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CAPITAL FORMATION: THEORY Phenomena of interest rates Short-term investment fluctuations Secular Changes and Persistent International Differences in level of capital fortaation Problem of capital accumulation and instability FORMS OF CAPITAL FORMATION 1. 2. 3. U. private savings corporate savings forced savings bank credit ANDERSON, B.M., Jr. ft Bank Money and the Capital Supply," CHASE ECONOMIC BULLETIN, November 8, 1926. Capital formation — bank credit ANDERSON, B. M., Jr Author File Bank Money and the Capital Supply, CHASE ECONOMIC BULLETIN, VI, November 3, 1926. Commercial Banking and Capital Formation BARREKE, Alain Relationship between capital and production, REVUE D'ECONOMIE POLITIQUE, Vol. 65, no. 3, M ay-June, 1955, pp. 332-409. PTO. seem to yield better results than global analysis where the differences between sectors are passed over in silence. The study of capital coefficients is not applicable to the analysis of entrepreneurial behavior. Jean Parent, ECONOMIC ABSTRACTS no. 20, Entry 2054, Dec. 1955, P- 942. Capital theory and theory of production—strangers to one another for a long time—show a tendency for reunion; the connecting point is the study of the capitalistic structure of production. The capital coefficient can be conceived in two ways: as a coefficient of capital intensity in studies on the capital-production relationship, as a coefficient of capitalization in the relationship between investment and revenue. It appears that the intensity coefficient remained stable for a long time but has tended to decline since. It is not a reliable research tool, in the short run, because unutilized capacity cannot be accounted for. The capital coefficients make it possible to formulate precisely the problem^ of choosing the proper type of investment*7in ^§?rdeyeloped cowtries. BYE, Raymond T. and MOULTON, H. G. "Capital formation and inequality," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVI, December, 1936, pp. 607-620. COMMONS, John R. Capacity to produce, capacity to consume, capacity to pay debts, THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVII, December, 1937, pp. 680-697. COPELAND, Morris A., and MARTIN, Edvin M. National income and capital formation, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, Vol. XLVII, No. 3, June, 1939, pp. 398-407. COPLAND, M. A. and MARTIN, E.M. National income and c a p i t a l formation, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, June, 1939. Pp. 1 0 . H Wealth - Great Britain Feaveryearf JU E. Capital accumulation and unemployment. (In* Economic Journalf June. 1956, p.211-224) An eatimate of the rate af capital accumulation in. Great Britain and of the quantity of investment likely to be required to provide for future unemployment. M Humphrey, Don D* Analysis of capital supply and national wsrllbeing* (In:Amer*Econ*Rev*fDec,1937,p*705-10.) Hi% Humphrey demolished the theory of Hr» Snyder that capital supply is increased by the greater concentration of income* Capital Snyder, Carl FRIDAY, DAVID "The Foimation of Capital: Measurement and Belation to Economic Activity" A.E.H. SUPPLEMENT, Vol XXIII, NO. 1 March, 1933 HANSEN, A. H., Chairman? FRIDAY, David; KUZNETS, Simonj HARDY, CO.; RIEFLER, Vir.field; and ROGERS, James Harvey "The Formation of Capital: Measurement and Relation to Economic Instability," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SUPPLEMENT, m i l , March, 1933, pp. 91-97. Only Friday's remarks published in the record. KEYNES, J.M. The process of capital formation, ECONOMIC JOURNAL, September, 1939• Pp. 6. KOO, A. Y C. Per capita rate of economic growth, ¥ELTWIRTSCHAFTLICHES ARCHIV, Band 74B Heft 1, 1955, pp* 47- In considering the long-run effect of capital accumulation on ec. growth, the change of population should be taken into account. The author discusses contributions to this point of view by Spengler, Domer, and others. Two alternative formulations are presented, each illustrated by a diagram. KUZNETS, Simon "Proportion of capital formation to national product," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SUPPLMBKT, Vol* 42, May, 1952, pp. 507-526. Discussion: by J. S* Duesenberry, Frank R* Qarfield, and R. W. Goldsmith, loc. cit., pp. 55&-570. LERNER, A. P. On the marginal product of capital and the marginal efficiency of investment, THE JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONQMI, L H , February, 1953, pp- 1-U. LEHNER, A* P. Capital investment and interest, PROCEEDINGS OF THE MANCHESTER STATISTICAL SOCIETY, 1936-37, pp. 26-31. THE ECONOMICS OF CONTROL. Nev York: Macmillan C<J., 1944, chap. 25. LEVIN, M., MOULTON, H.G., and VARBURTON, Clark AMERICA'S CAPACITY TO CONSUME. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1934. MARSCHAK, J. and LEDERER, W. Kapitalbildung. London: William Hodge & Co., Ltd., 1936. Pp. ix, 315. Review: by R. W. Goldschmidt, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, vol. 46, Aug., 1938, pp. 585-7. pt. 1: theoretical analysis of saving and investment; problem of their measurement; pt. 2: statistical studies (U*S.,G.B* France, German, Netherlands, Switzerland, 1925-30- METZLER, Lloyd A. The rate of interest and the marginal product of capital, JOUENAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, LIII, 1950, pp. 289-306. The rate of interest and the marginal product of capital: a correction, ibid., MftV, 1951, pp. 67-8. MOULTON, H. G. and others CAPITAL EXPANSION, EMPLOIMENT, AND ECONOMIC STABILITY. Washington, B.C.: Brookings Institution, 1940. MOULTON, Harold G. INCOME AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS. Brookings I n s t i t u t i o n , 1935. Washington: MOULTON, Harold G. THE FORMATION OF CAPITAL. Washington: Brookings I n s t i t u t i o n , 1935. NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL CONFERENCE BOARD CAPITAL FORMATION AND ITS ELEMENTS. 1939. New York: NOURSE, E. G. and associates AMERICA'S CAPACITY TO PRODUCE. ¥ashington, B.C.: Brookings Institution, 1934. MOULTON, H.G., EDWARDS, G.W., MAGEE, J. D., and LEWIS, Cleona CAPITAL EXPANSION, EMPLOYMENT, AND ECONOMIC STABILITY. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1940. Pp. xv, 413. Review: by H. H. Villard, AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXX, D e c , 1940, pp. 838-40. MOULTON, Harold G. THE FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION OF SOCIETY 1st ed., 1921 JA<H rev. eda., 1925,71930. IV*?*'"^ FINANCIAL ORGANIZATION AND THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1938. Pp. xviii + 515. complete rewriting of above. Reviewed by L.L. Watkins, JPE, XLVII, June 1939, pp. 426-8 MOULTON, Harold G. "Commercial Banking and Capital Formation, n JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMI, series of four a r t i c l e s , 1918. Nos, 5, 6, 7 and 9: May, June, July, and November, 1918 POWER, John H. Capital Intensity and Economic Growth, in AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, SDPPLMENT, Vol. XLV, No. 2, May, 1955, pp. 197-207 Discussion: by Evsey D. Domar, pp. 222-5J investment model ROOS, Charles F. Annual survey of s t a t i s t i c a l information: Capital formation and the flow of national income in the United States, ECONOMETRICA, Vol. 3 , October, 1935, PPM494 pp. 366-375. SCKELLING, T. C. C a p i t a l growth and e q u i l i b r i u m i n AMERICAN EGQNOKIO REVIEW, Vol. XXXVII, 1947- SNYDER, Carl "The capital supply and national well-being," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVI, June 1936, pp. 195-224. Comments: "When Savers are not saviors," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVII, March 1937, by Jesse H. Bond, pp. 109-11; Mr. Snyder's response, ibid., pp. 111-112. See also Humphrey, Don D.: "Analysis of Capital Supply and National Weil-Being," AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVII, D e c , 1937, pp. 705-10. SNYDER, Carl "The Capital Supply and National Veil-Being, * THJs. AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVI, No. 2, June, 1936, pp. 195-224. Comment by B, S. Keirstead, and A Reply by C. Snyder, TEE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVI, September, 1936, pp. 48384, 485. See also "When Savers Are Not Saviors," by Jesse H. Bond, THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XXVII, March, 1937, pp. 109-11j and Spyder's Response, pp. 111-112. VILLARD, Henry H. Dr. Moulton's estimates of saving and investment, THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW, XVII, September, 1937, pp. 479-489. WRIGHT, D. M. Ihe interpretation of the Ruznetfe-Fabricant figures for 'net' capital consumption, JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, Vol. 50, No. 3, *»ae» W8, pp. 435-43
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