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U . S . D EPAR TM EN T OF LABOR JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES) BUREAU OF LABOR STA TIST IC S) • • • • WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR No. 412 SERIES WAGES, HOURS, AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE POTTERY INDUSTRY, 1925 /v \ JULY, 1926 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1926 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Commissioner desires to acknowledge as especially contributing to the preparation of this report the services of the following mem bers of the bureau staff: Mr. J. C. Bowen, who had general supervision of the work, and Messrs. Robert S. Billups, Paul H . Moncure, Edward K . Frazier, and Herman B. Byer. n CONTENTS Page 1-22 Introduction and summary_______________________________________________ Average days, hours, and earnings___________________________________ 3 -7 Earnings, days, and hours ____________________________________________ 7-15 Days and earnings___________________________________________________ 16-19 Hours and earnings__________________________________________________ 19-22 Comparison of hourly earnings, 1912-13 and 1925________________________ 23-26 Piece-rate changes since 1911_____________________________________________ 26-32 Semivitreous ware____________________________________________________ 26-31 Vitreous ware_________________________________________________________ 31, 32 General tables_____________________________________________________________ 32-78 T able A.— Average earnings and average number of hours and of days worked by employees in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— semivitreous ware_______________________ 34-41 T able B.— Average and classified earnings per hour, 1925, by occu pation, sex, and geographical group— semivitreous ware__________ 42-47 T able C.— Average and specified number of days on which em ployees worked in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geo graphical group— semivitreous ware_______________________________ 48-53 T able D.— Actual and classified hours actually worked in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— semivitreous ware________________________________________________________________ 54-59 T able E.— Average and classified earnings in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group-^-semivitreous ware______ 60-65 T able F.— Specified days worked and classified earnings in two weeks, in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical group— semivitreous ware__________________________________________________66-71 T able G.— Classified hours worked and classified earnings in two weeks in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical group— semivitreous ware_________________________________________________ 72-78 Index numbers of production and employment, 1923 to 1925_____________79, 80 Losses and productivity at kilns__________________________________________ 80-86 Semivitreous ware____________________________________________________ 80-84 Vitreous ware_____________ ___________________________________________ 84-86 Productivity in clay shop_________________________________________________ 86-94 Semivitreous ware____________________________________________________86-92 Vitreous ware________________________________________ ________________ 92-94 Pottery operations and occupations_______________________________________ 94-106 Slip house____________________________________________________________ 94-96 Clay shop_____________________ ________________ ______________________ 96-99 Sagger shop________________________________________________________ 100-101 Bisque-kiln placing____________________________________________ _ 101, 102 Bisque-kiln drawing________________________________ ._________________ 102 Bisque warehouse__________________________________________________ 102, 103 Glaze making________________________________________________________ 103 Dipping room________________________ - ______________________________ 103 Glost-kiln placing__________________________________________________ 103, 104 Glost drawing________________________________________________________ 104 Glost warehouse______________________________________________________ 104 Decorating room__________________________________________________ 104-106 Packing room________________________________________________________ 106 Methods of wage payment______ ______________________________________ 106-111 APPENDIX 1920 wage agreement and present amendments________________________ 112-175 White granite and semiporcelain wage scale and size list_________113-147 Wage scale for hotel china_________________________________________ 148-175 in BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS NO. 412 WASHINGTON JULY, 1926 WAGES, HOURS, AND PRODUCTIVITY IN THE POTTERY INDUSTRY, 1925 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY This study of the pottery industry in the United States was made during the summer and early fall of 1925. It is limited to potteries which are engaged in the production of semivitreous or vitreous general ware, which means tableware almost entirely. The distinc tion between semivitreous ware and vitreous ware1depends in part on the material used and in part on the temperature in firing. Bisque semivitreous ware is porous to the extent that it will absorb about 5 per cent of water. Bisque vitreous ware will absorb about 0.5 per cent of water, and when broken has more of a glassy edge. A pot ter *s common test is to touch the broken edge to the tongue— if it tends to stick, it is semivitreous; if it does not stick, it is vitreous. Vitreous ware is used largely in hotels and restaurants, where the tableware must be able to withstand hard usage. Potteries which produce fancy chinaware are not included. The general-ware pottery industry in this country is to a great extent located in East Liverpool, Ohio, and vicinity (including a number of important potteries in W est Virginia across the Ohio River) and in Trenton, N. J., but there are important potteries producing general ware in other places in Ohio, also in Pennsylvania, New York, W est Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia, and some other States. No direct comparison can be made between the data for the pottery industry compiled by the Bureau of the Census and the data for the potteries included in this study. The pottery industry as de fined by the Bureau of the Census includes “ All establishments engaged primarily in the manufacture of stoneware, earthenware, porcelain ware, china, sanitary earthenware, and allied products,” while the potteries covered by this report include only such plants as are engaged in the manufacture of general ware. * The United States Bureau of Standards differentiates between the two kinds of ware as follows: The forming and drying of semivitreous and vitreous chinaware is essentially the same. The principal difference in the manufacturing is in the burning stage. Semivitreous porcelain is usually burned from 1,160° to 1,180° C. while the vitreous porcelain is burned in the range from 1,240° to 1,280° C. According to the Federal Specifications Board specification for vitrified chinaware, the maximum absorption of vitrified ware should not exceed 0.5 per cent, while that of the semivitreous may be as high as 5 per cent or in some cases higher. Absorption is the fundamental quality characterizing these two classes of ware, for the composition of the body varies but little, as is evident from the following statement, which shows proximate proportion of ingredients: Semiporcelain Ball clay..........................................................p ercent.. 15 Florida kaolin.........................................................do___ 8 English china clay................................................. do___ 29 Maine feldspar........................................................do___ 14 Flint........................................................................ do___ 34 Whiting.................................................................. do.......................... — Vitreous china 7.5 8.0 29.0 18.0 36.0 1.5 1 2 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY The 1923 census reports 28,458 wage earners in all branches of the pottery industry in the United States. Of these, 11*459 were in Ohio, 5,400 in New Jersey, 3,464 in West Virginia, 2,415 in New York, and 1,781 in Pennsylvania. The value of the 1923 pottery products according to the 1923 census was $84,692,941, of which $59,488,686 was for “ white ware, including C. C. [cream color], white granite, semiporcelain, and semivitreous porcelain ware,” and $15,776,382 was for “ hotel china.” Practically all of this is general ware such as is produced by the potteries covered in this study. From this and other information obtained from various sources it is estimated that the 13,007 wage earners included in this study repre sent 85 to 90 per cent of the total number of wage earners employed in the manufacture of general ware. A large percentage of the wage earners in the pottery industry are pieceworkers. They are paid for their work at rates per dozen pieces of ware, or per “ kiln day,” or per 100 cubic feet, or by other piece units. A kiln day is a specified number of cubic feet of kiln space, which varies as between bisque and glost kilns and as between semivitreous and vitreous ware. When payment is made at piece rates it is not necessary for wage purposes that companies keep a record of the hours worked by the pieceworkers, consequently few of the companies have a record of the number of hours worked in any day, week, or pay period by their pieceworkers. Hours worked by time workers are of necessity re corded, because timeworkers are paid rates per hour, per day, or per week. The study was limited to a representative two-week pay period in 1925, the aim being to get figures as to actual days and hours worked in the two weeks by all employees and to bring these figures into comparison with their earnings in the same period. To do this it was necessary to have a special time record kept for each employee for whom the companies had no record of days and hours worked. Arrangements were made with the officials of the potteries, with union officials, and with the individual employees for the keeping of a special record of the time of each pieceworker for the two-week period selected. Each piecework employee was furnished a card on which he recorded his name and occupation, the time on each day of the two weeks at which he began work in the morning, quit work for the forenoon lunch (an English custom brought to this country by pottery workers and which is observed to a considerable extent), returned to work after lunch, quit work for the noon meal, returned to work after the noon meal, and quit work at the completion of the day’s work. The earnings in the two weeks were then entered on these cards. In many of the potteries each foreman was also furnished a card for each employee under his supervision, on which he kept a duplicate record of the time and earnings for the two weeks. In some instances the timeworkers also prepared a card showing time and earnings. The time and earnings of the timeworkers for whom no record was kept on cards were taken directly from the pay rolls. The earnings entered on the cards were checked against the company pay roll. The statistical data specified above were obtained for 6,666 male and 3,657 female employees of 46 potteries engaged in the manufac ture of semivitreous ware. Of these 46 potteries, 31 are in Ohio, 7 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY 3 in West Virginia, 3 in New Jersey, 2 in Pennsylvania, and 1 each in Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia. Like data were obtained for 1,619 male and 1,065 female employees of 7 potteries making vitreous ware, of which 3 are in New York, 2 in Pennsylvania, and 1 each in New Jersey and West Virginia. AVERAGE DAYS, HOURS, AND EARNINGS Based on the data obtained, averages have been computed of (a) days on which employees worked in two weeks, (6) hours worked in two weeks, (c) amounts earned in two weeks, (d) hours worked per day, (e) earnings per day, and (/) earnings per hour, for males and for females separately in each occupation. Such averages are presented in Table 1. The average number of days worked in two weeks was obtained by dividing the total number of days on which the employees in the occupation worked in the two weeks by the number ot employees in the occupation. Each day on which an employee did any work was counted as a day even though the time worked consisted of only part of a day. The average hours worked in two weeks were obtained by dividing the total number of hours worked by all employees in the occupation in two weeks by the number of employees in the occupation. The average hours worked per day were obtained by dividing the total number of hours worked in two weeks by all employees in the occupation by the total number of days worked in the two weeks by such employees. Each day on which the employee did any work was counted as a day. The average earnings in two weeks were obtained by dividing the Jotal earnings in two weeks of all employees in the occupation by the number of such employees. The average earnings per day were obtained by dividing the total amount earned in two weeks by all the employees in the occupation by the total number of days worked in two weeks by such employees. The average earnings per hour were obtained by dividing the total amount earned in two weeks by all employees in the occupation by the total number of hours worked in two weeks by such employees. Heading line 1 of Table 1 (p. 5) it is seen that the 54 slip makers of 46 semivitreous establishments in the two weeks covered by the study worked an average of 9.3 days, or 83.7 hours, making an average of 9.0 hours per day. In the two weeks they earned an average of $62.50, or $6.74 per day, or 74.6 cents per hour. Averages are shown in Table 1, under semivitreous ware, for males only, in 40 occupations; for females only, in 11 occupations; and for both sexes, in 5 occupations. The average earnings per hour of males range from 32.5 cents for straw boys to $1,273 lor boss bisquekiln placers. For females the range is from 24.8 cents for dusters to 52.8 cents for gilders and liners. The average earnings per hour of the males in the five occupations for which averages are shown for both sexes range from 35.4 cents for tu rn ed spongers to 75.9 cents for gilders and liners, and of females range from 31.7 cents for turners’ spongers to 52.8 cents for gilders and liners. Averages are shown for a group of workers designated “ other employees,” which includes apprentices, blacksmiths, bricklayers, engineers, firemen, janitors, machinists, masons, millwrights, watch men, miscellaneous and general labor, and a very small number of 4 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY employees in other occupations, too few in number to warrant tabulation by occupation. Data were not taken for executive employees, clerks, and salaried foremen. Averages are also shown for all males, for all females, and for all employees of both sexes. Comparing these averages (p. 6) it is seen that ‘ the employees of each sex worked approximately the same number of days and hours, that all males collectively in semivitreous potteries earned an average of $52.44 in two weeks, $5.70 per day and 70.5 cents per hour, and that females earned an average of $26.54 in two weeks, $2.99 per day, and 38.5 cents per hour. In comparing these general figures it must be borne in mind that there is much difference in the character and class of the work performed by males and by females in a pottery. The averages for all occupa tions and both sexes combined for semivitreous potteries are 9.1 days or 72.5 hours worked in two weeks, and 8 hours per day, and $43.27 earned in two weeks, $4.76 per day, and 59.6 cents per hour. To determine approximately the average hours and earnings that would have been made had all male and female wage earners in the semivitreous plants worked on each of the 12 working-days in two weeks, averages have been computed for the 1,130 males and 503 females who worked on 12 days. They worked an average of 98 hours in two weeks or 8 .2.hours per day, and earned $57.06 in two weeks, $4.76 per day, and 58.2 cents per hour. As in two weeks there are 12 working-days, and as stated above the employees of semivitreous potteries worked an average of 9.1 days, there was a loss of 2.9 days in the two weeks. This loss was due principally to the fact that a very large majority of the potteries were not operated on Saturday, which accounted for approximately 2 days of lost time. Several potteries were operated on less than 5 days per week or 10 days in two weeks and frequently work was not available for some employees even though the pottery was operating. On the other hand, a few employees did not work the full time available because of sickness or personal business, or because of leaving employment in the pottery before the end of the two weeks or of entering service after the beginning of the two weeks. M any of the potteries, the semivitreous ones especially, complained that business conditions were poor. The normal or customary hours of operation of the great majority of the potteries included in the study are 9 per day except on pay Saturday when 8 hours constitute a day's work for all time workers. Working hours in a pottery, however, are more nominal than normal, as so many employees are pieceworkers and to quite an extent de termine their own time. In actual practice a very considerable percentage of the employees, especially those in the clay shop, kilns, and dipping room, work considerably less than 9 hours per day or 54 per week— some not more than 6, 6 ^ , or 7 hours per aay. This condition was quite pronounced in the period under study. The data for semivitreous ware, summarized in Table 1, are shown b y geographical districts in Table A (p. 34). An analysis of that part of Table 1 relating to the 7 vitreous potteries shows 36 occupations in which only males appear, 8 in which only females appear, and 6 occupations including both sexes. The average earnings per hour for males range from 29.2 cents for turners’ spongers to $1,249 for boss bisque-kiln placers. The range for females is from 23.5 cents for gold stampers to 44.8 cents for 5 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY burnishers. In the 7 occupations for which averages are reported for both males and females the average hourly earnings of males range from 29.2 cents for turned spongers to 89.3 cents for gilders and liners, and of females from 26.3 cents for dressers to 63.4 cents for gilders and liners. For vitreous as for semivitreous potteries, averages are shown for all males, for all females, and for all employees of both sexes. The average number of days worked by males was 10.2, as compared with 10.0 for females. The average hours worked in two weeks by all males were 83.5, or 6.1 hours greater than the 77.4 worked by all females. The average hours worked per day by males were 8.2 and by females 7.7. The average earnings of males in two weeks were $53.25, or more than twice the earnings ($25.47) of females. The average earnings per day of all males were $5.25, as compared with $2.55 for all females, th e average earnings per hour oi all males were 63.8 cents, as compared with 32.9 cents for all females. The reason for the wide difference in the earnings of males and females in the vitreous potteries is the same as that for the difference in earnings of males and of females in semivitreous potteries. (See p. 4.) The 2,684 employees of both sexes in the 7 vitreous potteries worked an average of 10.1 days or 81.1 hours in two weeks, or an average of 8 hours per day. In the two weeks they earned an average of $42.23, or $4.19 per day. The average earnings, reduced to an hourly basis, were 52.1 cents. The average days worked in two weeks by all employees of both sexes in vitreous potteries were 10.1, or 84 per cent of the full-time number of working-days, which was 12. The loss of 1.9 days, or 16 per cent of the total number of working-days, was due to some plants being closed one or both Saturdays of the two-week period or to the employee entering or leaving employment after or before the pay period opened or closed. T able 1,—AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND AVERAGE DAYS ON WHICH EMPLOYEES W ORKED IN TWO WEEKS, B Y KIN D OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX, 1925 Average Average Average earnings number hours worked of days In Estab Em worked In Per Per Per two lish ploy in two two hour ments ees weeks weeks day weeks day Number of— Kind of ware, occupation, and sex SEMIVITREOUS WAUE Slip makers, male......................................... Laborers, slip house, male............................ Mold makers, m a le ..................................... Clay earners, male.......... ............................ Batters-out, male................................ ______ Cup bailers, male........................................ Jigger men_____ _______________________ Mold runners, male...................................... Finishers, male...... ....................................... Finishers, female.,....... .............................. . Dish makers, male....... ........... .................... Dish makers' helpers, male. _...................... Turners, male........... . . ................................ Turners' spongers, male..............._.............. Turners’ spongers, female........... ............... Handlers, male _ _________ _____ . ______ _ Handle casters and finishers, male____ Handle casters and finishers, female....... :__ Stickers-up, male _— ...........-- ---Casters, male. ............ .......... Pressers, male............. ......... i .............__ Laborers, sagger shop, male ........................ Sagger makers, hand, male.___.______. . . . Sagger makers' helpers, hand, male . .......... 46 54 46 136 46 . 94 48 31 46 357 42 70 46 500 344 42 28 66 .44 291 42 124 <39 23 46 162 47 31 5 5 46 135 102 40 7 10 5 5 46 250 9 12 25 77 44 98 24 41 9.3 8.9 10.4 8.6 8.1 8.1 8.6 8.2 8.7 8.0 8.9 9.2 8.4 8.5 7.8 8.7 9.0 7.8 7.8 8.9 9.2 9.4 8.5 8.4 83.7 76.9 85.8 75.3 65.7 62.8 69.3 64.7 65.7 59.5 78.3 78.2 67.0 69.4 61.4 71.3 74.4 68.9 71.2 80.1 81.1 81.3 71.0 67.7 9.0 $62.50 $6.74 8.6 44.22 4. 96 8.2 91.28 •8.75 8.7 46.19 5.37 8.1 37.14 4.59 7.7 21.35 2.62 7.27 8.1 62.54 7.9 30.47 3.73 7.6 35.75 4.12 7.4 31.19 3.89 8.8 63.66 7.18 4.54 8.5 41.56 7.9 63.10 7.48 8.2 24.52 2.89 7.9 19.44 2.49 8.2 68.10 7.85 8.2 39. 27 4.35 8.8 25.32 3.25 5.41 9.1 42.23 8.08 9.0 72.29 5.74 8.8 52.62 18.7 44.56 4.75 8.3 68.27 8.01 6.39 8.1 53.65 $0,746 .575 1.064 .614 .565 .340 .902 .471 .544 .524 .813 .532 .942 .354 .317 .955 .528 .367 .593 .903 .649 .548 .961 .793 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 6 T ahle 1.— a v e r a g e h o u r s a n d e a r n in g s a n d a v e r a g e d a y s o n w h ic h EM PLOYEES W ORKED IN TWO WEEKS, BY KIND OP W ARE, OCCU PATION, AND SEX, 1925—Continued Number of— Kind of ware, occupation, and sex Average Average Average earnings number hours worked of days In Estab Em worked In Per Per Per lish ploy in two two two ments ees weeks weeks day weeks day - hour SEMIVITREOl’ S W AKE— c o n t i n u e d Sagger makers, machine, male1......... Kiln placers, bisque, male.................. Kiln placers, boss, bisque, male......... Firemen, bisque and glost.................. Kiln drawers, bisque and glosi, male.. Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male... Laborers, kiln shed, male .............. ............ Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glou, female ....................................................... Brushers, female.......................................... Stampers, bisque, female............................ Glaze mixers, m ale..................................... Glaze mixers’ helpers, m a le ...................... Ware boys.................................................... Dippers, male .............................................. Dippers’ helpers, male................................ Dippers’ helpers, female............................. Kiln placers, glost, male............................. Kiln placers, boss, glost, male.................... Pin boys Dressers, female.............. Dressers, forelady............ Warehousemen................. Ware carriers, male......... Dusters, female ................ Stampers, gold, female _.. Gilders and liners, male.. Gilders and liners, female Cutters, decalcomauiu, female ..................... Printers, male..................................... Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male.. Firemen, decorating............................ Burnishers, femata .............................. Wrappers, female ................................ Straw boys.......................................... Packers, male...................................... Packers, head, male............................ Other employees, male....................... Other employees, female. ................... Total, males............................... Total, females............................ Grand total, males and females. 36 197 57 102 406 49 195 8.6 9.0 9.5 11.5 7.9 9.0 10.0 73.9 59.7 62.7 129.1 47.2 54.3 92.0 8.5 $46.49 6.6 62.82 6.6 79.84 11.2 68.51 6.0 33.89 6.0 44.92 9.2 46.43 $5.38 6.96 8.40 5.96 4.29 5.00 4.66 $0.629 1.052 1.273 .531 .718 .827 .505 45 210 45 487 29 52 34 35 8 10 37 53 46 126 24 12 42 261 45 432 45 68 25 36 46 335 47 40 44 407 24 38 26 130 31 80 41 249 42 356 15 28 46 1,022 7 7 46 152 30 42 4 6 29 92 14 22 46 135 28 28 46 999 42 245 46 6,666 46 3,657 46 10,323 8.0 8.6 9.2 10.3 9.9 9.0 9.2 10.1 8.2 9.1 9.6 9.7 8.7 9.7 10.2 10.2 9.7 8.6 9.7 9.5 9.9 9.3 9.0 9.6 10.0 9.5 9.1 9.0 9.7 10.5 10.1 8.8 9.2 8.9 9.1 48.1 66.3 71.5 92.2 86.1 65.9 60.8 74.0 54.8 62.2 65.9 67.3 68.0 8ft 6 89.1 87.1 82.8 67.1 76.9 71.2 84.0 76.4 70.4 75.6 99.6 60.2 76.7 68.3 70.4 83.5 88.7 72.5 74.4 69.0 72.5 6.0 22.07 7.7 21.21 7.7 23.55 9.0 48.38 8.7 43.02 7.3 33.43 6.6 75.02 7.3 27.26 6.7 21.03 6.8 64.85 6.8 82.16 6.9 39.51 7.8 23.67 8.3 39.35 8.8 52.11 8.5 28.44 8.5 20.49 7.8 26.95 8.0 58.37 7.5 37.56 8.5 29.25 8.2 28.63 7.8 48.20 7.9 58.37 9.9 88.66 6.3 15.29 8.4 21.59 7.5 22.17 7.2 59.95 8.0 80.25 8.8 45.05 8.3 23.83 8.1 52.44 7.8 26.54 8.0 43.27 2.76 2.46 2.55 4. 72 4.35 3.70 8.20 2.70 2.56 7.10 8.53 4.08 2.73 4.07 5.12 2.79 2.11 3.13 6.05 3.95 2.95 3.09 5.36 6.08 8.82 1.61 2.36 2.45 6.17 7.67 4.45 2. 72 5.70 2.99 4. 76 .459 .320 .330 .525 .500 .508 1.233 .368 .384 1.042 1.247 .587 .348 .488 .585 .326 .248 .402 .759 .528 .348 .375 .685 .772 .890 .254 .281 .325 .851 .962 .508 .329 .705 .385 .596 17 40 46 42 46 45 39 VITREOUS WAllE Slip makers, male......................................... 6 6 11.5 106.1 Laborers, slip house, male.......................... . 7 42 9.9 88.1 Mold makers, male..................................... . 7 20 10.2 81.2 Clay carriers, male...................................... . 5 7 10.4 86.9 Batters-out, male........................................ . 7 81 9.4 78.4 Jigger men..................................................... 7 101 9.9 82.1 Mold runners, male.................................... . 5 48 9.2 71.2 Finishers, male............................................ . 3 11 9.1 77.9 Finishers, female......................................... . 7 79 9.7 77.2 Dish makers, male....................................... 3 5 10.6 89.7 Turners, male.............................................. . 7 37 9.7 77.5 Turners' spongers, male............................ . 5 5 10.2 84.4 Turners’ spongers, female............................ 2 5 8.0 63.3 Handlers, male............................................ . 7 23 89.2 10.6 Handle casters and finishers, male............ . 6 18 9.9 80.2 Handle casters and finishers, female........... 2 5 10.8 84.2 Casters, male............................................... . 6 10.1 35 89.5 Pressers, male.............................................. . 4 4 10.3 91.5 Laborers, sagger shop, male....................... . 6 71 10.5 90.0 Sagger makers, hand, male......................... . 6 16 8.4 65.2 Sagger makers’ helpers, hand, male........... 2 5 10.0 89.5 Sagger makers, machine, male................... . 3 8 11.3 83.4 Kiln placers, bisque, male.......................... . 7 68 9.6 62.9 Kiln placers, boss, bisque, male.................. 7 12 10.4 66.5 Firemen, bisque and glost.......................... . 7 16 11.9 128.2 Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male.......... 5 48 10.6 72.6 Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male.. 5 5 10.0 65.0 Laborers, kiln shed, male............................. 5 46 9.6 84.7 Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female......................................................... 5 42 10.7 73.6 I Includes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries. 9.2 8.9 8.0 8.3 8.4 8.3 7.7 8.6 7.9 8.5 8.0 8.3 7.9 8.4 8.1 7.8 8.9 8.9 8.6 7.8 9.0 7.4 6.6 6.4 10.7 6.9 6.5 8.8 77.16 44.59 82.39 40.23 32.42 73.70 28.31 37.22 30.49 73.67 66.38 24.60 17.26 82.24 29.29 33.41 72.94 81.10 43.34 65.85 60.97 77.98 63.07 83.05 80.39 49.26 52.63 40.85 6.71 4.52 8.12 3.86 3.46 7.41 3.08 4.09 3.14 6.95 6.84 2.41 2.16 7.75 2.96 3.09 7.23 7.91 4.12 7.86 6.10 6.93 6.57 7.97 6.73 4.65 5.26 4.24 .727 .506 1.014 .463 .414 .898 .398 .478 .395 .821 .857 .292 .273 .922 .365 .397 .815 .887 .481 1.010 .681 .935 1.002 1.249 .627 .678 .810 .482 6.9 22.04 2.05 .300 7 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY T able 1.— AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS AND A V E R AG E DAYS ON WIIICTT EM PLOYEES W ORKED IN TW O WEEKS, BY K IN D OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX, 1925—Continued Number of— Kind of ware, occupation, and sex vitreous w a r e —continued Brushers, female. ...................................... Stampers, bisque, female.............................. Glaze mixers, male....................................... Glaze mixers’ helpers, male_______ _______ Ware b o y s.................................................... Dippers, male................................................ Dippers’ helpers, male................................. Dippers’ helpers, female............................. Kiln placers, glost, male............ ................. Kiln placers, boss, glost, male...................... Dressers, male............................................... Dressers, female............................................ Warehousemen............................................. Ware carriers, male....................................... Stampers, gold, female.................................. Gilders and liners, male............................... Gilders and liners, female............................. Cutters, decalcomania* female................. . Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female........................................................ Printers, male................ .............................. Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male. Firemen, decorating...................................... Burnishers, female........................................ Wrappers, female.......................................... Straw boys.................................................... Packers, male............................................... Packers, head, male...................................... Other employees, m ale................................ Other employees, female............................... Total, males......................................... Total, females..................................... Grand total, males and females..........j 1 Average Average earnings Average hours worked number of days Estab Em worked In In Per Per Per lish ploy in two two two day weeks weeks hour ments ees weeks day 5 2 6 2 3 7 7 4 7 7 5 7 6 2 3 6 7 3 38 5 6 2 6 28 44 9 73 14 39 84 35 2 10 66 54 7 7 474 7 42 6 17 4 5 3 5 2 8 3 4 7 21 2 2 7 475 7 240 7 1,619 7 1,065 7 2,684 79.7 76.2 95.8 97.8 77.6 79.6 75.6 79.6 71.3 78.1 89.9 70.8 94.7 91.0. 74.6 83.1 71.4 83.3 7.8 $22.70 7.9 20.75 8.6 52.76 8.5 46.48 7.8 36.64 7.5 72.97 7.8 27.93 8.0 26.30 7.0 68.73 7.3 84.18 8.1 45.23 7.6 18.66 8.7 50.30 8.7 32.20 7.6 17.53 7.8 74.25 7.6 45.28 7.5 21.92 $2.24 2.16 4.72 4.04 3.66 6.88 2.89 2.63 6.73 7.86 4.06 2.01 4.62 3.07 1.79 6.94 4.80 1.97 $0,285 .272 .551 .475 .472 .917 .369 .330 77.7 9.9 10.1 79.7 86.4 10.6 11.4 118.5 10.8 71.7 84.7 10.6 73.9 UO 86.4 10.4 94.4 11.5 89.0 10.2 10.4 80.4 83.5 10.2 10.0 77.4 10.1 | 81.1 7.8 25. 77 7.9 61.10 8.1 53.52 10.4 65.47 6.6 32.08 8.0 20.18 8.2 26.15 8.3 56.45 8.2 107.99 8.7 45.98 7.8 22. 73 8.2 53.25 7.7 25.47 8.0 42.23 2.59 6.07 5.03 5.74 2.97 1.90 2.91 5.41 9.39 4.50 2.20 5.25 2.55 4.19 .332 .766 .619 .553 .448 .238 .354 .654 1.144 .517 .283 .638 .329 .521 10.2 9.6 11.2 11.5 10.0 10.6 9.7 10.0 10.2 10.7 11.1 9.3 10.9 10.5 9.8 10.7 9.4 11.1 .964 1.078 .503 .263 .531 .354 .235 .893 .634 .263 EARNINGS, DAYS, AND HOURS A series of tables has been prepared showing the number of em ployees in 24 of the most important occupations classified or grouped according to (a) their average earnings per hour, (6) the number of calendar days or parts of days worked in two weeks, (c) number of hours actually worked in two weeks, and (d) the amount actually earned in two weeks. In the aggregate, 4,402, or 66 per cent, of the 6,666 males and 2,972, or 81 per cent, of the 3,657 females for whom data are given under “ Semivitreous ware” in Table 1 and 856, or 53 per cent, of the 1,619 males and 785, or 74 per cent, of the 1,065 females for whom data are given under “ Vitreous ware” in Table 1 are classified in these tables as follows: Table 2 (p. 8).— Average and classified earnings per hour in 24 selected occupations, 1925, by kind of ware and by sex. Table 3 (p. 10).— Average and specified number of days on which employees worked in two weeks in 24 selected occupations, 1925, by kind of ware and by sex. Table 4 (p. 12).— Average and classified hours of work in two weeks in 24 selected occupations, 1925, by kind of ware and by sex. Table 5 (p. 14).— Average and classified actual earnings in two weeks in 24 selected occupations, 1925, by kind of ware and by sex. T able 2.—AV E R AG E AN D CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIN D 6 F W ARE AND BY SEX Number of— Kind of ware, occupation, and sex Estab Em lish ploy ments ees Number of employees whose average earnings per hour were— Aver l age earn Un 30 20 25 35 90 70 40 80 50 60 45 $1 $1.10 ings and and and and and and and and | and i and cents and der and under under under per under under under under under under untfer and 20 under under hour cents 25 40 30 35 50 70 | 60 45 I 80 1 90 under $1.10 $1.20 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 $1.20 and under $1.30 00 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 and and and undfer under over $1.40 $1.50 SEMIVITREOUS WARE 45 45 46 12 42 45 46 44 41 42 210 487 126 24 261 432 335 407 249 356 .459 .320 1.233 .368 .384 1.042 .348 .585 .759 .528 46 1,022 .375 46 46 152 135 .772 .851 7 7 42 81 .506 .414 2 1 6 28 1 '2 1 19 1 7 4 4 1 1 6 1 12 5 1 23. 5 16 2 1 8 2 1 11 3 17 37 1 3 31 ' 48 5 9 40 57 5 1 2 2 2 8 16 1 2 4 1 1 58 158 26 122 21 94 9 6 3 34 1 9 4 33 114 34 48 18 58 22 9 g 17 11 17 61 5 3 12 21 21 11 6 7 2 106 4 1 1 24 32 16 2 1 1 116 1 2 75 43 14 6 19 36 35 10 26 17 7 12 22 2 8 12 3 20 5 33 13 53 16 22 102 51 17 45 15 41 12 52 18 11 52 1 10 9 18 4 26 15 15 16 15 6 28 136 92 117 41 11 44 17 1 43 17 23 6 16 1 8 1 3 3 22 13 15 7 4 10 2 8 1 10 2 11 2 28 101 133 5 2 4 225 9 214 24 15 47 9 59 12 57 4 5 4 2 2 3 1 3 21 8 129 5 99 1 10 10 13 2 88 1 2 1 18 68 1 4 38 60 1 7 55 47 2 9 45 23 5 9 36 2 1 1 23 367 39 70 3 28 38 49 37 73 130 255 178 115 104 89 28 8 5 1 1 3 7 4 1 14 6 21 9 30 55 27 25 • 21 10 1 5 4 6 16 8 15 7 6 7 5 1 6 *7 2 2 4 22 3 4 6 3 4 2 31 42 *1 12 5 23 2 1 VITREOUS WARE Laborers, slip house, male....................... Batters-out, m ale............................. . 10 1 *1 INDUSTRY 136 $0,575 357 .565 500 .902 344 .471 .544 66 291 .524 124 .813 162 .942 135 .955 102 .528 10 .367 250 .903 98 .961 197 1.052 406 .718 POTTERY 46 46 46 42 28 44 42 46 46 40 7 46 44 46 46 THE Laborers, slip house, male....................... Batters-out, male..................................... Jigger men.............................. .................. Mold runners, male..................... ........... Finishers, male......................................... Finishers, female..................................... Dish makers, male................................... Turners, male........................ ........ ......... Handlers, male.............. ........_................ Handle casters and finishers, male_____ Handle casters and finishers, fem ale.... Casters, male................... ....................... Sagger makers, hand, male____ ____ _ Kiln placers, bisque, male............ ......... Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, m ale... Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female...................... ................... Brushers, female...................................... Dippers, male......... ...................... ......... Dippers’ helpers, male............................ Dippers’ helpers, female.......................... Kiln placers, glost, m ale........................ Dressers, female....... ............................. ^ W arehottsemen....... .*............................... Gilders and liners, male.......................... Gilders and liners, female....................... Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female................... ................................ Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male.............................. ...................... . Packers, male........................................... 7 5 3 7 3 7 7 6 5 5 7 7 4 7 5 7 6 6 7 42 38 28 44 9 73 39 84 35 66 54 .300 .285 .917 .369 .330 .964 .503 .263 .531 .893 .(34 7 474 .332 17 .619 . 654 2 6 7 21 ! 1 2 1 6 3 9 1 18 5 2 3 3 7 1 2 1 1 8 5 8 3 10 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 •2 3 4 17 12 6 7 18 1 10 ■■■■ 4 11 6 2 13 9 26 1 12 4 g c o o 1 Ii 1 1 5 g 66 o& 2 17 17 75 1 6 3 1 1 9 84 1 3 5 1 1 6 118 i i 1 5 6 1 19 2 3 1 4 5 V 3 5 12 3 2 1 8 A 3 17 8 2 1 1 n 8 4 3 9 1 14 11 91 1 4 3 31 1 1 5 2 12 3 6 5 39 14 2 10 1 4 2 o£ i •5 i *•1 i i 9 oo 0 n 5 o ’3 4 4 6 4 7 5 2 21 4 4 10 53 29 29 9 1 3 7 1 3 1 1 1 4 1 3 10 5 1 3 2 1 6 3 5 18 8 2 2 3 i 2 2 3 3 0 O I j■ 1 1 4 1 i ; 1 i 1 1 I | 1 I at $1.80 and under $1.90; 1 at $1 90 and under v-; and 2 at i2 and under 12.10. " SUMMARY 1Two at $1.50 and under $1.C0 and 5 at $1.70 and under $1.80. 2At $1.50 and under $1.60. 8At $1.60 and under $1.70. 4 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70. 6 Eight at $1.50 and under $1.60; 9 at $1.60 and under $1.70; 1 at $1.70 and under $1.8 * Two at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70. 7 One at $1.50 and under $1.60; 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70; 1 at $1.70 and under $1.80. 2 7 17 4 9 2 13 1 6 AND .898 .398 .478 .395 .821 .857 .922 .365 .397 .815 1.010 1.002 .678 INTRODUCTION 6 6 7 5 101 48 11 79 5 37 23 18 5 35 16 68 48 O CO Jigger m e n . . ............................. Mold runners, male................................. Finishers, male......................................... Finishers, fem ale.................................... Dish makers, male................................... Turners, male........................................... Handlers, male......................................... Handle casters and finishers, male......... Handle casters and finishers, female___ Casters, male........................................... Sagger makers, hand, male..................... Kiln placers, bisque, male....................... Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, m ale... Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female........................................... Brushers, female....................................... Dippers, male........................................... Dippers’ helpers, male....... ..................... Dippeis' helpers, female......................... Kiln placers, glost, male.......................... Dressers, male.......................................... Dressers, female................... .................... W arehousemen......................................... Gilders and liners, male.......................... Gilders and liners, female....... ...... .......... Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female.................................................... Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male............................................. ......... Packers, male........................................... CD T able 3.—AVE R AG E A N D SPECIFIED N U M BE R OF DAYS ON WHICH EM PLOYEES W O R K E D IN TWO WEEKS IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY KIND OF W ARE AND BY SE X Number of— KS»4 6$. ware, occupation, and sex O Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks Estab- | Emlishments ployees Average number of days worked in two weeks 136 357 500 344 66 291 124 162 135 102 10 250 98 197 406 8.9 8.1 8.6 8.2 8.7 8.0 8.9 8.4 8.7 9.0 7.8 8.9 8.5 9.0 7.9 4 3 1 15 1 3 2 3 19 210 487 126 24 261 432 335 407 249 8.0 8.6 9.2 14 11 1 8.2 9.1 8.7 10.2 9.7 9.5 1,022 152 135 42 81 101 48 11 4 3 5 7 6 8 9 10 13 11 12 | i s E M m m s * > u s WARE 13 52 78 54 9 52 25 33 17 11 1 47 18 22 58 40 81 111 63 7 62 34 42 37 15 1 40 21 45 52 14 29 55 18 11 20 7 11 18 25 1 20 9 19 38 22 18 41 31 10 8 14 6 8 12 1 45 7 36 56 13 14t 27 10 12 23 27 46 10 4 30 55 40 28 31 34 28 79 20 2 38 55 27 68 13 53 28 133 32 4 59 128 73 73 61 58 18 53 17 6 34 51 51 98 70 69 32 50 20 1 7 1 25 | 68 46 108 38 81 68 3 4 104 14 17 123 13 14 218 33 30 223 31 35 156 28 25 1 2 7 15 2 1 8 7 6 13 33 34 14 1 10 19 32 11 3 12 3 9 6 3 5 35 44 39 11 35 6 17 11 9 10 2 10 7 13 7 1 2 12 3 17 34 5 4 32 10 5 6 3 8 1 3 12 6 17 1 1 6 6 10 17 3 7 8 12 22 22 7 9 12 9.3 9.6 9.7 20 2 1 12 33 4 4 39 8 1 9.4 9.9 9.2 9.1 2 1 1 3 1 1 7 1 2 2 3 3 1 10.1 2 1 8 15 14 3 11 4 7 1 2 16 26 16 2 20 5 5 7 3 20 13 9 17 VITREOUS WARE Laborers, slip house, male................. —— Batters-out, male....... ................................. Jigger men................................. - ................ . Mold runners, male.................................... . Finishers, male............................................ . 1 1 i ! | 1 ! ! I i ! 1 INDUSTRY 18 53 74 57 7 43 21 21 15 11 1 39 14 33 47 9 40 47 39 3 30 6 19 19 13 4 21 8 15 38 8 10 3 3 2 2 5?HB! POTTERY Laborers, slip house, male........................ . Batters-out, m a l e , ........................ . Jigger men....... ............................................. Mold runners, .male.... ............................... . Finishers, male......... , . . ........... ................... Finishers, female.......... ............................... Dish makers, male...................................... . Turners, male....... ..................................... . Handlers, male............................................ . Handle casters and finishers, male............ . Handle casters and finishers, female........... Casters, male............................................... . Sanger makers, hand, male.......................... Kiln placers, bisque, male........................... Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male_____ Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female............................................... ......... Brushers, female........................................... Dippers, male............................................. . Dippers’ helpers, male................................ . Dippers’ helpers, female..................... ....... Kiln placers, glost, male...................... ....... Dressers, female............................................ W arehousemen............................................. Gilders and liners, male............................... Gilders and liners, female........................... Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female........................................................ Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male. Packers, male................ ............................. . 79 5 37 23 18 5 35 16 68 48 9.7 10.6 9.7 10.6 9.9 10.8 10.1 8.4 9.6 10.6 5 5 7 7 4 7 5 7 6 6 7 42 38 28 44 9 73 39 84 35 66 54 10.7 10.2 10.6 9.7 10.0 10.2 11.1 9.3 10.9 10.7 9.4 7 6 7 474 17 21 9.9 10.6 10.4 AND SUMMARY 7 3 7 7 6 2 6 6 7 5 INTRODUCTION Finishers, female......................................... Dish makers, male....................................... Turners, male....... ........................ .............. Handlers, male............................................ Handle casters and finishers, male............ Handle casters and finishers, female.......... Casters, m ale............................................. Sagger makers, hand, male........................ Kiln placers, bisque, male............ ............ Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male....... Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female....................................................... Brashers, female.......................................... Dippers, male.............................................. Dippers" helpers, male........................... . Dippers* helpers, female............................. Kiln placers, glost, male............................. Dressers, male.............................................. Dressers, female.......................................... Warehousemen............ ............................... •Gilders and liners, m ale............................. Oilders and liners, female............... ........... •Transferrers, decalcomania and print, fe male........................................... - ............. Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male. Packers, male...................................... T able 4.—A VERAG E AND CLASSIFIED HOURS OF W ORK IN TWO WEEKS IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIND OF W ARE AND BY SEX _______ _________ _ Number of— Kind of ware, occupation, and sex Average hours actually Estab Employ worked in two lishments ees w eks I-* to Number of employees whose hours of work in two weeks were— 108 117 99 54 63 72 1 81 27 36 45 90 18 4K 19A 1*0 Un and and and and and and and and and and and and and 1 and der under under under under under under under under under under under under under under over 4H 45 54 81 99 108 117 126 IS 27 36 63 72 90 SEMI VITREOUS WARE 48.1 66.3 60.8 74.0 54.8 62.2 68.0 89.1 76.9 71.2 76.4 75.6 70.4 22 14 3 16 7 3 18 15 3 12 8 6 6 3 7 17 5 5 9 21 13 4 4 8 28 2 14 17 30 3 8 11 37 6 4 42 81 88.1 1 101 82.1 71.2 77.9 2 1 2 1 1 5 2 2 1 102 10 250 98 197 406 210 487 126 24 261 432 335 407 249 356 1,022 152 135 5 14 5 6 1 10 1 4 3 4 12 18 14 5 18 3 6 3 3 1 8 40 52 41 11 43 12 25 12 15 2 23 10 27 55 7 46 57 50 7 36 5 23 21 10 1 26 13 36 40 15 64 83 59 10 66 12 ' 28 21 10 26 46 19 1 30 31 26 4 13 18 47 12 15 28 56 26 1 71 110 37 8 26 40 78 13 26 21 86 37 2 6 1 32 20 38 31 53 90 43 22 22 49 112 18 17 22 57 85 58 5 39 26 29 21 10 2 28 14 18 42 21 98 13 4 24 81 64 34 39 69 152 23 16 21 56 84 46 5 23 18 16 20 15 41* 14 17 34 11 102 15 4 18 47 54 73 45 60 184 20 17 21 27 49 25 8 11 20 14 10 11 2 33 5 12 9 12 26 6 3 10 24 133 65 48 231 17 22 4 2 2 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 33 3 1 1 4 3 4 3 1 18 8 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 18 6 18 8 6 2 18 7 8 14 INDUSTRY 2 14 24 66 291 124 162 135 76.9 65.7 69.3 64.7 65.7 59.5 78.3 67.0 71.3 74.4 68.9 80.1 71.0 59.7 47.2 9 1 28 99 12 36 100 12 8 15 1 2 9 9 2 4 3 1 4 2 6 11 3 1 2 VITREOUS WARE Laborers, slip house, male............................ . Batters-out, male.......................................... . Jigger men..................................................... . Mold runners, male...................................... . Finishers, male.............................................. . ?a 4 3 1 4 3 1 10 9 6 14 19 11 1 4 25 31 15 14 20 32 5 2 2 i 2 POTTERY 6 3 3 43 4 22 36 28 6 35 4 7 11 4 1 5 5 28 53 136 357 500 344 THE Laborers, slip house, m ale.......................... . Batters-out, male........................................... Jigger men....................................................... Mold iunners, male...................................... . Finishers, male............................................... Finishers, female............................................ Dish makers, male_________ _____ _______ Turners, male..................................... ........... Handlers, male.............................................. . Handle casters and finishers, male............. . Handle casters and finishers, female............. Casters, male....... ........................................... Sagger makers, hand, male............................ Kiln placers, bisque, m ale........................... . Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male............ . Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female........................................................... Brushers, female....... .................................... Dippers, male.............................................. Dippers’ helpers, male.................................. . Dippers’ helpers, female................................ Kiln placers, glost, m a le .............................. Dressers, female......... .................................. . Warehousemen.............................................. . Gilders and liners, male................................. Gilders and liners, female............................. . Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female. Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, m ale.. Packers, male.................................................. 1 ,21898 79 5 37 23 18 5 35 16 68 48 77.2 89.7 77.5 89.2 80.2 84.2 89.5 65. 2 62.9 72.6 5 5 7 7 4 7 5 7 6 6 7 7 6 42 38 28 44 9 73 39 84 35 66 54 474 17 21 73.6 79.7 79.6 75.6 79.6 71.3 89.9 70.8 94.7 83.1 71.4 77.7 86.4 86.4 7 12 1 1 1 ~~2 1 17 4 11 2 10 4 2 1 2 'Ii' l 5 2 11 ”T 8 30 1 6 8 2 10 1 4 ~io' 6 47 2 4 5 2 4 2 1 2 11 18 4 19 8 9 1 24 1 17 3 14 3 75 3 1 25 3 6 3 5 2 6 4 12 10 5 9 8 4 8 5 23 6 6 13 111 2 5 20 1 11 11 4 1 12 1 4 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 6 4 1 1 10 7 2 3 1 2 2 8 7 26 10 10 26 13 150 4 7 2 3 7 5 6 1 4 2 3 1 1 6 3 1 2 1 AND SU M M ARY 7 3 7 7 6 2 6 6 7 5 INTRODUCTION Finishers, female........................................... Dish makers, male........................................ Turners, male................................................ Handlers, male.............................................. Handle casters and finishers, male.............. Handle casters and finishers, female........... Casters, male................. .............................. Sagger makers, hand, male.......................... Kiln placers, bisque, male........................... Kiln drawers, bisque and *rlost, male.......... Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female......................................................... Brushers, female.......... ..................... .......... Dippers, male............................................... Dippers’ helpers, male................................. Dippers’ helpers, female................................ Kiln placers, glost, male............................... Dressers, male____ ________________ _____ Dressers, female________________________ W arehousemen.................................. .......... Gilders and liners, male............................... Gilders and liners, female.............................. Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female. Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, m ale.. Packers, male................................................ . OC T able 5.—A V E RAG E A N D CLASSIFIED AC TU A L EARNINGS M ADE IN TWO W EEKS IN 24 SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY KIND OF WARE AND BY SEX Number of— Kind of ware, occupation, and sex Estab Em lish ments ployees h-* Number of employees whose earnings in two weeks were— Aver- actual earn $2.50 $5 $7.50 $10 $12.50 $15 ings Un and and and and and and made der un un un un un un in two $2. 50 der der der der der der weeks $5 $7.50 $10 $12.50 $15 $20 $20 and un der $25 $25 and un der $30 $30 and un der $35 $35 and un der $40 $40 and un der $45 $45 and un der $50 $50 and un der $55 11 50 26 42 5 40 7 1 1 4 4 1 3 17 2 7 26 52 38 1 4 5 13 9 9 41 52 56 39 5 7 11 12 8 23 50 44 40 1 2 5 2 3 3 6 7 1 1 1 7 161 52 34 41 8 29 9 6 6 g 20 47 43 26 4 25 9 13 6 19 42 45 16 7 13 8 11 8 3 6 6 5 14 13 7 7 7 7 9 5 1 2 1 2 1 1 4 3 2 ’ *§" 1 8 10 21 1 9 16 13 16 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 7 3 3 12 10 4 17 14 12 17 10 12 13 29 8 8 18 36 41 38 34 26 27 18 22 8 15 32 1 8 16 6 41 8 13 41 22 20 2 2 .... 4 2 2 2 2 2 6 4 g $55 and un der $60 $60 and un der $65 $65 and un der $70 $70 and un der $75 $75 and un der $80 $80 and un der $85 $85 and un der $90 $90 $95 $100^$110 $120 and and and and and $130 un un un iuh- un and der der der ! der der over $95 $100 $110 $120 $130 SEMIVITREOUS WARE 40 102 39.27 7 46 10 250 25. 32 72.29 44 46 98 197 68.27 62.82 46 406 33.89 2 13 22 17 22 6 38 45 45 46 12 42 45 46 44 41 42 210 487 126 24 261 432 335 407 249 356 22.07 21. 21 75.02 27.26 21.03 64. 85 23. 67 52.11 58.37 37.56 6 1 9 15 1 19 17 10 12 1 17 9 2 8 21 37 2 13 1 8 7 3 6 25 16 77 169 130 1 2 4 "T 4 6 36 73 84 6 7 4 3 25 57 80 60 5 1 2 3 3 5 5 7 2 26 35 47 46 1,022 28.63 152 135 58.37 59.95 46 46 1 1 1 1 3 4 4 8 5 1 ..... 4 2 2 7 1 1 1 1 1 13 3 4 2 7 2 6 2 2 2 3 3 3 5 4 11 1 10 7 1 3 4 15 17 20 18 46 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 10 7 3 14 14 12 3 47 39 3 1 2 .... 3 11 11 14 20 6 15 1 3 47 1 3 1 53 31 2 1 3 (5 10 3 5 1 2 0 0 3 O Z g 8 30 g 5 2 3 7 5 5 2 1 1 l 5 g 2 1 0 & 6 3 6 2 8 16 18 23 g 7 5 24 13 3 g 12 2 1 2 1 14 8 15 14 18 7 77 64 52 37 20 7 13 14 9 5 18 2 1 1 13 "l3’ 11 2 3 2 1 7 14 3 16 8 1 3 6 2 99 171 171 199 119 57 38 21 12 6 4 3 2 10 7 7 12 9 18 6. 13 12 7 12 8 13 8 7 18 18 6 4 1 4 90 11 19 5 7 1 6 9 g 15 18 4 3 59 81 22 24 31 21 8 3 o 4 10 18 13 7 4 34 19 40 3 1 0 u 12 11 17 13 15 31 20 16 41 2 2 1 12 25 1 |35 I 76 23 18 42 2 32 8 1 2! | 7 8 5 2 4 4 7 1 4 7 3 1 |....... INDUSTRY 136 $44.22 357 37.14 500 62.54 344 30.47 66 35.75 291 31.19 124 63.66 162 63.10 135 68.10 POTTERY 46 46 46 42 28 44 42 46 46 THE Laborers, slip house, male. Batters-out, m ale.............. Jigger men....... .................. Mold runners, male........... Finishers, male..... ............. Finishers, female................ Dish makers, male_______ Turners, male............ ........ Handlers, male.......... ; ___ Handle casters and fin ishers, male..................... Handle casters and fin ishers, female.................. Casters, male..................... Sagger makers, hand, male_____________ ____ Kiln placers, bisque, male. Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male....................... Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female. Brushers, female................ Dippers, male..... ........... . Dippers’ helpers, male___ Dippers’ helpers, female... Kiln placers, glost, m ale... Dressers, female....... .......... W arehousemen................. Gilders and liners, m ale... Gilders and liners, female.. Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female___ Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male_______ Packers, male..................... VITREOUS WARE 42 81 101 48 11 79 5 37 23 44.59 32.42 73.70 28.31 37.22 30.49 73. 67 66.38 82.24 6 18 29.29 2 6 6 7 5 35 16 68 33. 41 72.94 65.85 63.07 48 49.26 7 42 38 28 44 9 73 39 84 35 66 54 22.04 22.70 72.97 27.93 26.30 68.73 45.23 18.66 50.30 74.25 45.28 7 474 25.77 6 17 21 53. 52 56.45 6 7 7 4 7 5 7 6 6 7 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 2 2 1 6 2 1 1 6 1 2 19 " T 10 1 4 9 10 8 3 12 *18“ 5 7 3 4 1 12 4 1 1 1 1 6 i 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 1 16 4 1 1 2 8 2 1 7 5 1 1 3 6 6 1 2 1 8 5 1 3 26 1 1 1 14 16 85 1 5 4 9 1 1 2 3 3 10 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 3 6 3 2 7 1 1 3 4 1 5 3 1 2 2 3 1 1 ” 3” 1 1 9 3 1 10 3 1 10 1 8 5 10 1 2 2 2 5 1 1 1 4 1 1 5 1 6 1 9 1 13 6 2 13 12 1 6 1 5 9 2 8 8 2 4 5 6 4 4 5 2 88 97 72 42 24 6 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 17 13 2 17 10 4 1 1 11 1 1 x 1 12 3 9 5 5 7 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 12 4 1 1 1 2 4 1 2 2" 6 2 1 1 6 1 "*5 1 2 2 1 1 1 . . . . ~~2 6 11 7 2 2 4 "T 2 5 4 2 2 6 4 8 3 5 4 1 4 1 1 1 .... 2 1 ” 3’ 2 24 11 4 1 3 .... 1 2 2 4 6 2 5 2 1 2 3 2 2 6 2 2 1 6 16 11 4 1 4 4 5 7 1 2 2 2 3 1 ! 1 ' 5 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 4 i 1 2 1 1 1 i 2 6 SUMMARY 5 5 1 AND 7 7 7 5 3 7 3 7 7 INTRODUCTION Laborers, slip house, male. Batters-out, male.............. Jigger men........................ . M old runners, male......... . Finishers, male.—............ . Finishers, female............... Dish makers, male............ Turners, male............... . Handlers, male____ ____ _ Handle casters and finish ers, male................... ...... Handle casters and finish ers, female..................... . Casters, male..................... Sagger makers, hand, male Kiln placers, bisque, male. Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male...................... Drawers (in warehouse) bisque and glost, female. Brushers, female.............. . Dippers, m ale................. . Dippers, helpers, male___ Dippers, helpers, female... Kiln placers, glost, male—. Dressers, male................... Dressers, female............... . Warehousemen.................. Gilders and liners, male... Gilders and liners, female. Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female__ Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male............ Paekers, male................... . Oi 16 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY DAYS AND EARNINGS In Table 3 (p. 10) is shown the number of employees in each of 24 selected occupations according to the specified number of days on which they worked in two weeks, and in Table 5 (p. 14) are shown the same employees classified according to the amount earned in two weeks. In Table 6 the employees in five selected occupations (jigger men, bisque-kiln placers, kiln drawers, glost-kiln placers, and transferrers) are shown both by the specified number of days worked and by the classified amount earned in the two weeks; in other words, days worked and earnings are correlated. Reading line 6 of Table 6 it is seen that of the 5 jigger men who earned “ $2-0 and under $25” in the two weeks covered by the study, 2 worked on 3 days, 1 on 4 days, and 2 on 5 days. T a p li 6.—SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY KIND OF W ARE AND BY SEX Kind of ware, occupation, sex, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each specified number of days in two weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 n 13 14 Total SEMIVITREOUS WARE Jigger men, in 46 potteries: 1 1 1 $12.50 and under $15__________ $15 and under $20 ______ $20 and under $25 . ______ $25 and under $30 _ _ ___ $30 and under $35 __ $35 and under $40. ___________ $40 and under $45 ______ $45 and under $50 ________ $50 and under $55____________ $55 and under $60 _ ______ $60 and under $65 __ ______ $65 and under $70 _____ $70 and under $75 _ _ _____ $75 and under $80 ! $80 and under $85 _____ $85 and under $90. . __ ______ $90 t'nd under $95_____________ $95 and under $100 ___ $100 and under $110 ______ $110 and under $120 $120 and under $130 $130 and over— _____________ T otal......... ............................. 3 Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 46 potteries: $5 and under $7.50..... ................ $7.50 and under $10.................... $12.50 and under $15................... $20 and under $25....................... $25 and under $30..................... . $30 and under $35....................... $35 and under $40.... .................. $40 and under $45.................. . $45 and under $50....................... $50 and under $55...................... $55 and under $60..................... $60 and under $65_____________ $65 and under $70............. ......... $70 and under $75....................... $75 and under $80....................... $80 and under $85....................... $85 and under $90....................... $90 and under $95....................... $95 and under $100..................... $100 and under $110.................... $110 and under $120.................... Total.......... ............................ 1 3 1 "Y i ■ 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 4 2 1 1 5 11 8 7 1 2 11 1 4 9 3 3 .... 1 1 1 3 ‘T 6 6 5 6 4 7 1 1 1 2 3 5 12 9 13 8 8 7 1 2 3 ___ 1 __ 2 1 3 7 10 10 5 8 13 7 5 4 1 1 1 3 3 15 26 47 44 74 78 2 3 3 ‘T 4 3 3 "s’ 7 13 2 3 17 6 15 15 2 2 15 7 5 6 13 3 13 3 3 4 5 1 4 3 2 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 111 55 41 2 1 1 3 1 1 6 2 1 6 4 1 3 2 3 "Y 1 1 ~T T ~T T lo" 15 9 3 7 11 1 7 1 4 5 4 2 1 1 1 2 33 22 1 6 5 .... 1 2 20 4 1 2 5 8 11 2 3 5 1 1 3 5 1 6 1 4 1 45 19 36 1 1 2 1 4 5 13 9 26 34 43 45 47 39 47 53 31 32 25 16 8 12 3 2 1 500 1 2 1 1 5 7 12 10 17 14 17 12 29 8 24 13 3 8 7 5 1 197 17 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY T able 6.—SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AN D CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIN D OF W ARE AND BY SEX—Contd, Kind of ware., occupation, sex, and classified earnings \n two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each specified number of days in two weeks 1 s e m iv it r e o u s w a r e — 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total continued Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male, in 46 potteries: Under $2.50. •............................. $2.50 and under $ 5 .................. . $5 and under $7.50-----------------$7.50 and under $10.......... ......... $10 and under $12.50.................. $12.50 and under $15.................. $15 and under $20....... .............. $20 and under $25____________ $25 and under $30____________ $30 and under $35..... ................. $35 and under $40..... ................. $40 and under $45....................... $45 and under $50....................... $50 and under $55..... ................. $55 and under $60...................... $60 and under $65................... . $65 and under $70....................... $70 and under $75...................... $75 and under $80.................. . $80 and under $85....................... $85 and under $90__________ ... $90 and under $95...................... Total... 27 I 23 15 7 38 17 58 52 38 2 13 22 17 22 6 38 18 36 41 38 34 26 27 18 22 8 12 2 1 2 1 406 Kiln placers, glost, male, in 45 pot$2.50 and under $5___ _________ $5 and under $7.50....................... $7.50 and under $10______ ____ _ $10 and under $12.50........... ........ $12.50 and under $15................... $15 and under $20................ ........ $20 and under $25......... .............. $25 and under $30......................... $30 and under $35........................ $35 and under $40_____________ $40 and under $45_________ ____ $45 and under $50....................... . $50 and under $55......................... $55 and under $60.................. ...... $60 and under $65........................ $65 and under $70......................... $70 and under $75.................... . $75 and under $80....... .......... ...... $80 and under $85_________ ____ $85 and under $90......................... $90 and under $95..................... $100 and under $110..................... $110 and under $120..................... Total.. Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female, in 46 potteries: Under $2.50.............................. $2.50 and uncier $5....................... $5 and under $7.50...................... . $7.50 and under $10...... ............... $10 and under $12.50................ . $12.50 and under $15.................. . $15 and under $20......................... $20 and under $25...................... . $25 and under $30......................... $30 and under $35......................... $35 and under $40......................... $40 and under $45......................... $45 and under $50......................... $50 and under $55...................... . $55 and under $60......................... $60 and under $65......................... $65 and under $70......................... $70 and under $75......................... $75 and under $80......................... Total......................... ............ . 1 3 3 1 6 4 3 7 6 15 7 15 15 48 32 77 64 52 37 20 7 5 | 12 5 21 6 20 12 10 33 14 | 55 |55 4 15 17 20 18 46 99 171 171 199 119 57 38 21 12 6 4 3 2 104 123 218 223 156 ............. 1,022 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 18 T SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AN D CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN 1'IVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1025, BY KIND OF W ARE AND BY SEX—Contd. able Kind of ware, occupation, sex, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each specified number of days in two weeks 3 6 4 7 10 11 12 13 14 Total VITREOUS WARE Jigger men, in 7 potteries: $10 and under $12.50.. $25 and under $30....... $30 and under $35....... $35 and under $40....... $40 and under $45....... $50 and under $55....... $55 and under $60....... $60 and under $65....... $65 and under $70....... $70 and under $75....... $75 and under $80....... $80 and under $85....... $85 and under $90....... $90 and under $95....... $95 and under $100___ $100 and under $110. . . $110 and under $120. .. $120 and under $130... $130 and over..... ........ Total.. 1 4 1 3 2 9 10 6 7 11 12 3 9 5 5 7 2 3 1 1 1 32 15 Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 7 potteries: $12.50 and under $15................. . $16 and under $20....................... $35 and under $40..................... $40 and under $45................... . $45 and under-$50. .................... . $50 and under $5§__.................... $55 and under $60....................... $60 and under $65..... ................. $65 and under $70..... ................. $70 and under $75....................... $75 and under $80....................... $80 and under $85....................... $85 and under $90....................... $90 and under $95....................... $95 and under $100.................... 1 3 1 3 3 5 10 10 8 2 12 6 1 2 1 Total. 27 Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male, in 5 potteries: $15 and under $20....................... $30 and under $35....................... $35 and under $40....................... $40 and under $45...................... $45 and under $50....................... $50 and under $55....................... $55 and under $60...................... $60 and under $65....................... $65 and under $70....................... $75 and under $80....................... 1 2 9 10 5 10 1 2 2 Total.. 48 18 Kiln placers, glost, male^in 7 pot teries: $20 and under $25....................... $35 and under $40....................... $40 and under $45....................... $45 and under $50.................. . $50 and under $55.................... . $55 and under $60....................... $60 and under $65....................... $65 and under $70................. $70 and under $75..................... $75 and under $80....................... $80 and under $85.................... . $85 and under $90....................... $90 and under $95....................... Total.. 1 2 1 1 1 6 13 12 16 11 4 1 4 2 1 12 15 7 27 73 19 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY T 6 —SPECIFIED DAYS W ORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO W EEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY K IN D OF W ARE A N D B Y SEX—Contd. able Kind of ware, occuaption, sex, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each specified number of days in two weeks 1 v it r e o u s w a r e — 2 3 4 2 1 6 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total continued Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female, in 7 potteries: ......... Under $2.50$2.50 and under $5 ____ $5 and under $7.50 _ _______ $7.50 and under $10__________ $10 and under $12.50 $12.50 and under $15__________ $15 and under $20____________ $20 and under $25____________ $25 and under $30_____________ $30 and under $35_____________ $35 and under $40..... ......... ........ $40 and under $45 _ _ _ $45 and under $50 ___________ $50 and under $55____________ $55 and under $60—.................... $60 and under $65..... .................. $65 and under $70_______ _____ Total........................................ 5 1 1 1 1 2 ! | 1 1 1 i i 6 6 7 3 7 4 4 2 2 " 3 4 3 3 2 2 4 6 4 6 6 1 • 3 5 22 17 27 1 3 1 13 35 11 12 5 28 9 35 5 28 12 42 1 17 20 26 4 6 13 18 1 7 16 . 5 1 2 2 1 1 i i 5 6 8 5 14 16 85 88 97 72 42 24 6 2 2 1 1 31 117 I 474 73 160 HOURS AND EARNINGS In Table 4 (p. 12) is shown the number of employees in each of 24 selected occupations according to the classified number of hours worked in two weeks, and in Table 5 (p. 14) the same employees are grouped according to the classified amount earned in two weeks. In Table 7 the number of employees in five selected occupations (jigger men, bisque-kiln placers, kiln drawers, glost-kiln placers, and trans ferrers) are classified both by the number of hours worked and by the amount earned in two weeks. Reading line 6 of Table 7, it is seen that of the 5 jigger men who earned “ $20 and under $25” in the two weeks covered by the study 2 worked 18 and under 27 hours, and 3 worked 27 and under 36 hours. THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 20 T able 7 —CLASSIFIED HOURS AND EARNINGS IN TW O WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, B Y KIN D OF W ARE AND BY SEX Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Kind of ware, occupation, sex, ajid classified earnings in two weeks 9 18 27 Un and and and der un un un 9 der der der 18 27 36 36 and un der 45 45 and un der 54 54 and un der 63, 63 and un der 72 72 and un der 81 81 and un der 90 90 and un der 99 99 and un der 108 108 and 117 un and To der over tal 117 SEMIVITREOUS WARE Jigger men, in 46 potteries: $2.50 and npder $5 1 ..... $5 and 1 under $7.50 $10 and under $12.50 2 $12.50 and nndp.r $15 1 $15 find under $20 2 2 $20 and under $25 2 3 $25 and under $30 ^ 5 4 $30 and under $35 , _. , 1 2 $35 and under $40 . . . . 3 10 $40 and under $45... .......... ....... 2 8 ! $45 and under $50____________ 2 5 I $50 and under $55. _ , ......... . 1 5 i___ $55 and under $60...................... 1 $60 and under $65 _ 1 2 $65 qnf1 under $70 , , . 1 $70 and under $75 ' i $75 and under $80 ___ I___ $80 and under $85 ........... '" " I . . ___ |___ i 1 $85 and nnder $qo . -----!----$90 and under $95 ,. ...,, 1 $95 and under $100 $100 and $110 $110 nnfj vmder $120 $120 and under $130 . ,. $130 and over............................. 4 5 18 36 Total.................................. Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 46pot teries: $5 and under $7.50. ____ - ____ _ i $7.50 and under $10__________ 2 1 $12.50 and under $15_________ 1 $20 and under $25 . _ __ _ $25 and under $30..... .............. 2 3 4 $30 and under $35.......... ........... 3 $35 and under $40____________ 6 6 $40 and under $45 . . . 1 7 $45 and under $50.......... ........... 12 $50 and under $55.......... .......... * $55 and under $60....... ............ $60 and under $65........ ....... $65 and under $70. ______ ____ $70 and under $75.................... $75 and under $80..................... $80 and under $85...................... $85 and under $90.................... $90 and under $95..................... $95 and under $100.................... | $100 and under $110.................. $110 and under $120.................. Total..................................... i iiI 3 3 14 28 Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male, in 46 potteries: Under $2.60............................... 2 $2.50 and under $5.................... 13 $5 and under $7.50.................... 18 4 $7.50 and under $10................... 1 16 $10 and under $12.50................. 1 14 6 1 $12.50 and under $15................. 2 4 $15 and under $20...................... 1 27 10 $20 and under $25...................... 6 6 4 $25 and under $30...................... 9 18 $30 and under $35.................... 19 $35 and under $40...................... 9 $40 and under $45............. ........ $45 and under $50...................... $50 and under $55...................... $55 and under $60...................... $60 and under $65..................... $65 and under $70............ $70 and under $75............ $75 and under $80............. $80 and under $85..................... $85 and under $90................. $90 and under $95_ ................ Total_______ ___________ ~24~ ~36~~43~ ~24~ ~53~ 4 2 5 8 12 11 4 3 1 1 4 4 12 13 14 4 5 2 52 57 2 1 3 ’T 4 5 1 4 2 6 6 6 14 5 " V 8 8 9 15 12 7 13 18 17 3 11 13 5 10 4 1 4 13 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 83 85 84 1 1 2 1 4 4 3 3 9 6 6 2 7 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 49 18 1 1 1 1 4 3 ! 2 5 10 5 2 3 27 3 6 8 11 3 2 2 1 36 1 6 215 3 9 2 1 1 9 5 1 1 38 55 2 10 13 7 7 1 1 1 8 10 8 1 2 3 3 ’T 18 17 2 2 18 14 15 5 1 1 7 1 5 3 4 12 7 1 1 .... 2 9 7 2 1 19 6 9 3 1 1 2 40 ~31~“IF 34 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 9 3 1 1 1 2 1 4 5 13 9 26 34 43 45 47 39 47 53 31 32 25 16 8 12 3 2 1 500 1 2 1 1 5 7 12 10 17 14 17 12 29 8 24 13 3 8 7 5 1 197 2 13 22 17 22 6 38 18 36 41 38 34 26 27 18 22 8 12 2 1 2 1 406 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY T able 21 7 . — CLASSIFIED HOURS AN D EARNINGS IN TW O W EEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY K IN D OF W ARE AND B Y SEX—Continued Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Kind of ware, occupation, sex, and classified earnings in two s e m i v it r e o u s w a r e — 9 18 Un- and and der un der 27 27 and un der 36 36 and un der 45 45 54 and and un un der der 54 63 63 and un der 72 72 81 90 and and and un un un der der der 81 90 99 108 and and 117 un un and der der over 108 117 To tal continued Kiln placers, glost, male, in 45 potteries: $2.50 and under $5.................... $5 and under $7.50................. . $7.50 and under $10.................. $10 and under $12.50............... $12.50 and under $15............... $15 and under $20.................... . $20 and under $25.................... . $25 and under $30.................... $30 and under $35 ..................... $35 and under $40.................... $40 and under $45.................... $45 and under $50................... $50 and under. $55_ ................. $55 and under $60.................... $60 and under $65.................... $65 and under $70.................... $70 and under $75.................... $75 and under $80.................... $80 and under $85.................... $85 and under $90................... $90 and under $95.................. . $100 and under $110................ $110 and under $120......... ....... Total.. Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female, in 46 potteries: Under $2.50................................ $2.50 and under $5.................... $5 and under $7.50.................... $7.50 and under $10.................. $10 and under $12.50................ $12.50 and under $15................ $15 and under $20____________ $20 and under $25__.................. $25 and under $30..................... $30 and under $35.................... $35 and under $40..................... $40 and under $45..................... $45 and under $50.................... $50 and under $55..................... $55 and under $60..................... $60 and under $65..................... $65 and under $70.................... . $70 and under $75..................... $75 and under $80..................... Total.. 3 1 6 4 3 7 6 15 7 15 18 42 35 77 64 52 37 20 7 17 31 110 10 90 4 15 17 20 18 46 99 171 171 199 119 57 38 21 12 6 4 3 2 18 28 37 47 184 231 100 78 1,022 VITREOUS WARE Jigger men, in 7 potteries: $10 and under $12.50-.. $25 and under $30....... $30 and under $35....... $35 and under $40........ $40 and under $45........ $50 and under $55........ $55 and under $60........ $60 and under $65........ $65 and under $70........ $70 and under $75____ $75 and under $80........ $80 and under $85........ $85 and under $90........ $90 and under $95........ $95 and under $100...... $100 and under $110__ $110 and under $120.... $120 and under $130.... $130 and over............... Total........................................................... 7 11 12 3 9 5 5 7 2 3 1 2 2 .... 4 9 19 31 32 101 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 22 T able 7 . -C LA SSIF IE D HOURS AND EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SE LECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY KIND OF W ARE AN D BY SE X—Continued Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Kind of ware, occupation, sex, and classified earnings in two weeks Un and der un der 18 v it r e o u s w a r e 18 27 and and un un der der 27 36 36 and un der 45 45 and un der 54 54 63 and and un un der der 63 72 72 and un der 81 81 and un der 90 90 99 and and un der 108 and 117 un and der over 117 — continued Kiln placers, bisque, male, in 7 potteries: $12.50 and under $15............... $15 and under $20................... $35 and under $40.__________ $40 and under $45.................... $45 and under $50..... .............. $5© and under $55................... $55 and under $60— ............... $60 and under $65................... $65 and under $70. .................. $7-0 and under $75................... $75 and under $80................... $80 and under $85................... $85 and under $90................... $90 and under $95................... $95 and under $100................. Total. Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male, in 5 potteries: $15 and under $20.................. $30 and under $35.................. $35 and under $40.................. $40 and under $45.................. $45 and under $50.................. $50 and under $55.................. $55 and under $60........ ......... $60 and under $65.................. $65 and under $70.................. $75 and under $80.................. Total....................... ........... Kiln placers, glost, male, in 7 pot teries: $20 and under $25.................. . $35 and under $40.................. . $40 and under $45.................. . $45 and under $50................. . $50 and under $55.................. . $55 and under $60.................. . $60 and under $65.................. . $65 and under $70.................. . $70 and under $75.................. . $75 and under $80.................. . 180 and under $85.................. . $85 and under $90.................. . $90 and under $95.................. . Total.. Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female, in 7 potteries: Under $2.50............................. $2.50 and under $5.................. $5 and under $7.50............ ..... $7.50 and under $10............... . $10 and under $12.50............... $12.50 and under $15............... $15 and under $20.................. . $20 and under $25................... $25 and under $30.................. $30 and under $35.................. $35 and under $40.................. $40 and under $45.................. $45 and under $50.................. $50 and under $55................... $55 and under $60.................. $60 and under $65.................. $65 and under $70.................. Total- To tal 1 3 1 3 3 5 10 10 8 2 12 6 1 2 1 17 68 1 2 9 10 5 10 1 2 2 6 48 12 10 1 2 1 1 1 6 13 12 16 11 4 1 4 73 24 5 7 6 11 22 30 4? 75 111 150 4 1 6 8 5 14 16 85 88 97 72 42 24 6 2 2 1 1 474 COMPARISON OF HOURLY EARNINGS 23 COMPARISON OF HOURLY EARNINGS; 1912-13 AND 1925 In 1912-13 the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the United States Department of Commerce made a study of cost of production, wages, etc., in the pottery industry in the United States and in Europe, in the published report2 of which average hourly earnings by occupation are shown as of 1912-13. The occupation terms m that report differ to some extent from those in this study, and there is some difference T’h the classification of employees, such as the inclusion of foremen and possibly helpers in an occupation in one report and the exclusion of such employees from that occupation in the other report. In Table 8 tne hourly earnings in the two periods are brought into comparison. The occupational terms are given as shown in each report. The occupational items that may be fairly comparable are shown on the same line, while those appearing in one report and not in the other and not assumed to be comparable are shown on separate lines. In comparing rates it should be borne in mind that handles were generally pressed in 1912-13 and cast in 1925; that bench bosses were evidently included with journeymen placers in 1912-13, but are not included in 1925; that gilders ana liners were treated as separate occupations in the 1912-13 study and as one occupation in the present study; that female selectors and wrappers were con sidered as one occupation in 1912-13, the very few female selectors in the industry in 1925 being placed in the group of “ Other employees,” and that packers evidently included head packers in 1912-13, while head packers are shown as a separate occupation in 1925. While the comparison of the averages for some of the occupations for the two periods can not, for the reasons stated, be entirely satis factory, there is a sufficient number of occupations for whicn exact comparison is possible to show that hourly earnings in the pottery industry have, as a whole, more than doubled in the 12-year interval. By computation from the figures relating to the semivitreous ware it is seen that the earnings per hour of jigger men increased 98 per cent; of sagger makers, 112 per cent; of dippers, 98 per cent; of bisque-kiln placers, 120 per cent; of clay carriers, 171 per cent; of female finishers, 103 per cent; and of female dressers, 114 per cent. It is of interest to note that while the jigger men’s earnings per hour increased 98 per cent, the rate for jiggering a 7-inch plate,3 as shown on page 29, increased 61 per cent, and that while the bisquekiln placers’ earnings per hour increased 120 per cent, their average rate per kiln day, allowing for the change from 212 to 200 cubic feet of kiln space per kiln day, increased 68 per cent. The comparisons made appear to indicate that the increase in hourly earnmgs has been due to speeding up as well as to an increase in piece or wage rates. It was generally reported that there was a request or demand for speeding up during and immediately after the World W ar and that the habit thus acquired seems to have continued, the speed at which employees work being decidedly noticeable in the pottery industry. In many potteries changes in equipment and arrange ment have made work easier and helped to increase production. * Department of Commerce. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The pottery industry. Washington, 1915. 709 pp. Miscellaneous series, No. 21. 3This is trade size only; actual measurement is 9 inches. 24 T able THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 8.—COMPARISON OF AVERAGE HOU RLY EARNINGS OF P O T T E R Y W ORKERS IN 1925 AND IN 1912-13, BY KIND OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu reau of Labor Statistics 1925 study Average earnings per hour 1925 SEMIVITREOUS WARE Slip makers, m ale..................................... Laborers, slip house, male...................— Mold makers, male....... . . . ........................ Clay carriers, male___________________ Batters-out, male................. .................... Chp bailers, male.................... ................. . Jigger men......... ...................... ................ Mold runners, male.............. ................... . Finishers, male................. ........................ . Finishers, female_____________________ _ Dish makers, male............. ...................... . Dish makers’ helpers, male................... Turners, male....... ...... ........................ ..... Turners’ spongers, m ale........ .................. Turners’ spongers, female.,.................... . Handlers, male....... ...... ........... ............... . Handle casters and finishers, male........ . Handle casters and finishers, female------Stickers-up, male.............................. ......... Casters, male............................................. . Pressers, male.......................................... Laborers, sagger shop, male...... ................ Sagger makers, hand, male...... ................ . Sagger makers’ helpers, hand, male_____ Sagger makers, machine,1 male____ ____ _ Kiln placers, bisque, male_____________ _ Kiln placers, boss, bisque, maie.... ........... Firemen, bisque and glost ........................ Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male____ Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male. Laborers, kiln shed, male_____ ________ Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female. Brushers, female............. ..................... ..... Stampers, bisque, female______________ _ Glaze mixers, male........... ........................ Glaze mixers’ helpers, male....................... Ware boys.................... ............................ . Dippers, male................. .......................... Dippers’ helpers, male............................... Dippers’ helpers, female........................... Kiln placers, glost, male........................... Kiln placers, boss, glost, male.... .............. Pin boys........ .......................................... Dressers, female........................................ Dressers, forelady................ ............... ..... W arehousemen.......................................... Ware carriers, male................................... Dusters, female.......... ............................... Stampers, gold, female.............................. Gilders and liners, male........................... Gilders and liners, female......................... . Cutters, decalcomania, female............... Transferrers, decalcomania and print, fe male. Printers, male.................................. ......... Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male. Firemen, decorating.................................. . Burnishers, female.................................... . Wrappers, female...................................... . Straw boys............................. .................. . Packers, male__........................................ . Cents 74.6 57.5 106.4 61.4 56.5 34.0 90.2 47.1 54.4 52.4 81.3 53.2 94.2 35.4 31.7 95.5 52.8 36.7 59.3 90.3 64.9 54.8 96.1 79.3 62.9 105.2 127.3 53.1 71.8 82.7 50.5 45.9 32.0 33.0 52.5 50.0 50.8 123.3 36.8 38.4 104.2 124.7 58.7 34.8 48.8 58.5 32.6 24.8 40.2 75.9 52.8 34.8 37.5 1912-13 Cents Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu reau of Foreign and Domestic Com merce 1912-13 study SEMIVITREOUS WARE 22.63 28.64 51.45 22.63 23.19 16.34 45.66 18.74 19.51 25.78 44.43 Clay puggers, male. Slip makers, male. Mold makers, male. Clay carriers, male. Batters-out, male. Cup bailers, male. Jigger men. Mold runners, male. Finishers, male. Finishers, female. Dish makers, male. 49.87 Turners, male. 53.82 16.64 Handlers, male. Handle makers, male. 34.16 38.91 36.54 Stickers-up, male. Casters, male. Pressers, male. 45.28 31.22 Sagger makers, male. Sagger makers’ helpers, male 47.79 Placers, bisque, male. 26.63 31.87 Firemen, bisque and glost. Kiln drawers, male. 20.75 19.16 Odd men, kiln. Kiln drawers' helpers, female. 14.61 19.63 22.96 Ware brushers, female. Stampers, female. Glaze makers, male. 62.34 19.53 16.55 47.65 Dippers, male Dippers’ helpers, male. Dippers’ helpers, female. Placers, glost, male. 16.29 Ware dressers, female. 29.16 16.37 Warehousemen. Ware carriers, male. 16.25 38.03 39.80 29.27 27.26 Liners, male. Gilders, male. Liners, female. Gilders, female. 20.42 Transferrers, female. 68.5 77.2 42.90 .Printers, male. 30.92 Placers and drawers, decorating, male. 89.0 25.4 28.1 32.5 85.1 48.04 8.91 13.58 18.91 35.54 Firemen, decorating. Burnishers, female. Selectors and wrappers, female. Straw boys. Packers, male. i Includes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries. COMPARISON OF HOURLY EARNINGS 25 COMPARISON OF AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS OF PO TTE R Y W ORKERS IN 1925 AND IN 1912-13, BY KIND OF WARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX—Continued T a b l e 8 .— Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu reau of Labor Statistics 1925 study Average earnings per hour 1925 s e m iv it r e o u s w a r e 1912-13 s e m iv it r e o u s w a r e — — c o n t in u e d Packers, head, male_____ Other employees, male. _. Other employees, female.. Total, males... Total, females.. Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu reau of Foreign and Domestic Com merce 1912-13 study Cents 96.2 50.8 32.9 Cents continued 70.5 38.5 Grand total, males and females. 33. 50 29.56 32.86 51.76 19.63 25.47 31. 34 23. 57 26.95 17.85 28.35 16.85 34.14 30.63 37.01 11.21 27.45 22.06 49.32 20.57 31. 56 Tinters, female. Tinters, male. Stamp mounters, male. Engravers, male. Stampers, female. Jigger men, apprentices. Turners, apprentices, male. Handlers, apprentices,, male. Dish makers, apprentices, male. Pressers, apprentices, male Casters, apprentices, male Stickers-up, apprentices, male. Placers, bisque, apprentices, male. Placers, glost, apprentices, male. Dippers, apprentices, male. Warehousemen, apprentices. Packers, apprentices, male. Firemen, boiler. Foremen. Forewomen. Engineers, male. VITREOUS WARE ▼JTREOtJS WARE Slip makers, male................... Laborers, slip house, male___ Mold makers, male_________ Clay carriers, male.................. Batters-out, inale.___............ . Jigger men.......................... ..... Mold runners, male................ Finishers, male.. Finishers, female................. .............. Dish makers, male............................ Turners, male........................ .......... Turners’ spongers, male.................... Turners’ spongers, female.................. Handlers, male___________________ Handle casters and finishers, m ale... Handle casters and finishers, female _ Casters, male...................................... Pressers, male..................................... Laborers, sagger shop, male............... Sagger makers, hand, male................ Sagger makers’ helpers, hand, male.. Sagger makers, machine,1male......... Kiln placers, bisque, male. Kiln placers, boss, bisque, male................ Firemen, bisque and glost,........................ Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male____ Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, male' Laborers, kiln shed, male______ ____ ___ Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female. B rushers, female......................................... Stampers, bisque, female........................... Glaze mixers, male.............. •_.................... Glaze mixers’ helpers, male....................... Ware boys.........— ................................... Dippers, male............................................. Dippers’ helpers, male.................. ........... Dippers’ helpers, female............................ Kiln placers, glost, m ale........................... Kiln placers, boss, glost, male................... Dressers, male............................................ 72.7 50.6 101.4 46.3 41.4 89.8 39.8 47.8 39.5 82.1 85.7 29.2 27.3 92.2 36.5 39.7 81.5 88.7 48.1 26.30 19.05 42.20 21. 51 17.25 44.86 14.20 16. 66 19.20 41.22 44.35 Slip makers, male. Clay puggers, male. Mold makers, male. Clay carriers, male. Batters-out, male. Jigger men. Mold runners, male. Finishers, male. Finishers, female. Dish makers, male. Turners, male. 41.67 15.73 Handlers, male. Handle makers, male. 35.52 35.87 Casters, male. Pressers, male. 68.1 58.22 31.56 Sagger makers, male. Sagger makers’ helpers, male. 100.2 50.48 Placers, bisque, male 33.16 23.99 Firemen, bisque and glost. Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male. 20.48 Odd men, kiln. 53.37 13.61 Dippers, male. Dippers’ helpers, male. 101.0 93.5 124.9 62.7 67.8 81.0 48.2 30.0 28.5 27.2 55.1 47.6 47.2 91.7 36.9 33.0 96.4 107.8 50.3 42.03 Placers, glost, male. 15.05 Ware grinders and polishers, male. 1Indudes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries. 26 T THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 8.—COM PARISON OF AVERAGE HOU RLY EARNINGS OF P O T T E R Y W ORKERS IN 1925 AN D IN 1912-13, B Y K IN D OF W ARE, OCCUPATION, AND SEX—Continued able Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu reau of Labor Statistics 1925 study Average earnings per hour 1925 v it r e o u s w a r e — 1912-13 Kind of ware, occupation, and sex—Bu reau of Foreign and Domestic Com merce 1912-13 study continued Dressers, female........................................ W arehousemen.......................... .............. Ware carriers, male...................... .......... Stampers, gold, fem ale-.......................... Gilders and liners, male........................... Gilders and liners, female------- --------— Cutters, decalcomania, female-------------Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female. Printers, male________________________ Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male. Firemen, decorating.................................. Burnishers, female.................................... Wrappers, female— ................................. Straw boys.......... ..................................... Packers, male— ...........................- ......... Packers, head, male.................................. Other employees, male------------ -----------Other employees, female.......................... v it r e o u s w a r e — continued Cents 26.3 53.1 35.4 23.5 89.3 63.4 26.3 33.2 Cents 13.25 24.00 17.00 76.6 61.9 51.63 20.43 Printers, male. Placers and drawers, decorating, male. 55.3 44.8 23.8 35.4 65.4 114.4 51.7 28.3 40.89 20.79 12.12 Firemen, decorating. Burnishers, female. Selectors and wrappers, female. 49.48 45.77 25.83 26.91 25.26 16.92 50.10 30.82 Throwers, male. Engravers, male. Pressers, apprentices, male. Casters, apprentices, male. Printers, apprentices, male. Selectors and brushers, male. Foremen. Forewomen. Total, males.................................... Total, females_______ ____ ______ f>3. 8 32.9 Grand total, males and females___ 52.1 55.27 29.22 ‘ I6."l6 Ware dressers, female. Warehousemen. Ware carriers, male. Liners, male. Liners, female. Transferrers, female. PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911 SEMIVITREOUS WARE The National Brotherhood of Operative Potters was organized in December, 1890, by representatives of the employees ofpotteries at East Liverpool, Toronto, and Findlay, Ohio; New Cumberland, W . V a .; and Kittanning, Pa.4 The July, 1897, convention of this union was important in that it was the first one attended by delegates representing employees of eastern potteries, at which the question of consolidation of pottery employees of the two sections was dis cussed, and at which a committee was appointed to meet a committee of manufacturers to discuss a uniform wage list. This 1897 convention resulted in a joint meeting of the appointed committees in August, 1897, at which the following joint resolution was adopted: Resolved, That on December 25, 1897, the wages of the operative potters be advanced to an equivalent of the reduction of 1 2 ^ per cent made in the wages of operatives in 1894, based on the uniform working price list, to be agreed upon mutually, and both to take place simultaneously. Employees of eastern potteries in a convention in December, 1897, voted to join the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters, and in January, 1900, the Sanitary Pressers’ National Union also joined the * Department of Commerce. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. The pottery industry. Washington, 1915, p. 336. Miscellaneous series, No. 21. PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911 27 brotherhood. At a conference between representatives of the em ployees and of the employers in March, 1900, a uniform wage list, based on the average of the various prices paid by the different potteries throughout the country, was adopted. The wage list went into effect in M ay, 1900, and has been followed by other agree ments to date. To illustrate the changes in piece rates from a time shortly before the World War down to the present, the rates for a few occupations in the manufacture of semivitreous ware, as provided in the various agreements from 1911 to 1924, are presented in Table 9 (p. 29). This table shows rates per dozen for jiggering 7-inch3 plain-edge plates, ordinary turned teacups, and plain saucers; turning ordinary thin teacups; handling (making and putting handles on) ordinary thin teacups (open handle); making 10-inch5 oval dishes by hand; and casting 24-size jugs; rates per kiln day for journeymen and bench bosses for placing ware in bisque and glost kilns; rate per day or per kiln day for apprentice placers, by period of apprentice ship; and rates per kiln day for dipping ware. This table, showing in detail the changes since 1911 in the wage rates for the above specified work, illustrates the general trend of rates in the general-ware pottery industry between 1911 and 1924. In the presentation of figures as to wage rates the 1911 agreement is taken as the beginning of the period covered for two reasons: First, because of the brevity of the 1913 agreement, the important clause of which is “ Except as modified by the changes indicated below, the Atlantic City agreement of 1911 is reaffirmed in all its conditions and provisions” ; and second,because it seemed advisable to present rates for a year immediately preceding the beginning of the World War in order that comparison might oe made between wage rates of that year, when conditions were normal, and 1920, the year of peak rates in the industry, and the years since 1920. The following figures apply to semivitreous ware. Jiggering.— The basic rate for jiggering 7-inch plates, as shown in Table 9, was 4 % cents per dozen from October, 1911, to August, 1916; 5 cents per dozen from August, 1916, to January, 1920; and 5M cents per dozen from January, 1920, to October, 1924. There was no “ plusage” in wage rates for jiggering 7-inch plates between October, 1911, and November, 1916. In November, 1916, the basic rate of 5 cents per dozen was increased 10 per cent, making the actual rate 5.5 cents per dozen. The increases over and above the basic rates for jiggering plates and other articles of ware ranged from 10 per cent in November, 1916, to 69 per cent in September, 1920, the wage peak, when the actual rate for jiggering 7-inch plates was 8.873 cents per dozen. In August, 1921, the plusage percentage was reduced from 69 to 52, and in November, 1921, from 52 to 40; in January, 1923, it was increased from 40 to 46. The basic price per dozen for jiggering saucers was increased from 3 to cents in August, 1916, and to 3J^ cents in October, 1917. There has been no change in the basic rate of 2 cents per dozen for jiggering cups. Batters-out and mold runners, whose earnings were, prior to M ay, 1917, paid in full by the jigger men out of their earnings, were from that date to August, 1918, paid a bonus of 25 cents per day; since * This is-trade size only; actual measurement is 9 inches, i This is trade size only; actual measurement is 13 inches. 28 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY then they have been paid by the firm, in addition to the wages paid to them by the jigger men, a percentage of the basic rates of the jigger men. The increased rates in other industries made it neces sary to increase the rates of these helpers of the jigger men in order to keep them. In 1911 jigger men were not paid for the time con sumed in changing molds, but in 1920 they were paid for this work a rate of 70 cents per hour and in 1924 67 cents per hour. Casting.— Between 1911 and 1920 the work of casting jugs, creamers, cover dishes, and other articles of ware changed ma terially. In 1911 these articles were cast without handles, the han dles being made and stuck on after the ware had been formed. By 1920 they were cast complete, with handles attached. There was no change in the basic rate of 45 cents per dozen for casting 24-size jugs between October, 1911, and October, 1924. The plusage ranged from 5 per cent in November, 1916, to 63 per cent in September, 192°. Kiln placing.— The unit per kiln day of placing ware in bisque kilns was .212 cubic feet of kiln space from October, 1911, to August, 1918, and 200 cubic feet from August, 1918, to October, 1924, and that of placing in glost kilns, 162 cubic feet from October, 1911, to October, 1924. The rates of wages per kiln day of journeymen ranged from $2 as provided in the 1911, 1913, and 1915 agreements to $3.52 in the September, 1920, agreement. The August, 1921, agreement reduced this rate to $3.17 per kiln day. In November, 1921, the rate was reduced to $2.90, and in January, 1923, it was increased to $3.17. An optional scale of hourly rates, which was established by the August, 1921, agreement, continued in effect to and including the October, 1924, agreement. Apprentice Tciln placers.— For the entire period, 1911 to 1924, dur ing the first three months of apprenticeship, apprentice kiln placers have been paid a daily rate ranging from $1.25 under the 1911, 1913, and 1915 agreements to $4.50 per day under the October, 1924, agreement. Up to and including the October, 1915, agreement, daily rates were paid during the second three months, the second six months, and the second year’s apprenticeship. Since the adoption of the 1916 agreement apprentices have been paid kiln-day rates in the second three months, the second six months, and the second year’s apprenticeship. During the entire period 1911 to 1924 apprentices in the third year’s apprenticeship have been paid kiln-day rates, ranging from $1.70, under the 1911, 1913, and 1915 agreements, to $3.52 under the September, 1920, agreement. Since the August, 1918, agreement, the rates of apprentices in the third year’s apprenticeship have been the same as those of journeyman placers. Dipping.— Dippers’ wages are based on a kiln day of 162 cubic feet, and during a pay period they are paid for as many kiln days as were placed during that period, the earnings of each dipper being that proportion of the total earnings for all dipping that his placed ware is of the total ware placed in the kilns during the period. The agreements from October, 1911, to October, 1924, made no change in the basic rate of 65 cents per kiln day for hooking ware, and 45 cents for ware thrown on grid. In November, 1916, these rates were increased 5 per cent. The increases over and above the basic rates ranged from 5 per cent in November, 1916, to 63 per cent 29 PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911 in September, 1920. In August, 1921, the percentage was reduced to 47 and in November, 1921, to 35; in January, 1923, it was increased to 41. The August, 1921, to October, 1924, agreements provide for an optional basic rate of 70 cents per hour for dipping, and the same percentage increase of the basic hourly rate as for the kiln-day rates. T able 9 .— WAGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS UNDER AGREEM ENTS BE TW EEN THE UNITED STATES P O TTE R S’ ASSOCIATION AND THE N ATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS, 1911 TO 1924—SEMIVITKEOUS WARE Jiggering Date when agreement went into effect October, 1911............ . November, 1913______ October, 1915. ............. August, 1916................. November, 1916______ May, 1917..................... October, 1917............... August, 1918____ ____ October, 1919__............ January, 1920________ September, 1920- ......... August, 1921................. November, 1921______ January, 1923________ October, 1924__ ______ 7-inch plain-edge plates (per dozen) Ordinary turned teacups (per dozen) Base rate Plusage Actual rate Base rate Plusage Actual rate Cents Per cent Cents 4.75 4.75 4.75 5.0 5.5 5.75 6.375 7.0 7.25 8.138 8.873 7.98 7.35 7.665 7.665 Cents Per cent 1 10 15 27K 40 45 55 (59 52 40 46 46 Cents 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.55 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.38 3.04 2.8 2.92 2.92 m 4M 5 5 *5 15 26 *5 10 15 27H 40 45 55 69 52 40 46 46 «5W 2 2 2 2 2 <2 1:2 j :2 2:2 3;2 4 •2 < 2 2;2 b ;2 6■ 2 3 Plain saucers (per dozen) Base rate Plusage Actual rate Cents Per cent 3 3 3 3% 10 m 15 n x 1314 27^ *3} 40 *3} 45 55 >3H 69 <3*4 52 33H 40 23H 46 *314 46 Cents 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.25 3.575 3.738 4.463 4.9 5.075 5.425 5.915 5.32 4.9 5.11 5.11 1i Turning Date when agreement went into effect Handling Dish making Ordinary thin tea 10-inch oval dishes Ordinary thin tea cups—open handle per dozen) cups (per dozen) (per dozen) Casting 24-size jugs (per dozen) Base Plus- Actual Base Plus Actual Base Plus Actual Base Plus Actual rate rate age rate age rate rate age rate rate age rate Cents October, 1911................ ' 3H November, 1913.......... 3K 3y2 October, 1915 ___ August, 1916.................. 3H November, 1916_______ 3M May, 1917........ ............. 3M October, 1917__............ m August, 1918. ............... 3'A October, 1919_________ m January, 1920. .............. 3a September, 1920______ 3H August, 1921_ ............... 3H November, 1921J______ 3H January, 1923_________ 3x October, 1924_________ Per Per Cents Cents cent Cents Cents cent 3.5 4.0 18 4 4 8 4.0 3.5 4 4.0 8 3.5 3.5 4 4.0 8 4.2 8 10 5 3.675 4 5 4 4.4 8 15 10 10 3.85 22^ 4.288 4 22H 4.9 8 27M e : 8 40 5.4 35 4.725 4 35 5.6 6 20 45 4 40 40 4.9 6.0 *20 55 50 5.25 4 50 6.52 *20 4 69 63 5.705 63 5.88 7 20 52 5.145 4 47 47 5.4 4 35 35 4.725 «20 40 5.64 #20 4.935 4 41 46 41 4.935 5.64 »20 4 41 46 41 Per cent Per Cents Cents cent 45 18.0 18.0 45 18.0 45 18.0 45 19.8 45 5 20.7 45 10 22.95 45 2214. 25.2 45 35 29.0 45 40 31.0 50 45 33.8 45 63 30.4 47 45 28.0 35 45 29.2 41 45 29.2 41 45 Cents 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 47.25 49.5 55.125 60.75 63.0 67.5 73.35 66.15 60.75 63.45 63.45 i In addition, 25 cents per day paid to each batter-out and mold runner. The 25 cents is not paid for work of less than 11 full days. 1 In addition, 10 per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner. •In addition, 1134 per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner. * In addition, 12V£ per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner. * In addition, 10% per cent of base rate is paid to each batter-out and to each mold runner. 6In addition, 15 per cent of base rate is paid to helper. 11n addition, 17% per cent of base rate is paid to helper. » In addition, 19 per cent of base rate is paid to helper. •In addition, 16 per cent of base rate is paid to helper. 86315°— 26------ 3 30 T THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 9.—W AGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS U NDER AGREEM EN TS BE TW E E N THE U N ITED STATES POTTE R S’ ASSOCIATION AND THE NATIO N AL BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS. 1911 to 1924—SEMIVITAEOUS WARE—Con. able Kiln placing Date when agreement went into effect Cubic feet per kiln day Rate per kiln day Optional scale—Rate per hour Apprentices—Rate during— First Second Next Second Third 3 3 mos. 6 mos. year year (per (per (per (per Bench mos. Bisque oiost J°uvr; Bench Jour (per ney kiln kiln kiln kiln kiln kll“ men boss men day) day) day) day) day) October, 1911............ . November, 1913------October, 1915............ . November, 1916------May, 1917................. . October, 1917_.......... August, 1918............. October, 1919............ January, 1920......... September, 1920........ August, 1921............. November, 1921____ January, 1923............ October, 1924............ 162 $2.00 $2.50 162 2.00 2.50 162 2.00 2.50 162 122.20 1*2.75 162 2.35 2.90 162 14 2. 60 i« 3. 25 162 2.90 3.50 162 3.05 3.65 162 3.35 4.00 162 3.52 4.20 162 3.17 3.78 $0.90 162 2.90 .85 3.50 162 3.17 3.78 .90 162 3.17 3.78 .90 212 212 212 212 212 212 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 $1.11 1.05 1.11 1.11 $1.25 w $1.25 io $1.35 io $1.50 1.25 ie 1.25 io 1.35 io 1.50 1.25* io 1. 25 io 1.35 ioi. 50 1. 75 1.50 1.60 1.70 2.05 1.77 1.88 2.00 2.20 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.25 3.50 2.25 2.50 3.70 2.40 2.40 2.65 4.05 2.65 2.65 2.90 4.25 2.80 2.80 3.05 3.80 2.50 2.50 2.75 2.25 2.50 3.50 2.25 2.50 2.75 3.80 2.50 2.50 4.50 2.50 2.75 ii $1.70 ii 1.70 ii 1.70 1.80 2.10 2.25 102.90 i« 3.05 i«3.35 183.52 i«3.17 “ 2.90 io 3.17 ifi 3.17 Ware thrown on grid Date when agreement went into effect Hooking ware (per kiln day) Rate per kiln day Base rate October, 1911___ November, 1913. October, 1915__. November, 1916. May, 1917_____ October, 1917. August, 1918— October, 1919__. January, 1920... September, 1920. August, 1921— November, 1921. January, 1923_— October, 1924_._ Plusage Cents Per cent 65 06 65 65 5 65 10 65 22M 65 35 65 40 65 50 65 63 65 47 65 35 65 41 41 65 Actual rate Base rate Cents 65.0 65.0 65.0 68.25 71.5 79.625 87.75 91.0 97.5 105.95 95.55 87.75 91.65 91.65 Cents Per cent 45 45 45 45 5 45 10 22^ 45 35 45 40 45 45 50 45 63 45 47 35 45 41 45 41 45 Plusage Actual rate Cents 45.0 45.0 45.0 47.25 49.5 55.125 60.75 63.0 67.5 73.35 66.15 60.75 63.45 63.45 Optional scale— Rate per hour rate Plusage Actual rate Cents Per cent Cents 102.9 94.5 98.7 98.7 10 Per day. 11 Per day—$2 minus 15 per cent. 12$2 plus 10 per cent. 13$2.50 plus 10 per cent, u $2 plus 30 per cent. i* $2.50 plus 30 per cent. i« Paid journeyman’s rate during third year of apprenticeship, but not permitted to leave plant and seek employment elsewhere as a journeyman. Rates are quoted below for a few important operations for 1911, for 1920, the year in which the wage scale was at the peak, and for years since 1920. Changes in rates between 1911 ana 1920 for all work other than specified above have been too numerous to permit of detailed enumeration. Mold making.— The basic rates (p. 124) per dozen or per single mold were the same during the entire period 1911 to 1924. The actual rates have varied from time to time bv a percentage decrease or increase of the basic rates. For example, the basic rate for making bakers, 3, 4, 5, and 6 inch molds, is 40 cents per dozen. The rate 31 PIECE-RATE CHANGES SINCE 1911 actually paid in 1911 was 40 cents minus 10 per cent, or 36 cents per dozen; in 1920 it was 40 cents plus 45 per cent, or 58 cents per dozen; and in 1924 it was 40 cents plus 25 per cent, or 50 cents per dozen. Decorating.— This line of work includes stampers, gilders, liners, decalcomania and print transferrers, etc. The agreements prior to 1919 made no reference to any of these workers as they were unor ganized. The October, 1919, agreement in referring to them read, “ Dacorators, add 5 per cent to present wages.” In January, 1920, the plusage was increased from 5 to 15 per cent. The September, 1920, agreement as to “ decorators” read, “ Add 5 per cent to wages paid prior to September 15, 1920.” The 1921 agreement did not refer to “ decorators” as such. It stated that, “ Except as modified by changes indicated below, the 1919 agreement and its supplements are hereby rsafflrmed,” and “ The following scale of plusages and wages shall apply effective on the days as noted in the column head ings of August 11, 1921, and November 3, 1921.” The plusage as of August 11 was 43 per cent for “ decalcomania transferrers and stampers,” 30 per cent for gold gilders, and 26 per cent for color gilders, and as of November 3 it was 32 per cent for decalcomania transferrers and stampers, 20 per cent for gold gilders, and 16 per cent for color gilders. The 1922 agreement increased the plusage of decalcomania transferrers and stampers to 37 per cent, of gold gilders to 25 per cent, and of color gilders to 21 per cent. VITREOUS WARE While there were agreements between the union and some vitreous potteries, there appears to have been no uniform scale until 1918, when a scale became effective in February of that year in the clay shops. The casting scale did not come into effect until June, 1919. The kiln-placing scale became effective in September, 1920. A scale was reached for dippers in August, 1921. The rate was made 70 cents per hour with a plusage of 47 per cent, making the actual price $1,029 per hour. In November, 1921, the plusage was reduced to 35 per cent, making the actual price 94.5 cents. T 1 0 .— W AGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS U NDER AGREEM ENTS BE TW EEN UNITED STATES POTTERS’ ASSOCIATION AND NATION AL BROTHER HOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS, 1918 TO 1924—VITREOUS W ARE able Jiggcring Date when agreement went into effect 7-inch plates (per dozen) Base rate February,1918........... August, 1918............... October, 1919.............. January, 1920............... September, 1920. ......... August, 1921................ November, 1921........... January, 1923....... ........ October, 1924............... In addition, In addition, In addition, In addition, Plus age Cents Per cent 17 27'A 17 40 17 45 '7 55 =7 69 ■7 52 ‘7 40 *7 46 <7 46 Actual rate Cents 8.925 9.8 10.15 10.85 11.83 10.64 9.8 10.22 10.22 Ordinary turned teacups (per dozen) Plain saucers (per dozen) Base rate Base rate Plus age Cents Per cent 13 27M 13 40 45 13 53 55 69 53M 52 S3K 40 J3K 46 <3M 46 Actual rate Cents 3.825 4.2 4.35 4.65 5.915 5.32 4.9 5.11 5.11 Plus age Cents Per cent 14K 27M 14M 40 14^ 45 '4H 55 54 ^ 69 52 ny2 40 J4M 46 46 10 per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 10 per cent to mold runner. 11^ per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 11y<i per cent to mold runner. 12j^ per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 12K per cent to mold runner. 10% per cent of base rate is paid to batter-out and 10^ per cent to mold runner. Actual rate Cents 5.419 5.9.5 6.163 6.588 7.605 6.84 6.3 6.57 6.57 32 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 10.—W AGE RATES FOR SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS U N D E R A G R E E M E N TS BE TW E E N U N ITED STATES PO TTE R S’ ASSOCIATION AND NATIO N AL B R O T H E R HOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS, 1918 TO 1924—VITREOUS WARE—Continued T able Date when agreement went into effect Turning Handling Dish making Casting O r d in a r y ovide te a cu p s (p e r dozen) Ordinary b lo c k handle teacups (per dozen) q4I1rlicV taQ lvrlilvU a Utvt< uioligo /rkOI* 24-size Jugs Base Plus- Actual Base Plus- Actual Base Plus- Actual Base Plus- Actual rate age rate rate age rate rate age rate rate age rate Per Cents cent February, 1918____ ___ May, 1918.......... ........... August, 1918........... ...... September, 1918______ June, 1919___________ October, 1919................. January, 1920................ September, 1920............ August, 1921.................. November, 1921............ January, 1923................ October, 1924................. Per Cents Cents cent 4 4 4 22y2 4.90 35 5.40 35 5.40 4H 4H 4M 4 4 4X 4M 4M 4M 4M 40 50 63 47 35 41 41 4M 4M 4K 5.60 6.00 6.928 6.248 5.738 5.993 5.993 m m Per Per Cents Cents cent Cents Cents cent 27M 29.325 23 22V2 5.513 40 32.30 35 6.075 *23 6.075 *23 50 34:50 35 55 35 40 6.30 55 •23 55 35.65 40 723 65 37.95 50 6.75 55 50 81 41.63 55 63 7.335 •23 63 47 6.983 *23 63 37.49 55 47 35 6.413 *23 50 34.50 55 35 41 6.698 «23 56 35.88 55 41 41 6.698 *23 56 35.88 55 41 Cents 74.25 77.00 82.50 89.65 80.85 74.25 77.55 77.55 Kiln placing Date when agreement went into effect Cubic feet per kiln day Glost Bisque September, 1920._____ August, 1921_________ November, 1921.......... January, 1923...... ......... October, 1924............... •In addition, •In addition, 7In addition, 1In addition, •In addition, 130 130 130 130 130 112 112 112 112 112 Rate per kiln day Journey man Bench boss * $3. 52 93.17 •2.90 •3.17 *3.17 •$4.20 *3.78 •3.50 •3.78 •3.78 Optional scale—Rate per hour Journey man $0.90 .85 .90 .90 Bench boss $1.11 1.05 1.11 1.11 15 per cent of base rate is paid to helper. 17)4 per eeat of base rate is paid to helper. 19 per cent of base rate is paid to helper. 16 per cent of base rate is paid to helper. 25 cents per kiln day for bisque kiln placing in flint. GENERAL TABLES In the preceding text tables data are presented for each of the specified occupations in the manufacture of semivitreous and vitreous ware for the United States as a whole. In the following seven general tables data are shown for each of the specified occupations in the manufacture of semivitreous w^are for the wage earners of five separate roups of potteries in different localities in the United States. No ata are shown by geographical groups for vitreous potteries because of the very small number of such potteries and of the wage earners in the industry. Data are presented by geographical groups in order that the figures for the wage earners in one or more localities may be compared with the figures for wage earners in other localities. Group 1 includes 2,194 male and 1,083 female employees of 5 East Liverpool (Ohio) and 6 near-by West Virginia potteries. These 11 potteries are operated by four arge companies in East Liverpool, Ohio. f GENERAL TABLES 33 Group 2 includes 1,037 male and 531 female employees of 11 potteries of smaller companies in East Liverpool, Ohio. Group' 3 includes 2,794 male and 1,729 female employees of 18 potteries, of which 15 are in Ohio outside East Liverpool, 2 are in Pennsylvania, and 1 is in W est Virginia. Group 4 includes 228 male and 193 female employees of 3 Trenton, N. J., potteries. Group 5 includes 413 male and 193 female employees of 3 potteries, 1 each m Maryland, Tennessee, and Virginia. T a b l e A .— Average earnings and average number of hours and of days worked by employees in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— Semivitreous ware. In comparing averages for one occupation with the averages for another an explanation is sometimes necessary in order to remove doubt in the mmd of the reader as to the accuracy of the figures. For example, it is very unusual to show a higher average earning per hour for the “ helpers” of an occupation than for the major occupation, as is shown for the four hand sagger makers’ helpers of Group 2, whose average is 89.3 cents. The average for the 18 hand sagger makers of Group 2 is 85.8 cents, or 3.5 cents per hour less than that for helpers. The explanation is that in four potteries employing four hand sagger makers, there were also four helpers. The earnings of the four sagger makers who had these helpers ranged from $1.04 to $1.46 per hour, and those of the four helpers ranged from 77 cents to $1.09 per hour. Fourteen of the 18 hand sagger makers in Group 2 had no helpers. Their earnings ranged from 52 to 89 cents per hour, and collectively they earned an average of 76 cents per hour, or 1 cent per hour less than any of the helpers in Group 2. Beading the averages for slip makers, male, by way of explaining Table A, it is seen that the average days worked in two weeks ranged from 7.8 for Group 2 to 12 for Group 5; that the hours worked in two weeks ranged from 66.7 for Group 2 to 121.8 for Group 5; that the hours worked per day ranged from 8 for Group 4 to 10.2 for Group 5; that the earnings in two weeks ranged from $45.52 for Group 2 to $75.97 for Group 5; that the earnings per day ranged from $5.85 for Group 2 to $7.60 for Group 1; and that the average earnings per hour ranged from 62.4 cents for Group 5 to 82.8 cents for Group 4. T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— Semivitreous ware. T a b l e C.— Average and specified number of days on which em ployees worked in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographi cal group— Semivitreous ware. T a b l e D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— Semi vitreous ware. T a b l e E .— Average and classified earnings in two weeks, 1925, by occupation, sex, and geographical group— Semivitreous ware. T a b l e F.— Specified days worked and classified earnings in two weeks in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical group— Semivitreous ware. T a b l e G.— Classified hours worked and classified earnings in two weeks in five selected occupations, 1925, by sex and geographical group— Semivitreous ware. 34 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E T a b le [Geographical groups are defined on page 32] Occupation, sex, and geographical group Number of— Average Average hours Average earnings— worked— number of days Estab Em worked Per lish ploy in two In two Per In two Per weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees Slip makers, male: Group 1__________ __________________ Group 2___ ____ ______ _____________ Group 3_________ ____ ____ ________ Group 4__________ _______________ __ Group 5____________________________ Total................ ............ ............... . Laborers, slip house, male: Group 1.......................................... ....... Group 2. . . .................... : _______ ______ Group 3 ...______ _______________ _ . Group 4__________________________ . Group 5.. ____________ ____________ . Total_________________________ Mold makers, male: Group 1_______ _______ ___________ _ Group 2.......... ......... ........................... ... Group 3______________________ ______ Group 4................... ............................... Group 5_______ _______ _______ ______ Total..................... ......................... Clay carriers, male: Group 1______________ _ __ ___ _ Group 2__________________________ . Group 3.............................. ...................' Group 4................ ......................... Group 5.................... .......................... . Total.............................................. Batters-out, male: Group 1........ .................................... _ Group 2..................... ............................ Group 3............... .............. ..................... Group 4 ...______ ____________ ______ Group 5 .................... ............... ............ 11 11 18 3 3 15 14 19 3 3 9.1 7.8 10.2 8.7 12.0 84.0 66.7 92.2 69.7 121.8 9.3 8.6 9.0 8.0 10.2 $68.91 i! 45.52 ] 68.57 |57.76 j|75.97 $7.60 5.85 6.72 6.67 6.33 $0,820 .682 .743 .828 .624 46 54 9.3 83.7 9.0 62.50 6.74 .746 11 11 18 3 3 49 25 50 5 7 8.1 8.0 9.9 6.8 12.0 69.3 68.7 85.7 49.4 117.1 8.5 8.5 8.7 7.3 9.8 41.30 40.31 49.50 36.15 46.68 5.08 5.01 5.01 5.32 3.89 .596 .587 .577 . 732 .398 136 8.9 76.9 8.6 44.22 4.96 .575 11 11 18 3 3 31 17 38 4 4 9.9 10.7 10.7 11.0 10.5 83.9 86.2 86.5 90.5 87.9 8.5 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.4 91.68 89.98 92.84 83.02 87.18 9.29 8.40 8.67 7.55 8.30 1.093 1.044 1.074 .918 .992 46 94 10.4 85.8 8.2 91.28 8.75 1.064 10 3 12 3 3 21 6 14 3 4 7.8 9.8 9.1 7.3 10.0 68.3 95.6 79.8 54.1 81.2 8.7 9.7 8.7 7.4 8.1 42.17 55.29 54.40 37.12 31.69 5.40 5.62 5.95 5.06 3.17 .617 .578 .681 .686 .390 31 48 8.6 75.3 8.7 46.19 5.37 .614 U U 18 3 3 117 56 162 8 14 7.9 7.4 8.4 5.6 10.3 65.7 63.5 65.7 51.7 82.6 8.3 8.5 7.9 9.2 8.0 39.71 36.47 36.03 29.56 35.55 5.01 4.91 4.30 5.26 3.46 .604 .574 .548 .572 .430 46 i Total........... - ....................................... 46 357 8.1 65.7 8.1 37.14 4.59 .565 Cup bailers, male: Group 1............... ................................... Group 2............................... _........ Group 3__________ ____________ Group 5.......... ........... ... 11 U 18 2 22 13 32 3 7.4 7.2 8.7 11.7 58.8 53.9 66.6 89.5 8.0 7.5 7.6 7.7 20.00 17.54 23.90 20.52 2.72 2.43 2.74 1.76 .340 .325 .359 .229 Total.................................................... 42 70 8.1 62.8 7.7 21.35 2.62 .340 Jigger men: Group 1........ .......................................... Group 2............... ................................... Group 3______ ____________________ Group 4_______ ______ ___ _______ _ _ Group 5............................................ U U 18 3 3 156 87 211 19 27 8.2 7.8 9.0 7.3 11.3 67.0 65.3 70.1 63.9 93.6 8.2 8.4 7.8 8.8 8.3 63.97 54.58 63.76 57.01 74.32 7.80 7.03 7.08 7.85 6.56 .955 .836 .909 892 .794 Total.............. .................................. . ' 46 500 8.6 69.3 8.1 62.54 7.27 .902 U 11 14 3 3 137 64 102 10 31 7.8 7.6 8.2 5.6 11.3 64.0 63.3 61.0 48.2 88.2 8.2 8.3 7.4 8.6 7.8 35.22 33.55 25.30 19.45 23.63 4.50 4.41 3.07 3.47 2.09 .551 .530 .415 .404 .268 42 344 8.2 64.7 7.9 30.47 3.73 .471 Mold runners, male: Group 1........................................ ......... Group 2.................................................. Group 3................................................... Group 4........ .......................................... Group 5................................................... Total.................................................... 1 1= 35 GENERAL TABLES A .—AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le Occupation, sex, and geographical group hours Average earnings— Number of— Average Average worked— number of days Estab• Em worked two In two Per In two Per Per lish ploy in weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees Finishers, male: Group 1________________ ___________ Group 2____________________________ Group 3____________________________ Group 5____________________________ 5 7 14 2 12 7 41 6 6.3 8.0 9.2 10.7 59.0 63.1 65.2 85.7 9.3 $34.56 7.9 31.36 7.1 35.68 8.0 43.77 $5.46 3.92 3.88 4.10 $0,586 .497 .547 .511 Total_________________ ___________ 28 66 8.7 65.7 7.6 35.75 4.12 .544 Finishers, female: Group 1______ __ ___________________ Group 2_____________________ ____ __ Group 3____________________________ Group 4____________________________ Group 5____________________________ 11 11 16 3 3 108 52 113 10 8 8.0 7.6 8.3 5.8 10.9 61.9 60.8 56.2 48.8 79.3 7.8 8.0 6.8 8.4 7.3 34.39 4.32 29.46 3.87 29.28 v 3.54 20.80 3.59 39.35 3.62 .556 .485 .521 .427 .496 59.5 | 7.4 |31.19 3.89 .524 9.1 9.2 8.4 8.7 8.7 60.05 62.67 64.86 72.41 89. 65 7.02 6.96 7. 33 6.03 8.46 .770 .758 .874 .692 .974 78.3 8.8 63. 66 7.18 .813 7.4 11.0 9.1 12.0 11.7 63.4 94.2 76.5 115.8 102.4 8.6 8.6 8.4 9.7 8.8 39.03 50.24 40.45 37.00 50.00 5.29 4.57 4.45 3.08 4.29 .616 .533 .529 .320 .488 Total..................................... 1............. 44 291 8.0 Dish makers, male: Group 1______ _____________________ Group 2................................................... Group 3___________ _____ ______ _____ Group 4____________________________ Group 5____________________________ 10 10 17 2 3 51 19 47 2 5 8.5 9.0 8.9 12.0 10.6 78.0 82.7 74.2 104.6 92.1 Total_________________ - ......... - ........ 42 124 8.9 Dish makers' helpers, male: Group 1............................ .......... ........... Group 2.................. ................................ Group 3 __________________________ _ Group 4 ___________________________ Group 5____________________________ 5 3 12 1 2 8 3 24 1 3 Total_____________________________ 23 39 9. 2 78.2 8.5 41. 56 4.54 .532 Turners, male: Group 1.......... ................... ................. . Group 2........................................ ......... Group 3_______ ____ ____ '___________ Group 4____________________________ Group 5................................................... 11 11 18 3 3 69 29 51 7 6 8.0 7.7 9.1 8.9 11.0 65.3 58.9 72.5 66.8 78.9 8.2 7.6 8.0 7.5 7.2 60.63 54.34 71.14 40.24 92.21 7.58 7.04 7.85 4.54 8.38 .928 ,922 .982 .602 1.169 Total......... ................ - ........................ 46 162 8.4 67.0 7.9 63.10 7.48 .942 Turners’ spongers, male: Group 1................................................... Group 2_________ ____ ____________ _ Group 3................................................... Group 5....... ............................................ 11 9 9 2 24 9 12 2 7.8 8.4 9.4 11.5 65.9 63.0 75.8 101.1 8.5 7.5 8.0 8.8 24.15 23.10 26.43 23.88 3.10 2.74 2.81 2.08 .367 .367 .349 .236 Total.................................................... 31 47 8.5 69.4 8.2 24.52 2.89 .354 Turners’ spongers, female: Group 2................................................... Group 3________ _______ ______ ______ 2 3 2. 3 7.5 8.0 53.9 66.4 7.2 8.3 17.30 20.87 2.31 2.61 .321 .314 Total.................................................... 5 5 7.8 61.4 7.9 19.44 2.49 .317 Handlers, male: Group 1................................................... Group 2................................................... Group 3................................................... Group 4............. .................................... Group 5............................ ................. 11 11 18 3 3 47 24 51 6 7 8.2 7.5 9.2 9.0 11.4 69.7 59.9 75.9 72.2 87.5 8.5 8.0 8.2 8.0 7.7 66.51 62.35 73.82 43.92 77.61 8.10 8.31 7.99 4.88 6.79 .954 1.041 .972 .609 .887 46 135 | 8.7 71.3 8.2 68.10 7.85 .955 11 11 15 3 40 41 17 37 7 102 | 8.2 8.1 10.0 10.9 67.9 65.5 82.7 90.3 74.4 8.3 8.1 8.2 8.3 35.79 33.08 45. 21 43.41 39.27 4.38 4.07 4.51 4.00 4.35 .527 .505 .547 .481 Total.................................................... Handle casters and finishers, male: Group 1_____ __________ __________ _ Group 2................................................... Group 3____________________________ Group 5______________________________ Total__ ...______ ___ __ ____ 9.0 8.2 .528 36 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued T a b le Occupation, sex, and geographical group Handle casters and finishers, female: Group 1.................................................. Group 2.................. ......... ........... Group 3..... .............. .............................. hours Number of— Average Average worked— ’ Average earnings— number of days Estab• Em worked Per lish ploy in two In two Per In two► Per weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees 2 2 3 3 2 5 9.0 5.0 8.2 82.7 48.1 69.0 9.2 $34.05 9.6 21.62 8.4 21.57 $3.78 4.32 2.63 $0,412 .449 .313 7 10 7.8 68.9 8.8 25.32 3. 9H 1 Stickers-up, male: Group 1................................................... 5 5 7.8 71.2 9.1 42.23 5.41 . 593 Casters, male: Group 1............................... ............ ...... Group 2............... ............ Group 3....................................... .......... Group 4____ ___ _________ _ _ . Group 5............... ............................ 11 11 18 3 3 84 41 107 9 9 8.1 9.0 9.3 9.4 11.9 75.9 83.3 79.4 84.1 108.3 9.4 9.3 8.5 8.9 9.1 67.43 65.43 78.70 52.02 92.96 8.35 7.27 8.44 5.51 7.82 .889 .785 .991 .618 .858 Total......... ...... ................... .............. 46 250 8.9 80.1 9.0 72.29 8.08 | .903 Pressers, male: Group 1........ ...... .............. .................... Group 2_________ __________________ Group 3_____ ____ ______ _____ ______ Group 4________ _______ Group 5_______ __________ _______ 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 5 1 9.5 8.7 8.0 9.0 12.0 92.3 81.7 71.3 72.1 111.6 9.7 9.4 8.9 8.0 9.3 60.75 38.10 59.43 54. 56 63.43 6.39 4.40 7.43 6.06 5.29 .658 .466 .834 .757 . 568 12 9.2 81.1 8.8 52.62 5.74 .649 Total................................................. Total...................... ............................ 9 1 ! 3ft7 Laborers, sagger shop, male: Group 1................................. ...... ........... Group 2____________________ ________ Group 3________ _______ _. Group 4__________ ______________ Group 5_____ ______________________ 7 1 12 3 2 26 5 34 6 6 9.8 6.0 9.8 9.8 7.5 81.4 54.0 87.1 89. 5 61.9 8.3 9.0 8.9 9.1 8.3 48.35 24.30 49.91 37.04 22.22 4.91 4.05 5.11 3. 77 2.96 .594 .450 .573 .414 .359 Total.................................................... 25 77 9.4 81.3 8.7 44.56 4.75 .548 11 10 18 3 2 33 18 40 4 3 8.6 7.9 8.7 6.8 11.3 67.2 67.6 74.0 59.4 110.3 7.8 68.06 8. 6 57.96 8.5 73.24 8.8 53.13 9.7 86.56 7.88 7.35 8.44 7.87 7.64 1.013 . 858 .990 .895 .785 44 98 8.5 71.0 8.3 68.27 8.01 .961 7 4 13 17 4 20 7.9 9.0 8.7 61.0 70.5 72.9 7.7 7.8 8.4 49.35 62.99 55.45 6.21 7.00 6.41 .809 .893 .761 8.1 53.65 6.39 .793 8.7 48.21 8.5 24. 51 8.3 48.20 10.4 128.67 5.27 5.25 5.06 10.72 .606 .616 .611 1.033 Sagger makers, hand, male: Group 1_____ ____________________ _ Group 2_____ __________ '___________ Group 3 ..._____________________ ____ Group 4............. ............... ......... ........ Group 5..... ............................................. Total................................................. Sagger maker’s helpers, hand, male: Group 1........ ......................... ...... ......... Group 2....................... .......... ................ Group 3...........................................___ Total.............................................. 24 41 8.4 67.7 Sagger makers, machine,1male: Group 1................................................. Group 2...................................... ............ Group 3........................................... . Group 5....................................... . . 6 3 7 1 14 6 15 1 9.1 4.7 9.5 12.0 79.5 39.8 78.8 124.5 Total.................................................... 17 36 8.6 73.9 8.5 46.49 5.38 .629 Kiln placers, bisque, male: Group 1................................................... Group 2................................................... Group 3................................................... Group 4................................................... Group 5.......... ......... ............................. 11 11 18 3 3 69 34 76 10 8 9.0 8.5 9.4 7.0 11.3 57.5 54.4 64.2 49.4 71.3 6.4 6.4 6.9 7.1 6.3 60.78 58.32 66.62 47.29 82.81 6.79 6.89 7.11 6.76 7.36 1.057 1.073 1.037 .958 1.162 46 197 9.0 59.7 6.6 62.82 6.96 1.052 —a Total.................................................... | 1Includes operators, weighers, and finishers as found in various potteries- 37 GENERAL TABLES A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le Occupation, sex, and geographical group hours Number of— Average Average worked— ’ Average earnings— number of days Estab■ Em worked two In two Per In two Per Per lish ploy in weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees Kiln placers, boss, bisque, mala: Group 1____________________________ Group 2 . , _ _ ................................................................................................ Group 3____________________________ Group 4____________________________ Group 5. ___ ____ ________________ 11 11 18 3 3 18 12 21 3 3 9.6 9.3 9.5 8.3 11.7 61.3 58.3 64.8 59.0 78.5 6.4 $79.18 6.3 73.77 6.8 81.30 7.1 65.26 6.7 112.45 $8.29 7.98 8.58 7.83 9.64 $1,292 1.265 1.255 1.106 1.433 T o ta l...................... ........................... 46 57 9.5 62.7 6.6 79.84 8.40 1.273 Firemen, bisque and glost: Group 1_ _ __________________________ Group 2___________________________ _ Group 3____________________________ Group 4____________________________ Group 5____________________ ______ 11 9 18 1 3 28 16 51 2 5 12.6 10.6 11.0 10.5 13.2 148.0 107..0 123.6 108.0 157.5 11.7 10.1 11.2 10.3 11.9 70.79 68.50 66.32 64.08 79.93 5.61 6.45 6.01 6.10 6.06 .478 .640 .536 .593 .507 T o ta l-................................................. 42 102 11.5 129.1 11.2 68.51 5.96 .531 Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male: Group 1................................................... Group 2_____________ ____ __________ Group 3__________ __________________ Group 4____________________________ Group 5 ._ __________________________ 11 11 18 3 3 108 80 152 35 31 8.3 6.4 8.3 6.7 9.9 49.8 31.0 47.7 47.9 76.3 6.0 4.9 5.8 7.1 7.7 38.44 22.62 36.31 32.47 36.90 4.65 3.54 4.38 4.84 3.74 .771 .730 .761 .678 .484 Total.................................................... 46 406 7.9 47.2 6.0 33.89 4.29 .718 Kiln drawers, boss, bisque and glost, maler Group 1____________________________ Group 2.. __________________________ Group 3____________________________ Group 4____________________________ Group 5............................................... . 11 11 18 2 3 14 11 19 2 3 9.4 7.2 9.8 6.0 10.3 58.0 35.0 60.2 37.5 81.8 6.2 4.9 6.1 6.3 7.9 51.42 30.35 50.43 31.88 41.75 5.45 4.23 5.15 5.31 4.04 .887 .867 .838 .850 .511 Total.................................................... 45 49 9.0 54.3 6.0 44.92 5.00 .827 Laborers, kiln shed, male: Group 1.......... .......... ............... ............ Group 2____________________________ Group 3____________________________ Group 5____________________________ 11 10 17 1 70 44 78 3 9.6 9.9 10.3 13.0 83.6 85.9 100.8 149.3 8.7 8.7 9.8 11.5 43.54 41.88 51.48 49.50 4.54 4.25 5.01 3.81 .521 .487 .511 .331 Total____________________________ 39 195 10.0 92.0 9.2 46.43 4.66 .505 Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female: Group 1........ .......... ........................ ...... Group 2............................................ ...... Group 3.......... ............................. ........... Group 4................................................... Group 5................................................... 11 11 18 3 2 58 44 89 11 8 8.7 5.9 8.3 7.5 11.6 55.4 30.7 48.1 52.9 84.0 6.3 5.2 5.8 7.1 7.2 27.58 13.69 22.40 18.63 29.33 3.16 2.31 2.71 2.50 2.52 .498 .447 .465 .352 .349 T ota l--................................................ 45 210 8.0 48.1 6.0 22.07 2.76 .459 Brushers, female: Group J____________________________ G*oup 2................................................... Group 3.......... „....................................... Group 4................................................... Group 5................................................... 11 10 18 3 3 170 74 199 19 25 8.9 7.6 8.8 9.2 8.4 69.1 59.0 65.3 77.3 69.5 7.8 7.7 7.5 8.4 8.3 22.58 18.90 21.02 22.58 19.10 2.55 2.48 2.40 2.45 2.27 .327 .320 .322 .292 .275 Total-............... .................................. 45 487 8.6 66.3 7.7 21.21 2.46 .320 Stampers, bisque, female: Group 1________ ____________________ Group 2____________________________ Group 3____________________________ Group 4_____ ______ __ ____ ____ ____ Group 5____________ ____ ______ _____ 7 5 12 3 2 14 10 23 3 2 9.1 7.4 10.0 9.0 11.5 67.4 63.3 74.3 82.2 91.5 7.4 8.5 7.5 9.1 8.0 23.17 19.61 25.13 25.05 25.42 2.55 2.65 2.52 2.78 2.21 .344 .310 .338 .305 .278 Total______ ____ __________________ 29 52 9.2 71.5 7.7 23.55 2.55 .330 as 1H E POTTERY INDUSTRY A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925. BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued T a b le Occupation, sex, and geographical group Glaze mixers, male: Group 1..... ........ Group 2............. Group 3.............. Group 5............. Number of— Average Average hours Average earnings— worked— number of days Estab Em worked Per lish ploy in two In two Per In two Per weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees 9 8 15 2 10 8 15 2 10.1 10.4 10.1 11.5 91.2 91.2 91.8 103.8 34 35 10.3 92.2 9.0 5 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 10.0 12.0 5.0 12.0 89.4 90.0 41.0 104.0 T otal.. 8 10 9.9 Ware boys: Group 1.. Group 2_. Group 3_. Group 4.. 11 10 15 1 19 13 20 1 T otal.. 37 Total _ Glaze mixers’ helpers, male: Group 1_______________ Group 3............. .............. Group 4___...................... . Group 5............................ Dippers, male: Group 1___ Group 2___ Group 3___ Group 4___ Group 5___ Total. Dippers’ helpers, male: Group 3................... Group 4................... Group 5................... Total . Dippers’ helpers, female: Group 1..................... Group 2...................... Group 3...................... Group 5...................... Total . Kiln placers, glost, male: Group 1..................... Group 2..................... Group 3..................... Group 4..................... Group 5..................... Total . Kiln placers, boss, glost, male: Group 1.............................. Group 2. ............................ Group 3.............................. Group 4............... - ............. Group 5.............................. . 9.0 $56.64 8.8 47.07 9.1 44.89 9.0 38.54 $5.61 4.54 4.43 3.35 $0,621 .516 .489 .371 48. 38 4.72 .525 8.9 7.5 8.2 8.7 46. 26 49.50 20.50 36.40 4.63 4.13 4.10 3.03 .517 .550 .500 .350 86.1 8.7 43.02 4.35 .500 9.6 7.8 9.3 11.0 69.3 50.7 71.9 76.5 7.2 6.5 7.8 7.0 37.68 24.39 35.05 38.00 3.93 3.14 3.79 3.45 .543 .481 .487 .497 53 9.0 65.9 7.3 33.43 3.70 .508 11 11 18 3 3 45 20 52 4 5 9.0 8.1 9.4 9.8 11.6 58.5 48.4 65.7 64.1 79.1 6.5 76.56 6.0 67.50 7.0 73.48 6.6 65.10 6.8 115.27 8.49 8.38 7.81 6.68 9.94 1.310 1.394 1.119 1.016 1.458 46 126 9.2 60.8 6.6 75.02 8.20 1.233 6 3 3 9 7 8 9.2 9.3 11.8 67.0 65.6 89.3 7.3 7.1 7.6 27.70 23.20 30.33 3.00 2.50 2.58 .413 .354 .340 12 24 10.1 74.0 7.3 27.26 2.70 .368 11 11 18 2 98 43 109 11 8.2 7.2 8.5 9.5 52.7 43.7 59.8 66.3 6.4 6.1 7.0 7.0 21.25 18.24 21.70 23.21 2.58 2.55 2.55 2.46 .403 .417 .363 .350 42 261 8.2 54.8 6.7 21.03 2.56 .384 11 10 18 3 3 158 64 173 14 23 9.3 8.1 9.3 6.7 10.8 60.6 56.0 65.2 48.2 76.9 6.5 6.9 7.0 7.2 7.1 7.00 65.16 6.72 54.73 65.99 - 7.10 54.31 8.09 88.71 8.19 1.076 .978 1.012 1.127 1.154 45 432 9.1 62.2 6.8 64.85 7.10 1.042 11 10 18 3 3 22 12 26 4 4 10.0 8.8 9.8 7.0 11.5 64.6 61.5 68.9 50.0 82.6 6.5 83.82 7.0 71.85 7.0 83.17 7.1 65.93 7.2 113.70 8.42 8.13 8.45 9.42 9.89 1.298 1.168 1.207 1.319 1.377 Total. . 45 68 9.6 65.9 6.8 82.16 8.53 1.247 Pin boys: Group 1.. Group 2.. Group 3„ Group 5_. 7 3 13 2 12 3 19 2 9.9 10.7 9.3 11.0 63.6 69.0 67.7 83.2 6.4 6.5 7.3 7.6 43.69 33.62 38.75 30.50 4.41 3.15 4.18 2.77 .687 .488 .573 .367 Total-. 25 36 9.7 S7.3 6.9 39.51 4.08 .587 39 GENERAL TABLES A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — 8 E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le Occupation, sex, and geographical group hours Average earnings— Number of— Average Average worked— number of days Estab• Em worked Per lish ploy in two In twoi Per In two Per weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees Dressers, female: Group 1........ Group 2........ Group 3........ Group 4_____ Group 5........ 11 11 18 3 3 97 43 161 10 24 8.5 8.2 8.6 8.8 10.5 69.8 67.1 65.0 76.3 79.3 8.2 $28.28 8.2 21.58 7.6 21.87 8.7 23. 26 7.5 20.98 Total. 46 335 8.7 68.0 7.8 23. 67 2.73 | .348 Dressers, forelady: Group 1............ Group 2............ Group 3............ Group 4............ Group 5............ 10 11 15 1 3 13 12 18 1 3 9.8 9.4 9.5 8.0 11.7 83.3 76.5 78.5 67.8 101.9 8.5 8.1 8.3 8.5 8.7 55.74 33.80 32.20 24.26 38. 55 5.71 3.59 3.39 3.03 3.30 .669 .442 .410 .358 .378 $3.31 2.63 2.54 2.64 2.00 $0.405 .322 .336 .305 . 265 Total. 40 47 9.7 80.6 8.3 39.35 4.07 .488 Warehousemen: Group 1....... Group 2....... Group 3........ Group 4........ Group 5........ 11 11 18 1 3 148 52 189 3 15 9.8 10.4 10.3 5.7 12.0 86.8 91.0 89.7 49.7 106.5 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.9 51.02 54.37 52.53 23.28 55.34 5.21 5.24 5.09 4.11 4.61 .588 .598 .580 .469 .520 Total. 44 407 10.2 89.1 8.8 52.11 5.12 .585 7 4 10 1 2 10 5 20 1 2 9.9 9.4 10.5 8.0 12.0 81.9 84.6 88.7 72.0 111.8 8.3 9.0 8.4 9.0 9.3 25.14 28.05 30.34 39.16 21.47 2.54 2.98 2.89 4.90 1.79 .307 .332 .342 .544 .192 24 38 10.2 87.1 8.5 28.44 2.79 .326 11 4 10 1 78 12 39 1 9.7 11.2 9.2 13.0 82.5 99.8 77.3 112.5 8.5 8.9 8.4 8.7 21.41 23.49 17.61 26.00 2.20 2.10 1.92 1.92 .259 .236 .228 .222 26 130 9.7 82.8 8.5 20.49 2.11 .248 9 7 13 2 21 12 38 9 8.7 9.2 7.9 10.7 69.9 66.9 63.7 74.9 8.1 7.3 8.0 7.0 35.83 34.14 20.29 24. 76 4.13 3. 72 2.56 2.32 .512 .510 .319 .330 80 8.6 67.1 7.8 26.95 3.13 .402 ii n 16 1 2 115 37 83 2 12 9.8 10.6 8.8 9.5 11.3 79.7 75.1 72.0 80.2 89.2 8.1 7.1 8.2 8.4 7.9 64.92 55.40 49.59 37. 72 68.87 6.62 5. 22 5.65 3.97 6.08 .814 .738 .688 .471 .772 41 249 9.7 76.9 8.0 58. 37 6.05 .759 11 9 17 2 3 50 29 238 19 20 9.5 11.0 9.3 8.1 10.7 72.9 79.9 68.5 61.0 95.9 7.7 7.3 7.3 7.6 9.0 43.07 53.30 34.53 34.51 39.97 4.52 4.86 3.70 4.29 3.75 .591 .667 .504 .566 .417 42 356 9.5 71.2 7.5 37.56 3.95 .528 Ware carriers, male: Group 1.......... . Group 2............. Group 3............. Group 4............. Group 5............. Total. Dusters, female: Group 1____ Group 2....... Group 3____ Group 5....... Total. Stampers, gold, female: Group i ................. Group 2............. ..... Group 3.................. Group 5.................. Total. Gilders and liners, male: Group 1...................... Group 2..... ................ Group 3...................... Group 4...................... Group 5...................... Total. Gilders and liners, female: Group 1........... ........... Group 2....................... Group 3....................... Group 4....................... Group 5....................... Total. i 31 40 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY A .— AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP — S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued T a b le Occupation, sex, and geographical group hours Number of— Average Average Average earnings— worked— number of days Estab Em worked Per two In two Per In two Per lish ploy in weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees Cutters, decalcomania, female: Group 3................................................... Group 5_______________ ___________ 14 1 26 2 9.8 11.5 83.1 95.0 8.5 $29.45 8.3 26.65 $3.00 2.32 $0,354 .281 Total_____________________________ 15 28 9.9 84.0 8.5 29.25 2.95 .348 Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female: Group 1................................................... Group 2..... ............................................ Group 3.................. ................................ Group 4................................................... Group 5 .................... .................... ........ 11 11 18 3 3 277 168 487 29 61 9.0 9.7 9.2 7.4 10.4 74.8 78.0 76.4 57.4 87.6 8.3 8.0 8.3 7.8 8.5 32.41 33.05 25.77 23.32 24.63 3.58 3.41 2.79 3.16 2.38 .433 .424 .337 .406 .281 Total.................... ............................... 46 1,022 9.3 76.4 8.2 28.63 3.09 .375 Printers, male: Group 1. . . ............................................... Group 2................................................... Group 4.................................................. Group 5.................................................. 3 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 10.3 7.0 6.5 12.0 88.9 56.0 40.5 89.0 8.6 8.0 6.2 7.4 56.63 36. 75 40.38 50.00 5.48 5.25 6.21 4.17 .637 .656 .997 .562 Total______________________ ______ 7 7 9.0 70.4 7.8 48.20 5.36 .685 Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male: Group 1................................................... Group 2.—............................................... Group 3.................................................. Group 4____________________________ Group 5............. .............. ...................... 11 11 18 3 3 43 21 76 3 9 9.7 10.8 9.0 10.0 10.9 76.4 81.0 71.7 92.0 87.2 7.9 7.5 7.9 9.2 8.0 69.34 60.16 53.16 59.86 45.29 7.15 5.57 5.88 5.99 4.16 .908 .742 .741 . 651 .520 7.9 58.37 6.08 .772 8.8 82* 64 9.6 113. 95 10.3 85.84 11.9 92.42 8.73 9.66 8.79 7.92 .988 1.005 .853 .665 Total.................................................... 46 152 9.6 75.6 Firemen, decorating: Group 1................................................... Group 2 Group 3___.............................................. Group 5....................................... .......... 7 4 17 2 13 5 21 3 9.5 11.8 9.8 11.7 83.7 113. 4 100.6 138.9 Total.................................................... 30 42 10.0 99.6 9.9 88.66 8.82 .890 Burnishers, female: Group 1................................................... Group 3.............................................. . Group 4 .................................................. Group 5.................................................. 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 10.0 9.0 8.5 12.0 90.0 19.4 68.0 96.5 9.0 2.2 8.0 8.0 23.50 9.09 17.00 16.08 2.35 1.01 2.00 1.34 .261 .470 .250 .167 Total.................................................... 4 6 9.5 60.2 6.3 15.29 1.61 .254 9 4 15 1 40 7 44 1 8.9 8.0 9.5 13.0 76.8 67.3 77.2 117.0 8.7 8.4 8.2 9.0 22.24 20.03 21.06 29.25 2. 51 2. 50 2.22 2.25 .290 .298 .273 .250 Wrappers, Group Group Group Group female: 1................................................... 2 . . . ......................................................................... 3................................................... 5........................................... Total.................................................. 29 92 9.1 76.7 8.4 21. 59 2.36 .281 Straw boys: Group 1................................................... Group 2......................................... Group 3................................................... Group 5.................................................. 4 2 6 2 4 2 8 8 10.0 9.0 8.0 9.6 76.5 68.3 59. 5 72.9 7.7 7.6 7.4 7.6 31.*49 28.83 18.41 19.61 3.15 3.20 2.30 2.04 .412 .422 .309 .269 Total............................................ 14 22 9.0 68.3 7.5 22.17 2.45 .325 Packers, male: Group 1. . . ...................................... Group 2................................................... Group 3......................................... Group 4................................................... Group 5.............................................. 11 11 18 3 3 46 23 57 5 4 9.3 84 10.4 10.0 11.5 67.1 61.1 75.2 75.4 87.7 7.2 7.3 7.2 7.5 7.6 56.64 50.94 65.32 65.89 65.85 6.06 6.07 6.29 6.59 5.73 .844 .833 .869 .874 .751 Total................................................... 46 135 9.7 70.4 7.2 59.95 6.17 .851 41 6ENEBAL TABLES A .—AVERAGE EARNINGS AND AVERAGE NUMBER OF HOURS AND OF DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued T a b le Occupation, sex, and geographical group hours Number of— Average Average Average earnings— worked— number of days Estab Em worked in two In two Per In two Per Per lish ploy weeks weeks day weeks day hour ments ees Packers, head, male: Group 1................................................... Group 2................................................... Group 3_______ ___ ____ _______ ___ Group 5................................................... 3 6 17 2 3 6 17 2 10.7 9.7 10.6 11.0 89.2 75.1 85.7 80.9 8.4 $96.32 7.8 64.67 8.0 83.15 7.4 78.12 $9.03 6.69 7.81 7.10 $1,080 .861 .970 .966 28 28 10.5 83.5 8.0 80.25 7.67 .962 11 11 18 3 3 248 101 503 37 110 10.1 10.5 10.0 9.6 10.4 90.9 82.2 88.5 86.0 91.8 9.0 7.8 8.8 9.0 8.8 48.09 49.04 45.90 37.67 33.12 4.76 4.68 4.58 3.94 3.18 .529 .597 .519 .438 .361 4.45 .508 Total........... ........... ............................ 46 999 10.1 88.7 00 00 Total...................... ...... ...................... Other employees, male: Group 1......................................... ......... Group 2 __ _ _______ Group 3................................................... Group 4_________ ____ ______________ Group 5____________________________ 45.05 Other employees, female: Group 1................................................... Group 2................................................... Group 3................................................... Group 4................................................... Group 5................................................... 10 9 18 2 3 55 21 135 17 17 9.2 9.4 8.1 10.1 10.4 78.0 75.7 66.3 83.4 89.3 8.5 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.6 30.04 28.42 20.09 27.71 23.90 3.26 3.01 2.47 2.74 2.31 .385 .375 .303 .332 .268 Total.................................................... 42 245 8.8 72.5 8.3 23.83 2.72 .329 Total, males: Group 1____________ ____ ___________ Group 2______ ___ _____ ____________ Group 3_______ ______ _______ _______ Group 4_______ ____________________ Group 5..................................... ............ 11 11 18 3 3 2,194 1,037 2,794 228 413 9.0 8.6 9.4 8.0 10.9 72.8 67.3 76.6 65.1 90.5 8.1 7.8 8.1 8.1 8.3 54.02 48.56 53.62 43.36 50.89 6.02 5.64 5.68 5.40 4.68 .742 .721 .700 .666 .562 Total.................................................... 46 6,666 9.2 74.4 8.1 52.44 | 5.70 .705 «• Total, females: Group 1____________________________ Group 2____ _____ _______ ______ _____ Group 3.................. ......................... ...... Group 4....................... ........................... Group 5______________________________ 11 11 18 3 3 1,083 531 1,729 121 193 8.8 8.6 8.9 8.2 10.3 69.8 65.7 68.1 66.1 83.6 7.9 7.7 7.7 8.0 8.1 28.85 27.21 25.07 24.89 25.94 3. 26 3.18 2.82 3.03 2.53 .413 .414 .368 .377 .310 Total.................................................... 46 3,657 8.9 69.0 7.8 26.54 2.99 .385 Grand total, males and femafes: Group 1____________________________ Group 2_______________________________ Group 3____________________________ Group 4.................................................. Group 5___________________ _____ _____ 11 11 18 3 3 3,277 1,568 4,523 349 606 8.9 8.6 9.2 8.1 10.7 71.8 66.8 73.3 65.5 88.3 8.0 7.8 8.0 8.1 8.3 45.70 41.33 42.71 36.95 42.95 5.12 4.81 4.63 4. 57 4.02 .636 .619 .582 .565 .486 46 10,323 9.1 72.5 8.0 43.27 4.76 .596 Total......................................................... T a b le B .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E [Geographical groups are defined on page 32] Number of employees whose classified average earnings per hour were— Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group 7 20 12 25 15 7 3 2 4 2 3 2 3 1 46 49 $0,596 . 587 25 . 577 50 5 .732 7 .398 ------- 1......... .575 136 11 11 18 3 3 117 56 162 g 14 .604 .574 .548 .572 .430 1 1 1 2 8 1 1 8 2 6 25 1 3 Total............................................... 46 357 .565 2 5 17 37 Jigger men: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5.............................................. 11 11 18 3 3 156 87 211 19 27 .955 .836 .909 .892 .794 1 1 Total............................................... 46 500 .902 1 1 1 3 26 34 61 106 11 11 14 3 3 137 64 102 10 31 . 551 .530 .415 .404 .268 2 31 10 7 16 13 7 22 3 3 71 33 18 4 4 6 16 2 3 4 12 8 i 8 3 2 3 2 42 344 .471 6 28 23 31 48 122 48 5 4 Total............................................ . * Mold runners, male: H-rnnn 1 flrnnn 9 flrrmn H n m nn 1 Group 5.............................................. Total 2 2 4 4 19 1 5 1 1 9 1 1 5 1 12 3 11 58 33 11 7 1 47 22 83 5 1 55 24 35 8 1 6 2 1 1 158 114 17 2 1 7 15 8 1 3 13 13 30 3 2 29 21 50 5 1 44 11 56 1 1 5 7 8 1 5 1 2 1 11 1 2 9 1 1 1 INDUSTRY Batters-out, male: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 1 1 POTTERY U 11 18 3 3 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 $HiB Laborers, slip house, male: Aver age 90 60 70 80 35 ‘ 40 45 50 20 25 30 earn Un and $1 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 and and and and and and and and and cents and and and and $1.50 ings Estab Em un un un and un and un un der un un un un un un un un and lish ploy per der un der un der der der der 20 der der der der der der der over der der hour cents ments ees der $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 90 60 70 45 50 80 25 30 35 40 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 3 4 2 2 13 *1 82 *1 6 <7 15 2 22 3 1 4 3 5 5 28 13 26 4 4 2 1 116 75 43 14 6 1 1 —= Finishers, male: Group 1______ Group 2........... Group 3 . . ....... Group 5........... 5 7 14 2 12 6 .586 .497 .547 .511 7 41 28 66 .544 16 3 3 11 11 108 52 113 10 8 .556 .485 .521 .427 .496 1 Total............ 44 291 .524 1 10 10 17 51 19 47 3 5 .770 .758 .874 .692 .974 42 124 .813 Total - Total Handlers, male: Group 1____ Group 2____ Group 3....... Group 4....... Group 5....... Total- 11 11 2 6 .928 .922 .982 .602 1.169 46 162 .942 11 11 47 24 51 .954 1.041 .972 .609 .887 18 3 3 18 3 3 69 29 51 7 6 7 46 1* 135 .955 |.......... 9 1 1 5 i 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 2 j 1 1 6 1 7 11 7 16 4 5 1 1 3 i1 L ..........! 1 2 18 3 1 2 26 7 2-4 9 1 1 3 5 21 15 42 13 37 12 25 3 1 1 1 2 57 94 58 12 | 1 1 1 2 2 5 3 1 11 2 6 2 1 11 2 8 13 4 7 6 1 11 2 1.......... 5 9 22 21 24 19 I! 10 3 3 8 17 15 7 13 4 2 7 1 2 2 1 1 12 2 1 2 2 16 | 40 ! ......... L. ......... !_____ i 1 i .........1. . . . . . 1 1 1 1 5 1 11 1 1 1 i_____ L ___ 4 2 12 5 ! 1 1 1 1 2 6 1 2 1 1 2 3 2 1 ......... ! 3 7 1 5 7 1 6 2 i 3 2 3 7 2 7 4 3 4 3 1 1 1 36 26 12 1 1 1 *2 g 5 2 52 1 1 21 5 3 5 9 1 1 1 8 18 7 3 7 6 4 4 3 2 1 10 12 5 8 11 1 16 35 17 22 12 1 4 3 4 1 9 32 1 2 TABIDES Turners, male: Group 1___ Group 2___ Group 3___ Group 4___ Group 5 .. .. 2 2 1 1 2 1 GENERAL Total............ Finishers, female: Group 1.......... Group 2.......... Group 3........... Group 4.......... Group 5.......... Dish makers, male: Group 1............. Group 2.............. Group 3............. Group 4............. Group 5.............. 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 1 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 2 at $1.70 and under $1.80. * At $1.70 and under $1.80. * One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.70 and under $1.80. * Two at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 5 at $1.70 and under $1.80. * At $1.50 and under $1.60. OO T a b le B . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E —Continued Number of employees whose classified average earnings per hour were— Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group ___ T o ta l_________________________ fiagger makers, hand, male: Group 1 _____ ____ __ Group 2________________________ Group 3 - __ _____________________ Group 4 ___ ___________________ Group 5 _________ ______________ T o ta l__ ________ ________ _. . . 4 ...... 1 4 1 1 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 1 10 2 3 1 12 6 16 7 3 6 1 3 1 6 8 8 16 34 17 6 40 102 .528 2 2 3 3 2 5 .412 .449 .313 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 7 10 .367 4 2 2 1 11 11 18 3 3 84 41 107 9 9 .889 .785 .991 .618 .858 1 1 2 46 | 250 .903 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 33 18 40 4 3 1.013 .858 .990 .895 .785 1 44 98 .961 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 2 7 8 3 2 11 10 18 3 2 1 1 2 9 9 12 3 26 7 15 1 4 19 5 24 1 2 11 4 25 5 1 12 2 1 8 2 3 «1 1 9 20 33 53 51 41 18 10 3 3 «1 1 2 1 1 3 5 3 5 1 5 8 2 9 1 5 2 5 1 6 3 3 2 4 1 2 2 1 1 72 8 4 5 13 1 16 17 12 11 9 4 4 72 1 1 INDUSTRY T o ta l.................................... Casters, male: Group 1 ______ ____ Group 2__ ___ ___ __ Group 3__ . . . _________ Group 4 _ Group 5 ___ 41 $0.527 .505 17 . 547 37 7 .481 POTTERY Total Handle casters and finishers, female: Group 1__________________ Group 2Group 3_________ . . . . . . . . 11 11 15 3 THE Handle casters and finishers, male: _____________ . Group 1___ ___ Group 2 Group 3 .............. ___ Group 5. _ _ . . . . ___ Estab Em lish ploy ments ees Aver i age i 35 25 30 40 45 50 60 80 90 20 70 earn Un and $1 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 and and and and and and and cents and and ings der un un un un un un un un un un and and and and and and $1.50 un un un un and per der der der der der der der der der der un un 20 der over der der der der hour cents 90 35 40 45 70 der $1.10 25 30 50 60 80 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 "93— o8I£98 Kilnplacers, bisque, male: Group 1.............................................. Group 2............................................. Group 3............................................ . Group 4..................... ...................... . Group 5............................................ . Total.............................................. . 1.057 1.073 1.037 .958 1.162 46 Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male: Group 1............................................ . Group 2.............................................. Group 3.................................... ......... Group 4............................................. Group 5.................................... ......... Total.............................................. . 46 197 1.052 108 80 152 35 31 .771 .730 .761 .678 .484 406 .718 Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost. female: Group 1.............................................. Group 2.............................................. Group 3......................................... ... Group 4.............................................. Group 5..................... ...................... . 45 *1 13 10 28 .459 170 74 199 19 25 .327 .320 .322 .292 .275 487 .320 24 101 133 «1 102 47 59 57 43 33 131 6 1 225 214 12 1.310 1.394 1.119 1.016 1.458 46 126 1.233 «13 95 102 1*3 I 5 At $1.50 and under $1.60. * At $1.60 and under $1.70. 7 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 1 at $1.60 and under $1.70. 8 Seven at $1.50 and under $1.60; 5 at $1.60 and under $1.70; and 1 at $2 and under $2.10i 9 One at $1.50 and under $1.60 and 4 at $1.60 and under $1.70. 18 TABLES 45 210 Dippers, male: Group 1.............................................. Group 2.............................................. Group 3.............................................. Group 4.............................................. Group 5............................................. Total............................................... 52 .498 .447 .465 .352 .349 Brushers, female: Group 1............................................ . Group 2.............. ....... . ................ Group 3.............................................. Group 4.............................................. Group 5............................................ . Total.............................................. . 45 GENERAL Total............................................... 22 26 15 15 16 15 12 1223 i° One at $1.70 and under $1.80 and 1 at $1.80 and under $1.90. ii One at $1.80 and under $1.90; 1 at $1.90 and under $2; and 1 at $2 and under $2.10. u Eight at $1.50 and under $1.60; 9 at $1.60 and under $1.70; 1 at $1.70 and under $1.80; 2 at $1.80 and under $1.90; 1 at $1.90 and under $2; and 2 at $2and under $2.10. T a b le B .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued Number of employees whose classified average earnings per hour were— Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Aver age 60 70 80 90 35 . 40 45 50 25 20 30 $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 earn Un and and and and and and and and and and cents $1 and and and. and $1.50 ings Estab Em der un un un un un un un un un un and and un un un and un per lish ploy der der un der un der der der der der 20 der der der der der der der over hour cents 25 ments ees 70 90 50 80 der $1.10 $1.20 $1.30 $1.40 $1.50 60 30 j 35 40 45 cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1 1 6 3 3 Q fcn. 41a 7 .354 8 | .340 Total 12 24 | .368 Total Kiln placers, glost, mnle: Group 1 _ Group 2 .... Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 18 2 98 43 109 11 42 261 ! 2 I | .403 I .417 ....... 1 . .. .363 i .350 i .384 158 64 173 14 23 1.076 .978 1.012 1.127 1.154 _____ ______ 45 432 1.042 1 ... ....... 11 11 18 3 3 97 43 161 10 24 .405 .322 .336 .305 .265 2 12 8 Total............................................... 46 335 348 10 Total . . 1 2 3 ! 3 6 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 8 5 1 2 1 1 3 1 10 7 21 5 99 4 71 28 1 9 1 i i 21 129 99 io ! i | i i i i l ___________i_____ !_____ . . ! 9 2 12 11 1 11 1 i 2 i 23 47 ■i“ ............ 23 3 10 21 27 6 4 37 4 16 23 1 21 1 6 14 58 4 6 3 2 13 88 68 60 v ... — 1 _____!___________ I_____ !_____ !_____ ! .........i.......... .........!..........1 .......... 1 i | i 8 ....... i........... 5 20 1 i I ____ i ___ _____1......... |.......... ......... |1 i I 6 28 1 I I i i 11 10 IS 3 3 Dressers, female: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 3 43 43 35 4 39 5 52 47 48 1 7 4 « .........|1 11 136 —i 92 | 117 i 1 1 1 (1 .........:..........!..........1.......... — ■»' .* •" "». 1 32 7 4 1 1 1 1 5 41 11 1 INDUSTRY Dippers’ helpers, female: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Grouo o 2 POTTERY Group 4 GrouD 5 THE Dippers’ helpers, male: £ 04 Warehousemen: Group 1............................................ Group 2............................................ Group 3................................................ Group 4............................................ Group 5............................................ Total........................... —.............. Gilders and liners, male: Group 1......... .................................. Group 2............................................ Group 3................................................ Group 4.................................. - ........ Group 5............................................ Total.................................. - ......... 148 52 189 3 15 Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male: Group 1............................................ Group 2__......................................... Group 3 ....................................... ........ Group 4 ........................................... Group 5............................................ Total.............................................. Packers, male: Group 1............................................ Group 2............................................ Group 3 - .......................................... .Group 4............................................ Group 5............................................ Total.............................................. 141 42 177 7 • 10 7 4 7 367 i 28 . 5Sf 115 37 21 .814 .738 7 12 22 19 1G 2 2L 5 .471 .772 41 Gilders and liners, female: Group 1............................................ Group 2. ........................................... Group 3.............................................— Group 4............................................ Group 5............................................ T o ta l..................................... ...... Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female: Group l. ___..................................... Group 2............................................ Group 3................................................ Group 4............................................ Group 5............................................ Total.............................................. .588 .598 .586 .469 .520 .249 356 .591 .667 .504 .566 .417 .528 277 168 487 29 61 1,022 .433 .424 .337 .406 .281 .375 152 .908 .742 .741 .651 .520 .772 50 29 238 19 20 46 46 .844 18 38 44 43 17 17 4 7 18 12 10 3 4 21 30 27 | 4 23 '4 16 15 4 55 25 I 70 37 25 180 19 37 130 255 | 178 i 115 104 14 | 1 I 2 3 1 .851 12 22 -i 12 .874 .751 46 16 | 10 1 T a b l e C .— AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS ON WHICH EMPLOYEES WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E £• w [Geographical groups are defined on page 32] Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Estab lish ments Average number of days worked Employ in two ees weeks T o t a l--.................... 46 136 Batters-out, male: Group l->_.................... Group 2........................... Group 3........................... Group 4-_.................... Group 5........................ 11 11 18 3 3 46 Total......................... Jigger men: Group 1........................ Group 2__...................... Group 3........................... Group 4___................... . Group 5 - - ................................ 11 11 18 3 3 j 1 8.1 2 8.0 9.9 --------- " —*--68 12.0 4 3 1 1 1 1 2 8.9 . 3 1 8 1 2 g 5 117 56 162 8 14 (. V 7.4 8.4 5.6 10.3 3 1 o A o O o 3 1 4 j K O 2 1 3 1 1 3 5 5 3 17 3 20 357 8.1 O 9 10 8 16 40 2 9 1 4 1 5 9 9 3 156 87 211 19 27 8.2 7.8 9.0 7.3 11.3 3 2 1 1 Total.................... . . . 46 500 8.6 3 3 oq Mold runners, male: Group 1........................ Group 2........................... Group 3........................... Group 4........................ Group 5........................ 11 11 14 3 3 137 64 102 10 31 7.8 7.6 8.2 5.6 11.3 4 1 1 1 1 3 1 Total......................... 42 344 8.2 7 3 3 1 7 3 3 21 9 10 3 11 i 14 18 13 40 14 22 5 13 16 1 18 13 20 1 1 19 7 25 1 42 g 26 1 1 25 1 12 5 2 5 35 53 52 81 29 18 20 6 20 1 8 12 20 4 25 24 21 3 1 23 15 37 3 57 12 37 1 4 5 4 38 2 6 44 74 78 111 55 41 1 4 4 14 2 2 4 2 2 10 2 4 14 13 12 7 ■■ — —— -------- 1 24 .......... 16 15 26 47 g 2 5 1 5 7 2 2 19 6 14 11 11 15 2 21 18 15 2 1 22 8 23 1 44 7 8 4 9 17 14 16 39 39 57 54 63 18 31 | ....j..... ______!........... INDUSTRY 49 25 50 5 7 11 10 9 8 POTTERY 11 11 18 q a 3 7 6 6 THE Laborers, slip house, male: Group 1........................ Group 2__...................... Group 3 _ ....................... Group 4........................... Group 5........................ 4 3 2 1 Finishers, male: Group 1 -.................................. . Group 2....................................... . Group 3.......... ............................. Group 5....................................... 5 7 14 12 7 41 Total............... ..................... Finishers, female: Group 1.......... ......................... Group 2 _ _ ........................................... Group 3....................................... Group 4__................................ Group 5 . . ................................... Total..................................... Total...................................... Total...................................... Handlers, male: Group 1.................................... Group 2 ........................................ Group 3........................................ Group 4.................................... Group 5 ....................................... Total..................................... 8.7 11 11 108 52 113 10 44 291 8.0 10 51 19 47 8.5 9.0 8.9 10 17 2 11 11 18 124 29 51 7 46 11 11 18 3 11 20 30 7 18 35 43 8.0 7.7 9.1 8.9 11 4 4 1 17 41 17 37 7 10.0 Total................................. 40 1 10 5 3 5 10 24 3 17 1 21 12 1 2 11 15 4 15 17 37 1 15 14 42 1 11 1 16 34 4 19 2 15 11 25 8.2 11 11 102 12 2 2 20 20 13 7.5 9.2 9.0 11.4 Handle casters and finishers, male: Group 1- . ................................. Group 2 ........................................ Group 3 ....................................... Group 5....................................... 19 .... 4 11.0 8.7 33 7 12 11 8.4 47 24 51 13 12 10 6 8.9 135 15 14 5 12.0 10. 3 42 10 8.0 7.6 8.3 5.8 10.9 16 46 10 TABLES Turners, male: Group 1.................................... Group 2 ....................................... Group 3....................................... Group 4 ................................... Group 5....................................... 1 9.2 10.7 2 4 2 10 1 18 8.2 8.1 2 10.9 13 4 9.0 13 15 GENERAL Dish makers, male: Group 1.................................... Group 2 ....................................... Group 3....................................... Group 4................................... Group 5........................................ 6.3 8.0 12 T a b le C .— AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS ON WHICH EMPLOYEES WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E —Continued Number of— 7 10 7.8 11 11 18 3 3 84 41 107 9 8.1 9.0 9.3 9.4 11.9 46 250 8.9 Sagger makers, hand, male: Group 1 ______________ __ ___ Group 2 ________________ _____ Group 3___________________ ___________ Group 4 __ ____ Group 5 ____________ ! 11 10 18 3 2 33. 18 40 4 3 8. 6 7.9 8.7 6.8 11.3 Total..................................................._j 44 98 8.5 11 11 18 69 34 76 10 8 9.0 8.5 9.4 7.0 11.3 Total................. .................................. Casters, male: Group 1____ ___________ _____ Group 2______________ Group 3_____________________ Group 4 _____ Group 5__ ____________________ Total.................................................... Kiln placers, bisque, male: Group 1 _____________ _______ Group 2____________________________ Group 3 __ Group 4 _ _______ ___ _ Group 5___.............................................. Total................- ..................... - ........... 3 3 46 i 9 197 9.0 2 4 3 1 i 1 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 3 1 4 1 10 9 13 12 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 2 1 10 4 5 2 5 1 13 .1 21 2 16 14 10 23 20 6 11 3 4 2 13 1 11 23 3 8 3 10 21 20 39 47 40 20 45 1 1 1 1 6 5 4 4 6 1 6 1 8 3 7 7 4 9 2 1 5 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 8 13 14 18 21 9 7 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 3 2 4 1 7 3 2 5 1 1 14 1 15 3 11 7 4 14 11 18 20 2 6 4 6 1 2 15 9 33 22 45 19 36 3 1 1 3 10 14 1 2 2 1 8 7 6 12 4 INDUSTRY 9.0 5.0 8.2 2 2 3 1 POTTEBY 3 2 5 Handle casters and finishers, female: Group 1____ _____ ___ Group 2 Group 3 . . . __ ^ THE of days worked in two weeks Estab lish ments O’ Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks Average Employ ees Occupation, sex, and geographical group 1925, Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male: Group 1.................................................. Group 2................................................. Group 3 ................................ ..................... Group 4................................................. Group 5................................................ Total................................................... 46 108 80 152 35 31 8.3 6.4 8.3 6.7 9.9 406 7.9 Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female: Group 1.................................................. Group 2................................................. Group 3...................................................... Group 4................................................. Group 5................................................. Total................................................... 17 47 9.2 8.4 487 8.6 4 2 19 15 15 38 15 8 9 4 13 14 13 17 27 28 8.9 7.6 28 60 19 8.8 32 27 ’ l9" 13 2 13 34 32 133 46 2 2 10 32 5 50 tables 14 5 8.1 9.4 9.8 10 2 1 11.6 9.2 3 10 % 9.0 46 12 10 10 20 General 45 170 74 199 19 25 20 12 8.0 45 17 22 58 11.6 Dippers, male: Group 1................................... ............ Group 2................................................. Group 3..................................................... Group 4......... ........................................ Group 5................................................ Total................................................... 19 27 8.7 5.9 8.3 7.5 Brushers, female: Group 1................................................. Group 2................................................. Group 3...................................................... Group 4................................................. Group 5................................................. Total............................................ ...... 10 20 Dippers’ helpers, male: Group 3..................................................... Group 4.............. .................................. Group 5................................................. Total................................................... Dippers’ helpers, female: Group 1.............. .................................. Group 2.............................................. . Group 3...................................................... Group 5................................................ Total................................................... CJt T a b le C.— AVERAGE AND SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS ON WHICH EMPLOYEES WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E — Continued Occupation, sex, and geographical group Kiln placers, glost, male: Estab lish ments Group 5 158 64 173 14 23 2 1 3 4 1 2 2 1 5 2 1 2 11 3 4 3 1 12 1 12 6 6 10 22 9 2 6 4 2 11 17 1 9.1 11 11 18 3 3 97 43 161 10 24 8.5 8.2 8.6 8.8 10.5 4 2 2 1 3 1 1 Total..................................................... 46 335 8.7 6 6 3 Warehousemen: Group 1 . . . . . . ____ _ ..... . Group 2 _ ___ ...1 ___ . __ ___ _ Group 3 Group 4 Group 5.................................................... 11 11 18 1 3 148 52 189 3 ft 9.8 10.4 10.3 5. 7 12.0 2 Total..................................................... 44 407 10.2 2 11 11 16 1 2 115 37 83 2 12 9.8 10.6 8.8 9.5 11.3 1 1 41 249 9.7 1 57 17 46 8 2 11 14 55 55 128 51 68 1 2 17 1 1 6 3 18 7 5 23 5 9 7 10 1 31 10 22 5 4 26 10 19 4 24 3 1 17 22 27 40 27 73 51 46 1 2 1 1 5 3 2 5 7 2 14 35 6 27 46 8 19 46 12 38 1 1 6 19 70 4 13 1 8 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 1 i' 1 19 6 32 25 14 9 6 1 6 2 4 25 2 22 14 13 7 10 38 1 3 12 11 10 7 1___L i 8 9 POTTE&Y 432 1 9 11 10 23 68 73 98 108 5 5 14 2 13 1 1 8 1 4 47 4 9 2 15 13 1 1 37 12 18 1 2 31 13 61 70 38 7 12 8 1 I 1 INDUSTRY 1 1 4 45 ... 1" 1..... 8 5 5 2 Total..................................................... Total____ _________________________ 7 1 2 1 1 Dressers, female: Group 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ____ ____ Group 2 Group 3 . _ Group 4 Group 5 . . . . _ ___ 6 9.3 8.1 9.3 6. 7 10.8 5 Gilders and liners, male: Group 1 Group 2 _ Group 3 . Group 4 Group 5 5 THE 11 10 18 3 3 10 Number of employees who worked on each specified number of days in two weeks Number of— Average number of days Employ worked in two ees weeks Or ■Gilders and liners, female: Group 1.................................................. Group 2................................................. Group 3.................................................. Group 4.................................................. Group 5...................................................... 11 9 17 2 3 Total............ .................................... . 50 29 238 19 20 9.5 9.0 9.7 9.2 7.4 10.4 14 2 1 1 21 20 9.3 11 11 18 43 21 76 3 9.7 10.8 9.0 10.0 10.9 Total................................................... 3 1 1 7 7 16 4 11 2 1 12 26 8 10 19 3 28 1 18 46 23 57 5 4 53 58 37 7 56 3 38 19 55 24 85 56 49 104 38 90 11 13 27 223 156 2 1 104 18 2 12 81 1 12 7 7 2 9.3 8.4 10.4 13 1 11.5 17 1 9 13 1 2 31 15 4 7 3 10.0 9.7 10 62 34 14 11 11 1 TABLES 1,022 12 13 13 34 GENERAL 46 1 277 168 487 29 61 Total................................................... 24 3 24 6 9.5 Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male: Group 1.................................................. Group 2.................................................. Group 3............................... ................. Group 4 .............................. ................. Group 5 .................................................. Total.............................................. . 2 45 10.7 11 11 Packers, male: Group 1__ ! ........................................... Group 2.............................................. Group 3.................................................. Grrap 4.................................................. Group 5___ --............ j ............................... 1 18 356 Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female: Group 1.................................................. Group 2.................................................. Group 3.................................................. Group 4.................................................. Group 5...................................................... 18 4 11.0 9.3 8.1 11 2 21 15 35 25 1 6 Cr? CO T a b le D .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT B E O T JS W A R E ^ [Geographical groups are defined on p. 32] Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Establish Em ployees ments __ * T o t a l..................................................... i 46 1 1 2 49 25 50 5 7 69.3 68. 7 Ho. 7 49. 4 117.1 ! ! .......T ........ 136 76.9 !! .3 ___ ____ 11 11 18 3 3 117 56 162 8 14 65. 7 63. 5 65. 7 51. 7 82.6 l. 3 4 7 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 46 357 65.7 _____ 11 11 18 3 3 156 87 211 19 27 67.0 65.3 70.1 63.9 93.6 Total..................................................... 46 500 69.3 2 4 ! 11 11 14 3 3 137 64 102 10 31 64.0 63.3 61.0 48. 2 88.2 3 2 1 1 1 42 344 64.7 4 3 Iold runners, male: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Total...................................................... 3 1 5 4 6 1 5 1 1 1 5 6 14 12 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 ! 8 10 1 3 1 9 4 9 7 15 22 21 ! 8 7 23 2 10 12 23 22 11 30 1 27 8 19 1 2 22 | 40 46 64 10 5 6 9 3 9 3 12 2 3 2 21 18 4 19 5 26 1 5 9 3 12 1 3 3 2 57 56 27 6 2 2 2 2 I Total................... ............ ..................... Jigger men: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 2 3 1 5 ! 1 11 9 2 1 1 1 2 6 5 7 17 5 13 1 12 9 25 6 17 11 26 3 26 19 35 2 1 36 13 32 2 2 27 14 32 1 10 9 6 28 1 5 2 2 6 1 7 3 1 1 1 1 5 18 36 52 57 83 85 84 49 18 3 3 1 3 4 4 6 14 3 10 1 13 11 13 4 17 12 21 33 5 16 1 3 17 5 7 1 16 8 5 5 1 2 1 i 14 | 28 22 16 19 1 1 7 4 41 50 59 58 46 25 2 2 1 2 1 6 1 ! ! i 8 j------- 1 INDUSTRY Batters-out, male: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 | i! 11 11 18 3 3 ! | 117 108 81 99 54 i 63 90 72 27 36 Un 4H 1 9 18 45 126 der and 1 and and and and and ! and '! and and and 1 and and and and and 4M under under under under under under 'in der under under under under under under under over 117 126 99 108 54 81 90 45 72 36 63 18 27 9 POTTERY Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Number of employees whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— THE .Laborers, slip house, male: Average hours actually worked in two weeks Finishers, male: Group 1...................................... Group 2.......................................... Group 3 ..................................... Group 5 ...................................... 14 2 5 7 12 7 41 59.0 63.1 65.2 85.7 65.7 10 11 16 3 108 52 113 10 61.9 60.8 56.2 48.8 79.3 Total....................................... 44 291 59.5 Dish makers, male: Group 1...................................... Group 2.......................................... Group 3 -.................................... Group 4...................................... Group 5.......................................... 10 17 2 3 10 51 19 47 2 5 78.0 82.7 74.2 104.6 92.1 124 78.3 12 65.3 58.9 72.5 14 6 2 3 11 Total....................................... 42 Turners, male: Group 1...................................... Group 2.......................................... Group 3...................................... Group 4...................................... Group 5.......................................... 18 3 3 11 11 29 51 7 10 18 11 2 22 11 10 21 35 43 Total....................................... 46 162 67.0 Handlers, male: Group 1...................................... Group 2.......................................... Group 3..................... ................ Group 4...................................... Group 5......................................... 11 11 18 47 24 51 6 7 69.7 59.9 75.9 72.2 87.5 4 3 11 46 135 71.3 11 11 15 3 41 17 37 7 67.9 65.5 82.7 90.3 Total............................... ...... 40 102 74.4 16 5 13 12 5 1 9 4 13 2 78.9 Total....................................... 32 7 24 2 .... 66.8 Handle casters and finishers, male: Group 1................... - ................ Group 2......................................... Group 3..................................... Group 5......................................... 1 7 13 13 3 12 13 7 3 15 18 2 "T .... 11 2 10 5 3 12 21 21 21 20 6 6 1 1 1 ’T 2 1 10 . 10 1 2 2 2 13 16 .... 20 12 10 12 6 12 18 29 1 12 1 1 28 23 1 26 7 5 6 tables 28 General Total....................................... Finishers, female: Group 1...................................... Group 2.......................................... Group 3...................................... Group 4...................................... Group 5...................................... 14 10 _4j 1 1 Y 10 15 11 O* Ox T a b le D .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Handle casters and finishers, female: Em Establish ployees ments Average hours actually worked in two weeks Number of employees whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Un der 108 117 126 99 90 72 * 81 54 63 45 36 27 9 18 4H and and and and and and | and and and | and and and and and and under under un ce' unc er under under under under under under under under under under over 108 117 126 99 81 90 72 54 63 45 27 36 9 18 1 7 10 68.9 1 flrniin d flrAim K 11 11 18 3 3 84 41 107 9 75.9 83.3 79.4 84.1 108.3 Total 46 250 11 10 18 3 2 33 18 40 Total Casters, male: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 __ __________________________ Bagger makers, hand, male: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 fi-rnnn 1 Group 5 _ ~ ................................................ Total................................................... Kiln placers, bisque, male: rfrnnn 1 Ornii'n 9 9 4 3 1 1 1 9 3 10 1 9 3 12 2 14 2 16 11 2 15 14 9 18 14 6 8 3 2 5 5 17 3 3 4 4 7 80.1 6 5 23 26 32 28 41 33 33 18 67.2 67.6 74.0 59.4 110.3 1 1 1 3 3 2 5 5 1 7 8 3 9 9 2 2 1 1 6 7 2 1 1 5 2 2 1 59.7 1 197 2 1 1 3 57.5 54.4 64.2 49.4 71.3 46 2 3 3 11 11 18 3 Total...................................................... 1 1 71.0 3 2 1 2 98 Group 5..................................................... 2 1 44 69 34 76 10 8 flrnnn A. 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 5 10 13 20 14 14 4 4 4 17 4 4 11 11 11 6 15 13 2 2 ““' T 4 2 9 11 2 6 6 13 3 14 28 27 36 18 17 2 38 1 2 5 3 1 1 5 . ===== 1 3 ■ 2 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 1 8 1 • 12 1 12 l.Ji INtfUSTRY 82 7 48.1 69.0 POTTERY 3 2 5 THE 2 2 3 Group 3..................................................... g w Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male: Group 1................................................... . Group 2................................................... . Group 3...................................._.............. Group 4................................................... . Group 5 ....................................................... . Total............................................ ......... 46 108 80 152 35 31 49.8 31.0 47.7 47.9 76.3 406 47.2 Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, female: Group 1............................. ...................... Group 2.................................................. . Group 3................................................. . Group 4...........•_________________ ____ _ Group 5 ................................................... . Total................... ................................ . 45 48.1 170 74 199 19 25 59.0 65.3 77.3 487 43 24 53 55 40 31 18 26 28 21 15 46 56 19 26 37 30 71 53 42 34 18 14 12 102 TABLES 58.5 48.4 65.7 64.1 79.1 Total...................................................... 126 Dippers’ helpers, male: Group 3................................................... . Group 4................................................... . Group 5............ ........................................... 60.8 13 67.0 65.6 Total................... .................................. Dippers’ helpers, female: Group 1........... ......................................... Group 2.............. ...................................... Group 3................ ................................... Group 5......................................................... 36 GENERAL 45 210 Dippers, male: Group 1.................................................... Group 2................................................ . Group 3................. ................................. Group 4............................................ ....... Group 5......................................................... Total...................................................... 24 55.4 30.7 48.1 52.9 84.0 Brushers, female: Group 1......... ................... ...................... Group 2.............. ........ ........................... . Group 3_____________ _______________ Group 4............ ............ ...... ................... Group 5......................................... ........... . Total...................................................... 19 24 74.0 43 109 52.7 43.7 59.8 iL 11 42 261 54.8 17 12 14 18 3 i Oi T a* le D .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED HOURS ACTUALLY WORKED IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GR.OUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E — Continued Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Kiln placers, glost, male: Em Establish ployees ments Number of employees whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— 117 126 108 99 90 54 72 1 81 45 63 9 18 27 | 36 Un 4'A der and and and and j and and I and | and and ! and and and and and and under under under 4H under under under under under under under under under under under over 99 117 126 108 81 54 90 45 63 72 18 27 9 36 60.6 56.0 65.2 48.2 76.9 2 2 1 1 4 5 2 6 11 12 3 4 2 6 3 3 4 1 9 3 18 1 51 17 40 1 1 26 20 32 5 7 26 3 50 ; 20 6 11 2 , 10 8 21 17 31 110 90 81 ! 47 10 5 2 6 9 20 2 2 22 5 5 26 1 10 8 12 3 10 32 17 10 6 16 31 3 3 1 5 5 8 3 3 6 1 15 13 30 26 37 43 64 | ! 54 24 28 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 6 6 3 13 16 3 15 86 16 29 1 1 5 16 73 5 5 9 2 2 4 1 45 432 Dressers, female: Group 1 Group 2 Armi n 3 fir Ann i Group 5..................................................... 11 11 18 3 3 97 43 161 10 24 69.8 67.1 65.0 76. 3 79.3 4 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 Total...................................................... 46 335 | 68.0 6 4 6 11 11 18 1 3 148 52 189 3 15 44 11 11 16 1 2 Warehousemen: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 fir Ann 4 fir Ann n Total...................................................... Gilders and liners, male: fir Aim 1 fir Aim 2 Group 3 fir Ann d fir Aim n _ __________ _ Total............................................ .......... 41 i 1 1 1 2 2 ! 29 8 36 6 86.8 91.0 89.7 49. 7 106.5 4 407 89.1 6 4 3 4 8 22 34 73 133 99 115 37 83 2 12 79.7 75.1 72.0 80.2 89.2 3 1 3 1 1 6 3 1 8 11 5 9 1 11 1 9 24 6 8 36 3 5 26 15 18 1 1 1 6 249 7a 9 ----------- 1 26 22 39 45 1 5 2 2 1 6 4 3 -------- i-------- 13 8 1 < 65 1 • 1 2 2 2 15 4 2 2 1 6 1 2 1 3 2 12 1 3 2 1 INDUSTRY Total...................................................... 62.2 8 POTTERY 158 64 173 14 23 THE 11 10 18 3 3 H-rAiin X Group 5 Average hours actually worked in two weeks 00 Gilders and liners, female: Group 1..................................................... Group 2.................................................... Group 3...... .............................................. Group 4.................................................... Group 5.................................................... 11 9 17 2 Total...................................................... 50 29 238 19 20 72.9 79.9 68.5 61.0 95.9 1 14 2 3 31 3 1 12 3 33 1 356 71.2 18 40 49 Transferrers, deealcomania and print, female Group 1........... ......................................... Group 2..................................................... Group 3 . . . ............................................... Group 4 ................................................... Group 5.................................................... 11 11 18 3 277 168 487 29 61 74.8 78.0 76.4 57.4 87.6 3 2 12 1 18 46 1,022 76.4 11 11 18 43 21 76 76.4 81.0 71.7 92.0 87.2 46 11 11 18 3 46 23 57 5 4 67.1 61.1 75.2 75.4 87.7 Total...................................................... 46 135 70.4 75.6 13 7 24 2 1 27 14 33 42 16 47 5 2 28 37 47 78 112 12 .... 12 2 10 2 15 26 6 ..... 46 22 72 7 5 5 9 30 25 48 36 66 31 78 56 40 118 1 16 5 11 64 1 19 184 231 100 4 1 12 13 3 4 1 2 18 23 | 20 17 16 12 12 1 11 1 1 17 22 TABLES Total..................................................... Packers, male: Group 1.................................................... Group 2...................... ............................. Group 3................................................... Group 4..................................................... Group 5..................................................... 17 8 10 14 4 1 10 6 44 GENEBAL Total...................................................... Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male: Group 1.................................................... Group 2...................................... ............ Group 3................ ...................... ............ Group 4............................................. ...... Group 5 . . ............................................. . 7 2 13 4 2 15 7 T a ble E .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E O) ° [Geographical groups are defined on p. 32] Number of employees whose classified earnings in two weeks were— Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Aver age actual $2.50 $5 $7.50 earn Estab Em ings Un and and and lish ploy in two der un un un ments ees weeks $2.50 der der der $5 $7.50 $10 1 49 $41.30 25 ; 40. 31 50 1 49. 50 is Ki 7 146! 68 2 2 - 2 1 2 1 2 "I’ 7 3 6 1 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 10 3 17 11 12 8 28 3 1 1 4 1 2 1 2 4 8 2 15 46 136 i 44. 22 11 11 18 3 3 117 ! 39. 71 56 36.47 162 36.03 R 14 1 35. 55 Total......................... 46 357 Jigger men: Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 fl-rnnn 4 Group 5_____________ 11 11 18 3 3 156 87 211 19 27 Total......................... 46 500 2 5 7 1i 8 = = — J— ===== —.— ------i 63.97 1 1 1 1 54.58 1 1 63. 76 | 57.01 74.32 ........!........ 1 2 i | 62.54 1 1 M old runners, male: 1 n>i*Aiin 9 Group 3...................... . 11 11 14 137 64 102 35.22 33.55 25.30 ....... 1 4 1 2 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 37.14 i i 3 1 1 1 21 5 $65 and un der $70 $70 and un der $75 $75 and un der $80 $80 and un der $85 3 1 10 1 2 1 2 1 2 i___ 9 2 6 1 2 10 5 4 16 20 19 14 14 7 6 22 1 2 14 20 13 5 18 22 1 2 4 3 21 7 17 19 5 18 6 2 4 2 1 3~ 6 5 3 1 3 1 2 1 j _l___ 1 1 2 3 3 1 26 52 38 50 52 47 42 12 2 4 1 5 5 2 1 4 2 2 1 8 6 12 11 9 11 1 2 10 9 12 9 18 21 2 4 1 2 4 10 25 2 6 15 21 19 2 5 9 11 23 26 1 1 3 1 ----- 2 5 13 9 26 34 43 45 47 39 1 6 13 2 3 6 4 18 20 17 14 21 16 8 14 21 12 7 29 5 6 18 5 1 8 7 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 $90 $95 $100 $110 $120 and andj and and and $130 un un un un un and der der der der der over $95 $100 $110 $120 $130 1 7 1 1 $85 and un der $90 $60 and un der $65 INDUSTRY 2 1 4 Total......................... $35 and un der $40 ■. Batters-out, male: D-rnnfi 1 rirnnn 9 rtrniin 5 riraiin d. Group 5...................... . 1 2 1 1 $30 and un der $35 POTTERY 11 11 18 3 3 $40 $45 $50 $55 and and and and un un un un der der der der $45 $50 $55 $60 $25 and un der $30 $20 and un der $25 THE Laborers, slip house, male: rirAITH 1 rirAnn O rJ-rAiifi 5 ufUUp Group 5........................ $10 $12.50 $15 and and and un un un der der der $12.50 $15 $20 47 53 1 I 10 7 12 4 6 15 ”22" 6 1 1 3 1 31 32 ! 25 2 4 5 3 7 "T 3 1 4 1 2 4 ----- 16 8 12 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 19.45 23.63 Group 4............ Group 5_______ 344 ,21898 Total..........— Finishers, male: Group 1............ Group 2............ Group 3............ Group 5.............. Total............. 2? 35.75 108 52 113 10 34.39 29.46 29.28 20.80 39.35 291 31.19 Total............. 63.66 Turners, male: Group 1............ Group 2......... . Group 3_______ Group 4............ Group 5_______ 54.34 71.14 40.24 92.21 46 162 Handlers, male: Group 1............ Group 2. ........... Group 3............ Group 4.......... Group 5________ 26 40 29 25 16 63.10 11 23 44 40 10 13 14 20 17 18 15 13 13 12 1 3 3 66.51 62.35 73. 82 43.92 77.61 46 135 68.10 TABLES 60.05 62.67 64.86 72.41 89.65 Total........... 41 GENERAL 44 68 Dish makers, male: Group 1............ Group 2............ Group 3............ Group 4_______ Group 5............. Total............. 42 34.56 31. 36 35.68 43.77 Finishers, female: Group 1_______ Group 2............ Group 3............ Group 4............ Group 5............ Total............. 30.47 3 1 L 14 10 T a b le E .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEO GRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Aver age actual $2.50 $5 $7.50 earn Estab Em ings Un and and and lish ploy- in two der un un un de^ der ments weeks $2.50 der 50 $10 $5 102 39.27 10 25.32 84 41 107 67.43 65.43 78.70 52.02 92.96 Total....................... . 72.29 68.06 57.96 73.24 53.13 86.56 $50 and un der $55 $55 and un der $60 $60 and un der $65 $65 and un der $70 $70 and un der $75 16 23 $75, $30 and; and un-;un der |der $80 $85 $85 and un der $90 $95 $100 $110 $120 and and and and and $130 un un un un un and der der der der der over $95 $100 $110 $120 $130 10 34.05 21.62 21.57 Sagger makers, hand, male: Group 1................... Group 2................... Group 3................... Group 4....... ........... Group 5................... Total.................... $20 $25 |$30 $35 $40 $45 and and; and and and and un un un un der der der der $25 $401 $45 $50 68.27 INDUSTRY Total...................... $10 $12.50 $15 and and and un un un der der der $12.50 $15 $20 $35.79 33. OS 45.21 43.41 Handle casters and finish ers, female: Group 1....... .............. . Group 2...................... Group 3...................... Casters, male: Group 1...................... Group 2...................... Group 3...................... Group 4...................... Group 5...................... Number of employees whose classified earnings in two weeks were— POTTERY Total_____________ to THE Handle casters and finish ers, male: Group 1....... .............. . Group 2...................... Group 3...................... Group 5...................... a> 10 16 12 10 23 30 Kiln placers, bisque, male: Group 1........................ Group 2........................ Group 3....................... Group 4....................... Group 5............ .......... Total........................ Kiln drawers, bisque and glost, male: Group 1....................... Group 2....................... Group 3....................... Group 4....................... Group 5....................... Total........................ 69 34 76 18 3 3 10 8 60.78 58.32 66.62 47.29 82.81 1 1 2 ___ 2 6 5 6 4 7 7 5 46 --------- 197 62.82 ----------- 11 11 18 3 3 108 80 152 35 31 38.44 22.62 36.31 32.47 36.90 1 1 46 406 33.89 2 13 22 17 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 3 13 3 = * = = "T"~ 11 11 58 44 89 11 8 45 210 22.07 11 10 18 3 3 170 74 199 19 25 21.02 Total....................... 45 487 21.21 Dippers, male: Group 1....................... Group 2....................... Group 3....................... Group 4....................... Group 5....................... 18 3 3 Total....................... 46 Total........................ 11 11 1 22.58 18.90 22.58 19.10 75.02 1 4 8 2 24 4 9 5 6 38 22 ______ 18 36 1 2 "T 4 13 17 1 4 4 4 3 9 3 4 3 4 6 1 1 13 2 13 7 53 1 3 3 9 21 15 17 5 1 12 1 =saa = 4 5 30 1 2 7 1 2 10 17 9 2 1 8 14 9 4 1 2 1 17 12 29 s 11 8 5 1 2 1 2 9 14 2 6 9 11 11 11 16 3 15 6 1 7 2 1 " ’ 5" 6 12 34 26 1 7 10 12 11 5 4 14 ” <T " T " s ’ 3 5 3 1 22 20 41 38 2 15 3 74 17 60 9 9 41 31 48 18 77 169 130 32 3 27 18 1 2 2 2 2 2 4 3 2 5 6 3 3 4 22 8 12 8 4 11 1 2 2 8 3 3 3 5 3 1 1 1 7 5 1 1 24 13 3 8 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 2 12 6 1 4 1 1 1 = 1 20 16 2 9 7 5 10 25 1 2 12 1 4 5 23 8 37 1 6 4 4 1 1 I 7 10 1 6 1 2 19 1 1 5 2 1 2 2 9 3 1 5 3 "’ ii” 22 6 2 2 3 4 45 76.56 20 67.50 52 73.48 4 65.10 5 115.27 126 2 1 TABLES 2 Brushers, female: Group 1....................... Group 2....................... Group 3....................... Group 4...................... . Group 5....................... 1 fi 7 — ■■■— 27.58 13.69 22.40 18.63 29.33 18 3 2 1 1 1 GENERAL Drawers (in warehouse), bisque and glost, fe male: Group 1....................... Group 2....................... Group 3....................... Group 4....................... Group 5....................... 11 11 1 1 1 2 2 4 ------- 2 2 1 1 3 3 2 6 4 4 "2" 5 1 g 1 9 2 1 3 7 4 4 8 1 115 14 5 8 1 9 2 4 4 "I" 3 1 4 2 g 2 2 14 i $ 18 7 5 1 2 11 2 * O CO T able E .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS, 1925, BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E — Continued Number of— Occupation, sex, and geographical group Aver age actual $2.50 $5 $7.50 Estab Em earn Un and and and lish- ploy- ings der un un un in two $2.50 der der der ments weeks $5 $7.50 $10 Dippers’ helpers, male: Group 3.................... Group 4 . . . . . . . ......... Group 5.................... 12 45 Dressers, female: Group 1.................... Group 2............ ........ Group 3............ ........ Group 4.................... Group 5.................... Total..................... $20 and un der $25 $25 and un der $30 and un der $35 84 16 $35 and un der $40 $40 and un der $45 $45 and un der $50 $50 and un der $55 $55 and un der $60 $60 and un der $65 $65 and un der $70 $70 and un der $75 $75 $85 $90 $95 $100 $110 $120 and and and and and and and and $130 un un un un un un un un and der der der der der der der der over $85 $90 $95 $100 $110 $120 $130 46 24 27.26 98 109 11 21.25 18.24 21.70 23.21 261 21.03 158 64 173 14 23 65.16 54.73 65.99 54.31 88.71 432 64.85 97 43 161 10 24 28.28 21.58 21. 87 23.26 20.98 $35 23.67 31 13 13 36 73 INDUSTRY 42 Kiln placers, glost, male: Group 1......... ........... Group 2.................... Group 3............ ........ Group 4.................... Group 5.................... Total..................... $15 and un der $20 POTTERY Total..................... $10 $12.50 end and un un der der $12.50 $15 THE Total..................... Number of employees whose classified earnings in two weeks were— $27.70 23.20 30.33 Dippers’ helpers, female: Group 1.................... Group 2.................... Group 3............... . Group 5—. . —. ......... 05 29 15 15 10 25 57 31 15 18 42 77 52 37 20 W arehousemen: Group 1........................ Group 2....................... Group 3............... ........ Group 4........................ Group 5_____________ Total......................... Gilders and liners, male: Group 1........................ Group 2........................ Group 3........................ Group 4_____________ Group 5............ . ......... Total........... ............ Kiln placers and drawers, decorating, male: Group 1............ . .......... Group 2........................ Group 3........................ Group 4____. . . . . . ___ Group 5........................ Total......................... Packers, male: Group 1........................ Group 2........................ Group 3........................ Group 4........................ Group 5........................ Total................ ....... 407 52.11 115 37 41 249 64.92 55.40 49.59 37.72 68.87 58.37 42 50 29 238 19 20 356 43.07 53.30 34.53 34.51 39.97 37.56 46 277 168 487 29 61 1,022 32.41 33.05 25.77 23.32 24.63 2a 63 152 60.16 53.16 59.86 45.29 58.37 46 13 1 19 20 13 2 1 27 4 _1_ 35 2 11 9 7 24 2 14 1 18 46 44 18 16 34 19 7 4 21 "r 81 90 76 7 3 12 16 5 2 “T 24 23 11 1 3 6 17 2 1 2 31 I T T 41 50 27 18 31 86 117 56 3 1 8 2 7 6 171 119 59 27 16 10 1 3 57 19 135 65.85 59.95 13 13 18 38 2 2 10 1 3 18 13 56.64 50.94 65.32 46 18 TABLES Transferrers, decalcomania and print, female: Group 1........................ Group 2........................ Group 3........................ Group 4................. ...... Group 5........................ Total......................... 51.02 54.37 52.53 23.28 55.34 GENERAL Gilders and liners, female: Group 1........................ Group 2....................... Group 3........................ Group 4........................ Group 5........................ Total......................... 44 148 52 189 3 15 18 12 6 4 5 1 2 18 o> Cnt 66 the pottery in d u s t r y F .—SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E T a b le [Geographical groups are defined on page 32] Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci fied number of days in two weeks 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 Total JIGGER MEN Group 1 (U potteries): $15 and under $20— $20 and under $25— $25 and under $30— $30 and under $35— $35 and under $40— $40 and under $45— $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60— $60 and under $65— $65 and under $70— $70 and under $75— $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90__ $90 and under $95___ $95 and under $100— $100 and under $110.. $110 and under $120.. $120 and under $130Total.. 2 4 5 4 8 11 10 9 4 15 21 19 10 7 14 3 2 5 2 1 25 20 23 57 156 Group 2 (11 potteries): $2.5 Cand under $5... $5 and under $7.50.... $10 and under $12.50. $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $85 and under $90___ $90 and under $95___ $100 and under $110.. 12 9 10 9 2 5 4 6 3 1 12 ^otaL . 24 15 12 87 Group 3 (18 potteries): $10 and under $12.50.. $12.50 and under $15.. $15 and under $20___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90___ $90 and under $95___ $95 and under $100... $100 and under $110.. $110 and under $120.. Total.. 1 1 1 2 2 12 11 18 21 25 11 23 26 15 22 6 7 2 4 1 20 20 21 37 37 38 24 GENERAL TABLES 67 F .—SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con. T a b le Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of emp yees in each earnings group working on each sped* fied number of days in two weeks 14 Total j i g g e r m e n —c o n t i n u e d Group 4 (3 potteries): $15 and under $20$25 and under $30.. $30 and under $35.. $40 and under $45_. $45 and under $50.. $50 and under $55.. $55 and under $60.. $60 and under $65.. $65 and under $70.. $70 and under $75.. $75 and under $80.. $130 and over......... 19 Total.. KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE Group 1 (11 potteries): $5 and under $7.50................. . $12.50 and under $15............... $20 and under $25.................... $25 and under $30.................... $30 and under $35.................... $40 and under $45.................... $45 and under $50.................... $50 and under $55................... $55 and under $60..... ............ $60 and under $65................... $65 and under $70.................... $70 and under $75.................. . $75 and under $80.................... $80 and under $85.................. . $90 and under $95.................... $95 and under $100................. . Total.. 5 2 14 4 * 2 Group 2 (11 potteries): $7.50 and under $10$35 and under $40__ $40 and under $45__ $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55__ $55 and under $60— $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ 34 Total. . Group 3 (18 potteries): $7.50 and under $10.. $25 and under $30___ $35 and under $40— $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65— $65 and under $70___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90___ $90 and under $95___ $95 and under $100— $100 and under $110.. Total____________ 1 3 4 5 7 1 9 8 4 11 8 3 5 3 4 1 15 18 6 20 76 68 the pottery in d u s t r y F .— SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con. T a b le Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci fied number of days in two weeks 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE— COn. Group 4 (3 potteries): $30 and under $35....................... $35 and under $40....................... $50 and under $55— ................ $55 and under $60....................... $75 and under $80.......... .......... . 10 Total.. Group 5 (3 potteries): $60 and under $65— $65 and under $70— $70 and under $75__ $80 and under $85__ $95 and under $100... $100 and under $110$110 and under $1202 Total.. 4 Group 5 (3 potteries): $40 and under $45— $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55— $55 and under $60__ $60 and under $65— $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80__ $80 and under $85__ $85 and under $90— $90 and under $95... $95 and under $100— $100 and under $110.. $120 and under $130Total.. 16 KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST, MALE Cfffkip 1 (11 potteries): Under $2.50............... $2.50 and under $5... $5 and under $7.50... $7.50 and under $10.. $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75— Total.. 11 11 11 11 2 5 14 10 17 20 19 Group 2 (11 potteries): Under $2.50_______ __________ $2.50 and under $5................. $5 and under $7.50................. $7.50 and under $10............... $10 and under $12.50.............. $12.50 and under $15.............. $15 and under $20.................. $25 and under $30.................. $30 and under $35__________ $35 and under $40.................. $60 and under $65.................. Total.. 108 2 24 5 10 7 8 20 15 80 69 GENERAL TABLES F .— SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con. T a b le Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci fied number of days in two weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST, m a l e — c o n tin u e d Group 3 (18 potteries): $2.50 and under $5... $5 and under $7.60__ $7.50 and under $10.. $10 and under $12.50. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90___ $90 and under $95___ TotalGroup 4 (3 potteries): $5 and under $7.50— $10 and under $12.50. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30,— $30 and under $35___ $40 and under $45...^ $45 and under $50___ $55 and under $60___ $75 and under $80___ TotalGroup 5 (3 potteries): $2.50 and under $5 ... $5 and under $7.50.. $10 and under $12.50. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $50 and under $55___ $60 and under $65___ $70 and under $75___ Total- 4 7 5 5 3 9 22 33 35 12 | 15 23 20 16 3 15 6 6 3 1 1 2 1 152 7 2 2 1 1 2 6 12 1 1 10 1 1 2 1 2 7 1 5 3 1 3 4 31 10 KILN PLACERS, GLOST, MALE Group 1 (11 potteries): $5 and under $7.50__ $10 and under $12.50.. $12.50 and under $15.. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $65 and under $90..^.. Total.. 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 10 1 4 2 11 17 29 29 22 10 12 1 5 11 7 25 57 25 19 158 70 th e p o t t e r y in d u s tr y F .— SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Con. T a b le Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each speci fied number of days in two weeks 10 12 14 Total KILN PLACERS, GLOST, MALE— COntd. Group 2 (10 potteries): $5 and under $7.50............ ......... $12.50 and under $15................... $20 and under $25....................... $30 and under $35.................... . $35 and under $40....................... $40 and under $45....................... $45 and under $50.................... $50 and under $55....................... $55 and under $60..................... $60 and under $65....................... $65 and under $70....................... $75 fend under $80....................... $80 and under $85....................... Total........................................ Group 3 (18 potteries): $2.50 and under $5__ $7.50 and under $10. $15 and under $20— $20 and under $25— $25 and under $30— $30 and under $35.. _ $35 and under $40— $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55— $55 and under $60... $60 and under $65— $65 and under $70... $70 and under $75— $75 and under $80... $80 and under $85— $85 and under $90— $90 and under $95... Total.................... Group 4 (3 potteries): $7.50 and under $10 . $25 and under $30— $35 and under $40... $40 and under $45. . $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55... $70 and under $75... $75 and under $80—_ Total..... .............. Group 5 (3 potteries): $45 and under $50___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $80 and under $85___ $90 and under $95— . $100 and under $110... $110 and under $120... Total...................... . 5 1 13 13 2 _64 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 1 7 26 17 33 30 15 16 8 12 38 22 32 173 23 t r a n s f e r r e r s , d e c a l c o m a n ia a n d PRINT, FEMALE Group 1 (11 potteries): $5 and under $7.50....... ............ $7.50 and under $10................... $10 and under $12.50................. $12.50 and under $15................. $15 and under $20..................... $20 and under $25..................... $25 and under $30_____ ______ $30 and under $35...................... $35 and under $40...................... $40 and under $45...................... $45 and under $50..................... $50 and under $55...................... $55 and under $60...................... $60 and under $65...................... $65 and under $70...................... $70 and under $75..................... $75 and under $80...................... Total...................................... 26 37 38 96 1 1 2 56 5 3 2 9 16 44 . 51 50 27 27 20 6 8 3 3 1 2 277 71 GENERAL TABLES F .—SPECIFIED DAYS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M I V I T R E O U S W A R E —Con. T a b le Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings in two weeks Number of employees in each earnings group working on each spedfied number of days in two weeks 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total TRANSFERRERS, DECALCOMANIA AND p r in t , f e m a l e — co n tin u e d Group 2 (11 potteries): $2.60 and under $5.... $5 and under $7.60__ $7.50 and under $10. $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15_ $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35----$35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60----$60 and under $65----$70 and under $75___ Total.. 2 1 2 4 7 11 18 26 18 31 16 12 14 3 2 1 10 24 49 38 Group 3 (18 potteries): Under $2.50_________ $2.50 and under $5__ $5 and under $7.50__ $7.50 and under $10. $10 and under $12.50$12.50 and under $15.. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35..... $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $55 and under $60___ 168 3 11 6 14 7 24 52 117 56 10 4 1 Total.. Group 4 (3 potteries): $5 and under $7.50__ $7.50 and under $10-. $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ 29 Total.. Group 5 (3 potteries): Under $2.50.— .......... $2.50 and under $5— $5 and under $7.50__ $10 and under $12.50.. $12.50 and under $15.. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $60 and under $55___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ Total- 1 2 2 4 3 17 8 7 6 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 13 27 61 72 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS; 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le [Geographical groups are defined on p. 32] Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Occupation, sex, g e o g r a p h ic a l group, and classified earnings 4H 18 27 36 in two weeks and and and and and un un un der der der 9 36 45 45 54 63 72 and and and and un un un un der der der der 54 63 72 81 81 90 108 and and and and 117 un un un un and To der der der der over tal 90 108 117 JIGGER MEN Group 1 (11 potteries): $15 and under $20— $20 and under $25— $25 and under $30— $30 and under $35— $35 and under $40— $40 and under $45— $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55— $55 and under $60— $60 and under $65— $65 and under $70— $70 and under $75— $75 and under $80— $80 and under $85— $85 and under $90— $90 and under $95— $95 and under $100... $100 and under $110.. $110 and under $120.. $120 and under $130.. 2 4 5 4 8 11 10 9 4 15 21 19 10 7 12 5 4 3 2 1 Total.. 17 12 26 36 27 156 Group 2 (11 potteries): $2.50 and under $5__ $5 and under $7.50__ $10 and under $12.50. $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30----$30 and under $35----$35 and under $40----$40 and under $45----$45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60----$60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70----$70 and under $75----$75 and under $80___ $85 and under $90----$90 and under $95___ $100 and under $110.. Total.. 12 9 10 9 2 5 4 6 3 .1 5 11 5 19 87 14 Group 3 (18 potteries): $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90___ $90 and under $95___ $95 and under $100— $100 and under $110.. $110 and under $120Total.. 1 1 1 2 2 12 11 18 21 25 11 23 26 15 22 6 7 2 4 1 25 35 32 28 6 211 73 GENERAL TABLES G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings 4H in two weeks and un der jig g e r m en— 9 18 27 and and and un un un der der der 18 27 36 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 and and and and and and and and and 117 un un un un un un un un un and To der der der der der der der der der over tal 45 54 72 81 90 108 117 c o n t in u e d Group 4 (3 potteries): $15 and under $20.. $25 and under $30.. $30 and under $35.. $40 and under $45.. $45 and under $50-. $50 and under $55.. $55 and under $60.. $60 and under $65.. $65 and under $70.. $70 and under $75.. $75 and under $80.. $130 and over......... 19 Total.. Group 5 (3 potteries): $40 and under $45__ $45 and under $50__ $50 and under $55..... $55 and under $60__ •$60 and under $65__ $70 and under $75__ $75 and under $80__ $80 and under $85__ $85 and under $90__ $90 and under $95__ $95 and under $100... $100 and under $110.. $120 and under $130.. Total.. KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE Group 1 (11 potteries): $5 and under $7.50-_. $12.50 and under $15. $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $90 and under $95... $95 and under $100..., Total.. Group 2 (11 potteries): $7.50 and under $10. $35 and under $40.... $40 and under $45.... $45 and under $50__ $50 and under $55.... $55 and under $60.... $60 and under $65.... $65 and under $70.... $70 and under $75.... $75 and under $80___. $80 and under $85.... Total.. 5 2 14 4 8 2 3 3 17 11 1 6 4 1 2 1 1 9 3 4 2 34 74 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY G .— CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— S E M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Occupation, sex, geographical 9 18 27 group, and classified earnings and and and and in two weeks un un un un der der der der 18 27 36 45 54 and and and un der 45 63 72 81 90 99 108 and and and and and and 117 un un un and To un der der der der over tal 72 108 117 KILN PLACERS, BISQUE, MALE— COn. Group 3 ( _________ $7.60 and under $10. $25 and under $30__ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55__ $55 and under $60__ $60 and under $65.... $65 and under $70__ $75 and under $80__ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90___ $90 and under $95___ $95 and under $100... $100 and under $110- 4 11 Total. 76 Group 4 (3 potteries): $30 and under $35.. $35 and under $40.. $50 and under $55.. $55 and under $60.. $75 and under $80_. Total. Group 5 (3 potteries): $60 and under $65__ $65 and under $70__ $70 and under $75.... $80 and under $85__ $95 and under $100._. $100 and under $110.. $110 and under $120.. Total.. KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST, MALE Group 1 (11 potteries): Under $2.50................ $2.50 and under $5__ $5 and under $7.50__ $7.50 and under $10... $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ Total.. 1 5 6 9 11 11 11 11 2 5 10 10 15 11 19 108 75 GENERAL TABLES G .— CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Occupation, sex, geographical 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 group, and classified earnings 4M and and and and and and and and a n d in two weeks un u n un un un un un der der der der der der d e r 18 27 45 72 81 81 90 and and a n d un un u n der der d e r 108 90 108 and 117 un a n d To der over tal 117 KILN DRAWERS, BISQUE AND GLOST, m a l e — c o n tin u e d Group 2 (11 potteries): Under $2.50............... . $2.50 and under $5— $5 and under $7.50— $7.50 and under $10.. $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $60 and under $65___ Total.. 1 6 2 6 9 2 24 5 10 7 8 22 80 20 Group 3 (18 potteries): $2.50 and under $5__ $5 and under $7.50__ $7.50 and under $10. $10 and under $12.50.. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ ,$25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90___ $90 and under $95___ Total.. 4 7 5 5 3 9 22 23 20 16 3 15 6 6 3 1 1 2 1 27 31 152 29 Group 4 (3 potteries): $5 and under $7.50... $10 and under $12.50$15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $55 and under $60___ $75 and under $80___ 7 2 2 1 1 2 6 12 1 1 35 Total.. Group 5 (3 potteries): $2.50 and under $5__ $5 and under $7.50__ $10 and under $12.50. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25..^. $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40----$40 and under $45___ $50 and under $55___ $60 and under $65___ $70 and under $75___ Total- 1 1 2 1 2 7 1 5 3 1 3 4 12 3 | 1 .! 31 76 th e p o t t e e y in d u s t r y G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—SEMIVITRlSOTTS W A R E — Continued T a b le Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings 4'A 9 18 27 I 36 45 and and and and and and in two weeks un un un un- un un der der der der der der 18 27 36 45 54 54 63 72 81 90 and and and and and un- un un un un d«r der der der der 72 81 90 1108 and and 117 -un un and To der der over tal 108 117 KILN PLACERS, GLOST, HALE Group 1 (11 potteries): $5 and under $7.50— $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70----$70 and under $75___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ $85 and under $90___ Total . 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 10 1 4 2 11 17 29 29 22 10 12 2 158 12 Group 2 (10 potteries:) $5 and under $7.50... $12.50 and under $15. $20 and under $25___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $75 and under $80___ $80 and under $85___ 1 13 13 2 17 Total.. 64 20 Group 3 (18 potteries): $2.50 and under $5— $7.50 and under $10. $15 and under $20... $20 and under $25... $25 and under $30— $30 and under $35— $35 and under $40—. $45 and under $50... $50 and under $55— $55 and under $60— $60 and under $65— $65 and under $70— $70 and under $75— $75 and under $80— $80 and under $85... $85 and under $90— $90 and under $95— Total.. .... 3 18 40 32 50 4 11 | 8 1 2 1 1 4 2 3 1 7 26 17 33 30 15 16 8 6 173 77 GENERAL TABLES T able G .— CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARN INGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP—SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Occupation, sex, geographical group, and classified earnings 4M 9 18 27 36 45 54 and and and and and and and in two weeks un nu- un un un un un der der der der der der d e r 9 18 27 36 45 54 108 72 81 90 and and and and and and 117 un un un un un u n and To der der der der der der over tal 108 117 72 81 90 KILN FLACEBS, GLOST, MALE— COn. Group 4 (3 potteries): $7.50 and under $10. $25 and under $30.... $35 and under $40__. $40 and under $4£._.. $45 and under $50— $50 and under $55... $70 and under $75— $75 and under $80— Total.. Group 5 (3 potteries): $45 and under $50___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ $80 and under $85__ $90 and under $95— $100 and under $110.. $110 and under $120.. Total.. 23 10 TRANSFERRERS, DECALCOMANIA AND PRINT, FEMALE Group 1 (11 potteries): $5 and under $7.50... $7.50 and under $10.. $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20----- 5 3 2 9 16 44 $20 and under $25----- 51 50 27 27 20 $25 and under $30----$30 and under $35----$35 and under $40----$40 and under $45----$45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60----$60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70----$70 and under $75----$75 and under $80----Total.. 86315°—26----- G 6 8 3 3 1 2 7 8 13 27 42 46 56 277 t h e p o t t e r y in d u s t r y 78 G . — CLASSIFIED HOURS WORKED AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS IN TWO WEEKS IN FIVE SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, 1925, BY SEX AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUP— SE M IV IT R E O U S W A R E — Continued T a b le Number of employees in each earnings group whose classified hours of work in two weeks were— Occupation, sex, geographical 4 ^ 18 27 36 45 54 group, and classified earnings and and and'and and and and in two weeks un un un un der der der der 18 54 63 63 72 81 90 and and and and nn- un un un der der der der 72 81 90 108 and and 117 un un and To der der over tal 108 117 t r a n s f e r r e r s , d e c a l c o m a n ia a n d p r i n t , f e m a l e —-continued Group 2 (11 potteries): $2.50 and under $5...................... $5 and under $7.50___ $7.50 and under $10.. $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20— $20 and under $25----$25 and under $30----$30 and under $35----$35 and under $40— $40 and under $45— $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $55 and under $60— $60 and under $65---$70 and under $75— 1 2 2 4 7 11 18 26 18 31 16 12 14 3 2 1 31 Total.. Group 3 (18 potteries): Under $2.50............... $2.50 and under $5— $5 and under $7.50__ $7.50 and under $10 $10 and under $12.50$12.50 and under $15_ $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25---$25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35.... $35 and under $40---$40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $55 and under $60---- 3 6 14 7 24 52 96 86 117 56 10 4 1 13 14 24 33 47 72 64 487 jlIjl 29 78 118 Total.. Group 5 (3 potteries): Under $2.50— ............ $2.50 and under $5.... $5 and under $7.50__ $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25___ $25 and under $30___ $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ $45 and under $50___ $50 and under $55___ $60 and under $65___ $65 and under $70___ $70 and under $75___ 168 11 Total.. Group 4 (3 potteries): $5 and under $7.50... $7.50 and under $10._ $10 and under $12.50. $12.50 and under $15. $15 and under $20___ $20 and under $25— $25 and under $30— $30 and under $35___ $35 and under $40___ $40 and under $45___ Total.. 40 1 2 2 4 3 17 8 7 6 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 9 16 19 | 2 INDEX NUMBERS OF PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT 79 INDEX NUMBERS OF PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT, 1923 TO 1925 The number of glost kilns is the standard unit of production in the pottery industry in the United States. The amount earned each pay period by the wage earners during a specified period of time also tends to indicate the general trend of business and employment during that period. To obtain an index of production and thus be able to show approxi mately the trend of conditions in the pottery industry, the bureau obtained the number of glost kilns drawn each month and the amount of the pay rolls for two weeks ending nearest the 15th of each month, January, 1923, to September, 1925, whenever available, from the records of each of the potteries included in the study. Index numbers of kilns drawn and of pay roll totals have been com puted, with the January, 1923, figures as the base, or 100 per cent, and are presented in Table 1 1 . The index numbers for semivitreous ware show a general downward trend during the period, #anuary, 1923, to September, 1925, the trend of pay roll being less marked than that for kilns 4rawn except in July, 1924 and 1925, when according to statements of company officials and others well informed as to con ditions in the industry, more potteries than usual were closed at this time of year. It is the general practice to close the semivitreous potteries near the end of June for about 10 days or two weeks for the annual vacation and for repairs. The aggregate amount of the pay rolls for the two weeks ending nearest the 15th of July, 1924 and 1925, was much less than that for the same period in July, 1923, and considerably less than that for the same period in other months. Consequently the index numbers for July are lower than those for other months. The index numbers for the pay rolls in July, 1924 and 1925, were influenced to a greater extent than those for glost kilns drawn because the entire effect of the closing was spread over the first half of the month for the pay rolls and over the entire month for glost kilns. The fact that the data for glost kilns drawn are for a month while the pay rolls are for only two weeks in the month is undoubtedly largely responsible for the difference between the index number of the two series. Index numbers for vitreous ware show a small downward trend in the number of glost kilns drawn between January, 1923, and Sep tember, 1925, and an increase in the amount of the pay rolls. As stated above in regard to semivitreous ware, the difference in the trend of index numbers for glost kilns and for pay rolls may be due to the fact that the data for glost kilns are for the whole month while the data for the pay rolls are for two weeks ending nearest the 15th of each month. The trend is a direct verification of statements of officials of vitreous potteries, who in discussing conditions made little or no complaint as to business conditions. In the present study pay-roll data were not obtained for a full month because the bureau has for several years been receiving from a majority of the potteries covered in this study reports as to the number of employees and the amount of the pay roll for. the pay period ending nearest the 15th of each month. Having the pay-roll data for so many it seemed inadvisable to go through old records to get full-month figures as to pay rolls. With this limitation, the 80 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY trend of pay-roll figures through the 33-month period fairly represents conditions in the industry. No wage adjustments of any importance were made during the period covered. T able 11.—IN D E X N U M BERS OF PRODU CTION A N D OF E M P L O Y M E N T JANUARY, 1923, TO SE PTE M B E R, 1925, BY M ONTHS [January, 1923=100.0] Index numbers Index numbers Year and month Semivitreous Vitreous Year and month 1924 January... February.. March...... April......... M ay......... 100.0 94.5 114.6 107.7 114.4 109.3 84.8 110.8 100.0 103.6 105.3 111.9 112.1 111.2 87.0 109.6 100.0 96.2 111.5 106.4 106.4 109.0 91.0 102.6 100.0 102.8 112.2 114.1 115.6 120.5 108.6 120.6 108.0 112.7 112.4 97.6 110.2 114.5 119.3 122.9 103.9 114.1 109.0 107.7 125.2 132.1 129.3 138.9 112.1 111.6 122.5 123.8 124.2 120.9 111.5 105.1 118.0 119.0 118.0 136.5 140.1 138.9 142.5 139.0 114.2 118.7 115.6 116.5 Vitreous Glost Amount Glost Amount kilns of pay kilns of pay drawn rolls drawn rolls Glost Amount Glost Amount kilns kilns of pay lfsy drawn rolls drawn °rfoP 1923 January. _. February.. March...... April........ May.......... June.......... July.......... August___ September. O ctober... November. December. Semivitreous 1924 June.......... July.......... August___ September. October__ November. December . 102.0 71.3 94.9 91.7 93.4 81.6 81.5 1925 January... February.. March....... April......... May.......... June.......... July.......... August___ September. 96.4 99.2 95.8 93.8 83.3 64.6 87.4 87.8 110.8 114.9 102.1 90.4 103.4 100.7 103.7 90.5 94.6 138.8 108.2 124.7 127.1 122.7 125.7 124.5 94.4 107.6 108.9 104.8 100.4 91.1 46.7 97.6 92.6 77.3 83.4 93.6 95.6 85.4 101.7 87.5 84.4 94.6 117.4 120.7 121.9 116.8 116.6 121.3 106.9 122.2 117.5 62.2 100.4 99.2 LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS SEMIVITREOUS WARE The pottery industry is subject to losses during the process of manufacture, from the forming of the clay until the ware is packed for shipment. The ware has many chances of being broken during its course throughout the factory, and it may be spoiled in the kiln by cracking, by warping, or by kiln dirt. The majority of potteries keep more or less of a record of losses as the ware passes through the kilns, and some few have records of losses in addition to those at the kilns. The kiln losses are measured by weight, by dozen, or by list price, with prevalence of method in the order named. Some potteries use two or all three of these meth ods. A very few potteries, having no records as to kiln losses, gave estimates, but such estimates are not here considered, though the estimates all fell well within the range of the recorded figures. Of the 46 semivitreous potteries covered, 36 reported the per centage of broken bisque ware. The average loss, without regard to the size of the several potteries, was 5.9 per cent, distributed as follows: Broken bisque ware Potteries 3 and under 4 per cent____________________________________ 4 and under 5 per cent___________________________________ 5 and under 6 per cent___________________________________ 6 and under 7 per cent___________________________ ________ 7 and under 8 per cent___________________________________ 9 and under 10 per cent___ _______________________________ 10 and under 11 per cent__ 1______________________________ 5 8 9 5 5 1 3 81 LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS Losses at the glost kilns are generally recognized as of two kinds— lump and broken ware and “ thirds.” There seems to be no standard or uniform system of sorting ware in the industry as a whole, the standard of one pottery not being exactly the same as that of another. Broken ware is what the name implies. Lump is ware so warped or cracked or otherwise damaged by kiln fixing that, if sold, it would hardly bring enough to pay the cost of loading onto cars for ship ment. “ Thirds” is ware warped or otherwise damaged, but salable at a very low price. As indicated, there is an indefinite zone between lump and thirds, and also an indefinite zone between thirds and the next higher grade of ware. The unweighted average for the 29 semivitreous potteries which had actual records of the percentage of lump and broken ware was 4.1 per cent. The number of potteries having each specified percent age of loss from lump and broken ware combined was as follows: L u m p a n d b rok en w are Potteries 1 and under 2 per cent-----------------------------------------------------2 and under 3 per cent________ ___________________________ 3 and under 4 per cent___________________________________ 4 and under 5 per cent___________________________________ 5 and under 6 per cent___________________________________ 6 and under 7 per cent-----------------------------------------------------7 and under 8 per cent__ _________________________________ 9 and under 10 per cent__________________________________ 10 and under 11 per cent_________________________________ 15 and under 16 per cent_________________________________ 1 12 6 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 Loss from thirds averaged (unweighted) 20.6 per cent for the 29 semivitreous potteries reporting from records. The number of potteries having each specified percentage of loss on account of thirds was as follows: T h ir d s Potteries Under 15 per cent------------------------------------------------------------15 and under 20 per cent_________________________________ 20 ancj under 25 per cent_________________________________ 25 and under 30 per cent__________ _______________________ 30 and under 35 per cent_________________________________ 3 11 7 6 2 Loss of broken and defective ware at the decorating kiln is small. The average loss without regard to size of potteries was 1.4 per cent for the 22 semivitreous potteries for which figures as to losses were reported, classified as follows: B r o k e n a n d d e fe c tiv e w a r e a t d e c o r a tin g k iln s Potteries Under one-half of 1 per cent______________________________ __ 2 One-half of 1 per cent and under 1 per cent________________ __ 8 1 and under 2 per cent_____________________ ______________ __ 7 2 and under 3 per cent___________________________________ ___1 3 and under 4 per cent________ ______________ ____________ __ 2 4 and under 5 per cent___________________________________ __ 1 5 and under 6 per cent__ 1________________________________ __ 1 In semivitreous potteries a kiln day is at this time 200 cubic feet of space in bisque kilns and 112 in glost kilns. A t the time of the study the number of kilns placed and drawn in two weeks and the capacity in cubic feet was obtained. The time worked by the placers (includ ing bench bosses and pin boys at glost kilns and bench bosses at bisque kilns) and by drawers (including the drawing bosses) in the 82 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY same pay period was also obtained. From those figures the number of one-man hours necessary to place a kiln day and to draw 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space were computed. The unweighted average one-man hours required to perform a kiln day of bisque placing in the 46 semivitreous potteries covered in the study was 3.1, distributed as follows: Time of placing a kiln day in bisque kilns Potteries 2 and under 2 % hours__________________________________ 2 % and under 3 hours__________ _______________________ 3 and under hours__________________________________ V /i and under hours________________________________ 3 % and under 4 hours__________________________________ 4 and under 4J^ hours__________________________________ 11 5 21 5 2 2 The average hours per kiln day in glost placing do not differ materially from those in bisque placing. The unweighted average per kiln day of glost-kiln placing in 45 oi the 46 plants covered was 3.4 hours, distributed as follows: Time of placing a kiln day in glost kilns Potteries 2 and under 2 % hours__________________________________ 2 % and under 3 hours__________________________________ 3 and under 3J£ hours__________________________________ 3 and under 3 ^ hours__________________________ _____ 3H> and under 3 % hours_______________________________ 3% and under 4 hours__________________________________ 4 and under 434 hours__________________________________ 4MS and under 4% hours_______________________________ 2 6 14 5 9 3 3 3 As a rule the same crew draws both the bisque and the glost kilns. An effort was made to obtain figures for each kind of drawing, but this was so difficult to get that satisfactory separation could not be made in the study. In some plants odd men do drawing or are used at times to complete the make-up of a drawing crew. The number of cubic feet of bisque and of glost kiln space drawn in the pay period were obtained. From these figures and the time worked in the pay period covered the average hours of drawing 1,000 cubic feet of bisque and of glost kiln space combined in the several potteries have been computed. The unweighted average time consumed in drawing 1,000 cubic feet by the 43 semivitreous potteries from which satisfactory figures were obtained was 10.6 one-man hours, distributed by potteries as follows: Time of drawing 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space Potteries 6 and under 7 hours_________________________________________1 7 and under 8 hours___________________________________3 8 and under 9 hours____________________________________ _____9 9 and under 10 hours___________________________________ _____9 10 and under 11 hours_______________________________________9 11 and under 12 hours_______________________________________3 12 and under 13 hours_______________________________________2 13 and under 14 hours_________________ ________________ _____2 14 and under 15 hours_______________________________________1 15 and under 16 hours_______________________________________1 16 and under 17 hours_______________________________________1 17 and under 18 hours_______________________________________1 21 and under 22 hours______ ________________________________1 There are two distinct types of kilns in the pottery industry. One is the general type known as the beehive or periodic kiln, where practi 83 LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS cally all the placing is paid for on the kiln-day basis, and the other, of which there are very few, is known as the tunnel kiln, where kiln placing is paid for at hourly rates. Average days on which employees worked and average hours and earnings are shown in Table 12 for 197 bisque placers, of which 188 worked at kiln-day rates at periodic kilns and 9 worked at tunnel kilns at hourly rates; 393 glost placers at periodic kilns, of which 381 were at kiln-day rates and 12 at hourly rates; and 39 placers who were employed at tunnel glost kilns at hourly rates. T able 13.—AVERAGE DAYS ON W HICH EM PLOYEES W ORKED IN 2 W EEKS AND AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS OF BISQUE AND GLOST KILN PLACERS, BY T YPE OF KILN AN D UNIT OF PAY—SEMIVITREOUS WARE Occupation and type of kiln Bisque-kiln placers: Periodic kiln __________________ Tunnel kiln____ ________________ Glost-kiln placers: Periodic________________________ D o ............................................. Tunnel__________________ ____ Total glost-kiln placers paid by the hour1........... ...... ................ Unit of pay Num Num ber of ber of pot plac teries ers Aver age days Average hours worked Average earnings ed in In In Per two Per two weeks two start weeks start weeks Per hour Kiln day.. Hour 45 1 188 9 8.9 12.0 58.5 85.5 6.6 $62.15 $7.00 7.1 76.75 6.40 Kiln day.. Hour____ Hour.___ 41 2 2 381 12 39 8.9 9.3 10.9 60.4 70.1 76.6 6.8 7.5 7.0 64.49 63.11 68.94 7.23 6.76 6.33 1.07 .90 .90 4 51 10.5 75.1 7.1 67.57 6.42 .90 $1,063 .90 i This total is given in order that comparison may be made between averages for employees paid hourly rates and those for employees paid kiln-day rates. The average per cent of ware broken at bisque kilns, and of ware sorted as thirds and as lump and broken at glost kilns, are shown in Table 13 for potteries reporting as to these losses, classified by type of kiln (periodic or tunnel) and as to whether placing and drawing are paid for at piece or time rates. T able 1 3 .—AVERAGE PER CENT OF BROKEN BISQUE, THIRDS, AND LUMP AND BROKEN W ARE, FOR BISQUE AND GLOST KILNS, BY TYPE OF KILN AND M ETHOD OF PA YM E N T FOR PLACING AND DRAW IN G—SEMIVITREOUS WARE Average per cent of— Kind and type of kiln Placing paid for as— Num Drawing paid ber of for as— pot teries Bisque kilns: Periodic.......................... ......................... Piecework___ Piecework___ Do...........................- .......................... ....... do............ Timework___ Tunnel . _ _________________________ Timework___ ....... do............ Glost kilns: Periodic_____ __ ____________________ Piecework___ Piecework__ D o.................. ................................— ....... do........ . Timework__ Do...................................................... Timework___ Piecework__ Tunnel_____________________________ ....... do........... Timework__ Do.................... -........... — ................ ....... do........... Piecework___ 33 2 1 25 1 1 1 1 Lump Bro and ken Thirds broken bisque ware 5.9 4.5 3.8 20.6 28.0 20.0 12.0 23.5 4.4 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.5 The average one-man hours required to place a kiln day in bisque and glost kilns, for each type of kiln and for timework and piecework, are shown in Table 14. 84 T THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 1 4 —AVERAGE ONE-MAN HOURS PER KILN DA Y IN PLACING, FOR BISQUE AND GLOST KILNS, BY TYPE OF KILN AND M ETH OD OF P A Y M E N T FOR PLACIN G— SEMIVITREOUS WARE able Kind and type of kiln Bisque kilns: Periodic___________________________________________________ Tunnel.......................................................... ....................... .......... Glost kilns: Periodic____________ _______________________________________ Do................. ............................................................................ Tunnel............ ............................. ...................................... ............. Placing paid for as— Number of pot teries Average one-man lours per kiln day Piecework__ Timework__ 45 1 3.1 4.2 Piecework__ Timework__ ____ do______ 41 2 2 3.3 4.5 3.9 The average number of one-man hours consumed in drawing 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space are presented in Table 15 for each type of kiln (periodic or tunnel) and for potteries in which drawing is paid for by cubic feet, by car, or at an hourly rate. No separate figures are shown for bisque or for glost kiln drawing, as one crew usually does the drawing from both kinds of kilns. The great majority of the potteries covered in the study did not keep separate hours for bisque and for glost drawing, and therefore figures relating to drawing mean the one-man hours spent in drawing 1,000 cubic feet of bisque and glost ware combined. T able 15.—AVERAGE ONE-MAN HOURS IN D R A W IN G 1,000 CUBIC FEET OF KILN SPACE, B Y T YPE OF KILN AND UNIT OF PA Y—SEMIVITREOUS WARE Type of kiln Unit of pay Average Num one-man hours of ber of drawing potter 1,000 cubic ies feet of kiln space 100 cubic feet. Do ....................................................................................................... Tunnel kilns..____________________________________________________ Car........... Do ....................................................................................................... Hour____ Periodic kilns_______________________________________________ _____ 39 10.2 2 1 1 19.4 8.6 9.5 VITREOUS WARE Seven vitreous potteries reported as to broken bisque. The un weighted average was 10.2 per cent, distributed as follows: B r o k e n b isq u e w a re Potteries 6 and under 7 per cent_________________________________ ____ 1 9 and under 10 per cent________________________________ ____ 2 10 and under 11 per cent------------------------------------------------------- 3 15 and under 16 per cent_______________________________ ____ 1 The unweighted average per cent of lump and broken ware at the glost kilns in these potteries was 1.7, distributed as follows: L u m p a n d b rok en w are Under 1 per cent__ - ___________________________________ 1 and under 2 per cent________________________ _________ 3 and under 4 per cent--------------------------------------------------- Potteries 3 2 2 85 LOSSES AND PRODUCTIVITY AT KILNS One of the seven potteries reported no thirds. The unweighted per cent of thirds in tne six vitreous potteries reporting having thirds was 12.4, distributed as follows: Thirds Potteries Under 10 per cent______________________________________ 10 and under 15 per cent_______________________________ 15 and under 20 per cent_______________________________ 2 3 1 Two of the seven potteries reported having no decorating kilns. The unweighted average per cent of broken and defective ware at the decorating kilns in the five plants reporting a loss was 1 . 0, distrib uted as follows: Broken and defective ware at decorating kilns Potteries One-half and under 1 per cent__________________________ 1 per cent___________________________ _________________ lJ^S and under 2 per cent_______________________________ 2 2 1 In vitreous potteries a kiln day at the bisque kiln is 161 cubic feet and at the glost kiln 130 cubic feet. All of the vitreous potteries studied operated periodic kilns. Five potteries paid piece rates for both placing and drawing ware. One paid time rates for placing and drawing and one paid piece rates for placing and time rates for drawing. Average days on which employees worked and average hours and earnings for bisque and glost kiln placers, classified by unit of pay, are presented in Table 16. T able 16.—AVERAGE DAYS ON W HICH EM PLOYEES W ORKED IN 2 W EEKS AND AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS OP BISQUE AN D GLOST KILN PLACERS, BY T YPE OF KILN AND UNIT OF PA Y—VITREOUS W ARE Occupation and type of kiln Unit of pay Num Num ber of ber of pot plac teries ers Average Aver hours Average earnings age worked days work ed in In In two two Per Per Per two start weeks weeks start weeks hour PERIODIC KILNS Bisque-kiln placers................................ Kiln day.. Hour........ Glost-kiln placers................................... Kiln day.. Do.................................................... Hour........ 6 1 6 1 63 5 63 10 9.5 11.4 10.0 11.3 60.4 94.3 67.8 93.7 6.4 $63.12 $6.67 8.3 62.44 5.48 6.8 69.79 6.96 8.3 62.09 5.49 $1,044 .662 1.030 .663 In Table 17 is shown the average per cent of broken bisque, thirds, and lump and broken ware for timework and piecework in bisque and glost kilns. 86 T THE POTTERY INDUSTRY 17.—AVERAGE PER CENT OF BROKEN BISQUE, THIRDS, AND LUM P AND BROKEN W ARE, FOR BISQUE AND GLOST KILNS, BY T Y P E OF KILN AND M ETH OD OF PA YM E N T FOR PLACING AND D RAW IN G—VITREOUS W ARE able Kind and type of kiln Placing paid for Drawing paid for Average per cent of— Num ber Lump of pot Broken and teries bisque Thirds broken ware PERIODIC KILNS Bisque kilns.. D o """I Piecework., Piecework.. .do.. Timework.. Timework__ ....... do........ Total.. Glost kilns.. Do_____ D o......... 9.2 10.0 15.5 10.2 Piecework. Piecework. _ ___ d o ..... Timework.. Timework__ ....... d o........ Total.. 12.3 0) 13.0 1.4 3.9 .9 10.7 1.7 i Reported as none. Figures as to one-man hours in vitreous potteries at bisque-kiln placing were obtained from 5 of the 7 potteries covered in the study. The unweighted average was 3.8 hours per kiln day and the range was from 2.4 to 6.2 hours per kiln day. Figures as to one-man hours in glost-kiln placing were obtained from 5 vitreous potteries. The unweighted average was 3 hours per kiln day and the range was from 2.4 to 3.6 hours per kiln day. Satisfactory records as to the number of hours taken to draw 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space were obtained from 4 plants. The unweighted average for these 4 vitreous potteries was 12.2 hours, distributed as follows: Time of drawing 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space Potteries 10.1 hours_______________________________________________ 11.5 hours----------------------------------------------------------------------12.0 hours_______________________________________________ 15.3 hours_______________________________________________ 1 1 1 1 PRODUCTIVITY IN CLAY SHOP SEMIVITREOUS WARE In preceding pages figures are given as to the number of one-man hours required to place a kiln day and to draw 1,000 cubic feet of kiln space. Time could not be taken to make a study of production in all occupations in the industry nor to make a complete study for all employees in any one occupation. However, data as to produc tion were obtained ior work of certain crews in the clay shop on cer tain selected articles of ware, namely, 7-inch plates, ordinary tea cups, plain saucers, 10-inch oval dishes, and 24-size jugs. In a small pottery one crew may make all of one kind and size of articles, such as 7 -inch plates, and several other articles also. In a large pottery as many as three or four crews may make one article, such as 7 -inch plates, and each crew may also work on other articles. Seldom, if ever, does a crew work an entire day on any one article. 87 PRODUCTIVITY IK C IA Y SHOP A record is kept of the production of each article of ware. Each jigger man knows approximately the output and capacity of his crew per day on any of the articles made. Usually no record is kept of the time worked on each of the different articles nor, as stated else where, of the time worked on all articles in any one day or pay period. In order to get figures as to production, each jigger man making any one of the selected articles was asked to give the production of the article expressed as an equivalent day7s output at tne usual number of hours of work per day. These figures were submitted to the fore man of the clay shop or to an official of the company for approval. The differences between the figures of the jigger man and the fore man or official, which were infrequent and of little or no consequence, were adjusted so that the figures in this study, though not based on actual recorded time, are accepted as sufficiently accurate to indicate very clearly the production that would be made in a day should the crew work the usual hours per day. As would be expected, the daily production differs from crew to crew due to the difference in the usual number of hours per day, to the varying speed of the individuals of the different crews, and to some extent to the working condition of the clay. The usual number of hours of work per day differs as between the crews because of the difference in the amount of work available or in the personal desires of the several crews. Because of the difference in the usual working hours per day, the production of each crew has been reduced to an hourly basis. Production o f 7-inch 'plates.— A crew making 7 -inch plates usually consists of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, and a finisher. A clay carrier, who serves several crews, may also be added. A crew may be reduced in number by one person doing the work of more than one occupation, such as batting-out and mold running, or by mem bers of the crew carrying their own clay. A report as to the production of semivitreous 7-inch plain-edge plates was obtained for 58 crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time; the fractional time of the carrier for each crew is from an eighth to a sixteenth of the total time given by the carrier to the several crews to which he delivers clay. Clay carriers supply clay not only to crews making plates but also to those making other articles of ware. The average production per crew per hour was 28.1 dozen, distributed as follows: Plates made per crew per hour Crews Under 20 dozen_______ ________________________________ 22 and under 24 dozen_________________________ ;________ 24 and under 26 dozen______________________ ___________ 26 and under 28 dozen_________________________________ 28 and under 30 dozen_________________________________ 30 and under 32 dozen_________________________________ 32 and under 36 dozen_________________________________ 2 3 5 15 16 12 5 Data were also obtained for 18 crews, each consisting of four regular workers and no clay carrier, as the members of the crew carry their own clay. These crews made an average of 27.7 dozen plates per hour, distributed as follows: 88 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Plates made per crew per hour 22 and under 24 dozen__________________________________ 24 and under 26 dozen__________________________________ 26 and under 28 dozen__________________________________ 28 and under 30 dozen__________________________________ 30 and under 32 dozen__________________________________ Crews 2 1 4 10 1 Seventeen crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, averaged 22.9 dozen plates per hour, distributed as follows: Plates made per crew per hour 20 and under 22 dozen__________________________________ 22 and under 24 dozen_________________________________ 24 and under 26 dozen_________________________________ Crews 5 7 5 In these crews there were no mold runners because the potteries in which they were employed were equipped with stove rooms that eliminated mold running, and the crews carried their own clay. In addition to the above, data were also obtained as to production for four other crews of 1 , 2 , or 3 regular workers. Only one of these crews had any part of the time of a clay carrier. One man working alone, doing his own clay carrying, batting-out, jiggering, mold running, and finishing, produced 8.9 dozen per hour. One crew consisting of 2 persons, a jigger man and a finisher, who do not carry their own clay, the batter-out and the mold runner being eliminated by the use of automatic machines operated by the jigger man, produced 21.2 dozen per hour. Two crews, each consisting of 3 persons, a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, who carry their own clay, no mold runner being necessary on account of the use of im proved stove rooms, produced, respectively, 28.8 and 25 dozen per hour. The basic rate for the above plates is 5 cents per dozen. A few of the crews work on designs for which a basic rate of cents per dozen is paid. The production per hour of these few crews is little or no different from that of the other crews. Production o f ordinarxj teacups.— Data as to production of ordinary semivitreous teacups were obtained for 42 crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, a mold runner, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time. Approximately one-eleventh of the total time of each clay carrier is given to each crew to which he delivers clay. The average production per crew per hour was 53 dozen, distributed as follows: Cups made per crew per hour 32 and under 34 dozen_________________________________ 42 and under 44 dozen_________________________________ 44 and under 46 dozen_________________________________ 46 and under 48 dozen_________________________________ 50 and under 52 dozen______________________________ ___ 52 and under 54 dozen_________________________________ 54 and under 56 dozen_________________________________ 56 and under 58 dozen_________________________________ 58 and under 62 dozen_________________________________ 62 and under 64 dozen_________________________________ 64 and under 66 dozen__________________________________ 68.8 dozen_____________________________________________ Crews 2 1 3 1 8 3 12 7 2 1 1 1 Eighteen crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, and a mold runner, with no clay carrier, made an average of 48 dozen per crew per hour, distributed as follows: 89 PBODTJCTTV1TY IN CLAY SHOP Cups made per crew per hour Crews 36.1 dozen_____________________________________________ 40 and under 42 dozen_________________________________ 44 and under 46 dozen_____________________ ____________ 46 and under 48 dozen__________________________________ 48 and under 50 dozen_________________________________ 50 and under 52 dozen_________________________________ 52 and under 54 dozen__________________________________ 56.3 dozen_____________________________________________ 1 1 2 5 2 3 3 1 Seven crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, made an average of 46.7 dozen per crew per hour, ranging from 37.5 dozen for the crew with the lowest, to 56.5 dozen for the crew with the highest number pro duced per hour. Mold running was not necessary for these seven orews because the potteries are equipped with improved stove rooms. Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer who also does the mold running, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, made an average of 23.9 dozen per crew per hour. One crew, consisting of a jigger man who also does cutting of cups which are not to be turned, a bailer who also does mold running, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 16.7 dozen per hour. One crew, consisting of a jigger man and a clay carrier for a frac tional part of the time, produced 15.8 dozen per hour. The jigger man of a very few other crews also did some running down or thumbing of the ball of clay before the jiggering of the cups. These crews made an average of 42.1 dozen per hour. The extra work done by the jigger man lessened to some extent the produc tion per crew per hour. Production o f tea saucers.— The study of production of semivitreous saucers covers 78 crews. Approximately one-twelfth of the total time of each clay carrier is given to each crew to which he carries clay. Forty-eight crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, made an average of 42.8 dozen per crew per hour, distributed as follows: Saucers made per crew per hour Crews 32 and under 36 dozen_________________________________ 36 and under 40 dozen________________________________ _ 40 and under 44 dozen_________________________________ 44 and under 48 dozen_________________________________ 50 and under 52 dozen_________________________________ 2 6 19 20 1 Sixteen crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, and a finisher, with no clay carrier, that work being done by members of the crew, produced an average of 42.4 dozen saucers per crew per hour or 0.4 dozen per hour less than that of the 48 crews whose members do not carry clay. Saucers made per crew per hour Crews 38 and under 42 dozen__________________________________ 42 and under 46 dozen_________________________________ 46 and under 49 dozen_________________________________ 9 4 3 90 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Eleven crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, no mold runner being employed because the potteries are equipped with improved stove rooms, made an average of 34.8 dozen per crew per hour, distributed as follows: Saucers made per crew per hour Crews 32 and under 34 dozen___________________________________ 34 and under 36 dozen___________________________________ 36 and under 38 dozen___________________________________ 38 and under 42 dozen___________________________________ 2 5 1 3 One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out who also did mold running, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time made an average of 16.3 dozen per hour; one crew, having a jigger man, a batter-out, and a mold runner, no finisher and no clay carrier, made an average of 36.7 dozen per hour; and one crew having a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, with no mold runner and no clay carrier, made an average of 35 dozen per hour. Production o f 10-inch, oval dishes.— In making the study of the production in semivitreous hand dish making it was found that the crews in many potteries included in the study make dishes of so many sizes that it was extremely difficult to obtain reliable figures as to the number of dozen of 10-incn dishes that could be made by each crew in a day. The dish makers of some crews stated that they worked on so few of the 10-inch size that they could not give even an approximate estimate of the number of dozen that would be made m a day. However, acceptable information was obtained for 30 crews. Approx imately one-twelfth of the total time of a clay carrier is given to each of the crews to which he carries the clay. Nineteen crews, each consisting of a dish maker, a helper, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, made an unweighted average of 4.7 dozen per crew per hour, distributed as follows: 10-inch oval dishes made per crew per hour Crews 3 and under 4 dozen_______________________________________ 2 4 and under 4}^ dozen_____________________________________ 9 4J/2 and under 5 dozen_____________________________________ 1 5 and under dozen___________________ _______________ __ 4 5J/2 and under 6 dozen__________________________________ __ 2 6 ^ and under 7 dozen_____________________________________ 1 Six dish makers working alone, who carried clay and also did the finishing, made an average of 3 dozen per hour, distributed as follows: 10-inch oval dishes made per man per hour Dish makers 2 and under 2J^ dozen_____________________________________ 1 2J^ and under 3 dozen_____________________________________ 2 3 and under 3J^ dozen_____________________________________ 2 33^2 and under 4 dozen_____________________________________ 1 Four crews, each consisting of a dish maker and a helper, but no clay carrier, made an average of 4 dozen per crew per hour, dis tributed as follows: 91 PRODUCTIVITY IN CLAY" SHOP 10-inch oval dishes made per crew per hour Crews 1 1 1 1 3 and under 3J^ dozen__________________________________ 33^2 and under 4 dozen__________________________________ 4 and under 4J^ dozen__________________________________ 5 and under dozen__________________________________ One crew consisting of a dish maker and a clay carrier for a frac tional part of the time, but no helper, made 3 dozen 10-inch oval dishes per hour. Casting o f -size jugs.— Jugs range in size and price per dozen from 12s at 80 cents to 60s at 20 cents for those with handles stuck on, or from 12s at 75 cents to 60s at 17 cents for those with handles cast on (see p. 113). The special study covers the production of the 24-size jugs with handles cast on, because as many, if not more, of this kind is cast as of any other. As in the study of 10-inch oval dishes considerable time and care were necessary in order to find casters and officials of potteries who could furnish information as to production. Con sequently, data were obtained for only 31 casters. Of these, 30 did the finishing and produced an average of 1.3 dozen per man per hour, distributed as follows: 24 24-size jugs made per man per hour Casters 2 18 10 Over and under 1 dozen______________________________ 1 and under 1J^ dozen________________;__________________ 13^2 and under 2 dozen__________________________________ One caster and his finisher made 1.4 dozen 24-size jugs per hour. Turning ordinary teacups.— In some semivitreous potteries the turning of ordinary teacups covers the entire outside surface of the cup, in some it covers the bottom or top, or approximately one-fourth of the outside surface, and in others it covers the bottom and the top or approximately one-half of the outside surface. In potteries in which both the bottom and the top are turned, the remainder of the surface is side sponged or burnished, the turning and burnishing being considered as equivalent to all-over turning. Data as to turning were obtained for 85 turners. Sixty-one of the 85, each assisted by a sponger, who usually sponges for more than one turner, did all-over turning, averaging 20.9 dozen per crew per hour, distributed as follows: Cups turned all over per crew per hour Crews 16 and under 18 dozen___________________________________ 18 and under 20 dozen_________________________________ _ 20 and under 22 dozen__________________________________ 22 and under 24 dozen__________________________________ 24 and under 26 dozen__________________________________ 26 and under 28 dozen__________________________________ 28 and under 30 dozen___________________________________ 5 11 29 12 1 2 1 Six turners who did top turning and side sponging averaged 26.9 dozen per man per hour, distributed as follows: Cups top turned and sponged per man per hour Turners 20 and under 22 dozen ____________________________________ 1 22 and under 24 dozen_____________________________________ 2 28 and under 30 dozen___________ _________________________ 1 30 and under 32 dozen_____________________________________ 1 34 and under 36 dozen_____________________________________ 1 92 th e pottery in d u s t r y Seven turners who did bottom and top turning and burnishing averaged 21,8 dozen per man per hour, distributed as follows: Cups top and bottom turned and burnished per man per hour Turners 14 and under 16 dozen___________________________________ ___2 20 and under 22 dozen_______________________________________2 22 and under 24 dozen_______________________________________1 24 and under 26 dozen______________________________________ 1 30 and under 32 dozen_______________________________ _______1 Seven turners who did top turning, no sponging being done, aver aged 31.4 dozen per man per hour, distributed as follows: Cups top turned per man per hour Turners 28 and under 30 dozen___________________________________ 30 and under 32 dozen____________________________________ 32 and under 34 dozen_______ ____________________________ 1 4 2 Three turners who did all-over turning and sponging averaged 11 dozen per man per hour, and one who did bottom and top turning, no sponging being done, averaged 22.4 dozen per hour. Handling of ordinary teacups.— Data as to production covering the sticking of open handles onto ordinary teacups were obtained for 98 handlers. Mnety-two of them, using handles made by handle casters and finishers and doing the boxing (“ boxing” is the placing of cups inverted one on top of another after the handles have been stuck onto the cups), averaged 25.2 dozen per man per hour, dis tributed as follows: Ordinary teacups handled and boxed per man per hour Handlers 16 and under 18 dozen___________________________________ 18 and under 20 dozen___________________________________ 20 and under 22 dozen___________________________________ 22 and under 24 dozen___________________________________ 24 and under 26 dozen___________________________________ 26 and under 28 dozen____________________________________ 28 and under 30 dozen___________________________________ 30 and under 32 dozen____________________________________ 32 and under 34 dozen____________________________________ 34 and under 36 dozen____________________________________ 4 4 5 21 20 19 11 1 6 1 Three handlers who cast and finished the handles used by them but did no boxing averaged 10.6 dozen per man per hour, 2 using handles made by handle casters and finishers but not doing the boxing aver aged 17.9 dozen per man per hour, and 1 who finished handles cast by another and also did the boxing averaged 14.4 dozen per hour. VITREOUS WARE Productivity figures for vitreous potteries are from necessity, as already explained, limited to a very small number of crews. Data as to production were obtained for the work of 9 crews on 7-inch plates, 8 on ordinary teacups, 8 on ordinary tea saucers, and 1 on 10-inch handmade oval dishes, and for 4 casteis of 24-size jugs. Production of 7-inch plates.— One crew, consisting of a jigger man a batter-out, a mold runner, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a frac tional part of the time, averaged 17.6 dozen plates per hour. PRODUCTIVITY m CLAY SHOP 93 Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, and a finisher but no clay carrier, the members of the crews carrying their own clay, averaged 20.8 dozen per crew per hour. Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out who did mold running, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time averaged 15.8 dozen per crew per hour. One crew consisting of a jigger man, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, the batter-out and mold runner being eliminated by use of mechanical devices operated by the jigger man, averaged 13.5 dozen per hour. One crew, consisting of a jigger man and a finisher only, who carry their clay, the batter-out and mold runner being eliminated by use of mechanical devices operated by the jigger man, averaged 12.2 dozen per hour. One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, no mold runner being employed, averaged 18.6 dozen per hour. One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, but no clay carrier, the crew carrying the clay and no mold runner being employed, averaged 27.5 dozen per hour. The fractional part of the time of a clay carrier for each plate crew is approximately one-eighth of the total time given by him to the several crews supplied with clay. Production of ordinary teacups.— Three crews, each consisting of a jigger man, bailer,, a mold runner, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 37.3 dozen per crew per hour. Three crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, and a mold runner, but no clay carrier, the crew carrying their clay, averaged 35.5 dozen per crew per hour. One crew consisting of a jigger man, a bailer who did mold running, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 27.8 dozen per hour. One crew consisting of a jigger man, a bailer, a mold runner, a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, and a cup liner who by operating a throwing wheel partially formed the cup, averaged 27.6 dozen per hour. The fractional part of the time of a clay carrier for each cup crew is approximately one-eighth of his total time of work. Production of ordinary tea saucers.— Three crews, each consisting of*a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 32.7 dozen per crew per hour. Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, who did mold running, a finisher, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time, averaged 17.3 dozen per crew per hour. Two crews, each consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, a mold runner, and a finisher, but no clay carrier, the crew carrying their own clay, averaged 29.2 dozen per crew per hour. One crew consisting of a jigger man, a batter-out, and a finisher, but no mold runner, and no clay carrier, as the crew carried their clay, averaged 31.3 dozen per hour. The fractional part of the time of a clay carrier for each saucer crew is approximately one-eighth of his total time of work. 86315°— 26------ 7 94 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Production of 10-inch oval dishes by hand.— One crew consisting of a hand dish maker, a helper, and a clay carrier for a fractional part of the time averaged 3.4 dozen per hour. Production of 24-size jugs.— Four casters of 24-size jugs with handles cast on them averaged 1.3 dozen per man per hour, ranging from 1 dozen for the one making the lowest to 1.5 dozen for the one making the highest production per hour. Turning ordinary teacups.— Data as to turning were obtained for 8 turners. Six turners, each assisted by a sponger, averaged 21.6 dozen per hour, ranging from 17.8 to 25 dozen per hour, and 2 turners who also did the sponging averaged 15.6 dozen per man per hour. Handling ordinary teacups.— Data as to the sticking of handles on to ordinary teacups were obtained for 8 handlers. The handles used by these 8 handlers were made by handle casters and finishers. Four handlers using open handles averaged 18.5 dozen per man per hour; 2 using open handles, each assisted by a helper who did the boxing and sponging, averaged 22.8 dozen per hour, and 2 using block handles averaged 18.4 dozen per man per hour. POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS The basic raw material of pottery is clay, and to get the desired results several kinds are blended. These clays and other ingredients are mixed, formed to shape, and fired. Part of the raw material comes from different States and part is imported; practically none comes from the vicinity of any pottery. Different potteries use different kinds of material, or combinations thereof. A t some pot teries the material is hauled from the railroad cars to the pottery by trucks. A t other potteries where a railroad track runs alongside the building laborers shovel the clay from cars into the pottery through windows or convey the clay to the proper bin with wheel barrows. SLIP HOUSE The slip house is the room where the clay is mixed, screened, and prepared for the potters* use. In some potteries the material is shoveled from the bins into wheelbarrows, weighed in the barrow, and wheeled to the slip house. In a better equipped plant, a narrow car track runs the lengtn of the row of bins. In assembling the clay for a batch, a car is moved along the track and placed in front of a bin, clay being shoveled therefrom until a scale beam on the car indicates that the quantity wanted has been loaded on the car. The scale beam is readjusted, the car moved to the next bin from which clay is to be taken, and the operation repeated until the desired kinds and quantities of clay are in the car. After this assembling of the material, the batch is shoveled into a blunger, which is a circular vat, open at the top, in which there are paddle wheels attached to a vertical shaft. In some plants the clay is dumped from the cars into a metal box, which by means of a lever is then automatically raised to the top of the t)lunger, into which the clay is dumped. The shaft and paddles are operated by power. Water is added to the clay, reduc ing the mix to a thin liquid, which is called “ slip.” From the blunger the slip is run or pumped into what is called the “ rough POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS 95 agitator,” which is a large circular tank about 7 feet high and 6 feet in diameter. This agitator, like the blunger, has a vertical shaft in the center to which are attached paddle wheels. The machine is kept constantly in motion, the purpose being thoroughly to dissolve and to mix the different ingredients. From the rough agitator the slip is run into or over a screening machine, where the slip ib strained through a very fine screen, called “ lawn,” made of silk or metal. The screening machine may be in the form of a pan 5 or 6 feet square, shaken by power as a corn popper, or it may consist of a revolving cylinder frame, about feet in diameter and 6 feet long, covered by the lawn, in which case the slip runs into the cylinder, the fine slip going through the screen. Whether the screening machine be of the shaking or cylinder type, it is slanted so that particles too large to go through tfie screen fall from its lower end and are washed away. The slip is reduced by screening almost to the consistency of milk and is of a light creamy color. After passing through the screen the slip flows through a box or trough having magnets set in the bottom. As the slip flows through this trough the magnets catch and hold the very fine particles of iron that may be in the slip. After running through the magnet trough the slip is pumped into the smooth agitator, a large vat, where it is kept constantly stirred. This constant stirring is for purpose of keeping an equal mixture of the clay and of maintaining the greatest possible uniformity of the slip. This is necessary to insure a uniform grade of ware. The next process is that of changing the liquid slip into a thick heavy mass, practically thick mud, which is accomplished by putting the slip through a press, where under pressure it is strained through canvas. These presses differ in design, but their purpose is the same; that is, to squeeze the water out of the slip and to retain the clay. A center feed press is here described. The press consists of a series of disks, each about 2 feet in diameter, which are placed on horizontal rods, one on each side of the disks. Before a disk is put on the frame it is covered with canvas in the following manner: Two square pieces" of canvas a trifle larger than the disk are placed to gether. A hole about 2J^ inches in diameter is cut in the center of the two pieces of canvas, which are then sewed together around the open hole. One of the pieces of canvas is then folded up and drawn through the hole in the center of the disk, and spread out flat on the opposite side of the disk. The disks are concave on each side, so that as they are strung on the frame there is a cavity between the several disks lined by the canvas. A screw at the end of the row of disks is turned to squeeze the disks together, with the canvas pinched in between, at the rim. The slip is pumped in at 80 to 100 pounds pressure and runs through the holes in the several disks into all the cavities lined with canvas. The water is strained out by the pressure, through the canvas against the disks and runs down through cor rugations and small openings in the disks into a trough below. The press is then opened, the disks pulled apart, and the cakes of clay— veritable large pancakes of mud— taken out. The cakes of clay are sufficiently firm to hold together, although they bend easily. The cakes are dropped from the press onto a truck, on which they are moved to a pug mill or they may be moved to a storeroom 96 t h e p o t t e r y in d u s tr y for aging or tempering and later pugged as needed. The aging or tempering consists of certain chemical actions which give the body clay a finer texture, and by accumulating several batches in one pile a more even texture is secured. The clay is fed into the pug mill, which is operated by machinery, where it is ground up and squeezed through the machine by a spiral screw. The clay is forced out under heavy pressure at the end of the machine in a very compact cylindrical form about 6 inches in diameter, the purpose being to make it compact and to squeeze out the air. The pugging of the clay is very important. Defects of body material are sometimes discovered here and corrected before very much labor cost has been incurred. The clay as it comes out of the pug mill is cut by a wire in the hands of the operator into chunks about 23^ feet long, which he sets on end on a truck. The clay then goes by truck or elevator to the clay shop. The slip house is under the charge of a slip maker, who is a working foreman. The men handling and assembling the dry materials and tending the machines are known as slip-house laborers, the men on the machines possibly being paid a higher rate than the others. The majority of these laborers are time workers. Some ware is cast in molds, and the pugged clay has to be reduced back to liquid form before casting. In such case the cakes of clay are pxit into an agitator with a little water to which is added certain other ingredients and the mass is reduced to about the consistency of thick cream. The clay goes from the slip house to the clay shop. CLAY SHOP The clay shop is the room or building where the ware is formed from the xjlay. There are two principal methods of making the ware— jiggering and casting. There is also a little pressing and throwing. In jiggering stiff clay is used, and in the casting thick slip is used. In jiggering, casting, and pressing, molds or forms are neces sary. The mola is made of plaster of Paris and gives shape either to the inside or the outside of the ware to be made. The mold is made by a mold maker. Plaster of Paris is used, as it absorbs water from the slip and green clay and in turn dries out quickly. Jiggering.— In making plates, saucers, and other ware of similar shape the mold gives shape to the inside or top of the ware as placed on the family table. A jigger man is a man who shapes ware over a mold. The occupational designation comes from the name of the machine he uses, which is called a “ jigger.” He may work alone but commonly has three people helping him— a latter-out, a mold runner, and a finisher. Generally, tnere is also a clay earner who helps him and several other jigger men as well. The jigger man may, however, himself carry the clay from the place in the shop where it is delivered to his bench. The jigger man has a table or bench equipped with a revolving head and with an appliance called a “ pull down.” The revolving head is a sort of cuplike arrangement 6 inches or so in diameter, mounted on the top of a perpendicular shaft operated by power. Figure 1 shows the latter-out at the left placing a flat-lined bat of clay on a mold and the jigger man at the right shaping the outside of a plate from the bat of clay with a pull down and the revolving head. Back of the jigger man's bench FI G. 1 — A T L EFT, B A T T E R - O U T P L A C I N G A F L A T T E N E D B A T O F C L A Y ON A M O L D ; AT R I G H T , J I G G E R M AN S H A P I N G U N D E R S I D E OF A P L A T E F R O M A BAT OF C L A Y W I T H T H E P U L L - D O W N A N D T H E R E V O L V I N G HEAD 96 POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS 97 is a stove room containing a large number of shelves. In the olden days this room was kept heated by stoves to dry out the ware put therein. Newer forms of stove rooms are of the oven type, similar to equipment used in modern bakeries; but whatever the form of stove room its purpose is to dry the ware. The latter-out picks up a quantity of clay from the bench which as nearly as he can estimate will be a little more than enough to form the article to be made. This ball of clay he places on a batting block in front of him, which is made of plaster of Paris; he then raises a heavy maul, also made of plaster of Paris, with both hands and brings it down on the clay, flattening it out to a thickness a little greater than that of the article to be formed. The batter-out then picks up the disk or bat of clay and slaps it on top of a mold. In some plants the batter-out is eliminated, the jigger man himself forming the bat of clay with a mechanical spreader or batter-out. There are different types of this machine in use. While this is a much easier way of making a bat than the old method of using a hand mallet, it is not very common in the industry. The jigger man takes this mold with bat and places it on the revolving head above described. He then generally wets the bat by sponge or by hand and pulls the pull-down into contact with the clay on the mold. The pull-down consists of an arm pivoted on a post. On the end of the arm is adjusted a steel profile which is exactly the shape of the plate from center to edge. The forward part of the profile reaches exactly to the center of the mold and bat. The arm is adjusted by a set screw so that it can be pulled down just far enough to leave that space between the profile and the mold that will give the desired thickness to the plate. The mold gives the shape to the inside of the plate and the profile gives the desired thickness and makes the form of the bottom of the plate; in other words, the plate is bottom up on the mold. The pull-down is then released and brought up out of the way by a spring or counterweight. The clay attaching to the profile is scraped off by the jigger man, and with a hand tool he removes the excess clay from the edge of the mold back to the point where the plate proper begins. During this time the head, the mold, and the plate are revolving together. The jigger man then lifts the mold with the green plate thereon and sets it on the other side of his table, where the mold runner picks it up and places it on a board, carrying the board when filled to the stove room where the ware dries on the mold. The stove room is kept moder ately heated by steam pipes. As the mold runner puts in a board of molds, he takes out a board with dried ware thereon, and removes the dried ware, putting it on a board or shelf about 8 inches wide and 53^ feet long. The mold is then ready for the jigger man to use again. When the board is filled with the dried ware, it is taken with its load to the finisher. In some plants the stove room is so constructed that the mold runner is eliminated. One type of equipment consists of an inclosed heated compartment or room through which runs an endless chain, bearing shelves. This room has an opening close to the jigger man so that he can place his filled mold directly on a shelf of the machine. Another employee removes the dried ware at the other end of the machine and places it on the board for the finisher. There are other types of equipment, all designed to dry the ware and to save labor. 98 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY The finisher is generally a woman. She takes a stack of 8 or 10 plates, places the stack on a revolving head, and taking a steel tool somewhat claw-shaped at the end, holds it to the edge o f each revolv ing plate. This smooths off the rough edge that it has when taken from the mold. The finisher then holds a wet sponge against the edge of the plates, which slightly softens the clay and gives a smooth finish to the edge. She then removes the plates one at a time, brushing the top with a damp sponge to remove all particles of clay and to give a smooth surface to the top. After the finisher has done her work the ware is put back on the board and the board is placed in a rack. At intervals the jigger man and his crew carry the boards, with the ware thereon, to the green room, where the ware is counted by the foreman and the jigger man given credit therefor. The ware may be subject to another checking by an examiner in the green room, and it imperfect ware is found it is deducted from the credit that has been given the jigger man. In plants where two or more jigger men make the same size and shape of ware, it is necessary, in order to tell which one has made any certain piece after it has been placed in the green room, that the profile of the pull-down be so fixed that it will leave a dis tinguishing mark. This generally accounts for some plates having one or two ridges on the bottom of the plate, though such marks are sometimes made for other purposes. The jigger is used on circular ware. There are also jiggering machines having pull-downs that fashion oval-shaped dishes. When the pull-down is not used, the oval ware is made b y hand by a man known as a dish maker, who may work alone or have a helper. The mold is set on a revolving head and with one hand and a profile held by his other hand he shapes the outside of the dish, the bottom being on the mold. The cup maker uses the same kind of a machine as the plate maker and bears the same name, jigger man. His mold forms the outside of the cup. The man or boy who measures out the clay for him is called a cup bailer. This boy takes a handful of clay from the stock and drops it in the mold. The jigger man puts the mold on the revolving head, and as the head and mold are revolving lowers the pull-down onto the mold. This pull-down is so adjusted as to leave enough space between the profile and the mold to form the desired thickness of the cup. The pull-down is then allowed to come up out of the mold. The jigger man cleans the excess clay from the edge of the profile and trims off the edge of the cup with a hand tool. He then lifts the mold from the head and the mold runner takes it and places it in the stove room to dry. The cup as it leaves the stove room has no handle. Boards loaded with cups are taken to the turner and then the cups pass to the handler. The jigger man mak ing cups does not have his ware counted and get credit for it until the cups are turned and handles put on; in other words, the cups are not counted until they are ready to go into the green room. The turner performs the same operation on the green cup or bowl as a wood turner does on a piece of wood. He has a lathe, with a head or block the shape of the cup on the end of a shaft which revolves horizontally. The cup is placed on the head and the turner with a tool cuts the outside of the cup down to form. Figure 2 shows the turner finishing the out side of a cup on a cup turning lathe. FI G. 2.— T U R N E R A T L A T H E F I N I S H I N G O U T S I D E W H I C H W A S S H A P E D BY J I G G E R M A N OF CUP FI G. 3.— CASTER, AT R I G H T , P O U R I N G S L I P ( L I Q U I D CLAY) I N T O M O L D S IN W H I C H A R T I C L E S OF W A R E T H A T CAN N O T BE M A D E BY J I G G E R M E N A R E S H A P E D ; A T LEFT, CASTER T A K I N G A R T I C L E F R O M M O L D POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS 99 The turner’s sponger takes the cup as it is removed from the lathe by the turner and wipes the surface with a damp sponge. This softens the clay and makes a smooth finish on the cup. The handler generally has a helper, known as a handle caster and finisher, whose work it is to make the handles and have them in readiness for the handler. The handles are cast in molds, 24 pieces to the mold. Liquid slip is poured into the molds, which consist of two blocks of plaster of Paris with the forms of the handles outlined therein, a channel connecting the cavity for each of the handles. Sometimes the handles are pressed in molds by hand from pugged clay. The plaster of Paris 1 1 ' Jl 1‘ leaving a solid green clay. handles from the connecting handles smooth with a knife so that they are ready for the handler, laying the prepared handles on a board. In some plants the casting of handles is not done by a helper paid by the handler, but is done in the casting room by a handle caster paid by the firm. In that case the handler buys his handles from the firm. The handler takes a cup, picks up a handle, dips the tips of the handle into a liquid slip, presses the handle onto the side o f the cup, and with a sponge smooths the joint. Casting.— Casting is done in molds consisting of two or more parts fitting closely together with a cavity on the inside. The caster pours liquid slip mto the hollow mold until it is full. The plaster of Paris mold absorbs water from the slip, leaving a deposit of clay on the mold. This deposit increases in thickness as it stands. Within 15 to 30 minutes the deposit is as thick as the ware is desired. The remaining liquid slip inside the mold is then poured out and the mold turned on edge to drain for a few minutes, after which it is turned bottom up. After drying some time longer the mold is opened by the caster and the green ware, which is firm enough to keep its shape, is removed. The caster usually does his own finishing. He breaks off the excess clay at the top of the article, which leaves rather a rough edge. This he finishes by dampening it with a sponge, sometimes smoothing it with a sponge and at other times with his fingers. He also scrapes the ridge on the ware left where the parts of the mold come together. This can be scraped down and sponged so as entirely to remove the ridge. The handle, which is cast on as a part of the article, is finished in the same way. Figure 3, facing page 98, shows the caster at the right pouring slip into molds and a caster or assistant at the left taking ware from molds. A sticker-up is a person who puts knobs on dishes or handles on ewers or other large ware. In order that the handles may be directly opposite each other or the knob be attached to the exact center of the lid, the modeler must make provision for this in his design which must be followed by the mold maker. This is done by making the mold so.that it will leave an impression in the ware at the place the handles or knobs are to be attached. While the sticker-up may put handles on such ware, he is not to be confused with a cup. handler. These are two distinct trades. Pressing,— A presser puts a bat of clay in a mold and then by hand works the clay up and around the inside of the mold. Skill is required to keep the clay of uniform thickness in the mold. Pressing has been largely superseded by casting. 100 THE pottery in d u s t r y SAGGER SHOP The sagger shop is the place where saggers, which are large, strong, and rough receptacles made of clay, are made. While the green ware made by the potter is strong enough to hold its shape, it can not be used until it is hardened by burning, as water on green ware would reduce it back to rough clay. Green ware can not be put into a kiln in piles as it would crush of its own weight, and iron shelving in a kiln would be melted b y the extreme heat which is necessary. Therefore, the ware is placed in receptacles called “ saggers,” and tlie loaded saggers are stacKed in piles or “ bungs” in the kilns. Saggers are made of domestic clay mixed with the ground-up material of broken saggers. They vary in size and shape, the bottom and the side walls being somewhat over an inch in thickness. The material is prepared by machine in a separate sagger-making depart ment or room and the saggers themselves are made either by hand or by machine. Broken saggers are run through a mill and ground into pieces which are about buckwheat size. Clay is put into a pile or vat, wet down with water, and allowed to soak for a few days, reducing it to a thick mud. The ground-up sagger, called “ grog,” is mixed with the clay as it is put in soak. This wet clay is then put through a pug mill where it is mixed up and squeezed, and may be put through the pug mill a second tune to insure a better mix. Instead of making a soak the clay and grog may be run through a wet pan, which is simply a mill in which the mix is placed, the water turned on, and the clay made ready for the pug mill m a few minutes. All of this preparation of the clay is done by sagger-shop laborers. The clay comes from the pug mill in round or square form, cut in lengths of about 23^ feet. In such form it goes to the sagger maker. Quantities of the clay are stacked up for the sagger maker, and as the clay is wanted it is cut from the pile with a shovel by the sagger maker7s helper. The helper takes a quantity of the clay, puts it inside a frame on a table, and with a heavy maul beats down the clay to fill the frame. This makes the bottom of the sagger. He then cuts a slice of clay from the pile and puts it on a table where he smooths it down by using a spade-shaped blade, after which he takes a maul and beats the clay so as to make its as compact as possible and smooth; then, using a straight edge and knife, he cuts the clay into strips. The sagger maker takes a bottom and on it centers a form the size of the inside of the sagger. Strips from the helper’s table are then placed around the side of the form. The joints on the side and bottom are worked together to make a firm connection. The side walls of the sagger vary in height; they are commonly about 8 inches, but some are as low as 4 inches and others higher than 8 inches. M any saggers are oval, while others are nearly square with curved corners and the sides curving in. The sides and top of the sagger are smoothed off by the use of a wet sponge and a trowel. When the sagger is to be used in the glost kiln, a reinforcing strip is run up on the outside. Then a gauge with holes in it is placed inside and a triangular punch is run through the hole in the gauge and part way through the sagger at the point of reinforcement. These are called pin holes. The green sagger is then set away to dry. A sagger-making machine may be used. Two men usually work at a machine, one running the machine and the other finishing the POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS 101 sagger. The amount of clay required to make a sagger is weighed out. The clay is put in a form and a plunger brought down which is just enough smaller than the form to leave space at the bottom and all around equal to the thickness of the sagger to be made. The plunger presses the clay to the bottom and. up and around the sides of the plunger after which it is withdrawn and the sagger pulled out of the machine. A form is put inside the sagger to hold its shape, and it is then put on a board and finished by hand. The finisher who is in charge of the machine is paid a daily rate. The job of finisher must be offered to a journeyman hand sagger maker, but if he prefers to remain at his bench, where he works at piecework and no hand sagger maker can be obtained for the machine, the company can put a laborer on the machine instead. Two very different wage rates, therefore, may be found for the head men on sagger-making machines. The green saggers are sent to the bisque kiln to be fired. BISQUE-KILN PLACING 4 The green ware is fired in a kiln designated as a bisque kiln. These kilns may be either upright or tunnel, though there are only two or three tunnel kilns in operation in this country. Tunnel kilns are tunnels or ovens some 300 feet long. The loaded saggers are placed on oars and the cars pushed by power pressure one against another through the tunnel. The steelwork of the car is kept from melting by fire brick on the floor of the car and a shield running through sand in a trough at the side. Tunnel kilns are kept in continuous fire. As a car comes out at one end another car is put in at the other end. The upright kiln commonly used is a circular brick oven approxi mately 16 feet in diameter and 17 to 18 feet high. Under the kiln at the outer edge are several firing places, usually 10, the fuel used being gas, coal, or oil, A stack extends from the top of the kiln. The kiln has an arched perforated roof of brick. Upright kilns are fired inter mittently; that is, filled, fired, cooled, ana drawn. The bisque-kiln placers are team workers. They get a board loaded with ware from the green warehouse and carry it to their bench near the kiln, where they put the board on a rack. The placer puts a sagger on his bench and sprinkles in some sand to level up the bottom of the sagger and keep the ware from sticking. He then puts the green ware (plates, saucers, cups, jugs, etc.) into the sagger. The plates and saucers go in in stacks, and the cups inverted with one cup on top of the other. A process general in vitreous-ware potteries but seldom found in semivitreous-ware potteries is that of sanding to prevent the green ware from sagging or bending in the intense heat of the bisque kiln. The spaces between the several pieces of ware in a bung or pile are filled in with sand before the green ware is placed in the sagger and goes to the bisque kiln. This work is done by hand or by machine. The placer, after filling the sagger, puts a “ wad,” which is a roll of soft clay somewhat smaller than a candle, all or nearly all the way around on top of the sagger. The seal must be complete if the kiln is fired with coal. W ith very fine ware a separate sagger may be used for each separate piece. The sagger is then taken to the kiln and a pile (bung) of saggers is started. Figure 4, facing page 102, shows two kiln placers entering a kiln with saggers filled with ware on their heads and another kiln placer 102 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY carrying a board of ware on his head to the placing bench where the saggers are filled. The sagger is leveled up on the floor, and succeed ing saggers are then put one on top of the other until the pile reaches the top of the kiln. The bottom of a sagger forms a lid for the one below it. The men use ladders in this work, carrying the saggers on their heads. The saggers are placed in circles inside the kiln. Ten piles of saggers are placed around against the wall, one between each fire-box mouth, then four rings of saggers are put inside them. More than 100 piles of saggers are made in the kiln. Green saggers partly filled with ware may be placed at the top. Figure 5 shows Tciln placers inside the kiln filling the kiln by placing saggers one on top of another. Through the walls of the kiln are peekholes. Holes are broken in the sides of empty saggers opposite the peekholes, the purpose being to let the fireman see into the center of the kiln. The open space extends through the several rings of saggers. In the broken sagger in each of the rings is set a block of cones. The cones are about inches high and one-half inch in diameter at the foot. They are set, two or three together, in blocks of clay. As these cones wilt at differ ent degrees of heat, by watching them collapse during the firing the heat of the kiln is approximately known. Other heat-testing methods are also used. The placers have a bench boss, who is a working foreman. When the kiln is filled, the door opening is sealed with brick and clay. Iron bands running around the kiln are connected in front of the door. Ths fireman then starts his fire and the kiln is burned. A t the bisque kiln this requires about 50 hours. BISQUE-KILN DRAWING When the bisque kiln has been sufficiently fired, it is allowed to cool off until the temperature is not over 130° F. within 2 feet of the crown of the second ring of saggers, after which it is drawn. The door of the kiln is opened by removing the brick and clay. Some members of the crew of Tciln drawers take the filled saggers from the bungs or piles, pass them through the door, and place them on a bench near the door. Others remove the ware from the saggers and place it into baskets, which when filled are carried to the bisque warehouse. One member of the crew scrapes off the wad sticking to the top and bottom of the saggers and hands them to another who places them in piles. Each crew of drawers has a working foreman. The life of a sagger is uncertain, as it may last through only one or two fires or it may last through 10 or 20 fires. Some saggers are broken during each firing. If a sagger is broken into two good parts, the parts are cemented together; if it is badly broken it is ground up and mixed with sagger clay. Kiln laborers>(odd men) clean up the broken saggers and any broken dishes after the kiln is drawn. BISQUE WAREHOUSE The bisque warehouse is the storeroom for bisque ware, which is the ware after the first firing, hard but porous. When the baskets come from the kiln to the bisque warehouse women Tciln drawers sort the ware, putting each kind in a separate basket or bin. The FI G. 4.— T W O P L ACE RS, E A C H W I T H A F I L L E D S A GG E R ON HI S H E A D , A B O U T T O E N T E R K I L N ; AT LEFT, A P L A C E R W I T H B O A R D OF W A R E ON H I S H E A D C A R R Y I N G W A R E TO PL ACI NG BENCH FI G. 5.— F L A C E R S I N S I D E OF K I L N S E T T I N G SA GG E RS IN PLACE. T H E B O T T O M OF O N E S A G G E R F O R M S A T O P FOR T H E O N E IM M E D IA T E L Y BELOW FI G. 6 — G L O S T S A G G E R S B E I N G F I L L E D W I T H F L A T W A R E . P I N S O F B U R N E D C L A Y AR E P L A C E D U N D E R EACH PI ECE OF WARE FI G. 7.— L I N E R A D D I N G T O T H E D E C O R A T I O N A L R E A D Y D O N E BY P U T T I N G L I N E S OF G O L D ON W A R E BY H A N D W I T H A S M A L L B R U S H , T H E P L A T E R E S T I N G ON A RE VOLVING WH EE L POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS 103 ware is gone over and brushed by Irushers, who remove any dirt that may have gotten on the ware in the kiln. Sometimes particles of the sagger come off and get onto the ware. The brushers also throw out cracked or poor ware. Vitreous ware, after being fired in the bisque kiln, is treated to a sand blast, which has much the same effect as brushing in removing sand from the bisque ware. This cleaning may also be done in a sanding barrel. M ost of the pieces of bisque ware are stamped by hand by a stamper, who uses a small rubber stamp showing the trade mark or firm name. GLAZE MAKING As the hard bisque ware is porous it has to be given a glaze. The making of this glaze is done by the glaze mixer in a room equipped with machinery for the purpose which is operated by power. Certain ingredients are mixed with water into a liquid about the consistency of cream. The glaze mixer may have a helper. DIPPING ROOM The glaze is pumped to the dipping room, where it runs into the dipper’s vat. Ware boys bring the ware to the dipper, who picks it up, puts it into the liquid glaze in the vat, gives it a peculiar twisting motion, removes it, and places it on a board over his vat. In order that his grasp may extend across a wide piece of ware, he has a padded iron attachment that slips over his thumb and has a hook on the end. This in effect lengthens nis thumb. The dipper has helpers who take the dipped ware from his shelf, sponge the bottom edges, and put it on boards. Some potteries have heated machines, sometimes known as dip pers’ mangles, for drying the dipped ware. The dipper dips by hand, and he places the dipped ware on racks in the macnine through •an opening. These racks are moved by power through the machine. A t the opposite side or end of the machine a helper removes the dried ware, sponges the bottom edge, and stacks the ware on shelves. The dried glaze sticks to the ware, yet rubs off a little in handling. The glaze put on the ware fuses in the next (glost) firing and makes a glassy coating. In semivitreous ware it actually fuses into the underlying clay. The glaze makes the ware smooth and waterproof. GLOST-KILN PLACING After dipping, the ware goes to the glost kiln. The glost placers carry the ware on boards from the warehouse to their benches, there putting the ware into saggers. The placers work as a team, having a working foreman known as a bench boss. In the glost kiln it is necessary that no two pieces of ware touch, as the glaze would run together and cause them to stick, thus making defective ware. Triangular-shaped pins, three-sixteenths of an inch or so in diameter and about 2 inches long, are put in the pinholes of the sagger and the plates and saucers are then laid on the pins, touching only the point of the pin. There are three pins supporting each plate. Figure 6 shows a glost-kiln placer filling a sagger with flat ware (plates). Cups, jugs, and other hollow-ware articles have to be set in the saggers in such position that they will not come in contact with each other. 104 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY When all the ware is small, a rough bat, really a sagger clay shelf, is put in over a lower layer and supported on stilts, and a second layer of ware to be fired is put on this bat. A separate sagger may be used for each piece of extra fine ware. Pin hoys help glost placers by cleaning broken pins out of pinholes in glost saggers. Bisqu e-kiln placers and glost-kiln placers seldom interchange places. When serving his apprenticeship, however, an apprentice placer must work 18 months on bisque placing and 18 months on glost placing. The saggers when filled are sealed with a wad and placed in the glost kiln in the same way as they are placed in the bisque kiln. The glost fireman who has charge of the firing of the kiln watches the temperature and is responsible for the proper firing. GLOST DRAWING Kiln drawers remove the saggers from the glost kiln after the firing and unload the saggers. The drawing is done in the same manner as in the bisque kiln. Because the pieces of ware must not be allowed to touch one another, less ware can be put in a sagger in the glost kiln than in the bisque kiln. A glost-kiln laborer, generally called an odd man, cleans up broken saggers, broken ware, and pins as they fall from the sagger when it is cleaned by the drawer. The pins are seldom used more than once. A certain amount of the ware is broken in the kiln or comes out cracked, warped, or injured by kiln dirt which has gotten on the ware and stuck with the glost. The drawers work in a crew and draw both bisque and glost kilns. The broken glost saggers can not be used in the sagger clay because of the coating of hard glaze. GLOST WAREHOUSE The glost warehouse is the storeroom for glost ware. The ware is taken by the drawers from the glost kiln to the glost warehouse in baskets where it is received by woman kiln drawers who sort the ware # according to kind and size and place it in stacks or bins. While the word “ kiln” is used in their occupation title, they do not work at the kiln with the men. These women kiln drawers also sort the ware in the bisque warehouse when the bisque kiln is drawn. A t each of the three points where the bottom of the ware comes in contact with the pin there is a slight nib. This is usually broken off by ware dressers, who use a steel chisel and work by hand. Some plants grind off these nibs. The glost warehouseman selects and assembles the ware called for by an order from the office, which designates certain kinds and sizes and the number of pieces. The warehouse is in charge of a foreman, who is a salaried man rather than a wage earner. DECORATING ROOM The decorating room is the place where the ware, thus far plain, is decorated. By far the greater part of tableware is decorated. A ware carrier takes the ware from the glost warehouse to the decorating room, using either a basket or a truck. A duster using a brush, cleans the ware carefully before it is decorated. There are different kinds of decorations. A stamper has a rubber hand stamp similar to the stamp found in a business office, on which is a design. The stamp is touched to viscid color and then carefully placed on the POTTERY OPERATIONS AND OCCUPATIONS 105 piece to be decorated, thus transferring the design and color. This is repeated around the piece of ware and is often so carefully done that it is very difficult to find the place where the stamp begins and ends. On much ware a line is placed, as, for example, on the edge of the plate or around the rim of the teacup. This line, which may be of color or of gold, is put on with a fine brush. The ware to be lined is centered on a head, which revolves in a horizontal plane, and the gilder or liner applies his brush to the ware as it revolves. Figure 7, facing page 103, shows a liner making lines on ware. Also, she may put a line of color down the handle of a teacup or on a handle or knob of a dish. Technically, the worker is a gilder if gold paint is used. In semivitreous plants most designs are put on by decalcomania; in vitreous plants some of the designs are transferred from prints. The decalcomania designs are printed in aniline colors on large sheets of paper, which are cut down to strips or shapes containing the pattern. The part of the ware to be decorated by decalcomania is brushed with a sizing or varnish, and the decalcomania is then placed on the ware (the color next to the ware) by the transferrer. The decalcomania sticks to the varnish, the paper being rubbed with a brush so that all the color comes in contact with the ware. The ware is then put in a tub of water, where the paper after soaking is removed, leaving the colored design adhering to the ware. In some plants “ decal” machines are used, which speed up the number of pieces that can be decorated. As in hand decalcomania work, the dish is given a coat of sizing where the decoration is to be applied. The ware then moves on a revolving table through a drying oven, the paper holding the design is applied, and the design is thoroughly rubbed,’ after which the dish is passed through a mechanical washer, which removes the paper, leaving the design. The ware is then mechanically dried and is ready for the decorating kiln. Some semivitreous and most of the vitreous plants have a 'printer who prints designs on paper, producing an article similar to decalco mania, which is then cut and put on the ware by the transferrer. The print which is commonly used in the decoration of vitreous hotel chinaware is designed and made by the firm manufacturing the ware. There is a decorating ioss in the room, who is a salaried man. The preceding description refers to what is known as over-gloss decoration; that is, the decoration is put on after the ware has been dipped and fired. Some wares are decorated on the bisque rather than on the glost. The ware decorated over glaze has to be given a light firing, which may be done in what is known as a standard deco rating kiln or in a tunnel kiln. The decorating kiln is a muffed kiln. This is a double-walled kiln wherein the flame passes between an outer and an inner wall and thus does not come in direct contact with the ware. The kiln is fired at a comparatively low temperature, which burns in the decoration but does not injure the gloss. The same man (a kilnman) places and draws the ware. A standard deco rating kiln is an oven about 3 feet wide, 8 or 9 feet deep, and 6 feet high. The ware is placed on iron racks of shelves. The rear rack of shelves is filled, then a new rack is set up and filled, and so on, until finally the kiln is filled. Stilts, which are small pieces of ware having points, thereon, are placed between the pieces of ware in stacking. The stilts must not come in contact with the decorations, but there is no harm in their contact with the white glost surface. The kilns are then fired by &fireman* 106 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY The ware goes from the decorating kiln to a decorating warehouse, where it is burnished by a burnisher or possibly subjected to a sand blast, the purpose being to smooth and to polish the ware. A very large percentage of vitreous ware is decorated on the bisque or, as it is generally known, the underglaze. The underglazed decorated ware is put in a decorating kiln, where it is given a light firing to harden the color before the ware is dipped. Because of the glost firing, which is at a much higher temperature than that of the decorating kilns, a special coloring is used, as the delicate or brig;ht shades put on by decalcomania would be dimmed or changed during the firing in the glost oven. Practically all vitreous hotel-china plants manufacture china and design decorations in compliance with special orders. The finished ware is wrapped by wrappers in small packages. A saucer or plate is placed in a large sneet of paper and the paper folded, this being repeated until a stack of a half dozen pieces is wrapped in the one package. The decorating warehouseman is responsible for the sorting and assembling of the ware called for by orders. PACKING ROOM The ware when ready for shipment goes to the packing room where it is packed by packers in barrels, large casks, or cartons, depending on the ware and the size of the order. A straw boy carries straw from the straw pile to the packer. Packers then put in the ware, either piece by piece or in wrapped packages, placing straw between to guard against breakage in transportation. There is generally a head packer, who is a working foreman. There is also a small miscellaneous amount of labor in a pottery common to no particular department. METHODS OF WAGE PAYMENTS Most of the potters in the United States in the earlier days of the industry Vere English born and, as might be expected, they brought with them many of their English customs. Even now there are many English-born men working in the potteries, especially in the clay shop and at the kilns. Mention has been made elsewhere of the custom, yet common, of the midforenoon lunch, a survival of the time when working hours were extremely long. A more important feature of the pottery industry brought over from England, however, is that of contract work as combined with team or crew work. This custom is most frequent in the two main departments in the pottery— the clay shop and the kilns. The ar rangement may take one 01 two forms. Under one form individuals undertake the task at piece rates, and employ and pay their own help. The firm is in direct contact with the contractors but not with their help. In earlier years the contractors collected the pay and in turn paid their help. In recent years in some potteries there is an arrange ment between the company and the contractor whereby the amount due each helper is deducted from the earnings of the contractor and paid by the company to each helper, the company paying directly to the contractor only his net earnings. A second custom is for a group of men to undertake work collectively at piece rates and divide their earnings among themselves. The amount to be paid each member of the crew is usually reported by the crew boss to the firm, which pays METHODS OF WAGE PAYMENTS 107 each man. Scarcely any method of wage payment, however, obtains universally. There are differences in methods of payment between different localities, between different potteries in the same locality, and even within the same pottery. The crew spirit is strong among potters and there is a general unwillingness to double up work if any member of a team is absent. Generally the full complement of the team must be filled out or the remainder of the team will decline to work. The wage agreement between the United States Potters Association and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters (p. 112) shows the revalence of piece rates. In the making of the ware the unit is the ozen; at the kilns the rate is per kiln day. The systems of payment of the several occupations is stated below in greater detail, in the order of process of manufacture. There is much difference of opinion as to the relative merits of timework and of piecework. It is alleged that piecework leads to rushing and to a slighting of work, while timework leads to a slowing down of speed and to a falling off in production, with a resultant higher unit cost. Further, it is claimed that when work is slack and but a limited amount is available for a pieceworker, he maintains his accustomed rate of speed and works fewer hours; in other words, he works with his earnings per hour in mind. As in any other industry, a maximum of quantity is not compatible with a maximum of quality, at least as long as processes and equipment remain the same. Both employers and employees recognize this condition. The question of time and piece rates is difficult of permanent settlement because quantity and quality will always be opposing vital elements. Another question arises in connection with piece rates. A worker dependent on piece rates naturally desires that a fellow worker in production shall not handicap his earnings. A jigger man will want to select his mold runner when a poor selection by the firm will reduce his (the jigger man’s) earnings. The kiln placers or drawers may not be willing to have each fellow worker selected directly by the firm when the workers are to make equal division of their earnings. Team work at piece rates thus has a tendency to withhold from the firm the full power to employ or to discharge. On the other hand, the company may want to avoid the necessity for furnishing help and to impose this duty on the contractor, thus putting up to the contractor the responsibility of keeping his crew together with no stoppage of production. Unloading clay.— Clay comes to the pottery in railroad cars. The laborers who unload the cars are generally paid by the company at a rate per car. Two or more men may work together as a team and divide the earnings. In some cases, however, the work is done at a time rate. When not unloading cars, these laborers are paid for other work at a time rate. Frequently, unloading cars is an over time job. Slip house.— No general rule applies in the payment of slip makers. Some are paid at a time rate and others at a rate per press. When paid by the press they generally employ their own helpers and pay such helpers directly or through the company office from their earn ings. The helper may be paid at either a piece or a time rate. Sometimes the slip maker gets a bonus in addition to an ordinary wage rate. The slip-house laborer pugging clay is usually paid at a time rate by the company. § 108 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Mold makers.— Mold makers are generally paid directly by the company at a piece rate, only a few being paid at a time rate. Olay shop.— The principal workers in the clay shop are the jigger men. They deal directly with the company and work by the dozen, with a different rate for each kind and size of ware. As shown by the agreement (p. 112) there are a great many kinds and sizes of ware. The foundation of wage payment is a base rate for each particular kind. This base rate, fixed by agreement, may remain unchanged for several years. Economic conditions, however, are continually changing and wage rates constitute a part of economic conditions either as effect or as cause. In recent years, especially, there have been in the pottery industry, as in all other industries, several material changes in wage levels. Instead of changing the many piece rates of the scale a simplified method has been used in later agreements whereby rates have been increased by a certain per cent, or plusage, which applies to all items on the scale. In practice the number of dozen made of each kind of ware is multiplied by the base rate. The products are added, and the sum is then increased by the percentage specified in the existing agreement. The plusage is illustrated in Table 9 (p. 29). The jigger man almost always has helpers. A full crew consists of four members— jigger man, batter-out, mold runner, and finisher; the number, however, may be less than four. These helpers are hired by the jigger man, he making the terms directly with them. Being paid by the piece, it is logical that the jigger man should employ and discharge his help, as a slow worker retards the work and reduces his earnings, an inefficient worker injures the team production, and a helper irregular in attendance disorganizes the crew. The jigger man generally pays his help directly. In a few potteries he reports the earnings oi each individual to tne firm, whicn makes the payment to the helper and deducts the same from the jigger m an’s gross earnings. The jigger man usually pa}rs his batter-out and mold runner a day wage, which in recent years he has increased from time to time as wage levels increased in other industries. In recent years the firm has supplemented the wage received by the helper from the jigger man employing him by a certain percentage of the gross earnings of the jigger man at his base rates. The finisher working for the jigger man is usually paid at piece rates. The cup bailer working for the cup jigger man corresponds to the batter-out for the plate jigger man and is paid in like manner. The dish maker, like the jigger man, is a contractor and hires his own helper when he has one. The helper may work at time or piece rates; when working on 8-inch dishes or larger he is paid an additional amount by the company. The turner is also a contractor, and if he has help he hires such helpers. He turns and finishes cups, mugs, and bowls at a basepiece rate and percentage. The sponger working for the turner is usually paid a day wage by the turner; he may be paid directly by the turner or indirectly through the company by deduction from the turner’s gross earnings. A sponger frequently divides his time between as many as three turners. The handler is a contractor paid by the dozen at a base rate with a percentage added. He generally hires a handle caster and finisher at piece rates. This caster and finisher may work for two handlers METHODS OF WAGE PAYMENTS 109 and may be paid directly or indirectly through the company. In some instances the company hires the caster and the handler buys the handles from the company. Casters are pieceworkers paid varying base rates for the ware made, with a percentage added. They usually finish the ware they cast without hiring help. Stickers-up are pieceworkers paid at a base rate and percentage, as are the few pressers now found in the industry. Clay carrying has always been a point of contest in making wage agreements. In earlier days the jigger men and dish makers or their helpers had to carry the clay from the slip house to the place of work in the clay shop. Under the present agreement (p. 120), the firm must deliver clay to the jigger floor free of charge, out the jigger man must bear the remainder of the cost of moving the clay to his place of work or the clay must be carried by him or his crew. A clay carrier is usually employed by the company to carry clay from the point of delivery in the jigger room to the jigger man’s bench. This may be quite a distance in a large clay shop. The clay carrier serves several jigger men and dish makers and deduction is made by the firm from their earnings to pay the clay carrier in whole or in part. Minor exceptions are as stated on page 120. The clay carrier usually has a guaranteed daily wage. When the number °f jigger men and dish makers is so small that the deducted amounts fali below the clay carrier’s guaranteed rate, the firm makes up the difference. Sagger making.—Hand sagger makers are usually paid at a base piece rate per sagger, with a percentage added. Helpers, when employed, are likewise usually paid at a piece rate and are paid by the sagger maker. Sometimes the helpers are paid at a day rate. Sagger-making machine operators are generally timeworkers. Sagger-shop laborers are hired by the firm and usually at time rates. Kiln placing. —Kiln placers are team workers. The crew commonly consists of from four to eight men, although the number may be greater or less. Collectively they do the kiln work and with few exceptions are paid on a kiln-day basis. A kiln-day consists of a specified number of cubic feet oi kiln space, the number of cubic feet varying as between bisque and glost kilns and as between vitreous and semivitreous ware. The group earnings are divided among the members, with a little higher wage going to their bench boss, who is a working foreman. The earnings are usually paid by the firm directly to each man in the team, in accordance with a statement furnished the company by the bench boss. The kiln-placing crew is hired and works as a unit, the company employing the crew, not the man. The crew makes its own selection of new members, bringing into the team the men it wants and droping out the men it does not want. The work is hard, and if a placer fails for long to keep up his share of the work he is dropped from the crew by notice from the bench boss. Kiln placers working at tunnel kilns are paid at hourly rates. Pin toy.—Pin boys are timeworkers who are paid a daily wage, one-half of which is paid by the firm and the other half by the glost placers. In most cases the pin boy collects his wage from each 86315°—26----- 8 110 THE POTTERY IN D U STRY party, but in some instances the part paid by the placers is deducted from their earnings by the firm and the pm boy then receives all his wage through the firm. Kiln firing.—Kiln firemen are employed directly and individually by the company, both at bisque and glost kilns. The unit of pay ment varies as between potteries and even within the same pottery. They may be paid at time rates or per kiln fired. Kiln drawing.—Kiln drawers, like kiln placers, work in crews, and usually are very insistent that the full complement of the crew must be present before starting to draw a kiln. In most plants kiln drawers are paid per 100 cubic feet, but in others they are paid by the kiln or, in rare instances, at rates per hour. The drawing boss, a working foreman, is paid on the same basis as the other drawers, but at a slightly higher rate. Warehouse work.— The woman drawers who receive the ware in the warehouse from either the bisque or glost kilns are usually paid as a crew at a specified amount per kiln. The earnings are divided among them and the payment is generally made directly to each individual by the firm. When working at tunnel kilns these women are usually paid at an hourly rate but may be paid per car drawn. Warehousemen.—Warehousemen work individually and are paid at a daily or hourly rate by the firm. Ware dressingk—Ware dressing is frequently done by a contractor called a “ dressing forelady,” at a rate per kiln. She employs her own help, who are paid eitner at a daily rate or at a specified rate per dozen, their earnings being paid directly by the contractor from her ross earnings. In other plants the ware dressers are hired and paid y the firm either at a piece rate per dozen or a time rate per hour. Brushers are hired by the company and usually paid at the time rates but occasionally at piece rates. Stampers are hired directly by the company and are paid at a time rate. Ware boys are hired by the firm and are generally paid at a time rate; a few, however, are paid at a rate per kiln. Glaze mixing — Glaze mixers and their helpers are hired directly by the company and paid at a time rate. Dipping room.— Dippers are usually hired individually by the company and paid at a rate per kiln day. Some, however, are paid at a time rate. Their helpers are timeworkers who are hired and paid by the company. Decorating room.—The ware carrier is hired by the company and paid at a time rate. Dusters are timeworkers hired independently by the company. Stampers and transferrers, either aecalcomania or print, are all direct employees of the company. They are paid usually at a rate per dozen, but sometimes at a time rate. They may also be paid a production bonus. Gilders and liners are for the most part paid by the dozen and are hired and paid individually by the firm. Printers are usually paid at a time rate. Decorating, kiln and warehouse.—The decorating kiln men who fill and empty the decorating kilns are usually paid at a rate per kiln. There are different forms of teamwork. Two or more men may g M ETHODS OF WAGE PA Y M E N T S 111 together place and draw the ware and divide their earnings, the fire men being hired and paid separately by the company. In other cases the firemen may contract for all of the decorative kiln work at a rate per kiln and hire the placers and drawers. In a small pottery the firemen alone sometimes places, draws, and fires. Burnishers and wrappers are usually hired individually by the company and paid a time rate. Packing room.—Packers usually work separately and are paid at. piece rates by the firm. In some instances, however, they are paid at a time rate. Straw boys work at time rates and are usually paid by the firm. APPENDIX 1920 WAGE AGREEMENT, WITH AMENDMENTS The 1920 wage agreement between the United States Potters* Association and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters was the last one printed showing all of the many base piece rates. In that agreement the plusage to be added that year for each kind of work is stated at the top of each list of piece rates. That agreement is here reproduced in full, changes and additions made by amendment since then which are still in effect being incor porated in the text and printed in italic, the date of the amendment and the superseded matter of the 1920 agreement being shown in notes; changes which have been superseded are not noted. The agreement as printed, therefore, shows the scale as it has been in force since 1924 ana will continue until 1926; in other words, the scale in effect in 1925. The rules and regulations, as distinguished from rates, did not change much between 1911 and 1925, except one relating to “ dis charge,” which went into effect in 1913 and has since continued. The 1920 agreement was published in two parts, entitled “ White granite and semiporcelain wage scale and price list” and “ wage scale for hotel china,” the former covering semivitreous ware and the latter vitreous ware. It must be borne in mind that the sizes mentioned in the 1920 agree ment are trade sizes and do not indicate actual measurements.** • For some time there has been agitation among potters to change the size designations and names of many of the classes of ware. Much confusion resulted from the old size classification, which generally classified a piece of pottery as 2 or 3 inches smaller than it really was. In order to clarify this situation the following changes in trade names and sizes were adopted by the United States Potters’ Association, to be effective Jan. 1,1926: 3 4 5 4-inch baker to be renamed baker “ “ a tt tt 6 7 8 9 10 2H 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 4 5 a tt a a u *t u tt tt a tt tt dish “ 41 “ “ ti ii ;; ii ii “ ii ii a a ii ii u a a a tt tt tt a a tt tt a a fruit it 112 tt " it 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 it ii ii it 5-inch baker. baker. BX 6 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 44 6H 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 5 5K it it ti ti it ii it platter. 6-inch fruit All size jugs 3-inch nappy 4 5 6 7 4 5 ii fruit. it “ “ “ “ 9 10 10 ti it it tt ii 6 6 7 8 it it ii ii ii ti ii to be renamed 6-inch fruit. pitchers. 4-inch nappy. 11 “ plate 6 7 6 8 7 9 8 10 plate 7-inch plate, deep, to be renamed 9-inch deep soup. 6 “ coupe plate to be renamed 7 “ coupe soup. Sauce boats to be renamed gravy boats. Sauce boats, fast stand, to be renamed gravy boats, fast stand. Sauce tureen to be renamed gravy tureen. 3-inch ice cream to be renamed 4-inch ice cream. 3V<j “<< a“ 4 “<« “tt It“ “ it y2 i“t “t i 4 g “ ti APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEMENT 113 WHITE GRANITE AND SEMIPORCELAIN WAGE SCALE AND SIZE LIST1 CASTING Add 41 3 per cent io the following prices: Handles Handles stuck on cast on per dozen per dozen Bone dishes, plain or scalloped, leaf mould method, H. L. C. Co_______ $0. 14 Covers, butter, handle stuck on, S. C. settlement_______________ ____ . 18 Covered dishes, 7-inch______________________________________ $0. 90 . 84 Covered dishes, 8-inch--- .----------------------------------------------------- 1. 00 . 93 .87 .81 Casseroles, 7-inch__________________________________________ Casseroles, 8-inch__________________________________________ .95 .88 .30 .28 Creams, fancy, 30's________________________________________ Creams, individual, fancy----------------------------------------------------.28 .24 Creams, individual, plain oval_______________________________ .16 .16 .20 .17 Creams, individual, Rocaille------------------------------------------------Creams, restaurant, block handle.--------------------------------------------------. 12 Creams, restaurant, double lip, net---------------------------------------.10 _____ Creams, Saxon, 3’s, handled-------------------------------------------------.20 .20 Creams, Saxon, 3’s, unhandled-------------------*------------------------.14 _____ Creams, tankard, 0’s, handled___________ ___________________ .20 .20 Creams, tankard, 0’s, unhandled____________________________ .14 ______ Creams, tankard, l ’s, handled----------------------------------------------.17 .17 Creams, tankard, l ’s, unhandled____________________________ .11 ______ Creams, tankard, 2’s, handled----------------------------------------------.16 .16 Creams, tankard, 2’s, unhandled------------- -----------------------------.10 _____ Jugs, 48's_________________________________________________ .28 .26 Jugs, 42’s_________________________________________________ .30 .28 .36 .33 Jugs, 36’s_________________________________________________ 36’s and smaller jugs plugged at lower part of handle shall be paid for at the stuck-on handle price. Jugs, 30’s_________________________________________________ .42 .39 Jugs, 24's__________________________________________________ .45 .42 Jugs, covered, 42’s--------------------------------------------------------------.45 .42 Jugs, covered, 36's_________________________________________ .54 .50 Jugs, covered, 30’s--------------------------------------------------------------. 62J£ . 59 Jugs, covered, 24’s--------------------------------------------------------------. 673^ .63 Jugs, covered, 12’s-------------------------------------------------------------.80 .75 Jugs, Rocaille, 60’s-------------------------------------------------------------.20 .17 .25 . 23 Jugs, Rocaille, 54’s--------------------------- ---------------------------------Jugs, Rocaille, 48’s-------------------------------------------------------------.25 %.2 6 Molasses cans, Sapho----------------------------------------------------------.35 .32 Pap boats_____________________________________________ _— . 31J^ . 28 Pickles, single mould, S. C. settlement--------------------------------------------.20 Pickles, plain or scalloped, leaf mould method, H. L. C. Co__________ . 18 Sick feeders, front spout____________________________________ .31}^ .28 Sauce tureens________________________ _____________________ .90 .84 .40 .37 Sauce boats_______________________________________________ Sugars, individual__________________________________________ .45 .42 Sugars, 36’s________________________________________________ .45 .42 Sugars, 30’s________________________________________________ .50 .48 Sugars, 24’s________________________________________________ .55 .53 Urinals, male______________________________________________ .58 .54 Urinals, female_____________________________________________ .63 .58 Teapots holding less than 16 ounces_____________ ___________ • .75 .70 Teapots holding 16 ounces and under 24 ounces__________ ____ .80 .75 Teapots holding from 24 to 36 ounces_____ __________________ .90 .85 All teapots larger than 36 ounces to remain at present prices. New teapots to conform to above scale. Cast articles not enumerated on this list shall remain as paid for at present in the various potteries. The same understanding as to special prices on articles extraordinarily difficult shall apply as on all other classes of work. 1 As revised Sept. 15,1020, and with amendments down to 1925. 2As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. JAs amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 23. 114 THE POTTERY IND USTRY A manufacturer in order to avail himself of the above prices must install appliances similar to those at Laughlin’s Newell Shops. Where casting is done with molds made for pressing, pressing prices shall be paid. Sufficient straps, hoops, and pouring buckets shall be furnished by the firm. The term of apprenticeship for casters and the discounts applying to the various periods shall be identical with those established for pressers. In determining the ratio of apprentices to which any firm is entitled the total * number of pressers and casters shall be taken together, and in this feature shall be regarded as one and the same trade. The ratio of apprentices established for pressing shall not be exceeded in the casting department as a separate unit. At all times either as apprentice or journej^man the status of any individual shall be considered the same, both as a caster and as a presser, and he may be transferred from the one trade to the other, if mutually agreeable to himself and employer without prejudice to his standing in either branch and at the same discount, if an apprentice, to which he is entitled in the other trade. In other words, anyone who has completed his term as a caster shall be considered as having completed his term as a presser and vice versa. When an opening occurs on the casting bench for a beginner, and no apprentice presser on that shop is an applicant, a sticker-up who has served two years or more on that shop shall be given the preference. DIPPING Add 41 1 per cent to the following prices: Hooking ware, 65 cents per kiln man’s day's work. Firm to furnish sponges and gather where ware has to be gathered. Ware to be delivered at tub, and glaze to be delivered and sieved by firm. Ware thrown out on grid and not sponged at tub 45 cents per kiln man's day's work. The firm to furnish all help to the dipper. For all pin ware placed in first ring the dipper shall count the same number of days extra as. the kiln men do. Each dipper shall be paid his full earnings direct from the office; and the dipper's count shall be taken from the kiln men's time sheet for the actual ware placed in the kilns up to counting time, less any extra time allowed the kiln men for carrying. Where dippers are putting in to exceed one kiln man's day per hour and the firm finds that they are not getting good results, the firm may insist upon the dipper working until five minutes of 4 o'clock. The firm may insist upon the use of the hook in dipping all flat ware above 5-inch size and the use of the pin board when the dipper is so instructed. All extra dipping to be settled by standing committee. An apprentice may be put on whenever it is not possible to secure a competent journeyman. T h e f o ll o w i n g ite m s m u s t b e d i p p e d o n e a t a tim e w ith a h o o k , a n d . a n a i l b o a r d u s e d : P l a t e s , 6 -in c h , 7 -in c h , 8 - in c h ; a ll d is h e s la r g e r th a n 6 in c h e s . T h e f o ll o w i n g a r tic le s m a y b e d i p p e d tw o a t o n e tim e , b u t n e v e r m o r e th a n tw o : S a u c e r s , f r u i t s f o a tm e a ls , b a k e r s ' 8 -in c h a n d 4 - in c h ; d is h e s , 8 - in c h a n d 4 -in c h , p ic k le s , d r a in e r s , su g a r a n d tea p o t covers. A l l o th e r a r tic le s la r g e r th a n th o s e a b o v e m e n t io n e d , i n c lu d in g h o llo w w a r e , m u s t b e d i p p e d o n e a t a tim e . I n d iv id u a l b u tte rs , n o t m o r e th a n th ree a t o n e tim e . A l l a r tic le s to b e p r o p e r l y d i p p e d a n d s h a k e n , n o t m e r e l y d i p p e d a n d t h r o w n o n th e b o a r d . A l l c u t w a r e , p a r t i c u l a r l y d i s h e s a n d b a k e r s , t o b e p e n c i l e d w h e n g a t h e r e d .5 The term of apprenticeship for dippers shall be three (3) years, during which the rates of wages shall be as follows: First six months_______________________________________ $1. 50 Second 6 months__________________ ;____________________ 1. 75 Second year_______________________ _____________________ 2. 25 Third year_____________________________________________ 2. 75 Eight hours' actual work shall constitute a day. During the entire term the wages of the apprentice shall be figured at $3.50 per day, 10 per cent of which shall be retained by the firm, and the difference between the remainder and what the apprentice actually receives under the * As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. * Added to 1920 agreement Aug. 11,1921. APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEMENT 115 apprenticeship scale shall be divided between the journeymen dippers on the same crew, in any manner they may stipulate. At some period during the term of apprenticeship all apprentice dippers shall be required to do hollow-ware dipping until they become thoroughly skilled in that class of work, and they shall be required to begin that work not later than the beginning of the third year of apprenticeship. Extra compensation for dipping anderglaze E. M. Knowles, per decorating kiln tier___ _____________ _____________$0. 20 K. T. & K. Buckeye, per decorating kiln tier_________________________ . 20 Laughlin No. 2, per decorating kiln tier_______ ______ ________________ . 20 Hall china, per decorating kiln tier________________________ __________ . 20 Colonial pottery, each 100 dozen regular dinner ware__ _______________ . 40 D. E. McNicol pottery, each 100 dozen regular dinner ware____________ . 40 Buffalo Pottery Co., each decorating kiln_____________________________ 1. 00 It is recommended that the use in the glaze of materials of an unusual charac ter which are injurious to the health of workmen is condemned, and where such are used shall be discontinued. DISH MAKING Hotel dishes and bakers, add 566per cent and to regular weight dishes and bakers add 46 7per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Bakers, oval, 2J^-inch____________________________________________ $0.10 Bakers, oval, 3-inch______________________________________________ . 10 Bakers, oval, 4-inch______________________________________________ . 11 Bakers, oval, 5-inch______________________________________________ . 12 Bakers, oval, 6-inch______________________________________________ . 13 Bakers, oval, 7-inch---------------------------------------------------------------------14J^ Bakers, oval, 8-inch______________________________________________ . 16J^ Bakers, oval, 9-inch_____________ _________________________________ . 18 Bakers, oval, 10-inch_______________________________________ ______ . 20 Bakers, square, 3-inch____________________________________________ . 12 Bakers, square, 4-inch____________________________________________ . 14 Bakers, square, 5-inch------------------------------------------------------------------. 15 Bakers, square, 6-inch____________________________________________ . 16% Bakers, square, 7-inch_________________________________________. 17% . 20 Bakers, square, 8-inch____________________________________________ Bakers, square, 9-inch__________________________________________ _ . 22J^ Bakers, square, 10-inch-----------------------------------------------------------------.25 Dishes, oval, 2J^-inch._________________________________________ _ . 09J^ . 09*^ Dishes, oval, 3-inch______________________________________________ Dishes, oval, 4-inch______________________________________________ .11 Dishes, oval, 5-inch______________________________________ ________ . 12 r Dishes, oval, 6-inch----------------------------------------------------------------------.13 Dishes, oval, 7-inch_____________________________________________ _ . 14 Dishes, oval, 8-inch______________________________________________ . 16J^ Dishes, oval, 9-inch______________________________________________ . 17 Dishes, oval, 10-inch_____________________________________________ .20 Dishes, oval, 11-inch_____________________________________________ . 23 Dishes, oval, 12-inch_____________________________________________ .25 Dishes, oval, 13-inch_____________________________________________ .29 Dishes, oval, 14-inch_____________________________________________ .33 Dishes, oval, 15-inch_____________________________________________ .42 Dishes, oval, 16-inch____________________________________________ . 42 Dishes, square, 6-inch_________________________________ ___________ . 1634 Dishes, square, 7-inch-------------------------------------------------------------------. 17% Dishes, square, 8-inch____________________________________________ .20 Dishes, square, 9-inch_________________________________ ___________ . 22J^ Dishes, square, 10-inch_________________________________________ _ . 25 Dishes, square, 11-inch___________________________________________ . 27^ Dishes, square, 12-inch--------------------------------------------- -------------------. 30 Dishes, square, 13-inch-----------------------------------------------------------------. 33% Dishes, square, 14-inch______________________________________ .____ . 40 Dishes, square, 16-inch---------------------------- --------------- ---------------------. 52 •As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 81. *As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 69. 116 TH E POTTERY IN D U STRY It is understood that where an advance on the old base price for dishes and bakers has been previously paid that same advance will apply over and above the new base price. The base price on 10-inch hotel bakers in semiporcelain is increased from 18 cents a dozen to 25 cents a dozen. This price applies to both the handmade and the machinemade baker on outside mold. On dish-making jobs where a helper is employed the firm shall pay the helper a bonus of 16 s .per cent on the scale base prices on 8-inch and all larger sizes. The firm shall deliver clay to the floor on which dish-maker works, free of charge. All ware stamped in the clay state shall be paid for at the rate of one-fourth cent per dozen extra. Fancy festooned and embossed dishes to be set by standing committee. Piecework on dish machine shall be paid for at cable prices. The number of apprentices at the dish-making trade shall be one apprentice to every three journeymen or less, and shall serve five years, subject to the same discount as the apprentice presser. The firm shall have the privilege of giving any article on the dish-making list to apprentice dish makers during the last two years of their service. Dish makers shall be given the preference on all work on the dish-makers' list, when the work is done by the casting process. It is recommended that manufacturers and dish makers cooperate in improved stove-room conditions when it is convenient to do so. That dish makers be furnished free clay when working without a helper.• HANDLING Add 40 * per cent to the following prices: Pei dozen Chamber covers, turned___________________________________________$0. 12 Chambers, handling______________________________________________ . 08 . 05 Chambers, knobbing covers_______________________________________ Chambers, turned-up handles______________________________________ .06 Cups, chocolate, extra thin________________________________________ . 05 Cups, coffee, block handle_________________________________________ . 04 Cups, coffee, open handle_________________________________________ . 04 Cups, coffee, extreme extra thin___________________________________ . 05 Cups, coffee, A. D., open handle___________________________________ . 04 Cups, coffee, A. D., block handle__________________________________ . 03Yi Cups, coffee, jumbo_______________________________________________ . 06 Cups, coffee, hotel________________________________________________ . 04^ . 04 Cups, tea, block handle, St. Denis, Baltimore, and Holland---------------Cups, tea, thin, open handle_______________________________________ .04 Cups, tea, extreme extra thin__________________________________ :__ .05 . 04J^ Cups, tea, hotel__________________________________________________ Cups, tea, New York, half thick___________________________________ . 04J^ Cups, toy, open handle____________ ___________________________ _______ 04 . 03K Cups, toy, block handle___________________________________________ Custards, ordinary_______________________________________ ________ . 04 . 043^ Custards, thin__ ________________________________________________ Egg cups, double_________________________________________________ .05 Mugs, 36’s_______________________________________________________ . 06 Mugs, 30’s_______________________________________________________ .06 Mugs, 24’s_____________________________________________ _________ .06 Mugs, dairy______________________________________________________ . 08 . 08 Mugs, beer______________________ ________________________________ Mustache cups, lip and handle_____________________________________ .20 Mustards, handling_______________________________________________ .04 Mustards, sticking on knobs_______________________________________ .04 Mustards, cutting covers__________________________________________ .04 Mustards, spoons___________________ :_____________________________ . 05 Spitting cups, turned-up handle____________________________________ .06 Spitting cups, pressed handle______________________________________ . 08 * As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. 8As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 19. 6Added to 1920 agreement Jan. l f 1923. APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 117 Per dozen Spoon holders, turned, sticking on foot_______________________________ $0. 06 Spoon holders, two handles________________________________________ _ . 12 Sugars, hotel, handling______________________________________________ .08 . 06 Sugars, hotel, sticking on ears___________________ ___________________ . 08 Sugars, toy, two handles____________________________________________ Sugars, toy, sticking on ears------------------ ------------------------------------------. 06 Teapots, toy, spouting and handling_________________________________ .20 Where covering or ringing of cups exists, same prices to be paid as heretofore. One-half cent per dozen shall be paid for boxing cups with the use of starch or other adhesive material, and nothing shall be paid for this work where no cementing preparation is employed, the firm shall have the option of having boxing done by an employee independent of the handler; the emploj^er may re quire that all handles be cut and stuck on, and all cups boxed by a journeyman or apprentice handler, and that ail handles shall be properly finished and trimmed. The firm furnishes the starch and the handler mixes it. One apprentice shall be allowed for the first journeyman handler, and one addi tional apprentice for every three additional journeymen. When there is a vacancy for an apprentice handler, the oldest boy in the han dling shop in point of service, shall, if competent, be given the preference. Every apprentice handler during the last eighteen months of his apprenticeship, shall be given an opportunity to handle all articles on the handling list, made in that shop. The apprentice handler shall serve three years at the following rates: First year, 20 per cent off. Second year, 15 per cent off. Third year, 10 per cent off. No handler after having served his full term of apprenticeship shall be dis charged to make room for an apprentice. JIGGERING Add 467 per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Basins, mouth inside_____________________________________________ $0. 18 Basins, outside___________________________________________________ . 35 Basins, inside, 6’s________________________________________________ . 30 Basins, inside, 9’s________________________________________________ . 25 Basins, inside, 12’s_______________________________________________ . 20 No claim for extra prtce shall be demanded for lug or festoon on basin that does not protrude beyond the line of the basin more than three-eighths of an inch; if lug is larger or shape unusually difficult, price shall be determined upon merit. Measurement of lug shall be taken in glost state. It is understood that this provision shall not dis turb any fixed or settled price for any basin now being made, it being conceded that prices now being paid in the West for fancy basins are sufficient and satisfactory, and no increase is to be asked during the life of this agreement for any new basin of similar style. Bowls, mixing, 42’s_______________________________________________ . 05^ Bowls, mixing, 36’s_______________________________________________ . 05 . 05J^ Bowls, mixing, 30’s_________________________________ _____________ Bowls, mixing, 24’s_______________________________________________ . 06 Bowls, mixing, 18’s____________ __________________________________ . 08^ Bowls, mixing, 12’s_______________________________________________ . 12 Bowls, mixing, 9’s________________________________________________ . 15 Bowls, mixing, 6’s________________________________________________ . 22J^ Bowls, mixing, 4’s________________________________________________ . 32J^ Bowls, Navy, made with hook scrapper or any other method_________ . 08 Bowls, oyster, 36’s, with ball or bat, turned_________________________ . 03 Bowls, oyster, 30’s, with ball or bat, turned_________________________ . 03 Bowls, oyster, 24's, with ball or bat, turned_________________________ . 03 Bowls, oyster, where necessary to run up, all sizes___________________ . 04J^ Bowls, oyster, low foot, sponged, 42’s______________________________ .06 7As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 69. 118 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Per dozen Bowls, oyster, low foot, sponged, 36’s__________ ___________________ $0. 06 Bowls, oyster, low foot, sponged, 30’s______________________________ ___. 06 Bowls, punch, 7-inch_____________ ________________________________ ___. 20 Bowls, punch, 8-inch________ _____________________________________ ___. 20 Bowls, punch, 9-inch________ 1____________________________________ ___. 23 Bowls, punch, 10-inch____________________________________________ ___. 24 Bowls, 36’s, sponged______________________________________________ ___.05 Bowls, 30’s, sponged______________________________________________ ___. 05 Bowls, 24’s, sponged-------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 06 Bowls, St. Denis, all sizes, with ball or bat, turned__________________ ___. 03 Bowls, St. Denis, where necessary to run up, all sizes_______________•_ . 04*^ Brush vases, toilet________________________________________________ ___. 10 Brush vases, turned______________________________________________ ___. 06 Butters, individual, plain, regular weight___________________________ ___. 03 Butters, individual, hotel_________________________________________ ___. 0354 Butters, individual, festooned___________ :_________________________ ___. 03 Butters, covered, cable, jigger only, three pieces________________________. 22J^ Butters, covered, ordinary, round, jigger only, three pieces___________ __ . 20 Butters, covered, plate bottom,.three pieces________________________ ___. 16 Butters, extra covers_____________________ ___________________________. 06J^ Butters, extra bottoms_____________________________ ______________ ___. 06^2 Butters, extra drainers_____________________________ *______________ ___. 03 Buckwheat covers (Laughlin China Co.), complete.._________________ ___. 08 Cake plates, ordinary, 9-incli______________________________________ ___. 08 Cake plates, with lugs_________________________________^__________ ___. 10 Casseroles, 8-inch________________________________________________ ___. 30 Casseroles, 9-inch________________________________________________ ___. 35 Casseroles, 10-inch_______________________________________________ ___. 40 Chambers, toilet_________________________________________________ ___. 25 Chambers, .cable, 6’s______________________________________________ __ . 25 Chambers, cable, 9’s__ ___________________________________________ ___. 25 Chambers, cable, 12’s_______________________________________________ . 20 One-piece mold chamber of the style commonly made in Trenton, com plete---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- . 43 Chambers, turned, same as cable. Combinets---------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------- . 50 Creams, individual and toy------------------------------------------------------------ ---- . 06 Creams, block, individual_________________________________________ __ . 06 Cups, ordinary, turned______________________________________________ . 02 Cups, ordinary, sponged__________________________________________ __ . 03 Cups, St. Denis, turned----------------------------------------------------------------- ---- . 02J^ Cups, St. Denis, sponged--------------------------------------------------------------- ---- . 03J^ Cups, hotel, regular______________________________________________ __ .03 Cups, Navy, tulip-------------------------------------------------------------------- .— ' . 04 Cuspidors, jiggered only__________________________________________ __ . 50 Egg cups, double---------------------------------------------- --------------------------------.04 Egg cups, single, “ block” -------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 05 Ewers___________________________________________________________ __ . 30 Ewers, mouth____________________________________________________ __ . 18 Fruits, hotel_____________________________________________________ __ . 04J^ Fruits, plain and festooned-----------------------------------------------------------------. 03J^ Ice creams, plain and festooned------------------------------------------------------ ----. 03J^ Ice creams, hotel-________________________________________________ __ . 04 Jugs, hallboy, 30’s------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 14 Jugs, hallboy, 24’s-----------------------------------------------------------------------------. 15 Jugs, hallboy, 12’s-----------------------------------------------------------------------------. 18 Jugs, ordinary, 42’s----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----.09 Jugs, ordinary, 36’s----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 11 Jugs, ordinary, 30’s________________________________________ ______ __ . 13 Jugs, ordinary, 24’s_______________________________________________ __ .15 Jugs, ordinary, 12’s----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----.18 Jugs, ordinary, 6’s________________________________________________ __ .23 Mugs, toilet_____________________________________________________ __ .09 Mugs, 42’s, turned_______________________________________________ __ . 03 Mugs, 36’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----. 03 Mugs, 30’s, turned---------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------ ----. 03 APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 119 Per dozen Mugs, 24’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------------ $0. 03J^ Mugs, lemonade or soda, jiggering only. Mugs, 3% inches in height or under________________________________ . 03J^ Mugs, over 3% inches to 4% inches in height_______________________ . 04 Mugs, over 4% inches in height-----------------------------------------------------. 06 Allowance for variation, one-eighth inch. Glost measurements shall govern. Mustards, turned____________________________________________ ____ . 02 Mustards, covers______________ ________________________________ . 03 Nappies, plain scalloped, 2J^-inch, inside___________________________ . 07 Nappies, plain scalloped, 3-inch, inside_____________________________ . 07 . 07 Nappies, plain scalloped, 4-inch, inside___ __________________________ Nappies, plain scalloped, 5-inch, inside_____________________________ . 08 Nappies, plain scalloped, 6-inch, inside_____________________________ . 08 Nappies, plain scalloped, 7-inch, inside_____________________________ . 08 Nappies, plain scalloped, 8-inch, inside_____________________________ . 09 Nappies, plain scalloped, 9-inch, inside. __________________________ . 09 Nappies, plain scalloped, 10-inch, inside____________________________ . 09 Nappies, 23^-inch, outside________________________________________ . 08 Nappies, 3-inch, outside__________________________________________ . 08 Nappies, 4-inch, outside__________________________________________ . 08 Nappies, 5-inch, outside__________________________________________ . 10 Nappies, 6-inch, outside___________________________________________ . 10 Nappies, 7-inch, outside__________________ ____________ ___________ . 10 Nappies, 8-inch, outside__________________________________________ . 10 Nappies, 9-inch, outside___________________________ _______________ . 12 Nappies, 10-inch, outside--------------------------------------------------------------.12 Nappies, oyster, 42’s____________________________________________ ^ . 06 Nappies, oyster, 36’s_____________________________________________ . 06 Nappies, oyster, 30’s------------ -------------------------------------------------------. 06 Nappies, oyster, 24’s_____________________________________________ . 06 Oatmeals, 36’s and 30’s-------------------------------- ---------------------------------. 04 Oatmeals, hotel__________________________________________________ . 04 This price shall apply to all oatmeals now made within the official size list, but it shall not apply to any oatmeal introduced in future over 6 inches in diameter or inches in inside depth, glost. Pails, funnel top_________________________________________________ . 60 Pails, flat top, side straight, with or without inside verge_____________ .50 . 50 Bellied pail, flat top, without inside verge__________________________ Bellied pail, flat top, with inside verge_____________________________ .60 Plates, coupe soups, festoon, 6-inch________________________________ .06 Plates, coupe soups, festoon, 7-inch------------------------- ----------------------. 06 Plates, coupe soups, festoon, 8-inch------------------------------------------------. 07% . 05 Plates, coupe soups, plain edge, 6-inch__________________ ___________ Plates, coupe soups, plain edge, 7-inch_____________________________ . 06 Plates, coupe soups, plain edge, 8-inch--------------------------------------------. 06% Coupes, half thick, 7-inch_________________________________________ . 06% Plates, flat, festooned, 3-inch______________________________________ . 04 Plates, flat, festooned, 4-inch______________________________________ . 04 Plates, flat, festooned, 5-inch______________________________________ . 04 Plates, flat, festooned, 6-inch______________________________________ .05 Plates, flat, festooned, 7-inch______________________________________ . 05j^ Plates, fiat, festooned, 8-inch______________________________________ . 0634 Plates, plain edge, 3-inch__________________________________________ . 03^1 Plates, plain edge, 4-inch__________________________________________ .03% Plates, plain edge, 5-inch__________________________________________ . 04% Plates, plain edge, 6-inch__________________________________________ . 04% Plates, plain edge, 7-inch---------------------- ----------------------------------------. 05% Plates, plain edge, 8-inch__________________________________________ . 06 Plates, soup, plain edge, 5-inch____________________________ ________ . 04% Plates, soup, plain edge, 6-inch____________________________________ . 05% . 05% Plates, soup, plain edge, 7-inch____________________________________ Plates, soup, plain edge, 8-inch------------------------------------------------------. 06 Plates, soup, festooned, 5-inch__________________________________— . 05 Plates, soup, festooned, 6-inch------------------ -------------------------------------. 06 . 06J4J Plates, soup, festooned, 7-inch-------------------------------------------------------- 120 the pottery in d u s t r y Per dozen Plates, soup, festooned, 8-inch_____________________________________ $0. 07J^ Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 3-inch___________ ____________ . 04 Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 4-inch________________________ . 04J^ Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 5-incli________________________ . 05 Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 6-inch________________________ . 05 M Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 7-inch________________________ . 06ji Plates, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 8-inch________________________ . 07M Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 5-inch__________________ . 05 Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 6-inch__________________ . 06 Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 7-inch__________________ . 06H Plates, soup, hotel, half thick and roll edge, 8-inch__________________ . 073^ Plates, grill, No. 1, T. S. & T., complete____________________________ . 25 Plates, grill, No. 2, T. S. & T., complete____________________________ . 25 Plates, grill, No. 3, T. S. & T., complete____________________________ . 13 Saucers, tea, coffee, toy, and A. D., plain and festooned______________ . 03 Saucers, plain, hotel______________________________________________ . 04 Saucers, plain, hotel, when stamped in clay_____ ___________________ . 04 Saucers, jumbo, festooned_________________________________________ . 05 Saucers, jumbo, plain_____________________________________________ . 04M Slop jars_________________________________________________________ .90 . 18 Soaps, jigger only, loose drainer (including drainer)______________ ,__ Soaps, jigger only, fast drainer-------------------------------------------------------. 16 Spittoons, low, parlor_____________________________________________ . 18 Spittoons, tall, parlor_____________________________________________ .20 Spittoons, two-piece______________________________________________ . 25 Spoon holders, stuck-up___________________________________________ .09 Sugars, individual, round, complete________________________________ . 05 Sugars, ordinary__________________________________________________ . 20 Sugars, toy_____________________________________________________ . 15 Teapots, ordinary________________________________________________ . 25 Teapots, ordinary, toy____________________________________________ . 16 It is understood that where an advance of one-fourth cent per dozen on plainedge plates, embossed, and of one-eighth cent^ per dozen on plain-edge saucers and fruits, embossed, have been previously paid, that same advance will apply over the above prices for plain-edge plates, fruits, and saucers. The cup maker shall not be charged for losses for which he is not responsible. It is not intended that the normal losses of finishing, turning, handling or any work in the completion of the finished cup for the green room shall be within the meaning of the above. The firm shall deliver clay to the jigger floor free of charge. When a clay carrier fails to report for duty, the men he serves shall carry their own clay with the assistance of their boys, blit not more frequently than one day each pay; or they shall permit the clay to be delivered to them by a man the firm may select as a temporary substitute, and such man shall be treated with courtesy and due consideration. When a jigger man works with less than a regular crew he shall receive 27 12 cents net for each helper absent. When a jigger man works alone or with one helper, where a clay carrier is employed, he shall receive free clay, and in shops where no clay carrier is em ployed the firm and the jigger man shall agree on the amount he shall be paid for the work. The Me Masters stove room is classed as an ordinary stove room. On the chain or conveyor stove room one helper shall be considered a full crew, but when the jigger man on such stove room works alone he shall receive 55 13 cents bonus and free clay. Whenever a manufacturer desires that plates shall be sanded and settered, he shall deliver the sand and setters to the jigger man without charge. When a manufacturer requires that hotel plates be stamped in the green state one-quarter (34) of a cent extra shall be allowed for that work. Jigger men shall not be required to hold their crews longer than 30 minutes when an accident occurs that cuts off their power. In the employment of finishers by jigger men the firm shall not require any discrimination solely on account of sex. m As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 30. i* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 50. APPEN D IX —WAGE AGREEM ENT 121 Jigger men shall be relieved of the expense of throwing out old molds and put ting in new molds. Jigger men shall receive 6 7 14 cents net per hour when engaged at putting in new molds and throwing out old molds. Jigger men shall continue to pay to batter-out and mold runner present wage only. Manufacturer to pay 1 0 % 15per cent to batter-out and 1 0 % 15 per cent to mold runner on total output of jigger based upon net scale prices. On jiggers where two mold runners are employed the 10 % 15 per cent to mold runners shall be divided between them. It is recommended that where any hardship is imposed upon jigger men by the firm insisting upon the use of a hook scrapper in making cups, some fair remedy be applied. It is recommended that any jigger man required to make granite mixing bowls shall be given a part of his order in better paid work. " 'J'pro unusual conditions or inconveniences exist beyond the average, the jigger m m shall receive a percentage extra, the same to be fixed by the standing committee. xj a committee representing the jigger men, batters-out, mold runners, and finishers work, out. a four-way system for paying these branches separately that is satisfactory to them, their combined wages coming out of the base-scale prices for jiggering with the plusage in effectf and with the understanding that all adjustments in the wages of these branches must be settled among themselves, and that the jigger man be re sponsible for the work and hiring of the baiter-out, mold runner, and finisher as they are to-day, a committee from the United States Pottery Association will meet them, and if the plan is satisfactory to them, indorse it, and, if necessary, make it a part of the uniform scale. The question of the employment of finishers by the firm shall be optional with the firm.9 A p p r e n t ic e J ig g e r m e n Apprentice jigger men may be employed in the following maximum ratio: One in a total of five jigger men or less, two in ten, and one in each additional five; the period of apprenticeship shall be two years, and the price a discount of five per cent throughout the entire period, from the established prices for jiggered work; in the selection of apprentices the employer shall give preference to competent jigger men helpers who have been employed at his factory for not less than two years; should a scarcity of competent jigger men exist, employer shall have the privilege of putting on jigger at journeyman's wages, any journeyman in the clay department of his factory; no journeyman shall be discharged to make room for an apprentice. It is recommended that a journeyman pressor be given preference when a vacancy occurs on a jumbo jigger, provided a competent^igger man is not avail able. KILN DRAWERS—MEN Glost and bisque kilns, 68 17cents per 100 cubic feet. The drawing boss shall receive 25 cents extra per kiln. For drawing bisque kilns 78 18cents shall be paid for each extra day allowed bisque-kiln men for placing excess flat. . One-half day extra shall be allowed for carrying ware up or down one or more full stories of stairs. Kiln drawers shall not be required to start work before 6 o'clock a. m., unless there is a reasonable necessity for it. Each firm shall provide an accurate thermometer to be used when kiln drawers demand it to register the heat of a kiln. If the temperature as shown by the thermometer is above 130° F. within 2 feet of the crown at the second ring, the crew can not be required to draw the kiln within the next six hours. Time and one-half shall be allowed for a third kiln drawn by any crew in one day. Time and one-half shall be allowed when a firm requires the drawing of a kiln on Sunday. Time and one-half may be allowed by any firm after 5 o'clock when they can not procure a crew on regular time. * Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1, 1923. m As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 70. As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 12J£ As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 80. 18As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 90. 122 T H E POTTERY IN D U STRY If the temperature of a kiln registers above 130° F. at 1 o'clock p. m. and the kiln drawers do not wish to draw it, the firm may have the kiln drawn that night and pay time and one-half for it. This agreement is not to be abused by kiln-drawing crews throwing a kiln in the afternoon for the purpose of drawing at night on extra time. The joint committee of manufacturers and kiln drawers pledge themselves to cooperate to prevent this or any other abuse of this agreement. Kiln drawers shall not be required to wheel, carry, or throw out sagger shards. Baskets to be used for kiln drawing shall be placed in a location reasonably convenient to that part of the shop where the kilns are to be drawn. It is recommended that the firms shall investigate the conditions surrounding the work of kiln drawing, and where there appears to be an unnecessary long carry of either sand or empty saggers, that condition shall be remedied. KILN WORK Placing bisque kilns, 200 cubic feet a day. Placing glost kilns, 162 cubic feet a day. Bench boss, $8.78 18for each day’s work in kiln. Journeymen kiln men, $ 3 .1 7 20 for each day’s work in the kiln. Apprentice kiln men, for the first three months, $ 4 .5 0 21 per day; for the bal ance of the first year, $ 2 .5 0 22 per kiln man’s day; second year, $2.75 23 per kiln man’s day; third year, journeyman rate, and he shall receive all extra time after the first three months. The difference between the apprentice rate and the journeyman rate shall be paid to the kiln crew after the first three months until the end of the second year. This concession is made to the kiln crew in consideration of the time they give to teaching the apprentice, and it is understood that the kiln men are to be responsible for the workmanship of said apprentice. While the journeyman rate is paid to the apprentice during the third year, it is understood that his period of apprenticeship does not end until the expiration of the third year, and he shall remain on that plant for the full three-year period, except in cases where the firm by which an apprentice is engaged shall shut down indefinitely, when he may complete his time with any other firm having a va cancy for a kiln man. Apprentice kiln men shall be required to serve 18 months at glost-kiln placing and 18 months at bisque-kiln placing whenever the change from one branch to the other can be made, without the necessity of discharging a kiln man from the opposite crew. In shops where there are less than eight journeymen in the crew they shall be entitled to an apprentice. When it becomes neecssary to put on an apprentice, he shall serve three years. The first week he shall be paid out of the office, after which he shall receive a, day out of the kiln until he has served three months at the trade. If it becomes necessary to work after 5 o’clock he shall be paid extra. Where a kiln crew can not be filled with a full complement of steady, com petent, regular men, the firm shall make application for relief to the labor shortage committee, who shall investigate such claim, and upon proof that the firm has made an honest effort to secure journeymen, and in their judgment the circum stances warrant it, they may permit such firm the privilege to start extra appren tices. The wage scale and conditions for apprentice kiln men shall apply to both the regular and extra apprentices. Kiln men shall not be required to rub individual butters. All footed ware to be sponged. Where the ware is not sponged, the kiln men shall receive 20 cents extra on each kiln man’s day’s work in the kiln for rubbing ware. (This settlement was made at the time the uniform list was adopted in Trenton.) Where there is an ascension of a half story to the green room or dipping room, there shall be one-half day added to kiln and one full day for full story. Where the distance from the door of the green room or dipping room is between 60 and 75 feet to the kiln door, an extra half day shall be allowed. Where the distance is » As amended January, 1923; 10 As amended January, 1923; » As amended October, 1924; » As amended January, 1923; s’ As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $4.20. 1920 agreement reads $3.52. 1920 agreement reads $4.25. 1920 agreement reads $2.00. 1920 agreement reads $3.05. APPENDIX— WAGE AGBEEM ENT 123 between 75 and 100 feet, one day extra shall be allowed. Where the distance is between 100 and 125 feet, an extra one and one-half day shall be allowed. Every pin bung placed in the first ring shall count two ovals. Bats substituted for wauvers in the first ring and arches of glost kilns, 3 cents extra per bung, plus 76 per cent. When the saggers are placed flat on in the first ring in glost kilns, the kiln men shall receive one day extra on 14-6 diameter kiln, one and one-half days extra on a 15-6 diameter kiln, and two days extra on a 16-6 diameter kiln. A pin boy shall be put on at the request of either the firm or the kiln crew. The expense shall be borne equally between the firm and the crqw. Where a pin boy is employed he shall be paid not to exceed two ($2) dollars per kiln and twenty-five (25) cents per hundred for all pin saggers cleaned for first ring, plus 76 per cent. The firm shall pay no part of the wages of a pin boy, except for such time as a pin boy is employed and does the work. When kiln men are required to place saggers flat on in bisque kilns, the extra compensation for this work shall be as follows: 14-6 diameter kiln__________________________________ /zi day. 15-6 diameter kiln__________________________________ 1 day. 16-6 diameter kiln__________________________________ 1J4 days. F l a t w a r e in F i r s t R in g o f B is q u e K il n Plates, dishes, coupe soups, oatmeals, saucers, ice creams, and fruits, when placed in sagger loads only, shall be considered flat ware. All other ware shall be considered hollow or first ring ware. The ordinary setting of a bisque kiln shall be as follows: Flat ware in the first ring four saggers high and in all other rings of the kiln except in the ordinary topping of green saggers. Hollow ware in the first ring above the first four saggers and in the ordinary topping of green saggers. It is provided that a committee be appointed to meet and endeavor to form a new basis of wages and hours for kiln work.9 Flatware placed in excess of four saggers high in the first ring of kilns, so or dered by the firm or its representative, shall be paid for extra at the rate of onefourth day on each day’s work of such excess flatware in the first ring; but if no such orders shall have been given, or hollow ware is placed in any part of the balance of the kiln except as specified in the next paragraph above, then no extra shall be paid on such excess flatware placed in the first ring. Where there is a shortage of green saggers, the bisque kilns may be topped off with fired saggers, provided the same class of ware is placed in the fired saggers that would be placed in the topping of green saggers. Such topping of fired saggers to pay nothing extra. Six jack saggers or the equivalent is considered an ordinary topping in the middle of kiln. Kiln men shall not be required to wheel, carry or throw out sagger shards. The firm shall bear the expense of removing all green-ware scraps from the kiln men’s benches. All tile, door liners, bitstone, fritt, stain, and glost-kiln props and bats shall be delivered without expense to kiln men at the door of the kiln in which they are to be used, and fritt, stain, and bitstone shall be placed in saggers at the expense of the firm. All new kilns shall be measured and all old kilns when repaired with new crown or bottom shall be remeasured after the third firing. It is recommended that as far as practicable the time and methods employed for sweeping kiln-shed floors and punching kilns shall be so adjusted as to protect workmen about the kilns from the injurious effects of dust arising from that work. The use of oil lamps or torches in kilns shall be discontinued and gas or electric lights shall be substituted. Where bisque kilns are fired with coal, they shall not be lighted when the men are working if it is possible to avoid it and not reduce production. When kiln men are required to wait for a kiln or material they shall be paid for all time lost in excess of 15 minutes. 9Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1, 1923. 124 TH E POTTERY IN DU STRY D e l iv e r y o f G r e e n S a g g e r s t o t h e B is q u e - K il n M en On plants where the green saggers were delivered at the expense of the firm prior to June 1, 1916, they shall continue to deliver them to the kiln men. On plants where the kiln men have been accustomed to carrying the green saggers it shall be optional with the manufacturer to deliver the saggers by odd men, but on the smaller plants where it is impossible to arrange for common labor to do the work it is agreed that the firm shall pay kiln men for delivering the green saggers. To arrive at a piecework price a period of two weeks shall be taken, during which count shall be kept of the green saggers carried by the kiln men, their time being figured at the rate of 50 cents per hour. From the amount paid the kiln men for the work and the number of green saggers carried, a piecework price per sagger shall be arrived at and this piece work price shall govern the work after that time. MOLD MAKING Mold makers, net scale, plus 25 25 per cent: per dozen. _ $0.40 Bakers, 3, 4, 5, 6 inch_______________________________ .65 Bakers, 7, 8, 9 inch________________________________________ do____ . 80 Bakers, 10, 11, 12 inch____________________________________ do_____ _____ d o ____ 1. 50 Basins, outside, all sizes__________________________ Basins, inside, all sizes. _______________________ _____ ______ do____ 1. 75 Basins, mouth, all sizes__________________ __________ _ ___ do____ 1. 10 . 45 Basins, plug________________ _____________________ ______________ each _ .08' Batters___ ___________________________ ____________ ______ d o ___ Batting and wedging block______________________ ____ _______do____ .25 .60 Bed pans__________________ _____________ _________ ______________ do____ . 50 Bidet pans_________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ____________ do__________ .20 Bird baths, all sizes_________________________________________ _________________________ _____ ____do____ .70 per dozen,. Bone dishes______________________________________________________ _________ ;_____ .08 Bottom molds______________________________________ _ _ _ _ _each__ .40 Bowls, 42’s____________________ ___________________ per dozen ___ ____ Bowls, 36’s, 30’s, 24’s _ _ _ _ _ __do___ .45 . 60 d o __ Bowls, 18’s__________________________ ___________________ Bowls, 12’s, 9’s_____________________________________ ______ do____ 1. 10 Bowls, 6’s, 4’s_______________________________________ ________ ______________________ ______________ do________ 1. 35 .25 Bowls, punch, two parts__________________________________________ ________ ___________ ______ each__ . 10 Bread trays, round______________ 1__________________________ ______ d o __ . 15 Bread trays, oval_________________________ _’______ ____ _do_____ .45 Brush trays ________ ________________ ______ _______ ____ .d o ____ . 30 ______________ d o ______ Brush vases, for pressing.__________ ____ ______________________ __ .35 Brush vases, with frame, for jigger____ _______________________________ _____ ________ do________ . 35 ____________ _____ ________ d o ______ Butters, fast drainer, open_____________ ________ . 40 Butters, covered, complete______________________________________________________ ____________ do_____ . 12 Butters, extra bottoms--------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ____ _do_____ . 10 Butters, extra covers________________________________ ___ __do___ . 10 Butters, extra drainers______________________________ ______ do____ . 08 Butters, extra bows____________________________________________________ _________________ ____________ do_ _ _ .55 Butters, covered, seven parts complete_________________________________ ______ do________ . 10 Butters, extra handles______________________________________________________________ .25 Butters, individual______________________ _____________________ ______________ do________ . 15 Cake plates, fancy_________________________________________________________________________ ______do____ .60 Cake stands, 7 to 14 inch___________________ _______ _______ do____ .75 Cake stands, 16 to 20 inch_____________ _____________ ______________ do________ . 15 Celery trays_____________________________________________________________ __________________ ______________ do____ per dozen.. 1. 00 Chair pans, 5 to 7 inch____________ __________________________ _________________ ____ Chair pans, 8-inch and up______________________________________ ____________________ ______________ do____ 1. 50 . 85 Chambers, complete, for pressing_____ _______________ _______ each__ .85 Chambers, complete, with frame, for jigger____________ ______ do____ . 10 Chambers, handles__________________________________________________________________ _ _ ______________ do________ .08 Chambers, bows_________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________ d o ________ .70 per dozen _ Chambers, covers, one-piece mold____________________________________ _ _ 1. 10 _______________ do________ Chambers, 12's, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold 88 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 45. APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 125 Chambers, 9’s and 6’s, uncovered, one-piece mold_________per dozen. $1. 2f Chambers, 4’s, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold____________do___ 1. 4v Chamber* covers, two-part mold_____________________________ each.. . 20 Covered dishes, all sizes, complete___________________________ do____ . 75 Covered-dish covers, two-part mold_________________________ do____ . 20 Covered-dish handles_______________________________________ do____ . 10 Covered-dish bows----------------------------------------------------- -------- do-----. 08 Covered-dish bottoms______________________________________ do____ . 08 Casseroles, pressed, same as covered dishes. Creams, individual and restaurant, single mold, for pressing___ do____ . 25 . 20 Creams, double-lipped, single mold, for pressing______________ do____ Creams, 24’s, 30’s, and 36’s, single mold, for pressing_________ do____ . 35 .30 Creams, toy, single mold, for pressing------------------------------------do____ Chocolate pots___________________________ _________________ do____ . 95 Chums for mugs, cups, and bowls-------------------- --------------------- do____ . 10 Chums from 24’s up________________________________________do____ . 18 Combinets, complete_______________________________________ do____ 1. 60 Comports, pressed---------------------------------------------------------------do____ . 45 . 25 Comports, three parts______________________________________ do____ Cospadore’s body only_____________________________________ do____ 1. 25 Cracker jars, handled______________________________________ do-----. 75 . 65 Cracker jars, unhandled____________________________________ do____ Crucifixes_________________________________________________ do-----. 15 Cups, coffee___________________________________________per dozen. _ . 40 Cups, feed, canary, mocking________________________________ do____ . 30 Cups, toy_______________________________________________ --d o -----. 35 Cups, tea, all sizes_________________________________________ do-----. 40 Dishes, 2f to 6 inch-------------------------------------------------------------do-----. 40 . 65 Dishes, 7 and 8 inch______ c-------------------------------------------------- do____ Dishes, 9 to 12 inch________________________________________ do____ . 75 Dishes, 13 to 18 inch--------------------------------------------------------- ..d o----1. 40 . 30 Dish makers flags, 24 x 24 inch--------------------------------------------- each__ Dish makers flags, 30 x 30 inch----------------------------------- -------- do____ . 40 Ewers, complete, 6’s, 9's, and 12's, for jiggering or pressing----- do____ . 70 Ewers, mouth, complete, for jiggering or pressing____________ do_____ .50 Foot baths________________________________________________ do-----2. 00 Footers, all kinds-------------------------------------------- -------------------- do-----. 10 Grill plates No. 1, T. S. & T ________________________________ do____ . 15 Grill plates No. 2, T. S. & T____ ____________________________do____ . 15 Grill plates No. 3, T. S. & T_______________________________ do____ .10 . 65 Glove boxes--------------------------------------------------- -------------------- do-----Glove boxes, handle-------------------------------------------------------------do.-----. 10 Handles, chamber and jug----------------------------------------------------do____ . 10 Handles, cup and mug pressed___________________ ___________ do-----. 08 Ice creams__________________________ _________________ per dozen. _ . 30 Jardinieres, ordinary, 4-inch_________________________________each.. . 50 Jardinieres, ordinary, 5-inch________________________________ do-----. 50 . 65 Jardinieres, ordinary, 6-inch________________________________ do-----. 65 Jardinieres, ordinary, 7-inch________________________________ do____ Jardinieres, ordinary, 8-inch________________________________ do-----. 75 Jardinieres, ordinary, 9-inch________________________________ do-----. 75 Jardinieres, ordinary, 10-inch_______________________________ do____ . 95 Jardinieres, ordinary, 11-inch_______________________________ do____ . 95 Jardinieres, ordinary, 12-inch_______________________________ do____ 1. 10 Jardinieres, ordinary, 14-inch_______________________________ do____ 1. 50 Jars, flat top, body only_______________________________ per dozen. _ . 50 . 25 Jar covers, flat_____________________________________________do-----Jelly cans___________________________________. . ____________ do-----. 50 Jigger heads_______________________ ________________________each. _ . 20 Jugs, 4’s, for pressing____________________ :__________________ do____ . 60 Jugs, 6’s, for pressing_______________________________________do-----. 55 Jugs, 12’s, for pressing______________________________________do____ . 45 Jugs, 24’s to 48’s, for pressing______________________ ________ do-----. 35 Jug covers, two-part mold__________________________________ do____ . 20 Jug handles_______________________________________________ do— „ . IQ 86315°—26----- 9 126 THE pottery industry Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 12’s____________________________ _____each.. $0. 50 Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 24’s_________________________________ do----------. 40 Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 30’s_________________________________ do— r . 40 Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 36’s_________________________________ do----------. 40 Jugs, jiggered, 4's---------------------------------------------------------------- do----------. 65 Jugs, jiggered, 6’s---------------------------------------------------------------- do----------. 60 Jugs, jiggered, 12’s_________________________________________ do----------. 50 Jugs, jiggered, 24’s to 42's__________________________________ do----------. 40 Ladles, soup and sauce_____________________________________ do----------. 15 Ladles, cup___________________________________________ per dozen.. _ . 40 Lead rings_________________________________________________ each__ . 37J^ . 35 Mugs, one-piece mold, jiggered_________________________ per dozen__ Mugs, toilet, jiggered_______________________________________eactu_ . 30 Mugs, pressed, complete____________________________________do----------. 35 Mugs, shaving, complete________ ___________________________do----------. 30 Mugs, shaving, partition only_______________________________ do----------. 10 Mugs, jiggered with frame__________________________________ do----------. 35 Mustards_________________________________________________ do______ . 30 Mustards, jiggered__________________________________ per dozen----------. 35 Mustard covers____________________________________________ do______ . 25 Nappies, 2J^ to 5 inch______________________________________do----------. 50 Nappies, 6 to 8 inch________________________________________do----------. 65 Nappies, 9 and 10 inch__________ ___________________________do______ . 75 Nappies, oval and square, to 5 inch______________ _______ do______ . 60 Nappies, oval and square, 6 to 8 inch________________________ do______ . 67J^ Nappies, oval and square, 9 and 10 inch_____________________ do--------- . 80 Oatmeals__________________________________________________do______ . 45 Patch boxes, body_________________________________________ do______ . 35 Patch boxes, covers________________________________________ do--------- . 25 Pickles____________________________________________________ do--------- . 70 Pin trays__________________________________________________ do------ --- . 75 Plates, pie, 6 to 8 inch______________________________________do--------- . 55 , Plates, pie, 9 and 10 inch___________________________________ do--------- . 65 Plates, to 4 inch___ ____________________________________ do--------- . 35 Plates, 5 and 6 inch___ 7 1 __________________________________ do______ . 40 Plates, 7 and 8 inch________________________________________ do--------- . 45 Plates, bread, jiggered______________________________________ each__ . 10 Puff boxes_________________________________________________ do--------- . 42 Rings, notched__________________________________________ __do------ --- . 18 Rings, single_______________________________________________ each__ . 12 Ring stand, hand and tree__________________________________ do______ . 10 Ring stand bowls______________________________________ per dozen____ . 30 Sugars, complete, for jiggering or pressing____________________ each__ . 75 Sugar covers, two-part mold________________________________ do______. 20 Sugar covers, one-piece mold for jigger__________________ per dozen____. 70 Sugar handles______________________________________________each-. . 10 Sugar bowls_______________________________________________ do______. 08 Saucers, tea and coffee_________________________________ per dozen___. 30 Saucers, toy and A. D ______________________________________ do______.30 Saucers, fruit______________________________________________ do______. 30 Salads_____________________________________________________each____. 45 Sauce boats, complete______________________________________ do______. 45 Sauce boats, stands____________________________________ per dozen. _ . 70 Sick feeders________________________________________________each____. 25 Ship bottles________________________________________ _______ do______. 45 Slop jars, l ’s_______________________________________________do______1. 90 Slop jars, 2 ’s and 3’s________________________________________do______ 1. 65 Soaps, covered_____________________________________________ do______. 50 Soaps, fast drainer__________________________________________do______ .2 0 Soaps, slabs______________________ _________________________do______. 08 Soaps, slabs with hoops_____________________________________ do______. 10 Soaps, hanging, three parts_________________________________ do______. 25 Spit cups, fast tops or loose_______ __________________________do---------. 35 Spittoons, four pieces_____________________________ _________ do---------. 50 Stove founts__________________ ________________________per dozen___. 45 Teapots, all sizes_______________ ____________________________ each.. . 95 APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT Teapots, handles____________________________ _________ .per dozen. . Teapots, spout, single---------------------------------------------------------- do-----Teapots, spout, double_____________________________ ________ do____ Teapot covers, two-part mold------------------------- ----------------------do____ Verge molds__________________________________ ____________ do____ Tureens, sauce, all sizes, complete-------------------------------- -------- do____ Tureens, sauce, stands-------------------------- ------- ----------------------- do____ Tureens, soup and oyster, all sizes, complete_________________ do____ Tureens, soup, stands______________________________________ do____ Urinals_____________________________________ ______________ do____ Whirlers__________________________________________________ do____ M olds for 127 $. 10 . 10 . 20 . 20 .08 . 75 . 10 1. 00 . 15 . 50 . 3 7^ Casting Covered dishes, one in mold, handles attached________________ each.. . 65 Covered dish, handles, 12 handles in mold, H. L. C. Co_______ do____ . 35 Covered dish, bows, 12 bows in mold, H. L. C. Co__________ ^_do____ . 35 Casseroles, one in mold, handles attached____________________ do____ . 65 Ewers, one in mold, handles attached_______ ________________ do____ . 65 Ewer mouth, one in mold, handles attached__________________ do____ . 40 . 25 Handle moulds, cup, one dozen in mold, S. C. settlement______do____ Handle molds, cup, two dozen in mold, S. C. settlement_______do____ . 35 Handle molds, covered dish, one dozen in mold, H. L. C. Co_____ d o .___ . 35 Handle molds, jug, hallboy, eight handles in mold, H. L. C. Co__ do____ .45 Handle molds, mug, one dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement..do___ . 30 Handle molds, mug, two dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement. _do ___ .45 Jugs, 4’s, one in mold, handle attached________________________ do____ . 50 Jugs, 6,s, one in mold, handle attached________________________ do____ .45 Jugs, 12’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____ . 35 Jugs, 24’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____ .30 Jugs, 30's, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____ . 30 All smaller jugs and creams, single jug mold, handle attached____ do____ .30 All above prices on jugs of all sizes apply only when molds are made in the lock bottom form. Multiple molds of two or three compartments for jugs 30’s and smaller sizes and creams, with or without handles attached___________ each. . . 50 Multiple molds for other articles, molasses cans, etc., similar in style and size to above described_______________________________ each.. . 50 Sauce boats, regular, one in mold, handles attached___________ d o .___ . 40 Sauce boats, regular, two in mold, handles attached___________do____ . 50 Sauce boats, regular, double lip, one in mold, handles attached..do___ . 45 Sauce boats, regular, double lip, two in mold, no handles______ do____ . 50 Sauce tureens, one in mold, handles attached_________________ do____ . 65 Sugars, one in mold, handles attached_______________________ do____ . 65 . 35 Sugar cover bows, 24 in mold, per mold, S. C. settlement______do____ Sugar cover molds, six covers in mold, S. C. settlement________do____ . 50 Tankard individual creams, four in mold, for casting, West End Pot tery Co_________________________________________________ each.. . 65 . 85 Teapots, one in mold, handles attached______________________ do____ Urinals, one in mold, handles attached_______________________ do____ . 45 All one-piece molds with handle mold separate, same prices as pressing molds. Soap slab, two-part mold, for casting, West End Pottery Co___ each.. . 15 The work of each mold maker shall be counted separately, and each shall be paid separately from the office. Buckets, coddles, and soap shall be furnished without cost to the mold maker. The ratio of apprentices to journeymen mold makers in the entire general-ware trade shall not exceed one to four. No shop shall be entitled to more than 50 per cent of its full force of mold makers in apprentices. No shop shall be entitled to an apprentice until it can provide reasonably steady work for at least one journeyman and one apprentice. No shop shall be entitled to a sec ond apprentice until it employs at least four journeymen, nor to a third apprentice until it employs at least seven journeymen. The term of apprenticeship shall be five years; the apprentice shall be given the opportunity to thoroughly learn blocking and casing during the last two years of his service as an apprentice; 128 the pottery in d u s t r y the apprentice shall receive his wages directly from the office at the following scale of discounts, from mold making list, plus 3 5 26 per cent: First year, 33J6 per cent discount from fist. Second year, 25 per cent discount from list. Third year, 20 per cent discount from list. Fourth year, 15 per cent discount from list. Fifth year, 15 per cent discount from list. No journeyman mold maker shall be discharged to make room for an appren tice and no apprentice at present employed shall be discharged for the purpose of establishing the foregoing ratio. B l o c k in g a n d C a s in g To experienced workmen, a list of whom is to be made, $ 1 27 net per hour. All other mold makers unlisted who may be given work at blocking and casing shall receive journeyman price, less 10 per cent for the first year, after which they shall receive the full rate. PRESSING Add 5 1 28 per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Bed pans, No. 1____________________________________________________ $1. 05 Bed pans, No. 2 ____________________________________________________ 1. 00 Bed pans, jumbo___________________________________________________ 1. 25 Bidet pans, 17-inch_________________________________________________ 1. 40 Bidet pans, 18-inch _ ________________________________________________ 1. 50 Bird baths, 24's____________________________________________________ . 15 Bird baths, 30's____________________________________________________ . 14 Bird baths, 36’s____________________________________________________ . 13 Bone dishes, footed_________________________________________________ . 25 Bone dishes, unfooted_______________________________________________ . 15 Bread trays________________________________________________________ . 65 Brush trays, footed_________________________________________________ . 60 Brush vases, fast footed_____________________________________________ .30 Butters, hotel, fast drainers_________________________________________ . 55 Butters, loose drainers______________________________________________ . 64 Butters, bodies_____________________________________________________ . 35 Butters, covers_____________________________________________________ . 20 Butters, drainers___________________________________________________ .09 Casseroles, round, 7-inch____________________________________________ . 97 Casseroles, round, 8-inch____________________________________________ 1. 06 Casseroles, round, 9-inch____________________________________________ 1. 20 Casseroles, round, 10-inch__________________________ ________________ 1. 33 . 14 Casseroles, covers, notching_________________________________________ Chambers, 6’s_______________ ______________________________________ .97 Chambers, 9's_____________ J_______________________________________ .8 8 Chambers, uncovered, 6’s___________________________________________ . 65 Chambers, uncovered, 9’s___________________________________________ . 60 Chamber covers, 6’s________________________________________________ .32 Chamber covers, 9’s________________________________________________ .28 Chocolate pots, ordinary____________________________________________ 1. 00 Comports, 6-inch___________________________________________________ .45 Comports, 7-inch___________________________________________________ . 51 Comports, 8-inch_________ _________________________________________ .55 Comports, 9-inch___________________________________________________ .60 Comports, 10-inch__________________________________________________ . 65 Comports, 11-inch___________ ___________________ __________________ .70 Cospadores, unhandled, uncovered, l ’s_______________________________ 1. 47 Cospadores, unhandled, uncovered, 2’s_______________________________ 1. 29 Cospadores, unhandled, uncovered, 3’s_______________________________ 1. 10 Cospadores, handled, l ’s____________________________________________ 2. 02 Cospadores, handled, 2 ’s____________________________________________ 1. 84 Cospadores, handled, 3’s____________________________________________ 1. 61 Cospadores, covers only, all sizes_____________________________________ .32 26 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 57. 17 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $1.15 88 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 75. APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 129 Per dozen Covered dishes, oval, 5-inch_________________________________________ $0. 86 Covered dishes, oval, 6-inch_________________________________________ . 92 Covered dishes, oval, 7-inch_________________________________________ 1. 01 Covered dishes, oval, 8-inch_________________________________________ 1. 11 Covered dishes, oval, 9-inch_________________________________________ 1. 24 Covered dishes, oval, 10-inch________________________________________ 1. 38 Differential in size shall not be over % inch between 5 and 6 inch covered dishes. Cracker jars, handled_______________________________________________ .85 Cracker jars, unhandled_____________________________________________ .70 Creams, 30's_______________________________________________________ . 42 Creams, 24’s_______________________________________________________ .45 Creams, block______________________________________________________ . 22 Creams, toy________________________________________________________ . 22 Ewers, 9’s, all shapes_______________________________________________ 1. 00 Ewers, 12’s, all shapes______________________________________________ . 85 . 45 Ewers, mouth, small ordinary_______________________________________ Ewers, mouth, toilet________________________________________________ . 55 . 45 Ewers, mouth, slabs________________________________________________ Foot baths, 14’s____________________________________________________ 4. 14 Foot baths, 15’s____________________________________________________ 4. 83 5. 52 Foot baths, 16’s____________________________________________________ Jugs, 48’s__________________________________________________________ . 31 Jugs, 42’s__________________________ :_______________________________ . 34 Jugs, 36’s_______________________________________________ __________ . 40 Jugs, 30’s__________________________________________________________ . 46 Jugs, 24’s_________________________________________ ________________ . 50 Jugs, 12’s__________________________________________________________ . 55 Jugs, 6’s___________________________________________________________ . 70 Jugs, 4’s___________________________________________________________ . 85 . 50 Jugs, Rocaille, 30’s_________________________________________________ Jugs, Rocaille, 24’s_________________________________________________ . 55 Jugs, Rocaille, 12’s_________________________________________________ . 65 . 80 Jugs, Rocaille, 6’s___________________ :_______________________________ Jugs, Rocaille, 4’s__________________________________________________ 1. 00 The above is not intended to have any bearing on special prices that have been established for pressing jugs of difficult shapes where those prices are equal to or higher than those here listed, but the abfcve shall be the minimum for any shape. Jugs, fork handle, 12’s______________________________________________ 1. 15 Jugs, fork handle, 6’s_______________________________________________ 1. 25 Jugs, fork handle, 4’s_______________________________________________ 1. 50 Jugs, ice, plain handle, 24’s__________________________________________ . 55 Jugs, ice, plain handle, 12’s____________________ 1__________ ^_________ . 69 Jugs, ice, plain handle, 6’s___________________________________________ . 92 Jugs, ice, plain handle, 4’s______________ 5 ___________________________ 1. 15 Plain round top covered jugs, price and one-half of regular jugs. . 45 Molasses cans, with stands__________________________________________ Molasses cans, without stands_______________________________________ . 39 Mugs, toilet________________________________________________________ . 28 Mustard covers (Laughlin China Co.) pressing________________________ . 18 Nappies, square, scalloped, inside mold, all sizes, per dozen_____________ . 25 Pickles, plain ordinary______________________________________________ . 28 Pickles, scalloped or festooned_______________________________________ . 33 Salads, 6’s, unfooted____________________________________________ ____ . 55 Salads, 7’s unfooted_________________________________________________ . 65 Salads, 8’s, unfooted________________________________________________ . 75 Salads, 9’s, unfooted________ _______________________________________ . 85 Salads, 10’s, unfooted_______________________________________________ . 95 Sauce boats, single handle___________________________________________ . 60 Sauce boats, double handle__________________________________________ . V8 Sauce boats, ladles__________________________________________________ . 25 Sauce boats, stands_________________________________________________ .33 Sauce boats, fast stand, unhandled____________ _______________________ . 93 Sauce boats, fast stand, double handle________________________________ 1. 16 130 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Per dozen Sick feeders, spout on front________________________________________$0. Sick feeders, spout on side_________________________________________ .46 Slop jars, No. 1__________________________________________________ 2. 58 Slop jars, No. 2 __________________________________________________ 2. 40 Slop-jar covers___________________________________________________ . 32 Soaps, round, fast drainers____________________ ___________________ . 28 Soaps, oval, fast drainers____________ _____________________________ .30 Soaps, oval, covered and drainer, complete_________________________ . 60 Soaps, hanging___ ______ _________________________________________ . 46 . 11 Soaps, slabs_________, __________________ _________________________ Soaps, box_______________________________________________________ .33 Soup ladles, l ’s__________________________________________________ .34 Soup ladles, 2’s _________________________________________________ .32 Soup ladles, 3’s__ .___________________ ____________________________ . 30 . 41 Spitting cups___ .________________________________________________ Spittoons, rs, ordinary______________________________________ _____ . 79 . 60 Spittoons, 3’s, ordinary___________________________________________ Spittoons, 4’s, ordinary_______________ i ___________________________ . 55 Spittoons, 5’s, ordinary________________________ .__________________ . 50 Spittoons, 6’s, ordinary___________________________________________ . 44 Spittoons, parlor_________________________________________________ .69 Spittoons, low parlor_____________________________________________ . 55 Spoon holders, double handle______________________________________ . 45 Spoon holders, unhandled_________________________________________ . 28 Sugars, 24’s______________________________________________________ . 64 Sugars, 30’s---------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 60 . 41 Sugars, toy______________________________________________________ Teapots, round or oval___________________________________________ 1. 00 Tureens, oval, 9-inch_____________________________________________ 2. 76 Tureens, oval, 10-inch____________________________________________ 2. 99 Tureens, oval, 11-inch____________________________________________ 3. 22 1. 35 Tureens, oyster, round, 9’s____________________________ ___________ Tureens, oyster, round, 10’s_______________________________________ 1. 50 Tureens, sauce_____________________________ _____________________ 1. 00 Tureens, sauce, stands____________________________________________ . 33 Tureens, sauce, ladles_____________________________________________ .25 1. 48 Tureens, soup, round, 8-inch---------------------------------------------------------Tureens, soup, round, 9-inch______________________________________ 1. 84 Tureens, soup, round, 10-inch--------------------------------------------------------- 2. 07 Tureens, soup, round, 11-inch_____________________________________ 2. 30 Tureens, soup, round, 12-inch--------------------------------------------------------- 2. 54 Tureens, stands for oval, 9-inch-----------------------------------------------------.55 Tureens, stands for oval, 10-inch__________________________________ .64 Tureens, stands for oval, 11-inch----------------------------------------------------- . 74 Tureens, stands for round, 8-inch__________________________________ . 28 Tureens, stands for round, 9-inch__________________________________ . 33 . 44 Tureens, stands for round, 10-inch_________________ _______________ Tureens, stands for round, 11-inch_________________________________ . 50 Tureens, stands for round, 12-inch_________________________________ . 55 Urinals, male____________________________________________________ •65 Urinals, female___________________________________________________ . 70 In the combined pressing and casting trades the proportion of apprentices shall not exceed one apprentice to five journeymen in any one firm, it being un derstood that no apprentice or journeyman shall be discharged in order to establish this ratio. It is also agreed that when the manufacturer with a full quota of apprentices desires an additional presser and is unable to obtain a competent journeyman after application to the secretary of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters, he is at liberty to put on an extra apprentice beyond the established ratio. It is also understood that there shall be no limitation upon the class of work that either journeymen or apprentice pressers shall do in any pottery where the foregoing ratio is established. The apprentice presser shall serve five years before becoming journeyman and shall be paid at the rate of 33% per cent off first year; 25 per cent off second APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 131 year; 20 per cent off third year; 15 per cent off fourth year; 10 per cent off fifth year; sixth year and thereafter, journeyman. It being understood that appren tices shall receive their advances each year as they become due. Specially difficult shapes, prices to be settled by standing committee. Clay to be delivered by the firm to floor on which it is used free of charge. One-third shall be deducted from price of a footed article when same is made without foot. One-half of the price of an unfooted article shall be added when same is made with foot. O n th e q u e s t io n o f p lu g g in g te a p o ts w h ic h h a d b e e n r e fe r r e d to th e la b o r c o m m itte e a n d th e e x e c u tiv e b o a rd f o r s e ttle m e n t, i t w a s a g r e e d th a t th e w e s te r n m e m b e r s o f t h e s e t w o b o a r d s w o u l d t a k e t h e q u e s t i o n u p a n d m a k e a n a d j u s t m e n t .• P r e s s in g Sp e c ia l t ie s Celery trays, jardinieres, spice stands, umbrella stands, glove boxes, pedestals, berry dishes, cake plates, ewer slabs, salt cups, olive trays, slaw dishes, salonettes, fruits, water filters, orange bowls, ash trays, pin trays, mustards, taborets, manicure sets, and jellies—prices to be settled by standing committees if not otherwise agreed upon. PACKING Add 3 5 30 per cent to crates, boxes, and other packages paying less than 10 cents each, and to all other packages add 6 1 31 per cent. Each No. 00__________________________________________________________ $0. 50 No. 0___________________________________________________________ 32. 5 5 No. 1____________________________________________________________ ™ . 5 0 No. 2___________________________________________________________ ™ .5 0 No. 3_*________________________________________ - _________________ 34. 4 S No. 4__._________________________________________________________ 35. 8 5 No. 5___________________________________________________________ .25 No. 6___________________________________________________________ .20 No. 7 or 24-inch barrels___________________________________________ 36. 1 8 22-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 15 20-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12*^ 19-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12J^ 18-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12 17-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12J^ 16-inch barrels___________________________________________________ . 12^ 14-inch barrels-------------------- -------------------------------------------------------. 10 All scheme-------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------.10 All kegs__________________________________ _______________________ .10 Crates and boxes measuring inside 3,400 cubic inches or less___________ .05 Crates and boxes measuring inside between 3,400 and 5,500 cubic inches . 08 100-piece to 112-piece dinner sets in crates or boxes of any size------------. 10 All other crates and boxes at prices of barrels or casks of corre sponding size. The firm shall have the option of employing all packers at day wage, and of paying all packers either on day wage or on piecework, individually from office. Packers, on day wage 7 6 37 cents per hour. Nine hours shall constitute a day’s work, with the exception of pay Saturday, which shall be eight hours. Where a foreman packer is employed over a day wage crew, the wages of such foreman shall be adjusted between him and his employer. Wagons or trucks shall be packed by recognized packers, when the goods are for a customer’s store. 9Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1, 1923. 30As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 60. 31As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87. 32As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .45. » As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .40. m As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .35. 34As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .30. 36As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads .15. 37As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads £7. 132 T H E POTTERY INDUSTRY T h e a d v a n c e i n b a s e -s c a le p r i c e s e ffe c tiv e i n F e b r u a r y , 1 9 2 3 , w e r e b a s e d o n th e fo llo w in g c o n d itio n s : F i r s t. O n a ll c a s k s th a t w e ig h 5 0 0 p o u n d s o r m o r e w h e n p a c k e d e v e r y sta v e m u s t b e n a ile d th r o u g h b oth b ilg e h o o p s . L i n e r s m u s t b e p u t o n a ll c a s k s la r g e r th a n a N o . 5 . T h e lo c k s o f th e q u a rte r o r u n d e r h ea d h o o p s m u s t b e s e c u r e ly n a ile d . S e c o n d . A l l f la t w a r e a n d a ll b a k e r s , n a p p i e s , b o w ls , b u tte r c o v e r s , o a t m e a ls , e tc ., m u s t b e s tra w e d o n th e f lo o r . T h e q u a n tity o f s tra w sh a ll n o t b e s k im p e d . E v ery p i e c e m u s t b e s e p a r a te d f r o m e v e r y o th e r w ith s u ffic ie n t s tr a w f o r a m p l e p r o t e c t i o n . N o tw o o r m o r e p i e c e s s h a ll b e p a c k e d to g e th e r w ith o u t s tr a w b e tw e e n th e m . C om b in e ts a n d c h a m b e r s m u s t be s tu ffe d w ith s m a ll w a r e i f th e r e i s a n y o n th e o r d e r . T h ir d . T h e w a r e s h a ll n o t b e p a c k e d b y th e m e th o d c a lle d “ c r o s s i n g s , ” b u t a ll f la t w a r e a n d a ll c h a m b e r s , c o m b in e t s , b a k e r s , n a p p i e s , b o w ls , e tc ., m u s t b e p a c k e d i n r in g s i n th e c a s k , i n th e e q u iv a le n t o f tw o la y e r s o f 7 -in c h p la t e s , o n e la y e r o f s a u c e r s , a n d tw o la y e r s o f c u p s , w h ic h s h a ll b e c o n s id e r e d th e r ig h t q u a n tit y o f w a r e to f il l a N o . 2 or a N o . 8 ca sk. U n le s s t h e y a r e w r a p p e d i n p a p e r th e b o d ie s a n d c o v e r s o f s u g a r s a n d t e a p o t s s h a ll b e s e p a r a te d w ith s tr a w . I n d iv id u a l b u tte rs sh a ll n o t b e d u m p e d i n th e p a c k a g e b u t m u s t b e c a r e fu l l y p a c k e d in row s. F o u r t h . E v e r y s e p a r a t e d la y e r m u s t b e c a r e fu l l y a n d th o r o u g h ly p a d d e d i n a ll c a s k s a n d b a r r e ls la r g e r th a n a 1 6 - i n c h b a r r e l. E n o u g h c h a ff o r stra w m u s t be p u t i n th e t o p o f c a s k s s o th a t i t w ill b e i m p o s s i b l e to h e a d o f f a c a s k w h ile th e p a c k e r s ta n d s o n th e flo o r . A l l h ea d s o f c a s k s la r g e r th a n a N o . 5 m u s t be tr a m p e d in . F ifth . A n y r e q u e s t m a d e b y th e f ir m f o r a n y m e th o d o f p a c k i n g , o th e r th a n th a t o u t lin e d a b o v e , l o o k in g to a b e tte r m e n t o f th e tv o r k s h a ll b e c h e e r f u l l y c o m p li e d w it h . S i x t h . T h e f i r m s h a ll h a v e th e p r iv ile g e o f h a v in g p a c k i n g d o n e a t e it h e r d a y w a g e o r p i e c e w o r k a t th e r a te s s p e c if i e d i n th e a g r e e m e n t. S e v e n th . T h e r e s h a ll be n o o b je c t i o n m a d e b y th e p a c k e r s to r e a s o n a b le i n s p e c t i o n a n d s u p erv isio n . E ig h th . T h e f i r m m a y h a v e a n y o r a ll o f th e a b o v e s p e c if i c a ti o n s p r o m f n e n t l y p o s te d i n th e p a c k i n g d e p a r tm e n t. A p p r e n t ic e P a c k e r s Day wage, first year, $3.35 per day.38 Second year, journeyman, less 10 per cent. Third year, journeyman rate. Piece work, first year, 20 per cent off. Second year, 10 per cent off. Third year, journeyman rate. While the journeyman rate is paid to the apprentice during the third year it is understood that his period of apprenticeship does not end until the expiration of the third year, and he shall remain on that plant for the full three-year period. An apprentice may be put on whenever it is not possible to secure a competent journeyman. When journeyman packers are required to wait for work they shall be paid for all time lost in excess of 15 minutes at the rate of 7 6 87 cents net per hour. It is recommended that all firms provide comfortably heated packing sheds during the winter months, and that they provide a suitable shelter for protecting returned packages and their contents from the weather. Sets packed (in straw or otherwise) in paper cartons or less than 42 pieces of dinnerware, may be packed at day wage, pending settlement by committee of a piecework price list. This does not cancel the ruling of the standing com mittee on case before them June 23, 1915. P r ic e s f o r P a c k in g G e n e r a l W a r e A p p r o v e d b y E a s t e r n G e n e r a l W a r e St a n d in g C o m m it t e e Each Crates, packed with toilet sets, umbrella stands and large jardinieres._ $0. 55 Crates, packed with teas__________________________________________ __ . 60 Crates, packed with all other ware_________________________________ __ . 58 Size of casks No. 00 cask and No. 1 Demerara__________________________ No. 0 cask and No. 2 Demerara___________________________ Head Stave 42 x 42 40 x 42 37 As amended February, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87. MAs amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads “ prevailing price for unskilled labor/' . 50 . 45 133 APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT Size of casks Head Stave Each No. 1 cask and No. 3 Demerara___________________________ 38 x 42 $0. 40 No. 2 cask, sugars and molasses----------------------------------------- 36 x 40 . 40 No. 3 cask and sodas_____________________________________ 32 x 40 . 35 . 30 No. 4 casks and clay tierce------------------------------------------------ 30 x 36 No. 5 cask and full tierce____________ ____________________ 27 x 36 . 25 No. 6 cask and three-fourths tierce________________________ 22 x 36 . 20 No. 7 cask and barrel and half tierce______________________ 24 x 30 . 15 22-inch barrels___________________________________________ 22 x 30 . 15 20-inch barrels___________________________________________ 20 x 30 . 12J4 19-inch barrels___________________________________________ 19 x 30 . 1234 . 12J4 18-inch barrels_________________________ _________________ 18 x 30 17-inch barrels_____________________________ _____________ 17 x 30 . 12 16-inch barrels___________________________________________ 16 x 24 . 1234 14-inch barrels___________________________________________ 14 x 24 . 10 Kegs_____________ , _____________________________________________ . 10 Small crate boxes________________________________________________ . 08 Small boxes______________________________________________________ .05 Loose packing without strawing, that is loose bungs put in packages, twothirds of regular packing price, per package. Unpacking full packages to be paid same as regular prices for packing, if d<*ne by a journeyman packer, but it is optional with the firm whether they have the packer, warehouseman or others to do unpacking. Packing cars, to be done day wage. The “ small crate boxes” on this list are understood to mean boxes that com pare in size with the following sizes of “ small crates,” packed in the West at 8 cents each: No. 1, 20z/ i inches long, 17 inches wide, 18 inches deep. No. 2 , 1934 inches long, 14J^ inches wide, 14 inches deep. No. 3, 18J4 inches long, 12 inches wide, 10 inches deep. All boxes smaller than the above sizes shall be known as small boxes, at 5 cents each. SAGGER MAKING Including mauling, add 4 2 39 per cent; without mauling, add 4 1 2 per cent to the following prices: Each Bats------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- $0. 03 Bed pans________________________________________________________ __ . 05 Bisque hilliers____________________________________________________* . 04 Bisque plates, 8-inch________________________________________________ . 05 Bisque ringers, cut bottom------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 06 Bisque steaks, 14 and 16 inch_____________________________________ __ . 05 Bisque steaks, 18-inch------------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 08 Chambers, common height, quarts regular and 3-pint________________ __ . 05 Claming brick___________________________________________________ __ . 02 Combinets, single------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 05 Combinet pail and sagger made off an 8-inch bisque drum___________ __ .05 Crown circle_____________________________________________________ 1. 00 Cups, round or oval_____________________________________________ ___ . 04 Draw through sagger, common____________________________________ __ . 06 Door lining______________________________________________________ __ .05 Ewers___________________________________________________________ __ . 05J4 Gill flippers and score cups________________________________________ __ . 05 Glost hilliers_____________________________________________________ __ . 05 Jugs-------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------. 05 Slops, pails and combinets made off a slop-jar drum_________________ __ . 0534 Washbowls, ordinary----------------------------- -------------------------------------------. 05 Washbowls, over 62 inches in circumference________________________ __ #06 Washbowls, 65 inches or over in circumference______________________ __ . 09 Saggers— Glost Banjos, single____________________________________________________ __ . 10 Banjos, double_________ 1------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 13 Covered dishes___________________________________________________ __ . 13 1 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. 3* As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 64. 134 the pottery in d u s t r y Each Jardinieres, double_______________________________________________ $0. 10 Oval steaks, 9’s__________________________________________________ . 10 Oval steaks, 10’s_________________________________________________ . 10 Oval steaks, 12's_________________________________________________ . 10 Oval steaks, 14’s_________________ _— -----------------------------------------. 10 Oval steaks, 16's_________________________________________________ . 10 Oval steaks, 18’s_________________________________________________ . 13 . 08 Oval deckers, punched, or with props_____________________________ _ Plates, 8-inch____________________________________________________ .08 Single banjo covers_______________________________________________ . 10 Single round covers_______________________________________________ . 08 Washbowl ringers________________________________________________ . 08 Washbowls______________________________________________________ . 08 Yolks, double____________________________________________________ . 13 Single jardinieres_____________________________________ i --------------. 07 All pin saggers shall be stripped outside punch holes when the firm so desires. Where sagger machine is installed a competent journeyman sagger maker shall be given the preference to operate such machine. All helpers on the machine shall be selected by the firm. Sagger makers working on sagger machine, 7 6 81 cents per hour. The sagger maker's helper shall serve three years' apprenticeship. The firm shall pay his wages for the first two weeks and he shall remain in the employ of the firm until he finishes his trade. The firm shall assume charge of preparing all clay. Before accepting the prepared clay the sagger maker must pass upon the work, after which he can make no complaint that the work of mixing and pugging was not properly done. STICKING-UP AND FINISHING Add 51 ’ * per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Butters, plate bottom, three pieces--------------------------------------------------$0. 16 Extra covers_____________________________________________________ . 10 Extra bottoms___________________________________________________ . 03 Extra drainers-----------------------------------------------------------------------------. 03 Butters, round, ordinary, three pieces--------------------------------------------.20 Butters, cable, three pieces------------------------------------------------------------. 22 Casseroles, 8-inch-------------------------------------------------------------------------. 40 Casseroles, 9-inch-------------------------------------------------------------------------. 45 Casseroles, 10-inch-----------------------------------------------------------------------. 50 Chambers, toilet, 9’s______________________________________________ . 30 Chambers, cable, 12’s_____________________________________________ . 25 Chambers, cable, 9’s______________________________________________ . 25 Chambers, cable, 6’s______________________________________________ . 30 Combinets_______________________________________________________ .50 . 25 Cospadores, unhandled and uncovered_____________________________ Cospadores, handled and uncovered________________________________ . 50 Creams, individual, block_________________________________________ . 06 Creams, toy---------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 10 Ewers___________________________________________________________ .30 Ewers, mouth____________________________________________________ . 18 Graham egg cups (Laughlin China Co.), sticking-up complete________ . 15 Jugs, 48’s________________________________________________________ . 14 Jugs, 42’s-------------------------------- ------- -------------------------------------------. 15 Jugs, 36’s________________________________________________________ . 15 Jugs, 30's---------------------------------- ------- -----------------------------------------. 17 Jugs, 24’s________________________________________________________ . 17 Jugs, 12’s___________________________________________________________ 19 Jugs, 6’s_________________________________________________________ .24 Jugs, hallboys, 30’s_______________________________________________ . 17 Jugs, hallboys, 24’s______________________________ ________________ . 17 Jugs, hallboys, 12’s__________________ _____________________________ . 19 11 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 75. * As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87. APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 135 Per dozen Mugs, toilet____________________________________ _________________ Pails____________________________________________ — ------------------Punch bowls, 7-inch---------------------------------------------- ----------------------Punch bowls, 8-inch----------------------------------------------------------------------Punch bowls, 9-inch----------------------------------------------------------------------Punch bowls, 10-inch--------------------------------------------------------------------Slop jars------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------Soaps, two pieces-------------------------------------------------------------------------Soaps, three pieces_______________________________________________ Spittoons, two pieces_____________________________________________ Spittoons, high parlor--------------------------- _--------------------------------------Spittoons, low pari or______________________________________________ Spoon holders, unhandled--------------------------------------------------------------Spoon holders, two handles________________________________________ Sugars, individual, round, complete________________________________ Sugars, ordinary_________________________________________________ Sugars, toy______________________________________________________ Tea pots, ordinary________________________________________________ Tea pots, toy_____________- ------------ ---------------------------------------------Vases, toilet______________________________________________________ $0. 12 .65 . 21 . 22 . 25 .25 . 85 . 16 . 20 . 20 . 15 . 11 . 08 .20 .06 . 25 . 20 . 43 . 25 . 09 I t i s a g r e e d th a t th e b a s e p r i c e o n s t i c k i n g - u p f r o m th e ji g g e r o f a ll s iz e s b e r s , e w e r s , a n d j u g s s h a l l b e i n c r e a s e d 1 0 p e r c e n t . iZ o f ch am TURNING Add 4 1 3 per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Bowls, oyster, 42’s, out of mold, thick and thin______________________ $0. 07 Bowls, oyster, 36’s, out of mold, thick and thin______________________ . 073^ Bowls, oyster, 30’s, out of mold, thick and thin_____________________ . 08J^ Bowls, oyster, 24’s, out of mold, thick and thin_____________________ . 0 9^ Bowls, oyster, 36’s, extra thin-------------------------------------------------------. 09 Bowls, oyster, 30’s, extra thin-------------------------------------------------------. 10J^ Bowls, oyster, 24’s, extra thin--------------------------------------------------------•11J^ Bowls, oyster, 36’s, off of block------------------------------------------------ -— . 08 Bowls, oyster, 30’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 09 Bowls, oyster, 24’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 103^ Bowls, figured, 42’s, out of mold-------------------------------------------------- __ . 05 Bowls, figured, 36’s, out of mold----------------------------------------------------. 05 Bowls, figured, 30’s, out of mold----------------------------------------------------. 05J^ Bowls, figured, 24’s, out of mold----------------------------------------------------. 06 Bowls, W. G., 42’s, out of mold-----------------------------------------------------. 05 Bowls, W. G., 36’s, out of mold----- ------- ----------------------------------------. 05 Bowls, W. G., 30’s, out of mold-----------------------------------------------------. Bowls, W. G., 24’s, out of mold-----------------------------------------------------. 06 Bowls, W. G., 42’s, off of block---------------------------------------- -------------. 06 Bowls, W. G., 36’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 06 Bowls, W. G., 30’s, off of block------------------------------------------------------. 06HJ Bowls, W. G., 24’s, off of block____________________________________ . 07 Brush vases______________________________________________________ . 12 Chambers, 6 ’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------. 19 Chambers, 9 ’s, turned------------------------------------------------------------------. 17 Chambers, 12’s, turned___________________________________________ . 14 Coffees, St. Denis, topping and polishing-----------------------------------------. 02J^ Coffees, St. Denis, turning complete________________________________ . 03 Teas, tulip, same prices as St. Denis coffee. Cups, coffee, single thick---------- ------- ---------------------------------------------. 03 Cups, coffee, half thick____________________________________________ .04 Cups, coffee, double thick-------------------------------------------------------- -— . 0 4^ Cups, coffee, thin____________________________________ ____________ . 04 Cups, coffee, extra thin___________________________________________ . 04 Cups, coffee, A. D., single thick____________________________________ . 03J^ 3As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. « Added to 1920 agreement Oct. 1, 1924. 136 the pottery in d u s t r y Per dozen Cups, coffee, A. D., half thick_____________________________________ $0. 03J4 Cups, coffee, A. D., double thick___________________________________ __ . 04J4 Cups, coffee, Minton, half thick______________________________________ . 0434 Cups, jumbo_____________________________________________________ __ . 0534 Cups, tea, single thick____________________________________________ __ . 03 Cups, tea, half thick______________________________________________ __ . 0334 Cups, tea, double thick___________________________________________ __ . 04 Cups, tea, thin_____________________________________ :------------------------. 0334 Cups, tea, extra thin________________________________________________ .04 Cups, tea, Minton, half thick______________________________________ __ . 04 Cups, toy, single thick_________________________________________ _____ . 03 Cups, toy, thin____________________________________________________ . 0334 Topped, bottom turned, side sponged or burnished; or turning complete, without cutting out foot: Thin or fancy teacups____________________________________________ __ .03 Thin or fancy coffee cups__________________________________________ __ . 03J4 Thin or fancy bowls, 30’s______ '____________________________________ . 04% Thin or fancy bowls, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 0434 Topped and polished only or topped and sponged only: Thin or fancy teacups______________________ _____________________ __ . 02J^ Thin or fancy coffee cups_________________________________________ __ .03 Thin or fancy bowls, 30’s_________________________________________ __ . 04J^ Thin or fancy bowls, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 03 Prices for any special method of turning not covered by above definitions shall be settled on merit. Cospadores, l ’s _________________________________________________ __ .30 Cospadores, 2 ’s _________________________________________________ __ .25 Custards, ordinary_______________________________: ----------------------- ----. 08 Custards, extra thin______________________________________________ __ .09 Egg cups, double, made solid______________________________________ __ . 12 Egg cups, double, extra thin_________________________________________ . 10 Egg cups, single, out of mold______________________________________ __ . 06 Egg cups, single, made solid_______________________________________ __ . 10 Match safes, l ’s__________________________________________________ __ . 12 Match safes, 2’s__________________________________________________ __ . 11 Match safes, 3’s__________________________________________________ __ . 10 Mugs, cable, 42’s_________________________________________________ __ . 07 Mugs, cable, 36’s _________________________________________ _______ __ .08 Mugs, cable, 30’s ________________________________________________ __ . 0834 Mugs, cable, 24’s ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------ ----. 0934 Mugs, Florence or coffee---------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 08 Mustards, bodies_________________________________________________ __ . 10 Mustards, covers_________________________________________________ __ . 06 Spitting cups, cuspidor shape______________________________________ __ . 16 Spoon holders____________________________________________________ __ . 25 Sugars, round bodies, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 05J4 Sugars, round bodies, 30’s-------------------------------- ----------------------------------. 06 Sugars, round bodies, 24’s-------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 0634 Sugars, round covers, 36’s_________________________________________ __ . 06 Sugars, round covers, 30’s_________________________________________ __ . 0634 Sugars, round covers, 24’s_________________________________________ __ . 07 Sugars, round, individual, complete------------------------------------------------ ----. 18 Teapots and sugars, toy, bodies______________________________________ . 12 Teapots, and sugars, toy, covers___________________________________ __ . 06 Teas, St. Denis, topping and polishing_____________________________ __ .02 Teas, St. Denis, turning complete__________________ : ______________ __ . 0334 The minimum price for turning complete with exception of the bottom, shall be as follows: Baltimore teas___________________________________________________ __ . 0234 St. Denis and similar teas_________________________________________ __ . 0234 St. Denis and similar coffees_____________________________ _________ __ . 03 Thick, thin and extra thin are defined and understood as follows: Extra thin to be specially thin, and general tea cups for dinner sets ordinarily made to not come under this classification, but are considered thin. All disputes over the thickness of half thick cups for turning shall be referred to the standing committee. APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 137 T u r n in g — A p p r e n t ic e s ’ S c a l e First six months, 33M per cent. Second six months, 25 per cent. Third six months, 20 per cent. Fourth six months, 15 per cent. Third year, 10 per cent. Any manufacturer who employs one or more journeymen turners may employ one apprentice turner; a second apprentice may be engaged where four journey men are employed, and one additional apprentice may be put on for each three additional journeymen. When a manufacturer with the full quota of apprentices desires an additional turner, and is unable to obtain a competent journeyman after application to the secretary of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters, he is at liberty to put on an extra apprentice beyond the established ratio. Every apprentice turner during the last eighteen months of his apprenticeship shall be given the opportunity to turn all articles on the turning list made in that shop. No turner after having served his full term of apprenticeship shall be dis charged to make room for an apprentice. WAREHOUSEMEN’S SCALE First year, $ 3 . 8 5 per day of 9 hours.38 Second year $ 4 . 2 0 46 per day of 9 hours. Third year, $ 4 - 4 5 47 per day of 9 hours. After third year, journeyman rate $ 5 . 2 5 48per day of 9 hours. Workman must qualify as a warehouseman before he is entitled to draw the wages specified for the third year and afterwards. Above scale to apply to male employees over 18 years of age. Nine hours shall constitute a day’s work for all time excepting pay Saturday, which shall be 8 hours. No journeyman warehouseman shall be laid off to make room for a beginner. WAREHOUSE WOMEN AND DIPPERS’ HELPERS That existing contracts may be continued when mutually agreed upon by the employer and a majority of the women employed in the department concerned, with the understanding that ware dressers shall be paid at the rate of $ 2 . 5 0 49 p e r day when working on hollow ware, and at the prevailing piece-rate price when dressing plates, soups, coupe soups, saucers, fruits, and similar ware. When a crew under contract on day wage may be short one or more of its nor mal quota of members and the ‘ 1short crew” be called upon to handle the same volume of work as a full crew, then the wages that would have accrued to the absent member or members shall be divided pro rata among those members of such crew as performed the extra labor. When glost warehouse girls are required to scour ware of any kind, or put away or carry out ware, it shall be done at day wage. Glost drawers, women, $ 1 . 8 5 50 per kiln. Bisque drawers, women, $ 1 . 9 0 51 per kiln. W a r e h o u s e W o m e n a n d D ip p e r s ’ H e l p e r s Bisque brushers, $ 2 . 5 0 . 49 Stampers, $ 2 . 5 0 . 49 Dippers’ helpers, $ 2 .6 6 .* * Above for a 9-hour day with one-half hour for lunch. Dippers’ helpers shall work on dippers’ time with addition of time necessary to clean up dipping room. Women who gather part time for dippers shall work on bisque brushers’ time. 38As amended January, As amended January, *7As amended January, <8As amended January, <8As amended January, 80As amended January, S1As amended January, 43As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads “ prevailing price for unskilled labor.” 1923; 1920 agreement reads $4.84. 1923; 1920 agreement reads $5.14. 1923; 1920 agreement reads $6.05. 1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.90. 1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.15. 1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.20. 1923; 1920 agreement reads $3.08. 138 the pottery in d u s t r y It is recommended that a committee be appointed to endeavor to work out a plan for paying the woman kiln drawers on the cubic-foot basis, figures on the present wage scale.9 Ware wrappers, $ 2 . 5 0 49 per 9-hour day. Ware dressers, $ 2 . 5 0 49 per 9-hour day. Glost dressers’ contract to be arranged between firm and contractor. A “ drawing crew” shall consist of not less than four girls. When less than this number is available the wages that would have accrued to the missing mem bers of such crew shall be shared pro rata with the members doing such extra work. Drawing girls shall not dress ware during the process of drawing kiln. Brushing by hand: Where there are employed three brushing girls to each dipper, if two girls are required to do the work of three at any time, they shall divide the wages that would have accrued to the third girl. Brushing girls shall not be required to carry ware to the dipper nor carry out broken ware. Dippers’ assistants: Three girls shall be apportioned to two dippers. If two girls may be called upon to do the work of three, they shall divide the wages of the third girl. DECORATING KILN WORK S ep tem ber, 1920, rate less 13% per cent.** All decorating kiln placers and decorating kiln firemen shall receive their wages direct from the office in separate envelopes. Where the contract system is in effect, the boss kiln man shall turn into the office time and pay of each man working for him. Decorating kiln placers may demand an agreement with the individual firm by whom they are employed, establishing a starting time to govern that firm only, and where such an agreement exists the workmen may not be compelled to start at an earlier hour than said agreement specifies. No decorating kiln placer shall be laid off to permit the making of extra time by the remaining members of the crew. No experienced decorating kiln man shall be laid off to make room for a beginner. Where the firm requires the use of spurs in placing decorating kilns the men and the firm shall endeavor to arrive at a satisfactory price for such work. In case no agreement is reached the matter shall be referred to the standing commit tee for adjustment. DECORATORS Add 5 per cent to wages paid prior to September 15, 1920* RULES NINE-HOUR CLAUSE Nine hours shall constitute a day for all day wage workers excepting engineers, engineers’ helpers, kiln firemen, watchmen, odd men, and such others as must from necessity work longer hours. Eight hours shall constitute a day’s work on pay Saturday. Lunch time shall be abolished for all day wage workers. Since the time of dippers’ helpers must be regulated by the time of the dippers who, as a rule, work by the piece, the dippers’ helpers shall not be treated as day wage workers under this clause. RULES GOVERNING APPRENTICES AGREED TO BY COMMITTEES REPRESENTING UNITED STATES POTTERS’ ASSOCIATION AND THE NATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF OPERATIVE POTTERS R u l e 1. Apprentices shall serve their apprenticeship under the wages and con ditions specified in the wage agreements existing between the United States Pot ters’ Association and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters. * Added to 1920 agreement Jan. 1,1923. 49As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $2.90. 56 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads: ‘ ‘ Add 5 per cent to wages paid prior to Sept. 15, 1920.” APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 139 R u l e 2. An apprentice shall complete his apprenticeship under the firm with whom he started unless excused by them for valid reasons and any time lost by said apprentice on his own account, such as loss of time shall be made up to the firm, providing it amounts to 30 days or more. R u l e 3. When an apprentice is leaving their employ, for any reason, the firm shall give him discharge papers, and shall state, on same, the reasons of his dis charge, together with the discount at which he was working. R u l e 4. Should any apprentice lose his position through no fault of his own, such, for instance, as a firm discontinuing business or having no further work for such apprentice, he shall be allowed to accept a position in any pottery where a vacancy might occur even though the full ratio of apprentices is already employed. And he shall be permitted to work at such pottery until he can be located in a position as apprentice. Such time shall count on his apprenticeship, providing he has his discharge papers approved by firm discontinuing his services. R u l e 5. An apprentice discharged for neglect of work or other misbehavior shall not be permitted to work at the trade again until he finds a vacancy for an apprentice, and shall serve his full time, not counting the time he may be out of employment through the above discharge. R u l e 6. If an apprentice leaves the firm which employs him and attempts to pass off as journeyman, or as an apprei^tice of less discount than his time calls for, he shall be compelled to return and finish his apprenticeship under the firm with whom he started, unless the standing committee orders otherwise. R u l e 7. In case of strike or lockout the provision of this agreement shall stand suspended until the termination of such strike or lockout, and any time that may be lost by said apprentice shall be fully made up by him. R u l e 8. Any breach or violation of an apprentice's contract, either on the part of the firm or the apprentice, shall be a subject for action by the standing com mittee. Where an extra apprentice is allowed to start in any branch of the trade and it is not necessary for a journeyman to make any sacrifice in teaching him, the oldest apprentice in that branch shall be paid at the journeyman rate for the balance of his apprenticeship period. If at any time the adding of new apprentices in any branch of the trade works an apparent hardship to the workmen already employed therein, any petition from the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters setting forth such condition shall be given proper consideration by the United States Potters’ Association. If at any time it is found impossible to secure competent journeyman work men in any branch of the trade, any petition from the United States Potters’ Association setting forth such condition shall be given proper consideration by the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters. In calculating the ratio of apprentices in any branch of the trade all potteries under one management or ownership in any one city must be considered as one •pottery; but where potteries under one management are located in different cities they shall be considered separately. EXCESSIVE LOSS Manufacturers shall use due diligence to prevent loss from green ware cracking on molds, and wherever excessive loss occurs and it appears that the manufac turer refuses to make necessary investigation and take immediate steps to correct such trouble, it shall be a proper matter for adjustment by the standing com mittee. STANDING COMMITTEE The standing committee, east and west, shall be appointed as heretofore, to adjust matters that can not be settled between the firm and employee. The standing committee shall meet at stated intervals of 30 days, and all work in dispute shall be continued pending, and subject to the decision of the standing committee. If at any time the members of the standing committee are unable to agree as to the merits of any case or proposition pending before them, they shall select a seventh or disinterested man who shall have a vote on the merits of the case or proposition on which they have been unable to agree, and the result of the vote shall be accepted and the decision rendered as coming from the standing com mittee as a whole. The members of the standing committee may according to their own judgment, resort to secret ballot in rendering their decision. Disputes referred to the standing committee and not settled within 90 days shall be referred back to the parties interested. 140 the pottery in d u s t r y No settlement shall be regarded final or binding unless reported to the standing committee. Such report shall state the price and properly describe the article, together with the names of the firm and the individual making the settlement, and these particulars shall be recorded by the standing committee. TIME CLOCK The National Brotherhood of Operative Potters recognizes the right of the manufacturer to require that all day wage employees shall register time of beginning and quitting work on time clock or other time-recording device, and of paying according to this record. THE SQUARE DEAL CLAUSE In the interpretation and application of the wage agreement and uniform scale, both sides shall recognize the intent to establish a fair day’s wage for a fair day's work; they shall not insist upon technicalities where the opposite intent is clear, and when points arise not elearly and literally covered by the list, they shall be decided upon merit, and shall not be governed by what the wage scale may specify for something similar. When any material change from that con templated by the uniform scale is made in the method of doing any particular work, or of making any particular article, rendering such work more difficult or more simple full allowance shall be made for said change either by an increase or a decrease in the price, as the case may be. An earnest effort shall be made to avoid the small and insignificant differences which result in an attempt to take advantage of some clause which may not have been just clearly worded to show what was the intent and understanding of the conference. The absence of taking advantage of technicalities or some action or error of an employee or firm will tend to the true spirit of cooperation on which our agreements were originally and always have been based, and petty acts by repre sentatives of either side should be frowned upon. It is agreed that no price or condition shall be considered settled by reason of the fact that it has been agreed upon by a firm not a member of the United States Potters’ Association or by a workman not a member of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters. PENALTY FOR VIOLATION OF AGREEMENT In view of the fact that the committees representing the United States Potters’ Association and the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters are both empow ered with full and final authority to act for their respective organizations in the formation of this agreement, it shall be considered that the individual members of both are parties to this contract, and should any individual member of either refuse to accept any condition herein, or should anyone withdraw from his organi zation by reason of his dissatisfaction with the terms hereof, such act shall be considered a violation of contract upon the part of that individual, and shall cancel his right to demand that he shall participate in the benefits and privileges of this wage agreement, and his right to demand that he shall employ or be employed at the rates and under the conditions specified. Both parties to this agreement, through their duly authorized representatives of the conference committee, pledge themselves to use every honorable means to enforce the acceptance and observance of this agreement by all parties affected; to discourage any opposition on the part of individuals and to favor in every reasonable way those employers and employees who faithfully and honorably abide by this contract in all its provisions. In case any question arises which can not be settled between an employer and his employees, or representatives of his employees, as to the correct inter pretation of any clause, feature, or provision of the wage agreement, the point shall be first referred to the proper national officer of the brotherhood, and in case he and the firm can not agree, then the question shall be referred to the standing committee. No local shall assume to settle upon its own authority disputes or points of disagreement between its members and their employers, but locals may, of course, carry such matters up to their national officers, who in turn may submit them to the standing committee, or to the labor committee, if they otherwise can not adjust amicably. The intent of the foregoing resolution is to express what has always been under stood, and necessarily so, that questions in dispute that can not be settled be tween individual firms and their workmen can only be settled by the proper representatives or committees of the two national bodies. APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 141 Any attempt to ignore this understanding shall be considered an explicit violation of the wage agreement, and shall cancel the right of the offending local to participate in the rights, privileges, and wages of said agreement. GENERAL RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS Manufacturers are requested when work is short to instruct foremen to divide work as equally as possible, and not to prefer some men over others in the dis tribution. No workman shall be charged for losses for which he is not responsible. It shall be left optional with individual firms whether they shall pay at noon on pay day, and whether they shall observe a Saturday half holiday. Adequate closets shall be provided separately for male and female employees, and they shall be kept in sanitary condition. If due consideration is not given to the health of the men, the shop committee may take the matter up with the firm and if they fail to reach an understanding the question may then be referred to the standing committee for adjustment. Double time shall be allowed for all labor required to be done on Christmas, July 4, and Labor Day, except to firemen, odd men, and to others whose labor is necessary to maintain the orderly running of the plant, and for the proper pro tection of plant and property. It is recommended that heat be provided in all those departments where work men are now exposed to excessive cold. When prior to the expiration of a wage agreement the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters desires to propose amendments to be embodied in the new agreement, such amendments shall be submitted to the United States Potters’ Association as nearly as may be feasible, 60 days prior to the meeting of the joint conference committee, and the United States Potters’ Association shall submit its amendments as nearly as may be possible 30 days in advance of said meeting. During the experimental stage of any new process of manufacture, the firm shall have the cooperation of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters. If no temporary piecework price for such experimental work can be agreed upon, the workman shall be paid on a day-wage basis at an hourly rate which shall be the average hourly and day wage which said workman has received for the six weeks previous to the beginning of the experimental work, with the understand ing that no journeyman clay worker shall be paid less than 6 7 41 cents net per hour, when working day wage at clay-ware making. All piecework prices shall be properly recorded by the various superintendents and foremen, to the end that any employee may promptly ascertain the piece work price of any item or work that that particular employee may be engaged on. Any firm a member of the United States Potters’ Association may if they desire place the union label on their product, providing that all workmen in branches covered by the agreement are members of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters in good standing. Some system of counting shall be adopted by the manufacturers, so that the finishers as well as the jigger men may know just what their count amounts to each day. No workman shall be discharged or discriminated against for refusing to work on Sunday in those departments where it is not customary to work regularly on Sundays. It is agreed that the firm shall assume the expense of sweeping the shops; sweeping to be done at times when most convenient, with due consideration being given to the welfare of the employees. DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES Employees are to give their fullest cooperation in an effort to keep their places of employment clean and sanitary, by keeping their tools and benches clean; that pieces of clay, clay scraps, broken ware, or any refuse of any kind, dropped on the floor accidentally, shall be picked up by the workman responsible, at the time the accident occurs, and put in the cutting box, in the green room in the scrap box, or other receptacle provided for that purpose. Ware accidentally broken in stove rooms, stilliards, or green room shall be picked up by the workman responsible, at the time the accident occurs. 41 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 87. 86315°—26------10 142 the pottery in d u s t r y Each workman shall empty his cutting or scrap box into the chute before it overflows, and see to it that all clay scraps are placed in the chute, not thrown at it. Workmen can better the health conditions in their shop by a little cooperation in seeing that each other strictly obeys these rules. While it is understood that workmen are not expected to take a broom and sweep out from underneath their benches into the aisles, yet it is also most thor oughly understood that they must not let any clay scraps or refuse of any kind gather under or around their places of work. The sweeper is expected to brush from underneath their places only the ordinary dust that will collect and not refuse that the workman through carelessness permits to collect. DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS The firm shall assume the expense of sweeping the shops; sweeping to be done at times when most convenient, with due consideration being given to the wel fare of the employees. The firm shall also assume the expense of sweeping stove rooms, under stilliards, and under benches; such sweeping is not to be considered part of the regular sweeping, but it is to be done periodically as necessity requires. No part of the above shall be understood as canceling the present arrange ments for cleaning and sweeping in the dipping and ware rooms. Casters’ drippings: Where casters are required to drain their molds after “ dumping out” the slip, the firm shall provide means for preventing the drip pings running onto the floor. To properly meet this condition we would recommend that a shelf be built under the pouring bench, running the full length and width of the bench, to prevent the slip from dropping to the floor. The firm shall provide a scraper so that the caster can remove the drippings as often as necessary to keep his place looking clean. If no such means are provided and the drippings are allowed to run onto the floor, the firm shall remove such drippings at their own expense. All manufacturers are requested that before the beginning of cold weather, they have all openings around window frames plastered up, that windows be repaired, and where necessary storm windows be installed; that at least two pot stoves be installed for each kiln crew where other means of heating are not available, and that all roofs and floors be kept in good condition. DISCHARGE AGREEMENT That the brotherhood shall have printed a sufficient supply of two weeks’ “ Notice of resignation” blanks, to be distributed so as to be available by the workmen in all factories when required. That the manufacturers shall have printed and distributed a sufficient quantity of two weeks’ “ Notice of discharge” blanks, also a sufficient quantity of “ Dis charge” blanks. That any workman may resign his position by filing in writing with the proper representative of his firm a notice of resignation and by working out the full two weeks, but he must actually work for said two weeks and not loaf without reasonable excuse, unless otherwise mutually satisfactory to both workman and employer. If these conditions have been fulfilled, the said workman shall re ceive at the end of two weeks a discharge signed by his employer or proper representative. That any employer may discharge any workman by serving said workman with a two weeks’ notice of discharge and by giving said workman his usual employment during those two weeks and a discharge at the end of that period. That the workman may resign without notice and demand a discharge in case he has been subjected to unfair or abusive treatment by his employer, or in case his employer has violated any provision of the wage agreement in dealing with that particular workman. In case the employer refuses to grant the dis charge, the workman may appeal to the discharge committee hereinafter provided for. The said workman may use his own option as to continuing in his employment pending the action of the discharge committee upon his appeal. Then, should the discharge committee determine that the workman was justified in demanding his immediate discharge, said workman shall receive from his employer his wages in full, immediately, up to the termination of his employment. That in case of misbehavior or incompetence bn the part of the workman, the employer may discharge immediately, and without notice, but the employer in that case shall give to the discharged workman a discharge paper in which shall APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 143 be stated the reasons for the discharge. Any workman thus discharged without notice, who believes the reason stated not fair or sufficient, may appeal to the discharge committee, and in case that committee determines that the employer is in error, the workman shall be reinstated in his old position and shall be reim bursed for the time lost in excess of three (3) days by reason of the wrongful discharge. That any of the following shall be considered just grounds for immediate discharge without notice: Intemperance to the extent of interfering with steady and competent work manship. Dishonesty to his employer. Gross carelessness. Willful destruction of property. Persistent use of profane or abusive language in the workshop, after fair warning. Refusal to obey reasonable orders or rules which do not conflict with the wage agreement or established custom. Disregard for reasonable rules for the preservation of health and cleanliness. Incompetence established to the satisfaction of a committee of fellow work men in the same shop. Willful absence from duty without permission or a reasonable excuse, subject to two weeks* notice for first offense and immediate discharge for second offense within the two weeks. Violation of wage agreement after notice. Indecency or any display of immorality in the workshop. No workman or employee of any party to this agreement on or after the date this instrument becomes effective shall be employed by any other party to the agreement without presenting and surrendering a discharge from his latest em ployer in the potteries. That any workman who refuses to work for a long or short period because of a complaint of another workman shall be considered as guilty of willful absence from duty without permission or a reasonable excuse, and shall be treated in the manner provided for that offense. That the term “ workman” wherever used herein shall be understood to apply to all employees, whether male or female. That this discharge agreement shall govern all employees, whether members of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters or not; that it shall also govern all those employed in any capacity, whether paid direct from the office or through some other employee. That the provisions of this agreement shall be liberally and fairly interpreted in such a manner as not to work an undue hardship upon any of the parties thereto. That to aid in the operation and correct interpretation of this agreement, two discharge committees of two members on each side shall be appointed, one committee for Trenton and one for East Liverpool, with jurisdiction over sur rounding territory. Said committee shall include the secretary of the associa tion and secretary of the brotherhood as one member on either side at East Liverpool, and it shall include the secretary of the Trenton association and first vice president of the brotherhood as one member on either side at Trenton, the additional members to be appointed by the proper authorities. If at any time during the life of this agreement either party thereto shall become convinced that any unfair advantage is being taken of any of the provisions thereof, it is agreed that upon five (5) days’ notice the opposite party will appoint rep resentatives to meet in conference with the representatives of the complaining party, with authority to amend this agreement if, in the judgment of such joint conference, it is necessary and desirable to do so in order to correct actual abuse. The provisions of this agreement shall apply to odd men and kiln drawers who are recognized as having steady employment at one shop, but they shall be waived in the case of irregular or floating workmen of this class, who are necessary to supply the demand for irregular and fill-in jobs. LABOR SHORTAGE There shall be joint committees of manufacturers and operatives appointed in the cities of East Liverpool, Sebring, and Trenton with power to adjust all ques tions pertaining to a shortage of labor in their districts. In case any firm is unable to secure the journeymen necessary for any department they shall make 144 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY application for relief to the committee of their district, who shall investigate such claim, and upon proof that the firm has made an honest effort to secure journeymen, and in their judgment the circumstances warrant it, they may permit such firm the privilege to start either women or extra apprentices. Where it becomes necessary to permit women to work in the place of men, they shall be paid at the journeyman rate if competent to do such work and be allowed to continue in such positions until men returning from the war are available. That during the period of the war all workmen are urged to help with the work in any department where workmen are scarce, so that everyone may be kept steadily employed, and no department thrown out of work temporarily for want of cooperation by any other department that might at that time be better sup plied with help. No workman shall suffer any loss in wages as a result of his helping out in some other department. If as a result of the war there should be a shortage of labor in the pottery in dustry, there will be no opposition on the part of the National Brotherhood of Operative Potters, when necessity requires it, to the employment of women in any department where they are physically competent to do the work; to foreign white labor who can speak English or the starting of extra apprentices to make up such shortage of labor. SIZE LIST ALLOWANCE FOR VARIATION N ote 1.— Any article measuring one-half size or more larger than the “ correct size” as specified in this list will take the price of the next larger size. Any article measuring less than one-half size larger than the “ correct size” will take the price of the “ correct size.” This rule will apply only to those items as noted in the following list: N ote 2.— The same variation is granted on the largest size of any item, that is granted on the next smaller size. N ote 3.—It is understood that the average glost size is to govern in setting priceis. Correct size Bakers, 2J^-inch______________________ ______________ 5 inches long. Bakers, 3-inch_______________________________________ 5 ^ inches long. Bakers, 4-inch_______________________________________ 6 inches long. Bakers, 5-inch_______________________________________ 7 inches long. Bakers, 6-inch_______________________________________ 8 inches long. Bakers, 7-inch_____________________________________9 inches long. Bakers, 8-inch_______________________________________ 10 inches long. Bakers, 9-inch_______________________________________ 10'% inches long. Bakers, 10-inch_____________________________________ _ 1 1 % inches long. See note 1 for allowance for variation on bakers. Correct size Basins, plain edge, 9’s________________________________ 1 4 inches diameter. Basins, plain edge, 12’s_______________________________ 13^ inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on basins, plain edge. Correct size Basins, roll edge, 9’s_________________________________ Allowance for variation on roll-edge basins, inch. 15% inches diameter. Capacity Bowls, St. Denis, 24’s____ ____________________________ 2 pints. Bowls, St. Denis, 30’s________________________________ 1Y i pints. Bowls, St. Denis, 36’s________________________________ 1 pint. Bowls, oyster, 24’s___________________________________ 2 pints. Bowls, oyster, 30’s___________________________________ pints. Bowls, oyster, 36’s___________________________________ 1 pint. See note 1 for allowance for variation on bowls. Correct size Bowls, Bowls, Bowls, Bowls, Bowls, Bowls, Bowls, Bowls, punch, 7-inch_________________________________ 8 inches diameter. punch, 8-inch_________________________________ 9 inches diameter. punch, 9-inch_______s____^____________________ 10 inches diameter. punch, 10-inch___________________________ ____ 1 § % inches diameter. mixing, 4’s_____________ ______________________ 13J4 inches diameter. mixing, 6’s______________________ :__________.___12% inches diameter. mixing, 9’s__._____________ -___________________ 11 inches diameter. mixing, 12’s________ -_________________________ 10 inches diameter. APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 145 Correct size Bowls, mixing, 18’s__________________________________ 8 % inches diameter. Bowls, mixing, 24’s__________________________________ 7 inches diameter. Bowls, mixing, 30’s_____________________ _____________ 6J4 inches diameter. Bowls, mixing, 36’s___________________________ ________ 6 inches diameter. Bowls, mixing, 42’s__________________________________ 534 inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on punch bowls and mixing bowls. Correct size Bird baths, 24’s______________________________________5 % inches long. Bird baths, 30’s_____________________________________ 5 inches long. Bird baths, 36’s______________________________________4 % inches long. See note 1 for allowance for variation on bird baths. Correct size Individual butters___________________________________ 3 inches diameter. Allowance for variation on individual butter, inch. Correct size Bofie dishes________________ _________________________inches long. Allowance for variation on bone dishes, inch. Correct size Cake plates_________________________________________ Allowance for variation on cake plates, inch. 10 inches diameter. Correct size Coffee cups, St. Denis, regular, light weight 13-ounce, or_ _ 3 inches high. Coffee saucers, St. Denis, regular, light weight__________ 6J^ inches diameter. Coffee saucers, St. Denis, hotel________________________inches diameter. Coffee saucers, fancy_________________________________ inches diameter. Coffee saucers, after-dinner___________________________ 4% inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on St. Denis cups and all saucers. Fancy tea and coffee cups, pay according to catalogue size. Correct size Comports, 6-inch____________________________________ 7 inches diameter. Comports, 7-inch_____________ ______________________ 8 inches diameter. Comports, 8-inch____________________________________ 9 inches diameter. Comports, 9-inch____________________________________ 10 inches diameter. Comports, 10-inch___________________________________ 10J£ inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on comports. Correct size Celery trays_________________________________________ 12 inches long. Allowance for celery trays, }/% inch. Correct size Chambers, 6’s_______________________________________ 9J^ inches diameter. Chambers, 9’s______________________________________ _ inches diameter. Chambers, 12’s_____________ _________________________7J^ inches diameter. See Note 1 for allowance for variation on chambers. Correct size Covered dishes, 6-inch________________________________8J^ inches long. Covered dishes, 7-inch_______________________________ 9J^ inches long. Covered dishes, 8-inch____________________ :___________ 10 inches long. See note 1 for allowance for variation on covered dishes. Dimensions on covered dishes is the extreme length of body at longest point, not counting handles. Correct size Casseroles, 7-inch____________________________________ 8J4 inches diameter. Casseroles, 8-inch____________________________________ 9 inches diameter. Casseroles, 9-inch____________________________________ 9^2 inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on casseroles. Diameter measurement for casseroles to be taken at the widest point, not counting handles. Combinets, 9 inches height, 17 pint capacity. Allowance for variation on combinets, 1 pint. Capacity Cospadores, 2’s______________________________________ 20 pints. Cospadores, 3’s______________________________________ 17 pints. See note 1 for allowance for variation on cospadores. Capacity Creams, 30’s_________________________________________ 1 pint. Creams, 24’s_________________________________________ 1J^ pints. See note 1 for allowance for variation on creams. 146 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Correct size. Dishes, 2J^-incli_____________________________________ 6 inches. Dishes, 3-inch------------------------------------------------------------inches. Dishes, 4-inch_______________________________________ 734 inches. Dishes, 5-inch_______________________________________ 834 inches. Dishes, 6-inch_______________________________________ 9J4 inches. Dishes, 7-inch__________________________ !------------------ 1034 inches. Dishes, 8-inch_______________________________________ 1 1 M inches. Dishes, 9-inch_________________________________ ______1234 inches. Dishes, 10-inch______________________________________ 1334 inches. Dishes, 11-inch______________________________________ 1434 inches. Dishes, 12-inch______________________________________ 1534 inches. Dishes, 13-inch______________________________________ 1634 inches. Dishes, 14-inch______________________________________ 1734 inches. Dishes, 15-inch______________________________________ 1834 inches. Dishes, 16-inch______________________________________ 1934 inches. See note 1 for allowance for variation on dishes. Capacity Ewers, 9’s___________________________________________ 1034 pints. Ewers, 12’s__________________________________________ 8 pints. See note 1 for allowance for variation on ewers. Correct size Cable and hotel fruits, 4-inch_________________________ 5 inches diameter. Cable and hotel fruits, 434-inch_______________________ 5}^ inches diameter. Fancy fruits, 4-inch__________________________________ 5 inches diameter. Fancy fruits, 434-inch________________________________ 534 inches diameter. Fancy fruits, 5-inch__________________________________ 6 inches diameter. Fancy fruits, 5-inch__________________________________ 134 inches depth. See note 1 for allowance for variation on diameter of fruits. Allowance for variation on depth of fruits, 34 inch. Correct*size Ice creams, 234-inch_________________________________ 4 inches diameter. Ice creams, 3-inch____________________________________ 434 inches diameter. Ice creams, 334-inch________________________ _________ 4% inches diameter. Ice creams, 4-inch___________________________________ 5 inches diameter. Ice creams, 434-inch_________________________________ 534 inches diameter. Capacity Jugs, cable, 4’s______________________________________ 10 pints. Jugs, cable, 6’s______________________________________ 7 pints. Jugs, cable, 12’s_____________________________________ 534 pints. Jugs, cable, 24’s--------------------------------------------------------- 334 pints. Jugs, cable, 30’s_____________________________________ 2 pints. Jugs, cable, 36’s___________________ _________________ 134 pints. Jugs, cable, 42’s_____________________________________ 1 pint. Jugs, cable, 48’s — __________________________________ % pint. See note 1 for allowance for variation on cable jugs. DIMENSIONS FOR FANCY JUGS No increase will be allowed in holding capacity as listed below. In the height one-eighth inch increase will be allowed on the four smaller sizes, and one-fourth inch on the four larger sizes. Any jug exceeding this allowance in height will take the next larger size. Capacity Height Jugs, fancy, 4’s___________________________ 10 pints________9 % inches. Jugs, fancy, 6’s___________________________ 8 pints__________ 934 inches. Jugs, fancy, 12’s__________________________ pints____________ 834 inches. Jugs, fancy, 24’s---------------------------------------- 4 pints__________ 734 inches. Jugs, fancy, 30’s---------- ------------------------------ 234 pints-.......... 6J4 inches. Jugs, fancy, 36’s__________________________ 1 % pints_______6 inches. Jugs, fancy, 42’s__________________________ 1 pint_________ 5J^ inches. Jugs, fancy, 48’s__________________________ % pint__________5 inches. In measuring height of jugs, the height to snip will govern. Capacity Hallboy jugs, 24’s__________________________________ 3 pints. Hallboy jugs, 30’s___________________________________ 234 pints. See note 1 for allowance for variation on hallboy jugs. APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 147 Capacity Mugs, 42’s______________________ .___________________ 6 ounces. Mugs, 36’s__________________________________________ 8 ounces. Mugs, 30’s__________________________________________ 12 ounces. Mugs, 24’s__ _______________________________________ 14 ounces. See note 1 for allowance for variation on mugs. Correct size Cable nappies, 3-inch__________4J^ inches diameter____ Cable nappies, 4-inch__________6 inches diameter____ __ Cable nappies, 5-inch_________ inches diameter________ 1 % inches depth. Cable nappies, 6-inch__________7 ^ inches diameter____ 2J^ inches depth. Cable nappies, 7-inch__________8J^ inches diameter____ 2 % inches depth. Cable nappies, 8-inch._________inches diameter________ 3 inches depth. Cable nappies, 9-inch_________ 10 inches diameter_____ 334 inches d#pth. Cable nappies, 10-inch________ 11 inches diameter_____ inches depth. See note 1 for allowance for variation on cable nappies. Correct size Oyster nappies, 24's__________________________________6J^ inches diameter. Oyster nappies, 30’s________________________ _________ 5 % inches diameter. Oyster nappies, 36’s__________________________________5 inches diameter. Oyster nappies, 42’s___________________ ______________ 4J^ inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on oyster nappies. Correct size Oatmeals, 30’s________________ 6J^ inches diameter____ Oatmeals, 36*s________________ 6 inches diameter______ See note 1 for allowance for variation on oatmeals. 1% inches depth. Correct size Plates, 4-inch________________________________________ 6M inches diameter. Plates, 5-inch________________________________________734 inches diameter. Plates, 6-inch________________________________________ 8 % inches diameter. Plates, 7-inch________________________________________9 inches diameter. Plates, 8-inch________________________________________ 10 inches diameter. Plates, deep, 6-inch__________________________________ 834 inches diameter. Plates, deep, 7-inch__________________________________ 9 inches diameter. Plates, deep, 8-inch__________________________________ 10 inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on plates. Correct size Coupe soup, 6-inch____________7% inches diameter____ \ y% inches depth. Coupe soup, 7-inch____________834 inches diameter____ 134 inches depth. See note 1 for allowance for variation on coupe soups. Allowance for variation on coupe soups in depth, one-eighth inch. Correct size Pickles_____________________________________________ 9 inches. Allowance for variation on pickles, one-half inch. Correct size Soup tureens, 9’s_____________________________________ 11 inches long. Dimensions on soup tureens is the extreme length of body at longest point not counting handles. Correct size Soup tureen stands, 9’s_______________________________ 16 inches long. Teapots_____________________________________________ 2% pints. Allowance for variation on teapots, one-half pint. Capacity Teacups, St. Denis___________________________________ 10 ounces. Correct size Tea saucers, St. Denis________________________________ 6 inches diameter. Tea saucers, fancy___________________________________ 6 inches diameter. Capacity Teacups, Baltimore__________________________________ 7 ounces. Correct size Tea saucers, Baltimore__________ ______________ ______ 53^ inches diameter. See note 1 for allowance for variation on St. Denis cups and all saucers. Fancy tea and coffee cups pay according to catalogue size. 148 T H E POTTERY INDUSTRY WAGE SCALE FOR HOTEL CHINAw CASTING P r ic e s f o r C a s t in g V i t r e o u s H o t e l C h i n a w i t h P r e p a r e d ( D o pe ) Sl ip Add 41* per cent to the following prices: Unhan dled Bone dishes, single m old ________________________ Bone dishes, leaf mold - _______________________ Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, handle and snip stuck on___________ __ Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, snip cast on, handle stuck on__ ________ Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, snip and handle cast on_________ ___ Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, handle and snip stuck on______________ Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, snip cast on, handle stuck on___________ Chocolate pot, flat top, no verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, snip and handle cast on________ _______ Chocolate pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, handle and snip stuck on_______________________ Chocolate pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, snip cast on, handle stuck o n _______________ __ Chocolate pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, snip and handle cast on_______ ________________ Chocolate pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capac ity, handle and snip cast on____________ _______ Chocolate pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capac ity, snip cast on, handle stuck on________________ Chocolate pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capac ity, snip and handle cast on____________________ Coffee pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, handle and spout stuck on________________ _____ Coffee pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, ____________ spout cast on, handle stuck on _ Coffee pot, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, handle and spout cast on______________________ Coffee pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, handle and spout stuck on__ _____________ __ Coffee pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, spout cast on, handle stuck on________ ■_________ Coffee pot, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, handle and spout cast on__ _________________ __ Creams, individual or restaurant, solid block handle. _ _______________________ ____________ Creams, individual or restaurant, single or double snip_______________________________________ Creams, American, No. 1, small size_____________ Creams, American, No. 2, second size_____________ Creams, American, No. 3, third size______________ Creams, American, No. 4, fourth size_____________ Creams, Hub, No. 1, small size__________________ Creams, Hub, No. 2, second size_________________ Creams, Hub, No. 3, third size___________________ Creams, Saxon, No. 1, small size_________________ Creams, Saxon, No. 2, second size________________ Creams, Saxon, No. 3, third size________________ Creams, tankard. No. 1, small size_______________ * As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. 47 As revised Sept. 15, 1920, and with amendments down to 1925. Handle cast on Handle stuck on $0. 20 . 18 $ 1. 10 .95 $0. 90 .95 .80 .75 1. 25 1. 10 1. 05 1.10 .95 .90 1. 25 1. 10 1. 05 1. 10 .95 . 90 . 18 . 18 . 20 . 22 . 24 . 18 . 21 . 24 . 18 . 21 . 24 . 18 .22 .24 . 22 . 24 . 26 . 28 . 22 . 25 . 28 . 22 . 25 . 28 . 24 . 26 . 28 .30 .24 . 27 . 30 . 24 . 27 . 30 .24 .2 2 149 APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT P r i c e s f o r C a s t in g V i t r e o u s H o t e l C h i n a w i t h P r e p a r e d ( D o p e ) Sl i p — Continued Unhan dled Creams, tankard, No. 2, second size______________ Creams, Vienna, No. 2, small size________________ Creams, Vienna, No. 1, second s iz e ______________ Creams, Vienna, No. 0, third size________________ The Vienna No. 2’s creams shall be the limit in size, mold measurement, of casted individual or restaurant creams at 18 cents per dozen, un handled. The Vienna No. 0’s creams shall be the limit in size, mold measurement, of casted individual or restaurant creams at 20 cents per dozen, un handled. Creams, individual, up to and including 56’s_______ Creams, oval individual, up to and including 56’s with open handle_____________ _______________ Jugs, 54’s _____________________________________ Jugs, 48’s___________________ _________________ Jugs, 42’s _________ __________________________ Jugs, 36’s____________________________ _________ Jugs, 30’s_______________________ _____________ Jugs, 24’s __________________ ________________ Jugs, 12’s _____________________________________ Jugs, 6’s ___________________________ __________ Jugs, 4’s__ __ _ ________ __ _______________ Jugs, ice, plain handle, 12’s______________________ Jugs, ice, plain handle, 6’s ______ ;_______________ Jugs, ice, plain handle, 4,s__ __ ______________ __ Match stands, square dish and holder____________ Match stands, oval dish and holder______________ Match stands, round saucer and square holder____ Match stands, Georgia._ _ _ __________ _ _____ Handle cast on Handle stuck on $0. 18 . 18 . 20 . 20 $0. 22 . 22 . 24 . 24 $0. 24 . 24 . 26 . 26 . 18 .22 .24 . 24 . 28 . 32 . 38 . 43 •48 . 55 . 70 . 90 1. 05 . 80 1. 15 1. 35 .26 . 30 . 34 . 40 .45 . 50 . 55 . 70 . 90 1. 05 . 80 1. 15 1. 35 . 70 . 70 . 70 . 70 . 24 . 28 . 34 .39 . 44 M o ch a pots, w ith verge, 16 to 24 ou n ces ca p a city, handle and spout stuck on___________ _________ Mocha pots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, spout cast on, handle stuck on_______ __ __ __ Mocha pots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, spout and handle cast on____ ___ _________ Mocha pots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity handle and spout stuck on______ __________ ____ Mocha pots, with verge,less than 16 ounces capacity, spout cast on, handle stuck o n _ __ __ _ _____ Mocha pots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, handle and spout cast on_____________________ Molasses jugs, screw top, 24’s___________________ Molasses jugs, screw top, 30’s___________________ Molasses jugs, plain, hole in handle, 30's__________ Mugs, dairy, all styles and sizes.___ ___________ Mustard spoons, Belmont or Anderson___________ Pap boat, front spout__________________ :_________ Pickles, single mold_____________________________ Pickles, leaf mold _ _ _______________ _______ __ Sauce boats, cable, extra large (Government), foot cast o n __________________ ___________ _______ Sauce boats, large, foot cast on ______________ Sauce boats, medium, foot cast on_______________ Sauce boats, small, foot cast on________________ Sauce boats, home, No. 1, foot cast separate_____ Sauce boats, home, No. 2, foot cast separate______ 1. 25 1 10 1. 05 1. 10 .95 . 90 . 55 . 50 . 50 .28 . 55 . 50 . 50 .30 .35 .3 . 77 . 77 . 67 . 57 . 77 .67 . 80 . 80 . 70 . 60 . 80 .70 .25 . 32 .30 150 the pottery in d u s t r y P r ic e s f o r C a s t i n g V i t r e o u s H o t e l C h i n a w i t h P r e p a r e d ( D o p e ) S l ip — Continued Unhan dled Sauce boats, home, No. 3, foot cast separate______ Sauce boats, individual_________________________ Sauce boats, individual, solid handle_____________ Sauce boats, mayonnaise________________________ Sauce boats, Navy, large__________________ ______ Sauce boats, Navy, medium_____________________ Sauce boats, Navy, small_______________________ Sauce boats, Philadelphia, individual_____________ Sauceboats, Q. M. D., (Government)____________ Sauce boats, Rector, No. 1, foot cast separate_____ Sauce boats, Rector, No. 2, foot cast separate_____ Sauce boats, Rector, No. 3, foot cast separate_____ Sauce boats, sham, foot cast separate_____________ Sauce boats, U. S. Army, large__________________ Sick feeders, front spout________________________ Sick feeders, side spout_______________________ __ Soap, cable, three-piece________________________ Soap, round, loose drainer, no cover______________ Soap, round, fast drainer, cast in one piece, no cover Soap, round, fast drainer, two-piece, drainer stuck on, no cover_________________________________ Soap, square, loose drainer, covered_____________ Soap, square, loose drainer, no cover_________ ____ Soap, square, fast drainer, cast in one piece, no cover___ _________ ___________ _ __ __ _____ Soap, square, fast drainer, two-piece, drainer stuck on, no cover_________________________________ Soap, hanging_______ _____________ _________ Spittoons, plain, high parlor_____________________ Spittoons, plain, low parlor______________________ Spittoons, French, low_____ __ _ _______________ Sugars, bag, square, 24*s, uncovered-_________ __ Sugars, bag, square, 30*s, uncovered_____________ Sugars, bag, square, 36’ s, uncovered______________ Sugars, bag, square, 42*s, uncovered______________ Sugars, bag, square, 24’s, with ring_______________ Sugars, bag, square, 30*8, with ring_______________ Sugars, bag, square, 36’s, with ring_______________ Sugars, bag, square, 42’s, with rin g ______ ____ Sugars, Boston, square, 24’s, covered_____________ Sugars, Boston, square, 30*8, cov ered ____________ Sugars, Boston, square, 36*s, covered_____________ Sugars, Boston, square, 42’s, covered_____________ Sugars, box, square, 24's, covered________________ Sugars, box, square, 30’s, covered_______________ Sugars, box, square, 36’s, covered________________ Sugars, box, square, 42’s, covered________________ Sugars, home, 24's, covered__________________ :__ Sugars, home, 30’s, covered_____________________ Sugars, home, 36’s, covered_____________________ Sugars, individual, covered______________________ Sugars, Linden, 30’s____________________________ Sugars, Linden, 36’s____________________________ Sugars, ordinary, 24’s, covered___________________ Sugars, ordinary, 30’s, covered___________________ Sugars, ordinary, 36’s, covered___________________ Sugars, ordinary, 42’s, covered___________________ Sugars, Q. M. £>.. 30’s__________________ ________ Handle cast on Handle stuck on $0. 57 $0. 60 .6 0 . 57 . 35 . 57 .......... . 6 0 . 80 . 77 .7 0 . 67 .6 0 . 57 .6 0 . 57 . 77 . 80 .8 0 . 77 .7 4 . 67 . 57 . 60 . 52 . 55 .8 0 .7 7 .3 8 . 35 .4 8 .4 5 . 70 . 60 . 55 . 65 . 90 . 60 . 55 . 65 .5 0 $0. 77 . 63 . 77 . 45 . 40 . 35 . 30 . 50 . 45 . 40 . 35 . 70 . 65 .60 . 55 . 83 .7 3 .68 .63 .5 8 .86 .7 4 .77 . 65 . 55 .6 8 .7 0 .73 .65 .60 . 55 .83 .74 .68 .5 8 .63 .5 8 .8 6 .7 7 .7 0 .73 .65 .60 .6 8 .5 5 • 83 .5 8 .63 .8 6 151 APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT P r ic e s f o r C a s t in g V it r e o u s H o t e l C h in a w it h P r e p a r e d ( D o p e ) Sl ip — Continued Unhandled Sugars, Q. M. D., 36’s__________________________ Sugars, Rocaille, 30’s___________________________ Sugars, Rocaille, 36’s___________________________ Sugars, toy_________________________ ___________ Sirup jars, screw top, 24’s_______________________ Sirup jars, screw top, 30’s_______________________ Sirup jars, plain, 30’s, notch cut in top of handle.... Teapots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, handle and spout stuck on____________________ Teapots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, spout cast on, handle stuck on_________________ Teapots, with verge, 16 to 24 ounces capacity, handle and spout cast on______________________ Teapots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, handle and spout stuck on___________ _________ Teapots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, spout cast on, handle stuck on______ __________ Teapots, with verge, less than 16 ounces capacity, spout and handle cast on______________________ Handle cast on $0. 74 .74 .65 . 55 . 55 . 50 . 50 Handle stuck on 77 . 77 .68 .58 .55 .50 .50 $0. 1. 25 1. 10 1. 05 1. 10 .95 .90 The manufacturer wishing to avail himself of the above prices must install necessary appliances and reasonable conveniences for casters. Where shops fail to install the required appliances, or use molds made for pressing in which to do casting, or where water slip is used, china pressing prices shall be paid. If there is no established china pressing price for an article they shall pay 10 per cent additional above the china casting price. Where 36,s and smaller jugs and creams are plugged at lower part of the handle the price paid shall be the same as the stuck-on-handle price. Sufficient straps, hoops, and pouring buckets shall be furnished by the firm. Slip shall be delivered in the casting shop free of charge to the casters. Any article measuring one-half size or more larger than the “ correct size” as specified in this list will take the price of the next larger size. , Any article measuring less than one-half size larger than the “ correct size” will take the price of the “ correct size.” DISH MAKING H o t e l C h in a D is h e s a n d B a k e r s d is h e s Add 5 6 89 per cent to the following prices: Per dozen 1034 2-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ $0. 2J^-inch, oval, plain edge_______________________________________________ . 10J4 3-inch, oval, plain edge___________________________________________ . 1034 4-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ . 12 5-inch, oval plain edge__________________________________________________ . 13 6-inch, oval, plain edge—_______________________________________________ . 14 7-inch, oval, plain edge___________________________________________ . 1534 8-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ . 18 9-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ .2 0 10-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________ . 23 11-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________ . 25 12-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________ . 28 “ As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 81. 152 the pottery in d u s t r y Per dozen 13-inch, 14-inch, 15-inch, 16-inch, oval, oval, oval, oval, plain edge________________________________________________ $0. 32 plain edge________________________________________________ .3 7 plain edge________________________________________________ . 45 plain edge________________________________________________ . 50 BAKERS 2-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. ^ 2J^-inch, oval, plain edge..-------------------------------------------- ------------------------ ---- . 10H 3-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 10% 4-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 12 5-inch, oval, plain edge______________________________________________ ___ ___. 13 6-inch, oval, plain edge__________________ ______________________________ ___. 14 7-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 153^ 8-inch, oval, plain edge------------------------------ -------------------------------------------- ---- . 18 9-inch, oval, plain edge_________________________________________________ ___. 20 10-inch, oval, plain edge________________________________________________ ___.2 3 10-inch, roll edge and hotel thick bakers, outside mold------------------------ ---- . 273^ 103 SPECIAL DISHES AND BAKERS Dairy dish, 5-inch, square, plain and festooned___________________________. 2 0 ^ Delmonico nappie, 5-inch, ribbed, in side mold, made on dish machine. . 18 Delmonico nappie, 6-inch, ribbed, in side mold, made on dish machine. . 21 Fish dishes, 16-inch, unfooted__________________________________________ _. 70 Fish dishes, 18-inch, unfooted----------------------------------------------------------------- ---. 90 Fish dishes, 20-inch, unfooted__________________________________________ _1. 00 Fish dishes, 16-inch, footed_____________________________________________ _1. 40 Fish dishes, 18-inch, footed_____________________________________________ _1. 80 Fish dishes, 20-inch, footed_____________________________________________ _2. 00 M. & M. pickle, made on dish machine________________________________ _. 20 New York pickle, made on dish machine_______________________________ _. 20 Philadelphia stew baker, 6J^-inch__L____________________________________. 14 Steam dishes, 16-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _1. 65 Steam dishes, 18-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _2. 20 Steam dishes, 20-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _2. 65 Steam dishes, 22-inch, unfooted__________________________________________3. 30 Steam dishes, 24-inch, unfooted________________________________________ _3. 85 Steam dishes, continental, 17-inch______________________________________ _1. 95 Steam dishes, continental, 18-inch______________________________________ _2. 20 Plain square dishes or bakers shall pay price and one-half of plain oval. Dishes and bakers made on dish machine shall pay piece price at the same rate as oval dishes made by hand. Hotel thick and half thick plain festooned dishes and bakers shall pay 15 per cent above the making price of same shape and size plain dishes and bakers. Hotel thick and half thick fancy festooned or embossed dishes and bakers shall pay 20 per cent above the making price of same shape and size plain dishes and bakers. Footed dishes and bakers shall pay double the price of plain unfooted dishes or bakers of the same size. When a manufacturer requires that dishes, bakers and other ware be stamped in the green state, one-quarter (34) of a cent extra per dozen shall be paid for such stamping. H A N D L IN G H otel C hina H andling P rices Add 41 ’ per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Coffee pots, Vienna, Nos. 1, 2 __________________________________________ $0. 20 Creams, individual, handling, sticking, and cutting out snip___________ . 12 Creams, individual, sticking and cutting out snip only_________________ . 08 Cups, tea, coffee, A. D., ordinary shapes, block handles_____ __________ . 04^ * As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 153 Per dozen Cups, tea, coffee, A. D., ordinary shapes, open handles______________ $0. 05% . 11 Cups, welded block handle________________________________________ Cups, Ackers coffee, block handle__________________________________ . 05 . 11 Cups, Anderson, block handle worked on___________________________ Cups, Astor House, Conklin, block handle_____________ ____________ . 04% Cups, Astor House coffee, block handle__ __________________________ . 04% Cups, Atlantic coffee, block handle_________________________________ .05 Cups, Belfield coffee, Ovide style, block handle_____________________ . 05 Cups, Boston coffee, Ovide style, block handle______________________ . 05 Cups, buillon, block handle________________________________________ . 10 Cups, bouillon, open handle_______________________________________ . 11 Cups, Bridgewood coffee, open handle______________________________ . 05% Cups, cable tea, open handle______________________________________ . 06 Cups, Cambridge coffee, block handle______________________________ . 05 Cups, Chicago coffee, block handle_________________________________ . 05 Cups, Culot, block handle_________________________________________ .05 Cups, Conklin, special St. Louis, block handle______________________ . 05^ Cups, Conklin, regular, half thick, block handle_____________________ . 04% Cups, extra tea, block handle______________________________________ . 04% Cups, F. & M., block handle______________________________________ . 05 Cups, Gridley, block handle_______________________________________ . 04% Cups, Hub coffee, Ovide style, block handle________________________ . 05 Cups, mustache, sticking lip and handle____________________________ . 20 Cups, Newton coffee, Ovide style, block handle_____________________ . 05 Cups, Philadelphia, A. D., special, open handle_____________________ . 07 Cups, Pluton coffee, Ovide style, block handle______________________ . 05 Cups, R. C. special coffee, Ovide style, block handle_________________ . 05 Cups, Rialto, A. D., open handle__________________________________ . 05% Cups, sanitary block handle, welded or worked on___________________ . 11 Cups, Saxon coffee, extra large, block handle________________________ . 05 Cups, Saxon coffee, large, block handle_____________________________ .05 Cups, Saxon California coffee, block handle_________________________ .05 Cups, Saxon New York coffee, K. & T. mug handle_________________ .06 Cups, Saxon tea, block handle_____________________________________ . 04% Cups, Saxon, A. D., block handle__________________________________ . 04% Cups, Shaw, A. D., ring handle____________________________________ . 06 Cups, special St. Louis Conklin, block handle_______________________ . 05J^ Cups, Trenton coffee, Saxon style, French mug block handle_________ . 06 Cups, Trenton coffee, Saxon style, ordinary block handle____________ . 05 Cups, Trenton coffee, Ovide style, block handle_____________________ . 05 Cups, tulip, block handle__________________________________________ . 05J^ Cups, tulip, open handle___________________ ;______________________ . 06 Cups, Yale, Ovide style, block handle______________________________ . 05 Custards, block handle__ _________________________________________ . 04% Custards, open handle___ !________________________________________ . 05% Custards, face, Nos. 1, 2, and 3____________________________________ .08 Egg cups, double, after jigger man or turner________________________ . 05 Egg cups, shirred_________________________________ _______________ . 07 Mugs, beer______________________________________________________ . 08 . 14 Mugs, block handle, welded or worked on__________________________ Mugs, chocolate, plain____________________________________________ . 07 Mugs, chocolate, Stier, fluted, foot stuck on, G. P___________________ . 15 Mugs, dairy, ordinary shapes, all sizes open handle__________________ . 09 Mugs, dairy, 18’s and 24’s, open handle, worked on_________________ . 11 Mugs, dairy, 30’s, open handle, worked on________________ _______ _ . 10 Mugs, K. & T., French or Vienna, block handle_____________________ . 06 Mugs, soda, regular______________________________________________ . 07 Mugs, soda, special, three-cut handle_______________________________ . 09 Mustards, barrel, on stand, cutting cover and sticking body on saucer. . 12 Mustards, round, ordinary, block handle___________________________ . 04% Mustards, round, ordinary, open handle____________________________ . 05% Mustard covers, cutting, ordinary thickness________________________ . 04 Mustard covers, cutting, hotel, extra thick_________________________ . 05 Shirred-egg cups__________________________________________________ . 07 Spit cups________________________________________________________ . 08 Steins....... ...........„ ....................................................................... •_______ . 10 154 th e pottery in d u s t r y Per dozen Sugars, 24’s and 30’s, two faces or ears stuck on_____________________$0. 09 Sugars, 36’s and 42’s, two faces or ears stuck on_____________________ .08 Sugars, restaurant or individual, faces or ears stuck on_______________ . 08 Teapots, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2 _____________________________________ .2 0 Teapots, toy_____________________________________________________ . 20 Boxing cups with the use of starch or other adhesive material, one-half cent extra per dozen. All work shall be proportionately divided among journeyman handlers so long as there is any ware to be handled. JIGGERING C h i n a J ig g e r i n g P r ic e s HOTEL THICK AND HALF THICK Add 467 per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Bean pots, turned________________________________________________ $0. 05 Bean pots, sponged_______________________________________________ .08 Berry saucers, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain_________________________ _ . 04J^ Berry saucers, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned______________________ . 05 Berry saucers, French, festooned___________________________________ . 05 Berry saucers, Greek, festooned____________________________________ . 05 .06 Berry saucers, Hub, ribbed and festooned, small____________________ Berry saucers, Hub, ribbed and festooned, large_____________________ . 07 . 06 Berry saucers, Worcester, ribbed and festooned_____________________ Berry saucers, Worcester, ribbed and festooned, large________________ . 07 Boston egg cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finish ing, large size__________________________________________________ .25 Boston egg cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finish ing, small size__________________________________________________ .2 0 . 05 Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, turned_____________________________________ Bowls, 42's, all shapes, turned_______________________________,--------. 05 Bowls, 36's, all shapes, turned_____________________________________ . 05 Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, turned_____________________________________ . 05 Bowls, 24’s, all shapes, turned_____________________________________ . 05 Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________ .08 Bowls, 42's, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________ .08 Bowls, 36's, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________ .08 Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________ .09 Bowls, 24’s, all shapes, plain or roll edge, sponged___________________ . 11 Bowls, 36’s, Imperial thin top, sponged_____________________________ . 10 Bowls, 30’s, Imperial thin top, sponged------------------------------- -----------. 10 Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________ . 09 Bowls, 42’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________ . 09 Bowls, 36’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________ . 09 Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________ . 10 Bowls, 24’s, ail shapes, festooned, sponged__________________________ . 12 Inside bowls, made with either bat or liner, 2 cents extra per dozen. Bowls, rubbered inside, 2 cents extra per dozen. Bowls, 48's, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged_________________ . 12 Bowls, 42’s, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged_________________ .1 2 Bowls, 36’s, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged______________— . 12 Bowls, 30's, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged_________________ . 14 Bowls, 24’s, all shapes, plain, outside mold, sponged-------------------------.16 Bowls, 48’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________ . 13 Bowls, 42’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________ . 13 Bowls, 36’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________ . 13 Bowls, 30’s, all shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged_______________ . 15 Bowls, 24’s, aU shapes, festoon, outside mold, sponged--------------------- . 17 Bread plates, sham handle, round__________________________________ . 10 Brush vases, single mold, turned___________________________________ . 08 * As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 69. APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 155 Per dozen Butters, hotel, loose drainer, no cover______________________________ $0. 30 Butters, covered, complete, loose drain, four-piece___________________ . 60 Butters, fast drainer, no cover_____________________________________ . 55 Butters, individual, plain__________________________________________ . 03 Butters, individual, roll and safe edge______________________________ . 0 3 % Butters, individual, festooned______________________________________ .04 Cake covers, with knob, turned____________________ _______________ . 07 Cake covers, no knob_____________________________________________ .06 Cake covers, Greenwood__________________________________________ . 07 Cake covers, Imperial, thin, no knob, one hole, sponged_____________ .15 Cake covers, Imperial, half thick, no knob, one hole, sponged________ . 12 Cake covers, Imperial, thick, 7 holes_______________________________ . 20 Cake covers, Imperial, thick, 7 holes, Murray Hill (tall)_____________ .25 Cake plate, sham handle, round______________________________ _____ . 10 .50 Chambers, hotel, complete, one-piece mold, sticking and finishing____ Chambers, home, three-piece mold, complete_______________________ .60 Chop plate_____________________ _________________________________ .25 Coffeepot, Vienna No. 1__________________________________________ .65 Coffeepot, Vienna No. 2 __________________________________________ .70 Coffee urns, per gallon__________________________ _________________ .05 .25 Coffee urn spigots, making and sticking____________________________ Comports, 5-inch, two-piece_______________________________________ . 30 Comports, 6-inch, two-piece__________________________________ _____ . 33 Comports, 7-inch, two-piece_______________________________________ . 36 Comports, 8-inch, two-piece_______________________________________ . 40 Comports, 9-inch, two-piece----------------------------------------------------------. 44 Comports, 10-inch, two-piece______________________________________ . 48 Comports, 5-inch, three-piece_____________________ ________________ . 38 Comports, 6-inch, three-piece______________________________________ .41 Comports, 7-inch, three-piece______________________ _______________ .44 Comports, 8-inch, three-piece______________________________________ .48 Comports, 9-inch, three-piece______________________________________ . 52 Comports, 10-inch, three-piece_____________________________________ . 56 Cospadores, unhandled and uncovered, sponged_____________________ .80 . 10 Creams, individual, single mold, unhandled______ __________________ Creams, individual, single mold, solid handle stuck on_______________ . 14 Creams, individual, two or three part mold, unhandled______________ .12 Creams, individual, two or three part mold, solid handle made in body mold---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 13 Creams, individual two or three part mold, open handle made in body . 14 mold__________________________________________________________ Creams, individual, two or three part mold, handle stuck on_________ . 16 Creams, Saxon, No. 1, two or three part mold, unhandled____________ . 12 Creams, Saxon, No. 1, two or three part mold, solid handle in body mold__________________________________________________________ . 13 Creams, Saxon, No. 1, two or three part mold, handle stuck on_______ .16 Creams, Saxon, No. 2, two or three part mold, unhandled____________ . 14 Creams, Saxon, No. 2, two or three part mold, open handle in body mold________________ _________________________________________ . 16 Creams, Saxon, No. 2, two or three part mold, handle stuck on_______ . 19 Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, two or three part mold, unhandled___ . 12 Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, two or three part mold, solid handle in body mold_____________________________________________________ . 13 Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, two or three part mold, handle stuck on. . 16 Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, two or three part mold, unhandled____ . 12 Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, two or three part mold, handle in body mold__________________________________________________________ . 14 Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, two or three part mold, handle stuck on. . 16 Creams, tankard, Nos. 0 and 1, one-piece mold, for turner___________ . 05 Creams, Vienna, Nos. 1 and 2, one-piece mold, for turner____________ . 05 Cups, coffee, tea, A. D., thick and half thick, ordinary shape_________ . 03J^ Cups, Boston, coffee (G. P. Co.)_____________ ______________________ .05 Cups, catsup--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . 0 3 ^ Cups, Culot coffee, large__________________________________________ . 05 Cups, custard, block, turned_______________________________________ . 04 156 T H E POTTERY IN D U STRY Per dozen Cups, custard, two pieces, all sizes, turned__________________________ $0. 07 Cups, Hart coffee_________________________________________________ . 05 Cups, Marine coffee, large_________________________________________ . 05 Cups, Q. M. D. coffee____________________________________________ . 05 Cups, Saxon, coffee, large_________________________________________ . 05 Cups, tulip coffee, extra large______________________________________ .05 Cups, terrapin, fluted, unhandled__________________________________ . 12 Cups made with liners, extra per dozen_____________________________ . 0134 Six dozen on the hundred dozen allowed the jigger men for break age on cups only and count after turner. Custards, block, all sizes, turned___________________________________ . 04J4 .07 Custards, two-piece, all sizes, turned_______________________________ Custards, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing, large size______________________________________________________ . 25 Custards, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing, small size______________________________________________________ . 20 . 12 Delmonico nappies, ribbed, inside mold, 4-inch, made with bat_______ Delmonico nappies, ribbed, inside mold, 5-inch, made with bat_______ . 14 Egg cups, single, turned___________________________________________ . 0434 Egg cups, double, turned (block)___________________________________ . 05 Egg cups, double, turned (two-piece)_______________________________ .07 . 05 Egg cups, shirred, body only, turned_______________________________ Egg cups, shirred, cover only, turned_______________________________ . 05 Egg cups, Boston, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing, large size_____________________________________________ . 25 Egg cups, Boston, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing, small size_____________________________________________ .2 0 Fruits, saucers, 3, 4, 4J4, 5 inches, plain____________________________ . 0434 Fruits, saucers, 3, 4, 4J4> 5 inches, festooned------------------------------------. 05 Fruits, Hub, ribbed and festooned, small___________________________ . 06 Fruits, Hub, ribbed and festooned, large____________________________ . 07 Hub fruits, ribbed and festooned, small_________________________ ___ . 06 Hub fruits, ribbed and festooned, large-------------------------------------------. 07 Hub ice creams, ribbed and festooned, small________________________ . 06 Hub ice creams, ribbed and festooned, large________________________ . 07 Ice creams, 3, 4, 434, 5 inch, plain--------------------------------------------------- . 0434 Ice creams, 3, 4, 434, 5 inch, festooned--------------------------------------------. 05 Ice creams, Hub, ribbed and festooned, small____ __________________ . 06 Ice creams, Hub, ribbed and festooned, large_______________________ . 07 Ice creams, ribbed________________________________________________ . 15 Ice creams, shell--------------------------------------------------------------------------. 15 . 40 Ice tubs, 8-inch, for turner____________________ ___________________ Ice tubs, 9-inch, for turner------------------------------- -----------------------------. 45 Ice tubs, 10-inch, turned__________________________________________ . 50 Ice tubs, 8-inch., sponged__________________________________________ . 45 Ice tubs, 9-inch, sponged---------------------------------------------------------------. 50 Ice tubs, 10-inch, sponged-------------------------------- ----------------------------. 55 Ice tubs, firing rings---------------------------------------------------------------------.2 0 Jugs, hallboy, 12’s, complete, handle stuck on_______________________ .40 Jugs, hallboy, 24’s, complete, handle stuck on_______________________ .36 Jugs, hall boy, 30’s, complete, handle stuck on______________________ . 34 Jugs, hallboy, 12’s, handle in body mold____________________________ . 38 Jugs, hallboy, 24’s, handle in body mold____________________________ . 33 Jugs, hallboy, 30’s, handle in body mold____________________________ . 30 Liners for cups___________________________________________________ . 0134 Liners for bowls and mugs________________________________________ .02 Match safes, patent, three pieces, complete_________________________ . 50 M. C. saucer, plain_______________________________________________ . 0534 M. P. saucer, plain_______________________________________________ . 0534 Mugs, ordinary, 26 and 30, turned-------------------------------------------------. 05 Mugs, ordinary, 24 and 18, turned-------------------------------------------------.06 Mugs, beer--------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------------------. 07 Mugs, chocolate, small, turned-------------------------------------------------------. 06 Mugs, chocolate, large, turned-------------------------------------------------------. 07 Mugs, soda, small, turned------------------------------------------------ -------------. 06 Mugs, soda, large, turned----------------------- ------- ------------------------------. 07 APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 157 Per dozen Mugs, rubbered inside, extra per doz_________________________________ $0. 02 Mustards, barrel, covered, turned____________________________________ . 08 Mustards, round, covered, turned____________________________________ . 08 Mustards, Vienna, regular, turned___________________________________ . 08 Mustards, Vienna, large_____________________________________________ . 10 Mustards, Q. M. D_________________________________________________ . 10 Nappies, 3-inch, insid.e mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________ .08 Nappies, 4-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________ . 08 Nappies, 43^-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged____________ . 08 Nappies, 5-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________ . 09 Nappies, 6-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________ . 11 . 11 Nappies, 7-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________ Nappies, 8-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________ . 11 Nappies, 9-inch, inside mold, plain and roll edge, sponged______________ . 13 . 13 Nappies, 3-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________ Nappies, 4-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________ . 13 Nappies, 4J^-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged___________ . 13 Nappies, 5-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________ . 14 Nappies, 6-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________ . 16 Nappies, 7-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________ . 16 Nappies, 8-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________ . 16 Nappies, 9-inch, scalloped and fluted, inside mold, sponged_____________ . 18 Nappies, plain, 4-inch, inside mold, turned___________________________ . 05 . 05 Nappies, plain, 4 -inch, inside mold, turned_________________________ Nappies, plain, 5-inch, inside mold, turned___________________________ . 05 . 15 Nappies, Government, inside mold, sponged__________________________ Nappies, home, inside mold, sponged_________________________________ . 15 Nappies, Delmonico, ribbed, inside mold, 4-inch, made with bat________ .12 Nappies, Delmonico, ribbed, inside mold, 5-inch, made with bat________ .14 Oatmeal bowls, 48 ’s, plain or roll edge, inside mold____________________ .08 .08 Oatmeal bowls, 42’s, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________ Oatmeal bowls, 36's, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________ .08 . 09 Oatmeal bowls, 30's, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________ Oatmeal bowls, 24’s, plain or roll edge, inside mold, sponged___________ . 11 Oatmeal bowls, 48's, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________ . 09 Oatmeal bowls, 42’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________ . 09 Oatmeal bowls, 36’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________ .09 Oatmeal bowls, 30’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________ . 10 Oatmeal bowls, 24’s, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________________ . 12 Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________ .08 .08 Oatmeal bowls, 4-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________ Oatmeal bowls, 434-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold________________ .08 Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________ . 09 Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, plain or roll edge, inside mold__________________ . 11 Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged________________ . 09 Oatmeal bowls, 4-anch, festooned, inside mold, sponged________________ .09 Oatmeal bowls, 4^-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged______________ .09 Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged__________ ______ . 10 Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, festooned, inside mold, sponged________________ . 12 Oatmeal bowls, inside, made with either bat or liner, extra_____________ . 02 Oatmeal bowls, rubbered inside, extra________________________________ . 02 Oatmeal bowls, 48’s, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged--------------. 12 Oatmeal bowls, 42's, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged__________ . 12 Oatmeal bowls, 36’s, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged---------------.12 Oatmeal bowls, 30's, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged__________ .14 Oatmeal bowls, 24’s, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged--------------. 16 Oatmeal bowls, 48’s, festooned, outside mold, sponged_________________ . 13 Oatmeal bowls, 42’s, festooned, outside mold, sponged-------------------------. 13 Oatmeal bowls, 36’s, roll edge or festooned, outside mold, sponged--------. 13 Oatmeal bowls, 30's, roll edge or festooned, outside mold, sponged--------. 15 Oatmeal bowls, 24's, roll edge or festooned, outside mold, sponged---------. 17 Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged________ .12 Oatmeal bowls, 4-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged-----------.12 Oatmeal bowls, 434-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged -----, 12 86315°—26------11 158 the potteky in d u s t r y Per dozen Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged______ $0. Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, plain or roll edge, outside mold, sponged______ Oatmeal bowls, 3-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________ Oatmeal bowls, 4-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________ Oatmeal bowls, 434-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged___________ Oatmeal bowls, 5-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________ Oatmeal bowls, 6-inch, festooned, outside mold, sponged_____________ Oatmeal saucers, plain-----------------------------------------------------------------Oatmeal saucers, festooned________________________________________ Oatmeal saucers, knocking off mold, extra---------------------------------------Oatmeal saucers shall not exceed 1% inches inside depth, block mold measurement. Oatmeal saucers exceeding 1% inches inside depth, block mold measurement, shall be classed as outside bowls and pay accordingly. Plates, flat, plain, 3-inch---------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 4-inch---------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 4J^-inch------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 5-inch---------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 534-inch------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 6-inch__________________________________________ Plates, flat, plain, 6J4 -inch------------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 7-inch__________________________________________ Plates, flat, plain, 734-inch________________________________________ Plates, flat, plain, 8-inch__________________________________________ Plates, flat, plain, 10-inch_________________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 3-inch________________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 4-inch________________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 5-inch________________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 534-inch______________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 6-inch________________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 634-inch---------------------------------------------------------Plates, flat, festoon, 7-inch________________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 734-inch______________________________________ Plates, flat, festoon, 8-inch________________________________________ Plates, deep, plain, 5-inch_________________________________________ Plates, deep, plain, 534-inch_______________________________________ Plates, deep, plain, 6-inch-------------------------------------------------------------Plates, deep, plain, 634-inch_______________________________________ Plates, deep, plain, 7-inch_________________________________________ Plates, deep, plain, 734-inch_______________________________________ Plates, deep, plain, 8-inch_________________________________________ Plates, deep, festoon, 5-inch_______________________________________ Plates, deep, festoon, 534-inch-------------------------------------------------------Plates, deep, festoon, 6-inch_____________________________ _________ Plates, deep, festoon, 6J4-inch------------------------------------------------ ------Plates, deep, festoon, 7-inch_______________________________________ Plates, deep, festoon, 734-inch-------------------------------------------------------Plates, deep, festoon, 8-inch_______________________________________ Plates, coupe, plain, 6-inch________________________________________ Plates, coupe, plain, 7-inch________________________________________ Plates, coupe, festoon, 6-inch______________________________________ Plates, coupe, festoon, 7-inch---------------------------------------------------------Plates, banquet, 6-inch___________________________________________ Plates, banquet, 7-inch___________________________________________ Plates, banquet, 8-inch___________________________________________ Plates, banquet, 9-inch___________________________________________ Plates, bread, sham handle, round_________________________________ Plates, cake, sham handle, round__________________________________ Plates, chop______________________________________________________ Plates, service, 10-inch fired_______________________________________ Plates, service, 12-inch fired_______________________________________ Plates polished or backed with rubber, extra------------------------------------Plates, flat, plain, 5-inch, hand tool________________________________ Plates, flat, plain, 534-inch, hand tool______________________________ Plates, flat, plain, 6-inch, hand tool________________________________ Plates, flat, plain, 634-inch, hand tool______________________________ 14 .16 . 13 . 13 . 13 . 15 . 17 .07 .07% .02 . 04J4 . 04 J4 . 05 . 05 . 06 . 06 . 07 . 07 . 08 . 08 . 10 . 05 . 05 . 0534 .0§% .06% .07% .07% . 09 . 09 . 06 . 07 . 07 . 08 . 08 . 09 . 09 . 0634 .07% .07% . 09 . 09 . 10 . 10 . 07 . 08 .07% . 09 . 06 .07 .08 .09 . 10 . 10 . 25 . 10 . 12 .02 . 07% .08 . 08 . 09 159 A PPEN DIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT Per dozen . Plates, flat, plain, 7-inch, hand tool________________________________ $0. 09 Plates, flat, plain, 8-inch, hand tool________________________________ 10 Plates, flat, festoon, 5-inch, hand tool---------------------------------------------.08 Plates, fiat, festoon, 5J^-inch, hand tool_______________ ____________ .08 U Plates, flat, festoon, 6-inch, hand tool---------------------------------------------.0 S % Plates, flat, festoon, 6^-inch, hand tool------------------------------------------. 10 Plates, flat, festoon, 7-inch, hand tool______________________________ . 10 Plates, flat, festoon, 8-inch, hand tool______________________________ . 11 Plates, deep, plain, 5-inch, hand tool_______________________________ .08M Plates, deep, plain, 5^ 2-inch, hand tool_____________________________ .09 Plates, deep, plain, 6-inch, hand tool_______________________________ .09 Plates, deep, plain, 63^-inch, hand tool_____________________________ . 10 Plates, deep, plain, 7-inch, hand tool__________________ ____________ . 10 Plates, deep, plain, 8-inch, hand tool_______________________________ . 11 . 09 Plates, deep, festoon, 5-inch, hand tool_____________________________ Plates, deep, festoon, 5J^-inch, hand tool___________________________ . 093/i Plates, deep, festoon, 6-inch, hand tool_____________________________ . 09M Plates, deep, festoon, 6J^-inch, hand tool___________________________ 11 Plates, deep, festoon, 7-inch, hand tool_____________________________ . 11 Plates, deep, festoon, 8-inch, hand tool_____________________________ . 12 . 12 Plates, bread, round, sham handle, hand tool_______________________ 12 Plates, cake, round, sham handle, hand tool________________________ . 12 Plates, coupe soup, plain, 6-inch, hand tool-------------------------------------Plates, coupe soup, plain, 6J^-inch, hand tool_______________________ . 12 Plates, service, 10M-indi in fired, state, hand tool__________________ 12 Punch cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing, large size______________________________________________________ .25 Punch cup, two-piece, bowl and foot, jiggering, sticking, and finishing, . 20 small size______________________________________________________ Ramikins, ribbed, round, uncovered, No. 1_________________________ . 12 Ramikins, ribbed, round, uncovered, No. 2_________________ ________ . 12 . 12 Ramikins, plain, flared edge, uncovered____________________________ . 15 Ribbed ice creams---------------------- -------------------------------------------------Salads, high foot, 5-inch, inside mold, for turner____________________ . 05 . 06 Salads, high foot, 6-inch, inside mold, for turner____________________ Salads, high foot, 7-inch, inside mold, for turner____________________ . 08 . 10 Salads, high foot, 8-inch, inside mold, for turner_____________________ Salads, high foot, 9-inch, inside mold, for turner_____________________ . 15 . 05 Salads, high foot, 30’s, inside mold, for turner_______________________ .06 Salads, high foot, 24’s, inside mold, for turner_______________________ . 02 Salads, rubbered inside, extra_____________________________________ . 12 Salads, low foot, 5-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____ . 14 Salads, low foot, 6-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____ Salads, low foot, 7-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____ . 16 Salads, low foot, 8-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____ . 18 Salads, low foot, 9-inch, outside mold, foot formed by single tool_____ . 20 Salads, low foot, 43^-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool__ . 17 Salads, low foot, 5-iach, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____ . 17 Salads, low foot, 6-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____ 20 Salads, low foot, 7-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____ 22 Salads, low foot, 8-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____ . 2 5 Salads, low foot, 9-inch, outside mold, foot formed by spring tool_____ . 30 Salads, low foot, 4J^-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool___ . 20 20 Salads, low foot, 5-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____ Salads, low foot, 6-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____ . 23 Salads, low foot, 7-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____ . 25 Salads, low foot, 8-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool_____ . 30 Salads, low foot, 9-inch, outside mold, foot formed with zinc tool____ . 35 Salad, two-piece, 5-inch, jiggering, sticking, finishing_________________ . 32 Salad, two-piece, 6-inch, jiggering, sticking, finishing_________________ . 35 Salads, Navy, 8-inch, one-piece, inside mould, sponged_______________ . 35 Salads, Navy, 9-inch, one-piece, inside mold, sponged________________ . 40 Salads, Navy, 10-inch, one-piece, inside mold, sponged_______________ . 45 Saucers, berry, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain__________________________ .0 4 ^ Saucers, berry, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned_____ ________________ .05 •04J* Saucers, coffee, tea, A. D., regular, plain___________________________ . . . .. . 160 TH E POTTERY INDUSTRY Per dozen Saucers, coffee, tea, A. D., regular, festooned_______________________ $0. Saucers, fruit, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain___________________________ Saucers, fruit, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned____________ __________ Saucers, Government, plain_______________________________________ Saucers, Hart coffee, plain____________________________________ ____ Saucers, Hub fruit, ribbed and festooned, small_____________________ Saucers, Hub fruit, ribbed and festooned, large______________________ Saucers, Hub ice cream, ribbed and festooned, small_________________ Saucers, Hub ice cream, ribbed and festooned, large_________________ Saucers, ice cream, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, plain______________________ Saucers, ice cream, 3, 4, 4J^, and 5 inch, festooned__________________ Saucers, M. C., plain_____________________________________________ Saucers, M. P., plain_____________________________________________ Saucers, oatmeal, plain___________________________________________ Saucers, oatmeal, festooned_______________________________________ Saucers, Q. M. D., plain__________________________________________ Saucers, Q. M. C., plain__________________________________________ Saucers, Worcester berry, ribbed and festooned, small_______________ Saucers, Worcester berry, ribbed and festooned, large________________ Service plate, 10-inch, fired_______ ________________________________ Service plate, 12-inch, fired________________________________________ Shell ice cream___________________________________________________ Shirred-egg dish, without foot_____________________________________ Shirred-egg dish, with notched foot________________________________ Soup warmer, for steam table, 63^-inch, complete___________________ Soup warmer, for steam table, 8 -inch, complete___________________ Soup warmer, for steam table, 103^ -inch, complete__________________ Spittoons, low parlor, half thick, one-piece mold, complete___________ Spittoons, low parlor, thick, one-piece mold, complete_______________ Spittoons, firing rings_____________________________________________ Sugars, round, 24’s, single mold, for turner_________________________ Sugars, round, 30’s, single mold, for turner_________________________ Sugars, round, 36's, single mold, for turner--------------------------------------Sugars, round, 42’s single mold, for turner---------------------------------------Sugars, round, 48;s, single mold, for turner_________________________ Sugars, Vienna, 24’s, single mold, for turner________________________ Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, single mold, for turner________________________ Sugars, Vienna, 36’s single mold, for turner_________________________ Sugars, Vienna, 42;s, single mold, for turner________________________ Sugars, Vienna, 48’s, single mold, for turner________________________ Sugars, round, 24’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing_________________ Sugars, round, 30's, jiggering, sticking, and finishing-------------------------Sugars, round, 36’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing_________________ Sugars, round, 42's, jiggering, sticking, and finishing_________________ Sugars, round, 48’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing-------------------------Sugars, Vienna, 24's, jiggering, sticking, and finishing________________ Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing________________ Sugars, Vienna, 36’s, jiggering, sticking, and finishing________________ Sugars, Imperial, bellied, complete_________________________________ Sugars, rubbered, inside, extra-------------------------------------------------------Sugar covers only, half of total price. Sugar bodies only, half of total price. Teapots, Vienna, No. 1, complete__________________________________ Teapots, Vienna, No. 2, complete__________________________________ Terrapin cups, fluted, unhandled, Nos. 1 and 2-------------------------------Tureens, for steam table, 6^-inch, complete_____________ __________ Tureens, for steam table, 8^ 2-inch, complete------------------------------------Tureens, for steam table, 10^-inch, complete_______________________ Vase, brush, single mold, turned___________________________________ Worcester berry saucer, ribbed and festooned, small_________________ Worcester berry saucer, ribbed and festooned, large_________________ Cups made with liners shall pay extra______________________________ Bowls made with bat or liner shall pay extra________________________ 05 . 0 4^ . 05 . 05J^ . 05^j . 06 .07 .06 . 07 . 043^ . 05 . 053^ . 05}^ . 07 .07% . 05 . 05J^ . 06 .07 . 10 . 12 . 15 . 15 .22 . 45 . 60 . 75 .35 .35 . 12 . 16 . 15 . 14 . 13 . 13 . 18 . 17 . 16 . 15 .15 .36 . 35 .34 .30 . 30 .45 . 40 .35 . 50 . 02 . 65 . 70 .12 .45 . 60 . 75 . 08 . 06 . 07 .0 1 }^ .02 APPEND IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 161 No charge to jigger men for steam or electricity to operate jigger. When a manufacturer requires that ware be stamped in the green state, onequarter ( } 4 ) of a cent extra per dozen shall be paid for such stamping. Where jigger men are required to rubber bowls, nappies, mugs, mustards, sugars, salads, and other hollow ware on the inside in the process of making it, 2 cents extra per dozen shall be paid. Where it is necessary to knock ware off molds in green state to prevent loss, the jigger men shall be paid 2 cents extra per dozen. Where it is necessary to make inside bowls, nappies, salads, and similar ware with bat, the jigger men shall be paid 2 cents extra per dozen. KILN WORK K iln W o r k — B is q u e Placing china bisque kilns, 130 cubic feet shall constitute a kiln man’s day’s work. When plates, dishes, saucers, and other flatware are sanded by machine for placing in bisque kiln, 161 cubic feet shall constitute a kiln man's day's work. The style of placing and size of saggers to be the same as in use in semiporcelain general-ware shops. Hollow ware to be sprinkled. Plates, dishes, saucers, and other flat ware to be sprinkled and rubbed up. Where kiln men are required to bed roll edge or thin plates, dishes, saucers, or other flat ware, extra time shall be paid. Additional bungs placed in the arches, in excess of nine to a kiln, shall pay extra time on the basis of one kiln man's day for every three bungs. All setters to be taken from saggers and cleaned at expense of firm. Bats to be dressed and delivered to kiln in which they are to be used at the expense of firm. Scotch bricks to be delivered to kiln in which they are to be used at expense of firm. When there is an ascension of a half story to the green room, there shall be onehalf day added to time on kiln, and one day for full story. Where the distance from the kiln door to middle of green room is between 60 and 75 feet an extra half day shall be allowed. Where the distance is between 75 and 100 feet an extra day shall be allowed. Where the distance is between 100 and 125 feet ah extra one and one-half days shall be allowed. Journeyman kiln men, $ 3 . 1 7 20 per kiln man's day's work. Bench boss, $ 3 . 7 8 19 per kiln man's day's work. Kiln men required to place ware in flint shall be paid twenty-five (25c.) cents extra per kiln man's day. K il n W o r k — G l o s t Placing glost kilns, 112 cubic feet shall constitute a kiln man's day's work. Additional bungs placed in the arches, in excess of nine to a kiln, shall pay extra time on the basis of one kiln man's day for every three bungs. Double banjos placed in the first ring shall pay extra time on the basis of one kiln man's day for every four bungs. Kiln men shall receive 20 cents extra on each kiln man's day's work in the kiln for rubbing ware. Where there is an ascension of a half story to the dipping room, there shall be one-half day added to time on kiln, and one full day for full story. Where the distance from the kiln door to middle of drying room for dipped ware is between 60 and 75 feet an extra half day shall be allowed. Where the distance is between 75 to 100 feet an extra day shall be allowed. Where the distance is between 100 and 125 feet an extra one and one-half days shall be allowed. Journeyman kiln man $ 3 . 1 7 20 per kiln man's day's work. Bench boss $ 3 . 7 8 19 per kiln man's day's work. w As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $4.20. * As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $3.52. 162 T H E POTTERY IN D U STRY MOLD MAKING Mold makers, net scale, plus 35 26 per cent. Bakers, 3, 4, 5, 6 inch______________________ ___________ per dozen. _ $0. 40 Bakers, 7, 8, 9 inch________________________________________ do____ . 65 Bakers, 10, 11, 12 inch_____________________________________ do____ . 80 Basins, outside, all sizes____________________________________ do____ 1. 50 Basins, inside, all sizes______________________________________do____ 1. 75 Basins, mouth, all sizes_____________________________________ do____ 1. 10 . 45 Basins, plug_______________________________________________ each__ Batters___________________________________________________ do____ . 08 Batting and wedging block__________________________________do____ . 25 Bed pans__________________________________________________ do____ •60 Bidet pans________________________________________________ do____ . 50 Bird baths, all sizes________________________________________ do____ . 20 . 70 Bone dishes___________________________________________ per dozen_ Bottom molds_____________________________________________ each.. . 08 Bowls, 42’s___________________________________________ per dozen.. . 40 Bowls, 36’s, 30’s, 24’s_______________________________________do____ . 45 Bowls, 18’s________________________________________________ do____ . 60 Bowls, 12's, 9’s____________________________________________ do____ 1. 10 Bowls, 6’s, 4’s_____________________________________________ do____ 1. 35 Bowls, punch, two parts____________ ________________________each__ . 25 Bread trays, round_________________________________________ do____ . 10 Bread trays, oval__________________________________________ do____ . 15 Brush trays___________________________ ___________________ do____ . 45 Brush vases, for pressing_________________________ __________ do____ . 30 Brush vases, with frame, for jigger__________________________ do____ . 35 Butters, fast drainer, open__________________________________ do___ . 35 . 40 Butters, covered, complete__________________________________do____ Butters, extra bottoms_____________________________________ do____ . 12 Butters, extra covers_______________________________________ do____ . 10 . 10 Blitters, extra drainers_____________________________________ do-----Butters, extra bows________________________________________ do____ .08 Butters, covered, seven parts complete_______________________do__ _ . 55 . 10 Butters, extra handles______________________________________ do-----Butters, individual____________________________________ per dozen... . 25 Cake plates, fancy_________________________________________ each_ _ . 15 . 60 Cake stands, 7 to 14 inch___________________________________ do____ Cake stands, 16 to 20 inch_________________________________ do____ . 75 Celery trays_______________________________________________ do-----. 15 Chair pans, 5 to 7 inch_________________________________per dozen, _ 1. 00 Chair pans, 8-inch and up__________________________________ do____ 1. 50 Chambers, complete, for pressing____________________________ each-. . 85 Chambers, complete, with frame, for jigger___________________ do____ . 85 Chambers, handles_________________________________________ do____ . 10 Chambers, bows___________________________________________ do____ . 08 Chambers, covers, one-piece mold______________________ per dozen. _ . 70 Chambers, 12’s, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold__________ do____ 1. 10 Chambers, 9 ’s and 6's, uncovered, one-piece mold_____________do____ 1. 25 Chambers, 4 ’s, jiggered, uncovered, one-piece mold___________ do____ 1. 40 . 20 Chamber covers, two-part mold_____________________________ each__ Covered dishes, all sizes, complete___________________________ do____ . 75 Covered dish covers, two-part mold_________________________ do____ . 20 Covered dish handles_______________________________________do____ . 10 Covered dish bows_________________________________________ do____ . 08 Covered dish bottoms______________________________________ do____ . 08 Casseroles, pressed, same as covered dishes. Creams, individual and restaurant, single mold, for pressing___ do____ . 25 Creams, double lipped, single mold, for pressing______________ do____ . 20 Creams, 24’s, 30’s, and 36 ;s, single mold, for pressing_________ do____ . 35 Creams, toy, single mold, for pressing________________________do____ . 30 . 95 Chocolate pots_____________________________________________do-----Chums for mugs, cups and bowls____________________________ do____ . 10 Chums from 24’s up____________________________ ___________ do____ . 18 Combinets, complete_______________________________________ do------ 1. 60 26As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 57. APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 163 Comports, pressed____________________________________ per dozen $0. 45 Comports, three parts_________________________ .25 Cospadores, body only__________ ______________ 1. 25 Cracker jars, handled____________ _________ __ .75 Cracker jars, unhandled________________________ ____________d o __ .65 Crucifixes_______________ ___________ __________ . 15 Cups, coffee______________ _____________ __ ____________do____ .40 Cups, feed, canary, mocking____________________ ____________d o ___ .30 Cups, toy _ _________________ _______________ ---------------- do____ .35 Cups, tea, all sizes____________________ ________ ____________do____ . 40 Dishes, 2J4 to 6 inch________________ __________ ____________do____ .40 Dishes, 7 and 8 inch___________________________ ___ _______ do_ __ . 65 Dishes, 9 to 12 inch___________________ _______ ____________do____ .75 Dishes, 13 to 18 inch_______ __ ______________ ____________do____ 1. 40 Dish makers flags, 24 by 24 inch________________ ____________ each.. . 30 .40 Dish makers flags, 30 by 30 inch_____ __________ ____ _____ d o ____ Ewers, complete, 6 ’s, 9's, and 12’s for jiggering or pressing____ do____ . 70 Ewers, mouth, complete, for jiggering or pressing. ____________ do___ . 50 Foot baths____________________________________ ____________do____ 2. 00 Footers, all kinds______________________________ ____________do____ . 10 Grill plates No. 1, T. S. & T ___________________ . 15 _ ______ do____ Grill plates No. 2, T. S. & T ___________________ __ _______ _do_ __ . 15 Grill plates No. 3, T. S. & T ___________________ __________ _do _ _ . 10 .65 Glove boxes_______________________ ___ _____ __ _ ______do_____ Glove boxes, handle___________________________ ____ ______ do__ _ . 10 . 10 Handles, chamber and jug_____ ___________ _____ _ ______ _do__ .08 Handles, cup and mug, pressed__ _________ __ _ _______ _ do _ _ . 30 Ice creams___________________ ______________ __ ________ per dozen._ .50 Jardinieres, ordinary, 4-inch____________________ ____ _ __ each__ . 50 Jardinieres, ordinary, 5-inch __________ __________ ________ __ do___ .65 Jardinieres, ordinary, 6-inch________ __ _______ __ __ __ __ do____ Jardinieres, ordinary, 7-inch_______ ______ __ ________ ____do____ .65 Jardinieres, ordinary, 8-inch____________ _______ ___ ______do____ . 75 Jardinieres, ordinary, 9-inch_________ __________ ____ ____ d o ___ .75 .95 Jardinieres, ordinary, 10-inch_______ ______ __ ___ _______ do_____ .95 Jardinieres, ordinary, 11-inch__ ________________ ____________ do____ Jardinieres, ordinary, 12-inch___________________ __ _ _______ do____ 1. 10 Jardinieres, ordinary, 14-inch___________________ _ __ ______do____ 1. 50 . 50 Jars, flat top, body only______________________ ._______ per dozen. Jar covers, flat_______ ______________________ ____ ______ d o ____ .25 _ __ Jelly cans.____________________________ ________ do __ . 50 .2 0 Jigger heads_____________________________ _____ __ _______ each.. .60 Jugs, 4's, for pressing_________________ ________ ____________ do____ .55 Jugs, 6 's, for pressing__________________________ ____________do____ .45 Jugs, 12Js, for pressing_______ _______________ ____________do____ .35 Jugs, 24’s to 48’s, for pressing__________________ _____ ______ do____ .20 Jug covers two-part mold_______________________. . . ______ do------. 10 Jug handles___________________________________ ____________do____ . 50 Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 12’s____________ ________ ____ _______ do____ .40 Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 24's_________________________________do____ .40 Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 30’s_________________________________do____ Jugs, hallboy, jiggered, 36’s________ ____________ ____________ do____ .40 .65 Jugs, jiggered, 4's--------------------- ------------ ----------- ____________do____ .60 Jugs, jiggered, 6’s______________________________ ____________do____ . 50 Jugs, jiggered, 12’s_____________________________ ____________do____ .40 Jugs, jiggered, 24;s to 42's______________________ ____________do____ . 15 Ladles, soup and sauce_________________________ _______ ____do____ ________ per dozen-_ .40 Ladles, cup________________________________ Lead rings__________________________________ _____________each-. .3734 .35 Mugs, one-piece mold, jiggered_________________________ per dozen.. .30 Mugs, toilet, jiggered__________________________ ____________each__ .35 Mugs, pressed, complete________________________ .30 Mugs, shaving, complete_______________________ ____________do____ . 10 Mugs, shaving, partition only___________________ ____ _______ do____ .35 Mugs, jiggered with frame___________ __________ _______ ____do____ .30 Mustards____________________________________ 164 the pottery in d u s t r y Mustards, jiggered____________________________________ per dozen_ _ $0. 35 Mustard covers____________________________________________ do-----. 25 Nappies, 234 to 5 inch_____________________________________ do-----. 50 Nappies, 6 to 8 inch________________________________________do-----. 65 Nappies, 9 and 10 inch_____________________________________ do-----. 75 Nappies, oval and square, 234 to 5 inch______________________ do-----. 60 Nappies, oval and square, 6 to 8 inch________________________ do------ . 6734 Nappies, oval and square, 9 and 10 inch_____________________ do-----. 80 .45 Oatmeals_________________________________________________ do-----. 35 Patch boxes, body_________________________________________ do-----Patch boxes, covers________________________________________ do____ . 25 Pickles____________________________________________________ do____ . 70 . 75 Pin trays__________________________________________________do____ Plates, pie, 6 to 8 inch_____________________________________ do____ . 55 Plates, pie, 9 and 10 inch___________________________________ do____ . 65 Plates, 2J4 to 4 inch_______________________________________ do____ . 35 Plates, 5 and 6 inch________________________________________ do____ . 40 Plates, 7 and 8 inch________________________________________do____ . 45 Plates, bread, jiggered______________________________________each.. . 10 Puff boxes________________________________________________ do____ .42 Rings, notched____________________________________________ do____ . 18 Rings, single______________________________________________ do____ . 12 Ring stand, hand and tree__________________________________ do____ . 10 Ring stand bowls______________________________________per dozen. _ . 30 Sugars, complete, for jiggering or pressing____________________ each__ . 75 Sugar covers, two-part mold________________________________ do____ . 20 Sugar covers, one-piece mold for jigger__________________ per dozen, _ . 70 Sugar handles______________________________________________each__ . 10 Sugar bowls_______________________________________________do____ .08 Saucers, tea and coffee_________________________________ per dozen. _ . 30 Saucers, toy and A. D______________________________________do____ . 30 Saucers, fruit______________________________________________ do____ . 30 Salads____________________________________________________ each__ . 45 Sauce boats, complete______________________________________ do____ . 45 Sauce boats, stands____________________________________per dozen. . . 70 Sick feeders_______________________________________________ each__ .25 Ship bottles_______________________________________________ do____ . 45 Slop jars, l ’s______________________________________________ do____ 1. 90 Slop jars, 2’s and 3’s_______________________________________ do____ 1. 65 Soaps, covered_____________________________________________do____ . 50 Soaps, fast drainer_________________________________________ do____ . 20 Soaps, slabs_______________________________________________ do____ . 08 . 10 Soaps, slabs with hoops_____________________________________do____ Soaps, hanging, three parts_________________________________ do____ . 25 . 35 Spit cups, fast tops or loose_________________________________ do____ Spittoons, four pieces_______________________________________do____ . 50 Stove founts__________________________________________ per dozen. _ . 45 Teapots, all sizes___________________________________________ each.. . 95 Teapots, handles___________________________________________ do____ . 10 Teapots, spout, single_______________________________________do____ . 10 Teapots, spout, double______________________________________do____ . 20 Teapot covers, two-part mold_______________________________do____ . 20 Verge molds_______ _______________________________________ do____ . 08 . 75 Tureens, sauce, all sizes, complete___________________________ do____ Tureens, sauce, stands______________________________________do____ . 10 Tureens, soup and oyster, all sizes, complete_________________ do____ 1. 00 Tureens, soup, stands______________________________________ do____ . 15 Urinals------------------------------------------------------------------------------ do____ . 50 Whirlers__________________________________________________ do____ . 3734 M olds Jugs, Jugs, Jugs, Jugs, for Casting 4’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________each.. 6’s, one in mold, handle attached_______________________do____ 12,s, one in mold, handle attached_____________________ do____ 24's, one in mold, handle attached_____________________ do____ . 50 . 45 . 35 . 30 APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 165 Jugs, 30's, one in mold, handle attached_______________________ each__ $0. 30 All smaller jugs and creams, single jug mold, handle attached___ do____ . 30 All above prices on jugs of all sizes apply only when molds are made in the lock bottom form. Multiple molds of two or three compartments for jugs 30’s and smaller sizes and creams, with or without handles attached____________ each__ . 50 Multiple molds for other articles, molasses cans, etc., similar in style and size to above described_________________________________ each__ . 50 Tankard individual creams, four in mold, for casting, West End Pottery Co-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------each.. .65 Covered dishes, one in mold, handles attached__________________ do____ . 65 Casseroles, one in mold, handles attached______________________ do____ . 65 Sauce tureens, one in mold, handles attached___________________ do____ . 65 Sugars, one in mold, handles attached_________________________ do____ . 65 Teapots, one in mold, handles attached________________________ do____ . 85 Regular sauce boats, one in mold, handles attached_____________ do____ . 40 Ewers, one in mold, handles attached--------------------------------------- do____ . 65 Mouth ewers, one in mold, handles attached______________ _____do____ . 40 Urinals, one in mold, handles attached_________________________ do____ . 45 Regular sauce boat, two in mold, handles attached______________ do____ . 50 D. L. sauce boats, two in mold, no handles_____________________ do____ . 50 . 45 D. L. sauce boats, one in mold, handles attached_______________ do____ All one-piece molds with handle mold separate, same prices as pressing molds. Soap slab, two-part mold, for casting, West End Pottery Co_____ each__ . 15 Cup handle molds, one dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement__ do____ . 25 Cup handle molds, two dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement___ do____ . 35 . 30 Mug handle molds, one dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement___ do____ Mug handle molds, two dozen handles in mold, S. C. settlement___ do____ .45 The work of each mold maker shall be counted separately, and each shall be paid separately from the office. Buckets, coddles, and soap shall be furnished without cost to the mold maker. The ratio of apprentices to journeyman mold makers in the entire generalware trade shall not exceed one to four. No shop shall be entitled to more than 50 per cent of its full force of mold makers in apprentices. No shop shall be entitled to an apprentice until it can provide reasonably steady work for at least one journeyman and one apprentice. No shop shall be entitled to a second apprentice until it employs at least four journeymen, nor to a third apprentice until it employs at least seven journeymen. The term of apprenticeship shall be five years; the apprentice shall be given the opportunity to thoroughly learn blocking and casing during the last two years of his service as an apprentice; the apprentice shall receive his wages directly from the office at the following scale of discounts: First year, 3 3 per cent discount from list. Second year, 25 per cent discount from list. Third year, 20 per cent discount from list. Fourth year, 15 per cent discount from list. Fifth year, 15 per cent discount from list. No journeyman mold maker shall be discharged to make room for an apprentice and no apprentice at present employed shall be discharged for the purpose of establishing the foregoing ratio. Blocking and Casing To experienced workmen, a list of whom is to be made, $ 1 ,27 net, per hour. All other moldmakers unlisted who may be given work at blocking and casing Bhall receive journeyman price, less 10 per cent for the first year, after which they shall receive the full rate. n As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads $1.15. 166 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY PRESSING H o t e l C h in a , P r e s s in g P r i c e s Add 51 M per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Bottles, ship_____________________________ *--------------------------------------$1. Bread plates, Brooklyn, square, festooned-------------------------------------------Bread plates, lap cor. small, square, No. 1------------------------------------------Bread plates, lap cor. large, square, No. 2-------------------------------------------Bread plates, Navy, square, festooned-----------------------------------------------Bread plates, Victoria, square, festooned--------------------------------------------Bread plates, Washington, plain, square-------------------------------------------- Bread trays________________________________________________________ Butters, cable, three pieces---------------------------------------------------------------Butters, home, three pieces__________________________________________ Butters, round, loose drainer, no cover-----------------------------------------------Butters, round, fast drainer, no cover. _----------------------------------------------Butters, square, loose drainer, no cover----------------------------------------------Butters, square, fast drainer, no cover-----------------------------------------------Casseroles, round, 6-inch____________________________________________ Casseroles, round, 7-inch------------------------------------------------------------------Casseroles, round, 8-inch___________________________ ________________ Casseroles, round, 9-inch____________________________________________ Casseroles, round, 10-inch___________________________________________ Casseroles, Washington_____________________________________________ Casserole covers, notching___________________________________________ Celery trays, plain oval, footed, up to 10-inch long, mold measurement. . Celery trays, plain oval, footed, over 10 inches and up to 12 inches long, mold measurement_______________________________________________ Celery trays, plain oval, footed, over 12 inches and up to 14 inches long, mold measurement_______________________________________________ Celery trays, all sizes, oval, festooned, embossed, broken edge, fluted, scalloped, ribbed, or fancy, 15 per cent more than plain oval prices. Celery trays, square, all styles, 15 cents per dozen above price of plain oval of same measurements. Celery trays, unfooted, 30 per cent less than price of same size and style footed, price. Chambers, 9\s, home, covered-----------------------------------------------------------Chambers, hotel, covered___________________________________________ Compartment dishes, oval, 10-inch, three compartments_______________ Compartment dishes, oval, 8-inch, two compartments__________________ Comports, high foot, 5-inch, two-piece foot___________________________ Comports, high foot, 6-inch, two-piece foot___________________________ Comports, high foot, 7-inch, two-piece foot___________________________ Comports, high foot, 8-inch, two-piece foot___________________________ Comports, high foot, 9-inch, two-piece foot___________________________ Comports, low foot, 5-inch, one-piece foot____________________________ Comports, low foot, 6-inch, one-piece foot____________________________ Comports, low foot, 7-inch, one-piece foot____________________________ Comports, low foot, 8-inch, one-piece foot____________________________ Comports, low foot, 9-inch, one-piece foot____________________________ Comports, beaver, 5-inch____________________________________________ Comports, beaver, 6-inch________________ ___________________________ Comports, Club St. Cloud, 5-inch____________________________________ Comports, Club St. Cloud, 6-inch____________________________________ Comports, shell____________________________________________________ Covered dishes, oval, 5-inch_________________________________________ Covered dishes, oval, 6-inch_________________________________________ Covered dishes, oval, 7-inch_________________________________________ Covered dishes, oval, 8-inch_________________________________________ Covered dishes, oval, 9-inch_________________________________________ Covered dishes, oval, 9-inch, unhandled________ ’___ _________________ Covered dishes, Brooklyn___________________________________________ Covered dishes, Navy______________________________________ ________ * As amended January, 1923; reads 75 cents. 00 . 75 .45 .65 . 75 . 75 . 70 . 80 .80 .60 . 65 . 65 . 70 .95 1. 05 1. 15 1. 30 1. 45 1. 70 . 15 . 35 . 50 . 60 1. 00 1. 00 .75 .55 .55 .60 .65 . 70 . 75 .45 .50 .55 .60 .65 .50 . 55 . 50 . 55 . 70 1. 05 1. 10 1. 20 1. 35 1. 50 1. 30 1. 70 1. 70 APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 167 Per dozen Covered dishes, Navy rings_________________________________________ $0. 30 Covered dishes, U. S. Army, 9-inch, unhandled________________________ 1. 30 Covered dishes, Washington, square_________________________________ 1. 75 Creams, home______________________________________________________ . 50 Creams, 24’s____ !__________________________________________________ . 55 Creams, 30’s_______________________________________________________ . 50 1. 00 Ewers, 9’s_________________________________________________________ Ewers, hotel_______________________________________________________ 1. 00 Ewers, ship___________________________________ ____________________ 1. 10 Fruits, Pompador, square, with round foot, 3, 4, and 5 inch___________ .30 Ice creams, shell___________________________________________________ . 30 Ice creams, shell, open handle_______________________________________ . 35 Ice creams, Wiggen-------------------------------------------------------------------------.30 Ice creams, Shaw___________________________________________________ .30 Ice tubs, 9-inch____________________________________________________ 1. 00 Ice tubs, 10-incli___________________________________________________ 1. 50 Ice tubs, 12-inch___________________________________________________ 2. 50 Jugs, 4’s___________________________________________________________ 1. 05 Jugs, 6’s----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 90 Jugs, 12’s__________________________________________________________ . 70 Jugs, 24’s----------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------. 60 Jugs, 30’s__________________________________________________________ . 55 Jugs, 36’s_____________________________ :-----------------------------------------. 50 Jugs, 42’s__________________________________________________________ . 45 Jugs, ice, plain handle, 4’s___________________________________________ 1. 40 Jugs, ice, plain handle, 6’s___________________________________________ 1. 20 Jugs, ice, plain handle, 12’s_________________________________________ . 95 . 18 Nappies, 3-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________ Nappies, 4-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________ . 19 Nappies, 5-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________ . 21 Nappies, 6-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________ . 23 Nappies, 7-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________ . 25 . 27 Nappies, 8-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________ . 30 Nappies, 9-inch, round, fluted, inside mold___________________________ Pickles, plain, oval, footed, up to 10 inches long, mold measurement____ . 35 Pickles, plain, oval, footed, over 10 inches and up to 12 inches long, mold measurement____________________________________________________ . 50 Pickles, plain, oval, footed, over 12 inches and up to 14 inches long, mold measurement __ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------. 60 Pickles, all sizes, oval, festooned, embossed, broken edge, fluted, scalloped, ribbed or fancy, 15 per cent more than plain oval juices. Pickles, square, all styles, 15 cents per dozen above price of plain oval of same measurements. Pickles, unfooted, 30 per cent less than price of same size and style footed piece. Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 5-inch_________________ . 40 Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 6-inch_________________ . 45 Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 7-inch_________________ . 50 Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 8-inch_________________ . 55 Salads, K. T., square, outside mold, round foot, 9-inch_________________ . 60 .40 Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 5-inch___________ Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 6-incli___________ .45 Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 7-incli___________ .50 Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 8-inch__ ________ . 55 Salads, Pompadore, square, outside mold, round foot, 9-inch___________ .60 Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 5-inch___________________ . 55 Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 6-inch__ ________________ . 60 Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 7-inch___________________ . 70 Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 8-inch___________________ .80 Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 9-inch___________________ 1. 05 Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 10-inch__________________ 1. 15 Salads, round, ribbed, low foot, outside mold, 11-inch__________________ 1. 20 Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 6-inch__________________ . 70 Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 7-inch______ ___________ .80 Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 8-inch___ ______________ .90 Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 9-inch__________________ 1. 0 5 168 THE POTTERY INDUSTRY Per dozen Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 10-inch-------------------------- $ 1. 20 Salads, round, ribbed, high foot, outside mold, 11-inch-------------------------1. 35 Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 6-inch-----------------------. 40 Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 7-inch-----------------------. 50 Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 8-inch-----------------------. 60 Salads, square, outside mold, square foot, M. P., 9-inch-----------------------. 70 Sauce boats, cable, extra large (Government)--------------------------------------.90 Sauce boats, Government-----------------------------------------------------------------. 50 Sauce boats, Home, No. 1, foot stuck on--------------------------------------------.90 Sauce boats, Home, No. 2 , foot stuck on--------------------------------------------.80 Sauce boats, Home, No. 3, foot stuck on--------------------------------------------. 65 Sauce boats, individual_____________________________________________ .65 Sauce boats, mayonnaise------------------------------------------------------------------.65 Sauce boats, Navy, large--------------------------------------------------- --------------. 90 Sauce boats, Navy, medium--------------------------------------------------------------. 80 Sauce boats, Navy, small----------------------------------------------------- --------- . 65 Sauce boats, Philadelphia, small individual-----------------------------------------. 65 Sauce boats, Q. M. D., Government--------------------------------------------------. 90 Sauce boats, Rector, No. 1, foot stuck on-------------------------------------------.90 Sauce boats, Rector, No. 2, foot stuck on---------------------------------„ ------. 80 Sauce boats, Rector, No. 3, foot stuck on-------------------------------------------. 65 Sauce boats, U. S. Army, large---------------------------------------------------------. 90 Sauce-boat stands---------------------------------------------------------------------------.40 Scale plates, 6-inch--------------------------------------------------------------------------. 35 Scale plates, 7-inch_________________________________________________ . 40 Scale plates, 8-inch_________________________________________________ . 45 Scale plates, 10-inch________________________________________________ . 50 Scale plates, 12-inch________________________________________________ .60 Scale plates, 13-inch-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------. 70 Scale plates, 14-inch________________________________________________ . 80 Scale plates, 15-inch------------------------------------------------------------------------. 90 Ship bottles________________________________________________________ 1. 00 Ship ewers_________________________________________________________ 1. 10 Shirred-egg dishes, Nos. 1 and 2, foot notched------------------------------------.40 Shirred-egg dishes, Nos. 1 and 2, foot plain----------------------------------------. 35 Spittoons, French, low______________________________________________ . 85 Spittoons, high parlor_______________________________________________ . 85 Spittoons, low parlor, regular------------------------------------------------------------. 70 Sugars, Boston, 36*s________________________________________________ . 70 . 75 Sugars, Boston, 30’s_____________________________ __________________ . 75 Sugars, box, 36’s___________________________________________________ Sugars, box, 30’s___________________________________________________ . 85 Sugars, box, 24’s___________________________________________________ . 95 Sugars, home, 30’s__________________________________________________ . 75 .85 Sugars, Linden, 36’s________________________________________________ Sugars, Linden, 30’s________________________________________________ . 95 Sugars, Q. M. D., 36’s---------------------------------------------------------------------. 85 Sugars, Q. M. D., 30’s---------------------------------------------------------------------. 95 Sugars, Rochelle, 36’s_______________________________________________ . 75 Sugars, Rochelle, 30’s_______________________________________________ . 85 .35 Trays, plain oval, footed, up to 10 inches long, mold measurement________ Trays, plain oval, footed, over 10 inches and up to 12 inches long, mold measurement____________________________________________________ . 50 Trays, plain oval, footed, over 12 inches and up to 14 inches long, mold measurement____________________________________________________ . 60 Trays, all sizes, oval, embossed, festooned, broken edge, fluted, scal loped, ribbed or fancy, 15 per cent more than plain oval prices. Trays, square, all styles, 15 cents per dozen above price of plain oval of same measurements. Trays, unfooted, 30 per cent less than price of same size and style footed piece. Tureen, sauce, home, oval, 6-inch____________________________________ 1. 10 Tureen, soup, home, round, 5-inch___________________________________ 1. 00 Tureen, soup, home, round, 6-inch___________________________________ 1. 10 Tureen, soup, home round, 7-inch____________________________________ 1. 20 Tureen, soup, home, round, 8-inch___________________________________ 1. 60 169 APPEN D IX— WAGE AGREEM ENT Per dozen Tureen, soup, home, round, 9-inch___________________________________ $2. 00 Tureen, soup, home, round, 10-inch__________________________________ 2. 25 Tureen, soup, home, round, 11-inch__________________________________ 2. 50 2. 75 Tureen, soup, home, round, 12-inch__________________________________ Tureen, soup, oval, 5-inch________________________________ __________ 1. 00 Tureen, soup, 'oval, 10-inch__________________________________________ 3. 25 2. 00 Tureen, oyster_____________________________________________________ Rings for. tureens___________________________________________________ . 30 Water bottles._____________________________________________________ 1.00 PACKING W age S c a le fo r P a c k in g H o t e l C h in a Add 3 8 67 per cent to crates, boxes, and other packages paying less than 10 cents each, and to all other packages add 6 1 31 per cent: Size of cask Head stave No. 00 or No. 1 Demerara cask________________________ No. 0 or No. 2 Demerara cask_________________________ No. 1 or No. 3 Demerara cask_________________________ No. 2 or sugar-molasses cask______ ____________________ No. 3 or soda ca s k __ _________________________________ No. 4 or clay tierce cask_______________________________ No. 5 or full tierce cask_____________________ __________ No. 6 or %-tierce cask._ _____________________ _______ No. 7 or barrel-and-half tierce cask_____________________ 22-inch barrel______________________________________ 20-inch barrel________________________________________ 19-inch barrel_________________________________________ 18-inch barrel______________________________________ 17-inch barrel_________________________________________ 16-inch barrel________________________________________ 14-inch barrel. __ _ _________________________________ All barrels packed with sawdust or chaff________________ Kegs__________________________________ _____________ Boxes___________________________ ____________________ Day wage packing, per hour, net_______________________ 42 x 40 x 38 x 36 x 32 x 30 x 27 x 22 x 24 x 22 x 20 x 19 x 18 x 17 x 16 x 14 x 42 42 42 40 40 36 36 36 30 30 30 30 30 30 24 24 Each $0. 55 . 50 . 45 . 45 . 40 . 35 . 30 . 25 . 20 . 20 .173^ •17J* . 15 . 15 . 15 .12 . 20 • 12H . 10 69. 76 *i As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement, reads 87. 67 As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement, reads 60. amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement, reads .87. m As TURNING H o t e l C h in a T u r n in g P r ic e s Add 41 1 per cent to the following prices: Per dozen Bean pots_____________________________ ___________________________$0. Berry cups, hotel, K. & T_________________________________________ Bouillon, Bellevue-Stratford Liner-________________________________ Bouillon cup covers_______________________________________________ Bowls, B. & M. 36’s_____________________________________________ Bowls, cereal, 24’s________________________________________________ Bowls, cereal, 30’s________________________________________________ Bowls, cereal, 36’s___________________________________________ _____ Bowls, cereal, 42’s________________________________________________ Bowls, cracker, plain edge_________________________________________ Bowls, Government, 24’s, plain edge_______________________________ Bowls, Greenwood, 4-inch, special footed___________________________ Bowls, home, plain edge, 30’s______________________________________ > As amended January, 1923; 1920 agreement reads 63. 07 .06 . 10 . 11 . 08^ . 103^ . 09 H . 08 . 073^ . 103^ . 11 . 07 . 093^ 170 the pottery in d u s t r y Per dozen Bowls, K. & T. high footed, 24’s________________ __________________ $0. Bowls, K. & T. high footed, 36’s_____________________ _____________ Bowls, oatmeal, 24’s______________________________________________ Bowls, oatmeal, 30’s______________________________________________ Bowls, oatmeal, 36’s______________________________________________ Bowls, oatmeal, 42’s___________________________________________. 0 7^ Bowls, oyster, high footed, 24’s, thick and half thick________________ Bowls, oyster, high footed, 30’s, thick and half thick________________ Bowls, oyster, high footed, 36’s, thick and half thick________________ Bowls, oyster, high footed, 42’s, thick and half thick_______ _________ Bowls, oyster, high footed, 48’s, thick and half thick________________ Bowls, oyster, low foot, 24's, thick and half thick___________________ Bowls, oyster, low foot, 30’s, thick and half thick___________________ Bowls, oyster, low foot, 36’s, thick and half thick____________________ Bowls, oyster, low foot, 42’s, thick and half thick______________ _____ Bowls, oyster, low foot, 48’s, thick and half thick___________________ Bowls, Q. M. D., 24’s_____________________________________________ Bowls, St. Denis, 24’s, thick and half thick_________________________ Bowls, St. Denis, 30’s, thick and half thick_________________________ Bowls, St. Denis, 36’s, thick and half thick___________________ ______ Bowls, tulip, 30’s, thick and half thick_____________________________ Bowls, tulip, 36’s, thick and half thick_____________________________ Bowls, tulip, 42’s, thick and half thick_____________________________ Bowls, Waldorf, 30's______________________________________________ Roll-edge bowls, 1 cent extra per dozen over plain edge. Brush vases, Vienna (G. P. style)__________________________________ Brush vase, straight, footed, roll edge (M. P.)______________________ Butter custards______ ____________________________________________ Butter, fast drainer, two pieces, turning, sticking and punching______ Cake covers, with knob, turning only______________________________ Cake covers, with knob and boring 9 holes_________________________ Cake covers, no knob, turning only________________________________ Cake covers, Greenwood, depressed knob, turning only______________ Cake covers, boring 9 holes, extra over turning_____________________ Candlestick, column style_________________________________________ Candle socket, to stick on saucer__________________________________ Catsup cups_____________________________________________________ Comports, 5-inch_________________________________________________ Comports, 6-inch_________________________________________________ Comports, 7-inch_________________________________________________ Comports, 8-inch_________________________________________________ Comports, 8J4-inch_______________________________________________ Comports, 9-inch____________________________ ____________________ Comports, sticking-up____________________________________________ Comports, Pacific________________________________________________ Covers, bouillon cup______________________________________________ Creams, Culot___________________________________________________ Creams, F. & E. No. 1_______________________________________ ____ Creams, R. C. special_____________________________________________ Creams, San Francisco____________________________________________ Creams, tankard, No. 0___________________________________________ Creams, tankard, No. 1___________________________________________ Creams, tankard, No. 2___________________________________________ Creams, Vienna, No. 0___________________________________________ Creams, Vienna, No. 1____________________________________________ Creams, Vienna, No. 2____________________________________________ Creams, Vienna, No. 3____________________________________________ Cups, A. D., plain, ordinary shapes, thick and half thick_____________ Cups, tea, plain, ordinary shapes, half thick________________________ Cups, tei, plain, ordinary shapes, thick____________________________ The regular Ovide teacup to be the limit in size of Ovide style teacups. The Saxon teacup to be the limit in size of tall Saxon style teacups, and the Ruby teacup to be the limit in size of low Saxon teacups. Cups larger than the regular Ovide, Saxon, or Ruby teacups to be classed as extra tea or coffee cups. 1034 •0834 . 1034 . 0934 . 0834 . 10V£ . 0 9^ . 0834 . o 7 lA . 073*? . 1034 .09)^ . 0834 . 0734 . 0734 . 11 . 07 . 0634 . 06 . 0834 . 0734 . 07 . 09J^ . 18 .’ 18 . 09 . 30 . 15 . 20 . 13 . 17 .05 . 30 . 10 . 04J4 .25 .25 . 30 . 30 . 35 . 40 . 18 . 20 . 11 . 06 . 09 . 0634 . 10 . 09 . 09 . 09 . 09 . 09 . 09 . 10 . 0434 . 0434 . 04J4 APPENDIX— WAGE AGREEM ENT 171 Per dozen Cups, extra tea and coffee, plain, ordinary shapes, half thick__________$0. 043^ Cups, extra tea and coffee, plain, ordinary shapes, thick_____________ . 05 The half thick regular Conklin coffee cup to be the limit in size of the Ovide style extra tea or coffee cups. The half thick Saxon coffee to be the limit in size of the Saxon style extra tea or coffee cups. Half thick, plain, ordinary shape coffee cups larger than the half thick regular CJonklin coffee or half thick regular Saxon coffee____________ .05 Thick, plain, ordinary shape coffee cups larger than the half thick regular Conklin coffee or half thick regular Saxon coffee____________ . 0 5 }4 Thin, extra large and special shape cups, to be classed as specialties, and price for turning same to be fixed on merit of work and care involved. Roll-edge cups, 1 cent extra per dozen over plain-edge prices. Cups turned to a shape or outline different than that formed by mold in which they are made, shall pay one-half cent extra per dozen over the regular price for turning such size cup. Special China Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Ackers, coffee, plain edge (M. P.)____________________________ __ . 08 Ackers, tea, plain edge (M. P.)______________________________ __ . 07 Astor House coffee_________________________________________ __ . 05 Army coffee_______________________________________________ __ . 06 Atlantic coffee (M. C.)__________________________________ — .08 Atlantic tea (M. C.)________________________________________ __ .07 Austrian, medium coffee (G. P.)_____________________________ __ . 05 Bellfield coffee (B. C.)______________________________________ __ .05 Bellevue coffee_____________________________________________ __ . 05 Bennett coffee, thick__________________________________________ . 05 Berry, hotel_______________________________________________ __ . 06 Boston coffee house, old (extra large Saxon) (G. P.)___________ __ .07 Boston coffee house, new (extra large Saxon) (G. P.)__________ __ .07 Boston or Hub coffee (Ovide style)____________ _________________ . 05 Boston or Hub extra tea (Ovide style)_______________________ __ .05 Boston or Hub tea (Ovide style)_____________________________ __ . 04^4 Boston, special coffee_______________________________________ __ . 05 Bridgewood coffee__________________________________________ __ . 05 Brunswick coffee___________________________________________ __ . 04}^ B. & T _______________________ _______________________________ .043^ cable coffee (same as Army)___________________________________ .06 cable tea, thin_____________________________________________ __ . 0 4 % cable tea, ordinary half thick________________ 1______________ __ . 04J4 Cambridge coffee___________________________________________ __ .06 Cambridge extra tea________________________________________ __ .06 Cambridge tea_____________________________________________ __ . 05 catsup____________________________________________________ __ . 043^ Chicago coffee, half thick_______________________________ ______ . 05 Chicago coffee, thick__________________________________________ . 05H Chinese tea________________________________________________ __ . 0 5 ) 4 coffee house, off block (G. P.)_______________________________ __ .08 coffee, extra thick__________________________________________ __ . 053^ conic coffee, half thick__________ ______________________________ . 043^ conic tea, half thick-------------------------------------------------------------- ----. 0434 Conklin coffee, standard size, half thick___ __________________ __ . 04J^ Conklin coffee, standard size, thick__________________________ __ . 05 Conklin, Chicago coffee_____________________________________ __ . 05 Conklin, Loubat coffee______________________________________ __ . 05 Conklin, St. Louis special coffee_____________________________ __ . 06 Crown Derby coffee________________________________________ __ . 05 Culot coffee, large (G. P.)___________________________________ __ .08 Culot coffee, regular, thick (G. P.)_________ _________________ __ .06 Culot coffee, regular, half thick (G. P.)_______________________ __ .06 Culot A. D., half thick______________________________________ __ . 05 Dolfinger__________________________________________________ __ .05 Doric tea (B. C.)_____________________ _____________________ __ .05 172 the pottery in d u s t r y Per dozen Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups C u ps Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Cups Duane, medium coffee (G. P.)_______________________________ $0. 05 Dutch, medium coffee (G. P.)-----------------------------------------------. 05 extra tea, thick-------------------------------------------------------------------.05 F. & M. coffee_____________________________________________ . 08 F. & M. tea_______________________________________________ . 07 Genesee coffee, thin_________________________________________ . 05 Genesee tea, thin___________________________________________ . 04% Genesee A. D., thin_________________________________________ . 04% •05 Grecian tea________________________________________________ Hart coffee (large Saxon style) (G. P.)-----------------------------------. 06 Harvard coffee_____________________________________________ . 05 Heinz A. D., special footed (S. C.)___________________________ .06 home tea (Soldiers’ Home)__________________________________ . 05 hotel extra tea_____________________________________________ .05 Hub coffee (extra large Saxon) (G. P.)_______________________ .07 Hub or Boston coffee (Ovide style)------------------ --------------------. 05 Hub or Boston extra tea (Ovide style)_______________________ .05 Hub or Boston tea (Ovide style)_____________________________ . 04% James coffee_______________________________________________ . 05 Kansas coffee (S. C.)_______________________________________ Kansas tea (S. C.)__________________________________________ K. & T. berry, hotel________________________________________ . 06 K. & T. coffee_____________________________________________ . 05 K. & W. coffee (S. C.)______________________________________ .05 Marine coffee______________________________________________ . 06 M. C. coffee___ ___________________________________________ . 06 Marshall Fields extra tea____________________________________ .05 Marshall Fields tea_________________________________________ . 04% medicine___________________________________________________ .07 Miller coffee (G. P.)________________________________________ .05 Navy coffee, thin___________________________________________ .05 Navy tea, thin_____________________________________________ . 04% . 04% Navy A. D., thin___________________________________________ Newton coffee______________________________________________ . 05 Palmer House coffee________________________________________ . 06 Paris coffee (S. C.)____________________________ _____________ .05 Pick coffee, half thick________________________________________ .05 . OSJ^J Pick coffee, thick___________________________________________ . 05 Pursell, medium coffee (M. P.)______________________________ Pluton coffee, half thick (B. C.)______________________________ .05 Pluton coffee, thick (B. C.)__________________________________ . 05 Q. M. D. coffee, half thick_________________I________________ . 06 Q. M. C. coffee_____________________________________________ . 06J4 R. C. special coffee, half thick (S. C. & M. C.)___________________ . 05 R. C. special coffee, thick___________________________________ . 05J4 Rialto special coffee, thin (G. P.)________________________ ____ .05 St. Louis coffee (M. P. & M. C.)_____________________________ .05 Samos coffee, half thick (B. C.)______________________________ .05 Samos coffee, thick (B. C.)__________________________________ . 05J4 Savoran extra tea (M. P.)___________________________________ .05 Savoran tea (M. P.)________________________________________ . 04% .06 Saxon coffee, extra large_____________________________________ Saxon coffee, large (Trenton coffee, M. P. size)________________ . 05J4 Saxon coffee, standard size, half thick________________________ . 04J^ Saxon coffee, standard size, thick____________________________ . 05 Saxon coffee, thin__________________________________________ Saxon California coffee______________________________________ . 05 . 05 Saxon New York coffee_____________________________________ Saxon tea, half thick_________________ _______________________ . 04% Saxon tea, thick____________________________________________ . 04 Saxon tea, thin_____________________________________________ Ship coffee_______________ _________________________________ . 08 Ship tea___________________________________________________ . 06% Soldiers’ Home tea__________________________________________ .05 Staple tea, thin_____________________________________________ .05 Thorndyke tea (S. C.)_________ _____________ _________ - ......... .05 APPEN D IX— WAGE AG REEM ENT 173 Per dozen Clips, Trenton coffee, thick, (large Saxon size) (M. P.)__________ ____$0. 053^ Cups, Trenton coffee, half thick, (Ovide style) (G. P.)___________ ____ . 05 Cups, Trenton coffee, thick, (Ovide style) (G. P.)___________________ . 0 5 % Cups, tulip coffee, large___________________________________________ .06 Cups, tulip coffee, regular, thick----------------------------------------------------- . 0 5 % Cups, tulip coffee, regular, half thick____________________ __________ . 05 Cups, tulip coffee, thin____________________________________________ . 0 5 % . 05 Cups, tulip coffee, California______________________________________ Cups, tulip coffee, Majestic_______________________________________ . 05% Cups, tulip coffee, Sham__________________________________________ . 05 .05 Cups, tulip coffee, Shaw__________________________________________ Cups, tulip coffee, low, half thick__________________________________ . 05 Cups, tulip extra tea, regular, half thick____________________________ .05 Cups, tulip extra tea, low, half thick.:__________ ___________________ . 05 Cups, tulip tea, regular, half thick_____________ '___________________ . 0 4 % Cups, tulip tea, low, half thick____________________________________ . 0 4 % Cups, tulip tea, regular, thin______________________________________ . 05 Cups, tulip tea, low, thin_________________________________________ .05 Cups, Victoria coffee, thin (M. C.)_________________________________ . 05 Cups, Victoria tea, thin (M. C .)___________________________________ .05 Cups, Victoria A. D., thin (M. C.)____________________ ____________ . 0 4 % Cups, Whitman coffee____________________________________________ . 05 Cups, Yale coffee, half thick (Ovide style) (G. P.)___________________ .05 Cups, Yale coffee, thick (Ovide style) (G. P.)_______________________ . 05% Custards, B. & O., plain edge______________________________________ . 09 Custards, Burley special, plain edge________________________________ . 09 Custards, cups, plain_____________________________________________ . 09 Custards, butter, plain----------------- ---------------------------------------------- . 09 Custards, face No. 1, plain edge___________________________________ . 09 Custards, No. 2, plain edge_______________________________________ . 09 Custards, face No. 2, plain edge___________________________________ . 09 Custards, face No. 3, plain edge___________________________________ .09 . 09 Custards, hotel No. 1, plain edge__________________________________ Custards, hotel, No. 2, plain edge__________________________________ . 09 Custards, hotel, No. 3, plain edge__________________________________ . 09 Custards, Navy, plain edge______ _________________________________ . 10 Custards, Pacific, foot stuck on and turned (M. P.)_________________ . 14 Custards, regular footed, half thick, plain edge______________________ .09 Custards, small, footed, half thick, plain edge_______________________ .09 Custards, small, plain edge________________________________________ .09 Roll-edge custards, 1 cent extra per dozen over plain edge. . 12 Egg cups, double, turned out of block.__ 1_________________________ Egg cups, two-piece, sticking and turning__________________________ . 15 Egg cups, single, stem foot________________________________________ . 10 Egg cups, shirred, bodies__________________________________________ . 04 Egg cups, shirred, covers_______________________ :__________________ . 10 Egg cups, on stand_______________________________________________ . 25 Egg cups, Navy, small, foot pressed and stuck on (S. C,)____________ . 14 .09 Egg or custard cup, plain, half thick_____ __________________________ Egg or custard cup, half thick, roll edge____________________________ . 10 Egg or custard, plain, thick_______________________________________ . 10 Egg or custard cup, plain, half thick (Belmont)_____________________ .09 Egg or custard cup, plain, half thick (Childs)_______________________ .09 Egg or custard cup, plain, Navy___________________________________ . 10 Egg or custard cup, plain, Victoria_________________________________ . 10 Egg or custard cup, roll edge, Wheat_______________________________ . 10 Horseradish______________________________________________________ . 18 K. & T. berry cups, hotel_________________________________________ . 06 Match safes, conic, No. 1_________________________________________ . 12 Match safes, conic, No. 2 ----- ---------- ------- --------------------------------------. 11 Match safes, conic, No. 3_________________________________________ . 10 Match safes, conic, on round stand________________________________ . 14 Match safes, conic, K. & T. style__________________________________ . 14 Medicine cups__________ _________________________________________ .07 86315°—26----- 12 174 T H E POTTEKY IN D U STRY Per dozen Medicine mugs___________________________________________________$0. 08 .20 Molasses cans, regular____________________________________________ Molasses cans, extra large_________________________________________ .35 Mugs, antique___________________________________________________ . 15 Mugs, automat__________________________________________________ . 07 Mugs, beaker, soda, flared shape, 4 inches tall____ ._________________ . 09 Mugs, barbers, 24's______________________________________________ . 11 Mugs, beef tea, barrel shape_______________________________________ . 10 Mugs, beer, plain, flat bottom_____________________________________ . 09 Mugs, beer, with bottom turned out_______________________________ . 12 Mugs, buffet, 36’s________________________________________________ .07 Mugs, buffet, 30’s________________________________________________ . 08 Mugs, buttermilk, conic shape, 3 % inches tall______________________ . 06J^ Mugs, buttermilk, conic shape, over 3 % inches up to 43^ tall________ . 09 .11 Mugs, cable, 24’s ____________ •____________________________________ Mugs, cable, 30’s -------------------------------------------------------------------------. 10 Mugs, cable, 36’s ________________________________________________ .09 Mugs, cable, 42’s ________________________________________________ .09 Mugs, cafe, straight edge_________________________________________ .09 Mugs, cafe, flanged_______________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, Cambridge, 30’s___________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, chocolate (G. P. No. 117)__________________________________ . 12 Mugs, dairy, 18’s______________ __________________________________ . 12 Mugs, dairy, 24’s-----------------------------------------------------------------------. 11 Mugs, dairy, 30’s________________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, Erie, 30’s_________________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, French, 24’s_________________________________________ ______ . 11 Mugs, French, 30’s______________________ ________________________ . 10 Mugs, French, 36’s______________________ I _______________________ . 09 Mugs, Graham, 24’s, or Philadelphia_______________________________ . 11 Mugs, Graham, 30's, or Philadelphia___________________________ _ .10 Mugs, Hedges, soda, flared shape, 3 % inches tall____________________ . 08 Mugs, Hewes, 24’s_______________________________________________ . 11 Mugs, Hewes, 30’s_______________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, Huyler soda, conic shape, 3 % inches tall-------------------------------- . 06)^2 Mugs, K. & T. or buffet, 36’s_____________________________________ . 07 Mugs. K. & T. or buffet, 30’s_____________________________________ .08 Mugs, Liggetts soda, flared shape, 4 inches tall_____________________ .09 Mugs, medicine__________________________________________________ .08 Mugs, milk, conic shape, 4J^ inches tall____________________________ . 09 Mugs, New York, 24’s____________________________________________ . 11 Mugs, New York, 30’s____________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, Pick soda, conic shape, 3 % inches tall_______________________ . 06^H» Mugs, Philadelphia or Graham, 30’s_______________________________ . 10 Mugs, Searles, 30Js_______________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, soda, conic shape, up to 3 % inches tall______________________ . 06j/£ Mugs, soda, conic shape, over 3 % inches tall up to 4J^______________ . 09 Mugs, soda, flared shape, up to 3 z/ i inches tall_____________________ . 08 Mugs, soda, flared shape, over 3z/ i up to 4 inches tall________________ . 09 Mugs, soda, beaker, flared shape, 4 inches tall______________________ . 09 Mugs, soda, Hedges, flared shape, 3 % inches tall____________________ . 08 Mugs, soda, Huyler, conic shape, 3 % inches tall____________________ . 06 Mugs, soda, Liggetts, flared shape, 4 inches tall_____________________ .09 Mugs, soda, Pick conic shape, 3 % inches tall_______________________ . 06^£ Mugs, Temple___________________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, T. & J----------- ---------------------------------------------------------------.08 Mugs, Vienna, 24’s_____________________________________________ . 11 Mugs, Vienna, 30’s_____________________________________________ . 10 Mugs, Vienna, 36’s_____________________________________________ .09 Mugs, Vienna, 42’s_____________________________________________ . 09 Mugs, Washington, 30’s________________________________________ . 09 Mustards, Anderson or Belmont, bodies__________________________ . 18 Mustards, barrel, 42’s, bodies___________________________________ . 10 Mustards, barrel, 42’s, covers__________________________________ _ .06 Mustards, Belmont or Aiiderson, bodies__________________________ . 18 Mustards, dairy, bodies_________________________________________ .07 Mustards, covers_______________________________________________ . 07 APPENDIX—WAGE AGREEMENT 175 Per dozen $0. 11 Mustards, Government or Vienna, 36’s, bodies____________________ Mustards, Government or Vienna, 36’s, covers____________________ .07 Mustards, ordinary, 36’s, bodies_________________________________ , 11 Mustards, ordinary, 36’s, covers____________ ____________________ .07 Mustards, ordinary, 42’s, bodies_________________________________ . 10 Mustards, ordinary, 42’s, covers_________________________________ .06 Mustards, ordinary, individual, bodies___________________________ . 10 Mustards, individual, covers*____________________________________ .00 . 11 Mustards, Q. M. D. or Vienna, 36’s, bodies_______________________ Mustards, Q. M. D. or Vienna, 36’s, covers_______________________ . 07 . 11 Mustards, Vienna, 36’s, bodies__________________________________ Mugs, Vienna, 36’s, covers______________________________________ . 07 Mugs, Vienna, 42’s, bodies______________________________________ . 10 Mugs, Vienna, 42’s covers______________________________________ .06 . 07 Nappies, plain, 4-inch____________________ ______________________ Nappies, plain, 434-inch________________________________________ . 07 Nappies, plain, 5-inch_______ ___________________________________ . 07 Nappies, Boston, 434-inch_______________________________________ . 07 Nappies, roll edge, 5-inch_______________________________________ . 10J4 Noak butter drainers___________________________________________ . 06 Salads, high foot, 5-inch________________________________________ . 11 Salads, high foot, 6-inch________________________________________ . 13 Salads, high foot, 7-inch________________________________________ . 15 Salads, high foot, 8-inch________________________________________ .20 Salads, high foot, 9-inch________________________________________ .25 .35 Spittoons, high------------------------------------------------------------------------Spittoons, low_________________________________________________ . 30 Steins, beer, plain, flat bottom___________________________________ .09 Steins, beer, bottom turned out____ _____________________________ . 12 . 12 Sugars, round, plain, 24’s, bodies________________________________ Sugars, round, plain, 24’s, covers________________________________ . 07 . 11 Sugars, round, plain, 30’s, bodies________________________________ Sugars, round, plain, 30’s, covers_______________________________ _ . 07 Sugars, round, plain, 36’s, bodies------------------------------------------------. 1034 Sugars, round, plain, 36’s, covers________________________________ . 0634 . 10 Sugars, round, plain, 42’s, bodies________________________________ Sugars, round, plain, 42’s, covers_____ ___________ 7---------------------. 06 Sugars, round, plain, restaurant or individidual, bodies____________ . 10 Sugars, round, plain, restaurant or individual, covers--------------------. 06 Sugars, round, plain, F. & E. uncovered individual, bodies_________ . 07 Sugars, round, roll edge, 1 cent extra per dozen over round plain edge. Sugars, Vienna, 24’s, bodies_____________________________________ . 12 Sugars, Vienna, 24’s, covers_____________________________________ .07 Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, bodies_____________________________________ . 11 Sugars, Vienna, 30’s, covers_____________________________________ . 07 Sugars, Vienna, 36’s, bodies_____________________________________ . 1034 Sugars, Vienna, 36’s, covers_____________________________________ . 0634 Sugars, Vienna, 42’s, bodies--------------------------------------------------------. 10 Sugars, Vienna, 42’s, covers_____________________________________ . 06 Toothpick holders, round_______________________________________ •10 Vases, brush, Vienna (Greenwood style)_________________________ .18 .18 Vases, brush, straight, footed, roll edge (M. P .)---------------------------The turning prices of all similar shape and size articles shall be in accordance with this list. All work shall be proportionately divided among journeyman turners so long as there is any ware to be turned. The capital letters inclosed in parentheses are for reference purposes and desig nate the shop at which the particular article is made and known by the name given. (B. C.)— Buffalo china. (G. P.)— Greenwood pottery. (M. C.)— Mayer china. (M. P.)— Maddock pottery. (S. C.)— Shenango china. (W. C.)— Warwick china.