Full text of Wages and Hours of Labor in Metalliferous Mines, 1924 : Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 394

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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner

BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES)
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS J ' * ' {No. 394
WAGES

AND

HOURS

OF L A B O R

SERIES

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
IN METALLIFEROUS MINES
1924




AUGUST, 1925

WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1925




CONTENTS
Page

Introduction and summary_____________________________________________ 1-6
Occupations:
Underground mines________________________________________________ 7, 8
Open-pit mines____________________________________________________ 8, 9
General tables___________________________ ‘______________________________ 9-34
T able A.—Average full-time hours, earnings per hour, and full-time
earnings per week, 1924, by occupation, district, and State________ 10-27
T able B.—Average and classified earnings per hour for 6 typical occu­
pations, by district and State_____________________________________ 28-31
T able C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week for 6
typical occupations, by district and State__________________________32-34




hi




BULLETIN OF THE

U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
WASHINGTON

n o . 394

a u g u s t , 192s

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES, 1924
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY

The Bureau of Labor Statistics made a survey of wages and hours
of labor in the principal metalliferous mines in the United States
during the sum m er of 1924. The study included mines producing
iron, copper, lead, zinc, gold, and silver and some minor metals as
well.
Of the 137 mines from which data were obtained, 117 were under­
ground mines and 20 were open-pit or open-cut mines. Placer mines
were not included.
The following table is a summary of the number of wage earners
included in the report and of the average hours and earnings of these
employees. See below for an explanation of “ districts.’ 7
T able 1.—NUM BER OF WAGE EARNERS IN METALLIFEROUS M INING IN THE
UNITED STATES ACCORDING TO 1919 CENSUS, NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS
AND OF WAGE EARNERS COVERED BY THIS SURVEY, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME
HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR AND FULL-TIM E EARNINGS PER W EEK, BY DIS­
TRICT AND STATE

District and State

Number of—
Average
number
of wage
earners
Wage
reported Establish­
in earners
by U. S. ments
in
this
this
Census, survey survey
1919

Western mixed ore:
Arizona__________________________ 14,980
California________________________ 3,936
4,775
Colorado________________________
2,256
Idaho___________________________
Montana______ __________________ 11,862
Nevada__________________________ 3,968 :
New Mexico________________ ____- 3,057
Utah....................................................... 5,874 !
Total..................................................... 50,708 ,
Michigan copper_____________________ 12,235
Northern iron:
Michigan.............. ................................. 16,160
M innesota............................................ 16,236
Total................................................... 32,396
Alabama iron________________________ 6,485
Southeast Missouri lead and the Tri-State
lead and zinc:
Kansas__________________________ 1,141
Missouri_________________________ 4,793
Oklahoma_______________________
5,253
Total..................................................... 11,187
Other States
13,947
Grand total _ . _ __ _ _
126,958
*Not reported separately.




Average—
Full­
time Earnings Full-time
hours
per earnings
per
per
hour
week
week

8
6
9
4
5
8
6
4
50
6

3,662
1,397
1,210
1,386
3,084
1,616
1,603
2,853
16,811
4,689

52.4
51.7
52.8
54.4
52.7
56.5
54.2
56.0
53.8
49.6

$0,595
.594
.592
.693
.666
.636
.459
.560
.599
.498

$31.18
30.71
31.26
37.70
35.10
35.93
24.88
31.36
32.23
24.70

24
23
47
8

6,102
4,983
11,085
2,678

50.3
55.5
52.8
60.6

.566
.570
.568
.393

28.47
31.64
29.99
23.82

26

ft)
0
(l)
2,933

(1)
(l)
0
48.6

137

38,196

53.0

(i)
(i)

.552

0
0
0
26.83

.559

29.63

(1)

2

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

The preceding table shows the number of metalliferous mine work­
ers in file United States by districts and States as reported by the
United States Census for 1919. The total number, not including
placer mines, is 126,958. Of the total number 50,708 are found in
the “ Western mixed-ore district,” 12,235 in the “ Michigan copper
district,” 32,396 in the “ Northern iron district,” 6,485 in the “ Ala­
bama iron district,” and 11,187 in the “ Southeast Missouri lead” and
the “ Tri-State lead and zinc ” districts combined. The remainder, or
13,947, are found scattered through other States. Set opposite these
figures are the figures obtained in the survey made by the bureau.
The table shows the number of establishments, the number of wage
earners, the average full-time hours per week, average earnings per
hour, and average full-time earnings per week.
The total number of employees covered in the survey, as will be
seen, is 38,196, which is slightly over 30 per cent of the total for the
United States. The average full-time hours were 53 per week and the
average earnings 55.9 cents per hour. The average full-time earnings
per week were $29.63.
The highest average earnings per hour, 69.3 cents, were found in
Idaho and the lowest, 39.3 cents, in Alabama. Full-time hours per
week ranged from an average of 60.6 in Alabama to 48.6 in the South­
east Missouri lead and the Tri-State lead and zinc districts.
Nearly all the mines covered were visited personally by agents of
the bureau who copied the data from pay rolls and other records.
The figures were taken for one representative pay period at each mine.
Pay periods were taken for 2 mines in June, 8 in July, 75 in August,
34 in September, and 18 in October. Fourteen States were covered
in this investigation. For the purposes of tabulation these States
have been divided into six districts, according to location of the kind
of metals produced. The “ Western mixed-ore district” includes
Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico,
and Utah; the “ Michigan copper district” is in the upper peninsula
of Michigan; the “ Northern iron district” includes the iron regions
near Lake Superior in Michigan and Minnesota; the “ Alabama iron
district” is in the northern part of Alabama; the “ Southeast Missouri
lead district” is in the southeastern part of Missouri; and the “ TriState lead and zinc district” includes the northeast corner of Okla­
homa, the southeast corner of Kansas, and the southwest corner of
Missouri. The last named is sometimes referred to as the Joplin
district.
The “ Western mixed-ore district” has been so named because
most of the mines in that district produce ore containing from two to
five different metals, with many variations in the combination. Only
13 mines in the district reported but one kind of metal produced.
The 47 underground mines covered in this district reported the
production of the following-named metals, which are arranged in the
order of importance in those mines showing more than a single metal
produced.




WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES
T able

8

NUM BER OF MINES PRODUCING SPECIFIED KINDS OF METAL
Number
of mines
2
3
2
4
3
1
1
1

1
2
1
2
11
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
1

Kind of metal produced
Copper.
Copper and silver.
Copper, silver, and gold.
Cojpper, gold, silver, and lead.
Gold and silver.
Gold, silver, and lead.
Gold, silver, lead, and zinc.
Gold, silver, lead, zinc, and copper.
Iron.
Lead and silver.
Lead, silver, and copper.
Lead, silver, and zinc.
Lead, silver, zinc, and copper.
Lead, zinc, iron, mid silver.
Molybdenum.
Silver and gold.
Silver, gold, and lead.
Silver, lead, and copper.
Silver, lead, and gold.
Silver, lead, copper, and gold.
Zinc.
Zinc and copper.
Zinc and iron.

It may be noted that in the above arrangement three mines pro­
duce copper, gold, silver, and lead only. In two of these the important
metal is copper and in thq third, silver. Ten mines produce gold and
silver, of which three are more important as gold mines and the other
seven as silver mines. Likewise two mines produce gold, silver, and
lead, but gold predominates in one and silver in the other.
The Tri-State lead and zinc district produces these two metals in
the proportion of about 7 parts zinc to 1 part lead. The other four
districts produce only one kind of metal each.
Of the 20 open-pit or open-cut mines, 3 are copper mines in the
western mixea-ore district, 13 are iron mines in Minnesota in the
northern iron district, and 4 are iron mines in the Alabama iron dis­
trict. In these mines the ore is mined with steam or electric shovels.
Some of the steam shovels are mounted on caterpillar tractors, in
which case it is not necessary to lay a track for them to move from
place to place as in the case ior those not so equipped.
In open-pit mines the cost of producing the ore is less expensive and
they are less dangerous for the workers.
Some so-called open-pit mines are really open-cut mines—that is,
hills or mountains are cut down instead of pits being dug below the
surface. In either case the ore is dumped into cars and hauled to the
crusher or mills directly from the steam shovels.
Underground mines are of different types, designated as shaft, slope,
or drift. A shaft mine is one in which the entrance is a vertical shaft.
Cross cuts are cut from the various levels into the ore bodies and the
ore is brought to the surface through the shaft by means of a skip or
cage.
A slope mine is entered through a downward incline.
A drift mine is one in which the ore vein is followed through a
horizontal entrance.
The following tabulation is made of the 106 shaft mines reported.
These mines are classified by the depth of the mine shafts in feet from
top to bottom of shaft and distance in feet from bottom of shaft to
face or working point.



4

WAGES AKU HOURS OF LABOR Iff METALLIFEROUS MIKES

T able 3.—CLASSIFICATION OF SHAFT MINES BY DEPTH FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR
SHAFT, AND BY AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM BOTTOM OF SHAFT TO FACE OF
WORKING POINT
Number of mines of each classified depth in feet—
Average distance in feet
from bottom of shaft
to face or working
point
100 and under 200____
200 and under 300.........
300 and under 400.........
400 and under 500____
500 and under 750.........
750 and under 1,000___
1,000 and under 1,500___
1,500 and under 2,000___
2,000 and under 2,500___
2,500 and under 3,000___
3,500 and under 4,000___
5,000 and under 6,000___
11,000 and under 12,000...
T o tal......................

Total
num­ 100 200 300
ber of and and and
mines un­ un­ un­
der der der
200 300 400
2
3
10
9
15
14
21
13
10
3
2
2
2
106

1
2

1
2
3
5
3
5
2
1

1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1

400
and
un­
der
500

1
1
1
2

3 22 11

5

500
and
un­
der
750

750 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3.000 4.000
and and and and and and and 5,000
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and
der der der der der der der over
1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 4.000 5.000
1
1
2
3
1
1

1
3
1
1

1
2
1
1
3

1
1
8

1
8 15 10

2
4
4
4
1

1
1
3
2

1
1
1

2
3
1

1
1
1

6

3 3

1
7

5

11
22

15,200 feet.
* 1 at 6,200 feet and 1 at 8,700 feet. These are incline shafts and do not represent exact vertical depth.

The depth of these mines is seen to rang£ from 100 and under 200
feet to over 5,000 feet. The workings range from 100 feet to over
11,0 0 0 feet from foot of shaft.
In the following table 131 of the 137 mines scheduled have been
classified according to the number of days they operated during the
year ending August 31, 1924. This classification is made by districts,
for underground and open-pit mines in separate sections. The average
number of days of operation is also shown for the mines in each district.
The other six mines did not begin operating until after September 1 ,
1923, and are not included in the table. By referring to tne averages
in each district we find that 338 days in the underground mines and
363 days in the open-pit mines are shown for the “ Western mixed
ore district.” These high averages are made by reason of Sunday
operation in many of the mines in this district. In no other district
were mines found operating regularly on Sunday. The lowest average
is found in the open-pit mines for the “ Northern iron district.”
This condition is caused by the closing of transportation on the Great
Lakes during a portion of the year. The iron ore is shipped by water
to the blast furnaces in the great iron and steel centers, and when the
winter season closes this traffic the mines are forced to cease opera­
tions until transportation opens in the spring.




5

WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

T abus 4.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED NUM BER OF DAYS M INES W ERE IN OPERATION
DURING THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1924, BY TYPE OF M INE AND DISTRICT
Number of mines in operation—
Num­ Average
200 215 245 260 275 290 300 315 345
ber of number
and and and and and and and and and 360
Type of mines and district mines of days Un­
der
un­
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ days
mines
operat­
200 der der der der der der der der der and
ing operated days
215 245 260 275 290 300 315 345 360 over
days days days days days days days days days
UNDERGROUND MINES
Western niirari ora _
45
Michigan nnpppr
6
34
Northern iron _ _
Alabama iron, . . . .
4
4
Southeast Missouri lead___
Tri-State lead and zinc........ 19
Total............................ 1112
OPEN-PIT MINES
Western m xad ore
3
12
Northern iron___________
Alabama iron
4
a 19
Tot*!
T. H,

TT

1

338
300
295
290
308
274
309

1
1
2

1

1
1

2
1
2 9
2 12 I!

1
1
2

363
140 12
257 1
200 13

14
1 3
17 16
2
4
2 3
20 42
l
1

7

2

21

7

2

21
3

2
2

3

1Not including 5 min s which did not begin operating until after Sep 1.1,1923.
*Not including 1 mine which did not begin operating until after Sep . 1,1923.

In connection with the foregoing table of the number of days the
mines operated, a table follows showing the average number of days
mines were idle classified by cause of idleness. Sunday accounted for
the largest number of days of idleness in underground mines. The
next greatest cause of idleness in the underground mines was “ no
market or lack of orders/' which was responsible for six and one-half
days. Next in order is “holiday,” four and one-half days. In the
open-pit group “ seasonal shut down” shows 102.3 days, “ Sunday,”
41.1 days, “ No market,” 15.2 days.
Table 5.—AVERAGE NUM BER OF DAYS M INES W ERE IDLE DURING YEAR ENDING
AUGUST 31,1924, BY TYPE OF M INE, DISTRICT, AND CAU8E OF IDLENESS
mines were idle in one year on
Aver­ Average number o* days
account of—
age
Num­ num­
ber of
No
Lack Trans­
of
mar­ Sea­ M ine
Type of mines and district mines ber
days Sun­ Holi­ of porta­
tion
ket
operat­ mines
dis­
rail­ dis­ Strike lackor sonal
shut­ abil­ Other
ing operat­ day day road
causes
abil­
of
down
ity
cars ity
ed
orders
UNDERGROUND MINES
W e ste rn m ix e d o re
_ ___
Michigan c o p p e r____________
Northern iron........................
A lab am a, iro n

45
6
34
4
4
Southeast Missouri lead—
Tri-State lead and zinc........ 19
Total............................ 1112

338
300
295
290
308
274
309

19.7
53.0
52.7
52.3
53.0
53.0
39.5

3.0
3.0
8.4 0.1
3.0
3.0
2.0
4.5 .02

1

9.8
4.0
16.0
0.5
24.8
.2 .02 6.5

0.7

0.7
.3
4.9
5.0
.8
2.6
2.4

OPEN-PIT MINES

Western m ix e d o re ____
Northern
iron........................
A la b a m a iro n . __ _
Total______________

3
12
4
*19

363
140 47.5
257 52.8
200 41.1

2.7
4.9
1.8
3.9

.4
.5
.4

2.1
1.3

7.8 162.0 1.5
48.5
6.0
15.2 102.3 2.2

t Not including 5 mines which did not begin operating until after Sept. 1, 1923.
*Not including 1 mine which did not begin operating until after Sept. 1,1923.

46961°—25f—Bull. 394-----2




4.0
.1
.8
9.6
3.3

6

WAGES AND HOUBS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

In the Western mixed ore d*3trict the 8-hour day is the rule. Of
the 47 underground mines covered, 14 work a straight 8-hour 6-day
week of 48 hours; 23 work a straight 8-hour 7-day week of 56 hours;
8 work an 8-hour 7-day week on the day shift and an 8-hour 6-day
week on the night shift, thus averaging 52 hours per week. In the
other 2 mines in the district the hours are 56 per week for the under­
ground, and 48 for the surface men.
In the Michigan copper district the 6 mines covered work 8 hours
per day 6 days per week or 48 hours in the underground occupations,
and 9 nours per day 6 days per week or 54 hours on surface work.
In the Northern iron district, of the 34 underground mines covered,
14 have the straight 8-hour 6-day week, and 10 more have the same
hours for their underground workers and a 9-hour 6-day week for
the surface workers. In 4 mines the hours are 8 per day 6 days
er week for the underground day shift and 8 hours per day 5
ays per week for the underground night shift; the surface men
work 10 hours per day 6 days per week in 1 of the 4 mines last
mentioned. In 5 mines the underground day shift works 9 hours
Monday to Thursday and 8 hours on Friday and Saturday, no
work on Saturday for the night shift, thus making an average 48hom* week; the surface men work 10 hours per day 6 days per
week. In the 1 other mine they have an 8-hour day and a 6-day
week, except that the night shift works 4 hours on Saturday and is
for 8 hours if it works full time during the week. The sm>
?>aid
ace men work 10 hours per day in this mine.
In the Southeast Missouri lead district, and in the Tri-State lead
and zinc mines they work 8 hours per day 6 days per week.
Turning to the open-pit mines we find in the Western mixed ore
district the 3 mines work an 8-hour day and a 7-day week; in the
Northern iron district and in the Alabama iron district the 16 mines
work a 10-hour day and a 6-day week.
Changes in wages shown in the following table were reported by
30 establishments for the period from August 31, 1923, to the date
of this survey. No changes were reported by 107 establishments.

S

T able 6.-—WAGE CHANGES PROM AUGUST 31, 1923, TO DATE OP SURVEY, BY
EMPLOYEES AFFECTED
Number
of estab­
Employees affected
Change in wages rates
lishments
4 All............................................ 25 cents per day increase.
Do.
1 Underground employees___
1 All............................................ 25 cents per day increase; 25 cents per
day decrease; 25 cents per day in­
crease.
4 ____do____ _________ _____ 10 per cent increase.
1 ........do...................................... 10 per cent decrease; 10 per cent in?
crease.
2
50 cents per day decrease—10 per cent
decrease for contracts.
2
50 cents per day decrease.
1 Underground employees___ 25 cents per day decrease.
1
25 cents per day or 7 per cent decrease.
1 AD............................................ 1 2 H per cent decrease.
1
10 per cent decrease; 12 per cent de­
crease.
9 — .do...................................... 10 per cent decrease.
1 All except chief electrician
and mine foremen.
1 All............................................ Attendance bonus discontinued.1
i This bonus was, for underground workers receiving $4 or more per day, 60 cents
per day—all others 25 cents per day.




WAGES

AND

HOURS OF LABOR IK METALLIFEROUS MIKES

7

OCCUPATIONS

The following is a descriptive list of 46 occupations that were
selected for tabulation for the underground mines and of 21 occupa­
tions for the open-pit mines. In the underground mines each occu­
pation name is followed by a term indicating to which class it belongs,
as “ surface,” “ underground,” or “ surface and underground.”
Also, a brief description of the work of each occupation listed is given.
UNDERGROUND MINES

Blacksmiths (surface and underground).—Do general smithing and sharpen
tools. The work is generally done on the surface, but is sometimes done
underground.
Blacksmiths9 helpers (surface and underground).—Assist blacksmiths in their
work.
Cagers (underground).—Have charge of cage used in raising or lowering men
or materials between levels or from various levels to the surface. They direct
the movements of the cage by signals to hoistmen.
Carpenters (surface and underground).— Build and repair wooden structures
and in some cases do timber framing. Their work is generally done on the
surface, but sometimes occurs underground.
Carpenters' helpers (surface and underground).—Assist carpenters in their work.
Chute loaders (underground).—Operate doors opening and closing chutes from
which mine cars are loaded.
Compressor men (surface and underground).—Have charge of air compressors
which furnish air for operating drills and for ventilation of mines.
Drilling-machine operators (underground).—Operate drilling machines, the
motive power being furnished by air from the air compressors. This is the
principal occupation in the mines. These men are usually called miners. The
machines are used to drill holes in the rock, into which explosives are inserted and
fired, thus loosening the rock and ore. Various types of drilling machines are used.
This occupation is divided into two sections—those who are paid a stipulated
daily wage are called company men and those who work on a contract or piece­
work basis are called contract men. The latter are paid according to the amount
of work done, which is usually ascertained by measurement.
Drilling-machine operators' helpers (underground).—Assist the machine
operators.
Drivers (surface).— Drive mules or horses in and about the yard hauling mate­
rials and may also transport ore from mine to crusher.
Drivers, mule (underground).—Drive mules in hauling ore or other materials
in various parts of the mine. In some mines mules alone are used. In others
mules are used to supplement motor or hand haulage.
Dry-house men (surface).—Are in charge of the change room, where men may
change their wet or soiled clothing and have same dried; also have charge of
bath and wash rooms.
Dumpers (surface).—Take cars of ore or refuse from cage and push them to
crusher or other place of disposal and dump and return the empty cars.
Electricians (surface and underground).—Install and repair electrical machinery
and wiring. Some work is underground, but is mostly on the surface.
Electricians' helpers (surface and underground).—Assist electricians in their
work.
Engineers, stationary (surface).—Operate steam engines furnishing power for
operating hoists or pumps or air compressors.
Firemen, stationary (surface).—Fire the boilers furnishing steam to the sta­
tionary engines.
Hoist men (surface).—Operate hoisting machinery for lowering and raising cages
or skips in the mine shaft. The men enter and leave a shaft mine in the cage.
Ore is hoisted to the surface by means of a skip bucket or a skip car in one
part of the cage. This occupation is one requiring skill in handling machinery and
ability to act promptly. Electric or bell signals are used to guide the hoist man
in the management of the hoist.
Hoist men (underground).—Operate hoists used in handling ore or supplies
between different levels of the mine.
Laborers (surface). (See Topmen.)
Laborers (underground).—Do unskilled labor of various kinds underground.



8

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

Loading-machine operators (underground).—Operate machines for loading ore
into the mine cars or chutes. There are two general types of these machines—
mechanical shovels and scrapers operated by hoists.
Machinists (surface and underground).— Do construction and repair work on
machinery of all kinds.
Machinists’ helpers (surface and underground).—Assist machinists in their
work.
Motormen (underground).—Operate electric motors used in hauling empty or
loaded mine cars. Compressed air is used instead of electricity for motive power
in some cases.
Muckers (underground).—Shovel ore or refuse into mine cars; also do various
unskilled labor jobs underground.
Nippers (underground).—Collect and carry tools from place to place and in
general look after tools underground; in addition they may also carry and dis­
tribute powder.
Oilers (surface and underground).—Oil mine cars, machinery, pulleys, hoists,
etc., both on the surface and underground.
Ore sorters (surface and underground).—Sort ore from rocks and refuse. This
work sometimes includes breaking. The men work either on the surface or
underground.
Pipemen (surface and underground).— Lay and repair water and compressedair pipes in and about the mine both underground and on the surface.

Powdermen (underground).—Have charge of the underground powder maga­
zines and issue explosives in proper amounts to the men as needed.
Pumpmen (underground).—Are in charge of underground pumping stations.
These pumps are operated for the purpose of disposing of the surplus water which
accumulates in the mines. Considerable mechanical skill is required.
Roof trimmers (underground).—Inspect roofs of working places after a blast
and knock down loose ore or rock to prevent its falling and injuring workmen.
Skippers (underground).—Have charge of loading skip bucket with ore or
refuse which is to be raised to the surface or from one level to another.
Station men (underground).—Have charge of the stations which are the load­
ing points where materials are loaded on the skip or cage to be raised to the
surface.
Timber framers (surface).—Cut and fit the timbers which are used in the
mines. This work is done on the surface.
Timbermen (underground).—Place timbers and supports in stopes and entries,
erect ladders, build ore chutes and doors, and erect framework wherever needed.
All underground work.
Timbermen’s helpers (underground).—Assist timbermen in their work.
Tool dressers (surface).—Dress and sharpen tools with machines.
Topmen (surface) (laborers).—Do all kinds of unskilled labor on the surface.
Trackmen (underground).—Lay and repair tracks for mine cars used in the
mines.
Trackmen’s helpers (underground).—Assist trackmen in their work.
Trammers (underground).—Push loaded mine cars from stopes where motors
do not enter or mules are not used. This work is sometimes done by the mucker.
Trip riders (underground).—Ride on motors and assist motormen by hand­
ling brakes, throwing switches, opening and closing ventilating doors, etc.
Truck operators (surface).—Operate motor trucks in and about yards, doing
all kinds of hauling.
Watchmen (surface).—Protect mining property both day and night; are some­
times called policemen.
OPEN-PIT MINES

In the following 12 occupations the work is similar to that of the same occu­
pations in underground mines: Blacksmiths, blacksmiths* helpers, carpenters,
carpenters* helpers, drilling-machine operators, drilling-machine operators* help­
ers, dumpmen, laborers, machinists, machinists* helpers, trackmen, and trip riders.
Locomotive engineers.—Operate steam railroad locomotives used in trans­
porting ore trains through and about open-pit mines and to and from crushers
or mills.
Locomotive firemen.—Work with the locomotive engineer and fire the engines
to keep up steam.
Pitmen.—Remove obstructions in the path of the steam shovel, level and
block shovels when moved to a new place of work and wheel coal from dump to
shovel.



WAGES A M ) HOURS OR LABOR W METALLIFEROUS M IKES

9

Shot fivers.—Blast rock and ore after it has been drilled and charged. Blasting
is usually done by an electric firing machine.
Shovel cranemen.—Operate steam or electric shovel cranes by use of levers;
requires considerable skill.
Shovel engineers.—Have charge of and are responsible for the working con­
ditions and moving of the steam shovels.
Shovel firemen.—Keep up steam to furnish motive power of steam shovels.
Switchmen.—Operate or throw switches of railroad tracks where there are no
automatically operated switches.
Watchmen.—Perform the duties of caretakers and those detailed to watch
steam shovels; also keep up their fires when temporarily not in use or at night.
G ENERAL TABLES

In addition to the preceding tables three general tables follow
which show in detail figures on hours and earnings.
Table A is divided into two sections, devoted to underground
mines and open-pit mines, respectively. In the underground section
the number of establishments, the number of employees, average
full-time hours per week, average earnings per hour, and average
full-time earnings per week are shown for each of 46 selected occu­
pations and for all other reported wage earners in a single group
designated “ other employees.” The open-pit section is treated in a
similar manner and contains 21 occupations and a group of “ other
employees.” Of the 46 selected occupations in the underground
mines 23 are designated as underground occupations, 11 as surface
occupations and 12 are occupations in which the men are employed on
the surface or underground as occasion requires. “ Other employees ”
include both surface and underground employees. Figures are shown
for each district and each State in each district.
This table shows a total of 41,369 employees, but contains 3,173
duplications. The actual number of employees scheduled is 38,196.
Quite a number of these men worked at more than one occupation
during the pay period taken and were tabulated under each occupa­
tion worked. This accounts for the number of duplications.
Table B shows a classification of employees according to their
earnings per hour for 6 typical occupations which include over half
of the total employees scheduled. The object of this table is to
show the spread of earnings per hour for a few of the principal
occupations as illustrative of the industry. The extremely high and
low rates represent unusual conditions which sometimes occur in
most occupations.
The same six occupations that were tabulated in Table B have
been used in Table C, which shows the average and classified full­
time hours per week for the various States in each of the six districts.
About 72 per cent of the miners or drilling-machine operators work
48 hours or less a week. Twenty-one per cent work 56 hours. The
latter are Sunday or 7-day workers. Of the 21,232 employees
shown in this table less than 8 per cent work 60 hours per week and
one-tenth of 1 per cent work longer hours than 60 per week.




10

WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

A .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE

T able

UNDERGROUND M INES
Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
blacksmiths (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona.......................................................................
California..........................................................
Colorado........................... ............. w..........................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Utah ..........................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota—........-...................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead....................... ..........................
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
All districts...........................................................
blacksmiths1 helpers (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California.......... .........................................................
Colorado...............................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana....................................................................
Nevada. .................. -.................—
. ...............
New Mexico................ -........ ...................................
Utah........................................— :.............................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota-............................................................... Total........................................................................
Alabama iron. 1..................................... 1..........................
Southeast Missouri lead.................... .0 :.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc...................................................
All districts______________ -........ ....................
cagers (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona___ -— „......................................................
Colorado.................................................................
Idaho.........................................................................
Nevada. ....................................................................
New Mexico...................................—.......................
U tah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Northern iron: Michigan...............................................
AH districts.............................................................




Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
eafnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week
8
5
9
4
5
6
5
3
45
<r

30
13
16
8
22
9
6
7
111
5T

51.7
52.6
51.0
54.5
49.5
56.0
52.7
56.0
52.1
ilo -

24
10
34
4
3
18
110

70
18
88
22
8
23
292

56.6
60.0
57.3
63.3
- 49.0
48.0
54.4

8
5
5
3
5
3
5
3
37
6

25
9
6
9
29
9
11
10
108
69

50.7
52.0
52.0
54.2
49.7
56.0
52.4
56.0
52.0
54.0

21
9.
30
4
3 i'
10
90 .

57 ' 56.9 ' .420
20 • 5 9 . 4
.441
77
57.6
.426
.367
27
60.0
4 • *48.0 : . 531
10
48.0
.513
295 . 54.5
.462;

23.90
26.20
24.54
22.02
<26.49
24.62
2&1S

50lO
50.0
54.6
56.0
51.4
56.0
52.3
48.0
51.6

32.30
28.95
4a 19
38.25
23.23
39.20
33.37
27.22
32.35

8
3
3
4
4
2
24
11
35

38
8
20
• 12
13
8
99
19
118

$0:6*9
$35.10
38.77
.73*
>620
31.62
—785- - 42.78
.736,
36.43
.746
41.78
.618
32.57
.71 7
40.15
.700
36.47
.445
24.03
.517
.571
.529
.554
.594
.615
.593

29.
34:25
30131
35.07
29.11
29.52
32.26

.552
27.99
.570
29.64
.519
26.99
.656
35.56
.609
30.27
.633
35.45
.436
22.85
.590
33.04
.572 * 29.74
. ^354: . 19.12

.646
.579
.736
.683
.452
.700
.638
.567
.627

WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

11

T able A .— AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,

AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued
UNDERGROUND MINES—Continued
Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
carpenters

Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week

(surface and underground)

Western mixed ore:
Arizona......................................................................
California....................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada......................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Utah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper.............................................................:
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
M innesota................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron.._____ _________________________ !
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc............................. ..................... j!
All districts........................................................... _|
carpenters’ helpers (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona....................................................................
California....................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho.................................................... ......................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada. .....................................................................
New Mexico................................................................
Utah............................................................................
Total.................. .....................................................
Michigan copper. ...........................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan..................................... .............. ...............
Minnesota...................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron.....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
All districts.............................................................
chute loaders (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California........ ...........................................................
Colorado......................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota.............................. ....................................
Total____________________________________




7
6
7
3
4
6
4
2
39
6

15
16
10
9
21
18
8
6
103
71

52.0
53.6
52.0
54.7
50.7
56.0
51.0
56.0
53.1
53.9

$0,659
.746
.712
.751
.696
.785
.611
.710
.717
.425

$34.27
39.99
37.02
41.08
35.29
43.96
31.16
39.76
38.07
22.91

22
10
32
3i
7
88

103
29
132
38
1
17
362

55.5
56.2
55.6
60.0
48.0
52.7
54.9

.523
.562
.532
.531
.587
.691
.571

29.03
31.58
29.58
31.86
28.18
36.42
31.35

6
2
1
3
1
2
4
2
21
4

11
4
1
8
2
3
5
2
36
27

50.9
49.0
48.0
55.0
56.0
56.0
52.0
56.0
52.7
54.0

.477
.563
.531
.644
.531
.600
.450
.535
.532
.363

24.28
27.59
25.49
35.42
29.74
33.60
23.40
29.96
28.04
19.60

10
4
14
1
1
5
46

35
6
. 41
42
1
6
153

58.1
60.0
58.4
60.0
48.0
52.0
56.4

.414
.445
.419
.375
.569
.453
.426

24.05
26.70
24.47
22.50
27.31
23.56
24.03

4
1
6
1
1
12
4

28
2
52
31
1
114
304

53.4
52.0
54.5
56.0
52.0
54.5
48.0

.519
27.71
.563
29.28
36.73
.674
36.74
.656
.563 ' 29.28
34.12
.626
24.14
.503

13
4
17

124
22
146

47.4
46.8
47.3

.537
.553
.540

25.45
25.88
25.54

12

WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

A .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T able

UNDERGROUND M INES—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
chute loaders (underground)—continued
Alabama iron____ __________________ _________
Southeast Missouri lead............. ....................................
All districts...................... .....................................
compressor men (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California....................................................................
Colorado................................................... ..............
Idaho..........................................................................
Montana......................-----...................... -.............
Nevada*.....................................................................
U tah.................................................................. ........
Total.......................... ................................... ........
Michigan copper........................... .............................—
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota......................... .......................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron............ .....................................................
Southeast Missouri lead...... ..........................................
Tri-State lead and zinc.................... ............... ...............
All districts............................................................
DRILLING-MACHINE OPERATORS, COMPANY (under­
ground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona......................................... ........ ....................
California................................... .............................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho..........................................................................
Montana....................................................................
Nevada......................................................................
New Mexico..............................................................
U tah........................................................................
Total......................... ...........................................
Michigan copper...........................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan___ ___________________ _____i ........
Minnesota............................................ ....................
Total.................................... .................................
Alabama iron............................................................... ..
Southeast Missouri lead........... .....................................
Tri-State lead and zinc........................... .....................
All districts.............................................................

Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week
1
3
37

1
31
596

60.0
48.0
49.1

$0,300
.557
.538

$18.00
26.74
26.42

7
5
6
4
2
5
2
31
6

19
11
10
18
6
8
77
23

55.6
61.3
52.0
55.1
56.0
56.0
56.0
55.9
56.9

.712
.576
.538
.707
.688
.723
.621
.662
.446

39.59
35.31
27.98
38.96
38.53
40.49
34.78
37.01
25.38

7
2
9
3
4
6
59

20
3
23
11
10
10
154

60.6
79.3
63.0
73.1
51.8
84.0
59.9

.447
.457
.449
.395
.554
.411
.556

27.09
36.24
28.29
28.87
28.70
34.52
33.30

8
6
8
4
5
6
5
3
45
4

716
365
205
268
685
282
155
251
2,927
523

51.7
50.8
53.9
54.8
53.5
56.0
50.4
56.0
53.2
48.0

.603
.602
.605
.692
.598
.679
.475
.692
.617
.557

31.18
30.58
32.61
37.92
31.99
38.02
23.94
38.75
32.82
26.74

23
5
28
4
3
22
106

770
333
1,103
310
169
295
5,327

47.2
47.8
47.4
60.0
48,0
48.0
51.4

.625
.584
.614
.483
.577
.497
.594

29.50
27.92
29.10
28.98
27.70
23.86
30.53

4
2
3
2
5
4
3
1
24

481
9
53
27
961
61
18
18
1,628

50.4
54.7
49.4
54.5
51.6
56.0
52.0
56.0
51.5

.787
.858
.785
1.065
.764
.836
.583
.895
.778

39.66
46.93
38.78
58.04
39.42
46.82
30.32
50.12
40.07

5

DRILLING-MACHINE OPERATORS, CONTRACT (u n d e r­
g ro u n d )

Western mixed ore:
Arizona... ..............................................................
California................................................................
Colorado.................................... ..............................
Idaho ...................................................................
Montana .................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico............................................................
U tah ........................................................................
Total...................................................................




WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

13

T a b l e A . —AVERAGE

FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued
UNDERGROUND MINES—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
drilling machine operators,

Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week

caNTRACT (under­
ground)—continued
4
48.0 $0,676
686
$32.45
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
.674
18
2,134
47.4
31.95
Michigan.....................................................................
10
.788
1,394
47.4
37.35
Minnesota.—-..............................................................
.717
47.4
28
3,528
33.99
Total........................................................................
.821
1
60.0
6
49.26
Alabama iron..................... ..............................................
.712
4 !I
34.18
Southeast Missouri lead 1................................................
«8 1| 48.0
S uT
.729'
35.43
61
5,916
All districts.............................................................
drilling-machine operators’ helpers (under­
ground)
Western mixed ore:
.562
29.22
1
21
52.0
California,.................................................................
.814
45.58
1
18
56.0
Nevada............. —.....................................................
.530
27.56
2
9
New Mexico...............................................................
52.0
.679
36.33
4
48
53.5
Total........................................................................
3
Northern iron: Michigan................................................
8
46.5
.535
24.88
23.58
169
Alabama iron....................................................................
3
.393
60.0
.569
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
1
1
48.0
27.31
22
333
48.0
21.02
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
.438
All districts.........................................................
33
559
52.1
.447
23.29
drivers (surface)
Western mixed ore:
.516
1
1
Arizona................._..................................................
48.0
24.77
Id a h o ........................................................................
1
3
56.0
.670
37.52
2
2
.522
Montana.....................................................................
56.0
29.23
Nevada...................... .................................. ...........
1
1
56.0
.563
31.53
New Mexico................................................................
1
1
.438
52.0
22.78
1
Utah............................................................................
1
.625
56.0
35.00
7
Total.........................................................................
9
54.7
.568
31.07
Michigan copper...............................................................
6
22
54.0
.358
19.33
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
18
42
58.6
.405
23.73
7
Minnesota...................................................................
8
61.3
.434
26.60
25
Total....................................................................
50
59.0
.410
24.19
2
Alabama iron....................................................................
19
60.0
.334
20.04
2
4
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
48.0
.609
29.23
42
All districts............................................... ............
104
57.3
.406
23.26
drivers, mule (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona.......................................................................
31
3
48.0
.550
26.40
California-_______________ _________ _______
2
26
48.3
.564
27.24
4
10
Colorado____________________________ _____
55.2
.523
28.87
New Mexico................................................................
2
18
52.0
.451
23,45
Utah............................................................................
2
20
56.0
.614
34.38
13
TotaL___________________________________
105
51.0
.547
27.90
1Not including 54 contract men who have from 1 to 4 helpers, and make a profit from the helpers’ labor
in addition to their own earnings. Their average income was $0,902 per hour.

46961°—25f—Bull. 394---- 3




14

WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

T able A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,

AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued
UNDERGROUND M INES-Continued
Number of—

/
Occupation, district, and State
drivers , mule (underground)—continued
Michigan copper................. .......... . . . ______________
Northern iron: Michigan________ ________________
Alabama iron......................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead________________________ _
Tri-State lead and zinc----------------------------------------All districts____ . . . . ___ ___________________
DRY-HOUSE HEN (SUTfece)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona_____________________________________
California______________________________ ____
Colorado......................................................................
Idaho.............................................................................
Montana________________ ____________ ______
Nevada..........................................................................
New Mexico.................................................................
Total...........................................................................
Michigan copper.............. .................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.......................................................................
Minnesota.....................................................................
Total...........................................................................
Alabama iron.......................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead..............................— ................
All districts_______________________________
dumpers (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Colorado........ ..............................................................
Idaho............ ............................................................ —
Nevada.................................................... .....................
New Mexico.................................................................
Utah...............................................................................
Total_____________________________________
Northern iron:
Michigan.......................................................................
Minnesota................................................................. .
Total_____________________________________
All districts..............................................................
electricians (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
A rizona.......................................................................
California....................................................................
Colorado................. ............................................ .
Id a h o ..........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada......................................... ................................
New Mexico_________ _____________________ _
Utah_______________________________________
Total_____________________________________
Michigan copper________. . . ____... . .. ___ . . . . . ____




Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week
1
8
2
3
16
38

2
10
76
68
88
349

48.0
47.7
60.0
48.0
48.0
51.5

$0,400
.550
.267
.624
.444
.474

$19.20
26.24
16.02
29.95
21.31
24.41

8
4
1
2
5
3
3
26
6

27
5
2
4
13
5
4
60
33

53.6
55.2
48.0
54.0
52.3
56.0
51.0
53.3
55.3

.462
.504
.500
.656
.511
.632
.327
.499
.324

2176
27.82
2100
35.42
26.73
35.39
16.68
26.60
17.92

18
10
28

r
4
67

45
23
68

Slo"
8
179~

61.7
65.5
63.0
76.8
59.0
58.9

.382
.420
.394
.270
.417
.410

23.57
27.51
24.82
2a 74
2160
2115

4
1
1
2
1
0

24
2
3
6
5
40

55.0
56.0
56.0
50.7
56.0
64.6

.540
.551
.656
.389
.616
.536

29.70
30.86
36.74
19.72
34.50
29.27

3
2
5
14

10
8
18
58

55.4
60.0
57.4

55.5

.462
.422
.445
.508

25.59
25.32
25.54
28.19

7
6
6
4
5
4
4
2
38
6

19
7
7
20
22
12
4

51.8
54.3
53.7
53.2
51.3
56.0
52.0
56.0
53.0
51.7

.679
.781
.720
.770
.723
.750
.730
.726
.733
.465

35.17
42.41
38.66
40.96
37.09
42.00
37.96
40.66
38.85
2104

3

94
26

WAGES AND HOTJBS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINAS
T

15

A .— AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR.
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

able

U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S —Continued
Num ber of—
Occupation, district, and State
electricians (surface and underground)—continued
Northern iron:
Michigan............................................... . . -----------Minnesota..................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron.........................-.........................................
Southeast Missouri lead.................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc...................................................
All districts............................................................
electricians’ helpers (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................ .......r— ................................
California............-.....................................................
Colorado................................................—.................
Idaho...........................................................................
M ontana..-...............................................................
Nevada.......... ...........................................................
New Mexico..............................................................
Utah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper..............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan..................-................................................
Minnesota..................................................................
Total........................................................................
All districts.............................................................
ENGINEERS, STATIONARY (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona................................................—-------------Colorado............... ....................................................
New Mexico...................................... ............... ........
Total_________________ _________________
Michigan copper............... ..............................................
Northern iron: Michigan.............................. .................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc...................................................
All districts.............................................................
FIREMEN, STATIONARY (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho............ ..............................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................

T otal_____
M ichigan copper.




Average—

e
E m ­ Full-tim e Earning** Full-tim
Estab­
earnings
lishm ents ployees perhours
week per hour per week

22
6
28
4
1
1
78

40
13
53
18
2
1
194

56.3
56.9
56.4
64.0
48.0
56.0
54.7

$0,533
.526
.530
.537
.575
.714
.622

$30i01
29.93
29.89
34.37
27.60
39.98
34.02

5
3
4
3
3
2
2
1
23
6

10
4
7
14
9
6
2
1
53
9

52.8
52.0
51.4
52.9
48.9
56.0
54.0
56.0
52.4
54.0

.521
.591
.539
.648
.614
.665
.483
.584
.598
.368

27.51
30.73
27.70
34.28
30.02
37.24
26.08
32.70
31.34
19.87

9
3
12
41 |

29
4
33
95

54.4
60.0
55.0
53.5

.443
.428
.440
.521

24.10
25.68
24.20
27.87

3
1
4
8
i|
12
2
4
27

7
4
15
26
8
35
4
6
79

53.7
56.0
55.5
55.1
61.5
55.3
66.0
70.0
57.5

.733
.500
.644
.643
.420
.472
.314
.470
.515

39.36
28.00
35.74
35.43
25.83
26.10
20.72
32.90
29.61

1
5.
2
3
1
1
13
6

3
17
6
10
1
3
40
109

56.0
56.0
54.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
55.7
56.3

.550
.548
.656
.625
.563
.536
.584
.426 |

3a 80
30.69
35.42
35.00
31.53
3a 02
32.53
23.98

16

WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T able

UNDERGROUND M INES—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
firemen , stationary (surface)—continued
Northern iron:
Michigan..................................................................
Minnesota........................................................-........
Total_____ . . . ___ _____i....................................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc...............i............. ........ ............
All districts.............................................................
hoist men (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California.............................................................
Colorado..........................................................-........
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana............................................................... .
Nevada......................................................................
New Mexico.............. ....................................... ........
U tah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper................................................. ...........
Northern iron:
Michigan...................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total__________________ ____________ ____
Alabama iron............................................... ..................
Southeast Missouri lead........... ......................................
Tri-State lead and zinc_______ ______-......................
All districts.............................................................
hoist men (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona............................................................. ..........
California....................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada.......................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Utah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper..............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan....................................................................
Minnesota.......................................... .................... .
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead.................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc..................................................
All districts.............................................................




Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week
16
6
22
4
6
60

62
29
91
30
7
277

60.6
62.6
61.3
75.6
80.0
60.5

$0.471
.548
.493
.304
.329
.455

$28.54
34.30
30.22
22.98
26.32
27.53

8
4
5
1
5
6
3
2
34
<r

31
17
13 ’
5
29
20
10
11
136
92~

53.8
54.6
51.1
52.0
55.2
56.0
54.8
56.0
54.4
53.5

.763
.706
.657
.750
.741
.750
.573
.780
.727
.473

41.05
38.55
33.57
39.00
40.90
42.00
31.40
43.68
39.55
25j5

23
10
33
J"
4
22
ioi"

128
34
162
16~
16
61
iiT

58.2
62.2
59.0
71.3
55.0
54.4
56.4

.479
.505
.484
.502
.575
.530
.560

27.88
31.41
28.56
35.79
31.68
28.83
31.58

4
5
7
4
3
4
2
1
30
1

9
53.3
19
50.7
16
53.5
32
54.8
8
53.0
18
56.0
7
50.3
8
56.0
117 . 53.7
4 | 48.0

.686
.637
.586
.717
.688
.752
.489
.732
.678
.428

36.56
32.30
31.35
39.29
36.46
42.11
24.60
40.99
36.41
20.54

4
2
6
3
1
6
47

14
4
18
33
2
11
185

.514
.511
.514
.386
.569
.496
.593

24.36
24.17
24.31
23.16
27.31
23.81
31.84

47.4
47.3
47.3
60.0
48.0
48.0
53.7

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

17

A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T able

UNDERGROUND MINKS—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
laborers (underground)
Michigan copper............... -............................................
Northern iron:
Michigan...................................................................
Minnesota..................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
All districts.............................................................
loading-machine operators (underground)
Western mixed ore: Arizona...........................................
Michigan copper..............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan....................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron...................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
All districts.............................................................
machinists (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona__________ _________ _______ _______
California.................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada................................—....................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Utah......................... ................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper..............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan....................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total........... .................... ........ .............................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead.................. ..............................
Tri-State lead and zinc.............................................. —.
All districts.............................................................
machinists’ helpers (surface and underground)
Western mixed ores:
Arizona....................................... ...................... .
California...................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada.......................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Utah............................................................................
Total........................................................................




Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week
3

157

48.0

$0,474

$22.75

9
3
12
3
3
20
41

40
12
52
250
60
206
725

47.1
48.0
47.3
60.0
48.4
48.0
52.1

.500
.515
.503
.330
.573
.434
.423

23.55
24.72
23.79
19.80
27.73
20.83
22.04

2
2

3
35

53.3
48.0

.696
.413

37.10
19.82

3
1
4
1
4
1
14

31
3
34
49
53
1
175

47.5
48.0
47.5
60.0
48.0
48.0
51.4

.664
.719
.669
.510
.719
.563.
.588

3L54
34.51
31.78
30.60
34.51
27.02
30.22

7
6
8
4
5
7
5
3
45
6

50
17
14
24
23
18
15
6
167
73

50.1
53.2
50.9
54.2
49.7
56.0
52.0
56.0
52.0
53.8

.672
.661
.619.
.756
.724
.774
.666
.758
.701
.478

33.67
35.17
31.51
40.98
35.98
43.34
34.63
42.45
36.45
25.72

21
7
28
4
4
2
89

70
16
86
32
15
2
375

57.1
60.0
57.6
60.0
48.0
52.0
54.2

.512
.596
.528
.543
.601
.706
.600

29.24
35.76
30.'41
32.58
28.85
36.71
32.52

6
4
6
3
5
1
3
3
31

27
14
10
12
18
4
11
9
105

54.2
50.3
52.8
54.3
48.9
56.0
49.8
56.0
52.4

.508
.593
.534
.662
.610
.642
.419
.590
.557

27.53
29.83
28.20
35.95
29.83
35.95
20.87
33.04
29.19

18

WAGES AND HOUBS OP LABOR IK METALLIFEROUS MIKES

Tab’oE A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued
UNDERGROUND MINES—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State

Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week

machinists’ helpers (surface aDd underground)—

continued
Michigan eeppe1*
. r rxT
- ________
Northern
iron:
Michigan ...___ ,
____________________________
Minnesota...................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron, .. „
r , , _. ,
______________
firm th east. Missouri lead______ ___________-______
All districts______________________________
motobmen (underground)
Western
mixed
ore:
Arizona ______________________
__________
California„________________________________
Idaho . ,j n x x .r „
- - - ___ ______N evada _ _______________________________ ________ _
New Mevinn

Utah ............................................................................................................
Total.......................................................................................................
Michigan coppa**
_______ r
Northern
iron:
M ichigan,,
_ T
xx
______ ___ ___
Minnesota............................................. .......................-------------------Total.......................................................................................................
Alabama iron

________ __________________________

OalifOmift

_____ __________________ . . . . . . . . . . . .
... .
. T _

PoilthAftst Missouri lAad . „. r , r
Tri-State lead and zinc..........................................................................
All districts__________________________________ . . . —
muckers (underground)
Western
mixed ore:
Arizona

6

48

54.0

$0,377

$20.36

13
6
19
4
63

26
23
49
15
14
231

56.8
59.5
58.0
60.0
48.0
54.1

.425
.422
.422
.366
.569
.479

24.14
25.11
24.48
21.96
27.31
25.91

7
3
6
4

118
12
42
43

53.8
50.3
54.7
54.8

.583
.610
.586
.687

31.37
30.68
32.05

3

4
6
1
2
33
5

120
27
4
14
380
67

53.3
56.0
52.0
52.0
53.8
48.0

.595
.674
.531
.664
.609
.457

37.65
31.71
37.74
27.61
34.53
32.76
21.94

22
10
32
2~
4
2
78

142
88
230
ii~
57
4
749

47.3
47.3
47.3
60.0
48.0
48.0
50.9

.556
.565
.558
.444
.576
.556
.575

26.30
26.72
26.39
26.64
27.65
26.69
29.27

32.0
51.7
51.6
54.4
56.0
56.0
50.9
56.0
53.0
48.0
47.3
60.0
48.0
48.0
52.7

353
.548
.539
.623
.594
.640
.402
.623
.568
.501
.531
.429
.596
.699
.554

28.76
28.33
27.81
33.89
33.26
35.84
20.46
34.89
30.10
24.05
25.12
25.74
28.61
33.55
29.20

52.3
50.1
55.1
53.8
53.8
56.0
50.8
56.0
53.2

.541
.597
.545
.661
.599
.659
.449
.674
.584

28.29
29.91
30.03
35.56
32.23
36.90
22.81
37.74
31.07

Total
______________
M ichigan nonpar
_
x „
_____
NorthArn iron* M ichigan. x _
x_x___
Alabama ir o n ___________________________ _______ _
Southeast Missouri lead . , .
. , __________
T ri-State lead and zinc_ . ..
. __________ _
All distriots ...
__

5
4
4
22
82

688
397
180
262
24
156
127
303
2,137
319
49
737
430
438
4,110

nippers (underground).
Western mixed ore:
Arizona , - - __, ___
_______________
California ____________________________________________
Colorado .............. x , , , rTr, r , _______________
Trlahn .
_
__
_______________
Montana .
—r T- T______________
Nevada „ __ _
__ _______________
N ew Mexico __________ __ ____________ _________ _
Utah _______________________________ _____________________
Total _________ - ________ _________ _____________________

8
5
4
3
5
4
4
3
36

50
15
9
16
52
11
10
9
172

Colorado. , x x x . . .
_ __
Idaho _________________________________________ __________
M ontana, x, x T _
,T
_
Nevada - ,-,x „ . r r r f
'N’aw Mexico... . r
. , , „ .
_ _
Utah ............................................................................................................




8
6
8
4
2
5
6
3
41

6

x sx = = a m

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IK METALLIFEROUS MIKES

19

A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T able

UNDERGROUND MINES—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
nippers

(underground)—continued

Northern iron: Michigan.................. .............................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead................................—.............
Tri-State lead and zinc.................................... ...............
All districts.............................................................
oilers (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California...................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho..........................................................................
Montana....................................................... .............
* Nevada................. ........ .................................-..........
New Mexico...............................................................
,Total........................................................................
Michigan copper.................................................. .........
Northern iron:
Michigan............................------------ ---------------Minnesota..................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
All districts.............................................................
ore sorters (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Colorado__________________________________
Idaho.______
______________________________
M ontana,,
,
______________
Nevada......................................................... ........
New Mexico.......................... -..................................
Utah_________________________ ____________
Total___________________________________
Michigan copper__________ ____________________
Northern iron: Michigan...................................... ........
All districts.............................................................
pipeman (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona___________________________________
California...................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana________ ¥________________________
Nevada......................................................................
New Mexico..............................................................
Utah_____________________________________
Total___________ . . . _____________________
Michigan copper__ . . . . _________ _______________




Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week
4
3
1
1
3
48

85
4
19
1
7
288

48.0
47.0
60.0
48.0
48.0
51.9

$0,342
.569
.380
.631
.455
.496

$16.42
26.74
22.80
30.29
21.84
25.74

6
1
3
2
4
1
4
21
5

17
1
6
7
19
1
10
61
65

52.9
52.0
52.0
54.3
54.3
56.0
54.4
53.7
54.5

.544
.562
.578
.656
.584
.688
.467
.562
.333

28.78
29.22
3a 06
35.62
31.71
38.53
25.40
30.18
18.15

7
4
11
2
2
41

11
6
17
3
2
148

57.3
57.8
57.4
60.0
59.0
54.7

.444
.559
.492
.251
.403
.445

25.44
32.31
28.24
15.06
23.78
24.34

4
2
1
1
3
2
13
2
9
24

34
24
15
3
12
11
99
8
34
141

50.8
54.2
56.0
56.0
50.0
56.0
53.1
48.0
52.8
52.7

.552
.604
.544
.661
.353
.650
.556
.412
.474
.528

28.04
32.74
30.46
37.02
17.65
36.40
29.52
19.78
25.03
27.83

8
5
4
4
5
6
3
2
39

44
16
11
7
39
12
8
9
146
36

52.7
51.8
54.5
55.4
53.3
56.0
48.5
56.0
53.3
48.5

.593
.620
.579
.704
.696
.712
.481
.650
.635
.481

31.25
32.12
31.56
39.00
37.10
39.87
23.33
36.40
33.85
23.33

6

20

WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T able

UNDERGROUND M INES—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
pipeman (surface and underground)—continued
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron.....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
Tri*State
lead and zinc...................................................
•»
All districts.........................-.................................
powder men (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California....................................................................
Colorado......................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Utah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan............................................ .......................
Minnesota...............................................................—
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron.....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
All districts.............................................................
pump men (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona......................................................................
California...................... ..........................................
Colorado......................................................................
Idaho............................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
U tah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron......................... .........................................
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
All districts.............................................................
roof trimmers (underground)
Michigan copper...............................................................
Alabama iron.....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead..................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc...................................................
All districts.............................................................




Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per
week
24
10
34
4
2
4
89

82
28
110
17
13
6
328

49.8
54.2
51.0
60.0
48.0
48.0
52.0

$0,528
.510
.524
.383
.570
.465
.562

$26.29
27.64
26.72
22.98
27.36
22.32
29.22

8
1
3
4
4
2
3
25
1

33
1
5
26
5
3
7
80
1,

50.8
56.0
54.4
54.8
56.0
52.0
56.0
53.2
48.0

.588
.531
.563
.596
.682
.417
.679
.596
.463

29.87
29.74
30.63
32.66
38.19
21.68
* 38.02
31.71
22.22

11
5
16
3
47

17
8
25
3
115

47.2
47.8
47.4
60.0
48.0
52.1

.556
.546
.553
.376
.569
.573

26.24
26.10
26.21
22.56
27.31
29.85

4
3
1
2
4
3
4
2
23
6

16
14
3
10*
21
15
8
15
102
67

55.8
56.0
56.0
53.6
56.0
56.0
55.0
56.0
55.6
54.9

.643
.589
.593
.737
.694
.714
.459
.687
.655
.429

35.88
32.98
33.21
39.50
38.86
39.98
25.25
38.47
36.42
23.55

22

10
32
4
4
4
73~

89
37
126
20
15
5
335"

57.9
52.3
56.3
65.6
54.4
69.6
56.5

.481
.546
.498
.384
.534
.439
.526

27.85
28.56
28.04
25.19
29.05
30.55
29/72

3
2
4
17
26

7
63
74
32
176

48.0
60.0
48.0
48.0
52.3

.482
.556
.575
.509
.553

23.14
33.36
27.60
24.43
28.92

2~

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

21

A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T able

UNDERGROUND M INES—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
skippers (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California.....................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
• Idaho...........................................................................
Nevada............................................ — ...................
New Mexico...............................................................
U tah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper..............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota..................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron....................................................................
All districts.............................................................
station men (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Montana....................................................................
U tah............................................................................
Total........................................................................
Michigan copper...................................... ........................
Northern iron:
Michigan...................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total........................................................................
Alabama iron.....................................................................
All districts.....................................-......................
TIMBER FRAMERS (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona.......................................................................
California....................................................................
Colorado...................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada............................................................. .........
U tah............................................................................
Total.........................................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total.........................................................................
All districts..............................................................
timbermen (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona............................................... .......................
California....................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico....................................................... .......
U tah............................................................................
Total........................................................................




Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week

6
6
2
1
6
1
1
23
i|
20
9
29
1
54

17
35
7
1
18
3
1
82
»
99
28
127
11
229

52.2
55.3
48.0
56.0
56.0
48.0
56.0
54.0
48.0
47.1
49.8
47.7
66.0
50.8

$0,656
.612
.681
.656
.682
.468
.688
.637
.459
.550
.551
.550
.425
.572

$34.24
33.84
32.69
36.74
38.19
22.46
38.53
34.40
22.03
25.91
27.44
26.24
28.05
29.06

5

58
8
66
70
7
5
12
5
153

54.3
56.0
54.5
48.0
46.3
46.7
46.5
60.0
51.1

.658
.701
.663
.495
.543
.531
.538
.425
.569

35.73
39.26
36.13
23.76
25.14
24.80
25.02
25.50
29.08

2
29
15
10
25
54

8
5
5
11
25
5
4
63
48
27
75 I
138 j

52.0
54.0
51.2
53.8
50.2
56.0
56.0
52.3
57.4
60.0
58.3
55.6

.599
.625
.585
.666
.645
.684
.673
.641
.449
.450
.448
.536

31.15
33.75
29.95
35.83
32.38
38.30
37.69
33.52
25.70
27.02
26.17
29.80

8
6
8
4
5
6
5
3
45

184
93
157
208
415
84
28
110
1,279 1

54.7
50.8
53.6
54.5
52.7
56.0
50.1
56.0
63.7

.617
.642
.594
.764
.659
.721
.473
.654
.658

33.75
32.61
31.84
41.64
34.73
40.38
23.70
36.62
35.33

1
6
4

3

4

7

1
18

6

5
5
3
5
3

22

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T able

UNDERGROUND M IN IS—Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per
week

timber men (underground)—continued
Michigan copper........................ ......................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total.........................................................................
Alabama iron.....................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead...................................... ............
Tri-State lead and zinc.................................... —............
All districts.............................................................
timbermen ’s helpers (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona........................................................................
California.*.................................................................
Colorado......................................................................
Idaho............................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
U tah............................................................................
Total....................................... .................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.....................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................
Total.........................................................................
Alabama iron....................................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc....................................................
All districts.............................................................
tool dressers (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona............................................... .......................
California....................................................................
Colorado................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
M ontana.....................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico...............................................................
Utah............................................................................
Total.........................................................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
_____ ____
Northern iron: M ichigan.
Alabama iron.....................................................................
All districts..............................................................I!
topmen (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona.......................................................... .............
California....................................................................
Colorado.....................................................................
Idaho...........................................................................
M ontana.....................................................................
Nevada........................................................................
New Mexico.'
_
_
U tah............................................................................
Total...........................................................................




Average—

6

410

48.0

$0,464

$22.27

22
10
32
3
1
5
92

231
101
332
12
3
19
2,055

47.1
47.8
47.3
60.0
48.0
48.0
51.5

.576
.598
.578
.421
.756
.500
.604

27.13
28.58
27.34
25.26
36.29
24.00
31.11

5
5
5
4
2
3
1
25
3

107
20
21
185
26
9
61
429
42

55.7
52.8
49.5
54.3
56.0
52.0
56.0
54.6
48.0

.524
.555
.509
.666
.645
.437
.656
.605
.406

29.19
29.30
25.20
36.16
36.12
22.72
36.74
33.03
19.49

10
1
11
3
2
44

139
30
169
68~
7
715

46.9
46.5
46.8
60.0
48.0
52.8

.525
.553
.530
.365
.437
.551

24.62
25. n
24.80
21.90
20.98
29.09
*

5
4
3
4
5
5
5
3
34
6~
9
1
50

6
8
3
8
15
7
7
8
62
33~
13
2
110

50.0
51.5
53.3
54.5
53.3
56.0
52.0
56.0
53.4
54.0
54.5
60.0
53.8
-------- -----

.716
.641
.656
.777
.695
.747
.575
.689
.694
.401
.515
.620
.584

35.80
33.01
34.96
42.35
37.04
41.83
29.90
38.58
37.06
21.65
28.07
37.20
31.42

7
6
8
3
5
7
4
3
43

92
54
56
63
112
47
33
63
520

51.3
52.7
49.7
53.8
50.9
56.3
51.4
56.0
52.5

.364
.519
.491
.605
.563
.608
.358
.588
.517

18.67
27.35
24.40
32.55
28.66
34.23
18.40
32.93
27.14

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

23

AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T a b l e A .—

U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S —Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
topmen

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per
week

(surface)—-continued

Northern iron:
Total....................................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc . _ . .. . . .. . __
_______
All districts __________________________
trackmen (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona __ _
- - __ __________
Idaho_______________________________
____
M ontana
_. _ .
_ _ _
Nevada
,
_
_ __
____ ,
- . . . _____________
____
New
M exico ^
..
TTteh
Total _____ ___________________________ _
M ichigan copper_____________________________________ ______ _____ ______

Northern
iron:
Michigan

____

_

_

_

M innesota........ „
^
________ .
.
Total
_
.
__
_ __ _ _ _ _
Alabam a iron
_ _ .
_
_
Pouthcest Missouri lead
Tri-Statft lead and zinc. _ _ T ... . . . . _
All districts . .. _ .
____ _
trackmen’s helpers (underground)

_ _
-

Western mixed ore:
Arizona__________________________________
California . _
_
_ _ _
____

fJolorado__ . ......
Idaho
. ...
__
. _ .
_r
N evada
TTt.ah______________________________________________________________________________
Total . ____
_______________
. _______
_______
Michigan copper. _ T
______
_ _ _ _ _ _
Northern iron: M ichigan _ _
___
_
Alabama iron _
_ _ .
_
______
Tri-State lead and zinc ...
______
. _
All districts
... .
. .
_____
trammers (underground)

Western
mixed ore:
Arizona _

California _ _
_
Colorado _
_
Idaho . _
.
M ontana
.
N evada _
N ew Mexico
TTtah
____

_
_

....,

_ _
. . .
_

..
_
________________________
________________

Total________ . . __




___ .

Average—

.
.
.

_____
_ __________ T
____ _
.

.. „.

6

181

54.2

$0,343

$18.59

24
10
34
4
4
22
113

596
172
767
159
9
106
1,742

56.8
60.4
57.6
60.3
48.0
48.1
55.3

.416
.427
.418
.282
.468
.421
.428

23.63
25.79
24.08
17.00
22.46
20.25
23.67

8
4
5
4
4
2
2
3
32
6

49
12
15
10
58
4
3
11
162
144

51.8
50.7
53.3
55.2
50.5
56.0
49.3
56.0
52.0
48.0

.570
.554
.561
.700
.601
.688
.459
.670
.596
.460

29.53
28.0929.90
38.64
30.35
38.53
22.63
37.52
30.99
22.08

14
7
21
4
4
19
86~

26
45
71
31
219
40
667

47.6
47.0
47.2
60.0
48.0
48.0
49.4

.589
.537
.556
.448
.569
.517
.542

28.04
25.24
26.24
26.88
27.31
24.82
26.77

5
1
1
1
2
1
11
2
4
3
7
27

33
6
1
5
5
2
52
25
18
126
27
248

53.8
52.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
54.2
48.0
47.1
60.0
48.0
55.3

.513
.571
.500
.656
.622
.656
.551
.413
.515
.351
.437
.420

27.60
29.69
28.00
36.74
34.83
36.74
29.86
19.82
24.26
21.06
20.98
23.23

5
5
7
4
5
5
5
2
38

311
74
145
32
356
111
73
50
1,152

53.9
49.8
51.8
53.5
53.2
56.0
50.6
56.0
53.2

.481
.586
.599
.638
.596
.641
.394
.616
.557

25.93
29.18
31.03
34.13
31.71
35.90
19.94
34.50
29.63

24
T

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

A .— AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

able

UNDERGROUND M INES-Continued

1
- "gjwmaah.
Average—

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
trammers (underground) continued
Michigan copper.................................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.......................................................................
Minnesota-....................................................................
Total...........................................................................
Alabama iron......................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead....................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc......................................................
All districts...............................................................
trip riders (underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona...........-...........................................................California......................................................................
Colorado_________________-..................-............—
Idaho.............................................................................
Nevada..........................................................................
New Mexico.................................................................
Total..........................................................................
Michigan copper................................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.......................................................................
Minnesota-...................................................................
Total................................................... :.....................
Alabama iron................... . . ................................... -........
■ Southeast Missouri lead....................................................
'Tri-State lead and z in c ..................................................
All districts...............................................................
truck operators (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona....................................................... ...............
California...................................................................
Colorado........................................................................
Montana^............. .......................................................
Nevada..........................................................................
New Mexico................................................................
Utah...............................................................................
Total...........................................................................
Michigan copper................................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.......................................................................
Minnesota............................................. .......................
Total...........................................................................
Alabama iron......................................................................
All districts...............................................................




Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week
6

367

48.0

$0,551

$26.45

21
8
29
1
1
22
97

345
40
385
3
7
114
2,028

47.5
48.0
47.6
60.0
48.0
48.0
50.9

.561
.551
.560
.370
.569
.438
.550

26.65
26.45
26.66
22.20
27.31
21.02
28.00

7
3
4
3
3
1
21

68
13
6
31
4
4
126
36

53.2
50.2
53.3
54.3
56.0
52.0
53.2
48.0

.499
.563
.512
.644
.630
.460
.542
.467

26.55
28.26
27.29
34.97
35.28
23.92
28.83
22.42

93
45
138
48
43
4
395

47.1
47.6
47.2
60.0
48.0
48.0
50.8

.551

.552
.345
.569
.469
.517

25.95
26.42
26.05
20.70
27.31
22.51
26.26

6
6

50.7
55.7
48.0
52.0
56.0
54.0
56.0
53.4
54.0

.559
.560
.602
.653
.716
.483
.750
.610
.383

28.34
31.19
28.90
33.96
4a 10
2a 08
42.00
32.57
20.68

55.1
60.0
56.6
60.0
55.1

.498
.460
.485
.456
.514

27.44
27.60
27.45
27~36
28.32

3

16
7
23
3
3
2
55

5
4
1
2
4
2
1
19

2

4

6

2

4

1
27
12

9

22

6

15
2~

40

10
32
2~

73

.555

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

25

T a b l e A . —AVERAGE

FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S —Continued

Number of—
Occupation, district, and State
watchmen (surface)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona..........................................................................
California......................................................................
Colorado....................................................-.................
Idaho..............-................... ........................................
Montana.......................................................................
Nevada......................................................— ..............
New Mexico........................... ......... ..........................
Utah...................... :......................................................
Total........... ..............................................................
Michigan copper................................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan.......................................................................
Minnesota....... ............................................................
Total..........................................................................
Alabama iron......................................................................
Tri-State lead and zinc.....................................................
All districts...............................................................
o t h e r e m p l o y e e s (surface and underground)
Western mixed ore:
Arizona..........................................................................
California............-.....................................................Colorado.......................................................................
Idaho..................... .................................... ..................
Montana...................— ....................................-........
Nevada.........................................................................
New Mexico____________ ___________________
Utah..............................................................................
Total...........................................................................
Michigan copper...............................................................
Northern iron:
Michigan...................................................................
Minnesota.....................................................................
Total..........................................................................
Alabama
iron......................................................................
Southeast Missouri lead.......................... ........................
Tri-State lead and zinc.....................................................
All districts...............................................................

Average—

Estab­ Em­ Full-time Earnings Full-time
earnings
lishments ployees perhours
week per hour per week

4
5
6
4
5
5
5
2
36
6

20
12
14
15
24
8
5
6
104
26

56.0
56.0
68.0
56.3
56.0
56.0
57.2
56.0
57.7
66.3

$0,532
.529
.440
.638
.507
.637
.415
.538
.526
.352 j

$29.79
29.62
29.92
35.92
28.39
35.67
23.74
30.1$
30.36
23.34

20
8
28
2
2
74

41
9
50
8
2
190

77.1
75.6
76.8
79.3
56.0
64.8

.366
.443
.380
.291
.366
.452 |

28.22
33.49
29.18
23.08
20.50
29.29

8
6
9

243
54
113
91
155
66
58
47
827
439

55.0
52.8
53.1
54.1
54.4
56.8
52.9
56.0
54.4
50.1

.605
.672
.635
.774
.744
.755
.555
.735
.673
.497 |

33.28
35.48
33.72
41.87
40.47
42.88
29.36
41.16
36.61
24.90

436
127
563
116
81
113
2,139

52.2
55.6
53.0
61.3
49.9
49.0
53.1

.578
.620
.584
.420
.592
.554
.590

30.17
34.47
30.95
25.75
29.54
27.15
31.33

3
10
4
17

79
57
4
140

56.0
60.0
60.0
57.7

$0,668
.567
.401
.619

$37.41
34.02
24.06
35.72

3
7
2
12

82
40
2
124

56.0
60.0
60.0
57.4

.523
.458
.285
.498

29.29
27.48
17.10
28.59

4
56
5

3
46
6

26
10
35
4
4

22

117

O P E N P IT M IN E S
B L A C K S M

I T H S

W estern m ixed ore......................................................................
Northern iron.................................. ............................................
Alabama iron................................................................................
All districts........................................................................
B L A C K S M

I T H S ’

H E L P E R S

W estern mixed ore____•_...........................................................
Northern iron...............................................................................
Alabam a iron................................................................................
All districts........................................................................




26

WAGES AND HOUBS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

T a b l e A .—

O P E N P IT M IN E S —Continued
Num ber of—
Occupation, district, and State

Average—

e
Em ­ F ull-tim e Earnings Full-tim
Estab­
earnings
lishm ents ployees perhours
week per hour per week

C A R P E N T E R S

W estern mixed ore.................................... .....................
Northern iron....................................................................
Alabam a iron.__. . . . . . . . . . . ________________—
All districts............................................................
C A R P E N T E R S ’

A C H I N E

M

A C H I N E

P

M

E N

W estern m ixed ore........................................
Northern iron..................................................
Alabam a iron...................................................
A ll districts__________ __________
L A B O R E R S

W estern m ixed ore.........................................
Northern iron..................................................
Alabama iron...................................................
All districts.........................................
L O C O M

O T I V E

O T I V E

F I R

E M

A C H I N IS T S

W estern m ixed ore.......................................
Northern iron................................................
Alabam a iron................................................
All districts............ ............................
M

A C H I N IS T S ’

.526
.437
.310
.470

29.46
26.22
18.60
27.17

3
12
2
17

110
117
2
229

56.9
60.0
60.0
58.5

.614
.479
.460
.544

34.94
28.74
27.60
31.82

3
7
2
12

99
45
2
146

57.1
60.0
60.0
58.0

.545
.438
.281
.508

31.12
26.28
16.86
29.46

2
9
1
12

85
106
1
192

56.0
60.0
60.0
58.2

.339
.422
.280
.385

18.98
25.32
16.80
22.41

3
10
4
17

179
96
97
372

56.0
60.0
60.0
58.1

.369
.429
.245
.352

20.66
25.74
14.70
20.45

3
13
4
20

139
162
18
319

56.0
60.0
60.0
58.3

.685
.696
.414
.675

38.36
41.76
24.84
39.35

3
11
4
18

175
213
18
406

56.0
60.8
60.0
58.7

.531
.524
.260
.515

29.74
31.86
15.60
30.23

3
10
4
17

109
79
4
192

56.0
60.0
60.0
57.7

.660
.536
.399
.604

36.96
32.16
23.94
34.85

3
3
3
9

184
40
7
231

57.1
60.0
60.0
57.7

.515
.455
.337
.499

29.41
27.30
20.22
28.79

H E L P E R S

W estern mixed ore.......................................
Northern iron_______________________
Alabama iron.____ . . . . . . . . __________
A ll districts....... ...............................




56.0
60.X)
60.0
57.8

E N

W estern m ixed ore.........................................
Northern iron..................................................
Alabam a iron..................................................
All districts...........................................
M

35
20
8
63

E N G I N E E R S

W estern m ixed ore........................................
Northern ir o n .......... ....................................
Alabam a iron..................................................
All districts.........................................
L O C O M

3
6
3
12

$38.30
31.80
18.90
33.46

O P E R A T O R S ’ H E L P E R S

W estern mixed ore.............. ...........................................
N orthern iron....................................................................
Alabam a iron.....................................................................
A ll districts............................................................D U M

56.0 . $0,684
60.0
.530
60.0
.315
58.7
.570

O P E R A T O R S

W estern mixed ore......................................................... .
Northern iron....................................................................
Alabam a iron..................................................... ...............
A ll districts______________________________
D R I L L I N G

26
49
4
79

H E L P E R S

W estern mixed ore...........................................................
Northern iron....................................................................
Alabam a iron___ . . . .......................................................
All districts.............................................................
D R I L L I N G - M

3
7
4
14

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES
T

27

A.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME HOURS, EARNINGS PER HOUR,
AND FULL-TIME EARNINGS PER WEEK, 1924, BY OCCUPATION,
DISTRICT, AND STATE—Continued

able

O P E N P IT M IN E S —Continued
Average—

Num ber of—
Occupation, district, and State

P I T M

E N

W estern mixed o r e .- ............................................ ....................
Northern iron..........................- ------- ----------------------------Alabama iron................................................................................
AH districts......................................................................
S H O T

F I B E R S

W estern m ixed ore......................................................................
Northern iron...............................................................................
All districts........................................................................
S H O V E L

C R A N E M

E N G

F I R

E M

I T C H M

E N

W estern mixed ore............................................................
Northern iron................................................................................

Alabama iron

__,, _ _ __________________
All districts .....................................i _____________
T R A C K M

E N

W estern mixed ore.... ........... ....................................................
Northern iron............................................ ............ ....................
Alabama iron............................................................ .................
All districts___________. . . . ........................................
T R I P

$0,386
.469
.253
.426

$21.62
28.14
15.18
24.88

2
10
12

28
26
54

59.5
60.0
59.7

.458
.494
.475
—■— — —

27.25
29.64
28.36

3
13
4
20

76
64
10
150

56.0
60.0
60.0
58.0

.673
.701
.390
.666

3
13
4
20

69
75
13
157

56.0
60.0
60.0
58.2

.901
.997
.546
.917

50.46
59.82
32.76
53.37

3
13
4
20

104
112
15
231

56.0
64.1
60.0
60.2

.526
.514
.275
.504

29.46
32.95
16.50
3ft 34

3
10
2
15

128
81
7
216

56.0
60.0
60.0
57.6

.471
.424
.255
.446

2a 38
25.44
15.30
25.69

3
13
4
20

891
759
36
1,686

56.0
60.0
60.0
57.9

.376
.419
.250
.393

21.06
25.14
15.00
22.75

. 2
13
15

153
179
332

56.0
60.0
58.2

.544
.481
.510

30.46
28.86
29.68

A T C H M

3
10
17

104
34
10
148

58.6
76.8
72.8
63.7

.471
.449
.249
.451

27.60
34.48
18.13
28.73

3
13

355

352
69

20

776

57.2
60.4
60.0
58.9

.536
.535
.293
.514

30.66
32.31
17.58
30.27

37.69
42.06
23.40
38.63

7

R I D E R S

W estern mixed ore.......................................................................
Northern iron...............................................................................
All districts......................................................................
W

56.0
60.0
60.0
58.4

E N

W estern mixed ore......................................................................
Northern iron................... .............. ............... ...........................
Alabama iron................................................................................
All districts_______________ ________________
S W

232
315
26
573

I N E E R S

Western mixed ore......................................................................
Northern iron.................................................................... ..........
Alabama iron................................................................................
All districts........................................................................
S H O V E L

3
13
4
20

E N

W estern mixed ore......................................................................
Northern iron...............................................................................
Alabama iron................................................................................
All districts___________________________________
S H O V E L

e
E m ­ Full-tim e Earnings Full-tim
Estab­
earnings
lishm ents ployees perhours
week per hour per week

E N

W estern mixed ore......................................................................
Northern iron.........................................................- ....................
Alabama iron................................................................................
All districts__________. . . ______________________

4

OTHER EMPLOYEES

W estern m ixed ore__________________ ________________
Northern iron ___________________. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Alabama iron................................................................................
All districts........................................................................




4

-AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR FOR 6 TYPICAL OCCUPATIONS,
BY DISTRICT AND-STATE

Occupation, district, and State

DRILLING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
company (underground)
W estern m ixed ore:
Arizona............................................................
California___________________________
Colorado____________________________
Idaho................................................................
M ontana............................................ ............
N evada_____________________________
N ew M exico...........................................
U tah ............................................ ....................
T otal.............................................................
M ichigan copper.................................................
Northern iron:
M ichigan......................................................
M innesota..................................... ................
Total........... ............................ .................. ..
Alabama iron........................................... ............
Southeast M issouri lead............. .................. ..
Tri-State lead and zinc............................
Ail districts................................................1




Estab­ E m ­
lish­ ploy­
m ents ees

8
6
8
4
5
6
5
3

45
4
23
5
28
4
3
22
106

Aver­
age
earn­ U n­
ings der
per 30
hour cents

N u m b e r o f e m p lo y e e s w h o s e e a r n in g s p e r h o u r w e r e —
30 35 40 45 50
and and and and and
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­
der der der der der
35 40 45 50 55
cents cents cents cents cents

55
and
un­
der
60
cents

716 $0.603
8
87 77
1 46 201
365 .602
"T
205
.605
. . . . . 1 91
268 .692
”T
1
.....
685 .598 ____
638
1
282
.679
155 .475
37 73 25
19
.692 ......... ......... .........
251
1
3
2,927
.617 —
962
i ......... 38 163 153
523 | .557 ____ 1____
3 134 373
J1
770 .625
2 460
.584
333
308
I
.614
1,103
2 768
L
11
310
.483
2
31 119 41 110
169 .577
165
295
.497 .........| i
11 35 240
7
5,327
.594
31 168 242 639 2,277
M

2I

60
and
un­
der
65
cents

65
and
un­
der
70
cents

70 75 80 85 90 95 $1 $1.10 $1.20 $1. 30 $1. 50
and and and and and cents and
and and and
un­ un­ un­ un­ un­ and un­ and
un­ un­ un­
der der der der der un­ der un­
der
der der der
75 80 85 90 95 der $1.10 $1. 20 $1.30
$1.40 $1.60
cents cents cents cents cents $1

403 123 11
45
24
104
3
39 163 5
13 30
184 97
1
7 “'206' ‘ 13"
612 733 126
12
175
15
190
5
3
1
811

1
6
26 "’2 l”
6
44 13
____ ____ ____
____ ____
1
..... .....
“ I 2"
......... ......... ......... — ......... .........
89 43
— ......... .........
6 ......... 1 .........!
1
■1 1................................
I____ '_____l_____ ____ 1..........
-------,-------

12
3
15

2 117
2
4
2
4 117 iI 6
1
1
—
—
.........
760 132 207 49

1
1 —
—

—

7

—

......... ......... ......... ......... ......... .........
1
.........

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

N u m b e r o f—

28

T a ble B .-

N o r th e r n iro n : M ic h ig a n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ „
A l a b a m a i r o n . . ..................... . .......................

Southeast M i s s o u r i lead.................... .............
_________ __ _
All districts_____________________ _

4
2
3
2
5
4
3
1
24
4

481
9
53
27
961
61
18
18
1,628
686

18
10
28
1
4
61

2,134
.674
1,394
.788
.717
3,528
6
.821
.712 Missouri
. 68 Southeast
.729 1 - -I5,916
1

8
6
8
4
2
5
5
3
41
6
5
4
4

688 .553
92 21
397 .548
33
180 .539
262
.623
24 .594
156 .640
.402
127
36 89
2
.623
303
.568
2,137
128 143
2
319 .501
1 36 4 170
49 .531
737 .429 27 40 260 149 225
1
430 .596
Tri-State
lead and2 zinc1 4 18 36
438 .699
.554 29 42 428 314 434
4,110

22

82

.787
.858
.785
1.065
.764
.836
.583
.895
.778
.676 .

2
2
7

2
138
4

86
3
172
5

2 11
6 110

144
188

266
170

10
4
14

251
88
339

2

.......j........
-------1------i
1
i
' 1

|
1
-1

1
1
2

3
1
4

3

12 135
3
234
143

380
23
42
25
2
51
523

58 39 42 28
1 2 1 3
14 8 2
5
82 93 67 37
10 9 18 3
1
12
232 190 178 151 130 76
4 !
111 44 | 29 12 4 1]m____
89 67
1
11 3
3
121 112
7 7
1

528 1,007 129 77 37 40
90
85 150 427 308 74
618 1,092 279 504 345 114
1
3
20
6 8 4 3 3
13
691 1,067 1.441 1 524 1 716 511 251 |

346
61
23
20
24
44
80
598
26
6
9
287
53
979

146
1
5
233
2
214
601
43
1
1
110
80
836

49
67
8
109
5
238
8

1
1
19
3

21
41
308

5
36
63

15

2

30
69
99
1
S
183 |

28
4
3
66
4
2
107
1 1

7 3
2
13
30
5
1
4
57 8
2 ____

13
37
50
1
3 3
105 i 162

1 2
14 ‘ 8
15 10

33
1
23
2
59
3
5
35
40

2

6

4

1

2

2

2

5
2

3
1

8

3
1

i
26
34

1
27
32

6
1
1
1
16
25

4
1

13
21

1
75

1
19

1
2'
3!
5
11 1
1

13
17

12 | 19

3
3

6
9

6
6

2
2

29

i Including 1 em ployee at $1.94.
* N ot including 64 m en w ho have from 1 to 4 helpers, and make a profit from the helpers' labor in addition to their own earnings. Their average incom e was $0,902 per hour.




6

13
13

1

1
7
8

6

wages anj > h o u r s of labor in m etallifero us m in e s

DRILLING-MACHINE OPERATORS,
contract ((underground)
W estern
m ixed____________________________
ore:
Ajrlrnfif*
Cftlffnrnlft __________________________
Colorado____________________________
Idaho
M on tan a.____ ______________________
N evada_____________________________
N ew M ex ico _______________________
tTtah.................................................................
Total________ _____________________
M ichigan copper________________________
Northern iron:
M ichigan_________________________ __
M innesota__________ ________________
Total. . . . . . . . . .
Alabama iron_________________________ _ .
l e a d *______ _________
All districts*..............................................
m uckers (underground)
W estern mixed ore:
Arizona..........................................................
C aliforn ia-...................................................
Colorado____________________________
Idaho................................................................
M ontana.................................................. ......
N e v a d a ..........................................................
N e w M e x i c o . ...............................................
U ta h ...................................... ..........................
Total............................................................
M ichigan copper...................... ..........................

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES




BY DISTRICT AND STATE—Continued

30

T able B .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR .FOR 6 TYPICAL OCCUPATIONS,

t r

a m

m

e r

s

11
1
29
12
53

4
21
25

2

9

7

2

2

9

7

2 ____

5
10
5
97 167

112

62

4 129
37
25
82
22
3
1 350
24
47
22
91 10 112 587
2 117 106
51

36
1
1
25

3
43
6

24
10
34
4
4
22
113

595
172
767
159
9
106
1 ,7 4 2

4 227 301
.4 1 6
.4 2 7
3
2 141
4 229 442
.4 1 8
3
.2 8 2 1 1 8 3 4
2
5
.4 6 8
4
.4 2 1
18 72
.4 2 8 1 4 5 1 3 9 4 0 5 5 6 4

39
5
44

5
7
4
5
5
5
2
38
6

311
74
145
32
356
111
73
50
1 ,1 5 2
367

.4 8 1
.5 8 6
.5 9 9
.6 3 8
.5 9 6
.6 4 1
.3 9 4
.6 1 6
.5 5 7
.5 5 1

44

10

345
40
385
1
3
1
7
22
114
97 2 , 0 2 8

.5 6 1
.5 5 1
.5 6 6
.3 7 0
.5 6 9
.4 3 8

7
4

.6 0 5
.5 6 3
.6 0 8
.3 5 8
.5 8 8
.5 1 7
.3 4 3

47
28
1
9
23
16
38 137 110

63
112
47
33
63
520
181

3

5

73

16

7

9

?, 4 8
22 53

56
97

35
9

1

4

8
8
12
38

38

1
1
! -■ ■
1
;
_ _ _ _ .........

1
2

j

I

3

3

1
8

____

____

2

( u n d e r g r o u n d )

W e s te r n m ix e d o re :
A r iz o n a ....... .......................
C a lif o r n ia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
C o lo r a d o ............................
I d a h o ..................................
M o n ta n a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N e v a d a ......................... .
N e w M e x ic o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
U t a h .........................................
T o t a l ........ ......................................
M ic h ig a n c o p p e r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N o r th e r n iro n :
M ic h ig a n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M in n e s o ta .._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . .
T o t a l - ............................ . .......... .
Alabam a i r o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S o u th e a s t M is s o u ri le a d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
T r i - S t a t e l e a d a n d z i n c ..............................
A l l d i s t r i c t s .............. ......... ..................

21
8
29

~

.550

88
26
114
1

11 244
38
11 2 8 2
3

*

102
3
8
118 195 146 5 0 3

11
1
1
87

26
4
1

3

1

3
3

7

1

1
1

2

2
1

2

21
84
31

107
26

8
10

31
6

46

11

12

10

2

4

2

2

46

11

12

1
2
3

10

2

4

2

2

126

145

21

47

7

7
:1

692

6

1
7

6

___ ____
10

6

4

i
I

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ !:_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5 4j

31




5

WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

I d a h o .__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
M o n ta n a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
N e v a d a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _
N e w M e x ic o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
U t a h ...................
T o t a l . . . ...................
M i c h ig a n c o p p e r .............. ..................
N o r th e r n iro n :
M i c h ig a n ...... .............. .
M i n n e s o t a .........................
T o t a l ........................ . ................
A l a b a m a i r o n ........... ............ ...
S o u th e a s t M i s s o u r i l e a d ...........
T r i - S t a t e l e a d a n d z i n c .........................
A l l d i s t r i c t s ........................... ..........

32

WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

T able C.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER

WEEK FOR SIX TYPICAL OCCUPATIONS, BY DISTRICT AND
STATE
Num ber of employees whose full-tim e hours
per week were—
Aver­
age
full­
Over
Over 72
tim e
Es- E m ­ hours
48
60
n­
and
tab- ploy­ per Uder
and and 84
lish- ees week 48 48 un­ 56 60 un­ un­
der
der der
ments
56
72 84
Num ber of—

Occupation, district, and State

DRILLING-MACHINE OPERATORS,

company (underground)
W estern mixed ore:
Arizona........ ....................................
California........................................
Colorado..........................................
Idaho.......... ......................................
M ontana.........................................
N evada.............................................
N ew M exico.................- ...............
U tah.................................................
T otal.............................................
M ichigan copper..................................
Northern iron:
M ichigan.........................................
M innesota.......................................
T otal..........................................
Alabama iron.........................................
Southeast M issouri lead...................
Tri-State lead and zinc- ...................
A ll districts.................................

716
8
6 365
205
8
4 268
5 685
282
155
5
251
3
45 2,927
4 ! 523

51.7
50.8
53.9
54.8
53.5
56.0
50.4
56.0
53.2
48.0

23 770
5 333
28 1,103
4 310
169
3
22 295
106 5,327

47.2
47.8
47.4
60.0
48.0
48.0
51.4

4 481
9
2
3
53
27
2
5 961
4
61
18
3
1
18
24 1,628
4 | 686

50.4
54.7
49.4
54.5
51.6
56.0
52.0
56.0
51.5
48.0

10 1,394
28 3,528
1
6
4
122
61 5,970

47.4
47.4
47.4 1,288 2,240
60.0
122
48.0
48.6 1,288 3,955

688
397
180
262
24
156
127
a 303
41 2,137

52.0
51.7
51.6
54.4
56.0
56.0
50.9
56.0
53.0

6

317 129
188 97
53
83
218
62 93

270
80
152
185
467
282
251
838 402 1,687
,
| 523
333
34
367

437
299
736

1
1

....... 1.........
----- 1---------

!

|
|
. . . . -| .......
310

169
295
367 2,561 402 1,687 310

I

____

DRILLING-MACHINE OPERATORS,

contract (underground)
W estern mixed ore:
Arizona.............................................
California....................................—
Colorado..........................................
Idaho........ ................................—
M ontana..........................................
N evada.............................................
N ew M exico...................................
U tah ..................................................
T otal.............................................
M ichigan copper.............. 1..................
Northern iron:
M ichigan.........................................
M innesota.......................................
T otal.............................................
Alabam a iron.........................................
Southeast Missouri lead...................
All districts.................................
m uckers (underground)
W estern m ixed ore:
Arizona............................................
California-......................................
Colorado..........................................
Idaho................................................
M on tan a.-.....................................
N evada........................ - .................
N ew M exico..................................
U tah ..................................................
T o ta l-.........................................




1
18 2,134

8
6
8
4
2
5
5

335
44
528

3
10
18

907 31
686 _
—__ 1

11 |1
803 1,331
1i
485 909

146
6
9
17
433
61
18
690

1
i

11

i

i
i
*

|

6
31

286 120
168 90
98
104

690

282
139
82
158
24
156
36 91
303
588 405 1,144

6

!

!

33
T able C.— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER
WEEK FOR SIX TYPICAL OCCUPATIONS, BY DISTRICT AND
STATE—Continued
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

Num ber of employees whose full-time hours
per week were—
Aver­
age
full­
Over
Over 72
tim e
48
60 and
Es- Em ­ hours
U n­
and
tab- ploy­
per der 48 un­ 56 60 and
un­ 84
un­
lish- ees week
48
der
der der
ments
56
72 84
Num ber of—

Occupation, district, and State

m uckers

(u n d erg ro u n d )—c o n td .

M ichigan copper..........
Northern iron:
M ich igan ..................
Alabama iron— .............
Southeast Missouri lead.
Tri-State lead and zinc. _
All d i s t r i c t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
t im b e r m e n

6

319
33
737
430
438
16 1,808 405 11,144 737

319
5
49
4
737
4 430
22 438
82 4,110

48.0
47.3
60.0
48.0
48.0
52.7

8
184
6
93
8
157
4 208
5 415
6
84
5
28
3
110
45 1,279
6 410

54.7
50.8
53.6
54.5
52.7
56.0
50.1
56.0
53.7
48.0

22
231
10
101
32 332
12
3
1
3
5
19
92 2,055

47.1 125
47.8
9
47.3 134
60.0
48.0
48.0
51.5 | 134

7
6
8
3
5
7
4
3
43
6

51.3
52.7
49.7
53.8
50.9
56.3
51.4
56.0
52.5
54.2

16

1

(un d erg ro u n d )

Western mixed ore:

A r iz o n a .............. - ................... C a l if o r n ia ......... - ..................... .
C o lo r a d o ............ .....................
I d a h o ...------- ------------ -----M o n t a n a ..................................
N e v a d a ...............................—
N e w M e x ic o .------- ------------U t a h ................. . .............. ........

Total.............
M ichigan copper..
Northern iron:
M ichigan.
M innesota..
Total..
Alabama iron .....................
Southeast Missouri lead.
Tri-State lead and z in c ..
All districts..................
topmen

j

155
20
109
130
243
84
15
110
311 117 851
410 . . . . . I _____
24
78

i
1

L

..

1

1

i
1

106
92
198

J

!

3
19
941 117 | 851

1

i

i

12

|

|
!

12

1

(surface)

W estern mixed ore:
Arizona_______________
California........................
Colorado............. ...............
Idaho...................................
M ontana............................
N evada__________ ____
N ew M exico.......... ...........
U tah ....................... .............
Total.............
M ichigan copper.
Northern iron:
M ichigan...
M innesota..
T otal..
Alabama iron......................
Southeast Missouri lead.
Tri-State lead and z in c ..
All districts..
i Tim e is 57 hours.




29
49
. 48
172
13

92
54
56
63
112
47
33
63
520
181

24
595
172
10
34 767
4
159
4
9
22
106
113 1,742

45
7
44
71
7

17
34
34
24

174 109
167

56.8
11 304
60.4
11 304
57.6
60.3
9
48.0
105
48.1
55.3 .......... 299 580

30
13
12
29
41
46
2
63
236
13
14 267
168
14 435
152
1
253 588

I
1
1
7
2
9
7

2
1
3

18

3

1

I
1

_____
1

34
T

WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS MINES

C .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER
WEEK FOR SIX TYPICAL OCCUPATIONS, BY DISTRICT AND
STATE—Continued

able

N um ber of employees whose full-tim e hours
per week were—
Aver­
age
full­
Over
Over 72
tim e
48
Es- E m ­ hours
60
n­
-and
tab- ploy­ per Uder
and and 84
lish- ees week 48 48 un­ 56 60 un­ un­
der
der der
m ents
56
72 84
Num ber of—

Occupation, district, and State

t r a m m e r s (underground)
W estern mixed ore:

AmQTia
California
Colorado
Idaho
M ontana

. ________
__
Nevada
N ew Mexico
Utah
Total...............................................M ichigan copper___________________
Northern iron:
M ichigan _ __ _ _________
M in n eso ta .___________________
Total.................................................
Alabama iron________ ___ _______
Southeast Missouri lead. __ __
Tri-State lead and zinc..................... ....
All districts__________________




5 311
74
5
7 145
32
4
5 356
5 111
5
73
50
2
38 1,152
6 | 367

53.9
49.8
51.8
53.5
53.2
56.0
50*6
56*0
53.2
48.0

21 345
8
40
29 385
1
3
1
7
22
114
97 2,028

47.5
48.0
47.6
60.0
48.0
48.0
50.9

61
51
76
125
26

38
12
20
47

339 117
367
88
88

212
i
11
69
12
231
111
50
696 ____!____ 1.........
—

257
40
297

7
114
88 1,124 117

3
696

3

SERIES OF BULLETINS PUBLISHED BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
The publication of the annual and special reports and of the bim onthly bulletin was
discontinued in' July, 1912, and since th at tim e a bulletin has been published at irregular
intervals. Each num ber contains m atter devoted to one of a series of general su bjects.
These bulletins are num bered consecutively, beginning w ith No. 101, and up to No. 230;
they also carry consecutive num bers under each series. Beginning w ith No. 237 th e serial
num bering has been discontinued. A list of the series is given below. Under each is
grouped all the bulletins which contain m aterial relating to the subject m atter of that
series. A list of the reports and bulletins of the bureau issued prior to July 1, 1912, will
be furnished on application . The bulletins m arked thus * are ou t o f prin t.
Wholesale Prices.
♦ Rul. 134.
Bui. 149.
*Bul. 173.
♦ Bui. 181.
♦ Bui. 200.
Bui. 226.
Bui. 269.
Bui. 284.

Bui. 296.
Bui. 320.
Bui. 335.
Bui. 367.
B ui. 390

W holesale prices, 1890 to 1912.
W holesale prices, 1890 to 1913.
Index numbers of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1914.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1915.
W holesale prices, 1890 to 1916.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1919.
Index numbers of wholesale prices in the U nited States and foreign countries. [Revision
of Bulletin N o. 173.1
W holesale prices, 1890 to 1920.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1921.
Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1922.
W holesale prices, 1890 to 1923.
W holesale prices, 1890tol924.

Retail Prices and Cost of Living.

♦ Bui. 105. Retail prices, 1890 to 1911: Part I.
Retail prices, 1890 to 1911: Part II—General tables.
♦ Bui. 106. Retail prices, 1890 to June, 1912: Part I.
Retail prices, 1890 to June, 1912: Part II—General tables.
Bui. 108. Retail prices, 1890 to August, 1912
Bui. 110. Retail prices, 1890 to October, 1912.
Bui. 113. Retail prices, 1890 to December, 1912.
Bui. 115. Retail prices, 1890 to February, 1913.
♦ Bui. 121. Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer.
Bui. 125. Retail prices, 1890 to April, 1913.
♦ Bui. 130 W heat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer.
Bui. 132. Retail prices, 1890 to June, 1913.
Bui. 136. Retail prices, 1898 to August, 1913.
♦ Bui. 138. Retail prices, 1890 to October, 1913.
♦ Bui. 140. Retail prices, 1890 to December, 1913.
Bui. 156. Retail prices, 1907 to December, 1914.
Bui. 164. Butter prices, from producer to consumer.
Bui. 170. Foreign food prices as affected b y the war.
♦ Bui. 184. Retail prices, 1907 to June, 1915.
Bui. 197. Retail prices, 1907 to December, 1915.
Bui. 228. Retail prices, 1907 to December, 1916.
Bui. 270. Retail prices, 1913 to Decem ber, 1919.
Bui. 300. Retail prices, 1913 to 1920.
B ui. 315. Retail prices, 1913 to 1921.
Bui. 334. Retail prices, 1913 to 1922.
Bui. 357. Cost of living in the U nited States.
Bui. 366. R etail prices, 1913 to Decem ber, 1923.
Bui. 369. T he use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustm ents. [In press.]

Wages and Hours of Labor.

Bui. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of em ploym ent of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the District of Columbia.
Ten-hour m aximum working-day for wom en and young persons.
Working hours of wom en in the pea canneries of W isconsin.
Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1890 to 1912.
Wages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1890 to 1912.
Union scale of wages and hours of labor, 1907 to 1912.

*Bul. 118.
Bui. 119.
♦ Bui. 128.
♦ Bui. 129.
♦ Bui. 131.

Supply exhausted.




(i)

Wages and Hours of Labor—Continued.

*Bul. 134. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe and hosiery and knit goods industries, 1890
to 1912
•B u i. 135 W ages and hours of labor in the cigar and clothing industries, 1911 and 1912.
Bui. 137. W ages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1890 to 1912.
Bui. 143. U nion scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15, 1913.
B u i 146. W ages and regularity of em ploym ent and standardization of piece rates in the dress and
waist industry of N ew York C ity.
*Bul. 147. W ages and regularity of em ploym ent in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry.
*Bul. 150. W ages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1913.
. *BuL 151. W ages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry in the United States, 1907 to 1912.
Bui. 153. W ages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1907 to 1913.
*Bul. 154. W ages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe and hosiery and underwear industries,
1907 to 1913.
Bui. 160. Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of wom en in Indiana mercantile establishm ents
and garment factories.
Bui. 161. W ages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913.
Bui. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913.
Bui. 168. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1913.
*Bul. 171. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 1, 1914.
Bui. 177. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industries, 1907 to 191*4.
Bui. 178. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1914.
Bui. 187. W ages and hours of labor in the m en’s clothing industry, 1911 to 1914.
*BUl. 190. W ages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1914.
*Bul. 194. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 1, 1915.
Bui. 204. Street railway em ploym ent in the U nited States.
Bui. 214. U nion scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15, 1916.
Bui. 218. W ages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1915.
Bui. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British m unition factories.
Bui. 225. W ages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915.
Bui. 232. W ages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1916.
Bui. 238. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1916.
Bui. 239. Wages and hours of labor in cotton goods manufacturing and finishing, 1916.
B ui. 245.Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15,1917
Bui. 252. Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat-packing
industry, 1917.
Bui. 259 Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15,1918.
Bui. 260. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1918
Bui. 261. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1918.
Bui. 262. Wages and hours of labor in cotton goods m anufacturing and finishing, 1918.
Bui. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the U nited States, 1919. Prelim inary report.
*Bul. 274. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15,1919.
Bui. 278. W ages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1920.
Bui. 279 Hours and earnings in anthracite and bitum inous coal mining.
Bui. 286. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15, 1920.
Bui. 288. Wages and hours of labor in cotton goods manufacturing, 1920.
Bui. 289. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing,1920.
Bui. 294.Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry in 1921.
B ui. 297. W ages and hours of labor in the petroleum industry.
B ui. 302. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15,1921.
Bui. 305. W ages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1920.
Bui. 316. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bitum inous coal mining—anthracite, January, 1922;
bitum inous, winter of 1921-22.
Bui. 317. Wages and hours of labor in lumber manufacturing, 1921.
Bui. 324. Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1922.
B ui 325. Union scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15,1922.
Bui 327 W ages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing* 1922.
Bui. 328. Wages and hours of labor in hosiery and underwear industry, 1922.
Bui. 329. Wages and hours of labor in the m en's clothing industry, 1922.
Bui. 345. W ages and hours of labor in cotton goods manufacturing, 1922.
Bui. 348. Wages and hours of labor in the autom obile industry, 1922.
Bui. 353. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1922.
Bui. 354. U nion scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15, 1923.
Bui 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry, 1932-1923.
B ui. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the autom obile-tire industry, 1923.
Bui. 360. T im e and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes.
Bui. 362. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and m achine shops, 1923.
Bui. 363. W ages and hours of labor in lumber manufacturing, 1923
Bui. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry.

* Supply exhausted.




(II)

Wages and Hours of Labor—Continued.
Bui. 371.
Bui. 373
Bui. 374
Bui. 376.
Bui 377.
Bui. 381.
Bui. 387.
Bui. 388

W ages and hours of labor in cotton goods m anufacturing, 1924.
Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1923.
Wages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe industry, 1907 to 1924.
W ages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industry, 1907to 1924.
Wages and hours of labor in the woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1924.
Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1924.
W ages and hours of labor in the m en’s clothing industry.
U nion scale of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15, 1924.

Employment and Unemployment.

•B ui. 109. Statistics of unem ploym ent and the work of em ploym ent offices in the U nited States.
Bui. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of em ploym ent of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the D istrict of Colum bia.
Bui. 172. U nem ploym ent in N ew York C ity, N Y.
*Bul. 182. Unem ploym ent among women in departm ent and other retail stores of Boston, Mass.
•Bui. 183. Regularity of em ploym ent in the w om en’s ready-to-wear garment industries.
Bui. 192. Proceedings of the American Association of Public Em ploym ent Offices
*Bul. 195. U nem ploym ent in the United States.
Bui. 196. Proceedings of the Em ploym ent M anagers’ Conference, held at M inneapolis, M inn., Janu­
ary, 1916
•Bui. 202. Proceedings of the conference of Em ploym ent M anagers’ Association of Boston, M ass.,
held M ay 10, 1916.
Bui. 206. T he British system of labor exchanges.
Bui. 220. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual M eeting of the American Association of Public Em ploy
m ent Offices, Buffalo, N . Y ., July 20 and 21, 1916.
Bui. 223. Em ploym ent of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war.
•Bui. 227. Proceedings of the Em ploym ent M anagers’ Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3,
1917
Bui. 235. E m ploym ent system of the Lake Carriers’ Association.
•B ui. 241. Public em ploym ent offices in the United States.
Bui. 247. Proceedings of Em ploym ent M anagers’ Conference, Rochester, N . Y ., M ay 9-11, 1918
Bui. 310. Industrial unem ploym ent: A statistical study of its extent and causes.
Bui. 311. Proceedings of the N inth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Public Em ­
ploym ent Services, held at Buffalo, N . Y., September 7-9, 1921.
Bui. 337. Proceedings of the T enth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Public Em.
ploym ent Services, held at W ashington, D. C., September 11-13, 1922.
Bui. 355. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual M eeting of the International Association of Public
Em ploym ent Services, held at Toronto, Canada, September 4-7, 1923

Women in Industry.

Bui. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of em ploym ent of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the D istrict of Columbia.
*Bul. 117. Prohibition of night work of young persons.
•Bui. 118. Ten-hour m axim um working day for wom en and young persons.
Bui 119. W orking hours of women in the pea canneries of W isconsin.
•B ui. 122. Em ploym ent of wom en in power laundries in M ilwaukee.
Bui. 160 Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of wom en in Indiana mercantile establishments
and garment factories
•B ui. 167. M inim um -wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries.
•B ui. 175. Summary of the report on condition of woman and child wage earners in the U nited States.
•Bui. 176. Effect of m inim um -wage determ inations in Oregon.
•Bui. 180. T he boot and shoe industry in M assachusetts as a vocation for women.
•B ui. 182. Unem ploym ent among wom en in departm ent and other retail stores of Boston, Mass
Bui. 193. Dressm aking as a trade for wom en in M assachusetts.
Bui. 215. Industrial experience of trade-school girls in M assachusetts.
•Bui 217. Effect of workm en’s compensation laws in dim inishing the necessity of industrial employ­
m ent of wom en and children
Bui. 223. Em ploym ent of wom en and juveniles in Great Britain during the war.
Bui. 253. W omen in the lead industries.

Workmen’s Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto).
•Bui. 101.
•B ui. 102.
Bui. 103.
Bui. 107.
•Bui. 126.
•Bui. 155.
•B ui. 185.
*Bul. 203.

Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany.
British national insurance act, 1911.
Sickness and accident insurance law of Switzerland.
Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany.
W orkm en’s com pensation laws of the United States and foreign countries.
Compensation for accidents to em ployees of the United States.
Com pensation legislation of 1914 and 1915.
W orkm en’s compensation laws of the United States and foreign countries, 1916.

Supply exhausted.




(m>

Workmen’s Insurance and Compensation—Continued.

Bui. 210. Proceedings of the Third Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at C olum bus, Ohio, April 25-28,1916.
Bui. 212. Proceedings of the conference on social insurance called by the International Association
of Industrial Accident Boards and Com m issions, W ashington, D . C., December 5-9,1916.
B ui. 217. Effect of workm en’s com pensation laws in dim inishing the necessity of industrial em ploy­
m ent of wom en and children.
•B u i. 240. Comparison of workm en’s compensation laws of the United States up to Decem ber 31,1917.
Bui. 243. W orkm en’s com pensation legislation in the U nited States and foreign countries, 1917
and 1918
Bui. 248. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at Boston, M ass., August 21-25,1917.
Bui. 264. Proceedings of the Fifth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at M adison, W is., September 24-27, 1918
Bui. 272. W orkm en’s com pensation legislation of the U nited States and Canada, 1919.
*Bul. 273. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at Toronto, Canada, September 23-26,1919.
Bui. 275. Comparisons of workm en’s compensation laws of the U nited States and Canada up to
January, 1920.
Bui. 281. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at San Francisco, Calif., September 20-24,1920.
Bui. 301. Comparison of workm en’s com pensation insurance and administration.
Bui. 304. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at Chicago, 111., September 19-23,1921.
Bui. 312. National health insurance in Great Britain, 1911 to 1920.
Bui. 332 W orkm en’s com pensation legislation of the U nited States and Canada, 1920 to 1922.
B ui. 333. Proceedings of the N inth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at Baltimore, M d., October 9-13,1922.
Bui. 359. Proceedings of the T enth Annual M eeting of the International Association of Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at St. Paul, M inn., September 24-26,1923.
Bui. 379. Comparison of workm en’s com pensation laws in the U nited States as of January 1, 1925.
Bui. 385. Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual M eeting of the International Association of-Industrial
Accident Boards and Com m issions, held at Halifax, N ova Scotia, August 26-28, 1924

Industrial Accidents and Hygiene.

*Bul. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tile works, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware factories.
Bui. 120. H ygiene of the painters’ trade.
•B ui. 127. Dangers to workers from dust and fumes, and m ethods of protection.
*Bul. 141. Lead poisoning in the sm elting and refining of lead
•B u i. 157. Industrial accident statistics.
•B ui. 165. Lead poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries.
•B u i. 179. Industrial poisons used in the rubber industry.
Bui 188. Report of British departm ental com m ittee on the danger in the use of lead in the paint­
ing of buildings
•B ui. 201. Report of com m ittee on statistics and com pensation insurance cost of the International
Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [Limited edition.]
Bui. 205. Anthrax as an occupational disease.
•B u i. 207. Causes of death by occupation
•B ui. 209. H ygiene of the printing trades.
*Bul. 216. Accidents and accident prevention in m achine building.
Bui. 219. Industrial poisonsmsed or produced in the manufacture of explosives.
Bui. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British m unition factories.
Bui. 230. Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British m unition factories.
•B u i. 231. M ortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts).
•B u i. 234. Safety m ovem ent in the iron and steel industry, 1007 to 1917.
Bui. 236. Effect of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters.
Bui. 251. Preventable deaths in the cotton-m anufacturing industry.
Bui. 253. W omen in the lead industries.
B ui. 256. Accidents and accident prevention in maohine building. (Revision of Bui. 216.)
Bui. 267. Anthrax as an occupational disease. [Revised.]
Bui. 276. Standardization of industrial accident statistics.
Bui. 280. Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and dye intermediates.
Bui. 291. Carbon monoxide poisoning.
Bui. 293 T he problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry.
Bui. 298. Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry, 1910 to 1919.
Bui. 306. Occupation hazards and diagnostic signs: A guide to impairment to be looked for ih haz­
ardous occupations.
Bui. 339. Statistics of industrial accidents in the U nited States.
Bui. 392. Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [In press.]

•Supply exhausted.




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Conciliation and Arbitration (including strikes and lockouts).
*Bul. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater N ew York
*Bul. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade on its inquiry into industrial
agreements.
•B u i. 139 M ichigan copper district strike.
Bui. 144. Industrial court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of N ew York C ity.
Bui. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of N ew York C ity.
Bui. 191. Collective bargaining in the anthracite coal industry
•B ui. 198. Collective agreements in the m en’s clothing industry.
Bui. 233. Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada.
Bui. 303. Use of Federal power in settlem ent of railway labor disputes
Bui. 341. Trade agreement in the silk-ribbon industry of N ew York City.
Labor Law s o f the U nited S tates (including decisions o f courts relating to labor).
•B ui. 111. Labor legislation of 1912.
•B ui. 112. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1912.
•B ui. 148. Labor laws of the U nited States, w ith decisions of courts relating thereto.
•B ui. 152.' Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1913.
•B ui. 166. Labor legislation of 1914.
•B ui. 169. Decisions of courts affecting labor, 1914.
•B ui. 186. Labor legislation of 1915.
•B ui. 189. Decisions of courts affecting labor, 1915.
Bui. 211. Labor laws and their adm inistration in the Pacific States.
•B ui. 213. Labor legislation of 1916.
Bui. 224. Decisions of courts affecting labor, 1916.
B ui. 229. W age-paym ent legislation in the U nited States.
•B ui. 244. Labor legislation of 1917.
Bui. 246. Decisions of courts affecting labor, 1917.
•B u i. 257. Labor legislation of 1918.
Bui. 258. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1918
•B u i. 277. Labor legislation of 1919.
Bui. 285. M inim um -wage legislation in the U nited States.
Bui. 290. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1919-1920.
Bui. 292. Labor legislation of 1920.
Bui. 308. Labor legislation of 1921.
B ui. 309. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1921.
Bui. 321. Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional.
Bui. 322. K ansas Court of Industrial Relations.
Bui. 330. Labor legislation of 1922.
B ui 343. Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc.
Bui. 344. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1922.
Bui. 370. Labor laws of the U nited States, w ith decisions of courts relating thereto.
B ui. 391. D ecisions of courts affecting labor, 1923-1924. [In press.l
Foreign Labor Laws.
•B u i. 142. Adm inistration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries.
Vocational Education.
Bui. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of N ew York
C ity.
•B u i. 147. W ages and regularity of em ploym ent in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry, w ith planj
for apprenticeship for cutters and the education of workers in the industry.
•B ui. 159. Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment.
•B ui. 162. Vocational education survey of Richm ond, Va.
Bui. 199. Vocational education survey of M inneapolis, M inn.
B ui. 271. A dult working-class education (Great Britain and the U nited States).
Labor as Affected by the War.
Bui. 170. Foreign food prices as affected b y the war.
Bui. 219. Industrial poisons used or produced in the manufacture of explosives.
Bui. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British m unition factories.
Bui. 222. Welfare work in British m unition factories.
Bui. 223. Em ploym ent of wom en and Juveniles in Great Britain during the war.
Bui. 230. Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British m unition factories.
Bui. 237. Industrial unrest in Great Britain.
Bui. 249 Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British H ealth of M unition Workers
Com m ittee.
Bui. 255. Joint industrial councils in Great Britain.
B ui. 283. H istory of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustm ent Board, 1917 to 1919.
Bui. 287. H istory of National War Labor Board.

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Safety Codes.
Bui. 331.
Bui. 336.
Bui. 338.
Bui. 350.
Bui. 351.
Bui. 364.
Bui. 375.
Bui. 378.
Bui. 382.

Code of lighting factories, mills, and other work places.
Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries.
Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels.
Rules governing the approval of headlighting devices for motor vehicles.
Safety code for the construction, care, and use of ladders.
Safety code for m echanical power-transmission apparatus.
Safety code for laundry m achinery and operations.
Safety code for woodworking m achinery.
Code of lighting school buildings.

Miscellaneous Series.
*Bul. 117.
•B ui. 118.
*Bul. 123.
•B ui. 158.
*Bul. 159.
*Bul. 167.
Bui. 170.
*Bul. 174.

Prohibition of night work of young persons.
Ten-hour maximum working-day for wom en and young persons.
Em ployers’ welfare work.
Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries.
Short-unit courses for wage earners and a factory school experiment.
M inim um -wage legislation in the U nited States and foreign countries.
Foreign food prices as affected by the war.
Subject index of the publications of the U nited States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to
M ay 1,1915.
Bui. 208. Profit sharing in the United States.
B ui. 222. Welfare work in British munition factories.
B ui. 242. Food situation in central Europe, 1917.
•B u i. 250. Welfare work for em ployees in industrial establishm ents in the U nited States.
Bui. 254. International labor legislation and the society of nations.
Bui. 263. Housing by employers in the United States.
Bui. 266. Proceedings of Seventh Annual Convention of Governmental Labor Officials of the U nited
States and Canada, held at Seattle, W ash., July 12-15,1920.
Bui. 268. Historical survey of international action affecting labor.
Bui. 271. Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States.
Bui. 282. M utual relief associations among Government employees in W ashington, D . C.
Bui. 295. Building operations in representative cities in 1920.
Bui. 299. Personnel research agencies: A guide to organized research in em ploym ent management,
industrial relations, training, and working conditions.
Bui. 307. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Convention of the Association of Governmental Labor
Officials of the United States and Canada, held at N ew Orleans, La., M ay 2-6,1921
B ui. 313. Consumers’ cooperative societies in the U nited States in 1920.
Bui. 314. Cooperative credit societies in America and foreign countries.
Bui. 318. Building permits in the principal cities of the United States.
Bui. 320. The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization.
Bui. 323. Proceedings of the N inth Annual Convention of the Association of Governmental Labor
Officials of the United States and Canada, held at Harrisburg, Pa., M ay 22-26, 1922.
Bui. 326. M ethods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
Bui. 340. Chinese migrations, w ith special reference to labor conditions.
Bui. 342. International Seamen’s Union of America: A study of its history and problems.
Bui. 346. H um anity in government.
Bui. 347. Building permits in the principal cities of the U nited States, 1922.
Bui. 349. Industrial relations in the W est Coast lumber industry.
Bui. 352. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Convention of Governmental Labor Officials of the
United States and Canada, held at Richm ond, Va., M ay 1-4, 1923.
B ui. 361. Labor relations in the Fairm ont (W. Va.) bitum inous coal field.
Bui. 368. Building perm its in the principal cities of the U nited States in 1923.
B ui. 372. Convict labor in 1923.
B ui. 380. Post-war labor conditions in Germany.
Bui. 383. W orks council m ovem ent in Germany.
B ui. 384. Labor conditions in the shoe industry in M assachusetts, 1920 to 1924.
Bui. 386. T he cost of American almshouses.
Bui. 389. Proceedings of the E leventh Annual C onventiop of the Association of G overnmental
Labor Officials of the U nited States and Canada, held at Chicago, 111., M ay 19-23,1924.
B ui. 393. Trade agreements, 1923 and 1924. [In press.]*

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SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS ISSUED BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
Description of occupations, prepared for the United States Employment Service, 1918-19.

•Boots and shoes, harness and saddlery, and tanning.
•Cane-sugar refining and flour milling.
Coal and water gas, paint and varnish, paper, printing trades, and rubber goods.
•Electrical manufacturing, distribution, and maintenance.
Glass.
Hotels and restaurants.
•Logging camps and sawmills.
M edicinal manufacturing.
M etal working, building and general construction, railroad transportation, and shipbuilding.
•M ines and mining.
•Office employees.
Slaughtering and m eat packing.
Street railways.
•Textiles and clothing.
•W ater transportation.

• Supply exhausted.




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GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
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AT

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