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EXCHANGE AND TRADE CONTROLS
Theory of Exchange Control
Exchange control and capital flights
Exchange control by rationing
Exchange control and rate discrimination
Exchange control and bilateral payments
Escape from exchange control
GOLD STANDARD AND REGULATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGES
The Gold Standard
Definitions
Gold Parities
Gold flows and balance of payments
Gold suspensions
Secular bias in
OTHER MONETARY STANDARDS
Gold Exchange standard
Currency-exchange standard
Gold-settlement standard
Exchange stabilization funds
Silver standard
Bimetallism.
EXCHANGE AND TRADE CONTROLS
Exchange Control
Clearing Agreements
Quotes
Bilateral Balancing
Discrimination
AMES, Edward
Soviet Bloc Currency Conversions, AMERICAN ECONOMIC
REVIEW, Vol. U, June, 1954, pp. 339-53-
AMES, Edward
Soviet bloc currency c o n v e r s i o n s , AMERICAN
ECONOMIC REVIEW, XLK, June, 19$h, p p . 3 3 9 - £ 3 .
AMES, Edward
International trade without markets- The Soviet
bloc case, AMERICAN ECONOMEC REVIEW, XLI7, D e c , 1951*,
pp. 791-807.
AMES, Edward
The exchange rate in Soviet-type
economies, REVIEW OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, XXXV,
November, 1953, PP. 337-42.
ANDERSEN, P. Nyboe
BILATERAL EXCHANGE CLEARING POLICY. London:
Oxford University Press for the I n s t i t u t e of Economics
and History, Copenhagen, 1946. Pp. 242.
Review: by F. A. Southard, J r . , AMERICAN ECONOMIC
REVIEW, XXXVII, June, 1947, pp. 465-67.
theoretical analysis of exchange control:
clearing agreements since 1931
MLOGH, T.
The drift towards a rational foreign
exchange policy, ECONOMIC*, VII, March, 19hOs pp.
1-26. Reprinted i n STUDIES IN WAR ECONOMICS,
Oxford: Blackirell, 19h7.
BALOGH, Thoiaas
"The drift towards a rational foreign exchange
policy, ECONOMICA, VII,
August, 1940 •
Pp. 32-
BALOGH, Thomas
Foreign exchange and export trade policy,
ECONOMIC JOURNAL,
March, 1940.
Pp. 26.
BONNELL, Allen Thomas
GERMAN CONTROL OVER INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
RELATIONS, 1930-1S4Q. "Illinois Studies in the Social
Sciences," Vol. XXVI, no. 1.
Urbana; University
of Illinois Press, 1940. Pp. 167.
Reviev: by M. Palyi, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY,
Vol. 50, Aug., 1942, pp. 779-80.
B<M TT£f\
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CHALMERS, Henry
The depression and foreign trade barriers,
THE ANNALS of the American Academy of Political &
Social Science, Vol,
July* 1934-
CLAT, Sir Henry
The case for exchange controls, FOREIGN AFFAIRS,
July, 1950.
NlS7t>M
tfareh
'***•
CONDLIFFE, John B.
"Economic Pover as an Instrument of National
Policy," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SUPPLEMENT, XXHV,
No* 1, March, 19UU, pp. 305-315•
CONDLIPTE, John B.
THE EECONSTBUCTION OF WORLD TRADE.
Hev York J V. V. Norton & Co., Inc., 1940.
De LOOPER, J. H. C.
Resent Latin American experience with bilateral
trade and payments agreements, IMF—STAFF PAPERS, IV,
September, 19$h, pp. 85-112.
DIETRICH, Ethel B.
WORLD TRADE. New York:
1939. Pp. v i + 4 5 8 .
Henry Holt & C o . ,
DIETRICH, Ethel
VOBLD TRADE. Nev York: Henry Holt &
Co., 1939.
DIETRICH, Ethel
The new model trade agreements, JOURNAL. OF
POLITICAL ECONOMY, Vol. 42, No. 5, October, 1934,
pp. 595-612.
U.K. commercial policy
DIETRICH, Ethel B.
"The nev model t r a d e agreements,"
JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, v o l . 4 2 , Oct. 1934,
pp. 595-612.
trade controls
DIETRICH, Ethel
Vol. 23,
French import quotas, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW,
1933, pp. 661-674.
EINZIG, Paul
THE EXCHANGE CLEARING SYSTEM. London:
Macmillan & Co., M-d., 1934.
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EINZIG, Paul
Blocked Currencies, THE BANKER,
December, 1933*
ELLIS, Howard S.
"Exchange control and discrimination,"
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXVII, Dec. 1947, pp.
877-88.
ELLIS, Hovard S.
Exchange control and discrimination, AMERICAN
ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXVII, December, 194-7, pp. 877888.
ELLIS, H. S.
Bilateralism and the future of international
trade. ESSAYS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, No. 5.
PrincetonJ International Finance Section, Princeton
University, 1945. Pp. 22.
ELLIS, Howard S.
w
Bilateralism and the future of international
trade," ESSATS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, No. 5 .
Princetons Princeton University Press, 1945.
Exchange controls
ELLIS, H. S.
"Bilateralism and the future of international
trade," ESSAIS IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE NO. 5Princeton, Princeton University Press, 194-5.
ELLIS, Howard S.
"Removal of r e s t r i c t i o n s on trade and c a p i t a l , "
in POSTWAR ECONOMIC PROBLEMS (ed, by S. E. H a r r i s ) .
New York* McGraw-Hill, 1945, pp. 545-559.
Commercial p o l i c y - g e n e r a l
discussion
ELLIS, Howard S.
M
The problem of exchange systems in the
postwar world," AMERI4NnE00N0MIC REVIEW, SUPPLEMENT,
XXXII,
1942, pp. 195-205-
Balance of Payments and concept of international equilibria
ELLIS, Howard S.
"The Problem of Exchange Systems in
the Postwar World," THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW,
SUPPLEMENT, XXHI, No. 1, Part 2, March, 1942, pp.
195-205.
Discussion: HABERLER, G., Chairman;
K. L. Anderson; Antonin Basch; Imre de Vegh;
Heinrich Heuser; Folke Hilgerdt; M.L. Hoffman;
Fritz Machlup; Hans Neisser; A. R„ Upgrean, ibid.,
pp. 206-211.
ELLIS, Howard S.
EXCHANGE CONTROL IN CENTRAL EUROPE.
Harvard Economic Studies, Vol. LXIX. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1941 • Pp* xiv + 413 •
Review:
by F. A. Southard, Jr., JOURNAL OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY, pp. U9-50.
ELLIS, Howard S.
EXCHANGE CONTROL IN CENTRAL EUROPE.
Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1941.
ELLIS, Howard S.
EXCHANGE CONTROL IN CENTRAL EUROPE. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press. London: Oxford University
Press, 1941- Pp. xiv, 413.
ELLIS, Howard S.
Exchange control in Austria and
Hungary, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS,
November, 1939*
Pp. 135.
ELLIS, Howard S.
"Exchange c o n t r o l i n A u s t r i a and Hungary, M
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, LIV,
1959, PART II of i s s u e , p p . 1-185.
"Exchange c o n t r o l i n Germany, n i b i d . , I , &mx
M X X M * 1959, PP. 1-220.
Exchange c o n t r o l s
EVITT, H. E.
EXCHANGE AND TRADE CONTROL IN THEORY AND
PRACTICE. London: Pitman,
3d ed., 1952.
FEIS, Herbert
THE CHANGING PATTERN OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC
AFFAIRS. New York: Harper & B r o s . , 1940. Pp. x +
132.
Review;
by Folke H i l g e r d t , JOURNAL OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY, Vol. 50, F e b . , 1933, pp. 144-46.
Disorganization of i n t e r n a t l . trade
i n 1 9 3 0 f s j new d e v i c e s of commercial
policy
FELLNER, William
Die quantitative Selbstregulierung der
Zahlungsbilanz, ARCHIV. FUR SOZIALVISSLNSCHAFT UND
SOZIALPOLITIK,
September-October, 1933.
Pp. 51.
FFORDE, J. S.
Cyclical fluctuations and the growth of discriminatory alignments in international trade,
ECONOMIC JOURNAL, LXV, March, 1955, pp. 36-51.
FLiKENG, J. Marcus
Regional organization of trade and payments,
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SUPPLiMENT, Vol, 42,
May, 1952, pp. 345-353 •
Discussion:
by A* 0* Hirschman and Robert Triffin,
l o c , c i t . , pp. 359-368*
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GIBBONS, Alan 0.
Foreign exchange control in Canada, 1939-51,
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS & POLITICAL SCIENCE,
XIX, no. 1, February, 1953.
GIBBONS, Allan 0 .
Foreign exchange c o n t r o l i n Canada, 1 9 3 9 - 5 1 ,
CANADIAN JOUHNAL OF ECONOMICS & POLITICAL SCIENCE,
H X , February, 1953, pp. 3 5 - 5 4 .
GIBBONS, Alan 0.
Foreign exchange control in Canada, 1939-51,
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS & POLITICAL SCIENCE,
XIX, February, 1953, pp. J>$-6h.
GORDON, Margaret S.
BARRIERS TO WORLD TRADE: A STUDY OF
RECENT COMMERCIAL POLICY. New York: Macmillan Co.,
1941. Pp. xii + 530.
Review:
by P. V. Bidv»ell, JOUPNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, XLIX,
October 1941, pp. 769-71.
HABERLER, Gottfried ami HILL, Martin
QUANTITATIVE TRADE CONTROLS—THEIR CAUSES AND
NATURE. Prepared for the Economic, Financial, and
Transit Department of the League of Nations. Geneva
Leage of Nations; Nev York: Columbia University Press,
1943. Pp. 45.
Reviev:
by Loyle A. Morrison, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW,
XXXIV, Sept., 1 9 U , pp. 609-11.
HAIGBT, F. A.
FRENCH IMPORT QUOTAS. London: P. S. King &
Son, Ltd., 1935. Pp. xi, 131.
HAIGHT, P. A.
FRENCH IMPORT QUOTAS. "Studies in
Economics and Commerce, London School of Economies
and Political Science, No. 6.
London: P. S.
King & Son, Ltd., 1935. Pp. xi + 131.
Review: by Marjorie Frank! in Freeman, JOURNAL OF
POLITICAL ECONOMY, vol. U , Aug. 1936, pp. 573-4
HEUSER, Heinrich
CONTROL OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
B l a k i s t o n , 1933. Pp. x , 282.
Philadelphia:
Review:
by E. B. Dietrich, American Economic Review,
XXX, March, 1940, pp. 159-60.
HEUSER, H. K.
The German method of combined debt
l i q u i d a t i o n and e x p o r t s t i m u l a t i o n , REVIEW OF
ECONOMIC STUDIES,
J u n e , 1934.
Pp. 8 .
HILLMANN, H. C.
Analysis of Germany's foreign trade and the
war, ECONOMICA,
February, 1940.
HOLDFN, Grenville
Rationing and exchange control in British
war finance, QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, LIV,
February, 1940, pp. 171-200.
H0LZMAN, F.
Discrimination i n international trade,
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXIX, D e c , 19h9.
HUBER, J* Richard
The effects of German clearing
agreements on import restrictions of cotton,
SOUTHERN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, VI,
1940.
HUBER, John Richard
The effects of German clearing agreements and
import restrictions on cotton, 1934-1939, THE SOUTHERN
ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Vol. VI, No. 4, April, 1940.
exchange and trade controls
JANES, C. V.
History of exchange control i n A u s t r a l i a ,
ECONOMIC RECORD,
June, 1940.
Pp. 1 8 .
M
Jolly, Pierre
Clearing off international conmercial debts.
(In: Harvard business review, Jm•1935,p^l86-92#)
Suggests that in view of the chaos in the
worl& of trade that these arrangements though
not Classical economics hafre filled a very necea*
sary need and explains their manner of functioning*
Exchange clearing
France-Finance
KEYNES, J. M.
National self-sufficiency, THE YALE
REVIEW,
June, 1933.
LAUTERBACH, A. T.
The future of foreign trade controls,
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY,
October, 1944.
Pp. 19.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
COMMERCIAL POLICY IN THE POST-WAR WORLD: REPORT
OF THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL COMMITTEES. Geneva:
League of Nations, 1945- Pp. 124.
Review: by William Diebold, Jr., JOURNAL OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY, LIV, Oct. 1946, pp. 465-6.
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LEMKIN, Raphael
La R/glementation des paiements internationaux*
Pails* Editions A. Pedone, 1939. Pp. xxii, £22.
Preface by M« van Zeeland (dir., B.IeS.).
Review: by J. B. Condliffe, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY, LI, Feb., 1943, pp. 79-80.
by Polish jurist- Condliffe
says "most complete and penetrating study that
has been made of the means available for international payments, the methods by which thejc may
be transferred, the restrictions which in recent
years have been placed upon such transference,
and the legal problems that have arisen in that
connection.
LEMKIN, Raphael
Le Reglementation des paiements internationaux. Paris: Editions A. Pedone, 1939.
Pp. xxii, 422.
LENSCHOW, Gerhard
Long-term economic significance of currency
and trade restrictions, CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
& POLITICAL SCIENCE, XVI, February, 1 # 0 , pp. 63-9.
LIPPMANN, Valter
Self sufficiency—Some random reflections,
FOREIGN AFFAIBS,
January, 1934.
MA.SON, Edward S.
CONTROLLING WORLD TRADE. New York: McGrawHill Book Co., 19k6.
(CED Research Study.)
MEADE, James E.
Thu removal of trade barriers: The regional
versus the universal approach, ECONOMICA, XVIIt
(new series), No. 70, May, 1951.
MENDES-FRANCE, Pierre
Ie i t necessary to maintain exchange
controls?
BEVUE DE SCIENCE ET DE LEGISLATION
FINANCIEEES, No. 1, Jan.-March 1954.
MOMTCHILOFF,
N. I .
Schachtian znercantilism, JOURNAL OF
INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS, I I , August, 19$h3 p p .
105-173.
MOMTCHILOFF, N.
TEN YEARS OF CONTROLLED TRADE IN SOUTH-EASTERN
EUROPE. ("National Institute of Economic and Social
Research, Occasional Papers, w No. 6.) Cambridge:
University Press; New lork: Macmillan Co., 1944- Pp.
35.
Review: by Benjamin B. Wallace, Journal of P o l i t i c a l
Economy, LIV, Aug., 1946, p. 380.
The
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removal
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OHLIM, Bertil
"Mechanisms and objectives of exchange control."
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SUPPLEMENT, XXVII, March
1937, pp. 141-50.
IT
Ohlin, Bertil
BfechanisBt and objectives of exchange control
(In: itaer.Econ.Bev* Supply March 1937 p*141-50»)
Discussion of the various Mays of controlling
exchanges.
Exchange- Stabilization
Exchange equalization account,Gt. Brit.
n
n
fund f U.S.
OHLIN, Bertil
Mechanisms and objectives of exchange control,
AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SUPPLEMENT, XXVII,
March, 1937., pp. 141-150.
Pp. 11.
Discussion.ifcid.. pp. 196-198.
POLK, Judd and PATTEBflGH, Gardnar
The emerging pattern of bilateral!sm, QUARTERLY
JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, L H I , November, 1947, pp. 118-42.
POLK, Judd and PATTERSOR, Gardner
The emerging pattern of bilateralism, QUARTERLY
JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS,
November, 1947.
25 pp.
POLK, Judd
The future of frozen foreign funds, THE AMERICAN
ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXII, June, 1942, pp. 255-271.
PREDOHL, Andreas
and FICK, Harald
Memorandum on the Experiences of Countries
Applying Foreign Exchange Control, in THE PROBLEMS
OF MONETAE! STABILIZATION•
Paris: International
Chamber of Commerce, June, 1914, PP« 25S-287.
Rumania-C zechoslovakia-Germany-Denmark;
South American countries.
PREST, A. R.
¥AR ECONOMICS OF PRIMARY PRODUCING COUNTRIES.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1948. Pp. ix,
308.
Review: by Wilbert G. Fritz, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW,
Vol. 41, June, 1951, pp. 492-94.
Problem of wartime controls, 1939-45,
in primary producing countries (India, 7 Middle
Eastern countries and the British Crown Colonies,
Nigeria and Trinidad
RASHINSKT, Louis
"Foreign exchange control: Purposes
and methods," in CMADIM WAR ECONOMICS, ed« by J. F.
Parkinson. Toronto:
1941-
R i t t e r , Karl
Germany's experience with c l e a r i n g a g r e e ments*
( I n : Foreign A f f a i r s , April 1936, p . 4 6 5 475*)
Explaining the e f f e c t s on trade roads of
the clearing system. The author regards the
arrangements as only m a k e s h i f t s .
Exchante c l e a r i n g .
The
mWe
sf
**lerp?Ai>Gt<zl ™*<Jo
ROBINSON, Roland I.
British and American controls in the
money markets, DUN f S REVIEW,
June, 19-48* Pp. 2.
International finance
RONA, F.
Objectives and methods of exchange control
in the United Kingdom during the war and post-war
transition, ECONOMICS, XIII, Nov., 19h6, pp. 259-77.
BONA, F.
Objectives and methods of exchange control in the
United Kingdom during the var and post-war transition,
&CONOMICA,
November, 1946.
Pp. *9.
SALERA, Virgil
EXCHANGE CONTROL AND THE ARGENTINE MARKET,
Columbia University Studies in History, Economics and
Public Law," No. 435. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1941. Pp. 283.
Review:
by H. S. Ellis, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY,
Vol. 50, October, 194.2, pp. 777-9.
SALERA, Virgil
EXCHANGE CONTROL AND THE ARGENTINE MARKET.
Studies in History, Economics and Public Law No.
485. New York: Columbia University Press, 1941.
Pp. 283.
Review:
by F. V. Fetter, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXXII,
June, 1942, pp. 383-S4.
SALTER, Sir Artimr
World Trade and Its Future. London:
Oxford University Press, 1936. Pp. 101.
William J. Cooper Foundation Lectures,
given at Swarthmore College.
Review*
layG. D. H. Cole, ECONOMIC JOURBAL, XLVII,
Jizne, 1937, pp. 335-37.
V*>
eass
'W Hffi
vO tJ
h O
a>
S 8? f
3
a
SALTER, Sir Arthur
WORLD TRADE AND ITS FUTURE. Philadelphia:
University of Pennsylvania Press, 1936. Pp. 101.
SALTER, S i r Arthur
The Way Outs Internationalism?
TIMES MAGAZINE, July 2 , 1955.
NEW YORK
SALTER, Sir Arthur
The Future of Economic Nationalism, FOREIGN
AFFAIRS,
October, 19J2.
SCHACHT, Hjalmar
German trade and German debts, FOREIGN
AFFAIRS,
October, 1934.
Pp. 5.
SCHVEITZER, A.
The role of foreign trade in the Nazi
var economy, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY,
August, 1943.
Pp. 16.
SCHWEITZER, Arthur
The role of foreign trade in the iiazi war
economy, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, Vol. LI, No.
Ut August, 1943, ?p. 322- 337.
Var economy and foreign trade
SCOTT, H. D.
Foreign exchange—control and free,
CANADIAN BANKER,
July, 1940.
Pp. 7.
SCROGGS, V. 0.
German debts and export bounties, FOREIGN
AFFAIRS,
April, 1934.
Pp. 3-
SMITH, A . H.
Evolution of exhange c o n t r o l , ECONOMICA, XVI,
August, 19h9, pp. 210-U8.
STAUBINGER, Hans
The future of totalitarian barter trade, SOCIAL
BESEAECH,
November, 1949*
TRIFFIN, Robert
Exchange control and e q u i l i b r i u m , i n FOREIGN
ECONOMIC POLICY FOR THE UNITED STATES, e d . by S. E .
H a r r i s . New York: McGraw-Hill, 19U8, chap. 2 3 .
U. S. TARIFF COMMISSION
FOREIGN-TRADE AND EXCHANGE CONTROLS IN GERMANY.
Report No. 150, Second Series.
Washington: 19-42.
WANG, T. C.
An Analysis of Japan1 s Foreign Exchange
and Trade Control System. Washington, D . C :
International Monetary Fund, 1951
WELK, William
ITALIAN COMERCIAL POLICY AND FOREIGN TRADE.
Washington: U. S . T a r i f f Commission, l p l i l .
WHITE, Horace G., Jr.
Blocked commercial balances in American
foreign policy, THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXIX,
March, 1939, pp. 74-91.
VHITTLESEf, C. R.
Import quotas in the United States,
QUAKTERLT JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS,
November, 1937.
Pp. 29.
WilTTLESEY, C. R.
Governmental control and the theory of
i n t e r n a t i o n a l t r a d e and finance, QUARTERLY JOURNAL
OF ECONOMICS,
November, 1936.
Pp. 16.
WHITTLESEY, C, R.
"Governmental control and the theory of
international trade and finance," QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF
ECONOMICS,
November 1936.
16 pp.
WHITTLESEY, C R.
Governmental Controls and the Theory of
International Trade and Finance, QUARTERLY JOURNAL
OF ECONOMICS,
November, 1936.
VHITTLESEY, Charles R.
Exchange Control, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW,
XXII, December, 1932,
David Novick: Comment on 'Exchange C o n t r o l , '
i b i d . , XXIII, March, 1933, pp. 85-86
WHITTLESEY, Charles R.
"Exchange control," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW,
XXII, December 1932.
M
Vlfhittleeey, Charles R*
Exchange control.
(in: iuaerican Ucononic
Review, December 1932, p,585-604 # )
Exchange control i s incompatible with the
gold standard even though i t enables the nominal
parity with gold to be maintained.
Case for and agfcinst control of exchangee
Gold standard
Eychange-For sign
WILSON, R. F.
Import control i n New Zealand, 1938-1950,
THE ECONOMIC RECORD,
June, 1950.
WILSON, R. P .
Import c o n t r o l i n New Zealand, 1938-50,
ECONOMIC RECORD, XXVI, June, 1950, p p . 5 0 - 6 8 .
WU, Yuan-Li
ECONOMIC WARFAHE. New York: McGrawHill Book Co., 1952.
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