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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \
BUREAU OF LABO R S T A T I S T I C S / .................
WAGES AND
No. 523
H O U R S OF L A B O R S E R I E S
WAGES AND HOURS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF AIRPLANES
AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES, 1929
/y \
NOVEMBER, 1930
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1930
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
-
Price 10 cents
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction__________________________________________________________
Average hours and earnings, by occupation_________ :__________________
Average hours and earnings in 1929, by district________________________
Classified earnings_____________________________________________________
Regular or customary full-time hours__________________________________
Classified full-time hours______________________________________________
Changes in hours and rates since January 1, 1928---------------------------------Pay for overtime work on Sunday and holidays_______________________
Bonus systems_________ i _____________________________________________
Days actually worked in one week_____________________________________
Growth of the airplane industry_______________________________________
General tables_________________________________________________________
T a b l e A.— Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per
week, average earnings per hour, and per cent of full
time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district__
T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in specified occu
pations, 1929, by sex and district------------------------------T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23 speci
fied occupations, 1929, by sex and district-----------------T a b l e D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week
in 23 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district. _
T a b l e E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 23
specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district_______
Appendix.— Definitions of occupations________________________________
iii
1
2
4
5
7
7
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
28
34
38
44
50
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
NO. 523
WASHINGTON
NOVEMBER, 1930
WAGES AND HOURS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AIRPLANES
AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES, 1929
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the results of the bureau’s first comprehensive
study of wages and hours of labor of wage earners in the airplane
and aircraft-engine industries in the United States.
The information used in this report was collected late in 1929, and
covers 11,079 wage earners employed in 41 representative airplane
plants and 3,290 wage earners employed in 14 representative aircraftengine plants. The airplane plants were located in 21 States and the
engine plants in 8 States.
Early in 1929 the bureau mailed a questionnaire to all airplane
and aircraft-engine manufacturers of record, requesting data per
taining to the number of planes and engines produced in 1928, as
well as to the number of employees as of May, 1929. Replies were
received from 101 airplane manufacturers and 19 engine manufac
turers. In 4 of the 101 plants, engines were manufactured in addition
to the airplanes, making a total of 23 companies reporting the manu
facture of engines. A total of 16,105 wage earners were reported as
employed in the manufacture of airplanes and 5,977 in the manu
facture of engines. Only 78 of the plants above mentioned produced
planes in 1928. Therefore, it will be seen that the present study
embraces approximately 65 per cent of the total number of wage
earners in these two industries. The aircraft study is restricted to
airplanes, thus excluding craft lighter than air.
No data are here shown for the few foundries connected with certain
plants. Figures for “ test pilots” were considered confidential by a
number of manufacturers and consequently have been omitted.
There were eight females employed as inspectors in one engine plant,
but data for these are omitted to avoid publishing averages for one
plant. Hence, the figures for manufacture of aircraft engines are for
male wage earners only.
For purposes of tabulation, the data have been presented by
geographic districts in order not to publish figures for individual
plants.
1
2
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
The States in which airplane or aircraft-engine plants were located
are arranged below by districts:
District
States included
New England_________Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massa
chusetts.
Middle Atlantic.,_____ New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
South Atlantic________ Delaware, Maryland, and West Virginia.
East North Central___Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wis
consin.
West North Central__ Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, and Ne
braska.
West South Central___Arkansas and Oklahoma.
Western______________ Colorado, California, Oregon, and Wash
ington.
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, BY OCCUPATION
Table 1 presents average full-time hours per week, average earn
ings per hour, and average full-time earnings per week for all impor
tant occupations and for a group designated as “ other employees.”
This group includes employees in occupations, each too small in
number of workers to warrant separate presentation.
Airplanes.—The average full-time hours per week for all male wage
earners covered were 47.9, as shown at the end of the first section of
the table. The average for females was 47.3 hours. The average
earnings per hour were 66.9 cents for males and 38.0 cents for females;
and the average full-time earnings per week, $32.05 for males and
$17.97 for females. For both sexes combined, the full-time hours per
week averaged 47.9; average earnings per hour were 66.3 cents; and
average full-time earnings per week, $31.76.
Inspection of the data for the occupations shows that the average
earnings per hour for males ranged from 48.4 cents for helpers to 82.7
cents for inspectors, and for females from 36.7 cents for coverers,
fabric, to 54.0 cents for welders.
Aircraft engines.—The averages for all occupations combined in the
manufacture of engines show the full-time hours per week to be 48.9;
the earnings per tour, 70.6 cents; and the full-time earnings per week,
$34.52.
The averages for the several occupations show that the earnings per
hour range from 42.5 cents for apprentices to 86.1 cents for polishers
and buffers.
T able
1.— Average hours and earnings in the manufacture of airplanes and air
craft engines, 1929, by occupation and sex
AIRPLANES
Occupation and sex
Number Number Average Average
earnings
of estab of em full-time
per per
lishments ployees hours
hour
week
Assemblers, detail, male_________________________
Assemblers, final, male______________________ ____
Cabinetmakers, male____________________________
Cable splicers, male___ -_______________ _____ ____
Coppersmiths, male.................... ................................
Coverers, dural, male____________________________
Coverers, fabric, male_______ ____________________
Coverers, fabric, female............... .............................
Coverers, wood, male............................... ..................
Cowl makers, male................. .................................... |
Drill press operators, male........................................... 1
36
40
23
20
16
11
29
18
37
20
466
680
208
66
60
225
118
159
67
265
82
47.1
47.6
47.1
47.3
47.5
48.9
48.4
47.0
46.7
48.2
48.1
$0,645
.674
.727
.673
.719
.685
.604
.367
.678
.744
.562
Average
full-time
earnings
per week
$30.38
32.08
34.24
31.83
34.15
33.50
29.23
17.25
31.66
35.82
27.03
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, BT OCCUPATION
3
T a b l e 1 . — Average
hours and earnings in the manufacture of airplanes and air
craft engines, 1929, by occupation and sex— Continued
AIRPLANES—Continued
Average Average Average
Number Number full-time
earnings full-time
of estab of em
per per
hour earnings
lishments ployees hours
per week
week
Occupation and sex
Electricians, male________________ _______________
Fitters and np.rinh hands, male
........... ...... .........
Frame builders, male:
Dural fuselage_________ ____ __________ .
Steel fuselage________________________________
Wood fuselage_____________________________ —
i>ural tail
___ . „
_
Steel tail___ _____________ __ ____ __________ _
Wood tail___________________________________
Dural wing_________________________________ _
Wood wing_________________________________ _
Helpers, male__________________________________ _
Inspectors, male____________________________ ____
Laborers, male__________________________________
Lathe operators, male____________________________
Machinists, male_______________________________ .
Milling-rnq.r».hirie operators, male. _______________Painters, hand, male____________________________
Painters, letterers, and stripers, male_____________ Painters, spray, male____________________________
Pattern makers, male ___________________________
Polishers and rubbers, male______________________
Rib builders, dural, male...................................... ......
Rib builders, wood, male_________________________
Rib builders, wood, female___________ __ ______ __
Screw-machine operators, male___________________
Sewing-machine operators, male__________________
Sewing-machine operators, female_________________
Sheet-metal machine operators, male ____________
____________
Sheet-metal workers, hand, male__
Spar builders, dural, male________________________
Spar builders, wood, male________________________
Testers, ground, male____________________________
Toolmakers, male_______________________________
Upholsterers, male_______________ ___________ ___
Welders, male___________________________________
Welders, female_________________________________
Woodworking-machine operators, male____________
Other employees, male__________________________ Other employees, female___________ - _________ All airplane occupations, male. - _______ - _
All airplane occupations, female_____________
All airplane occupations, male and female........
26
34
64
1,152
47.8
47.7
4
33
5
9
20
7
12
34
38
37
37
21
34
19
26
21
38
20
5
7
27
4
14
6
17
28
36
3
19
31
28
31
37
2
33
40
7
41
24
41
67
330
55
84
134
39
217
513
867
271
539
169
195
113
240
28
222
73
19
67
133
17
63
7
42
131
503
42
70
48
264
65
567
3
119
1,148
13
10,845
234
11,079
46.5
47.7
47.2
47.5
49.1
46.5
48.3
47.6
47.6
47.5
48.6
47.2
47.9
48.2
48.5
47.8
48.6
48.2
46.9
48.3
48.3
48.4
48.4
47.8
47.7
49.4
47.8
49.9
47.3
47.6
48.5
47.0
47.8
49.0
47.8
48.0
48.0
47.9
47.3
47.9
114
205
3
41
38
277
404
216
91
210
235
167
74
123
15
161
43
16
49
198
3
57
108
35
241
166
3,290
47.6
49.3
48.3
50.1
47.7
49.2
48.7
49.2
49.3
48.7
48.5
49.2
49.1
49.3
50.5
49.2
48.7
48.9
48.3
49.2
48.8
49.1
49.1
48.2
48.8
49.1
48.9
$0,685
.665
.712
.699
.756
.684
.616
.688
.669
.656
.484
.827.520
.759
.773
.727
.604
.817
.660
.817
.677
.652
.503
.372
.693
.802
.410
.608
.728
.645
.710
.753
.822
.759
.764
.540
.727
.695
.413
.669
.380
.663
$32.74
31.72
33.11
33.34
35.68
32.49
30.24
31.99
32.31
31.23
23.04
39.28
25.27
35.82
37.03
35.04
29.29
39.05
32.05
39.38
31.75
31.49
24.29
18.00
33.54
38.34
19.56
30.04
34.80
32.19
33.58
35.84
39.87
35.67
36.52
26.46
34.75
33.36
19.82
32.05
17.97
31.76
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Apprentices, male_______________________________
Assemblers, male________________________________
Blacksmiths, male ________
______________ _
Boring-mill operators, m ale___ _ _______________
Coppersmiths and tinsmiths, male
_____________
Drill-press operators, m ale_______________________
Fitters and bench hands, male. _________________
Grinding-machine operators, male________________Helpers, male
__________ ____ _______________ _
Inspectors, male_________________________________
Laborers, male__________________________________
Lathe operators, engine, male____________________ Lathe operators, turret, male_____________________
Machinists, male_______________________________ Machinists’ and toolmakers' helpers, male________ Milling-mftfihinft operators, tnalft______ ___________
Packers, male________________ ____ ______________
Paint sprayers, male________ ___________________ _
Polishers and buffers, male______ _________________
Screw-machine operators, male___________________
Sheet-metal machine operators, male______________
Testers, male____________________________________
Toolmakers, male____________________________ ___
Other precision-machine operators, male___________
Other skilled employees, male____________________
Other employees, male__________________________ All aircraft engine occupations, male.................
5
13
3
5
3
11
12
11
8
11
11
11
6
10
3
10
9
4
5
8
2
12
10
4
13
13
14
$a425
.714
.728
.814
.762
.672
.628
.791
.537
.753
.526
.783
.742
.795
.528
.749
.594
.675
.861
.781
.709
.783
.844
.756
.849
.630
.706
$20.23
35.20
35.16
40.78
36.35
33.06
30.58
38.92
26.47
36.67
25.51
38.52
36.43
39.19
26.66
36.85
28.93
3a 01
41.59
38.43
34.60
38.45
41.44
36.45
41.43
30.93
34.52
4
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS IN 1929, BY DISTRICT
The figures in Table 2 show average full-time hours per week,
average earnings per hour, and average full-time weekly earnings for
all males, for all females, and for both sexes combined in each indus
try and for each district.
Airplanes.—Average full-time hours in the airplane plants are
lowest in the Western district, the average for the 1,888 males reported
being 46.5 hours per week, and for the 86 females 45.1 hours per week.
The highest full-time hours are shown for the West South Central
district, where the average is 50.8 for males and 51.8 for females.
The highest hourly earnings are for the 1,307 male wage earners in
the East North Central district, who received an average of 70.5 cents
per hour, and the lowest earnings for males, 55.3 cents per hour, were
in the West South Central district. The average hourly earnings for
females range from 26 cents in the West North Central district to 41.7
cents in the Western district. The average earnings for both sexes
combined range from 54.7 cents in the West South Central district to
70.3 cents in the East North Central district.
The full-time earnings per week for males range from $28.06 in the
West North Central district to $33.91 in the East North Central dis
trict; for females, from $12.97 in the West North Central district to
$19.58 in the Middle Atlantic district.
Full-time earnings for both sexes combined range from $27.72 in
the West North Central district to $33.81 in the East North Central
district.
Aircraft engines.—The aircraft-engine establishments visited ware
located in four districts only. The average full-time hours per week
range from 48 for the 1,831 employees in the Middle Atlantic district
to 50.2 for the 704 employees in the New England district.
The average hourly earnings for the employees range from 65.9
cents in the New England district to 78.4 cents in the Western district,
and the full-time earnings range from $33.08 per week in the New
England district to $38.96 in the Western district.
T a b l e 2. — Average
hours and earnings in the manufacture of airplanes and air
craft engines, 1929, by sex and district
AIRPLANES
[See definition of districts, p. 2]
Sex and district
Average Average Average
Number Number full-time
of estab of em hours per earnings full-time
earnings
per hour per
lishments ployees
week
week
MALES
New England......................................................... .
Middle Atlantic............................................................
South Atlantic..............................................................
East North Central......................................................
West North Central....... .............................................
West South Central.................................................
Western*_______________________________________
4
9
4
Total....................................................................
4
4
688
4,816
857
1,307
1,011
278
1,888
47.9
47.6
50.6
48.1
48.3
50.8
46.5
$0,642
.695
.641
.705
.581
.553
.666
$30.75
33.08
32.43
33.91
28.06
28.09
30.97
41
10,845
47.9
.669
32.05
8
8
5
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
T able
2.— Average hours and earnings in the manufacture of airplanes and air
craft engines, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
AIRPLANES—Continued
Average Average Average
Number Number full-time
of estab of em hours per earnings full-time
earnings
lishments ployees
per hour per
week
week
Sex and district
FEMALES
New England______ ____ ________________________
Middle Atlantic............................... ..........................
South Atlantic__________________________________
East North Central.......................................... ..........
West North Central............... .....................................
West South Central................................... ..................
Western________________________________________
3
7
2
2
5
2
3
74
27
7
23
8
86
48.3
47.3
49.7
49.6
49.9
51.8
45.1
$0,361
.414
.318
.330
.260
.342
.417
$17.44
19.58
15.80
16.37
12.97
17.72
18.81
Total___________ _____ ____________ ___ ____
24
234
47.3
.380
17.97
New England...............................................................
Middle Atlantic............................................................
South Atlantic_______________________ ____ ______
East North Central........ ......... ....................................
West North Central....................................................
West South Central.....................................................
Western............ ............................................. ..............
4
4
8
8
4
4
697
4,890
884
1,314
1,034
286
1,974
47.9
47.6
50.6
48.1
48.3
50.9
46.4
.639
.691
.632
.703
.574
.547
.656
30.61
32.89
31.98
33.81
27.72
27.85
30.44
Total________ ________- ____ _______ ________
41
11,079
47.9
.663
31.76
9
MALES AND FEMALES
9
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
MALES
New England___________________________________
Middle Atlantic............................................................
East North Central___________ ______ ____________
Western________________________________________
2
2
7
3
704
1,831
569
186
50.2
48.0
49.8
49.7
$0,659
.702
.748
.784
$33.08
33.73
37.25
38.96
Total____________________ _________________
14
3,290
48.9
.706
34.52
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS
In Table 3 are presented the average earnings per hour and a
percentage distribution, by average earnings per hour, of the employ
ees in 16 of the most important occupations in the airplane industry and
in 7 occupations in the aircraft-engine industry. The 16 occupations
represent 60 per cent of all the wage earners covered in airplane
plants, while the 7 occupations represent 47 per cent of all the
wage earners engaged in the manufacture of aircraft engines. The
purpose of this table is to illustrate the range of hourly earnings. The
spread is much the same in the other occupations.
The data shown on the first line are for *‘ assemblers, final, male.”
The 40 establishments in which the occupation was found employed a
total of 680 wage earners in the occupation, as shown by the first two
columns of the table. The next column shows that the average
earnings per hour were 67.4 cents. Continuing, it will be observed
that less than 1 per cent of the employees in this occupation earned
25 and under 30 cents per hour; 1 per cent earned 30 and under 35
cents; less than 1 per cent 35 and under 40 cents; 3 per cent 40 and
under 45 cents, etc. The last figure for this occupation shows that
4 per cent earned $1 and under $1.25 per hour.
T a b l e 3 . — Average
and classified earnings per hour of employees in 23 specified occupations in the manufacture of airplanes and aircraft
engines, 1929, by sex
AIRPLANES
Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Aver
age
85
90
95
55
65
70
75
80
35
50
40
45
30
20
earn
25
Estab Em ings and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and cents
lish ploy- per under under under under under under under under under under under under under under under and
80
90
95 under
60
70
75
85
40
45
50
55
35
25
30
ments
hour
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1
Number of—
Occupation and sex
330
513
867
271
539
195
.656
.484
.827
.520
.773
0)
0)1
0)
<9
4
20
0)
1
16
P)
.410
.728
.822
.764
119
.727
19
0)
16
2
26
13
1
1
11
9
0)
0)
14
0)25
0)
(*)
0)3
2
5
19
14
0)
<»)3
4
A IRCRAFT ENGINES
Assemblers, male
Fitters and bench hands, male..
Grinding-machine operators,
male
___
Inspectors male . . .
.. .
TifthrtrAM TTlftlft
Lathe operators, engine, male—.
Machinists male
- - ___
i Less than 1 per cent.
13
12
205 $0,714
.628
404
11
11
11
11
10
216
210
235
167
123
.791
.753
.526
.783
.795
0)
0)
1
8
0)
2
1?
0)
ENGINES
42
15
19
6
25
2
9
222
503
264
567
13
11
12
15
3
14
0)
AIRCRAFT
$0,674
.604
.744
.665
AND
118
265
1,152
AIRPLANES
Assemblers, final, male_______
Coverers, fabric, m a le ........... .
Cowl makers, male...................
Fitters and bench hands, male.
Frame builders:
Steel fuselage, male............ .
Wood wing, male............... .
Helpers, male.............................
Inspectors, male....... ........... .....
Laborers, male.......................
Machinists, male......................
Painters, spray, male................
Sewing-machine operators, fe
male---------------------------------Sheet-metal workers, hand,
male__....................................
Toolmakers, male... ..................
Welders, male................- ...........
Woodworking-machine opera
tors, m a le ..............................
$1 $1.25 $1.50
and and and $2
un un un and
der der der over
$1.25 $1.50 $1.75
1
2
0)
0)
0)
9
10
7
7
4
2
8
2
9
20
11
8
5
3
2
2
7
14
4
15
15
26
15
22
18
11
15
7
15
2
7
1
1
1
43
1
2
1
19
2
1
5
9
6
2
1
7
11
3
10
7
20
24
3
24
11
22
18
16
16
21
24
13
23
0)
CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS
7
REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY FULL-TIME HOURS
The customary full-time hours per day and per week are those
recognized as constituting full running time when the plant is in
regular operation. This excludes the time taken for the midday
meal and overtime, but ncludes lost time for any cause. Changes in
the customary hours for a period of three months or ess in the year
were not considered in determining the full-time hours of a plant.
Where the change was for more than three months the average hours
per week for the whole year were used in computing full-time hours.
The average full-time hours per week for an occupation were
obtained by adding the full-time hours of each employee in the
occupation and dividing the total by the number of employees in the
occupation. These customary full-time hours must not be confused
with hours actually worked. An employee may have worked more
than full time by working the regular full-time hours on each day of
the week and working overtime on one or more days in the week.
Again, he may have worked less than full time in a week because of
sickness, disability, voluntary absence, or because he was employed
only part of the week The report does not attempt to indicate the
reason for fiiore or less than full time actually worked.
CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS
Table 4 shows for the same occupations appearing in Table 3 the
average full-time hours per week and the per cent of employees in
each occupation working each specified number of full-time hours.
The average full time of the 680 “ assemblers, final, male,” shown on
the first line, was 47.6 hours per week. The distribution shows that 4
per cent of the 680 employees had full time of 40 hours per week; 6
per cent full time of 44 hours, etc. Only 2 per cent had full time as
much as 54 hours per week.
T a b l e 4 . — Average
and classified full-time hours per week in 28 specified occupations
in the manufacture of airplanes and aircraft engines, 1929, by sex
AIRPLANES
Number
of—
Occupation and sex
Aver
age
full
time
Estab Em hours
lish ploy- per 40
ments
week
Assemblers, final, male___
Coverers, fabric, male____
Cowl makers, male.......... .
Fitters and bench hands,
male..........................—
Frame builders, steel fuse
lage, male............ ...........
Frame builders, wood \
wing, male...................—
Helpers, male.....................
Inspectors, male................
Laborers, male. I...............
Machinists, male...............
Painters, spray, male........
Sewing-machine opera
tors, female.....................
Sheet-metal workers, hand,
male................................
Toolmakers, male..............
Welders, male....................
W oodworking-machine
operators, male...............
» Less than 1 per cent.
118
265
47.6
48.4
48.2
1,152
47.7
330
47.7
513
867
271
539
195
47.6
47.6
47.5
48.6
47.9
48.6
222
17
42
47.7
503
264
,567
47.8
48.5
47.8
119
47.8
Per cent of employees whose full-time hours
per week were—
44
Over
Over
Over
48,
45,
50,
45 un 47 47H 48 un 50 un 54 55 60
der
der
der
47
50
54
0)
0)
10
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
T a b l e 4 . — Average
and classified full-time hours per week in 28 specified occupations
in the manufacture of airplanes and aircraft engines, 1929, by sex— Con.
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Number
of—
Occupation and sex
Assemblers, male............. .
Fitters and bench hands,
male................................
Grinding-machine opera
tors, male...................... .
Inspectors, male................
Laborers, male................. .
Lathe operators, engine,
male................................
Machinists, male............. .
Aver
age
full
time
Estab Em hours
lish. ploy- per 40
week
ments
205
49.3
404
48.7
Per cent of employees whose full-time hours
per week were—
44
Over
Over
Over
45,
48,
50,
45 un 47 47^ 48 un 50 un 54 55
der
der
der
47
54
50
216 ! 49.2
210 , 48.7
235 48.5
167 I 49.2
123 I 49.3
The customary hours per day differ as between the several estab
lishments. There are different hours for beginning and ending the
day’s work, and different lengths of the period allowed for lunch.
Table 5 shows all of the variations in the customary hours of the
various plants in each industry, Monday to Friday, and on Saturday,
as well as the difference in the regular hours per week.
The length of the regular day in the airplane plants ranged from
8 to 9%o hours, while the hours per week ranged from 40 to 54. The
regular hours of the plants in the aircraft engine industry ranged
from 8%o to 10 per day and had a range per week from 47K to 55 hours.
In five establishments in the airplane industry and in two in the
aircraft-engine industry the regular days of operation were only five
per week. In three establishments in the airplane industry hours
were the same on Saturday as on Monday to Friday. In 33 airplane
plants and 12 of the 14 aircraft-engine plants hours were less on
Saturday than on other days.
A 5-day week (Monday to Friday) of 8 hours was in operation in
one airplane plant in the East North Central district; of 9% hours
in one in the New England district and in two in the Middle At
lantic district; and of 9%0 hours in one plant in the Middle Atlantic
district. In two aircraft-engine plants the regular days of operation
were 5 per week, one had a 9K-hour day or 47K-hour week and the
other a 10-hour day or 50-hour week.
Eight airplane and 5 engine plants were operating on the basis of
9 hours per day from Monday to Friday and 5 hours on Saturday;
seven airplane plants and one engine plant were operating 48 hours
per week, with the hours of work varying as follows: One plant in
the West South Central district was operating 8% hours Monday to
Friday and 4% hours on Saturday; two plants in the West South
Central district were operating 8 hours per day on all six days, one
airplane plant and one engine plant each in the Middle Atlantic dis
trict were operating 8%o hours Monday to Friday and 4 hours on
Saturday, while there were one each in the New England and South
Atlantic district operating 8% hours from Monday to Friday and
4)i hours on Saturday.
9
CHANGES IN HOURS AND RATES
Twenty-seven of the 41 airplane plants have full-time hours rang
ing from 47 to 50 per week and in the aircraft-engine industry the
full-time hours of 13 of the 14 plants ranged from 47% to 50 per week.
T a b l e 5 . — Number
of establishments working specified full-time hours per week
and per day in the manufacture of airplanes and aircraft engines, 1929
AIRPLANES
Number of establishments in each district working specified
hours per day and week
Full-time hours
Per day
Per week
40_______
44________
45_______
45H ______
46H ______
47_______
47H ______
47H ______
48________
48________
48________
48_______
48..__ ___
49H______
50________
51________
52H______
53..............
64____ ___
Mon
day to
Friday
Total
Satur
day
8
8
8
8
0
4
5
5H
8H
m
8H
9H
8H
8
4
4H
8Mo
9Mo
8H
9
9
9H
9H
9H
9
5
0
4H
8
4
0
4M
4H
5
4H
East
West
West
New
Middle South
North
North
South
England Atlantic Atlantic Central Central Central Western
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
4%
1
5H
9
1
Total .
1
2
4
9
,
2
3
1
2
1
4
8
8
4
4
1
3
3
1
2
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
4
8
1
1
1
1
41
A IR C RA FT ENGINES
47H-48
4SM©~
49H-60.— .
60----55___
Iff.
9Mo
9
10
9
10
Total.
0
4
4Mo
m
0
5
5
14
CHANGES IN HOURS AND RATES SINCE JANUARY 1, 1928
The companies were asked if there had been any change in the
regular hours of work, or any change in wage rates since January 1,
1928. The replies to the inquiry regarding the change of hours
showed that only 3 of the 55 plants covered had made a change.
One of the three made a change in hours per week. This plant,
located in the South Atlantic district, changed from 8K hours per day
Monday to Friday and 4% Saturday to 9 hours per day Monday to
Friday and 4K on Saturday. This lengthened the week from 47
hours to 49K hours. Two plants changed the daily but not the
weekly hours. These were both located in the Middle Atlantic
district. One changed from 8 K o hours each day Monday to Friday
and 4% hours on Saturday, to 9%o hours each day Monday to Friday
10
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
with no work on Saturday, the length of the week remaining 48 hours;
the other changed from 9 hours per day Monday to Thursday, 8 hours
on Friday with no work on Saturday, to 8 hours per day Monday to
Friday and 4 hours on Saturday; the week thus remained unchanged
at 44 hours.
Only one of the 55 plants covered, an airplane plant, made any
material change in wage rates. In this plant the minimum rates were
changed on December 1, 1929, by an increase of 16% per cent, while all
employees at rates higher than the minimum were given an increase
of 5 per cent.
PAY FOR OVERTIME AND WORK ON SUNDAY AND HOLI
DAYS
Any time worked by an employee in excess of the regular full-time
hours per day is considered overtime. In the seven plants which
regularly worked but five days per week, any time worked on Satur
day was considered overtime.
Nineteen of the forty-one airplane plants and 9 of the 14 engine
plants paid increased rates for overtime. One of the airplane plants
paid extra only for work on Sunday or holidays, the rate for such
work being one and one-half times the regular rate. One plant paid
each employee his regular rate for each hour of overtime up to 7 p. m.
Monday to Friday, to 2 p. m. Saturday, or mealtime on Sunday or
holidays. For any time thereafter on any day he was paid 50 cents,
and also his regular rate per hour.
All of the other plants paid overtime rates for any work after the
regular hours per day, the rates being one and one-fourth times the
regular rate in 4 plants, one and one-half times the regular rate in 21
plants, and in 1 plant one and one-half times the regular rate from the
regular quitting time until midnight and twice the regular rate for
any work after midnight. For Sunday and holiday work 1 plant
paid one and one-fourth times the regular rate, 22 paid time and onehalf, and 4 paid double time.
Table 6 shows the number of establishments which paid extra for
overtime or for Sunday and holiday work, the employees entitled to
such pay, the conditions under which the extra amounts were paid,
and the rate for such work. It will be observed that all employees
do not fare alike in many cases.
BONtTS SYSTEMS
T a b le
11
6 .— Number of establishments paying extra for overtime and for Sunday
and holiday work, employees entitled, and amounts of increase, 1929
AIRPLANES
Payment for
Overtime on week days
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
on
Sun
day
and
holi
days:
Hourly
rate multi Hour*
plied by— lyrate
mul
ti
plied
Employees entitled to extra pay
All except salaried........................
All except salaried and laborers...
All..
Regular hours per day.
d o...........................
.do............................
-do..
.do..
-do..
All except salaried maintenance, painters,
and carpenters, concrete finishers, and
laborers other than maintenance labor
ers and sandblasters.
.do..
All productive labor____________________
.do..
'All except sweepers (day)............................
-do..
All except sweepers (night)..........................
.do..
All except salaried.............................., .........
.do..
___ do.............................................................
___ do................. ................................. ........ 60 hours per week.......................
All except janitors......................................... 50 hours per week and full time
on Sunday and holidays.
7 p. m. Monday to Friday,
All..
2 p. m. Saturday or past anr
meal time on Sunday or
days.
All hourly men..
Regular hours per day................
SX hours Monday to Friday,
All productive. .
5 hours Saturday.
8 hours Monday to Friday,
All shop employees..
5X hours Saturday.
All except salaried, electricians and mill Regular hours per day------------wright helpers, maintenance carpenters
and electricians, stock handlers and ele
vator men.
*1H
ix
lX
*1X
lX
IX
1X
m
n x
nx
•a
nx
IH
1H
1X
IX
IX
lX
IX
lX
IH
lX
IH
»1
IH
lH
m
IX
IX
IX
lX
m
A IR C RA FT ENGINES
AIL.
_do_.
All except porters.
All......................... .
..... d o ..._________
Regular hours per d a y ..
/ — do________________
(.Midnight_____________
Regular hours per day.,
do________________
-do..
*1]
2
*1}
1]
IH
IX
VX
2
IX
i Any work on Saturday is considered overtime.
* Also 1 hour's extra pay at regular rate.
* And 50 cents extra if overtime extended beyond 7 p. m. Monday to Friday, 2 p. m. Saturday, or
beyond mealtime Sunday and holidays.
BONUS SYSTEMS
A bonus is pay in addition to a wage earner's usual earnings at
stipulated time or piece rates. Three plants had bonus systems in
operation at the t.me of the study. Two of these systems were based
on production of work in less time than a standard set for the perormance of the job; the th.rd system was based on attendance.
The time standard for the various units, pieces, parts, or kinds of
work in the two plants was established by a time study of the different
kinds of work. In one of the two plants one-half of the time rate
was paid to the employees in the fuselage, machine-shop, sheet-metal,
and wing departments for each hour's work saved. In the other
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
12
plant the time set for a job includes fatigue time and is based on 100
per cent efficiency or the number of pieces set by a time study as
the standard work for a 9-hour or 540-minute day. The bonus is
paid to production employees and begins when the output of an em
ployee reaches a 70 per cent efficiency, the bonus for this attain
ment being 4 per cent. This rate increases seven-tenths of 1 per
cent for each additional per cent of efficiency, thus, the employee
would earn 25 per cent more than his regular rate for 100 per cent
efficiency. In the third plant a bonus of 10 per cent of earnings at
basic rates was paid to any employee who had been absent not more
than half an hour during the week.
DAYS ACTUALLY WORKED IN ONE WEEK
Table 7 presents for 23 representative occupations the number of
plants in which the occupation was found, the number of employees,
the average number of calendar days actually worked in one week,
and the per cent of employees who worked on each specified number
of days in one week. Any part of a calendar day upon which an
employee performed work was counted a day.
The first line of the table shows that the occupation “ assemblers,
final, male,” was found in 40 of the 41 airplane plants covered in the
study. The second column of data shows that 680 wage earners were
in this occupation, and the third column that the whole group worked
an average of 5.5 calendar days in a week. Continuing on the same
line it will be observed that 1 per cent of the employees in the occu
pation worked on 1 day only, 1 per cent on 2 days, 1 per cent on 3
days, 5 per cent on 4 days, 30 per cent on 5 days, 60 per cent on 6 days,
and 3 per cent on 7 days.
The table does not undertake to show whether the short week of
certain workers is due to voluntary idleness or to other reasons which
may or may not have been within the control of the employee.
7 . — Average number of days in one week on which employees worked in
specified occupations and per cent of employees who worked on each specified
number of days in one week in the manufacture of airplanes and aircraft engines,
1929, by sex
T a b le
AIRPLANES
Number of—
Occupation and sex
Assemblers, final, male.......................
Coverers, fabric, male.............................
Cowl makers, male.................................
Fitters and bench hands, m ale..-.........
Frame builders, steel fuselage, male___
Frame builders, wood wing, male.........
Helpers, male..........................................
Inspectors, male.....................................
Laborers, male........................................
Machinists, male....................................
Painters, spray, male............................
Sewing-machine operators, female........
Sheet-metal workers, hand, m ale.........
Toolmakers, male....... ......... .................
Welders, male............. ........... ................
Woodworking-machine operators, male.
1 Less than 1 per cent.
Estab
lish
ments
Average Per cent of employees who worked
each specified number of days
number
of days
Em worked
ployin 1
week
118
265
1,152
330
513
867
271
539
195
222
42
503
264
567
119
5.5
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.$
5.6
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.6
GROWTH OF AIRPLANE INDUSTRY
13
7.— Average number of days in one week on which employees worked in
specified occupations and per cent of employees who worked on each specified
number of days in one week in the manufacture of airplanes and aircraft engines,
1929, by sex— Continued
T able
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Occupation and sex
Assemblers, male
__________________
Fitters and bench hands, male________—
Grinding-machine operators, male___ __
Inspectors, male_______________________
Laborers, male.. _____________________
Lathe operators, male___ _____________
Machinists, male______________________
Number of— Average Per cent of employees who worked
each specified number of days
nnmbftr
of days
Estab Em worked
in 1
lish
ploy
2
3
5
6
7
1
4
ees
week
ments
13
12
11
11
11
11
10
205
404
216
210
235
167
123
5.7
5.2
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
1
0)
8
0)
(0 *
0)
l
1
1
wi
1
2
2
3
8
4
4
3
5
3
28
54
46
48
46
55
38
60
35
41
45
48
34
55
7
2
8
2
2
5
1Less than 1 per cent.
GROWTH OP THE AIRPLANE INDUSTRY
The United States Census Bureau showed data for the airplane
industry for the first time in 1914. At that time the airplane was only
beginning to show its commercial possibilities. The World War
caused much time and money to be given to research and the develop
ment of aircraft, both for civil and military use. As a result the 1919
Census of Manufactures, which came just after the war, revealed
that the number of factories had almost doubled and that the number
of wage earners was 21 times more than in 1914.
Table 8 contains information published by the Census Office for
each census year from 1914 to 1927, relating to the number of airplane
establishments, the number of wage earners, the amounts paid for
wages, the average wage per year, the cost of materials used, and the
value of the products. Figures for 1929, the last census year, are not
yet available. The figures in the table indicate forcefully the radical
changes that have taken place in the industry. In 1914 the census
showed only 16 establishments employing 168 wage earners, while in
1919 there were 31 establishments and 3,543 wage earners. The
depression year of 1921 brought employment down to 1,395 wage
earners. In 1923 wage earners numbering 2,901 were employed.
This number nearly equalled the employment in 1919. In 1925 the
number decreased to 2,701 wage earners. In 1927 the number of
workers employed had increased to 4,422, the largest employment in
the history of the industry up to that time. From 1921 there has been
a steady increase in the number of plants manufacturing airplanes, the
table showing an increase from 21plants in 1921 to 70 plants in 1927.
The number of wage earners published in previous years by the
Census Office, as shown in Table 8, is the average employment for
the year and therefore not strictly comparable with the figures
obtained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May, 1929, details
of which are described on page 1, when there were 22,082 employees
in the industry. This figure represents conditions probably at the
highest point of employment of the year 1929,
3248°— 30------ 2
14
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
T a b l e 8 .—
Number of establishments and wage earners, wages, cost of materials,
and value of products in the airplane industry, 1914 to 1927
[Data from the United States Census of Manufactures]
Wage
Number
earners
of estab (average
lishments number)
V
Census year
1914...........................
1919. - ......................
1921_________ _____
1923...........................
1925...........................
1927 2............. ..........
16
31
21
33
44
70
168
3,543
1,395
2,901
2,701
4,422
Total wages
paid
Average
wages per
wage
earner
$134,827
4,906,740
2,202,307
4,521,949
4,222,151
6,857,014
i Including cost of fuel, electric power, and shop supplies.
$803
1,385
1,579
1,559
1,563
1,551
Cost of
materials1
Value of
products
$133,939
7,126.965
2,407,395
3,829,574
2,869,967
7,517,183
789,872
14,372,643
6,641,988
12,945,263
12,524,719
21,161,853
2 Data for 1929 not available.
Statistics are not available to indicate the increase in the com
mercial use of the airplane except for the period since 1926. As
the census figures include production of all planes built, whether for
military or for commercial use, the available data for the commercial
part of the industry are given separately in Table 9, which table shows
data for civil aviation in the United States for each of the four years
from 1926 to 1929. The figures are for the number of planes in the
transport service, the number of passengers carried, the number of
miles flown, the number of miles of commercial airways, the number
of miles of lighted airways, the number of gas and electric beacons,
and the number of commercial and private airports.
The number of planes increased from 69 in 1926 to 525 in 1929;
passengers carried, from 5,782 in 1926 to 173,405 in 1929; and the
number of miles flown from approximately 4,300,000 in 1926 to more
than 25,000,000 in 1929. The mileage of commercial airways increased
from 8,404 in 1926 to 36,000 in 1929. In 1926/ 2,041 miles of these
were lighted while in 1929 there were 12,448 miles lighted. The
number of beacons increased from 612 in 1926 to 1,311 in 1929 and
the number of airports, including both commercial and private, from
263 in 1927 to 495 in 1929. The number of airports in 1926 was
not shown.
T able
Year
1926..................... .
1927.......................
1928......................
1929.......................
9.— Civil aviation in the United States, 1926 to 1929 1
Number
of planes
in trans
port
service
69
128
325
2525
Passengers
carried on
transport
lines
5,782
8,679
49,713
2 173,405
Mileage of Mileage of
Airplane miles commercial
flown by all airways in
lighted
operators
airways
operation
4,318,087
5,870,489
10,673,450
225,141,499
1 Data from Mar. 22,1930, number of “ Aviation.”
2 U. S. Department of Commerce Yearbook, 1930.
8,404
9,122
16,667
36,000
2,041
4,468
6,988
12,448
Electric
and gas
beacons
Commer
cial and
private
airports
612
760
1,188
1,311
263
385
495
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
15
GENERAL TABLES
In addition to the preceding text tables data as to days, hours, and
earnings of wage earners by occupations and districts are presented
in five general tables, as follows:
T able A.—Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1929, by occupa
tion, sex, and district.
The purpose of this table is to show all of the 1929 averages that
have been computed for the employees in each occupation in both
industries in each district and for the employees in all occupations
combined, of each industry in each district; to present in parallel
columns “ average full-time hours per week,” “ average hours actually
worked in one week,” and the “ per cent of full time worked” ; and to
make easy the comparison of the figures, one district with another.
“ Average full-time earnings per week” and “ average actual earnings
in one week” are presented in the last two columns of the table. One
column shows the average amount that each employee would have
earned in one week had all employees in an occupation, a district, or
the industry worked full time at the same average earnings per hour
as was earned in the hours actually worked in the one week covered
by the study. The other column shows the amount actually earned
in one week.
T able B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified
occupations, 1929, by sex and district (p. 28).
T able C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23
specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district (p. 34).
T able D.—Average and classified hours actually worked in one
week in 23 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district (p. 38).
T able E.—Average and classified actual earnings in one week in
23 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district (p. 44).
16
A IR P L A N E S A N D A IR C R A F T E N G IN E S
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per weeky average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district
T able
AIRPLANES
Occupation, sex, and district
Assemblers, detail, male:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic............. .............
East North Central........... ......
West North Central_________
West South Central___ ______
Western____ - __ - ____ - __ —
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
age
Per
full
age
full hours cent of earn time actual
earn
time actually lull
ings earn ings
hours worked time
per
ings
in 1
in 1 worked hour
per
per
week week
week week
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
2
9
4
8
8
2
3
13
114
31
37
44
13
214
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.9
47.7
46.5
49.8
47.8
48.0
51.8
46.5
46.0
48.6
46.7
44.0
46.4
48.1
45.7
96.4 $0.626 $29.86
.728 33.85
104.5
.632 31.47
93.8
.586 28.01
92.1
.569 27.31
96.7
.509 26.37
92.9
.635 29.53
98.3
$28.80
35.37
29.53
25.77
26.38
24.50
29.03
36
466
5.6
47.1
46.5
98.7
.645
30.38
29.97
Assemblers, final, male:
New TCtigland
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic___
East North Central.... *,
West North Central_________
West South Central.................
Western____________________
4
9
3
8
8
4
4
46
276
18
109
88
25
118
4.9
5.5
5.8
5.3
5.5
6.0
5.8
48.2
47.8
49.2
47.0
48.1
50.6
46.1
43.5
51.3
51.5
45.2
46.3
50.5
45.8
90.2
107.3
104.7
96.2
96.3
99.8
99.3
.681
.720
.806
.698
.539
.520
.646
32.82
34.42
39.66
32.81
25.93
26.31
29.78
29.64
36.95
41.57
31.56
24.95
26.28
29.59
Total_________ ___________
Total......................................
40
680
5.5
47.6
48.2
101.3
.674
32.08
32.49
Cabinet makers, male:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic_____________
South Atlantic______ ________
East North Central__________
West North Central_________
Western____________________
2
9
2
3
4
3
24
121
22
8
7
26
5.0
5.4
5.9
6.0
5.4
5.7
47.6
46.6
49.7
48.7
48.9
45.8
45.6
49.4
49.1
50.6
42.7
43.7
95.8
106.0
98.8
103. 9
87.3
95.4
. 712
.746
.667
.692
. 577
.750
33.89
34.76:
33.15
33.70
28.22
34.35
32.47
36.87
32.73
35.04
24.63
32.78
Total......................................
23
208
5.5
47.1
48.0
101.9
.727
34.24
34.93
Cable splicers, male:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic___ - ____ ____
South Atlantic_____ _________
East North Central..................
West North Central.................
W estern..__________________
3
7
3
2
2
3
4
33
5
3
3
18
5.3
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.9
48.3
47.2
49.1
50.0
47.5
46.4
46.7
51.6
45.5
46.7
44.1
46.0
96.7
109.3
92.7
93.4
92.8
99.1
.671
.685
.589
.616
.620
.689
32.41
32.33
28.92
30.80
29.45
31.97
31.32
35.37
26.82
28.74
27.33
31.67
Total___________ __________
20
66
5.7
47.3
48.8
103.2
.673
31.83
32.80
Coppersmiths, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic..........................
East North Central..................
Western____________________
1
8
3
3
1
0)
27
6
5
«
0)
5.3
5.2
6.4
0)
(l)
46.8
49.6
51.9
(l)
0)
47.3
43.5
52.5
(l)
0)
101.1
87.7
101.2
0) .
0)
.726
.643
898
V)
(0
33.98
31.89
46.60
0)
0)
34.37
27.95
47.14
0)
Total......................................
16
50
5.4
47.5
46.8
98.5
.719
34.15
33.59
Coverers, dural, male:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic___________
South Atlantic.........................
East North Central__________
W e ste rn .......___ _______
1
4
2
3
1
0)
127
12
34
0)
0)
5.2
5.5
5.2
0)
0)
51.5
50.8
42.7
0)
0)
51.0
49.6
42.6
0)
0)
99.0
97.6
99 8
0)
0)
.665
.797
.789
0)
0)
34.25
40.49
33.69
0)
<9
33.94
39.57
33.61
0)
Total_____________________
11
225
5.3
48.9
48.5
99.2
.685
33.50
33.17
iData included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
GENERAL TABLES
17
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T a b le
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Aver
age
number
Num Num of days
ber of ber of
on
estab
which
lish
em
ments
ployees
worked
in i
week
Coverers, fabric, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic..........
East North CentralWest North Central..
West South Central..
Western......................
Total...
9
35
13
32
20
0)
29
Coverers, fabric, female:
New England............
Middle Atlantic....... .
South Atlantic......... .
East North CentralWest North Central..
West South Central..
Western.................... .
Total..,
5.4
0)5.3
0)
0)
45.8
51.6
47.5
47.9
45.5
46.7
0)
95.0 $0,554 $26.70
108.4
.650 30.94
94.4
.668 33.60
96.8
.570 28.22
97.6
.605 28.19
93.2
.432 21.64
0)
<l)
(*)
48.4
48.3
100.0
.604
29.23
29.15
0)
44.3
52.9
(0
93.1
107.1
0)
17.80
13.09
16.57
14.01
53.4
43.6
£ .3
104.7
97.1
<9
.374
.265
0)
.264
.376
.408
A
19.18
18.32
11.98
20.04
17.82
0)
0)
5.5
6.0
5.9
159
5.6
47.0
44.7
95.1
.367
17.25
16.43
67
5.2
46.7
46.8
100.2
.678
31.66
31.71
23
130
36
29
24
7
16
5.0
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.8
6.1
5.8
47.8
48.1
50.2
47.1
47.9
50.1
46.2
45.7
49.9
47.6
44.0
47.9
51.3
45.8
95.6
103.7
94.8
93.4
100.0
102.4
99.2
.745
.734
.765
.791
.690
.713
.798
35.61
35.31
38.40
37.26
35.72
36.87
34.07
36.58
36.46
34.79
32.99
36.53
36.59
265
5.6
48.2
48.2
100.0
.744
35.82
35.82
&
11
10
0)31
5.8
5.2
5.0
0)
5.7
0)
47.2
50.3
49.4
49.2
<*>
46.6
0)
48.8
49.2
43.6
41.4
0)
45.4
103.4
97.8
88.3
84.1
0)
97.4
0)
0)
.696 32.85
.433 21.78
.548 27.07
.467 22.98
(*)
0)
.618 28.80
21.30
23.91
19.35
(l)
28.07
82
5.6
48.1
45.8
95.2
.562
25.76
0)30
0)5.7
6.0
0)
0)
45.4
37
(l)
12
15
20
4
9
6
4
10
0)
64
0)
0)
0)
0)
27.03
0)
0)
5.8
fir
49.4
46.5
49.0
50.5
46.8
53.2
48.4
48.2
42.8
50.3
45.1
111.5
98.0
103.7
87.3
99.6
96.4
.684
.723
.804
.564
.506
.694
32.63
35.72
37.39
27.64
25.55
32.48
36.41
34.98
38.73
24.11
25.44
31.30
5.7
47.8
49.7
103.9
.685
32.74
33.99
5.8
5.7
5.2
6.0
» Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
$25.38
33.57
31.70
27.34
27.56
20.18
8
Drill-press operators, male:
New England.............. .
Middle Atlantic............
South Atlantic..............
East North Central___
West North Central__
West South Central__
Western......... .............
Total..
48.2
47.6
50.3
49.5
46.6
50.1
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
0)
Total..
Total..
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.1
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
ings
per
per
hour
week
5
67
0)20
18
Aver
age
Per
hours cent of
time actually full
hours worked time
in 1 worked
per
week week
<»)
47.6
49.4
(9
49.7
51.0
44.9
53
7
Cowl makers, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic....... .
South Atlantic......... .
East North Central..
West North Central..
West South Central.
Western.................... .
Electricians, male:
New England........... .
Middle Atlantic....... .
South Atlantic.........
East North Central..
West North CentralWest South Central..
Western.................... .
118
0)
Coverers, wood, male:
Middle Atlantic. —
South Atlantic___
Western.................
Total...
7
Aver-
18
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
A*— Average number of days on which employees worked, average f ull-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T able
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation sex, and district
Fitters and bench hands, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic.......
South Atlantic.____
East North Central..
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western_______ :___
T o t a l ......... .— .
Frame builders, dural fuselage,
male:
Middle Atlantic.......
East North Central..
Western___________
T ota l....................
Frame builders, steel fuselage,
male:
New England........... .
Middle Atlantic____
South Atlantic......... .
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central
Western....................
Total...................... .
Frame builders, wood fuselage,
male:
New England........... .
Middle Atlantic....... .
South Atlantic...........
Total...................... .
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age Aver
age
Per
age
age
age
full hours cent of earn full actual
time
time actually full
ing? earn earn
hours worked time
ings
per
ings
per
in 1 worked hour
in 1
per
week week
week
week
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
3
9
4
6
8
1
3
51
714
33
62
57
0)
223
5.0
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.2
0)
5.8
47.6
47.6
50.7
48.5
48.3
(l)
47.0
45.8
45.7
49.4
47.4
41.6
(l)
46.7
96.2 $0,661 $31.46
96.0
.684 32.56
97.4
.649 32.90
97.7
.700 33.95
86.1
.474 22.89
0)
(9
(l)
99.4
.664 31.21
34
1,152
5.5
47.7
45.9
96.2
.665
31.72
30.54
1
2
1
0)
18
0)
(»)
5.3
0)
0)
42.6
0
(9
.964
(9
0)
41.07
(9
(l)
42.22
(9
4
67
5.7 !1 46.5
0)
0)
43.8
102.8
«
t <9
46.1
99.1
.712
33.11
32. 81
3
7
3
6
8
3
3
16
133
19
57
61
13
31
5.4
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.9
5.9
49.5
46.8
49.3
49.4
47.9
50.3
45.5
44.4
47.5
49.2
48.0
44.1
50.5
44.9
89.7
101.5
99.8
97.2
92.1
100.4
98.7
.671
.804
.689
.697
.549
.493
.641
33.21
37.63
33.97
34.43
26. 30
24.80
29,17
29. 77
38.15
33. 92
33. 42
24. 2J
24. 92
28. 78
33
330
5.5
47.7
46.8
98.1
.699
33.34 . 32.70
1
3
1
(l)
36
0)
(l)
4.8
0)
0)
46.0
(l)
0)
42.0
0)
(9
91.3
(9
<9
.794
<9
(l)
36.52
(9
(9
33.32
(9
55
4.9
47.2
43.5
92.2
.756
35.68
32.85
0)
5.8
(9
5.3
<0
47.8
(9
43.9
0)
48.7
0)
42.2
(9
101.9
(9
96.1
(9
.666
(9
.790
(9
31.83
0)
34.68
(9
32.40
(9
33.36
5.6 | 47.5
47.2
99.4
.684
32.49
32.31
46.3
0)
54.9
47.5
51.6
0)
44.5
0)
56.1
48.8
49.0
0)
96.1
(9
102. 2
102.7
95.0
(9
.750
0)
.619
.532
.434
(9
34.73
(9
33.98
25.27
22.39
(9
33.37
0)
34.72
25.96
21.31
(9
5.8 | 49.1
49.1
100.0
.616
30.24
30.24
0)
45.9
(l)
(l)
45.4
O
43.1
(l)
0)
45.4
(9
93.9
(9
(9
100.0
0
(l)
.741 34.01
(l)
(l)
(9
(9
.692 |
; 31.39
<9
31.93
0)
(9
31.39
5.5 i 46.5
44.2
95.1
.688 !1 31.99
30.43
5
1
4
1
3
0)
58
0)
10
Total.......................
9
84
4
1
5
7
2
1
39
0)
29
41
7
0)
Total...................... .
20
134
Frame builders, wood tail1, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic..........
West North Central..
Western.... .............. .
1
2
1
1
2
0)
18
(l)
0)
12
Total_____________
7
39
5.2
(l)
6.5
5.8
5.7
0)
0)
5.1
0)
(»)
6.0 |
i Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
$30.30
31.23
32.03
33.22
19.73
(l)
30.97
1
Frame builders, dural tailI, male:
New England........... .
Middle A tlantic___
South Atlantic___ ...
East North Central..
Frame builders, steel tail, male:
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic......... .
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central..
Western___________ .
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
GENERAL TABLES
19
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week} average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sexf and district—-Continued
T able
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Frame builders, dural wing, male:
New England..........................
Middle Atlantic......................
South Atlantic........................
East North Central................
West North Central................
Western...................................
Total..
Frame builders, wood wing, male:
New England..........................
Middle Atlantic......................
South Atlantic........................
East North Central................
West North Central...............
West South Central...............
Western...................................
Total...
Helpers, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
South Atlantic.........
East North Central..
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western....................
Total..
Inspectors, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
South Atlantic.........
East North CentralWest North Central.
West South Central..
Western____________
Total..
Laborers, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic.........
South Atlantic...........
East North Central...
West North CentralWest South Central..
Western......................
Total..
Lathe operators, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic____
South Atlantic..........
East North Central..
West North CentralWestern___________
Total..
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
1
5
1
3
1
1
0)
118
0)
28
0)
0)
12
217
3
8
3
5
7
4
4
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in i
week
0)
5.5
0)
5.2
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
Per
age
full actual
age
full hours cent of earn time
time actually full
earn
ings earn
hours worked time
ings
per
ings
in 1 worked hour
per
in 1
per
week week
week week
0)
49.1
0)
41.9
0)
0)
5.5
4a 3
47.5
98.3
.669
32.31
31.81
13
236
19
67
63
19
96
5.5
5.4
6.0
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.0
49.1
47.1
49.3
49.8
47.0
50.4
46.5
45.9
46.8
52.1
46.3
47.0
55.9
45.8
93.5
99.4
105.7
93.0
100.0
110.9
98.5
.623
.700
.652
.532
.610
.542
.695
30.59
32.97
32.14
26.49
28.66
27.32
32.32
28.60
32.75
33.97
24.63
28.66
30.34
31.83
34
513
5.6
47.6
47.1
98.9
.656
31.23
30.87
3
9
4
7
8
3
4
110
428
68
55
35
9
162
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.9
47.6
47.2
50.6
49.9
47.7
50.8
46.2
44.6
45.7
45.5
47.7
43.2
46.3
45.8
93.7
96.8
89.9
95.6
90.6
91.1
99.1
.472
.494
.428
.483
.445
.334
.506
22.47
23.32
21.66
24.10
21.23
16.97
23.38
21.03
22.57
19.45
23.05
19.23
15.50
23.20
38
867
5.3
47.6
45.6
95.8
.484
23.04
22.07
3
9
4
8
8
2
3
11
111
31
35
25
7
51
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.7
6.*0
6.0
5.9
48.5
46.9
49.4
47.6
48.3
51.6
46.3
48.5
49.6
47.4
47.3
50.1
51.6
46.1
100.0
105.8
96.0
99.4
103.7
100.0
99.6
.875
.893
.805
.841
.631
.677
.793
42.50
41.88
39.77
40.03
30.48
34.91
36.72
42.50
44.33
38.17
39.78
31.59
34.91
36. 53
37
271
5.8
47.5
48.5
102.1
.827
39.28
40.08
3
9
4
8
7
3
3
56
232
45
71
58
19
58
5.1
5.5
5.9
5.3
5.8
5.6
5.8
47.7
47.7
57.1
48.0
48.6
50.6
46.6
48.5
51.0
53.8
46.5
49.1
52.6
46.5
101.7
106.9
94.2
96.9
101.0
104.0
99.8
.493
.545
.420
.614
.439
.388
.552
23.52
26.00
23.98
29.47
21.34
19.63
25.72
23.91
27.78
22.58
28.53
21.54
20.43
25.67
37
539
5.6
48.6
49.7
102.3
.520
25.27
25.88.
2
7
3
3
3
3
11
70
17
11
7
53
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.5
5.4
5.6
47.6
46.9
50.7
44.5
47.6
46.9
46.7
47.1
43.7
45.5
42.4
46.1
98.1
100.4
86.2
102.2
89.1
98.3
.720
.764
.716
.923
.669
.751
34.27
35.83
36.30
41.07
31.84
35.22
33.61
35.99.
31.27
42.01
28.40
34.64
21
169
5.4
47.2
46.1
97.7
.759
35.82
35.01.
d
1Data included in total.but not given separately to avoid identification.
0)
0)
<*>.
100.0 $0,680 $33.37
0)
0)
0)
100.5
.918 38.28
0)
0)
(9
to
<*)
49.1
0)
41.7
<*)
0)
0)
$33.37
0)
38.76
(*)
20
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per weekt average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T able
AIRPLANES—Continued
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
Aver Aver
Per
age
age
full hours cent of
time actually full
hoUrs worked time
in 1 worked
per
week week
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
West North Central_______ _
West South Central_________
Western_______________ __ _
3
7
4
6
7
3
4
32
76
19
21
22
10
15
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.7
47.8
47.0
50.0
49.2
48.4
49.5
46.9
45.6
44.7
43.9
45.5
44.0
47.8
49.2
Total......................................
34
195
5.2
47.9
45.3
Occupation, sex, and district
Machinists, male:
Middle Atlantic— - . - _______
South Atlantic______ _
Milling machine operators, male:
New England............
Middle At-larrf-in _
_ __
South Atlantic__ ,
East North Central____ ___ —
West North Central_________
Western_______ ____ __ __ __
1
6
3
4
2
3
Total......................................
19
Painters, hand, male:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic____________ East North Central _____ __
West North Central_________
West South Central_________
Western____________________
1
9
4
8
2
2
Total__________ __________
26
Painters, letterers, and stripers,
male:
New England ______________
Middle Atlantic_____________
South Atlantic___________ __
East North Central__________
West North Central.......... ......
West South Central____ _____
Western.— — ______________
2
6
1
2
6
2
2
0)
95.4 $0,792 $37.86
95.1
.802 37.69
87.8
.773 38.65
92.5
.748 36.80
.684 33.11
90.9
.754 37.32
96.6
.759 35.60
104.9
94.6
0)
.773
0)
37.03
$36.14
35.85
33.92
33.99
30.11
36.05
37.33
34.99
0
46.8
50.7
49.7
49.3
48.1
0)
0)
47.0
47.5
53.8
41.3
46.0
100.4
93.7
108.2
83.8
95.6
.744
.745
.629
.588
. 755
34.82
37.77
31.26
28.99
36.32
34.98
35.38
33.86
24.30
34.73
5.4
48.2
47.1
97.7
.727
35.04
34.30
129
15
26
11
57
0)
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.3
5.8
49.0
49.7
47.6
51.6
46.6
(H
0)
51.7
48.8
49.4
53.7
45.9
105.5
98.2
103.8
104.1
98.5
.651
.546
.504
.424
. 588
31.90
27.14
23.99
21.88
27.40
0)
0)
33.65
26.63
24.94
22.74
27.01
240
5.5
48.5
49.9
102.8
.604
29.29
30.17
2
8
47.8
48.4
0)
49.8
47.3
50.5
.45.3
47.0
46.1
0)
52.5
47.1
42.5
43.9
98.3
95.2
0)
10f>. 4
99.6
84.2
96.9
.989
.791
0)
.750
.809
.913
.793
47.27
38.28
2
6
2
6
5.5
5.0
0)
5.5
5.5
5.0
5.7
37.35
38.27
46.11
35.92
46.49
36.48
0)
39.38
38.06
38.80
34.76
113
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
5.3
5.5
5.9
5.2
5.3
41
19
10
5
32
0)
Aver
Aver age
age
full
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
(»)
Total......................................
21
28
5.4
47.8
46.2
96.7
.817
39.05 1 37.73
Painters, spray, male:
New England_____ _________
Middle Atlantic......................
South Atlantic..........................
East North Central...... ......... .
West North Central_________
West South Central_________
Western___ - ____ ____ _______
3
9
4
8
6
4
4
16
93
17
27
27
6
36
5.1
5.2
5.8
5.5
5.3
6.0
5.7
47.8
49.1
49.8
47.6
49.7
49.7
46.7
45.6
50.1
53.2
46.1
46.5
51.9
46.6
95.4
102.0
106.8
96.8
93.6
104.4
99.8
.676
.722
.605
.744
.438
.592
.627
32.31
35.45
30.13
35.41
21.77
29.42
29.28
30.80
36.16
32.17
34.29
20.38
30.73
29.22
Total......................................
38
222
5.4
48.6
48.6
100.0
.660
32.05
32.05
6
17
20
13
5.0
5.7
5.8
5.7
47.6
47.1
49.8
49.6
43.6
47.5
53.8
49.3
91.6
100.8
108.0
99.4
.943
.807
.898
.741
44.89
38.01
44.72
36.75
41.10
38.37
48.29
36.53
Pattern makers, male:
i
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................ 1
South Atlantic.......................... i
East North Central..................
West North Central................. !
West South Central..................
Western.....................................
Total......................................
2
6
4
3
1
2
2 !
20
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
6.0
6.0
50.5
46.1
53.0
46.1
105.0
100.0
.799
.726
40.35
33.44
42.35
73
5.7
48.2
49 2
102.1 | .817
39.38
40.16
2
* Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
0)
14 I
33.44
GENERAL TABLES
21
A,— Average number of days on which employees workedy average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per houry and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sea, and district— Continued
T able
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Polishers and rubbers, male:
Middle Atlantic......... ........... .
South Atlantic______________
East North Central__________
Total__________ __________
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
Per
age
full
age
full hours cent of earn
time actual
time actually full
earn
ings earn ings
hours worked time
ings
per
in 1 worked per
in 1
per
hour
week week
week week
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
3
1
1
15
0)
0)
5.1
(!)
(1)
46.1
0)
0)
47.7
(i)
(i)
103.5 $0,715 $32.96
0)
(0
0)
(i)
0)
0)
$34.11
0)
I1)
5.3
46.9
47.9
102.1
.677
31.75
32.42
0)
0)
6. 0 . 48.5
0)
0)
(i)
(l)
0)
52.7
0)
(l)
0)
108.7
0)
(i)
0)
.679
0)
0)
0)
32.93
0)
0)
0)
35.76
0)
5
19
Rib builders, dural, male:
New England..........................
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic______________
Western____________________
1
4
1
1
0)
29
0)
<»)
Total_____________________
7
67
5.4
48.3
48.5
100.4
.652
31.49
31.66
Rib builders, wood, male:
New England.............. ............
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic______________
East North Central..................
West North Central_________
West South Central....... .........
Western___ _________________
1
7
1
4
6
4
4
0)
61
0)
13
29
13
12
(l)
5.6
0)
5.4
5.4
6.0
5.1
0)
49.2
0)
49.2
45.7
51.5
46.1
0)
47.9
0)
44.3
42.8
56.2
39.7
0)
97.4
90.0
93.7
109.1
86.1
0)
.560
(1)„
.549
.364
.379
.648
0)
27.55
0)
27.01
16.63
19.52
29.87
0)
26.82
0)
24.33
15.57
21.34
25.74
V)
\i)
Total_____________________
27
133
5.5
48.3
46.4
96.1
.503
24.29
23.30
Rib builders, wood, female:
South Atlantic..........................
Western____________________
2
2
8
9
4.9
5.8
49.8
47.2
40.8
43.1
81.9
91.3
.299
.433
14.89
20.44
12.19
18.68
Total......................................
4
17
5.4
48.4
42.0
86.8
.372
18.00
15.63
Screw-machine operators, male:
Middle Atlantic............... ........
South Atlantic..........................
East North Central.................
West North Central_________
Western_____________ ____ _
6
2
3
2
1
31
9
11
3
0)
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.3
0)
47.3
50.8
49.5
51.3
0)
47.5
46.3
45.2
46.0
0)
100.4
91.1
91.3
89.7
0)
.725
.673
.639
.429
<9
34.29
34.19
31.63
22.01
0)
34.41
31.18
28.91
19.73
0)
63
5.4
48.4
46.4
95.9
.693
33.54
62.16
2
0)
0)
4.5
0)
0)
(i)
(l)
46.8
0)
0)
0)
0)
35.3
0)
(l)
0)
(1)
75.4
0)
0)
V)
0)
.633
0)
0)
M
29.62
0)
0)
(1)
0)
22.32
0)
Total,.....................................
14
Sewing-machine operators, male:
Middle Atlantic....................
South Atlantic______________
East North Central __..............
West North Central................
Western___________________
1
1
1
2
1
0)
(0
0)
0)
Total......................................
6
7
5.6
47.8
45.9
96.0
.802
38.34
36.76
Sewing-machine operators, female:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic______________
East North Central..................
West North Central_________
West South Central_________
Western____________________
2
6
2
2
1
1
3
7
18
6
2
0)
(i)
5
5.0
5.6
6.0
5.5
0)
(i)
5.0
47.9
46.6
49.7
49.8
0)
0)
44.8
44.5
47.0
49.3
44.7
0)
(1)
37.5
92.9
100.9
99.2
89.8
0)
(l)
83.7
.357
.475
.341
.344
0)
(i)
.444
17.10
22.14
16.95
17.13
(l)
0
19.89
15.90
22.34
16.80
15.38
0)
0)
16.67
Total_____ ________________
17
42
5.5
47.7
46.0
96.4
.410
19.56
18.82
*Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
22
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
A*-— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T able
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Sheet-metal machine operators,
male:
New England............................
Middle Atlantic.......................
South Atlantic..................... —
East North Central__________
West North Central_________
West South Central..................
Western.....................................
Total.......................................
Sheet-metal workers, hand, male:
New England.............. ............
Middle Atlantic_____________
South A tlantic........................
East North Central..................
West North Central.................
West South Central..................
Western.....................................
Total.......................................
Spar builders, dural, male:
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic..........................
Western.....................................
Total.......................................
Spar builders, wood, male:
New England............................
Middle Atlantic...................
South Atlantic-........................
West North Central.................
West South Central..................
Western.....................................
Total.......................................
Testers, ground, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic..........................
East North Central..................
West North Central.......... ......
West South Central......... ........
Western....................................
Total.......................................
Toolmakers, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic..........................
East North Central..................
West North Central.................
West South Central..................
Western_____________ _______
Total.......................................
Upholsterers, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic....... ................
South Atlantic.........................
East North Central..................
West North Central............ ....
West South Central.................
Western____________________
Total_____________________
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
1
7
4
5
7
2
2
28
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
<9
<9
29
45
29
15
3
.8
131
1
9
4
8
8
2
4
36
(9
1
1
1
3
(9
(9
<9
137
33
133
30
7
157
503
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
6.0
6.0
5.7
(L
5.1
5.4
5.6
6.0
5.8
5.5
0)
(9
(9
42
5.6
1
8
1
4
2
3
19
(9
42
(9
6
<9
5.5
<9
5.2
6.0
2
9
1
8
7
2
2
31
4
17
3
8
3
5
4
2
3
28
1
6
2
8
7
4
3
31
2
17
70
<9
11
7
2
3
48
26
94
66
31
12
7
28
264
(9
8
3
21
17
6
6
65
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
Per
age
age
full actual
full hours cent of warn time
earn
time actually full
ings earn ings
hours worked time
per
ings
per
in 1
in 1 worked hour
per
week week
week week
(9
47.2
49.8
47.0
47.7
50.3
47.0
48.1
98.7
99.0
93.8
96.6
98.1
100.0
97.4
0)
48.1
49.7
49.1
47.9
49.4
46.0
47.8
$ .i
43.8
46.3
46.2
49.4
44.9
46.5
88.1
94.3
96.5
100.0
97.6
97.3
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
49.9
(9
(9
47.4
(9
(9
$.661 $31.60
.539 27.11
.706 35.37
.513 25.34
.487 24.98
.720 33.82
.608 30.04
(9
(9
(9
$31.16
26.84
33.19
24.49
24.46
33.82
29.23
(9
.765
.689
.694
.685
.731
.743
.728
36.80
34.24
34.08
32.81
36.10
34.18
34.80
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
48.5
97.2
.645
32.19
31.31
(9
46.9
(9
98.9
(9
(9
.730
(9
(9
34.60
(9
(9
34.22
37.53
30.17
32.14
31.65
36.10
33.34
33.84
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
5.8
5.6
47.8
50.5
46.1
47.3
43.8
52.0
44.7
46.3
91.6
103.0
97.0
97.9
.664
.692
.709
.710
31.74
34.95
32.68
33.58
29.05
36.00
31.72
32.86
5.3
5.7
48.1
47.2
47.6
48.0
99.0
101.7
.865
.791
41.61
37.34
41.17
37.96
5.6
5.6
46.5
48.3
50.5
46.8
47.6
<9
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.3
6.0
5.8
5.3
<9
5.6
6.0
5.6
5.2
6.2
6.3
5.6
(9
(9
(9
(9
47.3
47.5
50.2
45.5
47.8
101.7
98.3
99.4
97.2
100.4
.742
.652
.668
.872
.753
34.50
31.49
33.73
40.81
35.84
35.11
30.96
33.54
39.66
35.97
47.8
47.1
52.2
46.0
48.9
50.9
47.3
48.5
44.6
45.7
48.9
41.3
43.4
51.6
46.7
46.0
93.3
97.0
93.7
89.8
88.8
101.4
98.7
94.8
.838
.802
.799
.918
.848
.726
.858
.822
40.06
37.77
41.71
42.23
41.47
36.95
40.58
39.87
37.36
36.62
39.11
37.91
36.81
37.45
40.01
37.86
(9
(9
(9
(9
46.8
49.0
46.0
47.1
49.7
46.1
47.0
52.0
48.8
45.9
41.9
53.0
49.2
46.7
* Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
(9
(9
47.8
50.3
50.1
49.4
51.3
47.0
49.4
(9
111.1
99.6
99.8
89.0
106.6
106.7
99.4
(9
(9
.864 40.44
1.077 52.77
.854 39.28
.655 30.85
.565 28.08
.672 30.98
.759 35.67
.(9
44.96
52.58
39.15
27.45
29.93
33.07
35.47
GENERAL TABLES
23
A#— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sea;, and
Continued
T able
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
Aver Aver
age
age
Per
full hours cent of
time actually full
hours worked time
in 1 worked
per
week week
Aver
Aver age
age
full
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
Welders, male:
48.5
4
16
5.1
New England_______________
47.2
267
5.3
. Middle9Atlantic...................
49.7
4
21
5.9
South Atlantic
7
72
5.6
48.8
East North Central................
5.4
48.0
90
West North Central_________
7
51.1
3
32
5.8
West South Central.................
46.4
3
69
6.0
Western____________ ________
44.6
46.2
50.3
49.3
44.6
50.1
47.4
47.8
46.8
97.9
.764
36.52
0)
0)
(l)
(i)
(i)
(l)
0)
X1)
Total___________ _________
37
567
5. &
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
92.0 $0,667 $32.35 .$29.76
97.9
.792 37.38
36.59
101.2
.808 40.16 40.62
101.0 . .800 ,39.04
39.38
92.9
.685. .32.88 30.60
98.0
. 649 33.16
32.50
102.2
.777 36.05
36.83
35.75
Welders, female:
Middle Atlantic ______
South Atlantic.........................
1
1
Total......................................
2
3
5.7 i 49.0
47.5
96.9
.540
26.46
25.63
Woodworking-machine operators,
male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic.—...............
South Atlantic_____________
East North Central_________
West North Central________
West South Central.............. .
Western_____________
3
8
4
4
7
3
4
9
41
U
20
13
5
20
48.1
5.0
47.2
5.5
49.5
5.7
49.9
5.6
5.5 I 46.8
50.0
6.0
6.0 ; 46.0
43.4
48,1
49.0
46.8
46.7
57.3
45.5
90.2
101.9
99.0
93.8
99.8
114.6
98.9
.711
.758
.765
.657
.688
.701
.749
34.20
35.78
37.87
32.78
32.20
35.05
34.45
30.86
36.45
37.44
30.77
32.16
40.16
34.11
33
119
5.6 ii 47.8
47.4
99.2
.727
34.75
34.46
4
9
4
7
8
4
4
61
482
126
155
127
26
171
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.9
48.6
47.5
50.1
47.1
49.7
51.3
46.5
47.8
50.3
48.3
47.4
49.9
48.6
46.9
98.4
105.9
96.4
100.6
100.4
94.7
100.9
.652
.716
.561
.769
.710
.721
.664
31.69
34.01
28.11
36.22
35.29
36.99
30.88
31.14
36.01
27.08
36.44
35.39
35.02
31.10
40
1,148
5.6
48.0
48.9
101.9
. 695
33.36
34.01
5.0
46.0
95.7
(i)
.700
30.80
(l)
6.0
48.3
44.0
(i)
(i)
46; 6
32.20
0)
0)
Total......................... ...........
Other employees, male:
New England_______
Middle Atlantic.......................
South Atlantic____ _________
East North Central.................
West North Central.......... ......
West South Central.. _
Western___________ _____ _
Total...................................
Other employees, female:
Middle Atlantic.....................
South Atlantic..........................
East North Central...... ...........
Western________ ____ ______
Total....... ...............................i
All occupations, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic......................
South Atlantic.......... ..............
East North Central........... .
West North Central_________
West South Central.................
Western____________________
Total......................................
2
1
1
3
(i)
0)
h)
0)
2
0)
5
(x)
0
0) '
0)
(')
C1)
0)
0)
0)
0)
96.5
.305
14.73
14.23
.413
19.82
19.45
.642 30.75
.695 -33.08
.641 32.43
.705 33.91
i 581 28.06
.553 28.09
.666 30.97
29.28
33.42
31.19
32.88
26.87
28.13
30.62
7
13
5.8
48.0
47.1
98.1
4
9
4
8
8
4
4
688
4,816
857
1,307
1,011
278
1,888
5.0
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.8
47.9
47.6
50.6
48.1
48.3
50.8
46.5
45.6
48.1
48.6
46.6
46.2
50.9
46.0
95.2
101.1
96.0
96.9
95.6
100.2
98.9
41 10,845
5.5
47.9 | 47.3
98.7
.669
32.05
31.68
.361
.414
.318
.330
.260
.342
.417
17.44
19.58
15.80
16.37
12.97
17.72
18.81
16.36
18.56
15.24
13.86
11.91
17.97
18.04
.380 1 17.97
17.09
All occupations, female:
New England......... .................
Middle Atlantic....... ................
South Atlantic......... ............
East North Central__________
West North Central.................
West South Central......... ........
Western___________________
3
7
2
2
5
2
3
9
74
27
7
23
8
86
5.2
5.4
5.7
5.1
5.6
5.9
5.8
48.3
47.3
49.7
49.6
49.9
51.8
45.1
45.3
44.9
47.9
42.0
45.8
52.5
43.3
93.8
94.9
96.4
84.7
91.8
101.4
96.0
Total......................................
24
234
5.6
47.3 !
44.9
94.9
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
0)
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
24
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T able
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
All occupations, male and female:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic..........................
East North Central..................
West North Central................
West South Central.................
Western.....................................
Total......................................
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age Aver
age
Per
age
age
age
full actual
full hours cent of earn time
time actually full
earn
ings earn ings
hours worked time
per
ings
in 1 worked hour
per
in 1
per
week week
week week
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
4
9
4
8
8
4
4
697
4,890
884
1,314
1,034
286
1,974
5.0
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.8
47.9
47.6
50.6
48.1
48.3
50.9
46.4
45.6
48.1
48.6
46.6
46.2
50.9
45.9
41 11.079
5.5
47.9
47.3
95.2 $0,639 $30.61
101.1
.691 32.89
.632 31.98
96.1
96.9
.703 33.81
95.7
.574 27.72
100.0
.547 27.85
98.9
.656 30.44
98.7
.663
$29.11
33.19
30.70
32.77
26.54
27.85
30.07
31.76
31.37
(9 * (1)
(9
102.2 $0,390
$19.38
71.5
.494 24.30
$19.80
17.38
AIR C RA FT ENGINES
Apprentices, male:
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
1
2
2
W3
4
6.0
4.8
49.7
49.2
(9
(9
(9
50.8
35.2
(9
Total......................................
5
114
4.8
47.6
45.3
95.2
.425
20.23
19.22
Assemblers, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
2
2
7
2
36
63
89
17
5.7
5.2
5.9
5.9
50.7
47.7
49.8
49.4
56.4
46.8
53.0
44.3
111.2
98.1
106.4
89.7
.741
.648
.735
.770
37.57
30.91
3(5. 60
38.04
41.78
30.35
38.91
34.10
5.7
49.3
51.0
104.1
.714
35.20 I 36.38
5.5
47.8
0)
<9
47.8
100.0
.800
38.21
38.21
5.7
48.3
49.8
103.1
.728
35.16
36.27
Total......................................
13
205
Blacksmiths, male:
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
2
1
2
CO
Total......................................
3
3
Boring-mill operators, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
1
2
2
0)
20
11
41
Total......................................
5
Coppersmiths and tinsmiths, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
1
2
Total......................................
3
Drill-press operators, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western................. ...................
1
2
6
2
(9
37
38
(9
133
40
9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
5.8
6.6
49.8
50.9
SL
70.4
106.6
138.3
.802
.894
39.94
45.50
42.55
62.93
5.8
50.1
57.9
115.6
. 814 |40.78
47.19
<9
<9
(9
(9
(9
5.3
47.6
8 .8
102.5
.764
36.37
37.31
5.3
47.7
49.1
102.9
.762 |36.35
37.41
(9
(9
(9
4.9
5.8
5.9
48.4
50.3
49.4
45.9
55.7
46.9
94.8
110.7
94.9
(9
.673
.724
%
(9
(I>
35.77 II 33.93
37.49
33.85
35.77
33.93
Total......................................
11
277
5.2
49.2
49.7
101.0
.672
33.06 i 33.39
Fitters and bench hands, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western............ .......................
2
2
6
2
127
212
41
24
5.4
4.9
6.0
6.0
50.1
47.6
49.9
49.5
53.4
46.3
54.6
45.2
106.6
97.3
109.4
91.3
.602
.635
.645
.683
30.16
30.23
32.19
33.81
32.13
29.38
35.25
30.86
Total......................................
12
404
5.2
48.7
49.3
101.2
.628
30.58
30.93
* Data included in total but not given separately tQ avoid identification.
GENERAL TABLES
25
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929y by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T able
A IR C R A F T ENGINES—Continued
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
Grinding-machine operators, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
2
2
6
1
55
114
39
0)
5.3
5.3
6.2
0)
Occupation, sex, and district
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
Per
age
age
full actual
full hours cent of earn time
time actually full
earn
earn
ings
hours worked time
ings
per
ings
per
in 1 worked hour
in 1
per week
week week
week
50.1
48.2
50.6
0)
49.2
52.3
47.6
62.8
0)
104.4 $0,714 $35.77
98.8
.821 39.57
124.1
.812 41.09
0)
0)
0)
51.6
104.9
.791
38.92
40.80
$37.36
39.06
50.96
0)
Total......................................
11
216
5.5
Helpers, not otherwise specified,
male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
1
2
3
2
0)
29
23
3
0)
5.7
5.8
6.3
0)
47.9
49.8
49.2
a .
50.3
61.6
0)
100.6
101.0
125.2
0)
.574
.525
.566
0)
27.49
26.15
27.85
0)
27.64
26.44
34.89
Total___ i ...............................
8
91
5.6
49.3
51.3
104.1
.537
26.47
27.57
Inspectors, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic......................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
1
2
7
1
0)
127
30
0)
0)
5.3
6.1
0)
0)
47.9
49.8
0)
0)
48.0
53.3
0)
0)
100.2
107.0
0)
0)
.744
.793
0)
0)
35.64
39.49
0)
0
35.73
42.30
0)
101.9
.753
36.67
37.34
Total......................................
11
210
5.4
48.7
Laborers, male:
New England-.........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
2
2
6
1
37
162
27
0)
5.3
5.4
5.9
<l)
50.3
47.9
49.9
(»)
52.2
52.3
55.1
0)
103.8
109.2
110.4
0)
.493
.537
.492
0)
24.80
25.72
24.55
0)
25.76
28.11
27.12
0)
49.6
Total......................................
11
235
5.4
48.5
52.5
108.2
.526
25.51
27.62
Lathe operators, engine, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
2
2
6
1
24
97
36
0)
5.1
5.2
5.8
0)
50.2
48.4
50.3
0)
50.9
48.2
55.4
0)
101.4
99.6
110.1
0)
.681
.798
.791
0)
34.19
38.62
39.79
0)
34.66
38.48
43.80
(0
Total......................................
11
167
5.4
49.2
50.0
101.6
.783
38.52
39.16
Lathe operators, turret, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic....................
East North Central..................
Western.....................................
1
2
2
1
0)
28
5
0)
0)
4.6
5.2
0)
0)
47.6
50.8
0)
0)
42.0
53.0
0)
0)
88.2
104.3
0)
0)
.861
.794
0)
0)
40.98
40.34
0)
0)
36.13
42.10
0)
Total......................................
6
74
5.0
49.1
48.4
98.6
.742
36.43
35.96
Machinists, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic.— .................
East North Central..................
Western....................................
2
2
3
3
26
38
19
40
5.2
5.4
5.7
5.5
51.0
47.7
49.5
49.6
51.7
49.1
49.0
419
101.4
102.9
99.0
90.5
.767
.769
.784
.849
39.12
36.68
38.81
42.11
39.60
37.74
38.41
38.13
10
" -~
123
5.4
49.3
48.3
98.0
.795
39.19
l-
38.36
9
5.4
0)
52.2
0)
52.1
0)
99.8
0)
.492
0)
25.68
0)
25.63
0)
15
5.5
50.5
49.6
98.2
.528
26.66
26.19
Total_____________________
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ help
ers, male:
New England............................
Middle Atlantic.......................
2
1
Total............... ......................
3
0)
— -...—
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
mm m ■—- 1
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
26
T a b l e A . — Average
number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per houry and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
AIRCRAFT ENGINES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Milling-machine operators, male:
New England.........................
Middle Atlantic......................
East North Central................
Western...................................
Total..
Packers, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
East North Central.
Western....................
Total.
Paint sprayers, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
East North Central..
Western....................
Total..
Polishers and buffers, male:
New England.................
Middle Atlantic..........
Total.
Screw-machine operators, male:
New England........................
Middle Atlantic....................
East North Central________
Total......................................
Sheet-metal
machine
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
Aver Aver
Aver Aver
Aver
age
age
age
Per
age
full actual
age
full hours cent of earn time
earn
time actually full
ings earn ings
hours worked time
ings
per
in 1
in 1 worked hour
per
per
week week
week week
1
2
6
1
33
<9
(9
5.2
6.2
<9
<9
48.6
50.5
(9
(9
47.5
61.3
0)
(9
(9
(9
97.7 $0.777 $37. 76
.736 37.17
121.4
(9
(9
(9
(9
$36.90
45.09
(9
10
161
5.4
49.2
50.7
103.0
.749
36.85
37.95
1
2
5
1
<9
23
10
<9
<9
5.2
6.0
(9
(9
47.7
49.8
(9
<9
48.5
54.9
(9
<9
101.7
110.2
(9
(9
.545
.656
(9
(9
26.00
32.67
(9
(9
26.42
36.01
(9
9
43
5.5
48.7
51.9
106.6
.594
28.93
30.86
<9
(9
(9
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
p>
(9
(9
(9
<9
(9
(9
(9
P>
(9
(9
(9
1
1
1
1
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
<9
<9
(9
<9
Total..
Testers, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
East North Central.
Western....................
Total..
Toolmakers, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
East North Central.
Western....................
4
16
5.5
48.9
47.8
97.8
.675
33.01
32.27
1
2
<9
35
0)
4.9
(9
47.6
(9
45.6
(9
95.8
(9
.913
(9
43 46
(9
41. 59
3
49
4.9
48.3
46.6
96.5
.861
41.59
40.11
1
2
5
(9
149
41
(9
5.2
6.2
(9
48.7
50.9
(9
47.8
61.7
<9
98.2
121.2
<9
.786
.794
<9
38.28
40.41
(9
37.53
49.00
8
198
5.4
49.2
50.9
103.5
.781
38.43
39.76
1
1
<9
<9
<9
(9
(9
(9
0)
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
<9
(9
<9
2
3
5.3
48.8
46.8
95.9
.709
34.60
33.19
1
2
7
2
(9
26
19
5
<9
5.3
5.9
6.4
<9
47.7
50.6
49.6
<9
49.3
56.4
60.4
(9
103.4
111.5
121.8
(9
.694
.880
.863
(1K
33.10
44.53
42.80
(9
34.23
49.64
52.11
12
57
5.7
49.1
54.3
110.6
.783
38.45
42.47
2
2
5
1
21
38
29
(9
5.2
5.6
5.7
<9
50.2
47.8
49.6
(9
51.6
50.7
49.1
(9
102.8
106.1
99.0
(9
.837
.821
.839
(9
42.02
39.24
41.61
(9
43.14
41.65
41.20
(9
10
108
5.6
49.1
50.1
102.0
.844
41.44
42.28
iData included in total but not given separately to avoid identification,
(9
(9
(9
(9
operators,
Middle Atlantic.......
East North Central.
Total..
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
GENERAL TABLES
27
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1929, by occupation, sex, and district— Continued
T a b l e A .—
A IR C R A F T ENGINES—Continued
Aver
age
number
of days
on
which
em
ployees
worked
in 1
week
Aver
Aver Aver
Aver age
Per
age
age
age
full
full hours cent of earn time
time actually full
earn
ings
hours worked time
per
ings
per
in 1 worked hour
per
week week
week
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
Other precision-machine operators,
male:
New England_______ ________
Middle Atlantic_____________
East North Central__ _______
1
2
1
0)
27
0)
0)
5.3
0)
O
47.7
0)
0)
46.7
0)
Occupation, sex, and district
0)
0) * (1)
97.9 $0.778 $37.11
0)
0)
0)
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
0)
$36.32
0)
Total......................................
4
35
5.3
48.2
48.2 | 100.0
.756
36.45
38.45
Other skilled employees, male:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic____________ East North Central__________
Western________ ____________
2
2
6
3
48
138
41
14
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.9
50.3
48.0
49.6
49.3
52.4
50.9
51.8
47.7
104.2
106.0
104.4
96.8
.888
.824
.887
.857
44.67
39.55
44.00
42.25
46.51
41.91
45.89
40.85
Total.......................................
13
241
5.4
48.8
51.1
104.7
.849
41.43
43.44
Other employees, male:
New England...........................
Middle Atlantic........................
East North Central__________
Western__ __________________
2
2
6
3
19
115
27
5
5.6
5.1
6.1
6.2
50.3
48.2
50.6
56.5
54.0
48.4
62.0
54.4
107.4
100 4
122.5
96.3
.575
.597
.789
.528
28.92
28.78
39.92
29.83
31.01
28.90
48.93
28.71
Total......................................
13
166
5.3
49.1
51.4
104.7
.630
30.93
32.39
All occupations, male:
New England____ __________
Middle Atlantic...........- ______
East North Central__________
Western_________ ____ ______
2
2
7
3
704
1,831
569
186
5.3
5.2
6.0
5.8
50.2
48.0
49.8
49.7
52.8
48.0
55.7
46.9
105.2
100 0
111.9
94.4
.659
.702
.748
.784
33.08
33.73
37.25
38.96
34.81
33.73
41.68
36.80
Total_____________________
14
3,290
5.4
48.9
50.3
102.9
.706
34.52
35.51
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
T a b le
B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district
AIRPLANES
Occupation, sex, and district
Assemblers, final, male:
46 $0,681
276 .720
18 .806
109 .698
88 . 539
25 .520
118 .646
680
.674
Coverers, fabric, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
South Atlantic - _______- ______________
East North Central
....
West North Central _____ __
West South Central
Western
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . . ____
3
7
4
5
6
3
1
9
35
13
32
20
7
0)
.554
.650
.668
. 570
.605
.432
0)
T o ta l.............. ...........................................
29
118
.604
Cowl makers, male:
New England______ ____________________
Middle Atlantic________________________
South Atlantic_____________ - ___________
East North Central . _____ ____
West North Central____________________
West South C e n tr a l.._____ _ __
W estern . . . . . . . . . . . . __ . . . _____ _
2
9
4
7
g
4
3
23
130
36
29
24
7
16
.745
. 734
.765
. 791
.690
.713
.798
Total...........................................................
37
265
.744
Fitters and bench hands, male:
New England_______________ . . . ________
Middle A tlantic..._____________________
South Atlantic................................- .............
3
9
4 1
51
.661
714
.684
33 ! .649
3
6
3
5
3
15
2
7
5
7
2
8
11
1
1
17
21
5
6
2
21
23
1
1
?
1
7
3
7
1
3
4
10
3
9
4
55
2
11
9
1
24
9
38
3
11
8
7
58
6
4
5
22
6
8
20
1
6
1
1
5
57
44
127
106
91
86
42
15
18
2
6
1
3
5
2
.....
2
3
1
3
2
3
3
2
1
5
2
9
4
1
5
1
3
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
0)
3
9
16
1
1
1
9
13
1 .....
2
10
52
1
12
9
4
39
7
1
5
2
1
1
3
3
18
1
1
14
25
ENGINES
40
6
1
1
75, 80, 85. 90, 95. 100, 125, 150, 200
un un un un un un un un and
der der der der der der der der over
95 100 125 150 175
80
85 90
AIRCRAFT
. . . . . . . . . . . . __ . . . . . . . . . _______
Total
3
!
50, 55, 60, 65, 70,
un un un un under der der der ; der
55 60
75
65 70
AND
East North Central . . . ..... ................ .
West North Central
West South Central
Western
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ____ . . . . . . .
4
9
3
8
8
4
4
of employees whose earnings in cents per hour were—
0)
19
7
14
9
19
13
2
3
1
10
1
1
1
30
4
4
4
1
6
22
3
3
1
4
13
12
7
4
1
3
1
12
5
5
4
8
11
2
2
12
1
1
5
5
1
3
3
2
1
1
7
2
3
22
fl
44
35
44
32
30
16
2
8
53 152
4 i: 6
14
132
4
14
117
5
6
112
5
2
67
1
1
43
12
4
8
4
1
1
5
6
3
6
.....
1
1
3
1
17
9
16
3
3
8 !
2
AIRPLANES
Number
Aver
age
earn 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,
Es
Em ings un
un un un* |un un
tab ploy
per
der der der der der
lish*
hour der
35 40
45 50
25 30
ments ees
Number of—
1
1
1
2
East North Central..
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western___________
3248°—30-----------3
T otalFrame builders, steel, fuselage, male:
New E ngland...............................
Middle Atlantic............................
South Atlantic...____ ___________
East North Central_______ _____
West North Central....... ...... ........
West South Central_____________
Western_______________ ________
Total..
Helpers, male:
New England______
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic..........
East North Central..
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western-----------------Total..
Inspectors, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
South Atlantic..........
East North Central..
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western_____ . . . ___
Total..
.700
.474
0)
.664
4
0)
4
0)
4
0)
7
34
1,152
.665
5
10
10
3
7
3
6
8
3
3
16
133
19
57
61
13
31
.671
.804
.689
.697
.549
.493
.641
33
330
.699
3
8
3
5
7
4
4
13
236
19
67
63
19
96
.623
.700
.652
.532
.610
.542
.695
34
513
.656
3
9
4
7
8
3
4
110
428
68
55
35
9
162
.472
.494
.428
.483
.445
.334
.506
38
867
.484
3
9
4
8
8
2
3
11
111
31
35
25
7
51
.875
.893
.805
.841
.631
.677
.793
37
271
.827
6
9
6
8
2
4
25
26
24
29
34
47
25
5
1
1
9
16
71
99
202
192
192
173
97
49
11
7
9
3
3
1
2
2
10
1
6
4
16
14
2
11
9
5
15
12
1
8
2
17
3
4
7
6
30
24
2
9
1
19
1
3
16
10
2
1
1
13
21
54
50
34
50
37
24
17
10
3
1
1
3
5
4
12
3
2
2
6
3
18
11
7
1
1
11
38
2
42
.....
Io’
3
15
12
3
1
1
1
6
2
3
7
2
27
1
1
1
2
13
1
10
14
2
63
3
5
6
6
2
23
4
4
5 ”
31
46
24
78
85
49
96
47
24
6
1
2
20
91
19
13
7
2
6~ 60
23
128
7
10
3
1
39
17
50
1
5
2
5
42
2
18
1
4
1
3
42
5
5
1
2
1
212
211
117
60
30
5
2 | 1
1
..
1
2
1
14
4
'io*
2
1
12
7
2
2
1
9
2
1
4
.....
4
21
4
4
1
7
25
42
4
4
6
3
8
1
6
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
3
2
3
—...
1
5
1
1
19
3
7
1
1
3
1
1
2
10
3
1
4
1
5
7
7
1
2
4
1
*Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
2
8
12
4
2
4
20
11
20
11
1
3
1
1
30
75
29
17
13
48
170
3
1
1
1
4
2
’ "ie" ■ 'a
—...
4
1
1
3
2
2
1
7
1
3
3
1
4
4
11
3
10
20
1
4
1
17
7
7
3
!
2
13
6
7
1
.....
1
10
3
2
13
4
37
32
23
TABLES
Total-
62
57
(0
223
GENERAL
Frame builders, wood, wing, male:
New England..............................
Middle Atlantic______________
South Atlantic............. ..............
East North Central........ ...........
West North Central....... ...........
West South Central_____ _____
Western.......................................
6
8
1
3
4
1
1
1
i
l
1
2
1
14
36
6
1
1
to
CO
T a b le
B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
Ca
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Laborers, male:
37
539
.520
Machinsists, male:
New England
_
__ - _____
Middle Atlantic
- ____
South Atlantic
East North Central
.. . ................. . ,
West North Central
_
. .
West South Central
_ _ _ _ ____ _
Western.............................. .........................
Total...............................- ..........................
3
7
4
6
7
3
4
34
32
76
19
21
22
10
15
195
.792
.802
.773
.748
.684
.754
.759
.773
Painters, spray, male:
New England
_______________________
Middle Atlantic________________________
South Atlantic
East North Central _ .
. _
West North Central____ _____ ____
West South Central _________
_ . _
Western.........................................................
Total................................ - ........................
3
9
4
8
6
4
4
38
16
93
17
27
27
6
36
222
.676
.722
.605
.744
.438
.592
.627
.660
Sewing-machine operators, female:
New E ngland__ ____________
Middle Atlantic_____________ .
j
South Atlantic___ __ - ___ ______
!
East North C entral...__ ________
West North Central..................................... J
2
6
2
2
1
7
18
6
2
0)
.357
.475
.341
.344
(0
West North Central
West South Central
Western __ _ . . .
__
_ ____ ____ _
Total _____ __________ ______________
4
2
3
3
2
8
1
2
5
5
3
9
1
1
11
13
23
16
15
21
13
18
1
2
7
22
5
3
6
2
1
21
69
5
19
8
3
25
4
53
1
6
5
1
11
3
36
2
5
4
2
10
1
18
4
2
4
1
6
2
1
86
46
150
81
62
27
11
8
12
2
4
1
9
1
3
32
7
23
5
2
6
3
5
51
1
12
1
3
2
13
5
5
2
6
1
4
21
1
2
28
2
11
3
1
1
1
3
4
4
6
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
6
4
6
3
5
2
2
17
1
1
3
3
4
1
1
2
3
4
1
1
0)
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
4
2
8
21
5
4
1
2
1
2
5
8
4
13
3
3
3
4
25
1
2
1
2
4
39
14
40
2
1
6
1
1
9
3
2
4
2
9
3
2
4
4
4
2
12
28
5
9 ..... .....
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
22
12
49
1
6
4
5
12
4
3
1
1
3
1
5
4
3
2
2
2
5
4
ENGINES
.493
.545
.420
.614
.439
.388
.552
_ . .
AIRCRAFT
56
232
45
71
58
19
58
- -
50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 125, 150, 200
un un un un un un un un un un un un un and
der der der der der der der der der der der der der over
55 60
65 70
75 80
95 100 125 150 175
85 90
AND
3
9
4
8
7
3
3
Middle Atlantic...........
South Atlantic
- -
of employees whose earnings in cents per hour were—
AIRPLANES
Number
Aver
age
earn 20, 25. 30, 35, 40, 45,
EsEm ings un
un un un un un
tab- ploy
per
der der der der der
lishhour der
35 40 45
50
25 30
ments ees
Number of—
West South Central........................
Western................................ _.........
(9
Total..............................................
42
tiheet-metal workers, hand, male:
New England..................... ............
Middle Atlantic_____________ ____
South Atlantic........... .....................
East North Central........ ................
West North Central.......................
West South Central.....................
Western............................................
(9
137
33
133
30
7
157
Total.............. . ..............................
(')
(9
.765
.731
.743
(,)2
8
6
2
3
24
26
94
Total..............................................
264
.822
16
267
.667
.792
.808
.800
.685
.649
.777
21
72
90
32
37
Woodworking-machine operators, male:
New England.............. ....................
Middle Atlantic....... ......................
South Atlantic.................................
East North Central.................. .......
West North Central.......................
West South Central........................
Western............................................
567
13
5
20
119
.727
11
20
33
.764
.711
.758
.765
.657
.688
.701
.749
41
17
24
46
3
24
5
2
1
4
(9
15
6
17
4
(9
13
3
16
4
"~64’
74
107
24
71
11
18
....
~~2~
....
14
2
1
....
9
....
1
1
2
" l2’
12
18
26
1
13
2
13
35
4
3
12
10
2
2
2
14
11
1
TABLES
7
28
12
2
1
(9
....
.799
.918
.848
.726
.858
31
4
3
GENERAL
66
Welders, male:
New England...................... ...........
Middle Atlantic........................ .......
South Atlantic................................
East North Central.........................
West North Central........................
West South Central. . .....................
Western............................................
Total..............................................
(9
.410
.728
Toolmakers, male:
New England....... .......................... .
Middle Atlantic...............................
South Atlantic................................. .
East North Central..... ................... .
West North Central........................
West South Central........................ .
Western.............. ..............................
Total.......................................... .
(9
.444
3
14
15
55
64
55
56
3
5
35
7
19
47
1
23
2
1
1
3
7
4
4
6
1
19
18
18
2
20
11
24
12
17
86
90
21
21
11
1
5
3
1
1
1
4
17
2
79
43
4
11
1
8
2
10
2
7
1
1
11
22
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
00
T a b le
B. — Average and classified earnings per hour in 28 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
05
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Occupation, sex, and district
Assemblers, male:
2
2
7
2
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
Western
5
12
13
1
8
14
13
2
4
3
15
8
10
4
16
1
3
2
6
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
15
8
31
31 ! 37
30
31
15
2
3
1
4
2
1
1
21
32
1
1
28
29
2
46
48
7
2
20
44
22
1
26
3
8
16
3
8
7
4
1
1
1
1
8
55
€1
103
87
44
27
8
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
1
3
9
4
2
12
26
5
0
16
22
9
8
21
5
1
9
7
8
4
7 -15
1
2
127
212
41
24
. f 02
.635
. 645
.683
1
1
1
12
404
.628
1
2
2
2
6
1
55
114
39
0)
.714
.821
.812
0
_____ _
11
216
.791
2
0
127
30
0
0
.744
.793
0
1
2
...
1
2
7
1
11
210
.753
3
i
4
3
3
1
0
0
10
15
44
47
34
20
15
0)
8
0
12
1
0
43
1
0)
29
6
0
15
7
0
0
14
1
0
0)
1
3
7
0) ~ W
33
20
18
23
50
38
14
=====
8
4
ENGINES
____..... __
0)
AIRCRAFT
..,
6
6
18
1
AND
Total ......................
6
2
2
2
6
2
Total...........................................................
-
13
2
.714
Grinding-machine operators, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
Western
. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . __
1
205
Fitters and bench hands, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
estern
Total
50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 125, 150, 200
un un un un un un un un un un un un un and
der der der der der der der der der der der der der over
95 100 125 150 175
65 70
75 80
85 90
55 60
13
Total................................... ......................
Inspectors, male:
New England - . . .
Middle Atlantic . . .
East North Central
Western . . .
..
36 $0,741
fc3 . f!48
89
.735
17 .770
of employees whose earnings in cents per hour were—
17
1
2
0
4
AIRPLANES
Number
Aver
age
earn 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,
EsEm ings un
un un un un un
tabper
der der der der der
lish- ploy
hour der
ments ees
25 30
35 40 45 50
Number of—
■■
===== .
—ra
Laborers, male:
New England_______ ______ ____________
Middle Atlantic............................................
East North Central......................................
Western......... .................... .........................
2
2
6
1
37
162
27
<9
.493
.637
.492
<9
1
<9
2
4
9
5
14
20
7
7
32
6
100
45
1
1
2
1
6
4
6
10
20
10
3
28
3
(9
1
19
2
4
3
16
40
35
22
1
4
3
1
6
4
3
1
5
15
5
5
8
6
4
10
14
30
28
11
235
.626
2
2
6
1
24
97
36
(9
.681
.798
.791
(9
1
Total...........................................................
11
167
.783
1
2
.767
.769
.784
.849
1
.795
1
Machinists, male:
New England...............................................
Middle Atlantic............................................
JSast North Central......................................
Western.........................................................
3
3
26
38
19
40
Total______________ _______ ___________
10
123
C
4
Pata included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
2
1
8
7
(9
8
9
2
(9
8
6
(9
5
4
3
15
19
9
3
5
6
14
2
1
1
1
1
7
2
1
26
10
4
2
=
TABLES
41
1
<*> 1
!.......
14 | 7
GENERAL
Total...........................................................
Lathe operators, engine, male:
New England................................................
Middle Atlantic............................................
East North Central......................................
Western.........................................................
18
i !1
9 1 7
11
78
8
<9
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
34
T a b l e C .—
Average and classified full-time hours per week in 28 specified occupa
tions, 1929, by sex and district
AIRPLANES
Number of— Aver Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
age
full
Over
Occupation, sex, and
Over
Over
48,
50,
district
Estab Em time
45,
and
47 47H 48 un 50 un
lish ploy- hours
per 40 44 45 un
over
der
der
der
ments
week
50
54
47
Assemblers, final, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic......
South Atlantic.........
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western....................
Total...... ..........
46
276
18
109
88
25
118
40
Coverers, fabric, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic.......
South Atlantic.........
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western....................
Total..................
35
13
32
20
7
0)
29
Cowl makers, male:
New England....... ..
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic.........
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western....................
Total..................
Total..................
25
47.6
25
48.2
51
714
33
62
57
47.6
47.6
50.7
48.5
48.3
223
47.0
34 1,152
47.7
0)
0)
70
59 125 117
39
78
56 i 12
12
16
25
12
12
35
46
17
18
36
11
12
13
46
32
72
12
107
62
137
13
80 349 251
73
0)
125
12
37
1?
Total..................
330
47.7
13
236
19
67
63
19
96
49.1
47.1
49.3
49.8
47.0
50.4
46.5
513
47.6
34
42
34
42
74
51
16
31
64
24
78
45
38
13
10
48
41
83
54
32
67
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
13
0)
16 49.5
133 46.8
19 49.3
57 *9.4
61 47.9
50.3
31 45.5
Frame builders, wood
wing, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic.......
South Atlantic.........
East North CentralWest North Central.
West South Central .
Western...................
Total__________
1 I 60
0)
265
Frame builders, steel
fuselage, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic.........
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western...... .............
12
43
24
48.4
47.8
48.1
50.2
47.1
47.9
50.1
46.2
37
43
48.2
47.6
50.3
49.5
46.6
50.1
23
130
36
29
24
7
16
Fitters and bench
hands, male:
New England.........
Middle Atlantic.......
South Atlantic_____
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western....................
12
48.2
47.8
49.2
47.0
48.1
50.6
46.1
27
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le
35
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 28 specified occupa
tions, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
AIRPLANES—Continued
Number of— Aver Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
age
j
full
Over
Over
Over
Occupation, sex, and
time
45, i
48,
50,
Estab Em hours
60
district
lish ploy per 40 44 45 un 47 47H 48 un 50 un 54 55 and
der
der
der
over
ments ees week
47
54
50
Helpers, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic----South Atlantic_____
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
3
9
4
7
8
3
4
110
428
68
55
35
9
162
47.6
47.2
50.6
49.9
47.7 . . . .
50.8
46.2
38
867
47.6 ----- 47
Middle Atlantic----South Atlantic
East North CentralWest North CentralWest South CentralWestern _______
3
9
4
8
8
2
3
11
111
31
35
25
7
51
48.5
46.9
16
49.4
5
47.6 " T
48.3
"I"
51.6
46.3 . . . .
2
Total..................
Inspectors, male:
43
i i
37
271
47.5
3
9
4
8
7
3
3
56
232
45
71
58
19
58
47.7
47.7 . . . . 35
57.1
48.0 18
48.6
"T
50.6
46.6
48.6
7
Total__________
37
539
Machinists, male:
New England____ _
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic_____
East North CentralWest North CentralWest South CentralW e s t e r n . _____
3
7
4
6
7
3
4
32
76
19
21
22
10
15
47.8
47.0 ----50.0
49.2
48.4
49.5
46.9
47.9 -----
Total__ _______
34
195
Painters, spray, male:
New England______
Middle Atlantic
South Atlantic.........
East North Central.
West North CentralWest South CentralWestern___________
3
9
4
8
6
4
4
16
93
17
27
27
6
36
18
!
6
Total-................
26
42
1
1
4
4
15
26
15
30
27
3
11
3
7
27
40
58
31
45
35
7
62
10
3
4
33 ! 36
38 108
88
10
26
24
30
5
9
5
2
19
5
10
2
3
75
3
5
9
21
3
222
48.6
2
* 6
2
2
1
1
3
7
18
6
2
47.9
46.6
49.7
49.8
8 .
44.8 . . . .
3
1
1
Total..................
17
42
47.7 . . . .
6
7
2
15
20
3
6
13
15
3
5
8
37
20 1 3
4
40
8
12
13
9
30
19
33
4
64
50
7
25
2
14
6
11
2
3
5
32
55
26
6
12
30
3
12
3
1
4
8
30
2
3
4
8
16
2
14
2
1
12
4
2
14
12
10
4
11
56
22
2
2
2
5
3
1
9
31
1
5
1
18
2
0)
4
4
3
1
3
4
1
2
2
18
5
10
0)
8
3
2
2
4
10
38
67 1 1
4
4
8
Total..................
9
]Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
12
9
7
1
2
1
21
28
3
!
5
3
51
2
25
3
19
43 I___
1
2
2
Sewing-machine oper
ators, female:
New England______
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic_____
East North CentralWest North CentralWest South Central.
W astern ...
5
17
42
11
4
17
12
2
47.8
49.1 — - 11
49.8
5
47.6
49.7
"T
49.7
46.7
4
3
8
1
96 |— . 59
47 |108 |43 350 114
3
4
10
96
4
12 i 6
4
Laborers, male:
New England____ Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic. ____
East North CentralWest North Central .
West South Central .
Western__________
96
35 195
40
1
6
5
10 . . . .
12
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
36
T able
C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23 specified occupar
tions, 1929} by sex and district— Continued
AIRPLANES—Continued
Number of— Aver Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
age
full
Over
Over
Over
Occupation, sex, and
time
48,
Em
50,
45,
Estab
60
district
lish ploy- hours 40 44 45 un 47 47H 48 un 50 un 54 55 and
per
der
der
der
ments
over
week
50
54
47
Sheet-metal workers,
band, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic.......
East North Central.
West North CentralWest South Central.
Western...............
Total.
%
36
48.1
49.7
49.1
47.9
49.4
46.0
503
47.8
Toolmakers, male:
New England___
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic.........
East North Central.
West North CentralWest South CentralWestern________
47.8
47.1
52.2
46.0
48.9
50.9
47.3
Total.
Welders, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic........
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western..... .............
Total .
0)
33
133
30
7
157
264
48.5
16
267
4& 5
47.2
49.7
48.8
48.0
51.1
46.4
21
72
90
37
567
Woodworking-machine
operators, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic___
South Atlantic........
East North Central.
West North Central.
West South Central.
Western...................
12
13
14
43
109
10
67
31
6
20
22
23
12
10
23
10
10
10
36 | 51
37
23
55
25
64
47.8
19
12
43
65
20
22
64
52
19
48.1
47.2
49.5
49.9
46.8
50.0
46.0
Total.
119
47.8
212
16
23
22
10
A IRCRAFT ENGINES
Assemblers, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic___
East North Central.
Western_____
Total .
Fitters and bench
hands, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic___
East North Central.
Western_____
Total.
2
2
7
2
36
63
89
17
50.7
47.7
49.8
49.4
41
13
205
49.3
41
22
2
2
6
2
127
212
41
24
50.1
47.6
49.9
49.5
178
34
12
404
48.7
178
31
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
^Including 2 whose hours were 42&
61
45
92
5
124
3
10
23
34
5
28
17
31
1
33 156
3
1
GENERAL TABLES
37
T a b l e C . — Average
and classified full-time hours per week in
tions, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
specified occupa-
A IR C RA FT ENGINES—Continued
Number of— Aver Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
age
full
Over
Over
Occupation, sex, and
Over
time
45,
48,
Estab Em hours
50,
| 60
district
lish ploy per 40 44 45 un 47 47H 48 un 50 un 54 55 and
der
der
der
over
ments ees week
54
47
50
G rind ing-m achin e
operators, male:
New England____
Middle Atlantic......
East North Central .
W estern
__ ____
2
2
6
1
55
114
39
(9
50.1
48.2
50.6
(9
Total..................
11
216
49.2
Inspectors, male:
New England_____
Middle Atlantic......
East North Central.
W estern___________
1
2
7
1
(9
127
30
<9
<9
47.9
49.8
<9
Total..................
11
Laborers, male:
New England_____
Middle Atlantic___
East North Central.
W estern___________
Total.................
65
65
44
74
51
210 48.7
74
51
2
2
6
1
37
162
27
(9
50.3
47.9
49.9
(9
93
67
11
235
48.5
93
67
1
18
6
23
72
7
5
5
(9
10
(9
20
16
67
2
!
35
2
17
(9
9
1
26
44
3
2
2
2
l1
Lathe operators, en
gine, male:
New England..........
Middle Atlantic
East North Central.
W estern___________
2
2
6
1
24
97
36
(9
50.2
48.4
50.3
<9
167
49.2
60
31
26 51.0
38 47.7
19 49.5
40 49.6
22
16
22
16
Total__________
11
Machinists, male:
New England.........
Middle Atlantic......
East North Central.
Western___________
2
2
3
3
Total..................
10
123
49.3
60
23
1
15
<9
17
4
25
40
5
21
5
31
» Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
54
15
(9
44
19
28
12
47
33
5
6
6
T a b le
D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 23 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district
AIRPLANES
Occupation, sex, and district
1
?,
?,
2
1
1
46
276
18
109
88
25
118
43.5
51.3
51.5
45.2
46.3
50.5
45.8
Total........................................... —
40
680
48.2 1 8
___
______
Total_____ _____________________
Cowl makers:
New England
*
Middle Atlantic___________________
South Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central-West South Central _
__
Western
Total____ . . . . ___ - _____ ________
Fitters and bench hands, male:
New England
__ «___
Middle Atlantic____ ____ __________
3
7
4
5
6
3
1
29
9 - 45.8
35
51.6
47.5
13
32
47.9
45.5
20
7
46.7
0)
0)
118
48.3
7
2
2
19
36
45
44
1
4
1
2
1
5
8
6
1
1
8
3
3
19
.....
5
5
1
1
30
12
18
110
74
3
5
11
6
r
1
2
6
1
45.7
49.9
47.6
44.0
47.9
51.3
45.8
1
37
265
48.2
2
1
1
2
3 !
2
2
45.8
45.7 1 9
4
4
2
13
2
12
9
1
1
12
2
i
4
4
1
3
10
14
13
2
4
3
3
38
!
i 5
6 i 94
1
42
16
25
1
8
22
1
37
3
1
5
2
1
6
63
2
7
1
6
4 ! 14
3
2
1
1 18
8
1
4
5
11 i
4
8
2
5
2
2
4
7
7
2
9
2
43
27
27
1
1
1
2 I
6
6
15
2
1
25
1
1
1
2
4
29
I
134 i 44
148
2
43
1
2
9
6
5
1
5
2
66
6
1
2
3
2
1
6
8
9
13
3
2
1
3
2
1
12
4
1
21
9
2
4
3
1
1
9
20
38
3
|
8
1
6 ! 42
39
27 ' 33
2
21
5
1
2
9
3
1
l
0)
6 | 1
4
1
3
3
1
0)
23
130
36
29
24
7
16
51
714
34
4
10
16
1
6
6
1
4
1
1
2
9
4
7
g
4
3
3
9
4
3
5
2
14
1
9
8
2
4
1
1
4
1
1
2
12
1
6
5
2
5
51
3
12
6
6
31
75
2
1
4
6
2
1
2
4
| 1
4
1
3
6
3
2
4
1
1
| 8
12
19
13
3
1
2
1
2
4
1
____i____
66
1i 1
1
3
25
16
16
4
ENGINES
Coverers, fabric, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
South Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central
Western
_ _____
1
1
3
AIRCRAFT
4
9
3
8
s
4
4
.....
Over
Over
Over
Over
60
55.
54,
50.
48,
un 50 un 54 un 55 un and
der over
der
der
der
60
54
55
50
AND
2
____
________
____
_______
__________
Middle Atlantic...... .
gouth Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central
Western
_____
in 1 week were—
AIKPLANES
Assemblers, final, male:
Number of employees whose hours actually worked
Number of— Aver
age
hours
Over
Over
Over
Over
actu
16, 24. I 32.
44.
45,
47J4
Estab Em
ally Un un
un ! un 40 40,
un 44 un 45 un 47H un 48
lish ploy worked der der
der
der
der
der
der
16 24 32 40
der
in 1
ments ees
44
45
48
47H
week
South Atlantic..........
East South Central..
West North Central.
West South Central..
Western...... ..............
33
62
57
0)
223
Total.
Frame builders, steel fuselage, male:
New England................................
Middle Atlantic............. ..............
South Atlantic.............. ................
East North Central....... ..............
West North Central.....................
West South Central......................
Western___ ___________ ________
Total.
33
45.9
16
133
19
57
61
13
31
44.4
47.5
49.2
48.0
44.1
50.5
44.9
330
46.8
13
47.1
110
44.6
45.7
45.5
47.7
43.2
46.3
45.8
428
68
55
35
Total.
Inspectors, male:
New England....... .
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic..........
East North Central..
West North CentralWest South CentralWestern.......... ..........
37
867
45. €
11
111
31
35
25
7
51
48.5
49.6
47.4
47.3
50.1
51.6
46.1
271
48.5
32
1
3
30
14
4
1
1
2
141
256
45
1
1
3
4
4
13
25
49
10
....
20
29
107
17
22
35
12
3
2
1
26
15
42
20
1
1
14
14
1
2
10
20
27
24
2
2
2
7
13
1
13
7
28
3
3
5
23
1
"~2
14
14
53
15
65
65
27
6
7
14
10
1
1
6
42
5
2
11
1
11
40
119
.....
11
1
19
56
1
50
15
24
30
4
1
1
1
27
20
2
3
52~
29
173
25 I 10
14
5
3
2
2
~70~
"Y
25
19
3
17
33
29
1
87
10
20
1
57
40
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
10
6
0)
TABLES
513
1
0)
~l¥ 120
11
73
20
19
3
3
2
GENERAL
34
1
4
0)
0)
45.9
46.8
52.1
46.3
47.0
55.9
45.8
Helpers, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic..........
East North Central..
West North CentralWest South Central..
Western______ _____
Total.
12
0)
46.7
1,152
Frame builders, wood wing, male:
New England.............................
Middle Atlantic.........................
South Atlantic...........................
East North Central...................
West North Central..................
West South Central..................
Western....................................
Total.
49.4
47.4
41.6
17
1
4
15
2
1
29
’l5'
3
20
7
12
2
2
29
14
” 2"
5
1
23
27
CO
CO
T a b le
D . — Average
and classified hours actually worked in one week in 28 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
Laborers, male:
3
9
4
!
7i
3 j
3I
____
- --____________
37 ! 539
49.7
3
32
7 | 76
4 1 19
6 , 21
7
22
3
10
4
15
45.6
44.7
43.9
45.5
44.0
47.8
49.2
34
195
45.3
Painters, spray, male:
New England
- - - _____ ____
Middle Atlantic ...............................
South Atlantic
East North Central
- ...
West North Central
West South Central
.....
Western
3
9
4
8
6
4
4
16
93
17
27
27
6
36
45. 6
50.1
53.2
46.1
46.5
51.9
46.6
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ___
38
222
48.6
6
7 1 io
23
23
1
1
2
4
1
6
2
3
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
4
5
10
1
2
2
1
1
4
2
13
7
3
5
21
2
1
2
2
3
1
5
1
1
1
1i
1
1
1
5
2
7
9
1
1
2
9
9
1
1
3
2
1 .....
2
1
3
1
1
5
8
30
10
4
1
1
2
1
2
8 !
5
1
25
1
3
12
30
28
8
1
1
23
6
65
73
10
21
24
1
1
3
2
2
1
14
6
1
3
5
1
1
2
2
6
12
_
2
4
36
11
1
6
3
11
1
2
5
2
2
1
1
41
22
72
11
3
1
1
1
3
7
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
5
8
8
9
1 10
4
2
5 .....
5
8
1
1
1
12
4
3
2
6
31
25
4
9
6.
14
7
6
19
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
12
16
2
1
2
12
5
5
4
1
1
2
3
1
9
7
4
24
19
1
6
Over
Over
Over
55,
60
50.
54,
un 54 un 55 un and
der
der over
der
55
60
54
1
1
37
2
4
2
1
2
3
38
10
15
4
3
1
1
48
74
2
1
3
1
2
3
13
2
3
4
15
8
3
5
1
1
14
33
5
10
1
8
20
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
14
30
___ t
ENGINES
Total
i
17~
3
1
2
12
1
4
1
2
1
48.5
2
51.0
53.8 . . . . .
46.5
49.1
52.6
1
46.5
50
AIRCRAFT
Total..................................................
Machinists, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
South Atlantic
■Root Mnrth Hpntrfll
"West North Central
"West South Central
"Western
56
232
45
*71
fift
19
58
Over
48,
un
der
50
AND
Middle Atlantic___________________
AHontip
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central
Western.................................................
in 1 week were—
AIRPLANES
Number of employees whose hours actually worked
Number of— Aver
age
hours
Over
Over
Over
Over
actu
16, 24, 32,
47J4,
44,
45,
40,
ally Un un
Estab Em
un un
lish ploy worked der der der der 40 un 44 un 45 un 47H un 48
der
der
der
der
16 24 32 40
ments ees
in 1
48
47H
45
44
week
Sewing-machine operators, female:
New England...................... ................
Middle Atlantic___________________
South Atlantic________ _____ - _____
East North Central________________
West North Central________________
West South Central.............................
Western.......... .....................................
2
6
2
2
1
1
3
7
18
6
2
0)
0)
5
44.5
47.0
49.3
44.7
0)
37.5
1
Total..................................................
17
42
46.0
1
0)
5
2
2
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
8
2
5
2
2
5
1
2
1
4
2
C)
1
7
2
2
2
3
4
0)
4
1
2
=====
------ =
0)
137
33
133
30
7
157
(l)
49.1
43.8
46.3
46.2
49.4
44.9
4
Total___________________________
36
503
46.5
6
2
Toolmakers, male:
New England_____________________
Middle Atlantic___________________
South Atlantic...................... ..............
East North Central___________ ____
West North Central............................
West South Central________________
Western__________________ ________
3
8
3
5
4
2
3
94
66
31
12
7
28
26
44.6
45.7
48.9
41.3
43.4
51.6
46.7
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
6
1
5
1
7
12
31
21
27
2
1
1
3
7
4
2
3
3
4
3
2
5
Total____________________ _______
28
234
46.0
Welders, male:
New England___________ _______ _
Middle Atlantic___________________
South Atlantic.............. ................. .
East North Central_____________ . . .
West North Central_______________
West South Central___:____________
Western___________________ _______
4
9
4
7
7
3
3
16
267
21
72
90
32
69
44.6
46.2
50.3
49.3
44.6
50.1
47.4
1
2
Total___________________________
37
567
46 8
6
1
1
4
3 Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
5
5
11
5
(l)
2
5
4
4
’ "l7*
1
1
4
2
11
16
3
9
2
15
4
19
3
5
2
8
6
1
1
1
2
1
2
9
3
4
7
2
6
6
22
1
1
2
2
88
38
7
18
109
62
7
25
55
4
4
1
9
14
6
3
4
1
4
9
21
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
38
14
11
26
22
13
8
42 17
2 —. . .
6
34
1
5
2
26
4
2
68
23
8
1
10
16
36
2
2
12
4
5 “ 44"
1
2
3
7
10
9
13
11 “ i i ”
2
1
2
5
9
17
2
23
1
2
4
2
2
2
1
39
2
11
2
9
22
3
26
31
75
53
1
14
2
3
7
3
36
5
2
6
2
1
6
15
52
7
3
4
4
1
27
1
1
2
1
*2
5
4
9
74
3
q
1
1
0e
0
0
10
13
19
lO
1
1
17
7
2
1
I
2
2
12 | 32
1
1
31
2
3
2 -- --3
6
3
2
4
11
2
1
1
9
23
42
= =
25
Q
g
6
14
1
4
TO
O
o
4
IQ
lo
»A
0
1L
J
14
12
2
15
2
1
3
O
OK
O
$
5
3
1
1
0
1
1
ou
TABLES
1
9
4
8
8
2
4
GENERAL
Sheet-metal workers, hand, male:
New England_____________________
Middle Atlantic___ ___ . . . _________
South Atlantic................. ...................
East North Central________________
West North Central_______________
West South Central________________
Western__________________________
2
T a b le
D . — Average
and classified hours actually worked in one week in 28 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
AIRPLANES—Continued
Occupation, sex, and district
XTatit PlnaloTiH
Middle Atlantic
ix/’/vof
Western___________________ _______
1
33
119
47.4
1
1
1
1
1 .....
6
4
1
1
1
2
5
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
Over
60
55,
54.
50,
48.
47!4
44,
45,
40,
un 44 un 45 un 47^ un 48 un 50 un 54 un 55 un and
over
der
der
der
der
der
der
der
der
60
55
54
50
47H
48
44
45
2
1
6
1
6
1
1
1
7
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
8
5
15
8
2
7
12
12
1
9
1
1
1
2
2
13
4
1
4
7
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
4
1
‘ 2
1
5
11
8
2
5
7
12
2
14
10
*15
28
25
ENGINES
43.4
48.1
49.0
46.8
46. 7
57.3
45.5
9
40
AIRCRAFT
Total
41
11
20
13
5
20
32,
un
der
40
A IRCRAFT ENGINES
Assemblers, male:
New England.------- --------Middle Atlantic........ .........
East North Central---------Western............. .................
17
56.4
46.8
53.0
44.3
32
2
35
Total__________________
205
51.0
Fitters and bench hands, male:
New England......................
Middle Atlantic..................
East North Central---------Western...............................
127
212
41
24
53.4
46.3
54.6
45.2
404
49.3
Total__________________
12
1
3
21
1
10
1
116
34
11
15
120
1
7
"u
13
15
1
18
14
52
4
12
17
23
68
9
3
10
51
31
1
11
AND
South Atlantic
i?oct \Tnrth P^ntrnl
W aq| \Fftrth fl^ntrrtl
fiAiifh rioTitrol
3
8
4
4
7
3
4
Number of employees whose hours actually worked in 1 week were—
AIRPLANES
Woodworking-machine operators, male:
Number of— Aver
age
hours
actu
16. 24.
ally Un un
Estab Em
un
lish ploy worked der der der
in 1
16
ments ees
24 32
week
7
Grinding-machine operators, male:
New England................. --------Middle Atlantic.........................
East North Central...................
Western.................. ...... .............
TotalInspectors, male:
New England....... .
Middle Atlantic.......
East North Central.
Western....................
Total.
Total.
Total.
Machinists, male:
New England...........
Middle Atlantic.......
East North CentralWestern....................
Total.
216
51.6
(9
(9
(9
127
30
1
61
(9
7
2
15
3
8
(9
22
<9
48.0
53.3
58
<9
<9
<9
210
49.6
37
162
27
52.2
52.3
55.1
235
52.5
35
24
97
36
50.9
48.2
55.4
57
25
22
<9
<9
2
10
1
(l)
(9
21
(9
l
7
16
35
2
7
"T
18
(9
4
1
<9
2
(9
<9
167
50.0
59
26
51.7
49.1
49.0
44.9
18
48.3
19
(9
(9
23
o'
<9
24
12
9
14
35
(9"
45
(9
(9
5
(9.
2
7
31
5
3
26
7
43
36
13
2
2
12
1
7
<9
19
(9
17
10
35
3
5
21
16
1
TABLES
Lathe operators, engine, male:
New England.....................
Middle Atlantic................
East North Central...........
Western..............................
52.3
47.6
62.8
GENERAL
Laborers, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic........
East North CentralWestern.....................
55
114
39
17
14
17
*Data included in total but not given separately to avoid indentification.
CO
T a b le E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 28 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district
AIRPLANES
Number of employees whose earnings in 1 week were—
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and district
Assemblers, final, male:
Middle Atlantic...........................................
_____
1
40
680
32.49
3
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
8
1
6
12
19
9
4
7
5
13
2
13
25
7
11
43
76
18
1
5
1
25
6
1
3
2
12
36
7
6
10
1
4
2
7
17
17
13
5
4
7
4
4
2 .....
6
13
38
76
56
3
37
5
15
207
8
27
272
7
5
139
9
34.07
36.58
36.46
34.79
32 99
36.53
36.59
Total...................................................................
37
265
35.82
1
1
3
1
Fitters and bench hands, male:
M'aw Ulnffland
Mid d1ft Atlantic
South Atlantic...................................... - .............
3
9
4
51
714
33
30.30
31.23
32.03
3
6
1
4
1
13
2
1
1
4
3
$60,
un
der
$6ft
$65,
un
der
$70
7
2
5
4
1
4
3
3
9
7
5
4
3
3
4
5
6
2
1
4
8
2
5
11
3
4
11
1
1
1
0)
1
1
1
3
2
2
5
1
2
1
$85, $90
un
der and
$90 over
3
•
19
23
130
36
29
24
7
16
1
32
23
2
9
4
7
8
4
3
Cowl makers, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
South Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central
Western
48
25
29.15
2
2
1
14
118
2
131
5
8
2
29
T o ta l.................................................................
1
146
14
1
14
3
7
3
2
2
2
25.38
33.57
31.70
27.34
27. "6
20.18
0)
2
147
11 !
3
27
1
12
1
5
1
8
7
1
9
35
13
32
20
7
(9
__ _
11
66
8
24
11
3
7
3
4
6
1
0)
2
2
3
7
4
5
6
3
1
1
5
21
11
52
12
72
2
19
12
1
28
10
48
$70, $75, $80,
un un un
der der der
$75 $80 $85
$55,
un
der
$60
$40, $45, $50,
un un un
der der der
$45 $50 $55
2
2
1
34
22
14
26
2
6
1
3
1
1
1
4
1
i !....... i........
1
i
....... 1........!........
’ ____! 1 !____
ENGINES
Coverers, fabric, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
South Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central
"Western
$29.64
36.95
41.57
31. 56
24.95
26.28
29.59
$25, $30, $35,
un un un
der der der
$30 $35 $40
AIRCRAFT
Total...................................................................
46
276
18
109
88
25
118
$20,
un
der
$25
AND
East North Central
West North Central
West South Central
Western
4
9
3
g
g
4
4
11
$15,
un
der
$20
AIRPLANES
Aver
age
actual
$5, $10,
Estab Em earn Un un
un
lish ploy ings in der der der
ments ees 1 week $5 $10 $15
62
57
0)
223
33.22
19.73
0)
30.97
2
34
1,152
30.54
5
Frame builders, steel fuselage, male:
New England....... ................................................
Middle Atlantic.................................................. .
South Atlantic......................................................
East North Central......... ....................................
West North Central.......... ...................................
West South Central.............................................
Western............. .................... ..............................
3
7
3
6
8
3
3
16
133
19
57
61
13
31
29.77
38.15
33.92
33.42
24.20
24 92
28.78
Total.............................. ....................................
33
330
32 70
Frame builders, wood wing, male:
New England_________________ _____ __ _____
Middle Atlantic_____________ j ..........................
South Atlantic......................................................
East North Central..............................................
West North Central.............................................
West South Central.............................................
Western.................................................................
3
8
3
5
7
4
4
13
236
19
67
63
19
96
28.60
32.75
33.97
24.63
28.66
30.34
31.83
1
3 2 4 8 ° — 30-
Total..................................................................
2
9
10
20
33
57
59
59
8
2
42
108
304
377
233
45
10
1
2
1
2
3
6
1
3
1
2
5
16
1
1
1
13
4
12
20
6
42
3
13
2
1
3
1
12
1
8
1
1
8
1
4
6
3
1
22
2
43
6
12
11
3
4
15
29
72 ! 81
70
24
13
6
3 1
1
2
46
5
16
20
6
41
3
no
2
11
20
5
18
2
41
5
4
5
4
26
1
10
1
1
4
1
6
3
2
3
1
2
1
136
169
87
24
3
5
1
2
1
18
86
8
11
6
4
33
1
3
1
6
1
3
2
3
4
2
2
16
1
1
2
1
5
1
2
2
8
34
513
30.87
1
1
4
Helpers, male:
New England....... ................................................
Middle Atlantic.................................................. .
South Atlantic.._.................................................
East North Central............................................
West North Central.............................................
West South Central........................... ; ................
Western........ .......................................................
3
9
4
7
8
3
4
no
428
68
55
35
9
162
21.03
22.57
19.45
23.05
19.23
15.50
23.20
1
12
2
2
8
3
1
1
1
1
5
17
4
4
3
3
1
42 * 36
94 168
22
28
13
18
20
6
3
2
12 97
Total..................................................................
38
867
22.07
16
16
37
Inspectors, male:
New England........................................................
Middle Atlantic..... ..............................................
South Atlantic....................................... ..............
East North Central............................. ..............
West North Central.......... ..................................
West South Central.............................................
Western.................................................................
3
9
4
8
8
2
3
11
111
31
35
25
7
51
42.50
44.33
38.17
39.78
31.59
34.91
36.53
Total________________ ____________________
37
271
40.08
* Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
1
1
1
21
9
2
42
5
3
46
12
1 1
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
4
2
7
3
2
8
8
2
22
13
9
8
1
17
1
28
4
11
1
1
14
1
20
6
4
1
2
3
14
30
72
60
37
6
10
2|
1
i
2
i
2
1
11.......
1
171
1
1
i
355
206
1
1
8
4
TABLES
Total...................................................................
2
3
2
15
1i 2
23
11
6
7
3
! 4
35 ! 44
3
9
8
i
....... i........
.......
....... I
2
13
8
0)
1
GENERAL
6
8
1
3
East North Central........... .............................. __
West North Central......................................... .
West South Central.............. ................ ..............
Western______________________ _______ _____ _
1
14
4
10
1
1
15
15
i
1
1
6
3
i
1
T a b le
E .— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 28 specified occupations, 1929, by sex and district— Continued
^
AIRPLANES—Continued
Number of employees whose earnings in 1 week were—
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and district
25.88
37
15
65
5
6
7
6
35 I
25
63
146
139
97
41
13
17
53
63
36.14
35.85
33.92
33.99
30.11
36.05
37.33
34
195
34.99
Painters, spray, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic____
South Atlantic......... .
East North Central..
West North CentralWest South CentralWestern____________
Total..
Sewing-machine operators, female:
New England_______________
Middle Atlantic_____________
South Atlantic----------------------
$30
6
30
10
18
32.05
15.90
22.34
16.80
27
25
14
1
ENGINES
Total.......................
$25
AIRCRAFT
Total..
$20
56 $023.91
232
27. 78
22.58
45
28.53
71
21.54
58
19
20.43
25.67
58
Machinists, male*
New England............
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic..........
East North Central..
West North CentralWest South CentralWestern____________
$65, $70, $75, $80, $85,
un un un un un u n -! un un un un un un un un un and
der der der der der der i der der der der der der der der der over
$65 $70 $75 $80 $85
$35 $40 $45 $50 $55
AND
Laborers, male:
New England____ . . .
Middle Atlantic____
South Atlantic..........
East North Central..
West North CentralWest South Central..
Western____________
I.
$15, $20, $25, $30, $35, $40, 1$45, $50, $55,
AIRPLANES
Aver
age
actual
Estab Em earn Un
lish ploy- ings in der
1 week $5
ments
East North Central..
West North Central West South Central..
Western____ _______
Total.
Bheet-metal workers, hand, male:
New England..... .....................
Middle Atlantic........................
South Atlantic...................... .
East North Central..................
West North Central............. . .
West South Central.................
Western....................... ............
Total .
Total.
Woodworking-machine operators, male:
New England.....................................
Middle Atlantic.................................
South Atlantic.............. .............. ......
East North Central...........................
West North Central........ .................
West South Central...........................
Western..............................................
Total.
1
9
4
8
8
2
4
5
1
42
18.82
1
3
7
17
13
3
1
1
1
6
2
0)
2
8
9
4
2
6
0)
13
6
23
7
1
10
0)
39
5
43
7
1
93
10
32
62
191
2
1
1
5
2
5
1
2
2
6
22
3
2
4
3
14
40
16
2
3
1
17
3
11
32
12
3
2
9
6
9
7
1
1
2
2
3
13
6
40
93
72
26
75~
2
13
31
6
11
1
86
6
19
12
4
11
1
4
25
12
1
8
18
9
3
5
4
12 ‘ "l2"
137
33
133
30
7
157
0)
37.53
30.17
32.14
31.65
36.10
33.34
1
2
3
3
1
36
503
33.84
5
6
3
8
3
5
4
2
3
26
94
66
31
12
7
28
37.36
36.62
39.11
37.91
36.81
37.45
40.07
28
264
37.86
4
9
4
7
7
3
3
16
267
21
72
90
32
69
29.76
36.59
40.62
39.38
30.60
32.50
36.83
37
567
35.75
3
8
4
4
7
3
4
9
41
11
20
13
5
20
30.86
36.45
37.44
30.77
32.16
40.16
34.11
2
33
119
34.46
2
0)
1Data included in total but not separately to avoid identification.
1
0)
0)
1
0)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
5
5
6
2
1
1
1
2
9
1
1
5
3
1
2
33
2
2
18
12
20
4
1
20
21
89
138
1
2
1
1
5
1
4
4
3
7
3
1
1
1
1
----- 1-----43
6
25
5
1
1
1
1
7
71 1
2
1
1
1
3
1
4
3
1
12
5
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
8
17
4
14
3
1
11
9
5
7
2
1
4
2
106 ! 50
23
27
1
2
76
38
20
11
5
3
2
6 1
I 2
1
3
1
5
3
4
1
1
3
7
15
2
4
4
2
5
18
39
27
8
139
i
15
4
1
3
1
4
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
TABLES
Total.
Welders, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic..........
East North Central._
West North Central..
West South Central..
Western......................
17
2
1
15.38
(0
0)
16.67
0)
0)
GENERAL
Toolmakers, male:
New England............
Middle Atlantic........
South Atlantic...........
East North Central..
West North Central.
West South Central..
Western.....................
2
1
1
3
1
2
J
1
1
T
•si
T a b le E .— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 28 specified occupationsy 1929, by sex and district«— Continued
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Number of employees whose earnings in 1 week were—
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and district
3
1
1
14
4
1
1
13
11
1
4
18
17
10
7
10
21
2
10
2
13
3
8
2
10
4
1
2
1
3
4
1
205
36.38
1
4
20
26
49
40
28
20
7
2
3
4
1
2
2
g
2
127
212
41
24
32.13
29.38
35.25
30.86
12
404
30.93
2
2
6
1
55
114
39
0)
37.36
39.06
50.96
(9
11
216
40.80
1
2
7
1
(9
127
30
(9
(9
35.73
42.30
(9
11
210
37.34
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Ma\xr TT.ncrlflTiH
IV/TiririlA Atlantis*
tToof Mrtfth PiPntffll
Western.................................................................
—
1
2
2
1
3
3
1
7
43
1
2
31
74
8
4
52
50
17
14
20
26
3
2
13
3
3
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
3
2
8
53
117
133
51
20
8
1
3
1
1
(9
4
4
4
13
25
3
(9
14
44
4
13
17
5
(9
1
6
12
42
62
1
(9
2
3
(9
15
2
(9
52
2
1
7
19
68
1
4
1
2
5
1
6
15
1
(9
2
5
2
1
4
7
40
23
9
5
7
4
(9
33
5
(9
(9
12
5
(9
(9
4
7
(9
(9
4
3
(,)2
1
1
1
1
1
50
29
18
10
4
2
2
1
3
2
3
2
ENGINES
Total
1
AIRCRAFT
13
1
AND
Total........... .....................................................
Inspectors, male:
Martf *Rr|or1qnH
MiririlA Atlantic
East North Central
W ActAi*n
$70, $75, $80, $85, $90
un un un un and
der der der der over
$75 $80 $85 $90
1
2
2
7
2
Grinding-machine operators, mato:
'M’ttnf TT.ncrlonH
MirirtlA Atlantic*
E&st North Central
$50, $55, $60. $65,
un un un un
der der der der
$55 $60 $65 $70
36 $41.78
63 30.35
89 38.91
17 34.10
'M’iririln Atlantic
East North Central
Western................................................................
Total
$15, $20, $25, $30, $35, $40, $45,
un un un un un un un
der der der der der der der
$20 $25 $30 $35 $40 $45 $50
AIRPLANES
Assemblers, male:
Aver
age
actual
$5, $10,
Estab Em earn Un un un
lish ploy ings in der der der
ments ees 1 week $5 $10 $15
Laborers, male:
Middle Atlantic
1
2
2
6
1
37
162
27
0)
25.76
28.11
27.12
0)
1
11
235
27.62
1
1
1
1
2
8
6
0)
14
45
6
0)
14
60
6
0)
5
26
3
0)
2
14
3
0)
15
67
82
37
20
3
3
2
1
1
3
5
1
1
—
Lathe operators, engine, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
Western
2
2
6
1
24
97
36
0)
34.66
38.48
43.80
0)
1
Total...................................................................
11
167
39.16
1
2
2
3
3
26
38
19
40
39.60
37.74
38.41
38.13
10
123
38.36
Machinists, male:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
Western
.
Total- -
_
_____ _
.......................................................
1Data included in total but not given separately to avoid identification.
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
3
3
6
4
8
19
11
2
19
3
10
37
2
<9
0)
1
9
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
2
5
o
2
2
13
38
*1
31
11
3
3
1
1
11
21
7
11
5
5
8
14
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
7
3
3
5
1
3
16
50
32
11
3
2
. . . . . I ....... !____
i
i
TABLES
1
1
0)
GENERAL
_ _ _
- ________
__________
CO
APPENDIX.— DEFINITIONS OF OCCUPATIONS
AIRPLANES
Assemblers, detail, do bench work, such as fitting wheels, assembling axles,
putting on connection for control cables, etc., preparatory to final assembly.
They also attach wood and metal connectors, brackets, etc., to metal frames of
fuselages and to tail surfaces and assemble the instrument boards.
Assemblers, final, put together the various complete units, such as fuselages,
wings, landing gears, and engines, and secure them with bolts, nuts, etc., and
install windshields, controls, instrument boards, tanks in center sections, stream
lines, also landing, flying, incident, and stagger wires.
Cabinetmakers lay wood floors in the fuselages, fit window and door moldings,
build cockpit arches where wood is used, and perform any other woodwork in
the fitting and trimming of the cabins.
Cable splicers attach the fittings and splice and install the control cables.
Coppersmiths bend and fit oil and gas lines.
Coverers cut by hand and fit the fabric covering material by sewing or tacking
to fuselage wings and tail surfaces or apply wood or metal covering or *'‘ skin”
over the completed frames.
Cowl makers shape and form all types of cowling by hand.
Drill-press operators operate radial, multiple spindle, gang, or automatic drill
presses.
Electricians do the necessary electric wiring and connect the instruments.
Fitters and bench hands chip, file, ream, and fit machine parts to give them
proper relation to each other and allowance for correct mechanical adjustment in
their assembly.
Frame builders, fuselage, fit and align the parts of the fuselage frames in a jig,
securing wooden parts with bolts, steel tubing by tack welding or clamps, and
duralumin parts by riveting. In the manufacture of flying boats they lay the
keels, assemble the stringers of the hulls, the frame of the cabins, and the sponsons.
Frame builders, tail surfaces, fit and align the parts of the tail surface frames in
a jig, frequently performing the operations at a bench. They secure the wooden
parts with bolts, steel tubing by tack welding or clamps, and duralumin parts
by riveting.
Frame builders, wing, place the spars, which run longitudinally within the wing,
in a jig, arrange the ribs crosswise with the spars, glue wooden ribs, bolt or rivet
metal ribs in place, and attach stringers or other forms of bracing at right angles
or diagonally to the ribs to hold them in place.
Helpers are workers who exercise some degree of skill in assisting workers en
gaged in the more highly skilled occupations.
Inspectors inspect stock at the various stages of machining, examine sheetmetal stampings, seaming and finishing, tools and cutters in the tool room, forg
ings, wire and spar building, fuselage and woodwork, and the various stages of
assembly or the completed planes.
Laborers truck or carry material about the shop or yard, give unskilled assist
ance to other employees, do sand blasting, load and unload cars, sweep, rub
machines, and do other common unskilled work.
Lathe operators operate lead screws, low swing, cam, and tool (engine) lathes,
and turret lathes.
Machinists (a) repair or adjust one or more kinds of machine tools used in a
machine shop; (b) set one or more kinds of automatic or semiautomatic machine
tools for others to operate; (c) set up and operate at least most of the kinds of
machine tools usually found in machine shops. Each of these three groups may
also do bench fitting. If a man is qualified as an all-round machinist but is
actually operating only a milling machine he would be classified as a “ milling
machine operator” ; if required to operate various tools, he would be classified as
a “ machinist.”
Milling-machine operators operate plain, universal, horizontal, vertical, cam,
hand, automatic, keyway, and thread mills, profilers, etc.
50
DEFINITIONS OF OCCUPATIONS
51
Painters, hand, apply dopes, oxide paints, varnishes, or pyroxylin substances to
parts and covering of aircraft by the hand-brush method.
Painters, letterers, and stripers, apply color varnishes and paints in the lettering
and decorating of the interior and exterior of the craft.
Painters, spray} apply dopes, oxide paints, varnishes, and pyroxylin substances
to the parts and covering of aircraft by the “ air-brush” or spray method.
Patternmakers build wooden or metal models for castings or wooden jigs for
the assembly of ribs, spars, wings, tail sections, etc.
Polishers and rubbers use sandpaper to clean and roughen surfaces to be painted;
or other coarse abrasives, either dry or with water, oil, or other liquids, to perform
the rubbing down of the different coats of paint, stain, or varnish.
Rib builders work at benches and assemble in a jig the parts of the ribs.
Wooden parts are already cut and shaped and are secured by tacking or gluing.
Metal parts are formed in the jig and are secured usually by riveting.
Screw-machine operators operate hand-screw machines, semiautomatic, full
automatic screw machines, or automatic lathes.
Sewing-machine operators sew the fuselage and tail surface covering by machine
prior to the fitting of the fabric over the frames.
Sheet-metal machine operators use various sheet-metal machines, such as bend
ing, breaking, crimping, flanging, nibbling, and rolling machines, square and round
shears, punch presses, etc.
Sheet-metal workers, hand, shape and form by hand the gas tanks, radiators, etc.
Spar builders form the spars by gluing or otherwise fastening together thin
laminations of wood, or build up the metal beams or spars, using .either steel or
duralumin. Spars consisting of a single timber are gouged out by the spar builders
at intervals, to reduce the weight, and blocks of hardwood are attached to tne top
and bottom to support the struts.
Testers, ground, perform a running test under propeller load after installation
of motors. The test is for revolutions per minute, air pressure, oil pressure,
temperature of oil, charging rate of generator, vibration, etc.
Toolmakers are skilled workers who make and repair tools, metal jigs, dies,
and gauges.
Upholsterers cut the material and install all leather or artificial leather or other
similar upholstering material in the cabins and cockpits, on pontoon bumpers,
or other places where upholstering is required.
Welders use a hand torch or an electric arc to weld or braze tubular and metal
joints in connection with aircraft construction and also broken metal parts,
aluminum stock, and machine-tool parts. The group includes spot welders.
Woodworking-machine operators cut out by machine sections of spars, ribs,
stringers, flanges, cabin trimmings, etc.
Other employees are skilled or semiskilled workers, too few in number to be
classified separately, and which can not properly be included in any of the
classified occupations.
AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Apprentices work under the supervision of skilled mechanics, serving a specified
period of time to learn the work of the skilled occupations of the industry.
Assemblers bring together the various parts, pieces, or units of which an engine
consists and secures them with bolts, nuts, or screws, thereby forming a final unit.
Blacksmiths make light and medium-sized forgings and do general anvil work,
often being called upon to harden hand and machine tool bits by heating in the
forge and quenching in oil, water, or other liquid. The group includes “ light
fire” blacksmiths, hand hammermen, tool hardeners or temperers, and tool
dressers.
Boring-mill operators operate bullards, “ hole hog,” horizontal, and vertical
boring mills.
Coppersmiths or tinsmiths bend and form aluminum intake pipes, ignition wire
manifolds (made from brass tubes), copper gasoline and oil pipes, air heaters,
radio shielding tail pipes, exhaust pipes, collector ring manifolds, etc.
Drill-press operators operate radial, multiple spindle, gang, or automatic drill
presses.
Fitters and bench hands do necessary filing, chipping, scraping, reaming, and
fitting of machine parts to give them proper relation to each other and allowance
for correct mechanical adjustment in their assembly. The classification does not
include workers who do assembling only.
Grinding-machine operators operate rough, surface, tool, plain, universal, or
cutter grinders. The group includes lapping-machine operators.
52
AIRPLANES AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES
Helpers not otherwise specified are workers who exercise some degree of skill
in assisting others engaged in the more highly skilled occupations. They help
the following skilled workers:
Assemblers
Erectors.
Millwrights.
Babbitters.
Fitters.
Pattern makers.
Buffers.
Flangers.
Pipe fitters.
Carpenters.
Gear-cutter operators.
Planer operators*
Coppersmiths.
Inspectors.
Riggers.
Drill-press operators.
Ironworkers.
Sheet-metal workers.
Electricians.
Layout men.
Tinners.
Enamelers.
Machine-tool operators.
Blacksmiths’ helpers and machinists’ and toolmakers' helpers are not included
in this classification.
Inspectors examine stock at the various stages of machining; sheet-metal stamp
ing, wiring, seaming, and finishing; tools and cutters in the tool room; discarded
material for salvage purposes; the various stages of assembly; forgings; shipments
received and shipping and packing.
Laborers truck or carry material about the shop or yard, give unskilled assist
ance to other employees, do sandblasting, load and unload cars, sweep, rub
machines, and do other common unskilled work. The following are included:
Carriers.
Furnace tenders’ helpers. Stock-room and storeCasting cleaners.
Heat treaters’ helpers.
room labor.
Chippers (chip pullers).
Loaders.
Truckers (not electric).
Picklefrs.
Roustabouts.
Tumbler operators.
Plating-room and receiv- Sandblasters.
Warehouse labor.
ing laborers.
Scrap wheelers.
Wheelers.
Sweepers.
Shipping labor.
Window washers.
Testers’ helpers.
Stockmen.
Yard labor.
Tool-crib and tool-room Stock-keepers’ helpers.
Any other general or
helpers.
Stock pilers.
common labor.
This classification does not include persons belonging under blacksmith’s
helpers, machinists’ and toolmakers’ helpers, or helpers not otherwise specified.
Lathe operators, engine, operate lead screw, low swing, cam, or tool (engine)
lathes.
Lathe operators, turret, operate chucking lathes or other turret lathes, as Moni
tor, Gisholt, Jones and Lamson (J. & L.), American, Libby, etc.
Machinists (a) repair or adjust one or more kinds of machine tools used in a
machine shop; (b) set one or more kinds of automatic or semiautomatic machine
tools for others to operate; (c) set up and operate at least most of the kinds of
machine tools usually found in machine shops.
Each of these three groups may also do bench work and fitting. If a man is
qualified as an all-round machinist but actually operates only a milling machine,
for example, during the pay period covered, he is classified as a “ milling-machine
operator,” while if required to operate various tools he is classified as a “ machin
ist.” The classification includes machine-tool repairers.
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ helpers are persons with some degree of skill who
assist machinists and toolmakers in their work.
Milling-machine operators operate plain, universal, horizontal, vertical, cam,
hand, automatic, keyway, or thread mills, profilers, or any other milling machines
not specified.
Packers grease, clean, wrap, and crate engines for shipment.
Paint sprayers spray outside parts such as manifolds, cylinders, cylinder heads,
shutters, etc., with enamel.
Polishers and buffers use abrasive wheels to polish metals and buffing wheels
to obtain luster.
Screw-machine operators operate hand-screw machines, semiautomatic, full
automatic, or automatic lathes.
Sheet-metal machine operators run various sheet-metal machines, such as bend
ing, breaking, crimping, flanging, nibbling, and rolling machines, square and
round shears, and punch presses.
Testers place the engine on test stand and run it under propeller load to deter
mine if the running parts develop the expected standards.
Toolmakers are skilled workers who make and repair tools, jigs, dies, and
gauges.
Other precision-machine operators operate broachers, bolt cutters, burring and
centering machines, gear cutters or gear generators, hobbers, key setters, planers,
DEFINITIONS OF OCCUPATIONS
53
pointing machines, shapers, slotters, special or single-purpose lathes, such as
facing, pulley, speed, spinning, or wristing lathes, tapping machines, threaders,
or tr mming machines.
Other sktled employees are workers skilled in the performance of a trade or
specialized kind of work who can not otherwise be classified under a specific
occupation. The group includes such workers as:
Air-compressor engineers. Gear straighteners.
Shrink-oven tenders.
Airplane mechanics.
Layout men.
Skilled working foremen.
Braziers.
Millwrights.
Tool demonstrators.
Carbonizers.
Painters (brush).
Welders.
Carpenters.
Pattern makers.
W ood w ork in g-m ach in e
Case hardeners.
Pipe benders.
operators.
Copper platers.
Pipe fitters.
Electricians.
Saw filers.
Other employees include all workers whose duties require little or no skill and
who are not provided for elsewhere, as:
Belt men.
Learners.
Rivet passers.
Bolt headers.
Markers.
Shipping clerks.
Cold-saw operators.
Messenger boys (shop).
Sorters.
Convey or operators.
Oilers.
Stock keepers.
Crane follow ers
Order pickers.
Tool chasers.
hitchers.
Pressmen (air).
Tool tracers.
Pattern shellackers.
Electric truckers.
Tool-crib tenders.
Elevator operators.
Pattern storemen.
Truckers (electric).
Weighmen.
Pipe cutters.
Errand boys.
Water testers.
Expeditors.
Power-saw men.
Greasers.
Working foremen (unRivet buckers.
Hookers-on.
Rivet heaters.
skilled).
LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
The following is a list of all bulletins of the Bureau of Labor Statistics published since
July, 1912, except that in the case of bulletins giving the results of periodic surveys of the
bureau only the latest bulletin on any one subject is here listed.
A complete list of the reports and bulletins issued prior to July, 1912, as well as the bulletins
published since that date, will be furnished on application. Bulletins marked thus (*) are
out of print.
Conciliation and Arbitration (including strikes and lockouts).
♦No. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater New York. [1913.]
♦No. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade on its inquiry into industrial
agreements. [1913.]
No. 139. Michigan copper district strike. [1914.]
♦No. 144. Industrial court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City. [1914.]
♦No. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of New York City.
[1914.]
♦No. 191. Collective bargaining in the anthracite-coal industry. [1916.]
♦No. 198. Collective agreements in the men's clothing industry. [1916.]
No. 233. Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada. [1918.]
No. 255. Joint industrial councils in Great Britain. [1919.]
No. 283. History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to 1919.
No. 287. National War Labor Board: History of its formation, activities, etc. [1921.]
♦No. 303. Use of Federal power in settlement of railway labor disputes. [1922.]
No. 341. Trade agreement in the silk ribbon industry of New York City. [1923.]
No. 402. Collective bargaining by actors. [1926.]
No. 468. Trade agreements, 1927.
No. 481. Joint industrial control in the book and job printing industry. [1928.]
Cooperation.
No. 313. Consumers’ cooperative societies in the United States in 1920.
No. 314. Cooperative credit societies (credit unions) in America and in foreign countries.
No. 437. Cooperative movement in the United States in 1925 (other than agricultural).
[1922.]
Employment and Unemployment.
*No.
No.
♦No.
♦No.
No.
109.
172.
183.
195.
196.
♦No. 202.
No. 206.
♦No. 227.
No. 235.
♦No. 241.
No. 247.
♦No. 310.
No. 409.
No. 520.
Statistics of unemployment and the work of employment offices. [1913.]
Unemployment in New York City, N. Y. [1915.]
Regularity of employment in the women’s ready-to-wear garment industries. [1915.]
Unemployment in the United States. [1916.]
Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference held at Minneapolis, Minn., Janu
ary 19 and 20,1916.
Proceedings of the conference of Employment Managers’ Association of Boston, Mass., held
May 10,1916.
The British system of labor exchanges. [1916.]
Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3,
1917.
Employment system of the Lake Carriers’ Association. [1918.]
Public employment offices in the United States. [1918.]
Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, Rochester, N. Y., May 9-11, 1918.
Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of its extent and causes. [1922.]
Unemployment in Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925.
Social and economic character of unemployment in Philadelphia, April, 1929.
Foreign Labor Laws.
♦No. 142. Administration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries.
No. 494. Labor legislation of Uruguay. fl929.]
No. 510. Labor legislation of the Argentine Republic. [1930.]
[1914.]
Housing.
*No.
No.
No.
No.
158.
263.
295.
500.
Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries.
Housing by employers in the United States. [1920.]
Building operations in representative cities in 1920.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1921 to] 1928.
(I)
[1914.]
Industrial Accidents and Hygiene.
*No. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tile works, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware factories.
[1912.]
No. 120. Hygiene of the painters’ trade. [1913.1
*No. 127. Dangers to workers from dusts and fumes, and methods of protection. [1913.J
♦No. 141. Lead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. [1914.]
*No. 157. Industrial accident statistics. [1915.]
*No. 165. Lead poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries. [1914.]
♦No. 179. Industrial poisons used in the rubber industry. [1915.]
No. 188. Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead in the painting
of buildings. [1916.]
*No. 201. Report of committee on statistics and compensation insurance cost of the International
Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [1916.]
*No. 209. Hygiene of the printing trades. [1917.]
*No. 219. Industrial poisons used or produced in the manufacture of explosives. [1917.]
No. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British munition factories. [1917.]
No. 230. Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British munition factories. [1917.]
•No. 231. Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). [1918.]
*No. 234. Safety movement in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1917.
No. 236. Effects of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. [1918.)
No. 249. Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British Health of Munition Workers’
Committee. [1919.]
No. 251. Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.]
No. 256. Accidents and accident prevention in machine building. [1919.]
No. 267. Anthrax as an occupational disease. [1920.]
No. 276. Standardization of industrial accident statistics. [1920.]
No. 280. Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and dye intermediates. [1921.]
*No. 291. Carbon-monoxide poisoning. [1921.]
No. 293. The problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry. [1922.]
No. 298. Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel indusry, 1910-1919.
No. 306. Occupational hazards and diagnostic signs: A guide *o impairments to be looked for in
hazardous occupations. [1922.]
No. 392. Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [1925.]
No. 405. Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of fireworks and in the preparation of phosphorus
[1926.1
No. 427. Health survey of the printing trades, 1922 to 1925.
No. 428. Proceedings of the Industrial Accident Prevention Conference, held at Washington, D. C.,
July 14-16,1926.
No. 460. A new test for industrial lead poisoning. [1928.]
No. 466. Settlement for accidents to American seamen. |1928.]
No. 488. Deaths from lead poisoning, 1925-1927.
No. 490. Statistics of industrial accidents in the United States to the end of 1927.
No. 507. Causes of death, by occupation. [1929.]
Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
237.
340.
349.
361.
380.
383.
384.
399.
Industrial unrest in Great Britain. [1917.]
Chinese migrations, with special reference to labor conditions. [1923.]
Industrial relations in the West Coast lumber industry. [1923.]
Labor relations in the Fairmont (W. Va.) bituminous-coal field. [1924.]
Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.]
Works council movement in Germany. 11925.)
Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts, 1920-1924.
Labor relations in the lace and lace-curtain industries in the United States.
[1925.]
Labor Laws of the United States (including decisions of courts relating to labor).
No. 211.
No. 229.
No. 285.
No. 321.
No. 322.
No. 343.
No. 370.
No. 408.
No. 486.
No. 517.
Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.]
Wage-payment legislation in the United States. [1917.]
Minimum-wage laws of the United States: Construction and operation. [1921.]
Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. |1922.]
Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. 11923.]
Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. [1923.]
Labor laws of the United States, with decisions of courts relating thereto. [1925.]
Laws relating to payment of wages. [1926.]
Labor legislation of 1928.
Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1927-1928.
<n)
Proceedings of Annnal Conventions of the Association of Governmental Labor Officials of the United
States and Canada. (Name changed in 1928 to Association of Governmental Officials in Industry
of the United States and Canada.)
No. 266.
No. 307.
No. 323.
♦No. 352.
♦No. 389.
•No. 411.
No. 429.
♦No. 455.
No. 480.
No 508.
Seventh, Seattle. Wash., July 12-15, 1920.
Eighth, New Orleans, La., May 2-6,1921.
Ninth, Harrisburg, Pa., May 22-26,1922.
Tenth, Richmond, Va., May 1-4,1923.
Eleventh, Chicago, HI., May 19-23, 1924.
Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 13-15, 1925.
Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio, June 7-10, 1926.
Fourteenth, Paterson, N. J., May 31 to June 3,1927.
Fifteenth, New Orleans, La., May 21-24, 1928.
Sixteenth, Toronto, Canada, June 4-7,1929.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and
Commissions.
1
No. 210.
No. 248.
No. 264.
♦No. 273.
No. 281.
No. 304.
N o.‘333.
♦No 359.
No. 385.
No. 395.
No. 406.
No. 432.
♦No. 456.
No. 485.
No. 511.
Third, Columbus, Ohio, April 25-28,1916.
Fourth, Boston, Mass., August 21-25,1917.
Fifth, Madison, Wis., September 24-27, 1918.
Sixth, Toronto, Canada, September 23-26, 1919.
Seventh, San Francisco, Calif., September 20-24, 1920.
Eighth, Chicago, 111., September 19-23,1921.
Ninth, Baltimore, Md., October 9-13, 1922.
Tenth, St. Paul, Minn., September 24-26, 1923.
Eleventh, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 26-28,1924.
Index to proceedings, 1914-1924.
Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 17-20, 1925.
Thirteenth, Hartford, Conn., September 14-17,1926.
Fourteenth, Atlanta, Ga., September 27-29, 1927.
Fifteenth, Paterson, N. J., September 11-14,1928.
Sixteenth, Buffalo, N. Y., October 8-11.1929.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the International Association of Public Employment Services.
No. 192. First, Chicago, December 19 and 20, 1913; second, Indianapolis, September 24 and 25, 1914;
third, Detroit, July 1 and 2,1915.
No. 220. Fourth, Buffalo, N. Y., July 20 and 21,1916.
No. 311. Ninth, Buffalo, N. Y., September 7-9,1921.
No. 337. Tenth, Washington, D. C., September 11-13, 1922.
No. 355. Eleventh, Toronto, Canada, September 4-7, 1923.
No. 400. Twelfth, Chicago, 111., May 19-23,1924.
No. 414. Thirteenth, Rochester, N. Y., September 15-17, 1925.
No. 478. Fifteenth, Detroit, Mich., October 25-28,1927.
No. 501. Sixteenth, Cleveland, Ohio, September 18-21,1928.
Productivity of Labor.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
356.
360.
407.
412.
441.
474.
475.
Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry, f1926.]
Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
Productivity of labor in the glass industry. [1927.]
Productivity of labor in merchant blast furnaces. [1928.]
Productivity of labor in newspaper printing. [1929.]
Retail Prices and Cost of Living.
♦No. 121.
♦No. 130.
♦No. 164.
No. 170.
No. 357.
No. 369.
No. 495.
Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer. [1913.]
Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer. [1913.]
Butter prices, from producer to consumer. [1914.]
Foreign food prices as affected by the war. [1915.]
Cost of living in the United States. [1924.]
The use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustments. [1925.]
Retail prices, 1899 to 1928.
Safety Codes.
•No. 331.
No. 336.
No. 350.
•No. 351.
No. 375.
No. 378.
No. 382.
Code of lighting: Factories, mills, and other work places.
Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries.
Rules governing the approval of headlighting devices for motor vehicles.
Safety code for the construction, care, and use of ladders.
Safety code for laundry machinery and operations.
Safety code for woodworking plants.
Code of lighting school buildings.
(Ill)
Safety Codes—Continued.
No. 410.
No. 430.
No. 433.
No. 436.
No. 447.
No. 451.
No. 463.
No. 509.
No. 512.
No. 519.
Safety code for paper and pulp mills.
Safety code for power presses and foot and hand presses.
Safety codes for the prevention of dust explosions.
Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels.
Safety code for rubber mills and calenders.
Safety code for forging and hot-metal stamping.
Safety code for mechanical power-transmission apparatus—first revision.
Textile safety code.
Code for identification of gas mask canisters
Safety code for woodworking plants, as revised, 1930.
Vocational and Workers, Education.
*No. 159.
♦No. 162.
•No. 199.
No. 271.
No. 459.
Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915.J
Vocational-education survey of Richmond, Va. [1915.]
Vocational-education survey of Minneapolis, Minn. [1917.]
Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States. [1920.]
Apprenticeship in building construction. [1928.]
Wages and Hours of Labor.
♦No. 146. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in the dress and
waist industry of New York City. [1914.]
♦No. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry. [1914.]
No. 161. Wages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913.
No. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913.
♦No. 190. Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1914.
No. 204. Street-railway employment in the United States. [1917.J
No. 225. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915.
No. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the United States, 1919.
No. 297. Wages and hours of labor in the petroleum industry, 1920.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
No. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the automobile-tire industry, 1923.
No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
No. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry, 1923.
No. 394. Wages and hours of labor in metalliferous mines, 1924.
No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board indust ry. [19251
No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 416. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bituminous coal mining, 1922 and 1924.
No. 472. Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat packing industry, 1927.
No. 476. Union scales of wages and hours of labor, 1927. [Supplement to Bui. No. 457.J
No. 484. Wages and hours of labor of common street laborers, 1928.
No. 487. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1928.
No. 492. Wages and hours of labor in cotton-goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1928.
No. 497. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber industry in the United States, 1928.
No. 498. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry. 1910 to 1928.
No. 499. History of wages in the United States from colonial times to 1928.
No. 502. Wages and hours of labor in the motor-vehicle industry, 1928.
No. 503. Wages and hours of labor in the men’s clothing industry, 1911 to 1928.
No. 504. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industries, 1907 to 1928.
No. 513. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1929.
No. 514. Pennsylvania Railroad wage data. From Report of Joint Fact Finding Committee in
wage negotiations in 1927.
No. 515. Union scales of wages, May 15, 1929.
No. 516. Hours and earnings in bituminous coal mining, 1929.
No. 522. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine shops, 1929. (In press.)
Welfare Work.
♦No.
No.
♦No.
No.
123.
222.
250.
458.
Employers’ welfare work. [1913.]
Welfare work in British munitions factories. [1917.]
Welfare work for employees in industrial establishments in the United States.
Health and recreation activities in industrial establishments, 1926.
[1919.]
Wholesale Prices.
No.
No.
No.
No.
284.
453.
493.
521.
Index numbers of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries.
Revised index numbers of wholesale prices, 1923 to July, 1927.
Wholesale prices, 1913 to 1928.
Wholesale prices, 1929.
(IV)
[1921.]
Women and Children in IndustryNo. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the District of Columbia. [1913.]
*No. 117. Prohibition of night work of young persons. [1913.]
*
*No. 118. Ten-hour maximum working-day for women and young persons. [1913.]
No. 119. Working hours of women in the pea canneries of Wisconsin. [1913.]
•No 122. Employment of women in power laundries in Milwaukee [1913.]
♦No. 160. Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of women in Indiana mercantile establishments and
garment factories. [1914.]
♦No. 167. Minimum-wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries. [1915.]
♦No. 175. Summary of the report on conditions of woman and child wage earners in the United States.
[1915.]
♦No. 176. Effect of minimum-wage determinations in Oregon. [1915.]
♦No. 180. The boot and shoe industry in Massachusetts as a vocation for women. [1915.]
♦No. 182. Unemployment among women in department and other retail stores of Boston, Mass. [1916.]
No. 193. Dressmaking as a trade for women in Massachusetts. U916.]
No. 215. Industrial experience of trade-school girls in Massachusetts. [1917.]
♦No. 217. Effect of workmen’s compensation laws in diminishing the necessity of industrial employ
ment of women and children. [1918.]
•No. 223. Employment of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war. [1917.1
No. 253. Women in the lead industries. [1919.]
Workmen's Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto).
♦No. 101. Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany. [1912.]
♦No. 102. British national insurance act, 1911.
No. 103 Sickness and accident insurance law in Switzerland. [1912.]
No. 107 Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany. (1913.1
♦No. 155. Compensation for accidents to employees of the United States. [1914.]
No. 212. Proceedings of the conference on social insurance called by the International Association of
Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, Washington, D. C., December 5-9,1916.
♦No. 243. Workmen’s compensation legislation in the United States and foreign countries, 1917 and 1918.
No. 301. Comparison of workmen’s compensation insurance and administration. [1922.]
No. 312. National health insurance in Great Britain, 1911 to 1921.
No. 379. Comparison of workmen’s compensation laws of the United States as of January 1, 1925.
No. 477. Public-service retirement systems, United States and Europe. [1928.]
No. 496. Workmen’s compensation legislation of the United States and Canada as of January, 1929.
(With text of legislation enacted in 1927 and 1928.)
Miscellaneous Series.
♦No. 174. Subject index of the publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to May
1, 1915.
No. 208.
No 242.
No. 254.
No. 268.
No. 282.
No. 319.
No. 326.
No. 342.
No. 346.
No. 372.
No. 386.
No. 398.
No. 401.
No. 461
No. 462.
No. 465.
No. 4Y9.
No. 483.
No. 489
No. 491.
No. 505.
No. 506.
No. 518.
Profit sharing in the United States. [1916.]
Pood situation in central Europe, 1917
International labor legislation and the society of nations. U919.]
Historical survey of international action affecting labor. [1920.]
Mutual relief associations among Government employees in Washington, D. C. [1921.1
The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization. [1922.]
Methods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
[1923.]
International Seamen’s Union of America: A study of its history and problems [1923.]
Humanity in government. [1923.]
Convict labor in 1923.
Cost of American almshouses. 11925.]
Growth of legal-aid work in the United States. [1926.]
Family allowances in foreign countries. [1926.]
Labor organizations in Chile. [1928.]
Park recreation areas in the United States. [1928.]
Beneficial activities of American trade-unions. [1928.]
Activities and functions of a State department of labor. [19284
Conditions in the shoe industry in Haverhill, Mass., 1928.
Care of aged persons ?n United States. [1929.1
Handbook of labor statistics. 1929 edition.
Directory of homes for the aged in the United States. [1929.
Handbook of American trade-unions: 1929 edition.
Personnel research agencies: 1930 edition.
(V)