
P ortland, Oregon D evelopm ent League.
Portland Com m ercial Club.
Portland Cham ber o f Com m erce.
Port O rford Com m ercial Club.
Prairie C ity C om m ercial Club.
P rin eville C om m ercial Club.
R edm ond Com m ercial Club.

R iddle D evelopm ent League.
R o ly a t, H am pton V a lle y Im p. Assn.
R oseburg Com m ercial Club.
St. H elens C om m ercial Club.
St. Johns Com m ercial Club.
St. P aul C om m ercial Club.
Salem B oard o f T rad e.
Sandy Com m ercial Club.
Scholls, Com ’ l Club o f P ortlan d ’ * Garden
Seaside Com m ercial Club.
Sherw ood C om m ercial Club.
Silver Lake C om m ercial Club.
S ilverton C om m ercial Club.
S p rin g fie ld C om m ercial Club.
S tan field Com m ercial Club.
Sublim ity C om m ercial Club.
Rutherlln C om m ercial Club.
T errebonn e Com m ercial Club.
Th e D alles B usiness M en’ s A ssociation .
T illam ook C om m ercial Club.
T oledo D evelopm ent L eague.
U nion C om m ercial Club.
V iew p oin t H om estead ers’ A ssociation .
W a m ic D evelopm ent League.
W arrenton D evelopm ent League.
W est Stayton C om m ercial Club.
W o lf Creek Com m ercial Club.
Y a m h ill D evelopm ent Club.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

LA PINE COMMERCIAL CLUrt
C. Hanenkratt, ‘President. Frank Johnson, First Vice-President,
Ivan Shultz, Second Vice-President
A . Raper, cUbird Vice-President, Alphonse W . Aya, Secretary-treasurer

L A T IN E , OREGON

‘Directors
C. Hanenkratt
A . Raper
Frank Johnson
b a n Shultz
ty . F. Arnold
P . B. Beal
jilphonse W . Aya

Form
Hon.

David P. Houston.

Secretary of Agricultu re.
Washington, D. C.
Dear S i r :
Owing to f o r t l a n d *& superior location among the
c i t i e s o f 't h e P a c i f i c Northwest, as a fin a n c ia l and business
center, we

strongly urge upon you that

you cause to be

established there at th is time, a l a t i o n a l Reserve Bank.
Very truly yours,
awa/s

Jan,

5,

1914.

(a n s w e r e d




Reproduced from the Unclassified

I Declassified

Holdings of the National Archives

O r e g o n D e vi. e l o p m e n t L
■ '--- ;

(\ ; ■

'■

'

V

:

•• -

•

‘ •More People on F arm s”

■■■■■■■■■

ague
.

PR ES ID EN T

THEO. B. W ILCO X,

HE OREGON DEVELOPMENT LEAGUE is composed of the leading commercial
organizations of the,state, whose objects are:
To attract home builders to Oregon, through meritorious publicity.
To furnish authentic information to inquirers.
'
"
To aid homeseekers upon arrival, so they may be located to their advantage, and
be made to feel at home in their new environment.
To further improvement of farm roads and highways to meet requirements of the
incoming population.

S e c r e t a r y -T r e a s u r e r

C. C. CHAPM AN,
C H AIR M A N

PO RTLAND

EX EC U TIVE COM MITTEE

A. F. HOFER,
C h a ir m a n G o o d

Sa le m

roads

W. S. WORDEN,

v ic e -p r e s id e n t s

T

Po r tlan d

c o m m it t e e

KLAM AT H F A L LS

J. S. VAN W IN K LE ,
JO HN E. GRATKE,
WM. HAN LE Y.

Albany

A s t o r ia

Burns

'

BRUCE DENN IS,

L aGr ande

WM. M. CO LVIG .

M edfo rd

C O M M E R C IA L CLUB M A P O F O R E G O N
ASTORIA

H'ARfter

;o)_u,viaiA
H O l/L T O N '\ iT.HF.LENS

H E R M IS T O N
•A D A M S

V maW T l
bayocean

I

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r | a S « W « t fc ..s«/w>y

« /g

v/fy/aio

1

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L ,
'JiN tH'

enterprise

.

» OREGON CITY .CHteny jiLLC |

wiraeRc

•£ S TA C A O A

;

L A GRANDE
ri

j

rlEHHAI

rawav

L

IL L M A l

AO KA M A

1 A U P /N

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J/NOEPeND
ENCp^-I
A r?

O A K tR

HOUTH jVI „

\A f A D f f ,

#fwpmr\

'Mimnl

•(■I

M E T O LIU S
•P R A lR lE C tT V

CANYONCiTY'

/ / A lS f Y
TERREBONNE •

PR /N EV ILLE

fit£ D M O H O
LA ID LAW*

O N T A R IO

SPRING FIELD

A IY S S A .
COTTAGE GROVE

IRMTIEU)

SUTHERUN

CENT
OREG

BURNS

V/EWPOtNT

f^ V A L L E Y

| S/LVEKLAME

•RIDDLE

IT M F O t

C K N T R A L P O IN T
.M ED FO R D
<ASMLAND

KLAM ATH FALLS

The communities named in the above map are affiliated with the work o f the O regon
Development League. Inquiries concerning the resources and opportunities o f different
parts of the state should be addressed to the secretaries o f the local commercial organ­

IA K E W E W

izations. They are well organized to furnish information and advertising matter c o n ­
cerning their own sections, and will promptly answer all com munications. Consult the
map for postoffice, and the list below for name of organization.

M EM BERS OF OREGON D EV ELO P M EN T LEAGUE
Xffltms C om m ercial A ssociation .
A lban y Com m ercial Club.
A shland Com m ercial Club.
A storia Cham ber o f Com m erce.
A ur o f
o m m er c i a1 Club.
B aker C om m ercial Club.
B a y C ity C om m ercial Club.
B ayocean C om m ercial Club.
Beaverton Com m ercial Club.
Bend Com m ercial Chib.
B row n sville C om m ercial Club.
Burns C om m ercial Club.
Canyon C ity C itizen s’ League.
Carlton C om m ercial Club.
C entral P oin t Com m ercial Club.
C h erryville C om m ercial Club.
Condon B usiness M en’ s A ssociation .
Coquilie C om m ercial Club.
C orvallis C om m ercial Club.
C ottage G rove Com m ercial Club.
Cove Com m ercial Club.
C rescent C om m ercial Club.
Culver D evelopm ent League.
D allas C om m ercial Club.
D ayton C om m ercial Club.
D onald Com m ercial Club.
D ufu r V a lle y D evelopm ent League.
E n terprise C om m ercial Club.




Estacada Com m ercial Club.
E ugene C om m ercial Club.
F alls C ity Com m ercial Club.
Forest G rove C om m ercial Club.
Ft. K lam ath, W ood R iv er V a lle y Cham ­
ber o f Com m erce.
G aston Im provem en t Club.
G lendale Com m ercial Club.
Grants Pass Com m ercial Club.
Gresham Com m ercial Club.
H alsey C om m ercial Club.
H am m ond D evelopm ent League.
H arrisbu rg Im provem en t Club.
H e lix Com m ercial A ssociation .
H eppner, M orrow Co. R ooster Club.
H erm iston C om m ercial Club.
H illsb oro, W ash in g ton Co. D ev. L eague.
H ood R iver Com m ercial Club.
H oulton C om m ercial Club.
Independence Com m ercial Club.
Junction C ifv Com m ercial Club.
K lam ath F a lls Cham ber o f Com m erce.
I.aidiaw Com m ercial Club.
La Grande Com m ercial Club.
La keview C om m ercial Club.
La P ine Com m ercial Club.
M adras C om m ercial Club.
M arshfield Cham ber o f Com m erce.

M aupin C om m ercial Club.
M cM innville C om m ercial Club.
M edford Com m ercial Club.
M etolius C om m ercial Club.
Monmouth; Com m ercial Club.
M onroe C om m ercial Club.
M osier V a lle y C om m ercial Club.
Mt. A n g e l C om m ercial Club.
N ehalem C om m ercial Club.
N ew berg Com m ercial Club.
N ew port C om m ercial Club.
N orth Bend C om m ercial Club.
N orth Plains Com m ercial Club.
N yssa Com m ercial Club.
Oakland C om m ercial Club.
O ntario C om m ercial Club.
O regon C ity C om m ercial Club.
O sw ego C om m ercial Club.
P a isley C om m ercial Club.
Pendleton Com m ercial A ssociation .
Ph ilom ath Com m ercial Club.
P ortlan d, O regon D evelopm ent League.
Portland C om m ercial Club.
Portland Cham ber o f C om m erce.
P ort O rford Com m ercial Club.
P rairie C ity C om m ercial Club.
P rin ev ille C om m ercial Club.
Redm ond Com m ercial Club.

R iddle D evelopm ent League.
R o ly a t, H am pton V a lle y Im p. Assn.
Roseburg C om m ercial Club.
St. H elens C om m ercial Club.
St. Johns Com m ercial Club.
St. Paul Com m ercial Club.
Salem B oard o f T rad e.
Sandy Com m ercial Club.
Scholls, C om ’ l Club o f P ortlan d ’ s Garden
Seaside Com m ercial Club.
Sherw ood Com m ercial Club.
Silver Lake C om m ercial Club.
S ilverton C om m ercial Club.
S p rin g fie ld Com m ercial Club.
S tan field Com m ercial Club.
Su b lim ity C om m ercial Club,
Sutherlin C om m ercial Club.
Terrebonn e C om m ercial Club.
T he D alles Business M en’ s A ssociation .
T illam ook Com m ercial Club.
T oledo D evelopm ent League.
Union C om m ercial Club.
V iew p oin t H om estead ers’ A ssociation .
W a m ie D evelopm ent League.
W arren ton D evelopm ent League.
W est Stayton Com m ercial Club.
W o lf Creek Com m ercial Club.
Y a m h ill D evelopm ent Club.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

R O G U E R IV E R V A L L E Y . J A C K S O N C O U N T Y . O R E G O N
W H E R E TH E W O R L D ’ S C H O IC E S T P E A R S A N D A P P L E S A R E G R O W N
ID E A L D IS T R IC T F O R D IV E R SIFIE D F A R M IN G . 2 1 4 P R O D U C T S G R O W N O N O N E R O G U E R IV E R V A L L E Y FA RM

O F F IC E R S
J . A . P e r r y , p r k s id k n t
F . O S S E N B R U G G E , TREASURER
F. W . S tr e e ts , secreta ry

Stot jltrfrfarfr (Eommmtal (Club
S E C R E T A R Y ’S O F F IC E

l/

M

e d fo r d

. O

re g o n

,

Hon.David F.Houston
Seo.Of Agriculture,
Washington,D*C*
Dear Sir
A oanvass of the Bankers and Business men of Medford,Ore* has been
made for the purpose of obtaining their views regarding the looation ot a
Regional Reserve Bank in the Northwest,and the sentiment is practically uni­
versal for the oity of Portland,Ore*

Therefore,the Medford Commercial Club

desires your most careful consideration of Portland*s financial importance
to the entire Northwest as a logical banking center*
Tours most respectfully,
MEDFORD COMMERCIAL CLUB*
----- -

B u y Y o u r T ic k e t s




fo r th e

S a n F r a n c is c o F a ir

v ia

O regon

w it h

S t o p -o v e r P r iv il e g e s

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

R O G U E R IV E R V A L L E Y . J A C K S O N C O U N T Y , O R E G O N
W H E R E TH E W O R L D 'S C H O IC E S T P E A R S A N D A P P L E S A R E G R O W N
ID E A L D IS T R IC T F O R D IV E R SIFIE D F A R M IN G . 2 1 4 P R O D U C T S G R O W N ON O N E R O G U E R IV E R V A L L E Y FA RM

O F F IC E R S
J . A . P e r r y , p r e s id e n t
F. O S S E N B R U G G E , TREASURER
F. W . S T R E E T S , SECRETARY

Stop Ufoitforii (ta tm m fol (Elub
S E C R E T A R Y ’S O F F IC E

M e d fo r d , O r e g o n

Deoember
Twenty eighth
1913.

Hon*Wta*McAdoo,
Seo* of Treasury,
Washington,]) *0*
Dear Sir:~
A canvass of the Bankers and Business men of Medford,Ore* has been
made for the purpose of obtaining their views regarding the location of a
Regional Reserve Bank in the Northwest,and the sentiment is praotically uni­
versal for the city of Portland,Ore*

Therefore,the Medford Commercial Club

desires your most careful consideration of Portlands financial importance
to the entire Northwest as a logical banking center*
Yours most respectfully,
MEDFORD COMMERCIAL CLUB*

Secretary.

fws/ acs

I3u y Y o u r T ic k e t s




fo r th e

S a n F r a n c is c o F a ir

v ia

O regon

w it h

S t o p -o v e r P r iv il e g e s

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

NIGHT L E T T E R

ESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
X

INCORPORATED

5 ,0 0 0 OFFICERS IN A M ER IC A

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

T R A N SM IW ka i'* D E ^ ^ E R S messaffCB only on conditions limiting: its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following N i s h t L e t t e r .
, - guarded a^iafctoily bpepeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable tor errors or delays in
delivery of U u ip a fte d J«l(h t Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum bit
-‘“wjiich, uj^^othe*Kwstated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor ia any case where the claim is not presented In writing within
s filed wltUrUie Company for transmission.
'E D NICp^T-JLETTEU, and is delivered by request of tbs sender, under the conditions named above.

BELVIDERE BROOKS, GENERAL MANAQCR

R e c e iv e d
F112CH FB

96 NL

10 EXTRA

1408

J MCMINNVILLE

ORE DEC 27 1913

HON DAVID HOUSTON

I

WASHINGTON DC

j

m A N C IA L COMMERCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL INTEREST
IFAVORED WITH REGIONAL KESERVE BANK
AS THE L O ^ g j ^ A N K I N G

CENTER

. ()
1

//■
l/\
'

OF NORTHWEST HOPE TO BE

WE EARNESTLY RECOMMEND PORTLAND ORE

OF TH IS

IMPORTANT T E R R I T O ^ g K ^

RESPECTFULLY REQUEST DESIGNATION OF TH IS

C ITY FOR SUCH A BANK

MCMINNVILLE COMMERCIAL CLUB
FIR S T NATIONAL BANK
MCMINNVILLE NATIONAL BANK




UNITED STATES NATIONAL BANK'
956PM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

I I I I ^
U

H i I

U
n

T

I
I

F

L i Ea

f V
P
B
I
I
E i

Fom 2289 B

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY

'

INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M ER IC A

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Company T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting- its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following: Nitht Letter.
Errors can be truarded aguiiist only by repeating: a message back to the sending: station (or comparison, and the Company wilt not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
iransinlasion or delivery of Unrepeated Night Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor In any case beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim Is not presented In writing within
sixty days after the message is (lied with the Company for transmission.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
THEO

R

N.

VAIL,

BELVIDERE BROOKS,

P R E S ID E N T

G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

e c e iv e d a t

F1J3CH FB 50 NL 10 EXTRA

1456
HON W G MCAOOO

V i

MCMINNVILLE ORE DEC 27 1913
, , //j
j ‘ l

WASHINGTON 0G

v

vi I ■
Vrtj

r

*'4

k\'uk- ‘
* U \
[\
\■
> %\-V'
\%

FINANCIAL COMMERCIAL AND AGRICULTURAL INTEREST OF NORTHWEST W0PE TO BE
FAVORED WITH REGIONAL RESERVE BANK WE EARNESTLY RECOMMEND PORTLAND ORE
AS THE LOGICAL BANKING CENTER OF THIS IMPORTANT TERRITORY AND
RESPECTFULLY REQUEST DESIGNATION OF THIS CITY FOR SUCH A BANK




MCMINNVILLE COMMERCIAL CLUB
FIRST NATIONAL BANK
MCMINNVILLE NATIONAL BANK,
UNITED STATES NATIONAL BANK
956PM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

m

m

m

amm

mhm hmm m m

mmh

Form 2289 B

LIGHT LE TTE R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M ER IC A

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Company T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which hare been assented to by the sender of tfce following Night Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery of linrepeutcri Night Letters, sent at rednced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond^ tho sum of
-'lfty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where tho claim is not presented In writing within
sixty days aftei the message is tiled with the Company for transmission.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E T T E K , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
THEO N. VAIL, P R E S ID E N T
B E LVIDERE BROOKS, G E N E R A L M A N A G E R

J £ ^ S'

R e c e iv e d a t

/ / Z ?<f

A10CH HA 38 N L 4BXTRA

J

NEWBERG OGN DEC 27TH— 28

SECRETARY OF TREASURY MCADOO
WASHINGTON OC
COMMERCIAL CLUB ANO BUSINESS MEN OF NEWBHRG OREGON URGE UPON YOU AND
SECRETARY HOUSTON TO CONSIDER THE SELECTION OF P0RTLAN0 OREGON AS
THE LOGICAL FINANCIAL CENTER FOR REGIONAL RESERVE BANK FOR THE NORTH
__________

WEST
W S WHARTON




, P R E S ^ fy ^ B ^ 5 i f c 6 f c l ) B

1024AM S

T

1314

S

LIGHT LE TTE R
STEFtN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

IN A M E R IC A

CABLE SER VIC E T O ALL T H E W ORLD

3messages only onconditions limiting: its liability, which have beenassentedto by th« senderof the following M W tt Z<etter.
jiff a message back to tho sending station tor comparison, and the Companyw ilt not hold itself liable tor errors or delays in
Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any ease beyond the sum of
below, this message has been rained by the sender thereof, nor in any.case where the claim is not presented in writing within
for transmission.
and is delivered byrequestof the sender, under the ooodttionsnamedabove,
_______________________________________________________________________________ BCLVIPEBE B R O O K S , CCNEBAL MANA^CB —

flVED AT

F147CH FB 46 NL 5 EXTRA

1412

V>~

vi NEWPORT ORE OEC 27 1913
OAVIO F HOUSTON
SECRETARY AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
'MMENSE INLAND Tt'Rrt ITORY COVERED ON WATER GRADE BY PORTLAND EXPORTS
OF WHEAT FRUIT HOPS ETC

IMPORTS COVERINC SAME TERRITORY FINANCING

OF ALL THIS TERKIIORY IS ALWAYS DONE IN PORTLAND AND
THEREFORE THE NEED OF_-REGJONAL Rttifc'RVE BAtJK IS URGENT IN
s ' N E W P O R T

7
/

-'OrW*




isw-

V v

i
/-■

/'

COMMERCIAL CLUB
by h f jen kin s

j

-^1__ <£,____J

1106PM

secy

PORTLAND

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

-IIGHT L E T TE R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

2 5 ,0 0 0 OFFICES IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This Company T R A N S M I T S ard D E L I V E R S messages only on conditions limiting* its liability, which have been assented to b y the sender o f the follow in g N iffb t L e t t e r .
Krrors can be guarded against only by repeating1 a message back to the sending- station for comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
xansmission or delivery of U u r e p e a t e d N ig h t L e tte r s , sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transm ission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
F i f t y D o lla r s , at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where tho claim is not presented In writing1w ithin
sixty days alter the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an X J N R E P E A T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request o f the sender, under the conditions named above.

THEO

N* V A I L , P R E S I D E N T

B E L V 1 D E R E B R O O K S , G E N E R A L MA N A G E R

R e c e iv e d a t
F146CH FB 4 6 NL 5 EXTRA

14 53

NEWPORT ORE OEC 27 1913

mG MCADOO

SECRETARY TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
IMMENSE INLAND TERRITORY COVERED ON
OF WHEAT FR U IT HOPS ETC,
OF ALL TH IS TERRITORY IS

IMPORTS COVERING SAME TERRITORY FINANCING
ALWAYS DONE IN PORTLAND AND

THEREFORE THE NEED OF REGIONAL




WATER GRADE BY PORTLAND EXPORTS

RESERVE BANK IS URGENT IN

PORTLAND

NEWPORT COMMERCIAL CLUB
j e n k in s

f ............. 1,-7

19,4

j

secretary

1106FM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

■

\

\

v OregonCity, Ore., Deo 27-13#

D^vid F# Houston,
Secy Agriculture**
Washington D#C«
The members of the Commercial
land
to

Club .of OregonQity claim Port­

Oregon logical banking center of
establish regional reserve bank at




Northwest.We urge you
Portland, Oregon.

ptouai\al Club of Oregon Oity
904pm

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

1




E.H.CONSER,

P A U L J . B R A T T A N ,V i c e -P r e s .

G E O R G E M .B A IL E Y , Pr e s .

IQ 4 3 2

B v i s l e y N a t i o n a l Ba
Ca p i t a l

n k

$ 2 5 ,O O O .o o

P a i s l e y , O

r e . ,

January 6,1914

Hon.W.G.McAdoo,
Secretary of the Treasury,
Washington,D.0•
Sir:
On behalf of this bank I most respectfully
request that you use your influence with the other
members of the Reserve Bank Organization Committee
in connection with having them make a thorough in­
vestigation of conditions in the Pacific Northwest
with the idea of creating in this locality a Fed­
eral Reserve District.
I understand that Los Angeles.has joined«Saa—
■Francisco in asking that the entire Pacific Coast
be mS&T one district with the latter city as the
reserve city. Such action would in a great measure
nullify the good which would otherwise inure to
banks and business interests of the Northwest.
Geographically and commercially the States of Ore­
gon, Washington, Idaho and part of Montana form an
empire by themselves and it would be a severe han­
dicap to require banks of this region to do busi­
ness at a point so far distant as San Francisco.
When you hold your investigations in the
Pacific Coast cities I am sure that you will be
impressed with the fact thpft the States which I
have named are entitledJ/fb be formed into a sep­
arate district. The in^rerests of the various cities
are not so importaniydfy any means as having the
Northwest created a^eparate distriot. Locally
we favor Portla^i^is the moot logical point for
the locatiSo--f«»r a. bank in this district but that
is just now a matter of secondary importance.
Thanking you to give this letter such con­
sideration as vou oan.l am.

Ca s h i e r .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2589 B

\l E S T E R N U N IO N
DAY L E T T E R
T H E O . N . V A IL , P R E S ID E N T

jj ti
/

D e c e iv e d a t
V 378 CH 60 BLUE; 4 EX
,

PENDLETON ORE 27

WM G MCADOO
SECY TREASURE WASHINGTON DC
IF IN THE OPINION OF THE ORGANIZATION COHMITTEE IT IS DEEMS&.
ADVISABLE TO LOCATE A FEDERAL RESERVE BANK IN THE NORTHWEST WE RESPECTFULLY
.URGE THE SELECTION OF'PORTLAND OREGON AS BEING MORS CENTRALLY LOCATED
IN THE PROBABLE DISTRICT .AND AT PRESENT THE FINANCIAL CENTRE
THROUGH WHICH THE INLAND EMPIRE TRANSACTS THE GREATEST SHARE OF.
ITS EASINESS
PENDLETON COMML a SSNI Ji V lTALMAN PRESJ..




■.......■
■
■
•

■■
■

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2589 B

\7ESTEIttl UNION
DAY EETTER.
T H E O . N. V A IL , P R E S ID E N T

~

REIVED AT

SO 9

T

—

V379 CH. 60 BLUE. 4 EX

1
^

PENDLETON ORE 27

/ y

DAVID F 'HOUSTON
SECY AGT WASHINGTON. DC
IF IN THE OPINION OF 'THE ORGANISATION COMMITTEE IT : IS DEEMED
ADVISABLE t o ;LOCATE. A ’FEDERAL RESERVE BANK IN THE, NORTHWEST,WE
RESPECTFULLY, URGE THE SELECTION

O F

PORTLAND OREGON AS BEING MOR*.

CSHTRALLY UJCATED II THE PJOBiH-E D IS IE IC M D

.„ .™ —
CENTRE
THROUGH

I...H ™

>»“ »»

MS1CTS

IT S BUS I HESS
PENDLETON COMML ’ ASSN! J V iTALMAN ’ PREST*




.S J ffi'w -

Repioduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

E. W , W ARRINGTON
S EC R ETA R Y-TR EA SU RER

E.
J.

C O M M E R C IA L ASSOCIATION
A BIGGER

AND

BETTER

SOUTHERN

U M A TILLA

E>. C A S T E E L
P R E S I DENT
M. G i l b e r t
V ice-Pr e sid e n t

COUNTY

PI LOT ROCK. OREGON,

David F.Housten,
Washingt©n,D.C.
Dear Sir,

/
liras directed by the Coi$riercial Asseciatien ®f
Pilot Heck at a recent meeting
write yen urging up®n you the
claim ®f the City @f Portland in Oregen fer a National Keserv®
Bank sheuld one be 1 ©eat 60* TPIf*fme Pacific N©rth West. Pert land’ s
paramount financial pesitien in such an emensely large and rich
agricultural district would seem t® justify us in ur/ring this

tjk

fra i m __

ANSWERED
JAN I 2 1914
fO R M

O




Very cordial;

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

E. w , W a r r i n g t o n
s e c r e t a r y

-T

E.

-

r e a s u r e r

J.

C O M M E R C IA L ASSOCIATION

B. CASTEEL
PR ESID EN T
M . G ILBE RT
V IC E -P R E S ID E N

A B IG G E R A N D B E T T E R SO U T H E p^T U M ATI L LA C O U N T Y

P IL O T R O C K . O R E G O N .

4<Z\Aipgm*^7 7 ,1 9 1 4
v V iz H E D i

1

William M.JteAdoo,

1914

(FORM

i>ear S ir,
I was directed by the Commercial Association of Pilot Rock
at a recent meeting t© write you urging upon you the claim ©f the
City of Portland for a National tteserve Bank should one he established
in th»> Pacific North ^est* Portland’ s paramount financial position
in such an emensely large ancT l*l(5|SJgFIcultur*l district would
seem to .justify us in making thirsclifee.




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

WESTERN UNION
XJ
«r
TELEG R A M
'

T H E O . N . V A IL , P R E S ID E N T

/V

. ■'/
•./

Form 168

.

/

RECEIVED AT Wyatt Building, Cor. 14thandFSts., Washington, D.C. •ass*

j

1 .Y326 -CH :15
ROSEBURG ORE 27

*—
<
■

.r
-'7

*

13H

WM ,G MCADOO
SECT ;OF (TREASURY !WASHINGTON DC :

.

-

DOUGLAS COUNTY IBAN KING AND CQMHSRCIAI, INTERESTS .UNANIMOUSLY : FA TOR ,
PORTLAND AS LOCATION FOR, REGBfflNAIi '> RESERVE BANK
ROSEBURG COMMERCIAL CLUB. .




■

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
O F F IC E O F T H E S E C R E T A R Y .
R E C E IV E D T E L E G R A M .

1? w nd

Deo

21

' 'Roseburg Ogn

dec

David Houston,

27

1913

Secy

Agl

2?

1913

Washn D C

Portlands geographical position

independent of other substantial

reasons maJces it the most advantageous location in entire northwest
for regional reserve bank.




Roseburg Commercial Club
333pm

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

F or m 2289 B

0HT LETTER

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

T IC E S IN AM ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

This C oiil^ ny?te5(lN SM IT ^ F and D E L I V E R S messagres only on conditions limiting' its liability, which have been assented to by the sender o f the following: N ig h t L e t t e r .
Errors cobVbe A p xd ed at^fR.st only by repeating: a message back to tiie sending: station for comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable fo r errors or delays in
Snmsmissiap ojM elijrery o f 'Uflnrepeated N lffh t L e tte r s , sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transm ission: nor in any case beyond the sum o f
f i f t y D o lfc iK a t W h ic h , uiyPss otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in w ritin g w ithin
Sixty daysJ K er ffie messaej#is filed w ith the Company for transmission.
Th^jjff
l ]K B E P £ H T E D N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered b y request o f the sender, under the conditions named above.
>

b c lv id e r c b r o o k s ,

p r e s id e n t

M anager

1130

iEiyfeDAT
rs c jf TN

general

59 NL

4 EXTRA
t

PORTLAND( ORE DEC 30 1913

HON W G MCADOO
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
WE HOPE YOUR COMMITiEE WILL

WASHINGTON UC

SEE ITS WAY CLEAR TO

GIVE P A C IFIC COAST TWO |-EuERAL

RtStRVE BANKS OvV I imG TO THE

GREAT DISTANCES PORTLAND OREGON io

NOT ONLY HEAD QUARTERS FOR
«

AN IMMENSE AREA FARM TERRITORY

THAT IT

FOR THE P A C IF IC NORTHWEST THEREFORE

IS CENTRALLY LOCATED

WE F a VOR THAT C ITY FOR

THE LOCATION OF SUCH BANK,;




j

ST JOHNS COMMERCIAL CLUB
E HILLER SECRETARY
i

815PM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

HT L E T T E R

HI
THE W5STEI

Form 2289 B

UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 6 1 0 FFICEJ5 IN AM ERICA
This Company'

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

and D E I J R rE R S messages only on conditions limiting- its liability, which have been assented to by the sender o f the follow ing’ Nigh t Letter,
nst only b j»ep ea tin (r a messagre back to the sending: station for comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable fo r errors or delays in
r e p e a t e d J K lgtxt L e tte r s , sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transm ission; nor in any ease beyond the sum o f
otherwlapFstated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in w ritin g within
is filed w itbxh e Company for transmission.
T E D NIGJJti L E T T E R , and is delivered b y request o f the sender, under the conditions named above.

Errors can be g:d
taransmission or delivt

Fifty Dollars, at
sixty <
1

TH E

DENI

ED A'

B E L V I D E R E B R O O K S , G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

59 NL

1129

4 EXTRA

PORTLAND ORE DEC 3 0 1913
HON DAVID F HOUSTON
SECY OF AGRICULTURE
WE HOPE YOUR COMMITTEE WILL

SEE

GIVE PA C IFIC COAST TWO FEDERAL

ITS WAY CLEAR TO
RESERVE BANKS OWING TO THE

GREAT PI STANCES^PORTLAND OREGON *S
AN IMMENSE AREA FARM TERRITORY

WASHINGTON DC

NOT ONLY HEAD QUARTERS FOR

THAT IT

FOR THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST THEREFORE

IS CENTRALLY LOCATED

WE FAVOR THAT CI r£_£OR...

THE LOCATION OF SUCH BANK
<

■

7

COMMERCI AL CLUB

iAIMSW L R clM
!




|
*

i

1914

J E HILLER SECRETARY

j
1007P

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

NIQHT L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M E R IC A

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Company T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting1its liability, which hare been assented to by the sender of the following Night Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery of Unrepeated Nigrht Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within
sixty days after the megsasre is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the solder, under the conditions named above.

T H E O . N . VAIL,

R

____________

P R E S ID E N T

BELVIOERE BROOKS,

GENERAL M ANAGER

e c e iv e d a t

C91CH FC 53 NL V IA BEND

1 5 1 4

\J PR IN E V IL LE

OGN OEC 27 13

HON W ILLIAM Q M0AD00
SECY OF THE TREASURY
WASHINGTON 0 C
WE HEARTILY ACCLAIM THE PASSAGE OF THE CURRECNY B IL L AND JO IN ALL OREGON
IN URGING THE CLAIM OF PORTLAND AS A MOST LOGICAL POINT FOR ESTABLISHMENT
OF A REGIONAL BANK TO SERVE THE P A C IF IC NORTHV/EST WE URGENTLY REQUEST
FULLEST INVESTIGATION AS TO THE POINTS OF VANTAGE POSSESSED BY PORTLAND
O' ^R ANY OTHER C ITY




jA .N S W E K i~ D ’
PR I NEVILLE COMMERCIAL CLUB

7

I3'(4

I

Reprotfuc«cl frt)fn the Unctessified t Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

/

)




S * S'*

4

/

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

JIIS H T L E T T E R

N UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY

THE

IN C O R P O R A T E D

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

OFBFCES IN AM ERICA

This CompanyJfAArWttlTS ajjr D E L IV K R S messages only on conditions lim iting1its liability, w hich have been assented to b y the sender o f the follow in g Night Letter.
Errors can t^aflj&aHlef agaiusL^^ly by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable fo r errors or delays in
transmission or (l|Kiv9v^^fl¥ IJnr^pftited Night letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transm ission ; nor in any case beyond the sum o f
FiftyXJollars, y y hic|j7 unless jpierwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any cuse where the claim is not presented in w ritin g w ithin
S iXtXjjfB tos aftenKhepinenage isjjPFd w ith the Company for transmission.
fThik is ajp^NjKS*®I£ATJjPj N I G H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request o f the sender, under the conditions named above.

[ E O .l N .

IL, P r e s i d e n t

B ELV ID E R E

EGEIVBD AT
F 7 m f BU 22 NL V IA OREGONCITY

B R O O K S , GENERAL. M A N A G E R

10 7l

^ STPAUL

OREGON DEC 30 1913

DAVID F HOUSTON SECY AGRICULTURE
WASHINGTON DC
WE EARNESTLY REQUEST FAVORABLE CONSIDERATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF
REGIONAL RESERVE BANK AT PORTLAND AS LOGICAL LOCATION f-OR BEST SERVICE
TO GREATEST NUMBER




STPAUL COMMERCIAL CLUB

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

F or m 2289 B

riilOHT L E T T E R

THE (WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
IN C O R P O R A T E D

COOO O FFICES IN A M ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This*
T R A N S M IT S a:
1 V E R S raessafflW ofly on conditions lim iting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender o f the fo llo w in g N ig h t L e t t e r ,
ErrorJ
G uarded against
repeating a n*resag,e back to the sending' station fo r comparison, and the Company w ill not hold itself liable fo r errors or delays in
transm issj
Ivery o f L 'n rA jrfa te d
ffh t L e t t y S , sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transm ission; nor in any case beyond the sum o f
F ifty
which, unless ifcjrerwise
d belo-sgrtliis message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in w ritin g w ithin
d df& aftei the messag-e is tlfcd with th X oa
'or transmission.
J N R E F E A T fiD N IG H I ’
and is delivered b y request o f the sender, under the conditions named above.

fA ll

)ENT

»R E l

CEIVE1

■ E L V ID E R E

10
V IA OREGON C ITY

3CH TN

B R O O K S , G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

Si

STPAUL OREGON DEC 30 1913
WM G MCADOO
SECY TREASURY

WASHINGTON DC

WE EARNESTLY REQUEST FAVORABLE CONS I DERATION
REGIONAL RESERVE
SERVICE TO

FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF

BANK AT PORTLAND AS LOGICAL

LOCATION FOR BEST

GREATEST NUMBER




SJPAUL COMMERCIAL CLUB
839PM

ANSW ERED

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

F. N. C O L E M A N , PRES.

P . N. Coleman
J. N . M cKay
J. E Smith
S . Merten
Alois Keber
F . W . Peterson
J . S McDonald

A L O IS K E B E R ,

TREAS.

ST. PAUL
COMMERCIAL CLUB

L. D. P E T T Y J O H N SEC.

‘Lives of cities ail remind m s ,
W e ’ve the elements sublime;
And w e vouch you soon will find us
On the map;- then- W A T C H U S C L IM B ”

ST. PAUL, ORE.,

Secretary Agr i o u l t u r e j ^
\
Washington, D* C,

J A M p.
... " v'

Dear Sir:We

are wiring you today

with reference to

establishment of Regional Reserve Bank in Portland
this city w ill receive

your serious coniideration*

Enclosed you w ill find
which




and trust

a few of our advertising folders

w ill perhaps be of some interest *
Ifours truly,

Reproduced from the Unclassified

I Declassified

O r

Holdings of the National Archives

D evelopm ent L

gon

ague

“ More People on F arm s”
P r e s id e n t

THEO. B. W ILCOX,

T

HE OREGON DEVELOPMENT LEAGUE is composed of the leading commercial
n
r p - ^ n i T ^ t i n r i Q of
n f the
t h p state,
Q ta fp
w
h n s A objects
n h ip r t s a
re •
organizations
whose
are:
To attract home builders to Oregon, through meritorious publicity.
To furnish authentic information to inquirers.
To aid homeseekers upon arrival, so they may be located to their advantage, and
be made to feel at home in their new environment.
To further improvement of farm roads and highways to meet requirements of the
incoming population.

Po r t l a n d

SECR ETAR Y-TR EASU R ER

C. C. CHAPM AN.

PO RTLAN D

J. S. VAN W IN K LE .
JOHN E. GRATKE,
WM. H ANLEY,

A lban y

A s t o r ia

burns

BRUCE DEtyNIS,

LaG rande

WM. M .'C P L V IG ,

M EDFORD

C O M M E R C IA L CLUB M A P O F O R EG O N
ASTORIA

WARREM
> M !L T O N J 0
K o l u ,V IS IT S

w esro N

'HERMISTQN

PtNOlCTON
•J M
g fl& jS S S 00 ELL .

BAYOCEAN
/

y.£-

IO N S .

CHER

^-scjw»ws«f* osweoo
f e '- J

M

•O R E G O N C IT Y *CHl

.A C K A i MA

T

r

L

THE DALLES

iVI A H V H O O D

yy

A

O

BNTERf>fllS£

• P I L O T R O C H k—

R .«
°
W
'H £ P P N C R

i A GRANDE

M A U P /M

LA LLA

•B A K E R

WHEELE
MH/PORT)

'A L B A N Y

g

r

a

n

t

CANYON C IT Y *
REOHOMO

3
S PR!NGF/EL O

0

K
O N T A R IO '

CENTRAL

COTTAGE GROVE

____

• ROLY A T

I

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o

T —

c~> O

i

• SUTHERLIN
K//TUPOI Ikl

fARSHriELD

4

o

V ) -TJ
m s

UmPc£K.

*NO»THBCND

& A N O Q /y

0

_ * P R Ib fE i/I L L E

o

VIEWPOINT

"'"“ a l l e y

nz

, RIDDLE

J O B O A N VALLEY

M

A

L

H

t

•

U H

rn

m </>
—J rr,

•C A H V O N V U L E

IA7/\T
)<46*£55«

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22

<"5

to

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50

50

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cz

0 U F i FI Y
•WSOOSABL** ]
•COlOQtACH j

~<
• MEDFORD

JACKSONVILLE
• ASHLAND

t f I A M AT H FAILS

O R N I A
The communities named in the above map are affiliated with the work of the Oregon
Development League. Inquiries concerning the resources and opportunities of different
parts of the state should be addressed to the secretaries of the local commercial organ­

izations. They are well organized to furnish information and advertising matter con­
cerning their own sections, and will promptly answer all communications. Consult the
map for postoffice, and the list below for name of organization.

M EM BERS OF OREGON D E V ELO P M EN T LEAGU E
A gness C om m ercial Club.
A lbany C om m ercial Club.
Ashland C om m ercial Club.
A storia Cham ber o f Com m erce.
A urora C om m ercial Club.
Baker C om m ercial Club.
Bandon Com m ercial Club.
B ay C ity C om m ercial Club.
B a yocean C om m ercial Club.
B eaverton Com m ercial Club.
Bend C om m ercial Club.
Canyon C ity C itizen s’ League.
C a nyonville C om m ercial Club.
Cherry G rove C om m ercial Club.
C h erryville Com m ercial Club.
Condon B usiness Men’ s A ssociation .
C oquille Com m ercial Club.
C orvallis C om m ercial Club.
C ottage G rove Com m ercial Club.
C rescent C om m ercial Club.
O resw ell Com m ecial Club.
Curry County Com ’ l Club, G old Beach.
D allas C om m ercial Club.
D ayton C onm ercial Club.
D ufur V a lley D evelopm ent League.
E nterprise Com m ercial Club.




Eugene Com m ercial Club.
F a irview Com m ercial Club.
Forest G rove C om m ercial Club.
Ft. K lam ath, W o o d R iver V a lle y Cham
ber o f Com m erce.
G aston Im provem en t Club.
G rants Pass Com m ercial Club.
G resham Com m ercial Club.
H am m ond D evelopm ent League.
H e lix C om m ercial A ssociation .
H eppner, M orrow Co.. B ooster Club.
H erm iston Com m ercial Club.
H ood R iver Com m ercial Club.
H ubbard Com m ercial Club,
lone C om m ercial Club.
J ack son v ille Com m ercial Club.
Jordan V a lley C om m ercial Club.
Junction C ity C om m ercial Club.
K lam ath Cham ber o f Com m erce.
L a idlaw C om m ercial Club.
La Grande Com m ercial Club.
L a keview C om m ercial Club.
La P in e Com m ercial Club.
Lebanon Com m ercial Club.
M adras Com m ercial Club.

Marshfield Cham ber o f Com m erce.
Maupin C om m ercial Club.
M cM innville Com ’ l and S ocial Club.
M edford C om m ercial Club.
M ilton C om m ercial Club.
M ollala Com m ercial Club.
M onm outh C om m ercial Club.
M osier V a lle y Com m ercial Club.
N ew berg C om m ercial Club.
N ew port Com m ercial Club.
N orth Bend C om m ercial Club.
N orth P lain s C om m ercial Club.
O akland Com m ercial Club.
Odell D evelopm ent League.
O ntario Com m ercial Club.
Oregon C ity Com m ercial Club.
O sw ego C om m ercial Club.
P a isley Com m ercial Club.
Pendleton C om m ercial Club.
P ilo t R ock Com m ercial Club.
Pleasant V a lle y Push Club, P. O.
G resham.
Portland, Oregon D evelopm ent League.
Portland C om m ercial Club.
P rin e v ille Com m ercial Club.

Redm ond C om m ercial Club.
R ick re a ll C om m ercial Club.
R iddle D evelopm ent League.
R o ly at, H am pton V a lle y Im p. Assn.
R oseburg Com m ercial Club.
St. Johns Com m ercial Club.
St. P aul C om m ercial Club.
Salem C om m ercial Club.
Scholls, Com ’ l Club o f P ortlan d ’ s Garden
Seaside C ivic Im provem en t Club.
S ilverton C om m ercial Club.
S p rin gfield Com m ercial Club.
Stanfield Com m ercial Club.
Su b lim ity Com m ercial Club.
Sutherlin Com m ercial Club.
The D alles B usiness M en’ s A ssociation .
T illam ook C om m ercial Club.
T oled o D evelopm ent League.
T routda le C om m ercial Club.
V iew p oin t H om estead ers’ A ssociation .
W arrenton D evelopm ent League.
W edderburn Com m ercial Club.
W eston Com m ercial A ssociation .
W e st Oregon C ity Im provem en t Club.
W est Stay ton C om m ercial Club.
W ood burn C om m ercial Club.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

KIGHT L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

O FFICES IN A M ERICA

CABLE SER VICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

This Cojyfemj^llANSMITS «♦(! p E LIV T JR S messn.s'os only on conditions limiting: its liability, which hare been assented to by the sender of the followine: Kiffht Letter.
Ei rote cfca b# guarded n«r»#ristV>olf by repeating- a message back to the sending: station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmjssijjp <Mj)flivery of liicjieatnl Niglit Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in any case beyond tho sum of
vty DgOlirsJat which, unless otherwise stated lieiow, this inessacre has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing: within
dj^s yfter the inessnctHs filed witjvjthe Company for transmission.
|
an
N IG IIT L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
lE c C V * - V / f L A P S E S !D E N T

\

B E L V I D E R E B R O O K S , G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

CEIVED AT

j O oo

F109CH FB 50 NL 1 EXTRA
V

SALEM ORE DEC 27 1913

DAVID F HOUSTON
SECY AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON 0C
THE SALEM COMMERCIAL CLUB RESPECTFULLY URGES THE CLAIMS OF PORTLAND
OREGON AS THE LOGICAL POINT FOR A REGIONAL BANK IN
THE P A C IFIC NORTHWEST ITS

IMMENSE TRIBUTARY EMPIRE BOUNDED BY CALIFORNIA

ON THE SOUTH, BERING STRAIT ON THE NORTH AND MONTANA
ON THE E A S T ; A ^ ;W v i» w S [ ^ j'O N G




!3 !4

/

WESTERN C IT IE S

GEO F RODQERS
I
CHAIRMAN

j

948PM

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

LIGHT LE TTE R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN A M ERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E WORLD

Tins Compnny T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E R S messages only on conditions limiting1Us liability, which bare bocn assented to by the sender of the following Night Letter.
Errors can b e g u a r d e d a ^ i i n s i o n l y b y rr'ix>.ilmg* a m cssacro b a c k to t h e R e n d in g : station f o r comparison, and tho Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or d e l i v e r y of Ltm'pentcd Night Letters, s e n t at reduced rates, beyond a sum e<iual to the amount paid for transmission: nor in any caso beyond the sum of
Fifty Dollars, ul which, u n le s s o t h e r w i s e s tn s c d b e lo w , this m e s s a g e has been valued by tho sender thereof, nor in any caso whero tho claim is not presented in writing within
feisty dn.vs a l t e r t h e message i s filed with (ho C o m p a n y for transmission.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above.
THEO

N . V A I L , PRESIDENT

B C L V 1 D C R E B R O O K S , GENERAL MANAGER

1387

R e c e iv e d a t
F108CH FB 50 NL 1 EXTRA

MR

mG MCA000

SALEM ORE DEC 27 1913
•

^

; ,

SECY TREASURY WASHINGTON DC
the

Salem c o m m e r c ia l c l u b r e s p e c t f u l l y

OREGON AS THE LOGICAL POINT

urges

the

c l a im s

of

Po r t l a n d

FOR A REGIONAL BANK IN

THE P A C IF IC NORTHWEST IT S IMMENSE TRIBUTARY EMPIRE BOUNDED BY CALIFORNIA^
ON THE SOUTH, BERING STRAIT
ON THE NORTH AND MONTANA
ON THE EAST MAKES IT
UNIQUE AMONG WESTERN C I T I E S




GEO F RODGERS
CHAIRMAN
948PM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

’X

x m

&

x x v ty

g e p u r ta e tit

TELEGRAM

A

39

Paid
V

-SinHEHIIB OSJJ

December 29 1913

Wm Gr McAdoo,
Secretary of the Treasury,
Wash'n D C
We believe claims of Portland as the logical banlring center o t
the Northwest and based upon individual facts and sincerely
trust you w ill favorably consider Portland in your selection
of a place for one of the Regional Reserve Banks*




Sutherlin Commercial Club.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

klSH T LETTER

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL T H E W ORLD

2 5 ,0 0 0 O FFICES IN AM ERICA

DCbls Company T R A N S M IT S and D E L IV E E S messages oaly on conditions limiting Its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following Night Letter.
Krrors can be guarded against only by re la tin g a message back to the sending: stalion for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
'ansmission or delivery of Unrcpeuted Nlgrlit Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum etiual to the amount puid for transmission; nor in any case beyond the sum of
fifty Dollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this messagre has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any ease where the claim is not presented in writing: within
Sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an U N R E P E A T E D N IG H T L E I T E B , and is delivered by request of the sender, under tho conditions namod above.

THEO . N. VAIL,

PR E S ID E N T

R e c e iv e d

B E L V ID E R E

B R O O K S , G E N E R A L M A N AG ER

at

F73CH FB 4 5 NL 1 EXTRA BACK DATE

L{

I914JAH

\

56

% / WEDDERBURN ORE DECEMBER 3 0 1913

OA^IO S HOUSTON
SECRETARY AGRICULTURE WASHINGTON DC
THE CURRY COUNTY COMMERCIAL CLUB
COMMERCIAL CLUB OF WEDDERBURN

UNANIMOUSLY URGE YOU TO ENDORSE PORTLAND

OREGON AS LOGICAL FINANCIAL CENTER
URGE YOU TO USE YOUR
R

E

C

|

^

N

S

W

3
i~ O R M

S

§

0

1914

J S




5

OF GOLDBEACH AND THE WEDDERBURN

OF THE PACI FI C NORTHWEST AND

GOOD OFFICES FOR LOCATION OF
j T

H

E

R E

W H MEREDITH
JAN 1914 938PM

J Z

SECRETARY

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

WISHT L E T T E R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 6 ,0 0 0 O FFIC ES IN A M ER IC A

CABLE SER VICE T O ALL T H E W ORLD

A l l Company TRANSMITS and DEUTGBS mornm only on conditions limiting: Its liability, which have' been Assented to by tUo sender of the following* Night Letter.
Error* can be fruarded amiunt only by repeating a meswAge back to the Keudin^ station for eotnparifon, and the Company will not bold itself liable for errors or delays in
/Muonisaion or delivery of liaiepeakd Night Lettien, sunt at reduced rates, beyond a sum e<iual to the amount i«aid for transmission; nor In any ease beyond the sum of
fifty Donas*, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within
•ixiy days after the message is tiled with the Company for transmission.
•
This toan U N R E P E A T E D M IG H T L E T T E R , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions nained above.
TH E O . N. VAIL, PRESIDENT
BELVIOERE B R O O K S , GENERAL MANAGER

R e c e iv e d

at

1914JAN i P** 9 f 5 A* 7
'7 ■>

F72CH FB

4 5 NL 1 EXTRA

BACK DATE
WEOOERBURN ORE DECEMBER 3 0 1913

mG MCADOO

C

j

P

SECRETARY TREASURY WASHINGTON 0 0
THE CURRY COUNTY COMMERCIAL CLUB

OF GOLDBEACH AND THE WEOOERBURN

COMMERCIAL CLUB OF WEOOERBURN UNANIMOUSLY
OREGON AS LOGICAL FINA N CIAL CENTER
URGE YOU TO USE YOUR

URGE YOU TO ENDORSE PORTLAND

OF THE P A C I F I C NORTHWEST AND

GOOD OFFICES FOR LOCATION OF

BANK THERE

WHMroM E^lB



AN 1 1914 938PM i
$

REGIONAL RESERVE

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM.
W H E R E W R IT T E N :

Zp

V H IS

Washington,

ommtzmon comi-ittb*.

KSSSRVB bank;

T O H on. W l i l l i a n

January 2*' t 1914*

G* ilciU io o ,

S e c r e ta r y Tr©a*uryf
H o to l Wash i ion ,
S o a i t lo 9 Wuoh i ng ton*
Have arran ged h tsjrin g* in P o rtla n d t c ha h old F e fie r a l Court
Rocr*?* IUiok Sxaiufnor L . 1»« a la li t w i l l ©3©t Ccmniittoa • » a r r i v a l w ith
i i » t app aaran oes*

OFFICIAL BUSINESS.
GOVERNMENT RAT ES .
C

harge

T

reasury

D

e pa r tm en t,

2— 6827




O F F IC IA L .
A

p p r o p r ia t io n

fo r

________ _____ ______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

The appropriation from w hich payable must be stated on above line.

DEPARTMENTAL STOCK FORM 2 128*

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

January 28, 1914*
MEMORANDUM.
M yers, C u sto d ia n , w ir e s Court Room w i l l be r e s e r v e d fo r
R e g io n a l Bank h e a r in g F r id a y , t h i r t i e t h , P o r tla n d , O regon.




Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM
W H E R E W R IT T E N :

Washington

RESERVE BANK ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE
January 28, 1914*
Law Reporting Company,
On* fifte en Broadway,
Now York City*
Hearings Organisation Conn ittee w ill be held Federal Court
Room Portland, Friday, thirtieth * nine A*M« • In lodge Van Fleet*s
Court Room, San grants iaoo* Monday, February second, ten A*iU - In
Federal Court Room, Los Angeles, Wednesday February fourty, ten A*M«
in Federal Court Room, B1 Paso* February, seventh, elghx^to nine^thirty
Fill.

Searet&ry

O F F IC IA L BU S IN ES S.
GOVERNMENT RATES.
C harge T reasury

OFFICIAL*

D e p a r t m e n t , A p p r o p r ia t io n

2— 6827




fo r

The appropriation from w hich payable must bo stated on above line.

D E P A R T M E N T A L S T O C K FO R M , £ t « 8 .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM.
W H E R E W R IT T E N :

W ashington,

RESERVE BANK ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE.
January 28t 1914*
TO
Martin Mel*an,

Bank Examiner,
Central Building,
S eattle t Waeh1ngton•
Have wired BoIso Cllaring Houee that Committee w ill hear
then at Portland •

O F F IC IA L BU S IN E S S.
GOVERNMENT RATES.
C harge T reasury

OfFlClAI*.

D e p a r t m e n t , A p p r o p r ia t io n

2— 6827




f o r

_______________________________________________________________

The appropriation from w hich payable must bo stated on above line.

D E P A R T M E N T A L S T O C K FO R M 2 1 2 8 .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

845

WESTEjBMLUNION
TE l R a M

Form 168

T H E O . N . V A IL , P R E S ID E N T

r e c e iv e d
A28CH V

AYS
AT Wyatt Building, Cor. 14th and F Sts., Washington, D. C. ALW
O PE N

57

GOVT
S E A TTL E WA8HN JAN 2 *

14-

SECY RESERVE BOARD O R G A N IZ A T IO N
THE MEMBERS OFT H E IR

THE B O IS E

C L E A R IN G HOUSE A S S O C IA T IO N

COMM I TEE BE ALLOWED TO

BE HELD

IN

COMMITTEE WASHN OC

PORTLAND OWING

BETWEEN NOW AND THE M E E T IN G

APPEAR AT THE M E E TIN G

TO THE SHORT T IM E
AT S EA TTLE

REQUEST THAT
TO

IN T E R V E N IN G

PLEASE A D V IS E

THEM

BY WIRE




M A R T IN MCLEAN N A T IO N A L BANK E X A M IN E R .
555P

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAf
W H E R E W R IT T E N :

W ashington

ttSSRVS BANK OftGAmmOEl COkSU'l
TO

January 27, 1914

V* L* Boar Sac rot ary
Boioo Clearing Houaa Aanoolation
Boiaa Idaho
Tour talograa. HatPd ad¥i»#d Committee your raf»r®#«ntativ«p
#111 « p p t*r at hearing to be h#l* in Portland January th irtieth *

Secretary
Roaarvo Bank Organisation Conunitt««•

O F F IC IA L BU S IN ES S.
GOVERNMENT RATES.
C harge T reasury

OFFICIAL*

D e p a r t m e n t , A p p r o p r ia t io n

2— 6827




fo r

The appropriation from w hich paj^able must bo stated on aboye line.

D E P A R T M E N T A L S T O C K FO R M 2 1 2 8 .

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

NIGHT L E T T E R
THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

2 5 ,0 0 0 O F F IC E S IN A M E R IC A

CABLE S E R V IC E TO ALL T H E W O R LD

T his C om p an y T R A N S M I T S and I > E I jI V 1 .aIS m essages o n ly on c o n d itio n s lim itin g its lia b ilit y , w h ich h a ve been assented to b y the send er o f the fo llo w in g 1 N l g i i t L e t t e r .
E rrors can be gu arded uiraitist o n ly b y re o r a l mi,-- a m essage back to the sen d in g sta tion tor com p a rison , and the C om pany w ill not h old it s e lf lia b le fo r errors o r d ela ys in
ion o r d e liv e r y o f L in r e iX 'a t e d
I x 't t o r a * sent a t red u ced rates* b eyon d a sum equal to the a m ou n t paid fo r tra n sm ission ; nor in a n y ease b e y o n d the sum o f
F i f t y Dollars, at w hich, unless o th erw ise stated b elow , this mcssau'o has been valued b y the sen d er th ereof, n or iu a n y case w h ere the cla im is n ot presen ted in w r itin g w ith in
s ix t y days a lte r the m essage in filed w ilh the Comp.-wiv fo r transm ission.
This is an I > I t U * f ] A 'l L 'D JNTf G H T 1 / U T T K R , ajid is d e liv e r e d b y req u est o f t'io render, under tho co n d itio n s nam ed a bove.

THEO. N. VAIL,

R

P R E S ID E N T

e c e iv e d

F1 77 C H LY

E C L V ID E R E

1421

at
42

D R O O K S , GENERAL MANAGER

NL 5 EXA
B O IS E

IDAHO JAN 2 6

1914

M C E L L IO T T
SECY RESERVE BANK ORGANIZER
THE MEMBERS OF THE B O IS E
T H E IR

CLEAR IN G

COMMITTEE BE ALLOV/ED TO

BE HELD AT PORTLAND OWING

HOUSE A S S O C IA T IO N REQUEST THAT

APPEAR AT THE M EETING TO
TO THE SHORT T IM E

BETWEEN NOW AND THE M EETING




COM WASHN DC

IN TE R V E N IN G

AT SEA TTLE

W L BEAR
SECY B O IS E CLRG HOUSE ASSN

123 AM

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

% xzK su m > jgejmrtmeixt
TELEGRAM

20P0 MO 78 Collect Govt
PORTLAUD

Ogn Tan 28 1914

M G E llio t t , Secretary
Reserve Bank Organization Committee,
Washington,D.C.
Answering your wire twenty sixth. Mr M ills is not in town. Have con­
sulted with other members of committee and find that arrangements
for hearing before Federal Reserve Committee are quite complete.
Hearing w ill be held in the Federal Court Room. List w ill
prepared
and delivered upon a rfiv al of committee. If there are any details
you wish me to look after wire me fu lly




136

L L Mulit
416 pm

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM.
WHERE WRITTEN:

»

Washington,

U8SRYE BANK ORGANIZATION COMMIT?**.
January 29* 1914#
TO

!*• L* K tillV
Bsjtk
Four himdrad a i s Cwatott Houaa,
Portland, 0 ra^an*
Tour wire* Plea»* ooa Cua to i l an and arracga fo r lars® tab I t
f©r
smaller t&blaa for official a t^faogriphora**** praaa
rep©H>ara and Secretary of mating*

Sacratafy
Rosarra Bmnfc organisation Cowrittaa*

OFFICIAL BU8INE88.
GOVERNMENT RATE8.
C harge T

reasury

OFF! Cl AL»

D e p a r t m e n t , A p p r o p r ia t io n

2—6827




f o r ________________________________________________________

The appropriation from which payable must be stated on above line.

- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --

DEPARTMENTAL STOCK FORM 2 128.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM.
W H E R E W H IT T E N :

sfmBW

W ashington,

RESERVE BANK ORGANIZATION COUiilTTM"
January 26y 1914*
TO

j,. l . U n lit, National Bank Examiner,
Four handred tlx Custom House,
Portland, Oregon•
Can you assist in arranging d etails of hearing Organisation
Committee Portland* Please see A.L . Mil i s , Chairman Joint Conunittee
Clearing House and Chamber Coiamerea and advise i f place for meeting has
been selected* Custodian Federal Building w ill advisa k l yon i f Court
Room available* Committee arrivos Portland s ix fo r ty -fiv e A*M. January
th irtieth * Can you meet Conmittea and deliver l i s t s of those to appear?
Answer after conference with Hr* H ills*

Secret ary
Reserve Bank Organisation Committee
O F F IC IA L B U S IN E S S.
GOVERNMENT RATES.
C harge T reasury

««• ■ »* «* * *

SXX OFFICIAL*

D e p a r t m e n t , A p p r o p r ia t io n

jJ— 6827




f o r

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The appropriation from w hich pajrable must be stated on above line.

D E P A R T M E N T A L S T O C K FO R M

2 128.

'I'lM’J WJ.....j

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Form 2289 B

N I0H T L E T T E R

THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY
INCORPORATED

25,000 OFFICES IN AMERICA

CABLE SERVICE TO ALL TH E WORLD

This Company TRANSM ITS and D ELIVER S messages only on conditions limiting its liability, which have been assented to by the sender of the following N lfh t Letter.
Errors can be guarded against only by repeating a message back to the sending station for comparison, and the Company will not hold itself liable for errors or delays in
transmission or delivery of IJnrepeated N ight Letters, sent at reduced rates, beyond a sum equal to the amount paid for transmission; nor in way case beyond the sum of
F ifty D ollars, at which, unless otherwise stated below, this message has been valued by the sender thereof, nor in any case where the claim is not presented in writing within
sixty days after the message is filed with the Company for transmission.
This is an U K SE P E A T E D N IG H T L ETTER , and is delivered by request of the sender, under the conditions named above. ,

T H E O . N . V A IL , PRESIDENT

•ELVIDUC.BE B R O O K S , GENERAL MANAGER

.............

R
e c e iv e d a t f ^ t g c h ly
n t^ U V tU M I

M

0

FLLIOTT

SECRETARY

101 n l s

.... lo

.

exa

^

;

PXIPORTLAMO ORO JAN <:0 1914

RESERVE BANK ORGAN I ZATtdfM UW M lTTEE V/A8HN 00

*

THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND

PORTLAND CLEARING HOUSE ASSOCIATION ‘>7IL L

ENGAGE SUITABLE ROOMS FOR THE

ORGANIZATION COMMITTEES HEARING TO BE

HELD IN PORTLAND JANUARY TH IR TIE TH

AND ALSO SUITABLE ACCOMMODATIONS AT

THE MULTNOMAH HOTEL WHICH THE

ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE AND THEIR PARTY

CAN USE AS HEADQUARTERS WHILE

IN THE C ITY I T IS

IMPOSSIBLE- AT PRESENT TO GIVE

L I ST OF SPEAKERS BUT THE

PORTLANO COMMITTEE PROPOSES TO HAVE
Hnj_imi—

Ml.I—
IISIIIUWll«lWl'**,l,"^"^^*~rn<W
W
W
l|l|>l

;>JD FROM THE BANKS OF THE

_

NORTHV/EST

COMMITTEE THE NUMBER OF SPEAKERS
AMOUNT OF TIME THE ORGANIZATION




REPRESENTATIVES OF^ VARIOUS INDUSTRIES

I■ ..... 11...............Ill

A L MILLS

TERRITORY ADDRESS THE ORGANIZATIOt.

TO BE DETERMINED BY THE
COMMITTEE CAN ALLOW

CHAIRMAN JO IN T COMMITTEES

555 AM

Reproduced from the Unclassified / Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM
WHERE WRITTEN;

W a s h in g to n ,

Reserve bank o r g a n iz a t! . on commit to o «
January

TO

19 , 1914 .

Chaiqm&n,
Chamber o f Coraraeree,
P o r t l a n d , Oregon.
H e a ri n g s o f Committee w i l l be !e l d a t P o r t l a n d F r i d a y ,
January t h i r t i e t h ,

begin- >ing a t n i n e o ' c l o c k .

Please

w i r e l i s t o f names o f t h o s e d e s i r i n g to be hsard.

Secretary
Reserve ^ank O r g a n i z a t i o n Committee.
O F F IC IA L BU S IN E S S.
GOVERNMENT RATES.
C harge T reasury

OFFIC I Hi .

D e p a r t m e n t , A p p r o p r ia t io n

2— 6827




f o r

____________________ _________________________________________

The appropriation from which payable roust be stated on above line.

D E P A R T M E N T A L S T O C K FO R M 2 1 2 8 .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

TREASURY DEPARTMENT TELEGRAM
WHERE WRITTEN:

W a s h in g to n ,

EF,SERVE BANK ORGANIZATION CO-iUlTTEK.
TO

Chairman,
C l e a r i n g House A s s o c i a t i o n ,
P o r t l a n d , Oregon.

January 19 , IS 14 .

Hea ring s o f Committee w i l l be
Friday,

"old at

January t h i r t i e t h , b e g i n n i n g a t nin e o * c l o c k .

'or tla nd
Please

w ir e names of t h o s e d e s i r i n g tc no h e a r d .

Secretary
Reserve ft&nk O r g a n i z a t i o n Committee.
OFFICIAL.
O F F IC IA L B U SIN ESS.
GOVERNMENT RATES.
C harge T reasury

D e p a r t m e n t , A p p r o p r ia t io n

2— 6827




f o r

____________ __________________________________________________

The appropriation from which payable must bo stated on above line.

D E P A R T M E N T A L S T O C K FO R M 2 12 8 .

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

January 19t 1914*

M2M0RANDUM FOE SECRETARY NEWTOH:
F*d*ralCourt Rooia, Portland, doss not

*$p»ar to b» a v a ila b le .

V I11 fca glad I f you ca»

•mggaat proper plaoe fo r haarlag*




Sasratary,
Hasarva |ink Organisation Coarstttaa.

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

(J /

WESTERN UNION
TELEGRAM

/

________________

T H E O . N . V A IL , P R E S ID E N T

RECEIVED AT Wyatt Building, Cor. 14th and FSts., Washington, D. C. AiiKS*
F24CH FB 29

CO LLECT GOVT
B PORTLAND ORE DEC 2 6

1913

I I mill...II

BYRON R NEWTON
TREASURY DEPARTMENT WASHINGTON DC
COURT ROOM A V A I L A B L E

ANY DAY

U N T IL

REQUIRED CAN BE G IV E N BEFORE -H A N D




JANUARY F I F T E E N

FOR

INFO RM ATIO N

IF

DATE

OF JUDGE

MYERS CUSTODIAN

728P M

Form 168

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives




..YOLIIlTCr

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Rates 75c
Sample R

Rooms w ith Private Bath.
Cold ^Vater in

4 up, European Plan.
s.

H ot and
R oom .

Jok nson H otel
Corner First Street and Grand Avenue, One BlocklSouth of
Depot— Remodeled and Everything N ew a n | f" ^ v •
U p-to-D ate— Cafe in Connection.
\I
s

v n m m e',

m
J

fa t r
L

e,

x

u ^ zzM

^ t

J

j£*
'itLd




2^^- w v.

< 5^^/

X).

^ sfcr-v J s^

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Rates 75c '■'d up, European Plan.
Saipple 1
is.

Rooms with Private Bath.
Cold ^Vater in

H ot and
R oom .

Johnson H otel
Corner First Street and Grand Avenue, One Block South of
Depot— Remodeled and Everything N ew and
U p-to-D ate—Cafe in Connection.

JM -

~$r- ’•f—

(Z ^ ^ c^ f^ v y*

C

c^ /

*~ C u C




C ^ y z> ^ ^

6^

^

&>

__

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Rates 75c '
Sample Rv

1 up, European Plan.

Rooms with Private Bath. H ot and
Cold "Water in I
Room .

Johnson H otel
Corner First Street and Grand Avenue, One Block South of
Depot— Remodeled and Everything N ew and
U p-to-D ate—Cafe in Connection.

e; wwh.

JM .

y .

O ^h

A )c * .

y~

^

—

____ ^ ___

2)




~ ^ v * r^ -d b -

\ < s^

Reproduced from the Unclassified I Declassified Holdings of the National Archives

Rates
up, European Plan.
Sample Rb~.ds.

Rooms w ith Private Batf
Cold W a ter in .

H ot and
Room .

Joknson
Corner First Street and Grand Avenue, One Block South of
Depot— Remodeled and Everything N ew and
U p-to-D ate— Cafe in Connection.

JM-

-

*y~

~^T i

c-~-ZZJL /£X-~d Cx_>*—
< = *-

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■ vijf




^
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