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U . S . D EPAR TM EN T OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES)
BUREAU OF LABOR STA TIST IC S) • • • •
WAGES

AND

HOURS

OF

LABOR

No. 412
SERIES

WAGES, HOURS, AND PRODUCTIVITY
IN THE POTTERY INDUSTRY, 1925




/v \

JULY, 1926

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1926

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The Commissioner desires to acknowledge as especially contributing
to the preparation of this report the services of the following mem­
bers of the bureau staff: Mr. J. C. Bowen, who had general supervision
of the work, and Messrs. Robert S. Billups, Paul H . Moncure,
Edward K . Frazier, and Herman B. Byer.
n




CONTENTS
Page
1-22
Introduction and summary_______________________________________________
Average days, hours, and earnings___________________________________
3 -7
Earnings, days, and hours ____________________________________________ 7-15
Days and earnings___________________________________________________ 16-19
Hours and earnings__________________________________________________ 19-22
Comparison of hourly earnings, 1912-13 and 1925________________________ 23-26
Piece-rate changes since 1911_____________________________________________ 26-32
Semivitreous ware____________________________________________________ 26-31
Vitreous ware_________________________________________________________ 31, 32
General tables_____________________________________________________________ 32-78
T able A.— Average earnings and average number of hours and of
days worked by employees in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex,
and geographical group— semivitreous ware_______________________ 34-41
T able B.— Average and classified earnings per hour, 1925, by occu­
pation, sex, and geographical group— semivitreous ware__________ 42-47
T able C.— Average and specified number of days on which em­
ployees worked in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geo­
graphical group— semivitreous ware_______________________________ 48-53
T able D.— Actual and classified hours actually worked in two weeks,
1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— semivitreous
ware________________________________________________________________ 54-59
T able E.— Average and classified earnings in two weeks, 1925, by
occupation, sex, and geographical group-^-semivitreous ware______ 60-65
T able F.— Specified days worked and classified earnings in two weeks,
in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical group—
semivitreous ware__________________________________________________66-71
T able G.— Classified hours worked and classified earnings in two weeks
in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical group—
semivitreous ware_________________________________________________ 72-78
Index numbers of production and employment, 1923 to 1925_____________79, 80
Losses and productivity at kilns__________________________________________ 80-86
Semivitreous ware____________________________________________________ 80-84
Vitreous ware_____________ ___________________________________________ 84-86
Productivity in clay shop_________________________________________________ 86-94
Semivitreous ware____________________________________________________86-92
Vitreous ware________________________________________ ________________ 92-94
Pottery operations and occupations_______________________________________ 94-106
Slip house____________________________________________________________ 94-96
Clay shop_____________________ ________________ ______________________ 96-99
Sagger shop________________________________________________________ 100-101
Bisque-kiln placing____________________________________________ _
101, 102
Bisque-kiln drawing________________________________ ._________________
102
Bisque warehouse__________________________________________________ 102, 103
Glaze making________________________________________________________
103
Dipping room________________________ - ______________________________
103
Glost-kiln placing__________________________________________________ 103, 104
Glost drawing________________________________________________________
104
Glost warehouse______________________________________________________
104
Decorating room__________________________________________________ 104-106
Packing room________________________________________________________
106
Methods of wage payment______ ______________________________________ 106-111
APPENDIX
1920 wage agreement and present amendments________________________ 112-175
White granite and semiporcelain wage scale and size list_________113-147
Wage scale for hotel china_________________________________________ 148-175




in




BULLETIN OF THE

U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
NO. 412

WASHINGTON

JULY, 1926

WAGES, HOURS, AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE
POTTERY INDUSTRY, 1925
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This study of the pottery industry in the United States was made
during the summer and early fall of 1925. It is limited to potteries
which are engaged in the production of semivitreous or vitreous
general ware, which means tableware almost entirely. The distinc­
tion between semivitreous ware and vitreous ware1depends in part on
the material used and in part on the temperature in firing. Bisque
semivitreous ware is porous to the extent that it will absorb about
5 per cent of water. Bisque vitreous ware will absorb about 0.5 per
cent of water, and when broken has more of a glassy edge. A pot­
ter *s common test is to touch the broken edge to the tongue— if it
tends to stick, it is semivitreous; if it does not stick, it is vitreous.
Vitreous ware is used largely in hotels and restaurants, where the
tableware must be able to withstand hard usage. Potteries which
produce fancy chinaware are not included.
The general-ware pottery industry in this country is to a great
extent located in East Liverpool, Ohio, and vicinity (including a
number of important potteries in W est Virginia across the Ohio
River) and in Trenton, N. J., but there are important potteries
producing general ware in other places in Ohio, also in Pennsylvania,
New York, W est Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia, and some
other States.
No direct comparison can be made between the data for the pottery
industry compiled by the Bureau of the Census and the data for
the potteries included in this study. The pottery industry as de­
fined by the Bureau of the Census includes “ All establishments
engaged primarily in the manufacture of stoneware, earthenware,
porcelain ware, china, sanitary earthenware, and allied products,”
while the potteries covered by this report include only such plants
as are engaged in the manufacture of general ware.
* The United States Bureau of Standards differentiates between the two kinds of ware as follows:
The forming and drying of semivitreous and vitreous chinaware is essentially the same. The principal
difference in the manufacturing is in the burning stage. Semivitreous porcelain is usually burned from
1,160° to 1,180° C. while the vitreous porcelain is burned in the range from 1,240° to 1,280° C. According
to the Federal Specifications Board specification for vitrified chinaware, the maximum absorption of
vitrified ware should not exceed 0.5 per cent, while that of the semivitreous may be as high as 5 per cent or
in some cases higher. Absorption is the fundamental quality characterizing these two classes of ware,
for the composition of the body varies but little, as is evident from the following statement, which shows
proximate proportion of ingredients:
Semiporcelain
Ball clay..........................................................p ercent..
15
Florida kaolin.........................................................do___
8
English china clay................................................. do___
29
Maine feldspar........................................................do___
14
Flint........................................................................ do___
34
Whiting.................................................................. do.......................... —




Vitreous china
7.5
8.0
29.0
18.0
36.0
1.5

1

2

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

The 1923 census reports 28,458 wage earners in all branches of the
pottery industry in the United States. Of these, 11*459 were in
Ohio, 5,400 in New Jersey, 3,464 in West Virginia, 2,415 in New
York, and 1,781 in Pennsylvania. The value of the 1923 pottery
products according to the 1923 census was $84,692,941, of which
$59,488,686 was for “ white ware, including C. C. [cream color],
white granite, semiporcelain, and semivitreous porcelain ware,” and
$15,776,382 was for “ hotel china.” Practically all of this is general
ware such as is produced by the potteries covered in this study.
From this and other information obtained from various sources it is
estimated that the 13,007 wage earners included in this study repre­
sent 85 to 90 per cent of the total number of wage earners employed
in the manufacture of general ware.
A large percentage of the wage earners in the pottery industry are
pieceworkers. They are paid for their work at rates per dozen
pieces of ware, or per “ kiln day,” or per 100 cubic feet, or by other
piece units. A kiln day is a specified number of cubic feet of kiln
space, which varies as between bisque and glost kilns and as between
semivitreous and vitreous ware.
When payment is made at piece rates it is not necessary for wage
purposes that companies keep a record of the hours worked by the
pieceworkers, consequently few of the companies have a record of the
number of hours worked in any day, week, or pay period by their
pieceworkers. Hours worked by time workers are of necessity re­
corded, because timeworkers are paid rates per hour, per day, or
per week.
The study was limited to a representative two-week pay period
in 1925, the aim being to get figures as to actual days and hours
worked in the two weeks by all employees and to bring these figures
into comparison with their earnings in the same period. To do
this it was necessary to have a special time record kept for each
employee for whom the companies had no record of days and hours
worked.
Arrangements were made with the officials of the potteries, with
union officials, and with the individual employees for the keeping of
a special record of the time of each pieceworker for the two-week
period selected. Each piecework employee was furnished a card on
which he recorded his name and occupation, the time on each day
of the two weeks at which he began work in the morning, quit work
for the forenoon lunch (an English custom brought to this country
by pottery workers and which is observed to a considerable extent),
returned to work after lunch, quit work for the noon meal, returned
to work after the noon meal, and quit work at the completion of the
day’s work. The earnings in the two weeks were then entered on
these cards.
In many of the potteries each foreman was also furnished a card
for each employee under his supervision, on which he kept a duplicate
record of the time and earnings for the two weeks. In some instances
the timeworkers also prepared a card showing time and earnings.
The time and earnings of the timeworkers for whom no record was
kept on cards were taken directly from the pay rolls. The earnings
entered on the cards were checked against the company pay roll.
The statistical data specified above were obtained for 6,666 male
and 3,657 female employees of 46 potteries engaged in the manufac­
ture of semivitreous ware. Of these 46 potteries, 31 are in Ohio, 7




INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

3

in West Virginia, 3 in New Jersey, 2 in Pennsylvania, and 1 each in
Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia. Like data were obtained for
1,619 male and 1,065 female employees of 7 potteries making vitreous
ware, of which 3 are in New York, 2 in Pennsylvania, and 1 each in
New Jersey and West Virginia.
AVERAGE DAYS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS

Based on the data obtained, averages have been computed of
(a) days on which employees worked in two weeks, (6) hours worked
in two weeks, (c) amounts earned in two weeks, (d) hours worked per
day, (e) earnings per day, and (/) earnings per hour, for males and for
females separately in each occupation. Such averages are presented
in Table 1.
The average number of days worked in two weeks was obtained
by dividing the total number of days on which the employees in the
occupation worked in the two weeks by the number ot employees in
the occupation. Each day on which an employee did any work was
counted as a day even though the time worked consisted of only part
of a day.
The average hours worked in two weeks were obtained by dividing
the total number of hours worked by all employees in the occupation
in two weeks by the number of employees in the occupation.
The average hours worked per day were obtained by dividing the
total number of hours worked in two weeks by all employees in the
occupation by the total number of days worked in the two weeks by
such employees. Each day on which the employee did any work
was counted as a day.
The average earnings in two weeks were obtained by dividing the
Jotal earnings in two weeks of all employees in the occupation by
the number of such employees.
The average earnings per day were obtained by dividing the total
amount earned in two weeks by all the employees in the occupation
by the total number of days worked in two weeks by such employees.
The average earnings per hour were obtained by dividing the total
amount earned in two weeks by all employees in the occupation by
the total number of hours worked in two weeks by such employees.
Heading line 1 of Table 1 (p. 5) it is seen that the 54 slip makers
of 46 semivitreous establishments in the two weeks covered by the
study worked an average of 9.3 days, or 83.7 hours, making an average
of 9.0 hours per day. In the two weeks they earned an average of
$62.50, or $6.74 per day, or 74.6 cents per hour.
Averages are shown in Table 1, under semivitreous ware, for males
only, in 40 occupations; for females only, in 11 occupations; and for
both sexes, in 5 occupations. The average earnings per hour of
males range from 32.5 cents for straw boys to $1,273 lor boss bisquekiln placers. For females the range is from 24.8 cents for dusters
to 52.8 cents for gilders and liners. The average earnings per hour
of the males in the five occupations for which averages are shown
for both sexes range from 35.4 cents for tu rn ed spongers to 75.9
cents for gilders and liners, and of females range from 31.7 cents
for turners’ spongers to 52.8 cents for gilders and liners.
Averages are shown for a group of workers designated “ other
employees,” which includes apprentices, blacksmiths, bricklayers,
engineers, firemen, janitors, machinists, masons, millwrights, watch­
men, miscellaneous and general labor, and a very small number of




4

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

employees in other occupations, too few in number to warrant
tabulation by occupation. Data were not taken for executive
employees, clerks, and salaried foremen.
Averages are also shown for all males, for all females, and for all
employees of both sexes. Comparing these averages (p. 6) it is
seen that ‘ the employees of each sex worked approximately the
same number of days and hours, that all males collectively in semivitreous potteries earned an average of $52.44 in two weeks, $5.70
per day and 70.5 cents per hour, and that females earned an average
of $26.54 in two weeks, $2.99 per day, and 38.5 cents per hour. In
comparing these general figures it must be borne in mind that there
is much difference in the character and class of the work performed
by males and by females in a pottery. The averages for all occupa­
tions and both sexes combined for semivitreous potteries are 9.1
days or 72.5 hours worked in two weeks, and 8 hours per day, and
$43.27 earned in two weeks, $4.76 per day, and 59.6 cents per hour.
To determine approximately the average hours and earnings that
would have been made had all male and female wage earners in the
semivitreous plants worked on each of the 12 working-days in two
weeks, averages have been computed for the 1,130 males and 503
females who worked on 12 days. They worked an average of 98
hours in two weeks or 8 .2.hours per day, and earned $57.06 in two
weeks, $4.76 per day, and 58.2 cents per hour.
As in two weeks there are 12 working-days, and as stated above
the employees of semivitreous potteries worked an average of 9.1
days, there was a loss of 2.9 days in the two weeks. This loss was
due principally to the fact that a very large majority of the potteries
were not operated on Saturday, which accounted for approximately
2 days of lost time. Several potteries were operated on less than
5 days per week or 10 days in two weeks and frequently work was
not available for some employees even though the pottery was
operating. On the other hand, a few employees did not work the
full time available because of sickness or personal business, or
because of leaving employment in the pottery before the end of
the two weeks or of entering service after the beginning of the two
weeks. M any of the potteries, the semivitreous ones especially,
complained that business conditions were poor.
The normal or customary hours of operation of the great majority
of the potteries included in the study are 9 per day except on pay
Saturday when 8 hours constitute a day's work for all time workers.
Working hours in a pottery, however, are more nominal than normal,
as so many employees are pieceworkers and to quite an extent de­
termine their own time. In actual practice a very considerable
percentage of the employees, especially those in the clay shop, kilns,
and dipping room, work considerably less than 9 hours per day or
54 per week— some not more than 6, 6 ^ , or 7 hours per aay. This
condition was quite pronounced in the period under study.
The data for semivitreous ware, summarized in Table 1, are shown
b y geographical districts in Table A (p. 34).
An analysis of that part of Table 1 relating to the 7 vitreous
potteries shows 36 occupations in which only males appear, 8 in which
only females appear, and 6 occupations including both sexes.
The average earnings per hour for males range from 29.2 cents for
turners’ spongers to $1,249 for boss bisque-kiln placers. The range
for females is from 23.5 cents for gold stampers to 44.8 cents for




5

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

burnishers. In the 7 occupations for which averages are reported for
both males and females the average hourly earnings of males range
from 29.2 cents for turned spongers to 89.3 cents for gilders and
liners, and of females from 26.3 cents for dressers to 63.4 cents for
gilders and liners.
For vitreous as for semivitreous potteries, averages are shown for
all males, for all females, and for all employees of both sexes. The
average number of days worked by males was 10.2, as compared with
10.0 for females. The average hours worked in two weeks by all
males were 83.5, or 6.1 hours greater than the 77.4 worked by all
females. The average hours worked per day by males were 8.2 and
by females 7.7. The average earnings of males in two weeks were
$53.25, or more than twice the earnings ($25.47) of females. The
average earnings per day of all males were $5.25, as compared with
$2.55 for all females, th e average earnings per hour oi all males
were 63.8 cents, as compared with 32.9 cents for all females. The
reason for the wide difference in the earnings of males and females in
the vitreous potteries is the same as that for the difference in earnings
of males and of females in semivitreous potteries. (See p. 4.) The
2,684 employees of both sexes in the 7 vitreous potteries worked an
average of 10.1 days or 81.1 hours in two weeks, or an average of 8
hours per day. In the two weeks they earned an average of $42.23,
or $4.19 per day. The average earnings, reduced to an hourly basis,
were 52.1 cents.
The average days worked in two weeks by all employees of both
sexes in vitreous potteries were 10.1, or 84 per cent of the full-time
number of working-days, which was 12. The loss of 1.9 days, or 16
per cent of the total number of working-days, was due to some plants
being closed one or both Saturdays of the two-week period or to the
employee entering or leaving employment after or before the pay
period opened or closed.
T able 1,—AVERAGE

HOURS AND EARNINGS AND AVERAGE DAYS ON WHICH
EMPLOYEES W ORKED IN TWO WEEKS, B Y KIN D OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND
SEX, 1925
Average
Average
Average earnings
number hours worked
of days
In
Estab­ Em­ worked
In
Per
Per
Per
two
lish­ ploy­ in two
two
hour
ments ees
weeks weeks day weeks day
Number
of—

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex

SEMIVITREOUS WAUE

Slip makers, male.........................................
Laborers, slip house, male............................
Mold makers, m a le .....................................
Clay earners, male.......... ............................
Batters-out, male................................ ______
Cup bailers, male........................................
Jigger men_____ _______________________
Mold runners, male......................................
Finishers, male...... .......................................
Finishers, female.,....... .............................. .
Dish makers, male....... ........... ....................
Dish makers' helpers, male. _......................
Turners, male........... . . ................................
Turners' spongers, male..............._..............
Turners’ spongers, female........... ...............
Handlers, male _ _________ _____ . ______ _
Handle casters and finishers, male____
Handle casters and finishers, female....... :__
Stickers-up, male _—
...........-- ---Casters, male.
............ ..........
Pressers, male............. ......... i .............__
Laborers, sagger shop, male ........................
Sagger makers, hand, male.___.______. . . .
Sagger makers' helpers, hand, male . ..........




46
54
46
136
46 . 94
48
31
46
357
42
70
46
500
344
42
28
66
.44
291
42
124
<39
23
46
162
47
31
5
5
46
135
102
40
7
10
5
5
46
250
9
12
25
77
44
98
24
41

9.3
8.9
10.4
8.6
8.1
8.1
8.6
8.2
8.7
8.0
8.9
9.2
8.4
8.5
7.8
8.7
9.0
7.8
7.8
8.9
9.2
9.4
8.5
8.4

83.7
76.9
85.8
75.3
65.7
62.8
69.3
64.7
65.7
59.5
78.3
78.2
67.0
69.4
61.4
71.3
74.4
68.9
71.2
80.1
81.1
81.3
71.0
67.7

9.0 $62.50 $6.74
8.6 44.22
4. 96
8.2 91.28 •8.75
8.7 46.19
5.37
8.1 37.14
4.59
7.7 21.35
2.62
7.27
8.1 62.54
7.9 30.47
3.73
7.6 35.75 4.12
7.4 31.19 3.89
8.8 63.66
7.18
4.54
8.5 41.56
7.9 63.10 7.48
8.2 24.52
2.89
7.9 19.44
2.49
8.2 68.10
7.85
8.2 39. 27 4.35
8.8 25.32
3.25
5.41
9.1 42.23
8.08
9.0 72.29
5.74
8.8 52.62
18.7 44.56 4.75
8.3 68.27
8.01
6.39
8.1 53.65

$0,746
.575
1.064
.614
.565
.340
.902
.471
.544
.524
.813
.532
.942
.354
.317
.955
.528
.367
.593
.903
.649
.548
.961
.793

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

6
T ahle 1.— a v e r a g e

h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s a n d a v e r a g e d a y s o n w h ic h
EM PLOYEES W ORKED IN TWO WEEKS, BY KIND OP W ARE, OCCU PATION, AND
SEX, 1925—Continued
Number
of—

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex

Average
Average
Average earnings
number hours worked
of days
In
Estab­ Em­ worked
In
Per
Per
Per
lish­ ploy­ in two
two
two
ments ees
weeks weeks day weeks day - hour

SEMIVITREOl’ S W AKE— c o n t i n u e d

Sagger makers, machine, male1.........
Kiln placers, bisque, male..................
Kiln placers, boss, bisque, male.........
Firemen, bisque and glost..................
Kiln drawers, bisque and glosi, male..
Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male...
Laborers, kiln shed, male .............. ............
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glou,
female .......................................................
Brushers, female..........................................
Stampers, bisque, female............................
Glaze mixers, m ale.....................................
Glaze mixers’ helpers, m a le ......................
Ware boys....................................................
Dippers, male ..............................................
Dippers’ helpers, male................................
Dippers’ helpers, female.............................
Kiln placers, glost, male.............................
Kiln placers, boss, glost, male....................
Pin boys
Dressers, female..............
Dressers, forelady............
Warehousemen.................
Ware carriers, male.........
Dusters, female ................
Stampers, gold, female _..
Gilders and liners, male..
Gilders and liners, female
Cutters, decalcomauiu, female .....................
Printers, male.....................................
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male..
Firemen, decorating............................
Burnishers, femata ..............................
Wrappers, female ................................
Straw boys..........................................
Packers, male......................................
Packers, head, male............................
Other employees, male.......................
Other employees, female. ...................
Total, males...............................
Total, females............................
Grand total, males and females.

36
197
57
102
406
49
195

8.6
9.0
9.5
11.5
7.9
9.0
10.0

73.9
59.7
62.7
129.1
47.2
54.3
92.0

8.5 $46.49
6.6 62.82
6.6 79.84
11.2 68.51
6.0 33.89
6.0 44.92
9.2 46.43

$5.38
6.96
8.40
5.96
4.29
5.00
4.66

$0.629
1.052
1.273
.531
.718
.827
.505

45
210
45
487
29
52
34
35
8
10
37
53
46
126
24
12
42
261
45
432
45
68
25
36
46
335
47
40
44
407
24
38
26
130
31
80
41
249
42
356
15
28
46 1,022
7
7
46
152
30
42
4
6
29
92
14
22
46
135
28
28
46
999
42
245
46 6,666
46 3,657
46 10,323

8.0
8.6
9.2
10.3
9.9
9.0
9.2
10.1
8.2
9.1
9.6
9.7
8.7
9.7
10.2
10.2
9.7
8.6
9.7
9.5
9.9
9.3
9.0
9.6
10.0
9.5
9.1
9.0
9.7
10.5
10.1
8.8
9.2
8.9
9.1

48.1
66.3
71.5
92.2
86.1
65.9
60.8
74.0
54.8
62.2
65.9
67.3
68.0
8ft 6
89.1
87.1
82.8
67.1
76.9
71.2
84.0
76.4
70.4
75.6
99.6
60.2
76.7
68.3
70.4
83.5
88.7
72.5
74.4
69.0
72.5

6.0 22.07
7.7 21.21
7.7 23.55
9.0 48.38
8.7 43.02
7.3 33.43
6.6 75.02
7.3 27.26
6.7 21.03
6.8 64.85
6.8 82.16
6.9 39.51
7.8 23.67
8.3 39.35
8.8 52.11
8.5 28.44
8.5 20.49
7.8 26.95
8.0 58.37
7.5 37.56
8.5 29.25
8.2 28.63
7.8 48.20
7.9 58.37
9.9 88.66
6.3 15.29
8.4 21.59
7.5 22.17
7.2 59.95
8.0 80.25
8.8 45.05
8.3 23.83
8.1 52.44
7.8 26.54
8.0 43.27

2.76
2.46
2.55
4. 72
4.35
3.70
8.20
2.70
2.56
7.10
8.53
4.08
2.73
4.07
5.12
2.79
2.11
3.13
6.05
3.95
2.95
3.09
5.36
6.08
8.82
1.61
2.36
2.45
6.17
7.67
4.45
2. 72
5.70
2.99
4. 76

.459
.320
.330
.525
.500
.508
1.233
.368
.384
1.042
1.247
.587
.348
.488
.585
.326
.248
.402
.759
.528
.348
.375
.685
.772
.890
.254
.281
.325
.851
.962
.508
.329
.705
.385
.596

17
40
46
42
46
45
39

VITREOUS WAllE

Slip makers, male.........................................
6
6
11.5 106.1
Laborers, slip house, male.......................... .
7
42
9.9
88.1
Mold makers, male..................................... .
7
20
10.2
81.2
Clay carriers, male...................................... .
5
7
10.4
86.9
Batters-out, male........................................ .
7
81
9.4
78.4
Jigger men.....................................................
7
101
9.9
82.1
Mold runners, male.................................... .
5
48
9.2
71.2
Finishers, male............................................ .
3
11
9.1
77.9
Finishers, female......................................... .
7
79
9.7
77.2
Dish makers, male.......................................
3
5
10.6
89.7
Turners, male.............................................. .
7
37
9.7
77.5
Turners' spongers, male............................ .
5
5
10.2
84.4
Turners’ spongers, female............................
2
5
8.0
63.3
Handlers, male............................................ .
7
23
89.2
10.6
Handle casters and finishers, male............ .
6
18
9.9
80.2
Handle casters and finishers, female...........
2
5
10.8
84.2
Casters, male............................................... .
6
10.1
35
89.5
Pressers, male.............................................. .
4
4
10.3
91.5
Laborers, sagger shop, male....................... .
6
71
10.5
90.0
Sagger makers, hand, male......................... .
6
16
8.4
65.2
Sagger makers’ helpers, hand, male...........
2
5
10.0
89.5
Sagger makers, machine, male................... .
3
8
11.3
83.4
Kiln placers, bisque, male.......................... .
7
68
9.6
62.9
Kiln placers, boss, bisque, male..................
7
12
10.4
66.5
Firemen, bisque and glost.......................... .
7
16
11.9 128.2
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male..........
5
48
10.6
72.6
Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male..
5
5
10.0
65.0
Laborers, kiln shed, male.............................
5
46
9.6
84.7
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female.........................................................
5
42
10.7
73.6
I Includes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries.




9.2
8.9
8.0
8.3
8.4
8.3
7.7
8.6
7.9
8.5
8.0
8.3
7.9
8.4
8.1
7.8
8.9
8.9
8.6
7.8
9.0
7.4
6.6
6.4
10.7
6.9
6.5
8.8

77.16
44.59
82.39
40.23
32.42
73.70
28.31
37.22
30.49
73.67
66.38
24.60
17.26
82.24
29.29
33.41
72.94
81.10
43.34
65.85
60.97
77.98
63.07
83.05
80.39
49.26
52.63
40.85

6.71
4.52
8.12
3.86
3.46
7.41
3.08
4.09
3.14
6.95
6.84
2.41
2.16
7.75
2.96
3.09
7.23
7.91
4.12
7.86
6.10
6.93
6.57
7.97
6.73
4.65
5.26
4.24

.727
.506
1.014
.463
.414
.898
.398
.478
.395
.821
.857
.292
.273
.922
.365
.397
.815
.887
.481
1.010
.681
.935
1.002
1.249
.627
.678
.810
.482

6.9

22.04

2.05

.300

7

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T able 1.— AVERAGE HOURS

AND EARNINGS AND A V E R AG E DAYS ON WIIICTT
EM PLOYEES W ORKED IN TW O WEEKS, BY K IN D OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND
SEX, 1925—Continued
Number
of—

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex

vitreous w a r e —continued
Brushers, female. ......................................
Stampers, bisque, female..............................
Glaze mixers, male.......................................
Glaze mixers’ helpers, male_______ _______
Ware b o y s....................................................
Dippers, male................................................
Dippers’ helpers, male.................................
Dippers’ helpers, female.............................
Kiln placers, glost, male............ .................
Kiln placers, boss, glost, male......................
Dressers, male...............................................
Dressers, female............................................
Warehousemen.............................................
Ware carriers, male.......................................
Stampers, gold, female..................................
Gilders and liners, male...............................
Gilders and liners, female.............................
Cutters, decalcomania* female................. .
Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female........................................................
Printers, male................ ..............................
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male.
Firemen, decorating......................................
Burnishers, female........................................
Wrappers, female..........................................
Straw boys....................................................
Packers, male...............................................
Packers, head, male......................................
Other employees, m ale................................
Other employees, female...............................
Total, males.........................................
Total, females.....................................
Grand total, males and females..........j

1 Average
Average earnings
Average hours worked
number
of days
Estab­ Em­ worked
In
In
Per
Per
Per
lish­ ploy­ in two
two
two day
weeks weeks
hour
ments ees
weeks day

5
2
6
2
3
7
7
4
7
7
5
7
6
2
3
6
7
3

38
5
6
2
6
28
44
9
73
14
39
84
35
2
10
66
54
7

7
474
7
42
6
17
4
5
3
5
2
8
3
4
7
21
2
2
7
475
7
240
7 1,619
7 1,065
7 2,684

79.7
76.2
95.8
97.8
77.6
79.6
75.6
79.6
71.3
78.1
89.9
70.8
94.7
91.0.
74.6
83.1
71.4
83.3

7.8 $22.70
7.9 20.75
8.6 52.76
8.5 46.48
7.8 36.64
7.5 72.97
7.8 27.93
8.0 26.30
7.0 68.73
7.3 84.18
8.1 45.23
7.6 18.66
8.7 50.30
8.7 32.20
7.6 17.53
7.8 74.25
7.6 45.28
7.5 21.92

$2.24
2.16
4.72
4.04
3.66
6.88
2.89
2.63
6.73
7.86
4.06
2.01
4.62
3.07
1.79
6.94
4.80
1.97

$0,285
.272
.551
.475
.472
.917
.369
.330

77.7
9.9
10.1
79.7
86.4
10.6
11.4 118.5
10.8
71.7
84.7
10.6
73.9
UO
86.4
10.4
94.4
11.5
89.0
10.2
10.4
80.4
83.5
10.2
10.0
77.4
10.1 | 81.1

7.8 25. 77
7.9 61.10
8.1 53.52
10.4 65.47
6.6 32.08
8.0 20.18
8.2 26.15
8.3 56.45
8.2 107.99
8.7 45.98
7.8 22. 73
8.2 53.25
7.7 25.47
8.0 42.23

2.59
6.07
5.03
5.74
2.97
1.90
2.91
5.41
9.39
4.50
2.20
5.25
2.55
4.19

.332
.766
.619
.553
.448
.238
.354
.654
1.144
.517
.283
.638
.329
.521

10.2
9.6
11.2
11.5
10.0
10.6
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.7
11.1
9.3
10.9
10.5
9.8
10.7
9.4
11.1

.964

1.078
.503
.263
.531
.354
.235
.893
.634
.263

EARNINGS, DAYS, AND HOURS

A series of tables has been prepared showing the number of em­
ployees in 24 of the most important occupations classified or grouped
according to (a) their average earnings per hour, (6) the number of
calendar days or parts of days worked in two weeks, (c) number of
hours actually worked in two weeks, and (d) the amount actually
earned in two weeks.
In the aggregate, 4,402, or 66 per cent, of the 6,666 males and 2,972,
or 81 per cent, of the 3,657 females for whom data are given under
“ Semivitreous ware” in Table 1 and 856, or 53 per cent, of the 1,619
males and 785, or 74 per cent, of the 1,065 females for whom data are
given under “ Vitreous ware” in Table 1 are classified in these tables
as follows:
Table 2 (p. 8).— Average and classified earnings per hour in 24
selected occupations, 1925, by kind of ware and by sex.
Table 3 (p. 10).— Average and specified number of days on which
employees worked in two weeks in 24 selected occupations, 1925, by
kind of ware and by sex.
Table 4 (p. 12).— Average and classified hours of work in two
weeks in 24 selected occupations, 1925, by kind of ware and by sex.
Table 5 (p. 14).— Average and classified actual earnings in two
weeks in 24 selected occupations, 1925, by kind of ware and by sex.




T able 2.—AV E R AG E AN D CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIN D 6 F W ARE AND BY SEX
Number of—
Kind of ware, occupation, and sex

Estab­ Em­
lish­ ploy­
ments ees

Number of employees whose average earnings per hour were—
Aver­
l
age
earn­ Un­
30
20
25
35
90
70
40
80
50
60
45
$1 $1.10
ings
and and and and and and and and | and i and cents and
der
and
under
under
under
per
under
under
under
under
under
under
untfer
and
20
under
under
hour cents 25
40
30
35
50
70 |
60
45
I 80 1 90 under $1.10 $1.20
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1

$1.20
and
under
$1.30

00

$1.30 $1.40 $1.50
and and and
undfer under over
$1.40 $1.50

SEMIVITREOUS WARE

45
45
46
12
42
45
46
44
41
42

210
487
126
24
261
432
335
407
249
356

.459
.320
1.233
.368
.384
1.042
.348
.585
.759
.528

46

1,022

.375

46
46

152
135

.772
.851

7
7

42
81

.506
.414

2
1
6

28

1

'2

1

19
1
7

4
4
1

1

6
1

12
5
1
23.
5
16
2
1
8
2
1

11
3
17
37
1
3
31 ' 48
5
9
40
57
5
1
2
2
2
8
16
1
2
4
1
1

58
158
26
122
21
94
9
6
3
34
1
9
4

33
114
34
48
18
58
22
9
g
17

11
17
61
5
3
12
21
21
11
6

7
2
106
4
1
1
24
32
16
2

1
1
116
1
2

75

43

14

6

19
36
35

10
26
17

7
12
22

2
8
12

3

20
5

33
13

53
16
22
102

51
17
45
15

41
12
52

18
11
52
1

10
9
18

4

26

15

15

16

15

6

28

136

92

117

41

11

44
17

1
43
17

23
6

16
1

8
1

3

3

22
13

15
7

4
10

2
8

1

10

2

11

2

28

101

133

5
2

4
225

9
214

24
15

47
9

59
12

57
4

5
4

2

2

3
1

3
21

8
129

5
99

1
10

10

13
2

88

1

2

1
18

68
1
4
38

60
1
7
55

47
2
9
45

23
5
9
36

2
1
1
23
367
39
70

3
28
38
49

37

73

130

255

178

115

104

89

28

8

5

1

1

3

7

4
1

14
6

21
9

30
55

27
25

• 21

10

1
5

4
6

16
8

15
7

6
7

5

1
6

*7

2

2
4

22

3
4
6

3
4
2

31
42
*1

12

5 23

2

1

VITREOUS WARE

Laborers, slip house, male.......................
Batters-out, m ale............................. .




10

1

*1

INDUSTRY

136 $0,575
357
.565
500
.902
344
.471
.544
66
291
.524
124
.813
162
.942
135
.955
102
.528
10
.367
250
.903
98
.961
197 1.052
406
.718

POTTERY

46
46
46
42
28
44
42
46
46
40
7
46
44
46
46

THE

Laborers, slip house, male.......................
Batters-out, male.....................................
Jigger men.............................. ..................
Mold runners, male..................... ...........
Finishers, male.........................................
Finishers, female.....................................
Dish makers, male...................................
Turners, male........................ ........ .........
Handlers, male.............. ........_................
Handle casters and finishers, male_____
Handle casters and finishers, fem ale....
Casters, male................... .......................
Sagger makers, hand, male____ ____ _
Kiln placers, bisque, male............ .........
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, m ale...
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and
glost, female...................... ...................
Brushers, female......................................
Dippers, male......... ...................... .........
Dippers’ helpers, male............................
Dippers’ helpers, female..........................
Kiln placers, glost, m ale........................
Dressers, female....... ............................. ^
W arehottsemen....... .*...............................
Gilders and liners, male..........................
Gilders and liners, female.......................
Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female................... ................................
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating,
male.............................. ...................... .
Packers, male...........................................

7
5
3
7
3
7
7
6

5
5
7
7
4
7
5
7
6
6
7

42
38
28
44
9
73
39
84
35
66
54

.300
.285
.917
.369
.330
.964
.503
.263
.531
.893
.(34

7

474

.332

17

.619
. 654

2

6

7

21

!
1

2

1

6

3
9
1
18

5
2
3

3

7
1

2
1

1

8

5
8
3
10

1

1

2

2

2

1
2
3

•2

3
4

17
12

6
7

18
1

10

■■■■
4
11

6

2

13

9

26

1

12
4

g

c
o

o

1
Ii

1

1

5
g

66

o&
2

17

17

75

1
6
3

1

1
9

84

1
3
5
1

1

6

118

i
i

1
5
6
1

19

2
3
1

4
5

V

3
5
12

3
2

1

8

A
3
17
8

2

1
1

n

8

4
3
9
1

14

11

91

1

4
3

31

1
1
5
2

12

3
6

5

39

14

2

10
1

4

2

o£

i

•5

i

*•1

i

i

9

oo

0

n

5

o

’3

4
4
6

4

7

5

2

21
4
4

10

53

29

29

9

1

3

7

1
3
1

1
1
4
1
3
10

5
1
3
2
1
6
3

5
18

8

2

2

3

i

2
2

3

3

0

O
I j■

1

1
4

1

i

;

1 i

1

1
I
|
1

I at $1.80 and under $1.90; 1 at $1 90 and under v-; and 2 at i2 and under 12.10.

"

SUMMARY

1Two at $1.50 and under $1.C0 and 5 at $1.70 and under $1.80.
2At $1.50 and under $1.60.
8At $1.60 and under $1.70.
4 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70.
6 Eight at $1.50 and under $1.60; 9 at $1.60 and under $1.70; 1 at $1.70 and under $1.8
* Two at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70.
7 One at $1.50 and under $1.60; 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70; 1 at $1.70 and under $1.80.




2
7

17

4
9
2
13

1
6

AND

.898
.398
.478
.395
.821
.857
.922
.365
.397
.815
1.010
1.002
.678

INTRODUCTION

6
6
7
5

101
48
11
79
5
37
23
18
5
35
16
68
48

O CO

Jigger m
e n . . .............................
Mold runners, male.................................
Finishers, male.........................................
Finishers, fem ale....................................
Dish makers, male...................................
Turners, male...........................................
Handlers, male.........................................
Handle casters and finishers, male.........
Handle casters and finishers, female___
Casters, male...........................................
Sagger makers, hand, male.....................
Kiln placers, bisque, male.......................
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, m ale...
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and
glost, female...........................................
Brushers, female.......................................
Dippers, male...........................................
Dippers’ helpers, male....... .....................
Dippeis' helpers, female.........................
Kiln placers, glost, male..........................
Dressers, male..........................................
Dressers, female................... ....................
W arehousemen.........................................
Gilders and liners, male..........................
Gilders and liners, female....... ...... ..........
Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female....................................................
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating,
male............................................. .........
Packers, male...........................................

CD

T

able

3.—AVE R AG E A N D SPECIFIED N U M BE R OF DAYS ON WHICH EM PLOYEES W O R K E D IN TWO WEEKS IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS,
1925, BY KIND OF W ARE AND BY SE X
Number of—

KS»4 6$. ware, occupation, and sex

O

Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks

Estab- | Emlishments ployees

Average
number
of days
worked
in two
weeks

136
357
500
344
66
291
124
162
135
102
10
250
98
197
406

8.9
8.1
8.6
8.2
8.7
8.0
8.9
8.4
8.7
9.0
7.8
8.9
8.5
9.0
7.9

4
3
1
15

1
3
2
3
19

210
487
126
24
261
432
335
407
249

8.0
8.6
9.2

14
11
1

8.2
9.1
8.7
10.2
9.7
9.5

1,022
152
135

42
81
101
48
11

4

3

5

7

6

8

9

10

13

11
12

|
i

s E M m m s * > u s WARE

13
52
78
54
9
52
25
33
17
11
1
47
18
22
58

40
81
111
63
7
62
34
42
37
15
1
40
21
45
52

14
29
55
18
11
20
7
11
18
25
1
20
9
19
38

22
18
41
31
10
8
14
6
8
12
1
45
7
36
56

13
14t
27
10
12
23

27
46
10
4
30
55
40
28
31
34

28
79
20
2
38
55
27
68
13
53

28
133
32
4
59
128
73
73
61
58

18
53
17
6
34
51
51
98
70
69

32
50
20 1
7 1
25 |
68
46
108
38
81

68
3
4

104
14
17

123
13
14

218
33
30

223
31
35

156
28
25

1
2

7
15
2
1

8
7
6

13
33
34
14
1

10
19
32
11
3

12
3
9
6
3

5
35
44
39
11
35
6
17
11
9

10
2
10
7

13
7
1

2
12
3

17
34
5

4
32
10

5
6
3
8
1
3

12
6
17
1
1
6

6
10
17
3
7
8

12
22
22
7
9
12

9.3
9.6
9.7

20
2
1

12

33
4
4

39
8
1

9.4
9.9
9.2
9.1

2
1
1
3
1

1
7
1
2
2

3
3
1

10.1

2

1
8
15
14
3
11
4
7
1

2
16
26
16
2
20
5
5
7
3

20
13
9
17

VITREOUS WARE

Laborers, slip house, male................. ——
Batters-out, male....... .................................
Jigger men................................. - ................ .
Mold runners, male.................................... .
Finishers, male............................................ .




1

1

i
!
|
1
!
!
I
i
!
1

INDUSTRY

18
53
74
57
7
43
21
21
15
11
1
39
14
33
47

9
40
47
39
3
30
6
19
19
13
4
21
8
15
38

8
10
3
3
2
2

5?HB! POTTERY

Laborers, slip house, male........................ .
Batters-out, m
a l e , ........................ .
Jigger men....... .............................................
Mold runners, .male.... ............................... .
Finishers, male......... , . . ........... ...................
Finishers, female.......... ...............................
Dish makers, male...................................... .
Turners, male....... ..................................... .
Handlers, male............................................ .
Handle casters and finishers, male............ .
Handle casters and finishers, female...........
Casters, male............................................... .
Sanger makers, hand, male..........................
Kiln placers, bisque, male...........................
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male_____
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female............................................... .........
Brushers, female...........................................
Dippers, male............................................. .
Dippers’ helpers, male................................ .
Dippers’ helpers, female..................... .......
Kiln placers, glost, male...................... .......
Dressers, female............................................
W arehousemen.............................................
Gilders and liners, male...............................
Gilders and liners, female...........................
Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female........................................................
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male.
Packers, male................ ............................. .

79
5
37
23
18
5
35
16
68
48

9.7
10.6
9.7
10.6
9.9
10.8
10.1
8.4
9.6
10.6

5
5
7
7
4
7
5
7
6
6
7

42
38
28
44
9
73
39
84
35
66
54

10.7
10.2
10.6
9.7
10.0
10.2
11.1
9.3
10.9
10.7
9.4

7
6
7

474
17
21

9.9
10.6
10.4

AND
SUMMARY




7
3
7
7
6
2
6
6
7
5

INTRODUCTION

Finishers, female.........................................
Dish makers, male.......................................
Turners, male....... ........................ ..............
Handlers, male............................................
Handle casters and finishers, male............
Handle casters and finishers, female..........
Casters, m ale.............................................
Sagger makers, hand, male........................
Kiln placers, bisque, male............ ............
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male.......
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female.......................................................
Brashers, female..........................................
Dippers, male..............................................
Dippers" helpers, male........................... .
Dippers* helpers, female.............................
Kiln placers, glost, male.............................
Dressers, male..............................................
Dressers, female..........................................
Warehousemen............ ...............................
•Gilders and liners, m ale.............................
Oilders and liners, female............... ...........
•Transferrers, decalcomania and print, fe­
male........................................... - .............
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male.
Packers, male......................................

T able 4.—A VERAG E AND CLASSIFIED HOURS OF W ORK IN TWO WEEKS IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIND OF W ARE AND BY SEX

_______

_________ _
Number of—

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex

Average
hours
actually
Estab­ Employ­ worked
in two
lishments
ees
w eks

I-*

to

Number of employees whose hours of work in two weeks were—
108
117
99
54
63
72 1 81
27
36
45
90
18
4K
19A
1*0
Un­ and
and and and and and and and and and and and and 1 and
der under under
under under under under under under under under under under under under over
4H
45
54
81
99
108
117
126
IS
27
36
63
72
90

SEMI VITREOUS WARE

48.1
66.3
60.8
74.0
54.8
62.2
68.0
89.1
76.9
71.2
76.4
75.6
70.4

22
14
3

16
7
3

18
15
3

12
8
6
6
3
7
17
5
5

9
21
13
4
4
8
28
2

14
17
30
3
8
11
37
6
4

42
81

88.1

1

101

82.1
71.2
77.9

2
1
2
1
1

5
2
2
1

102
10
250
98
197
406

210
487
126
24
261
432
335
407
249
356

1,022

152
135

5
14
5
6
1
10
1
4
3

4
12
18
14
5
18
3
6
3
3
1

8
40
52
41
11
43
12
25
12
15
2
23
10
27
55

7
46
57
50
7
36
5
23
21
10
1
26
13
36
40

15
64
83
59
10
66
12
' 28
21
10

26
46
19
1
30
31
26
4
13
18
47
12
15

28
56
26
1
71
110
37
8
26
40
78
13
26

21
86
37

2
6

1

32
20
38
31

53
90
43
22
22
49
112
18
17

22
57
85
58
5
39
26
29
21
10
2
28
14
18
42
21
98
13
4
24
81
64
34
39
69
152
23
16

21
56
84
46
5
23
18
16
20
15
41*
14
17
34
11
102
15
4
18
47
54
73
45
60
184
20
17

21
27
49
25
8
11
20
14
10
11
2
33
5
12
9
12
26
6
3
10
24
133
65
48
231
17
22

4

2

2

3

3

2
1

1
1

1
2

33
3

1
1
4
3
4
3
1
18
8

3
1

2

3

1

2
2

18
6
18
8
6
2
18
7
8
14

INDUSTRY

2
14
24

66
291
124
162
135

76.9
65.7
69.3
64.7
65.7
59.5
78.3
67.0
71.3
74.4
68.9
80.1
71.0
59.7
47.2

9
1

28
99
12
36
100
12
8

15
1
2
9
9
2

4
3
1
4
2

6

11

3

1

2

VITREOUS WARE

Laborers, slip house, male............................ .
Batters-out, male.......................................... .
Jigger men..................................................... .
Mold runners, male...................................... .
Finishers, male.............................................. .




?a 4

3

1

4
3
1

10
9
6

14
19
11
1

4
25
31
15

14
20
32
5
2

2
i

2

POTTERY

6
3
3
43

4
22
36
28
6
35
4
7
11
4
1
5
5
28
53

136
357
500
344

THE

Laborers, slip house, m ale.......................... .
Batters-out, male...........................................
Jigger men.......................................................
Mold iunners, male...................................... .
Finishers, male...............................................
Finishers, female............................................
Dish makers, male_________ _____ _______
Turners, male..................................... ...........
Handlers, male.............................................. .
Handle casters and finishers, male............. .
Handle casters and finishers, female.............
Casters, male....... ...........................................
Sagger makers, hand, male............................
Kiln placers, bisque, m ale........................... .
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male............ .
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female...........................................................
Brushers, female....... ....................................
Dippers, male..............................................
Dippers’ helpers, male.................................. .
Dippers’ helpers, female................................
Kiln placers, glost, m a le ..............................
Dressers, female......... .................................. .
Warehousemen.............................................. .
Gilders and liners, male.................................
Gilders and liners, female............................. .
Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female.
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, m ale..
Packers, male..................................................

1

,21898

79
5
37
23
18
5
35
16
68
48

77.2
89.7
77.5
89.2
80.2
84.2
89.5
65. 2
62.9
72.6

5
5
7
7
4
7
5
7
6
6
7
7
6

42
38
28
44
9
73
39
84
35
66
54
474
17
21

73.6
79.7
79.6
75.6
79.6
71.3
89.9
70.8
94.7
83.1
71.4
77.7
86.4
86.4

7

12

1
1
1
~~2
1
17
4

11
2

10

4

2
1
2

'Ii'
l

5

2
11

”T
8
30

1
6
8
2
10
1
4

~io'
6
47

2
4

5
2
4
2
1
2
11
18
4
19
8
9
1
24
1
17
3
14
3
75
3
1

25
3
6
3
5
2
6
4
12
10
5
9
8
4
8
5
23
6
6
13
111
2
5

20
1
11
11
4
1
12
1
4
1

1
3
3
2

1
1

6

4

1

1

10
7
2
3

1
2
2
8

7
26
10
10
26
13
150
4
7

2
3
7
5
6
1
4
2
3

1
1

6

3

1
2

1

AND
SU M M ARY




7
3
7
7
6
2
6
6
7
5

INTRODUCTION

Finishers, female...........................................
Dish makers, male........................................
Turners, male................................................
Handlers, male..............................................
Handle casters and finishers, male..............
Handle casters and finishers, female...........
Casters, male................. ..............................
Sagger makers, hand, male..........................
Kiln placers, bisque, male...........................
Kiln drawers, bisque and *rlost, male..........
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female.........................................................
Brushers, female.......... ..................... ..........
Dippers, male...............................................
Dippers’ helpers, male.................................
Dippers’ helpers, female................................
Kiln placers, glost, male...............................
Dressers, male____ ________________ _____
Dressers, female________________________
W arehousemen.................................. ..........
Gilders and liners, male...............................
Gilders and liners, female..............................
Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female.
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, m ale..
Packers, male................................................ .

OC

T able 5.—A V E RAG E A N D CLASSIFIED AC TU A L EARNINGS M ADE IN TWO W EEKS IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY KIND OF WARE AND
BY SEX
Number of—

Kind of ware, occupation,
and sex
Estab­ Em­
lish­
ments ployees

h-*

Number of employees whose earnings in two weeks were—

Aver-

actual
earn­
$2.50 $5 $7.50 $10 $12.50 $15
ings Un­ and and and and and and
made der un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­
in two $2. 50 der der der der
der der
weeks
$5 $7.50 $10 $12.50 $15 $20

$20
and
un­
der
$25

$25
and
un­
der
$30

$30
and
un­
der
$35

$35
and
un­
der
$40

$40
and
un­
der
$45

$45
and
un­
der
$50

$50
and
un­
der
$55

11
50
26
42
5
40
7

1
1

4 4
1 3 17
2 7 26 52 38
1 4
5 13 9
9 41 52 56 39
5 7 11 12
8 23 50 44 40
1 2
5 2
3 3
6 7
1 1
1 7

161
52
34
41
8
29
9

6
6

g

20
47
43
26
4
25
9
13
6

19
42
45
16
7
13
8
11
8

3

6

6

5

14

13

7

7

7

7

9

5

1

2
1

2
1

1
4

3
2 ’ *§"

1
8

10

21

1
9

16

13

16

23

1
1

1

1
1

1
5

4
7

3

3

12

10

4
17

14

12
17

10
12

13
29

8
8

18

36

41

38

34

26

27

18

22

8

15
32
1
8
16
6
41
8
13
41

22 20
2
2
.... 4
2

2

2

2

2

6

4

g

$55
and
un­
der
$60

$60
and
un­
der
$65

$65
and
un­
der
$70

$70
and
un­
der
$75

$75
and
un­
der
$80

$80
and
un
der
$85

$85
and
un­
der
$90

$90 $95 $100^$110 $120
and and and and and $130
un­ un­ un­ iuh- un­ and
der der der ! der der over
$95 $100 $110 $120 $130

SEMIVITREOUS WARE

40

102

39.27

7
46

10
250

25. 32
72.29

44
46

98
197

68.27
62.82

46

406

33.89

2

13

22

17

22

6

38

45
45
46
12
42
45
46
44
41
42

210
487
126
24
261
432
335
407
249
356

22.07
21. 21
75.02
27.26
21.03
64. 85
23. 67
52.11
58.37
37.56

6
1

9
15
1

19
17

10
12
1

17
9
2

8
21

37

2

13
1
8

7
3
6

25 16
77 169 130
1
2
4 "T
4
6 36 73 84
6
7
4 3
25 57 80 60
5
1 2 3
3 5 5
7
2 26 35 47

46

1,022

28.63

152
135

58.37
59.95

46
46 1

1

1
1
3
4

4
8
5
1 .....
4
2
2
7
1

1
1
1

1
13
3
4

2
7
2
6
2

2

2

3
3

3
5

4

11
1
10
7
1
3

4

15

17

20

18

46

1
1

3

1
1

2

1
2

2

10

7

3

14 14
12 3
47 39
3
1
2 ....
3
11 11
14 20
6 15

1
3
47

1
3
1
53 31

2

1
3
(5
10

3
5
1

2
0
0
3

O
Z

g

8

30

g

5

2

3
7

5

5

2
1

1

l

5

g

2

1

0
&

6

3

6

2

8

16

18

23

g

7

5

24

13

3

g

12

2

1

2

1

14

8

15

14

18

7

77

64

52

37

20

7

13
14
9

5
18
2

1
1
13 "l3’ 11
2
3
2

1
7

14

3

16

8

1

3

6

2

99 171 171 199 119

57

38

21

12

6

4

3

2

10
7

7
12

9
18

6. 13
12
7

12
8

13
8

7
18

18
6

4
1

4

90
11
19

5
7

1

6

9
g

15 18
4
3
59 81
22 24
31 21

8
3

o

4

10
18
13

7
4
34
19
40

3
1

0
u

12

11
17
13

15
31
20
16
41

2
2

1
12

25

1
|35
I
76
23
18

42

2
32

8

1
2!
|

7
8

5
2

4
4

7
1

4
7

3

1 |.......

INDUSTRY

136 $44.22
357 37.14
500 62.54
344 30.47
66 35.75
291 31.19
124 63.66
162 63.10
135 68.10

POTTERY




46
46
46
42
28
44
42
46
46

THE

Laborers, slip house, male.
Batters-out, m ale..............
Jigger men....... ..................
Mold runners, male...........
Finishers, male..... .............
Finishers, female................
Dish makers, male_______
Turners, male............ ........
Handlers, male.......... ; ___
Handle casters and fin­
ishers, male.....................
Handle casters and fin­
ishers, female..................
Casters, male.....................
Sagger makers, hand,
male_____________ ____
Kiln placers, bisque, male.
Kiln drawers, bisque and
glost, male.......................
Drawers (in warehouse),
bisque and glost, female.
Brushers, female................
Dippers, male..... ........... .
Dippers’ helpers, male___
Dippers’ helpers, female...
Kiln placers, glost, m ale...
Dressers, female....... ..........
W arehousemen.................
Gilders and liners, m ale...
Gilders and liners, female..
Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female___
Kiln placers and drawers,
decorating, male_______
Packers, male.....................

VITREOUS WARE

42
81
101
48
11
79
5
37
23

44.59
32.42
73.70
28.31
37.22
30.49
73. 67
66.38
82.24

6

18

29.29

2
6
6
7

5
35
16
68

33. 41
72.94
65.85
63.07

48

49.26

7

42
38
28
44
9
73
39
84
35
66
54

22.04
22.70
72.97
27.93
26.30
68.73
45.23
18.66
50.30
74.25
45.28

7

474

25.77

6

17
21

53. 52
56.45

6

7
7
4
7
5

7

6
6

7

1

1

2

2
1
1

1

4
1
3
1

2
2

1
6

2

1

1

6

1
2
19 " T 10
1
4
9 10
8
3
12 *18“

5
7
3
4
1
12

4

1

1
1

1

6

i

1

4

1

3

1
2

1
1

16
4

1

1

2

8
2

1

7

5

1
1

3

6

6

1
2

1

8

5

1

3 26
1
1
1
14

16

85

1

5
4
9
1
1
2

3
3
10

1

4

1
1

4
1

1
3
6

3
2
7

1
1
3
4

1
5
3

1

2
2 3
1
1 ” 3”

1
1

9

3
1
10

3
1
10

1
8

5

10

1

2

2

2
5

1
1

1
4

1

1

5

1
6

1
9

1
13

6
2

13

12
1

6
1

5
9

2

8

8
2
4

5

6

4
4
5

2

88 97 72 42 24

6

2

2

1

1

2
2

1

1

1

2
17
13

2
17

10

4

1
1
11
1
1
x
1

12

3

9

5

5

7

2

3

1
1

1

1

2

0
1
2

1
2

2
2

3
3

2
1

2
1

1
2
12

4
1
1

1

2

4
1

2

2"
6

2

1

1

6

1

"*5

1

2

2

1
1
1 . . . . ~~2

6 11
7 2
2
4 "T
2
5

4
2

2

6

4

8
3
5 4
1 4
1
1
1 ....
2
1
” 3’ 2
24 11 4
1 3 ....
1 2
2
4
6 2 5

2
1

2
3

2
2

6

2

2

1

6

16

11

4

1

4

4

5

7

1

2

2

2

3
1

!

1
'

5

4

3

1

1

2

1

2

4

i

1
2

1

1
1

i

2

6

SUMMARY

5
5

1

AND




7
7
7
5
3
7
3
7
7

INTRODUCTION

Laborers, slip house, male.
Batters-out, male..............
Jigger men........................ .
M old runners, male......... .
Finishers, male.—............ .
Finishers, female...............
Dish makers, male............
Turners, male............... .
Handlers, male____ ____ _
Handle casters and finish­
ers, male................... ......
Handle casters and finish­
ers, female..................... .
Casters, male.....................
Sagger makers, hand, male
Kiln placers, bisque, male.
Kiln drawers, bisque and
glost, male......................
Drawers (in warehouse)
bisque and glost, female.
Brushers, female.............. .
Dippers, m ale................. .
Dippers, helpers, male___
Dippers, helpers, female...
Kiln placers, glost, male—.
Dressers, male...................
Dressers, female............... .
Warehousemen..................
Gilders and liners, male...
Gilders and liners, female.
Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female__
Kiln placers and drawers,
decorating, male............
Paekers, male................... .

Oi

16

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

DAYS AND EARNINGS

In Table 3 (p. 10) is shown the number of employees in each of 24
selected occupations according to the specified number of days on
which they worked in two weeks, and in Table 5 (p. 14) are shown the
same employees classified according to the amount earned in two
weeks. In Table 6 the employees in five selected occupations
(jigger men, bisque-kiln placers, kiln drawers, glost-kiln placers,
and transferrers) are shown both by the specified number of days
worked and by the classified amount earned in the two weeks; in
other words, days worked and earnings are correlated. Reading line
6 of Table 6 it is seen that of the 5 jigger men who earned “ $2-0
and under $25” in the two weeks covered by the study, 2 worked
on 3 days, 1 on 4 days, and 2 on 5 days.
T a p li 6.—SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS
IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY KIND OF W ARE AND BY SEX

Kind of ware, occupation, sex, and
classified earnings in two weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each
specified number of days in two weeks
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

n

13

14 Total

SEMIVITREOUS WARE

Jigger men, in 46 potteries:

1
1
1

$12.50 and under $15__________
$15 and under $20
______
$20 and under $25
. ______
$25 and under $30
_ _
___
$30 and under $35
__
$35 and under $40. ___________
$40 and under $45
______
$45 and under $50
________
$50 and under $55____________
$55 and under $60 _ ______
$60 and under $65
__ ______
$65 and under $70
_____
$70 and under $75 _ _ _____
$75 and under $80
!
$80 and under $85
_____
$85 and under $90. . __ ______
$90 t'nd under $95_____________
$95 and under $100
___
$100 and under $110 ______
$110 and under $120
$120 and under $130
$130 and over— _____________
T otal......... ............................. 3
Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 46
potteries:
$5 and under $7.50..... ................
$7.50 and under $10....................
$12.50 and under $15...................
$20 and under $25.......................
$25 and under $30..................... .
$30 and under $35.......................
$35 and under $40.... ..................
$40 and under $45.................. .
$45 and under $50.......................
$50 and under $55......................
$55 and under $60.....................
$60 and under $65_____________
$65 and under $70............. .........
$70 and under $75.......................
$75 and under $80.......................
$80 and under $85.......................
$85 and under $90.......................
$90 and under $95.......................
$95 and under $100.....................
$100 and under $110....................
$110 and under $120....................
Total.......... ............................




1

3

1

"Y

i
■

1
1
1
3
3
1

2
4
2
1 1
5 11
8 7
1 2 11
1 4 9
3
3 .... 1
1
1

3

‘T
6
6

5
6

4
7
1
1

1
2
3
5
12
9
13

8
8
7

1
2
3

___ 1 __
2
1
3
7
10
10
5

8

13
7
5
4
1
1
1

3

3

15

26

47

44

74

78

2
3
3 ‘T
4
3
3 "s’ 7
13 2 3
17 6
15 15 2
2
15 7
5 6
13
3
13 3
3
4 5
1 4
3
2
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
111 55 41

2
1
1
3

1
1
6

2

1
6

4
1
3

2
3

"Y
1
1

~T T

~T

T lo"

15

9

3
7
11

1
7

1
4

5
4
2
1

1
1

2

33

22

1
6

5 .... 1
2
20
4
1 2
5 8 11
2 3
5
1
1
3
5
1 6
1 4
1
45 19 36

1
1
2
1
4
5
13
9
26
34
43
45
47
39
47
53
31
32
25
16
8

12
3
2
1
500

1
2
1
1
5
7
12
10
17
14
17
12
29

8

24
13
3

8

7
5
1
197

17

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

T able 6.—SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AN D CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS
IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIN D OF W ARE AND BY SEX—Contd,

Kind of ware., occupation, sex, and
classified earnings \n two weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each
specified number of days in two weeks
1

s e m iv it r e o u s w a r e —

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 Total

continued

Kiln drawers, bisque and glost,
male, in 46 potteries:
Under $2.50. •.............................
$2.50 and under $ 5 .................. .
$5 and under $7.50-----------------$7.50 and under $10.......... .........
$10 and under $12.50..................
$12.50 and under $15..................
$15 and under $20....... ..............
$20 and under $25____________
$25 and under $30____________
$30 and under $35..... .................
$35 and under $40..... .................
$40 and under $45.......................
$45 and under $50.......................
$50 and under $55..... .................
$55 and under $60......................
$60 and under $65................... .
$65 and under $70.......................
$70 and under $75......................
$75 and under $80.................. .
$80 and under $85.......................
$85 and under $90__________ ...
$90 and under $95......................
Total...
27 I 23

15

7

38

17

58

52

38

2
13
22
17
22
6
38
18
36
41
38
34
26
27
18
22
8
12
2
1
2
1
406

Kiln placers, glost, male, in 45 pot$2.50 and under $5___ _________
$5 and under $7.50.......................
$7.50 and under $10______ ____ _
$10 and under $12.50........... ........
$12.50 and under $15...................
$15 and under $20................ ........
$20 and under $25......... ..............
$25 and under $30.........................
$30 and under $35........................
$35 and under $40_____________
$40 and under $45_________ ____
$45 and under $50....................... .
$50 and under $55.........................
$55 and under $60.................. ......
$60 and under $65........................
$65 and under $70.........................
$70 and under $75.................... .
$75 and under $80....... .......... ......
$80 and under $85_________ ____
$85 and under $90.........................
$90 and under $95.....................
$100 and under $110.....................
$110 and under $120.....................

Total..
Transferrers, decalcomania and
print, female, in 46 potteries:
Under $2.50..............................
$2.50 and uncier $5.......................
$5 and under $7.50...................... .
$7.50 and under $10...... ...............
$10 and under $12.50................ .
$12.50 and under $15.................. .
$15 and under $20.........................
$20 and under $25...................... .
$25 and under $30.........................
$30 and under $35.........................
$35 and under $40.........................
$40 and under $45.........................
$45 and under $50.........................
$50 and under $55...................... .
$55 and under $60.........................
$60 and under $65.........................
$65 and under $70.........................
$70 and under $75.........................
$75 and under $80.........................
Total......................... ............ .




1
3
3
1
6
4
3
7
6
15
7
15
15
48
32
77
64
52
37
20
7
5 | 12

5

21

6

20

12

10

33

14 | 55 |55

4
15
17
20
18
46
99
171
171
199
119
57
38
21
12
6
4
3
2
104 123 218 223 156 ............. 1,022

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

18
T

SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AN D CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS
IN 1'IVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1025, BY KIND OF W ARE AND BY SEX—Contd.

able

Kind of ware, occupation, sex, and
classified earnings in two weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each
specified number of days in two weeks
3

6

4

7

10

11

12

13

14 Total

VITREOUS WARE

Jigger men, in 7 potteries:
$10 and under $12.50..
$25 and under $30.......
$30 and under $35.......
$35 and under $40.......
$40 and under $45.......
$50 and under $55.......
$55 and under $60.......
$60 and under $65.......
$65 and under $70.......
$70 and under $75.......
$75 and under $80.......
$80 and under $85.......
$85 and under $90.......
$90 and under $95.......
$95 and under $100___
$100 and under $110. . .
$110 and under $120. ..
$120 and under $130...
$130 and over..... ........
Total..

1
4
1
3
2
9
10
6
7
11
12
3
9
5
5
7
2
3
1
1

1

32

15

Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 7
potteries:
$12.50 and under $15................. .
$16 and under $20.......................
$35 and under $40.....................
$40 and under $45................... .
$45 and under-$50. .................... .
$50 and under $5§__....................
$55 and under $60.......................
$60 and under $65..... .................
$65 and under $70..... .................
$70 and under $75.......................
$75 and under $80.......................
$80 and under $85.......................
$85 and under $90.......................
$90 and under $95.......................
$95 and under $100....................

1
3
1
3
3
5
10
10
8
2
12
6
1
2
1

Total.

27

Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male,
in 5 potteries:
$15 and under $20.......................
$30 and under $35.......................
$35 and under $40.......................
$40 and under $45......................
$45 and under $50.......................
$50 and under $55.......................
$55 and under $60......................
$60 and under $65.......................
$65 and under $70.......................
$75 and under $80.......................

1
2
9
10
5
10
1
2
2

Total..

48

18

Kiln placers, glost, male^in 7 pot­
teries:
$20 and under $25.......................
$35 and under $40.......................
$40 and under $45.......................
$45 and under $50.................. .
$50 and under $55.................... .
$55 and under $60.......................
$60 and under $65.......................
$65 and under $70.................
$70 and under $75.....................
$75 and under $80.......................
$80 and under $85.................... .
$85 and under $90.......................
$90 and under $95.......................
Total..




1
2
1
1
1
6
13
12
16
11
4
1
4
2

1

12

15

7

27

73

19

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T

6 —SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO W EEKS
IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY K IN D OF W ARE A N D B Y SEX—Contd.

able

Kind of ware, occuaption, sex, and
classified earnings in two weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each
specified number of days in two weeks
1

v it r e o u s w a r e —

2

3

4
2

1
6

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 Total

continued

Transferrers, decalcomania and
print, female, in 7 potteries:
.........
Under $2.50$2.50 and under $5
____
$5 and under $7.50
_ _______
$7.50 and under $10__________
$10 and under $12.50
$12.50 and under $15__________
$15 and under $20____________
$20 and under $25____________
$25 and under $30_____________
$30 and under $35_____________
$35 and under $40..... ......... ........
$40 and under $45 _ _ _
$45 and under $50 ___________
$50 and under $55____________
$55 and under $60—....................
$60 and under $65..... ..................
$65 and under $70_______ _____
Total........................................

5
1

1
1

1
2

!
| 1

1
1

i

i
6

6

7

3
7
4
4
2
2

"

3
4
3
3
2
2

4
6
4
6
6
1

•

3

5

22

17

27

1
3
1
13 35 11 12
5 28 9 35
5 28 12 42
1 17 20 26
4
6 13 18
1 7 16
. 5
1
2
2
1
1

i
i

5
6
8
5
14
16
85
88
97
72
42
24
6
2
2
1
1

31 117

I

474

73 160

HOURS AND EARNINGS

In Table 4 (p. 12) is shown the number of employees in each of
24 selected occupations according to the classified number of hours
worked in two weeks, and in Table 5 (p. 14) the same employees are
grouped according to the classified amount earned in two weeks. In
Table 7 the number of employees in five selected occupations (jigger
men, bisque-kiln placers, kiln drawers, glost-kiln placers, and trans­
ferrers) are classified both by the number of hours worked and by the
amount earned in two weeks. Reading line 6 of Table 7, it is seen
that of the 5 jigger men who earned “ $20 and under $25” in the
two weeks covered by the study 2 worked 18 and under 27 hours,
and 3 worked 27 and under 36 hours.




THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

20
T

able

7 —CLASSIFIED HOURS AND EARNINGS IN TW O WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED
OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIN D OF W ARE AND BY SEX
Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—

Kind of ware, occupation, sex, ajid
classified earnings in two weeks

9 18 27
Un­ and and and
der un­ un­ un­
9 der der der
18 27 36

36
and
un­
der
45

45
and
un­
der
54

54
and
un­
der
63,

63
and
un­
der
72

72
and
un­
der
81

81
and
un­
der
90

90
and
un­
der
99

99
and
un­
der
108

108
and 117
un­ and To­
der over tal
117

SEMIVITREOUS WARE

Jigger men, in 46 potteries:
$2.50 and npder $5

1
..... $5 and
1 under $7.50
$10 and under $12.50
2
$12.50 and nndp.r $15
1
$15 find under $20
2
2
$20 and under $25
2
3
$25 and under $30 ^
5 4
$30 and under $35 , _. ,
1 2
$35 and under $40 . . . .
3 10
$40 and under $45... .......... .......
2 8
!
$45 and under $50____________
2 5
I
$50 and under $55. _ , ......... .
1 5
i___
$55 and under $60......................
1
$60 and under $65 _
1 2
$65 qnf1 under $70
, , .
1
$70 and under $75
' i
$75 and under $80
___ I___
$80 and under $85
........... '" " I . . ___ |___
i
1
$85 and nnder $qo .
-----!----$90 and under $95
,. ...,,
1
$95 and under $100
$100 and
$110
$110 nnfj vmder $120
$120 and under $130
. ,.
$130 and over.............................
4 5 18 36
Total.................................. Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 46pot­
teries:
$5 and under $7.50. ____ - ____ _ i
$7.50 and under $10__________
2
1
$12.50 and under $15_________
1
$20 and under $25 . _ __ _
$25 and under $30..... ..............
2 3
4
$30 and under $35.......... ...........
3
$35 and under $40____________
6 6
$40 and under $45 . . .
1 7
$45 and under $50.......... ...........
12
$50 and under $55.......... ..........
*
$55 and under $60....... ............
$60 and under $65........ .......
$65 and under $70. ______ ____
$70 and under $75....................
$75 and under $80.....................
$80 and under $85......................
$85 and under $90....................
$90 and under $95.....................
$95 and under $100....................
|
$100 and under $110..................
$110 and under $120..................
Total.....................................
i iiI 3 3 14 28
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost,
male, in 46 potteries:
Under $2.60............................... 2
$2.50 and under $5.................... 13
$5 and under $7.50.................... 18 4
$7.50 and under $10................... 1 16
$10 and under $12.50................. 1 14 6
1
$12.50 and under $15.................
2 4
$15 and under $20......................
1
27 10
$20 and under $25......................
6
6 4
$25 and under $30......................
9 18
$30 and under $35....................
19
$35 and under $40......................
9
$40 and under $45............. ........
$45 and under $50......................
$50 and under $55......................
$55 and under $60......................
$60 and under $65.....................
$65 and under $70............
$70 and under $75............
$75 and under $80.............
$80 and under $85.....................
$85 and under $90.................
$90 and under $95_ ................
Total_______ ___________
~24~ ~36~~43~ ~24~ ~53~




4
2
5
8
12
11
4
3
1

1
4
4
12
13
14
4
5

2

52

57

2
1
3 ’T
4
5
1
4
2
6
6
6
14 5 " V
8 8
9
15 12 7
13 18 17
3 11 13
5 10
4
1 4 13
2 2
3
3
2 3
2
83

85

84

1

1

2
1
4
4
3
3
9
6
6
2
7
1
1

1
3

1

3
2
1
1
1
2
2

1
1

49

18

1

1

1
1
4

3

!
2
5
10
5
2
3

27

3
6
8
11
3
2
2
1

36

1
6
215
3
9
2

1
1
9
5
1
1

38

55

2
10
13
7
7
1

1
1
8
10
8
1

2
3
3

’T
18 17

2
2
18
14
15
5
1

1
7

1

5

3
4
12

7

1
1 ....
2
9
7 2
1
19
6
9
3
1
1
2

40 ~31~“IF 34

3
1

1

1
2
1
1
9

3

1

1
1
2
1
4
5
13
9
26
34
43
45
47
39
47
53
31
32
25
16
8
12
3
2
1
500
1
2
1
1
5
7
12
10
17
14
17
12
29
8
24
13
3
8
7
5
1
197
2
13
22
17
22
6
38
18
36
41
38
34
26
27
18
22
8
12
2
1
2
1
406

INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T

able

21

7 . — CLASSIFIED

HOURS AN D EARNINGS IN TW O W EEKS IN FIVE SELECTED
OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY K IN D OF W ARE AND B Y SEX—Continued
Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—

Kind of ware, occupation, sex,
and classified earnings in two

s e m i v it r e o u s w a r e —

9 18
Un- and and
der
un­
der
27

27
and
un­
der
36

36
and
un­
der
45

45 54
and and
un­ un­
der der
54 63

63
and
un­
der
72

72 81 90
and and and
un­ un­ un­
der der der
81 90 99

108
and and 117
un­ un­ and
der der over
108 117

To­
tal

continued

Kiln placers, glost, male, in 45
potteries:
$2.50 and under $5....................
$5 and under $7.50................. .
$7.50 and under $10..................
$10 and under $12.50...............
$12.50 and under $15...............
$15 and under $20.................... .
$20 and under $25.................... .
$25 and under $30....................
$30 and under $35 .....................
$35 and under $40....................
$40 and under $45....................
$45 and under $50...................
$50 and under. $55_ .................
$55 and under $60....................
$60 and under $65....................
$65 and under $70....................
$70 and under $75....................
$75 and under $80....................
$80 and under $85....................
$85 and under $90...................
$90 and under $95.................. .
$100 and under $110................
$110 and under $120......... .......
Total..
Transferrers, decalcomania and
print, female, in 46 potteries:
Under $2.50................................
$2.50 and under $5....................
$5 and under $7.50....................
$7.50 and under $10..................
$10 and under $12.50................
$12.50 and under $15................
$15 and under $20____________
$20 and under $25__..................
$25 and under $30.....................
$30 and under $35....................
$35 and under $40.....................
$40 and under $45.....................
$45 and under $50....................
$50 and under $55.....................
$55 and under $60.....................
$60 and under $65.....................
$65 and under $70.................... .
$70 and under $75.....................
$75 and under $80.....................
Total..

3

1

6
4
3
7
6
15
7
15
18
42
35
77
64
52
37
20
7
17

31 110

10

90

4
15
17
20
18
46
99
171
171
199
119
57
38
21
12
6
4
3
2
18

28

37

47

184 231 100

78

1,022

VITREOUS WARE

Jigger men, in 7 potteries:
$10 and under $12.50-..
$25 and under $30.......
$30 and under $35.......
$35 and under $40........
$40 and under $45........
$50 and under $55........
$55 and under $60........
$60 and under $65........
$65 and under $70........
$70 and under $75____
$75 and under $80........
$80 and under $85........
$85 and under $90........
$90 and under $95........
$95 and under $100......
$100 and under $110__
$110 and under $120....
$120 and under $130....
$130 and over...............
Total...........................................................




7
11
12
3
9
5
5
7
2
3

1

2

2 ....

4

9

19 31

32

101

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

22

T able 7 . -C LA SSIF IE D HOURS AND EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SE LECTED

OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY KIND OF W ARE AN D BY SE X—Continued

Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Kind of ware, occupation, sex, and
classified earnings in two weeks Un­ and
der un­
der
18
v it r e o u s w a r e

18 27
and and
un­ un­
der der
27 36

36
and
un­
der
45

45
and
un­
der
54

54 63
and and
un­ un­
der der
63 72

72
and
un­
der
81

81
and
un­
der
90

90 99
and and
un­
der

108
and 117
un­ and
der over
117

— continued

Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 7
potteries:
$12.50 and under $15...............
$15 and under $20...................
$35 and under $40.__________
$40 and under $45....................
$45 and under $50..... ..............
$5© and under $55...................
$55 and under $60— ...............
$60 and under $65...................
$65 and under $70. ..................
$7-0 and under $75...................
$75 and under $80...................
$80 and under $85...................
$85 and under $90...................
$90 and under $95...................
$95 and under $100.................
Total.
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost,
male, in 5 potteries:
$15 and under $20..................
$30 and under $35..................
$35 and under $40..................
$40 and under $45..................
$45 and under $50..................
$50 and under $55..................
$55 and under $60........ .........
$60 and under $65..................
$65 and under $70..................
$75 and under $80..................
Total....................... ...........
Kiln placers, glost, male, in 7 pot­
teries:
$20 and under $25.................. .
$35 and under $40.................. .
$40 and under $45.................. .
$45 and under $50................. .
$50 and under $55.................. .
$55 and under $60.................. .
$60 and under $65.................. .
$65 and under $70.................. .
$70 and under $75.................. .
$75 and under $80.................. .
180 and under $85.................. .
$85 and under $90.................. .
$90 and under $95.................. .
Total..
Transferrers, decalcomania and
print, female, in 7 potteries:
Under $2.50.............................
$2.50 and under $5..................
$5 and under $7.50............ .....
$7.50 and under $10............... .
$10 and under $12.50...............
$12.50 and under $15...............
$15 and under $20.................. .
$20 and under $25...................
$25 and under $30..................
$30 and under $35..................
$35 and under $40..................
$40 and under $45..................
$45 and under $50..................
$50 and under $55...................
$55 and under $60..................
$60 and under $65..................
$65 and under $70..................
Total-




To­
tal

1
3

1
3
3

5
10
10
8
2
12
6
1
2
1
17

68
1
2
9
10
5
10
1
2
2
6
48

12

10

1
2
1
1
1
6
13
12
16
11
4
1
4
73

24

5

7

6

11

22

30

4?

75 111 150

4 1

6
8
5
14
16
85
88
97
72
42
24
6
2
2
1
1
474

COMPARISON OF HOURLY EARNINGS

23

COMPARISON OF HOURLY EARNINGS; 1912-13 AND 1925
In 1912-13 the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of
the United States Department of Commerce made a study of cost
of production, wages, etc., in the pottery industry in the United
States and in Europe, in the published report2 of which average hourly
earnings by occupation are shown as of 1912-13.
The occupation
terms m that report differ to some extent from those in this study,
and there is some difference T’h the classification of employees, such
as the inclusion of foremen and possibly helpers in an occupation in
one report and the exclusion of such employees from that occupation
in the other report.
In Table 8 tne hourly earnings in the two periods are brought into
comparison. The occupational terms are given as shown in each
report. The occupational items that may be fairly comparable are
shown on the same line, while those appearing in one report and not
in the other and not assumed to be comparable are shown on separate
lines.
In comparing rates it should be borne in mind that handles were
generally pressed in 1912-13 and cast in 1925; that bench bosses
were evidently included with journeymen placers in 1912-13, but
are not included in 1925; that gilders ana liners were treated as
separate occupations in the 1912-13 study and as one occupation in
the present study; that female selectors and wrappers were con­
sidered as one occupation in 1912-13, the very few female selectors in
the industry in 1925 being placed in the group of “ Other employees,”
and that packers evidently included head packers in 1912-13, while
head packers are shown as a separate occupation in 1925.
While the comparison of the averages for some of the occupations
for the two periods can not, for the reasons stated, be entirely satis­
factory, there is a sufficient number of occupations for whicn exact
comparison is possible to show that hourly earnings in the pottery
industry have, as a whole, more than doubled in the 12-year interval.
By computation from the figures relating to the semivitreous ware
it is seen that the earnings per hour of jigger men increased 98 per
cent; of sagger makers, 112 per cent; of dippers, 98 per cent; of
bisque-kiln placers, 120 per cent; of clay carriers, 171 per cent; of
female finishers, 103 per cent; and of female dressers, 114 per cent.
It is of interest to note that while the jigger men’s earnings per
hour increased 98 per cent, the rate for jiggering a 7-inch plate,3 as
shown on page 29, increased 61 per cent, and that while the bisquekiln placers’ earnings per hour increased 120 per cent, their average
rate per kiln day, allowing for the change from 212 to 200 cubic feet
of kiln space per kiln day, increased 68 per cent. The comparisons
made appear to indicate that the increase in hourly earnmgs has
been due to speeding up as well as to an increase in piece or wage
rates. It was generally reported that there was a request or demand
for speeding up during and immediately after the World W ar and
that the habit thus acquired seems to have continued, the speed at
which employees work being decidedly noticeable in the pottery
industry. In many potteries changes in equipment and arrange­
ment have made work easier and helped to increase production.
* Department of Commerce. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The pottery industry.
Washington, 1915. 709 pp. Miscellaneous series, No. 21.
3This is trade size only; actual measurement is 9 inches.




24
T

able

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY
8.—COMPARISON OF AVERAGE HOU RLY EARNINGS OF P O T T E R Y W ORKERS
IN 1925 AND IN 1912-13, BY KIND OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu­
reau of Labor Statistics 1925 study

Average earnings
per hour
1925

SEMIVITREOUS WARE

Slip makers, m ale.....................................
Laborers, slip house, male...................—
Mold makers, male....... . . . ........................
Clay carriers, male___________________
Batters-out, male................. ....................
Chp bailers, male.................... ................. .
Jigger men......... ...................... ................
Mold runners, male.............. ................... .
Finishers, male................. ........................ .
Finishers, female_____________________ _
Dish makers, male............. ...................... .
Dish makers’ helpers, male...................
Turners, male....... ...... ........................ .....
Turners’ spongers, m ale........ ..................
Turners’ spongers, female.,.................... .
Handlers, male....... ...... ........... ............... .
Handle casters and finishers, male........ .
Handle casters and finishers, female------Stickers-up, male.............................. .........
Casters, male............................................. .
Pressers, male..........................................
Laborers, sagger shop, male...... ................
Sagger makers, hand, male...... ................ .
Sagger makers’ helpers, hand, male_____
Sagger makers, machine,1 male____ ____ _
Kiln placers, bisque, male_____________ _
Kiln placers, boss, bisque, maie.... ...........
Firemen, bisque and glost ........................
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male____
Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male.
Laborers, kiln shed, male_____ ________
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and
glost, female.
Brushers, female............. ..................... .....
Stampers, bisque, female______________ _
Glaze mixers, male........... ........................
Glaze mixers’ helpers, male.......................
Ware boys.................... ............................ .
Dippers, male................. ..........................
Dippers’ helpers, male...............................
Dippers’ helpers, female...........................
Kiln placers, glost, male...........................
Kiln placers, boss, glost, male.... ..............
Pin boys........ ..........................................
Dressers, female........................................
Dressers, forelady................ ............... .....
W arehousemen..........................................
Ware carriers, male...................................
Dusters, female.......... ...............................
Stampers, gold, female..............................
Gilders and liners, male...........................
Gilders and liners, female......................... .
Cutters, decalcomania, female...............
Transferrers, decalcomania and print, fe­
male.
Printers, male.................................. .........
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating,
male.
Firemen, decorating.................................. .
Burnishers, female.................................... .
Wrappers, female...................................... .
Straw boys............................. .................. .
Packers, male__........................................ .

Cents
74.6
57.5
106.4
61.4
56.5
34.0
90.2
47.1
54.4
52.4
81.3
53.2
94.2
35.4
31.7
95.5
52.8
36.7
59.3
90.3
64.9
54.8
96.1
79.3
62.9
105.2
127.3
53.1
71.8
82.7
50.5
45.9
32.0
33.0
52.5
50.0
50.8
123.3
36.8
38.4
104.2
124.7
58.7
34.8
48.8
58.5
32.6
24.8
40.2
75.9
52.8
34.8
37.5

1912-13

Cents

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu
reau of Foreign and Domestic Com­
merce 1912-13 study

SEMIVITREOUS WARE

22.63
28.64
51.45
22.63
23.19
16.34
45.66
18.74
19.51
25.78
44.43

Clay puggers, male.
Slip makers, male.
Mold makers, male.
Clay carriers, male.
Batters-out, male.
Cup bailers, male.
Jigger men.
Mold runners, male.
Finishers, male.
Finishers, female.
Dish makers, male.

49.87

Turners, male.

53.82
16.64

Handlers, male.
Handle makers, male.

34.16
38.91
36.54

Stickers-up, male.
Casters, male.
Pressers, male.

45.28
31.22

Sagger makers, male.
Sagger makers’ helpers, male

47.79

Placers, bisque, male.

26.63
31.87

Firemen, bisque and glost.
Kiln drawers, male.

20.75
19.16

Odd men, kiln.
Kiln drawers' helpers, female.

14.61
19.63
22.96

Ware brushers, female.
Stampers, female.
Glaze makers, male.

62.34
19.53
16.55
47.65

Dippers, male
Dippers’ helpers, male.
Dippers’ helpers, female.
Placers, glost, male.

16.29

Ware dressers, female.

29.16
16.37

Warehousemen.
Ware carriers, male.

16.25
38.03
39.80
29.27
27.26

Liners, male.
Gilders, male.
Liners, female.
Gilders, female.

20.42

Transferrers, female.

68.5
77.2

42.90 .Printers, male.
30.92 Placers and drawers, decorating, male.

89.0
25.4
28.1
32.5
85.1

48.04
8.91
13.58
18.91
35.54

Firemen, decorating.
Burnishers, female.
Selectors and wrappers, female.
Straw boys.
Packers, male.

i Includes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries.




COMPARISON OF HOURLY EARNINGS

25

COMPARISON OF AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS OF PO TTE R Y W ORKERS
IN 1925 AND IN 1912-13, BY KIND OF WARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX—Continued

T a b l e 8 .—

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu­
reau of Labor Statistics 1925 study

Average earnings
per hour
1925

s e m iv it r e o u s w a r e

1912-13

s e m iv it r e o u s w a r e —

— c o n t in u e d

Packers, head, male_____
Other employees, male. _.
Other employees, female..
Total, males...
Total, females..

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu­
reau of Foreign and Domestic Com­
merce 1912-13 study

Cents
96.2
50.8
32.9

Cents

continued

70.5
38.5

Grand total, males and females.
33. 50
29.56
32.86
51.76
19.63
25.47
31. 34
23. 57
26.95
17.85
28.35
16.85
34.14
30.63
37.01
11.21

27.45
22.06
49.32
20.57
31. 56

Tinters, female.
Tinters, male.
Stamp mounters, male.
Engravers, male.
Stampers, female.
Jigger men, apprentices.
Turners, apprentices, male.
Handlers, apprentices,, male.
Dish makers, apprentices, male.
Pressers, apprentices, male
Casters, apprentices, male
Stickers-up, apprentices, male.
Placers, bisque, apprentices, male.
Placers, glost, apprentices, male.
Dippers, apprentices, male.
Warehousemen, apprentices.
Packers, apprentices, male.
Firemen, boiler.
Foremen.
Forewomen.
Engineers, male.
VITREOUS WARE

▼JTREOtJS WARE

Slip makers, male...................
Laborers, slip house, male___
Mold makers, male_________
Clay carriers, male..................
Batters-out, inale.___............ .
Jigger men.......................... .....
Mold runners, male................
Finishers, male..
Finishers, female................. ..............
Dish makers, male............................
Turners, male........................ ..........
Turners’ spongers, male....................
Turners’ spongers, female..................
Handlers, male___________________
Handle casters and finishers, m ale...
Handle casters and finishers, female _
Casters, male......................................
Pressers, male.....................................
Laborers, sagger shop, male...............
Sagger makers, hand, male................
Sagger makers’ helpers, hand, male..
Sagger makers, machine,1male.........
Kiln placers, bisque, male.
Kiln placers, boss, bisque, male................
Firemen, bisque and glost,........................
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male____
Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male'
Laborers, kiln shed, male______ ____ ___
Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female.
B rushers, female.........................................
Stampers, bisque, female...........................
Glaze mixers, male.............. •_....................
Glaze mixers’ helpers, male.......................
Ware boys.........— ...................................
Dippers, male.............................................
Dippers’ helpers, male.................. ...........
Dippers’ helpers, female............................
Kiln placers, glost, m ale...........................
Kiln placers, boss, glost, male...................
Dressers, male............................................

72.7
50.6
101.4
46.3
41.4
89.8
39.8
47.8
39.5
82.1
85.7
29.2
27.3
92.2
36.5
39.7
81.5
88.7
48.1

26.30
19.05
42.20
21. 51
17.25
44.86
14.20
16. 66
19.20
41.22
44.35

Slip makers, male.
Clay puggers, male.
Mold makers, male.
Clay carriers, male.
Batters-out, male.
Jigger men.
Mold runners, male.
Finishers, male.
Finishers, female.
Dish makers, male.
Turners, male.

41.67
15.73

Handlers, male.
Handle makers, male.

35.52
35.87

Casters, male.
Pressers, male.

68.1

58.22
31.56

Sagger makers, male.
Sagger makers’ helpers, male.

100.2

50.48

Placers, bisque, male

33.16
23.99

Firemen, bisque and glost.
Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male.

20.48

Odd men, kiln.

53.37
13.61

Dippers, male.
Dippers’ helpers, male.

101.0

93.5
124.9
62.7
67.8
81.0
48.2
30.0
28.5
27.2
55.1
47.6
47.2
91.7
36.9
33.0
96.4
107.8
50.3

42.03

Placers, glost, male.

15.05

Ware grinders and polishers, male.

1Indudes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries.




26
T

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY
8.—COM PARISON OF AVERAGE HOU RLY EARNINGS OF P O T T E R Y W ORKERS
IN 1925 AN D IN 1912-13, B Y K IN D OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX—Continued

able

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu­
reau of Labor Statistics 1925 study

Average earnings
per hour
1925

v it r e o u s w a r e —

1912-13

Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu­
reau of Foreign and Domestic Com­
merce 1912-13 study

continued

Dressers, female........................................
W arehousemen.......................... ..............
Ware carriers, male...................... ..........
Stampers, gold, fem ale-..........................
Gilders and liners, male...........................
Gilders and liners, female------- --------—
Cutters, decalcomania, female-------------Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female.
Printers, male________________________
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating,
male.
Firemen, decorating..................................
Burnishers, female....................................
Wrappers, female— .................................
Straw boys.......... .....................................
Packers, male— ...........................- .........
Packers, head, male..................................
Other employees, male------------ -----------Other employees, female..........................

v it r e o u s w a r e —

continued

Cents
26.3
53.1
35.4
23.5
89.3
63.4
26.3
33.2

Cents
13.25
24.00
17.00

76.6
61.9

51.63
20.43

Printers, male.
Placers and drawers, decorating, male.

55.3
44.8
23.8
35.4
65.4
114.4
51.7
28.3

40.89
20.79
12.12

Firemen, decorating.
Burnishers, female.
Selectors and wrappers, female.

49.48
45.77
25.83
26.91
25.26
16.92
50.10
30.82

Throwers, male.
Engravers, male.
Pressers, apprentices, male.
Casters, apprentices, male.
Printers, apprentices, male.
Selectors and brushers, male.
Foremen.
Forewomen.

Total, males....................................
Total, females_______ ____ ______

f>3. 8
32.9

Grand total, males and females___

52.1

55.27
29.22
‘ I6."l6

Ware dressers, female.
Warehousemen.
Ware carriers, male.
Liners, male.
Liners, female.
Transferrers, female.

PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911
SEMIVITREOUS WARE

The National Brotherhood of Operative Potters was organized in
December, 1890, by representatives of the employees ofpotteries at
East Liverpool, Toronto, and Findlay, Ohio; New Cumberland,
W . V a .; and Kittanning, Pa.4 The July, 1897, convention of this
union was important in that it was the first one attended by delegates
representing employees of eastern potteries, at which the question
of consolidation of pottery employees of the two sections was dis­
cussed, and at which a committee was appointed to meet a committee
of manufacturers to discuss a uniform wage list.
This 1897 convention resulted in a joint meeting of the appointed
committees in August, 1897, at which the following joint resolution
was adopted:
Resolved, That on December 25, 1897, the wages of the operative potters be
advanced to an equivalent of the reduction of 1 2 ^ per cent made in the wages of
operatives in 1894, based on the uniform working price list, to be agreed upon
mutually, and both to take place simultaneously.

Employees of eastern potteries in a convention in December, 1897,
voted to join the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters, and in
January, 1900, the Sanitary Pressers’ National Union also joined the
* Department of Commerce. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The pottery industry.
Washington, 1915, p. 336. Miscellaneous series, No. 21.




PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911

27

brotherhood. At a conference between representatives of the em­
ployees and of the employers in March, 1900, a uniform wage list,
based on the average of the various prices paid by the different
potteries throughout the country, was adopted. The wage list
went into effect in M ay, 1900, and has been followed by other agree­
ments to date.
To illustrate the changes in piece rates from a time shortly before
the World War down to the present, the rates for a few occupations
in the manufacture of semivitreous ware, as provided in the various
agreements from 1911 to 1924, are presented in Table 9 (p. 29).
This table shows rates per dozen for jiggering 7-inch3 plain-edge
plates, ordinary turned teacups, and plain saucers; turning ordinary
thin teacups; handling (making and putting handles on) ordinary
thin teacups (open handle); making 10-inch5 oval dishes by hand;
and casting 24-size jugs; rates per kiln day for journeymen and
bench bosses for placing ware in bisque and glost kilns; rate per
day or per kiln day for apprentice placers, by period of apprentice­
ship; and rates per kiln day for dipping ware.
This table, showing in detail the changes since 1911 in the wage
rates for the above specified work, illustrates the general trend of
rates in the general-ware pottery industry between 1911 and 1924.
In the presentation of figures as to wage rates the 1911 agreement is
taken as the beginning of the period covered for two reasons: First,
because of the brevity of the 1913 agreement, the important clause
of which is “ Except as modified by the changes indicated below,
the Atlantic City agreement of 1911 is reaffirmed in all its conditions
and provisions” ; and second,because it seemed advisable to present
rates for a year immediately preceding the beginning of the World
War in order that comparison might oe made between wage rates
of that year, when conditions were normal, and 1920, the year of
peak rates in the industry, and the years since 1920. The following
figures apply to semivitreous ware.
Jiggering.— The basic rate for jiggering 7-inch plates, as shown in
Table 9, was 4 % cents per dozen from October, 1911, to August,
1916; 5 cents per dozen from August, 1916, to January, 1920; and
5M cents per dozen from January, 1920, to October, 1924.
There was no “ plusage” in wage rates for jiggering 7-inch plates
between October, 1911, and November, 1916. In November, 1916,
the basic rate of 5 cents per dozen was increased 10 per cent, making
the actual rate 5.5 cents per dozen. The increases over and above
the basic rates for jiggering plates and other articles of ware ranged
from 10 per cent in November, 1916, to 69 per cent in September,
1920, the wage peak, when the actual rate for jiggering 7-inch plates
was 8.873 cents per dozen. In August, 1921, the plusage percentage
was reduced from 69 to 52, and in November, 1921, from 52 to 40;
in January, 1923, it was increased from 40 to 46.
The basic price per dozen for jiggering saucers was increased from
3 to
cents in August, 1916, and to 3J^ cents in October, 1917.
There has been no change in the basic rate of 2 cents per dozen for
jiggering cups.
Batters-out and mold runners, whose earnings were, prior to M ay,
1917, paid in full by the jigger men out of their earnings, were from
that date to August, 1918, paid a bonus of 25 cents per day; since
* This is-trade size only; actual measurement is 9 inches,
i This is trade size only; actual measurement is 13 inches.




28

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

then they have been paid by the firm, in addition to the wages paid
to them by the jigger men, a percentage of the basic rates of the
jigger men. The increased rates in other industries made it neces­
sary to increase the rates of these helpers of the jigger men in order
to keep them. In 1911 jigger men were not paid for the time con­
sumed in changing molds, but in 1920 they were paid for this work
a rate of 70 cents per hour and in 1924 67 cents per hour.
Casting.— Between 1911 and 1920 the work of casting jugs,
creamers, cover dishes, and other articles of ware changed ma­
terially. In 1911 these articles were cast without handles, the han­
dles being made and stuck on after the ware had been formed. By
1920 they were cast complete, with handles attached. There was
no change in the basic rate of 45 cents per dozen for casting 24-size
jugs between October, 1911, and October, 1924. The plusage ranged
from 5 per cent in November, 1916, to 63 per cent in September,
192°.

Kiln placing.— The unit per kiln day of placing ware in bisque
kilns was .212 cubic feet of kiln space from October, 1911, to August,
1918, and 200 cubic feet from August, 1918, to October, 1924, and
that of placing in glost kilns, 162 cubic feet from October, 1911, to
October, 1924.
The rates of wages per kiln day of journeymen ranged from $2 as
provided in the 1911, 1913, and 1915 agreements to $3.52 in the
September, 1920, agreement. The August, 1921, agreement reduced
this rate to $3.17 per kiln day. In November, 1921, the rate was
reduced to $2.90, and in January, 1923, it was increased to $3.17.
An optional scale of hourly rates, which was established by the
August, 1921, agreement, continued in effect to and including the
October, 1924, agreement.
Apprentice Tciln placers.— For the entire period, 1911 to 1924, dur­
ing the first three months of apprenticeship, apprentice kiln placers
have been paid a daily rate ranging from $1.25 under the 1911,
1913, and 1915 agreements to $4.50 per day under the October, 1924,
agreement. Up to and including the October, 1915, agreement,
daily rates were paid during the second three months, the second
six months, and the second year’s apprenticeship.
Since the adoption of the 1916 agreement apprentices have been
paid kiln-day rates in the second three months, the second six months,
and the second year’s apprenticeship. During the entire period 1911
to 1924 apprentices in the third year’s apprenticeship have been paid
kiln-day rates, ranging from $1.70, under the 1911, 1913, and 1915
agreements, to $3.52 under the September, 1920, agreement. Since
the August, 1918, agreement, the rates of apprentices in the third
year’s apprenticeship have been the same as those of journeyman
placers.
Dipping.— Dippers’ wages are based on a kiln day of 162 cubic
feet, and during a pay period they are paid for as many kiln days as
were placed during that period, the earnings of each dipper being
that proportion of the total earnings for all dipping that his placed
ware is of the total ware placed in the kilns during the period.
The agreements from October, 1911, to October, 1924, made no
change in the basic rate of 65 cents per kiln day for hooking ware,
and 45 cents for ware thrown on grid. In November, 1916, these
rates were increased 5 per cent. The increases over and above the
basic rates ranged from 5 per cent in November, 1916, to 63 per cent



29

PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911

in September, 1920. In August, 1921, the percentage was reduced to 47
and in November, 1921, to 35; in January, 1923, it was increased to 41.
The August, 1921, to October, 1924, agreements provide for an
optional basic rate of 70 cents per hour for dipping, and the same
percentage increase of the basic hourly rate as for the kiln-day rates.
T able 9 .— WAGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS UNDER AGREEM ENTS BE­

TW EEN THE UNITED STATES P O TTE R S’ ASSOCIATION AND THE N ATIONAL
BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS, 1911 TO 1924—SEMIVITKEOUS WARE
Jiggering

Date when agreement
went into effect

October, 1911............ .
November, 1913______
October, 1915. .............
August, 1916.................
November, 1916______
May, 1917.....................
October, 1917...............
August, 1918____ ____
October, 1919__............
January, 1920________
September, 1920- .........
August, 1921.................
November, 1921______
January, 1923________
October, 1924__ ______

7-inch plain-edge plates
(per dozen)

Ordinary turned teacups
(per dozen)

Base
rate

Plusage

Actual
rate

Base
rate

Plusage

Actual
rate

Cents

Per cent

Cents
4.75
4.75
4.75
5.0
5.5
5.75
6.375
7.0
7.25
8.138
8.873
7.98
7.35
7.665
7.665

Cents

Per cent

1

10
15
27K
40
45
55
(59
52
40
46
46

Cents
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.3
2.55
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.38
3.04
2.8
2.92
2.92

m
4M

5
5
*5
15
26
*5

10
15
27H
40
45
55
69
52
40
46
46

«5W

2
2
2
2
2
<2
1:2
j :2
2:2
3;2
4 •2
<
2
2;2
b ;2
6■
2

3

Plain saucers (per dozen)
Base
rate

Plusage

Actual
rate

Cents Per cent
3
3
3
3%
10
m
15
n x
1314
27^
*3}
40
*3}
45
55
>3H
69
<3*4
52
33H
40
23H
46
*314
46

Cents
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.25
3.575
3.738
4.463
4.9
5.075
5.425
5.915
5.32
4.9
5.11
5.11

1i
Turning

Date when agreement
went into effect

Handling

Dish making

Ordinary thin tea­ 10-inch oval dishes
Ordinary thin tea­ cups—open
handle
per dozen)
cups (per dozen)
(per dozen)

Casting

24-size jugs (per
dozen)

Base Plus- Actual Base Plus­ Actual Base Plus­ Actual Base Plus­ Actual
rate rate age
rate age
rate rate age rate rate age
rate

Cents
October, 1911................ ' 3H
November, 1913..........
3K
3y2
October, 1915
___
August, 1916..................
3H
November, 1916_______
3M
May, 1917........ .............
3M
October, 1917__............
m
August, 1918. ...............
3'A
October, 1919_________
m
January, 1920. ..............
3a
September, 1920______
3H
August, 1921_ ...............
3H
November, 1921J______
3H
January, 1923_________
3x
October, 1924_________

Per
Per
Cents Cents cent Cents Cents cent
3.5
4.0
18
4
4
8
4.0
3.5
4
4.0
8
3.5
3.5
4
4.0
8
4.2
8
10
5 3.675
4
5
4
4.4
8
15
10
10 3.85
22^ 4.288
4 22H 4.9
8
27M
e : 8 40
5.4
35 4.725
4 35
5.6
6 20 45
4
40
40 4.9
6.0
*20
55
50 5.25
4 50
6.52 *20
4
69
63
5.705
63
5.88 7 20 52
5.145
4
47
47
5.4
4 35
35 4.725
«20
40
5.64 #20
4.935
4 41
46
41
4.935
5.64 »20
4 41
46
41

Per
cent

Per
Cents Cents cent
45
18.0
18.0
45
18.0
45
18.0
45
19.8
45
5
20.7
45
10
22.95
45
2214.
25.2
45
35
29.0
45
40
31.0
50
45
33.8
45
63
30.4
47
45
28.0
35
45
29.2
41
45
29.2
41
45

Cents
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
47.25
49.5
55.125
60.75
63.0
67.5
73.35
66.15
60.75
63.45
63.45

i In addition, 25 cents per day paid to each batter-out and mold runner. The 25 cents is not paid for work
of less than 11 full days.
1 In addition, 10 per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner.
•In addition, 1134 per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner.
* In addition, 12V£ per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner.
* In addition, 10% per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner.
6In addition, 15 per cent of base rate is paid to helper.
11n addition, 17% per cent of base rate is paid to helper.
» In addition, 19 per cent of base rate is paid to helper.
•In addition, 16 per cent of base rate is paid to helper.

86315°— 26------ 3




30
T

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

9.—W AGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS U NDER AGREEM EN TS BE­
TW E E N THE U N ITED STATES POTTE R S’ ASSOCIATION AND THE NATIO N AL
BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS. 1911 to 1924—SEMIVITAEOUS WARE—Con.

able

Kiln placing

Date when agreement
went into effect

Cubic
feet per kiln
day

Rate per
kiln day

Optional
scale—Rate
per hour

Apprentices—Rate during—

First Second Next Second Third
3
3 mos. 6 mos. year
year
(per
(per
(per
(per
Bench mos.
Bisque oiost J°uvr; Bench Jour­
(per
ney­
kiln
kiln
kiln
kiln
kiln kll“ men boss men
day) day)
day)
day)
day)

October, 1911............ .
November, 1913------October, 1915............ .
November, 1916------May, 1917................. .
October, 1917_..........
August, 1918.............
October, 1919............
January, 1920.........
September, 1920........
August, 1921.............
November, 1921____
January, 1923............
October, 1924............

162 $2.00 $2.50
162 2.00 2.50
162 2.00 2.50
162 122.20 1*2.75
162 2.35
2.90
162 14 2. 60 i« 3. 25
162 2.90
3.50
162 3.05
3.65
162 3.35
4.00
162 3.52
4.20
162 3.17
3.78 $0.90
162 2.90
.85
3.50
162 3.17
3.78
.90
162 3.17
3.78
.90

212
212
212
212
212
212
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

$1.11
1.05
1.11
1.11

$1.25 w $1.25 io $1.35 io $1.50
1.25 ie 1.25 io 1.35 io 1.50
1.25* io 1. 25 io 1.35 ioi. 50
1. 75
1.50
1.60
1.70
2.05
1.77
1.88
2.00
2.20
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.25
3.50
2.25
2.50
3.70
2.40
2.40
2.65
4.05
2.65
2.65
2.90
4.25
2.80
2.80
3.05
3.80
2.50
2.50
2.75
2.25
2.50
3.50
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.80
2.50
2.50
4.50
2.50
2.75

ii $1.70
ii 1.70
ii 1.70
1.80
2.10
2.25
102.90
i« 3.05
i«3.35
183.52
i«3.17
“ 2.90
io 3.17
ifi 3.17

Ware thrown on grid
Date when agreement
went into effect

Hooking ware
(per kiln day)
Rate per kiln day
Base
rate

October, 1911___
November, 1913.
October, 1915__.
November, 1916.
May, 1917_____
October, 1917.
August, 1918—
October, 1919__.
January, 1920...
September, 1920.
August, 1921—
November, 1921.
January, 1923_—
October, 1924_._

Plusage

Cents Per cent
65
06
65
65
5
65
10
65
22M
65
35
65
40
65
50
65
63
65
47
65
35
65
41
41
65

Actual
rate

Base
rate

Cents
65.0
65.0
65.0
68.25
71.5
79.625
87.75
91.0
97.5
105.95
95.55
87.75
91.65
91.65

Cents Per cent
45
45
45
45
5
45
10
22^
45
35
45
40
45
45
50
45
63
45
47
35
45
41
45
41
45

Plusage

Actual
rate
Cents
45.0
45.0
45.0
47.25
49.5
55.125
60.75
63.0
67.5
73.35
66.15
60.75
63.45
63.45

Optional scale—
Rate per hour

rate

Plusage

Actual
rate

Cents

Per cent

Cents

102.9
94.5
98.7
98.7

10 Per day.
11 Per day—$2 minus 15 per cent.
12$2 plus 10 per cent.
13$2.50 plus 10 per cent,
u $2 plus 30 per cent.
i* $2.50 plus 30 per cent.
i« Paid journeyman’s rate during third year of apprenticeship, but not permitted to leave plant and
seek employment elsewhere as a journeyman.

Rates are quoted below for a few important operations for 1911,
for 1920, the year in which the wage scale was at the peak, and for
years since 1920. Changes in rates between 1911 ana 1920 for all
work other than specified above have been too numerous to permit
of detailed enumeration.
Mold making.— The basic rates (p. 124) per dozen or per single
mold were the same during the entire period 1911 to 1924. The
actual rates have varied from time to time bv a percentage decrease
or increase of the basic rates. For example, the basic rate for making
bakers, 3, 4, 5, and 6 inch molds, is 40 cents per dozen. The rate




31

PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911

actually paid in 1911 was 40 cents minus 10 per cent, or 36 cents
per dozen; in 1920 it was 40 cents plus 45 per cent, or 58 cents per
dozen; and in 1924 it was 40 cents plus 25 per cent, or 50 cents per
dozen.
Decorating.— This line of work includes stampers, gilders, liners,
decalcomania and print transferrers, etc. The agreements prior to
1919 made no reference to any of these workers as they were unor­
ganized. The October, 1919, agreement in referring to them read,
“ Dacorators, add 5 per cent to present wages.” In January, 1920,
the plusage was increased from 5 to 15 per cent. The September,
1920, agreement as to “ decorators” read, “ Add 5 per cent to wages
paid prior to September 15, 1920.” The 1921 agreement did not
refer to “ decorators” as such. It stated that, “ Except as modified
by changes indicated below, the 1919 agreement and its supplements
are hereby rsafflrmed,” and “ The following scale of plusages and
wages shall apply effective on the days as noted in the column head­
ings of August 11, 1921, and November 3, 1921.” The plusage as
of August 11 was 43 per cent for “ decalcomania transferrers and
stampers,” 30 per cent for gold gilders, and 26 per cent for color
gilders, and as of November 3 it was 32 per cent for decalcomania
transferrers and stampers, 20 per cent for gold gilders, and 16 per
cent for color gilders. The 1922 agreement increased the plusage of
decalcomania transferrers and stampers to 37 per cent, of gold gilders
to 25 per cent, and of color gilders to 21 per cent.
VITREOUS WARE

While there were agreements between the union and some vitreous
potteries, there appears to have been no uniform scale until 1918,
when a scale became effective in February of that year in the clay
shops. The casting scale did not come into effect until June, 1919.
The kiln-placing scale became effective in September, 1920.
A scale was reached for dippers in August, 1921. The rate was
made 70 cents per hour with a plusage of 47 per cent, making the
actual price $1,029 per hour. In November, 1921, the plusage was
reduced to 35 per cent, making the actual price 94.5 cents.
T

1 0 .— W AGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS U NDER AGREEM ENTS BE­
TW EEN UNITED STATES POTTERS’ ASSOCIATION AND NATION AL BROTHER­
HOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS, 1918 TO 1924—VITREOUS W ARE

able

Jiggcring

Date when agreement
went into effect

7-inch plates (per dozen)

Base
rate

February,1918...........
August, 1918...............
October, 1919..............
January, 1920...............
September, 1920. .........
August, 1921................
November, 1921...........
January, 1923....... ........
October, 1924...............
In addition,
In addition,
In addition,
In addition,

Plus­
age

Cents Per cent
17
27'A
17
40
17
45
'7
55
=7
69
■7
52
‘7
40
*7
46
<7
46

Actual
rate
Cents
8.925
9.8
10.15
10.85
11.83
10.64
9.8
10.22
10.22

Ordinary turned teacups
(per dozen)

Plain saucers (per dozen)

Base
rate

Base
rate

Plus­
age

Cents Per cent
13
27M
13
40
45
13
53
55
69
53M
52
S3K
40
J3K
46
<3M
46

Actual
rate
Cents
3.825
4.2
4.35
4.65
5.915
5.32
4.9
5.11
5.11

Plus­
age

Cents Per cent
14K
27M
14M
40
14^
45
'4H
55
54 ^
69
52
ny2
40
J4M
46
46

10 per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 10 per cent to mold runner.
11^ per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 11y<i per cent to mold runner.
12j^ per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 12K per cent to mold runner.
10% per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 10^ per cent to mold runner.




Actual
rate
Cents
5.419
5.9.5
6.163
6.588
7.605
6.84
6.3
6.57
6.57

32

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

10.—W AGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS U N D E R A G R E E M E N TS BE­
TW E E N U N ITED STATES PO TTE R S’ ASSOCIATION AND NATIO N AL B R O T H E R ­
HOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS, 1918 TO 1924—VITREOUS WARE—Continued

T able

Date when agreement
went into effect

Turning

Handling

Dish making

Casting

O r d in a r y ovide
te a cu p s (p e r
dozen)

Ordinary b lo c k
handle teacups
(per dozen)

q4I1rlicV
taQ
lvrlilvU a
Utvt<
uioligo
/rkOI*

24-size Jugs

Base Plus- Actual Base Plus- Actual Base Plus- Actual Base Plus- Actual
rate age
rate rate age
rate rate age
rate rate age
rate
Per
Cents cent
February, 1918____ ___
May, 1918.......... ...........
August, 1918........... ......
September, 1918______
June, 1919___________
October, 1919.................
January, 1920................
September, 1920............
August, 1921..................
November, 1921............
January, 1923................
October, 1924.................

Per
Cents Cents cent

4
4
4

22y2 4.90
35
5.40
35
5.40

4H
4H
4M

4
4
4X
4M
4M
4M
4M

40
50
63
47
35
41
41

4M
4M
4K

5.60
6.00
6.928
6.248
5.738
5.993
5.993

m
m

Per
Per
Cents Cents cent Cents Cents cent
27M 29.325
23
22V2 5.513
40 32.30
35 6.075 *23
6.075 *23
50 34:50
35
55
35
40 6.30
55
•23
55 35.65
40
723
65 37.95
50 6.75
55
50
81 41.63
55
63 7.335 •23
63
47
6.983 *23
63 37.49
55
47
35
6.413 *23
50 34.50
55
35
41
6.698 «23
56 35.88
55
41
41
6.698 *23
56 35.88
55
41

Cents

74.25
77.00
82.50
89.65
80.85
74.25
77.55
77.55

Kiln placing

Date when agreement
went into effect

Cubic feet per kiln day

Glost

Bisque
September, 1920._____
August, 1921_________
November, 1921..........
January, 1923...... .........
October, 1924...............
•In addition,
•In addition,
7In addition,
1In addition,
•In addition,

130
130
130
130
130

112
112
112
112
112

Rate per kiln day

Journey­
man

Bench boss

* $3. 52
93.17
•2.90
•3.17
*3.17

•$4.20
*3.78
•3.50
•3.78
•3.78

Optional scale—Rate per
hour
Journey­
man

$0.90
.85
.90
.90

Bench boss

$1.11
1.05
1.11
1.11

15 per cent of base rate is paid to helper.
17)4 per eeat of base rate is paid to helper.
19 per cent of base rate is paid to helper.
16 per cent of base rate is paid to helper.
25 cents per kiln day for bisque kiln placing in flint.

GENERAL TABLES
In the preceding text tables data are presented for each of the
specified occupations in the manufacture of semivitreous and vitreous
ware for the United States as a whole. In the following seven general
tables data are shown for each of the specified occupations in the
manufacture of semivitreous w^are for the wage earners of five separate
roups of potteries in different localities in the United States. No
ata are shown by geographical groups for vitreous potteries because
of the very small number of such potteries and of the wage earners in
the industry.
Data are presented by geographical groups in order that the figures
for the wage earners in one or more localities may be compared with
the figures for wage earners in other localities.
Group 1 includes 2,194 male and 1,083 female employees of 5 East
Liverpool (Ohio) and 6 near-by West Virginia potteries. These 11
potteries are operated by four arge companies in East Liverpool, Ohio.

f




GENERAL TABLES

33

Group 2 includes 1,037 male and 531 female employees of 11
potteries of smaller companies in East Liverpool, Ohio.
Group' 3 includes 2,794 male and 1,729 female employees of 18
potteries, of which 15 are in Ohio outside East Liverpool, 2 are in
Pennsylvania, and 1 is in W est Virginia.
Group 4 includes 228 male and 193 female employees of 3 Trenton,
N. J., potteries.
Group 5 includes 413 male and 193 female employees of 3 potteries,
1 each m Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia.
T a b l e A .— Average earnings and average number of hours and of
days worked by employees in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex,
and geographical group— Semivitreous ware.
In comparing averages for one occupation with the averages for
another an explanation is sometimes necessary in order to remove
doubt in the mmd of the reader as to the accuracy of the figures. For
example, it is very unusual to show a higher average earning per hour
for the “ helpers” of an occupation than for the major occupation,
as is shown for the four hand sagger makers’ helpers of Group 2, whose
average is 89.3 cents. The average for the 18 hand sagger makers of
Group 2 is 85.8 cents, or 3.5 cents per hour less than that for helpers.
The explanation is that in four potteries employing four hand sagger
makers, there were also four helpers. The earnings of the four
sagger makers who had these helpers ranged from $1.04 to $1.46
per hour, and those of the four helpers ranged from 77 cents to $1.09
per hour. Fourteen of the 18 hand sagger makers in Group 2 had
no helpers. Their earnings ranged from 52 to 89 cents per hour, and
collectively they earned an average of 76 cents per hour, or 1 cent
per hour less than any of the helpers in Group 2.
Beading the averages for slip makers, male, by way of explaining
Table A, it is seen that the average days worked in two weeks ranged
from 7.8 for Group 2 to 12 for Group 5; that the hours worked in
two weeks ranged from 66.7 for Group 2 to 121.8 for Group 5; that
the hours worked per day ranged from 8 for Group 4 to 10.2 for Group
5; that the earnings in two weeks ranged from $45.52 for Group 2
to $75.97 for Group 5; that the earnings per day ranged from $5.85
for Group 2 to $7.60 for Group 1; and that the average earnings per
hour ranged from 62.4 cents for Group 5 to 82.8 cents for Group 4.
T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour, 1925, by
occupation, sex, and geographical group— Semivitreous ware.
T a b l e C.— Average and specified number of days on which em­
ployees worked in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographi­
cal group— Semivitreous ware.
T a b l e D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in two
weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— Semi­
vitreous ware.
T a b l e E .— Average and classified earnings in two weeks, 1925, by
occupation, sex, and geographical group— Semivitreous ware.
T a b l e F.— Specified days worked and classified earnings in two
weeks in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical
group— Semivitreous ware.
T a b l e G.— Classified hours worked and classified earnings in two
weeks in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical
group— Semivitreous ware.




34

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I ­
V IT R E O U S W A R E

T a b le

[Geographical groups are defined on page 32]

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Number of— Average Average hours Average earnings—
worked—
number
of days
Estab­ Em­ worked
Per
lish­ ploy­ in two In two Per In two Per
weeks weeks day weeks day
hour
ments ees

Slip makers, male:
Group 1__________ __________________
Group 2___ ____ ______ _____________
Group 3_________ ____ ____ ________
Group 4__________ _______________ __
Group 5____________________________
Total................ ............ ............... .
Laborers, slip house, male:
Group 1.......................................... .......
Group 2. . . .................... : _______ ______
Group 3 ...______ _______________ _ .
Group 4__________________________ .
Group 5.. ____________ ____________ .
Total_________________________
Mold makers, male:
Group 1_______ _______ ___________ _
Group 2.......... ......... ........................... ...
Group 3______________________ ______
Group 4................... ...............................
Group 5_______ _______ _______ ______
Total..................... .........................
Clay carriers, male:
Group 1______________ _ __ ___ _
Group 2__________________________ .
Group 3.............................. ...................'
Group 4................ .........................
Group 5.................... .......................... .
Total..............................................
Batters-out, male:
Group 1........ .................................... _
Group 2..................... ............................
Group 3............... .............. .....................
Group 4 ...______ ____________ ______
Group 5 .................... ............... ............

11
11
18
3
3

15
14
19
3
3

9.1
7.8
10.2
8.7
12.0

84.0
66.7
92.2
69.7
121.8

9.3
8.6
9.0
8.0
10.2

$68.91
i! 45.52
] 68.57
|57.76
j|75.97

$7.60
5.85
6.72
6.67
6.33

$0,820
.682
.743
.828
.624

46

54

9.3

83.7

9.0

62.50

6.74

.746

11
11
18
3
3

49
25
50
5
7

8.1
8.0
9.9
6.8
12.0

69.3
68.7
85.7
49.4
117.1

8.5
8.5
8.7
7.3
9.8

41.30
40.31
49.50
36.15
46.68

5.08
5.01
5.01
5.32
3.89

.596
.587
.577
. 732
.398

136

8.9

76.9

8.6

44.22

4.96

.575

11
11
18
3
3

31
17
38
4
4

9.9
10.7
10.7
11.0
10.5

83.9
86.2
86.5
90.5
87.9

8.5
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.4

91.68
89.98
92.84
83.02
87.18

9.29
8.40
8.67
7.55
8.30

1.093
1.044
1.074
.918
.992

46

94

10.4

85.8

8.2

91.28

8.75

1.064

10
3
12
3
3

21
6
14
3
4

7.8
9.8
9.1
7.3
10.0

68.3
95.6
79.8
54.1
81.2

8.7
9.7
8.7
7.4
8.1

42.17
55.29
54.40
37.12
31.69

5.40
5.62
5.95
5.06
3.17

.617
.578
.681
.686
.390

31

48

8.6

75.3

8.7

46.19

5.37

.614

U
U
18
3
3

117
56
162
8
14

7.9
7.4
8.4
5.6
10.3

65.7
63.5
65.7
51.7
82.6

8.3
8.5
7.9
9.2
8.0

39.71
36.47
36.03
29.56
35.55

5.01
4.91
4.30
5.26
3.46

.604
.574
.548
.572
.430

46 i

Total........... - .......................................

46

357

8.1

65.7

8.1

37.14

4.59

.565

Cup bailers, male:
Group 1............... ...................................
Group 2............................... _........
Group 3__________ ____________
Group 5.......... ........... ...

11
U
18
2

22
13
32
3

7.4
7.2
8.7
11.7

58.8
53.9
66.6
89.5

8.0
7.5
7.6
7.7

20.00
17.54
23.90
20.52

2.72
2.43
2.74
1.76

.340
.325
.359
.229

Total....................................................

42

70

8.1

62.8

7.7

21.35

2.62

.340

Jigger men:
Group 1........ ..........................................
Group 2............... ...................................
Group 3______ ____________________
Group 4_______ ______ ___ _______ _ _
Group 5............................................

U
U
18
3
3

156
87
211
19
27

8.2
7.8
9.0
7.3
11.3

67.0
65.3
70.1
63.9
93.6

8.2
8.4
7.8
8.8
8.3

63.97
54.58
63.76
57.01
74.32

7.80
7.03
7.08
7.85
6.56

.955
.836
.909
892
.794

Total.............. .................................. . '

46

500

8.6

69.3

8.1

62.54

7.27

.902

U
11
14
3
3

137
64
102
10
31

7.8
7.6
8.2
5.6
11.3

64.0
63.3
61.0
48.2
88.2

8.2
8.3
7.4
8.6
7.8

35.22
33.55
25.30
19.45
23.63

4.50
4.41
3.07
3.47
2.09

.551
.530
.415
.404
.268

42

344

8.2

64.7

7.9

30.47

3.73

.471

Mold runners, male:
Group 1........................................ .........
Group 2..................................................
Group 3...................................................
Group 4........ ..........................................
Group 5...................................................
Total.................................................... 1
1=




35

GENERAL TABLES

A .—AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued

T a b le

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

hours Average earnings—
Number of— Average Average
worked—
number
of days
Estab­• Em­ worked
two In two Per In two Per
Per
lish­ ploy­ in
weeks weeks day weeks day hour
ments ees

Finishers, male:
Group 1________________ ___________
Group 2____________________________
Group 3____________________________
Group 5____________________________

5
7
14
2

12
7
41
6

6.3
8.0
9.2
10.7

59.0
63.1
65.2
85.7

9.3 $34.56
7.9 31.36
7.1 35.68
8.0 43.77

$5.46
3.92
3.88
4.10

$0,586
.497
.547
.511

Total_________________ ___________

28

66

8.7

65.7

7.6

35.75

4.12

.544

Finishers, female:
Group 1______ __ ___________________
Group 2_____________________ ____ __
Group 3____________________________
Group 4____________________________
Group 5____________________________

11
11
16
3
3

108
52
113
10
8

8.0
7.6
8.3
5.8
10.9

61.9
60.8
56.2
48.8
79.3

7.8
8.0
6.8
8.4
7.3

34.39
4.32
29.46
3.87
29.28 v 3.54
20.80
3.59
39.35
3.62

.556
.485
.521
.427
.496

59.5 | 7.4 |31.19

3.89

.524

9.1
9.2
8.4
8.7
8.7

60.05
62.67
64.86
72.41
89. 65

7.02
6.96
7. 33
6.03
8.46

.770
.758
.874
.692
.974

78.3

8.8

63. 66

7.18

.813

7.4
11.0
9.1
12.0
11.7

63.4
94.2
76.5
115.8
102.4

8.6
8.6
8.4
9.7
8.8

39.03
50.24
40.45
37.00
50.00

5.29
4.57
4.45
3.08
4.29

.616
.533
.529
.320
.488

Total..................................... 1.............

44

291

8.0

Dish makers, male:
Group 1______ _____________________
Group 2...................................................
Group 3___________ _____ ______ _____
Group 4____________________________
Group 5____________________________

10
10
17
2
3

51
19
47
2
5

8.5
9.0
8.9
12.0
10.6

78.0
82.7
74.2
104.6
92.1

Total_________________ - ......... - ........

42

124

8.9

Dish makers' helpers, male:
Group 1............................ .......... ...........
Group 2.................. ................................
Group 3 __________________________ _
Group 4 ___________________________
Group 5____________________________

5
3
12
1
2

8
3
24
1
3

Total_____________________________

23

39

9. 2

78.2

8.5

41. 56

4.54

.532

Turners, male:
Group 1.......... ................... ................. .
Group 2........................................ .........
Group 3_______ ____ ____ '___________
Group 4____________________________
Group 5...................................................

11
11
18
3
3

69
29
51
7
6

8.0
7.7
9.1
8.9
11.0

65.3
58.9
72.5
66.8
78.9

8.2
7.6
8.0
7.5
7.2

60.63
54.34
71.14
40.24
92.21

7.58
7.04
7.85
4.54
8.38

.928
,922
.982
.602
1.169

Total......... ................ - ........................

46

162

8.4

67.0

7.9

63.10

7.48

.942

Turners’ spongers, male:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2_________ ____ ____________ _
Group 3...................................................
Group 5....... ............................................

11
9
9
2

24
9
12
2

7.8
8.4
9.4
11.5

65.9
63.0
75.8
101.1

8.5
7.5
8.0
8.8

24.15
23.10
26.43
23.88

3.10
2.74
2.81
2.08

.367
.367
.349
.236

Total....................................................

31

47

8.5

69.4

8.2

24.52

2.89

.354

Turners’ spongers, female:
Group 2...................................................
Group 3________ _______ ______ ______

2
3

2.
3

7.5
8.0

53.9
66.4

7.2
8.3

17.30
20.87

2.31
2.61

.321
.314

Total....................................................

5

5

7.8

61.4

7.9

19.44

2.49

.317

Handlers, male:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2...................................................
Group 3...................................................
Group 4............. ....................................
Group 5............................ .................

11
11
18
3
3

47
24
51
6
7

8.2
7.5
9.2
9.0
11.4

69.7
59.9
75.9
72.2
87.5

8.5
8.0
8.2
8.0
7.7

66.51
62.35
73.82
43.92
77.61

8.10
8.31
7.99
4.88
6.79

.954
1.041
.972
.609
.887

46

135 |

8.7

71.3

8.2

68.10

7.85

.955

11
11
15
3
40

41
17
37
7
102 |

8.2
8.1
10.0
10.9

67.9
65.5
82.7
90.3
74.4

8.3
8.1
8.2
8.3

35.79
33.08
45. 21
43.41
39.27

4.38
4.07
4.51
4.00
4.35

.527
.505
.547
.481

Total....................................................
Handle casters and finishers, male:
Group 1_____ __________ __________ _
Group 2...................................................
Group 3____________________________
Group 5______________________________

Total__ ...______ ___ __ ____




9.0

8.2

.528

36

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued

T a b le

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Handle casters and finishers, female:
Group 1..................................................
Group 2.................. .........
...........
Group 3..... .............. ..............................

hours
Number of— Average Average
worked— ’ Average earnings—
number
of days
Estab­• Em­ worked
Per
lish­ ploy­ in two In two Per In two► Per
weeks weeks day weeks day
hour
ments ees

2
2
3

3
2
5

9.0
5.0
8.2

82.7
48.1
69.0

9.2 $34.05
9.6 21.62
8.4 21.57

$3.78
4.32
2.63

$0,412
.449
.313

7

10

7.8

68.9

8.8

25.32

3. 9H 1

Stickers-up, male:
Group 1...................................................

5

5

7.8

71.2

9.1

42.23

5.41

. 593

Casters, male:
Group 1............................... ............ ......
Group 2............... ............
Group 3....................................... ..........
Group 4____ ___ _________ _ _ .
Group 5............... ............................

11
11
18
3
3

84
41
107
9
9

8.1
9.0
9.3
9.4
11.9

75.9
83.3
79.4
84.1
108.3

9.4
9.3
8.5
8.9
9.1

67.43
65.43
78.70
52.02
92.96

8.35
7.27
8.44
5.51
7.82

.889
.785
.991
.618
.858

Total......... ...... ................... ..............

46

250

8.9

80.1

9.0

72.29

8.08 | .903

Pressers, male:
Group 1........ ...... .............. ....................
Group 2_________ __________________
Group 3_____ ____ ______ _____ ______
Group 4________ _______
Group 5_______ __________ _______

2
3
1
2
1

2
3
1
5
1

9.5
8.7
8.0
9.0
12.0

92.3
81.7
71.3
72.1
111.6

9.7
9.4
8.9
8.0
9.3

60.75
38.10
59.43
54. 56
63.43

6.39
4.40
7.43
6.06
5.29

.658
.466
.834
.757
. 568

12

9.2

81.1

8.8

52.62

5.74

.649

Total.................................................

Total...................... ............................

9 1
!

3ft7

Laborers, sagger shop, male:
Group 1................................. ...... ...........
Group 2____________________ ________
Group 3________ _______
_.
Group 4__________ ______________
Group 5_____ ______________________

7
1
12
3
2

26
5
34
6
6

9.8
6.0
9.8
9.8
7.5

81.4
54.0
87.1
89. 5
61.9

8.3
9.0
8.9
9.1
8.3

48.35
24.30
49.91
37.04
22.22

4.91
4.05
5.11
3. 77
2.96

.594
.450
.573
.414
.359

Total....................................................

25

77

9.4

81.3

8.7

44.56

4.75

.548

11
10
18
3
2

33
18
40
4
3

8.6
7.9
8.7
6.8
11.3

67.2
67.6
74.0
59.4
110.3

7.8 68.06
8. 6 57.96
8.5 73.24
8.8 53.13
9.7 86.56

7.88
7.35
8.44
7.87
7.64

1.013
. 858
.990
.895
.785

44

98

8.5

71.0

8.3

68.27

8.01

.961

7
4
13

17
4
20

7.9
9.0
8.7

61.0
70.5
72.9

7.7
7.8
8.4

49.35
62.99
55.45

6.21
7.00
6.41

.809
.893
.761

8.1

53.65

6.39

.793

8.7 48.21
8.5 24. 51
8.3 48.20
10.4 128.67

5.27
5.25
5.06
10.72

.606
.616
.611
1.033

Sagger makers, hand, male:
Group 1_____ ____________________ _
Group 2_____ __________ '___________
Group 3 ..._____________________ ____
Group 4............. ............... ......... ........
Group 5..... .............................................
Total.................................................
Sagger maker’s helpers, hand, male:
Group 1........ ......................... ...... .........
Group 2....................... .......... ................
Group 3...........................................___
Total..............................................

24

41

8.4

67.7

Sagger makers, machine,1male:
Group 1.................................................
Group 2...................................... ............
Group 3........................................... .
Group 5....................................... . .

6
3
7
1

14
6
15
1

9.1
4.7
9.5
12.0

79.5
39.8
78.8
124.5

Total....................................................

17

36

8.6

73.9

8.5

46.49

5.38

.629

Kiln placers, bisque, male:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2...................................................
Group 3...................................................
Group 4...................................................
Group 5.......... ......... .............................

11
11
18
3
3

69
34
76
10
8

9.0
8.5
9.4
7.0
11.3

57.5
54.4
64.2
49.4
71.3

6.4
6.4
6.9
7.1
6.3

60.78
58.32
66.62
47.29
82.81

6.79
6.89
7.11
6.76
7.36

1.057
1.073
1.037
.958
1.162

46

197

9.0

59.7

6.6

62.82

6.96

1.052
—a

Total.................................................... |

1Includes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries-




37

GENERAL TABLES

A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued

T a b le

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

hours
Number of— Average Average
worked— ’ Average earnings—
number
of days
Estab­■ Em­ worked
two In two Per In two Per
Per
lish­ ploy­ in
weeks weeks day weeks day
hour
ments ees

Kiln placers, boss, bisque, mala:
Group 1____________________________
Group 2 . , _ _ ................................................................................................
Group 3____________________________
Group 4____________________________
Group 5. ___ ____ ________________

11
11
18
3
3

18
12
21
3
3

9.6
9.3
9.5
8.3
11.7

61.3
58.3
64.8
59.0
78.5

6.4 $79.18
6.3 73.77
6.8 81.30
7.1 65.26
6.7 112.45

$8.29
7.98
8.58
7.83
9.64

$1,292
1.265
1.255
1.106
1.433

T o ta l...................... ...........................

46

57

9.5

62.7

6.6

79.84

8.40

1.273

Firemen, bisque and glost:
Group 1_ _ __________________________
Group 2___________________________ _
Group 3____________________________
Group 4____________________________
Group 5____________________ ______

11
9
18
1
3

28
16
51
2
5

12.6
10.6
11.0
10.5
13.2

148.0
107..0
123.6
108.0
157.5

11.7
10.1
11.2
10.3
11.9

70.79
68.50
66.32
64.08
79.93

5.61
6.45
6.01
6.10
6.06

.478
.640
.536
.593
.507

T o ta l-.................................................

42

102

11.5

129.1

11.2

68.51

5.96

.531

Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2_____________ ____ __________
Group 3__________ __________________
Group 4____________________________
Group 5 ._ __________________________

11
11
18
3
3

108
80
152
35
31

8.3
6.4
8.3
6.7
9.9

49.8
31.0
47.7
47.9
76.3

6.0
4.9
5.8
7.1
7.7

38.44
22.62
36.31
32.47
36.90

4.65
3.54
4.38
4.84
3.74

.771
.730
.761
.678
.484

Total....................................................

46

406

7.9

47.2

6.0

33.89

4.29

.718

Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, maler
Group 1____________________________
Group 2.. __________________________
Group 3____________________________
Group 4____________________________
Group 5............................................... .

11
11
18
2
3

14
11
19
2
3

9.4
7.2
9.8
6.0
10.3

58.0
35.0
60.2
37.5
81.8

6.2
4.9
6.1
6.3
7.9

51.42
30.35
50.43
31.88
41.75

5.45
4.23
5.15
5.31
4.04

.887
.867
.838
.850
.511

Total....................................................

45

49

9.0

54.3

6.0

44.92

5.00

.827

Laborers, kiln shed, male:
Group 1.......... .......... ............... ............
Group 2____________________________
Group 3____________________________
Group 5____________________________

11
10
17
1

70
44
78
3

9.6
9.9
10.3
13.0

83.6
85.9
100.8
149.3

8.7
8.7
9.8
11.5

43.54
41.88
51.48
49.50

4.54
4.25
5.01
3.81

.521
.487
.511
.331

Total____________________________

39

195

10.0

92.0

9.2

46.43

4.66

.505

Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female:
Group 1........ .......... ........................ ......
Group 2............................................ ......
Group 3.......... ............................. ...........
Group 4...................................................
Group 5...................................................

11
11
18
3
2

58
44
89
11
8

8.7
5.9
8.3
7.5
11.6

55.4
30.7
48.1
52.9
84.0

6.3
5.2
5.8
7.1
7.2

27.58
13.69
22.40
18.63
29.33

3.16
2.31
2.71
2.50
2.52

.498
.447
.465
.352
.349

T ota l--................................................

45

210

8.0

48.1

6.0

22.07

2.76

.459

Brushers, female:
Group J____________________________
G*oup 2...................................................
Group 3.......... „.......................................
Group 4...................................................
Group 5...................................................

11
10
18
3
3

170
74
199
19
25

8.9
7.6
8.8
9.2
8.4

69.1
59.0
65.3
77.3
69.5

7.8
7.7
7.5
8.4
8.3

22.58
18.90
21.02
22.58
19.10

2.55
2.48
2.40
2.45
2.27

.327
.320
.322
.292
.275

Total-............... ..................................

45

487

8.6

66.3

7.7

21.21

2.46

.320

Stampers, bisque, female:
Group 1________ ____________________
Group 2____________________________
Group 3____________________________
Group 4_____ ______ __ ____ ____ ____
Group 5____________ ____ ______ _____

7
5
12
3
2

14
10
23
3
2

9.1
7.4
10.0
9.0
11.5

67.4
63.3
74.3
82.2
91.5

7.4
8.5
7.5
9.1
8.0

23.17
19.61
25.13
25.05
25.42

2.55
2.65
2.52
2.78
2.21

.344
.310
.338
.305
.278

Total______ ____ __________________

29

52

9.2

71.5

7.7

23.55

2.55

.330




as

1H E POTTERY INDUSTRY

A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925. BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I ­
V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued

T a b le

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Glaze mixers, male:
Group 1..... ........
Group 2.............
Group 3..............
Group 5.............

Number of— Average Average hours Average earnings—
worked—
number
of days
Estab­ Em­ worked
Per
lish­ ploy­ in two In two Per In two Per
weeks weeks day weeks day
hour
ments ees

9
8
15
2

10
8
15
2

10.1
10.4
10.1
11.5

91.2
91.2
91.8
103.8

34

35

10.3

92.2

9.0

5
1
1
1

7
1
1
1

10.0
12.0
5.0
12.0

89.4
90.0
41.0
104.0

T otal..

8

10

9.9

Ware boys:
Group 1..
Group 2_.
Group 3_.
Group 4..

11
10
15
1

19
13
20
1

T otal..

37

Total _
Glaze mixers’ helpers, male:
Group 1_______________
Group 3............. ..............
Group 4___...................... .
Group 5............................

Dippers, male:
Group 1___
Group 2___
Group 3___
Group 4___
Group 5___

Total.
Dippers’ helpers, male:
Group 3...................
Group 4...................
Group 5...................
Total .
Dippers’ helpers, female:
Group 1.....................
Group 2......................
Group 3......................
Group 5......................
Total .
Kiln placers, glost, male:
Group 1.....................
Group 2.....................
Group 3.....................
Group 4.....................
Group 5.....................
Total .
Kiln placers, boss, glost, male:
Group 1..............................
Group 2. ............................
Group 3..............................
Group 4............... - .............
Group 5.............................. .

9.0 $56.64
8.8 47.07
9.1 44.89
9.0 38.54

$5.61
4.54
4.43
3.35

$0,621
.516
.489
.371

48. 38

4.72

.525

8.9
7.5
8.2
8.7

46. 26
49.50
20.50
36.40

4.63
4.13
4.10
3.03

.517
.550
.500
.350

86.1

8.7

43.02

4.35

.500

9.6
7.8
9.3
11.0

69.3
50.7
71.9
76.5

7.2
6.5
7.8
7.0

37.68
24.39
35.05
38.00

3.93
3.14
3.79
3.45

.543
.481
.487
.497

53

9.0

65.9

7.3

33.43

3.70

.508

11
11
18
3
3

45
20
52
4
5

9.0
8.1
9.4
9.8
11.6

58.5
48.4
65.7
64.1
79.1

6.5 76.56
6.0 67.50
7.0 73.48
6.6 65.10
6.8 115.27

8.49
8.38
7.81
6.68
9.94

1.310
1.394
1.119
1.016
1.458

46

126

9.2

60.8

6.6

75.02

8.20

1.233

6
3
3

9
7
8

9.2
9.3
11.8

67.0
65.6
89.3

7.3
7.1
7.6

27.70
23.20
30.33

3.00
2.50
2.58

.413
.354
.340

12

24

10.1

74.0

7.3

27.26

2.70

.368

11
11
18
2

98
43
109
11

8.2
7.2
8.5
9.5

52.7
43.7
59.8
66.3

6.4
6.1
7.0
7.0

21.25
18.24
21.70
23.21

2.58
2.55
2.55
2.46

.403
.417
.363
.350

42

261

8.2

54.8

6.7

21.03

2.56

.384

11
10
18
3
3

158
64
173
14
23

9.3
8.1
9.3
6.7
10.8

60.6
56.0
65.2
48.2
76.9

6.5
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.1

7.00
65.16
6.72
54.73
65.99 - 7.10
54.31
8.09
88.71
8.19

1.076
.978
1.012
1.127
1.154

45

432

9.1

62.2

6.8

64.85

7.10

1.042

11
10
18
3
3

22
12
26
4
4

10.0
8.8
9.8
7.0
11.5

64.6
61.5
68.9
50.0
82.6

6.5 83.82
7.0 71.85
7.0 83.17
7.1 65.93
7.2 113.70

8.42
8.13
8.45
9.42
9.89

1.298
1.168
1.207
1.319
1.377

Total. .

45

68

9.6

65.9

6.8

82.16

8.53

1.247

Pin boys:
Group 1..
Group 2..
Group 3„
Group 5_.

7
3
13
2

12
3
19
2

9.9
10.7
9.3
11.0

63.6
69.0
67.7
83.2

6.4
6.5
7.3
7.6

43.69
33.62
38.75
30.50

4.41
3.15
4.18
2.77

.687
.488
.573
.367

Total-.

25

36

9.7

S7.3

6.9

39.51

4.08

.587




39

GENERAL TABLES

A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — 8 E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued

T a b le

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

hours Average earnings—
Number of— Average Average
worked—
number
of days
Estab­• Em­ worked
Per
lish­ ploy­ in two In twoi Per In two Per
weeks weeks day weeks day hour
ments ees

Dressers, female:
Group 1........
Group 2........
Group 3........
Group 4_____
Group 5........

11
11
18
3
3

97
43
161
10
24

8.5
8.2
8.6
8.8
10.5

69.8
67.1
65.0
76.3
79.3

8.2 $28.28
8.2 21.58
7.6 21.87
8.7 23. 26
7.5 20.98

Total.

46

335

8.7

68.0

7.8

23. 67

2.73 | .348

Dressers, forelady:
Group 1............
Group 2............
Group 3............
Group 4............
Group 5............

10
11
15
1
3

13
12
18
1
3

9.8
9.4
9.5
8.0
11.7

83.3
76.5
78.5
67.8
101.9

8.5
8.1
8.3
8.5
8.7

55.74
33.80
32.20
24.26
38. 55

5.71
3.59
3.39
3.03
3.30

.669
.442
.410
.358
.378

$3.31
2.63
2.54
2.64
2.00

$0.405
.322
.336
.305
. 265

Total.

40

47

9.7

80.6

8.3

39.35

4.07

.488

Warehousemen:
Group 1.......
Group 2.......
Group 3........
Group 4........
Group 5........

11
11
18
1
3

148
52
189
3
15

9.8
10.4
10.3
5.7
12.0

86.8
91.0
89.7
49.7
106.5

8.9
8.8
8.7
8.8
8.9

51.02
54.37
52.53
23.28
55.34

5.21
5.24
5.09
4.11
4.61

.588
.598
.580
.469
.520

Total.

44

407

10.2

89.1

8.8

52.11

5.12

.585

7
4
10
1
2

10
5
20
1
2

9.9
9.4
10.5
8.0
12.0

81.9
84.6
88.7
72.0
111.8

8.3
9.0
8.4
9.0
9.3

25.14
28.05
30.34
39.16
21.47

2.54
2.98
2.89
4.90
1.79

.307
.332
.342
.544
.192

24

38

10.2

87.1

8.5

28.44

2.79

.326

11
4
10
1

78
12
39
1

9.7
11.2
9.2
13.0

82.5
99.8
77.3
112.5

8.5
8.9
8.4
8.7

21.41
23.49
17.61
26.00

2.20
2.10
1.92
1.92

.259
.236
.228
.222

26

130

9.7

82.8

8.5

20.49

2.11

.248

9
7
13
2

21
12
38
9

8.7
9.2
7.9
10.7

69.9
66.9
63.7
74.9

8.1
7.3
8.0
7.0

35.83
34.14
20.29
24. 76

4.13
3. 72
2.56
2.32

.512
.510
.319
.330

80

8.6

67.1

7.8

26.95

3.13

.402

ii
n
16
1
2

115
37
83
2
12

9.8
10.6
8.8
9.5
11.3

79.7
75.1
72.0
80.2
89.2

8.1
7.1
8.2
8.4
7.9

64.92
55.40
49.59
37. 72
68.87

6.62
5. 22
5.65
3.97
6.08

.814
.738
.688
.471
.772

41

249

9.7

76.9

8.0

58. 37

6.05

.759

11
9
17
2
3

50
29
238
19
20

9.5
11.0
9.3
8.1
10.7

72.9
79.9
68.5
61.0
95.9

7.7
7.3
7.3
7.6
9.0

43.07
53.30
34.53
34.51
39.97

4.52
4.86
3.70
4.29
3.75

.591
.667
.504
.566
.417

42

356

9.5

71.2

7.5

37.56

3.95

.528

Ware carriers, male:
Group 1.......... .
Group 2.............
Group 3.............
Group 4.............
Group 5.............
Total.
Dusters, female:
Group 1____
Group 2.......
Group 3____
Group 5.......
Total.
Stampers, gold, female:
Group i .................
Group 2............. .....
Group 3..................
Group 5..................
Total.
Gilders and liners, male:
Group 1......................
Group 2..... ................
Group 3......................
Group 4......................
Group 5......................
Total.
Gilders and liners, female:
Group 1........... ...........
Group 2.......................
Group 3.......................
Group 4.......................
Group 5.......................

Total.




i 31

40

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I ­
V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued

T a b le

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

hours
Number of— Average Average
Average earnings—
worked—
number
of days
Estab­ Em­ worked
Per
two In two Per In two Per
lish­ ploy­ in
weeks weeks day weeks day hour
ments ees

Cutters, decalcomania, female:
Group 3...................................................
Group 5_______________ ___________

14
1

26
2

9.8
11.5

83.1
95.0

8.5 $29.45
8.3 26.65

$3.00
2.32

$0,354
.281

Total_____________________________

15

28

9.9

84.0

8.5

29.25

2.95

.348

Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2..... ............................................
Group 3.................. ................................
Group 4...................................................
Group 5 .................... .................... ........

11
11
18
3
3

277
168
487
29
61

9.0
9.7
9.2
7.4
10.4

74.8
78.0
76.4
57.4
87.6

8.3
8.0
8.3
7.8
8.5

32.41
33.05
25.77
23.32
24.63

3.58
3.41
2.79
3.16
2.38

.433
.424
.337
.406
.281

Total.................... ...............................

46

1,022

9.3

76.4

8.2

28.63

3.09

.375

Printers, male:
Group 1. . . ...............................................
Group 2...................................................
Group 4..................................................
Group 5..................................................

3
1
2
1

3
1
2
1

10.3
7.0
6.5
12.0

88.9
56.0
40.5
89.0

8.6
8.0
6.2
7.4

56.63
36. 75
40.38
50.00

5.48
5.25
6.21
4.17

.637
.656
.997
.562

Total______________________ ______

7

7

9.0

70.4

7.8

48.20

5.36

.685

Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2.—...............................................
Group 3..................................................
Group 4____________________________
Group 5............. .............. ......................

11
11
18
3
3

43
21
76
3
9

9.7
10.8
9.0
10.0
10.9

76.4
81.0
71.7
92.0
87.2

7.9
7.5
7.9
9.2
8.0

69.34
60.16
53.16
59.86
45.29

7.15
5.57
5.88
5.99
4.16

.908
.742
.741
. 651
.520

7.9

58.37

6.08

.772

8.8 82* 64
9.6 113. 95
10.3 85.84
11.9 92.42

8.73
9.66
8.79
7.92

.988
1.005
.853
.665

Total....................................................

46

152

9.6

75.6

Firemen, decorating:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2
Group 3___..............................................
Group 5....................................... ..........

7
4
17
2

13
5
21
3

9.5
11.8
9.8
11.7

83.7
113. 4
100.6
138.9

Total....................................................

30

42

10.0

99.6

9.9

88.66

8.82

.890

Burnishers, female:
Group 1...................................................
Group 3.............................................. .
Group 4 ..................................................
Group 5..................................................

1
1
1
1

1
2
2
1

10.0
9.0
8.5
12.0

90.0
19.4
68.0
96.5

9.0
2.2
8.0
8.0

23.50
9.09
17.00
16.08

2.35
1.01
2.00
1.34

.261
.470
.250
.167

Total....................................................

4

6

9.5

60.2

6.3

15.29

1.61

.254

9
4
15
1

40
7
44
1

8.9
8.0
9.5
13.0

76.8
67.3
77.2
117.0

8.7
8.4
8.2
9.0

22.24
20.03
21.06
29.25

2. 51
2. 50
2.22
2.25

.290
.298
.273
.250

Wrappers,
Group
Group
Group
Group

female:
1...................................................
2 . . . .........................................................................

3...................................................
5...........................................

Total..................................................

29

92

9.1

76.7

8.4

21. 59

2.36

.281

Straw boys:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2.........................................
Group 3...................................................
Group 5..................................................

4
2
6
2

4
2
8
8

10.0
9.0
8.0
9.6

76.5
68.3
59. 5
72.9

7.7
7.6
7.4
7.6

31.*49
28.83
18.41
19.61

3.15
3.20
2.30
2.04

.412
.422
.309
.269

Total............................................

14

22

9.0

68.3

7.5

22.17

2.45

.325

Packers, male:
Group 1. . . ......................................
Group 2...................................................
Group 3.........................................
Group 4...................................................
Group 5..............................................

11
11
18
3
3

46
23
57
5
4

9.3
84
10.4
10.0
11.5

67.1
61.1
75.2
75.4
87.7

7.2
7.3
7.2
7.5
7.6

56.64
50.94
65.32
65.89
65.85

6.06
6.07
6.29
6.59
5.73

.844
.833
.869
.874
.751

Total...................................................

46

135

9.7

70.4

7.2

59.95

6.17

.851




41

6ENEBAL TABLES

A .—AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS
AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY
OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I ­
V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued

T a b le

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

hours
Number of— Average Average
Average earnings—
worked—
number
of days
Estab­ Em­ worked
in two In two Per In two Per
Per
lish­ ploy­ weeks
weeks day weeks day
hour
ments ees

Packers, head, male:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2...................................................
Group 3_______ ___ ____ _______ ___
Group 5...................................................

3
6
17
2

3
6
17
2

10.7
9.7
10.6
11.0

89.2
75.1
85.7
80.9

8.4 $96.32
7.8 64.67
8.0 83.15
7.4 78.12

$9.03
6.69
7.81
7.10

$1,080
.861
.970
.966

28

28

10.5

83.5

8.0

80.25

7.67

.962

11
11
18
3
3

248
101
503
37
110

10.1
10.5
10.0
9.6
10.4

90.9
82.2
88.5
86.0
91.8

9.0
7.8
8.8
9.0
8.8

48.09
49.04
45.90
37.67
33.12

4.76
4.68
4.58
3.94
3.18

.529
.597
.519
.438
.361

4.45

.508

Total........... ........... ............................

46

999

10.1

88.7

00
00

Total...................... ...... ......................
Other employees, male:
Group 1......................................... .........
Group 2
__ _
_______
Group 3...................................................
Group 4_________ ____ ______________
Group 5____________________________

45.05

Other employees, female:
Group 1...................................................
Group 2...................................................
Group 3...................................................
Group 4...................................................
Group 5...................................................

10
9
18
2
3

55
21
135
17
17

9.2
9.4
8.1
10.1
10.4

78.0
75.7
66.3
83.4
89.3

8.5
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.6

30.04
28.42
20.09
27.71
23.90

3.26
3.01
2.47
2.74
2.31

.385
.375
.303
.332
.268

Total....................................................

42

245

8.8

72.5

8.3

23.83

2.72

.329

Total, males:
Group 1____________ ____ ___________
Group 2______ ___ _____ ____________
Group 3_______ ______ _______ _______
Group 4_______ ____________________
Group 5..................................... ............

11
11
18
3
3

2,194
1,037
2,794
228
413

9.0
8.6
9.4
8.0
10.9

72.8
67.3
76.6
65.1
90.5

8.1
7.8
8.1
8.1
8.3

54.02
48.56
53.62
43.36
50.89

6.02
5.64
5.68
5.40
4.68

.742
.721
.700
.666
.562

Total....................................................

46

6,666

9.2

74.4

8.1

52.44 | 5.70

.705
«•

Total, females:
Group 1____________________________
Group 2____ _____ _______ ______ _____
Group 3.................. ......................... ......
Group 4....................... ...........................
Group 5______________________________

11
11
18
3
3

1,083
531
1,729
121
193

8.8
8.6
8.9
8.2
10.3

69.8
65.7
68.1
66.1
83.6

7.9
7.7
7.7
8.0
8.1

28.85
27.21
25.07
24.89
25.94

3. 26
3.18
2.82
3.03
2.53

.413
.414
.368
.377
.310

Total....................................................

46

3,657

8.9

69.0

7.8

26.54

2.99

.385

Grand total, males and femafes:
Group 1____________________________
Group 2_______________________________
Group 3____________________________
Group 4..................................................
Group 5___________________ _____ _____

11
11
18
3
3

3,277
1,568
4,523
349
606

8.9
8.6
9.2
8.1
10.7

71.8
66.8
73.3
65.5
88.3

8.0
7.8
8.0
8.1
8.3

45.70
41.33
42.71
36.95
42.95

5.12
4.81
4.63
4. 57
4.02

.636
.619
.582
.565
.486

46 10,323

9.1

72.5

8.0

43.27

4.76

.596

Total.........................................................




T a b le

B .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL
GROUP—S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E
[Geographical groups are defined on page 32]
Number of employees whose classified average earnings per hour were—

Number of—

Occupation, sex, and geographical
group

7

20
12
25

15
7
3
2

4
2
3
2

3
1

46

49 $0,596
. 587
25
. 577
50
5
.732
7
.398 ------- 1.........
.575
136

11
11
18
3
3

117
56
162
g
14

.604
.574
.548
.572
.430

1

1
1
2

8

1

1

8

2
6
25
1
3

Total...............................................

46

357

.565

2

5

17

37

Jigger men:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5..............................................

11
11
18
3
3

156
87
211
19
27

.955
.836
.909
.892
.794

1

1

Total...............................................

46

500

.902

1

1

1

3

26

34

61

106

11
11
14
3
3

137
64
102
10
31

. 551
.530
.415
.404
.268

2

31
10
7

16

13
7
22
3
3

71
33
18

4

4
6
16
2
3

4

12

8
i
8
3

2
3

2

42

344

.471

6

28

23

31

48

122

48

5

4

Total............................................ .

*

Mold runners, male:
H-rnnn 1
flrnnn 9
flrrmn H
n m nn 1

Group 5..............................................
Total




2
2

4

4

19 1

5
1
1
9

1

1

5

1

12

3

11

58

33

11

7

1

47
22
83
5
1

55
24
35

8
1
6
2

1

1

158

114

17

2

1

7
15
8
1
3

13
13
30
3
2

29
21
50
5
1

44
11
56

1
1

5
7
8
1
5

1

2
1
11
1

2
9

1

1

1

INDUSTRY

Batters-out, male:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5

1
1

POTTERY

U
11
18
3
3

Group 3
Group 4
Group 5

$HiB

Laborers, slip house, male:

Aver­
age
90
60
70
80
35 ‘ 40
45
50
20
25
30
earn­ Un­ and
$1 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40
and and and and and and and and and cents and
and and and $1.50
ings
Estab­ Em­
un­ un­ un­ and un­ and
un­
un­
der
un­
un­
un­
un­
un­
un­ un­ un­ and
lish­ ploy­
per
der un­ der un­
der
der
der
der
20 der
der der der der
der
der over
der
der
hour cents
ments ees
der $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50
90
60
70
45
50
80
25
30
35
40
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1

3

4

2

2

13
*1
82
*1

6

<7

15
2
22
3
1

4
3
5

5

28
13
26
4
4

2

1

116

75

43

14

6

1

1

—=

Finishers, male:
Group 1______
Group 2...........
Group 3 . . .......
Group 5...........

5
7
14

2

12
6

.586
.497
.547
.511

7
41

28

66

.544

16
3
3

11
11

108
52
113

10
8

.556
.485
.521
.427
.496

1

Total............

44

291

.524

1

10
10
17

51
19
47

3

5

.770
.758
.874
.692
.974

42

124

.813

Total -

Total Handlers, male:
Group 1____
Group 2____
Group 3.......
Group 4.......
Group 5.......
Total-

11
11

2

6

.928
.922
.982
.602
1.169

46

162

.942

11
11

47
24
51

.954
1.041
.972
.609
.887

18
3
3

18
3
3

69
29
51
7

6
7

46 1* 135

.955 |..........

9

1

1

5 i

1

1
1
1

1
8

1
2 j

1
1
6
1

7

11

7
16
4

5

1
1

3 i1

L

..........!

1

2

18

3

1

2

26
7
2-4

9

1

1

3

5

21

15

42
13
37

12

25
3

1
1

1

2

57

94

58

12 |

1
1

1
2
2

5
3

1

11
2
6
2
1

11
2
8

13
4
7

6
1
11

2 1..........

5

9

22

21

24

19 I!

10

3
3

8

17

15
7

13
4

2

7

1

2
2
1
1

12
2

1

2

2

16 | 40

!
......... L.
......... !_____
i

1
i

.........1. . . . . .

1

1
1
1

5

1
11
1

1
1

i_____
L

___

4

2
12

5

!

1
1

1

1

2

6
1

2

1
1

2

3

2

1 ......... !

3

7

1

5
7

1

6

2

i
3

2

3
7

2

7

4

3

4

3

1

1

1

36

26

12

1

1
1

*2

g

5

2

52

1
1

21

5

3

5

9

1
1
1

8

18

7
3
7

6

4
4
3

2

1
10

12

5

8

11 1

16

35

17

22

12

1

4

3

4

1
9

32

1
2

TABIDES

Turners, male:
Group 1___
Group 2___
Group 3___
Group 4___
Group 5 .. ..

2

2

1
1
2
1

GENERAL

Total............
Finishers, female:
Group 1..........
Group 2..........
Group 3...........
Group 4..........
Group 5..........

Dish makers, male:
Group 1.............
Group 2..............
Group 3.............
Group 4.............
Group 5..............

1

1

1

3

1
2

4

1 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 2 at $1.70 and under $1.80.
* At $1.70 and under $1.80.
* One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.70 and under $1.80.
* Two at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 5 at $1.70 and under $1.80.
* At $1.50 and under $1.60.




OO

T a b le B . —

AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL
GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued
Number of employees whose classified average earnings per hour were—

Number of—

Occupation, sex, and geographical
group

___

T o ta l_________________________
fiagger makers, hand, male:
Group 1 _____ ____
__
Group 2________________________
Group 3 - __ _____________________
Group 4 ___ ___________________
Group 5 _________ ______________
T o ta l__ ________ ________ _. . .




4
......

1

4

1
1
4

1
2
2
3

3
2
2
1

10
2
3
1

12
6
16

7
3
6
1

3
1

6

8

8

16

34

17

6

40

102

.528

2
2
3

3
2
5

.412
.449
.313

1

1
1

1
1

1

3

7

10

.367

4

2

2

1

11
11
18
3
3

84
41
107
9
9

.889
.785
.991
.618
.858

1

1

2

46 | 250

.903

1
1

1

1

2

1

4

1

33
18
40
4
3

1.013
.858
.990
.895
.785

1

44

98

.961

1

2

1

1

1
4
3
2

7
8
3
2

11
10
18
3
2

1
1

2

9
9
12
3

26
7
15
1
4

19
5
24
1
2

11
4
25

5
1
12

2

1

8

2

3

«1

1

9

20

33

53

51

41

18

10

3

3

«1

1
2
1

1
3

5
3
5

1
5
8
2

9
1
5
2

5
1
6

3

3
2
4

1
2

2
1
1

72

8

4

5

13 1

16

17

12

11

9

4

4

72

1

1

INDUSTRY

T o ta l....................................
Casters, male:
Group 1 ______ ____
Group 2__ ___ ___ __
Group 3__ . . . _________
Group 4 _
Group 5 ___

41 $0.527
.505
17
. 547
37
7
.481

POTTERY

Total
Handle casters and finishers, female:
Group 1__________________
Group 2Group 3_________ . . . . . . . .

11
11
15
3

THE

Handle casters and finishers, male:
_____________ .
Group 1___ ___
Group 2
Group 3
.............. ___
Group 5.
_
_
. . . . ___

Estab­ Em­
lish­ ploy­
ments ees

Aver­
i
age
i
35
25
30
40
45
50
60
80
90
20
70
earn­ Un­ and
$1 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
cents
and
and
ings der un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and and and and and and $1.50
un­ un­ un­ un­ and
per
der
der
der der
der
der der
der
der
der un­ un­
20
der over
der der
der
der
hour cents
90
35
40
45
70
der $1.10
25
30
50
60
80
$1.20
$1.30 $1.40 $1.50
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1

"93— o8I£98

Kilnplacers, bisque, male:
Group 1..............................................
Group 2.............................................
Group 3............................................ .
Group 4..................... ...................... .
Group 5............................................ .
Total.............................................. .

1.057
1.073
1.037
.958
1.162
46

Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male:
Group 1............................................ .
Group 2..............................................
Group 3.................................... .........
Group 4.............................................
Group 5.................................... .........
Total.............................................. .

46

197

1.052

108
80
152
35
31

.771
.730
.761
.678
.484

406

.718

Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and
glost. female:
Group 1..............................................
Group 2..............................................
Group 3......................................... ...
Group 4..............................................
Group 5..................... ...................... .
45

*1
13
10
28

.459

170
74
199
19
25

.327
.320
.322
.292
.275

487

.320

24

101

133

«1

102

47

59

57

43
33
131
6

1

225

214

12

1.310
1.394
1.119
1.016
1.458
46

126

1.233

«13
95

102
1*3

I

5 At $1.50 and under $1.60.
* At $1.60 and under $1.70.
7 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70.
8 Seven at $1.50 and under $1.60; 5 at $1.60 and under $1.70; and 1 at $2 and under $2.10i
9 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 4 at $1.60 and under $1.70.




18

TABLES

45

210

Dippers, male:
Group 1..............................................
Group 2..............................................
Group 3..............................................
Group 4..............................................
Group 5.............................................
Total...............................................

52

.498
.447
.465
.352
.349

Brushers, female:
Group 1............................................ .
Group 2.............. ....... . ................
Group 3..............................................
Group 4..............................................
Group 5............................................ .
Total.............................................. .

45

GENERAL

Total...............................................

22

26

15

15

16

15

12

1223

i° One at $1.70 and under $1.80 and 1 at $1.80 and under $1.90.
ii One at $1.80 and under $1.90; 1 at $1.90 and under $2; and 1 at $2 and under $2.10.
u Eight at $1.50 and under $1.60; 9 at $1.60 and under $1.70; 1 at $1.70 and under
$1.80; 2 at $1.80 and under $1.90; 1 at $1.90 and under $2; and 2 at $2and under $2.10.

T a b le

B .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL
GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued
Number of employees whose classified average earnings per hour were—

Number of—

Occupation, sex, and geographical
group

Aver­
age
60
70
80
90
35 . 40
45
50
25
20
30
$1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40
earn­ Un­ and
and and and and and and and and and cents $1
and and and. and $1.50
ings
Estab­ Em­
der un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and and
un­ un­ un­ and
un­
per
lish­ ploy­
der
der
un­ der un­
der
der
der
der
der
20
der
der
der
der
der
der
der over
hour cents 25
ments ees
70
90
50
80
der $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50
60
30 j 35
40
45
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1
1
6
3
3

Q fcn. 41a
7 .354
8 | .340

Total

12

24 | .368

Total
Kiln placers, glost, mnle:
Group 1
_
Group 2
....
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5 . . . . . . . . . .

11
11
18
2

98
43
109
11

42

261

!

2

I
|
.403 I
.417
.......
1
.
..
.363
i
.350
i
.384

158
64
173
14
23

1.076
.978
1.012
1.127
1.154

_____ ______

45

432

1.042 1

...
.......

11
11
18
3
3

97
43
161
10
24

.405
.322
.336
.305
.265

2

12

8

Total...............................................

46

335

348

10

Total

. .




1
2

3 !

3

6

1
2
2

1

1
1

2
8

5

1

2 1

1

3
1
10
7

21
5
99
4

71
28

1
9

1

i i

21

129

99

io !

i

|

i
i
i
i

l
___________i_____ !_____ . .

!

9
2
12

11
1
11

1

i

2

i

23
47
■i“ ............

23

3

10
21
27
6
4

37
4
16

23
1
21

1

6
14
58
4
6

3

2

13

88

68

60
v ... —

1

_____!___________ I_____ !_____ !_____

!
.........i.......... .........!..........1
..........
1
i
|
i
8
....... i...........
5
20
1
i
I
____ i ___
_____1......... |.......... ......... |1
i
I
6
28
1

I
I
i
i

11
10
IS
3
3

Dressers, female:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5

3

43
43
35
4
39
5
52
47
48
1
7
4
« .........|1 11
136

—i

92 | 117
i
1
1
1
(1

.........:..........!..........1..........
— ■»'
.*
•"
"».

1
32
7

4
1

1
1

1
5

41

11

1

INDUSTRY

Dippers’ helpers, female:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Grouo o

2

POTTERY

Group 4
GrouD 5

THE

Dippers’ helpers, male:

£
04

Warehousemen:
Group 1............................................
Group 2............................................
Group 3................................................
Group 4............................................
Group 5............................................
Total........................... —..............
Gilders and liners, male:
Group 1......... ..................................
Group 2............................................
Group 3................................................
Group 4.................................. - ........
Group 5............................................
Total.................................. - .........

148
52
189
3
15

Kiln placers and drawers, decorating,
male:
Group 1............................................
Group 2__.........................................
Group 3 ....................................... ........
Group 4 ...........................................
Group 5............................................
Total..............................................
Packers, male:
Group 1............................................
Group 2............................................
Group 3 - ..........................................
.Group 4............................................
Group 5............................................
Total..............................................




141
42
177

7
• 10
7
4
7
367 i 28

. 5Sf
115
37

21

.814
.738

7

12

22

19

1G
2

2L

5

.471
.772
41

Gilders and liners, female:
Group 1............................................
Group 2. ...........................................
Group 3.............................................—
Group 4............................................
Group 5............................................
T o ta l..................................... ......
Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female:
Group l. ___.....................................
Group 2............................................
Group 3................................................
Group 4............................................
Group 5............................................
Total..............................................

.588
.598
.586
.469
.520

.249

356

.591
.667
.504
.566
.417
.528

277
168
487
29
61
1,022

.433
.424
.337
.406
.281
.375

152

.908
.742
.741
.651
.520
.772

50
29
238
19

20

46

46

.844

18

38

44

43

17

17

4
7
18

12

10

3

4

21

30

27 |

4

23

'4

16

15
4

55

25 I

70

37
25
180
19
37

130

255 | 178 i 115

104

14 |
1 I

2

3

1

.851

12

22

-i

12

.874
.751

46

16 |

10

1

T a b l e C .—

AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS ON WHICH EMPLOYEES WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925,
BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E

£•
w

[Geographical groups are defined on page 32]
Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks

Number of—
Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Estab­
lish­
ments

Average
number
of days
worked
Employ­ in two
ees
weeks

T o t a l--....................

46

136

Batters-out, male:
Group l->_....................
Group 2...........................
Group 3...........................
Group 4-_....................
Group 5........................

11
11
18
3
3
46

Total.........................
Jigger men:
Group 1........................
Group 2__......................
Group 3...........................
Group 4___...................
. Group 5 - - ................................

11
11
18
3
3

j
1
8.1
2
8.0
9.9 --------- " —*--68
12.0

4
3
1

1

1

1

2

8.9

. 3

1

8

1

2

g

5

117
56
162
8
14

(. V
7.4
8.4
5.6
10.3

3
1
o
A

o
O
o
3
1

4
j
K
O

2
1
3
1
1

3
5
5
3

17
3
20

357

8.1

O

9

10

8

16

40

2

9
1
4
1

5
9
9
3

156
87
211
19
27

8.2
7.8
9.0
7.3
11.3

3

2

1
1

Total.................... . . .

46

500

8.6

3

3

oq

Mold runners, male:
Group 1........................
Group 2...........................
Group 3...........................
Group 4........................
Group 5........................

11
11
14
3
3

137
64
102
10
31

7.8
7.6
8.2
5.6
11.3

4
1
1
1

1

3

1

Total.........................

42

344

8.2

7

3




3

1

7
3
3

21
9
10

3
11

i
14

18

13

40

14

22

5
13
16
1

18
13
20
1
1

19
7
25
1

42
g
26

1
1
25

1
12

5

2

5

35

53

52

81

29

18

20
6
20
1

8
12
20
4

25
24
21
3
1

23
15
37
3

57
12
37
1
4

5
4
38
2
6

44

74

78

111

55

41

1
4
4

14

2
2
4

2
2

10
2
4

14

13

12

7
■■ —

——

--------

1
24 ..........
16

15

26

47

g
2
5
1

5
7
2
2

19
6
14

11
11
15
2

21
18
15
2
1

22
8
23
1

44
7
8
4

9

17

14

16

39

39

57

54

63

18

31

|

....j.....
______!...........

INDUSTRY

49
25
50
5
7

11

10

9

8

POTTERY

11
11
18
q
a
3

7

6

6

THE

Laborers, slip house, male:
Group 1........................
Group 2__......................
Group 3 _ .......................
Group 4...........................
Group 5........................

4

3

2

1

Finishers, male:
Group 1 -.................................. .
Group 2....................................... .
Group 3.......... .............................
Group 5.......................................

5
7
14

12
7
41

Total............... .....................
Finishers, female:
Group 1.......... .........................
Group 2 _ _ ...........................................
Group 3.......................................
Group 4__................................
Group 5 . . ...................................
Total.....................................

Total......................................

Total......................................
Handlers, male:
Group 1....................................
Group 2 ........................................
Group 3........................................
Group 4....................................
Group 5 .......................................
Total.....................................

8.7

11
11

108
52
113

10

44

291

8.0

10

51
19
47

8.5
9.0
8.9

10
17

2

11
11
18

124

29
51
7

46

11
11
18
3

11

20

30

7

18

35

43

8.0

7.7
9.1
8.9

11
4
4

1

17

41
17
37
7

10.0

Total.................................

40

1

10

5

3
5

10

24
3

17

1

21

12

1

2

11

15
4
15

17

37

1

15

14

42

1

11

1

16

34

4

19

2
15

11

25

8.2

11
11

102

12
2
2

20

20
13

7.5
9.2
9.0
11.4

Handle casters and finishers, male:
Group 1- . .................................
Group 2 ........................................
Group 3 .......................................
Group 5.......................................

19
....

4

11.0

8.7

33
7

12

11

8.4
47
24
51

13

12
10
6

8.9

135

15

14
5

12.0
10.

3

42

10

8.0

7.6
8.3
5.8
10.9

16

46




10

TABLES

Turners, male:
Group 1....................................
Group 2 .......................................
Group 3.......................................
Group 4 ...................................
Group 5.......................................

1

9.2
10.7

2

4

2
10

1
18

8.2
8.1

2

10.9

13
4

9.0

13

15

GENERAL

Dish makers, male:
Group 1....................................
Group 2 .......................................
Group 3.......................................
Group 4...................................
Group 5........................................

6.3

8.0

12

T a b le

C .—

AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS ON WHICH EMPLOYEES WORKED IN TWO WEEKS,
BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E —Continued
Number of—

7

10

7.8

11
11
18
3
3

84
41
107
9

8.1
9.0
9.3
9.4
11.9

46

250

8.9

Sagger makers, hand, male:
Group 1 ______________
__ ___
Group 2 ________________ _____
Group 3___________________ ___________
Group 4
__ ____
Group 5
____________
!

11
10
18
3
2

33.
18
40
4
3

8. 6
7.9
8.7
6.8
11.3

Total..................................................._j

44

98

8.5

11
11
18

69
34
76
10
8

9.0
8.5
9.4
7.0
11.3

Total................. ..................................
Casters, male:
Group 1____ ___________ _____
Group 2______________
Group 3_____________________
Group 4 _____
Group 5__ ____________________
Total....................................................

Kiln placers, bisque, male:
Group 1 _____________
_______
Group 2____________________________
Group 3
__
Group 4
_
_______
___ _
Group 5___..............................................
Total................- ..................... - ...........




3

3
46 i

9

197

9.0

2

4

3

1
i
1

2
2

1

4

1

1
1
1

5

1

1
3

1

4

1

10

9

13

12

11

1

1
1

1

1

1

1

1

1

7
2
1

10
4
5
2

5
1
13
.1

21
2
16

14
10
23

20
6
11
3

4
2
13
1

11
23
3
8

3

10

21

20

39

47

40

20

45

1
1

1
1
6

5
4
4

6
1
6
1

8
3
7

7
4
9

2
1
5
1

2
1
2

1

1

2

1

3

2

2

8

13

14

18

21

9

7

1
1
1

1

2

1
4
3
2

4
1
7
3

2
5
1
1

14
1
15
3

11
7
4

14
11
18

20

2

6
4
6
1
2

15

9

33

22

45

19

36

3

1

1

3

10

14

1

2

2

1

8

7

6

12

4

INDUSTRY

9.0
5.0
8.2

2
2
3

1

POTTEBY

3
2
5

Handle casters and finishers, female:
Group 1____ _____ ___
Group 2
Group 3 . . . __

^

THE

of days
worked
in two
weeks

Estab­
lish­
ments

O’

Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks

Average

Employ­
ees

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

1925,

Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male:
Group 1..................................................
Group 2.................................................
Group 3 ................................ .....................
Group 4.................................................
Group 5................................................
Total...................................................

46

108
80
152
35
31

8.3
6.4
8.3
6.7
9.9

406

7.9

Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female:
Group 1..................................................
Group 2.................................................
Group 3......................................................
Group 4.................................................
Group 5.................................................
Total...................................................

17

47

9.2
8.4

487

8.6

4

2

19
15
15

38

15

8
9

4

13

14

13

17

27

28

8.9
7.6

28
60
19

8.8

32
27
’ l9"

13

2
13

34

32

133

46

2

2
10
32

5
50

tables

14
5

8.1
9.4
9.8

10
2
1

11.6
9.2

3

10

%

9.0

46

12

10

10

20

General

45

170
74
199
19
25

20

12

8.0

45

17

22

58

11.6

Dippers, male:
Group 1................................... ............
Group 2.................................................
Group 3.....................................................
Group 4......... ........................................
Group 5................................................
Total...................................................

19

27

8.7
5.9
8.3
7.5

Brushers, female:
Group 1.................................................
Group 2.................................................
Group 3......................................................
Group 4.................................................
Group 5.................................................
Total............................................ ......

10

20

Dippers’ helpers, male:
Group 3.....................................................
Group 4.............. ..................................
Group 5.................................................
Total...................................................
Dippers’ helpers, female:
Group 1.............. ..................................
Group 2.............................................. .
Group 3......................................................
Group 5................................................
Total...................................................




CJt

T a b le

C.— AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS ON WHICH EMPLOYEES WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925,
BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E — Continued

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Kiln placers, glost, male:

Estab­
lish­
ments

Group 5

158
64
173
14
23

2

1

3

4

1
2
2
1

5
2
1
2

11
3
4
3
1

12
1

12

6

6

10

22

9
2
6

4
2
11

17
1

9.1

11
11
18
3
3

97
43
161
10
24

8.5
8.2
8.6
8.8
10.5

4
2

2
1
3

1
1

Total.....................................................

46

335

8.7

6

6

3

Warehousemen:
Group 1 . . . . . . ____ _
..... .
Group 2 _
___
...1
___ .
__ ___ _
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5....................................................

11
11
18
1
3

148
52
189
3
ft

9.8
10.4
10.3
5. 7
12.0

2

Total.....................................................

44

407

10.2

2

11
11
16
1
2

115
37
83
2
12

9.8
10.6
8.8
9.5
11.3

1
1

41

249

9.7

1




57
17
46
8

2

11

14

55

55

128

51

68

1
2
17
1
1

6
3
18

7
5
23
5

9
7
10
1

31
10
22

5
4
26

10

19
4
24
3
1

17

22

27

40

27

73

51

46

1
2

1
1
5

3
2
5

7
2
14

35
6
27

46
8
19

46
12
38
1
1

6
19
70

4

13

1

8

1

3

1

1

1
2
4

1

i'

1

19
6
32

25
14
9
6
1

6
2

4

25
2
22

14

13

7
10
38

1

3

12

11

10

7

1___L
i
8

9

POTTE&Y

432

1

9

11

10

23

68

73

98

108

5

5

14
2
13
1
1

8
1
4

47
4
9

2
15
13

1

1

37
12
18
1
2

31

13

61

70

38

7

12

8
1

I
1

INDUSTRY

1
1
4

45

... 1" 1.....

8

5
5
2

Total.....................................................

Total____ _________________________

7

1
2
1
1

Dressers, female:
Group 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ____ ____
Group 2
Group 3
.
_
Group 4
Group 5

. . . .
_ ___

6

9.3
8.1
9.3
6. 7
10.8

5

Gilders and liners, male:
Group 1
Group 2
_
Group 3
.
Group 4
Group 5

5

THE

11
10
18
3
3

10

Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks

Number of—

Average
number
of days
Employ­ worked
in two
ees
weeks

Or

■Gilders and liners, female:
Group 1..................................................
Group 2.................................................
Group 3..................................................
Group 4..................................................
Group 5......................................................

11

9
17

2
3

Total............ ....................................

.

50
29
238
19

20

9.5

9.0
9.7
9.2
7.4
10.4

14

2

1
1

21

20

9.3

11
11
18

43
21
76
3

9.7
10.8
9.0
10.0
10.9

Total...................................................

3

1
1

7
7
16

4
11

2

1

12

26

8

10

19
3

28

1

18

46
23
57
5
4

53

58

37
7
56
3

38
19
55

24
85

56
49
104

38
90

11

13

27

223

156

2

1

104

18

2

12

81

1

12

7
7

2

9.3
8.4
10.4

13

1

11.5
17

1

9
13

1

2

31
15
4
7
3

10.0
9.7

10

62

34

14

11
11

1

TABLES

1,022

12

13
13
34

GENERAL

46




1

277
168
487
29
61

Total...................................................

24
3
24

6

9.5

Kiln placers and drawers, decorating,
male:
Group 1..................................................
Group 2..................................................
Group 3............................... .................
Group 4 .............................. .................
Group 5 ..................................................

Total.............................................. .

2
45

10.7

11
11

Packers, male:
Group 1__ ! ...........................................
Group 2..............................................
Group 3..................................................
Grrap 4..................................................
Group 5___ --............ j ...............................

1

18

356

Transferrers, decalcomania and print,
female:
Group 1..................................................
Group 2..................................................
Group 3..................................................
Group 4..................................................
Group 5......................................................

18

4

11.0
9.3
8.1

11

2
21

15

35

25

1

6

Cr?
CO

T a b le

D .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX,
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT B E O T JS W A R E

^

[Geographical groups are defined on p. 32]
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Establish­
Em­
ployees
ments

__
*

T o t a l.....................................................

i
46 1

1
2

49
25
50
5
7

69.3
68. 7
Ho. 7
49. 4
117.1 !

!
.......T ........

136

76.9

!!

.3

___
____

11
11
18
3
3

117
56
162
8
14

65. 7
63. 5
65. 7
51. 7
82.6

l.
3

4

7

2

2
1
1

1

2
2

46

357

65.7

_____

11
11
18
3
3

156
87
211
19
27

67.0
65.3
70.1
63.9
93.6

Total.....................................................

46

500

69.3

2

4 !

11
11
14
3
3

137
64
102
10
31

64.0
63.3
61.0
48. 2
88.2

3

2
1
1
1

42

344

64.7

4

3 Iold runners, male:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5
Total......................................................




3
1

5

4

6
1
5
1
1

1
5
6

14

12

1
1
1
1

2
1
2
3

2
2
3

4 !

8

10
1
3
1

9
4
9

7

15

22

21 !

8
7
23
2

10
12
23

22
11
30
1

27
8
19
1
2

22 | 40

46

64

10
5
6

9
3
9

3
12

2

3

2

21

18

4

19
5
26
1
5

9
3
12

1
3

3

2

57

56

27

6

2
2
2

2

I

Total................... ............ .....................
Jigger men:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3 Group 4
Group 5

2
3

1

5 !

1

11
9
2

1

1
1

2

6
5
7

17
5
13
1

12
9
25
6

17
11
26
3

26
19
35
2
1

36
13
32
2
2

27
14
32
1
10

9
6
28
1
5

2
2
6
1
7

3

1
1
1

1

5

18

36

52

57

83

85

84

49

18

3

3

1

3

4
4
6

14
3
10
1

13
11
13
4

17
12
21

33
5
16
1
3

17
5
7
1
16

8
5
5

1
2
1

i
14 | 28

22
16
19
1
1

7

4

41

50

59

58

46

25

2
2
1

2
1
6

1

!
!
i
8 j------- 1

INDUSTRY

Batters-out, male:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Group 5

|
i!

11
11
18
3
3

!
|
117
108
81
99
54 i 63
90
72
27
36
Un­ 4H 1 9
18
45
126
der and 1 and and and and and ! and '! and and and 1 and and and and and
4M under under under under under under 'in der under under under under under under under over
117
126
99
108
54
81
90
45
72
36
63
18
27
9

POTTERY

Group 3
Group 4
Group 5

Number of employees whose classified hours of work in two weeks were—

THE

.Laborers, slip house, male:

Average
hours
actually
worked
in two
weeks

Finishers, male:
Group 1......................................
Group 2..........................................
Group 3 .....................................
Group 5 ......................................

14
2

5
7

12
7
41

59.0
63.1
65.2
85.7
65.7

10

11
16
3

108
52
113
10

61.9
60.8
56.2
48.8
79.3

Total.......................................

44

291

59.5

Dish makers, male:
Group 1......................................
Group 2..........................................
Group 3 -....................................
Group 4......................................
Group 5..........................................

10
17
2
3

10

51
19
47
2
5

78.0
82.7
74.2
104.6
92.1

124

78.3

12

65.3
58.9
72.5

14
6
2
3

11

Total.......................................

42

Turners, male:
Group 1......................................
Group 2..........................................
Group 3......................................
Group 4......................................
Group 5..........................................

18
3
3

11
11

29
51
7

10

18

11
2
22

11
10
21

35

43

Total.......................................

46

162

67.0

Handlers, male:
Group 1......................................
Group 2..........................................
Group 3..................... ................
Group 4......................................
Group 5.........................................

11
11
18

47
24
51
6
7

69.7
59.9
75.9
72.2
87.5

4
3

11

46

135

71.3

11

11
15
3

41
17
37
7

67.9
65.5
82.7
90.3

Total............................... ......

40

102

74.4




16
5
13

12
5

1

9
4
13

2

78.9

Total.......................................

32
7
24
2

....

66.8

Handle casters and finishers, male:
Group 1................... - ................
Group 2.........................................
Group 3.....................................
Group 5.........................................

1

7
13
13
3

12
13
7
3

15

18

2

"T
....

11

2
10

5
3
12

21

21

21

20

6

6

1
1

1
’T
2
1
10 . 10

1

2

2

2
13

16

....

20

12
10

12
6

12

18

29

1

12

1
1

28

23

1

26

7
5
6

tables

28

General

Total.......................................
Finishers, female:
Group 1......................................
Group 2..........................................
Group 3......................................
Group 4......................................
Group 5......................................

14

10

_4j

1

1
Y
10

15

11

O*
Ox

T a b le D .—

AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX,
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued
Number of—

Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Handle casters and finishers, female:

Em­
Establish­
ployees
ments

Average
hours
actually
worked
in two
weeks

Number of employees whose classified hours of work in two weeks were—
Un­
der

108
117 126
99
90
72 * 81
54
63
45
36
27
9
18
4H
and and and and and and | and and and | and and and and and and
under under un ce' unc er under under under under under under under under under under over
108
117
126
99
81
90
72
54
63
45
27
36
9
18

1

7

10

68.9

1

flrniin d
flrAim K

11
11
18
3
3

84
41
107
9

75.9
83.3
79.4
84.1
108.3

Total

46

250

11
10
18
3
2

33
18
40

Total
Casters, male:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3

__

__________________________

Bagger makers, hand, male:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
fi-rnnn 1

Group 5 _ ~ ................................................
Total...................................................
Kiln placers, bisque, male:
rfrnnn 1
Ornii'n 9

9

4

3




1

1
1

9
3
10
1

9
3
12
2

14
2
16

11
2
15

14
9
18

14
6
8
3
2

5
5
17
3
3

4
4
7

80.1

6

5

23

26

32

28

41

33

33

18

67.2
67.6
74.0
59.4
110.3

1
1
1

3

3
2
5

5
1
7

8
3
9

9
2
2
1

1
6
7

2

1
1
5

2

2

1

59.7

1

197

2

1
1
3

57.5
54.4
64.2
49.4
71.3

46

2

3
3

11
11
18
3

Total......................................................

1

1

71.0

3

2
1

2

98

Group 5.....................................................

2
1

44

69
34
76
10
8

flrnnn A.

1

1
1

1
1

3

3

3

3

2

5

10

13

20

14

14

4

4
4

17
4
4

11
11
11
6
15
13
2
2 ““' T

4
2
9

11

2

6
6
13
3

14

28

27

36

18

17

2

38

1
2

5

3
1
1
5

. =====

1

3

■

2
1

1

3

2

3

1

1

1

8

1
•

12

1
12

l.Ji

INtfUSTRY

82 7
48.1
69.0

POTTERY

3
2
5

THE

2
2
3

Group 3.....................................................

g

w

Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male:
Group 1................................................... .
Group 2................................................... .
Group 3...................................._..............
Group 4................................................... .
Group 5 ....................................................... .
Total............................................ .........

46

108
80
152
35
31

49.8
31.0
47.7
47.9
76.3

406

47.2

Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost,
female:
Group 1............................. ......................
Group 2.................................................. .
Group 3................................................. .
Group 4...........•_________________ ____ _
Group 5 ................................................... .
Total................... ................................ .

45

48.1

170
74
199
19
25

59.0
65.3
77.3

487

43

24

53

55

40

31

18

26

28

21

15

46

56

19

26

37

30

71

53

42

34

18

14

12

102

TABLES

58.5
48.4
65.7
64.1
79.1

Total......................................................

126

Dippers’ helpers, male:
Group 3................................................... .
Group 4................................................... .
Group 5............ ...........................................

60.8

13

67.0
65.6

Total................... ..................................
Dippers’ helpers, female:
Group 1........... .........................................
Group 2.............. ......................................
Group 3................ ...................................
Group 5.........................................................




36

GENERAL

45

210

Dippers, male:
Group 1....................................................
Group 2................................................ .
Group 3................. .................................
Group 4............................................ .......
Group 5.........................................................

Total......................................................

24

55.4
30.7
48.1
52.9
84.0

Brushers, female:
Group 1......... ................... ......................
Group 2.............. ........ ........................... .
Group 3_____________ _______________
Group 4............ ............ ...... ...................
Group 5......................................... ........... .
Total......................................................

19

24

74.0

43
109

52.7
43.7
59.8

iL

11

42

261

54.8

17

12

14

18

3 i

Oi

T a* le D .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX,
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GR.OUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E — Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and geographical group

Kiln placers, glost, male:

Em­
Establish­
ployees
ments

Number of employees whose classified hours of work in two weeks were—
117 126
108
99
90
54
72 1 81
45
63
9
18
27 | 36
Un­ 4'A
der and and and and j and and I and | and and ! and and and and and and
under
under
under
4H under under under under under under under under under under under
over
99
117
126
108
81
54
90
45
63
72
18
27
9
36

60.6
56.0
65.2
48.2
76.9

2
2
1
1

4
5
2

6

11

12
3
4
2

6
3
3
4
1

9
3
18
1

51
17
40
1
1

26
20
32
5
7

26
3
50 ;

20
6
11

2 ,

10

8

21

17

31

110

90

81 !

47

10

5
2
6

9
20

2
2
22

5
5
26
1

10
8
12
3
10

32
17
10
6
16
31
3
3 1

5
5
8
3
3

6
1
15

13

30

26

37

43

64 |
! 54

24

28

1
2

1
1
2

1
1
6

6
3
13

16
3
15

86
16
29
1
1

5
16
73

5

5

9

2
2
4

1

45

432

Dressers, female:
Group 1
Group 2
Armi n 3
fir Ann i
Group 5.....................................................

11
11
18
3
3

97
43
161
10
24

69.8
67.1
65.0
76. 3
79.3

4
1
1

1
1
2

1
2
2

Total......................................................

46

335 |

68.0

6

4

6

11
11
18
1
3

148
52
189
3
15

44
11
11
16
1
2

Warehousemen:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
fir Ann 4
fir Ann n
Total......................................................
Gilders and liners, male:
fir Aim 1
fir Aim 2
Group 3
fir Ann d
fir Aim n

_ __________ _

Total............................................ ..........




41
i

1

1

1

2

2 !

29
8
36

6

86.8
91.0
89.7
49. 7
106.5

4

407

89.1

6

4

3

4

8

22

34

73

133

99

115
37
83
2
12

79.7
75.1
72.0
80.2
89.2

3

1
3

1
1
6

3
1
8

11
5
9
1

11
1
9

24
6
8

36
3
5

26
15
18

1

1

1

6

249

7a 9
----------- 1

26

22

39

45

1
5

2
2

1
6

4
3
-------- i--------

13

8
1

<

65
1

•

1

2
2

2

15

4

2

2
1
6
1
2

1

3

2

12

1

3

2

1

INDUSTRY

Total......................................................

62.2

8

POTTERY

158
64
173
14
23

THE

11
10
18
3
3

H-rAiin X
Group 5

Average
hours
actually
worked
in two
weeks

00

Gilders and liners, female:
Group 1.....................................................
Group 2....................................................
Group 3...... ..............................................
Group 4....................................................
Group 5....................................................

11
9
17
2

Total......................................................

50
29
238
19
20

72.9
79.9
68.5
61.0
95.9

1
14

2
3
31
3
1

12
3
33
1

356

71.2

18

40

49

Transferrers, deealcomania and print, female
Group 1........... .........................................
Group 2.....................................................
Group 3 . . . ...............................................
Group 4 ...................................................
Group 5....................................................

11
11
18
3

277
168
487
29
61

74.8
78.0
76.4
57.4
87.6

3
2
12
1
18

46

1,022

76.4

11
11
18

43
21
76

76.4
81.0
71.7
92.0
87.2

46
11
11
18
3

46
23
57
5
4

67.1
61.1
75.2
75.4
87.7

Total......................................................

46

135

70.4




75.6

13
7
24
2
1

27
14
33

42
16
47
5
2

28

37

47

78

112

12

....

12
2
10
2

15

26

6
.....

46
22
72
7
5

5
9
30

25

48

36

66
31
78

56
40
118
1
16

5
11
64
1
19

184

231

100

4
1
12

13
3
4
1
2

18

23 | 20

17

16

12

12
1

11
1
1

17

22

TABLES

Total.....................................................
Packers, male:
Group 1....................................................
Group 2...................... .............................
Group 3...................................................
Group 4.....................................................
Group 5.....................................................

17

8
10
14
4
1

10
6
44

GENEBAL

Total......................................................
Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male:
Group 1....................................................
Group 2...................................... ............
Group 3................ ...................... ............
Group 4............................................. ......
Group 5 . . ............................................. .

7
2
13
4
2

15
7

T a ble E .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E

O)
°

[Geographical groups are defined on p. 32]

Number of employees whose classified earnings in two weeks were—

Number of—

Occupation, sex, and
geographical group

Aver­
age
actual
$2.50 $5 $7.50
earn­
Estab­ Em­ ings Un­ and and and
lish­ ploy­ in two der un­ un­ un­
ments ees weeks $2.50 der der der
$5 $7.50 $10
1
49 $41.30
25 ; 40. 31
50 1 49. 50
is
Ki
7 146! 68

2
2
-

2

1
2
1

2

"I’

7
3
6
1

4
2
2
2
1

1
2
10

3

17

11

12
8
28
3
1
1

4

1

2

1
2
4

8
2
15

46

136 i 44. 22

11
11
18
3
3

117 ! 39. 71
56 36.47
162 36.03
R
14 1 35. 55

Total.........................

46

357

Jigger men:
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
fl-rnnn 4
Group 5_____________

11
11
18
3
3

156
87
211
19
27

Total.........................

46

500

2
5
7
1i 8
= = — J— =====
—.— ------i
63.97
1 1 1
1
54.58
1
1
63. 76
|
57.01
74.32
........!........
1
2
i |
62.54
1 1

M old runners, male:
1
n>i*Aiin 9
Group 3...................... .

11
11
14

137
64
102

35.22
33.55
25.30

....... 1 4
1

2
1
5
1

2
1
1
1

2
3
2

37.14

i
i

3
1

1

1

21

5

$65
and
un­
der
$70

$70
and
un­
der
$75

$75
and
un­
der
$80

$80
and
un­
der
$85

3
1
10

1

2

1

2

1

2 i___

9
2
6
1
2

10
5
4

16

20

19

14

14

7
6
22
1
2

14 20
13 5
18 22
1 2
4 3

21
7
17

19
5
18

6
2
4

2
1

3~

6
5
3

1

3

1
2

1

j
_l___

1

1

2
3

3

1

26

52

38

50

52

47

42

12

2

4
1

5
5
2
1

4
2
2
1

8
6
12

11
9
11
1
2

10 9
12 9
18 21
2
4
1 2

4
10
25
2
6

15 21 19
2
5
9
11 23 26
1
1
3
1 ----- 2

5

13

9

26

34

43

45

47

39

1 6 13
2 3 6
4 18 20

17
14
21

16
8
14

21
12
7

29
5
6

18
5
1

8
7
1

1
1
1

1

4

1
$90 $95 $100 $110 $120
and andj and and and $130
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
der der der der der over
$95 $100 $110 $120 $130

1

7

1
1

$85
and
un­
der
$90

$60
and
un­
der
$65

INDUSTRY

2
1

4

Total.........................




$35
and
un­
der
$40

■.

Batters-out, male:
D-rnnfi 1
rirnnn 9
rtrniin 5
riraiin d.
Group 5...................... .

1

2
1
1

$30
and
un­
der
$35

POTTERY

11
11
18
3
3

$40 $45 $50 $55
and and and and
un­ un­ un­ un­
der der der der
$45 $50 $55 $60

$25
and
un­
der
$30

$20
and
un­
der
$25

THE

Laborers, slip house, male:
rirAITH 1
rirAnn O
rJ-rAiifi 5
ufUUp
Group 5........................

$10 $12.50 $15
and and and
un­ un­ un­
der
der der
$12.50 $15 $20

47

53

1

I
10
7 12
4
6
15 ”22" 6
1
1 3
1
31

32 ! 25

2

4
5
3
7 "T

3
1
4

1

2

4 -----

16

8

12

1

1

3

1
2

1
1

19.45
23.63

Group 4............
Group 5_______
344

,21898

Total..........—
Finishers, male:
Group 1............
Group 2............
Group 3............
Group 5..............
Total.............

2?

35.75

108
52
113
10

34.39
29.46
29.28
20.80
39.35

291

31.19

Total.............

63.66

Turners, male:
Group 1............
Group 2......... .
Group 3_______
Group 4............
Group 5_______

54.34
71.14
40.24
92.21
46

162

Handlers, male:
Group 1............
Group 2. ...........
Group 3............
Group 4..........
Group 5________




26

40

29

25

16

63.10

11

23

44

40

10

13

14

20

17

18

15

13

13

12

1

3

3

66.51
62.35
73. 82
43.92
77.61
46

135

68.10

TABLES

60.05
62.67
64.86
72.41
89.65

Total...........

41

GENERAL

44

68

Dish makers, male:
Group 1............
Group 2............
Group 3............
Group 4_______
Group 5.............

Total.............

42

34.56
31. 36
35.68
43.77

Finishers, female:
Group 1_______
Group 2............
Group 3............
Group 4............
Group 5............
Total.............

30.47

3

1 L

14

10

T a b le

E .— AVERAGE AND

CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEO­
GRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued

Number of—

Occupation, sex, and
geographical group

Aver­
age
actual
$2.50 $5 $7.50
earn­
Estab­ Em­ ings Un­ and and and
lish­ ploy- in two der un­ un­ un­
de^ der
ments
weeks $2.50 der
50 $10
$5

102

39.27

10

25.32

84
41
107

67.43
65.43
78.70
52.02
92.96

Total....................... .

72.29
68.06
57.96
73.24
53.13
86.56




$50
and
un­
der
$55

$55
and
un­
der
$60

$60
and
un­
der
$65

$65
and
un­
der
$70

$70
and
un­
der
$75

16

23

$75, $30
and; and
un-;un­
der |der
$80 $85

$85
and
un­
der
$90

$95 $100 $110 $120
and and and and and $130
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
der der der der der over
$95 $100 $110 $120 $130

10

34.05
21.62
21.57

Sagger makers, hand, male:
Group 1...................
Group 2...................
Group 3...................
Group 4....... ...........
Group 5...................
Total....................

$20 $25 |$30 $35 $40 $45
and and; and and and and
un­ un­ un­
un­
der
der der der
$25
$401 $45 $50

68.27

INDUSTRY

Total......................

$10 $12.50 $15
and and and
un­ un­ un­
der der
der
$12.50 $15 $20

$35.79
33. OS
45.21
43.41

Handle casters and finish­
ers, female:
Group 1....... .............. .
Group 2......................
Group 3......................

Casters, male:
Group 1......................
Group 2......................
Group 3......................
Group 4......................
Group 5......................

Number of employees whose classified earnings in two weeks were—

POTTERY

Total_____________

to

THE

Handle casters and finish­
ers, male:
Group 1....... .............. .
Group 2......................
Group 3......................
Group 5......................

a>

10

16

12

10

23

30

Kiln placers, bisque, male:
Group 1........................
Group 2........................
Group 3.......................
Group 4.......................
Group 5............ ..........
Total........................
Kiln drawers, bisque and
glost, male:
Group 1.......................
Group 2.......................
Group 3.......................
Group 4.......................
Group 5.......................
Total........................

69
34
76

18
3
3

10
8

60.78
58.32
66.62
47.29
82.81

1

1

2 ___

2
6

5

6

4

7
7

5

46

---------

197

62.82 -----------

11
11

18
3
3

108
80
152
35
31

38.44
22.62
36.31
32.47
36.90

1
1

46

406

33.89

2

13

22

17

1
1

6
1
1
1

1

3

13
3

= * = = "T"~

11
11

58
44
89

11
8

45

210

22.07

11
10
18
3
3

170
74
199
19
25

21.02

Total.......................

45

487

21.21

Dippers, male:
Group 1.......................
Group 2.......................
Group 3.......................
Group 4.......................
Group 5.......................

18
3
3

Total.......................

46

Total........................




11
11

1

22.58
18.90

22.58
19.10

75.02

1

4

8
2 24

4
9
5

6 38
22 ______

18

36

1
2 "T

4
13

17

1

4
4
4

3
9
3

4
3
4

6
1
1

13

2

13
7
53

1

3

3

9

21

15

17

5

1

12
1

=saa

=

4

5

30

1

2

7

1

2

10

17

9

2
1
8

14
9
4

1

2

1

17

12

29

s

11
8

5

1

2
1
2

9

14

2

6

9

11

11

11

16

3

15

6
1

7

2
1 " ’ 5"

6

12

34

26

1 7 10 12 11
5
4
14 ” <T " T " s ’ 3
5
3

1

22 20

41

38

2

15

3

74
17
60
9
9

41
31
48

18

77 169 130

32

3

27

18

1

2

2

2

2

2

4
3

2

5

6

3

3

4

22

8 12

8
4

11
1

2
2
8

3

3

3

5

3

1

1

1

7

5

1

1

24

13

3

8

1
1

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

4

2

2

2

2

2

12
6 1
4
1

1

1

=

1

20

16

2

9
7

5

10

25

1

2

12

1

4
5

23

8 37

1

6
4

4

1
1

I

7

10

1

6

1
2

19

1
1

5

2
1

2
2

9

3

1

5
3 "’ ii” 22

6

2

2
3

4

45 76.56
20 67.50
52 73.48
4 65.10
5 115.27
126

2

1

TABLES

2

Brushers, female:
Group 1.......................
Group 2.......................
Group 3.......................
Group 4...................... .
Group 5.......................

1

fi

7 — ■■■—

27.58
13.69
22.40
18.63
29.33

18
3

2

1

1
1

GENERAL

Drawers (in warehouse),
bisque and glost, fe­
male:
Group 1.......................
Group 2.......................
Group 3.......................
Group 4.......................
Group 5.......................

11
11

1

1

1

2
2

4

-------

2
2

1

1

3

3

2
6

4

4

"2"
5

1

g

1

9

2
1

3

7
4
4

8
1

115

14

5

8
1
9

2
4

4

"I"

3

1

4

2

g

2

2
14 i $

18

7

5

1

2

11

2
*

O
CO

T able E .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E — Continued
Number of—

Occupation, sex, and
geographical group

Aver­
age
actual
$2.50 $5 $7.50
Estab­ Em­ earn­
Un­ and and and
lish- ploy- ings der un­ un­ un­
in two $2.50 der der der
ments
weeks
$5 $7.50 $10

Dippers’ helpers, male:
Group 3....................
Group 4 . . . . . . . .........
Group 5....................
12

45

Dressers, female:
Group 1....................
Group 2............ ........
Group 3............ ........
Group 4....................
Group 5....................
Total.....................




$20
and
un­
der
$25

$25
and
un­
der
$30

and
un­
der
$35

84

16

$35
and
un­
der
$40

$40
and
un­
der
$45

$45
and
un­
der
$50

$50
and
un­
der
$55

$55
and
un­
der
$60

$60
and
un­
der
$65

$65
and
un­
der
$70

$70
and
un­
der
$75

$75
$85 $90 $95 $100 $110 $120
and and and and and and and and $130
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
der der der der der der der der over
$85 $90 $95 $100 $110 $120 $130

46

24

27.26

98
109
11

21.25
18.24
21.70
23.21

261

21.03

158
64
173
14
23

65.16
54.73
65.99
54.31
88.71

432

64.85

97
43
161
10
24

28.28
21.58
21. 87
23.26
20.98

$35

23.67

31

13

13

36

73

INDUSTRY

42

Kiln placers, glost, male:
Group 1......... ...........
Group 2....................
Group 3............ ........
Group 4....................
Group 5....................
Total.....................

$15
and
un­
der
$20

POTTERY

Total.....................

$10 $12.50
end and
un­ un­
der
der
$12.50 $15

THE

Total.....................

Number of employees whose classified earnings in two weeks were—

$27.70
23.20
30.33

Dippers’ helpers, female:
Group 1....................
Group 2....................
Group 3............... .
Group 5—. . —. .........

05

29

15
15

10

25

57

31

15

18

42

77

52

37

20

W arehousemen:
Group 1........................
Group 2.......................
Group 3............... ........
Group 4........................
Group 5_____________
Total.........................
Gilders and liners, male:
Group 1........................
Group 2........................
Group 3........................
Group 4_____________
Group 5............ . .........
Total........... ............

Kiln placers and drawers,
decorating, male:
Group 1............ . ..........
Group 2........................
Group 3........................
Group 4____. . . . . . ___
Group 5........................
Total.........................
Packers, male:
Group 1........................
Group 2........................
Group 3........................
Group 4........................
Group 5........................
Total................ .......




407

52.11

115
37

41

249

64.92
55.40
49.59
37.72
68.87
58.37

42

50
29
238
19
20
356

43.07
53.30
34.53
34.51
39.97
37.56

46

277
168
487
29
61
1,022

32.41
33.05
25.77
23.32
24.63
2a 63

152

60.16
53.16
59.86
45.29
58.37

46

13
1
19

20

13
2
1
27
4
_1_

35

2
11

9
7
24

2
14
1
18

46

44
18

16

34

19

7
4
21

"r
81 90

76

7
3
12

16
5
2

“T
24

23

11
1 3
6
17
2
1
2
31 I T

T
41

50 27
18 31
86 117 56
3
1 8
2
7 6
171
119

59

27
16
10
1
3
57

19

135

65.85
59.95

13

13

18

38

2
2
10
1
3
18

13

56.64
50.94
65.32
46

18

TABLES

Transferrers, decalcomania
and print, female:
Group 1........................
Group 2........................
Group 3........................
Group 4................. ......
Group 5........................
Total.........................

51.02
54.37
52.53
23.28
55.34

GENERAL

Gilders and liners, female:
Group 1........................
Group 2.......................
Group 3........................
Group 4........................
Group 5........................
Total.........................

44

148
52
189
3
15

18

12

6
4
5
1
2
18

o>
Cnt

66

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

F .—SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E

T a b le

[Geographical groups are defined on page 32]

Occupation, sex, geographical group,
and classified earnings in two
weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci­
fied number of days in two weeks
1

2

3

4

5

7

8

10

11

12

13

14 Total

JIGGER MEN

Group 1 (U potteries):
$15 and under $20—
$20 and under $25—
$25 and under $30—
$30 and under $35—
$35 and under $40—
$40 and under $45—
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60—
$60 and under $65—
$65 and under $70—
$70 and under $75—
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90__
$90 and under $95___
$95 and under $100—
$100 and under $110..
$110 and under $120..
$120 and under $130Total..

2
4
5
4
8
11
10
9
4
15
21
19
10
7
14
3
2
5
2
1
25

20

23

57

156

Group 2 (11 potteries):
$2.5 Cand under $5...
$5 and under $7.50....
$10 and under $12.50.
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$85 and under $90___
$90 and under $95___
$100 and under $110..

12
9
10
9
2
5
4
6
3
1
12

^otaL .

24

15

12

87

Group 3 (18 potteries):
$10 and under $12.50..
$12.50 and under $15..
$15 and under $20___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90___
$90 and under $95___
$95 and under $100...
$100 and under $110..
$110 and under $120..
Total..




1
1
1
2
2
12
11
18
21
25
11
23
26
15
22
6
7
2
4
1
20

20

21

37

37

38

24

GENERAL TABLES

67

F .—SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con.

T a b le

Occupation, sex, geographical group,
and classified earnings in two
weeks

Number of emp yees in each earnings group working on each sped*
fied number of days in two weeks
14 Total

j i g g e r m e n —c o n t i n u e d

Group 4 (3 potteries):
$15 and under $20$25 and under $30..
$30 and under $35..
$40 and under $45_.
$45 and under $50..
$50 and under $55..
$55 and under $60..
$60 and under $65..
$65 and under $70..
$70 and under $75..
$75 and under $80..
$130 and over.........
19

Total..
KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE

Group 1 (11 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50................. .
$12.50 and under $15...............
$20 and under $25....................
$25 and under $30....................
$30 and under $35....................
$40 and under $45....................
$45 and under $50....................
$50 and under $55...................
$55 and under $60..... ............
$60 and under $65...................
$65 and under $70....................
$70 and under $75.................. .
$75 and under $80....................
$80 and under $85.................. .
$90 and under $95....................
$95 and under $100................. .
Total..

5
2
14
4
*
2

Group 2 (11 potteries):
$7.50 and under $10$35 and under $40__
$40 and under $45__
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55__
$55 and under $60—
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
34

Total. .
Group 3 (18 potteries):
$7.50 and under $10..
$25 and under $30___
$35 and under $40—
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65—
$65 and under $70___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90___
$90 and under $95___
$95 and under $100—
$100 and under $110..
Total____________




1
3
4
5
7
1
9
8
4
11
8
3
5
3
4
1

15

18

6

20

76

68

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

F .— SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con.

T a b le

Occupation, sex, geographical group,
and classified earnings in two
weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci­
fied number of days in two weeks
7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 Total

KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE— COn.

Group 4 (3 potteries):
$30 and under $35.......................
$35 and under $40.......................
$50 and under $55— ................
$55 and under $60.......................
$75 and under $80.......... .......... .
10

Total..
Group 5 (3 potteries):
$60 and under $65—
$65 and under $70—
$70 and under $75__
$80 and under $85__
$95 and under $100...
$100 and under $110$110 and under $1202

Total..

4

Group 5 (3 potteries):
$40 and under $45—
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55—
$55 and under $60__
$60 and under $65—
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80__
$80 and under $85__
$85 and under $90—
$90 and under $95...
$95 and under $100—
$100 and under $110..
$120 and under $130Total..

16

KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST,
MALE

Cfffkip 1 (11 potteries):
Under $2.50...............
$2.50 and under $5...
$5 and under $7.50...
$7.50 and under $10..
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75—
Total..

11
11
11
11
2
5
14

10

17

20

19

Group 2 (11 potteries):
Under $2.50_______ __________
$2.50 and under $5.................
$5 and under $7.50.................
$7.50 and under $10...............
$10 and under $12.50..............
$12.50 and under $15..............
$15 and under $20..................
$25 and under $30..................
$30 and under $35__________
$35 and under $40..................
$60 and under $65..................

Total..




108

2
24
5
10
7
8
20

15

80

69

GENERAL TABLES

F .— SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con.

T a b le

Occupation, sex, geographical group,
and classified earnings in two
weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci­
fied number of days in two weeks
1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 Total

KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST,
m a l e — c o n tin u e d

Group 3 (18 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5...
$5 and under $7.60__
$7.50 and under $10..
$10 and under $12.50.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90___
$90 and under $95___
TotalGroup 4 (3 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50—
$10 and under $12.50.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30,—
$30 and under $35___
$40 and under $45...^
$45 and under $50___
$55 and under $60___
$75 and under $80___
TotalGroup 5 (3 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5 ...
$5 and under $7.50..
$10 and under $12.50.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$50 and under $55___
$60 and under $65___
$70 and under $75___
Total-

4

7
5
5
3
9
22

33

35

12 | 15

23
20
16
3
15
6
6
3
1
1
2
1
152
7
2
2
1
1
2
6
12
1
1

10

1
1
2
1
2
7
1
5
3
1
3
4
31

10

KILN PLACERS, GLOST, MALE

Group 1 (11 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50__
$10 and under $12.50..
$12.50 and under $15..
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$65 and under $90..^..
Total..




1
1
1
3
1
2
2
10
1
4
2
11
17
29
29
22

10
12
1

5

11

7

25

57

25

19

158

70

th e

p o t t e r y in d u s tr y

F .— SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con.

T a b le

Occupation, sex, geographical group,
and classified earnings in two
weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci­
fied number of days in two weeks
10

12

14 Total

KILN PLACERS, GLOST, MALE— COntd.

Group 2 (10 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50............ .........
$12.50 and under $15...................
$20 and under $25.......................
$30 and under $35.................... .
$35 and under $40.......................
$40 and under $45.......................
$45 and under $50....................
$50 and under $55.......................
$55 and under $60.....................
$60 and under $65.......................
$65 and under $70.......................
$75 fend under $80.......................
$80 and under $85.......................
Total........................................
Group 3 (18 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5__
$7.50 and under $10.
$15 and under $20—
$20 and under $25—
$25 and under $30—
$30 and under $35.. _
$35 and under $40—
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55—
$55 and under $60...
$60 and under $65—
$65 and under $70...
$70 and under $75—
$75 and under $80...
$80 and under $85—
$85 and under $90—
$90 and under $95...
Total....................
Group 4 (3 potteries):
$7.50 and under $10 .
$25 and under $30—
$35 and under $40...
$40 and under $45. .
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55...
$70 and under $75...
$75 and under $80—_
Total..... ..............
Group 5 (3 potteries):
$45 and under $50___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$80 and under $85___
$90 and under $95— .
$100 and under $110...
$110 and under $120...
Total...................... .

5
1
13
13
2
_64
1
2
1
1
4
2
3
1
7
26
17
33
30
15
16
8
12

38

22

32

173

23

t r a n s f e r r e r s , d e c a l c o m a n ia a n d

PRINT, FEMALE

Group 1 (11 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50....... ............
$7.50 and under $10...................
$10 and under $12.50.................
$12.50 and under $15.................
$15 and under $20.....................
$20 and under $25.....................
$25 and under $30_____ ______
$30 and under $35......................
$35 and under $40......................
$40 and under $45......................
$45 and under $50.....................
$50 and under $55......................
$55 and under $60......................
$60 and under $65......................
$65 and under $70......................
$70 and under $75.....................
$75 and under $80......................
Total......................................




26

37

38

96

1
1
2
56

5
3
2
9
16
44
. 51
50
27
27
20
6
8
3
3
1
2
277

71

GENERAL TABLES

F .—SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX
AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E —Con.

T a b le

Occupation, sex, geographical group,
and classified earnings in two
weeks

Number of employees in each earnings group working on each spedfied number of days in two weeks
2

3

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14 Total

TRANSFERRERS, DECALCOMANIA AND
p r in t , f e m a l e — co n tin u e d

Group 2 (11 potteries):
$2.60 and under $5....
$5 and under $7.60__
$7.50 and under $10.
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15_
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35----$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60----$60 and under $65----$70 and under $75___
Total..

2
1
2
4
7
11
18
26
18
31
16
12
14
3
2
1
10

24

49

38

Group 3 (18 potteries):
Under $2.50_________
$2.50 and under $5__
$5 and under $7.50__
$7.50 and under $10.
$10 and under $12.50$12.50 and under $15..
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35.....
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$55 and under $60___

168
3

11

6
14
7
24
52
117
56
10
4
1

Total..
Group 4 (3 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50__
$7.50 and under $10-.
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
29

Total..
Group 5 (3 potteries):
Under $2.50.— ..........
$2.50 and under $5—
$5 and under $7.50__
$10 and under $12.50..
$12.50 and under $15..
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$60 and under $55___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
Total-




1
2
2
4
3
17
8
7
6
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
13

27

61

72

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS; 1925, BY
SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —
Continued

T a b le

[Geographical groups are defined on p. 32]

Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Occupation, sex, g e o g r a p h ic a l
group, and classified earnings 4H
18 27 36
in two weeks
and and and and and
un­
un­ un­
der der
der
9
36 45

45 54 63 72
and and and and
un­ un­ un­ un­
der der der der
54 63 72 81

81 90
108
and and and and 117
un­ un­ un­ un­ and To­
der der der der over tal
90
108 117

JIGGER MEN

Group 1 (11 potteries):
$15 and under $20—
$20 and under $25—
$25 and under $30—
$30 and under $35—
$35 and under $40—
$40 and under $45—
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55—
$55 and under $60—
$60 and under $65—
$65 and under $70—
$70 and under $75—
$75 and under $80—
$80 and under $85—
$85 and under $90—
$90 and under $95—
$95 and under $100...
$100 and under $110..
$110 and under $120..
$120 and under $130..

2
4
5
4
8
11
10

9
4
15
21

19

10

7
12
5
4
3
2
1

Total..

17

12

26

36

27

156

Group 2 (11 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5__
$5 and under $7.50__
$10 and under $12.50.
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30----$30 and under $35----$35 and under $40----$40 and under $45----$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60----$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70----$70 and under $75----$75 and under $80___
$85 and under $90----$90 and under $95___
$100 and under $110..
Total..

12

9
10
9
2
5
4
6
3
.1

5

11

5

19

87

14

Group 3 (18 potteries):
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90___
$90 and under $95___
$95 and under $100—
$100 and under $110..
$110 and under $120Total..




1
1
1
2
2

12
11
18
21
25
11

23
26
15
22

6
7
2
4
1
25

35

32

28

6

211

73

GENERAL TABLES

G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN­
INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY
SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —
Continued

T a b le

Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Occupation, sex, geographical
group, and classified earnings 4H
in two weeks
and
un­
der

jig g e r

m en—

9 18 27
and and and
un­ un­ un­
der der der
18 27 36

36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108
and and and and and and and and and 117
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and To­
der der der der der der der der der over tal
45 54
72 81 90
108 117

c o n t in u e d

Group 4 (3 potteries):
$15 and under $20..
$25 and under $30..
$30 and under $35..
$40 and under $45..
$45 and under $50-.
$50 and under $55..
$55 and under $60..
$60 and under $65..
$65 and under $70..
$70 and under $75..
$75 and under $80..
$130 and over.........
19

Total..
Group 5 (3 potteries):
$40 and under $45__
$45 and under $50__
$50 and under $55.....
$55 and under $60__
•$60 and under $65__
$70 and under $75__
$75 and under $80__
$80 and under $85__
$85 and under $90__
$90 and under $95__
$95 and under $100...
$100 and under $110..
$120 and under $130..
Total..
KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE

Group 1 (11 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50-_.
$12.50 and under $15.
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$90 and under $95...
$95 and under $100...,
Total..
Group 2 (11 potteries):
$7.50 and under $10.
$35 and under $40....
$40 and under $45....
$45 and under $50__
$50 and under $55....
$55 and under $60....
$60 and under $65....
$65 and under $70....
$70 and under $75....
$75 and under $80___.
$80 and under $85....
Total..




5
2
14
4
8
2
3
3
17

11
1
6
4

1
2
1
1
9
3
4
2
34

74

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

G .— CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN­
INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY
SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —
Continued

T a b le

Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Occupation, sex,
geographical
9 18 27
group, and classified earnings
and and and and
in two weeks
un­ un­ un­ un­
der der der der
18 27 36

45 54
and and and
un­
der
45

63 72 81 90 99 108
and and and and and and 117
un­ un­ un­ and To­
un­
der
der der der over tal
72
108 117

KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE— COn.

Group 3 ( _________
$7.60 and under $10.
$25 and under $30__
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55__
$55 and under $60__
$60 and under $65....
$65 and under $70__
$75 and under $80__
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90___
$90 and under $95___
$95 and under $100...
$100 and under $110-

4
11

Total.

76

Group 4 (3 potteries):
$30 and under $35..
$35 and under $40..
$50 and under $55..
$55 and under $60..
$75 and under $80_.
Total.
Group 5 (3 potteries):
$60 and under $65__
$65 and under $70__
$70 and under $75....
$80 and under $85__
$95 and under $100._.
$100 and under $110..
$110 and under $120..
Total..
KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST,
MALE

Group 1 (11 potteries):
Under $2.50................
$2.50 and under $5__
$5 and under $7.50__
$7.50 and under $10...
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___

Total..




1
5
6
9
11
11
11
11
2
5
10

10

15

11

19

108

75

GENERAL TABLES

G .— CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY
SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —
Continued

T a b le

Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Occupation, sex,
geographical
18 27 36 45 54 63 72
group, and classified earnings 4M
and and and and and and and and a n d
in two weeks
un­ u n ­
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­
der der der der der
der d e r
18 27
45
72 81

81 90
and and a n d
un­ un­ u n ­
der der d e r
108
90

108
and 117
un­ a n d To­
der over tal
117

KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST,
m a l e — c o n tin u e d

Group 2 (11 potteries):
Under $2.50............... .
$2.50 and under $5—
$5 and under $7.50—
$7.50 and under $10..
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$60 and under $65___
Total..

1
6
2

6
9
2
24
5
10
7
8
22

80

20

Group 3 (18 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5__
$5 and under $7.50__
$7.50 and under $10.
$10 and under $12.50..
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
,$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90___
$90 and under $95___
Total..

4
7
5
5
3
9
22

23
20

16
3
15
6
6

3
1
1
2

1

27

31

152

29

Group 4 (3 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50...
$10 and under $12.50$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$55 and under $60___
$75 and under $80___

7
2
2
1
1
2
6
12

1
1

35

Total..
Group 5 (3 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5__
$5 and under $7.50__
$10 and under $12.50.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25..^.
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40----$40 and under $45___
$50 and under $55___
$60 and under $65___
$70 and under $75___
Total-




1
1
2
1
2
7
1
5
3
1
3
4
12

3 | 1

.!

31

76

th e

p o t t e e y in d u s t r y

G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN­
INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY
SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—SEMIVITRlSOTTS W A R E —
Continued

T a b le

Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Occupation, sex,
geographical
group, and classified earnings 4'A 9 18 27 I 36 45
and and and and and and
in two weeks
un­ un­ un­ un- un­ un­
der der der der der der
18 27 36 45 54

54 63 72 81 90
and and and and and
un- un­ un­ un­ un­
d«r der der der der
72 81 90

1108
and and 117
-un un­ and To­
der der over tal
108 117

KILN PLACERS, GLOST, HALE

Group 1 (11 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50—
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70----$70 and under $75___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___
$85 and under $90___
Total .

1
1
1
3
1
2
2
10

1
4
2
11
17
29
29
22
10
12
2

158

12

Group 2 (10 potteries:)
$5 and under $7.50...
$12.50 and under $15.
$20 and under $25___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$75 and under $80___
$80 and under $85___

1
13
13
2
17

Total..

64

20

Group 3 (18 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5—
$7.50 and under $10.
$15 and under $20...
$20 and under $25...
$25 and under $30—
$30 and under $35—
$35 and under $40—.
$45 and under $50...
$50 and under $55—
$55 and under $60—
$60 and under $65—
$65 and under $70—
$70 and under $75—
$75 and under $80—
$80 and under $85...
$85 and under $90—
$90 and under $95—
Total..




....

3

18

40

32

50

4

11 | 8

1
2
1
1
4
2
3
1
7
26
17
33
30
15
16
8
6
173

77

GENERAL TABLES

T able G .— CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN­
INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY
SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —
Continued
Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Occupation, sex,
geographical
group, and classified earnings 4M 9 18 27 36 45 54
and and and and and and and
in two weeks
un­ nu- un­ un­ un­ un­ un­
der der der der der der d e r
9 18 27 36 45 54

108
72 81 90
and and and and and and 117
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ u n ­ and To­
der der der der der der over tal
108 117
72 81 90

KILN FLACEBS, GLOST, MALE— COn.

Group 4 (3 potteries):
$7.50 and under $10.
$25 and under $30....
$35 and under $40__.
$40 and under $4£._..
$45 and under $50—
$50 and under $55...
$70 and under $75—
$75 and under $80—
Total..
Group 5 (3 potteries):
$45 and under $50___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___
$80 and under $85__
$90 and under $95—
$100 and under $110..
$110 and under $120..
Total..

23

10

TRANSFERRERS, DECALCOMANIA AND
PRINT, FEMALE

Group 1 (11 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50...
$7.50 and under $10..
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20-----

5
3
2

9
16

44

$20 and under $25-----

51
50
27
27
20

$25 and under $30----$30 and under $35----$35 and under $40----$40 and under $45----$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60----$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70----$70 and under $75----$75 and under $80----Total..

86315°—26----- G




6
8

3
3
1

2

7

8

13

27

42

46

56

277

t h e p o t t e r y in d u s t r y

78

G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY
SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —
Continued

T a b le

Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours
of work in two weeks were—
Occupation, sex,
geographical 4 ^
18 27 36 45 54
group, and classified earnings and
and and'and and and and
in two weeks
un­ un­
un­ un­
der der
der der
18
54 63

63 72 81 90
and and and and
nn- un­ un­ un­
der der der der
72 81 90

108
and and 117
un­ un­ and To­
der der over tal
108 117

t r a n s f e r r e r s , d e c a l c o m a n ia a n d
p r i n t , f e m a l e —-continued
Group 2 (11 potteries):
$2.50 and under $5......................
$5 and under $7.50___
$7.50 and under $10..
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20—
$20 and under $25----$25 and under $30----$30 and under $35----$35 and under $40—
$40 and under $45—
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$55 and under $60—
$60 and under $65---$70 and under $75—

1
2
2
4
7

11

18
26
18
31
16
12
14
3

2
1

31

Total..
Group 3 (18 potteries):
Under $2.50...............
$2.50 and under $5—
$5 and under $7.50__
$7.50 and under $10
$10 and under $12.50$12.50 and under $15_
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25---$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35....
$35 and under $40---$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$55 and under $60----

3

6

14
7
24
52
96
86

117
56
10

4
1

13

14

24

33

47

72

64

487

jlIjl

29

78 118

Total..
Group 5 (3 potteries):
Under $2.50— ............
$2.50 and under $5....
$5 and under $7.50__
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25___
$25 and under $30___
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___
$45 and under $50___
$50 and under $55___
$60 and under $65___
$65 and under $70___
$70 and under $75___




168
11

Total..
Group 4 (3 potteries):
$5 and under $7.50...
$7.50 and under $10._
$10 and under $12.50.
$12.50 and under $15.
$15 and under $20___
$20 and under $25—
$25 and under $30—
$30 and under $35___
$35 and under $40___
$40 and under $45___

Total..

40

1

2
2

4
3
17

8
7
6
2
3
2
1
1
1
1

1

5

9

16

19 | 2

INDEX NUMBERS OF PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT

79

INDEX NUMBERS OF PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT, 1923
TO 1925
The number of glost kilns is the standard unit of production in the
pottery industry in the United States. The amount earned each
pay period by the wage earners during a specified period of time also
tends to indicate the general trend of business and employment during
that period.
To obtain an index of production and thus be able to show approxi­
mately the trend of conditions in the pottery industry, the bureau
obtained the number of glost kilns drawn each month and the
amount of the pay rolls for two weeks ending nearest the 15th of each
month, January, 1923, to September, 1925, whenever available, from
the records of each of the potteries included in the study.
Index numbers of kilns drawn and of pay roll totals have been com­
puted, with the January, 1923, figures as the base, or 100 per cent, and
are presented in Table 1 1 . The index numbers for semivitreous
ware show a general downward trend during the period, #anuary,
1923, to September, 1925, the trend of pay roll being less marked than
that for kilns 4rawn except in July, 1924 and 1925, when according to
statements of company officials and others well informed as to con­
ditions in the industry, more potteries than usual were closed at this
time of year. It is the general practice to close the semivitreous
potteries near the end of June for about 10 days or two weeks for
the annual vacation and for repairs. The aggregate amount of the
pay rolls for the two weeks ending nearest the 15th of July, 1924 and
1925, was much less than that for the same period in July, 1923, and
considerably less than that for the same period in other months.
Consequently the index numbers for July are lower than those for
other months. The index numbers for the pay rolls in July, 1924 and
1925, were influenced to a greater extent than those for glost kilns
drawn because the entire effect of the closing was spread over the
first half of the month for the pay rolls and over the entire month for
glost kilns. The fact that the data for glost kilns drawn are for a
month while the pay rolls are for only two weeks in the month is
undoubtedly largely responsible for the difference between the index
number of the two series.
Index numbers for vitreous ware show a small downward trend in
the number of glost kilns drawn between January, 1923, and Sep­
tember, 1925, and an increase in the amount of the pay rolls. As
stated above in regard to semivitreous ware, the difference in the trend
of index numbers for glost kilns and for pay rolls may be due to the
fact that the data for glost kilns are for the whole month while the
data for the pay rolls are for two weeks ending nearest the 15th of
each month. The trend is a direct verification of statements of
officials of vitreous potteries, who in discussing conditions made
little or no complaint as to business conditions.
In the present study pay-roll data were not obtained for a full
month because the bureau has for several years been receiving from
a majority of the potteries covered in this study reports as to the
number of employees and the amount of the pay roll for. the pay
period ending nearest the 15th of each month. Having the pay-roll
data for so many it seemed inadvisable to go through old records to
get full-month figures as to pay rolls. With this limitation, the




80

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

trend of pay-roll figures through the 33-month period fairly represents
conditions in the industry. No wage adjustments of any importance
were made during the period covered.
T able 11.—IN D E X N U M BERS OF PRODU CTION A N D OF E M P L O Y M E N T JANUARY,
1923, TO SE PTE M B E R, 1925, BY M ONTHS
[January, 1923=100.0]

Index numbers

Index numbers

Year and month

Semivitreous

Vitreous

Year and month

1924
January...
February..
March......
April.........
M ay.........

100.0

94.5
114.6
107.7
114.4
109.3
84.8
110.8

100.0

103.6
105.3
111.9
112.1
111.2
87.0
109.6

100.0

96.2
111.5
106.4
106.4
109.0
91.0
102.6

100.0
102.8
112.2

114.1
115.6
120.5
108.6
120.6

108.0
112.7
112.4
97.6

110.2

114.5
119.3
122.9

103.9
114.1
109.0
107.7

125.2
132.1
129.3
138.9

112.1

111.6
122.5
123.8
124.2
120.9

111.5
105.1
118.0
119.0
118.0

136.5
140.1
138.9
142.5
139.0

114.2
118.7
115.6
116.5

Vitreous

Glost Amount Glost Amount
kilns of pay kilns of pay
drawn rolls
drawn rolls

Glost Amount Glost Amount
kilns
kilns
of pay
lfsy drawn rolls
drawn °rfoP
1923
January. _.
February..
March......
April........
May..........
June..........
July..........
August___
September.
O ctober...
November.
December.

Semivitreous

1924
June..........
July..........
August___
September.
October__
November.
December .

102.0
71.3
94.9
91.7
93.4
81.6
81.5

1925
January...
February..
March.......
April.........
May..........
June..........
July..........
August___
September.

96.4
99.2
95.8
93.8
83.3
64.6
87.4
87.8

110.8

114.9

102.1

90.4
103.4

100.7
103.7
90.5
94.6

138.8
108.2
124.7
127.1
122.7
125.7
124.5

94.4
107.6
108.9
104.8
100.4
91.1
46.7
97.6
92.6

77.3
83.4
93.6
95.6
85.4
101.7
87.5
84.4
94.6

117.4
120.7
121.9
116.8
116.6
121.3
106.9
122.2
117.5

62.2
100.4
99.2

LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS
SEMIVITREOUS WARE

The pottery industry is subject to losses during the process of
manufacture, from the forming of the clay until the ware is packed
for shipment. The ware has many chances of being broken during
its course throughout the factory, and it may be spoiled in the kiln
by cracking, by warping, or by kiln dirt.
The majority of potteries keep more or less of a record of losses as
the ware passes through the kilns, and some few have records of
losses in addition to those at the kilns. The kiln losses are measured
by weight, by dozen, or by list price, with prevalence of method in
the order named. Some potteries use two or all three of these meth­
ods. A very few potteries, having no records as to kiln losses, gave
estimates, but such estimates are not here considered, though the
estimates all fell well within the range of the recorded figures.
Of the 46 semivitreous potteries covered, 36 reported the per­
centage of broken bisque ware. The average loss, without regard
to the size of the several potteries, was 5.9 per cent, distributed as
follows:
Broken bisque ware
Potteries

3 and under 4 per cent____________________________________
4 and under 5 per cent___________________________________
5 and under 6 per cent___________________________________
6 and under 7 per cent___________________________ ________
7 and under 8 per cent___________________________________
9 and under 10 per cent___ _______________________________
10 and under 11 per cent__ 1______________________________



5
8
9
5
5
1
3

81

LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS

Losses at the glost kilns are generally recognized as of two kinds—
lump and broken ware and “ thirds.” There seems to be no standard
or uniform system of sorting ware in the industry as a whole, the
standard of one pottery not being exactly the same as that of another.
Broken ware is what the name implies. Lump is ware so warped
or cracked or otherwise damaged by kiln fixing that, if sold, it would
hardly bring enough to pay the cost of loading onto cars for ship­
ment. “ Thirds” is ware warped or otherwise damaged, but salable
at a very low price. As indicated, there is an indefinite zone between
lump and thirds, and also an indefinite zone between thirds and the
next higher grade of ware.
The unweighted average for the 29 semivitreous potteries which
had actual records of the percentage of lump and broken ware was
4.1 per cent. The number of potteries having each specified percent­
age of loss from lump and broken ware combined was as follows:
L u m p a n d b rok en w are

Potteries

1 and under 2 per cent-----------------------------------------------------2 and under 3 per cent________ ___________________________
3 and under 4 per cent___________________________________
4 and under 5 per cent___________________________________
5 and under 6 per cent___________________________________
6 and under 7 per cent-----------------------------------------------------7 and under 8 per cent__ _________________________________
9 and under 10 per cent__________________________________
10 and under 11 per cent_________________________________
15 and under 16 per cent_________________________________

1
12
6
2
1
3
1
1
1
1

Loss from thirds averaged (unweighted) 20.6 per cent for the 29
semivitreous potteries reporting from records. The number of
potteries having each specified percentage of loss on account of thirds
was as follows:
T h ir d s

Potteries

Under 15 per cent------------------------------------------------------------15 and under 20 per cent_________________________________
20 ancj under 25 per cent_________________________________
25 and under 30 per cent__________ _______________________
30 and under 35 per cent_________________________________

3
11
7
6
2

Loss of broken and defective ware at the decorating kiln is small.
The average loss without regard to size of potteries was 1.4 per cent
for the 22 semivitreous potteries for which figures as to losses were
reported, classified as follows:
B r o k e n a n d d e fe c tiv e w a r e a t d e c o r a tin g k iln s

Potteries

Under one-half of 1 per cent______________________________ __ 2
One-half of 1 per cent and under 1 per cent________________ __ 8
1 and under 2 per cent_____________________ ______________ __ 7
2 and under 3 per cent___________________________________ ___1
3 and under 4 per cent________ ______________ ____________ __ 2
4 and under 5 per cent___________________________________ __ 1
5 and under 6 per cent__ 1________________________________ __ 1
In semivitreous potteries a kiln day is at this time 200 cubic feet of
space in bisque kilns and 112 in glost kilns. A t the time of the study
the number of kilns placed and drawn in two weeks and the capacity
in cubic feet was obtained. The time worked by the placers (includ­
ing bench bosses and pin boys at glost kilns and bench bosses at
bisque kilns) and by drawers (including the drawing bosses) in the




82

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

same pay period was also obtained. From those figures the number
of one-man hours necessary to place a kiln day and to draw 1,000
cubic feet of kiln space were computed. The unweighted average
one-man hours required to perform a kiln day of bisque placing in the
46 semivitreous potteries covered in the study was 3.1, distributed as
follows:
Time of placing a kiln day in bisque kilns
Potteries

2 and under 2 % hours__________________________________
2 % and under 3 hours__________ _______________________
3 and under
hours__________________________________
V /i and under
hours________________________________
3 % and under 4 hours__________________________________
4 and under 4J^ hours__________________________________

11
5
21
5
2
2

The average hours per kiln day in glost placing do not differ
materially from those in bisque placing. The unweighted average per
kiln day of glost-kiln placing in 45 oi the 46 plants covered was 3.4
hours, distributed as follows:
Time of placing a kiln day in glost kilns
Potteries

2 and under 2 % hours__________________________________
2 % and under 3 hours__________________________________
3 and under 3J£ hours__________________________________
3 and under 3 ^ hours__________________________ _____
3H> and under 3 % hours_______________________________
3% and under 4 hours__________________________________
4 and under 434 hours__________________________________
4MS and under 4% hours_______________________________

2
6
14
5
9
3
3
3

As a rule the same crew draws both the bisque and the glost kilns.
An effort was made to obtain figures for each kind of drawing, but
this was so difficult to get that satisfactory separation could not be
made in the study. In some plants odd men do drawing or are used
at times to complete the make-up of a drawing crew. The number of
cubic feet of bisque and of glost kiln space drawn in the pay period
were obtained. From these figures and the time worked in the pay
period covered the average hours of drawing 1,000 cubic feet of bisque
and of glost kiln space combined in the several potteries have been
computed. The unweighted average time consumed in drawing 1,000
cubic feet by the 43 semivitreous potteries from which satisfactory
figures were obtained was 10.6 one-man hours, distributed by potteries
as follows:
Time of drawing 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space
Potteries

6 and under 7 hours_________________________________________1
7 and under 8 hours___________________________________3
8 and under 9 hours____________________________________ _____9
9 and under 10 hours___________________________________ _____9
10 and under 11 hours_______________________________________9
11 and under 12 hours_______________________________________3
12 and under 13 hours_______________________________________2
13 and under 14 hours_________________ ________________ _____2
14 and under 15 hours_______________________________________1
15 and under 16 hours_______________________________________1
16 and under 17 hours_______________________________________1
17 and under 18 hours_______________________________________1
21 and under 22 hours______ ________________________________1
There are two distinct types of kilns in the pottery industry. One
is the general type known as the beehive or periodic kiln, where practi­




83

LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS

cally all the placing is paid for on the kiln-day basis, and the other, of
which there are very few, is known as the tunnel kiln, where kiln
placing is paid for at hourly rates.
Average days on which employees worked and average hours and
earnings are shown in Table 12 for 197 bisque placers, of which 188
worked at kiln-day rates at periodic kilns and 9 worked at tunnel
kilns at hourly rates; 393 glost placers at periodic kilns, of which 381
were at kiln-day rates and 12 at hourly rates; and 39 placers who were
employed at tunnel glost kilns at hourly rates.
T able 13.—AVERAGE DAYS ON W HICH EM PLOYEES W ORKED

IN 2 W EEKS AND
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS OF BISQUE AND GLOST KILN PLACERS, BY T YPE
OF KILN AN D UNIT OF PAY—SEMIVITREOUS WARE

Occupation and type of kiln

Bisque-kiln placers:
Periodic kiln __________________
Tunnel kiln____ ________________
Glost-kiln placers:
Periodic________________________
D o .............................................
Tunnel__________________ ____
Total glost-kiln placers paid by
the hour1........... ...... ................

Unit of
pay

Num­ Num­
ber of ber of
pot­ plac­
teries ers

Aver­
age
days

Average
hours
worked

Average earnings

ed in In
In
Per two
Per
two
weeks two start weeks
start
weeks

Per
hour

Kiln day..
Hour

45
1

188
9

8.9
12.0

58.5
85.5

6.6 $62.15 $7.00
7.1 76.75 6.40

Kiln day..
Hour____
Hour.___

41
2
2

381
12
39

8.9
9.3
10.9

60.4
70.1
76.6

6.8
7.5
7.0

64.49
63.11
68.94

7.23
6.76
6.33

1.07
.90
.90

4

51

10.5

75.1

7.1

67.57

6.42

.90

$1,063
.90

i This total is given in order that comparison may be made between averages for employees paid hourly
rates and those for employees paid kiln-day rates.

The average per cent of ware broken at bisque kilns, and of ware
sorted as thirds and as lump and broken at glost kilns, are shown in
Table 13 for potteries reporting as to these losses, classified by type
of kiln (periodic or tunnel) and as to whether placing and drawing
are paid for at piece or time rates.
T able 1 3 .—AVERAGE PER CENT OF BROKEN BISQUE, THIRDS, AND LUMP AND

BROKEN W ARE, FOR BISQUE AND GLOST KILNS, BY TYPE OF KILN AND M ETHOD
OF PA YM E N T FOR PLACING AND DRAW IN G—SEMIVITREOUS WARE
Average per cent of—
Kind and type of kiln

Placing paid
for as—

Num­
Drawing paid ber of
for as—
pot­
teries

Bisque kilns:
Periodic.......................... ......................... Piecework___ Piecework___
Do...........................- .......................... ....... do............ Timework___
Tunnel . _ _________________________ Timework___ ....... do............
Glost kilns:
Periodic_____ __ ____________________ Piecework___ Piecework__
D o.................. ................................— ....... do........ . Timework__
Do...................................................... Timework___ Piecework__
Tunnel_____________________________ ....... do........... Timework__
Do.................... -........... — ................ ....... do........... Piecework___

33
2
1
25
1
1
1
1

Lump
Bro­
and
ken Thirds broken
bisque
ware

5.9
4.5
3.8
20.6
28.0
20.0
12.0
23.5

4.4
2.0
2.0
2.5
3.5

The average one-man hours required to place a kiln day in bisque
and glost kilns, for each type of kiln and for timework and piecework,
are shown in Table 14.




84
T

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

1 4 —AVERAGE ONE-MAN HOURS PER KILN DA Y IN PLACING, FOR BISQUE AND
GLOST KILNS, BY TYPE OF KILN AND M ETH OD OF P A Y M E N T FOR PLACIN G—
SEMIVITREOUS WARE

able

Kind and type of kiln

Bisque kilns:
Periodic___________________________________________________
Tunnel.......................................................... ....................... ..........
Glost kilns:
Periodic____________ _______________________________________
Do................. ............................................................................
Tunnel............ ............................. ...................................... .............

Placing paid
for as—

Number
of pot­
teries

Average
one-man
lours per
kiln day

Piecework__
Timework__

45
1

3.1
4.2

Piecework__
Timework__
____ do______

41
2
2

3.3
4.5
3.9

The average number of one-man hours consumed in drawing 1,000
cubic feet of kiln space are presented in Table 15 for each type of
kiln (periodic or tunnel) and for potteries in which drawing is paid
for by cubic feet, by car, or at an hourly rate. No separate figures
are shown for bisque or for glost kiln drawing, as one crew usually
does the drawing from both kinds of kilns. The great majority of the
potteries covered in the study did not keep separate hours for bisque
and for glost drawing, and therefore figures relating to drawing
mean the one-man hours spent in drawing 1,000 cubic feet of bisque
and glost ware combined.
T

able

15.—AVERAGE ONE-MAN HOURS IN D R A W IN G 1,000 CUBIC FEET OF KILN
SPACE, B Y T YPE OF KILN AND UNIT OF PA Y—SEMIVITREOUS WARE

Type of kiln

Unit of
pay

Average
Num­ one-man
hours of
ber of
drawing
potter­ 1,000
cubic
ies
feet of kiln
space

100 cubic
feet.
Do .......................................................................................................
Tunnel kilns..____________________________________________________ Car...........
Do ....................................................................................................... Hour____
Periodic kilns_______________________________________________ _____

39

10.2

2
1
1

19.4
8.6
9.5

VITREOUS WARE
Seven vitreous potteries reported as to broken bisque. The un­
weighted average was 10.2 per cent, distributed as follows:
B r o k e n b isq u e w a re

Potteries

6 and under 7 per cent_________________________________ ____ 1
9 and under 10 per cent________________________________ ____ 2
10 and under 11 per cent------------------------------------------------------- 3
15 and under 16 per cent_______________________________ ____ 1
The unweighted average per cent of lump and broken ware at the
glost kilns in these potteries was 1.7, distributed as follows:
L u m p a n d b rok en w are

Under 1 per cent__ - ___________________________________
1 and under 2 per cent________________________ _________
3 and under 4 per cent---------------------------------------------------




Potteries

3
2
2

85

LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS

One of the seven potteries reported no thirds. The unweighted
per cent of thirds in tne six vitreous potteries reporting having thirds
was 12.4, distributed as follows:
Thirds
Potteries

Under 10 per cent______________________________________
10 and under 15 per cent_______________________________
15 and under 20 per cent_______________________________

2
3
1

Two of the seven potteries reported having no decorating kilns.
The unweighted average per cent of broken and defective ware at
the decorating kilns in the five plants reporting a loss was 1 . 0, distrib­
uted as follows:
Broken and defective ware at decorating kilns
Potteries

One-half and under 1 per cent__________________________
1 per cent___________________________ _________________
lJ^S and under 2 per cent_______________________________

2
2
1

In vitreous potteries a kiln day at the bisque kiln is 161 cubic feet
and at the glost kiln 130 cubic feet. All of the vitreous potteries
studied operated periodic kilns. Five potteries paid piece rates for
both placing and drawing ware. One paid time rates for placing
and drawing and one paid piece rates for placing and time rates for
drawing.
Average days on which employees worked and average hours and
earnings for bisque and glost kiln placers, classified by unit of pay,
are presented in Table 16.
T able 16.—AVERAGE DAYS ON W HICH EM PLOYEES W ORKED IN 2 W EEKS AND
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS OP BISQUE AN D GLOST KILN PLACERS, BY
T YPE OF KILN AND UNIT OF PA Y—VITREOUS W ARE

Occupation and type of kiln

Unit of
pay

Num­ Num­
ber of ber of
pot­ plac­
teries ers

Average
Aver­
hours
Average earnings
age
worked
days
work­
ed in In
In
two two Per
Per
Per
two start
weeks weeks
start weeks
hour

PERIODIC KILNS

Bisque-kiln placers................................ Kiln day..
Hour........
Glost-kiln placers................................... Kiln day..
Do.................................................... Hour........

6
1
6
1

63
5
63
10

9.5
11.4
10.0
11.3

60.4
94.3
67.8
93.7

6.4 $63.12 $6.67
8.3 62.44 5.48
6.8 69.79 6.96
8.3 62.09 5.49

$1,044
.662
1.030
.663

In Table 17 is shown the average per cent of broken bisque, thirds,
and lump and broken ware for timework and piecework in bisque
and glost kilns.




86
T

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

17.—AVERAGE PER CENT OF BROKEN BISQUE, THIRDS, AND LUM P AND
BROKEN W ARE, FOR BISQUE AND GLOST KILNS, BY T Y P E OF KILN AND M ETH OD
OF PA YM E N T FOR PLACING AND D RAW IN G—VITREOUS W ARE

able

Kind and type of kiln

Placing
paid for

Drawing
paid for

Average per cent of—
Num­
ber
Lump
of
pot­ Broken
and
teries bisque Thirds broken
ware

PERIODIC KILNS

Bisque kilns..
D o """I

Piecework.,
Piecework..
.do..
Timework..
Timework__ ....... do........

Total..
Glost kilns..
Do_____
D o.........

9.2
10.0

15.5
10.2

Piecework.
Piecework. _
___ d o .....
Timework..
Timework__ ....... d o........

Total..

12.3
0)
13.0

1.4
3.9
.9

10.7

1.7

i Reported as none.

Figures as to one-man hours in vitreous potteries at bisque-kiln
placing were obtained from 5 of the 7 potteries covered in the study.
The unweighted average was 3.8 hours per kiln day and the range
was from 2.4 to 6.2 hours per kiln day.
Figures as to one-man hours in glost-kiln placing were obtained
from 5 vitreous potteries. The unweighted average was 3 hours
per kiln day and the range was from 2.4 to 3.6 hours per kiln day.
Satisfactory records as to the number of hours taken to draw
1,000 cubic feet of kiln space were obtained from 4 plants. The
unweighted average for these 4 vitreous potteries was 12.2 hours,
distributed as follows:
Time of drawing 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space
Potteries

10.1 hours_______________________________________________
11.5 hours----------------------------------------------------------------------12.0 hours_______________________________________________
15.3 hours_______________________________________________

1
1
1
1

PRODUCTIVITY IN CLAY SHOP
SEMIVITREOUS WARE
In preceding pages figures are given as to the number of one-man
hours required to place a kiln day and to draw 1,000 cubic feet of
kiln space. Time could not be taken to make a study of production
in all occupations in the industry nor to make a complete study for
all employees in any one occupation. However, data as to produc­
tion were obtained ior work of certain crews in the clay shop on cer­
tain selected articles of ware, namely, 7-inch plates, ordinary tea
cups, plain saucers, 10-inch oval dishes, and 24-size jugs.
In a small pottery one crew may make all of one kind and size of
articles, such as 7 -inch plates, and several other articles also. In a
large pottery as many as three or four crews may make one article,
such as 7 -inch plates, and each crew may also work on other articles.
Seldom, if ever, does a crew work an entire day on any one article.




87

PRODUCTIVITY IK C IA Y SHOP

A record is kept of the production of each article of ware. Each
jigger man knows approximately the output and capacity of his crew
per day on any of the articles made. Usually no record is kept of
the time worked on each of the different articles nor, as stated else­
where, of the time worked on all articles in any one day or pay period.
In order to get figures as to production, each jigger man making
any one of the selected articles was asked to give the production of the
article expressed as an equivalent day7s output at tne usual number
of hours of work per day. These figures were submitted to the fore­
man of the clay shop or to an official of the company for approval.
The differences between the figures of the jigger man and the fore­
man or official, which were infrequent and of little or no consequence,
were adjusted so that the figures in this study, though not based on
actual recorded time, are accepted as sufficiently accurate to indicate
very clearly the production that would be made in a day should the
crew work the usual hours per day. As would be expected, the daily
production differs from crew to crew due to the difference in the usual
number of hours per day, to the varying speed of the individuals of
the different crews, and to some extent to the working condition of
the clay. The usual number of hours of work per day differs as
between the crews because of the difference in the amount of work
available or in the personal desires of the several crews. Because of
the difference in the usual working hours per day, the production of
each crew has been reduced to an hourly basis.
Production o f 7-inch 'plates.— A crew making 7 -inch plates usually
consists of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, and a finisher.
A clay carrier, who serves several crews, may also be added. A crew
may be reduced in number by one person doing the work of more than
one occupation, such as batting-out and mold running, or by mem­
bers of the crew carrying their own clay.
A report as to the production of semivitreous 7-inch plain-edge
plates was obtained for 58 crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a
batter-out, a mold runner, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional
part of the time; the fractional time of the carrier for each crew is
from an eighth to a sixteenth of the total time given by the carrier to
the several crews to which he delivers clay. Clay carriers supply
clay not only to crews making plates but also to those making other
articles of ware. The average production per crew per hour was 28.1
dozen, distributed as follows:
Plates made per crew per hour
Crews

Under 20 dozen_______ ________________________________
22 and under 24 dozen_________________________ ;________
24 and under 26 dozen______________________ ___________
26 and under 28 dozen_________________________________
28 and under 30 dozen_________________________________
30 and under 32 dozen_________________________________
32 and under 36 dozen_________________________________

2
3
5
15
16
12
5

Data were also obtained for 18 crews, each consisting of four regular
workers and no clay carrier, as the members of the crew carry their
own clay. These crews made an average of 27.7 dozen plates per
hour, distributed as follows:




88

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY
Plates made per crew per hour

22 and under 24 dozen__________________________________
24 and under 26 dozen__________________________________
26 and under 28 dozen__________________________________
28 and under 30 dozen__________________________________
30 and under 32 dozen__________________________________

Crews

2
1
4
10
1

Seventeen crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out,
and a finisher, averaged 22.9 dozen plates per hour, distributed as
follows:
Plates made per crew per hour

20 and under 22 dozen__________________________________
22 and under 24 dozen_________________________________
24 and under 26 dozen_________________________________

Crews

5
7
5

In these crews there were no mold runners because the potteries
in which they were employed were equipped with stove rooms that
eliminated mold running, and the crews carried their own clay.
In addition to the above, data were also obtained as to production
for four other crews of 1 , 2 , or 3 regular workers. Only one of these
crews had any part of the time of a clay carrier. One man working
alone, doing his own clay carrying, batting-out, jiggering, mold
running, and finishing, produced 8.9 dozen per hour. One crew
consisting of 2 persons, a jigger man and a finisher, who do not
carry their own clay, the batter-out and the mold runner being
eliminated by the use of automatic machines operated by the jigger
man, produced 21.2 dozen per hour. Two crews, each consisting of
3 persons, a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, who carry their
own clay, no mold runner being necessary on account of the use of im­
proved stove rooms, produced, respectively, 28.8 and 25 dozen per hour.
The basic rate for the above plates is 5
cents per dozen. A few
of the crews work on designs for which a basic rate of
cents per
dozen is paid. The production per hour of these few crews is little
or no different from that of the other crews.
Production o f ordinarxj teacups.— Data as to production of ordinary
semivitreous teacups were obtained for 42 crews, each consisting of a
jigger man, a bailer, a mold runner, and a clay carrier for a fractional
part of the time. Approximately one-eleventh of the total time of
each clay carrier is given to each crew to which he delivers clay.
The average production per crew per hour was 53 dozen, distributed
as follows:
Cups made per crew per hour

32 and under 34 dozen_________________________________
42 and under 44 dozen_________________________________
44 and under 46 dozen_________________________________
46 and under 48 dozen_________________________________
50 and under 52 dozen______________________________ ___
52 and under 54 dozen_________________________________
54 and under 56 dozen_________________________________
56 and under 58 dozen_________________________________
58 and under 62 dozen_________________________________
62 and under 64 dozen_________________________________
64 and under 66 dozen__________________________________
68.8 dozen_____________________________________________

Crews

2
1
3
1
8
3
12
7
2
1
1
1

Eighteen crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, and a
mold runner, with no clay carrier, made an average of 48 dozen per
crew per hour, distributed as follows:



89

PBODTJCTTV1TY IN CLAY SHOP
Cups made per crew per hour
Crews

36.1 dozen_____________________________________________
40 and under 42 dozen_________________________________
44 and under 46 dozen_____________________ ____________
46 and under 48 dozen__________________________________
48 and under 50 dozen_________________________________
50 and under 52 dozen_________________________________
52 and under 54 dozen__________________________________
56.3 dozen_____________________________________________

1
1
2
5
2
3
3
1

Seven crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, and a clay
carrier for a fractional part of the time, made an average of 46.7
dozen per crew per hour, ranging from 37.5 dozen for the crew with
the lowest, to 56.5 dozen for the crew with the highest number pro­
duced per hour. Mold running was not necessary for these seven
orews because the potteries are equipped with improved stove rooms.
Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer who also does
the mold running, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time,
made an average of 23.9 dozen per crew per hour.
One crew, consisting of a jigger man who also does cutting of cups
which are not to be turned, a bailer who also does mold running,
and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 16.7
dozen per hour.
One crew, consisting of a jigger man and a clay carrier for a frac­
tional part of the time, produced 15.8 dozen per hour.
The jigger man of a very few other crews also did some running
down or thumbing of the ball of clay before the jiggering of the cups.
These crews made an average of 42.1 dozen per hour. The extra
work done by the jigger man lessened to some extent the produc­
tion per crew per hour.
Production o f tea saucers.— The study of production of semivitreous
saucers covers 78 crews. Approximately one-twelfth of the total
time of each clay carrier is given to each crew to which he carries
clay.
Forty-eight crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a
mold runner, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the
time, made an average of 42.8 dozen per crew per hour, distributed
as follows:
Saucers made per crew per hour
Crews

32 and under 36 dozen_________________________________
36 and under 40 dozen________________________________ _
40 and under 44 dozen_________________________________
44 and under 48 dozen_________________________________
50 and under 52 dozen_________________________________

2
6
19
20
1

Sixteen crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a
mold runner, and a finisher, with no clay carrier, that work being
done by members of the crew, produced an average of 42.4 dozen
saucers per crew per hour or 0.4 dozen per hour less than that of the
48 crews whose members do not carry clay.
Saucers made per crew per hour
Crews

38 and under 42 dozen__________________________________
42 and under 46 dozen_________________________________
46 and under 49 dozen_________________________________




9
4
3

90

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

Eleven crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, and
a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, no mold runner being
employed because the potteries are equipped with improved stove
rooms, made an average of 34.8 dozen per crew per hour, distributed
as follows:
Saucers made per crew per hour
Crews

32 and under 34 dozen___________________________________
34 and under 36 dozen___________________________________
36 and under 38 dozen___________________________________
38 and under 42 dozen___________________________________

2
5
1
3

One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out who also did
mold running, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of
the time made an average of 16.3 dozen per hour; one crew, having a
jigger man, a batter-out, and a mold runner, no finisher and no clay
carrier, made an average of 36.7 dozen per hour; and one crew having
a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, with no mold runner and no
clay carrier, made an average of 35 dozen per hour.
Production o f 10-inch, oval dishes.— In making the study of the
production in semivitreous hand dish making it was found that the
crews in many potteries included in the study make dishes of so many
sizes that it was extremely difficult to obtain reliable figures as to the
number of dozen of 10-incn dishes that could be made by each crew in
a day. The dish makers of some crews stated that they worked on so
few of the 10-inch size that they could not give even an approximate
estimate of the number of dozen that would be made m a day.
However, acceptable information was obtained for 30 crews. Approx­
imately one-twelfth of the total time of a clay carrier is given to each
of the crews to which he carries the clay.
Nineteen crews, each consisting of a dish maker, a helper, and a
clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, made an unweighted
average of 4.7 dozen per crew per hour, distributed as follows:
10-inch oval dishes made per crew per hour
Crews

3 and under 4 dozen_______________________________________ 2
4 and under 4}^ dozen_____________________________________ 9
4J/2 and under 5 dozen_____________________________________ 1
5 and under
dozen___________________ _______________ __ 4
5J/2 and under 6 dozen__________________________________ __ 2
6 ^ and under 7 dozen_____________________________________ 1
Six dish makers working alone, who carried clay and also did the
finishing, made an average of 3 dozen per hour, distributed as follows:
10-inch oval dishes made per man per hour
Dish
makers

2 and under 2J^ dozen_____________________________________ 1
2J^ and under 3 dozen_____________________________________ 2
3 and under 3J^ dozen_____________________________________ 2
33^2 and under 4 dozen_____________________________________ 1
Four crews, each consisting of a dish maker and a helper, but no
clay carrier, made an average of 4 dozen per crew per hour, dis­
tributed as follows:




91

PRODUCTIVITY IN CLAY" SHOP
10-inch oval dishes made per crew per hour

Crews

1
1
1
1

3 and under 3J^ dozen__________________________________
33^2 and under 4 dozen__________________________________
4 and under 4J^ dozen__________________________________
5 and under
dozen__________________________________

One crew consisting of a dish maker and a clay carrier for a frac­
tional part of the time, but no helper, made 3 dozen 10-inch oval
dishes per hour.
Casting o f
-size jugs.— Jugs range in size and price per dozen
from 12s at 80 cents to 60s at 20 cents for those with handles stuck
on, or from 12s at 75 cents to 60s at 17 cents for those with handles
cast on (see p. 113).
The special study covers the production of the 24-size jugs with
handles cast on, because as many, if not more, of this kind is cast as
of any other. As in the study of 10-inch oval dishes considerable
time and care were necessary in order to find casters and officials of
potteries who could furnish information as to production. Con­
sequently, data were obtained for only 31 casters. Of these, 30 did
the finishing and produced an average of 1.3 dozen per man per hour,
distributed as follows:

24

24-size jugs

made per man per hour

Casters

2
18
10

Over
and under 1 dozen______________________________
1 and under 1J^ dozen________________;__________________
13^2 and under 2 dozen__________________________________

One caster and his finisher made 1.4 dozen 24-size jugs per hour.
Turning ordinary teacups.— In some semivitreous potteries the
turning of ordinary teacups covers the entire outside surface of the
cup, in some it covers the bottom or top, or approximately one-fourth
of the outside surface, and in others it covers the bottom and the top
or approximately one-half of the outside surface. In potteries in
which both the bottom and the top are turned, the remainder of the
surface is side sponged or burnished, the turning and burnishing
being considered as equivalent to all-over turning.
Data as to turning were obtained for 85 turners. Sixty-one of the
85, each assisted by a sponger, who usually sponges for more than
one turner, did all-over turning, averaging 20.9 dozen per crew per
hour, distributed as follows:
Cups turned all over per crew per hour
Crews

16 and under 18 dozen___________________________________
18 and under 20 dozen_________________________________ _
20 and under 22 dozen__________________________________
22 and under 24 dozen__________________________________
24 and under 26 dozen__________________________________
26 and under 28 dozen__________________________________
28 and under 30 dozen___________________________________

5
11
29
12
1
2
1

Six turners who did top turning and side sponging averaged 26.9
dozen per man per hour, distributed as follows:
Cups top turned and sponged per man per hour
Turners

20 and under 22 dozen ____________________________________ 1
22 and under 24 dozen_____________________________________ 2
28 and under 30 dozen___________ _________________________ 1
30 and under 32 dozen_____________________________________ 1
34 and under 36 dozen_____________________________________ 1



92

th e

pottery

in d u s t r y

Seven turners who did bottom and top turning and burnishing
averaged 21,8 dozen per man per hour, distributed as follows:
Cups top and bottom turned and burnished per man per hour
Turners

14 and under 16 dozen___________________________________ ___2
20 and under 22 dozen_______________________________________2
22 and under 24 dozen_______________________________________1
24 and under 26 dozen______________________________________ 1
30 and under 32 dozen_______________________________ _______1
Seven turners who did top turning, no sponging being done, aver­
aged 31.4 dozen per man per hour, distributed as follows:
Cups top turned per man per hour
Turners

28 and under 30 dozen___________________________________
30 and under 32 dozen____________________________________
32 and under 34 dozen_______ ____________________________

1
4
2

Three turners who did all-over turning and sponging averaged 11
dozen per man per hour, and one who did bottom and top turning,
no sponging being done, averaged 22.4 dozen per hour.
Handling of ordinary teacups.— Data as to production covering
the sticking of open handles onto ordinary teacups were obtained for
98 handlers. Mnety-two of them, using handles made by handle
casters and finishers and doing the boxing (“ boxing” is the placing
of cups inverted one on top of another after the handles have been
stuck onto the cups), averaged 25.2 dozen per man per hour, dis­
tributed as follows:
Ordinary teacups handled and boxed per man per hour
Handlers

16 and under 18 dozen___________________________________
18 and under 20 dozen___________________________________
20 and under 22 dozen___________________________________
22 and under 24 dozen___________________________________
24 and under 26 dozen___________________________________
26 and under 28 dozen____________________________________
28 and under 30 dozen___________________________________
30 and under 32 dozen____________________________________
32 and under 34 dozen____________________________________
34 and under 36 dozen____________________________________

4
4
5
21
20
19
11
1
6
1

Three handlers who cast and finished the handles used by them but
did no boxing averaged 10.6 dozen per man per hour, 2 using handles
made by handle casters and finishers but not doing the boxing aver­
aged 17.9 dozen per man per hour, and 1 who finished handles cast
by another and also did the boxing averaged 14.4 dozen per hour.
VITREOUS WARE
Productivity figures for vitreous potteries are from necessity, as
already explained, limited to a very small number of crews. Data as
to production were obtained for the work of 9 crews on 7-inch plates,
8 on ordinary teacups, 8 on ordinary tea saucers, and 1 on 10-inch
handmade oval dishes, and for 4 casteis of 24-size jugs.
Production of 7-inch plates.— One crew, consisting of a jigger man
a batter-out, a mold runner, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a frac­
tional part of the time, averaged 17.6 dozen plates per hour.




PRODUCTIVITY m

CLAY SHOP

93

Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold
runner, and a finisher but no clay carrier, the members of the crews
carrying their own clay, averaged 20.8 dozen per crew per hour.
Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out who did
mold running, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of
the time averaged 15.8 dozen per crew per hour.
One crew consisting of a jigger man, a finisher, and a clay carrier
for a fractional part of the time, the batter-out and mold runner
being eliminated by use of mechanical devices operated by the
jigger man, averaged 13.5 dozen per hour.
One crew, consisting of a jigger man and a finisher only, who carry
their clay, the batter-out and mold runner being eliminated by use
of mechanical devices operated by the jigger man, averaged 12.2
dozen per hour.
One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a finisher, and a
clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, no mold runner being
employed, averaged 18.6 dozen per hour.
One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher,
but no clay carrier, the crew carrying the clay and no mold runner
being employed, averaged 27.5 dozen per hour.
The fractional part of the time of a clay carrier for each plate crew
is approximately one-eighth of the total time given by him to the
several crews supplied with clay.
Production of ordinary teacups.— Three crews, each consisting of a
jigger man, bailer,, a mold runner, and a clay carrier for a fractional
part of the time, averaged 37.3 dozen per crew per hour.
Three crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, and a mold
runner, but no clay carrier, the crew carrying their clay, averaged
35.5 dozen per crew per hour.
One crew consisting of a jigger man, a bailer who did mold running,
and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 27.8
dozen per hour.
One crew consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, a mold runner, a
clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, and a cup liner who by
operating a throwing wheel partially formed the cup, averaged 27.6
dozen per hour.
The fractional part of the time of a clay carrier for each cup crew
is approximately one-eighth of his total time of work.
Production of ordinary tea saucers.— Three crews, each consisting
of*a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, a finisher, and a clay
carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 32.7 dozen per
crew per hour.
Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, who did
mold running, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of
the time, averaged 17.3 dozen per crew per hour.
Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold
runner, and a finisher, but no clay carrier, the crew carrying their
own clay, averaged 29.2 dozen per crew per hour.
One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, but
no mold runner, and no clay carrier, as the crew carried their clay,
averaged 31.3 dozen per hour.
The fractional part of the time of a clay carrier for each saucer
crew is approximately one-eighth of his total time of work.
86315°— 26------ 7




94

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

Production of 10-inch oval dishes by hand.— One crew consisting of
a hand dish maker, a helper, and a clay carrier for a fractional part
of the time averaged 3.4 dozen per hour.
Production of 24-size jugs.— Four casters of 24-size jugs with
handles cast on them averaged 1.3 dozen per man per hour, ranging
from 1 dozen for the one making the lowest to 1.5 dozen for the
one making the highest production per hour.
Turning ordinary teacups.— Data as to turning were obtained for
8 turners. Six turners, each assisted by a sponger, averaged 21.6
dozen per hour, ranging from 17.8 to 25 dozen per hour, and 2
turners who also did the sponging averaged 15.6 dozen per man per
hour.
Handling ordinary teacups.— Data as to the sticking of handles on
to ordinary teacups were obtained for 8 handlers. The handles
used by these 8 handlers were made by handle casters and finishers.
Four handlers using open handles averaged 18.5 dozen per man
per hour; 2 using open handles, each assisted by a helper who did
the boxing and sponging, averaged 22.8 dozen per hour, and 2 using
block handles averaged 18.4 dozen per man per hour.

POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS
The basic raw material of pottery is clay, and to get the desired
results several kinds are blended. These clays and other ingredients
are mixed, formed to shape, and fired. Part of the raw material
comes from different States and part is imported; practically none
comes from the vicinity of any pottery. Different potteries use
different kinds of material, or combinations thereof. A t some pot­
teries the material is hauled from the railroad cars to the pottery
by trucks. A t other potteries where a railroad track runs alongside
the building laborers shovel the clay from cars into the pottery
through windows or convey the clay to the proper bin with wheel­
barrows.
SLIP HOUSE
The slip house is the room where the clay is mixed, screened, and
prepared for the potters* use.
In some potteries the material is shoveled from the bins into
wheelbarrows, weighed in the barrow, and wheeled to the slip house.
In a better equipped plant, a narrow car track runs the lengtn of the
row of bins. In assembling the clay for a batch, a car is moved
along the track and placed in front of a bin, clay being shoveled
therefrom until a scale beam on the car indicates that the quantity
wanted has been loaded on the car. The scale beam is readjusted,
the car moved to the next bin from which clay is to be taken, and
the operation repeated until the desired kinds and quantities of
clay are in the car. After this assembling of the material, the batch
is shoveled into a blunger, which is a circular vat, open at the top,
in which there are paddle wheels attached to a vertical shaft. In
some plants the clay is dumped from the cars into a metal box,
which by means of a lever is then automatically raised to the top
of the t)lunger, into which the clay is dumped. The shaft and
paddles are operated by power. Water is added to the clay, reduc­
ing the mix to a thin liquid, which is called “ slip.” From the
blunger the slip is run or pumped into what is called the “ rough




POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

95

agitator,” which is a large circular tank about 7 feet high and 6 feet
in diameter. This agitator, like the blunger, has a vertical shaft in
the center to which are attached paddle wheels. The machine is
kept constantly in motion, the purpose being thoroughly to dissolve
and to mix the different ingredients.
From the rough agitator the slip is run into or over a screening
machine, where the slip ib strained through a very fine screen, called
“ lawn,” made of silk or metal. The screening machine may be in
the form of a pan 5 or 6 feet square, shaken by power as a corn
popper, or it may consist of a revolving cylinder frame, about
feet in diameter and 6 feet long, covered by the lawn, in which case
the slip runs into the cylinder, the fine slip going through the screen.
Whether the screening machine be of the shaking or cylinder type,
it is slanted so that particles too large to go through tfie screen fall
from its lower end and are washed away. The slip is reduced by
screening almost to the consistency of milk and is of a light creamy
color.
After passing through the screen the slip flows through a box or
trough having magnets set in the bottom. As the slip flows through
this trough the magnets catch and hold the very fine particles of
iron that may be in the slip. After running through the magnet
trough the slip is pumped into the smooth agitator, a large vat, where
it is kept constantly stirred. This constant stirring is for purpose of
keeping an equal mixture of the clay and of maintaining the greatest
possible uniformity of the slip. This is necessary to insure a uniform
grade of ware.
The next process is that of changing the liquid slip into a thick
heavy mass, practically thick mud, which is accomplished by putting
the slip through a press, where under pressure it is strained through
canvas. These presses differ in design, but their purpose is the
same; that is, to squeeze the water out of the slip and to retain the
clay. A center feed press is here described. The press consists of
a series of disks, each about 2 feet in diameter, which are placed on
horizontal rods, one on each side of the disks. Before a disk is put
on the frame it is covered with canvas in the following manner: Two
square pieces" of canvas a trifle larger than the disk are placed to­
gether. A hole about 2J^ inches in diameter is cut in the center of
the two pieces of canvas, which are then sewed together around the
open hole. One of the pieces of canvas is then folded up and drawn
through the hole in the center of the disk, and spread out flat on
the opposite side of the disk. The disks are concave on each side,
so that as they are strung on the frame there is a cavity between the
several disks lined by the canvas. A screw at the end of the row of
disks is turned to squeeze the disks together, with the canvas pinched
in between, at the rim. The slip is pumped in at 80 to 100 pounds
pressure and runs through the holes in the several disks into all the
cavities lined with canvas. The water is strained out by the pressure,
through the canvas against the disks and runs down through cor­
rugations and small openings in the disks into a trough below.
The press is then opened, the disks pulled apart, and the cakes
of clay— veritable large pancakes of mud— taken out. The cakes
of clay are sufficiently firm to hold together, although they bend
easily. The cakes are dropped from the press onto a truck, on which
they are moved to a pug mill or they may be moved to a storeroom




96

t h e p o t t e r y in d u s tr y

for aging or tempering and later pugged as needed. The aging or
tempering consists of certain chemical actions which give the body
clay a finer texture, and by accumulating several batches in one pile
a more even texture is secured.
The clay is fed into the pug mill, which is operated by machinery,
where it is ground up and squeezed through the machine by a spiral
screw. The clay is forced out under heavy pressure at the end of
the machine in a very compact cylindrical form about 6 inches in
diameter, the purpose being to make it compact and to squeeze out
the air. The pugging of the clay is very important. Defects of
body material are sometimes discovered here and corrected before
very much labor cost has been incurred. The clay as it comes out of
the pug mill is cut by a wire in the hands of the operator into chunks
about 23^ feet long, which he sets on end on a truck. The clay then
goes by truck or elevator to the clay shop.
The slip house is under the charge of a slip maker, who is a working
foreman. The men handling and assembling the dry materials and
tending the machines are known as slip-house laborers, the men on
the machines possibly being paid a higher rate than the others.
The majority of these laborers are time workers.
Some ware is cast in molds, and the pugged clay has to be reduced
back to liquid form before casting. In such case the cakes of clay
are pxit into an agitator with a little water to which is added certain
other ingredients and the mass is reduced to about the consistency
of thick cream. The clay goes from the slip house to the clay shop.
CLAY SHOP
The clay shop is the room or building where the ware is formed
from the xjlay. There are two principal methods of making the
ware— jiggering and casting. There is also a little pressing and
throwing. In jiggering stiff clay is used, and in the casting thick slip
is used. In jiggering, casting, and pressing, molds or forms are neces­
sary. The mola is made of plaster of Paris and gives shape either
to the inside or the outside of the ware to be made. The mold
is made by a mold maker. Plaster of Paris is used, as it absorbs
water from the slip and green clay and in turn dries out quickly.
Jiggering.— In making plates, saucers, and other ware of similar
shape the mold gives shape to the inside or top of the ware as placed
on the family table. A jigger man is a man who shapes ware over a
mold. The occupational designation comes from the name of the
machine he uses, which is called a “ jigger.” He may work alone
but commonly has three people helping him— a latter-out, a mold
runner, and a finisher. Generally, tnere is also a clay earner who
helps him and several other jigger men as well. The jigger man
may, however, himself carry the clay from the place in the shop where
it is delivered to his bench. The jigger man has a table or bench
equipped with a revolving head and with an appliance called a “ pull
down.” The revolving head is a sort of cuplike arrangement 6
inches or so in diameter, mounted on the top of a perpendicular shaft
operated by power. Figure 1 shows the latter-out at the left placing
a flat-lined bat of clay on a mold and the jigger man at the right
shaping the outside of a plate from the bat of clay with a pull
down and the revolving head. Back of the jigger man's bench




FI G. 1 — A T L EFT, B A T T E R - O U T P L A C I N G A F L A T T E N E D B A T O F C L A Y ON
A M O L D ; AT R I G H T , J I G G E R M AN S H A P I N G U N D E R S I D E OF A P L A T E
F R O M A BAT OF C L A Y W I T H T H E P U L L - D O W N A N D T H E R E V O L V I N G
HEAD

96




POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

97

is a stove room containing a large number of shelves. In the olden
days this room was kept heated by stoves to dry out the ware put
therein. Newer forms of stove rooms are of the oven type, similar
to equipment used in modern bakeries; but whatever the form of
stove room its purpose is to dry the ware.
The latter-out picks up a quantity of clay from the bench which as
nearly as he can estimate will be a little more than enough to form
the article to be made. This ball of clay he places on a batting
block in front of him, which is made of plaster of Paris; he then
raises a heavy maul, also made of plaster of Paris, with both hands
and brings it down on the clay, flattening it out to a thickness a
little greater than that of the article to be formed. The batter-out
then picks up the disk or bat of clay and slaps it on top of a mold.
In some plants the batter-out is eliminated, the jigger man himself
forming the bat of clay with a mechanical spreader or batter-out.
There are different types of this machine in use. While this is a
much easier way of making a bat than the old method of using a
hand mallet, it is not very common in the industry.
The jigger man takes this mold with bat and places it on the
revolving head above described. He then generally wets the bat
by sponge or by hand and pulls the pull-down into contact with the
clay on the mold. The pull-down consists of an arm pivoted on a
post. On the end of the arm is adjusted a steel profile which is
exactly the shape of the plate from center to edge. The forward
part of the profile reaches exactly to the center of the mold and bat.
The arm is adjusted by a set screw so that it can be pulled down just
far enough to leave that space between the profile and the mold that
will give the desired thickness to the plate. The mold gives the
shape to the inside of the plate and the profile gives the desired
thickness and makes the form of the bottom of the plate; in other
words, the plate is bottom up on the mold. The pull-down is then
released and brought up out of the way by a spring or counterweight.
The clay attaching to the profile is scraped off by the jigger man, and
with a hand tool he removes the excess clay from the edge of the
mold back to the point where the plate proper begins. During this
time the head, the mold, and the plate are revolving together. The
jigger man then lifts the mold with the green plate thereon and sets
it on the other side of his table, where the mold runner picks it up and
places it on a board, carrying the board when filled to the stove room
where the ware dries on the mold. The stove room is kept moder­
ately heated by steam pipes. As the mold runner puts in a board
of molds, he takes out a board with dried ware thereon, and removes
the dried ware, putting it on a board or shelf about 8 inches wide
and 53^ feet long. The mold is then ready for the jigger man to use
again. When the board is filled with the dried ware, it is taken
with its load to the finisher.
In some plants the stove room is so constructed that the mold
runner is eliminated. One type of equipment consists of an inclosed
heated compartment or room through which runs an endless chain,
bearing shelves. This room has an opening close to the jigger man
so that he can place his filled mold directly on a shelf of the machine.
Another employee removes the dried ware at the other end of the
machine and places it on the board for the finisher. There are other
types of equipment, all designed to dry the ware and to save labor.



98

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

The finisher is generally a woman. She takes a stack of 8 or 10
plates, places the stack on a revolving head, and taking a steel tool
somewhat claw-shaped at the end, holds it to the edge o f each revolv­
ing plate. This smooths off the rough edge that it has when taken
from the mold. The finisher then holds a wet sponge against the
edge of the plates, which slightly softens the clay and gives a smooth
finish to the edge. She then removes the plates one at a time,
brushing the top with a damp sponge to remove all particles of clay
and to give a smooth surface to the top. After the finisher has done
her work the ware is put back on the board and the board is placed
in a rack. At intervals the jigger man and his crew carry the boards,
with the ware thereon, to the green room, where the ware is counted
by the foreman and the jigger man given credit therefor. The ware
may be subject to another checking by an examiner in the green
room, and it imperfect ware is found it is deducted from the credit
that has been given the jigger man.
In plants where two or more jigger men make the same size and
shape of ware, it is necessary, in order to tell which one has
made any certain piece after it has been placed in the green room,
that the profile of the pull-down be so fixed that it will leave a dis­
tinguishing mark. This generally accounts for some plates having
one or two ridges on the bottom of the plate, though such marks are
sometimes made for other purposes.
The jigger is used on circular ware. There are also jiggering
machines having pull-downs that fashion oval-shaped dishes. When
the pull-down is not used, the oval ware is made b y hand by a man
known as a dish maker, who may work alone or have a helper. The
mold is set on a revolving head and with one hand and a profile
held by his other hand he shapes the outside of the dish, the bottom
being on the mold.
The cup maker uses the same kind of a machine as the plate maker
and bears the same name, jigger man. His mold forms the outside
of the cup. The man or boy who measures out the clay for him is
called a cup bailer. This boy takes a handful of clay from the stock
and drops it in the mold. The jigger man puts the mold on the
revolving head, and as the head and mold are revolving lowers the
pull-down onto the mold. This pull-down is so adjusted as to leave
enough space between the profile and the mold to form the desired
thickness of the cup. The pull-down is then allowed to come up out
of the mold. The jigger man cleans the excess clay from the edge
of the profile and trims off the edge of the cup with a hand tool.
He then lifts the mold from the head and the mold runner takes it
and places it in the stove room to dry. The cup as it leaves the stove
room has no handle. Boards loaded with cups are taken to the
turner and then the cups pass to the handler. The jigger man mak­
ing cups does not have his ware counted and get credit for it until the
cups are turned and handles put on; in other words, the cups are
not counted until they are ready to go into the green room.
The turner performs the same operation on the green cup or bowl
as a wood turner does on a piece of wood. He has a lathe, with a
head or block the shape of the cup on the end of a shaft which
revolves horizontally. The cup is placed on the head and the turner
with a tool cuts the outside of the cup down to form. Figure 2
shows the turner finishing the out side of a cup on a cup turning
lathe.



FI G. 2.— T U R N E R A T L A T H E F I N I S H I N G O U T S I D E
W H I C H W A S S H A P E D BY J I G G E R M A N




OF

CUP

FI G. 3.— CASTER, AT R I G H T , P O U R I N G S L I P ( L I Q U I D CLAY)
I N T O M O L D S IN W H I C H A R T I C L E S OF W A R E T H A T CAN
N O T BE M A D E BY J I G G E R M E N A R E S H A P E D ; A T LEFT,
CASTER T A K I N G A R T I C L E F R O M M O L D

POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

99

The turner’s sponger takes the cup as it is removed from the lathe
by the turner and wipes the surface with a damp sponge. This
softens the clay and makes a smooth finish on the cup.
The handler generally has a helper, known as a handle caster and
finisher, whose work it is to make the handles and have them in
readiness for the handler. The handles are cast in molds, 24 pieces
to the mold. Liquid slip is poured into the molds, which consist of
two blocks of plaster of Paris with the forms of the handles outlined
therein, a channel connecting the cavity for each of the handles.
Sometimes the handles are pressed in molds by hand from pugged
clay. The plaster of Paris 1
1
'
Jl 1‘
leaving a solid green clay.
handles from the connecting
handles smooth with a knife so that they are ready for the handler,
laying the prepared handles on a board. In some plants the casting
of handles is not done by a helper paid by the handler, but is done in
the casting room by a handle caster paid by the firm. In that case
the handler buys his handles from the firm.
The handler takes a cup, picks up a handle, dips the tips of the
handle into a liquid slip, presses the handle onto the side o f the cup,
and with a sponge smooths the joint.
Casting.— Casting is done in molds consisting of two or more
parts fitting closely together with a cavity on the inside. The
caster pours liquid slip mto the hollow mold until it is full. The
plaster of Paris mold absorbs water from the slip, leaving a deposit
of clay on the mold. This deposit increases in thickness as it stands.
Within 15 to 30 minutes the deposit is as thick as the ware is desired.
The remaining liquid slip inside the mold is then poured out and the
mold turned on edge to drain for a few minutes, after which it is
turned bottom up. After drying some time longer the mold is opened
by the caster and the green ware, which is firm enough to keep its
shape, is removed. The caster usually does his own finishing. He
breaks off the excess clay at the top of the article, which leaves
rather a rough edge. This he finishes by dampening it with a sponge,
sometimes smoothing it with a sponge and at other times with his
fingers. He also scrapes the ridge on the ware left where the parts
of the mold come together. This can be scraped down and sponged
so as entirely to remove the ridge. The handle, which is cast on as
a part of the article, is finished in the same way. Figure 3, facing
page 98, shows the caster at the right pouring slip into molds and a
caster or assistant at the left taking ware from molds.
A sticker-up is a person who puts knobs on dishes or handles on
ewers or other large ware. In order that the handles may be directly
opposite each other or the knob be attached to the exact center of
the lid, the modeler must make provision for this in his design which
must be followed by the mold maker. This is done by making the
mold so.that it will leave an impression in the ware at the place the
handles or knobs are to be attached. While the sticker-up may put
handles on such ware, he is not to be confused with a cup. handler.
These are two distinct trades.
Pressing,— A presser puts a bat of clay in a mold and then by
hand works the clay up and around the inside of the mold. Skill is
required to keep the clay of uniform thickness in the mold. Pressing
has been largely superseded by casting.




100

THE

pottery

in d u s t r y

SAGGER SHOP
The sagger shop is the place where saggers, which are large, strong,
and rough receptacles made of clay, are made. While the green
ware made by the potter is strong enough to hold its shape, it can
not be used until it is hardened by burning, as water on green ware
would reduce it back to rough clay. Green ware can not be put into
a kiln in piles as it would crush of its own weight, and iron shelving
in a kiln would be melted b y the extreme heat which is necessary.
Therefore, the ware is placed in receptacles called “ saggers,” and tlie
loaded saggers are stacKed in piles or “ bungs” in the kilns.
Saggers are made of domestic clay mixed with the ground-up
material of broken saggers. They vary in size and shape, the bottom
and the side walls being somewhat over an inch in thickness. The
material is prepared by machine in a separate sagger-making depart­
ment or room and the saggers themselves are made either by hand
or by machine. Broken saggers are run through a mill and ground
into pieces which are about buckwheat size. Clay is put into a
pile or vat, wet down with water, and allowed to soak for a few days,
reducing it to a thick mud. The ground-up sagger, called “ grog,”
is mixed with the clay as it is put in soak. This wet clay is then put
through a pug mill where it is mixed up and squeezed, and may be
put through the pug mill a second tune to insure a better mix.
Instead of making a soak the clay and grog may be run through a
wet pan, which is simply a mill in which the mix is placed, the water
turned on, and the clay made ready for the pug mill m a few minutes.
All of this preparation of the clay is done by sagger-shop laborers.
The clay comes from the pug mill in round or square form, cut in
lengths of about 23^ feet. In such form it goes to the sagger maker.
Quantities of the clay are stacked up for the sagger maker, and as the
clay is wanted it is cut from the pile with a shovel by the sagger
maker7s helper. The helper takes a quantity of the clay, puts it
inside a frame on a table, and with a heavy maul beats down the
clay to fill the frame. This makes the bottom of the sagger. He
then cuts a slice of clay from the pile and puts it on a table where he
smooths it down by using a spade-shaped blade, after which he takes
a maul and beats the clay so as to make its as compact as possible
and smooth; then, using a straight edge and knife, he cuts the clay
into strips.
The sagger maker takes a bottom and on it centers a form the size
of the inside of the sagger. Strips from the helper’s table are then
placed around the side of the form. The joints on the side and bottom
are worked together to make a firm connection. The side walls of
the sagger vary in height; they are commonly about 8 inches, but
some are as low as 4 inches and others higher than 8 inches. M any
saggers are oval, while others are nearly square with curved corners
and the sides curving in. The sides and top of the sagger are smoothed
off by the use of a wet sponge and a trowel. When the sagger is to be
used in the glost kiln, a reinforcing strip is run up on the outside.
Then a gauge with holes in it is placed inside and a triangular punch
is run through the hole in the gauge and part way through the sagger
at the point of reinforcement. These are called pin holes. The
green sagger is then set away to dry.
A sagger-making machine may be used. Two men usually work
at a machine, one running the machine and the other finishing the




POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

101

sagger. The amount of clay required to make a sagger is weighed out.
The clay is put in a form and a plunger brought down which is just
enough smaller than the form to leave space at the bottom and all
around equal to the thickness of the sagger to be made. The plunger
presses the clay to the bottom and. up and around the sides of the
plunger after which it is withdrawn and the sagger pulled out of the
machine. A form is put inside the sagger to hold its shape, and it is
then put on a board and finished by hand. The finisher who is in
charge of the machine is paid a daily rate. The job of finisher must
be offered to a journeyman hand sagger maker, but if he prefers to
remain at his bench, where he works at piecework and no hand sagger
maker can be obtained for the machine, the company can put a laborer
on the machine instead. Two very different wage rates, therefore,
may be found for the head men on sagger-making machines. The
green saggers are sent to the bisque kiln to be fired.
BISQUE-KILN PLACING
4 The green ware is fired in a kiln designated as a bisque kiln. These
kilns may be either upright or tunnel, though there are only two or
three tunnel kilns in operation in this country. Tunnel kilns are
tunnels or ovens some 300 feet long. The loaded saggers are placed
on oars and the cars pushed by power pressure one against another
through the tunnel. The steelwork of the car is kept from melting
by fire brick on the floor of the car and a shield running through sand
in a trough at the side. Tunnel kilns are kept in continuous fire. As
a car comes out at one end another car is put in at the other end.
The upright kiln commonly used is a circular brick oven approxi­
mately 16 feet in diameter and 17 to 18 feet high. Under the kiln at
the outer edge are several firing places, usually 10, the fuel used being
gas, coal, or oil, A stack extends from the top of the kiln. The kiln
has an arched perforated roof of brick. Upright kilns are fired inter­
mittently; that is, filled, fired, cooled, ana drawn. The bisque-kiln
placers are team workers. They get a board loaded with ware from
the green warehouse and carry it to their bench near the kiln, where
they put the board on a rack. The placer puts a sagger on his bench
and sprinkles in some sand to level up the bottom of the sagger and
keep the ware from sticking. He then puts the green ware (plates,
saucers, cups, jugs, etc.) into the sagger. The plates and saucers go
in in stacks, and the cups inverted with one cup on top of the other.
A process general in vitreous-ware potteries but seldom found in semivitreous-ware potteries is that of sanding to prevent the green ware
from sagging or bending in the intense heat of the bisque kiln. The
spaces between the several pieces of ware in a bung or pile are filled
in with sand before the green ware is placed in the sagger and goes to
the bisque kiln. This work is done by hand or by machine. The
placer, after filling the sagger, puts a “ wad,” which is a roll of soft
clay somewhat smaller than a candle, all or nearly all the way around
on top of the sagger. The seal must be complete if the kiln is fired
with coal. W ith very fine ware a separate sagger may be used for
each separate piece.
The sagger is then taken to the kiln and a pile (bung) of saggers is
started. Figure 4, facing page 102, shows two kiln placers entering a
kiln with saggers filled with ware on their heads and another kiln placer




102

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

carrying a board of ware on his head to the placing bench where the
saggers are filled. The sagger is leveled up on the floor, and succeed­
ing saggers are then put one on top of the other until the pile reaches
the top of the kiln. The bottom of a sagger forms a lid for the one
below it. The men use ladders in this work, carrying the saggers on
their heads. The saggers are placed in circles inside the kiln. Ten
piles of saggers are placed around against the wall, one between each
fire-box mouth, then four rings of saggers are put inside them. More
than 100 piles of saggers are made in the kiln. Green saggers partly
filled with ware may be placed at the top. Figure 5 shows Tciln
placers inside the kiln filling the kiln by placing saggers one on top
of another.
Through the walls of the kiln are peekholes. Holes are broken in
the sides of empty saggers opposite the peekholes, the purpose being
to let the fireman see into the center of the kiln. The open space
extends through the several rings of saggers. In the broken sagger in
each of the rings is set a block of cones. The cones are about
inches high and one-half inch in diameter at the foot. They are set,
two or three together, in blocks of clay. As these cones wilt at differ­
ent degrees of heat, by watching them collapse during the firing the
heat of the kiln is approximately known. Other heat-testing methods
are also used.
The placers have a bench boss, who is a working foreman. When
the kiln is filled, the door opening is sealed with brick and clay. Iron
bands running around the kiln are connected in front of the door.
Ths fireman then starts his fire and the kiln is burned. A t the bisque
kiln this requires about 50 hours.
BISQUE-KILN DRAWING
When the bisque kiln has been sufficiently fired, it is allowed to
cool off until the temperature is not over 130° F. within 2 feet of
the crown of the second ring of saggers, after which it is drawn.
The door of the kiln is opened by removing the brick and clay.
Some members of the crew of Tciln drawers take the filled saggers
from the bungs or piles, pass them through the door, and place them
on a bench near the door. Others remove the ware from the saggers
and place it into baskets, which when filled are carried to the bisque
warehouse. One member of the crew scrapes off the wad sticking
to the top and bottom of the saggers and hands them to another who
places them in piles. Each crew of drawers has a working foreman.
The life of a sagger is uncertain, as it may last through only one
or two fires or it may last through 10 or 20 fires. Some saggers are
broken during each firing. If a sagger is broken into two good parts,
the parts are cemented together; if it is badly broken it is ground up
and mixed with sagger clay.
Kiln laborers>(odd men) clean up the broken saggers and any broken
dishes after the kiln is drawn.
BISQUE WAREHOUSE
The bisque warehouse is the storeroom for bisque ware, which is
the ware after the first firing, hard but porous. When the baskets
come from the kiln to the bisque warehouse women Tciln drawers
sort the ware, putting each kind in a separate basket or bin. The




FI G. 4.— T W O P L ACE RS, E A C H W I T H A F I L L E D S A GG E R ON
HI S H E A D , A B O U T T O E N T E R K I L N ; AT LEFT, A P L A C E R
W I T H B O A R D OF W A R E ON H I S H E A D C A R R Y I N G W A R E
TO PL ACI NG BENCH




FI G. 5.— F L A C E R S I N S I D E OF K I L N S E T T I N G SA GG E RS IN PLACE.
T H E B O T T O M OF O N E S A G G E R F O R M S A T O P FOR T H E O N E
IM M E D IA T E L Y BELOW

FI G. 6 — G L O S T S A G G E R S B E I N G F I L L E D W I T H F L A T W A R E .
P I N S O F B U R N E D C L A Y AR E P L A C E D U N D E R EACH PI ECE
OF WARE




FI G. 7.— L I N E R A D D I N G T O T H E D E C O R A T I O N A L R E A D Y
D O N E BY P U T T I N G L I N E S OF G O L D ON W A R E BY H A N D
W I T H A S M A L L B R U S H , T H E P L A T E R E S T I N G ON A RE­
VOLVING WH EE L

POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

103

ware is gone over and brushed by Irushers, who remove any dirt that
may have gotten on the ware in the kiln. Sometimes particles of the
sagger come off and get onto the ware. The brushers also throw out
cracked or poor ware. Vitreous ware, after being fired in the bisque
kiln, is treated to a sand blast, which has much the same effect as
brushing in removing sand from the bisque ware. This cleaning may
also be done in a sanding barrel.
M ost of the pieces of bisque ware are stamped by hand by a
stamper, who uses a small rubber stamp showing the trade mark or
firm name.
GLAZE MAKING
As the hard bisque ware is porous it has to be given a glaze. The
making of this glaze is done by the glaze mixer in a room equipped with
machinery for the purpose which is operated by power. Certain
ingredients are mixed with water into a liquid about the consistency
of cream. The glaze mixer may have a helper.
DIPPING ROOM
The glaze is pumped to the dipping room, where it runs into the
dipper’s vat.
Ware boys bring the ware to the dipper, who picks it
up, puts it into the liquid glaze in the vat, gives it a peculiar twisting
motion, removes it, and places it on a board over his vat. In order
that his grasp may extend across a wide piece of ware, he has a padded
iron attachment that slips over his thumb and has a hook on the end.
This in effect lengthens nis thumb. The dipper has helpers who take
the dipped ware from his shelf, sponge the bottom edges, and put it
on boards.
Some potteries have heated machines, sometimes known as dip­
pers’ mangles, for drying the dipped ware. The dipper dips by
hand, and he places the dipped ware on racks in the macnine through
•an opening. These racks are moved by power through the machine.
A t the opposite side or end of the machine a helper removes the
dried ware, sponges the bottom edge, and stacks the ware on shelves.
The dried glaze sticks to the ware, yet rubs off a little in handling.
The glaze put on the ware fuses in the next (glost) firing and makes a
glassy coating. In semivitreous ware it actually fuses into the
underlying clay. The glaze makes the ware smooth and waterproof.
GLOST-KILN PLACING
After dipping, the ware goes to the glost kiln. The glost placers
carry the ware on boards from the warehouse to their benches, there
putting the ware into saggers. The placers work as a team, having a
working foreman known as a bench boss. In the glost kiln it is
necessary that no two pieces of ware touch, as the glaze would run
together and cause them to stick, thus making defective ware.
Triangular-shaped pins, three-sixteenths of an inch or so in diameter
and about 2 inches long, are put in the pinholes of the sagger and the
plates and saucers are then laid on the pins, touching only the point
of the pin. There are three pins supporting each plate. Figure 6
shows a glost-kiln placer filling a sagger with flat ware (plates).
Cups, jugs, and other hollow-ware articles have to be set in the saggers
in such position that they will not come in contact with each other.




104

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

When all the ware is small, a rough bat, really a sagger clay shelf, is
put in over a lower layer and supported on stilts, and a second layer
of ware to be fired is put on this bat. A separate sagger may be used
for each piece of extra fine ware. Pin hoys help glost placers by
cleaning broken pins out of pinholes in glost saggers. Bisqu e-kiln
placers and glost-kiln placers seldom interchange places. When
serving his apprenticeship, however, an apprentice placer must work
18 months on bisque placing and 18 months on glost placing.
The saggers when filled are sealed with a wad and placed in the
glost kiln in the same way as they are placed in the bisque kiln. The
glost fireman who has charge of the firing of the kiln watches the
temperature and is responsible for the proper firing.
GLOST DRAWING
Kiln drawers remove the saggers from the glost kiln after the
firing and unload the saggers. The drawing is done in the same
manner as in the bisque kiln. Because the pieces of ware must not be
allowed to touch one another, less ware can be put in a sagger in the
glost kiln than in the bisque kiln. A glost-kiln laborer, generally
called an odd man, cleans up broken saggers, broken ware, and pins
as they fall from the sagger when it is cleaned by the drawer. The
pins are seldom used more than once. A certain amount of the ware
is broken in the kiln or comes out cracked, warped, or injured by kiln
dirt which has gotten on the ware and stuck with the glost. The
drawers work in a crew and draw both bisque and glost kilns. The
broken glost saggers can not be used in the sagger clay because of the
coating of hard glaze.
GLOST WAREHOUSE
The glost warehouse is the storeroom for glost ware. The ware
is taken by the drawers from the glost kiln to the glost warehouse in
baskets where it is received by woman kiln drawers who sort the ware #
according to kind and size and place it in stacks or bins. While the
word “ kiln” is used in their occupation title, they do not work at the
kiln with the men. These women kiln drawers also sort the ware in
the bisque warehouse when the bisque kiln is drawn.
A t each of the three points where the bottom of the ware comes
in contact with the pin there is a slight nib. This is usually broken
off by ware dressers, who use a steel chisel and work by hand. Some
plants grind off these nibs.
The glost warehouseman selects and assembles the ware called for
by an order from the office, which designates certain kinds and sizes
and the number of pieces. The warehouse is in charge of a foreman,
who is a salaried man rather than a wage earner.
DECORATING ROOM
The decorating room is the place where the ware, thus far plain,
is decorated. By far the greater part of tableware is decorated.
A ware carrier takes the ware from the glost warehouse to the
decorating room, using either a basket or a truck. A duster using a
brush, cleans the ware carefully before it is decorated. There are
different kinds of decorations. A stamper has a rubber hand stamp
similar to the stamp found in a business office, on which is a design.
The stamp is touched to viscid color and then carefully placed on the



POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

105

piece to be decorated, thus transferring the design and color. This is
repeated around the piece of ware and is often so carefully done that
it is very difficult to find the place where the stamp begins and ends.
On much ware a line is placed, as, for example, on the edge of the
plate or around the rim of the teacup. This line, which may be of
color or of gold, is put on with a fine brush. The ware to be lined is
centered on a head, which revolves in a horizontal plane, and the
gilder or liner applies his brush to the ware as it revolves. Figure 7,
facing page 103, shows a liner making lines on ware. Also, she may
put a line of color down the handle of a teacup or on a handle or knob
of a dish. Technically, the worker is a gilder if gold paint is used.
In semivitreous plants most designs are put on by decalcomania;
in vitreous plants some of the designs are transferred from prints.
The decalcomania designs are printed in aniline colors on large sheets
of paper, which are cut down to strips or shapes containing the
pattern. The part of the ware to be decorated by decalcomania is
brushed with a sizing or varnish, and the decalcomania is then placed
on the ware (the color next to the ware) by the transferrer. The
decalcomania sticks to the varnish, the paper being rubbed with a
brush so that all the color comes in contact with the ware. The ware
is then put in a tub of water, where the paper after soaking is removed,
leaving the colored design adhering to the ware. In some plants
“ decal” machines are used, which speed up the number of pieces that
can be decorated. As in hand decalcomania work, the dish is given a
coat of sizing where the decoration is to be applied. The ware then
moves on a revolving table through a drying oven, the paper holding
the design is applied, and the design is thoroughly rubbed,’ after
which the dish is passed through a mechanical washer, which removes
the paper, leaving the design. The ware is then mechanically
dried and is ready for the decorating kiln.
Some semivitreous and most of the vitreous plants have a 'printer
who prints designs on paper, producing an article similar to decalco­
mania, which is then cut and put on the ware by the transferrer. The
print which is commonly used in the decoration of vitreous hotel chinaware is designed and made by the firm manufacturing the ware.
There is a decorating ioss in the room, who is a salaried man.
The preceding description refers to what is known as over-gloss
decoration; that is, the decoration is put on after the ware has been
dipped and fired. Some wares are decorated on the bisque rather than
on the glost. The ware decorated over glaze has to be given a light
firing, which may be done in what is known as a standard deco­
rating kiln or in a tunnel kiln. The decorating kiln is a muffed
kiln. This is a double-walled kiln wherein the flame passes between
an outer and an inner wall and thus does not come in direct contact
with the ware. The kiln is fired at a comparatively low temperature,
which burns in the decoration but does not injure the gloss. The
same man (a kilnman) places and draws the ware. A standard deco­
rating kiln is an oven about 3 feet wide, 8 or 9 feet deep, and 6 feet
high. The ware is placed on iron racks of shelves. The rear rack of
shelves is filled, then a new rack is set up and filled, and so on, until
finally the kiln is filled. Stilts, which are small pieces of ware having
points, thereon, are placed between the pieces of ware in stacking.
The stilts must not come in contact with the decorations, but there
is no harm in their contact with the white glost surface. The kilns
are then fired by &fireman*



106

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

The ware goes from the decorating kiln to a decorating warehouse,
where it is burnished by a burnisher or possibly subjected to a sand
blast, the purpose being to smooth and to polish the ware. A very
large percentage of vitreous ware is decorated on the bisque or, as it is
generally known, the underglaze. The underglazed decorated ware is
put in a decorating kiln, where it is given a light firing to harden the
color before the ware is dipped. Because of the glost firing, which is at
a much higher temperature than that of the decorating kilns, a special
coloring is used, as the delicate or brig;ht shades put on by decalcomania would be dimmed or changed during the firing in the glost oven.
Practically all vitreous hotel-china plants manufacture china and
design decorations in compliance with special orders.
The finished ware is wrapped by wrappers in small packages. A
saucer or plate is placed in a large sneet of paper and the paper folded,
this being repeated until a stack of a half dozen pieces is wrapped in
the one package. The decorating warehouseman is responsible for the
sorting and assembling of the ware called for by orders.
PACKING ROOM
The ware when ready for shipment goes to the packing room where
it is packed by packers in barrels, large casks, or cartons, depending
on the ware and the size of the order. A straw boy carries straw from
the straw pile to the packer. Packers then put in the ware, either
piece by piece or in wrapped packages, placing straw between to
guard against breakage in transportation. There is generally a head
packer, who is a working foreman.
There is also a small miscellaneous amount of labor in a pottery
common to no particular department.

METHODS OF WAGE PAYMENTS
Most of the potters in the United States in the earlier days of the
industry Vere English born and, as might be expected, they brought
with them many of their English customs. Even now there are
many English-born men working in the potteries, especially in the
clay shop and at the kilns. Mention has been made elsewhere of the
custom, yet common, of the midforenoon lunch, a survival of the
time when working hours were extremely long.
A more important feature of the pottery industry brought over
from England, however, is that of contract work as combined with
team or crew work. This custom is most frequent in the two main
departments in the pottery— the clay shop and the kilns. The ar­
rangement may take one 01 two forms. Under one form individuals
undertake the task at piece rates, and employ and pay their own help.
The firm is in direct contact with the contractors but not with their
help. In earlier years the contractors collected the pay and in turn
paid their help. In recent years in some potteries there is an arrange­
ment between the company and the contractor whereby the amount
due each helper is deducted from the earnings of the contractor and
paid by the company to each helper, the company paying directly to
the contractor only his net earnings. A second custom is for a group
of men to undertake work collectively at piece rates and divide their
earnings among themselves. The amount to be paid each member of
the crew is usually reported by the crew boss to the firm, which pays




METHODS OF WAGE PAYMENTS

107

each man. Scarcely any method of wage payment, however, obtains
universally. There are differences in methods of payment between
different localities, between different potteries in the same locality,
and even within the same pottery. The crew spirit is strong among
potters and there is a general unwillingness to double up work if any
member of a team is absent. Generally the full complement of the team
must be filled out or the remainder of the team will decline to work.
The wage agreement between the United States Potters Association
and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters (p. 112) shows the
revalence of piece rates. In the making of the ware the unit is the
ozen; at the kilns the rate is per kiln day. The systems of payment
of the several occupations is stated below in greater detail, in the
order of process of manufacture. There is much difference of opinion
as to the relative merits of timework and of piecework. It is alleged
that piecework leads to rushing and to a slighting of work, while
timework leads to a slowing down of speed and to a falling off in
production, with a resultant higher unit cost. Further, it is claimed
that when work is slack and but a limited amount is available for a
pieceworker, he maintains his accustomed rate of speed and works
fewer hours; in other words, he works with his earnings per hour in
mind. As in any other industry, a maximum of quantity is not
compatible with a maximum of quality, at least as long as processes
and equipment remain the same. Both employers and employees
recognize this condition. The question of time and piece rates is
difficult of permanent settlement because quantity and quality will
always be opposing vital elements. Another question arises in
connection with piece rates. A worker dependent on piece rates
naturally desires that a fellow worker in production shall not handicap
his earnings. A jigger man will want to select his mold runner when
a poor selection by the firm will reduce his (the jigger man’s) earnings.
The kiln placers or drawers may not be willing to have each fellow
worker selected directly by the firm when the workers are to make
equal division of their earnings. Team work at piece rates thus has
a tendency to withhold from the firm the full power to employ or to
discharge. On the other hand, the company may want to avoid the
necessity for furnishing help and to impose this duty on the contractor,
thus putting up to the contractor the responsibility of keeping his
crew together with no stoppage of production.
Unloading clay.— Clay comes to the pottery in railroad cars.
The laborers who unload the cars are generally paid by the company at
a rate per car. Two or more men may work together as a team and
divide the earnings. In some cases, however, the work is done at a
time rate. When not unloading cars, these laborers are paid for
other work at a time rate. Frequently, unloading cars is an over­
time job.
Slip house.— No general rule applies in the payment of slip makers.
Some are paid at a time rate and others at a rate per press. When
paid by the press they generally employ their own helpers and pay
such helpers directly or through the company office from their earn­
ings. The helper may be paid at either a piece or a time rate.
Sometimes the slip maker gets a bonus in addition to an ordinary
wage rate. The slip-house laborer pugging clay is usually paid at a
time rate by the company.

§




108

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

Mold makers.— Mold makers are generally paid directly by the
company at a piece rate, only a few being paid at a time rate.
Olay shop.— The principal workers in the clay shop are the jigger
men. They deal directly with the company and work by the dozen,
with a different rate for each kind and size of ware.
As shown by the agreement (p. 112) there are a great many kinds
and sizes of ware. The foundation of wage payment is a base rate
for each particular kind. This base rate, fixed by agreement, may
remain unchanged for several years. Economic conditions, however,
are continually changing and wage rates constitute a part of economic
conditions either as effect or as cause. In recent years, especially,
there have been in the pottery industry, as in all other industries,
several material changes in wage levels. Instead of changing the
many piece rates of the scale a simplified method has been used in
later agreements whereby rates have been increased by a certain per
cent, or plusage, which applies to all items on the scale. In practice
the number of dozen made of each kind of ware is multiplied by the
base rate. The products are added, and the sum is then increased
by the percentage specified in the existing agreement. The plusage
is illustrated in Table 9 (p. 29).
The jigger man almost always has helpers. A full crew consists of
four members— jigger man, batter-out, mold runner, and finisher;
the number, however, may be less than four. These helpers are hired
by the jigger man, he making the terms directly with them. Being
paid by the piece, it is logical that the jigger man should employ and
discharge his help, as a slow worker retards the work and reduces his
earnings, an inefficient worker injures the team production, and a
helper irregular in attendance disorganizes the crew.
The jigger man generally pays his help directly. In a few potteries
he reports the earnings oi each individual to tne firm, whicn makes
the payment to the helper and deducts the same from the jigger
m an’s gross earnings. The jigger man usually pa}rs his batter-out
and mold runner a day wage, which in recent years he has increased
from time to time as wage levels increased in other industries. In
recent years the firm has supplemented the wage received by the
helper from the jigger man employing him by a certain percentage of
the gross earnings of the jigger man at his base rates. The finisher
working for the jigger man is usually paid at piece rates.
The cup bailer working for the cup jigger man corresponds to the
batter-out for the plate jigger man and is paid in like manner.
The dish maker, like the jigger man, is a contractor and hires his
own helper when he has one. The helper may work at time or piece
rates; when working on 8-inch dishes or larger he is paid an additional
amount by the company.
The turner is also a contractor, and if he has help he hires such
helpers. He turns and finishes cups, mugs, and bowls at a basepiece rate and percentage. The sponger working for the turner is
usually paid a day wage by the turner; he may be paid directly by
the turner or indirectly through the company by deduction from
the turner’s gross earnings. A sponger frequently divides his time
between as many as three turners.
The handler is a contractor paid by the dozen at a base rate with
a percentage added. He generally hires a handle caster and finisher
at piece rates. This caster and finisher may work for two handlers




METHODS OF WAGE PAYMENTS

109

and may be paid directly or indirectly through the company. In
some instances the company hires the caster and the handler buys
the handles from the company.
Casters are pieceworkers paid varying base rates for the ware
made, with a percentage added. They usually finish the ware they
cast without hiring help.
Stickers-up are pieceworkers paid at a base rate and percentage,
as are the few pressers now found in the industry.
Clay carrying has always been a point of contest in making wage
agreements. In earlier days the jigger men and dish makers or
their helpers had to carry the clay from the slip house to the place
of work in the clay shop. Under the present agreement (p. 120),
the firm must deliver clay to the jigger floor free of charge, out the
jigger man must bear the remainder of the cost of moving the clay
to his place of work or the clay must be carried by him or his crew.
A clay carrier is usually employed by the company to carry clay
from the point of delivery in the jigger room to the jigger man’s
bench. This may be quite a distance in a large clay shop. The
clay carrier serves several jigger men and dish makers and deduction
is made by the firm from their earnings to pay the clay carrier in
whole or in part. Minor exceptions are as stated on page 120. The
clay carrier usually has a guaranteed daily wage. When the number
°f jigger men and dish makers is so small that the deducted amounts
fali below the clay carrier’s guaranteed rate, the firm makes up the
difference.
Sagger making.—Hand sagger makers are usually paid at a base
piece rate per sagger, with a percentage added. Helpers, when
employed, are likewise usually paid at a piece rate and are paid by
the sagger maker. Sometimes the helpers are paid at a day rate.
Sagger-making machine operators are generally timeworkers.
Sagger-shop laborers are hired by the firm and usually at time rates.
Kiln placing. —Kiln placers are team workers. The crew commonly
consists of from four to eight men, although the number may be
greater or less. Collectively they do the kiln work and with few
exceptions are paid on a kiln-day basis. A kiln-day consists of a
specified number of cubic feet oi kiln space, the number of cubic
feet varying as between bisque and glost kilns and as between vitreous
and semivitreous ware. The group earnings are divided among the
members, with a little higher wage going to their bench boss, who is
a working foreman. The earnings are usually paid by the firm
directly to each man in the team, in accordance with a statement
furnished the company by the bench boss.
The kiln-placing crew is hired and works as a unit, the company
employing the crew, not the man. The crew makes its own selection
of new members, bringing into the team the men it wants and droping out the men it does not want. The work is hard, and if a placer
fails for long to keep up his share of the work he is dropped from
the crew by notice from the bench boss.
Kiln placers working at tunnel kilns are paid at hourly rates.
Pin toy.—Pin boys are timeworkers who are paid a daily wage,
one-half of which is paid by the firm and the other half by the glost
placers. In most cases the pin boy collects his wage from each
86315°—26----- 8




110

THE POTTERY IN D U STRY

party, but in some instances the part paid by the placers is deducted
from their earnings by the firm and the pm boy then receives all
his wage through the firm.
Kiln firing.—Kiln firemen are employed directly and individually
by the company, both at bisque and glost kilns. The unit of pay­
ment varies as between potteries and even within the same pottery.
They may be paid at time rates or per kiln fired.
Kiln drawing.—Kiln drawers, like kiln placers, work in crews, and
usually are very insistent that the full complement of the crew must
be present before starting to draw a kiln. In most plants kiln drawers
are paid per 100 cubic feet, but in others they are paid by the kiln
or, in rare instances, at rates per hour. The drawing boss, a working
foreman, is paid on the same basis as the other drawers, but at a
slightly higher rate.
Warehouse work.— The woman drawers who receive the ware in
the warehouse from either the bisque or glost kilns are usually paid
as a crew at a specified amount per kiln. The earnings are divided
among them and the payment is generally made directly to each
individual by the firm. When working at tunnel kilns these women
are usually paid at an hourly rate but may be paid per car drawn.
Warehousemen.—Warehousemen work individually and are paid
at a daily or hourly rate by the firm.
Ware dressingk—Ware dressing is frequently done by a contractor
called a “ dressing forelady,” at a rate per kiln. She employs her
own help, who are paid eitner at a daily rate or at a specified rate per
dozen, their earnings being paid directly by the contractor from her
ross earnings. In other plants the ware dressers are hired and paid
y the firm either at a piece rate per dozen or a time rate per hour.
Brushers are hired by the company and usually paid at the time
rates but occasionally at piece rates.
Stampers are hired directly by the company and are paid at a time
rate.
Ware boys are hired by the firm and are generally paid at a time
rate; a few, however, are paid at a rate per kiln.
Glaze mixing — Glaze mixers and their helpers are hired directly
by the company and paid at a time rate.
Dipping room.— Dippers are usually hired individually by the
company and paid at a rate per kiln day. Some, however, are paid
at a time rate. Their helpers are timeworkers who are hired and
paid by the company.
Decorating room.—The ware carrier is hired by the company and
paid at a time rate.
Dusters are timeworkers hired independently by the company.
Stampers and transferrers, either aecalcomania or print, are all
direct employees of the company. They are paid usually at a rate
per dozen, but sometimes at a time rate. They may also be paid a
production bonus.
Gilders and liners are for the most part paid by the dozen and are
hired and paid individually by the firm.
Printers are usually paid at a time rate.
Decorating, kiln and warehouse.—The decorating kiln men who fill
and empty the decorating kilns are usually paid at a rate per kiln.
There are different forms of teamwork. Two or more men may

g




M ETHODS OF WAGE PA Y M E N T S

111

together place and draw the ware and divide their earnings, the fire­
men being hired and paid separately by the company. In other
cases the firemen may contract for all of the decorative kiln work at
a rate per kiln and hire the placers and drawers. In a small pottery
the firemen alone sometimes places, draws, and fires.
Burnishers and wrappers are usually hired individually by the
company and paid a time rate.
Packing room.—Packers usually work separately and are paid at.
piece rates by the firm. In some instances, however, they are paid
at a time rate. Straw boys work at time rates and are usually paid
by the firm.




APPENDIX
1920 WAGE AGREEMENT, WITH AMENDMENTS
The 1920 wage agreement between the United States Potters*
Association and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters was
the last one printed showing all of the many base piece rates. In that
agreement the plusage to be added that year for each kind of work
is stated at the top of each list of piece rates.
That agreement is here reproduced in full, changes and additions
made by amendment since then which are still in effect being incor­
porated in the text and printed in italic, the date of the amendment
and the superseded matter of the 1920 agreement being shown in
notes; changes which have been superseded are not noted. The
agreement as printed, therefore, shows the scale as it has been in force
since 1924 ana will continue until 1926; in other words, the scale in
effect in 1925.
The rules and regulations, as distinguished from rates, did not
change much between 1911 and 1925, except one relating to “ dis­
charge,” which went into effect in 1913 and has since continued.
The 1920 agreement was published in two parts, entitled “ White
granite and semiporcelain wage scale and price list” and “ wage scale
for hotel china,” the former covering semivitreous ware and the latter
vitreous ware.
It must be borne in mind that the sizes mentioned in the 1920 agree­
ment are trade sizes and do not indicate actual measurements.**
• For some time there has been agitation among potters to change the size designations and names of many
of the classes of ware. Much confusion resulted from the old size classification, which generally classified
a piece of pottery as 2 or 3 inches smaller than it really was. In order to clarify this situation the following
changes in trade names and sizes were adopted by the United States Potters’ Association, to be effective
Jan. 1,1926:
3
4
5

4-inch baker to be renamed
baker “
“
a
tt
tt

6

7
8
9
10
2H
3
4
5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
4
5

a

tt

a
a

u
*t

u
tt
tt

a
tt
tt

dish

“
41
“

“

ti
ii

;;

ii

ii

“

ii

ii
a
a

ii

ii

u

a

a

a

tt
tt

tt
a

a
tt

tt
a

a

fruit
it

112




tt

"

it

7
8
9
10
11
12
6

it
ii

ii
it

5-inch baker.
baker.

BX
6

“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“
“

44

6H

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
5
5K

it
it

ti
ti
it
ii
it

platter.

6-inch fruit
All size jugs
3-inch nappy
4
5
6
7

4
5

ii

fruit.
it

“
“
“

“

9
10

10

ti

it
it
tt
ii

6
6
7

8

it
it
ii
ii
ii
ti
ii

to be renamed 6-inch fruit.
pitchers.
4-inch nappy.

11

“

plate

6

7

6

8

7

9

8

10

plate

7-inch plate, deep, to be renamed 9-inch deep soup.
6 “ coupe plate to be renamed 7 “ coupe soup.
Sauce boats to be renamed gravy boats.
Sauce boats, fast stand, to be renamed gravy boats,
fast stand.
Sauce tureen to be renamed gravy tureen.
3-inch ice cream to be renamed 4-inch ice cream.

3V<j “<< a“

4

“<«

“tt It“

“

it

y2 i“t “t i
4
g

“

ti

APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEMENT

113

WHITE GRANITE AND SEMIPORCELAIN WAGE SCALE AND SIZE LIST1
CASTING
Add 41 3 per cent io the following prices:

Handles
Handles
stuck on
cast on
per dozen per dozen

Bone dishes, plain or scalloped, leaf mould method, H. L. C. Co_______
$0. 14
Covers, butter, handle stuck on, S. C. settlement_______________ ____
. 18
Covered dishes, 7-inch______________________________________ $0. 90
. 84
Covered dishes, 8-inch--- .----------------------------------------------------- 1. 00
. 93
.87
.81
Casseroles, 7-inch__________________________________________
Casseroles, 8-inch__________________________________________
.95
.88
.30
.28
Creams, fancy, 30's________________________________________
Creams, individual, fancy----------------------------------------------------.28
.24
Creams, individual, plain oval_______________________________
.16
.16
.20
.17
Creams, individual, Rocaille------------------------------------------------Creams, restaurant, block handle.--------------------------------------------------. 12
Creams, restaurant, double lip, net---------------------------------------.10 _____
Creams, Saxon, 3’s, handled-------------------------------------------------.20
.20
Creams, Saxon, 3’s, unhandled-------------------*------------------------.14 _____
Creams, tankard, 0’s, handled___________ ___________________
.20
.20
Creams, tankard, 0’s, unhandled____________________________
.14 ______
Creams, tankard, l ’s, handled----------------------------------------------.17
.17
Creams, tankard, l ’s, unhandled____________________________
.11 ______
Creams, tankard, 2’s, handled----------------------------------------------.16
.16
Creams, tankard, 2’s, unhandled------------- -----------------------------.10 _____
Jugs, 48's_________________________________________________
.28
.26
Jugs, 42’s_________________________________________________
.30
.28
.36
.33
Jugs, 36’s_________________________________________________
36’s and smaller jugs plugged at lower part of handle shall be
paid for at the stuck-on handle price.
Jugs, 30’s_________________________________________________
.42
.39
Jugs, 24's__________________________________________________
.45
.42
Jugs, covered, 42’s--------------------------------------------------------------.45
.42
Jugs, covered, 36's_________________________________________
.54
.50
Jugs, covered, 30’s--------------------------------------------------------------. 62J£
. 59
Jugs, covered, 24’s--------------------------------------------------------------. 673^
.63
Jugs, covered, 12’s-------------------------------------------------------------.80
.75
Jugs, Rocaille, 60’s-------------------------------------------------------------.20
.17
.25
. 23
Jugs, Rocaille, 54’s--------------------------- ---------------------------------Jugs, Rocaille, 48’s-------------------------------------------------------------.25
%.2 6
Molasses cans, Sapho----------------------------------------------------------.35
.32
Pap boats_____________________________________________ _—
. 31J^
. 28
Pickles, single mould, S. C. settlement--------------------------------------------.20
Pickles, plain or scalloped, leaf mould method, H. L. C. Co__________
. 18
Sick feeders, front spout____________________________________
.31}^
.28
Sauce tureens________________________ _____________________
.90
.84
.40
.37
Sauce boats_______________________________________________
Sugars, individual__________________________________________
.45
.42
Sugars, 36’s________________________________________________
.45
.42
Sugars, 30’s________________________________________________
.50
.48
Sugars, 24’s________________________________________________
.55
.53
Urinals, male______________________________________________
.58
.54
Urinals, female_____________________________________________
.63
.58
Teapots holding less than 16 ounces_____________ ___________ • .75
.70
Teapots holding 16 ounces and under 24 ounces__________ ____
.80
.75
Teapots holding from 24 to 36 ounces_____ __________________
.90
.85
All teapots larger than 36 ounces to remain at present prices.
New teapots to conform to above scale.
Cast articles not enumerated on this list shall remain as paid for at present
in the various potteries.
The same understanding as to special prices on articles extraordinarily difficult
shall apply as on all other classes of work.
1 As revised Sept. 15,1020, and with amendments down to 1925.
2As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.
JAs amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 23.




114

THE POTTERY IND USTRY

A manufacturer in order to avail himself of the above prices must install
appliances similar to those at Laughlin’s Newell Shops.
Where casting is done with molds made for pressing, pressing prices shall be
paid.
Sufficient straps, hoops, and pouring buckets shall be furnished by the firm.
The term of apprenticeship for casters and the discounts applying to the
various periods shall be identical with those established for pressers.
In determining the ratio of apprentices to which any firm is entitled the total *
number of pressers and casters shall be taken together, and in this feature shall
be regarded as one and the same trade.
The ratio of apprentices established for pressing shall not be exceeded in the
casting department as a separate unit.
At all times either as apprentice or journej^man the status of any individual
shall be considered the same, both as a caster and as a presser, and he may be
transferred from the one trade to the other, if mutually agreeable to himself and
employer without prejudice to his standing in either branch and at the same
discount, if an apprentice, to which he is entitled in the other trade. In other
words, anyone who has completed his term as a caster shall be considered as
having completed his term as a presser and vice versa.
When an opening occurs on the casting bench for a beginner, and no apprentice
presser on that shop is an applicant, a sticker-up who has served two years or
more on that shop shall be given the preference.
DIPPING
Add 41 1 per cent to the following prices:

Hooking ware, 65 cents per kiln man’s day's work. Firm to furnish sponges
and gather where ware has to be gathered. Ware to be delivered at tub, and glaze
to be delivered and sieved by firm.
Ware thrown out on grid and not sponged at tub 45 cents per kiln man's day's
work. The firm to furnish all help to the dipper.
For all pin ware placed in first ring the dipper shall count the same number
of days extra as. the kiln men do.
Each dipper shall be paid his full earnings direct from the office; and the
dipper's count shall be taken from the kiln men's time sheet for the actual ware
placed in the kilns up to counting time, less any extra time allowed the kiln men
for carrying.
Where dippers are putting in to exceed one kiln man's day per hour and the
firm finds that they are not getting good results, the firm may insist upon the
dipper working until five minutes of 4 o'clock.
The firm may insist upon the use of the hook in dipping all flat ware above
5-inch size and the use of the pin board when the dipper is so instructed.
All extra dipping to be settled by standing committee.
An apprentice may be put on whenever it is not possible to secure a competent
journeyman.
T h e f o ll o w i n g ite m s m u s t b e d i p p e d o n e a t a tim e w ith a h o o k , a n d . a n a i l b o a r d
u s e d : P l a t e s , 6 -in c h , 7 -in c h , 8 - in c h ; a ll d is h e s la r g e r th a n 6 in c h e s .
T h e f o ll o w i n g a r tic le s m a y b e d i p p e d tw o a t o n e tim e , b u t n e v e r m o r e th a n tw o :
S a u c e r s , f r u i t s f o a tm e a ls , b a k e r s ' 8 -in c h a n d 4 - in c h ; d is h e s , 8 - in c h a n d 4 -in c h ,
p ic k le s , d r a in e r s , su g a r a n d tea p o t covers.
A l l o th e r a r tic le s la r g e r th a n th o s e a b o v e
m e n t io n e d , i n c lu d in g h o llo w w a r e , m u s t b e d i p p e d o n e a t a tim e .
I n d iv id u a l b u tte rs , n o t m o r e th a n th ree a t o n e tim e .
A l l a r tic le s to b e p r o p e r l y d i p p e d a n d s h a k e n , n o t m e r e l y d i p p e d a n d t h r o w n o n
th e b o a r d .
A l l c u t w a r e , p a r t i c u l a r l y d i s h e s a n d b a k e r s , t o b e p e n c i l e d w h e n g a t h e r e d .5

The term of apprenticeship for dippers shall be three (3) years, during which
the rates of wages shall be as follows:
First six months_______________________________________ $1. 50
Second 6 months__________________ ;____________________
1. 75
Second year_______________________ _____________________ 2. 25
Third year_____________________________________________ 2. 75
Eight hours' actual work shall constitute a day.
During the entire term the wages of the apprentice shall be figured at $3.50
per day, 10 per cent of which shall be retained by the firm, and the difference
between the remainder and what the apprentice actually receives under the
* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.
* Added to 1920 agreement Aug. 11,1921.




APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEMENT

115

apprenticeship scale shall be divided between the journeymen dippers on the
same crew, in any manner they may stipulate.
At some period during the term of apprenticeship all apprentice dippers shall
be required to do hollow-ware dipping until they become thoroughly skilled in
that class of work, and they shall be required to begin that work not later than
the beginning of the third year of apprenticeship.
Extra compensation for dipping anderglaze
E. M. Knowles, per decorating kiln tier___ _____________ _____________$0. 20
K. T. & K. Buckeye, per decorating kiln tier_________________________
. 20
Laughlin No. 2, per decorating kiln tier_______ ______ ________________
. 20
Hall china, per decorating kiln tier________________________ __________
. 20
Colonial pottery, each 100 dozen regular dinner ware__ _______________
. 40
D. E. McNicol pottery, each 100 dozen regular dinner ware____________
. 40
Buffalo Pottery Co., each decorating kiln_____________________________
1. 00
It is recommended that the use in the glaze of materials of an unusual charac­
ter which are injurious to the health of workmen is condemned, and where such
are used shall be discontinued.
DISH MAKING
Hotel dishes and bakers, add 566per cent and to regular weight dishes and bakers add 46 7per
cent to the following prices:
Per dozen
Bakers, oval, 2J^-inch____________________________________________ $0.10
Bakers, oval, 3-inch______________________________________________
. 10
Bakers, oval, 4-inch______________________________________________
. 11
Bakers, oval, 5-inch______________________________________________
. 12
Bakers, oval, 6-inch______________________________________________
. 13
Bakers, oval, 7-inch---------------------------------------------------------------------14J^
Bakers, oval, 8-inch______________________________________________
. 16J^
Bakers, oval, 9-inch_____________ _________________________________
. 18
Bakers, oval, 10-inch_______________________________________ ______
. 20
Bakers, square, 3-inch____________________________________________
. 12
Bakers, square, 4-inch____________________________________________
. 14
Bakers, square, 5-inch------------------------------------------------------------------. 15
Bakers, square, 6-inch____________________________________________
. 16%
Bakers, square, 7-inch_________________________________________. 17%
. 20
Bakers, square, 8-inch____________________________________________
Bakers, square, 9-inch__________________________________________ _
. 22J^
Bakers, square, 10-inch-----------------------------------------------------------------.25
Dishes, oval, 2J^-inch._________________________________________ _
. 09J^
. 09*^
Dishes, oval, 3-inch______________________________________________
Dishes, oval, 4-inch______________________________________________
.11
Dishes, oval, 5-inch______________________________________ ________
. 12 r
Dishes, oval, 6-inch----------------------------------------------------------------------.13
Dishes, oval, 7-inch_____________________________________________ _
. 14
Dishes, oval, 8-inch______________________________________________
. 16J^
Dishes, oval, 9-inch______________________________________________
. 17
Dishes, oval, 10-inch_____________________________________________
.20
Dishes, oval, 11-inch_____________________________________________
. 23
Dishes, oval, 12-inch_____________________________________________
.25
Dishes, oval, 13-inch_____________________________________________
.29
Dishes, oval, 14-inch_____________________________________________
.33
Dishes, oval, 15-inch_____________________________________________
.42
Dishes, oval, 16-inch____________________________________________ . 42
Dishes, square, 6-inch_________________________________ ___________
. 1634
Dishes, square, 7-inch-------------------------------------------------------------------. 17%
Dishes, square, 8-inch____________________________________________
.20
Dishes, square, 9-inch_________________________________ ___________
. 22J^
Dishes, square, 10-inch_________________________________________ _
. 25
Dishes, square, 11-inch___________________________________________
. 27^
Dishes, square, 12-inch--------------------------------------------- -------------------. 30
Dishes, square, 13-inch-----------------------------------------------------------------. 33%
Dishes, square, 14-inch______________________________________ .____
. 40
Dishes, square, 16-inch---------------------------- --------------- ---------------------. 52
•As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 81.
*As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 69.




116

TH E POTTERY IN D U STRY

It is understood that where an advance on the old base price for dishes and
bakers has been previously paid that same advance will apply over and above the
new base price.
The base price on 10-inch hotel bakers in semiporcelain is increased from 18
cents a dozen to 25 cents a dozen. This price applies to both the handmade
and the machinemade baker on outside mold.
On dish-making jobs where a helper is employed the firm shall pay the helper
a bonus of 16 s .per cent on the scale base prices on 8-inch and all larger sizes.
The firm shall deliver clay to the floor on which dish-maker works, free of
charge.
All ware stamped in the clay state shall be paid for at the rate of one-fourth
cent per dozen extra.
Fancy festooned and embossed dishes to be set by standing committee.
Piecework on dish machine shall be paid for at cable prices.
The number of apprentices at the dish-making trade shall be one apprentice
to every three journeymen or less, and shall serve five years, subject to the
same discount as the apprentice presser.
The firm shall have the privilege of giving any article on the dish-making list
to apprentice dish makers during the last two years of their service.
Dish makers shall be given the preference on all work on the dish-makers'
list, when the work is done by the casting process.
It is recommended that manufacturers and dish makers cooperate in improved
stove-room conditions when it is convenient to do so.
That dish makers be furnished free clay when working without a helper.•

HANDLING
Add 40 * per cent to the following prices:

Pei dozen

Chamber covers, turned___________________________________________$0. 12
Chambers, handling______________________________________________
. 08
. 05
Chambers, knobbing covers_______________________________________
Chambers, turned-up handles______________________________________
.06
Cups, chocolate, extra thin________________________________________
. 05
Cups, coffee, block handle_________________________________________
. 04
Cups, coffee, open handle_________________________________________
. 04
Cups, coffee, extreme extra thin___________________________________
. 05
Cups, coffee, A. D., open handle___________________________________
. 04
Cups, coffee, A. D., block handle__________________________________
. 03Yi
Cups, coffee, jumbo_______________________________________________
. 06
Cups, coffee, hotel________________________________________________
. 04^
. 04
Cups, tea, block handle, St. Denis, Baltimore, and Holland---------------Cups, tea, thin, open handle_______________________________________
.04
Cups, tea, extreme extra thin__________________________________ :__
.05
. 04J^
Cups, tea, hotel__________________________________________________
Cups, tea, New York, half thick___________________________________
. 04J^
Cups, toy, open handle____________ ___________________________ _______ 04
. 03K
Cups, toy, block handle___________________________________________
Custards, ordinary_______________________________________ ________
. 04
. 043^
Custards, thin__ ________________________________________________
Egg cups, double_________________________________________________
.05
Mugs, 36’s_______________________________________________________
. 06
Mugs, 30’s_______________________________________________________
.06
Mugs, 24’s_____________________________________________ _________
.06
Mugs, dairy______________________________________________________
. 08
. 08
Mugs, beer______________________ ________________________________
Mustache cups, lip and handle_____________________________________
.20
Mustards, handling_______________________________________________
.04
Mustards, sticking on knobs_______________________________________
.04
Mustards, cutting covers__________________________________________
.04
Mustards, spoons___________________ :_____________________________
. 05
Spitting cups, turned-up handle____________________________________
.06
Spitting cups, pressed handle______________________________________
. 08
* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.
8As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 19.
6Added to 1920 agreement Jan. l f 1923.




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

117
Per dozen

Spoon holders, turned, sticking on foot_______________________________ $0. 06
Spoon holders, two handles________________________________________ _
. 12
Sugars, hotel, handling______________________________________________
.08
. 06
Sugars, hotel, sticking on ears___________________ ___________________
. 08
Sugars, toy, two handles____________________________________________
Sugars, toy, sticking on ears------------------ ------------------------------------------. 06
Teapots, toy, spouting and handling_________________________________
.20
Where covering or ringing of cups exists, same prices to be paid as heretofore.
One-half cent per dozen shall be paid for boxing cups with the use of starch or
other adhesive material, and nothing shall be paid for this work where no
cementing preparation is employed, the firm shall have the option of having
boxing done by an employee independent of the handler; the emploj^er may re­
quire that all handles be cut and stuck on, and all cups boxed by a journeyman
or apprentice handler, and that ail handles shall be properly finished and
trimmed.
The firm furnishes the starch and the handler mixes it.
One apprentice shall be allowed for the first journeyman handler, and one addi­
tional apprentice for every three additional journeymen.
When there is a vacancy for an apprentice handler, the oldest boy in the han­
dling shop in point of service, shall, if competent, be given the preference. Every
apprentice handler during the last eighteen months of his apprenticeship, shall
be given an opportunity to handle all articles on the handling list, made in that
shop.
The apprentice handler shall serve three years at the following rates:
First year, 20 per cent off.
Second year, 15 per cent off.
Third year, 10 per cent off.
No handler after having served his full term of apprenticeship shall be dis­
charged to make room for an apprentice.
JIGGERING
Add 467 per cent to the following prices:
Per dozen

Basins, mouth inside_____________________________________________ $0. 18
Basins, outside___________________________________________________
. 35
Basins, inside, 6’s________________________________________________
. 30
Basins, inside, 9’s________________________________________________
. 25
Basins, inside, 12’s_______________________________________________
. 20
No claim for extra prtce shall be demanded for lug or festoon on
basin that does not protrude beyond the line of the basin more than
three-eighths of an inch; if lug is larger or shape unusually difficult,
price shall be determined upon merit. Measurement of lug shall be
taken in glost state. It is understood that this provision shall not dis­
turb any fixed or settled price for any basin now being made, it being
conceded that prices now being paid in the West for fancy basins are
sufficient and satisfactory, and no increase is to be asked during the
life of this agreement for any new basin of similar style.
Bowls, mixing, 42’s_______________________________________________
. 05^
Bowls, mixing, 36’s_______________________________________________
. 05
. 05J^
Bowls, mixing, 30’s_________________________________ _____________
Bowls, mixing, 24’s_______________________________________________
. 06
Bowls, mixing, 18’s____________ __________________________________
. 08^
Bowls, mixing, 12’s_______________________________________________
. 12
Bowls, mixing, 9’s________________________________________________
. 15
Bowls, mixing, 6’s________________________________________________
. 22J^
Bowls, mixing, 4’s________________________________________________
. 32J^
Bowls, Navy, made with hook scrapper or any other method_________
. 08
Bowls, oyster, 36’s, with ball or bat, turned_________________________
. 03
Bowls, oyster, 30’s, with ball or bat, turned_________________________
. 03
Bowls, oyster, 24's, with ball or bat, turned_________________________
. 03
Bowls, oyster, where necessary to run up, all sizes___________________
. 04J^
Bowls, oyster, low foot, sponged, 42’s______________________________
.06
7As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 69.




118

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY
Per dozen

Bowls, oyster, low foot, sponged, 36’s__________ ___________________ $0. 06
Bowls, oyster, low foot, sponged, 30’s______________________________ ___. 06
Bowls, punch, 7-inch_____________ ________________________________ ___. 20
Bowls, punch, 8-inch________ _____________________________________ ___. 20
Bowls, punch, 9-inch________ 1____________________________________ ___. 23
Bowls, punch, 10-inch____________________________________________ ___. 24
Bowls, 36’s, sponged______________________________________________ ___.05
Bowls, 30’s, sponged______________________________________________ ___. 05
Bowls, 24’s, sponged-------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 06
Bowls, St. Denis, all sizes, with ball or bat, turned__________________ ___. 03
Bowls, St. Denis, where necessary to run up, all sizes_______________•_ . 04*^
Brush vases, toilet________________________________________________ ___. 10
Brush vases, turned______________________________________________ ___. 06
Butters, individual, plain, regular weight___________________________ ___. 03
Butters, individual, hotel_________________________________________ ___. 0354
Butters, individual, festooned___________ :_________________________ ___. 03
Butters, covered, cable, jigger only, three pieces________________________. 22J^
Butters, covered, ordinary, round, jigger only, three pieces___________ __ . 20
Butters, covered, plate bottom,.three pieces________________________ ___. 16
Butters, extra covers_____________________ ___________________________. 06J^
Butters, extra bottoms_____________________________ ______________ ___. 06^2
Butters, extra drainers_____________________________ *______________ ___. 03
Buckwheat covers (Laughlin China Co.), complete.._________________ ___. 08
Cake plates, ordinary, 9-incli______________________________________ ___. 08
Cake plates, with lugs_________________________________^__________ ___. 10
Casseroles, 8-inch________________________________________________ ___. 30
Casseroles, 9-inch________________________________________________ ___. 35
Casseroles, 10-inch_______________________________________________ ___. 40
Chambers, toilet_________________________________________________ ___. 25
Chambers, .cable, 6’s______________________________________________ __ . 25
Chambers, cable, 9’s__ ___________________________________________ ___. 25
Chambers, cable, 12’s_______________________________________________ . 20
One-piece mold chamber of the style commonly made in Trenton, com­
plete---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- . 43
Chambers, turned, same as cable.
Combinets---------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- . 50
Creams, individual and toy------------------------------------------------------------ ---- . 06
Creams, block, individual_________________________________________ __ . 06
Cups, ordinary, turned______________________________________________ . 02
Cups, ordinary, sponged__________________________________________ __ . 03
Cups, St. Denis, turned----------------------------------------------------------------- ---- . 02J^
Cups, St. Denis, sponged--------------------------------------------------------------- ---- . 03J^
Cups, hotel, regular______________________________________________ __ .03
Cups, Navy, tulip-------------------------------------------------------------------- .— ' . 04
Cuspidors, jiggered only__________________________________________ __ . 50
Egg cups, double---------------------------------------------- --------------------------------.04
Egg cups, single, “ block” -------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 05
Ewers___________________________________________________________ __ . 30
Ewers, mouth____________________________________________________ __ . 18
Fruits, hotel_____________________________________________________ __ . 04J^
Fruits, plain and festooned-----------------------------------------------------------------. 03J^
Ice creams, plain and festooned------------------------------------------------------ ----. 03J^
Ice creams, hotel-________________________________________________ __ . 04
Jugs, hallboy, 30’s------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 14
Jugs, hallboy, 24’s-----------------------------------------------------------------------------. 15
Jugs, hallboy, 12’s-----------------------------------------------------------------------------. 18
Jugs, ordinary, 42’s----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----.09
Jugs, ordinary, 36’s----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 11
Jugs, ordinary, 30’s________________________________________ ______ __ . 13
Jugs, ordinary, 24’s_______________________________________________ __ .15
Jugs, ordinary, 12’s----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----.18
Jugs, ordinary, 6’s________________________________________________ __ .23
Mugs, toilet_____________________________________________________ __ .09
Mugs, 42’s, turned_______________________________________________ __ . 03
Mugs, 36’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----. 03
Mugs, 30’s, turned---------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------ ----. 03




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

119
Per dozen

Mugs, 24’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------------ $0. 03J^
Mugs, lemonade or soda, jiggering only.
Mugs, 3% inches in height or under________________________________
. 03J^
Mugs, over 3% inches to 4% inches in height_______________________
. 04
Mugs, over 4% inches in height-----------------------------------------------------. 06
Allowance for variation, one-eighth inch.
Glost measurements shall govern.
Mustards, turned____________________________________________ ____
. 02
Mustards, covers______________ ________________________________ . 03
Nappies, plain scalloped, 2J^-inch, inside___________________________
. 07
Nappies, plain scalloped, 3-inch, inside_____________________________
. 07
. 07
Nappies, plain scalloped, 4-inch, inside___ __________________________
Nappies, plain scalloped, 5-inch, inside_____________________________
. 08
Nappies, plain scalloped, 6-inch, inside_____________________________
. 08
Nappies, plain scalloped, 7-inch, inside_____________________________
. 08
Nappies, plain scalloped, 8-inch, inside_____________________________
. 09
Nappies, plain scalloped, 9-inch, inside. __________________________
. 09
Nappies, plain scalloped, 10-inch, inside____________________________
. 09
Nappies, 23^-inch, outside________________________________________
. 08
Nappies, 3-inch, outside__________________________________________
. 08
Nappies, 4-inch, outside__________________________________________
. 08
Nappies, 5-inch, outside__________________________________________
. 10
Nappies, 6-inch, outside___________________________________________
. 10
Nappies, 7-inch, outside__________________ ____________ ___________
. 10
Nappies, 8-inch, outside__________________________________________
. 10
Nappies, 9-inch, outside___________________________ _______________
. 12
Nappies, 10-inch, outside--------------------------------------------------------------.12
Nappies, oyster, 42’s____________________________________________ ^
. 06
Nappies, oyster, 36’s_____________________________________________
. 06
Nappies, oyster, 30’s------------ -------------------------------------------------------. 06
Nappies, oyster, 24’s_____________________________________________
. 06
Oatmeals, 36’s and 30’s-------------------------------- ---------------------------------. 04
Oatmeals, hotel__________________________________________________
. 04
This price shall apply to all oatmeals now made within the official
size list, but it shall not apply to any oatmeal introduced in future
over 6 inches in diameter or
inches in inside depth, glost.
Pails, funnel top_________________________________________________
. 60
Pails, flat top, side straight, with or without inside verge_____________
.50
. 50
Bellied pail, flat top, without inside verge__________________________
Bellied pail, flat top, with inside verge_____________________________
.60
Plates, coupe soups, festoon, 6-inch________________________________
.06
Plates, coupe soups, festoon, 7-inch------------------------- ----------------------. 06
Plates, coupe soups, festoon, 8-inch------------------------------------------------. 07%
. 05
Plates, coupe soups, plain edge, 6-inch__________________ ___________
Plates, coupe soups, plain edge, 7-inch_____________________________
. 06
Plates, coupe soups, plain edge, 8-inch--------------------------------------------. 06%
Coupes, half thick, 7-inch_________________________________________
. 06%
Plates, flat, festooned, 3-inch______________________________________
. 04
Plates, flat, festooned, 4-inch______________________________________
. 04
Plates, flat, festooned, 5-inch______________________________________
. 04
Plates, flat, festooned, 6-inch______________________________________
.05
Plates, flat, festooned, 7-inch______________________________________
. 05j^
Plates, fiat, festooned, 8-inch______________________________________
. 0634
Plates, plain edge, 3-inch__________________________________________
. 03^1
Plates, plain edge, 4-inch__________________________________________
.03%
Plates, plain edge, 5-inch__________________________________________
. 04%
Plates, plain edge, 6-inch__________________________________________
. 04%
Plates, plain edge, 7-inch---------------------- ----------------------------------------. 05%
Plates, plain edge, 8-inch__________________________________________
. 06
Plates, soup, plain edge, 5-inch____________________________ ________
. 04%
Plates, soup, plain edge, 6-inch____________________________________
. 05%
. 05%
Plates, soup, plain edge, 7-inch____________________________________
Plates, soup, plain edge, 8-inch------------------------------------------------------. 06
Plates, soup, festooned, 5-inch__________________________________—
. 05
Plates, soup, festooned, 6-inch------------------ -------------------------------------. 06
. 06J4J
Plates, soup, festooned, 7-inch--------------------------------------------------------




120

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

Per dozen

Plates, soup, festooned, 8-inch_____________________________________ $0. 07J^
Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 3-inch___________ ____________
. 04
Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 4-inch________________________
. 04J^
Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 5-incli________________________
. 05
Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 6-inch________________________
. 05 M
Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 7-inch________________________
. 06ji
Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 8-inch________________________
. 07M
Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 5-inch__________________
. 05
Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 6-inch__________________
. 06
Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 7-inch__________________
. 06H
Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 8-inch__________________
. 073^
Plates, grill, No. 1, T. S. & T., complete____________________________
. 25
Plates, grill, No. 2, T. S. & T., complete____________________________
. 25
Plates, grill, No. 3, T. S. & T., complete____________________________
. 13
Saucers, tea, coffee, toy, and A. D., plain and festooned______________
. 03
Saucers, plain, hotel______________________________________________
. 04
Saucers, plain, hotel, when stamped in clay_____ ___________________
. 04
Saucers, jumbo, festooned_________________________________________
. 05
Saucers, jumbo, plain_____________________________________________
. 04M
Slop jars_________________________________________________________
.90
. 18
Soaps, jigger only, loose drainer (including drainer)______________ ,__
Soaps, jigger only, fast drainer-------------------------------------------------------. 16
Spittoons, low, parlor_____________________________________________
. 18
Spittoons, tall, parlor_____________________________________________
.20
Spittoons, two-piece______________________________________________
. 25
Spoon holders, stuck-up___________________________________________
.09
Sugars, individual, round, complete________________________________
. 05
Sugars, ordinary__________________________________________________
. 20
Sugars, toy_____________________________________________________ . 15
Teapots, ordinary________________________________________________
. 25
Teapots, ordinary, toy____________________________________________
. 16
It is understood that where an advance of one-fourth cent per dozen on plainedge plates, embossed, and of one-eighth cent^ per dozen on plain-edge saucers
and fruits, embossed, have been previously paid, that same advance will apply
over the above prices for plain-edge plates, fruits, and saucers.
The cup maker shall not be charged for losses for which he is not responsible.
It is not intended that the normal losses of finishing, turning, handling or any
work in the completion of the finished cup for the green room shall be within the
meaning of the above.
The firm shall deliver clay to the jigger floor free of charge.
When a clay carrier fails to report for duty, the men he serves shall carry their
own clay with the assistance of their boys, blit not more frequently than one day
each pay; or they shall permit the clay to be delivered to them by a man the
firm may select as a temporary substitute, and such man shall be treated with
courtesy and due consideration.
When a jigger man works with less than a regular crew he shall receive 27 12
cents net for each helper absent.
When a jigger man works alone or with one helper, where a clay carrier is
employed, he shall receive free clay, and in shops where no clay carrier is em­
ployed the firm and the jigger man shall agree on the amount he shall be paid
for the work.
The Me Masters stove room is classed as an ordinary stove room. On the
chain or conveyor stove room one helper shall be considered a full crew, but
when the jigger man on such stove room works alone he shall receive 55 13 cents
bonus and free clay.
Whenever a manufacturer desires that plates shall be sanded and settered, he
shall deliver the sand and setters to the jigger man without charge.
When a manufacturer requires that hotel plates be stamped in the green state
one-quarter (34) of a cent extra shall be allowed for that work.
Jigger men shall not be required to hold their crews longer than 30 minutes
when an accident occurs that cuts off their power.
In the employment of finishers by jigger men the firm shall not require any
discrimination solely on account of sex.
m As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 30.
i* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 50.




APPEN D IX

—WAGE

AGREEM ENT

121

Jigger men shall be relieved of the expense of throwing out old molds and put­
ting in new molds.
Jigger men shall receive 6 7 14 cents net per hour when engaged at putting in
new molds and throwing out old molds.
Jigger men shall continue to pay to batter-out and mold runner present wage
only. Manufacturer to pay 1 0 % 15per cent to batter-out and 1 0 % 15 per cent to
mold runner on total output of jigger based upon net scale prices. On jiggers
where two mold runners are employed the 10 % 15 per cent to mold runners shall
be divided between them.
It is recommended that where any hardship is imposed upon jigger men by
the firm insisting upon the use of a hook scrapper in making cups, some fair
remedy be applied.
It is recommended that any jigger man required to make granite mixing bowls
shall be given a part of his order in better paid work.
" 'J'pro unusual conditions or inconveniences exist beyond the average, the
jigger m m shall receive a percentage extra, the same to be fixed by the standing
committee.
xj a committee representing the jigger men, batters-out, mold runners, and finishers
work, out. a four-way system for paying these branches separately that is satisfactory
to them, their combined wages coming out of the base-scale prices for jiggering with
the plusage in effectf and with the understanding that all adjustments in the wages
of these branches must be settled among themselves, and that the jigger man be re­
sponsible for the work and hiring of the baiter-out, mold runner, and finisher as they
are to-day, a committee from the United States Pottery Association will meet them,
and if the plan is satisfactory to them, indorse it, and, if necessary, make it a part
of the uniform scale. The question of the employment of finishers by the firm shall
be optional with the firm.9
A p p r e n t ic e J ig g e r m e n

Apprentice jigger men may be employed in the following maximum ratio:
One in a total of five jigger men or less, two in ten, and one in each additional five;
the period of apprenticeship shall be two years, and the price a discount of five per
cent throughout the entire period, from the established prices for jiggered work;
in the selection of apprentices the employer shall give preference to competent
jigger men helpers who have been employed at his factory for not less than two
years; should a scarcity of competent jigger men exist, employer shall have the
privilege of putting on jigger at journeyman's wages, any journeyman in the
clay department of his factory; no journeyman shall be discharged to make
room for an apprentice.
It is recommended that a journeyman pressor be given preference when a
vacancy occurs on a jumbo jigger, provided a competent^igger man is not avail­
able.
KILN DRAWERS—MEN
Glost and bisque kilns, 68 17cents per 100 cubic feet.
The drawing boss shall receive 25 cents extra per kiln.
For drawing bisque kilns 78 18cents shall be paid for each extra day allowed
bisque-kiln men for placing excess flat. .
One-half day extra shall be allowed for carrying ware up or down one or more
full stories of stairs.
Kiln drawers shall not be required to start work before 6 o'clock a. m., unless
there is a reasonable necessity for it.
Each firm shall provide an accurate thermometer to be used when kiln drawers
demand it to register the heat of a kiln. If the temperature as shown by the
thermometer is above 130° F. within 2 feet of the crown at the second ring, the
crew can not be required to draw the kiln within the next six hours.
Time and one-half shall be allowed for a third kiln drawn by any crew in one
day.
Time and one-half shall be allowed when a firm requires the drawing of a kiln
on Sunday.
Time and one-half may be allowed by any firm after 5 o'clock when they can
not procure a crew on regular time.
* Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1, 1923.
m As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 70.
As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 12J£
As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 80.
18As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 90.




122

T H E POTTERY IN D U STRY

If the temperature of a kiln registers above 130° F. at 1 o'clock p. m. and the
kiln drawers do not wish to draw it, the firm may have the kiln drawn that night
and pay time and one-half for it.
This agreement is not to be abused by kiln-drawing crews throwing a kiln in
the afternoon for the purpose of drawing at night on extra time.
The joint committee of manufacturers and kiln drawers pledge themselves to
cooperate to prevent this or any other abuse of this agreement.
Kiln drawers shall not be required to wheel, carry, or throw out sagger shards.
Baskets to be used for kiln drawing shall be placed in a location reasonably
convenient to that part of the shop where the kilns are to be drawn.
It is recommended that the firms shall investigate the conditions surrounding
the work of kiln drawing, and where there appears to be an unnecessary long
carry of either sand or empty saggers, that condition shall be remedied.
KILN WORK
Placing bisque kilns, 200 cubic feet a day.
Placing glost kilns, 162 cubic feet a day.
Bench boss, $8.78 18for each day’s work in kiln.
Journeymen kiln men, $ 3 .1 7 20 for each day’s work in the kiln.
Apprentice kiln men, for the first three months, $ 4 .5 0 21 per day; for the bal­
ance of the first year, $ 2 .5 0 22 per kiln man’s day; second year, $2.75 23 per
kiln man’s day; third year, journeyman rate, and he shall receive all extra time
after the first three months.
The difference between the apprentice rate and the journeyman rate shall be
paid to the kiln crew after the first three months until the end of the second
year.
This concession is made to the kiln crew in consideration of the time they give
to teaching the apprentice, and it is understood that the kiln men are to be
responsible for the workmanship of said apprentice.
While the journeyman rate is paid to the apprentice during the third year, it
is understood that his period of apprenticeship does not end until the expiration
of the third year, and he shall remain on that plant for the full three-year period,
except in cases where the firm by which an apprentice is engaged shall shut down
indefinitely, when he may complete his time with any other firm having a va­
cancy for a kiln man. Apprentice kiln men shall be required to serve 18 months
at glost-kiln placing and 18 months at bisque-kiln placing whenever the change
from one branch to the other can be made, without the necessity of discharging
a kiln man from the opposite crew. In shops where there are less than eight
journeymen in the crew they shall be entitled to an apprentice.
When it becomes neecssary to put on an apprentice, he shall serve three years.
The first week he shall be paid out of the office, after which he shall receive a, day
out of the kiln until he has served three months at the trade. If it becomes
necessary to work after 5 o’clock he shall be paid extra.
Where a kiln crew can not be filled with a full complement of steady, com­
petent, regular men, the firm shall make application for relief to the labor shortage
committee, who shall investigate such claim, and upon proof that the firm has
made an honest effort to secure journeymen, and in their judgment the circum­
stances warrant it, they may permit such firm the privilege to start extra appren­
tices.
The wage scale and conditions for apprentice kiln men shall apply to both the
regular and extra apprentices.
Kiln men shall not be required to rub individual butters.
All footed ware to be sponged. Where the ware is not sponged, the kiln men
shall receive 20 cents extra on each kiln man’s day’s work in the kiln for rubbing
ware.
(This settlement was made at the time the uniform list was adopted in Trenton.)
Where there is an ascension of a half story to the green room or dipping room,
there shall be one-half day added to kiln and one full day for full story. Where the
distance from the door of the green room or dipping room is between 60 and 75
feet to the kiln door, an extra half day shall be allowed. Where the distance is
» As amended January, 1923;
10 As amended January, 1923;
» As amended October, 1924;
» As amended January, 1923;
s’ As amended January, 1923;




1920 agreement reads $4.20.
1920 agreement reads $3.52.
1920 agreement reads $4.25.
1920 agreement reads $2.00.
1920 agreement reads $3.05.

APPENDIX— WAGE AGBEEM ENT

123

between 75 and 100 feet, one day extra shall be allowed. Where the distance is
between 100 and 125 feet, an extra one and one-half day shall be allowed.
Every pin bung placed in the first ring shall count two ovals.
Bats substituted for wauvers in the first ring and arches of glost kilns, 3 cents
extra per bung, plus 76 per cent.
When the saggers are placed flat on in the first ring in glost kilns, the kiln
men shall receive one day extra on 14-6 diameter kiln, one and one-half days
extra on a 15-6 diameter kiln, and two days extra on a 16-6 diameter kiln.
A pin boy shall be put on at the request of either the firm or the kiln crew.
The expense shall be borne equally between the firm and the crqw.
Where a pin boy is employed he shall be paid not to exceed two ($2) dollars
per kiln and twenty-five (25) cents per hundred for all pin saggers cleaned for
first ring, plus 76 per cent.
The firm shall pay no part of the wages of a pin boy, except for such time as a
pin boy is employed and does the work.
When kiln men are required to place saggers flat on in bisque kilns, the extra
compensation for this work shall be as follows:
14-6 diameter kiln__________________________________
/zi day.
15-6 diameter kiln__________________________________ 1 day.
16-6 diameter kiln__________________________________ 1J4 days.
F l a t w a r e in F i r s t R in g o f B is q u e K il n

Plates, dishes, coupe soups, oatmeals, saucers, ice creams, and fruits, when
placed in sagger loads only, shall be considered flat ware. All other ware shall be
considered hollow or first ring ware.
The ordinary setting of a bisque kiln shall be as follows: Flat ware in the first
ring four saggers high and in all other rings of the kiln except in the ordinary
topping of green saggers. Hollow ware in the first ring above the first four saggers
and in the ordinary topping of green saggers.
It is provided that a committee be appointed to meet and endeavor to form a new
basis of wages and hours for kiln work.9

Flatware placed in excess of four saggers high in the first ring of kilns, so or­
dered by the firm or its representative, shall be paid for extra at the rate of onefourth day on each day’s work of such excess flatware in the first ring; but if no
such orders shall have been given, or hollow ware is placed in any part of the
balance of the kiln except as specified in the next paragraph above, then no extra
shall be paid on such excess flatware placed in the first ring.
Where there is a shortage of green saggers, the bisque kilns may be topped off
with fired saggers, provided the same class of ware is placed in the fired saggers
that would be placed in the topping of green saggers. Such topping of fired
saggers to pay nothing extra.
Six jack saggers or the equivalent is considered an ordinary topping in the
middle of kiln.
Kiln men shall not be required to wheel, carry or throw out sagger shards.
The firm shall bear the expense of removing all green-ware scraps from the kiln
men’s benches.
All tile, door liners, bitstone, fritt, stain, and glost-kiln props and bats shall be
delivered without expense to kiln men at the door of the kiln in which they are
to be used, and fritt, stain, and bitstone shall be placed in saggers at the expense
of the firm.
All new kilns shall be measured and all old kilns when repaired with new crown
or bottom shall be remeasured after the third firing.
It is recommended that as far as practicable the time and methods employed
for sweeping kiln-shed floors and punching kilns shall be so adjusted as to protect
workmen about the kilns from the injurious effects of dust arising from that work.
The use of oil lamps or torches in kilns shall be discontinued and gas or electric
lights shall be substituted.
Where bisque kilns are fired with coal, they shall not be lighted when the men
are working if it is possible to avoid it and not reduce production.
When kiln men are required to wait for a kiln or material they shall be paid
for all time lost in excess of 15 minutes.
9Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1, 1923.




124

TH E POTTERY IN DU STRY
D e l iv e r y o f G r e e n S a g g e r s t o t h e B is q u e - K il n

M en

On plants where the green saggers were delivered at the expense of the firm
prior to June 1, 1916, they shall continue to deliver them to the kiln men.
On plants where the kiln men have been accustomed to carrying the green
saggers it shall be optional with the manufacturer to deliver the saggers by odd
men, but on the smaller plants where it is impossible to arrange for common labor
to do the work it is agreed that the firm shall pay kiln men for delivering the
green saggers.
To arrive at a piecework price a period of two weeks shall be taken, during
which count shall be kept of the green saggers carried by the kiln men, their time
being figured at the rate of 50 cents per hour.
From the amount paid the kiln men for the work and the number of green
saggers carried, a piecework price per sagger shall be arrived at and this piece­
work price shall govern the work after that time.
MOLD MAKING
Mold makers, net scale, plus 25 25 per cent:

per dozen. _ $0.40
Bakers, 3, 4, 5, 6 inch_______________________________
.65
Bakers, 7, 8, 9 inch________________________________________ do____
. 80
Bakers, 10, 11, 12 inch____________________________________ do_____
_____ d o ____ 1. 50
Basins, outside, all sizes__________________________
Basins, inside, all sizes. _______________________ _____ ______ do____ 1. 75
Basins, mouth, all sizes__________________ __________ _ ___ do____ 1. 10
. 45
Basins, plug________________ _____________________ ______________ each _
.08'
Batters___ ___________________________ ____________ ______ d o ___
Batting and wedging block______________________ ____ _______do____
.25
.60
Bed pans__________________ _____________ _________ ______________ do____
. 50
Bidet pans_________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ____________ do__________
.20
Bird baths, all sizes_________________________________________ _________________________ _____ ____do____
.70
per dozen,.
Bone dishes______________________________________________________ _________ ;_____
.08
Bottom molds______________________________________ _ _ _ _ _each__
.40
Bowls, 42’s____________________ ___________________ per dozen
___ ____
Bowls, 36’s, 30’s, 24’s _ _ _ _ _
__do___
.45
. 60
d o __
Bowls, 18’s__________________________ ___________________
Bowls, 12’s, 9’s_____________________________________ ______ do____ 1. 10
Bowls, 6’s, 4’s_______________________________________ ________ ______________________ ______________ do________ 1. 35
.25
Bowls, punch, two parts__________________________________________ ________ ___________ ______ each__
. 10
Bread trays, round______________ 1__________________________ ______ d o __
. 15
Bread trays, oval_________________________ _’______ ____ _do_____
.45
Brush trays ________ ________________ ______ _______ ____ .d o ____
. 30
______________ d o ______
Brush vases, for pressing.__________ ____ ______________________ __
.35
Brush vases, with frame, for jigger____ _______________________________ _____ ________ do________
. 35
____________ _____ ________ d o ______
Butters, fast drainer, open_____________ ________
. 40
Butters, covered, complete______________________________________________________ ____________ do_____
. 12
Butters, extra bottoms--------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ____ _do_____
. 10
Butters, extra covers________________________________ ___ __do___
. 10
Butters, extra drainers______________________________ ______ do____
. 08
Butters, extra bows____________________________________________________ _________________ ____________ do_ _ _
.55
Butters, covered, seven parts complete_________________________________ ______ do________
. 10
Butters, extra handles______________________________________________________________
.25
Butters, individual______________________ _____________________ ______________ do________
. 15
Cake plates, fancy_________________________________________________________________________ ______do____
.60
Cake stands, 7 to 14 inch___________________ _______ _______ do____
.75
Cake stands, 16 to 20 inch_____________ _____________ ______________ do________
. 15
Celery trays_____________________________________________________________ __________________ ______________ do____
per dozen.. 1. 00
Chair pans, 5 to 7 inch____________ __________________________ _________________ ____
Chair pans, 8-inch and up______________________________________ ____________________ ______________ do____ 1. 50
. 85
Chambers, complete, for pressing_____ _______________ _______ each__
.85
Chambers, complete, with frame, for jigger____________ ______ do____
. 10
Chambers, handles__________________________________________________________________ _ _ ______________ do________
.08
Chambers, bows_________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________ d o ________
.70
per dozen _
Chambers, covers, one-piece mold____________________________________ _ _
1. 10
_______________ do________
Chambers, 12's, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold
88 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 45.




APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

125

Chambers, 9’s and 6’s, uncovered, one-piece mold_________per dozen. $1. 2f
Chambers, 4’s, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold____________do___
1. 4v
Chamber* covers, two-part mold_____________________________ each..
. 20
Covered dishes, all sizes, complete___________________________ do____
. 75
Covered-dish covers, two-part mold_________________________ do____
. 20
Covered-dish handles_______________________________________ do____
. 10
Covered-dish bows----------------------------------------------------- -------- do-----. 08
Covered-dish bottoms______________________________________ do____
. 08
Casseroles, pressed, same as covered dishes.
Creams, individual and restaurant, single mold, for pressing___ do____
. 25
. 20
Creams, double-lipped, single mold, for pressing______________ do____
Creams, 24’s, 30’s, and 36’s, single mold, for pressing_________ do____
. 35
.30
Creams, toy, single mold, for pressing------------------------------------do____
Chocolate pots___________________________ _________________ do____
. 95
Chums for mugs, cups, and bowls-------------------- --------------------- do____
. 10
Chums from 24’s up________________________________________do____
. 18
Combinets, complete_______________________________________ do____
1. 60
Comports, pressed---------------------------------------------------------------do____
. 45
. 25
Comports, three parts______________________________________ do____
Cospadore’s body only_____________________________________ do____
1. 25
Cracker jars, handled______________________________________ do-----. 75
. 65
Cracker jars, unhandled____________________________________ do____
Crucifixes_________________________________________________ do-----. 15
Cups, coffee___________________________________________per dozen. _
. 40
Cups, feed, canary, mocking________________________________ do____
. 30
Cups, toy_______________________________________________ --d o -----. 35
Cups, tea, all sizes_________________________________________ do-----. 40
Dishes, 2f to 6 inch-------------------------------------------------------------do-----. 40
. 65
Dishes, 7 and 8 inch______ c-------------------------------------------------- do____
Dishes, 9 to 12 inch________________________________________ do____
. 75
Dishes, 13 to 18 inch--------------------------------------------------------- ..d o----1. 40
. 30
Dish makers flags, 24 x 24 inch--------------------------------------------- each__
Dish makers flags, 30 x 30 inch----------------------------------- -------- do____
. 40
Ewers, complete, 6’s, 9's, and 12's, for jiggering or pressing----- do____
. 70
Ewers, mouth, complete, for jiggering or pressing____________ do_____
.50
Foot baths________________________________________________ do-----2. 00
Footers, all kinds-------------------------------------------- -------------------- do-----. 10
Grill plates No. 1, T. S. & T ________________________________ do____
. 15
Grill plates No. 2, T. S. & T____ ____________________________do____
. 15
Grill plates No. 3, T. S. & T_______________________________ do____
.10
. 65
Glove boxes--------------------------------------------------- -------------------- do-----Glove boxes, handle-------------------------------------------------------------do.-----. 10
Handles, chamber and jug----------------------------------------------------do____
. 10
Handles, cup and mug pressed___________________ ___________ do-----. 08
Ice creams__________________________ _________________ per dozen. _
. 30
Jardinieres, ordinary, 4-inch_________________________________each..
. 50
Jardinieres, ordinary, 5-inch________________________________ do-----. 50
. 65
Jardinieres, ordinary, 6-inch________________________________ do-----. 65
Jardinieres, ordinary, 7-inch________________________________ do____
Jardinieres, ordinary, 8-inch________________________________ do-----. 75
Jardinieres, ordinary, 9-inch________________________________ do-----. 75
Jardinieres, ordinary, 10-inch_______________________________ do____
. 95
Jardinieres, ordinary, 11-inch_______________________________ do____
. 95
Jardinieres, ordinary, 12-inch_______________________________ do____
1. 10
Jardinieres, ordinary, 14-inch_______________________________ do____
1. 50
Jars, flat top, body only_______________________________ per dozen. _
. 50
. 25
Jar covers, flat_____________________________________________do-----Jelly cans___________________________________. . ____________ do-----. 50
Jigger heads_______________________ ________________________each. _
. 20
Jugs, 4’s, for pressing____________________ :__________________ do____
. 60
Jugs, 6’s, for pressing_______________________________________do-----. 55
Jugs, 12’s, for pressing______________________________________do____
. 45
Jugs, 24’s to 48’s, for pressing______________________ ________ do-----. 35
Jug covers, two-part mold__________________________________ do____
. 20
Jug handles_______________________________________________ do— „
. IQ
86315°—26----- 9




126

THE pottery

industry

Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 12’s____________________________ _____each.. $0. 50
Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 24’s_________________________________ do----------. 40
Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 30’s_________________________________ do— r . 40
Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 36’s_________________________________ do----------. 40
Jugs, jiggered, 4's---------------------------------------------------------------- do----------. 65
Jugs, jiggered, 6’s---------------------------------------------------------------- do----------. 60
Jugs, jiggered, 12’s_________________________________________ do----------. 50
Jugs, jiggered, 24’s to 42's__________________________________ do----------. 40
Ladles, soup and sauce_____________________________________ do----------. 15
Ladles, cup___________________________________________ per dozen.. _ . 40
Lead rings_________________________________________________ each__
. 37J^
. 35
Mugs, one-piece mold, jiggered_________________________ per dozen__
Mugs, toilet, jiggered_______________________________________eactu_
. 30
Mugs, pressed, complete____________________________________do----------. 35
Mugs, shaving, complete________ ___________________________do----------. 30
Mugs, shaving, partition only_______________________________ do----------. 10
Mugs, jiggered with frame__________________________________ do----------. 35
Mustards_________________________________________________ do______ . 30
Mustards, jiggered__________________________________ per dozen----------. 35
Mustard covers____________________________________________ do______ . 25
Nappies, 2J^ to 5 inch______________________________________do----------. 50
Nappies, 6 to 8 inch________________________________________do----------. 65
Nappies, 9 and 10 inch__________ ___________________________do______ . 75
Nappies, oval and square,
to 5 inch______________ _______ do______ . 60
Nappies, oval and square, 6 to 8 inch________________________ do______ . 67J^
Nappies, oval and square, 9 and 10 inch_____________________ do--------- . 80
Oatmeals__________________________________________________do______ . 45
Patch boxes, body_________________________________________ do______ . 35
Patch boxes, covers________________________________________ do--------- . 25
Pickles____________________________________________________ do--------- . 70
Pin trays__________________________________________________ do------ --- . 75
Plates, pie, 6 to 8 inch______________________________________do--------- . 55
, Plates, pie, 9 and 10 inch___________________________________ do--------- . 65
Plates,
to 4 inch___ ____________________________________ do--------- . 35
Plates, 5 and 6 inch___ 7 1 __________________________________ do______ . 40
Plates, 7 and 8 inch________________________________________ do--------- . 45
Plates, bread, jiggered______________________________________ each__ . 10
Puff boxes_________________________________________________ do--------- . 42
Rings, notched__________________________________________ __do------ --- . 18
Rings, single_______________________________________________ each__ . 12
Ring stand, hand and tree__________________________________ do______ . 10
Ring stand bowls______________________________________ per dozen____ . 30
Sugars, complete, for jiggering or pressing____________________ each__ . 75
Sugar covers, two-part mold________________________________ do______. 20
Sugar covers, one-piece mold for jigger__________________ per dozen____. 70
Sugar handles______________________________________________each-. . 10
Sugar bowls_______________________________________________ do______. 08
Saucers, tea and coffee_________________________________ per dozen___. 30
Saucers, toy and A. D ______________________________________ do______.30
Saucers, fruit______________________________________________ do______. 30
Salads_____________________________________________________each____. 45
Sauce boats, complete______________________________________ do______. 45
Sauce boats, stands____________________________________ per dozen. _ . 70
Sick feeders________________________________________________each____. 25
Ship bottles________________________________________ _______ do______. 45
Slop jars, l ’s_______________________________________________do______1. 90
Slop jars, 2 ’s and 3’s________________________________________do______ 1. 65
Soaps, covered_____________________________________________ do______. 50
Soaps, fast drainer__________________________________________do______ .2 0
Soaps, slabs______________________ _________________________do______. 08
Soaps, slabs with hoops_____________________________________ do______. 10
Soaps, hanging, three parts_________________________________ do______. 25
Spit cups, fast tops or loose_______ __________________________do---------. 35
Spittoons, four pieces_____________________________ _________ do---------. 50
Stove founts__________________ ________________________per dozen___. 45
Teapots, all sizes_______________ ____________________________ each.. . 95




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT
Teapots, handles____________________________ _________ .per dozen. .
Teapots, spout, single---------------------------------------------------------- do-----Teapots, spout, double_____________________________ ________ do____
Teapot covers, two-part mold------------------------- ----------------------do____
Verge molds__________________________________ ____________ do____
Tureens, sauce, all sizes, complete-------------------------------- -------- do____
Tureens, sauce, stands-------------------------- ------- ----------------------- do____
Tureens, soup and oyster, all sizes, complete_________________ do____
Tureens, soup, stands______________________________________ do____
Urinals_____________________________________ ______________ do____
Whirlers__________________________________________________ do____
M olds

for

127
$. 10
. 10
. 20
. 20
.08
. 75
. 10
1. 00
. 15
. 50
. 3 7^

Casting

Covered dishes, one in mold, handles attached________________ each..
. 65
Covered dish, handles, 12 handles in mold, H. L. C. Co_______ do____
. 35
Covered dish, bows, 12 bows in mold, H. L. C. Co__________ ^_do____
. 35
Casseroles, one in mold, handles attached____________________ do____
. 65
Ewers, one in mold, handles attached_______ ________________ do____
. 65
Ewer mouth, one in mold, handles attached__________________ do____
. 40
. 25
Handle moulds, cup, one dozen in mold, S. C. settlement______do____
Handle molds, cup, two dozen in mold, S. C. settlement_______do____
. 35
Handle molds, covered dish, one dozen in mold, H. L. C. Co_____ d o .___
. 35
Handle molds, jug, hallboy, eight handles in mold, H. L. C. Co__ do____
.45
Handle molds, mug, one dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement..do___
. 30
Handle molds, mug, two dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement. _do ___
.45
Jugs, 4’s, one in mold, handle attached________________________ do____
. 50
Jugs, 6,s, one in mold, handle attached________________________ do____
.45
Jugs, 12’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____
. 35
Jugs, 24’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____
.30
Jugs, 30's, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____
. 30
All smaller jugs and creams, single jug mold, handle attached____ do____
.30
All above prices on jugs of all sizes apply only when molds are made
in the lock bottom form.
Multiple molds of two or three compartments for jugs 30’s and smaller
sizes and creams, with or without handles attached___________ each. .
. 50
Multiple molds for other articles, molasses cans, etc., similar in style
and size to above described_______________________________ each..
. 50
Sauce boats, regular, one in mold, handles attached___________ d o .___
. 40
Sauce boats, regular, two in mold, handles attached___________do____
. 50
Sauce boats, regular, double lip, one in mold, handles attached..do___
. 45
Sauce boats, regular, double lip, two in mold, no handles______ do____
. 50
Sauce tureens, one in mold, handles attached_________________ do____
. 65
Sugars, one in mold, handles attached_______________________ do____
. 65
. 35
Sugar cover bows, 24 in mold, per mold, S. C. settlement______do____
Sugar cover molds, six covers in mold, S. C. settlement________do____
. 50
Tankard individual creams, four in mold, for casting, West End Pot­
tery Co_________________________________________________ each..
. 65
. 85
Teapots, one in mold, handles attached______________________ do____
Urinals, one in mold, handles attached_______________________ do____
. 45
All one-piece molds with handle mold separate, same prices as
pressing molds.
Soap slab, two-part mold, for casting, West End Pottery Co___ each..
. 15
The work of each mold maker shall be counted separately, and each shall
be paid separately from the office. Buckets, coddles, and soap shall be furnished
without cost to the mold maker.
The ratio of apprentices to journeymen mold makers in the entire general-ware
trade shall not exceed one to four. No shop shall be entitled to more than 50
per cent of its full force of mold makers in apprentices. No shop shall be
entitled to an apprentice until it can provide reasonably steady work for at
least one journeyman and one apprentice. No shop shall be entitled to a sec­
ond apprentice until it employs at least four journeymen, nor to a third apprentice
until it employs at least seven journeymen. The term of apprenticeship shall
be five years; the apprentice shall be given the opportunity to thoroughly learn
blocking and casing during the last two years of his service as an apprentice;




128

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

the apprentice shall receive his wages directly from the office at the following
scale of discounts, from mold making list, plus 3 5 26 per cent:
First year, 33J6 per cent discount from fist.
Second year, 25 per cent discount from list.
Third year, 20 per cent discount from list.
Fourth year, 15 per cent discount from list.
Fifth year, 15 per cent discount from list.
No journeyman mold maker shall be discharged to make room for an appren­
tice and no apprentice at present employed shall be discharged for the purpose
of establishing the foregoing ratio.
B l o c k in g a n d C a s in g

To experienced workmen, a list of whom is to be made, $ 1 27 net per hour. All
other mold makers unlisted who may be given work at blocking and casing shall
receive journeyman price, less 10 per cent for the first year, after which they
shall receive the full rate.
PRESSING
Add 5 1 28 per cent to the following prices:
Per dozen

Bed pans, No. 1____________________________________________________ $1. 05
Bed pans, No. 2 ____________________________________________________ 1. 00
Bed pans, jumbo___________________________________________________
1. 25
Bidet pans, 17-inch_________________________________________________ 1. 40
Bidet pans, 18-inch _ ________________________________________________ 1. 50
Bird baths, 24's____________________________________________________
. 15
Bird baths, 30's____________________________________________________
. 14
Bird baths, 36’s____________________________________________________
. 13
Bone dishes, footed_________________________________________________
. 25
Bone dishes, unfooted_______________________________________________
. 15
Bread trays________________________________________________________
. 65
Brush trays, footed_________________________________________________
. 60
Brush vases, fast footed_____________________________________________
.30
Butters, hotel, fast drainers_________________________________________
. 55
Butters, loose drainers______________________________________________
. 64
Butters, bodies_____________________________________________________
. 35
Butters, covers_____________________________________________________
. 20
Butters, drainers___________________________________________________
.09
Casseroles, round, 7-inch____________________________________________
. 97
Casseroles, round, 8-inch____________________________________________
1. 06
Casseroles, round, 9-inch____________________________________________
1. 20
Casseroles, round, 10-inch__________________________ ________________
1. 33
. 14
Casseroles, covers, notching_________________________________________
Chambers, 6’s_______________ ______________________________________
.97
Chambers, 9's_____________ J_______________________________________
.8 8
Chambers, uncovered, 6’s___________________________________________
. 65
Chambers, uncovered, 9’s___________________________________________
. 60
Chamber covers, 6’s________________________________________________
.32
Chamber covers, 9’s________________________________________________
.28
Chocolate pots, ordinary____________________________________________
1. 00
Comports, 6-inch___________________________________________________
.45
Comports, 7-inch___________________________________________________
. 51
Comports, 8-inch_________ _________________________________________
.55
Comports, 9-inch___________________________________________________
.60
Comports, 10-inch__________________________________________________
. 65
Comports, 11-inch___________ ___________________ __________________
.70
Cospadores, unhandled, uncovered, l ’s_______________________________
1. 47
Cospadores, unhandled, uncovered, 2’s_______________________________
1. 29
Cospadores, unhandled, uncovered, 3’s_______________________________
1. 10
Cospadores, handled, l ’s____________________________________________
2. 02
Cospadores, handled, 2 ’s____________________________________________
1. 84
Cospadores, handled, 3’s____________________________________________
1. 61
Cospadores, covers only, all sizes_____________________________________
.32
26 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 57.
17 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $1.15
88 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 75.




APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

129

Per dozen
Covered dishes, oval, 5-inch_________________________________________ $0. 86
Covered dishes, oval, 6-inch_________________________________________
. 92
Covered dishes, oval, 7-inch_________________________________________
1. 01
Covered dishes, oval, 8-inch_________________________________________
1. 11
Covered dishes, oval, 9-inch_________________________________________
1. 24
Covered dishes, oval, 10-inch________________________________________
1. 38
Differential in size shall not be over % inch between 5 and 6 inch
covered dishes.
Cracker jars, handled_______________________________________________
.85
Cracker jars, unhandled_____________________________________________
.70
Creams, 30's_______________________________________________________
. 42
Creams, 24’s_______________________________________________________
.45
Creams, block______________________________________________________
. 22
Creams, toy________________________________________________________
. 22
Ewers, 9’s, all shapes_______________________________________________
1. 00
Ewers, 12’s, all shapes______________________________________________
. 85
. 45
Ewers, mouth, small ordinary_______________________________________
Ewers, mouth, toilet________________________________________________
. 55
. 45
Ewers, mouth, slabs________________________________________________
Foot baths, 14’s____________________________________________________
4. 14
Foot baths, 15’s____________________________________________________
4. 83
5. 52
Foot baths, 16’s____________________________________________________
Jugs, 48’s__________________________________________________________
. 31
Jugs, 42’s__________________________ :_______________________________
. 34
Jugs, 36’s_______________________________________________ __________
. 40
Jugs, 30’s__________________________________________________________
. 46
Jugs, 24’s_________________________________________ ________________
. 50
Jugs, 12’s__________________________________________________________
. 55
Jugs, 6’s___________________________________________________________
. 70
Jugs, 4’s___________________________________________________________
. 85
. 50
Jugs, Rocaille, 30’s_________________________________________________
Jugs, Rocaille, 24’s_________________________________________________
. 55
Jugs, Rocaille, 12’s_________________________________________________
. 65
. 80
Jugs, Rocaille, 6’s___________________ :_______________________________
Jugs, Rocaille, 4’s__________________________________________________
1. 00
The above is not intended to have any bearing on special prices
that have been established for pressing jugs of difficult shapes where
those prices are equal to or higher than those here listed, but the
abfcve shall be the minimum for any shape.
Jugs, fork handle, 12’s______________________________________________
1. 15
Jugs, fork handle, 6’s_______________________________________________
1. 25
Jugs, fork handle, 4’s_______________________________________________
1. 50
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 24’s__________________________________________
. 55
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 12’s____________________ 1__________ ^_________
. 69
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 6’s___________________________________________
. 92
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 4’s______________ 5 ___________________________
1. 15
Plain round top covered jugs, price and one-half of regular jugs.
. 45
Molasses cans, with stands__________________________________________
Molasses cans, without stands_______________________________________
. 39
Mugs, toilet________________________________________________________
. 28
Mustard covers (Laughlin China Co.) pressing________________________
. 18
Nappies, square, scalloped, inside mold, all sizes, per dozen_____________
. 25
Pickles, plain ordinary______________________________________________
. 28
Pickles, scalloped or festooned_______________________________________
. 33
Salads, 6’s, unfooted____________________________________________ ____
. 55
Salads, 7’s unfooted_________________________________________________
. 65
Salads, 8’s, unfooted________________________________________________
. 75
Salads, 9’s, unfooted________ _______________________________________
. 85
Salads, 10’s, unfooted_______________________________________________
. 95
Sauce boats, single handle___________________________________________
. 60
Sauce boats, double handle__________________________________________
. V8
Sauce boats, ladles__________________________________________________
. 25
Sauce boats, stands_________________________________________________
.33
Sauce boats, fast stand, unhandled____________ _______________________
. 93
Sauce boats, fast stand, double handle________________________________
1. 16




130

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY
Per dozen

Sick feeders, spout on front________________________________________$0.
Sick feeders, spout on side_________________________________________
.46
Slop jars, No. 1__________________________________________________
2. 58
Slop jars, No. 2 __________________________________________________
2. 40
Slop-jar covers___________________________________________________
. 32
Soaps, round, fast drainers____________________ ___________________
. 28
Soaps, oval, fast drainers____________ _____________________________
.30
Soaps, oval, covered and drainer, complete_________________________
. 60
Soaps, hanging___ ______ _________________________________________
. 46
. 11
Soaps, slabs_________, __________________ _________________________
Soaps, box_______________________________________________________
.33
Soup ladles, l ’s__________________________________________________
.34
Soup ladles, 2’s _________________________________________________
.32
Soup ladles, 3’s__ .___________________ ____________________________
. 30
. 41
Spitting cups___ .________________________________________________
Spittoons, rs, ordinary______________________________________ _____
. 79
. 60
Spittoons, 3’s, ordinary___________________________________________
Spittoons, 4’s, ordinary_______________ i ___________________________
. 55
Spittoons, 5’s, ordinary________________________ .__________________
. 50
Spittoons, 6’s, ordinary___________________________________________
. 44
Spittoons, parlor_________________________________________________
.69
Spittoons, low parlor_____________________________________________
. 55
Spoon holders, double handle______________________________________
. 45
Spoon holders, unhandled_________________________________________
. 28
Sugars, 24’s______________________________________________________
. 64
Sugars, 30’s---------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 60
. 41
Sugars, toy______________________________________________________
Teapots, round or oval___________________________________________
1. 00
Tureens, oval, 9-inch_____________________________________________
2. 76
Tureens, oval, 10-inch____________________________________________
2. 99
Tureens, oval, 11-inch____________________________________________
3. 22
1. 35
Tureens, oyster, round, 9’s____________________________ ___________
Tureens, oyster, round, 10’s_______________________________________ 1. 50
Tureens, sauce_____________________________ _____________________
1. 00
Tureens, sauce, stands____________________________________________
. 33
Tureens, sauce, ladles_____________________________________________
.25
1. 48
Tureens, soup, round, 8-inch---------------------------------------------------------Tureens, soup, round, 9-inch______________________________________
1. 84
Tureens, soup, round, 10-inch--------------------------------------------------------- 2. 07
Tureens, soup, round, 11-inch_____________________________________
2. 30
Tureens, soup, round, 12-inch--------------------------------------------------------- 2. 54
Tureens, stands for oval, 9-inch-----------------------------------------------------.55
Tureens, stands for oval, 10-inch__________________________________
.64
Tureens, stands for oval, 11-inch----------------------------------------------------- . 74
Tureens, stands for round, 8-inch__________________________________
. 28
Tureens, stands for round, 9-inch__________________________________
. 33
. 44
Tureens, stands for round, 10-inch_________________ _______________
Tureens, stands for round, 11-inch_________________________________
. 50
Tureens, stands for round, 12-inch_________________________________
. 55
Urinals, male____________________________________________________
•65
Urinals, female___________________________________________________ . 70
In the combined pressing and casting trades the proportion of apprentices
shall not exceed one apprentice to five journeymen in any one firm, it being un­
derstood that no apprentice or journeyman shall be discharged in order to
establish this ratio.
It is also agreed that when the manufacturer with a full quota of apprentices
desires an additional presser and is unable to obtain a competent journeyman
after application to the secretary of the National Brotherhood of Operative
Potters, he is at liberty to put on an extra apprentice beyond the established
ratio.
It is also understood that there shall be no limitation upon the class of work
that either journeymen or apprentice pressers shall do in any pottery where the
foregoing ratio is established.
The apprentice presser shall serve five years before becoming journeyman and
shall be paid at the rate of 33% per cent off first year; 25 per cent off second




APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

131

year; 20 per cent off third year; 15 per cent off fourth year; 10 per cent off fifth
year; sixth year and thereafter, journeyman. It being understood that appren­
tices shall receive their advances each year as they become due.
Specially difficult shapes, prices to be settled by standing committee.
Clay to be delivered by the firm to floor on which it is used free of charge.
One-third shall be deducted from price of a footed article when same is made
without foot.
One-half of the price of an unfooted article shall be added when same is made
with foot.
O n th e q u e s t io n o f p lu g g in g te a p o ts w h ic h h a d b e e n r e fe r r e d to th e la b o r c o m ­
m itte e a n d th e e x e c u tiv e b o a rd f o r s e ttle m e n t, i t w a s a g r e e d th a t th e w e s te r n m e m b e r s
o f t h e s e t w o b o a r d s w o u l d t a k e t h e q u e s t i o n u p a n d m a k e a n a d j u s t m e n t .•

P r e s s in g Sp e c ia l t ie s

Celery trays, jardinieres, spice stands, umbrella stands, glove boxes, pedestals,
berry dishes, cake plates, ewer slabs, salt cups, olive trays, slaw dishes, salonettes,
fruits, water filters, orange bowls, ash trays, pin trays, mustards, taborets,
manicure sets, and jellies—prices to be settled by standing committees if not
otherwise agreed upon.
PACKING
Add 3 5 30 per cent to crates, boxes, and other packages paying less than 10 cents each, and to all
other packages add 6 1 31 per cent.
Each

No. 00__________________________________________________________ $0. 50
No. 0___________________________________________________________
32. 5 5
No. 1____________________________________________________________ ™ . 5 0
No. 2___________________________________________________________
™ .5 0
No. 3_*________________________________________ - _________________
34. 4 S
No. 4__._________________________________________________________ 35. 8 5
No. 5___________________________________________________________
.25
No. 6___________________________________________________________
.20
No. 7 or 24-inch barrels___________________________________________ 36. 1 8
22-inch barrels___________________________________________________
. 15
20-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12*^
19-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12J^
18-inch barrels___________________________________________________
. 12
17-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12J^
16-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12^
14-inch barrels-------------------- -------------------------------------------------------. 10
All scheme-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------.10
All kegs__________________________________ _______________________
.10
Crates and boxes measuring inside 3,400 cubic inches or less___________
.05
Crates and boxes measuring inside between 3,400 and 5,500 cubic inches
. 08
100-piece to 112-piece dinner sets in crates or boxes of any size------------. 10
All other crates and boxes at prices of barrels or casks of corre­
sponding size.
The firm shall have the option of employing all packers at day wage, and of
paying all packers either on day wage or on piecework, individually from office.
Packers, on day wage 7 6 37 cents per hour.
Nine hours shall constitute a day’s work, with the exception of pay Saturday,
which shall be eight hours.
Where a foreman packer is employed over a day wage crew, the wages of such
foreman shall be adjusted between him and his employer.
Wagons or trucks shall be packed by recognized packers, when the goods are
for a customer’s store.
9Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1, 1923.
30As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 60.
31As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87.
32As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .45.
» As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .40.
m As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .35.
34As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .30.
36As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .15.
37As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads £7.




132

T H E POTTERY INDUSTRY

T h e a d v a n c e i n b a s e -s c a le p r i c e s e ffe c tiv e i n F e b r u a r y , 1 9 2 3 , w e r e b a s e d o n th e
fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s :
F i r s t. O n a ll c a s k s th a t w e ig h 5 0 0 p o u n d s o r m o r e w h e n p a c k e d e v e r y sta v e m u s t
b e n a ile d th r o u g h b oth b ilg e h o o p s .
L i n e r s m u s t b e p u t o n a ll c a s k s la r g e r th a n a N o . 5 .
T h e lo c k s o f th e q u a rte r o r u n d e r h ea d h o o p s m u s t b e s e c u r e ly n a ile d .
S e c o n d . A l l f la t w a r e a n d a ll b a k e r s , n a p p i e s , b o w ls , b u tte r c o v e r s , o a t m e a ls , e tc .,
m u s t b e s tra w e d o n th e f lo o r .
T h e q u a n tity o f s tra w sh a ll n o t b e s k im p e d .
E v ery
p i e c e m u s t b e s e p a r a te d f r o m e v e r y o th e r w ith s u ffic ie n t s tr a w f o r a m p l e p r o t e c t i o n .
N o tw o o r m o r e p i e c e s s h a ll b e p a c k e d to g e th e r w ith o u t s tr a w b e tw e e n th e m .
C om b in e ts a n d c h a m b e r s m u s t be s tu ffe d w ith s m a ll w a r e i f th e r e i s a n y o n th e o r d e r .
T h ir d . T h e w a r e s h a ll n o t b e p a c k e d b y th e m e th o d c a lle d “ c r o s s i n g s , ” b u t a ll
f la t w a r e a n d a ll c h a m b e r s , c o m b in e t s , b a k e r s , n a p p i e s , b o w ls , e tc ., m u s t b e p a c k e d
i n r in g s i n th e c a s k , i n th e e q u iv a le n t o f tw o la y e r s o f 7 -in c h p la t e s , o n e la y e r o f s a u c e r s ,
a n d tw o la y e r s o f c u p s , w h ic h s h a ll b e c o n s id e r e d th e r ig h t q u a n tit y o f w a r e to f il l
a N o . 2 or a N o . 8 ca sk.
U n le s s t h e y a r e w r a p p e d i n p a p e r th e b o d ie s a n d c o v e r s o f s u g a r s a n d t e a p o t s s h a ll
b e s e p a r a te d w ith s tr a w .
I n d iv id u a l b u tte rs sh a ll n o t b e d u m p e d i n th e p a c k a g e b u t m u s t b e c a r e fu l l y p a c k e d
in row s.
F o u r t h . E v e r y s e p a r a t e d la y e r m u s t b e c a r e fu l l y a n d th o r o u g h ly p a d d e d i n a ll
c a s k s a n d b a r r e ls la r g e r th a n a 1 6 - i n c h b a r r e l.
E n o u g h c h a ff o r stra w m u s t be
p u t i n th e t o p o f c a s k s s o th a t i t w ill b e i m p o s s i b l e to h e a d o f f a c a s k w h ile th e p a c k e r
s ta n d s o n th e flo o r .
A l l h ea d s o f c a s k s la r g e r th a n a N o . 5 m u s t be tr a m p e d in .
F ifth . A n y r e q u e s t m a d e b y th e f ir m f o r a n y m e th o d
o f p a c k i n g , o th e r th a n th a t
o u t lin e d a b o v e , l o o k in g to a b e tte r m e n t o f th e tv o r k s h a ll b e c h e e r f u l l y c o m p li e d w it h .
S i x t h . T h e f i r m s h a ll h a v e th e p r iv ile g e o f h a v in g p a c k i n g d o n e a t e it h e r d a y
w a g e o r p i e c e w o r k a t th e r a te s s p e c if i e d i n th e a g r e e m e n t.
S e v e n th . T h e r e s h a ll be n o o b je c t i o n m a d e b y th e p a c k e r s to r e a s o n a b le i n s p e c t i o n
a n d s u p erv isio n .
E ig h th . T h e f i r m m a y h a v e a n y o r a ll o f th e a b o v e s p e c if i c a ti o n s p r o m f n e n t l y
p o s te d i n th e p a c k i n g d e p a r tm e n t.

A p p r e n t ic e P a c k e r s

Day wage, first year, $3.35 per day.38
Second year, journeyman, less 10 per cent.
Third year, journeyman rate.
Piece work, first year, 20 per cent off.
Second year, 10 per cent off.
Third year, journeyman rate.
While the journeyman rate is paid to the apprentice during the third year it
is understood that his period of apprenticeship does not end until the expiration
of the third year, and he shall remain on that plant for the full three-year period.
An apprentice may be put on whenever it is not possible to secure a competent
journeyman.
When journeyman packers are required to wait for work they shall be paid for all
time lost in excess of 15 minutes at the rate of 7 6 87 cents net per hour.
It is recommended that all firms provide comfortably heated packing sheds
during the winter months, and that they provide a suitable shelter for protecting
returned packages and their contents from the weather.
Sets packed (in straw or otherwise) in paper cartons or less than 42 pieces
of dinnerware, may be packed at day wage, pending settlement by committee
of a piecework price list. This does not cancel the ruling of the standing com­
mittee on case before them June 23, 1915.
P r ic e s f o r P a c k in g G e n e r a l W a r e A p p r o v e d b y E a s t e r n G e n e r a l W a r e
St a n d in g C o m m it t e e
Each

Crates, packed with toilet sets, umbrella stands and large jardinieres._ $0. 55
Crates, packed with teas__________________________________________ __ . 60
Crates, packed with all other ware_________________________________ __ . 58
Size of casks

No. 00 cask and No. 1 Demerara__________________________
No. 0 cask and No. 2 Demerara___________________________

Head Stave

42 x 42
40 x 42

37 As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87.
MAs amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads “ prevailing price for unskilled labor/'




. 50
. 45

133

APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT
Size of casks

Head Stave

Each

No. 1 cask and No. 3 Demerara___________________________ 38 x 42
$0. 40
No. 2 cask, sugars and molasses----------------------------------------- 36 x 40
. 40
No. 3 cask and sodas_____________________________________ 32 x 40
. 35
. 30
No. 4 casks and clay tierce------------------------------------------------ 30 x 36
No. 5 cask and full tierce____________ ____________________ 27 x 36
. 25
No. 6 cask and three-fourths tierce________________________ 22 x 36
. 20
No. 7 cask and barrel and half tierce______________________ 24 x 30
. 15
22-inch barrels___________________________________________ 22 x 30
. 15
20-inch barrels___________________________________________ 20 x 30
. 12J4
19-inch barrels___________________________________________ 19 x 30
. 1234
. 12J4
18-inch barrels_________________________ _________________ 18 x 30
17-inch barrels_____________________________ _____________ 17 x 30
. 12
16-inch barrels___________________________________________ 16 x 24
. 1234
14-inch barrels___________________________________________ 14 x 24
. 10
Kegs_____________ , _____________________________________________
. 10
Small crate boxes________________________________________________
. 08
Small boxes______________________________________________________
.05
Loose packing without strawing, that is loose bungs put in packages, twothirds of regular packing price, per package.
Unpacking full packages to be paid same as regular prices for packing, if d<*ne
by a journeyman packer, but it is optional with the firm whether they have the
packer, warehouseman or others to do unpacking.
Packing cars, to be done day wage.
The “ small crate boxes” on this list are understood to mean boxes that com­
pare in size with the following sizes of “ small crates,” packed in the West at 8
cents each:
No. 1, 20z/ i inches long, 17 inches wide, 18 inches deep.
No. 2 , 1934 inches long, 14J^ inches wide, 14 inches deep.
No. 3, 18J4 inches long, 12 inches wide, 10 inches deep.
All boxes smaller than the above sizes shall be known as small boxes, at 5
cents each.
SAGGER MAKING
Including mauling, add 4 2 39 per cent; without mauling, add 4 1 2 per cent to the following prices:
Each

Bats------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $0. 03
Bed pans________________________________________________________ __ . 05
Bisque hilliers____________________________________________________* . 04
Bisque plates, 8-inch________________________________________________ . 05
Bisque ringers, cut bottom------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 06
Bisque steaks, 14 and 16 inch_____________________________________ __ . 05
Bisque steaks, 18-inch------------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 08
Chambers, common height, quarts regular and 3-pint________________ __ . 05
Claming brick___________________________________________________ __ . 02
Combinets, single------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 05
Combinet pail and sagger made off an 8-inch bisque drum___________ __ .05
Crown circle_____________________________________________________
1. 00
Cups, round or oval_____________________________________________ ___ . 04
Draw through sagger, common____________________________________ __ . 06
Door lining______________________________________________________ __ .05
Ewers___________________________________________________________ __ . 05J4
Gill flippers and score cups________________________________________ __ . 05
Glost hilliers_____________________________________________________ __ . 05
Jugs-------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------. 05
Slops, pails and combinets made off a slop-jar drum_________________ __ . 0534
Washbowls, ordinary----------------------------- -------------------------------------------. 05
Washbowls, over 62 inches in circumference________________________ __ #06
Washbowls, 65 inches or over in circumference______________________ __ . 09
Saggers— Glost
Banjos, single____________________________________________________ __ . 10
Banjos, double_________ 1------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 13
Covered dishes___________________________________________________ __ . 13
1 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.
3* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 64.




134

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

Each

Jardinieres, double_______________________________________________ $0. 10
Oval steaks, 9’s__________________________________________________
. 10
Oval steaks, 10’s_________________________________________________
. 10
Oval steaks, 12's_________________________________________________
. 10
Oval steaks, 14’s_________________ _— -----------------------------------------. 10
Oval steaks, 16's_________________________________________________
. 10
Oval steaks, 18’s_________________________________________________
. 13
. 08
Oval deckers, punched, or with props_____________________________ _
Plates, 8-inch____________________________________________________
.08
Single banjo covers_______________________________________________
. 10
Single round covers_______________________________________________
. 08
Washbowl ringers________________________________________________
. 08
Washbowls______________________________________________________
. 08
Yolks, double____________________________________________________
. 13
Single jardinieres_____________________________________ i --------------. 07
All pin saggers shall be stripped outside punch holes when the firm so desires.
Where sagger machine is installed a competent journeyman sagger maker
shall be given the preference to operate such machine. All helpers on the machine
shall be selected by the firm.
Sagger makers working on sagger machine, 7 6 81 cents per hour.
The sagger maker's helper shall serve three years' apprenticeship. The firm
shall pay his wages for the first two weeks and he shall remain in the employ of
the firm until he finishes his trade.
The firm shall assume charge of preparing all clay.
Before accepting the prepared clay the sagger maker must pass upon the work,
after which he can make no complaint that the work of mixing and pugging was
not properly done.
STICKING-UP AND FINISHING
Add 51 ’ * per cent to the following prices:
Per dozen

Butters, plate bottom, three pieces--------------------------------------------------$0. 16
Extra covers_____________________________________________________
. 10
Extra bottoms___________________________________________________
. 03
Extra drainers-----------------------------------------------------------------------------. 03
Butters, round, ordinary, three pieces--------------------------------------------.20
Butters, cable, three pieces------------------------------------------------------------. 22
Casseroles, 8-inch-------------------------------------------------------------------------. 40
Casseroles, 9-inch-------------------------------------------------------------------------. 45
Casseroles, 10-inch-----------------------------------------------------------------------. 50
Chambers, toilet, 9’s______________________________________________
. 30
Chambers, cable, 12’s_____________________________________________
. 25
Chambers, cable, 9’s______________________________________________
. 25
Chambers, cable, 6’s______________________________________________
. 30
Combinets_______________________________________________________
.50
. 25
Cospadores, unhandled and uncovered_____________________________
Cospadores, handled and uncovered________________________________
. 50
Creams, individual, block_________________________________________
. 06
Creams, toy---------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 10
Ewers___________________________________________________________
.30
Ewers, mouth____________________________________________________
. 18
Graham egg cups (Laughlin China Co.), sticking-up complete________
. 15
Jugs, 48’s________________________________________________________
. 14
Jugs, 42’s-------------------------------- ------- -------------------------------------------. 15
Jugs, 36’s________________________________________________________
. 15
Jugs, 30's---------------------------------- ------- -----------------------------------------. 17
Jugs, 24’s________________________________________________________
. 17
Jugs, 12’s___________________________________________________________ 19
Jugs, 6’s_________________________________________________________
.24
Jugs, hallboys, 30’s_______________________________________________
. 17
Jugs, hallboys, 24’s______________________________ ________________
. 17
Jugs, hallboys, 12’s__________________ _____________________________
. 19
11 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 75.
* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87.




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

135
Per dozen

Mugs, toilet____________________________________ _________________
Pails____________________________________________ — ------------------Punch bowls, 7-inch---------------------------------------------- ----------------------Punch bowls, 8-inch----------------------------------------------------------------------Punch bowls, 9-inch----------------------------------------------------------------------Punch bowls, 10-inch--------------------------------------------------------------------Slop jars------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------Soaps, two pieces-------------------------------------------------------------------------Soaps, three pieces_______________________________________________
Spittoons, two pieces_____________________________________________
Spittoons, high parlor--------------------------- _--------------------------------------Spittoons, low pari or______________________________________________
Spoon holders, unhandled--------------------------------------------------------------Spoon holders, two handles________________________________________
Sugars, individual, round, complete________________________________
Sugars, ordinary_________________________________________________
Sugars, toy______________________________________________________
Tea pots, ordinary________________________________________________
Tea pots, toy_____________- ------------ ---------------------------------------------Vases, toilet______________________________________________________

$0. 12
.65
. 21
. 22
. 25
.25
. 85
. 16
. 20
. 20
. 15
. 11
. 08
.20
.06
. 25
. 20
. 43
. 25
. 09

I t i s a g r e e d th a t th e b a s e p r i c e o n s t i c k i n g - u p f r o m th e ji g g e r o f a ll s iz e s
b e r s , e w e r s , a n d j u g s s h a l l b e i n c r e a s e d 1 0 p e r c e n t . iZ

o f ch am ­

TURNING
Add 4 1 3 per cent to the following prices:

Per dozen

Bowls, oyster, 42’s, out of mold, thick and thin______________________ $0. 07
Bowls, oyster, 36’s, out of mold, thick and thin______________________
. 073^
Bowls, oyster, 30’s, out of mold, thick and thin_____________________
. 08J^
Bowls, oyster, 24’s, out of mold, thick and thin_____________________
. 0 9^
Bowls, oyster, 36’s, extra thin-------------------------------------------------------. 09
Bowls, oyster, 30’s, extra thin-------------------------------------------------------. 10J^
Bowls, oyster, 24’s, extra thin--------------------------------------------------------•11J^
Bowls, oyster, 36’s, off of block------------------------------------------------ -—
. 08
Bowls, oyster, 30’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 09
Bowls, oyster, 24’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 103^
Bowls, figured, 42’s, out of mold-------------------------------------------------- __
. 05
Bowls, figured, 36’s, out of mold----------------------------------------------------. 05
Bowls, figured, 30’s, out of mold----------------------------------------------------. 05J^
Bowls, figured, 24’s, out of mold----------------------------------------------------. 06
Bowls, W. G., 42’s, out of mold-----------------------------------------------------. 05
Bowls, W. G., 36’s, out of mold----- ------- ----------------------------------------. 05
Bowls, W. G., 30’s, out of mold-----------------------------------------------------.
Bowls, W. G., 24’s, out of mold-----------------------------------------------------. 06
Bowls, W. G., 42’s, off of block---------------------------------------- -------------. 06
Bowls, W. G., 36’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 06
Bowls, W. G., 30’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 06HJ
Bowls, W. G., 24’s, off of block____________________________________
. 07
Brush vases______________________________________________________
. 12
Chambers, 6 ’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------. 19
Chambers, 9 ’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------. 17
Chambers, 12’s, turned___________________________________________
. 14
Coffees, St. Denis, topping and polishing-----------------------------------------. 02J^
Coffees, St. Denis, turning complete________________________________
. 03
Teas, tulip, same prices as St. Denis coffee.
Cups, coffee, single thick---------- ------- ---------------------------------------------. 03
Cups, coffee, half thick____________________________________________
.04
Cups, coffee, double thick-------------------------------------------------------- -—
. 0 4^
Cups, coffee, thin____________________________________ ____________
. 04
Cups, coffee, extra thin___________________________________________
. 04
Cups, coffee, A. D., single thick____________________________________
. 03J^
3As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.
« Added to 1920 agreement Oct. 1, 1924.




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Per dozen

Cups, coffee, A. D., half thick_____________________________________ $0. 03J4
Cups, coffee, A. D., double thick___________________________________ __ . 04J4
Cups, coffee, Minton, half thick______________________________________ . 0434
Cups, jumbo_____________________________________________________ __ . 0534
Cups, tea, single thick____________________________________________ __ . 03
Cups, tea, half thick______________________________________________ __ . 0334
Cups, tea, double thick___________________________________________ __ . 04
Cups, tea, thin_____________________________________ :------------------------. 0334
Cups, tea, extra thin________________________________________________ .04
Cups, tea, Minton, half thick______________________________________ __ . 04
Cups, toy, single thick_________________________________________ _____ . 03
Cups, toy, thin____________________________________________________ . 0334
Topped, bottom turned, side sponged or burnished; or turning
complete, without cutting out foot:
Thin or fancy teacups____________________________________________ __ .03
Thin or fancy coffee cups__________________________________________ __ . 03J4
Thin or fancy bowls, 30’s______ '____________________________________ . 04%
Thin or fancy bowls, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 0434
Topped and polished only or topped and sponged only:
Thin or fancy teacups______________________ _____________________ __ . 02J^
Thin or fancy coffee cups_________________________________________ __ .03
Thin or fancy bowls, 30’s_________________________________________ __ . 04J^
Thin or fancy bowls, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 03
Prices for any special method of turning not covered by above
definitions shall be settled on merit.
Cospadores, l ’s _________________________________________________ __ .30
Cospadores, 2 ’s _________________________________________________ __ .25
Custards, ordinary_______________________________: ----------------------- ----. 08
Custards, extra thin______________________________________________ __ .09
Egg cups, double, made solid______________________________________ __ . 12
Egg cups, double, extra thin_________________________________________ . 10
Egg cups, single, out of mold______________________________________ __ . 06
Egg cups, single, made solid_______________________________________ __ . 10
Match safes, l ’s__________________________________________________ __ . 12
Match safes, 2’s__________________________________________________ __ . 11
Match safes, 3’s__________________________________________________ __ . 10
Mugs, cable, 42’s_________________________________________________ __ . 07
Mugs, cable, 36’s _________________________________________ _______ __ .08
Mugs, cable, 30’s ________________________________________________ __ . 0834
Mugs, cable, 24’s ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ----. 0934
Mugs, Florence or coffee---------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 08
Mustards, bodies_________________________________________________ __ . 10
Mustards, covers_________________________________________________ __ . 06
Spitting cups, cuspidor shape______________________________________ __ . 16
Spoon holders____________________________________________________ __ . 25
Sugars, round bodies, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 05J4
Sugars, round bodies, 30’s-------------------------------- ----------------------------------. 06
Sugars, round bodies, 24’s-------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 0634
Sugars, round covers, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 06
Sugars, round covers, 30’s_________________________________________ __ . 0634
Sugars, round covers, 24’s_________________________________________ __ . 07
Sugars, round, individual, complete------------------------------------------------ ----. 18
Teapots and sugars, toy, bodies______________________________________ . 12
Teapots, and sugars, toy, covers___________________________________ __ . 06
Teas, St. Denis, topping and polishing_____________________________ __ .02
Teas, St. Denis, turning complete__________________ : ______________ __ . 0334
The minimum price for turning complete with exception of the
bottom, shall be as follows:
Baltimore teas___________________________________________________ __ . 0234
St. Denis and similar teas_________________________________________ __ . 0234
St. Denis and similar coffees_____________________________ _________ __ . 03
Thick, thin and extra thin are defined and understood as follows: Extra thin
to be specially thin, and general tea cups for dinner sets ordinarily made to not
come under this classification, but are considered thin.
All disputes over the thickness of half thick cups for turning shall be referred
to the standing committee.




APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

137

T u r n in g — A p p r e n t ic e s ’ S c a l e

First six months, 33M per cent.
Second six months, 25 per cent.
Third six months, 20 per cent.
Fourth six months, 15 per cent.
Third year, 10 per cent.
Any manufacturer who employs one or more journeymen turners may employ
one apprentice turner; a second apprentice may be engaged where four journey­
men are employed, and one additional apprentice may be put on for each three
additional journeymen. When a manufacturer with the full quota of apprentices
desires an additional turner, and is unable to obtain a competent journeyman
after application to the secretary of the National Brotherhood of Operative
Potters, he is at liberty to put on an extra apprentice beyond the established
ratio.
Every apprentice turner during the last eighteen months of his apprenticeship
shall be given the opportunity to turn all articles on the turning list made in that
shop.
No turner after having served his full term of apprenticeship shall be dis­
charged to make room for an apprentice.
WAREHOUSEMEN’S SCALE
First year, $ 3 . 8 5 per day of 9 hours.38
Second year $ 4 . 2 0 46 per day of 9 hours.
Third year, $ 4 - 4 5 47 per day of 9 hours.
After third year, journeyman rate $ 5 . 2 5 48per day of 9 hours.
Workman must qualify as a warehouseman before he is entitled to draw the
wages specified for the third year and afterwards.
Above scale to apply to male employees over 18 years of age.
Nine hours shall constitute a day’s work for all time excepting pay Saturday,
which shall be 8 hours.
No journeyman warehouseman shall be laid off to make room for a beginner.
WAREHOUSE WOMEN AND DIPPERS’ HELPERS
That existing contracts may be continued when mutually agreed upon by the
employer and a majority of the women employed in the department concerned,
with the understanding that ware dressers shall be paid at the rate of $ 2 . 5 0 49 p e r
day when working on hollow ware, and at the prevailing piece-rate price when
dressing plates, soups, coupe soups, saucers, fruits, and similar ware.
When a crew under contract on day wage may be short one or more of its nor­
mal quota of members and the ‘ 1short crew” be called upon to handle the same
volume of work as a full crew, then the wages that would have accrued to the
absent member or members shall be divided pro rata among those members of
such crew as performed the extra labor.
When glost warehouse girls are required to scour ware of any kind, or put
away or carry out ware, it shall be done at day wage.
Glost drawers, women, $ 1 . 8 5 50 per kiln.
Bisque drawers, women, $ 1 . 9 0 51 per kiln.
W a r e h o u s e W o m e n a n d D ip p e r s ’ H e l p e r s

Bisque brushers, $ 2 . 5 0 . 49
Stampers, $ 2 . 5 0 . 49
Dippers’ helpers, $ 2 .6 6 .* *
Above for a 9-hour day with one-half hour for lunch.
Dippers’ helpers shall work on dippers’ time with addition of time necessary
to clean up dipping room. Women who gather part time for dippers shall work
on bisque brushers’ time.
38As amended January,
As amended January,
*7As amended January,
<8As amended January,
<8As amended January,
80As amended January,
S1As amended January,
43As amended January,




1923; 1920 agreement reads “ prevailing price for unskilled labor.”
1923; 1920 agreement reads $4.84.
1923; 1920 agreement reads $5.14.
1923; 1920 agreement reads $6.05.
1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.90.
1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.15.
1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.20.
1923; 1920 agreement reads $3.08.

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It is recommended that a committee be appointed to endeavor to work out a
plan for paying the woman kiln drawers on the cubic-foot basis, figures on the
present wage scale.9
Ware wrappers, $ 2 . 5 0 49 per 9-hour day.
Ware dressers, $ 2 . 5 0 49 per 9-hour day.
Glost dressers’ contract to be arranged between firm and contractor.
A “ drawing crew” shall consist of not less than four girls. When less than
this number is available the wages that would have accrued to the missing mem­
bers of such crew shall be shared pro rata with the members doing such extra
work. Drawing girls shall not dress ware during the process of drawing kiln.
Brushing by hand: Where there are employed three brushing girls to each
dipper, if two girls are required to do the work of three at any time, they shall
divide the wages that would have accrued to the third girl.
Brushing girls shall not be required to carry ware to the dipper nor carry out
broken ware.
Dippers’ assistants: Three girls shall be apportioned to two dippers.
If two girls may be called upon to do the work of three, they shall divide the
wages of the third girl.
DECORATING KILN WORK
S ep tem ber, 1920, rate less 13% per cent.**

All decorating kiln placers and decorating kiln firemen shall receive their
wages direct from the office in separate envelopes. Where the contract system
is in effect, the boss kiln man shall turn into the office time and pay of each man
working for him.
Decorating kiln placers may demand an agreement with the individual firm by
whom they are employed, establishing a starting time to govern that firm only,
and where such an agreement exists the workmen may not be compelled to start
at an earlier hour than said agreement specifies.
No decorating kiln placer shall be laid off to permit the making of extra time
by the remaining members of the crew.
No experienced decorating kiln man shall be laid off to make room for a
beginner.
Where the firm requires the use of spurs in placing decorating kilns the men
and the firm shall endeavor to arrive at a satisfactory price for such work. In
case no agreement is reached the matter shall be referred to the standing commit­
tee for adjustment.
DECORATORS
Add 5 per cent to wages paid prior to September 15, 1920*

RULES
NINE-HOUR CLAUSE

Nine hours shall constitute a day for all day wage workers excepting engineers,
engineers’ helpers, kiln firemen, watchmen, odd men, and such others as must
from necessity work longer hours. Eight hours shall constitute a day’s work on
pay Saturday. Lunch time shall be abolished for all day wage workers. Since
the time of dippers’ helpers must be regulated by the time of the dippers who,
as a rule, work by the piece, the dippers’ helpers shall not be treated as day wage
workers under this clause.
RULES GOVERNING APPRENTICES
AGREED
TO
BY
COMMITTEES REPRESENTING UNITED
STATES POTTERS’
ASSOCIATION AND THE NATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS
R u l e 1. Apprentices shall serve their apprenticeship under the wages and con­
ditions specified in the wage agreements existing between the United States Pot­
ters’ Association and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters.
* Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1,1923.
49As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.90.
56 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads: ‘ ‘ Add 5 per cent to wages paid prior to Sept. 15,
1920.”




APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

139

R u l e 2. An apprentice shall complete his apprenticeship under the firm with
whom he started unless excused by them for valid reasons and any time lost by
said apprentice on his own account, such as loss of time shall be made up to the
firm, providing it amounts to 30 days or more.
R u l e 3. When an apprentice is leaving their employ, for any reason, the firm
shall give him discharge papers, and shall state, on same, the reasons of his dis­
charge, together with the discount at which he was working.
R u l e 4. Should any apprentice lose his position through no fault of his own,
such, for instance, as a firm discontinuing business or having no further work for
such apprentice, he shall be allowed to accept a position in any pottery where a
vacancy might occur even though the full ratio of apprentices is already employed.
And he shall be permitted to work at such pottery until he can be located in a
position as apprentice. Such time shall count on his apprenticeship, providing
he has his discharge papers approved by firm discontinuing his services.
R u l e 5. An apprentice discharged for neglect of work or other misbehavior
shall not be permitted to work at the trade again until he finds a vacancy for an
apprentice, and shall serve his full time, not counting the time he may be out of
employment through the above discharge.
R u l e 6. If an apprentice leaves the firm which employs him and attempts to
pass off as journeyman, or as an apprei^tice of less discount than his time calls
for, he shall be compelled to return and finish his apprenticeship under the firm
with whom he started, unless the standing committee orders otherwise.
R u l e 7. In case of strike or lockout the provision of this agreement shall stand
suspended until the termination of such strike or lockout, and any time that may
be lost by said apprentice shall be fully made up by him.
R u l e 8. Any breach or violation of an apprentice's contract, either on the part
of the firm or the apprentice, shall be a subject for action by the standing com­
mittee.
Where an extra apprentice is allowed to start in any branch of the trade and it
is not necessary for a journeyman to make any sacrifice in teaching him, the oldest
apprentice in that branch shall be paid at the journeyman rate for the balance of
his apprenticeship period.
If at any time the adding of new apprentices in any branch of the trade works
an apparent hardship to the workmen already employed therein, any petition
from the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters setting forth such condition
shall be given proper consideration by the United States Potters’ Association.
If at any time it is found impossible to secure competent journeyman work­
men in any branch of the trade, any petition from the United States Potters’
Association setting forth such condition shall be given proper consideration by
the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters.
In calculating the ratio of apprentices in any branch of the trade all potteries
under one management or ownership in any one city must be considered as one
•pottery; but where potteries under one management are located in different
cities they shall be considered separately.
EXCESSIVE LOSS

Manufacturers shall use due diligence to prevent loss from green ware cracking
on molds, and wherever excessive loss occurs and it appears that the manufac­
turer refuses to make necessary investigation and take immediate steps to correct
such trouble, it shall be a proper matter for adjustment by the standing com­
mittee.
STANDING COMMITTEE

The standing committee, east and west, shall be appointed as heretofore, to
adjust matters that can not be settled between the firm and employee. The
standing committee shall meet at stated intervals of 30 days, and all work in
dispute shall be continued pending, and subject to the decision of the standing
committee.
If at any time the members of the standing committee are unable to agree as
to the merits of any case or proposition pending before them, they shall select a
seventh or disinterested man who shall have a vote on the merits of the case or
proposition on which they have been unable to agree, and the result of the vote
shall be accepted and the decision rendered as coming from the standing com­
mittee as a whole. The members of the standing committee may according to
their own judgment, resort to secret ballot in rendering their decision.
Disputes referred to the standing committee and not settled within 90 days
shall be referred back to the parties interested.




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No settlement shall be regarded final or binding unless reported to the standing
committee. Such report shall state the price and properly describe the article,
together with the names of the firm and the individual making the settlement,
and these particulars shall be recorded by the standing committee.
TIME CLOCK

The National Brotherhood of Operative Potters recognizes the right of the
manufacturer to require that all day wage employees shall register time of
beginning and quitting work on time clock or other time-recording device, and of
paying according to this record.
THE SQUARE DEAL CLAUSE

In the interpretation and application of the wage agreement and uniform
scale, both sides shall recognize the intent to establish a fair day’s wage for a fair
day's work; they shall not insist upon technicalities where the opposite intent
is clear, and when points arise not elearly and literally covered by the list, they
shall be decided upon merit, and shall not be governed by what the wage scale
may specify for something similar. When any material change from that con­
templated by the uniform scale is made in the method of doing any particular
work, or of making any particular article, rendering such work more difficult or
more simple full allowance shall be made for said change either by an increase or
a decrease in the price, as the case may be.
An earnest effort shall be made to avoid the small and insignificant differences
which result in an attempt to take advantage of some clause which may not have
been just clearly worded to show what was the intent and understanding of the
conference. The absence of taking advantage of technicalities or some action or
error of an employee or firm will tend to the true spirit of cooperation on which our
agreements were originally and always have been based, and petty acts by repre­
sentatives of either side should be frowned upon.
It is agreed that no price or condition shall be considered settled by reason of
the fact that it has been agreed upon by a firm not a member of the United States
Potters’ Association or by a workman not a member of the National Brotherhood
of Operative Potters.
PENALTY FOR VIOLATION OF AGREEMENT

In view of the fact that the committees representing the United States Potters’
Association and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters are both empow­
ered with full and final authority to act for their respective organizations in the
formation of this agreement, it shall be considered that the individual members
of both are parties to this contract, and should any individual member of either
refuse to accept any condition herein, or should anyone withdraw from his organi­
zation by reason of his dissatisfaction with the terms hereof, such act shall be
considered a violation of contract upon the part of that individual, and shall
cancel his right to demand that he shall participate in the benefits and privileges
of this wage agreement, and his right to demand that he shall employ or be
employed at the rates and under the conditions specified.
Both parties to this agreement, through their duly authorized representatives
of the conference committee, pledge themselves to use every honorable means to
enforce the acceptance and observance of this agreement by all parties affected;
to discourage any opposition on the part of individuals and to favor in every
reasonable way those employers and employees who faithfully and honorably
abide by this contract in all its provisions.
In case any question arises which can not be settled between an employer
and his employees, or representatives of his employees, as to the correct inter­
pretation of any clause, feature, or provision of the wage agreement, the point
shall be first referred to the proper national officer of the brotherhood, and in
case he and the firm can not agree, then the question shall be referred to the
standing committee. No local shall assume to settle upon its own authority
disputes or points of disagreement between its members and their employers,
but locals may, of course, carry such matters up to their national officers, who
in turn may submit them to the standing committee, or to the labor committee,
if they otherwise can not adjust amicably.
The intent of the foregoing resolution is to express what has always been under­
stood, and necessarily so, that questions in dispute that can not be settled be­
tween individual firms and their workmen can only be settled by the proper
representatives or committees of the two national bodies.



APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

141

Any attempt to ignore this understanding shall be considered an explicit
violation of the wage agreement, and shall cancel the right of the offending local
to participate in the rights, privileges, and wages of said agreement.
GENERAL RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Manufacturers are requested when work is short to instruct foremen to divide
work as equally as possible, and not to prefer some men over others in the dis­
tribution.
No workman shall be charged for losses for which he is not responsible.
It shall be left optional with individual firms whether they shall pay at noon
on pay day, and whether they shall observe a Saturday half holiday.
Adequate closets shall be provided separately for male and female employees,
and they shall be kept in sanitary condition.
If due consideration is not given to the health of the men, the shop committee
may take the matter up with the firm and if they fail to reach an understanding
the question may then be referred to the standing committee for adjustment.
Double time shall be allowed for all labor required to be done on Christmas,
July 4, and Labor Day, except to firemen, odd men, and to others whose labor is
necessary to maintain the orderly running of the plant, and for the proper pro­
tection of plant and property.
It is recommended that heat be provided in all those departments where work­
men are now exposed to excessive cold.
When prior to the expiration of a wage agreement the National Brotherhood of
Operative Potters desires to propose amendments to be embodied in the new
agreement, such amendments shall be submitted to the United States Potters’
Association as nearly as may be feasible, 60 days prior to the meeting of the
joint conference committee, and the United States Potters’ Association shall
submit its amendments as nearly as may be possible 30 days in advance of said
meeting.
During the experimental stage of any new process of manufacture, the firm
shall have the cooperation of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters.
If no temporary piecework price for such experimental work can be agreed upon,
the workman shall be paid on a day-wage basis at an hourly rate which shall be
the average hourly and day wage which said workman has received for the six
weeks previous to the beginning of the experimental work, with the understand­
ing that no journeyman clay worker shall be paid less than 6 7 41 cents net per
hour, when working day wage at clay-ware making.
All piecework prices shall be properly recorded by the various superintendents
and foremen, to the end that any employee may promptly ascertain the piece­
work price of any item or work that that particular employee may be engaged on.
Any firm a member of the United States Potters’ Association may if they desire
place the union label on their product, providing that all workmen in branches
covered by the agreement are members of the National Brotherhood of Operative
Potters in good standing.
Some system of counting shall be adopted by the manufacturers, so that the
finishers as well as the jigger men may know just what their count amounts to
each day.
No workman shall be discharged or discriminated against for refusing to work
on Sunday in those departments where it is not customary to work regularly on
Sundays.
It is agreed that the firm shall assume the expense of sweeping the shops;
sweeping to be done at times when most convenient, with due consideration being
given to the welfare of the employees.
DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES

Employees are to give their fullest cooperation in an effort to keep their places
of employment clean and sanitary, by keeping their tools and benches clean;
that pieces of clay, clay scraps, broken ware, or any refuse of any kind, dropped
on the floor accidentally, shall be picked up by the workman responsible, at the
time the accident occurs, and put in the cutting box, in the green room in the
scrap box, or other receptacle provided for that purpose.
Ware accidentally broken in stove rooms, stilliards, or green room shall be
picked up by the workman responsible, at the time the accident occurs.
41 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87.

86315°—26------10



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Each workman shall empty his cutting or scrap box into the chute before it
overflows, and see to it that all clay scraps are placed in the chute, not thrown
at it.
Workmen can better the health conditions in their shop by a little cooperation
in seeing that each other strictly obeys these rules.
While it is understood that workmen are not expected to take a broom and
sweep out from underneath their benches into the aisles, yet it is also most thor­
oughly understood that they must not let any clay scraps or refuse of any kind
gather under or around their places of work. The sweeper is expected to brush
from underneath their places only the ordinary dust that will collect and not
refuse that the workman through carelessness permits to collect.
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS

The firm shall assume the expense of sweeping the shops; sweeping to be done
at times when most convenient, with due consideration being given to the wel­
fare of the employees. The firm shall also assume the expense of sweeping
stove rooms, under stilliards, and under benches; such sweeping is not to be
considered part of the regular sweeping, but it is to be done periodically as
necessity requires.
No part of the above shall be understood as canceling the present arrange­
ments for cleaning and sweeping in the dipping and ware rooms.
Casters’ drippings: Where casters are required to drain their molds after
“ dumping out” the slip, the firm shall provide means for preventing the drip­
pings running onto the floor. To properly meet this condition we would
recommend that a shelf be built under the pouring bench, running the full length
and width of the bench, to prevent the slip from dropping to the floor. The firm
shall provide a scraper so that the caster can remove the drippings as often as
necessary to keep his place looking clean.
If no such means are provided and the drippings are allowed to run onto the
floor, the firm shall remove such drippings at their own expense.
All manufacturers are requested that before the beginning of cold weather, they
have all openings around window frames plastered up, that windows be repaired,
and where necessary storm windows be installed; that at least two pot stoves
be installed for each kiln crew where other means of heating are not available,
and that all roofs and floors be kept in good condition.
DISCHARGE AGREEMENT

That the brotherhood shall have printed a sufficient supply of two weeks’
“ Notice of resignation” blanks, to be distributed so as to be available by the
workmen in all factories when required.
That the manufacturers shall have printed and distributed a sufficient quantity
of two weeks’ “ Notice of discharge” blanks, also a sufficient quantity of “ Dis­
charge” blanks.
That any workman may resign his position by filing in writing with the proper
representative of his firm a notice of resignation and by working out the full
two weeks, but he must actually work for said two weeks and not loaf without
reasonable excuse, unless otherwise mutually satisfactory to both workman and
employer. If these conditions have been fulfilled, the said workman shall re­
ceive at the end of two weeks a discharge signed by his employer or proper
representative.
That any employer may discharge any workman by serving said workman
with a two weeks’ notice of discharge and by giving said workman his usual
employment during those two weeks and a discharge at the end of that period.
That the workman may resign without notice and demand a discharge in
case he has been subjected to unfair or abusive treatment by his employer, or in
case his employer has violated any provision of the wage agreement in dealing
with that particular workman. In case the employer refuses to grant the dis­
charge, the workman may appeal to the discharge committee hereinafter
provided for. The said workman may use his own option as to continuing in
his employment pending the action of the discharge committee upon his appeal.
Then, should the discharge committee determine that the workman was justified
in demanding his immediate discharge, said workman shall receive from his
employer his wages in full, immediately, up to the termination of his employment.
That in case of misbehavior or incompetence bn the part of the workman, the
employer may discharge immediately, and without notice, but the employer in
that case shall give to the discharged workman a discharge paper in which shall




APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

143

be stated the reasons for the discharge. Any workman thus discharged without
notice, who believes the reason stated not fair or sufficient, may appeal to the
discharge committee, and in case that committee determines that the employer
is in error, the workman shall be reinstated in his old position and shall be reim­
bursed for the time lost in excess of three (3) days by reason of the wrongful
discharge.
That any of the following shall be considered just grounds for immediate
discharge without notice:
Intemperance to the extent of interfering with steady and competent work­
manship.
Dishonesty to his employer.
Gross carelessness.
Willful destruction of property.
Persistent use of profane or abusive language in the workshop, after fair
warning.
Refusal to obey reasonable orders or rules which do not conflict with the wage
agreement or established custom.
Disregard for reasonable rules for the preservation of health and cleanliness.
Incompetence established to the satisfaction of a committee of fellow work­
men in the same shop.
Willful absence from duty without permission or a reasonable excuse, subject
to two weeks* notice for first offense and immediate discharge for second offense
within the two weeks.
Violation of wage agreement after notice.
Indecency or any display of immorality in the workshop.
No workman or employee of any party to this agreement on or after the date
this instrument becomes effective shall be employed by any other party to the
agreement without presenting and surrendering a discharge from his latest em­
ployer in the potteries.
That any workman who refuses to work for a long or short period because of a
complaint of another workman shall be considered as guilty of willful absence
from duty without permission or a reasonable excuse, and shall be treated in
the manner provided for that offense.
That the term “ workman” wherever used herein shall be understood to apply
to all employees, whether male or female.
That this discharge agreement shall govern all employees, whether members
of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters or not; that it shall also
govern all those employed in any capacity, whether paid direct from the office
or through some other employee.
That the provisions of this agreement shall be liberally and fairly interpreted
in such a manner as not to work an undue hardship upon any of the parties
thereto.
That to aid in the operation and correct interpretation of this agreement,
two discharge committees of two members on each side shall be appointed, one
committee for Trenton and one for East Liverpool, with jurisdiction over sur­
rounding territory. Said committee shall include the secretary of the associa­
tion and secretary of the brotherhood as one member on either side at East
Liverpool, and it shall include the secretary of the Trenton association and
first vice president of the brotherhood as one member on either side at Trenton,
the additional members to be appointed by the proper authorities.
If at any time during the life of this agreement either party thereto shall become
convinced that any unfair advantage is being taken of any of the provisions thereof,
it is agreed that upon five (5) days’ notice the opposite party will appoint rep­
resentatives to meet in conference with the representatives of the complaining
party, with authority to amend this agreement if, in the judgment of such joint
conference, it is necessary and desirable to do so in order to correct actual abuse.
The provisions of this agreement shall apply to odd men and kiln drawers who
are recognized as having steady employment at one shop, but they shall be
waived in the case of irregular or floating workmen of this class, who are necessary
to supply the demand for irregular and fill-in jobs.
LABOR SHORTAGE

There shall be joint committees of manufacturers and operatives appointed in
the cities of East Liverpool, Sebring, and Trenton with power to adjust all ques­
tions pertaining to a shortage of labor in their districts. In case any firm is
unable to secure the journeymen necessary for any department they shall make




144

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

application for relief to the committee of their district, who shall investigate
such claim, and upon proof that the firm has made an honest effort to secure
journeymen, and in their judgment the circumstances warrant it, they may
permit such firm the privilege to start either women or extra apprentices.
Where it becomes necessary to permit women to work in the place of men, they
shall be paid at the journeyman rate if competent to do such work and be allowed
to continue in such positions until men returning from the war are available.
That during the period of the war all workmen are urged to help with the work
in any department where workmen are scarce, so that everyone may be kept
steadily employed, and no department thrown out of work temporarily for want
of cooperation by any other department that might at that time be better sup­
plied with help. No workman shall suffer any loss in wages as a result of his
helping out in some other department.
If as a result of the war there should be a shortage of labor in the pottery in­
dustry, there will be no opposition on the part of the National Brotherhood of
Operative Potters, when necessity requires it, to the employment of women in
any department where they are physically competent to do the work; to foreign
white labor who can speak English or the starting of extra apprentices to make
up such shortage of labor.
SIZE LIST
ALLOWANCE FOR VARIATION
N ote 1.— Any article measuring one-half size or more larger than the “ correct
size” as specified in this list will take the price of the next larger size. Any article
measuring less than one-half size larger than the “ correct size” will take the price
of the “ correct size.” This rule will apply only to those items as noted in the
following list:
N ote 2.— The same variation is granted on the largest size of any item, that is
granted on the next smaller size.
N ote 3.—It is understood that the average glost size is to govern in setting
priceis.
Correct size

Bakers, 2J^-inch______________________ ______________ 5 inches long.
Bakers, 3-inch_______________________________________ 5 ^ inches long.
Bakers, 4-inch_______________________________________ 6 inches long.
Bakers, 5-inch_______________________________________ 7 inches long.
Bakers, 6-inch_______________________________________ 8 inches long.
Bakers, 7-inch_____________________________________9 inches long.
Bakers, 8-inch_______________________________________ 10 inches long.
Bakers, 9-inch_______________________________________ 10'% inches long.
Bakers, 10-inch_____________________________________ _ 1 1 % inches long.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on bakers.
Correct size

Basins, plain edge, 9’s________________________________ 1 4 inches diameter.
Basins, plain edge, 12’s_______________________________ 13^ inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on basins, plain edge.
Correct size

Basins, roll edge, 9’s_________________________________
Allowance for variation on roll-edge basins,
inch.

15%

inches diameter.
Capacity

Bowls, St. Denis, 24’s____ ____________________________ 2 pints.
Bowls, St. Denis, 30’s________________________________ 1Y i pints.
Bowls, St. Denis, 36’s________________________________ 1 pint.
Bowls, oyster, 24’s___________________________________ 2 pints.
Bowls, oyster, 30’s___________________________________
pints.
Bowls, oyster, 36’s___________________________________ 1 pint.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on bowls.

Correct size

Bowls,
Bowls,
Bowls,
Bowls,
Bowls,
Bowls,
Bowls,
Bowls,

punch, 7-inch_________________________________ 8 inches diameter.
punch, 8-inch_________________________________ 9 inches diameter.
punch, 9-inch_______s____^____________________ 10 inches diameter.
punch, 10-inch___________________________ ____ 1 § % inches diameter.
mixing, 4’s_____________ ______________________ 13J4 inches diameter.
mixing, 6’s______________________ :__________.___12% inches diameter.
mixing, 9’s__._____________ -___________________ 11 inches diameter.
mixing, 12’s________ -_________________________ 10 inches diameter.




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

145
Correct size

Bowls, mixing, 18’s__________________________________ 8 % inches diameter.
Bowls, mixing, 24’s__________________________________ 7 inches diameter.
Bowls, mixing, 30’s_____________________ _____________ 6J4 inches diameter.
Bowls, mixing, 36’s___________________________ ________ 6 inches diameter.
Bowls, mixing, 42’s__________________________________ 534 inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on punch bowls and mixing bowls.
Correct size

Bird baths, 24’s______________________________________5 % inches long.
Bird baths, 30’s_____________________________________ 5 inches long.
Bird baths, 36’s______________________________________4 % inches long.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on bird baths.

Correct size

Individual butters___________________________________ 3 inches diameter.
Allowance for variation on individual butter,
inch.
Correct size

Bofie dishes________________ _________________________inches long.
Allowance for variation on bone dishes,
inch.
Correct size

Cake plates_________________________________________
Allowance for variation on cake plates,
inch.

10 inches diameter.
Correct size

Coffee cups, St. Denis, regular, light weight 13-ounce, or_ _ 3 inches high.
Coffee saucers, St. Denis, regular, light weight__________ 6J^ inches diameter.
Coffee saucers, St. Denis, hotel________________________inches diameter.
Coffee saucers, fancy_________________________________ inches diameter.
Coffee saucers, after-dinner___________________________ 4% inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on St. Denis cups and all saucers.
Fancy tea and coffee cups, pay according to catalogue size.
Correct size

Comports, 6-inch____________________________________ 7 inches diameter.
Comports, 7-inch_____________ ______________________ 8 inches diameter.
Comports, 8-inch____________________________________ 9 inches diameter.
Comports, 9-inch____________________________________ 10 inches diameter.
Comports, 10-inch___________________________________ 10J£ inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on comports.
Correct size

Celery trays_________________________________________ 12 inches long.
Allowance for celery trays, }/% inch.

Correct size

Chambers, 6’s_______________________________________ 9J^ inches diameter.
Chambers, 9’s______________________________________ _
inches diameter.
Chambers, 12’s_____________ _________________________7J^ inches diameter.
See Note 1 for allowance for variation on chambers.
Correct size

Covered dishes, 6-inch________________________________8J^ inches long.
Covered dishes, 7-inch_______________________________ 9J^ inches long.
Covered dishes, 8-inch____________________ :___________ 10 inches long.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on covered dishes.
Dimensions on covered dishes is the extreme length of body at longest point,
not counting handles.
Correct size

Casseroles, 7-inch____________________________________ 8J4 inches diameter.
Casseroles, 8-inch____________________________________ 9 inches diameter.
Casseroles, 9-inch____________________________________ 9^2 inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on casseroles.
Diameter measurement for casseroles to be taken at the widest point, not
counting handles.
Combinets, 9 inches height, 17 pint capacity.
Allowance for variation on combinets, 1 pint.
Capacity

Cospadores, 2’s______________________________________ 20 pints.
Cospadores, 3’s______________________________________ 17 pints.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on cospadores.
Capacity

Creams, 30’s_________________________________________ 1 pint.
Creams, 24’s_________________________________________ 1J^ pints.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on creams.



146

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

Correct size.
Dishes, 2J^-incli_____________________________________ 6 inches.
Dishes, 3-inch------------------------------------------------------------inches.
Dishes, 4-inch_______________________________________ 734 inches.
Dishes, 5-inch_______________________________________ 834 inches.
Dishes, 6-inch_______________________________________ 9J4 inches.
Dishes, 7-inch__________________________ !------------------ 1034 inches.
Dishes, 8-inch_______________________________________ 1 1 M inches.
Dishes, 9-inch_________________________________ ______1234 inches.
Dishes, 10-inch______________________________________ 1334 inches.
Dishes, 11-inch______________________________________ 1434 inches.
Dishes, 12-inch______________________________________ 1534 inches.
Dishes, 13-inch______________________________________ 1634 inches.
Dishes, 14-inch______________________________________ 1734 inches.
Dishes, 15-inch______________________________________ 1834 inches.
Dishes, 16-inch______________________________________ 1934 inches.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on dishes.
Capacity
Ewers, 9’s___________________________________________ 1034 pints.
Ewers, 12’s__________________________________________ 8 pints.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on ewers.
Correct size
Cable and hotel fruits, 4-inch_________________________ 5 inches diameter.
Cable and hotel fruits, 434-inch_______________________ 5}^ inches diameter.
Fancy fruits, 4-inch__________________________________ 5 inches diameter.
Fancy fruits, 434-inch________________________________ 534 inches diameter.
Fancy fruits, 5-inch__________________________________ 6 inches diameter.
Fancy fruits, 5-inch__________________________________ 134 inches depth.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on diameter of fruits.
Allowance for variation on depth of fruits, 34 inch.
Correct*size
Ice creams, 234-inch_________________________________ 4 inches diameter.
Ice creams, 3-inch____________________________________ 434 inches diameter.
Ice creams, 334-inch________________________ _________ 4% inches diameter.
Ice creams, 4-inch___________________________________ 5 inches diameter.
Ice creams, 434-inch_________________________________ 534 inches diameter.
Capacity
Jugs, cable, 4’s______________________________________ 10 pints.
Jugs, cable, 6’s______________________________________ 7 pints.
Jugs, cable, 12’s_____________________________________ 534 pints.
Jugs, cable, 24’s--------------------------------------------------------- 334 pints.
Jugs, cable, 30’s_____________________________________ 2 pints.
Jugs, cable, 36’s___________________ _________________ 134 pints.
Jugs, cable, 42’s_____________________________________ 1 pint.
Jugs, cable, 48’s — __________________________________ % pint.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on cable jugs.
DIMENSIONS FOR FANCY JUGS

No increase will be allowed in holding capacity as listed below. In the height
one-eighth inch increase will be allowed on the four smaller sizes, and one-fourth
inch on the four larger sizes. Any jug exceeding this allowance in height will
take the next larger size.
Capacity
Height
Jugs, fancy, 4’s___________________________ 10 pints________9 % inches.
Jugs, fancy, 6’s___________________________ 8 pints__________ 934 inches.
Jugs, fancy, 12’s__________________________ pints____________ 834 inches.
Jugs, fancy, 24’s---------------------------------------- 4 pints__________ 734 inches.
Jugs, fancy, 30’s---------- ------------------------------ 234 pints-.......... 6J4 inches.
Jugs, fancy, 36’s__________________________ 1 % pints_______6 inches.
Jugs, fancy, 42’s__________________________ 1 pint_________ 5J^ inches.
Jugs, fancy, 48’s__________________________ % pint__________5 inches.
In measuring height of jugs, the height to snip will govern.
Capacity
Hallboy jugs, 24’s__________________________________ 3 pints.
Hallboy jugs, 30’s___________________________________ 234 pints.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on hallboy jugs.




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

147
Capacity

Mugs, 42’s______________________ .___________________ 6 ounces.
Mugs, 36’s__________________________________________ 8 ounces.
Mugs, 30’s__________________________________________ 12 ounces.
Mugs, 24’s__ _______________________________________ 14 ounces.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on mugs.
Correct size

Cable nappies, 3-inch__________4J^ inches diameter____
Cable nappies, 4-inch__________6 inches diameter____ __
Cable nappies, 5-inch_________ inches diameter________ 1 % inches depth.
Cable nappies, 6-inch__________7 ^ inches diameter____ 2J^ inches depth.
Cable nappies, 7-inch__________8J^ inches diameter____ 2 % inches depth.
Cable nappies, 8-inch._________inches diameter________ 3 inches depth.
Cable nappies, 9-inch_________ 10 inches diameter_____ 334 inches d#pth.
Cable nappies, 10-inch________ 11 inches diameter_____ inches depth.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on cable nappies.
Correct size

Oyster nappies, 24's__________________________________6J^ inches diameter.
Oyster nappies, 30’s________________________ _________ 5 % inches diameter.
Oyster nappies, 36’s__________________________________5 inches diameter.
Oyster nappies, 42’s___________________ ______________ 4J^ inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on oyster nappies.
Correct size

Oatmeals, 30’s________________ 6J^ inches diameter____
Oatmeals, 36*s________________ 6 inches diameter______
See note 1 for allowance for variation on oatmeals.

1%

inches depth.
Correct size

Plates, 4-inch________________________________________ 6M inches diameter.
Plates, 5-inch________________________________________734 inches diameter.
Plates, 6-inch________________________________________ 8 % inches diameter.
Plates, 7-inch________________________________________9 inches diameter.
Plates, 8-inch________________________________________ 10 inches diameter.
Plates, deep, 6-inch__________________________________ 834 inches diameter.
Plates, deep, 7-inch__________________________________ 9 inches diameter.
Plates, deep, 8-inch__________________________________ 10 inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on plates.
Correct size

Coupe soup, 6-inch____________7% inches diameter____ \ y% inches depth.
Coupe soup, 7-inch____________834 inches diameter____ 134 inches depth.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on coupe soups.
Allowance for variation on coupe soups in depth, one-eighth inch.
Correct size

Pickles_____________________________________________ 9 inches.
Allowance for variation on pickles, one-half inch.
Correct size

Soup tureens, 9’s_____________________________________ 11 inches long.
Dimensions on soup tureens is the extreme length of body at longest point not
counting handles.
Correct size

Soup tureen stands, 9’s_______________________________ 16 inches long.
Teapots_____________________________________________ 2% pints.
Allowance for variation on teapots, one-half pint.
Capacity

Teacups, St. Denis___________________________________ 10 ounces.
Correct size

Tea saucers, St. Denis________________________________ 6 inches diameter.
Tea saucers, fancy___________________________________ 6 inches diameter.
Capacity

Teacups, Baltimore__________________________________ 7 ounces.
Correct size

Tea saucers, Baltimore__________ ______________ ______ 53^ inches diameter.
See note 1 for allowance for variation on St. Denis cups and all saucers.
Fancy tea and coffee cups pay according to catalogue size.




148

T H E POTTERY INDUSTRY

WAGE SCALE FOR HOTEL CHINAw

CASTING
P r ic e s f o r C a s t in g V i t r e o u s H o t e l C h i n a w i t h P r e p a r e d

( D o pe ) Sl ip

Add 41* per cent to the following prices:
Unhan­
dled

Bone dishes, single m old ________________________
Bone dishes, leaf mold - _______________________
Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, 16 to 24 ounces
capacity, handle and snip stuck on___________ __
Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, 16 to 24 ounces
capacity, snip cast on, handle stuck on__ ________
Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, 16 to 24 ounces
capacity, snip and handle cast on_________ ___
Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, less than 16 ounces
capacity, handle and snip stuck on______________
Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, less than 16 ounces
capacity, snip cast on, handle stuck on___________
Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, less than 16 ounces
capacity, snip and handle cast on________ _______
Chocolate pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
handle and snip stuck on_______________________
Chocolate pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
snip cast on, handle stuck o n _______________ __
Chocolate pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
snip and handle cast on_______ ________________
Chocolate pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capac­
ity, handle and snip cast on____________ _______
Chocolate pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capac­
ity, snip cast on, handle stuck on________________
Chocolate pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capac­
ity, snip and handle cast on____________________
Coffee pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
handle and spout stuck on________________ _____
Coffee pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
____________
spout cast on, handle stuck on _
Coffee pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
handle and spout cast on______________________
Coffee pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity,
handle and spout stuck on__ _____________
__
Coffee pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity,
spout cast on, handle stuck on________ ■_________
Coffee pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity,
handle and spout cast on__ _________________ __
Creams, individual or restaurant, solid block
handle. _ _______________________ ____________
Creams, individual or restaurant, single or double
snip_______________________________________
Creams, American, No. 1, small size_____________
Creams, American, No. 2, second size_____________
Creams, American, No. 3, third size______________
Creams, American, No. 4, fourth size_____________
Creams, Hub, No. 1, small size__________________
Creams, Hub, No. 2, second size_________________
Creams, Hub, No. 3, third size___________________
Creams, Saxon, No. 1, small size_________________
Creams, Saxon, No. 2, second size________________
Creams, Saxon, No. 3, third size________________
Creams, tankard. No. 1, small size_______________
* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.
47 As revised Sept. 15, 1920, and with amendments down to 1925.




Handle
cast on

Handle
stuck on

$0. 20
. 18
$ 1. 10
.95
$0. 90
.95
.80
.75
1. 25
1. 10

1. 05
1.10

.95
.90
1. 25
1. 10

1. 05
1. 10

.95
. 90

. 18
. 18
. 20
. 22
. 24
. 18
. 21
. 24
. 18
. 21
. 24
. 18

.22

.24

. 22
. 24
. 26
. 28
. 22
. 25
. 28
. 22
. 25
. 28

. 24
. 26
. 28
.30
.24
. 27
. 30
. 24
. 27
. 30
.24

.2 2

149

APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT
P r i c e s f o r C a s t in g V i t r e o u s H o t e l C h i n a w i t h P r e p a r e d

( D o p e ) Sl i p —

Continued
Unhan­
dled

Creams, tankard, No. 2, second size______________
Creams, Vienna, No. 2, small size________________
Creams, Vienna, No. 1, second s iz e ______________
Creams, Vienna, No. 0, third size________________
The Vienna No. 2’s creams shall be the limit in
size, mold measurement, of casted individual or
restaurant creams at 18 cents per dozen, un­
handled.
The Vienna No. 0’s creams shall be the limit in
size, mold measurement, of casted individual or
restaurant creams at 20 cents per dozen, un­
handled.
Creams, individual, up to and including 56’s_______
Creams, oval individual, up to and including 56’s
with open handle_____________ _______________
Jugs, 54’s _____________________________________
Jugs, 48’s___________________ _________________
Jugs, 42’s _________ __________________________
Jugs, 36’s____________________________ _________
Jugs, 30’s_______________________ _____________
Jugs, 24’s __________________ ________________
Jugs, 12’s _____________________________________
Jugs, 6’s ___________________________ __________
Jugs, 4’s__ __ _ ________ __ _______________
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 12’s______________________
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 6’s ______ ;_______________
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 4,s__ __ ______________ __
Match stands, square dish and holder____________
Match stands, oval dish and holder______________
Match stands, round saucer and square holder____
Match stands, Georgia._ _ _ __________ _ _____

Handle
cast on

Handle
stuck on

$0. 18
. 18
. 20
. 20

$0. 22
. 22
. 24
. 24

$0. 24
. 24
. 26
. 26

. 18

.22

.24

. 24
. 28
. 32
. 38
. 43
•48
. 55
. 70
. 90
1. 05
. 80
1. 15
1. 35

.26
. 30
. 34
. 40
.45
. 50
. 55
. 70
. 90
1. 05
. 80
1. 15
1. 35
. 70
. 70
. 70
. 70

. 24
. 28
. 34
.39
. 44

M o ch a pots, w ith verge, 16 to 24 ou n ces ca p a city,

handle and spout stuck on___________ _________
Mocha pots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
spout cast on, handle stuck on_______ __ __ __
Mocha pots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
spout and handle cast on____ ___ _________
Mocha pots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity
handle and spout stuck on______ __________ ____
Mocha pots, with verge,less than 16 ounces capacity,
spout cast on, handle stuck o n _ __ __ _ _____
Mocha pots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity,
handle and spout cast on_____________________
Molasses jugs, screw top, 24’s___________________
Molasses jugs, screw top, 30’s___________________
Molasses jugs, plain, hole in handle, 30's__________
Mugs, dairy, all styles and sizes.___ ___________
Mustard spoons, Belmont or Anderson___________
Pap boat, front spout__________________ :_________
Pickles, single mold_____________________________
Pickles, leaf mold _ _ _______________ _______ __
Sauce boats, cable, extra large (Government), foot
cast o n __________________ ___________ _______
Sauce boats, large, foot cast on ______________
Sauce boats, medium, foot cast on_______________
Sauce boats, small, foot cast on________________
Sauce boats, home, No. 1, foot cast separate_____
Sauce boats, home, No. 2, foot cast separate______




1. 25
1 10

1. 05
1. 10

.95
. 90
. 55
. 50
. 50
.28

. 55
. 50
. 50
.30

.35

.3

. 77
. 77
. 67
. 57
. 77
.67

. 80
. 80
. 70
. 60
. 80
.70

.25
. 32
.30

150

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

P r ic e s f o r C a s t i n g V i t r e o u s H o t e l C h i n a w i t h P r e p a r e d

( D o p e ) S l ip —

Continued
Unhan­
dled

Sauce boats, home, No. 3, foot cast separate______
Sauce boats, individual_________________________
Sauce boats, individual, solid handle_____________
Sauce boats, mayonnaise________________________
Sauce boats, Navy, large__________________ ______
Sauce boats, Navy, medium_____________________
Sauce boats, Navy, small_______________________
Sauce boats, Philadelphia, individual_____________
Sauceboats, Q. M. D., (Government)____________
Sauce boats, Rector, No. 1, foot cast separate_____
Sauce boats, Rector, No. 2, foot cast separate_____
Sauce boats, Rector, No. 3, foot cast separate_____
Sauce boats, sham, foot cast separate_____________
Sauce boats, U. S. Army, large__________________
Sick feeders, front spout________________________
Sick feeders, side spout_______________________ __
Soap, cable, three-piece________________________
Soap, round, loose drainer, no cover______________
Soap, round, fast drainer, cast in one piece, no cover
Soap, round, fast drainer, two-piece, drainer stuck
on, no cover_________________________________
Soap, square, loose drainer, covered_____________
Soap, square, loose drainer, no cover_________ ____
Soap, square, fast drainer, cast in one piece, no
cover___ _________ ___________ _ __ __ _____
Soap, square, fast drainer, two-piece, drainer stuck
on, no cover_________________________________
Soap, hanging_______ _____________ _________
Spittoons, plain, high parlor_____________________
Spittoons, plain, low parlor______________________
Spittoons, French, low_____ __ _ _______________
Sugars, bag, square, 24*s, uncovered-_________ __
Sugars, bag, square, 30*s, uncovered_____________
Sugars, bag, square, 36’ s, uncovered______________
Sugars, bag, square, 42*s, uncovered______________
Sugars, bag, square, 24’s, with ring_______________
Sugars, bag, square, 30*8, with ring_______________
Sugars, bag, square, 36’s, with ring_______________
Sugars, bag, square, 42’s, with rin g ______ ____
Sugars, Boston, square, 24’s, covered_____________
Sugars, Boston, square, 30*8, cov ered ____________
Sugars, Boston, square, 36*s, covered_____________
Sugars, Boston, square, 42’s, covered_____________
Sugars, box, square, 24's, covered________________
Sugars, box, square, 30’s, covered_______________
Sugars, box, square, 36’s, covered________________
Sugars, box, square, 42’s, covered________________
Sugars, home, 24's, covered__________________ :__
Sugars, home, 30’s, covered_____________________
Sugars, home, 36’s, covered_____________________
Sugars, individual, covered______________________
Sugars, Linden, 30’s____________________________
Sugars, Linden, 36’s____________________________
Sugars, ordinary, 24’s, covered___________________
Sugars, ordinary, 30’s, covered___________________
Sugars, ordinary, 36’s, covered___________________
Sugars, ordinary, 42’s, covered___________________
Sugars, Q. M. £>.. 30’s__________________ ________




Handle
cast on

Handle
stuck on

$0. 57
$0. 60
.6 0
. 57
. 35
. 57 .......... . 6 0
. 80
. 77
.7 0
. 67
.6 0
. 57
.6 0
. 57
. 77
. 80
.8 0
. 77
.7 4
. 67
. 57
. 60
. 52
. 55
.8 0
.7 7
.3 8
. 35
.4 8
.4 5
. 70
. 60
. 55
. 65
. 90
. 60

. 55
. 65
.5 0
$0. 77
. 63
. 77
. 45

. 40
. 35
. 30
. 50
. 45
. 40
. 35

. 70
. 65
.60
. 55
. 83

.7 3

.68

.63
.5 8

.86

.7 4

.77

. 65
. 55

.6 8

.7 0

.73

.65
.60
. 55
.83
.74

.68

.5 8

.63
.5 8

.8 6
.7 7

.7 0

.73

.65
.60

.6 8

.5 5
• 83

.5 8

.63
.8 6

151

APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT
P r ic e s f o r C a s t in g V it r e o u s H o t e l C h in a w it h P r e p a r e d

( D o p e ) Sl ip —

Continued
Unhandled

Sugars, Q. M. D., 36’s__________________________
Sugars, Rocaille, 30’s___________________________
Sugars, Rocaille, 36’s___________________________
Sugars, toy_________________________ ___________
Sirup jars, screw top, 24’s_______________________
Sirup jars, screw top, 30’s_______________________
Sirup jars, plain, 30’s, notch cut in top of handle....
Teapots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
handle and spout stuck on____________________
Teapots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
spout cast on, handle stuck on_________________
Teapots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity,
handle and spout cast on______________________
Teapots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity,
handle and spout stuck on___________ _________
Teapots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity,
spout cast on, handle stuck on______ __________
Teapots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity,
spout and handle cast on______________________

Handle
cast on

$0. 74
.74
.65
. 55
. 55
. 50
. 50

Handle
stuck on

77
. 77
.68
.58
.55
.50
.50

$0.

1. 25
1. 10
1. 05

1. 10
.95
.90

The manufacturer wishing to avail himself of the above prices must install
necessary appliances and reasonable conveniences for casters.
Where shops fail to install the required appliances, or use molds made for
pressing in which to do casting, or where water slip is used, china pressing prices
shall be paid. If there is no established china pressing price for an article they
shall pay 10 per cent additional above the china casting price.
Where 36,s and smaller jugs and creams are plugged at lower part of the handle
the price paid shall be the same as the stuck-on-handle price.
Sufficient straps, hoops, and pouring buckets shall be furnished by the firm.
Slip shall be delivered in the casting shop free of charge to the casters.
Any article measuring one-half size or more larger than the “ correct size” as
specified in this list will take the price of the next larger size. , Any article
measuring less than one-half size larger than the “ correct size” will take the
price of the “ correct size.”
DISH MAKING
H o t e l C h in a D is h e s a n d B a k e r s
d is h e s

Add 5 6 89 per cent to the following prices:
Per dozen

1034

2-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ $0.
2J^-inch, oval, plain edge_______________________________________________
. 10J4
3-inch, oval, plain edge___________________________________________
. 1034
4-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________
. 12
5-inch, oval plain edge__________________________________________________
. 13
6-inch, oval, plain edge—_______________________________________________
. 14
7-inch, oval, plain edge___________________________________________
. 1534
8-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________
. 18
9-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________
.2 0
10-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________
. 23
11-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________
. 25
12-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________
. 28
“ As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 81.




152

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

Per dozen

13-inch,
14-inch,
15-inch,
16-inch,

oval,
oval,
oval,
oval,

plain edge________________________________________________ $0. 32
plain edge________________________________________________
.3 7
plain edge________________________________________________
. 45
plain edge________________________________________________
. 50

BAKERS
2-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___.
^
2J^-inch, oval, plain edge..-------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---- . 10H
3-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 10%
4-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 12
5-inch, oval, plain edge______________________________________________ ___ ___. 13
6-inch, oval, plain edge__________________ ______________________________ ___. 14
7-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 153^
8-inch, oval, plain edge------------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ---- . 18
9-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 20
10-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________ ___.2 3
10-inch, roll edge and hotel thick bakers, outside mold------------------------ ---- . 273^

103

SPECIAL DISHES AND BAKERS
Dairy dish, 5-inch, square, plain and festooned___________________________. 2 0 ^
Delmonico nappie, 5-inch, ribbed, in side mold, made on dish machine. . 18
Delmonico nappie, 6-inch, ribbed, in side mold, made on dish machine. . 21
Fish dishes, 16-inch, unfooted__________________________________________ _. 70
Fish dishes, 18-inch, unfooted----------------------------------------------------------------- ---. 90
Fish dishes, 20-inch, unfooted__________________________________________ _1. 00
Fish dishes, 16-inch, footed_____________________________________________ _1. 40
Fish dishes, 18-inch, footed_____________________________________________ _1. 80
Fish dishes, 20-inch, footed_____________________________________________ _2. 00
M. & M. pickle, made on dish machine________________________________ _. 20
New York pickle, made on dish machine_______________________________ _. 20
Philadelphia stew baker, 6J^-inch__L____________________________________. 14
Steam dishes, 16-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _1. 65
Steam dishes, 18-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _2. 20
Steam dishes, 20-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _2. 65
Steam dishes, 22-inch, unfooted__________________________________________3. 30
Steam dishes, 24-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _3. 85
Steam dishes, continental, 17-inch______________________________________ _1. 95
Steam dishes, continental, 18-inch______________________________________ _2. 20
Plain square dishes or bakers shall pay price and one-half of plain oval.
Dishes and bakers made on dish machine shall pay piece price at the same rate
as oval dishes made by hand.
Hotel thick and half thick plain festooned dishes and bakers shall pay 15 per
cent above the making price of same shape and size plain dishes and bakers.
Hotel thick and half thick fancy festooned or embossed dishes and bakers shall
pay 20 per cent above the making price of same shape and size plain dishes and
bakers.
Footed dishes and bakers shall pay double the price of plain unfooted dishes
or bakers of the same size.
When a manufacturer requires that dishes, bakers and other ware be stamped
in the green state, one-quarter (34) of a cent extra per dozen shall be paid for
such stamping.
H A N D L IN G
H otel C hina H andling P rices
Add 41 ’ per cent to the following prices:

Per dozen
Coffee pots, Vienna, Nos. 1, 2 __________________________________________ $0. 20
Creams, individual, handling, sticking, and cutting out snip___________
. 12
Creams, individual, sticking and cutting out snip only_________________
. 08
Cups, tea, coffee, A. D., ordinary shapes, block handles_____ __________
. 04^
* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

153
Per dozen

Cups, tea, coffee, A. D., ordinary shapes, open handles______________ $0. 05%
. 11
Cups, welded block handle________________________________________
Cups, Ackers coffee, block handle__________________________________
. 05
. 11
Cups, Anderson, block handle worked on___________________________
Cups, Astor House, Conklin, block handle_____________ ____________
. 04%
Cups, Astor House coffee, block handle__ __________________________
. 04%
Cups, Atlantic coffee, block handle_________________________________
.05
Cups, Belfield coffee, Ovide style, block handle_____________________
. 05
Cups, Boston coffee, Ovide style, block handle______________________
. 05
Cups, buillon, block handle________________________________________
. 10
Cups, bouillon, open handle_______________________________________
. 11
Cups, Bridgewood coffee, open handle______________________________
. 05%
Cups, cable tea, open handle______________________________________
. 06
Cups, Cambridge coffee, block handle______________________________
. 05
Cups, Chicago coffee, block handle_________________________________
. 05
Cups, Culot, block handle_________________________________________
.05
Cups, Conklin, special St. Louis, block handle______________________
. 05^
Cups, Conklin, regular, half thick, block handle_____________________
. 04%
Cups, extra tea, block handle______________________________________
. 04%
Cups, F. & M., block handle______________________________________
. 05
Cups, Gridley, block handle_______________________________________
. 04%
Cups, Hub coffee, Ovide style, block handle________________________
. 05
Cups, mustache, sticking lip and handle____________________________
. 20
Cups, Newton coffee, Ovide style, block handle_____________________
. 05
Cups, Philadelphia, A. D., special, open handle_____________________
. 07
Cups, Pluton coffee, Ovide style, block handle______________________
. 05
Cups, R. C. special coffee, Ovide style, block handle_________________
. 05
Cups, Rialto, A. D., open handle__________________________________
. 05%
Cups, sanitary block handle, welded or worked on___________________
. 11
Cups, Saxon coffee, extra large, block handle________________________
. 05
Cups, Saxon coffee, large, block handle_____________________________
.05
Cups, Saxon California coffee, block handle_________________________
.05
Cups, Saxon New York coffee, K. & T. mug handle_________________
.06
Cups, Saxon tea, block handle_____________________________________
. 04%
Cups, Saxon, A. D., block handle__________________________________
. 04%
Cups, Shaw, A. D., ring handle____________________________________
. 06
Cups, special St. Louis Conklin, block handle_______________________
. 05J^
Cups, Trenton coffee, Saxon style, French mug block handle_________
. 06
Cups, Trenton coffee, Saxon style, ordinary block handle____________
. 05
Cups, Trenton coffee, Ovide style, block handle_____________________
. 05
Cups, tulip, block handle__________________________________________
. 05J^
Cups, tulip, open handle___________________ ;______________________
. 06
Cups, Yale, Ovide style, block handle______________________________
. 05
Custards, block handle__ _________________________________________
. 04%
Custards, open handle___ !________________________________________
. 05%
Custards, face, Nos. 1, 2, and 3____________________________________
.08
Egg cups, double, after jigger man or turner________________________
. 05
Egg cups, shirred_________________________________ _______________
. 07
Mugs, beer______________________________________________________
. 08
. 14
Mugs, block handle, welded or worked on__________________________
Mugs, chocolate, plain____________________________________________
. 07
Mugs, chocolate, Stier, fluted, foot stuck on, G. P___________________
. 15
Mugs, dairy, ordinary shapes, all sizes open handle__________________
. 09
Mugs, dairy, 18’s and 24’s, open handle, worked on_________________
. 11
Mugs, dairy, 30’s, open handle, worked on________________ _______ _
. 10
Mugs, K. & T., French or Vienna, block handle_____________________
. 06
Mugs, soda, regular______________________________________________
. 07
Mugs, soda, special, three-cut handle_______________________________
. 09
Mustards, barrel, on stand, cutting cover and sticking body on saucer.
. 12
Mustards, round, ordinary, block handle___________________________
. 04%
Mustards, round, ordinary, open handle____________________________
. 05%
Mustard covers, cutting, ordinary thickness________________________
. 04
Mustard covers, cutting, hotel, extra thick_________________________
. 05
Shirred-egg cups__________________________________________________
. 07
Spit cups________________________________________________________
. 08
Steins....... ...........„ ....................................................................... •_______
. 10




154

th e

pottery

in d u s t r y

Per dozen

Sugars, 24’s and 30’s, two faces or ears stuck on_____________________$0. 09
Sugars, 36’s and 42’s, two faces or ears stuck on_____________________
.08
Sugars, restaurant or individual, faces or ears stuck on_______________
. 08
Teapots, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2 _____________________________________
.2 0
Teapots, toy_____________________________________________________
. 20
Boxing cups with the use of starch or other adhesive material, one-half cent
extra per dozen.
All work shall be proportionately divided among journeyman handlers so long
as there is any ware to be handled.
JIGGERING
C h i n a J ig g e r i n g P r ic e s
HOTEL THICK AND HALF THICK
Add 467 per cent to the following prices:
Per dozen

Bean pots, turned________________________________________________ $0. 05
Bean pots, sponged_______________________________________________
.08
Berry saucers, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain_________________________ _ . 04J^
Berry saucers, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned______________________
. 05
Berry saucers, French, festooned___________________________________
. 05
Berry saucers, Greek, festooned____________________________________
. 05
.06
Berry saucers, Hub, ribbed and festooned, small____________________
Berry saucers, Hub, ribbed and festooned, large_____________________
. 07
. 06
Berry saucers, Worcester, ribbed and festooned_____________________
Berry saucers, Worcester, ribbed and festooned, large________________
. 07
Boston egg cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finish­
ing, large size__________________________________________________
.25
Boston egg cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finish­
ing, small size__________________________________________________
.2 0
. 05
Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, turned_____________________________________
Bowls, 42's, all shapes, turned_______________________________,--------. 05
Bowls, 36's, all shapes, turned_____________________________________
. 05
Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, turned_____________________________________
. 05
Bowls, 24’s, all shapes, turned_____________________________________
. 05
Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________
.08
Bowls, 42's, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________
.08
Bowls, 36's, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________
.08
Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________
.09
Bowls, 24’s, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________
. 11
Bowls, 36’s, Imperial thin top, sponged_____________________________
. 10
Bowls, 30’s, Imperial thin top, sponged------------------------------- -----------. 10
Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________
. 09
Bowls, 42’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________
. 09
Bowls, 36’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________
. 09
Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________
. 10
Bowls, 24’s, ail shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________
. 12
Inside bowls, made with either bat or liner, 2 cents extra per
dozen. Bowls, rubbered inside, 2 cents extra per dozen.
Bowls, 48's, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged_________________
. 12
Bowls, 42’s, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged_________________
.1 2
Bowls, 36’s, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged______________—
. 12
Bowls, 30's, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged_________________
. 14
Bowls, 24’s, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged-------------------------.16
Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________
. 13
Bowls, 42’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________
. 13
Bowls, 36’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________
. 13
Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________
. 15
Bowls, 24’s, aU shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged--------------------- . 17
Bread plates, sham handle, round__________________________________
. 10
Brush vases, single mold, turned___________________________________
. 08
* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 69.




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

155
Per dozen

Butters, hotel, loose drainer, no cover______________________________ $0. 30
Butters, covered, complete, loose drain, four-piece___________________
. 60
Butters, fast drainer, no cover_____________________________________
. 55
Butters, individual, plain__________________________________________
. 03
Butters, individual, roll and safe edge______________________________ . 0 3 %
Butters, individual, festooned______________________________________
.04
Cake covers, with knob, turned____________________ _______________
. 07
Cake covers, no knob_____________________________________________
.06
Cake covers, Greenwood__________________________________________
. 07
Cake covers, Imperial, thin, no knob, one hole, sponged_____________
.15
Cake covers, Imperial, half thick, no knob, one hole, sponged________
. 12
Cake covers, Imperial, thick, 7 holes_______________________________
. 20
Cake covers, Imperial, thick, 7 holes, Murray Hill (tall)_____________
.25
Cake plate, sham handle, round______________________________ _____
. 10
.50
Chambers, hotel, complete, one-piece mold, sticking and finishing____
Chambers, home, three-piece mold, complete_______________________
.60
Chop plate_____________________ _________________________________
.25
Coffeepot, Vienna No. 1__________________________________________
.65
Coffeepot, Vienna No. 2 __________________________________________
.70
Coffee urns, per gallon__________________________ _________________
.05
.25
Coffee urn spigots, making and sticking____________________________
Comports, 5-inch, two-piece_______________________________________
. 30
Comports, 6-inch, two-piece__________________________________ _____
. 33
Comports, 7-inch, two-piece_______________________________________
. 36
Comports, 8-inch, two-piece_______________________________________
. 40
Comports, 9-inch, two-piece----------------------------------------------------------. 44
Comports, 10-inch, two-piece______________________________________
. 48
Comports, 5-inch, three-piece_____________________ ________________
. 38
Comports, 6-inch, three-piece______________________________________
.41
Comports, 7-inch, three-piece______________________ _______________
.44
Comports, 8-inch, three-piece______________________________________
.48
Comports, 9-inch, three-piece______________________________________
. 52
Comports, 10-inch, three-piece_____________________________________
. 56
Cospadores, unhandled and uncovered, sponged_____________________
.80
. 10
Creams, individual, single mold, unhandled______ __________________
Creams, individual, single mold, solid handle stuck on_______________
. 14
Creams, individual, two or three part mold, unhandled______________
.12
Creams, individual, two or three part mold, solid handle made in body
mold---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 13
Creams, individual two or three part mold, open handle made in body
. 14
mold__________________________________________________________
Creams, individual, two or three part mold, handle stuck on_________
. 16
Creams, Saxon, No. 1, two or three part mold, unhandled____________
. 12
Creams, Saxon, No. 1, two or three part mold, solid handle in body
mold__________________________________________________________
. 13
Creams, Saxon, No. 1, two or three part mold, handle stuck on_______
.16
Creams, Saxon, No. 2, two or three part mold, unhandled____________
. 14
Creams, Saxon, No. 2, two or three part mold, open handle in body
mold________________ _________________________________________
. 16
Creams, Saxon, No. 2, two or three part mold, handle stuck on_______
. 19
Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, two or three part mold, unhandled___
. 12
Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, two or three part mold, solid handle in
body mold_____________________________________________________
. 13
Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, two or three part mold, handle stuck on.
. 16
Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, two or three part mold, unhandled____
. 12
Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, two or three part mold, handle in body
mold__________________________________________________________
. 14
Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, two or three part mold, handle stuck on.
. 16
Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, one-piece mold, for turner___________
. 05
Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, one-piece mold, for turner____________
. 05
Cups, coffee, tea, A. D., thick and half thick, ordinary shape_________ . 03J^
Cups, Boston, coffee (G. P. Co.)_____________ ______________________
.05
Cups, catsup--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 0 3 ^
Cups, Culot coffee, large__________________________________________
. 05
Cups, custard, block, turned_______________________________________
. 04




156

T H E POTTERY IN D U STRY
Per dozen

Cups, custard, two pieces, all sizes, turned__________________________ $0. 07
Cups, Hart coffee_________________________________________________
. 05
Cups, Marine coffee, large_________________________________________
. 05
Cups, Q. M. D. coffee____________________________________________
. 05
Cups, Saxon, coffee, large_________________________________________
. 05
Cups, tulip coffee, extra large______________________________________
.05
Cups, terrapin, fluted, unhandled__________________________________
. 12
Cups made with liners, extra per dozen_____________________________ . 0134
Six dozen on the hundred dozen allowed the jigger men for break­
age on cups only and count after turner.
Custards, block, all sizes, turned___________________________________ . 04J4
.07
Custards, two-piece, all sizes, turned_______________________________
Custards, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing,
large size______________________________________________________
. 25
Custards, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing,
small size______________________________________________________
. 20
. 12
Delmonico nappies, ribbed, inside mold, 4-inch, made with bat_______
Delmonico nappies, ribbed, inside mold, 5-inch, made with bat_______
. 14
Egg cups, single, turned___________________________________________ . 0434
Egg cups, double, turned (block)___________________________________
. 05
Egg cups, double, turned (two-piece)_______________________________
.07
. 05
Egg cups, shirred, body only, turned_______________________________
Egg cups, shirred, cover only, turned_______________________________
. 05
Egg cups, Boston, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and
finishing, large size_____________________________________________
. 25
Egg cups, Boston, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and
finishing, small size_____________________________________________
.2 0
Fruits, saucers, 3, 4, 4J4, 5 inches, plain____________________________ . 0434
Fruits, saucers, 3, 4, 4J4> 5 inches, festooned------------------------------------. 05
Fruits, Hub, ribbed and festooned, small___________________________
. 06
Fruits, Hub, ribbed and festooned, large____________________________
. 07
Hub fruits, ribbed and festooned, small_________________________ ___
. 06
Hub fruits, ribbed and festooned, large-------------------------------------------. 07
Hub ice creams, ribbed and festooned, small________________________
. 06
Hub ice creams, ribbed and festooned, large________________________
. 07
Ice creams, 3, 4, 434, 5 inch, plain--------------------------------------------------- . 0434
Ice creams, 3, 4, 434, 5 inch, festooned--------------------------------------------. 05
Ice creams, Hub, ribbed and festooned, small____ __________________
. 06
Ice creams, Hub, ribbed and festooned, large_______________________
. 07
Ice creams, ribbed________________________________________________
. 15
Ice creams, shell--------------------------------------------------------------------------. 15
. 40
Ice tubs, 8-inch, for turner____________________ ___________________
Ice tubs, 9-inch, for turner------------------------------- -----------------------------. 45
Ice tubs, 10-inch, turned__________________________________________
. 50
Ice tubs, 8-inch., sponged__________________________________________
. 45
Ice tubs, 9-inch, sponged---------------------------------------------------------------. 50
Ice tubs, 10-inch, sponged-------------------------------- ----------------------------. 55
Ice tubs, firing rings---------------------------------------------------------------------.2 0
Jugs, hallboy, 12’s, complete, handle stuck on_______________________
.40
Jugs, hallboy, 24’s, complete, handle stuck on_______________________
.36
Jugs, hall boy, 30’s, complete, handle stuck on______________________
. 34
Jugs, hallboy, 12’s, handle in body mold____________________________
. 38
Jugs, hallboy, 24’s, handle in body mold____________________________
. 33
Jugs, hallboy, 30’s, handle in body mold____________________________
. 30
Liners for cups___________________________________________________
. 0134
Liners for bowls and mugs________________________________________
.02
Match safes, patent, three pieces, complete_________________________
. 50
M. C. saucer, plain_______________________________________________
. 0534
M. P. saucer, plain_______________________________________________
. 0534
Mugs, ordinary, 26 and 30, turned-------------------------------------------------. 05
Mugs, ordinary, 24 and 18, turned-------------------------------------------------.06
Mugs, beer--------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------------------. 07
Mugs, chocolate, small, turned-------------------------------------------------------. 06
Mugs, chocolate, large, turned-------------------------------------------------------. 07
Mugs, soda, small, turned------------------------------------------------ -------------. 06
Mugs, soda, large, turned----------------------- ------- ------------------------------. 07




APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

157
Per dozen

Mugs, rubbered inside, extra per doz_________________________________ $0. 02
Mustards, barrel, covered, turned____________________________________
. 08
Mustards, round, covered, turned____________________________________
. 08
Mustards, Vienna, regular, turned___________________________________
. 08
Mustards, Vienna, large_____________________________________________
. 10
Mustards, Q. M. D_________________________________________________
. 10
Nappies, 3-inch, insid.e mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________
.08
Nappies, 4-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________
. 08
Nappies, 43^-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged____________
. 08
Nappies, 5-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________
. 09
Nappies, 6-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________
. 11
. 11
Nappies, 7-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________
Nappies, 8-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________
. 11
Nappies, 9-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________
. 13
. 13
Nappies, 3-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________
Nappies, 4-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________
. 13
Nappies, 4J^-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged___________
. 13
Nappies, 5-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________
. 14
Nappies, 6-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________
. 16
Nappies, 7-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________
. 16
Nappies, 8-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________
. 16
Nappies, 9-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________
. 18
Nappies, plain, 4-inch, inside mold, turned___________________________
. 05
. 05
Nappies, plain, 4 -inch, inside mold, turned_________________________
Nappies, plain, 5-inch, inside mold, turned___________________________
. 05
. 15
Nappies, Government, inside mold, sponged__________________________
Nappies, home, inside mold, sponged_________________________________
. 15
Nappies, Delmonico, ribbed, inside mold, 4-inch, made with bat________
.12
Nappies, Delmonico, ribbed, inside mold, 5-inch, made with bat________
.14
Oatmeal bowls, 48 ’s, plain or roll edge, inside mold____________________
.08
.08
Oatmeal bowls, 42’s, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________
Oatmeal bowls, 36's, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________
.08
. 09
Oatmeal bowls, 30's, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________
Oatmeal bowls, 24’s, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________
. 11
Oatmeal bowls, 48's, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________
. 09
Oatmeal bowls, 42’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________
. 09
Oatmeal bowls, 36’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________
.09
Oatmeal bowls, 30’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________
. 10
Oatmeal bowls, 24’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________
. 12
Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________
.08
.08
Oatmeal bowls, 4-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________
Oatmeal bowls, 434-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold________________
.08
Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________
. 09
Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________
. 11
Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged________________
. 09
Oatmeal bowls, 4-anch, festooned, inside mold, sponged________________
.09
Oatmeal bowls, 4^-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged______________
.09
Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________ ______
. 10
Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged________________
. 12
Oatmeal bowls, inside, made with either bat or liner, extra_____________
. 02
Oatmeal bowls, rubbered inside, extra________________________________
. 02
Oatmeal bowls, 48’s, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged--------------. 12
Oatmeal bowls, 42's, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged__________
. 12
Oatmeal bowls, 36’s, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged---------------.12
Oatmeal bowls, 30's, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged__________
.14
Oatmeal bowls, 24’s, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged--------------. 16
Oatmeal bowls, 48’s, festooned, outside mold, sponged_________________
. 13
Oatmeal bowls, 42’s, festooned, outside mold, sponged-------------------------. 13
Oatmeal bowls, 36’s, roll edge or festooned, outside mold, sponged--------. 13
Oatmeal bowls, 30's, roll edge or festooned, outside mold, sponged--------. 15
Oatmeal bowls, 24's, roll edge or festooned, outside mold, sponged---------. 17
Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged________
.12
Oatmeal bowls, 4-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged-----------.12
Oatmeal bowls, 434-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged -----, 12
86315°—26------11




158

the

potteky

in d u s t r y

Per dozen

Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged______ $0.
Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged______
Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________
Oatmeal bowls, 4-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________
Oatmeal bowls, 434-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged___________
Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________
Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________
Oatmeal saucers, plain-----------------------------------------------------------------Oatmeal saucers, festooned________________________________________
Oatmeal saucers, knocking off mold, extra---------------------------------------Oatmeal saucers shall not exceed 1% inches inside depth, block mold
measurement. Oatmeal saucers exceeding 1% inches inside depth,
block mold measurement, shall be classed as outside bowls and pay
accordingly.
Plates, flat, plain, 3-inch---------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 4-inch---------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 4J^-inch------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 5-inch---------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 534-inch------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 6-inch__________________________________________
Plates, flat, plain, 6J4 -inch------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 7-inch__________________________________________
Plates, flat, plain, 734-inch________________________________________
Plates, flat, plain, 8-inch__________________________________________
Plates, flat, plain, 10-inch_________________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 3-inch________________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 4-inch________________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 5-inch________________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 534-inch______________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 6-inch________________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 634-inch---------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, festoon, 7-inch________________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 734-inch______________________________________
Plates, flat, festoon, 8-inch________________________________________
Plates, deep, plain, 5-inch_________________________________________
Plates, deep, plain, 534-inch_______________________________________
Plates, deep, plain, 6-inch-------------------------------------------------------------Plates, deep, plain, 634-inch_______________________________________
Plates, deep, plain, 7-inch_________________________________________
Plates, deep, plain, 734-inch_______________________________________
Plates, deep, plain, 8-inch_________________________________________
Plates, deep, festoon, 5-inch_______________________________________
Plates, deep, festoon, 534-inch-------------------------------------------------------Plates, deep, festoon, 6-inch_____________________________ _________
Plates, deep, festoon, 6J4-inch------------------------------------------------ ------Plates, deep, festoon, 7-inch_______________________________________
Plates, deep, festoon, 734-inch-------------------------------------------------------Plates, deep, festoon, 8-inch_______________________________________
Plates, coupe, plain, 6-inch________________________________________
Plates, coupe, plain, 7-inch________________________________________
Plates, coupe, festoon, 6-inch______________________________________
Plates, coupe, festoon, 7-inch---------------------------------------------------------Plates, banquet, 6-inch___________________________________________
Plates, banquet, 7-inch___________________________________________
Plates, banquet, 8-inch___________________________________________
Plates, banquet, 9-inch___________________________________________
Plates, bread, sham handle, round_________________________________
Plates, cake, sham handle, round__________________________________
Plates, chop______________________________________________________
Plates, service, 10-inch fired_______________________________________
Plates, service, 12-inch fired_______________________________________
Plates polished or backed with rubber, extra------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 5-inch, hand tool________________________________
Plates, flat, plain, 534-inch, hand tool______________________________
Plates, flat, plain, 6-inch, hand tool________________________________
Plates, flat, plain, 634-inch, hand tool______________________________




14
.16
. 13
. 13
. 13
. 15
. 17
.07
.07%
.02

. 04J4
. 04 J4
. 05
. 05
. 06
. 06
. 07
. 07
. 08
. 08
. 10
. 05
. 05
. 0534
.0§%
.06%
.07%
.07%
. 09
. 09
. 06
. 07
. 07
. 08
. 08
. 09
. 09
. 0634
.07%
.07%
. 09
. 09
. 10
. 10
. 07
. 08
.07%
. 09
. 06
.07
.08
.09
. 10
. 10
. 25
. 10
. 12
.02

. 07%
.08
. 08
. 09

159

A PPEN DIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

Per dozen

.

Plates, flat, plain, 7-inch, hand tool________________________________ $0. 09
Plates, flat, plain, 8-inch, hand tool________________________________
10
Plates, flat, festoon, 5-inch, hand tool---------------------------------------------.08
Plates, fiat, festoon, 5J^-inch, hand tool_______________ ____________
.08 U
Plates, flat, festoon, 6-inch, hand tool---------------------------------------------.0 S %
Plates, flat, festoon, 6^-inch, hand tool------------------------------------------. 10
Plates, flat, festoon, 7-inch, hand tool______________________________
. 10
Plates, flat, festoon, 8-inch, hand tool______________________________
. 11
Plates, deep, plain, 5-inch, hand tool_______________________________
.08M
Plates, deep, plain, 5^ 2-inch, hand tool_____________________________
.09
Plates, deep, plain, 6-inch, hand tool_______________________________
.09
Plates, deep, plain, 63^-inch, hand tool_____________________________
. 10
Plates, deep, plain, 7-inch, hand tool__________________ ____________
. 10
Plates, deep, plain, 8-inch, hand tool_______________________________
. 11
. 09
Plates, deep, festoon, 5-inch, hand tool_____________________________
Plates, deep, festoon, 5J^-inch, hand tool___________________________
. 093/i
Plates, deep, festoon, 6-inch, hand tool_____________________________
. 09M
Plates, deep, festoon, 6J^-inch, hand tool___________________________
11
Plates, deep, festoon, 7-inch, hand tool_____________________________
. 11
Plates, deep, festoon, 8-inch, hand tool_____________________________
. 12
. 12
Plates, bread, round, sham handle, hand tool_______________________
12
Plates, cake, round, sham handle, hand tool________________________
. 12
Plates, coupe soup, plain, 6-inch, hand tool-------------------------------------Plates, coupe soup, plain, 6J^-inch, hand tool_______________________
. 12
Plates, service, 10M-indi in fired, state, hand tool__________________
12
Punch cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing,
large size______________________________________________________
.25
Punch cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing,
. 20
small size______________________________________________________
Ramikins, ribbed, round, uncovered, No. 1_________________________
. 12
Ramikins, ribbed, round, uncovered, No. 2_________________ ________
. 12
. 12
Ramikins, plain, flared edge, uncovered____________________________
. 15
Ribbed ice creams---------------------- -------------------------------------------------Salads, high foot, 5-inch, inside mold, for turner____________________
. 05
. 06
Salads, high foot, 6-inch, inside mold, for turner____________________
Salads, high foot, 7-inch, inside mold, for turner____________________
. 08
. 10
Salads, high foot, 8-inch, inside mold, for turner_____________________
Salads, high foot, 9-inch, inside mold, for turner_____________________
. 15
. 05
Salads, high foot, 30’s, inside mold, for turner_______________________
.06
Salads, high foot, 24’s, inside mold, for turner_______________________
.
02
Salads, rubbered inside, extra_____________________________________
. 12
Salads, low foot, 5-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____
. 14
Salads, low foot, 6-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____
Salads, low foot, 7-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____
. 16
Salads, low foot, 8-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____
. 18
Salads, low foot, 9-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____
. 20
Salads, low foot, 43^-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool__
. 17
Salads, low foot, 5-iach, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____
. 17
Salads, low foot, 6-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____
20
Salads, low foot, 7-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____
22
Salads, low foot, 8-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____
. 2 5
Salads, low foot, 9-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____
. 30
Salads, low foot, 4J^-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool___
. 20
20
Salads, low foot, 5-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____
Salads, low foot, 6-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____
. 23
Salads, low foot, 7-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____
. 25
Salads, low foot, 8-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____
. 30
Salads, low foot, 9-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool____
. 35
Salad, two-piece, 5-inch, jiggering, sticking, finishing_________________
. 32
Salad, two-piece, 6-inch, jiggering, sticking, finishing_________________
. 35
Salads, Navy, 8-inch, one-piece, inside mould, sponged_______________
. 35
Salads, Navy, 9-inch, one-piece, inside mold, sponged________________
. 40
Salads, Navy, 10-inch, one-piece, inside mold, sponged_______________
. 45
Saucers, berry, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain__________________________
.0 4 ^
Saucers, berry, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned_____ ________________
.05
•04J*
Saucers, coffee, tea, A. D., regular, plain___________________________




.

.
.

..
.

160

TH E POTTERY INDUSTRY
Per dozen

Saucers, coffee, tea, A. D., regular, festooned_______________________ $0.
Saucers, fruit, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain___________________________
Saucers, fruit, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned____________ __________
Saucers, Government, plain_______________________________________
Saucers, Hart coffee, plain____________________________________ ____
Saucers, Hub fruit, ribbed and festooned, small_____________________
Saucers, Hub fruit, ribbed and festooned, large______________________
Saucers, Hub ice cream, ribbed and festooned, small_________________
Saucers, Hub ice cream, ribbed and festooned, large_________________
Saucers, ice cream, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain______________________
Saucers, ice cream, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned__________________
Saucers, M. C., plain_____________________________________________
Saucers, M. P., plain_____________________________________________
Saucers, oatmeal, plain___________________________________________
Saucers, oatmeal, festooned_______________________________________
Saucers, Q. M. D., plain__________________________________________
Saucers, Q. M. C., plain__________________________________________
Saucers, Worcester berry, ribbed and festooned, small_______________
Saucers, Worcester berry, ribbed and festooned, large________________
Service plate, 10-inch, fired_______ ________________________________
Service plate, 12-inch, fired________________________________________
Shell ice cream___________________________________________________
Shirred-egg dish, without foot_____________________________________
Shirred-egg dish, with notched foot________________________________
Soup warmer, for steam table, 63^-inch, complete___________________
Soup warmer, for steam table, 8 -inch, complete___________________
Soup warmer, for steam table, 103^ -inch, complete__________________
Spittoons, low parlor, half thick, one-piece mold, complete___________
Spittoons, low parlor, thick, one-piece mold, complete_______________
Spittoons, firing rings_____________________________________________
Sugars, round, 24’s, single mold, for turner_________________________
Sugars, round, 30’s, single mold, for turner_________________________
Sugars, round, 36's, single mold, for turner--------------------------------------Sugars, round, 42’s single mold, for turner---------------------------------------Sugars, round, 48;s, single mold, for turner_________________________
Sugars, Vienna, 24’s, single mold, for turner________________________
Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, single mold, for turner________________________
Sugars, Vienna, 36’s single mold, for turner_________________________
Sugars, Vienna, 42;s, single mold, for turner________________________
Sugars, Vienna, 48’s, single mold, for turner________________________
Sugars, round, 24’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing_________________
Sugars, round, 30's, jiggering, sticking, and finishing-------------------------Sugars, round, 36’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing_________________
Sugars, round, 42's, jiggering, sticking, and finishing_________________
Sugars, round, 48’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing-------------------------Sugars, Vienna, 24's, jiggering, sticking, and finishing________________
Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing________________
Sugars, Vienna, 36’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing________________
Sugars, Imperial, bellied, complete_________________________________
Sugars, rubbered, inside, extra-------------------------------------------------------Sugar covers only, half of total price.
Sugar bodies only, half of total price.
Teapots, Vienna, No. 1, complete__________________________________
Teapots, Vienna, No. 2, complete__________________________________
Terrapin cups, fluted, unhandled, Nos. 1 and 2-------------------------------Tureens, for steam table, 6^-inch, complete_____________ __________
Tureens, for steam table, 8^ 2-inch, complete------------------------------------Tureens, for steam table, 10^-inch, complete_______________________
Vase, brush, single mold, turned___________________________________
Worcester berry saucer, ribbed and festooned, small_________________
Worcester berry saucer, ribbed and festooned, large_________________
Cups made with liners shall pay extra______________________________
Bowls made with bat or liner shall pay extra________________________




05
. 0 4^
. 05
. 05J^
. 05^j
. 06
.07
.06
. 07
. 043^
. 05
. 053^
. 05}^
. 07
.07%
. 05
. 05J^
. 06
.07
. 10
. 12
. 15
. 15
.22
. 45
. 60
. 75
.35
.35
. 12
. 16
. 15
. 14
. 13
. 13
. 18
. 17
. 16
. 15
.15
.36
. 35
.34
.30
. 30
.45
. 40
.35
. 50
. 02
. 65
. 70
.12
.45
. 60
. 75
. 08
. 06
. 07
.0 1 }^

.02

APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

161

No charge to jigger men for steam or electricity to operate jigger.
When a manufacturer requires that ware be stamped in the green state, onequarter ( } 4 ) of a cent extra per dozen shall be paid for such stamping.
Where jigger men are required to rubber bowls, nappies, mugs, mustards,
sugars, salads, and other hollow ware on the inside in the process of making it,
2 cents extra per dozen shall be paid.
Where it is necessary to knock ware off molds in green state to prevent loss,
the jigger men shall be paid 2 cents extra per dozen.
Where it is necessary to make inside bowls, nappies, salads, and similar ware
with bat, the jigger men shall be paid 2 cents extra per dozen.
KILN WORK
K iln

W o r k — B is q u e

Placing china bisque kilns, 130 cubic feet shall constitute a kiln man’s day’s
work.
When plates, dishes, saucers, and other flatware are sanded by machine for
placing in bisque kiln, 161 cubic feet shall constitute a kiln man's day's work.
The style of placing and size of saggers to be the same as in use in semiporcelain
general-ware shops. Hollow ware to be sprinkled. Plates, dishes, saucers, and
other flat ware to be sprinkled and rubbed up.
Where kiln men are required to bed roll edge or thin plates, dishes, saucers, or
other flat ware, extra time shall be paid.
Additional bungs placed in the arches, in excess of nine to a kiln, shall pay
extra time on the basis of one kiln man's day for every three bungs.
All setters to be taken from saggers and cleaned at expense of firm.
Bats to be dressed and delivered to kiln in which they are to be used at the
expense of firm.
Scotch bricks to be delivered to kiln in which they are to be used at expense
of firm.
When there is an ascension of a half story to the green room, there shall be onehalf day added to time on kiln, and one day for full story.
Where the distance from the kiln door to middle of green room is between 60
and 75 feet an extra half day shall be allowed. Where the distance is between
75 and 100 feet an extra day shall be allowed. Where the distance is between
100 and 125 feet ah extra one and one-half days shall be allowed.
Journeyman kiln men, $ 3 . 1 7 20 per kiln man's day's work.
Bench boss, $ 3 . 7 8 19 per kiln man's day's work.
Kiln men required to place ware in flint shall be paid twenty-five (25c.) cents
extra per kiln man's day.
K il n W o r k — G l o s t

Placing glost kilns, 112 cubic feet shall constitute a kiln man's day's work.
Additional bungs placed in the arches, in excess of nine to a kiln, shall pay
extra time on the basis of one kiln man's day for every three bungs.
Double banjos placed in the first ring shall pay extra time on the basis of one
kiln man's day for every four bungs.
Kiln men shall receive 20 cents extra on each kiln man's day's work in the
kiln for rubbing ware.
Where there is an ascension of a half story to the dipping room, there shall be
one-half day added to time on kiln, and one full day for full story.
Where the distance from the kiln door to middle of drying room for dipped
ware is between 60 and 75 feet an extra half day shall be allowed. Where the
distance is between 75 to 100 feet an extra day shall be allowed. Where the
distance is between 100 and 125 feet an extra one and one-half days shall be
allowed.
Journeyman kiln man $ 3 . 1 7 20 per kiln man's day's work.
Bench boss $ 3 . 7 8 19 per kiln man's day's work.
w As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $4.20.
* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $3.52.




162

T H E POTTERY IN D U STRY

MOLD MAKING
Mold makers, net scale, plus 35 26 per cent.

Bakers, 3, 4, 5, 6 inch______________________ ___________ per dozen. _ $0. 40
Bakers, 7, 8, 9 inch________________________________________ do____
. 65
Bakers, 10, 11, 12 inch_____________________________________ do____
. 80
Basins, outside, all sizes____________________________________ do____
1. 50
Basins, inside, all sizes______________________________________do____
1. 75
Basins, mouth, all sizes_____________________________________ do____
1. 10
. 45
Basins, plug_______________________________________________ each__
Batters___________________________________________________ do____
. 08
Batting and wedging block__________________________________do____
. 25
Bed pans__________________________________________________ do____
•60
Bidet pans________________________________________________ do____
. 50
Bird baths, all sizes________________________________________ do____
. 20
. 70
Bone dishes___________________________________________ per dozen_
Bottom molds_____________________________________________ each..
. 08
Bowls, 42’s___________________________________________ per dozen..
. 40
Bowls, 36’s, 30’s, 24’s_______________________________________do____
. 45
Bowls, 18’s________________________________________________ do____
. 60
Bowls, 12's, 9’s____________________________________________ do____
1. 10
Bowls, 6’s, 4’s_____________________________________________ do____
1. 35
Bowls, punch, two parts____________ ________________________each__
. 25
Bread trays, round_________________________________________ do____
. 10
Bread trays, oval__________________________________________ do____
. 15
Brush trays___________________________ ___________________ do____
. 45
Brush vases, for pressing_________________________ __________ do____
. 30
Brush vases, with frame, for jigger__________________________ do____
. 35
Butters, fast drainer, open__________________________________ do___
. 35
. 40
Butters, covered, complete__________________________________do____
Butters, extra bottoms_____________________________________ do____
. 12
Butters, extra covers_______________________________________ do____
. 10
. 10
Blitters, extra drainers_____________________________________ do-----Butters, extra bows________________________________________ do____
.08
Butters, covered, seven parts complete_______________________do__ _
. 55
. 10
Butters, extra handles______________________________________ do-----Butters, individual____________________________________ per dozen...
. 25
Cake plates, fancy_________________________________________ each_ _
. 15
. 60
Cake stands, 7 to 14 inch___________________________________ do____
Cake stands, 16 to 20 inch_________________________________ do____
. 75
Celery trays_______________________________________________ do-----. 15
Chair pans, 5 to 7 inch_________________________________per dozen, _ 1. 00
Chair pans, 8-inch and up__________________________________ do____ 1. 50
Chambers, complete, for pressing____________________________ each-.
. 85
Chambers, complete, with frame, for jigger___________________ do____
. 85
Chambers, handles_________________________________________ do____
. 10
Chambers, bows___________________________________________ do____
. 08
Chambers, covers, one-piece mold______________________ per dozen. _
. 70
Chambers, 12’s, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold__________ do____ 1. 10
Chambers, 9 ’s and 6's, uncovered, one-piece mold_____________do____ 1. 25
Chambers, 4 ’s, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold___________ do____ 1. 40
. 20
Chamber covers, two-part mold_____________________________ each__
Covered dishes, all sizes, complete___________________________ do____
. 75
Covered dish covers, two-part mold_________________________ do____
. 20
Covered dish handles_______________________________________do____
. 10
Covered dish bows_________________________________________ do____
. 08
Covered dish bottoms______________________________________ do____
. 08
Casseroles, pressed, same as covered dishes.
Creams, individual and restaurant, single mold, for pressing___ do____
. 25
Creams, double lipped, single mold, for pressing______________ do____
. 20
Creams, 24’s, 30’s, and 36 ;s, single mold, for pressing_________ do____
. 35
Creams, toy, single mold, for pressing________________________do____
. 30
. 95
Chocolate pots_____________________________________________do-----Chums for mugs, cups and bowls____________________________ do____
. 10
Chums from 24’s up____________________________ ___________ do____
. 18
Combinets, complete_______________________________________ do------ 1. 60
26As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 57.




APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

163

Comports, pressed____________________________________ per dozen
$0. 45
Comports, three parts_________________________
.25
Cospadores, body only__________ ______________
1. 25
Cracker jars, handled____________ _________ __
.75
Cracker jars, unhandled________________________ ____________d o __
.65
Crucifixes_______________ ___________ __________
. 15
Cups, coffee______________ _____________
__ ____________do____
.40
Cups, feed, canary, mocking____________________ ____________d o ___
.30
Cups, toy _ _________________ _______________ ---------------- do____
.35
Cups, tea, all sizes____________________ ________ ____________do____
. 40
Dishes, 2J4 to 6 inch________________ __________ ____________do____
.40
Dishes, 7 and 8 inch___________________________ ___ _______ do_ __
. 65
Dishes, 9 to 12 inch___________________ _______ ____________do____
.75
Dishes, 13 to 18 inch_______ __ ______________ ____________do____ 1. 40
Dish makers flags, 24 by 24 inch________________ ____________ each..
. 30
.40
Dish makers flags, 30 by 30 inch_____ __________ ____ _____ d o ____
Ewers, complete, 6 ’s, 9's, and 12’s for jiggering or pressing____ do____
. 70
Ewers, mouth, complete, for jiggering or pressing. ____________ do___
. 50
Foot baths____________________________________ ____________do____ 2. 00
Footers, all kinds______________________________ ____________do____
. 10
Grill plates No. 1, T. S. & T ___________________
. 15
_ ______ do____
Grill plates No. 2, T. S. & T ___________________ __ _______ _do_ __
. 15
Grill plates No. 3, T. S. & T ___________________ __________ _do _ _
. 10
.65
Glove boxes_______________________ ___ _____ __ _ ______do_____
Glove boxes, handle___________________________ ____ ______ do__ _
. 10
. 10
Handles, chamber and jug_____ ___________ _____ _ ______ _do__ .08
Handles, cup and mug, pressed__ _________ __ _ _______ _ do _ _
. 30
Ice creams___________________ ______________ __ ________ per dozen._
.50
Jardinieres, ordinary, 4-inch____________________ ____ _ __ each__
. 50
Jardinieres, ordinary, 5-inch __________ __________ ________ __ do___
.65
Jardinieres, ordinary, 6-inch________ __ _______ __ __ __ __ do____
Jardinieres, ordinary, 7-inch_______
______ __ ________ ____do____
.65
Jardinieres, ordinary, 8-inch____________ _______ ___ ______do____
. 75
Jardinieres, ordinary, 9-inch_________ __________ ____
____ d o ___
.75
.95
Jardinieres, ordinary, 10-inch_______
______ __ ___ _______ do_____
.95
Jardinieres, ordinary, 11-inch__ ________________ ____________ do____
Jardinieres, ordinary, 12-inch___________________ __ _ _______ do____ 1. 10
Jardinieres, ordinary, 14-inch___________________ _ __ ______do____ 1. 50
. 50
Jars, flat top, body only______________________ ._______ per dozen. Jar covers, flat_______ ______________________ ____ ______ d o ____
.25
_ __
Jelly cans.____________________________
________ do __
. 50
.2 0
Jigger heads_____________________________ _____ __ _______ each..
.60
Jugs, 4's, for pressing_________________ ________ ____________ do____
.55
Jugs, 6 's, for pressing__________________________ ____________do____
.45
Jugs, 12Js, for pressing_______ _______________ ____________do____
.35
Jugs, 24’s to 48’s, for pressing__________________ _____ ______ do____
.20
Jug covers two-part mold_______________________. . . ______ do------. 10
Jug handles___________________________________ ____________do____
. 50
Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 12’s____________ ________ ____ _______ do____
.40
Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 24's_________________________________do____
.40
Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 30’s_________________________________do____
Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 36’s________ ____________ ____________ do____
.40
.65
Jugs, jiggered, 4's--------------------- ------------ ----------- ____________do____
.60
Jugs, jiggered, 6’s______________________________ ____________do____
. 50
Jugs, jiggered, 12’s_____________________________ ____________do____
.40
Jugs, jiggered, 24;s to 42's______________________ ____________do____
. 15
Ladles, soup and sauce_________________________ _______ ____do____
________ per dozen-_
.40
Ladles, cup________________________________
Lead rings__________________________________ _____________each-.
.3734
.35
Mugs, one-piece mold, jiggered_________________________ per dozen..
.30
Mugs, toilet, jiggered__________________________ ____________each__
.35
Mugs, pressed, complete________________________
.30
Mugs, shaving, complete_______________________ ____________do____
. 10
Mugs, shaving, partition only___________________ ____ _______ do____
.35
Mugs, jiggered with frame___________ __________ _______ ____do____
.30
Mustards____________________________________




164

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

Mustards, jiggered____________________________________ per dozen_ _ $0. 35
Mustard covers____________________________________________ do-----. 25
Nappies, 234 to 5 inch_____________________________________ do-----. 50
Nappies, 6 to 8 inch________________________________________do-----. 65
Nappies, 9 and 10 inch_____________________________________ do-----. 75
Nappies, oval and square, 234 to 5 inch______________________ do-----. 60
Nappies, oval and square, 6 to 8 inch________________________ do------ . 6734
Nappies, oval and square, 9 and 10 inch_____________________ do-----. 80
.45
Oatmeals_________________________________________________ do-----. 35
Patch boxes, body_________________________________________ do-----Patch boxes, covers________________________________________ do____
. 25
Pickles____________________________________________________ do____
. 70
. 75
Pin trays__________________________________________________do____
Plates, pie, 6 to 8 inch_____________________________________ do____
. 55
Plates, pie, 9 and 10 inch___________________________________ do____
. 65
Plates, 2J4 to 4 inch_______________________________________ do____
. 35
Plates, 5 and 6 inch________________________________________ do____
. 40
Plates, 7 and 8 inch________________________________________do____
. 45
Plates, bread, jiggered______________________________________each..
. 10
Puff boxes________________________________________________ do____
.42
Rings, notched____________________________________________ do____
. 18
Rings, single______________________________________________ do____
. 12
Ring stand, hand and tree__________________________________ do____
. 10
Ring stand bowls______________________________________per dozen. _
. 30
Sugars, complete, for jiggering or pressing____________________ each__
. 75
Sugar covers, two-part mold________________________________ do____
. 20
Sugar covers, one-piece mold for jigger__________________ per dozen, _
. 70
Sugar handles______________________________________________each__
. 10
Sugar bowls_______________________________________________do____
.08
Saucers, tea and coffee_________________________________ per dozen. _
. 30
Saucers, toy and A. D______________________________________do____
. 30
Saucers, fruit______________________________________________ do____
. 30
Salads____________________________________________________ each__
. 45
Sauce boats, complete______________________________________ do____
. 45
Sauce boats, stands____________________________________per dozen. .
. 70
Sick feeders_______________________________________________ each__
.25
Ship bottles_______________________________________________ do____
. 45
Slop jars, l ’s______________________________________________ do____ 1. 90
Slop jars, 2’s and 3’s_______________________________________ do____ 1. 65
Soaps, covered_____________________________________________do____
. 50
Soaps, fast drainer_________________________________________ do____
. 20
Soaps, slabs_______________________________________________ do____
. 08
. 10
Soaps, slabs with hoops_____________________________________do____
Soaps, hanging, three parts_________________________________ do____
. 25
. 35
Spit cups, fast tops or loose_________________________________ do____
Spittoons, four pieces_______________________________________do____
. 50
Stove founts__________________________________________ per dozen. _
. 45
Teapots, all sizes___________________________________________ each..
. 95
Teapots, handles___________________________________________ do____
. 10
Teapots, spout, single_______________________________________do____
. 10
Teapots, spout, double______________________________________do____
. 20
Teapot covers, two-part mold_______________________________do____
. 20
Verge molds_______ _______________________________________ do____
. 08
. 75
Tureens, sauce, all sizes, complete___________________________ do____
Tureens, sauce, stands______________________________________do____
. 10
Tureens, soup and oyster, all sizes, complete_________________ do____ 1. 00
Tureens, soup, stands______________________________________ do____
. 15
Urinals------------------------------------------------------------------------------ do____
. 50
Whirlers__________________________________________________ do____ . 3734
M olds
Jugs,
Jugs,
Jugs,
Jugs,

for

Casting

4’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________each..
6’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____
12,s, one in mold, handle attached_____________________ do____
24's, one in mold, handle attached_____________________ do____




. 50
. 45
. 35
. 30

APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

165

Jugs, 30's, one in mold, handle attached_______________________ each__ $0. 30
All smaller jugs and creams, single jug mold, handle attached___ do____
. 30
All above prices on jugs of all sizes apply only when molds are
made in the lock bottom form.
Multiple molds of two or three compartments for jugs 30’s and smaller
sizes and creams, with or without handles attached____________ each__
. 50
Multiple molds for other articles, molasses cans, etc., similar in style
and size to above described_________________________________ each__
. 50
Tankard individual creams, four in mold, for casting, West End Pottery
Co-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------each..
.65
Covered dishes, one in mold, handles attached__________________ do____
. 65
Casseroles, one in mold, handles attached______________________ do____
. 65
Sauce tureens, one in mold, handles attached___________________ do____
. 65
Sugars, one in mold, handles attached_________________________ do____
. 65
Teapots, one in mold, handles attached________________________ do____
. 85
Regular sauce boats, one in mold, handles attached_____________ do____
. 40
Ewers, one in mold, handles attached--------------------------------------- do____
. 65
Mouth ewers, one in mold, handles attached______________ _____do____
. 40
Urinals, one in mold, handles attached_________________________ do____
. 45
Regular sauce boat, two in mold, handles attached______________ do____
. 50
D. L. sauce boats, two in mold, no handles_____________________ do____
. 50
. 45
D. L. sauce boats, one in mold, handles attached_______________ do____
All one-piece molds with handle mold separate, same prices as
pressing molds.
Soap slab, two-part mold, for casting, West End Pottery Co_____ each__
. 15
Cup handle molds, one dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement__ do____
. 25
Cup handle molds, two dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement___ do____
. 35
. 30
Mug handle molds, one dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement___ do____
Mug handle molds, two dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement___ do____
.45
The work of each mold maker shall be counted separately, and each shall be
paid separately from the office. Buckets, coddles, and soap shall be furnished
without cost to the mold maker.
The ratio of apprentices to journeyman mold makers in the entire generalware trade shall not exceed one to four. No shop shall be entitled to more than
50 per cent of its full force of mold makers in apprentices. No shop shall be
entitled to an apprentice until it can provide reasonably steady work for at least
one journeyman and one apprentice. No shop shall be entitled to a second
apprentice until it employs at least four journeymen, nor to a third apprentice
until it employs at least seven journeymen. The term of apprenticeship shall
be five years; the apprentice shall be given the opportunity to thoroughly learn
blocking and casing during the last two years of his service as an apprentice; the
apprentice shall receive his wages directly from the office at the following scale
of discounts:
First year, 3 3 per cent discount from list.
Second year, 25 per cent discount from list.
Third year, 20 per cent discount from list.
Fourth year, 15 per cent discount from list.
Fifth year, 15 per cent discount from list.
No journeyman mold maker shall be discharged to make room for an apprentice
and no apprentice at present employed shall be discharged for the purpose of
establishing the foregoing ratio.
Blocking

and

Casing

To experienced workmen, a list of whom is to be made, $ 1 ,27 net, per hour.
All other moldmakers unlisted who may be given work at blocking and casing
Bhall receive journeyman price, less 10 per cent for the first year, after which
they shall receive the full rate.
n As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $1.15.




166

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY

PRESSING
H o t e l C h in a , P r e s s in g P r i c e s

Add 51 M per cent to the following prices:

Per dozen

Bottles, ship_____________________________ *--------------------------------------$1.
Bread plates, Brooklyn, square, festooned-------------------------------------------Bread plates, lap cor. small, square, No. 1------------------------------------------Bread plates, lap cor. large, square, No. 2-------------------------------------------Bread plates, Navy, square, festooned-----------------------------------------------Bread plates, Victoria, square, festooned--------------------------------------------Bread plates, Washington, plain, square-------------------------------------------- Bread trays________________________________________________________
Butters, cable, three pieces---------------------------------------------------------------Butters, home, three pieces__________________________________________
Butters, round, loose drainer, no cover-----------------------------------------------Butters, round, fast drainer, no cover. _----------------------------------------------Butters, square, loose drainer, no cover----------------------------------------------Butters, square, fast drainer, no cover-----------------------------------------------Casseroles, round, 6-inch____________________________________________
Casseroles, round, 7-inch------------------------------------------------------------------Casseroles, round, 8-inch___________________________ ________________
Casseroles, round, 9-inch____________________________________________
Casseroles, round, 10-inch___________________________________________
Casseroles, Washington_____________________________________________
Casserole covers, notching___________________________________________
Celery trays, plain oval, footed, up to 10-inch long, mold measurement. .
Celery trays, plain oval, footed, over 10 inches and up to 12 inches long,
mold measurement_______________________________________________
Celery trays, plain oval, footed, over 12 inches and up to 14 inches long,
mold measurement_______________________________________________
Celery trays, all sizes, oval, festooned, embossed, broken edge,
fluted, scalloped, ribbed, or fancy, 15 per cent more than plain oval
prices.
Celery trays, square, all styles, 15 cents per dozen above price of
plain oval of same measurements.
Celery trays, unfooted, 30 per cent less than price of same size and
style footed, price.
Chambers, 9\s, home, covered-----------------------------------------------------------Chambers, hotel, covered___________________________________________
Compartment dishes, oval, 10-inch, three compartments_______________
Compartment dishes, oval, 8-inch, two compartments__________________
Comports, high foot, 5-inch, two-piece foot___________________________
Comports, high foot, 6-inch, two-piece foot___________________________
Comports, high foot, 7-inch, two-piece foot___________________________
Comports, high foot, 8-inch, two-piece foot___________________________
Comports, high foot, 9-inch, two-piece foot___________________________
Comports, low foot, 5-inch, one-piece foot____________________________
Comports, low foot, 6-inch, one-piece foot____________________________
Comports, low foot, 7-inch, one-piece foot____________________________
Comports, low foot, 8-inch, one-piece foot____________________________
Comports, low foot, 9-inch, one-piece foot____________________________
Comports, beaver, 5-inch____________________________________________
Comports, beaver, 6-inch________________ ___________________________
Comports, Club St. Cloud, 5-inch____________________________________
Comports, Club St. Cloud, 6-inch____________________________________
Comports, shell____________________________________________________
Covered dishes, oval, 5-inch_________________________________________
Covered dishes, oval, 6-inch_________________________________________
Covered dishes, oval, 7-inch_________________________________________
Covered dishes, oval, 8-inch_________________________________________
Covered dishes, oval, 9-inch_________________________________________
Covered dishes, oval, 9-inch, unhandled________ ’___ _________________
Covered dishes, Brooklyn___________________________________________
Covered dishes, Navy______________________________________ ________
* As amended January, 1923; reads 75 cents.




00
. 75
.45
.65
. 75
. 75
. 70
. 80
.80
.60
. 65
. 65
. 70
.95
1. 05
1. 15
1. 30
1. 45
1. 70
. 15
. 35
. 50
. 60

1. 00
1. 00

.75
.55
.55
.60
.65
. 70
. 75
.45
.50
.55
.60
.65
.50
. 55
. 50
. 55
. 70
1. 05
1. 10
1. 20
1. 35
1. 50
1. 30
1. 70
1. 70

APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

167
Per dozen

Covered dishes, Navy rings_________________________________________ $0. 30
Covered dishes, U. S. Army, 9-inch, unhandled________________________ 1. 30
Covered dishes, Washington, square_________________________________
1. 75
Creams, home______________________________________________________
. 50
Creams, 24’s____ !__________________________________________________
. 55
Creams, 30’s_______________________________________________________
. 50
1. 00
Ewers, 9’s_________________________________________________________
Ewers, hotel_______________________________________________________
1. 00
Ewers, ship___________________________________ ____________________
1. 10
Fruits, Pompador, square, with round foot, 3, 4, and 5 inch___________
.30
Ice creams, shell___________________________________________________
. 30
Ice creams, shell, open handle_______________________________________
. 35
Ice creams, Wiggen-------------------------------------------------------------------------.30
Ice creams, Shaw___________________________________________________
.30
Ice tubs, 9-inch____________________________________________________
1. 00
Ice tubs, 10-incli___________________________________________________
1. 50
Ice tubs, 12-inch___________________________________________________
2. 50
Jugs, 4’s___________________________________________________________
1. 05
Jugs, 6’s----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 90
Jugs, 12’s__________________________________________________________
. 70
Jugs, 24’s----------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------. 60
Jugs, 30’s__________________________________________________________
. 55
Jugs, 36’s_____________________________ :-----------------------------------------. 50
Jugs, 42’s__________________________________________________________
. 45
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 4’s___________________________________________
1. 40
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 6’s___________________________________________ 1. 20
Jugs, ice, plain handle, 12’s_________________________________________
. 95
. 18
Nappies, 3-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________
Nappies, 4-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________
. 19
Nappies, 5-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________
. 21
Nappies, 6-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________
. 23
Nappies, 7-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________
. 25
. 27
Nappies, 8-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________
. 30
Nappies, 9-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________
Pickles, plain, oval, footed, up to 10 inches long, mold measurement____
. 35
Pickles, plain, oval, footed, over 10 inches and up to 12 inches long, mold
measurement____________________________________________________
. 50
Pickles, plain, oval, footed, over 12 inches and up to 14 inches long, mold
measurement __ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------. 60
Pickles, all sizes, oval, festooned, embossed, broken edge, fluted,
scalloped, ribbed or fancy, 15 per cent more than plain oval juices.
Pickles, square, all styles, 15 cents per dozen above price of plain
oval of same measurements.
Pickles, unfooted, 30 per cent less than price of same size and style
footed piece.
Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 5-inch_________________
. 40
Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 6-inch_________________
. 45
Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 7-inch_________________
. 50
Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 8-inch_________________
. 55
Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 9-inch_________________
. 60
.40
Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 5-inch___________
Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 6-incli___________
.45
Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 7-incli___________
.50
Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 8-inch__ ________
. 55
Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 9-inch___________
.60
Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 5-inch___________________
. 55
Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 6-inch__ ________________
. 60
Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 7-inch___________________
. 70
Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 8-inch___________________
.80
Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 9-inch___________________
1. 05
Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 10-inch__________________
1. 15
Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 11-inch__________________
1. 20
Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 6-inch__________________
. 70
Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 7-inch______ ___________
.80
Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 8-inch___ ______________
.90
Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 9-inch__________________
1. 0 5




168

THE POTTERY INDUSTRY
Per dozen

Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 10-inch-------------------------- $ 1. 20
Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 11-inch-------------------------1. 35
Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 6-inch-----------------------. 40
Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 7-inch-----------------------. 50
Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 8-inch-----------------------. 60
Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 9-inch-----------------------. 70
Sauce boats, cable, extra large (Government)--------------------------------------.90
Sauce boats, Government-----------------------------------------------------------------. 50
Sauce boats, Home, No. 1, foot stuck on--------------------------------------------.90
Sauce boats, Home, No. 2 , foot stuck on--------------------------------------------.80
Sauce boats, Home, No. 3, foot stuck on--------------------------------------------. 65
Sauce boats, individual_____________________________________________
.65
Sauce boats, mayonnaise------------------------------------------------------------------.65
Sauce boats, Navy, large--------------------------------------------------- --------------. 90
Sauce boats, Navy, medium--------------------------------------------------------------. 80
Sauce boats, Navy, small----------------------------------------------------- --------- . 65
Sauce boats, Philadelphia, small individual-----------------------------------------. 65
Sauce boats, Q. M. D., Government--------------------------------------------------. 90
Sauce boats, Rector, No. 1, foot stuck on-------------------------------------------.90
Sauce boats, Rector, No. 2, foot stuck on---------------------------------„ ------. 80
Sauce boats, Rector, No. 3, foot stuck on-------------------------------------------. 65
Sauce boats, U. S. Army, large---------------------------------------------------------. 90
Sauce-boat stands---------------------------------------------------------------------------.40
Scale plates, 6-inch--------------------------------------------------------------------------. 35
Scale plates, 7-inch_________________________________________________
. 40
Scale plates, 8-inch_________________________________________________
. 45
Scale plates, 10-inch________________________________________________
. 50
Scale plates, 12-inch________________________________________________
.60
Scale plates, 13-inch-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------. 70
Scale plates, 14-inch________________________________________________
. 80
Scale plates, 15-inch------------------------------------------------------------------------. 90
Ship bottles________________________________________________________ 1. 00
Ship ewers_________________________________________________________
1. 10
Shirred-egg dishes, Nos. 1 and 2, foot notched------------------------------------.40
Shirred-egg dishes, Nos. 1 and 2, foot plain----------------------------------------. 35
Spittoons, French, low______________________________________________
. 85
Spittoons, high parlor_______________________________________________
. 85
Spittoons, low parlor, regular------------------------------------------------------------. 70
Sugars, Boston, 36*s________________________________________________
. 70
. 75
Sugars, Boston, 30’s_____________________________ __________________
. 75
Sugars, box, 36’s___________________________________________________
Sugars, box, 30’s___________________________________________________
. 85
Sugars, box, 24’s___________________________________________________
. 95
Sugars, home, 30’s__________________________________________________
. 75
.85
Sugars, Linden, 36’s________________________________________________
Sugars, Linden, 30’s________________________________________________
. 95
Sugars, Q. M. D., 36’s---------------------------------------------------------------------. 85
Sugars, Q. M. D., 30’s---------------------------------------------------------------------. 95
Sugars, Rochelle, 36’s_______________________________________________
. 75
Sugars, Rochelle, 30’s_______________________________________________
. 85
.35
Trays, plain oval, footed, up to 10 inches long, mold measurement________
Trays, plain oval, footed, over 10 inches and up to 12 inches long, mold
measurement____________________________________________________
. 50
Trays, plain oval, footed, over 12 inches and up to 14 inches long, mold
measurement____________________________________________________
. 60
Trays, all sizes, oval, embossed, festooned, broken edge, fluted, scal­
loped, ribbed or fancy, 15 per cent more than plain oval prices.
Trays, square, all styles, 15 cents per dozen above price of plain oval
of same measurements.
Trays, unfooted, 30 per cent less than price of same size and style
footed piece.
Tureen, sauce, home, oval, 6-inch____________________________________
1. 10
Tureen, soup, home, round, 5-inch___________________________________
1. 00
Tureen, soup, home, round, 6-inch___________________________________
1. 10
Tureen, soup, home round, 7-inch____________________________________ 1. 20
Tureen, soup, home, round, 8-inch___________________________________
1. 60




169

APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

Per dozen

Tureen, soup, home, round, 9-inch___________________________________ $2. 00
Tureen, soup, home, round, 10-inch__________________________________
2. 25
Tureen, soup, home, round, 11-inch__________________________________
2. 50
2. 75
Tureen, soup, home, round, 12-inch__________________________________
Tureen, soup, oval, 5-inch________________________________ __________
1. 00
Tureen, soup, 'oval, 10-inch__________________________________________ 3. 25
2. 00
Tureen, oyster_____________________________________________________
Rings for. tureens___________________________________________________
. 30
Water bottles._____________________________________________________
1.00
PACKING
W age

S c a le

fo r

P a c k in g H o t e l

C h in a

Add 3 8 67 per cent to crates, boxes, and other packages paying less than 10 cents each, and to all
other packages add 6 1 31 per cent:

Size of cask

Head stave

No. 00 or No. 1 Demerara cask________________________
No. 0 or No. 2 Demerara cask_________________________
No. 1 or No. 3 Demerara cask_________________________
No. 2 or sugar-molasses cask______ ____________________
No. 3 or soda ca s k __ _________________________________
No. 4 or clay tierce cask_______________________________
No. 5 or full tierce cask_____________________ __________
No. 6 or %-tierce cask._ _____________________ _______
No. 7 or barrel-and-half tierce cask_____________________
22-inch barrel______________________________________
20-inch barrel________________________________________
19-inch barrel_________________________________________
18-inch barrel______________________________________
17-inch barrel_________________________________________
16-inch barrel________________________________________
14-inch barrel. __ _ _________________________________
All barrels packed with sawdust or chaff________________
Kegs__________________________________ _____________
Boxes___________________________ ____________________
Day wage packing, per hour, net_______________________

42 x
40 x
38 x
36 x
32 x
30 x
27 x
22 x
24 x
22 x
20 x
19 x
18 x
17 x
16 x
14 x

42
42
42
40
40
36
36
36
30
30
30
30
30
30
24
24

Each

$0. 55
. 50
. 45
. 45
. 40
. 35
. 30
. 25
. 20
. 20
.173^
•17J*
. 15
. 15
. 15
.12
. 20
• 12H
. 10

69. 76

*i As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement, reads 87.
67 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement, reads 60.
amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement, reads .87.

m As

TURNING
H o t e l C h in a T u r n in g P r ic e s
Add 41 1 per cent to the following prices:

Per dozen

Bean pots_____________________________ ___________________________$0.
Berry cups, hotel, K. & T_________________________________________
Bouillon, Bellevue-Stratford Liner-________________________________
Bouillon cup covers_______________________________________________
Bowls, B. & M. 36’s_____________________________________________
Bowls, cereal, 24’s________________________________________________
Bowls, cereal, 30’s________________________________________________
Bowls, cereal, 36’s___________________________________________ _____
Bowls, cereal, 42’s________________________________________________
Bowls, cracker, plain edge_________________________________________
Bowls, Government, 24’s, plain edge_______________________________
Bowls, Greenwood, 4-inch, special footed___________________________
Bowls, home, plain edge, 30’s______________________________________
> As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63.




07
.06
. 10
. 11
. 08^
. 103^
. 09 H
. 08
. 073^
. 103^
. 11
. 07
. 093^

170

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

Per dozen

Bowls, K. & T. high footed, 24’s________________ __________________ $0.
Bowls, K. & T. high footed, 36’s_____________________ _____________
Bowls, oatmeal, 24’s______________________________________________
Bowls, oatmeal, 30’s______________________________________________
Bowls, oatmeal, 36’s______________________________________________
Bowls, oatmeal, 42’s___________________________________________. 0 7^
Bowls, oyster, high footed, 24’s, thick and half thick________________ Bowls, oyster, high footed, 30’s, thick and half thick________________
Bowls, oyster, high footed, 36’s, thick and half thick________________
Bowls, oyster, high footed, 42’s, thick and half thick_______ _________
Bowls, oyster, high footed, 48’s, thick and half thick________________
Bowls, oyster, low foot, 24's, thick and half thick___________________
Bowls, oyster, low foot, 30’s, thick and half thick___________________
Bowls, oyster, low foot, 36’s, thick and half thick____________________
Bowls, oyster, low foot, 42’s, thick and half thick______________ _____
Bowls, oyster, low foot, 48’s, thick and half thick___________________
Bowls, Q. M. D., 24’s_____________________________________________
Bowls, St. Denis, 24’s, thick and half thick_________________________
Bowls, St. Denis, 30’s, thick and half thick_________________________
Bowls, St. Denis, 36’s, thick and half thick___________________ ______
Bowls, tulip, 30’s, thick and half thick_____________________________
Bowls, tulip, 36’s, thick and half thick_____________________________
Bowls, tulip, 42’s, thick and half thick_____________________________
Bowls, Waldorf, 30's______________________________________________
Roll-edge bowls, 1 cent extra per dozen over plain edge.
Brush vases, Vienna (G. P. style)__________________________________
Brush vase, straight, footed, roll edge (M. P.)______________________
Butter custards______ ____________________________________________
Butter, fast drainer, two pieces, turning, sticking and punching______
Cake covers, with knob, turning only______________________________
Cake covers, with knob and boring 9 holes_________________________
Cake covers, no knob, turning only________________________________
Cake covers, Greenwood, depressed knob, turning only______________
Cake covers, boring 9 holes, extra over turning_____________________
Candlestick, column style_________________________________________
Candle socket, to stick on saucer__________________________________
Catsup cups_____________________________________________________
Comports, 5-inch_________________________________________________
Comports, 6-inch_________________________________________________
Comports, 7-inch_________________________________________________
Comports, 8-inch_________________________________________________
Comports, 8J4-inch_______________________________________________
Comports, 9-inch____________________________ ____________________
Comports, sticking-up____________________________________________
Comports, Pacific________________________________________________
Covers, bouillon cup______________________________________________
Creams, Culot___________________________________________________
Creams, F. & E. No. 1_______________________________________ ____
Creams, R. C. special_____________________________________________
Creams, San Francisco____________________________________________
Creams, tankard, No. 0___________________________________________
Creams, tankard, No. 1___________________________________________
Creams, tankard, No. 2___________________________________________
Creams, Vienna, No. 0___________________________________________
Creams, Vienna, No. 1____________________________________________
Creams, Vienna, No. 2____________________________________________
Creams, Vienna, No. 3____________________________________________
Cups, A. D., plain, ordinary shapes, thick and half thick_____________
Cups, tea, plain, ordinary shapes, half thick________________________
Cups, tei, plain, ordinary shapes, thick____________________________
The regular Ovide teacup to be the limit in size of Ovide style
teacups.
The Saxon teacup to be the limit in size of tall Saxon style teacups,
and the Ruby teacup to be the limit in size of low Saxon teacups.
Cups larger than the regular Ovide, Saxon, or Ruby teacups to be
classed as extra tea or coffee cups.




1034
•0834
. 1034
. 0934
. 0834
. 10V£
. 0 9^
. 0834
. o 7 lA
. 073*?
. 1034
.09)^
. 0834
. 0734
. 0734
. 11
. 07
. 0634
. 06
. 0834
. 0734
. 07
. 09J^
. 18
.’ 18
. 09
. 30
. 15
. 20
. 13
. 17
.05
. 30
. 10
. 04J4
.25
.25
. 30
. 30
. 35
. 40
. 18
. 20
. 11
. 06
. 09
. 0634
. 10
. 09
. 09
. 09
. 09
. 09
. 09
. 10
. 0434
. 0434
. 04J4

APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT

171
Per dozen

Cups, extra tea and coffee, plain, ordinary shapes, half thick__________$0. 043^
Cups, extra tea and coffee, plain, ordinary shapes, thick_____________
. 05
The half thick regular Conklin coffee cup to be the limit in size of the
Ovide style extra tea or coffee cups.
The half thick Saxon coffee to be the limit in size of the Saxon style
extra tea or coffee cups.
Half thick, plain, ordinary shape coffee cups larger than the half thick
regular CJonklin coffee or half thick regular Saxon coffee____________
.05
Thick, plain, ordinary shape coffee cups larger than the half thick
regular Conklin coffee or half thick regular Saxon coffee____________
. 0 5 }4
Thin, extra large and special shape cups, to be classed as specialties,
and price for turning same to be fixed on merit of work and care
involved.
Roll-edge cups, 1 cent extra per dozen over plain-edge prices.
Cups turned to a shape or outline different than that formed by
mold in which they are made, shall pay one-half cent extra per dozen
over the regular price for turning such size cup.
Special China Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups

Ackers, coffee, plain edge (M. P.)____________________________ __ . 08
Ackers, tea, plain edge (M. P.)______________________________ __ . 07
Astor House coffee_________________________________________ __ . 05
Army coffee_______________________________________________ __ . 06
Atlantic coffee (M. C.)__________________________________ —
.08
Atlantic tea (M. C.)________________________________________ __ .07
Austrian, medium coffee (G. P.)_____________________________ __ . 05
Bellfield coffee (B. C.)______________________________________ __ .05
Bellevue coffee_____________________________________________ __ . 05
Bennett coffee, thick__________________________________________ . 05
Berry, hotel_______________________________________________ __ . 06
Boston coffee house, old (extra large Saxon) (G. P.)___________ __ .07
Boston coffee house, new (extra large Saxon) (G. P.)__________ __ .07
Boston or Hub coffee (Ovide style)____________ _________________ . 05
Boston or Hub extra tea (Ovide style)_______________________ __ .05
Boston or Hub tea (Ovide style)_____________________________ __ . 04^4
Boston, special coffee_______________________________________ __ . 05
Bridgewood coffee__________________________________________ __ . 05
Brunswick coffee___________________________________________ __ . 04}^
B. & T _______________________ _______________________________ .043^
cable coffee (same as Army)___________________________________ .06
cable tea, thin_____________________________________________ __ . 0 4 %
cable tea, ordinary half thick________________ 1______________ __ . 04J4
Cambridge coffee___________________________________________ __ .06
Cambridge extra tea________________________________________ __ .06
Cambridge tea_____________________________________________ __ . 05
catsup____________________________________________________ __ . 043^
Chicago coffee, half thick_______________________________ ______ . 05
Chicago coffee, thick__________________________________________ . 05H
Chinese tea________________________________________________ __ . 0 5 ) 4
coffee house, off block (G. P.)_______________________________ __ .08
coffee, extra thick__________________________________________ __ . 053^
conic coffee, half thick__________ ______________________________ . 043^
conic tea, half thick-------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 0434
Conklin coffee, standard size, half thick___ __________________ __ . 04J^
Conklin coffee, standard size, thick__________________________ __ . 05
Conklin, Chicago coffee_____________________________________ __ . 05
Conklin, Loubat coffee______________________________________ __ . 05
Conklin, St. Louis special coffee_____________________________ __ . 06
Crown Derby coffee________________________________________ __ . 05
Culot coffee, large (G. P.)___________________________________ __ .08
Culot coffee, regular, thick (G. P.)_________ _________________ __ .06
Culot coffee, regular, half thick (G. P.)_______________________ __ .06
Culot A. D., half thick______________________________________ __ . 05
Dolfinger__________________________________________________ __ .05
Doric tea (B. C.)_____________________ _____________________ __ .05




172

the

pottery

in d u s t r y

Per dozen

Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
C u ps

Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups
Cups

Duane, medium coffee (G. P.)_______________________________ $0. 05
Dutch, medium coffee (G. P.)-----------------------------------------------. 05
extra tea, thick-------------------------------------------------------------------.05
F. & M. coffee_____________________________________________
. 08
F. & M. tea_______________________________________________
. 07
Genesee coffee, thin_________________________________________
. 05
Genesee tea, thin___________________________________________
. 04%
Genesee A. D., thin_________________________________________
. 04%
•05
Grecian tea________________________________________________
Hart coffee (large Saxon style) (G. P.)-----------------------------------. 06
Harvard coffee_____________________________________________
. 05
Heinz A. D., special footed (S. C.)___________________________
.06
home tea (Soldiers’ Home)__________________________________
. 05
hotel extra tea_____________________________________________
.05
Hub coffee (extra large Saxon) (G. P.)_______________________
.07
Hub or Boston coffee (Ovide style)------------------ --------------------. 05
Hub or Boston extra tea (Ovide style)_______________________
.05
Hub or Boston tea (Ovide style)_____________________________
. 04%
James coffee_______________________________________________
. 05
Kansas coffee (S. C.)_______________________________________
Kansas tea (S. C.)__________________________________________
K. & T. berry, hotel________________________________________
. 06
K. & T. coffee_____________________________________________
. 05
K. & W. coffee (S. C.)______________________________________
.05
Marine coffee______________________________________________
. 06
M. C. coffee___ ___________________________________________
. 06
Marshall Fields extra tea____________________________________
.05
Marshall Fields tea_________________________________________
. 04%
medicine___________________________________________________
.07
Miller coffee (G. P.)________________________________________
.05
Navy coffee, thin___________________________________________
.05
Navy tea, thin_____________________________________________
. 04%
. 04%
Navy A. D., thin___________________________________________
Newton coffee______________________________________________
. 05
Palmer House coffee________________________________________
. 06
Paris coffee (S. C.)____________________________ _____________
.05
Pick coffee, half thick________________________________________
.05
. OSJ^J
Pick coffee, thick___________________________________________
. 05
Pursell, medium coffee (M. P.)______________________________
Pluton coffee, half thick (B. C.)______________________________
.05
Pluton coffee, thick (B. C.)__________________________________
. 05
Q. M. D. coffee, half thick_________________I________________
. 06
Q. M. C. coffee_____________________________________________
. 06J4
R. C. special coffee, half thick (S. C. & M. C.)___________________
. 05
R. C. special coffee, thick___________________________________
. 05J4
Rialto special coffee, thin (G. P.)________________________ ____
.05
St. Louis coffee (M. P. & M. C.)_____________________________
.05
Samos coffee, half thick (B. C.)______________________________
.05
Samos coffee, thick (B. C.)__________________________________
. 05J4
Savoran extra tea (M. P.)___________________________________
.05
Savoran tea (M. P.)________________________________________
. 04%
.06
Saxon coffee, extra large_____________________________________
Saxon coffee, large (Trenton coffee, M. P. size)________________
. 05J4
Saxon coffee, standard size, half thick________________________
. 04J^
Saxon coffee, standard size, thick____________________________
. 05
Saxon coffee, thin__________________________________________
Saxon California coffee______________________________________
. 05
. 05
Saxon New York coffee_____________________________________
Saxon tea, half thick_________________ _______________________ . 04%
Saxon tea, thick____________________________________________
. 04
Saxon tea, thin_____________________________________________
Ship coffee_______________ _________________________________
. 08
Ship tea___________________________________________________
. 06%
Soldiers’ Home tea__________________________________________
.05
Staple tea, thin_____________________________________________
.05
Thorndyke tea (S. C.)_________ _____________ _________ - .........
.05




APPEN D IX— WAGE AG REEM ENT

173

Per dozen
Clips, Trenton coffee, thick, (large Saxon size) (M. P.)__________ ____$0. 053^
Cups, Trenton coffee, half thick, (Ovide style) (G. P.)___________ ____
. 05
Cups, Trenton coffee, thick, (Ovide style) (G. P.)___________________ . 0 5 %
Cups, tulip coffee, large___________________________________________
.06
Cups, tulip coffee, regular, thick----------------------------------------------------- . 0 5 %
Cups, tulip coffee, regular, half thick____________________ __________
. 05
Cups, tulip coffee, thin____________________________________________ . 0 5 %
. 05
Cups, tulip coffee, California______________________________________
Cups, tulip coffee, Majestic_______________________________________
. 05%
Cups, tulip coffee, Sham__________________________________________
. 05
.05
Cups, tulip coffee, Shaw__________________________________________
Cups, tulip coffee, low, half thick__________________________________
. 05
Cups, tulip extra tea, regular, half thick____________________________
.05
Cups, tulip extra tea, low, half thick.:__________ ___________________
. 05
Cups, tulip tea, regular, half thick_____________ '___________________ . 0 4 %
Cups, tulip tea, low, half thick____________________________________ . 0 4 %
Cups, tulip tea, regular, thin______________________________________
. 05
Cups, tulip tea, low, thin_________________________________________
.05
Cups, Victoria coffee, thin (M. C.)_________________________________
. 05
Cups, Victoria tea, thin (M. C .)___________________________________
.05
Cups, Victoria A. D., thin (M. C.)____________________ ____________ . 0 4 %
Cups, Whitman coffee____________________________________________
. 05
Cups, Yale coffee, half thick (Ovide style) (G. P.)___________________
.05
Cups, Yale coffee, thick (Ovide style) (G. P.)_______________________ . 05%
Custards, B. & O., plain edge______________________________________
. 09
Custards, Burley special, plain edge________________________________
. 09
Custards, cups, plain_____________________________________________
. 09
Custards, butter, plain----------------- ---------------------------------------------- . 09
Custards, face No. 1, plain edge___________________________________
. 09
Custards, No. 2, plain edge_______________________________________
. 09
Custards, face No. 2, plain edge___________________________________
. 09
Custards, face No. 3, plain edge___________________________________
.09
. 09
Custards, hotel No. 1, plain edge__________________________________
Custards, hotel, No. 2, plain edge__________________________________
. 09
Custards, hotel, No. 3, plain edge__________________________________
. 09
Custards, Navy, plain edge______ _________________________________
. 10
Custards, Pacific, foot stuck on and turned (M. P.)_________________
. 14
Custards, regular footed, half thick, plain edge______________________
.09
Custards, small, footed, half thick, plain edge_______________________
.09
Custards, small, plain edge________________________________________
.09
Roll-edge custards, 1 cent extra per dozen over plain edge.
. 12
Egg cups, double, turned out of block.__ 1_________________________
Egg cups, two-piece, sticking and turning__________________________
. 15
Egg cups, single, stem foot________________________________________
. 10
Egg cups, shirred, bodies__________________________________________
. 04
Egg cups, shirred, covers_______________________ :__________________
. 10
Egg cups, on stand_______________________________________________
. 25
Egg cups, Navy, small, foot pressed and stuck on (S. C,)____________
. 14
.09
Egg or custard cup, plain, half thick_____ __________________________
Egg or custard cup, half thick, roll edge____________________________
. 10
Egg or custard, plain, thick_______________________________________
. 10
Egg or custard cup, plain, half thick (Belmont)_____________________
.09
Egg or custard cup, plain, half thick (Childs)_______________________
.09
Egg or custard cup, plain, Navy___________________________________
. 10
Egg or custard cup, plain, Victoria_________________________________
. 10
Egg or custard cup, roll edge, Wheat_______________________________
. 10
Horseradish______________________________________________________
. 18
K. & T. berry cups, hotel_________________________________________
. 06
Match safes, conic, No. 1_________________________________________
. 12
Match safes, conic, No. 2 ----- ---------- ------- --------------------------------------. 11
Match safes, conic, No. 3_________________________________________
. 10
Match safes, conic, on round stand________________________________
. 14
Match safes, conic, K. & T. style__________________________________
. 14
Medicine cups__________ _________________________________________
.07
86315°—26----- 12




174

T H E POTTEKY IN D U STRY
Per dozen

Medicine mugs___________________________________________________$0. 08
.20
Molasses cans, regular____________________________________________
Molasses cans, extra large_________________________________________
.35
Mugs, antique___________________________________________________
. 15
Mugs, automat__________________________________________________
. 07
Mugs, beaker, soda, flared shape, 4 inches tall____ ._________________
. 09
Mugs, barbers, 24's______________________________________________
. 11
Mugs, beef tea, barrel shape_______________________________________
. 10
Mugs, beer, plain, flat bottom_____________________________________
. 09
Mugs, beer, with bottom turned out_______________________________
. 12
Mugs, buffet, 36’s________________________________________________
.07
Mugs, buffet, 30’s________________________________________________
. 08
Mugs, buttermilk, conic shape, 3 % inches tall______________________ . 06J^
Mugs, buttermilk, conic shape, over 3 % inches up to 43^ tall________
. 09
.11
Mugs, cable, 24’s ____________ •____________________________________
Mugs, cable, 30’s -------------------------------------------------------------------------. 10
Mugs, cable, 36’s ________________________________________________
.09
Mugs, cable, 42’s ________________________________________________
.09
Mugs, cafe, straight edge_________________________________________
.09
Mugs, cafe, flanged_______________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, Cambridge, 30’s___________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, chocolate (G. P. No. 117)__________________________________
. 12
Mugs, dairy, 18’s______________ __________________________________
. 12
Mugs, dairy, 24’s-----------------------------------------------------------------------. 11
Mugs, dairy, 30’s________________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, Erie, 30’s_________________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, French, 24’s_________________________________________ ______
. 11
Mugs, French, 30’s______________________ ________________________
. 10
Mugs, French, 36’s______________________ I _______________________
. 09
Mugs, Graham, 24’s, or Philadelphia_______________________________
. 11
Mugs, Graham, 30's, or Philadelphia___________________________ _
.10
Mugs, Hedges, soda, flared shape, 3 % inches tall____________________
. 08
Mugs, Hewes, 24’s_______________________________________________
. 11
Mugs, Hewes, 30’s_______________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, Huyler soda, conic shape, 3 % inches tall-------------------------------- . 06)^2
Mugs, K. & T. or buffet, 36’s_____________________________________
. 07
Mugs. K. & T. or buffet, 30’s_____________________________________
.08
Mugs, Liggetts soda, flared shape, 4 inches tall_____________________
.09
Mugs, medicine__________________________________________________
.08
Mugs, milk, conic shape, 4J^ inches tall____________________________
. 09
Mugs, New York, 24’s____________________________________________
. 11
Mugs, New York, 30’s____________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, Pick soda, conic shape, 3 % inches tall_______________________ . 06^H»
Mugs, Philadelphia or Graham, 30’s_______________________________
. 10
Mugs, Searles, 30Js_______________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, soda, conic shape, up to 3 % inches tall______________________
. 06j/£
Mugs, soda, conic shape, over 3 % inches tall up to 4J^______________
. 09
Mugs, soda, flared shape, up to 3 z/ i inches tall_____________________
. 08
Mugs, soda, flared shape, over 3z/ i up to 4 inches tall________________
. 09
Mugs, soda, beaker, flared shape, 4 inches tall______________________
. 09
Mugs, soda, Hedges, flared shape, 3 % inches tall____________________
. 08
Mugs, soda, Huyler, conic shape, 3 % inches tall____________________
. 06
Mugs, soda, Liggetts, flared shape, 4 inches tall_____________________
.09
Mugs, soda, Pick conic shape, 3 % inches tall_______________________ . 06^£
Mugs, Temple___________________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, T. & J----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------.08
Mugs, Vienna, 24’s_____________________________________________
. 11
Mugs, Vienna, 30’s_____________________________________________
. 10
Mugs, Vienna, 36’s_____________________________________________
.09
Mugs, Vienna, 42’s_____________________________________________
. 09
Mugs, Washington, 30’s________________________________________
. 09
Mustards, Anderson or Belmont, bodies__________________________
. 18
Mustards, barrel, 42’s, bodies___________________________________
. 10
Mustards, barrel, 42’s, covers__________________________________ _
.06
Mustards, Belmont or Aiiderson, bodies__________________________
. 18
Mustards, dairy, bodies_________________________________________
.07
Mustards, covers_______________________________________________
. 07




APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT

175
Per dozen

$0. 11
Mustards, Government or Vienna, 36’s, bodies____________________
Mustards, Government or Vienna, 36’s, covers____________________
.07
Mustards, ordinary, 36’s, bodies_________________________________
, 11
Mustards, ordinary, 36’s, covers____________ ____________________
.07
Mustards, ordinary, 42’s, bodies_________________________________
. 10
Mustards, ordinary, 42’s, covers_________________________________
.06
Mustards, ordinary, individual, bodies___________________________
. 10
Mustards, individual, covers*____________________________________
.00
. 11
Mustards, Q. M. D. or Vienna, 36’s, bodies_______________________
Mustards, Q. M. D. or Vienna, 36’s, covers_______________________
. 07
. 11
Mustards, Vienna, 36’s, bodies__________________________________
Mugs, Vienna, 36’s, covers______________________________________
. 07
Mugs, Vienna, 42’s, bodies______________________________________
. 10
Mugs, Vienna, 42’s covers______________________________________
.06
. 07
Nappies, plain, 4-inch____________________ ______________________
Nappies, plain, 434-inch________________________________________
. 07
Nappies, plain, 5-inch_______ ___________________________________
. 07
Nappies, Boston, 434-inch_______________________________________
. 07
Nappies, roll edge, 5-inch_______________________________________
. 10J4
Noak butter drainers___________________________________________
. 06
Salads, high foot, 5-inch________________________________________
. 11
Salads, high foot, 6-inch________________________________________
. 13
Salads, high foot, 7-inch________________________________________
. 15
Salads, high foot, 8-inch________________________________________
.20
Salads, high foot, 9-inch________________________________________
.25
.35
Spittoons, high------------------------------------------------------------------------Spittoons, low_________________________________________________
. 30
Steins, beer, plain, flat bottom___________________________________
.09
Steins, beer, bottom turned out____ _____________________________
. 12
. 12
Sugars, round, plain, 24’s, bodies________________________________
Sugars, round, plain, 24’s, covers________________________________
. 07
. 11
Sugars, round, plain, 30’s, bodies________________________________
Sugars, round, plain, 30’s, covers_______________________________ _
. 07
Sugars, round, plain, 36’s, bodies------------------------------------------------. 1034
Sugars, round, plain, 36’s, covers________________________________
. 0634
. 10
Sugars, round, plain, 42’s, bodies________________________________
Sugars, round, plain, 42’s, covers_____ ___________ 7---------------------. 06
Sugars, round, plain, restaurant or individidual, bodies____________
. 10
Sugars, round, plain, restaurant or individual, covers--------------------. 06
Sugars, round, plain, F. & E. uncovered individual, bodies_________
. 07
Sugars, round, roll edge, 1 cent extra per dozen over round plain
edge.
Sugars, Vienna, 24’s, bodies_____________________________________
. 12
Sugars, Vienna, 24’s, covers_____________________________________
.07
Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, bodies_____________________________________
. 11
Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, covers_____________________________________
. 07
Sugars, Vienna, 36’s, bodies_____________________________________
. 1034
Sugars, Vienna, 36’s, covers_____________________________________
. 0634
Sugars, Vienna, 42’s, bodies--------------------------------------------------------. 10
Sugars, Vienna, 42’s, covers_____________________________________
. 06
Toothpick holders, round_______________________________________
•10
Vases, brush, Vienna (Greenwood style)_________________________
.18
.18
Vases, brush, straight, footed, roll edge (M. P .)---------------------------The turning prices of all similar shape and size articles shall be in accordance
with this list.
All work shall be proportionately divided among journeyman turners so long
as there is any ware to be turned.
The capital letters inclosed in parentheses are for reference purposes and desig­
nate the shop at which the particular article is made and known by the name
given.
(B. C.)— Buffalo china.
(G. P.)— Greenwood pottery.
(M. C.)— Mayer china.
(M. P.)— Maddock pottery.
(S. C.)— Shenango china.
(W. C.)— Warwick china.