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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: (202) 606-6378 USDL 98-119 Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Thursday, March 26, 1998 WORKERS ON FLEXIBLE AND SHIFT SCHEDULES IN 1997 In May 1997, about 25.0 million full-time wage and salary workers had flexible work schedules that allowed them to vary the time they began or ended work, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The proportion of workers with such schedules was 27.6 percent, up sharply from the 15.1 percent recorded when the data were last collected in May 1991. The increase in flexible work schedules was widespread across demographic groups, occupations, and industries. These findings were obtained from a supplement to the May 1997 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 50,000 households that provides the basic data on national employment and unemployment. The information presented in this release pertain to wage and salary workers who were at work during the May 1997 reference week and who usually worked 35 or more hours per week. The survey also collected information about the prevalence of shift work. For further information about the survey, see the Technical Note. Some of the highlights from the 1997 survey are: --Men were somewhat more likely to be working flexible schedules than women (28.7 and 26.2 percent, respectively). --Private-sector employees were more likely to have flexible work hours than those in the public sector (28.8 versus 21.7 percent). --About 15.2 million persons normally worked a shift other than a regular daytime schedule. Flexible schedules Among whites, 29.6 percent of the men and 27.3 percent of the women had flexible schedules. In contrast, among blacks and Hispanics, the proportions were lower and there was little difference by sex. Overall, the proportions working flexible schedules among all groups has increased considerably since 1991. (See tables A and 1.) Parents were more likely than workers with no children under 18 to work a flexible schedule, 28.9 and 26.8 percent, respectively. (See table 1.) About 42.4 percent of executives, administrators, and managers and 41.0 percent of sales workers were able to vary their work hours. In contrast, less than one-quarter of those employed in administrative support roles or as service workers had such flexibility. Operators, fabricators, and laborers, and precision production, craft, and repair workers were the least likely to have flexible work schedules. (See table 2.) Among private-sector employees, the proportion of workers with flexible schedules was much higher in service-producing industries (31.7 percent) than in goods-producing industries (23.3 percent). In the public sector, flexible schedules were more common among federal government employees (34.5 percent) than workers in state (29.4 percent) or local government (13.1 percent), which includes public elementary and secondary schools. (See table 2.) - 2 Table A. Flexible schedules and shift work of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, May, selected years, 1985-97 --------------------------------------------------------------|Percent with flexible| Percent with | schedules | alternate shifts Characteristics |---------------------|----------------------| May |May |May | May | May | May | 1985 |1991 |1997 | 1985 | 1991 | 1997 --------------------------------------------------------------Sex | | | | | | | | | | | | Total, 16 years | 12.4 | 15.1 | 27.6 | 15.9 | 17.8 | 16.8 and over | | | | | | Men | 13.1 | 15.5 | 28.7 | 17.8 | 20.1 | 19.1 Women | 11.3 | 14.5 | 26.2 | 13.0 | 14.6 | 13.7 | | | | | | Race and Hispanic| | | | | | origin | | | | | | | | | | | | White | 12.8 | 15.5 | 28.7 | 15.3 | 17.1 | 16.1 Black | 9.1 | 12.1 | 20.1 | 19.9 | 23.3 | 20.9 Hispanic origin| 8.9 | 10.6 | 18.4 | 15.5 | 19.1 | 16.0 ---------------------------------------------------------------NOTE: Data for May 1997 are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years because the 1997 data incorporate 1990 census-based population controls and the effects of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey introduced in January 1994. Data exclude the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed. Shift work Among full-time wage and salary workers, 82.9 percent were on regular daytime schedules; alternate schedules worked included evening shifts (4.6 percent), employer-arranged irregular schedules (3.9 percent), night shifts (3.5 percent), and rotating shifts (2.9 percent). Men were more likely than women to work an alternate shift (19.1 and 13.7 percent, respectively). Blacks were more likely than either whites or Hispanics to work such shifts. Since May 1991, the proportion of full-time wage and salary workers on alternate schedules edged down. (See tables A and 3.) The prevalence of shift work was greatest among workers in serviceoriented occupations, such as protective service (55.1 percent)--which includes police, firefighters, and guards--and food service (42.0 percent), and among those employed as operators, fabricators, and laborers (27.0 percent). It was lowest for managers and professionals (9.4 percent) and those in administrative support occupations (8.8 percent). (See table 4.) In private-sector industries, the percent of workers on alternative shifts was highest in eating and drinking places (47.2 percent) and lowest in construction (3.7 percent). Although shift work was generally less common in the public sector, nearly half the local government workers employed in "justice, public order, and safety"--the category that includes police and fire departments--were shift workers. (See table 4.) Beginning and ending hours The May 1997 supplement also provided data on the specific times persons worked during the survey reference week. About 67.0 percent of all full-time wage and salary workers began work at times between 6:30 A.M. and 9:29 A.M., with the greatest concentration around 8 A.M. Three-fifths usually left between 3:30 P.M. and 6:29 P.M., with times around 5 P.M. by far the most frequently reported. (See table 5.) Technical Note These data and other information on work schedules were obtained from a supplement to the May 1997 Current Population Survey (CPS), the monthly survey of about 50,000 households that provides information on employment and unemployment for the nation. Respondents to the May 1997 supplement answered questions about flexible and shift schedules, the reasons for working particular shifts, the beginning and ending hours of work, and homebased work. The data in this release pertain to wage and salary workers who were at work during the May 1997 reference week and who usually worked 35 hours or more per week on their principal job. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-326-2577 Reliability Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes and Estimates of Error" section of the February 1994 and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings. Concepts Data on flexible schedules, shift work, and beginning and ending hours of work were obtained from the following questions: vary 1. 2. 3. Flexible schedules. Do you have flexible work hours that allow you to or make changes in the time you begin and end work? Yes No Don't know Shift work. On your (main) job, do you USUALLY work a regular daytime schedule or some other schedule? 1. A regular daytime schedule (Anytime between 6 A.M. to 6 P.M.) 2. Some other schedule 3. Don't know (If the respondent answers "some other schedule" to the above question, then the following question is asked to determine the shift worked) Which of the following best describes the hours you USUALLY work at this (main) job? 1. A regular evening shift (Anytime between 2 P.M. to midnight) 2. A regular night shift (Anytime around 9 P.M. to 8 A.M.) 3. A rotating shift - one that changes periodically from days to evenings or night 4. Split shift - one consisting of two distinct periods each day 5. An irregular schedule arranged by employer 6. Other 7. Don't know Beginning and ending hours of work. Last week at what time of day did you begin work on your (main) job most days? 1. __hour __minutes A.M./P.M. 2. It varies 3. Don't know Last week at what time of day did you end work on your (main) job most days? 1. __hour __minutes A.M./P.M. 2. It varies 3. Don't know Table 1. Flexible schedules: Full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, May 1997 (Numbers in thousands) Both sexes Women Men Characteristic With flexible schedules Total(1) With flexible schedules Total(1) Number Percent of total With flexible schedules Total(1) Number Percent of total Number Percent of total Age Total 16 years and over............. 90,549 25,031 27.6 52,073 14,952 28.7 38,476 10,079 26.2 16 to 19 years.......................... 20 years and over....................... 20 to 24 years........................ 25 to 34 years........................ 35 to 44 years........................ 45 to 54 years........................ 55 to 64 years........................ 65 years and over..................... 16 to 24 years.......................... 25 to 54 years.......................... 55 years and over....................... 1,640 88,909 8,462 25,208 26,755 19,596 7,778 1,110 10,102 71,559 8,888 339 24,692 1,923 7,161 7,781 5,355 2,129 344 2,262 20,296 2,473 20.7 27.8 22.7 28.4 29.1 27.3 27.4 31.0 22.4 28.4 27.8 1,050 51,023 4,968 14,721 15,434 10,806 4,431 662 6,018 40,961 5,094 177 14,774 1,111 4,231 4,730 3,118 1,334 251 1,288 12,078 1,585 16.9 29.0 22.4 28.7 30.6 28.9 30.1 38.0 21.4 29.5 31.1 590 37,886 3,494 10,486 11,321 8,790 3,347 448 4,084 30,598 3,794 161 9,918 812 2,931 3,051 2,237 796 93 973 8,218 888 27.4 26.2 23.2 27.9 26.9 25.4 23.8 20.7 23.8 26.9 23.4 75,683 10,884 9,635 21,698 2,191 1,769 28.7 20.1 18.4 44,495 5,323 6,283 13,186 1,068 1,147 29.6 20.1 18.3 31,188 5,561 3,352 8,512 1,123 622 27.3 20.2 18.5 21,721 53,369 15,459 5,523 15,358 4,150 25.4 28.8 26.8 12,746 32,756 6,571 3,180 10,077 1,695 24.9 30.8 25.8 8,975 20,613 8,888 2,343 5,281 2,456 26.1 25.6 27.6 55,251 35,298 19,852 15,446 14,824 10,208 5,542 4,666 26.8 28.9 27.9 30.2 31,266 20,807 10,820 9,986 8,596 6,356 3,211 3,146 27.5 30.5 29.7 31.5 23,985 14,491 9,032 5,459 6,228 3,851 2,331 1,520 26.0 26.6 25.8 27.8 Race and Hispanic origin White................................... Black................................... Hispanic origin......................... Marital status Never married........................... Married, spouse present................. Other marital status.................... Presence and age of children Without own children under 18........... With own children under 18.............. With own children 6 to 17............. With own children under 6............. 1 Includes persons who did not provide information on flexible schedules NOTE: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers who were at work during the survey reference week and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black poulation groups. Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with the January 1997 estimates. Table 2. Flexible schedules: Full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, May 1997 (Numbers in thousands) Both sexes Women Men Occupation and industry With flexible schedules Total(1) With flexible schedules Total(1) Number Percent of total With flexible schedules Total(1) Number Percent of total Number Percent of total Occupation Managerial and professional specialty........ Executive, administrative, and managerial.. Professional specialty..................... Mathematical and computer scientists..... Natural scientists....................... Teachers, college and university......... 27,384 13,469 13,915 1,308 507 494 10,651 5,705 4,947 772 327 320 38.9 42.4 35.5 59.0 64.5 64.7 13,882 7,213 6,668 887 353 330 6,407 3,251 3,156 549 240 224 46.2 45.1 47.3 61.9 68.0 68.0 13,502 6,255 7,247 421 154 164 4,245 2,454 1,791 223 87 95 31.4 39.2 24.7 53.0 56.2 58.2 Technical, sales, and administrative support. Technicians and related support............ Sales occupations.......................... Sales workers, retail and personal services.................................. Administrative support, including clerical. 25,779 3,376 9,001 7,828 1,040 3,687 30.4 30.8 41.0 9,992 1,724 5,106 3,613 611 2,315 36.2 35.4 45.3 15,787 1,651 3,895 4,215 429 1,372 26.7 26.0 35.2 3,165 13,402 951 3,101 30.0 23.1 1,428 3,162 464 687 32.5 21.7 1,737 10,240 487 2,414 28.0 23.6 Service occupations.......................... Private household.......................... Protective service......................... Service, except private household and protective................................ Food service............................. Health service........................... Cleaning and building service............ Personal service......................... 11,055 308 1,891 2,373 125 314 21.5 40.5 16.6 6,306 21 1,619 1,256 16 254 19.9 (2) 15.7 4,749 287 272 1,116 109 60 23.5 37.8 22.2 8,855 2,777 1,466 2,000 871 1,934 630 258 326 254 21.8 22.7 17.6 16.3 29.1 4,665 1,441 205 1,252 216 986 263 26 208 63 21.1 18.3 12.9 16.6 29.0 4,190 1,336 1,261 749 655 947 366 232 117 191 22.6 27.4 18.4 15.7 29.2 Precision production, craft, and repair...... Mechanics and repairers.................... Construction trades........................ Other precision production, craft, and repair.................................... 11,519 3,863 4,069 2,023 708 718 17.6 18.3 17.7 10,506 3,672 3,996 1,861 658 707 17.7 17.9 17.7 1,013 192 74 162 50 12 16.0 26.3 (2) 3,587 596 16.6 2,839 497 17.5 748 99 13.3 Operators, fabricators, and laborers......... Machine operators, assemblers, and 14,812 2,156 14.6 11,388 1,815 15.9 3,424 342 10.0 inspectors................................ Transportation and material moving......... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.................................. 6,813 4,351 702 961 10.3 22.1 4,359 4,064 521 914 12.0 22.5 2,454 287 181 47 7.4 16.3 3,648 494 13.5 2,965 379 12.8 683 114 16.7 Private sector............................... Goods-producing industries................. Agriculture.............................. Mining................................... Construction............................. Manufacturing............................ Durable goods.......................... Nondurable goods....................... 75,612 25,925 1,492 541 5,389 18,503 11,179 7,324 21,795 6,033 448 122 1,218 4,245 2,572 1,673 28.8 23.3 30.0 22.6 22.6 22.9 23.0 22.8 45,023 19,458 1,265 473 4,974 12,747 8,148 4,599 13,284 4,640 373 106 1,086 3,074 1,944 1,131 29.5 23.8 29.5 22.4 21.8 24.1 23.9 24.6 30,589 6,466 227 68 415 5,756 3,031 2,725 8,511 1,393 74 16 132 1,170 629 542 27.8 21.5 32.8 (2) 31.8 20.3 20.7 19.9 Service producing industries............... Transportation and public utilities...... Wholesale trade.......................... Retail trade............................. Eating and drinking places............. Finance, insurance, and real estate...... Services................................. Private households..................... Business, automobile, and repair....... Personal, except private household..... Entertainment and recreation........... Professional services.................. Forestry and fisheries................. Government................................... Federal.................................... State...................................... Local...................................... 49,687 6,088 3,969 12,111 3,135 5,857 21,662 391 5,060 1,627 1,051 13,497 36 14,937 2,828 4,125 7,983 15,763 1,669 1,281 3,745 987 2,096 6,971 148 1,607 522 397 4,286 11 3,236 977 1,214 1,046 31.7 27.4 32.3 30.9 31.5 35.8 32.2 37.7 31.8 32.1 37.8 31.8 (2) 21.7 34.5 29.4 13.1 25,565 4,518 2,854 6,812 1,758 2,288 9,094 42 3,319 749 619 4,336 29 7,050 1,621 1,856 3,573 8,644 1,215 979 1,988 497 1,028 3,434 27 1,118 227 231 1,820 11 1,668 535 606 527 33.8 26.9 34.3 29.2 28.2 44.9 37.8 (2) 33.7 30.3 37.3 42.0 (2) 23.7 33.0 32.7 14.8 24,122 1,570 1,115 5,299 1,377 3,569 12,568 350 1,740 878 432 9,161 7 7,887 1,208 2,270 4,410 7,118 454 302 1,757 490 1,068 3,537 120 489 295 167 2,465 1,568 442 608 519 29.5 28.9 27.1 33.2 35.6 29.9 28.1 34.4 28.1 33.7 38.5 26.9 19.9 36.6 26.8 11.8 Industry 1 Includes persons who did not provide information on flexible schedules 2 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers who were at work during the survey reference week and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with the January 1997 estimates. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 3. Shift usually worked: Full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, May 1997 (Percent distribution) Shift workers Characteristic Total workers(1) Regular (thousand daytime s) schedule Total Evening shift Night shift Rotating shift Split shift Employerarranged irregular schedule Other shift Age and sex Total 16 years and over.......... 16 to 19 years..................... 20 years and over.................. 20 to 24 years................... 25 to 34 years................... 35 to 44 years................... 45 to 54 years................... 55 to 64 years................... 65 years and over................ 16 to 24 years..................... 25 to 54 years..................... 55 years and over.................. 90,549 1,640 88,909 8,462 25,208 26,755 19,596 7,778 1,110 10,102 71,559 8,888 82.9 66.4 83.2 75.7 82.8 84.0 85.2 84.8 83.8 74.2 83.9 84.7 16.8 32.9 16.5 23.7 16.7 15.8 14.6 15.0 16.2 25.2 15.8 15.1 4.6 12.5 4.5 7.6 4.7 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.8 8.4 4.2 3.8 3.5 5.0 3.5 5.3 3.5 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.1 5.3 3.3 2.6 2.9 4.0 2.9 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.0 3.4 2.9 2.4 0.4 .9 .4 .3 .4 .4 .3 .6 .3 .4 .4 .6 3.9 8.8 3.8 6.3 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.3 4.7 6.7 3.6 3.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 .9 1.3 1.4 1.4 2.1 3.3 1.0 1.4 2.2 Men................................ Women.............................. 52,073 38,476 80.5 86.1 19.1 13.7 5.0 4.1 4.0 2.8 3.5 2.2 .4 .3 4.4 3.1 1.7 1.0 75,683 10,884 9,635 83.6 78.5 83.6 16.1 20.9 16.0 4.3 6.5 5.4 3.2 5.5 3.2 2.9 3.2 2.1 .4 .4 .3 3.9 4.0 3.8 1.4 1.4 1.2 Men: Never married.................... Married, spouse present.......... Other marital status............. 12,746 32,756 6,571 77.1 82.5 77.3 21.9 17.3 22.1 7.0 3.9 6.6 4.4 3.6 5.1 3.2 3.6 3.6 .4 .4 .5 5.9 3.9 4.2 1.1 1.9 2.0 Without own children under 18.... With own children under 18....... With own children 6 to 17...... With own children under 6...... 31,266 20,807 10,820 9,986 79.8 81.6 82.8 80.3 19.6 18.3 17.1 19.7 5.5 4.2 3.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.7 4.3 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.5 .4 .5 .3 .6 4.6 4.1 3.8 4.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 Race and Hispanic origin White.............................. Black.............................. Hispanic origin.................... Marital status and presence and age of children Women: Never married.................... Married, spouse present.......... Other marital status............. 8,975 20,613 8,888 79.8 89.2 85.4 19.8 10.7 14.5 6.2 3.1 4.5 4.0 2.3 2.9 3.2 1.8 2.0 .2 .3 .3 4.6 2.3 3.6 1.3 .9 1.1 Without own children under 18.... With own children under 18....... With own children 6 to 17...... With own children under 6...... 23,985 14,491 9,032 5,459 85.0 87.9 88.4 87.1 14.7 12.0 11.4 12.9 4.6 3.4 2.7 4.5 2.6 3.2 3.4 2.8 2.4 1.8 1.9 1.6 0.3 .4 .4 .3 3.6 2.4 2.3 2.6 1.2 .8 .7 1.0 1 Includes persons who did not provide information on shift usually worked. NOTE: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers who were at work during the survey reference week and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black poulation groups. Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with the January 1997 estimates. Table 4. Shift usually worked: Full-time wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, May 1997 (Percent distribution) Shift workers Total workers(1) (thousands) Regular daytime schedule Total Managerial and professional specialty........ Executive, administrative, and managerial.. Professional specialty..................... Mathematical and computer scientists..... Natural scientists....................... Teachers, college and university......... 27,384 13,469 13,915 1,308 507 494 90.4 91.7 89.1 94.9 94.0 86.1 9.4 8.1 10.7 4.6 6.0 13.9 1.7 1.4 2.0 .2 .9 .6 1.3 .7 1.7 .3 1.0 .5 1.7 1.7 1.6 .6 1.0 0.3 .2 .4 2.9 2.9 2.7 3.0 1.8 1.5 4.0 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.6 2.5 4.9 Technical, sales, and administrative support. Technicians and related support............ 25,779 3,376 86.2 80.4 13.5 19.2 3.5 5.6 2.1 3.8 2.6 3.7 .3 .2 3.8 4.2 1.1 1.5 Occupation and industry Evening shift Night shift Rotating shift Split shift Employerarranged irregular schedule Other shift Occupation Sales occupations.......................... Sales workers, retail and personal services.................................. Administrative support, including clerical. 9,001 81.4 18.4 3.6 1.1 4.4 .3 7.0 1.9 3,165 13,402 70.9 91.0 28.5 8.8 6.7 3.0 1.7 2.3 7.3 1.0 .6 .2 10.6 1.6 1.5 .6 Service occupations.......................... Private household.......................... Protective service......................... Service, except private household and protective................................ Food service............................. Health service........................... Cleaning and building service............ Personal service......................... 11,055 308 1,891 67.1 83.2 44.4 32.4 16.8 55.1 10.8 1.4 11.3 6.5 .8 13.2 5.4 .7 16.3 1.0 1.5 .9 6.3 8.2 7.9 2.2 4.3 5.6 8,855 2,777 1,466 2,000 871 71.4 57.3 69.5 72.2 73.2 28.0 42.0 30.1 27.1 26.4 11.0 17.1 10.8 14.9 5.1 5.3 5.0 9.4 7.3 5.0 3.3 6.2 3.3 1.2 4.7 1.0 1.8 .6 .6 .8 5.9 10.4 4.6 2.2 6.3 1.4 1.3 1.1 .7 4.5 Precision production, craft, and repair...... Mechanics and repairers.................... Construction trades........................ Other precision production, craft, and repair.................................... 11,519 3,863 4,069 86.2 85.3 95.3 13.4 14.2 4.4 4.1 4.2 .6 4.0 4.7 .9 2.4 2.7 .8 .2 .3 2.1 1.6 1.8 .6 .6 .3 3,587 77.0 22.8 7.9 6.7 4.0 .2 3.0 1.0 Operators, fabricators, and laborers......... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors................................ Transportation and material moving......... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers.................................. 14,812 72.5 27.0 7.7 7.4 4.3 .5 5.4 1.7 6,813 4,351 73.4 69.2 26.2 30.4 10.1 4.6 8.4 4.1 4.6 4.7 .2 .9 2.0 12.3 .7 3.9 3,648 74.8 24.6 7.0 9.3 3.4 .3 3.7 .8 Private sector............................... Goods-producing industries................. Agriculture.............................. Mining................................... Construction............................. Manufacturing............................ Durable goods.......................... Nondurable goods....................... 75,612 25,925 1,492 541 5,389 18,503 11,179 7,324 82.3 84.1 93.1 74.6 95.9 80.2 83.0 76.0 17.4 15.6 6.7 25.4 3.7 19.4 16.8 23.5 4.7 5.1 .3 4.8 .4 6.9 6.9 6.9 3.5 4.5 .3 2.3 .2 6.2 5.0 7.9 2.9 2.6 .7 12.5 .3 3.2 2.3 4.5 .4 0.2 .5 .2 .1 .3 .2 .3 4.3 2.1 4.1 5.0 2.1 1.9 1.6 2.4 1.4 0.9 .8 .5 .6 1.0 .7 1.5 Service producing industries............... Transportation and public utilities...... Wholesale trade.......................... Retail trade............................. Eating and drinking places............. Finance, insurance, and real estate...... Services................................. 49,687 6,088 3,969 12,111 3,135 5,857 21,662 81.3 73.8 89.7 71.1 51.9 94.8 83.9 18.3 25.8 10.1 28.4 47.2 5.1 15.6 4.5 4.2 2.3 7.5 16.3 1.0 4.3 3.0 3.3 2.6 3.6 5.4 .7 3.3 3.1 4.5 1.1 5.9 8.7 .5 2.1 .5 .6 .1 .8 2.0 .0 .5 5.4 10.3 2.7 8.8 12.6 1.5 3.7 1.7 2.8 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.6 - Industry Private households..................... Business, automobile, and repair....... Personal, except private household..... Entertainment and recreation........... Professional services.................. Forestry and fisheries................. Government................................... Federal.................................... State...................................... Local...................................... 391 5,060 1,627 1,051 13,497 36 14,937 2,828 4,125 7,983 78.9 86.0 74.9 63.9 86.0 (2) 86.1 85.4 86.1 86.4 21.1 13.3 24.3 35.1 13.7 (2) 13.8 14.4 13.7 13.6 1.9 4.0 7.7 9.7 3.6 (2) 4.2 4.3 4.7 3.9 2.2 3.6 4.1 2.8 3.3 (2) 3.2 5.3 3.1 2.4 2.3 1.5 3.4 4.4 2.0 (2) 3.0 1.8 2.6 3.5 1.1 .2 .4 1.4 .6 (2) .3 .2 .3 .3 10.2 2.7 6.6 13.8 2.7 (2) 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.4 1.3 2.2 3.1 1.6 (2) 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1 Includes persons who did not provide information on shift usually worked. 2 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers who were at work during the survey reference week and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with the January 1997 estimates. Dash represents or rounds to zero. Table 5. Beginning and ending hours: Full-time wage and salary workers, May 1997 (Numbers in thousands) Beginning time Ending time Time Total, 16 years and over............. Number of workers Percent Number of workers Percent 90,549 100.0 90,549 100.0 84 100 179 421 1,509 6,285 768 5,518 .1 .1 .2 .5 1.7 6.9 .8 6.1 569 411 245 181 231 486 51 435 .6 .5 .3 .2 .3 .5 .1 .5 AM 12:30 to 1:29........................... 1:30 to 2:29............................ 2:30 to 3:29............................ 3:30 to 4:29............................ 4:30 to 5:29............................ 5:30 to 6:29............................ 5:30 to 5:59.......................... 6:00 to 6:29.......................... 6:30 to 7:29............................ 6:30 to 6:59.......................... 7:00 to 7:29.......................... 7:30 to 8:29............................ 7:30 to 7:59.......................... 8:00 to 8:29.......................... 8:30 to 9:29............................ 8:30 to 8:59.......................... 9:00 to 9:29.......................... 9:30 to 10:29........................... 10:30 to 11:29.......................... 19,099 3,085 16,014 29,517 8,189 21,327 12,068 5,524 6,544 1,938 762 21.1 3.4 17.7 32.6 9.0 23.6 13.3 6.1 7.2 2.1 .8 1,517 216 1,302 930 319 611 182 64 117 69 92 1.7 .2 1.4 1.0 .4 .7 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 11:30 AM to 12:29 PM.................... 494 .5 226 .2 12:30 to 1:29........................... 1:30 to 2:29............................ 2:30 to 3:29............................ 2:30 to 2:59.......................... 3:00 to 3:29.......................... 3:30 to 4:29............................ 3:30 to 3:59.......................... 4:00 to 4:29.......................... 4:30 to 5:29............................ 4:30 to 4:59.......................... 5:00 to 5:29.......................... 5:30 to 6:29............................ 5:30 to 5:59.......................... 6:00 to 6:29.......................... 6:30 to 7:29............................ 7:30 to 8:29............................ 8:30 to 9:29............................ 9:30 to 10:29........................... 10:30 to 11:29.......................... 429 868 2,014 389 1,625 1,380 451 929 555 163 392 450 60 390 779 766 415 514 1,138 .5 1.0 2.2 .4 1.8 1.5 .5 1.0 .6 .2 .4 .5 .1 .4 .9 .8 .5 .6 1.3 475 1,706 7,083 1,804 5,279 15,903 6,198 9,705 26,719 7,767 18,952 11,867 4,623 7,244 4,187 1,861 1,033 1,058 1,786 .5 1.9 7.8 2.0 5.8 17.6 6.8 10.7 29.5 8.6 20.9 13.1 5.1 8.0 4.6 2.1 1.1 1.2 2.0 11:30 PM to 12:29 AM.................... 478 .5 1,515 1.7 Time varies............................. 6,572 7.3 8,304 9.2 Actual time not available............... 1,734 1.9 1,913 2.1 PM NOTE: Data refer to most days during the survey reference week and relate to the sole or principal job of wage and salary workers who were at work during the week. Excluded are all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey effective with the January 1997 estimates.