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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W . N. DOAK, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
CHARLES E. BALDWIN, Acting Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES!
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/
. . . .
C 7Q
llOe 01 O
W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R S E R I E S
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
IN METALLIFEROUS MINES
1924 AND 1931
/v\
JANUARY, 1933
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON
: 1933
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
-
-
-
Price 10 cents
Contents
Page
Trend of hours and earnings, by district and State--------------------------------------Average hours and earnings, 1924 and 1931, by kind of work and occupa
tion__________________________________________________________________________
Number of mines, by kind of metals produced, 1931_______________________
Average and classified earnings per hour, 1924 and 1931, by occupation___
Full-time hours per week and per day, 1924 and 1931_____________________
Changes in full-time hours per week since June 1, 1929____________________
Changes in wage rates since June 1, 1929___________________________________
Overtime and Sunday and holiday work, 1931______________________________
Bonus systems_________________________________________________________________
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1929 to 1931_____________
Scope and method____________________________________________________________
Occupations------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------General tables_________________________________________________________________
T a b l e A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, av
erage full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1931, by occu
pation, district, and State---------------------------------------------------------- --------T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in six specified
occupations, 1931, by district and State_____________________________
T a b l e C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in six spec
ified occupations, 1931, by district and State________________________
T a b l e D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week
in six specified occupations, 1931, by district and State_____________
T a b l e E .— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in six
specified occupations, 1931, by district and State___________________
A p p e n d i x .— Mine terms and occupations, with definitions, and classifica
tion by Bureau of Labor Statistics________________________________________
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54
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
no.
573
WASHINGTON
J a n u a r y , 1933
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN METALLIFEROUS
MINING, 1924 AND 1931
The results of studies made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of
wages and hours of labor of wage earners in the metalliferous mining
industry in the United States in 1924 and in 1931 are presented in
this bulletin. The 1924 study covered 137 mines (117 underground
and 20 open-pit) and 38,196 wage earners, and the 1931 study, 139
mines (117 underground and 22 open-pit) and 32,195 wage earners.
The mines studied produced copper, gold, iron, lead, silver, zinc, and
minor metals.
Some so-called open-pit mines are really open-cut mines— that is,
hills or mountains are cut down instead of pits being dug below the
surface. In either case the ore is taken from the pit or cut by steam
shovels and dumped into cars and hauled to the crusher or mills.
Production is generally cheaper and less dangerous in mines of this
kind than in underground mines.
Underground mines are of different types, designated as shaft,
slope, or drift. A shaft mine is one in which the entrance is a vertical
shaft. Cross cuts are made at the various levels into the ore bodies
and the ore is brought to the surface through the shaft by means of a
skip or cage. A slope mine is entered through a downward incline.
A drift mine is one in which the ore vein is followed through a hori
zontal entrance.
The industry has been divided into the following five districts:
Western mixed ores mines, Michigan copper mines, Northern iron
mines, Alabama iron mines, and Tri-State lead and zinc mines.
The “ Western mixed ores” mines are in Arizona, California, Colo
rado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, and
Utah; the “ Michigan copper mines” are in the upper peninsula of
that State; the “ Northern iron mines” are in the regions near Lake
Superior in Michigan and Minnesota; the “ Alabama iron mines”
are in the northern part of that State; and the “ Tri-State lead and
zinc mines” are in the southeast corner and the southwest corner of
Missouri, the southeast corner of Kansas, and the northeast comer
of Oklahoma. The “ Western mixed ores” mines were so named
because a majority of the mines in the Western States produce ores
containing from two to five different metals, with many variations
in the combinations. Only 20 of the 61 mines covered in the Western
States produced one metal only.
The basic wage data used in compiling this report were, except for a
few mines, for a representative pay period in August, September, or
October, 1924, and June, July, August, September, or October, 1931.
1
2
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
Trend of Hours and Earnings, by District and State
Table 1 shows average full-time hours per week, earnings per hour,
and average full-time earnings per week for the wage earners covered
in 1924 and in 1931, by districts.
The average full-time hours per week of wage earners in this
industry were 53.0 in 1924 and 51.6 in 1931. The average hourly
earnings— 55.9 cents— shown in 1924, remained unchanged in 1931.
Average full-time weekly earnings, however, dropped from $29.63 in
1924 to $28.84 in 1931, due to the smaller average full-time hours per
week in the latter year. These averages are for males only and for
the industry as a whole. Females were not employed in any of the
mines.
Examination of the data for the various kinds of mines shows that,
with the exception of the Northern iron mines, the full-time hours in
all groups decreased somewhat between 1924 and 1931, and in all
but one group, the Western mixed-ores mines, average earnings per
hour also declined. Because of an increase in average full-time hours,
the Northern iron mines showed an increase in average full-time
weekly earnings, although average hourly earnings decreased. The
other four groups of mines showed decreases in such weekly earnings,
in varying amounts.
Western mixed-ores mines.— From 1924 to 1931 average full-time
hours per week dropped from 53.8 to 50.7; average earnings per
hour, however, increased from 59.9 cents to 60.8 cents, while full-time
earnings per week decreased from $32.23 to $30.83.
Michigan copper mines.— There was a decrease from 1924 to 1931
in average full-time hours per week from 49.6 to 49.4, in earnings per
hour from 49.8 cents to 44.3 cents, and in full-time earnings per
week from $24.70 to $21.88.
Northern iron mines.— From 1924 to 1931 average full-time hours
per week rose from 52.8 to 54.3; earnings per hour, however, dropped
from 56.8 cents to 56.0 cents, but full-time earnings per week increased
from $29.99 to $30.41.
Alabama iron mines.— From 1924 to 1931 there was a decrease in
average full-time hours per week from 60.6 to 58.4, in average earn
ings per hour from 39.3 cents to 37.2 cents, and in full-time earnings
per week from $23.82 to $21.72.
Tri-State lead and zinc mines.— There was a drop from 1924 to 1931
in average full-time hours per week from 48.6 to 48.2, in earnings per
hour from 55.2 cents to 47.7 cents, and in full-time earnings per week
from $26.83 to $22.99.
3
TREND OF HOURS AND EARNINGS
T
able
1. — Average full-time hours, earnings per hour, and full-time earnings per
week in metalliferous mines, 19&4 and 1931, by district and State
Number of
mines
Number of
wage earners
Average
full-time
hours per
week
1924
1931
1924
1931
1924
1931
1924
8
6
9
4
5
8
6
3,662
1,397
1,210
1,386
3,084
1,616
1,603
56.0
48.8
50.2
51.7
47.5
48.2
55.6
53.9
0)
52.5
$0.595
.594
.592
.693
.666
.636
..459
2,853
3,969
1,688
983
1,621
2,495
1,146
1,442
0)
2,214
52.4
51.7
52.8
54.4
52.7
56.5
54.2
4
9
8
10
4
5
9
6
1
9
31.36
$33.14
29.77
30.86
27.60
32.82
34.75
24.74
0)
27.04
50
61
16,811
16,494
53.8
50.7
..599
.608
32.23
30.83
6
4,689
3,734
49.6
49.4
.498
.443
24.70
21.88
50.3
55.5
50.8
56.0
.566
.570
..602
..545
28.47
31.64
30.58
30.52
District and State
Western mixed ores:
Arizona.............................
California..........................
Colorado............. - ............
Idaho.................................
M ontana.........................
N evada.............................
N ew M ex ico....................
South Dakota__________
Utah..................................
Total..............................
Michigan copper....................
6.
Northern iron:
M ic h ig a n .................. —
Minnesota................. .......
24
23
10
29
6,102
4,983
2,244
4,577
Average earn
ings per hour
1931
$0.679
.593
..597
..581
.681
.625
.459
C)
1560’
.515
Average full
time earnings
per week
1924
$31.18
30.71
31.26
37.70
35.10
35.93
24.88
1931
Total--------------- ----------
47
39
11,085
6,821
52.8
54.3
..568
.560
29.99
30.41
Alabama iron...... .......... ........
Tri-State lead and zinc--------
8
26
8
25
2,678
2,933
2,132
3,014
60.6
48.6
58.4
48.2
..393
.552
..372
.477
23.82
26.83
21.72
22.99
All districts..............—
137
139
38,196
32,195
53.0
51.6 j
.559
..559
29. 63
28.84
i Data included in total.
Average Hours and Earnings, 1924 and 1931, by Kind of
Work and Occupation
Table 2 shows average full-time hours per week, earnings per hour,
and full-time earnings per week, by occupation, for wage earners in
underground and in open-pit mines. There are three different groups
of occupations of wage earners in underground mines— underground
work, surface work, and underground and surface work.
For the underground mines data are shown for 22 important occu
pations in underground work; 11 occupations in surface work; and
12 other occupations in which the workers worked underground in
some mines, on the surface in other mines, and in still others spent
part of their working time underground and part on the surface. For
the open-pit mines data are shown for each of 28 occupations. The
group of “ Other employees,” shown for both the underground and
open-pit mines, includes those occupations in which there was not a
sufficient number of wage earners to warrant separate tabulation.
Underground occupations.— These form the most important group
in point of number of wage earners employed. Average full-time
hours per week ranged, by occupation, in 1924 from 48.6 for contract
drilling-machine operators to 56.5 for pump men, and in 1931 from
48.2 for roof trimmers to 56.5 for trackmen’s helpers. Weekly hours
were longer in 4 and shorter in 18 occupations in 1931 than in 1924.
Average earnings per hour ranged in 1924 from 42.0 cents for track
m en’s helpers to 72.9 cents for contract drilling-machine operators,
and in 1931 from 40.3 cents for drilling-machine operators’ helpers to
69.4 cents for contract drilling-machine operators. Comparing 1931
4
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
with 1924, it is seen that the average hourly earnings had increased in
7 occupations, and decreased in the other 15 occupations.
In 1924 the range in average full-time earnings per week was from
$23.23 for trackmen’s helpers to $35.43 for contract drilling-machine
operators, and in 1931 from $20.63 for drilling-machine operators’
helpers to $34.08 for contract drilling-machine operators. Six occu
pations showed greater average full-time weekly earnings in 1931
than in 1924, while in the other 16 occupations such weekly earnings
were less than in 1924.
T
able
2 . — Average hours and earnings in metalliferous mines, 1924 and 1931, by
occupation
N um ber of
mines
Number of
wage earners
Average
full-time
hours per
week
Average
earnings per
hour
1924
1931
1924
1924
1931
1924
35
37
42
31
118
596
157
195
51.6
49.1
50.1 $0,627 $0,570 $32. 35
50.5
.538
.563 26.42
106
95
5,327
3,684
51.4
49.5
.594
.646
30.53
31.98
61
53
5,916
3,945
48.6
49.1
.729
.694
35.43
34.08
33
38
47
14
78
82
48
47
73
26
54
18
92
44
86
27
97
55
32
31
49
18
75
104
38
56
81
26
63
12
86
38
78
27
61
45
559
349
185
175
749
4,110
288
115
335
176
229
153
2,055
715
667
248
2,028
395
497
247
197
227
833
4,656
188
111
371
75
242
135
2,926
607
355
196
635
417
52.1
51.5
53.7
51.4
50.9
52.7
51.9
52.1
56.5
52.3
50.8
51.1
51.5
52.8
49.4
55.3
50.9
50.8
51.2
48.4
51.0
50.6
49.6
50.2
48.8
50.1
52.8
48.2
49.8
52.5
48.7
50.6
49.1
56.5
48.9
49.9
.447
.474
.593
.588
.575
.554
.496
.573
.526
.553
.572
.569
.604
.551
.542
.420
.550
.517
.403
.500
.538
.616
.574
.505
.537
.510
.530
.470
.563
.566
.602
.512
.529
.410
.524
.537
23.29
24.41
31.84
30.22
29.27
29.20
25.74
29.85
29.72
28.92
29.06
29.08
31.11
29.09
26. 77
23.23
28.00
26.26
20.63
24.20
27.44
31.17
28.47
25.35
26. 21
25.55
27.98
22.65
28.04
29.72
29.32
25. 91
25.97
23.17
25.62
26.80
42
67
14
27
50
103
54
50
113
40
74
11
51
32
16
25
100
42
46
81
59
68
104
179
58
79
277
483
138
110
1,742
73
190
48
134
119
61
206
490
119
158
815
115
245
57.3
58.9
55.5
57.5
60.5
56.4
55.6
53.8
55.3
55.1
64.8
57.2
55.2
55.3
53.2
50.6
53.4
54.4
51.8
54.9
54.5
58.2
.406
.410
.508
.515
.455
.560
.536
.584
.428
.514
.452
.369
.404
.458
.579
.441
.586
.532
.553
.400
.484
.464
23.26
24.15
28.19
29.61
27.53
31.58
29.80
31.42
23.67
28.32
29.29
21.11
22.30
25.33
30.80
22.31
31.29
28.94
28.65
21.96
26.38
27.00
110
90
88
46
59
78
41
89
63
41
24
89
117
107
74
78
26
52
82
31
82
38
33
12
67
111
292
295
362
153
154
194
95
375
231
148
141
328
2,139
239
170
231
123
136
308
104
361
130
123
70
264
2,102
54.4
54.5
54.9
56.4
59.9
54.7
53.5
54.2
54.1
54.7
52.7
52.0
53.1
53.8
53.3
54.2
56.6
52.9
53.1
53.8
52.4
53.5
52.6
49.2
51.7
51.5
.593
.462
.571
.426
.556
.622
.521
.600
.479
.445
.528
.562
.590
.563
.463
.557
.430
.527
.629
.512
.604
.493
.443
.482
.559
.587
32.26
25.18
31.35
24.03
33.30
34.02
27.87
32.52
25.91
24.34
27.83
29.22
31.33
30.29
24.68
30.19
24.34
27.88
33.40
27.55
31.65
26.38
23.30
23.71
28.90
30.23
Occupation
1931
1931
Average full
time earnings
per week
1924
1931
UNDERGROUND MINES
Underground work:
Cagers......................................
Chute loaders..........................
Drilling-machine operators,
com pany...............................
Drilling-machine operators,
contract............................. —
Drilling-machine operators’
helpers............................. .
Drivers, mule______________
H oistmen__________________
Loading-machine operators.
M otorm en...............................
M uckers...................................
N ipp ers...................................
Powdermen.............................
Pum pm en........ ..................... .
R oof trimmers........................
Skippers................................. .
Stationmen............................ .
Timbermen.............................
Tim berm en’s helpers............
Trackm en_________________
Trackm en’s helpers...............
Trammers................................
Trip riders...............................
Surface work:
Drivers.....................................
Dry-house m en.......................
Dumpers..................................
Engineers, stationary— ........
Firemen, stationary...............
H oistm en.................................
Tim ber framers......................
Tool dressers...........................
Topm en...................................
Truck operators.................... .
W atchmen........................... .
Underground and surface work:
Blacksmiths ........................ .
Blacksmiths’ helpers.............
Carpenters........................... .
Carpenters’ helpers............. .
Compressormen— .................
Electricians.............................
Electricians’ helpers..............
Machinists..............................
Machinists’ helpers...............
Oilers........................................
Ore sorters-.............................
Pipemen...................................
Other employees....................
$28.56
28.43
5
NUMBER OF MINES, 1931
T
able
2 . — Average hours and earnings in metalliferous mines, 19&4 and 1981, by
occupation— Continued
N um ber of
mines
Num ber of
wage earners
Average
full-time
hours per
week
Average
earnings per
hour
1924
1931
1924
1924
1931
1924
17
12
14
12
?2
13
20
8
7
18
57.7
57.4
58.7
57.8
58.5 $0.619 $0,603 $35.72
57.1
.498
.475 28.59
58.5
.570
.587 33.46
56.4
.470
.547 27.17
60.0
.464
58.3
.544
.526 31.82
Occupation
1931
1931
Average full
time earnings
per week
1924
1931
OPEN-PIT MINES
■Rlflplcsmiths
Blacksmiths ’ helpers___________
C arpenters._______ ___________
Carpenters’ helpers____________
Drillers, hand__ ______ ________
Drilling-machine operators_____
D rillin g -m a ch in e o p e ra to r’ s
helpers_______________________
Dumpers______________________
______
E lectrician s__ ______
Laborers_______________________
Locomotive engineers__________
Locomotive firemen____________
Machinists____ __ _____________
Machinists' helpers____________
O ile rs ___ _
_
_____
Pipemen_
_____
Pitm en___________________ ____
Pumpmen
_
_____
Repairmen
Shot firers______________________
Shovel cranemen_______________
Shovel engineers_______________
Shovel firemen_________________
Switchmen_____________________
Trackmen_____________________
Trip riders_____________________
Truck operators __ ____ ____
W atchmen_____________________
Other employees_______________
_
All employees____________
17
12
12
17
20
15
16
17
17
22
19
20
10
13
10
22
15
17
15
15
20
16
12
21
18
15
18
21
137
139
17
20
18
17
9
20
12
20
20
20
15
20
15
140
124
79
63
229
146
192
372
319
406
192
231
573
54
150
157
231
216
1,686
332
148
776
38,196
56
43
57
42
26
181
58.5
101 58.0 57.3
.508
68 58.2 59.8
.385
58.2
78
423 58.1 57.4 "."§52
234 58.3 58.7
.675
230 58.7 57.8
.515
125 57.7 58.1
.604
49 57.7 57.1
.499
60.3
47
24
57.7
171 58.4 58.7
.426
37
59.2
168
57.7
42 59.7" 57.8
.475
62 58.0 58.1
.666
79 58.2 59.0
.917
67 60.2 62.2
.504
142 57.6 56.7
.446
874 57.9 58.4
.393
190 58.2 58.5
.510
33
57.7
65 ~63.~7’ 64.3 "’ ."45l’
714 58.9 58.5
.514
32,195
53.0
51.6
.559
29.46
22.41
$35.28
27.12
34.34
30.85
27.84
30.67
.507
.400
.641
.379
.671
.488
.628
.511
.478
.539
.425
.536
.507
.507
.680
.945
.464
.452
.397
.509
.479
.444
.550
28.73
30.27
29.05
23.92
37.31
21.75
39.39
28.21
36.49
29.18
28.82
31.10
24.95
31.73
29.25
29.30
39.51
55.76
28.86
25.63
23.18
29.78
27.64
28.55
32.18
.559
29.63
28.84
20.45"
39.35
30.23
34.85
28.79
24.88
28.36~
38.63
53.37
30.34
25.69
22.75
29.68
Number of Mines, by Kind of Metals Produced, 1931
Table 3 shows the kind of metal or metals produced by each of the
139 mines covered in the 1931 study of the industry. One metal
only was produced in each of 75 mines; 2 metals in 29 mines; 3 in 18
mines; 4 in 11 mines; and 5 metals were produced in each of 6 mines.
The arrangement in Table 3 is alphabetical and in the case of the
mines producing two or more metals is in the order of the importance
of the metals in such mines.
Copper, gold, and silver were produced in 12 mines. In 11 of
these (line 2) the metals in order of importance were copper, gold, and
silver, and in 1, (line 7) were gold, silver, and copper. Lead and
zinc were produced in 20 mines. Lead was the more important
metal in 3, (line 16) and zinc was the more important in 17 mines,
(Une 29.)
Of the 22 open-pit or open-cut mines, 1 is a copper mine and 2 are
copper, gold, and silver mines in the Western mixed-ores district;
16 are iron mines in Minnesota in the Northern iron district; and 3 are
iron mines in the Alabama iron district.
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
6
T a b le
3 . — Number of mines producing specified kinds of metal
Number
of mines
K ind of metai produced
Number
of mines
Kind of metal produced
Lead, zinc, and silver................. ........
Lead, silver, copper, and gold______
Lead, silver, zinc, and gold_________
Lead, silver, zinc, copper, and gold_.
Lead, zinc, copper, silver, and gold..
Manganese—.................. ......................
M olybdenum ______________________
Silver, lead, and copper_______ ____
Tungsten.......... ....................................
Vanadium__________ ____ ____ ____
Zinc___ ____ ___________ ___________
Zinc and lead____ _________ _______
Zinc, lead, silver, and gold-------------Zinc, silver, manganese, and gold— .
Zinc, lead, gold, silver, and copper. _
Copper..................... ...................... ....
Copper, gold, and silver.................. .
Copper, lead, zinc, and silver..........
Cojvjper, silver, zinc, and gold_____
Gold and silver__________________ _
Gold, silver, and copper—............... .
Gold, silver, and lead.......................
Gold, silver, lead, and copper........ .
Gold, silver, zinc, and copper.........
Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc.
Iron.......................................................
Iron and manganese_______ ______ _
Lead........................................... ..........
Lead and silver___________________
Lead and zinc.................................... .
Lead, gold, and silver...................... .
T otal_____
139
Table 4 gives the distribution of the 103 shaft mines covered in the
1931 study of the industry by classified groups showing the depth in
feet from top to bottom of shaft, and the average distance in feet
from bottom of shaft to working place in mine.
The depth of the shaft of the mines ranged from 100 and under
200 feet to 5,700 feet. The distance from the bottom of the shaft
to place of work in the mines ranged from under 100 feet to 8,000 and
under 9,000 feet.
In each of 3 mines the depth of the shaft was 100 and under 200
feet, and the distance from the bottom of the shaft to place of work in
1 of these mines was 100 and under 200 feet and of the other 2 mines
300 and under 400 feet. The depth of the shaft of each of 20 mines
was 200 and under 300 feet, while the distance from the bottom of the
shaft to the working point in 1 of these mines was 200 and under 300
feet and in the 2 with the longest distance was 2,000 and under
2,500 feet.
T
able
4 . — Classification of shaft mines by depth from top to bottom of shaft and by
average distance from bottom of shaft to working point in mine
Number of shaft mines with depth in feet—
Average distance, bottom
of shaft to working point
in mine (in feet)
Total
num
ber of
mines
Under 100.........................
100 and under 200.......... .
200 and under 300__ ____
300 and under 400__ _____
400 and under 500_______
500 and under 750_______
750 and under 1,000______
1,000 and under 1,500 ___
1,500 and under 2,000 ___
2,000 and under 2,500 ___
2,500 and under 3,000____
3,000 and under 3,500 ___
3,500 and under 4,000____
4,000 and under 5,000 ___
5,000 and under 6,000 ___
7,000 and under 8,000........
8,000 and under 9,000____
N ot reported____________
1
1
3
8
3
19
6
21
13
8
3
2
3
2
5
2
1
2
T otal.........................
103
100 200 300 400 500 750 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3.000 4.000
and and and and and and and and and and and and
un un un un un un un un un un un un 5,700
der der der der der der der der der der der der
200 300 400 500 750 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 4.000 5.000
1
1
2
1
4
1
7
2
2
1
2
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
5
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
3
20
12
8
1
5
4
16
5
4
4
8
8
1
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR, 1924 AND 1931
7
Average and Classified Earnings per Hour, 1924 and 1931,
by Occupation
Average earnings per hour and the per cent of wage earners at each
classified group of such earnings are shown in Table 5 for six of the
representative occupations in the industry for the years 1924 and
1931. The number of wage earners in these occupations is 55 per
cent of the total covered in 1924 and 52 per cent of those covered in
1931. The percentage distribution of these wage earners illustrates
the variations in the trend and spread of average earnings per hour
of the wage earners in all occupations in the industry in the two
years. The distribution b y number of the wage earners covered in
these occupations in 1931 is shown by States, in Table B (p. 39).
Company drilling-machine operators earned an average of 59.4
cents per hour in 1924 ; approximately 4 per cent of them earned less
than 45 cents per hour, and about 2 per cent earned 80 cents or more
per hour. In 1931 the wage earners in this occupation earned an
average of 64.6 cents per hour; 9 per cent of them earned less than
45 cents, and 12 per cent earned 80 cents or more per hour.
Table 6 shows for the laborers covered in the study of the industry
in 1931, and also for the wage earners in all occupations, the number
and the per cent in each classified group of average earnings per
hour.
The largest number of laborers in any one group is 107, or 25 per
cent, within the group of 40 and under 42% cents per hour. The
largest number of wage earners in all occupations is 5,067, or 16 per
cent at 50 and under 55 cents per hour.
T
able
5 . — Average and classified earnings per hour of wage earners in six specified occupations in metalliferous mines, 1924 and 1931
00
Per cent of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
cts.
Muckers (underground).................
Tim berm en (underground)---------Topm en (surface).............................
Trammers (underground)..............
* Less than 1 per cen t
106
95
5,327 $0. 594
3,684
.646
1924
1931
1924
1931
1924
1931
1924
1931
1924
1931
61
53
82
104
92
5,916
3,945
4,110
4,656
2,055
2,926
1,742
815
2,028
635
86
113
81
97
61
.729
.694
.554
.505
.604
.602
.428
.400
.550
.524
C1)
and
un
der
$1.30
and
un
der
$1.40
0)
0)
and $1.50
un and
der over
$1.50
0)
<»)
0)
0)
0
0)
0)
"O f
0
(9
0)
0)
0)
0)
(l)
0)
MINING
1924
1931
$1.20 $1.30 $1.40
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
Drilling-machine operators, con
tract (underground).....................
$1.10
and
un
der
$1.20
AND
Drilling-machine operators, com
pany (un dergrou nd)..................
cts. cts.
85
75
90
55
60
65
70
80
50
$1
and and and and and and and and and cts. and
un un un un un un un un un and un
un
der der der der der der der der der
der
90
95 der
65
70
75
80
85
60
55
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. $1.00 $1.10
WAGES
Occupation
N um Aver
age
N um ber
35
40
of
ber
earn Un and and and
Year
wage
ings der un un un
of
per
mines earn
der der
hour cts. der
ers
45
40
35
9
FULL-TIME HOTJKS, 1924 AND 1931
T a b le
6 .— Number and per cent of wage earners in metalliferous mines earning
each classified amount per hour, 1981
Number
Classified earnings
La
bor
ers
13 and under 14 cents
15 and under 16 cents
16 and under 17 cents
17 and under 18 cents
18 and under 19 cents
19 and under 20 cents
20 and under 21 cen ts.. 34
21 and under 22 cents..
3
22 and under 23 cents.. 13
23 and under 24 cents
24 and under 25 cents
25 and under 27^ cents.
6
27H and under 30 cents.
30 and under 32H cents. 63
32H and under 35 cents. 10
35 and under 37H cents. 15
37M and under 40 cents. 96
40 and under 42H cents. 107
7
42H and under 45 cents.
45 and tinder 47H cents. 24
47H and under 50 cents. 36
o
50 and under 55 cen ts...
55 and under 60 cents
Per cent
Number
Wage
Wage
earn
earn
ers
ers
La
in
in
bor
all
all
ers
occu
occu
pations
pations
1
1
1
1
5
3
72
24
54
50
59
127
272
580
518
901
1,778
2,871
1,425
1,952
857
5,067
4,868
8
1
3
1
V)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
. 0)
0)
0)
0)
(,)
15
2
4
23
25
2
6
9
2
1
2
2
3
6
9
4
6
3
16
15
Classified earnings
La
bor
ers
60 and under 65 cents
65 and under 70 cents
70 and under 75 cents
75 and under 80 cents
80 and under 85 cents
85 and under 90 cents
90 and under 95 cents
95 cents and under $1
$1 and under $1.10_____
$1.10 and under $1.20
$1.20 and under $1.30
$1.30 and under $1.40
$1.40 and under $1.50
$1.50 and under $1.60
$1.60 and under $1.70
$1.70 and under $1.80
$1.80 and under $2.........
$2 and under $2.50_____
$2.50 and under $2.75
$2.75 and under $3_____
$3 and under $3.50_____
T otal________
Wage
Wage
earn
earn
ers
La
ers
in
bor
in
all
ers
all
occu
occu
pations
pations
2,709
3,059
1,721
970
762
491
247
146
328
90
80
38
8
32
11
1
1
4
8
1
1
423
Per cent
8
10
5
3
2
2
1
0)
1
0)
0)
8
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(1)
32,195
* Less than 1 per cent.
Full-Time Hours per Week and per Day, 1924 and 1931
The full-time or basic hours per week of a wage earner are those
established for him by a regular time of beginning and quitting work
on each day of the week. Such hours do not include any overtime
that may have been worked or any regular time off duty for meals.
They do, however, include any of the regular hours that may have
been lost for any cause in a week. Full-time hours per week of
individual wage earners in a mine frequently vary as the hours
for certain occupations in the mine are more or less than for other
occupations.
Table 7 shows for the wage earners covered in 1924 and 1931 in
each of six representative occupations, average full-time hours per
week and the per cent at each specified number or classified group of
full-time hours per week.
The full-time hours per week of the 5,327 company drilling machine
operators included in the 1924 study, averaged 51.4 and the hours of
7 per cent of them were less than 48 per week; of 48 per cent were 48;
of 8 per cent were over 48 and under 56; of 32 per cent were 56; and
of 6 per cent of them were 60 per week. The average for the 3,684
covered in 1931 was 49.5 per week and the percentage distribution
was 5 per cent at less than 45 per week; 16 per cent at 45; 42 per
cent at 48; 15 per cent at over 48 and under 56; 20 per cent at 56;
and 2 per cent at 60 hours per week. For a similar classification, by
number, of the wage earners covered in each of the six occupations
in each State in 1931, see Table C (p. 44).
10
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
able
7 . — Average and classified full-time hours per week in 6 specified occupations
in metalliferous mines in 1924 and 1981
Per cent of wage earners whose full-time hours per
week were—
Number of—
Occupation
Aver
age
full
Year
time
hours Un
der
Mines Wage per
earners
week 45
Drilling-machine opera 1924
tors, company (un
1931
derground)..................
Drilling-machine opera 1924
tors, contract (under 1931
ground)........................1
M u ck ers
(u n d e r J1924
ground)_____________ \1931
Timbermen (u n d e r - J1924
ground)_____________ \1931
/1924
Topm en (surface)......... \1931
T r a m m e r s (u n d e r J1924
ground)........................ 11931
106
95
5,327
3,684
51.4
49.5
61
53
5,970
3,945
82
104
92
86
113
81
97
61
4,110
4,656
2,055
2,926
1,742
815
2,028
635
48.6
49.1
52.7
50.2
51.5
48.7
55.3
54.9
50.9
48.9
5
45
Over
45
and 48
un
der
48
1
3
1
8
0)
60
6
2
48
42
8
15
32
20
2 22
66
86
44
63
46
79
17
14
55
80
1
1
12
13
0)
(i)
10
11
6
10
33
26
6
7
28
12
41
6
15
13
34
9
18
9
1
(0
34
35
0)
0)
4
56
27
16
1
Over
48
and
un
der
56
(3)
27
24
3
Over
60
and
un
der
72
1
3
72
and
un
der
84
84
0)
(0
1 Less than 1 per cent.
* Tabulated in a former bulletin as “ under 48.”
• Less than 1 per cent, tabulated in a former bulletin as “ under 48.”
The hours per week and on each day, Monday to Friday, Saturday,
and Sunday, shown, by States, in Table 8 are the prevailing regular
or customary full-time hours of operation of the wage earners at
underground work, at surface work, and at underground and surface
work in the 117 underground mines covered in 1931; and also of those
in the 22 open-pit mines covered in that year. There is a variation
of hours of wage earners in different occupations or groups in each of
a considerable number of mines. The “ prevailing” hours (those of
the majority of the wage earners in each of such mines) were used in
compiling this table.
Hours per week in the 117 underground mines for underground
work ranged from 40 in 2 mines to 60 in 4 mines; for surface work
from 40 in 2 mines to 70 in 2 mines; and for surface and underground
work from 40 in 1 mine to 70 in 2 mines. Hours per week in open-pit
mines were 56 in 3 mines and 60 in 19 mines.
Hours per day for wage earners in underground mines for under
ground work on each day of the week except Sunday ranged from 7%
to 10, and on Sunday were 7% or 8 in the 29 mines which were on the
7-day-week basis.
Wage earners in underground work in 3 mines were on the 5-dayweek basis with no work on Saturday and Sunday, and in 85 mines
were on the 6-day-week basis with no work on Sunday.
T
able
8 .—
Number of metalliferous mines in each State at each specified number of full time hours per week and per day, 1981
Full-time hours per
day—
J7uu-ume nours
per week
0
7M
8
7H
0
8
7H
9
8
10
Sun
day
0
0
0
0
8
7%
0
8
0
T otal______
0
0
0
8
7M
0
8
0
9
10
4
3
M is
souri
M on
N ew
tana Nevada Mexico
Okla
homa
1
3
13
South
Dakota
Total
mines
Utah
1
5
15
10
7
5
g
1
3
3
1
3
1
1
5
9
g
10
4
2
2
2
2
4
2
4
2
1
1
5
3
2
1
5
1
1
4
16
13
7
g
7
1
4
5
1
O
O
K
O
IQ
16
3
13
1
2
1
8
1
5
1
3
7
8
16
13
1
g
i
1
8
1
1
1
1
3
1
Q
O
2
5
9
1 Average resulting from having one day off every two weeks.
4
Kansas M ichi M inne
gan
sota
g
10
4
5
7
5
8
g
13
2
4
76
2
1
3
7
t
17
4
117
2
3
49
4
4
12
21
19
1
2
11*
11/T
1931
9
8
10
9
10
0
7H
8
8
7M
9
8
10
9
10
Idaho
AND
...........
8
8
8
Colo
rado
1
3
1
2
5
T otal______
Surface work:
40......................
45......................
48......................
62 i...................
52H
64......................
66..... ................
60......................
63......................
70......................
Alaba
Califor
Arizona
ma
nia
HOURS, 1924
.............
.......
8
7M
8
7H
10
8
7H
9
8
10
Satur
day
FULL-TIME
U n d ergrou n d
work:
40......................
45......................
4 8 - _ ...............
48H 1................
50
52 i...................
5 2 M -64......................
66......................
60......................
M on
day to
Friday
Number of mines in—
T
able
8* —
Number of metalliferous mines in each State at each specified number of full-time hours per week and per day, 1981— Continued
WAGES
AND
MINING
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
* Average resulting from having one day off every tw o weeks.
CHANGES IN WAGE RATES SINCE JUNE, 1929
13
Changes in Full-Time Hours per Week Since June 1, 1929
Between June 1, 1929, and the period of the 1931 study (June to
October), changes were made in the regular full-time hours of wage
earners in six mines. No change was made in the hours of 133 of the
139 mines covered in 1931.
The full-time hours in 3 mines were changed from a 7-day week of
8 hours a day or 56 hours per week to a 6-day week of 8 hours a day,
or 48 hours per week, and in the other 3 mines from a 7-day week of
8 hours a day, with two Sundays off duty each month, to the 6-day
week of 8 hours a day, or 48 hours per week.
Changes in Wage Rates Since June 1, 1929
Between June 1, 1929, and the period of the 1931 study of the
industry, the wage rates of all or a specified part of the wage earners
in 85 mines were reduced one or more times. No change was made
in the wage rates of any of the wage earners in 54 mines.
Table 9 shows the number of mines in which wage rates were re
duced, the wage earners affected, and the per cent or the amount of
reduction and the year in which made.
T
9 . — Changes in wage rates in 85 metalliferous mines between June 1, 1929,
able
and the period of the 1981 study
Number
of mines
W age earners whose rates were decreased
A ll A ll-.
A ll.................... .
A ll...............
A ll.................... .
Tim e workers..
A ll.....................
AU...........................................
Bepairmen and trammers..
Tim e workers...................... .
A ll...........................................
A ll..........................................
A ll...........................................
A ll............................. .............
A ll...........................................
A ll...........................................
AU...........................................
AU...........................................
AU..........................................
AU...........................................
AU...........................................
AU............................................... ........
Those at more than $3.25 per day..
Tim e workers.....................................
Shovelers............................................
AU— ................... ..............................
AU.................... .
AU.................... .
AU.................... .
[Time workers..
iShovelers..........
143466°—33------2
Per cent or amount of decrease and year
made
30 per cent, year not reported.
20 per cent, 6 mines in 1931 and 1 min
year not reported.
15 per cent in 1931.
12H per cent in 1931.
10 per cent, 3 mines in 1930 and 6 in 1931
50 cents per day in 1930.
50 cents per day, 1 mine in 1930 and 2 in
1931.
25 cents per day, 1 mine in 1930 and 1 in
1931.
25 cents per day in 1931.
10 per cent in 1930 and 15 pei cent in 1931.
10 per cent in 1930 and 10 per cent in 1931.
10 and 8 per cent in 1931.
5 and 10 per cent in 1930.
5 per cent in 1930 and 10 per cent in 1931.
5 per cent in 1930 and 5 per cent in 1931.
4.35 per cent and 9.09 per cent in 1930.
50 cents per day in 1930 and 10 per cent in
1931.
75 and 25 cents per day in 1930.
25 cents per day between June 1, 1929,
and Jan. 1,1931, and 75 cents in 1931.
50 and 25 cents per day in 1930.
50 cents per day in 1930 and 25 cents in
1931.
10 per cent in 1930.
10 per cent in 1931.
$1.50 per day in 1931.
8 cents per can in 1931.
5 and 10 per cent in 1930 and 10 per cent
in 1931.
5 per cent in 1929 and 5 and 10 per cent in
1930.
4H Per cent in 1929 and 9 and 9 per cent
in 1930.
50 cents per day twice in 1930 and once in
1931.
25 and 25 cents per day in 1930 and 50
cents in 1931.
H and H cent per can in 1930 and 1 cent
in 1931.
14
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
T a b l e 9 . — Changes in wage rates in 85 metalliferous mines between June 1, 1929,
and the period of 1931 study— Continued
Num ber
of mines
Wage earners whose rates were decreased
(Tim e workers..
Shovelers..........
(Tim e workers..
Shovelers-------Tim e workers..
{
Shovelers.........
{lim e workers..
Shovelers..........
A ll........... .........
A ll....................
All..
{Muckers.
Miners—
A ll....................................
{Underground workers..
Surface workers...........
[T im e workers..
IShovelers-------/T im e workers..
IShovelers-------'"Time workers..
Shovelers..........
Tim e worKers..
Shovelers................................................. ...........
Those at $5 per day and over before any cu t..
Those at less than $5 per day before any cu t-
Per cent or amount of decrease and year
made
50 cents per day in 1930 and 25 and 25
cents in 1931.
1)4 cents per can in 1930 and 1 cent and
cent in 1931.
50 cents per day and 10 per cent in 1930
and 33 per cent in 1931.
K cent and 1 cent per can in 1930 and 3
cents in 1931.
10 per cent in 1930 and 10 per cent and 50
cents per day in 1931.
1 cent per can in 1930 and 1 cent and 1
cent in 1931.
50 cents per day in 1930 and 75 and 25 cents
in 1931.
H cent per can in 1930 and 1M cents and 1
cent in 1931.
25 to 50 and 20 to 40 cents per day in 1930.
10 and 10 per cent in 1930 and 7 and 17H
per cent in 1931.
10 and 10 per cent in 1930 and 7 and 17 per
cent in 1931.
50 cents per day in 1929, 50 cents in 1930,
and 25 cents in 1931.
25 cents per day in 1929, 50 cents in 1930,
and 25 cents in 1931.
25 cents per day in 1929,50 and 25 cents in
1930, and 25 cents in 1931.
75 and 25 cents per day in 1930 and 25
cents in 1931.
50 and 25 cents per day in 1930 and 25
cent in 1931.
5 per cent in 1930 and 33 per cent in 1931.
1 cent per can in 1930 and 1 cent, in 1931.
10 per cent in 1930 and 10 per cent in 1931.
1 cent per can in 1930 and 1 cent in 1931.
25 and 25 cents per day in 1931.
Vi and lA cent per can in 1931.
25 cents per day in 1930 and 75 cents in
1931.
Vi cent per can in 1930 and 3 cents in 1931.
25 cents per day in 1929 and 25 and 50
cents in 1930.
20 cents per day in 1929 and 20 and 40
cents in 1930.
Overtime and Sunday and Holiday Work, 1931
Overtime is any time worked before or after the regular time of
beginning and quitting work on each day of the week (including
Sundays and holidays for those whose working schedules provide for
work on those days), and any time worked during the regular time
established for meals, regardless of the rate of pay or amount of time
credited for such extra work. Work on Sundays and holidays is
overtime only when performed by wage earners whose regular hours
do not provide for work on those days.
Of the 139 mines covered in the 1931 study of the industry 99
reported certain of their wage earners as having worked some over
time, and 43 reported extra work on Sundays and holidays by certain
wage earners. There was, therefore, no overtime in 40 mines, and
no extra work on Sundays and holidays in 96 mines.
The rate paid for overtime was the same as for regular working
time in 92 mines and one and one-half times the regular rate in 7
mines. The rate of one and one-half times the regular rate was paid
to the maintenance crew of 5 mines, to cagers, hoist men, pump men,
15
BONUS SYSTEMS
and maintenance men in 1 mine, and to electricians, pipemen, and
timbermen and helpers in 1 mine.
The rate for extra work on Sundays and holidays was the same as
for regular working time in 41 of the 43 mines in which there was such
work; in 1 mine the rate was one and one-half times the regular rate,
which was paid to electricians, pipemen, timbermen, and timbermen
helpers; and in 1 mine to cagers, hoist men, pump men, and mainte
nance men.
Bonus Systems
A bonus is compensation in addition to earnings at time or piece
rates. Bonus systems were found in operation in 51 of the 139 mines
studied in 1931.
Table 10 shows the number of mines in which bonus systems were
in operation at the time of the study, the wage earners eligible to earn
the bonus, the amount of the bonus, and the performance necessary
on the part of wage earners to earn it. The basis of the bonus was
production in 21 mines, service in 19, time saved in 9, and production
and time saved in 2 mines.
T
able
N um Basis or kind
ber of
of bonus
mines
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
Wage earners eligible
Amount of bonus
Production— Miners, muckers, and tim Varies with condition and
type of work.
bermen.
Miners and muckers.......... Each unit above set stand
ard at basic rate.
........do........... Miners, muckers, timber ZH cents for each ton over
60 per man per day, pro
men, brakemen, motormen, pipemen,
and
rated according to time
trackmen.
worked.
____ do______ Mucking-machine opera 5 cents for each car loaded
over 30 per day.
tors.
____ do........... Raise and shaft miners___ $1 per man for each lineal
foot mined in excess of
100 per month.
____ do........... Miners, muckers, and 20 cents for each ton in ex
cess of 14 per day, di
trammers.
vided equally among
men working.
____ do........... Miners and muckers on Varies with rates per foot
for work under different
development work.
co n d itio n s ,
d iv id e d
equally among men
working.
___ do_______ ____ do____________________ $5.40 per foot of advance
in drift work on $3.80
per foot in raises for each
foot in excess of 3 feet
per shift, prorated ac
cording to time worked.
____ do........... Miners, muckers, timber 50 cents per man per shift—
men and helpers, tram
mers and shifters on de
velopment work.
........do........... Hoist m e n .......................... Three-fourths of 1 cent for
each can hoisted over
600 per day.
........do........... Hoist men and can hook ____d o........... — ...................
ers.
........do______ Hoist m en__........................ 1 cent for each can hoisted
over 600 per day.
........do______ Hoist men and can hook- .____d o...................................
ers.
1 ____ do...........
1
10.— Bonus systems of 51 metalliferous mines, 1981
Bonus earned-
W hen production exceeds
set standard.
D o.
W hen production exceeds
50 tons per man per day.
W hen cars loaded exceed
30 per day.
W hen group of 4 men
mine more than 100 lin
eal feet per month.
W hen production is more
than 14 tons of ore per
day.
W hen production is more
than a set standard.
When development ad
vances more than 3 feet
per shift.
W hen development ad
vances more than 4 feet
per shift.
W hen more than 600 cans
per day are hoisted.
D o.
D o.
Do.
16
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
T
able
1 0 .— Bonus systems of 51 metalliferous mines, 1981 — Continued
N um
ber of Basis or kind
of bonus
mines
Production..
Wage earners eligible
C mtract shovelers..
echanical loaders..
........do.........
Amount of bonus
4 cents for each ton over 22
loaded per day.
6 cents for each ton loaded
in excess of set standard
for each shaft.
Maintenance men except
watchmen and a few
common laborers.
Shovel engineers............... .
One-half of excess at regu
lar rates.
Locom otive engineers........
Shovel engineers.................
____do....... . Locomotive engineers, lo
comotive cranemen, and
dragline operators.
Shovel engineers...............
____d o......... . Locom otive engineers and
locomotive cranemen.
Shovel engineers.................
____do......... . Shovel cranem en...............
Locom otive engineers........
Shovel engineers.......... .......
____do.......... Shovel cranemen.................
Locomotive engineers and
locomotive cranemen.
____do......... . Shovel engineers.................
Shovel
engineers
and
track bosses.
____d o......... . Shovel cranemen.................
Locomotive engineers____
W alking bosses....................
f Shovel engineers.................
____d o......... . \Craners...................- ............
Time saved. Miners, muckers, timbermen and helpers, and
jigger bosses.
___do........ . Miners on development
work.
. — do......... Miners, muckers, and timbermen.
— .do____ Miners and muckers on
development work.
Time saved. Miners, timbermen, shaft
men, shaft jigger bosses,
Leyner men and helpers,
and muckers.
Production- Trammers_______________
5 cents per hour..................
10 cents per hour...... ..........
5 cents per hour............. .
Service..
Miners, muckers, and tim
bermen.
Time saved.
Muckers, miners, mucking-machine operators,
. and contractor.
Tim e saved.
Miners, muckers, and tim
bermen and helpers.
Production..
Trammers_______________
10 cents per hour_________
Bonus earned-
W hen more than 22 tons
per day are loaded.
When tons loaded are
more than 100 at shaft
A , 82 at shaft B, or 87 at
shaft C.
W hen production is more
than set standard.
W hen service is 1 or more
years.
D o.
D o.
D o.
10 cents per hour.................
5 cents per hour..................
D o.
D o.
10 cents per hour.................
cets per hour.................
5 cents per hour..................
10 cents per hour.................
S}4 cents per hour________
5 cents per hour..................
D o.
D o.
D o.
D o.
D o.
D o.
10 cents per hour.................
10 cents per hour.................
D o.
D o.
D o.
8M cents per hour...............
D o.
5 cents per hour..................
D o.
10 to 20 cents per hour.......
D o.
10 cents per hour.................
D o.
8V<i cents per hour...........
All time saved at basic When task is completed
in less than the time al
rates, prorated accord
lotted.
ing to time worked.
D o.
____d o....................................
. . . . . d o ...................................
D o.
____d o....................................
D o.
____do....................................
D o.
15 cents for each car over
set number which varies
with conditions.
A ll of time saved at basic
rates, prorated according
to time worked.
A ll of time saved at basic
rates divided as follows:
18.2 per cent to mucker,
27.3 per cent to miner
and mucking-machine
operator, and 54.5 per
cent to contractor.
A ll of time saved at basic
rates, prorated accord
ing to earnings.
Varies with rates per car
under different condi
tions.
W h e n c a r s trammed
(pushed) exceeds set
number.
When task is completed in
less than set time.
D o.
D o.
W hen more than a set
number of cars are
trammed.
Index Numbers of Employment and of Pay Rolls, 1929 to
1931
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls in the metalliferous
mining industry are presented in Table 11 for each of the months
and for each of the years in the period, January, 1929, to December,
17
SCOPE AND METHOD
1931. These numbers were computed from the number of persons
employed and the amount of the pay rolls for each month and the
average for each year, with the 1929 average as the base or 100 per
cent, and are as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in its
monthly reports entitled “ Trend of employment/’
During the period covered by the table the indexes for both employ
ment and pay rolls were highest at 103.8 and 105.6, respectively, in
June, 1929, and lowest at 51.2 and 34.3, respectively, in December,
1931. By years, index numbers of employment were 100.0 in 1929,
83.2 in 1930, and 59.1 in 1931; and of pay rolls 100.0 in 1929, 78 in
1930, and 44.8 in 1931.
T
able
11.— Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, January, 1929, to
December, 1981, by month and year
[Average for 1929=100]
Index numbers of—
M onth
Employment
1929
1930
Pay-roll totals
1931
1929
1930
1931
January_________________________________
February______________________________ _
M arch___________________________________
April____________________________________
M a y _____________________________________
June_____________________________________
July....................................................................
August__________________________________
September_______________________________
October ____ ___________________________
November ______________________________
December________________________________
93.1
94.6
97.0
100.6
100.8
103.8
101.5
103.2
101.2
101.9
103.0
98.5
95.7
92.3
90.9
89.3
87.5
84.6
80.5
79.0
78.1
77.2
72.8
70.1
68.3
65.3
63.5
63.9
62.4
60.0
56.2
55.8
55.5
53.8
52.8
51.2
88.0
91.8
99.1
104.6
104.6
105.6
99.0
100.1
102.0
103.1
102.2
99.7
92.7
92.5
90.8
88.3
85.6
81.6
71.9
71.0
69.9
68.6
63.4
59.9
55.0
54.6
52.8
51.4
49.3
46.1
41.3
40.2
40.0
37.4
35.1
34.3
Average—_________________________
100.0
83.2
59.1
100.0
78.0
44.8
Scope and Method
Wage figures covering days, hours, and earnings of each of the wage
earners found in each occupation in the industry m 1931 were collected
by agents of the bureau from the pay rolls and other records of 139
representative metalliferous mines in 15 States. The number of
wage earners employed in these States, based on the 1928 report of
the United States Bureau of Mines, is approximately 90 per cent of
the total number of wage earners in the industry in all States. The
number of wage earners (32,195) for which wage figures are given in
this bulletin is approximately one-third of the total in the United
States. In 1924 similar data were collected from the records of 137
representative mines in 14 of the 15 States covered in 1931.
Table 12 shows the total number of mines and of wage earners in
the industry in each of 15 States, in the group designated as “ other
States,” and in all States, according to the United States Bureau of
Mines. It also shows the number of mines and wage earners covered
in the 1931 study in each of the 15 States.
18
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
1 3 . — Number of wage earners in metalliferous mines in 1928 and number of
mines and wage earners for which 1931 wage data are showny by States
able
State
Alabama__________
Arizona___________
California_________
C olora d o ___ Idaho _____ __
K a n sa s ___ _
M ichigan.
M innesota________
M issouri____ __
Mines and wage
earners for which
Number
data are shown for
of wage
1931
earners
reported
b y U .S .
Bureau
of Mines, Number Number
of wage
1928
of mines
earners
5,893
11,535
5,669
3,404
4,330
2,074
15,020
10,121
2,588
8
9
8
10
4
5
16
29
7
2,132
3,969
1,688
983
1,621
325
5,978
4,577
1, G71
State
Mines and wage
earners for which
Number
data are shown for
of wage
1931
earners
reported
b y U. S.
Bureau
Number
of Mines, Number
wage
1928
of mines of
earners
Montana__________
N evada...................
New M exico........ .
Oklahoma_________
South Dakota.........
Utah____________ _
Other States........ .
9,336
3,334
2,623
4,294
1,397
6,898
10,167
5
9
6
13
1
9
2,495
1,146
1,442
1,018
936
2,214
Total— .........
98,683
139
32,195
Data for each of the mines with a pay period of more than one week
were reduced to a 1-week basis.
Average earnings per hour of employees in each occupation as
presented in the various tables in this report were computed by divid
ing the combined earnings of all employees in the occupation in one
week by the combined hours worked by all employees in the occupa
tion in the week.
Average full-time hours per week of all employees in each occupa
tion were computed by dividing the combined full-time hours per week
of all employees in the occupation by the number of employees in the
occupation in one week. Full-time hours per week of each employee
were used in arriving at this average, even though some employees
worked more or less than full time on account of overtime, sickness,
disability, or other cause.
Average full-time earnings per week of employees in each occupa
tion were computed by multiplying the average earnings per hour of
all employees in the occupation by the average full-time hours per
week. This is on the assumption that the earnings for full time would
have been at the same average rate per hour as for the time that was
actually worked in one week.
Occupations
The occupations for which days, hours, and earnings are shown in
this bulletin are as listed in Tables 2 and A. Each occupation is
defined in the glossary, which also gives the mine terms and the bureau’s
classification of the occupations. (See Appendix, pp. 54 to 64.)
General Tables
In addition to the preceding text tables, five general tables are
presented as follows:
T a b l e A .— Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1931, by occupa
tion, district, and State.
19
GENERAL TABLES
The presentation in parallel columns of “ average full-time hours
per week” and “ average hours actually worked in one week” is for
the purpose of easy comparison of the hours that would have been
worked in the week had all employees in the occupation worked no
more nor less than full time, with the average hours that were actually
worked in* the week. One shows the full-time hours under normal
conditions, while the other shows the hours actually worked in the
week by all wage earners covered in each State and in all States com
bined in 1931.
The table shows (p. 38) that 32,195 wage earners in the 139 mines
worked on an average of five days in one week; that their average full
time hours in one week were 51.6; that they actually worked an
average of 41.6 hours in one week or 80.6 per cent of full time; that
they earned an average of 55.9 cents per hour and $23.25 in the week;
and that, had they worked full time
the same average per hour as
was earned in the 41.6 hours, they would have earned an average of
$28.84 per week.
T ab le B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in six specified
occupations, 1931, by district and State.
T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in six
specified occupations, 1931, by district and State.
T a b l e D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in one
week in six specified occupations, 1931, by district and State.
T a b le E .— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in
six specified occupations, 1931, by district and State.
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hourt and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupation, district, and State
able
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S
Occupation, district, and State
Aver
Aver Aver
Num
age
age
Per
N um ber days on age
hours cent of
full
which
ber
of
actual
time
full
em
wage
of
time
ly
mines earn ployees hours
per
worked
worked
ers worked week in week
in week
Blacksmiths (surface and un
derground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona..........................
California____________
Colorado________ ____
Idaho.................. ...........
M ontana_____________
Nevada____ __________
New Mexico__________
South Dakota.......... .
Utah.......... ..................
9
7
10
4
4
8
4
1
7
17
10
12
10
6
10
4
4
14
Aver Aver
Aver
age
age
age
full
earn
actual
time
ings
earn
earn
per
in
per ings
hour ings
week
week
5.4
6.6
6.3
5.4
5.2
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.6
48.7
51.5
51.7
49.6
49.3
53.7
49.3
56.0
52.0
41.6
53.5
51.4
43.2
41.3
48.7
50.3
50.0
53.6
85.4
103.9
99.4
87.1
83.8
90.7
102.0
89.3
103.1
$0.731
.703
.677
.723
.671
.700
.604
.696
.583
$35.60
36.20
35.00
35.86
33.08
37.59
29.78
38.98
30.32
$30.39
37.63
34.81
31.23
27.72
34.11
30.38
34.81
31.23
Total...........................
54
87
6.0
51.1
48.0
93.9
.677
34.59
32.51
Michigan copper..... ........ ..
5
55
4.3
54.0
38.4
71.1
.399
21.55
15.30
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
Minnesota__________
10
11
35
21
4.0
4.2
58.7
60.1
37.1
40.4
63.2
67.2
.494
.569
29.00
34.20
18.32
22.99
Total_______________
21
56
4.1
59.3
38.3
64.6
.524
31.07
20.07
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
22
14
27
4.2
6.0
58.9
48.0
38.7
49.3
65.7
102.7
.577
.520
33.99
24.96
22.35
25.62
All districts____ ____
107
239
5.0
53.8
43.1
80.1
.563
30.29
24. 26
20
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
U N D ER G R O U N D M IN ES—Continued
Aver
Aver Aver
N um
Aver Aver
age
Per
age
age
age
N um ber days on full
age
cent
of
full
hours
which
ber
earn
of
Occupation, district, and State
full
time
time actual
em
of
wage
ings
time
earn
ly
per
mines earn ployees hours
per worked worked
per
hour ings
ers worked week in week
week
in week
Blacksmiths’ helpers (surface
and underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_______________
California
Colorado_____________
Idaho_________________
Montana_____________
Nevada__________ ____
N ew Mexico__________
South Dakota________
TTtfvh , . ....................
7
8
6
3
3
5
2
1
6
21
8
9
6
5
7
4
4
10
6.4
6.6
6.4
5.3
6.0
5.9
6.8
5.5
6.3
47.5
52.9
52.9
48.0
48.0
55.5
52.0
56.0
50.4
42.1
54.9
53.2
42.7
48.0
46.4
54.5
44.3
50.4
88.6
103.8
100.6
89.0
100.0
83.6
104.8
79.1
100.0
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$0,542
.534
.582
.563
.594
.594
.396
.438
.467
$25.75
28.25
30.79
27.02
28.50
32.97
20.59
24.53
23.55
$22.80
29.33
30.98
24.00
28.50
27.55
21.60
19.36
23.55
Total
41
74
5.9
50.7
47.6
93.9
.531
26.92
25.28
Michigan copper
4
36
4.0
54.0
36.3
67.2
.355
19.17
12.89
Northern iron—
Michigan
Minnesota
8
7
17
17
3.0
3.7
58.5
59.3
29.2
36.7
49.9
61.9
.433
.437
25.33
25.91
12.63
16.00
Total_______________
15
34
3.4
58.9
32.9
65.9
.435
25.62
14.32
Alabama iron_____________
Tri-State lead and zinc___
4
10
12
14
4.5
5.6
58.2
48.0
42.7
44.6
73.4
92.9
.358
.443
20.84
21.26
15.30
19.76
All districts_________
74
170
4.9
63.3
41.7
78.2
.463
24.68
19.30
Cagers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_______ _______
California____________
Colorado_____________
Triaho
N evada........ ..................
N ew Mexico__________
South Dakota________
Utah
8
1
3
3
2
4
1
6
39
1
7
16
3
10
17
30
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
6.7
6.3
6.6
6.2
49.7
48.0
48.0
50.0
56.0
50.6
56.0
49.1
45.6
48.0
46.6
48.7
53.3
50.6
53.6
49.7
91.8
100.0
97.1
97.4
95.2
100.0
95.7
101.2
.640
.563
.618
.636
.669
.487
.557
.536
31.81
27.00
29.66
31.80
37.46
24.63
31.19
26.32
29.21
27.00
28.77
30.96
35.66
24.63
29.83
26.62
28
123
6.2
50.6
48.8
96.4
.587
29.70
28.63
Michigan copper_________
3
11
3.9
48.0
31.3
65.2
.440
21.12
13.76
Northern iron—
Michigan
Minnesota.___________
5
3
9
4
3.8
3.8
47.1
48.0
32.1
30.0
68.2
62.5
.562
.503
26.47
24.14
18.05
15.10
Total
„.
Total _____________
8
13
3.8
47.4
31.5
66.5
.545
25.83
17.14
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
1
2
2
8
3.0
6.0
60.0
48.0
24.0
47.0
40.0
97.9
.425
.463
25.50
22.22
10.20
21.76
All districts_________
42
157
5.8
50.1
45.7
91.2
.570
28.56
26.05
7
13
11
14
4
4
7
4
5
9
5.6
5.8
6.9
4.8
6.0
5.6
6.3
6.0
6.3
50.5
49.5
51.8
48.0
48.0
56.0
48.5
56.0
50.7
43.9
47.6
57.6
40.3
48.0
46.0
49.0
48.0
50.7
86.9
96.2
111.2
84.0
100.0
82.1
101.0
85.7
100.0
.694
.651
.778
.800
.688
.739
.586
.672
.624
35.05
32.22
40.30
38.40
33.00
41.38
28.42
37.63
31.64
30.48
31.03
44.83
32.19
33.00
33.99
28.69
32.25
31.64
Carpenters (surface and under
ground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.
__________
California_____________
Colorado_____________
Tria.hr*
Montana_____________
N e v a d a .,..
N ew Mexico__________
South Dakota________
Utah_________________
6
2
3
5
3
1
5
Total_______________
38
71
6.0
51.1
48.9
95.7
.699
35.72
34.15
Michigan copper_________
6
60
4.5
54.0
41.0
75.9
.397
21.44
16.27
a
21
GENERAL TABLES
T
A.-— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981 y by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
UNDERGROUND MINES—Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Carpenters (surface and under
ground)—Continued.
Northern iron—
Michigan............. ........
Minnesota___________
Num
Num ber
ber
of
of
wage
mines earn
ers
10
10
38
18
Aver
age
days on
which
em
ployees
worked
in week
3.5
4.1
Aver Aver
Aver
Aver Aver
age
age
Per
age
age
age
full
full
hours cent of earn
actual
time actualtime
full
ings
earn
hours
earn ings in
time
per
per worked worked
per week
hour ings
week in week
week
57.6
58.6
33.9
40.5
58.9
69.1
$0.513
.553
$29.55
32.41
$17.43
22.38
20
56
3.7
67.9
36.0
62.2
.528
30.57
19.02
Alabama iron....................
Tri-State lead and z in c..
5
9
27
17
4.1
4.5
69.0
48.0
39.2
36.4
66.4
75.8
.517
.557
30.50
26.74
20.25
20.28
All districts..
Total..
78
231
4.7
54.2
41.7
76.9
.557
30.19
23.19
Carpenters’ helpers (surface
and underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona......................... .
California..................... .
Colorado........................
Idaho..............................
M ontana...................... .
South Dakota............. .
U tah...............................
2
3
2
1
3
1
1
4
3
3
5
5
2
1
4.5
6.7
7.0
6.0
6.0
7.0
6.0
45.0
50.7
56.0
48.0
48.0
56.0
48.0
33.8
54.3
59.0
48.8
48.0
54.0
48.0
75.1
107.1
105.4
101.7
100.0
96.4
100.0
.471
.458
.542
.563
.613
.519
.500
21.20
23.22
30.35
27.02
29.40
29.06
24.00
15.89
24.87
31.98
27.45
29.40
28.00
24.00
Total............
13
23
6.0
49.6
48.5
97.8
.537
26.64
26.01
Michigan copper..
2
19
4.6
54.0
42.8
79.3
.362
19.55
15.50
Northern iron—
Michigan____
Minnesota___
5
2
8
7
3.3
3.7
69.3
58.3
31.4
37.1
53.0
63.6
.421
.453
24.97
26.41
13.21
16.80
Total—
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
A ll districts..
Chute loaders (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.........................
California.....................
Colorado.......................
Idaho.............................
N evada.........................
South Dakota.............
Total..
Northern iron—
Michigan___
Minnesota__
7
15
3.5
58.8
34.1
58.0
.437
25.70
14.89
2
2
62
4
2.4
4.0
60.0
48.0
20.3
34.0
33.8
70.8
.373
.476
22.38
22.85
7.58
16.18
26
123
3.6
56.6
31.2
55.1
.430
24.34
13.42
2
2
3
1
2
1
42
8
47
2
10
11
4.7
6.1
6.1
6.0
6.4
5.4
47.7
48.0
56.0
48.0
56.0
56.0
35.2
49.0
49.1
48.0
51.2
44.0
73.8
102.1
87.7
100.0
91.4
78.6
.590
.531
.572
.594
.625
.594
28.14
25.49
32.03
28.50
35.00
33.26
20.77
26.02
28.09
28.50
32.00
26.13
11
120
5.6
52.4
43.9
83.8
.582
30.50
25.54
8
5
41
20
3.0
3.6
47.0
48.0
24.5
28.4
52.1
59.2
.614
.504
28.86
24.19
15.05
14.31
Total...........................
13
61
3.2
47.3
25.8
54.5
.574
27.15
14.81
Tri-State lead and zinc___
7
14
6.0
48.0
48.1
100.2
.389
18.67
18.73
A ll districts...............
31
196
4.9
50.5
38.5
76.2
.563
28.43
21.69
22
T
WAGES AND HO CBS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per iveek, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupation, district, and Slate— Continued
able
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S —Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Compressor men (surface and
underground):
Western mixed ores—
................ Arizona
___- ________
Colorado_____________
Idaho________________
M ontana_____________
Nevada.................... .
N ew Mexico.............. ..
South Dakota________
U tah.................... ..........
N um
N um ber
ber
of
of
wage
mines earn
ers
Aver Aver Aver
age
Aver Aver
Per
age
age
age
days on
age
hours
cent
of
full
full
which
earn
time
actual
full
time
em
ings
time
earn
ly
ployees hours
per
per worked worked hour
ings per
worked week
in
week
week
in week
12
4
6.1
5 California
16
6.3
5
9
6.6
2
11
4.3
2
1
7.0
2
2
7.0
2
2
6.5
1
5
7.0
14
6
6.1
49.4
49.3
52.4
48.0
56.0
56.0
52.0
56.0
52.0
47.0
50.6
52.9
34.4
56.0
56.0
52.0
56.0
46.1
95.1
102.6
101.0
71.7
100. C
100.0
100.0
100.0
88.7
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$0. 688
. 545
.643
.643
.513
.742
.388
.594
.563
$33.99
26.87
33.69
30.86
28.71
41.53
20.18
33.25
29.28
$32.37
27.57
33.99
22.10
28.71
41.53
20.18
33.25
25.93
28
73
6.0
50.9
47.7
93.7
.600
30.54
28.61
Michigan copper,.
6
26
4.3
51.5
37.3
72.4
.393
20.24
14.66
Northern iron—
M ichigan.......... ........
Minnesota
. „
4
2
10
3
3.8
4.0
69.0
64.4
43.3
40.1
62.8
62.3
.363
.504
25.05
32.46
15.73
20.22
T otal...........................
6
13
3.8
67.9
42.6
62.7
.394
26.75
16.77
Alabama iron................. ..
Tri-State lead and zinc......
4
8
13
11
4.1
5.7
53.5
51.3
35.4
53.3
66.2
103.9
.452
.502
24.18
25.75
16.03
26.72
Total......... .................
52
136
5.3
52.9
44.5
84.1
.527
27.88
23.46
Drilling-machine
operators,
com pany (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona______________
California.......................
Colorado_____ _______
Idaho___________
M ontana............. .........
Nevada___________ .
N ew M exico..................
South D akota...........
U tah......................
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
1,138
471
142
299
201
251
142
184
315
5.6
5.9
5.9
5. 6
5.7
6.2
6.1
5.7
5.7
47.3
50.3
51.4
46.5
48.7
55.5
52.0
56.0
50.5
45.0
47.5
46.2
44.6
46.0
49.5
48.9
45.0
45.8
95.1
94.4
89.9
95.9
94.5
89.2
94.0
80.4
90.7
.774
.600
.613
.601
.608
.692
.445
.622
.534
36. 61
30.18
31.51
27.95
29. 61
38.41
23.14
34.83
26.97
34.84
28.49
28.31
26.81
27.95
34.30
21.80
27.95
24.44
All districts________
Total...........................
58
3,143
5.8
49.6
46.1
92.9
.65»
32.64
30.31
Michigan copper.................
3
69
3.8
48.0
30.7
64.0
.433
20.78
13.30
Northern iron—
Michigan__________
Minnesota....................
3
7
145
53
4.8
4.5
41.9
49.5
38.1
36.2
90.9
73.1
.806
.646
33.77
31.98
30.68
23.36
Total..........................
10
198
4.7
44.0
37.6
85.5
.765
33.66
28.72
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
19
95
179
2.3
5.4
59.7
48.0
20.3
43.6
34.0
90.8
.486
.403
29.01
19.34
9.86
17.56
All districts________
95
3,684
5.6
49.5
44.5
89.9
.646
31.98
28.76
D rillin g -m a ch in e operators,
contract (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.—............. ........
California______ ____
Colorado........................
M ontana________
N ew M exico.................
South Dakota...............
Utah...............................
1
1
5
5
2
1
2
8
60
55
483
60
311
27
4.5
5.7
6.5
5. 7
5.4
5.6
5.1
52.5
48.0
54.0
48.1
53.8
56.0
48.0
32.9
45.7
51.8
45.6
42.4
44.1
40.4
62.7
95.2
95.9
94.8
78.8
78.8
84.2
.792
.894
.826
.760
.520
.867
.738
41.58
42.91
44.60
36. 56
27.98
48.55
35.42
26.03
40.90
42.79
34.66
22.05
38.19
29.85
Total.........................
17
1,004
5.7
51.2
45.1
88.1
.791
40.50
35.62
Michigan copper_________
5
618
4.0
48.0
31.8
66.3
.571
27.41
18.14
23
GENERAL TABLES
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
UNDERGROUND MINES—Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Drilling-machine
operators,
contract (underground)—Cor
Northern iron—
M ichigan.....................
Minnesota....... ............
Total..
Alabama iron____________
Tri-State lead and zinc___
All districts..
Drilling-machine
operators’
helpers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
California.....................
Colorado................... __
Idaho_______________
M ontana......................
Aver- Aver
N um . age
Num ber days on age
full
ber
of
which
time
of
em
wage
hours
mines earn ployees
per
worked week
ers
in week
9
13
848
948
22
1,796
3.3
3
6
38
489
3.4
5.5
53
3,945
4.3
2
3
1
1
36
9
3
1
Aver
Aver Aver
age
age
Per
age
hours cent of earn
full
actual full
time
ings
earn
time
ly
per ings per
worked worked
hour
in week
week
24.1
28.7
50.2
58.8
48.4
26.6
55.0
54.2
48.0
32.6
43.3
60.1
90.2
49.1
34.2
69.7
5.9
6.4
5.7
6.0
52.0
54.2
40.0
48.0
48.9
51.6
45.3
48.0
94.0
95.2
113.3
100.0
3.1
3.6
48.0
48.8
$0,714
.709
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$34.27
34.60
$17.23
20.36
.711
34.41
18.88
.512
.575
27.75
27.60
16.70
24.90
.694
34.08
23.75
.518
.610
.656
.481
26.94
33.06
26.24
23.10
25.35
31.46
29.75
23.10
7
49
6.0
51.6
49.1
95.2
.543
28.02
26.69
Michigan copper________
Northern iron: M ichigan.
Alabama iron.....................
Tri-State lead and z in c.. .
1
1
4
19
141
10
120
177
3.9
3.1
2.4
5.3
48.0
48.0
59.6
48.0
31.2
25.3
21.3
42.3
65.0
52.7
35.7
88.1
.428
.572
.373
.349
20.54
27.46
22.23
16.75
13.34
14.46
7.93
14.75
All districts....... ...............
32
497
4.2
51.2
34.4
67.2
.403
20.63
13.87
1
6
3
1
1
21
10
16
7.0
4.7
3.1
4.8
56.0
54.0
59.4
60.0
56.0
42.8
29.0
40.7
100.0
79.3
48.8
67.8
.625
.354
.399
.353
35.00
19.12
23.70
21.18
35.00
15.18
11.57
14.34
11
48
4.4
57.2
39.5
69.1
.369
21.11
14.56
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
28
4
1
3
15
5.0
6.0
6.8
7.0
6.0
5.9
45.0
48.3
56.0
52.5
48.0
48.0
37.5
47.9
56.0
52.5
48.0
46.9
83.3
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.7
.671
.578
.586
.702
.431
.477
30.20
27.92
32.82
36.83
20.71
22.90
25.17
27.65
32.82
36.83
20.71
22.40
8
54
6.0
48.7
47.7
97.9
.549
26.74
26.22
2
21
9
184
4.2
5.4
54.7
48.0
38.7
42.8
70.7
89.2
.255
.495
13.95
23.76
9.87
21.20
31
247
5.5
48.4
43.7
90.3
.500
2120
21.89
8
2
2
3
2
3
1
31
2
4
11
5
5
2
5.9
6.5
5.3
4.9
6.8
6.8
7.0
51.6
52.0
50.0
48.0
56.0
54.4
56.0
47.1
52.0
42.0
39.3
54.4
57.6
56.0
91.3
100.0
84.0
81.9
97.1
105.9
100.0
.443
.471
.542
.500
.524
.369
.469
22.86
24.50
27.10
24.00
29.34
20.07
26.25
20.84
24.50
22.76
19.64
28.50
21.27
26.25
T otal...........
21
60
5.9
51.6
47.3
91.7
.460
23.74
21.72
Michigan copper..
6
23
4.3
52.2
37.7
72.2
.336
17.54
12.66
Total..
Drivers (surface):
Western mixed ores: Colo
rado_______________ ____
Michigan copper_________
Northern iron: Michigan . .
Alabama iron____ _____
All districts..
Drivers, mule (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.........................
California.....................
Idaho............................
Nevada.........................
N ew M exico.............. .
Utah.............................
Total..
Alabama iron..............
Tri-State lead and zinc.
All districts............
Dry-house men (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona............ ......
California...............
Idaho.......................
Montana.................
Nevada...................
N ew Mexico...........
South Dakota........
24
T
WAGES AND HOUBS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per weekt average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
UNDERGROUND MINES-Continued
N um
ber
Occupation, district, and State
of
mines
Dry-house men (surface)—Con.
Northern iron—
M ichigan.......................
Minnesota.....................
Total..
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
All districts..
Dumpers (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona....................
California................
Colorado.................
Nevada....................
N ew M exico...........
XJtah........................
N um
ber
of
wage
earn
ers
Aver Average
days on •age
full
which
time
em
hours
ployees
per
worked
in week week
Aver
Aver Aver
Per
age
age
age
full
hours cent of earn
actual
full
time
ings
time
earn
ly
worked worked per ings per
hour
in week
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$0,344
.400
$22.19
24.92
$14.58
16.75
66.4
.372
23.58
15.66
99.8
75.0
.297
.388
16.04
18.62
16.00
13.95
44.1
79.9
. 404
22.30
17.83
45.0
52.6
54.3
52.5
49.7
48.0
37.5
53.8
54.3
48.0
52.0
48.0
83.3
102.3
100.0
91.4
104.6
100.0
.587
.472
. 5S1
.501
.431
.469
26.42
24.83
31.50
26.30
21.42
22.50
22.00
25.38
31.50
24.04
22.40
22.50
8
11
20
20
3.9
4.0
64.5
62.3
42.4
41.9
65.7
67.3
19
40
4.0
3
2
7
4
6.1
4.5
63.4
42.1
54.0
48.0
53.9
36.0
51
134
5.0
55.2
1
3
2
1
4
1
2
4
2
1
6
2
5.0
6.5
7.0
6.0
6.3
6.0
Total...........
12
17
6.2
50.3
50.3
100.0
.482
24.23
24.23
Michigan copper-
1
10
5.6
48.0
44.2
92.1
.455
21.84
20.13
Northern iron—
Michigan___
Minnesota__
7
7
36
21
3.3
3.0
58.4
56.9
32.5
27.7
55.7
48.7
.471
.446
27.51
25.38
15.33
12.36
14
57
3.2
57.9
30.7
53.0
.463
26.81
14.23
Alabama iron......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
2
3
22
13
2.4
5.8
60.0
48.0
20.3
44.3
33.8
92.3
.367
.476
22.02
22.85
7.44
21.11
A ll districts..
32
119
4.0
55.3
34.2
61.8
.458
25.33
15.65
8
8
7
4
2
4
3
1
8
60
9
9
38
6
9
4
11
41
5.8
6.6
5.4
5.9
4.2
6.4
6.3
6.3
5.5
49.5
52.3
52.9
52.6
49.3
56.0
49.3
56.0
54.2
46.5
55.4
48.4
49.4
34.3
51.8
49.3
52.8
44.7
93.9
105.9
91.5
93.9
69.6
92.5
100.0
94.3
82.5
.687
.721
.651
.665
.699
.773
.711
.664
.669
34.01
37.71
34.44
34.98
34.46
43.29
35.04
37.18
36.26
31.91
39.96
31.48
32.86
23.99
40.04
35.04
35.05
29.89
Total..
Electricians (surface and un
derground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.........................
California.....................
Colorado.......................
Idaho.............................
M ontana......................
Nevada................ ........
N ew M exico................
South Dakota.............
U tah..............................
T otal...........
45
187
5.8
52.2
47.5
91.0
.682
35.60
32.41
Michigan copper..
5
19
4.2
54.0
38.7
71.7
.407
21.98
15.77
Northern iron—
M ichigan____
Minnesota___
10
8
39
16
4.1
4.7
60.0
55.4
36.5
42.7
60.8
77.1
.542
.573
32.52
31.74
19.80
24.43
Total..
18
55
4.3
55.8
38.3
68.6
.552
30.80
21.15
Alabama iron....................
Tri-State lead and z in c ..
5
9
22
25
5.2
5.4
59.0
48.0
48.4
45.2
82.0
94.2
.566
.561
33.39
26.93
27.38
25.35
A ll districts..
82
308
5.3
53.1
45.2
85.1
.629
33.40
28.44
25
GENERAL TABLES
T
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S —Continued
Occupation, district, and State
N um
N um ber
ber
of
wage
of
mines earn
ers
Electricians’ helpers (surface
and underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona...........................
California.......................
Idaho..............................
M ontana........................
Nevada...........................
New M exico..................
South D akota...............
U tah...............................
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
5
8
1
14
2
2
2
6
24
Aver
age
days on
which
em
ployees
worked
in week
Aver Aver
Per
age
age
hours cent of
full
time actual
fuU
time
hours
ly
per
worked worked
week in week
6.3
7.0
5.4
6.0
6.5
6.5
5.7
6.3
49.4
48.0
52.6
48.0
56.0
50.5
56.0
54.3
49.0
58.0
45.1
50.0
52.0
51.0
45.0
51.5
99.2
120.8
85.7
104.2
92.9
101.0
80.4
94.8
Aver
Aver
age
age
full
earn
time
ings
earn
per ings per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$0,538
.601
.569
.594
.563
.488
.469
.572
$26.58
28.85
29.93
28.51
31.53
24.64
26.26
31.06
$26.38
34.86
25.64
29.68
29.25
24.90
21.10
29.47
T otal...........................
17
59
6.0
53.0
49.0
92.5
.555
29.42
27.22
Michigan c o p p e r--.............
1
14
2.7
54.0
26.2
48.5
.367
19.82
9.61
Northern iron—
M ichigan........................
Minnesota......................
3
4
13
8
2.7
5.6
58.5
57.8
25.8
54.8
44.1
94.8
.464
.444
27.14
25.66
11.95
24.34
T otal...........................
7
21
3.8
58.2
36.8
63.2
.452
26.31
16.07
Alabama iron.....................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
1
5
1
9
6.0
5.8
60.0
48.0
51.0
47.2
85.0
98.3
.378
.463
22.68
22.22
19.28
21.84
All districts................
31
104
5.1
53.8
43.4
80.7
.512
27.55
22.18
Engineers, stationary (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona...........................
New M exico....... ..........
South D akota............. .
Utah...............................
1
1
1
1
4
3
10
3
5.3
7.0
6.8
7.0
52.5
56.0
56.0
56.0
39.4
56.0
55.1
56.0
75.0
100.0
98.4
100.0
.794
.646
.681
.656
41.69
36.19
38.14
36.75
31.28
36.19
37.53
36.75
Total...........................
4
20
6.6
55.3
52.2
94.4
.689
38.10
35.96
Michigan copper.................
1
12
5.1
48.0
40.7
84.8
.420
20.16
17.09
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
M innesota.....................
3
1
11
4
4.7
4.0
55.3
60.0
38.7
35.2
70.0
58.7
.569
.499
31.47
29.94
22.03
17.58
T otal......................... .
4
15
4.5
56.5
37.8
66.9
.552
31.19
20.85
Alabama iron.....................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
1
6
2
12
5.5
4.8
60.0
49.8
53.1
37.7
88.5
75.7
.340
.588
20.40
29.28
18.05
22.18
All districts................
16
61
5.4
53.2
43.6
82.0
.579
30.80
25.23
Firemen, stationary (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona...........................
Colorado.........................
Montana........................
Nevada...........................
New M exico..................
South D akota...............
Utah...............................
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
13
3
3
1
3
3
4
6.4
6.7
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.5
49.6
56.0
56.0
52.5
56.0
56.0
52.0
47.9
58.7
56.0
52.5
56.0
56.0
52.0
96.6
104.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.611
.537
. 625
.533
.536
.563
.495
30.31
30.07
35.00
28.00
30.03
31.50
25.75
29.23
31.50
35.00
28.00
30.03
31.50
25.75
Total............................
10
30
6.6
52.6
52.1
99.0
.573
30.14
29.84
Michigan copper.................
6
141
4.4
48.8
35.1
71.9
.397
19.37
13.93
Northern iron—
Michigan.......................
Minnesota....... ..............
4
2
24
4
3.9
6.3
54.5
56.5
33.4
53.0
61.3
93.8
.492
.519
26.81
29.32
16.43
27.53
Total...........................
6
28
4.2
54.8
36.2
66.1
.497
27.24
18.02
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
1
2
3
4
5.0
4.3
72.0
53.5
58.0
36.0
80.6
67.3
.292
.347
21.02
18.56
16.92
12.48
All districts................
25
206
4.7
50.6
38.1
75.3
.441
22.31
16.82
26
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and /Sttate— Continued
able
U N D ER G R O U N D M INES— Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Hoist men (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona............ ..............
Colorado.........................
Idaho........................ .....
M o n ta n a
Nevada______________
N ew M exico..................
South Dakota...... ........
Utah...............................
.....
N um
Num ber
ber
of
of
wage
mines earn
ers
AVbrAver
age
age
days on full
which
time
em
ployees hours
per
worked week
in week
9
64
6.4
53.4
6 California......................
29
6.8
55.6
3
8
6.9
56.0
4
25
6.0
52.8
4
32
5.8
52.3
7
24
6.5
55.6
4
14
6.5
53.3
1
12
6.7
56.0
5
18
6.7
53.8
Aver
Aver Aver
Per
age
age
age
hours cent of earn
full
full
actual
time
ings
time
earn
ly
per
worked worked
ings per
hour
in week
week
49.6
54.6
58.4
49.3
46.6
52.5
51.9
53.3
54.8
92.9
98.2
104.3
93.4
89.1
94.4
97.4
95.2
101.9
$0,735
.689
.635
.695
.750
.697
.621
.580
.624
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$39.25
38.31
35.56
36.70
39.23
38.75
33.10
32.48
33.57
$36.48
37.62
37.07
34.27
34.97
36.62
32.26
30.94
34.18
43
226
6.4
53.9
51.2
95.0
.693
37.35
35.47
6
75
4.7
51.9
41.2
79.4
.406
21.07
16.70
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
M innesota..............
9
12
53
37
4.6
5.0
52.3
66.9
41.3
55.5
79.0
83.0
.557
.452
29.13
30.24
23.04
25.10
Total______ _______
Michigan nnpppr
Total............................
21
90
4.8
58.3
47.2
81.0
.507
29.56
23.88
Alabama ir o n ........... .........
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
25
18
81
5.1
6.0
52.0
48.0
43.8
48.9
84.2
101.9
. 566
.503
29.43
24.14
24.79
24.59
All districts_________
100
490
5.7
53.4
48.3
90.4
.586
31.29
28.28
Hoist men (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona______________
California____________
Colorado_____________
Idaho..... ............ ............
M ontana______ _
_
N evada_____________
N ew M exico....... ..........
U tah.........................
4
6
3
2
3
3
1
6
18
39
8
9
5
8
1
24
6.4
6.1
6.1
4.3
3.2
6.6
6.0
5.6
51.4
50.8
48.0
48.9
49.6
55.1
48.0
49.0
49.9
49.1
48.3
34.9
49.8
52.6
48.0
45.1
97.1
96.7
100.6
71.4
100.4
95.5
100.0
92.0
.760
.601
.672
.568
.649
.645
.500
.545
39.06
30.53
32.26
27.78
32.19
35.54
24.00
26.71
37.95
29.49
32.44
19.82
32.30
33.92
24.00
24.58
.
28
112
5.9
50.4
47.4
94.0
.625
31.50
29.62
Michigan copper_________
2
16
4.6
48.0
37.0
77.1
.418
20.06
15.48
Northern iron—
Michigan.......................
Minnesota_________
1
1
2
2
2.0
2.0
48.0
48.0
15.7
15.7
32.7
32.7
.525
.587
25.20
28.18
8.24
9.22
Total......................
Total..........................
2
4
2.0
48.0
15.7
32.7
.556
26.69
8.73
Alabama iron_____ ____ _
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
12
32
33
3.8
5.3
58.3
48.0
36.8
41.9
63.1
87.3
.392
.380
22.85
18.24
14.42
15.95
All districts..... ..........
49
197
5.3
51.0
43.3
84.9
.538
27.44
23.29
Loading-machine o p e r a t o r s
(underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona..... .....................
Colorado_____________
Idaho________________
Nevada______________
2
3
1
1
11
6
4
6
5.8
6.8
6.0
6.5
48.8
54.3
.48.0
56.0
43.6
54.1
48.0
52.0
89.3
99.6
100.0
92.9
.796
.613
.717
.625
38.84
33.29
34.43
35.00
34.74
33.15
34.43
32.50
Total.................. ........
7
27
6.2
51.5
48.5
94.2
.698
35.95
33.84
Michigan copper____ J___
1
11
4.0
48.0
32.0
66.7
.421
20.21
13.48
Alabama iron....... .......... .
Tri-State lead and zinc___
3
7
46
143
3.0
5.5
59.0
48.0
26.7
43.9
45.3
91.5
.441
.643
26 02
30.86
11.77
28.26
All districts................
18
227
5.0
50.6
40.4
79.8
.616
31.17
24.87
27
GENERAL TABLES
T
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours a?id earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
U N D ER G R O U N D M INES—Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Machinists (surface and under
ground) :
Western mixed ores—
Arizona. ........................
C aliforn ia.-____ _____
Colorado........................
Idaho............................
M ontana............... ........
N evada________ _____
New M e x ic o ............
South D a k ota ..............
U tah...............................
N um
N um ber
ber
of
wage
of
mines earn
ers
9
8
5
4
3
8
3
1
7
81
21
11
23
6
18
9
5’
18
Aver
age
days on
which
em
ployees
worked
in week
i
Aver Aver
Per
age
age
full
hours cent of
full
time actual
hours
time
ly
per
worked worked
week in week
Aver
Aver
age
age
full
earn
time
ings
earn
per
per
hour ings
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.1
5.2
6.3
6.8
6.4
6.3
49.5
50.6
50.2
52.2
48.0
55.8
49.4
56.0
51.6
46.0
48.5
50.0
48.8
42.3
50.6
57.8
52.0
51.3
92.9
95.8
99.6
93.5
88.1
90.7
117.0
92.9
99.4
$0.697
.625
.635
.690
.687
.721
.591
.702
.591
$34.50
31.63
31.88
36.02
32.98
40.23
29.20
39.31
30.50
$32.07
30.32
31.73
33.67
29.10
36.51
34.14
36.50
30.31
48
192
6.0
50.9
48.4
95.1
.670
34.10
32.42
Michigan copper, ...............
6
62
4.4
54.0
39.6
73.3
.423
22.84
16.74
Northern iron—
Michigan........................
Minnesota.....................
7
8
29
11
3.6
5.0
56.8
59.8
34.0
49.6
59.9
82.9
.543
.626
30.84
37.43
18.48
31.06
Total........... ........... .
Total...........................
15
40
4.0
57.7
38.3
66.4
.573
33.06
21.94
Alabama iron.....................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
8
26
41
4.9
5.8
58.5
48.0
47.4
46.0
81.0
95.8
.578
.555
33.81
26.64
27.38
25.48
All d istricts .............
82
361
5.4
52.4
45.4
86.6
.604
31.65
27.42
Machinists’ helpers (surface
and underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona..........................
California____________
Idaho..............................
Montana______ ______
N e v a d a .....................
New M exico_________
South D akota________
Utah................. .............
8
3
3
1
3
2
1
1
17
6
20
1
10
6
5
1
5.4
6.2
6.0
6.0
6.5
6.0
6.4
6.0
49.4
48.7
51.6
48.0
56.0
49.3
56.0
48.0
41.2
52.3
47.1
48.0
•53.4
50.8
50.2
48.0
83.4
107.4
91.3
100.0
95.4
103.0
89.6
100.0
.594
.486
.606
.594
.595
.398
.531
.563
29.34
23.67
31.27
28.50
33.32
19.62
29.74
27.00
24.49
25.44
28.52
28.50
31.78
20.25
26.67
27.00
Total............... ............
26.78
22
66
6.0
51.4
47.6
92.6
.563
28.94
Michigan copper. ........... .
5
27
4.3
54.0
38.8
71.9
.354
19.12
13.72
Northern iron—Minnesota.
Alabama iron.............. ........
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
3
3
15
14
8
4.1
4.9
5.9
59.2
59.1
48.0
40.0
43.8
46.3
67.6
74.1
96.5
.446
.428
.487
26.40
25.29
23.38
17.86
18.77
22.52
All districts..............
38
130
5.3
53.5
44.4
83.0
.493
26.38
21.91
Motorm en (underground):
Western mixed ores—
A r iz o n a ..-....................
California-.....................
Colorado......................
Idaho________________
M ontana____ ________
N evada______________
N ew M exico__________
South Dakota...............
U tah................. .............
8
4
6
3
4
5
1
1
5
184
13
34
46
94
17
8
48
32
5.4
5.2
6.6
5.6
6.0
6.4
6.9
5.9
6.0
48.2
48.3
53.3
48.0
48.0
55.6
56.0
56.0
50.5
40.3
41.9
52.9
45.5
48.0
51.1
57.8
50.7
47.8
83.6
86.7
99.2
94.8
100.0
91.9
103.2
90.5
94.7
.665
.551
.583
.600
.594
.625
.430
.625
.513
32.05
26.61
31.07
28.80
28.50
34.75
24.08
35.00
25.91
26.81
23.12
30.84
27.34
28.50
31.94
24.84
31.67
24.55
T otal...........................
37
476
5.8
49.9
45.5
91.2
.612
30.54
27.87
Michigan copper.................
1
39
4.0
48.0
31.8
66.3
.422
20.26
13.41
28
T
WAGES AND HOUKS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and State— C o n tin u e d
able
U N D ER G R O U N D M IN ES— Continued
Occupation, district, and State
N um
N um ber
ber
of
wage
of
mines earn
ers
M otorm en (underground)—
Continued.
Northern iron—
Michigan
Minnpisnta
__
10
13
69
101
__
Aver Aver
age
age
days on full
which
time
em
hours
ployees per
worked week
in week
Aver
Aver
Aver
age
Per
age
age
hours cent of earn
full
actual
time
full
ings
earn
time
ly
per
worked worked
per
hour ings
in week
week
2.9
3.0
47.5
48.3
24.0
24.6
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
50.5
50.9
$0,565
.534
$26.84
25.79
$13.53
13.12
Total________ ______
23
170
3.0
48.0
24.3
50.6
.547
26.26
13.29
Alabama iron
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
9
37
111
4.2
5.7
59.1
48v0
39.3
44.9
66.5
93.5
.430
.508
25.41
24.38
16.90
22.84
A ll districts_________
Muckers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona__
California. - ............. - *
Colorado_____________
Idaho________________
M ontana_____________
N evada______________
New M exico_________
Smith Dakota ,
U tah...............................
75
833
5.0
49.6
40.2
81.0
.574
28.47
23.06
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
329
357
212
318
491
125
282
98
367
5.8
5.7
5.9
5.4
5.6
6.2
5.7
5.6
5.8
47.7
48.7
50.7
46.3
48.0
54.6
53.8
56.0
49.8
43.2
45.9
47.2
43.6
45.4
48.6
45.4
43.4
46.0
90.6
94.3
93.1
94.2
94.6
89.0
84.4
77.5
92.4
.611
.532
.552
.536
. 669
.589
.374
.530
.472
29.14
25.91
27.99
24.82
33.55
32.16
20.12
29.68
23.51
26.41
24.42
26.01
23.39
31.72
28.62
16.99
23.04
21.72
____
58
2,579
5.7
49.6
45.3
91.3
.553
27.43
25.02
Michigan copper_________
5
508
3.8
48.0
30.7
64.0
.456
21.89
14.00
N orthern iron—
Michigan_____________
M innesota___________
7
4
19
32
3.7
3.7
48.0
48.0
29.5
29.2
61.5
60.8
.530
.566
25.44
27.17
15.64
16.51
T o t a l....
Total_______________
11
51
3.7
48.0
29.3
61.0
.552
26.50
16.19
Alabama iron . . . . . _______
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
25
687
831
3.3
5.4
57.1
48.0
30.6
41.4
53.6
86.3
.365
.447
20.84
21.46
11.18
18.50
All districts_________
104
4,656
5.1
50.2
40.6
80.9
.505
25.35
20.51
Nippers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_______________
California__ _________
Colorado_____________
Idaho________________
M ontana_____________
Nevada_______________
New M exico_______ _
South Dakota________
U tah...............................
6
5
4
3
5
3
1
1
5
42
28
6
21
36
4
4
7
16
5.5
5.4
6.5
5.2
6.0
6.5
5.8
6.0
6.4
47.1
48.3
52.0
48.0
48.4
56.0
48.0
56.0
51.5
41.3
43.4
52.0
41.7
47.8
52.0
46.0
49.0
49.5
87.7
89.9
100.0
86.9
98.8
92.9
95.8
87.5
96.1
.588
.489
.572
.580
.589
.560
.399
.540
.483
27.69
23.62
29.75
27.84
28.51
31.36
19.15
30.24
24.87
24.26
21.22
29.75
24.20
28.15
29.13
18.35
26.46
23.92
Total_______________
33
164
5.7
49.0
45.0
91.8
.551
27.00
24.82
Michigan cop p er._________
Northern iron: M ichigan..
Tri-State lead and zinc.......
2
2
1
20
3
1
3.5
4.3
6.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
28.0
33.3
54.0
58.3
69.4
112.5
.368
.516
.389
17.66
24.77
18.67
10.31
17.21
21.00
A ll districts_________
38
188
5.5
48.8
43.1
88.3
.537
26.21
23.14
Oilers (surface and under
ground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_______________
C alifornia..________
Idaho________________
M ontana_____________
South D akota________
Utah................................
7
3
1
3
1
1
12
7
3
17
10
5
6.2
6.4
4.3
4.7
6.7
6.0
48.6
53.6
48.0
48.0
£6.0
56.0
47.4
52.4
34.7
38.1
55.1
48.0
97.5
97.8
72.3
79.4
98.4
85.7
.566
.533
.600
.590
.548
.436
27.51
28.57
28.80
28.32
30.69
24.42
26.82
27.96
20.79
22.48
30.18
20.91
Total____ ___ ______
16
54
5.7
51.1
45.9
89.8
.552
28.21
25.34
M ichigan c o p p e r ...._____
5
51
4.3
63.1
36.9
69.5
.321
17.05
11.85
29
GENERAL TABLES
T
A , — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupationf district, and State— Continued
able
UN D ER G R O U N D M INES— Continued
Occupation, district, and State
N um
N um ber
ber
of
wage
of
mines earn
ers
Oilers (surface and u n d e r
ground)— Continued.
Northern iron—
Michigan........................
Minnesota......................
3
1
8
1
Aver Aver
age
age
days on full
which
time
em
ployees hours
per
worked week
in week
2.5
4.0
60.0
60.0
Aver
Aver Aver
age
Per
age
age
hours cent of earn
full
actual
full
time
ings
earn
time
ly
per
worked worked
ings per
hour
in week
week
21.7
44.3
36.2
73.8
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$0,424
.575
$25.44
34.50
$9.21
25.48
T otal...........................
4
9
2.7
60.0
24.2
40.3
.455
27.30
11.02
Alabama iron.................. .
Tri-State lead and zinc------
3
5
4
5
5.0
6.2
57.0
48.0
46.5
50.0
81.6
104.2
.271
.392
15.45
18.82
12.59
19.60
A ll districts-...............
33
123
4.9
52.6
40.8
77.6
.443
23.30
18.05
Ore sorters (surface and under
ground):
Western mixed ores—
Colorado.........................
Idaho..............................
Nevada...........................
New M exico..................
6
1
1
4
40
14
4
12
5.2
4.0
7.0
6.1
49.6
48.0
56.0
46.9
43.2
34.9
58.0
47.3
87.1
72.7
103.6
100.9
.500
.500
.563
.378
24.80
24.00
31.53
17.73
21.60
17.43
32.63
17.90
Total...........................
12
70
5.2
49.2
43.1
87.6
.482
23.71
20.76
Pipemen (surface and under
ground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona...........................
California.......... ............
Colorado........................
Idaho..............................
M ontana—....................
Nevada...........................
New M exico--------------South D a k o t a .............
Utah...............................
8
5
2
3
4
4
3
1
6
45
8
3
5
40
6
4
2
48
5.7
6.5
3.3
5.6
6.1
6.5
6.3
7.0
6.4
48.6
51.5
48.0
48.0
48.0
56.0
50.0
56.0
52.3
47.5
51.8
26.7
46.0
49.5
52.0
50.0
56.5
51.4
97.7
100.6
55.6
95.8
103.1
92.9
100.0
100.9
98.3
.637
.554
.650
.618
.648
.636
.436
.625
.526
30.96
28.53
31.20
29.66
31.10
35.62
21.82
35.00
27.51
30.25
28.67
17.33
28.45
32.09
33.08
21.82
35.32
27.05
Total—........ - ..............
36
161
6.1
50.1
49.3
98.4
.595
29.81
29.34
M ichigan copper..................
4
14
4.3
48.4
34.9
72.1
.410
19.84
14.34
Northern iron—
Michigan........................
Minnesota......................
10
9
54
14
3.5
3.1
56.1
52.3
32.2
26.5
57.4
50.7
.514
.528
28.84
27.61
16.55
14.01
Total_________ _____
19
68
3.4
55.3
31.0
56.1
.517
28.59
16.03
Alabama iron........................
Tri-State lead and zinc____
5
3
16
5
3.8
6.2
56.8
48.0
35.2
45.6
62.0
95.0
.379
.467
21.53
22.42
13.34
21.30
All districts................
67
264
5.2
51.7
42.9
83.0
.559
28.90
23.99
Powder men (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona...........................
California................... .
Colorado______ ______
Idaho......................... .
Nevada..........................
New M exico..................
South Dakota...............
Utah................................
7
2
4
1
3
4
1
5
22
4
4
1
5
8
6
8
5.7
5.5
6.3
6.0
7.0
6.4
7.0
6.1
47.4
48.0
52.0
48.0
56.0
51.3
56.0
49.0
43.3
44.0
50.0
48.0
56.0
50.5
56.7
49.0
91.4
91.7
96.2
100.0
100.0
98.4
101.3
100.0
.540
.537
.555
.563
.625
.423
.619
.503
25.60
25.78
28.86
27.00
35.00
21.70
34.66
24.66
23.39
23.63
27.75
27.00
35.00
21.34
35.08
24.66
T o t a l..........................
27
58
6.1
50.1
48.1
96.0
.537
26.90
25.87
Michigan copper..................
1
11
3.7
48.0
29.8
62.1
.465
22.32
13.87
143466°— 33-------3
30
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
Tab l b A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
UNDERGROUND MINES-Continued
Aver
Num age
Num ber days on
of
which
Occupation, district, and State ber
wage em
of
mines earn ployees
ers worked
inweek
Powder men (underground)—
Continued.
Northern iron—
Michigan _____
Minnesota
8
5
13
6
Total........................
13
Alabama iron....................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
4
11
Aver Aver
Aver Aver
Aver
age
Per
age
age
age
age
full
hours cent of earn
full actual
time actual full
time
ings
earn
hours
time
earn ings in
ly
per ings
per worked worked hour
per
week in week
week week
4.1
3.3
48.3
48.0
19
3.8
9
14
4.3
6.1
30.8
26.5
63.8 $0.532 $25.70
56.2
.536 25.73
48.2
29.4
61.0
.533
25.69
15.68
59.3
48.0
39.2
48.4
66.1
100.8
.428
.444
25.38
21.31
16.81
21.50
$16.38
14.18
All districts
56
111
5.3
50.1
42.4
84.6
.510
25.55
21.65
Pump men (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona____________
California____ _ __
Colorado___________
Idaho______________
Montana___________
Nevada____________
New Mexico________
South Dakota_______
Utah...........................
Total_____________
9
6
1
3
4
4
4
1
5
37
37
39
7
16
15
13
13
5
21
166
6.8
6.6
6.4
5.9
6.6
6.5
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.6
52.2
55.7
48.0
53.5
49.6
55.2
55.7
56.0
50.7
53.2
51.4
54.4
51.4
47.8
56.8
51.5
54.5
42.6
51.2
52.2
98.5
97.7
107.1
89.3
114.5
93.3
97.8
76.1
101.0
98.1
.675
.584
.625
.625
.687
.665
.489
.597
.498
.608
35.24
32.53
30.00
33.44
34.08
36.71
27.24
33.43
25.25
32.35
34.73
31.77
32.14
29.84
39.05
34.29
26.68
25.43
25.52
31.73
Michigan copper________
6
82
4.4
49.2
36.5
74.2
.397
19.53
14.49
Northern iron—
Michigan....................
Minnesota-........... ......
Total____ ________
9
13
22
49
42
91
4.6
5.4
5.0
53.7
54.8
54.2
39.7
48.6
43.8
73.9
88.7
80.8
.530
.499
.514
28.46
27.35
27.86
21.05
24.25
22.53
Alabama iron_ ,
„„
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
11
14
18
5.1
6.3
60.0
52.7
50.8
54.7
84.7
103.8
.395
.415
23.70
21.87
20.09
22. 70
81
371
5.6
52.8
46.8
88.6
.530
27.98
24.79
2
1
2
21
5
10
2
58
3.8
1.6
5.5
5.3
48.0
48.0
57.0
48.0
30.4
13.3
50.3
42.3
63.3
27.7
88.2
88.1
.387
.700
.382
.466
18.58
33.60
21.77
22.37
11.77
9.31
19.20
19.71
All districts_______
Roof trimmers (underground) :
Michigan copper...............
Northern iron: Michigan..
Alabama iron....................
Tri-State lead and zinc-----
26
75
4.7
48.2
37.8
78.4
.470
22.65
17.78
Skippers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona____________
California___________
Colorado___________
Idaho___ _________ _
Montana___________
Nevada____________
South Dakota_______
Utah...........................
Total_____________
8
8
2
1
3
6
1
2
31
24
37
6
5
40
11
6
6
135
5.5
6.5
5.3
6.0
5.8
6.6
5.0
6.6
5.9
48.9
51.9
49.3
48.0
48.4
54.4
56.0
48.0
50.3
41.3
52.6
41.8
48.0
47.2
52.1
39.7
44.0
47.3
84.5
101.3
84.8
100.0
97.5
95.8
70.9
91.7
94.0
.641
.576
.668
.594
.640
.643
.594
.483
.612
31.34
29.89
32.93
28.50
30.98
34.98.
33.26
23.18
30.78
26.47
30.30
27.94
28.50
30.15
33.51
23.56
21.25
28.96
All districts_______
Michigan copper________
2
29
4.0
48.0
31.7
66.0
.398
19.10
12.62
Northern iron—
Michigan..
Minnesota...................
Total........
8
13
21
28
24
52
2.7
4.1
3.4
48.0
49.3
48.6
22.3
32.9
27.2
46.5
66.7
56.0
.535
.551
.544
25.68
27.16
26.44
11.95
18.13
14.80
Alabama iron ___
Tri-State lead and zinc-----
4
5
9
17
4.4
6.2
58.2
48.0
43.3
49.5
74.4
103.1
.334
.506
19.44
24.29
14.45
25.05
All districts___ ____
63
242
5.1
49.8
41.1
82.5
.563
28.04
23.15
31
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
UNDERGROUND MINES—Continued
Aver
Num age
Num ber days on
which
of
Occupation, district, and State ber
of
wage em
mines earn ployees
ers worked
inweek
Aver Aver
Aver Aver
Per
age
age
age
age
full hours cent of earn
full
time actual full
time
ings
earn
time
hours
ly
per ings
per worked worked hour
per
week in week
week
Station men (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Idaho..........................
Montana.....................
New Mexico...............
2
4
1
9
62
6
6.0
6.0
7.0
48.0
48.0
56.0
48.0
48.0
57.5
100.0 $0,583 $28.00
100.0
.596 28.60
.405 22.68
102.7
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$28.00
28.60
23.29
Total........................
7
77
6.1
48.6
48.7
100.2
.577
28.04
28.11
Northern iron—
Michigan.....................
Minnesota...................
1
3
4
7
2.0
3.0
48.0
48.0
15.7
26.7
32.7
55.6
.525
.484
25.20
23.23
8.24
12.91
11.21
Total........................
4
11
2.6
48.0
22.7
47. •
.494
23.71
Alabama iron....................
1
47
2.7
60.0
22.6
37.7
.546
32.76
12.37
All districts..............
12
135
4.6
52.5
37.5
71.4
.566
29.72
21.25
Timber framers (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.......................
California....... ............
Colorado.... .................
Idaho..........................
Nevada.......................
New Mexico................
South Dakota.............
Utah...........................
6
6
2
4
3
3
1
3
12
8
2
21
6
7
7
5
5.5
6.5
6.0
5.7
5.8
6.4
5.9
6.2
50.0
52.4
50.3
48.0
56.0
50.6
56.0
49.6
43.2
54.4
44.8
46.1
46.7
51.1
46.4
49.6
86.4
103.8
89.1
96.0
83.4
101.0
82.9
100.0
.609
.569
.679
.536
.636
.580
.645
.474
30.45
29.82
34.15
25.73
35.62
29.35
36.12
23.50
26.33
30.96
30.38
24.70
29.67
29.64
29.92
23.50
Total........................
28
68
5.9
50.8
47.4
93.3
.576
29.26
27.29
Northern iron—
Michigan.....................
Minnesota_____ _____
7
7
33
18
2.7
4.1
58.8
60.0
26.1
39.4
44.4
65.7
.444
.443
26.11
26.58
11.60
17.45
Total—.......- ....... —
14
51
3.2
59.2
30.8
52.0
.443
26.23
13.66
All districts... ..........
42
119
4.7
54.4
40.3
74.1
.532
28.94
21.45
Timbermen (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.......................
California....... ............
Colorado.....................
Idaho...........................
Montana.....................
Nevada... .........-.........
New Mexico................
South Dakota.............
Utah...........................
9
7
10
4
5
7
4
1
6
376
117
89
262
556
42
71
29
123
5.5
6.1
5.8
5.3
5.6
6.2
6.3
6.8
5.9
49.5
49.1
50.7
47.2
48.0
55.1
51.5
56.0
51.3
41.0
49.0
46.2
42.9
45.3
48.6
50.0
56.7
47.4
82.8
99.8
91.1
90.9
94.4
88.2
97.1
101.3
92.4
.736
.617
.622
.554
.721
.652
.517
.624
.504
36.43
30.29
31.54
26.15
34.61
35.93
26.63
34.94
25.86
30.22
30.22
28.73
23.78
32.68
31.66
25.84
35.38
23.90
63 1,665
5.7
49.1
44.9
91.4
.655
32.16
29.42
Michigan copper...............
6
834
3.8
48.0
30.7
64.0
.446
21.41
13.71
Northern iron—
Michigan.....................
Minnesota...................
10
11
138
270
3.0
2.6
47.8
48.1
24.0
21.2
50.2
44.1
.591
.629
28.25
30.25
14.19
13.35
Total........................
21
408
2.7
48.0
22.2
46.3
.615
29.52
13.63
Alabama iron....................
Tri-State lead and zinc-----
5
1
17
2
6.5
2.0
57.3
48.0
36.6
16.0
63.9
33.3
.415
.375
23.78
18.00
15.16
6.00
86 2,926
4.7
48.7
37.6
77.2
.602
29.32
22.64
Total........................
All districts..............
32
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
T a b le A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupation, district, and /State— Continued
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S —Continued
Aver
Num age
Num ber days on
which
of
Occupation, district, and State ber
wage em
of
earn
ployees
mines
ers worked
in week
Timbermen’s helpers (under
ground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.......................
California....................
Colorado.....................
Idaho..........................
Nevada.......................
New Mexico...... ........
South Dakota.......... ..
Utah...........................
6
3
6
4
3
1
1
4
120
24
35
193
9
7
8
60
5.7
6.2
6.0
5.3
6.1
5.6
6.9
5.6
Aver Aver
Aver Aver
Aver
age
Per
age
age
age
age
full actual
full hours cent of earn
time actual full
time
earn
ings
time
earn ings in
hours
ly
per ings
per worked worked hour
per
week inweek
week week
50.4
50.5
49.9
46.8
56.0
45.0
56.0
51.3
42.5
49.7
48.3
42.3
48.9
41.8
56.6
45.0
84.3 $0,547 $27.57
98.4
.563 28.43
96.8
.534 26.65
90.4
.561 26.25
87.3
.591 33.10
92.9
.538 24.21
101.1
.531 29.74
87.7
.451 23.14
$23.25
27.98
25.75
23.75
28.88
22.46
30.08
20.30
Total........................
28
456
5.6
49.1
43.9
89.4
.540
26.51
23.74
Michigan copper____ ____
1
10
5.9
48.0
47.2
98.3
.394
18.91
18.61
Northern iron—
Michigan.....................
Minnesota...................
Total........................
3
1
4
41
2
43
2.0
3.0
2.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
16.0
30.0
16.6
33.3
62.5
34.6
.524
.420
.515
25.15
20.16
24.72
8.37
12.60
8.57
Alabama iron___________
5
98
3.2
59.2
29.8
50.3
.332
19.65
9.89
78.7
.512
25.91
20.34
All districts..............
38
607
5.0
50.6
39.8
Tool dressers (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.......................
California............ .......
Colorado______ _____
Idaho________ _____
Montana______ _____
Nevada.....................
New Mexico...............
South Dakota........ .
Utah...........................
Total_____________
7
7
5
3
1
3
3
1
4
34
29
20
9
8
1
4
4
12
10
97
5.1
5.5
6.3
5.3
7.0
7.0
5.0
5.5
5.4
5.5
47.9
49.4
52.4
46.0
56.0
56.0
50.0
56.0
52.0
50.4
40.0
44.9
51.4
42.0
56.0
56.0
40.0
45.3
43.2
44.1
83.5
90.9
98.1
91.3
100.0
100.0
80.0
80.9
83.1
87.5
.722
.614
.593
.632
.594
.697
.5*7
.594
.571
.638
34.58
30.33
31 34
29 07
33.25
39 03
27.35
33 26
29 69
32.16
28.90
27.55
30.78
26.55
33 25
39 03
21.89
26.92
24.65
28.09
Michigan copper...............
Northern iron: Michigan..
Alabama iron...... .............
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
3
1
3
51
6
1
3
4.0
5.2
4.0
5.3
54.0
56.7
60.0
48.0
36.4
50.0
40.0
41.3
67.4
88.2
66.7
86.0
.360
.522
.600
.594
19 44
29 60
36.00
28.51
13.09
26.08
24.00
24.55
All districts_______
46
158
5.0
51.8
41.7
80.5
.553
28.65
23.08
Topmen (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.....................
California___________
Colorado.....................
Idaho_______ ______
Montana_______ ____
Nevada____________
New Mexico............
South Dakota..........
Utah...........................
Total_____________
9
8
7
3
4
6
4
1
3
45
117
44
62
22
27
20
29
6
11
338
5.5
6.2
6.1
5.0
5.9
5.1
6.3
7.0
6.4
5.8
49.8
51.6
54.3
47.6
48.3
55.1
53.5
56.0
51.6
51.4
44.8
50.7
50.9
40.1
47.6
42.0
52.8
55.0
50.7
47.5
90.0
98.3
93.7
84.2
98.6
76.2
98.7
98.2
98.3
92.4
.355
.510
.547
.503
.529
.525
.337
.479
.436
.449
17.68
26.32
29.70
23.94
25.55
28.93
18.03
26.82
22.50
23.08
15.93
25.85
27.81
20.19
25.16
22.02
17.81
26.37
22.11
21.32
Michigan copper________
6
128
4.4
54.0
39.7
73.5
.359
19.39
14.27
Northern iron—
Michigan___________
Minnesota- ________
TotaL.......................
10
12
22
101
90
191
3.1
4.3
3.7
58.3
60.0
59.1
30.0
41.5
35.4
51.5
69.2
59.9
.414
.411
.412
24.14
24.66
24.35
12.44
17.06
14.61
Alabama iron...................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
5
3
148
10
3.4
4.2
58.7
49.2
30.6
33.6
52.1
68.3
.264
.277
15.50
13.63
8.07
9.32
All districts™______
81
815
4.6
54.9
40.2
73.2
.400
21.96
16.09
33
GENERAL TABLES
T
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked} 1931, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S -C on tin u e d
Occupation, district, and State
Aver Aver
Num
age
age
Num ber days on full
which
ber
of
time
em
wage
of
hours
mines earn ployees
per
ers worked week
in week
Trackmen (underground):
Western mixed ores —
Arizona_________ ___
California____________
Colorado_____________
Idaho_________________
M ontana......
N eva d a .._____________
N ew M exico__________
South Dakota________
U tah...............................
8
3
6
4
3
3
1
1
6
40
4
9
6
26
3
4
9
18
Total............................
35
119
4
26
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
Minnesota...................
8
5
14
28
Total............................
13
42
.........
Michigan pnppftr
__
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc___
Aver
Aver
Aver
age
age
Per
age
full
hours cent of
earn
time
actual
full
ings
earn
time
ly
per
worked worked
per
hour ings
in week
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
89.8
94.5
90.2
94.2
101.9
90.7
92.9
91.8
103.0
$0,630
.586
.594
.615
.663
.722
.456
.610
.516
$30.18
28.71
32.19
28.72
31.82
39.57
25.54
34.16
25.44
$27.07
27.12
29.03
27.04
32.46
35.84
23.73
31.36
26.22
47.2
95.0
.608
30.22
28.70
33.5
69.8
.404
19.39
13.53
47,4
48.0
20.4
20.7
43.0
43.1
.636
.543
30.15
26.06
13.00
11.24
2.5
47.8
20.6
43.1
.574
27.44
11.83
36.4
42.5
62.0
88.5
.454
.479
26.65
22.99
16.51
20.33
47.9
49.0
54.2
46.7
48.0
54.8
56.0
56.0
49.3
43.0
46.3
48.9
44.0
48.9
49.7
52.0
51.4
50.8
6.0
49.7
4.1
48.0
2.6
2.5
5.8
5.8
6.1
5.5
6.1
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.2
5
21
20
148
T o"
5.3
58.7
48.0
78~
355
5.1
49.1
40.5
82.5
.529
25.97
21.42
Trackmen’s helpers (under
ground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_______________
California____________
Colorado_____________
Idaho________________
Nevada_______________
N ew Mexico__________
South Dakota________
U tah................................
5
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
19
2
1
5
3
2
6
9
5.6
6.0
7.0
5.2
6.0
7.0
6.5
5.4
48.4
50.0
56.0
48.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
52.4
41.7
48.5
56.0
42.4
48.0
64.0
52.3
44.9
86.2
97.0
100.0
88.3
85.7
114.3
93.4
85.7
.532
.516
.563
.555
.563
.369
.531
.455
25.75
25.80
31.50
26.64
31.53
20.66
29.74
23.84
22.18
25.05
31.50
23.55
27.00
23.61
27.80
20.40
Total_______________
17
47
5.8
51.1
45.7
89.4
.512
26.16
23.39
Michigan copper....... .........
Northern iron: M ich iga n ...
Alabama iron_____________
Tri-State lead and zinc___
1
1
5
3
1
11
132
5
6.0
2.2
2.9
5.8
48.0
48.0
59.6
48.0
48.0
17.2
26.1
46.4
100.0
35.8
43.8
96.7
.375
.475
.347
.357
18.00
22.80
20.68
17.14
18.00
8.16
9.07
16.55
All districts_________
27
196
3.6
56.5
30.9
54.7
.410
23.17
12. 69
Trammers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona______________
California____________
Colorado_____________
Idaho________________
M ontana_____________
Nevada_______________
New M exico__________
Utah................................
3
6
6
3
5
3
5
4
29
72
53
23
213
21
49
23
6.1
6.0
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.7
5.7
6.0
49.4
50.2
50.7
47.3
48.1
55.2
49.0
48.0
46.0
49.5
45.4
46.6
48.0
53.0
44.8
47.7
93.1
98.6
89.5
98.5
99.8
96.0
91.4
99.4
.555
.546
.572
.531
.595
.590
.392
.471
27.42
27.41
29.00
25.12
28.62
32.57
19.21
22.61
25.57
27.02
25.97
24.76
28.57
31.25
17.58
22.46
Total............................
35
483
6.0
49.1
47.6
96.9
.554
27.20
26.40
89.2
.407
19.54
17.43
62.7
61.3
.517
.499
24.82
24.40
15.55
14.98
15.23
All districts............
Michigan copper_________
2
65
5.3
48.0
42.8
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
Minnesota____________
3
8
21
27
3.8
3.6
48.0
48.9
30.1
30.0
T otal...........................
11
48
3.7
48.5
30.1
62.1
.507
24.59
Tri-State lead and zinc........
13
39
5.7
48.0
45.8
95.4
.332
15.94
15.23
A ll districts................
61
635
5.7
48.9
45.7
93.5 1
.524
25.62
23.96
34
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S — Continued
Occupation, district, and State
T rip riders (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona______________
..................... Colorado_____________
N e v a d a ______________
New Mexico__________
South D a k ota .. _____
U tah...............................
Total____ - _________
N um
N um ber
ber
of
of
wage
mines earn
ers
Aver Aver
Aver
Aver A ver
age
Per
age
age
age
days on full
age
hours
cent
of
full
which
earn
full
time actual
time
em
ings
earn
time
ly
ployees hours
per
per
worked worked
worked week
hour ings per
in
week
week
in week
8
171
5.4
3 California
7
6.0
1
8
6.5
3
47
5.7
4
11
6.5
1
8
6.9
1
5
6.0
3
21
4.0
24
278
5.5
48.5
48.0
48.0
48.0
55.4
56.0
56.0
54.1
83.3
100.6
108.3
96.0
94.2
99.1
82.5
60.6
85.6
$0,600
.532
.500
.545
.586
.407
.500
.452
$29.10
25.54
24.00
26.16
32.46
22.79
28.00
24.45
49.4
40.4
48.3
52.0
46.1
52.2
55.5
46.2
32.8
42.3
.566
27.96
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$24.22
25.68
26.00
25.17
30.62
22.57
23.10
14.81
23.94
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
Minnesota____________
Total............................
2
7
9
42
21
63
2.5
5.1
3.4
48.0
52.5
49.5
21.4
45.4
29.4
44.6
86.5
59.4
.525
.504
.514
25.20
26.46
25.44
11.25
22.86
Alabama iron_____________
Tri-State lead and zinc........
4
8
27
49
3.8
5.2
59.3
48.0
36.1
39.7
60.9
82.7
.346
.482
20.52
23.14
12.49
19.15
A ll districts_________
45
417
5.0
49.9
39.7
79.6
.537
26.80
21.30
T otal...........................
7
5
2
1
2
3
2
1
4
27
13
5
4
1
2
7
2
3
8
45
5.7
6.2
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.5
7.0
6.3
6.3
48.0
53.4
52.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
52.0
56.0
51.0
52.0
43.1
54.0
57.8
108.0
56.0
55.9
54.0
56.3
49.8
52.2
89.8
101.1
111.2
192.9
100.0
99.8
103.8
100.5
97.6
100.4
.572
.525
.525
.542
.547
.638
.449
.511
.583
.562
27.46
28.04
27.30
30.35
30.63
35.73
23. 35
28.62
29.73
29.22
24.67
28.33
30.31
58.51
30.63
35.65
24.24
28.76
29.00
29.33
M ichigan copper_________
5
12
4.9
54.0
48.3
89.4
.360
19.44
17.39
Minnesota......................
8
8
25
12
4.1
4.8
59.0
59.8
37.5
45.4
Total............................
37
4.3
59.2
40.1
63.6
75.9
67.7
.456
.451
16
.454
26.90
26.97
26.88
17.11
20.48
18.20
Alabama iron_____________
Tri-State lead and zinc___
3
8
7
14
5.0
5.2
59.1
48.0
47.3
40.0
80.0
83.3
.358
.437
21.16
20.98
16.93
17.46
A ll districts_________
59
115
5.3
54.5
46.1
84.6
.484
26.38
22.30
72
12
8
21
4
3
24
14
158
6.2
6.9
6.0
5.7
7.0
6.3
6.8
6.9
52.8
58.3
49.0
53.0
56.0
56.0
56.0
55.4
48.0
57.5
48.0
45.3
56.0
50.7
56.8
55.4
90.9
98.6
98.0
85.5
100.0
90.5
101.4
100.0
.542
.506
.571
.500
.578
.409
.512
.496
28.62
29.50
27.98
26.50
32.38
22.90
28.67
27.50
26.03
29.08
27.40
22.67
32.38
20.70
29.11
27.50
Total_______________
8
6
3
4
2
2
1
5
31
6.3
53.9
50.6
93.9
.524
28.24
26.54
M ichigan copper_________
6
29
4.9
64.9
42.4
65.3
.377
24.47
15.98
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
Minnesota......................
T otal............................
6
5
11
11
12
23
5.3
4.3
49.4
41.2
45.1
86.1
60.1
71.4
.556
.402
.483
31.91
27.54
4.7
57.4
68.5
63.2
30.53
27.49
16.53
21.77
Alabama iron.......................
Tri-State lead and zinc-----
5
15
11
24
5.8
6.0
67.1
69.1
61.0
63.0
90.9
91.2
.291
.284
19.53
19.62
17.77
17.90
A ll districts................
68
245
6.0
58.2
50.8
87.3
.464
27.00
23.60
Truck operators (surface):
Western mixed ores—
__
Arizona
..
California____________
Colorado_____________
Idaho________________
M ontana_____________
Nevada_______________
N ew Mexico__________
South Dakota________
U tah................................
Northern iron—
Michigan ___ _
W atchmen (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_______________
California____________
Idaho_________________
M ontana_____________
Nevada - ___________
New Mexico__________
South Dakota________
U tah...............................
15.12
35
GENERAL TABLES
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
U N D E R G R O U N D M IN E S —Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Other employees (surface and
underground):
Western mixed ores—
Aver Aver Aver
Aver Aver
N um
age
Per
age
age
N um ber days on age
age
full
hours
cent
of
full
earn
of
ber
which
full
time
time
actualem
ings
of
wage
hours
earn
time
per ings
mines earn ployees
per
worked worked hour
per
ers worked week in week
week
in week
South D akota________
Utah................................
9
8
8
3
5
8
5
1
8
670
117
44
90
81
100
49
48
65
California____________
,
Montana
Nevada_______________
5.8
6.5
6.1
5.3
5.4
6.5
6.4
6.1
6.0
49.9
52.2
51.4
48.1
48.1
55.9
52.2
56.0
49.7
44.2
52.4
49.9
43.0
43.1
52.3
52.5
48.9
48.9
88.6
100.4
97.1
89.4
89.6
93.6
100.6
87.3
98.4
$0,678
.695
.550
.687
.656
.690
.569
.561
.617
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
$33.83
36.28
28.27
33.04
31.55
38.57
29.70
31.42
30.66
$29.94
36.39
27.47
29.55
28.28
36.09
29.83
27.41
30.17
T otal............................
55
1,264
5.9
50.7
46.4
91.5
.662
33.56
30.72
Michigan copper__________
6
353
4.2
50.6
35.8
70.8
.434
21.96
15.54
Northern iron—
Michigan____ _ ..
Minnesota____________
8
12
146
92
3.3
3.4
57.1
56.8
31.7
30.7
55.5
54.0
.502
.564
28.66
32.04
15.88
17.32
Total............................
20
238
3.3
57.0
31.3
54.9
.525
29.93
16.43
Alabama iron_____________
Tri-State lead and zinc-----
5
25
84
163
4.8
5.7
58.6
48.0
46.1
45.9
78.7
95.6
.371
.424
21.74
20.35
17.13
19.46
A ll districts................
111
2,102
5.3
51.5
42.8
83.1
.587
30.23
25.14
All employees (underground
mines):
Western mixed ores—
A riz o n a ,-___ - _____
California____________
Colorado___ _________
Idaho_________________
M ontana_____________
Nevada_______________
N ew M exico— _______
South Dakota________
U tah...............................
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
3,969
1,688
983
1,621
2,495
790
854
936
1,440
5.7
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.7
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.9
48.8
50.2
51.7
47.5
48.2
55.4
52.5
56.0
50.7
43.8
48.4
48.4
44.0
46.0
50.2
48.1
46.9
46.9
89.8
96.4
93.6
92.6
95.4
90.6
91.6
83.8
92.5
.679
.593
.597
.581
.681
.655
.443
.674
.521
33.14
29.77
30.86
27.60
32.82
36.29
26.26
37.74
26.41
29.76
28.74
28.86
25.59
31.33
32.85
21.32
31.60
24.43
5.8
50.1
46.1
92.0
.622
31.16
28.66
Michigan copper__ _______
6
3,734
4.1
49.4
33.7
68.2
.443
21.88
14.94
Northern iron—
Michigan_____________
Minnesota____________
10
13
2,244
2,028
3.3
3.6
50.8
51.1
28.3
30.6
55.7
59.9
.602
.606
30.58
30.97
17.04
18.52
Total............................
23
4,272
3.5
50.9
29.4
57.8
.604
30.74
17.74
Alabama iron........................
Tri-State lead and zinc-----
5
25
1,971
3,014
3.4
5.5
58.3
48.2
31.4
43.3
53.9
89.9
.385
.477
22.45
22.99
12.08
20.66
117 27,767
5.0
50.5
40.5
80.2
.570
28.79
23.09
Total...........................
A ll districts................
58 14,776
O P E N -P IT M IN E S
Blacksmiths:
Western mixed ores.............
Northern iron.......................
Alabama iron........................
3
16
3
12
41
3
6.0
4.4
5.7
56.0
59.1
60.0
53.0
43.1
56.3
94.6
72.9
93.8
$0,657
.611
.316
$36.79
36.11
18.96
$34.84
26.34
17.81
A ll districts.................
22
56
4.8
58.5
45.9
78.5
.603
35.28
27.70
36
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation district, and State— Continued
able
OPEN-PIT MINES—Continued
N um
N um ber
ber
of
Occupation, district, and State
of
wage
mines earn
ers
Aver
Aver A ver
age
Per
age
age
days on full
hours cent of
which
full
actual
time
em
time
ly
ployees hours
per
worked worked
worked
in week
in week week
Aver Aver
age
age
full
earn
time
ings
earn
per
hour ings per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
Blacksmiths’ helpers:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
3
10
16
27
6.4
5.0
56.0
57.8
52.1
48.3
93.0
83.6
$0,519
.446
$29.06
25.78
$27.02
21.63
All districts...
13
43
5.6
57.1
49.7
87.0
.475
27.12
23.57
Carpenters:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
Alabama iron............
3
14
3
18
33
6
7.0
4.7
5.2
56.0
59.6
60.0
56.2
46.2
50.5
100.4
77.5
84.2
.684
.579
.300
38.30
34.51
18.00
38.42
26.78
15.18
A ll districts.
20
57
5.5
58.5
49.8
85.1
.587
34.34
29.23
Carpenters* helpers:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
Alabama iron............
3
4
1
29
8
5
6.7
5.5
3.6
56.0
55.5
60.0
63.6
52.0
33.4
95.7
93.7
55.7
.587
.518
.254
32.87
28.75
15.24
31.47
26.91
8.47
A ll districts.............
8
42
6.1
56.4
50.9
90.2
.547
30.85
27.87
Drillers, hand: Northern iron..
7
26
5.4
60.0
54.4
90.7
.464
27.84
25.26
3
14
1
75
105
1
6.5
5.0
3.0
56.0
60.0
60.0
56.3
49.4
30.0
100.5
82.3
50.0
.583
.481
.560
32.65
28.86
33.00
32.83
23.74
16.50
18
181
5.6
58.3
52.2
89.5
.526
30.67
27.47
3
12
68
33
6.0
3.7
56.0
60.0
53.0
37.3
94.6
62.2
.525
.452
29.40
27.12
27.84
16.88
Drilling-machine operators:
Western mixed ores.........
Northern iron...................
Alabama iron.................. .
A ll districts..
Drilling-machine operators’
helpers:
Western mixed ores...........
Northern iron.....................
A ll districts..
15
101
5.2
57.3
47.9
83.6
.507
29.05
24.26
Dumpers:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
Alabama iron............
1
13
2
4
58
6
6.8
4.7
4.5
56.0
60.0
60.0
54.0
46.8
44.8
96.4
78.0
74.7
.313
.427
.201
17.53
25.62
12.06
16.88
19.96
9.03
A ll districts.
16
68
4.8
59.8
47.0
78.6
.400
23.92
18.81
Electricians:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
3
14
23
55
6.7
5.0
56.0
59.1
52.5
48.9
93.8
82.7
.861
.543
48.22
32.09
45.25
26.55
A ll districts..
17
78
5.5
58.2
50.0
85.9
.641
37.31
32.06
Laborers:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
Alabama iron.............
2
12
3
238
134
51
6.1
4.7
3.3
56.0
58.9
60.0
49.2
45.6
31.9
87.9
77.4
53.2
.377
.429
.208
21.11
25.27
12.48
18.55
19:57
6.62
423
5.3
57.4
46.0
80.1
.379
21.75
17.43
75
146
13
6.6
5.0
4.6
56.0
60.0
60.0
54.7
51.9
42.3
97.7
86.5
70.5
.679
.694
.296
38.02
41.64
17.76
37.14
35.97
12.52
A ll districts.
17
Locom otive engineers:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
Alabama iron.............
3
16
3
.
All districts.
22
234
5.5
58.7
52.2
88.9
.671
39.39
35.04
Locom otive firemen:
Western mixed ores..
Northern iron............
Alabama iron.............
3
13
3
57
162
11
6.3
4.5
4.5
56.0
58.3
60.0
52.6
46.5
42.2
93.9
79.8
70.3
.525
.490
.211
29.40
28.57
12.66
27.60
22.82
8.90
A ll districts..
19
230
5.0
57.8
47.8
82.7
.488
28.21
23.34
37
GENERAL TABLES
T
A*— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1981, by occupation} district, and State— Continued
able
O P E N -P IT M IN E S —Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Machinists:
Western miYPd orfts
____________
Alqhfyma iron ..__ _
r
A ver Aver Aver
N um
Aver Aver
age
age
Per
age
N um ber days on age
age
full
hours cent of earn
full
ber
of
which
time
actual
full
time
of
em
ings
wage
earn
time
ly
per ings per
mines earn ployees hours worked
worked hour
per
ers
worked week in week
week:
in week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
3
46
6.4
iron
15 Northern
77
4.3
2
2
6.5
56.0
59.4
60.0
51.6
41.7
65.0
92.1
70.2
108.3
$0.676
.598
.520
$37.86
35.52
31.20
$34.85
24.92
33.83
All districts........................
20
125
5.1
58.1
45.7
78.7
.628
36.49
28.71
Machinists’ helpers:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama iron
2
7
1
30
18
1
6.7
4.3
4.0
56.0
58.7
60.0
54.1
41.0
34.0
96.6
69.8
56.7
.625
.490
.260
29.40
28.76
15.60
28.43
20.08
8.83
districts.*....................
10
49
5.8
57.1
48.9
85.6
.511
29.18
24.96
1
8
6.8
12 Northern
iron
39
4.6
56.0
61.2
40.0
49.6
71.4
81.0
.524
.470
29.34
28.76
20.97
23.32
ah
Oilers:
Western mixed ores_______
____________
A ll districts.......................
13
47
5.0
60.3
48.0
79.6
.478
28.82
22.92
Pipemen:
Western mixed ores
Northern iron____________
2
8
5
19
6.8
5.4
56.0
58.1
55.8
52.9
99.6
91.0
.712
.491
39.87
28.53
39.74
25.96
All districts______ ______
10
24
5.7
57.7
53.5
92.7
. 539
31.10
28.83
Pitmen:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Aia.hfl.mfl. iron_____________
3
16
3
55
102
14
6.4
4.3
5.2
56.0
60.0
60.0
51.9
42.8
52.0
92.7
71.3
86.7
.410
.472
.203
22.96
28.32
12.18
21.26
20.21
10.56
A ll districts_____________
22
171
5.0
58.7
46.5
79.2
.425
24.95
19.76
Pumpmen:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama iro n .............
2
12
1
3
33
1
7.0
5.3
6.0
56.0
59.5
60.0
57.0
51.9
60.0
101.8
87.2
100.0
.541
.542
.350
30.30
32.25
21.00
30.83
28.13
21.00
districts.......................
15
37
5.4
59.2
52.5
88.7
.536
31.73
28.16
Repairmen:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
3
14
67
101
6.3
4.3
56.0
58.8
51.3
38.6
91.6
65.6
.506
.507
28.24
29.81
25.98
19.61
ah
A ll districts_____________
17
168
5.1
57.7
43.7
75.7
.507
29.25
22.15
Shot firers:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
2
13
23
19
6.7
5.0
56.0
60.0
56.2
50.2
100.4
83.7
.460
.569
25.76
34.14
25.88
28.59
A ll districts.......................
15
42
5.9
57.8
53.5
92.6
.507
29.30
27.11
Shovel cranemen;
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama iron_____________
3
11
1
30
27
5
6.8
4.6
4.8
56.0
60.0
60.0
54.7
44.9
47.0
97.7
74.8
78.3
.674
.732
.450
37.74
43.92
27.00
36.86
32.88
21.15
All districts_____________
15
62
5.7
58.1
49.8
85.7
.680
39.51
33.86
Shovel engineers:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama iron_____________
All districts_____________
3
15
2
19
56
4
6.9
5.1
4.3
56.0
60.0
60.0
55.2
50.6
40.5
.887
1.000
.358
49.67
60.00
21.48
48.94
50.61
14.49
20
79
5.5
59.0
51.2
98.6
84.3
67.5
86.8
.945
55.76
48.38
Shovel firemen:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iro n .___________
Alabama iron..... ......... ...
2
U
3
16
41
10
5.9
4.4
4.3
56.0
65.1
60.0
47.0
47.8
41.1
83.9
73.4
68.5
30.24
31.38
14.16
25.37
23.08
9.71
A ll districts_____________
16
67
4.8
62.2
46.6
74.9
.540
.482
.236
.464
28.86
21.63
38
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
A*— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1931, by occupation, district, and State— Continued
able
O P E N -P IT M IN E S— Continued
Occupation, district, and State
N um
Num ber
ber
of
of
wage
mines earn
ers
Aver
Aver
age
days on age
full
which
time
em
hours
ployees
per
worked
in week week
Aver
Aver Aver
age
Per
age
age
hours cent of
full
earn
full
actual
time
ings
time
earn
ly
per
worked worked
ings per
hour
in week
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings in
week
Switchmen:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama i r o n .
3
8
1
117
24
1
5.7
5.4
6.0
56.0
60.0
60.0
46.0
54.1
60.0
82.1
90.2
100.0
$0,460
.434
.200
$25.76
26.04
12.00
$21.12
23.49
12.00
A ll districts________ ____
12
142
5.6
56.7
47.4
83.6
.452
25.63
21.46
Trackmen:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron________ ___
irrrn , „ _ .
2
16
3
348
509
17
5.6
4.5
2.7
56.0
60.0
60.0
47.3
44.8
24.5
84.5
74.7
40.8
.370
.420
.233
20.72
25.20
13.98
17.54
18.82
5.69
All districts.....................
21
874
4.9
58.4
45.4
77.7
.397
23.18
18.05
T rip riders:
Western mixed ores. _____
Northern iron____________
2
16
69
121
6.5
4.5
56.0
60.0
53.2
45.6
95.0
76.0
.543
.487
30.41
29.22
28.92
22.19
A ll districts_____________
18
190
5.2
58.5
48.4
82.7
.509
29.78
24.64
Truck operators:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama iron_____________
2
12
1
7
25
1
7.0
4.8
6.0
56.0
58.1
60.0
56.3
46.0
60.0
100.5
79.2
100.0
.570
.462
.200
31.92
26.84
12.00
32.06
21.27
12.00
A ll districts_____________
15
33
5.3
57.7
48.6
84.2
.479
27.64
23.28
Watchmen:
Western mixed ores__ ____
Northern iron____________
Alabama iron_____________
A ll districts.......................
3
12
3
18
27
35
3
65
5.9
4.4
7.0
5.1
56.0
69.8
74.7
64.3
56.7
48.3
76.7
53.1
101.3
69.2
102.7
82.6
.470
.453
.211
.444
26.32
31.62
15.76
28.55
26.64
21.85
16.20
23.58
Other employees:
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama iron.......................
A ll districts_____________
3
16
2
21
233
475
6
714
6.5
4.9
5.0
5.4
56.1
59.6
60.0
58.5
54.1
49.6
49.2
51.1
96.4
83.2
82.0
87.4
.591
.531
.261
.550
33.16
31.65
15.66
32.18
31.99
26.34
12.81
28.07
1,718
2,549
161
6.2
4.7
4.1
56.0
59.8
60.3
51.2
46.8
39.7
91.4
78.3
65.8
.506
.513
.251
28.34
30.68
15.14
25.91
23.99
9.99
All districts_____________
3
16
3
22
4,428
5.2
58.4
48.3
82.7
.502
29.32
24.23
A ll employees:
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_______________
California____________
Colorado_____________
Idaho_________________
M on tana.____ _______
N evada.......... ...........
N ew M exico____ _____
South Dakota________
U tah................................
9
8
10
4
5
9
6
1
9
3,969
1,688
983
1,621
2,495
1,146
1,442
936
2,214
5.7
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.7
6.2
6.3
5.9
5.8
48.8
50.2
51.7
47.5
48.2
55.6
53.9
56.0
52.5
43.8
48.4
48.4
44.0
46.0
49.9
50.8
46.9
47.8
89.8
96.4
93.6
92.6
95.4
89.7
94.2
83.8
91.0
.679
.593
.597
.581
.681
.625
.459
.674
.515
33.14
29.77
30.83
27.60
32.82
34.75
24.74
37.74
27.04
29.76
28.74
28.86
25.59
31.33
31.18
23.35
31.60
24.60
61 16,494
All employees (open-pit m ines):
Western mixed ores_______
Northern iron____________
Alabama iron........................
5.8
50.7
46.6
91.9
.608
30.83
28.38
Michigan copper____ ____
6
3,734
4.1
49.4
33.7
68.2
.443
21.88
14.94
Northern iron—
Michigan _
-r Minnesota......................
Total___ ___ _______
10
29
3.3
4.2
50.8
56.0
28.3
39.6
55.7
70.7
.602
.545
30.58
30.52
17.04
21.57
39
2,244
4,577
6,821
3.9
54.3
35.9
66.1
.560
30.41
20.08
Alabama iron_____________
Tri-State lead and zinc___
8
25
2,132
3,014
3.5
5.5
58.4
48.2
32.0
43.3
54.8
89.9
.372
.477
21.72
22.99
11.92
20.25
139 32,195
5.0
51.6
41.6
80.6
.559
28.84
23.25
Total............................
A ll districts................
T
able
B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in six specified occupations, 1931, by district and State
N um ber of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Occupation, district, and State
Num
N um ber of
ber of wage
mines earn
ers
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
1,138
471
142
299
201
251
142
184
315
$0,774
.600
.613
.601
.608
.692
.445
.622
.534
T otal.............................................
58
3,143
.658
M ichigan copper....................................
3~
Northern iron—
M ichigan.................................. .......
M in n esota ....................................
3
7
145
53
.806
.646
T otal.............................................
10
198
.765
Alabama iron.........................................
Tri-State lead and zinc.........................
5
19
95
179
.486
.403
3,684
.646
A ll districts..................................
69~
.433
4
4
1
10
24
7
31
52
1
70
86
25
11
8
7
8
16
27
261
45
278
150
1
78 539 100
69
34
7
71
16
7
" ' 12'
16 ‘ ‘ i9’
5
125
56
23
71
23
4
10
40
2
2
46
33
25
4
2
3
5
39
218
148
293
812
553
1
8
7
27
23
3
19
50
3
19
110
1
1
1
2
666
110
39
$1.20
and
un
der
$1.30
$1.30
and
un
der
$1.40
$1.40
and $1.50
un and
der over
$1.50
12
9
19
4
32
8
4
32
5
\
2
147
31
$1.10
and
un
der
$1.20
2
13
37
171
16
$1.00
and
un
der
$1.10
48
48
36
30
42
44
21
19
36
30
42
44
21
19
1
1
15
28
1
30
4
110
10
3
77
8
29
36
267
162
393
862
557
666
147
130
110
48
159
32
GENERAL TABLES
Drilling-machine operators, com pany
(underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.............................................
California.........................................
Colorado...........................................
Idaho................................................
M ontana..........................................
N evada.............................................
N ew M exico___________________
South Dakota__________________
U tah..................................................
35
30
50
40
45
55
60
70
65
75
80
85
90
95
Un and and and and and and and and and and and and and cts.
der un un un un un un un un un un un un un and
30 der der der der der der der der der der der der der un
cts. 35
45
40
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95 der
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. $1.00
T
able
B . — Average
and classified earnings per hour in six specified occupations, 1981, by district and State— Continued
N um ber of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
35
65
60
55
30
40
45
50
70
75
90
95
80
85
Un and and and and and and and and and and and and and cts. $1.00 $1.10
der un un un un un un un un un un un un un and and and
30 der der der der der der der der der der der der der un un un
65
60
55
cts. 35
40
45
50
85
80
70
75
95 der der der
90
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. $1.00 $1.10 $1.20
$1.20
and
un
der
$1.30
$1.30
and
un
der
$1.40
$1.40
and $1.50
un and
der over
$1.50
AND
1
1
5
5
2
1
2
8
60
55
483
60
311
27
$0.792
.894
.826
.760
.520
.867
.738
62
7
17
1
5
23
91
3
35
2
2
4
61
7
1
5
71
36
1
41
3
2
1
42
1
1
3
8
51
4
1
7
1
22
3
2 ! 4
43 1 36
1
26
31
1
9
8
3
13
1
17
9
9
23
8
2
6
1
1
1
a
30
10
1
38
2
7
17
5
8
29
81
23
23
7
9
2
1
17
1,004
.791
1
43
12
63
89
159
104
128
104
75
54
5
618
.571
37
131
128
121
82
52
24
11
18
9
2
Northern iron—
M ichigan______________ ________
M innesota_______ ______________
9
13
848
948
.714
.709
2
6
4
25
41
117
129
78
85
39
74
405
156
46
47
52
282
4
37
6
34
9
26
53
15
3
2
10
6
2
2
2
1
2
10
T otal.............................................
22
1,796
.711
Alabama iron.........................................
Tri-State lead and zinc........................
3
6
38
489
.512
.575
A ll districts__________________
53
3,945
.694
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
329
357
212
318
491
125
282
.611
.532
.552
.536
.699
.589
.374
Muckers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona..................................... .......
California______________________
Colorado_______________________
Id aho__________________________
M ontana_______________________
N evada______________ __________
N ew M exico—................... ............
6
4
2
6
2
4
66
246
163
113
561
93
334
41
40
35
68
5
16
4
3
2
333
6
29
4
20
3
22
5
13
1
33
3
9
1
12
2
2
2
10
1
1
2
100
65
161
31
43
7
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
13
1
11
4
44
185
541
465
358
349
707
266
468
137
1
12
21
4
6
8
53
266
125
304
106
48
38
3
154
45
5
64
6
29
1
75
43
1
48
5
15
3
4
12
7
1
3
45
62
1
1
235
24
20
1
2
6
2
9
76
6
6
1
1
26
14
2
12
1
3
1
MINING
T otal.............................................
Michigan copper...................................
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
Drilling-machine operators, contract
(underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona...........................................
California.........................................
Colorado...........................................
M ontana.................. ................. .
N ew M exico...................................
South Dakota............................___
U tah
.... ..................
age
earn
ings
per
hour
WAGES
Occupation, district, and State
N um
N um ber of
ber of wage
mines earn
ers
1 4 8 4 6 8 °— 3 3
South Dakota__________________
U tah .____ ___
_______________
1
8
98
367
.530
.472
T otal.............................................
58
2,579
.553
M ichigan copper...................................
5
508
.456
Northern iron—
M ichigan_______ _______________
M innesota_____________________
7
4
19
32
.530
.566
T otal.............................................
11
51
.552
Alabama iron.............. ...........................
Tri-State lead and zinc........................
5
25
687~
831
.365
.447
131
54
m
m
104
13?
125
130
164
131
.505
190
257
559
640
A ll districts__________________
104* 4,656
9
7
10
4
5
7
4
1
6
376
117
89
262
556
42
71
29
123
.736
.617
.622
.554
.721
.652
.517
.624
.504
T otal.............................................
53
1,665
.655
M ichigan copper........ ..... .....................
6
834
.446
Northern iron—
M ichigan.........................................
Minnesota.......... ............................
10
11
138
270
.591
.629
T otal.............................................
21
408
.615
Alabama i r o n . .......................... ..........
Tri-State lead and zin c........................
5
1
17
2
.415
.375
A ll districts___________________
IT
2,926
.602
71
4
236
88
35
6
12
2
4
1
2
2
3
238
148
266
873
417
219
152
71
77
36
22
1
85
?M
70
60
35
10
7
3
3
11
10
2
11
2
2
9
21
13
4
9
1
23
146
5
77
3
19
6
3
1
7
6311 123
547
255
174
77
89
36
U
18
9
74
145
49
85
53
4
43
10
5
29
149
6
16
163
98
21
7
41
24
4
1
77
Z
3
1
1
1
52
4
2
1
58
3
2
34
1
10
2
4
34
17
13
1
1
1
23
18
15
8
56
14
2
4
1
1
15
14
2
4
1
1
8
4
10
6
4
2
1
21
4
12
4
12
1
2
1
18
30
26
20
26
g
5
1
10
68
7
1
2
5
2
5
2
1
15
6
53
69
1
17
64
154
261
278
460
126
582
58
67
49
15
7
3
15
23
2
22
1
58
5
53
1
2
2
78
28
2
2
32
82
2
2
114
106
38
24
59
58
2
1
2
124
335
416
331
491
188
164
21
28
106
72
4
= s
13
614
—
__
72
__
_____ _____
32
26
9
5
4
2
5
GENERAL TABLES
Tim berm en (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona________________________
California........................................
Colorado...... ...................................
Idaho................................................
M ontana............... ....................... .
N evada.............................................
N ew M exico___________________
South Dakota.................................
U tah..................................................
5
9,
T
able
B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in six specified occupations, 1981, by district and State— Continued
N um ber of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
A ver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
30
35
45
65
70
75
40
50
55
60
80
85
90
95
Un and and and and and and and and and and and and and cts. $1.00
der un un un un un un un un un un un un un and and
30 der der der der der der der der der der der der der un un
cts. 35
70
75
40
45
55
65
80
85
50
60
90
95 der der
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. $1.00 $1.10
$1.20
and
un
der
$1.30
$1.30
and
un
der
$1.40
$1.40
and $1.50
un and
der over
$1.50
AND
117
44
62
22
27
20
29
6
11
$0. 355
. 510
.547
. 503
. 529
. 525
.337
.479
.436
12
3
T otal.............................................
45
338
.449
16
67
50
Michigan c o p p e r ..._____ ___________
6
128
.359
14
13
86
Northern iron—
M ichigan____ __________________
M innesota_____________________
10
12
101
90
.414
.411
13
1
65
11
16
74
1
3
1
90
4
1
118
39
100
10
2
25
9
23
4
55
12
40
7
T ota l.............................................
22
191
.412
14
76
Alabama iron______________________
Tri-State lead and zinc........................
5
3
148
10
.264
.277
127
5
18
5
3
A ll districts..................................
Trammers (underground):
W estern mixed ores—
A rizona_____ ___________________
C a liforn ia .................... ..................
Colorado_______________________
Id aho........ .......................................
M ontana................ ............. ...........
N evada................. ...........................
N ew M ex ico___________________
Utah..................................................
81
815
.400
162
117
215
3
6
6
3
5
3
5
4
29
72
53
23
213
21
49
23
.555
.546
.572
.531
.595
.590
.392
.471
4
12
2
O
4
2
1
1
15
25
22
26
9
2
5
5
1
1
28
20
99
4
6
14
6
1
5
1
45
8
2
1
3
2
=====
=====
15
6
6
5
9
31
2
26
3
1
21
2
6
45
8
3
8
36
27
15
1
9
6
210
2
1
13
1
1
1
1
2
2
6
__
MINING
9
8
7
3
4
6
4
1
3
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
T opm en (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona________________________
California...... ..................................
Colorado. _______________________
Id aho_____ _____________________
M ontana__________________ _____
............................................
N evada
N ew M ex ico______ _____________
South Dakota ________ __________
Utah.................................................
$1.10
and
un
der
$1.20
WAGES
Occupation, district, and State
N um
N u m ber of
ber of wage
mines earn
ers
T ota l....................
M ichigan copper..........
Northern iron—
M ichigan................
M innesota..............
T ota l....................
Tri-State lead and zinc
A ll districts........
44
T
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
able
C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in six specified occupa
tions, 1981, by district and State
Occupation, district, and State
Num
N um ber of
ber of wage
mines earn
ers
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
N um ber of wage earners whose full
time hours per week were—
Un
der
45
Drilling-machine operators, company (un
derground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.
_ .
California.,
Colorado__________________________
Idaho............. ................................
M ontana_________
____ ______
N eva d a ,.........
......
_ _
N ew Mexico
____ ___ _______
South
ntfth
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
1,138
471
142
299
201
251
142
184
315
T otal................... .................. ..........
58
3,143
3
7
10
145
53
41.9
49.5
110
198
44.0
110
5
19
95
179
59.7
48.0
Northern iron—
M ichigan............................... ..............
..........
, .
M innesota__ ...
T otal..................................................
Alabama irrm
___
Tri-State le&d and zinr*.
_
___
1Over
48,
un
der
56
48
592 118 428
47.3
50.3
298
76
51.4
11
76
242
46.5
57
48.7
184
55.5
37
52.0
2
69
56.0
50.5 ____ ____
218 ____
49.6
57 594 1,205 552
95
3,684
49.5
Drilling-machine operators, contract (un
derground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona___________________________
California____________________ ____
Colorado__________________________
Montana____ ___ _____ ___________
N ew M exico________ _____________
South Dakota_____________________
Utah......................................................
Total___________________________
1
1
5
5
2
1
2
17
8
60
55
483
60
311
27
1,004
52.5
48.0
54.0
48.1
53.8
56.0
48.0
51.2
All districts -
45
35
43
78
97
55
17
214
71
184
97
-------
735
10
-------
10
4
167
594 1,531
556
91
745
91
8
60
14
479
41
4
48
311
12
12
27
580
MtehigftTi copper______________________
5
618
48.0
618
9
13
22
848
948
1,796
48.0
48.8
48.4
848
858
1,706
Alabama iron_______ _________________
Tri-State lead and zinc............................
3
6
38
489
54.2
48.0
489
12 3,393
------8
404
90
90
22
_______________
53
3,945
49.1
Muckers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona____________________ _____ California_________________________
Colorado__ ____________ _________ _
Idaho............. ................. .....................
M ontana...
..............
N evada_________ _____ ___________
N ew M exico______________________
South Dakota____ ________________
Utah___________ __________ _______
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
329
357
212
318
491
125
282
98
367
Total_______ _ ________________
58
2,579
47.7
48.7
50.7
46.3
48.0
54.6
53.8
56.0
49.8
49.6
Michigan copper______________________
5
508
Northern iron—
M ichigan___________ ____ ________
Minnesota________________________
T otal_________________ _____ ____
7
4
19
32
11
51
48.0
48.0
48.0
Alabama iron_________________________
Tri-State lead and zinc........—.................
5
25
687
831
57.1
48.01
A ll districts_____________ _______
104
4,656i
50.2!
Over
60,
un
der
72
60
179
Northern iron—
M ichigan_____ ____ _____ ____ ___
Minnesota________________________
T otal.............. ................. .................
All districts.
56
147
6
310
134
252
491
19
53
66
30
494
176
34
14
13
64
51
283 ____
66
48.0 _
166 1,529
16
275
16
74
210
98
84
543
508
__
__
19
3?
51
257
43C>
5355 543!
43C)
:■
831
66
166i 2 ,91S
45
GENERAL TABLES
T
able
C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in six specified occupa
tions, 1931, by district and State— Continued
Occupation, district, and State
Num
N um ber of
ber of wage
mines earn
ers
Tim bermen (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona___________________________
California.............................................
Colorado________ ________ ________
Id a h o .,
», ................... .
Montana__________________________
N evada____ ____ _________________
New M exico____ _________________
South Dakota
.... ^
Utah......................................................
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
Number of wage earners whose full
time hours per week were—
Un
der
45
45
Over
48,
un
der
56
48
9
7
10
4
5
7
4
1
6
376
117
89
262
556
42
71
29
123
49.5
49.1
50.7
47.2
48.0
55.1
51.5
56.0
51.3
T otal.............. ..................................
53
1,665
49.1
_ _._
6
834
48.0
10
11
138
270
47.8
48.1
3
135
267
Total..................................................
21
408
48.0
3
402
Alabama iron_________________________
Tri-State lead and zinc________________
5
1
17
2
57.3
48.0
Michigan copper,
Northern iron—
Michigan
,
Minnesota
_
_
All districts
86
2,926
48.7
Topm en (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona___________________________
California_________________________
Colorado__________________________
Idaho_____________________________
Montana_____________ ________ ___
N evada___________________________
New M exico______________________
South Dakota_____________________
Utah......................................................
T otal______________________ ____
9
8
7
3
4
6
4
1
3
45
117
44
62
22
27
20
29
6
11
338
49.8
51.6
54.3
47.6
48.3
55.1
53.5
56.0
51.6
51.4
Michigan copper______________________
6
128
54.0
10
12
22
101
90
191
58.3
60.0
59.1
Alabama iron_________________________
5
148
________________
Tri-State lead and
3 zinc10
58.7
49.2
Northern iron—
M ichigan_____ ______ ____________
________________________
Minnesota
Total___________________________
83
27
14
48
88
59
235
554
245
26
1
11
21
72
27
97 1,077
283
56
60
3
29
2
31
36
29
51
181
834
3
3
12
5
2
30
97 2,315
288
184
12
24
9
21
26
16
9
9
6
6
44
69
1
5
9
1
69
6
107
39
12
---
1
15
20
6
5
103
14
5
19
128
6
6
8
8
16
87
77
164
27
121
1
9
A ll districts____ ________________
81
815
54.9
Trammers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona___________________________
California__________ ____ _________
Colorado_________ ________________
Idaho_____________________________
Montana
Nevada___________________________
N ew M exico______________________
Utah.................................. ..................
3
6
6
3
5
3
5
4
29
72
53
23
213
21
49
23
49.4
50.2
50.7
47.3
48.1
55.2
49.0
48.0
2
T otal___________________________
35
483
49.1
2
7
69
116
12
""4 0
35
21
210
8
32
23
20
361
210
17
25
103
5
3
16
9
47
53
Michigan copper______________________
2
65
48.0
65
3
8
21
27
48.0
48.9
21
24
3
T otal— . . ..........................................
11
48
48.5
45
3
Tri-State lead and zinc__ __________ __
13
39
48.0
All districts_____________________
61
635
48.9
39
2
20
510
47
286
5
5
24
7
18
Northern iron—
M ichigan_______ _________________
Minnesota
________________ ________
Over
60,
un
der
72
56
---
T
able
D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in six specified occupations, 1981, by district and State
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
1,138
471
142
299
201
251
142
184
315
45.0
47.5
46.2
44.6
46.0
49.5
48.9
45.0
45.8
12
12
16
un un
der der
20
16
24
20
un un
der der
24
28
28
un
der
32
32
un
der
36
36
un
der
40
40
un
der
44
44
un
der
48
70
27
18
2
38
11
6
4
3
12
279
1
81
27
17
57
21
8
15
14
15
381
2
4
121
282
255
403
48
Over
48,
un
der
54
54
Over
54,
un
der
56
56
un
der
60
60
Over 65
60,
un un
der der
70
65
70
80
un and
der over
80
19
22
17
1
7
58
3.143
46.1
3
69
30.7
N orthern iron—
M ichigan_________________
M innesota________________
3
7
145
53
38.1
36.2
2
T otal______________ ____
10
198
37.6
Alabama iron_________________
_______
5
19
95
179
20.3
43.6
A ll districts_____________
95
3,684
44.5
Drilling-machine operators, con
tract (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona___________________
California_________________
C olorado__________________
_________________
N ew M exico.................. .......
1
1
5
5
2
8
60
55
483
60
32.9
45.7
51.8
45.6
42.4
7
7
4
21
6
1
8
1
3
4
5
1
7
7
48
34
36
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
76
1
1
1
13
1
1
241
6
9
7
18
1
1
3
2
983
286
3
19
5
3
2
4
6
7
5
4
4
1
115
6
8
25
1
2
8
6
13
1
9
4
121
33
1
1
5
9
6
118
10
1
2
44
23
6
22
114
73
79
185
9
1
6
289
385
410 1,139 297
2
9
7
2
60
2
51
13
368
10
1
3
2
3
2
4
4
7
1M ontana
2
1
4
14
2
12
3
3
5
10
1
1
1
515
15
1
3
1
1
1
518
17
18
3
5
18
1
2
2
1lead and
zinc
2 Tri-State
5
9
1
54
1
117
25
35
19
119
49
88
62
1
1
57
2
44
11
259
76
161
129
70
60
23
194
4
2
3
12
4
2
36
5
1
23
18
3
MINING
T otal...................................
1
1
3
11
4
2
2
2
3
10
11
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
10
1
3
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
1
1
8
2
Michigan copper.........................
8
un
der
12
AND
Drilling-machine operators, com
pany (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona_____ ______________
California_________________
Colorado................................
Idaho_____________________
M ontana_________________
N evada_______ ____________
N ew M exico______________
South D akota.......................
U tah....................................
Number of wage earners whose hours actually worked in one week were—
WAGES
Occupation, district, and State
A ver
age
N um hours
N um ber of actu
4
ber of wage
U n un
ally
mines earn worked
der der
ers
4
in one
8
week
South D akota........
U tah.........................
T o ta l....................
17
M ichigan copper...........
311
27
44.1
40.4
1,004
45.1
19
23
33
618
31.8
24
37
496
24.1
28.7
58
161
137
131
Northern iron—
M ichigan................
M innesota..............
9
13
948
Total.....................
22
1,796
Alabama iron................
Tri-State lead and zinc
A ll districts.........
Total.....................
184
122
275
148
34
306
423
2
1
18
9
329
357
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
58
318
491
125
282
98
367
43.2
45.9
47.2
43.6
45.4
48.6
45.4
43.4
46.0
212
2,579
45.3
508
30.7
N orthern iron:
M ichigan.................
Minnesota...............
19
32
29.5
29.2
T o t a l...................
11
51
Alabama iron......... .......
Tri-State lead and zinc
5
25
687
831
41.4
A ll districts.........
104
4,656
40.6
219
137
315
470
32
96
498
56
104
84
21
95
44
56
188
116
44
” 72_
"323"
11
341
79
148
25
1
6
1
5
1
21
4
19
6
7
14
18
54
2
12
354
4
3
19
10
5
32
10
174
11
63
13
226
24
2
979
247
104
164
375
133
16
101
3
10
"
16"
16
6
2
2
220
26
46
56
22
4
61
125
43
65
142 1,203 150
92
30
73
20
103
81
"2
1
1
4
3
'11'
3
14
10
364
11
4
35
14
15
19
1
” 62’
67
M ichigan copper..........
6
42
14
GENERAL TABLES
,M uckers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona......... ..........
California................
Colorado_________
Idaho........................
M ontana __..............
Nevada......... ...........
N ew M exico______
South D akota____
U tah_____ ________
3,945
10
28
43.3
53
3
2
19
13
1
12
16
27
12
2
13
15
10
35
31
18
4
110
20
144
4
47
27
35
134
42
190
162
197
16
12
1
51
146
19
14
198
79
518
259
483
14
53
36
43
8
212 1,615 202
457
T
able
D.—
Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in six specified occupations, 1981, by district and State— Continued
16
un
der
20
2
2
4
1
2
1
1
1
376
117
89
262
556
42
71
29
123
41.0
49.0
46.2
42.9
45.3
48.6
50.0
56.7
47.4
1
Total.......................
2,926
37.6
29
72
53
23
213
46.0
49.5
45.4
46.6
48.0
53.0
21
2
2
2
9
8
70
5
6
2
66
17
61
11
10
1
1
1
1
1
5
5
1
44
40
un un
der der
44
48
36
5
10
32
66
2
5
1
5
66
5
4
5
13
48
Over
48,
un
der
54
6
63
51
115
384
13
19
3
66
no
5
3
2
22
4
1
148
54
Over
54,
un
der
56
56
un
der
60
29
16
31
21
15
29
17
38
4
4
196
8
1
3
4
1
6
19
13
24
72
102
62
162
93
720
2
27
1
20
2
76
3
648
5
30
3
13
4
4
19
91
44
94
12
11
4
25
31
36
10
6
7
7
1
2
8
110
138
12
15
25
67
16
14
1
2
3
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
182
28
116
103
818
68
209
97
—
60
Over 65
60, un
un der
der 70
65
70
80
un and
der over
80
2
1
151
6
2
1
4
1
U
2
8
11
2
1
U
2
1
U
2
=
6
52
117
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
5
747
201
10
11
24
12
2
1
15
2
4
16
34
33
17
211
1
MINING
A ll districts...........
2
2
21.2
Trammers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona......................
California..................
C olorado_____ _____
Idaho....... —.......... —
M on tana_____ _____
Nevada____________
36
un
der
40
17
24.0
36.6
16.0
32
un
der
36
4
21
Alabama iron..................
Tri-State lead and zinc.
11
1
M ichigan copper_______
138
270
28
un
der
32
1
53
Northern iron—
M ichigan__________
Minnesota_________
24
20
un un
der der
24
28
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
12
un
der
16
AND
8
un
der
12
Tim berm en (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona.................. .
California__________
Colorado___________
Idaho.......................
M ontana................—
N evada......................
N ew M exico.............
South D akota______
U tah................. .........
Total.......................
Num ber of wage earners whose hours actually worked in one week were—
A verage
N um
N um ber of hours
actu
4
ber of wage
U n un
ally
mines earn- worked
der der
4
in one
8
WAGES
Occupation, district, and State
£
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
9
1
5
21
22
5
14
17
12
339
16
3
1
43
1
N ew M exico..
U tah...............
5
4
49
23
44.8
47.7
Total............
35
483
47.6
M ichigan cop p er.
2
65
42.8
2
1
11
8
2
11
1
6
2
1
19
13
1
8
1
8
1
24
2
2
36
14
407
19
65
2
4
5
22
2 .....
3
4
4
2
5
11
18
23
2
4
4
4
1
8
11
8
10
24
2
8
3
3
1
1
6
2
8
8
5
4
77
5
11
5
Northern iron—
M ichigan........
Minnesota___
T o t a l . ..................
5
1
3
8
21
27
30.1
30.0
2
1
1
11
48
30.1
2
2
39
45.8
61
635
45.7
9
8
7
3
4
6
4
1
3
117
44
62
22
27
20
29
6
11
44.8
50.7
50.9
40.1
47.6
42.0
52.8
55.0
50.7
1
338
47.5
6
128
39.7
Northern iron—
M ichigan........
M innesota___
10
12
101
90
30.0
41.5
1
Total..
1
191
35.4
148
10
30.6
33.6
All districts..
81
815
40.2
1
1
1
1
22
2
33
15
5
2
2
2
2
44
2
2
1
6
1
1
1
1
45
5
3
1
6
14
8
3
1
1
4
2
9
7
1
20
8
6
5
11
11
3
8
1
3
1
11
5
8
2
1
5
3
1
15
25
20
1
79
72
8
14
10
11
1
7
4
27
18
8
6
4
1
1
1
9
5
10
28
11
22
7
31
26
1
10
8
17
2
22
1
14
6
7
28
1
1
4
1
7
4
26
14
33
55
34
176
51
45
81
24
4
.__
45
10
2
2
13
1
38
61
2
1
4
Total............
22
1
I
4
M ichigan copper.
Alabama iron...................
Tri-State lead and zinc.
7
1
47
13
9
1
4
14
23
23
1
1
3
13
1
2
1
1
1
6
1
16
3
2
7
1
13
3
82
34
17
TABLES
13
A ll districts...........
2
GENERAL
Tri-State lead and zinc.
Topm en (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona................ .
California................
Colorado.................
Idaho....... _..............
M o n ta n a ...............
N evada....................
N ew M exico______
South D akota ........
U tah........................
1
7
1
7
23
*3
* 1 at 84 hours.
1 at 88, one at 96, and one at 104 hours.
&
T
able
E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in six specified occupations, 1931, by district and State
$34.84
28.49
28.31
26.81
27.95
34.30
21.80
27.95
24.44
3,143
30.31
Michigan copper.......................................
T otal__________________________
10
Alabama ir o n ..........................................
Tri-State lead and zinc............................
Drilling-machine operators, contract (un
derground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona ................................................
California............................................
Colorado..............................................
Montana..............................................
N ew M exico.......................................
25
95
23.36
198
28.72
95
179
9.86
17.56
3,684
28.76
55
483
60
26.03
40.90
42.79
34.66
22.05
14
49
12
31
10
34
22
19
58
34 157
90
445 183 681 344 174 278
71
76 102
27
64
76 102
27
64
14
43
19
16
10
103
16
37
26
41
19 104
60
37 109
73 227 137 181 460 196
175 381
46
54
39
26
14
M INING
A ll districts.....................................
145
53
$60 $75 $100
un un and
der der over
$75 $100
19
13.30
Northern iron—
M ichigan.............................................
M innesota................... ......................
$50
un
der
$60
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
T otal................................................
1,138
471
142
299
201
251
142
184
315
$45
un
der
$50
AND
Drilling-machine operators, com pany (un
derground):
Western mixed ores—
A rizo n a ..............................................
California............................................
Colorado........ ......................................
Idaho....................................................
M ontana........................ ..... ................
N eva d a ..............................................
N ew M exico................. ....................
South Dakota........................... ........
U tah.....................................................
$40
un
der
$45
un
der
$30
WAGES
Occupation, district, and State
Number of wage earners whose actual earnings in one week were—
N um Average
N um ber of actual
earn
ber of wage ings in Un
mines earn
der
one
ers
week
$4
South Dakota____ _________________
Utah.......................................................
1
2
311
27
38.19
29.85
?
Q
7
4
7
1
4
1
5
m
7
6
16
9
3
3
5
1
6
5
4
12
3
9
3
6
4
29
8
16
15
21
21
49
87
62
83
85
66
23 125 137 100
97
47
19
20
8
4
22
5
50
2
45
21
2 ~~~~
RS
Q
O
# 91
26
3
3 -----
36
T otal..................................................
17
1,004
35.62
6
15
11
4
17
Michigan copper................... .....................
5
618
18.14
3
6
6
6
15
Northern iron—
Michigan .............................................
M innesota.............................................
9
13
848
948
17.23
20.36
5
19
1
6
12 359 107
12 139 158
4
32
29 102
36 36
21 40
45 184
27
54
28
72
31
32
6
53
13
7
4
22
49
18
8
6
2
13
4
T o t a l .................................................
22
1,796
18.88 ----- 24
7
24 498 265
36
65 138
66 224
81 100
63
59
20
26
67
14
15
4
Alabama iron..............................................
Tri-State lead and zinc............................ .
3
6
38
489
16.70
24.90
1
4
2
17 "22" 12
17
4
14
13
8
7
2
53~ 3,945
23.75
10
38 538 342 190 222 267 197 306 393 190 180 139 120 115 149 119 157
80
93
26
M uckers (underground):
W estern mixed ores—
Arizona........ .......... .............................
California..............................................
Colorado________________ _______
Id aho......................................................
M ontana_____________________ ____
N evada......................................... .........
N ew M e x ico ...................................... .
South Dakota.......................................
U tah..................................................... .
9
8
10
4
5
8
5
1
8
329
357
212
318
491
125
282
98
367
26.41
3
24.42 ~ 2~ 7
7
26.01
1
23.39 T
5
5
31.72
1
28.62
3
16.99 18 U
23.04
3
4
21.72
7
2
T ota l...................................................
58
2,579
25.02
37
M ichigan copper..............—.......................
5
508
14.00
11
N orthern iron—
M ichigan..............................................
M innesota.............................................
7
4
19
32
15.64
16.51
”6
T otal...................................................
11
51
16.19
6
Alabama iron.............................................
Tri-State lead and zinc.............................
5
25
687
831
A ll districts.......... ....... .....................
104
4,656
A ll districts___________ _________
5
3
6
42
2
4
4
3
5
1
3
2
3
4
2
6
6
3
17
2
4
4
6
10
43
25
30
28
38
3
17
41
21 192
1
1
3
1
28
13
20.51 126 S8
6_
1
1
3
98 166
16 21
2
2
1
1
1
5
2
4
7
6
7
2
1
2
4
1
9
2
7
3
8
3
10
5
20
7
10
2
1
2
34
1
s
3 15
54 n o
1
2
6 29
3
16
1
1
13 271
18 50
7
30
9
8
4
71
5 18
3
3
25 12
5
13 214'
48
198
76
162
11
1
4
13
19
7
9
29 15
2 30
2
4 17
i
30
3
1
68 "41” ‘ 33" 51
20 28 19
3
2
13 ” 6*
4
2
2
28 131 179 178 317 532 105 350 169 126
82
70
47
16
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
10
1
7
2
9
1
4
2
11
1
9
9
1
6
91
9
85
110 70
21 63
26 71
17 30
g 35
9 19
9 147
4
8
3
6 26
24 15
71 30
93 116
34 22
86 106
85
7
1
10
4
1
1
21
5
25
1
28
1
"I"
2
3
3
62
34
41
31
g
4
6
4
1
1
1
TABLES
36
36
25
2
2
GENERAL
11.18
18.50
1
46
1
92 134
2
1
1
1
3
47
1
20
1
3
2
3
3
7
---
1
1
157 261 181 367 276 358 347 331 427 630 155 373 174 129
89
69
34
42
32
*1 earned $105, one $134, one $139, and one $146.
Or
T
able
E. — Average and classified actual earnings in one week in six specified occupations, 1981, by district and State— Continued
Number of wage earners whose actual earnings in one week were—
Occupation, district, and State
$12
un
der
$14
$14
un
der
$16
$16
un
der
$18
$18
un
der
$20
$20
un
der
$22
$22
un
der
$24
$24
un
der
$26
$26
un
der
$28
2
2
4
1
4
1
....
7
2
3
„„
2
1
2
4
2
1
5
8
21
2
1
12
25
5
51
5
2
61
3
1
10
83 46
5
2
23 44
13 116
1
28
2
3
9
5
12
1
5
6
6
1
56
9
7
10
4
5
7
4
1
6
376
117
80
2^2
55ii
42
71
29
123
$30.22
30. 22
28. 73
23. 78
32.08
31.06
25. 84
35. 38
23.90
2
4
1
1
T o t a l . . . . ...........................................
53
1,665
29.42
2
16
7
11
8
M ichigan copper.........................................
6
834
13. 71
27
3
16
Northern iron—
M ichigan___________________ ______
M innesota_________________________
10
11
138
270
14.19
13. 35
4
4
3
T otal...................................................
21
408
13.63
8
Alabama iron...............................................
Tri-State lead and zinc..............................
5
1
17
2
15.16
6.00
86
2,926
22.64
3
6
6
3
5
3
29
72
53
23
213
21
All districts_____________________
Trammers (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona___________________________
California__________________________
Colorado__________________________
Idaho______________________________
M ontana__________________________
N evada________ _______- ....................
10
1
2
7
1
3
25. 57
27. 02
25. 97 ""I*
24. 76
28.57
31.25
27
2
3
—--
2
3
4
18
16
27 136
28
43 494
64
79
49
22
7
1
1
40
77
23
53
15
58
3
1
15
13
15
8
2
40
4
4
3
1 ’ io ’
5
3 117
76
73
4
28
23
42
8
4
5
2
4
1
1
3
4
2
29
4
2
1
....
32 156 129 575
1
1
1
87 123 100 203
1
6
'"4 "
3
1
2
3
10
31
$30
un
der
$32
$32
un
der
$34
$34
un
der
$36
$36
un
der
$38
$38
un
der
$40
24
65
41
69
43
12
4
3
27
5
5
23
65
1
2
20
15
8
2
59
2
1
17
29
5
0
10
75
12
8
5
1
2
24" 57
5
1
7
50
....
$60 $75 $100
un un and
der der over
$75 $100
$45
un
der
$50
$50
un
der
$60
7
8
3
5
23
8
2
73
35
16
73
35
16
13
1
>3
5
1
23
5
1
3
8
72 101 166 247 261 128 124 138
10
$40
un
der
$45
3
2
1
2
1
“T
3
1
2
87 106 178 253 264 129 126 138
12
3 " 9'
5
17
1
10
11
....
9
34* 4
10 17
2
210
1
51
1
7
1
3
1
10
....
1
MINING
Tim berm en (underground):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona____________________________
California_______________ __________
Colorado__________________________
Idaho_____________________________
M ontana__________________________
N evada_______ ____________________
N ew M exico................................... .....
South Dakota_____________________
U tah........................................................
$28
un
der
$30
HOURS— METALLIFEROUS
$10
un
der
$12
AND
$8
un
der
$10
$6
un
der
$8
WAGES
N um ber of actual
earn
ber of wage
$4
in Un un
mines earn ings
der
one
der
ers
week
$4 $6
T otal................................................
5
4
49
23
1 7 .5 8
2 2 .4 6
1
1
0
1
4
4
4
10
15
1
1
7
21
1
1
1
2
4
A
O
A
i1U
n
IQ
lo
IQ
lo
*ko
QQ
oo
2
1
1
12
3
2
42
1
=»«
N ew M exico..........................................
Utah........................................................
9
3
2
5
6
2
1
7
7
12
7
7
8
1
2
1
12
11
4
6
1
1
1
AK
QE
60
2
4
1
4
483
2 6 .4 0
2
65
1 7 .4 3
Northern iron—
M ichigan.............. .............. .................
M innesota.............................................
3
8
21
27
1 5 .5 5
1 4 .9 8
2
1
1
T otal...................................................
11
48
1 5 .2 3
2
2
II
35
M ichigan copper.........................................
Tri-State lead and zinc........ .. ....................
All districts____________________
IT
1 5 .2 3
3
-------
5
5
13
42
OR
jSO
no
Zo
Aft
OD
no
Zo
2
1
1
1
5
33
31
2
1
15
2
1
6
17
4
1
1
’ ~2 ~
4
6
6
635
2 3 .9 6
9
8
7
3
4
6
4
117
44
62
22
27
20
1
3
29
6
11
1 5 .9 3
2 5 .8 5
2 7 .8 1
2 0 .1 9
2 5 .1 6
2 2 .0 2
1 7.81
26. 37
1
1
2
5
T otal...................................................
45
338
21.32
7
5
3
1
8
36
39
31
30
13
14
128~
14.27
1
1
3
5
15
43
15
26
12
6
101
90
12.44
17.06
23
9
1 ----- 2
15
8
7
3
15
15
11
25
4
3
9
Michigan copper.........................................
_
Northern iron—
M ichigan.................. .............................
Minnesota............ ....................... .........
10
12
T otal...................................................
22
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
5
22.11
191
14.61
10
__
25
23
10
30
36
13
5~
3
liT
10
8.07
9.32
24
1
14
3
41
34
10
2
4
2
14
2
7
A ll districts................... ....................
81~
815
16.09
43
23
72
63
45 115 106
77
2
1
Alabama iron...............................................
Tri-State lead and zinc______ __________
* 2 earned $136 each and 1 earned $141.
4
7
10
24
6
1
4
256
1
1
1
1
32
12
11
2
1
Ayl
2A. 2 57
32
12
11
2
1
i
7
1
2
1
2
„„
4
55
15
17
9
1
3
2
1
2
28
21
10
14
2
1
2
4
1
1
4
1
3
4
1
3
1
3
2
1
13 ‘ T
3
4
1
3
6
3
16
5
7
1
45
25
17
71
21
35
22
3
4
6
2
13
3
3
3
3
10
17
TABLES
61
Topm en (surface):
Western mixed ores—
Arizona............ ......... .......................... ..........
California...............................................
Colorado................................................
Idaho......................................................
Montana________ ________^ ................
N evada..................... .............................
New M e x ico .—....................................
South Dakota.......................................
Utah.... ..................................................
23
1
GENERAL
0
—
1
Appendix
Mine Terms of Occupations, with Definitions, and Classification by
Bureau of Labor Statistics
K ey to places of employment in and about mine: Surface designated as (S); Underground (U ); Surface and
Underground (S and U); and Open Pit (O P)
Underground mines
M ine term
Definition
Classified b y bureau
under—
Air-drill operator, com
pany (U)
Air-drill operator, con
tract (U ).
A ir hammerman ( U ) „
(See Drilling-machine operator, company, U )...........
Drilling-machine opera
tors, company (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, contract (U ).
Other employees, (S and
Air pumper (S and U)_.
Operates pumps which force air into mines for venti
lation purposes.
Wheels ashes from fires to dump; is an unskilled sur
face laborer.
(See Working foreman, S and U )..................................
Ash wheeler (S )............. .
(See Drilling-machine operator, contract, U ).............
(See Jack hammerman, U )............................................
Assistant foreman (S
and U).
Bar loosener (U )_______ (See Roof trimmer, U )....................................................
Bar man (U ).................. . ____d o ___ ____ ____________________________________
Barn man (S and U )___ Feeds, waters, cleans, and harnesses mules or horses
used in and about mines; cleans stable and removes
refuse, and performs other similar duties about the
stable.
Battery charger (S and Recharges storage batteries used in underground
mine locomotives; inspects, renews, and repairs
U ).
defective parts; and renews chemicals when
necessary.
Batteryman (S and U ). (See Battery charger, S and U )......... ............ ...............
Blacksmith (S )..... .......... Makes new metal parts and does repair work on
mine cars, wagons, etc.; resets and fits horseshoes;
sharpens, hardens, and tempers drilling tools,
picks, etc.; and does other general blacksmith
work.
Blacksmith’s helper (S) Uses sledge at direction of blacksmith, looks after
forge fire, cuts and arranges metal stock, and does
any work assigned to him b y the blacksmith.
Blaster (U )__ ................. Uses an electric battery to set off charges in rock or
ore after holes have been drilled and charged with
explosives. This work is sometimes done b y hand,
each fuse being lighted separately.
Removes plugs from boiler and runs off dirty water,
Boiler cleaner (S)_
floods boiler with clean water to wash it out; may
use a metal cleaning rod to remove some accumu
lated scale; refills boilers with clean water in readi
ness for use.
Makes repairs to boilers or engines in machine shops;
Boiler maker (S)._
also does other miscellaneous ironwork.
(See Boiler cleaner, S)....................................................
Boiler washer (S)_.
(See Trip rider, U )..........................................................
Brakeman (U )___
Has charge of proper ventilation of the mine; builds
Brattice man (U)_
necessary brattices or walls, usually of wood, which
insure the proper circulation of air in the mine.
Works
near the shoveler, using a pick and iron bar
Bruno man (U ).
to keep the loosened ore pushed down to the
shoveler’s bottom.
Pushes large can-shaped containers filled with mined
Bumper (U )___
ore to center of shaft opening where the can hooker
attaches a hoisting cable to each for the purpose of
raising them to the surface.
Cable splicer (S and U ). (See Rope splicer, S and U )...........................................
Cager (U ).......................
Gager’s helper (U ).
Can hooker (U )___
54
Has charge of cage (or elevator) used in raising or
lowering men or materials between various levels
of the mine or various levels and the surface;
directs movements of cage b y signals to hoist men.
Rides cage or elevator with supplies; m ay assist in
loading and unloading same on cage or m ay do
other general work under the direction of the cager.
Works at bottom of shaft; passes hook of hoisting
cable through the bale of large can-shaped con
tainer filled with ore to hoist it to the surface.
U).
Do.
Topnjen (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
Roof trimmers (U ).
Do.
Other employees (S and
U).
D o.
D o.
Blacksmiths (S and U).
Blacksmiths’ helpers (S
and U).
Other employees (S and
U).
Do.
Do.
D o.
T rip riders (XJ).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Muckers (U ).
Trammers (U ).
Other employees (S and
U).
Cagers (U ).
Other employees (S and
U).
D o.
55
APPENDIX— TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Underground mines— Continued
Mine term
Definition
Car cutter (U ).
Car hooker (U) _
Car man (U )........... ......
Car repairman (S and
U).
Carpenter (S and U )__.
Carpenter’s helper
and U ).
(S
Chainer (U)_.
Chainer’s helper (U )__.
Change-house
(S).
laborer
Change-house man (S)_.
Charger, batteries (S
and U).
Checker, chute (U )........
Checker, production (S
and U).
Chute blaster (U )...........
Chute checker (U )_____
Works with underground tippleman or dumper Other employees (S and
operator. His duties consist in uncoupling ore
U).
trains in groups of five cars, which are then pushed
on the tipple and mechanically dumped at one
time. Ore passes through a grizzly or screen and
drops through a raise to the storage bins.
Hooks or couples loaded cars together in the mine to
Do.
form a train which is later hauled to shaft for hoist
ing to surface or direct to tipple for dumping into
railroad cars. (See also Car cutter, U.)
(See Trip rider, U )........................................................... Trip riders (U).
Makes repairs to mine cars either underground or on Other employees (S an '«
the surface, the underground repairs generally
U ).
being minor ones.
Builds and repairs wooden structures and does other Carpenters (S and U).
general carpentry work; may also do timber fram
ing. All work is usually done on the surface but
sometimes underground.
Assists carpenter in repair of buildings and other Carpenters’ helpers (S
general carpentry work under carpenter’s super
and U).
vision.
Attaches hoist chain or cable to or detaches it from Trip riders (U ).
ore cars. Chainers are found in mines where
grades are too sharp for motors or mules; in such
cases loads are pulled up these grades b y means of
a chain or cable attached to a drum or auxiliary
hoist. (See also Rope rider, U.)
Assists chainer in attaching and detaching hoist Other employees (S and
chain or cable used to pull ore cars up steep grades,
XT).
and does any other work which the chainer may
designate.
Assists the dry-house man, around the change room, Dry-house men (S).
where workmen change wet and soiled clothing,
doing such work as m ay be assigned to him.
(See Dry-house man, S)...............................................
Do.
(See Battery charger, S and U )....... .............................. Other employees (S and
U ).
Chute trammer (XJ).
Cleaner, boilers (S)._
(See Chute checker, U ) ..................................... .............
Maintains record of ore-filled containers hoisted to
the surface, their number, contents, etc.
(See Pluggerman, U ).......................................................
Occupation is found in those mines using the ‘ ‘ cav
ing m ethod” of mining. The checker keeps a
record of the amount of ore drawn from each raise
or chute. It is essential that the ore be drawn
uniformly, so that the entire ore body will cave in
properly. Irregular drawing of ore results in im
proper caving, considerable dilution, and loss of
ore. The checker has authority to seal or close any
chute.
Operates doors opening and closing chutes from
which mine cars are loaded.
Occupation is found only in those mines using the
“ caving m ethod” of mining. The chute tapper,
generally located in a square set above the grizzly
level, draws the ore through the finger raises from
the undercutting level. From the finger raises
(generally 4 per set) the ore passes .to the grizzly
below and from this level, through raises, it passes
to the haulage-level chutes.
(See Chute loader, U ).................................................... .
(See Boiler cleaner, S).................................................... .
Company driller (U ).._
(See Drilling-machine operator, company, U )„
Company miner (U )___
Compressor man (S and
U).
.d o ..
Has charge of air compressors which furnish air for
the operation of drills and for ventilation of the
mines.
(See Drilling-machine operator, contract, TJ)............ .
Chute loader (U)_.
Chute tapper (U ).
Classified by bureau
under—
Do.
Do.
Do.
D o.
Chute loaders (U).
Other employees (S and
Chute loaders (U).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Contract driller (U ).......
Contract miner (U )-----Conveyor man (S and
U).
Crane operator (S)_
Craneman (S)................
Crusher, ore (S )~ ..........
Cutter, fuses (S and U ).
____d o ......................................................................... ........
Operates conveyor used to transport ore from shaft,
tipple, etc., to and through sorting plant, or other
place in or about the mine; sees that nothing clogs
the mechanism, that it operates smoothly; also
keeps its bearings clean and well greased.
Operates yard crane, which is generally used to un
load mine timbers and other heavy material.
(See Crane operator, S)..................... ..................... ........
(See Ore crusher, S)........................................................
(See Fuse cutter, S and U ).............................................
Drilling-machine opera
tors, company (U).
D o.
Compressor men (S and
U).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, contract (U).
Do.
Other employees (S and
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
56
W AGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS M INING
Underground mines— Continued
Demonstrator (S and U)_ Demonstrates safe, authorized methods of mining to
beginners and others.
Removes dirt and rubbish with a shovel from under
Ditchman (U )............
ground drainage ditches; loads dirt and rubbish into
cars which are hauled away b y motors or mules.
Opens and closes safety doors in airways of mine to
Doorman (U )..............
permit trains, mules, etc., to pass.
Is in charge of mechanical loading of ore. In some
Drag foreman (U )___
mines, also operates the “ drag,” which is a heavy
conveyance used to load ere into mine cars.
Has charge of motormen and trainmen, and directs
Draw boss (U )............
movement of ore and muck trains underground.
Uses heavy mounted air drill in driving entries or
Drift driller (U )_____
drifts, which are horizontal passageways on the
mining or haulage levels of the mine. (See also
Drilling-machine operator, company, U.)
Drill runner, com pany (See Drilling-machine operator, company, U )_______
(IT).
Drill runner, contract (See Drilling-machine operator, contract, U )...............
(U ).
Drill runner’s helper (U) (See Drilling-machine operator’s helper, U ).................
Drill sharpener (S ).........
Drill-sharpener's helper
(S).
Drilling-machine opera
tor, com pany (U ).
(See Tool dresser, S )........................................................
(See Tool-dresser's helper, S).........................................
Runs any one of several types of drilling machines
used in mines. Sets up his machine, drills holes in
face of work place; inserts explosives and later sets
off the charge, thus shattering the ore, rock, etc., so
that it can easily be removed and loaded into mine
cars. Drills are generally operated b y compressed
air, though so me electric drills are also used. Drill
er must be familiar with drills and be able to make
needed adjustments and minor repairs, and must
also have a thorough knowledge of explosives so
that he can place his holes properly and know how
much explosives to use. A company driller differs
from a contract driller only in the nature of the
work he does and the method in which he is paid.
He is engaged in development work,such as driving
drifts and raises and sinking shafts, and is paid on
a day basis; in addition he may receive a bonus,
generally based on footage of advance in a specified
time. He is also known as a “ miner.”
Drilling-machine opera M ethod of operation is the same as that of company
drilling. The difference lies in the nature of the
tor, contract (U).
work done and the method of payment. The
contract miner is engaged in production work, i. e.,
getting out ore, and is generally paid at a specified
rate per ton, cubic yard, or car of ore produced. In
some mines, however, contract miners are paid on
a flat day basis.
Drilling-machine opera Assists the machine operator in setting up and plac
ing drills, etc., in position at working face, and
tor's helper (U ).
works under supervision of the driller.
Drives mules or horses about the yard hauling mate
Driver (S ).
rials and m ay also transport ore from mine to
crusher.
Driver, locomotive (U ). (See Motorman, U )........................................................ .
Drives mules in hauling ore or other materials in
Driver, mule (U )..........
various parts of mine. In some mines mules alone
are used; in others, mules are used to supplement
motor or hand haulage.
Is in charge of change room, where workmen may
Dry-house man (S)_
change their wet or soiled clothing and have same
dried; also has charge of bath and wash rooms.
Dumper (S)_............
Takes cars of ore or refuse from cage; pushes them to
crusher, bins, or other place of disposal; dumps ore
or refuse and returns em pty cars to cage.
Works inside mine at the grizzly, which is a large
Damper (U)______
screen constructed of heavy iron beams placed a
few inches apart, just over the raise or chute leading
to ore bins or cars beneath; opens doors of mine
cars, sometimes assisted b y trip rider, and dumps
ore onto the grizzly ; uses a sledge hammer to break
oversize lumps which do not pass readily between
the bars of grizzly, and a shovel for clean-up pur
poses; m ay also select samples of ore from each car
or train. In some mines the dumper is known as
grizzly worker, monkey, or screen ape.
Electrician (S and U ).._ Installs and repairs electrical machinery and light
and power wiring.
Other employees (S and
U Do.
D o.
D o.
Do.
Drilling-machine opera
tors, company (U ).
D o.
Drilling-machine opera
tors, contract (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors’ helpers (U).
Tool dressers (S).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, com pany (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, contract (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tor’s helpers (U ).
Drivers (S).
Motormen (U ).
Drivers, mule (U).
Dry-house men (S).
Dumpers (8).
Other employees (S and
U).
Electricians (S and IT).
57
APPENDIX— TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Underground mines— Continued
Assists electrician in maintenance and repair of elec
trical machinery and light and power wiring, work
ing under his direction.
Engineer, hoist (S )_____ (See Hoist man, S)_._......................................................
Engineer, hoist (U )____ (See Hoist man, U )_______ ____ ___________________
Engineer, stationary (S) Operates steam engine which furnishes power for
operating hoists, pumps, or air compressors.
Fan man (S and U )____ Tends air-clarifying system which provides ventila
tion for the mine.
Feeder, mules (S and U ). (See Bam man, S and U )...............................................
Filer, saws (S )...... .......... (See Saw filer, S)........................................................... i.
Fire patrolman (U )____ (See Mine patrolman, U )..............................................
Fireman, fighter (S and Is a traifaed fire fighter subject to immediate call at
all times in case of fire in and about the mine. M ay
U).
work as a miner when not otherwise occupied.
Fireman stationary (S) Fires boiler which furnishes steam for operating
stationary engine.
Firewatch miner (U )._. Goes through mine with shift boss after each shift;
looks for and guards against possible fire danger;
Is a regular miner during the shift but reports a
half hour later than the regular men and works (as
above) a half hour later.
First-aid station man (S). Is trained in first-aid work and remains on duty at a
specified place on the surface to render first aid to
injured workmen.
Flume man (S and U ) „ . (See Pipeman, S and U )................................................ .
Foreman, working (S (See Working foreman, S and U )........... .................... .
and U).
Framer, timbers (S)....... (See Tim ber framer, S)................................................. .
Fuse cutter (S and U)__. Cuts fuse to required length and attaches cap to it.
This work is often done b y the powderman or b y
the miner.
Gear man (S ).................. (See Head-gear man, S)...................................................
Grizzly worker (U )____ (See Dumper, U )............................................................
Hammerman (S)_______ Operates power hammer in forge or machine shops,
to shape forgings with or without the aid of dies.
Hammerman, air (U ). . . (See Jack hammerman, U )............................................
H andy man shops (S (See U tility man, S and U )............................................
and U).
Head-gear man (S)......... Operates coarse or primary crusher at the tipple;
m ay also supervise loading of crushed ore into ore
trains.
Hoist engineer (S)__
(See Hoist man, S )._........................................................
(See Hoist man, U ).........................................................
Hoist engineer (U ).
Hoist man (S)_____
Operates hoisting machinery used to lower cages and
ore skips into mine and to raise them to the surface
from different levels. M en and supplies are
handled in cages or elevators, while ore is generally
hoisted up in ore skips or buckets. Some mines,
however, noist the mine cars to the surface instead
of using ore skips. Hoist man must have com
plete knowledge of hoisting machinery, must be
very dependable and able to act promptly. H e is
guided in the management of his hoist b y electric
or bell signals.
Operates hoisting machinery used in handling ore,
Hoist man (U )___
refuse, or supplies between different levels of the
mine. (See also Hoist man S.)
(See Can hooker, U )................. ......................................
Hooker, cans (U ).
Electrician’s helper (S
and U).
Hooker, cars (U ).............
Hostler (S).......................
Incline-railway operator
(S).
Instructor (S and U )___
Jack hammerman (U )__
Laborer (S)_.
Laborer (U ).
Laborer,
change-house
(8).
Laborer, dry-house (S)_.
Lander (S ).......................
1 4 3 4 6 6 °— -3 3 -
Electricians’ helpers (8
and U ).
Hoist men (S).
Hoist men (U ).
Engineers, stationary (S)
Other employees (S and
U).
D o.
D o.
Do.
Do.
Firemen, stationary (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
D o.
Pipemen (S and U).
Other employees (S and
Tim ber framers (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
Do.
Do.
Do.
D o.
D o.
Do.
Hoist men (S).
,U).
Hoist men (U).
Other employees (S and
U ).
.do..
Do.
(See Boiler cleaner, S).....................................................
D o.
Operates power incline railway used to hoist supplies
D o.
from mill level to shaft opening on side of a moun
tain.
(See Demonstrator, S and U ) ............... .......................
D o.
Uses an air hammer, underground, to drill holes into
D o.
large lumps of ore so they m ay be blasted. Also
loads holes with explosives and sets off charge.
Some lumps are broken into small pieces b y use of
the air hammer without aid of explosives.
(See Topm an, S)........... ................. ................... ............. Topm en (S).
Does unskilled labor of various kinds about the mine Muckers (U ).
underground.
(See Change-house laborer, fe)...................................... . Dry-house men (S).
-do..
Works in shaft house on the surface. Bum ps oreloaded skips which are hoisted from lower levels in
the mine, and signals hoist man b y means of bells
for operation of skip.
D o.
Dumpers (S).
58
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
Underground mines— Continued
Works with shaft-sinking crew. Is stationed on the
level immediately above working place in shaft.
Handles m uck as it is raised b y the winze or tem
porary hoist used in sinking the shaft, and trams
it away.
(See Shaft pusher, XJ)......................................................
Muckers (U ).
Leynerman (U)
Operates heavy-type mounted air drill
" Leyner” (the name of the inventor).
chine is used in driving drifts. (See
driller, XJ; Drilling-machine operator,
known as
This ma
also Drift
company,
Drilling-machine opera
tors, company (U ).
Loader, chute (U ).........
Loading-machine opera
tor (U ).
(See Chute loader, XJ)......................................................
Operates machine for loading ore into mine cars.
There are two general types of these machines—
mechanical shovels and scrapers operated b y
hoists.
(See Roof trimmer, XJ).......................................... .........
(See Drilling-machine operator, company, XJ)...........
Chute loaders (U ).
Loading-machine opera
tors (U ).
Lander (U )____
Leader (U )____
Loosener, roof (U ).........
Machine driller, comlachine driller, con
tract (U ).
Machine loader (XJ)____
(See Drilling-machine operator, contract, U ) .............
(See Loading-machine operator, U )............................
M achine runner, com- (See Drilling-machine operator, company, U ) ...........
%JPany CO).
Machine runner, con (See Drilling-machine operator, contract, XJ).............
tract (U ).
Machinist (S and U )— . Makes necessary repairs and adjustments on ma
chines and operates lathes and other metal-working
machines to make needed machine parts.
M achinist's helper (S W orkman of some degree of skill who assists machin
and U).
ist in the repair and adjustment of machines, work
ing under his direction.
XJses
stone or brick and mortar or cement to build
M ason (S and U )...........
walls, foundations, etc., about the mine.
Mechanical-shovel oper (See Loading-machine operator, U )..............................
ator (U ).
M ine patrolman (U )___ Goes through all parts of the mine at regular inter
vals inspecting for fire hazards, weak timbering,
or any other dangers.
Miner, com pany (U )__ (See Drilling-machine operator, company, U ) ______
Other employees (S and
Roof trimmers (XJ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, company (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, contract (U ).
Loading-machine opera
tors (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, company (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors. contract (U ).
Machinists (S and U ).
Machinists'
and U ).
helpers
(S
Other employees (S and
Loading-machine opera
tors (U ).
Other employees (S and
U).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, com pany (U ).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, contract (U ).
Other employees (S and
Miner, contract (U )___
(See Drilling-machine operator, contract, U ) .......... .
M onkey (U )____ ______
(See Dumper, U ) ..............................................................
Motorm an (S )........ ........
Operates electric or gasoline driven motors on surface Other employees (S and
tracks to transport timbers and other mine sup
plies from various places about yard to mine
entrance.
Operates electric or compressed air motor for hauling M otorm en (U ).
em pty or loaded mine cars to and from designated
places inside the mine.
Uses hand shovel to load ore, rock, or refuse into Muckers (U ).
mine cars; also works in stopes pushing ore down
an inclined floor to raise or chute openings; m ay
also do any unskilled work underground.
Pushes ore-loaded cans or cars away from shoveler Trammers (U ).
to tracks where they m ay be hauled away b y mule
or motor.
(See Barn man, S and U )............................................... Other employees (S and
M otorm an (U )...............
M ucker (U ).....................
M ule (XJ)........................
M ule feeder (S and XJ).
Nipper (XJ).....................
Oil-house man (S )......... .
Oiler (S an dX J ).............
Ore crusher (S )________
Ore sorter (S ).................
Painter (S ).......................
Collects and carries tools from place to place where
needed and in general looks after tools under
ground, and in addition may distribute powder,
lias charge of oil stocks and gets out specified quan
tities as needed b y drillers, oilers, or other work
men.
Uses oil or grease to lubricate bearings of mine cars,
machinery, pulleys, hoists, etc., both on the sur
face and underground.
Operates ore-crushing machine which reduces ore to
smaller sizes; makes adjustments of machinery,
cleans and oils bearings, and looks after the dis
tribution of crushed ore.
Sorts ore b y hand as it comes from the mine, remov
ing rock and other refuse; m ay also separate into
various grades ore which has been cleaned.
Does necessary painting in the maintenance of build*
ings and equipment, b y hand with a brush or spray
machine.
Nippers (U ).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Oilers (S and U ).
Other employees (S and
Ore sorters (S and U ).
Other employees (S and
59
APPENDIX— TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Underground mines— Continued
Mine term
Definition
Patrolman, fire (U ).
Other employees (S and
Patrolman, mine (U ).
Pipeman (S and U )__.
Pipeman’s
and U).
helper
Classified by bureau
under—
(S
Pluggerman (U )____
Policeman (S )___
Powder man (U)_.
Production checker (S
and U).
Pum p man (U )..............
Pumper, air (S and U )..
Pusher (U )..........
Raise driller (U ).
Raise-driller’s helper (U)
Lays and repairs water and compressed-air pipes
both underground and on the surface.
Helps in handling heavy tools and pipe, cutting and
threading pipes, screwing ends, etc., as directed b y
the pipeman.
Keeps ore chutes open and free of obstructions,
whenever a bowlder blocks a chute, the plugger
man drills a few holes in it with a jack-hammer
drill, loads holes with explosives, and sets them
off, blasting the bowlder into small parts which
pass freely down the chute.
(See Watchman, S )..........................................................
Has charge of underground powder magazine and
issues explosives to the men as needed.
(See Checker, production, S and U ) .......... ................
Is in charge of underground pumping stations oper
ated for the purpose of disposing of surplus water
which accumulates in the mines. Considerable
mechanical skill is required.
(See Air pumper, S and U )........................................... .
(See Shaft pusher, U )................................................. .
Operates drilling machine to drive raises which are
shafts leading from a lower level of the mine up
ward through rock, earth, etc., to ore bed above, or
to an upper level of the mine. (See also Drillingmachine operator, com pany (U ).)
(See Drilling-machine operator’s helper, U )_.............
Repair man, car (S and (See Car repair man, S and U )......................................
U).
Repair man, general (S (See Rigger, S and U )......................................................
and U).
Repair man, mechanical. (See Machinist, S and U )...............................................
Repair man, shaft (U )__ (See Shaft repair man, U )...............................................
Repair man, slopes, roll
ers (U ).
Rigger (S and U )...........
R ock passer (U ).
Roller man (U )-_
Roller repair man, slopes
(U ).
R oof loosener (U )___
R oof trimmerr (u)—
(
R ope man (S and U)___
U).
Do.
Watchmen (S).
Powder men (U ).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Pum p men (U ).
Other employees (S and
U).
Do.
Drilling-machine oper
ators, com pany (U ).
Drilling-machine oper
ators’ helpers (U ).
Other employees (S and
% o.
Machinists (S and U).
Other employees (S and
(See Roller man, U ).........................................................
%o.
Do.
(See R oof trimmer, U )................................................... .
Inspects roofs of working places after a blast and
knocks down loose ore or rock to prevent its falling
and injuring workmen.
(See Rope splicer, S and U ).......................................... .
Attaches and detaches cars to cable; rides cars that
are pulled on an incline (several m ay be coupled
together)—loaded cars going up the incline and
empties coming down on parallel tracks; also sees
that cars do not become detached when going over
rough places or top of incline.
Rope splicer (S and U ) „ Splices and repairs rope (cable) used on hoisting
machinery in and about mine.
Safety man (U ).
(See M ine patrolman, U )...............................................
Sampler (U )-----Selects from each car or designated group of cars
sample pieces of ore to be analyzed. Each sample
is marked with record of location and other neces
sary data.
Uses hand file to sharpen teeth of saws used in tim
Saw filer (S ).
ber mill or for other purposes; also sets cutting
width of saws.
Sawmill man (S)_.
(See Tim ber framer, S)....................................................
r (S)---------Operates power saw in cutting to designated length
timbers needed about the mine. Is not a timber
framer.
Scraper, hand (U )_____ (See Stope scraper, U ).....................................................
Scraper, machine (U ).. . (See Loading-machine operator, U )..............................
Other employees (S and
General handy man working about the mine doing
ordinary repair work which requires moderate
skill and experience.
(See Mucker, U )...............................................................
Travels up and down inclines and slopes inspecting
idle rolls over which hoist cable passes; also oils
rolls and replaces or repairs any defective ones.
(See Roller man, U ).........................................................
Rope rider (U )_________
Scraper operator (U ).
Scraper, stopes ( u ) __
Do.
Pipemen (S and U ).
..do..
(See Stope scraper, U)_.
Muckers (U ).
Do.
Other employees (S and
U).
R oof trimmers (U).
Do.
Other employees (S and
U ).
T rip riders (U ).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Do.
Do.
Do.
Tim ber framers (S).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Muckers (U ).
Loading-machine opera
tors (U ).
Do.
Muckers (17).
60
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
Underground mines— Continued
Mine term
Definition
Screen ape (U)_
(See Dumper, U ).
Screen man (U )............. .
Shaft boss (S and U )___
Shaft driller (U )..............
.d o..
(See Shaft pusher, U ) ___ ____ __________ ______ ___
Sinks shafts, which are perpendicular passage ways
from the surface to lower levels, generally doing
his own drilling, shooting, mucking, and finishing
(in timber or concrete). He is assisted b y “ topm an” who handles muck and materials on the
upper level, and b y shaft-hoist or winze-hoist man
who hoists muck and lowers supplies. (Also
known as shaft man, shaft sinker, or shaft miner.)
Highest paid miner because of great skill required
and also because of hazardous nature of work. (See
also Drilling-machine operator, company, U.)
(See Winze-hoist man, U )____________ _____ ______
(See Shaft driller, U ) . . . . ............................................. .
Shaft-hoist man (U )___
Shaft miner, drilling (U).
Shaft miner, repairs (U ). (See Shaft repair man, U )_____ ________ __________
Working boss who, when sinking a shaft, serves as a
leader and thus “ pushes” his men by working
harder than others of his group.
Shaft repair man (U )___ Rides cage or other hoisting device to inspect and
repair shaft, replacing timbers, guides, guards, or
any defective parts; hazardous work.
Shaft sinker (U)_.
(See Shaft driller, U )....................................... ............. .
Shaft pusher (U )............
Shaft man (U )._ .
Sheave man (XJ)_
.d o..
(See Shaft repair man, U ).............................................
Shed man (S)_
Has charge of storerooms on the surface, reports low
stocks, and hands out supplies as needed.
Working foreman in charge of a shift, who also regu
larly does considerable productive work.
(See Blaster, U )......... ............ ........................................ .
(See Loading-machine operator, U )........................... ..
Shifter (U ).._ .
Shot firer (U )............
Shovel operator (U)_
Shuttle man (S)__
Sinker-hoist man (U)__
Skinner (U)_
Skipper (U)_
Skipper’s helper (U )___
Slope repair man (U)_._
Sorter, ore (S)................ .
Specimen boss (U )_____
Splicer, cables (S and U)
Splicer, rope (S and U)_.
Stable man (S and U )...
Station’man (U ).............
Station tender (U )........ .
Stationary engineer (S)_.
Stationary fireman (S)_.
Stope driller (U ).............
S to ^ e d r i l l e r ’ s helper
Operates surface locomotive about mine yard for
transfer of tim.bers and other supplies to and from
entrance to mine.
Operates shaft or sinker-hoist machinery used in
handling ore, rock, refuse, or supplies in shaftsinking work. (See also Hoist man, S.)
(See Driver, mule, U )__________________________ _
Responsible for loading of ore skip and for move
ment of ore skip from different loading stations in
mine to the surface. M ost skips are loaded auto
matically, the skipper merely supervising the
loading mechanism, and when skip is loaded
signals hoist man to raise it. The skipper is gen
erally assisted by a helper who keeps ore moving
down the chutes from storage bins to loading
mechanism.
Assists skipper b y keeping open at all times the ore
chutes which lead from the ore bins, and does
other general work under his direction.
(See Shaft repair man, U )............... ...............................
(See Ore sorter, S)................ ............. ............................
Is the first to enter stope after a round has been fired
to investigate nature of ore shot down. This oc
cupation is found in “ specimen mines,” i. e., mines
where a precious metal is found in its pure state.
(See Rope splicer, S and U )...........................................
do.
(See Barn man, S and U )...............................................
Has charge of stations which are loading points where
materials are loaded in skip or on cage to be raised
to the surface.
(See Station man, U ).......................................................
(See Engineer, stationary, S)___....................................
Classified by bureau
under—
Other employees (S and
u >.
Do.
Do.
D rillin g-m a ch in e oper
ators, com pany (U).
Hoist men (U).
D rilling-m achin e oper
ators, company (U ).
Other employees (S and
U).
D o.
Do.
D rillin g-m a ch in e oper
ators, com pany (U ).
Do.
Other employees (S and
Do.
Do.
Do.
Loading-machine opera
tors (U).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Hoist men (U ).
Drivers, mule (U ).
Skippers (U).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Do.
Ore sorters (S and U).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Do.
Do.
Do.
Station men (U).
Do.
E n g i n e e r s , stationary
(S).
Firemen, stationary (S).
D rillin g -m a ch in e oper
ators, contract (U).
(See Fireman, stationary, S )........ ................................
Operates mounted drill in a room or stope of the
mine; drills holes into ore body, loads holes with
explosives, and sets off charge; may be assisted b y
helper, mucker, or another driller working level
handed with him. (See also Drilling-machine
operator, contractor (U ).)
(See Drilling-machine operator’s helper, U )................ D rillin g -m a ch in e oper
ators’ helpers (U ).
61
APPENDIX— TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Underground mines— Continued
Mine term
Stope scraper____
Supply man (U)_
Swamper (S ).......
Tally man (U )........
Tapper, chute (U ).
Teamster ( S ) .........
Tim ber framer (S) _
Tim ber framer’s helper
(S).
Tim ber sprinkler (U) _..
Tim ber trammer (S )___
Timberman (U )..............
Timberman’s he! per (U ;.
Tinsmith (S and U )___
Tipple man (U )............. .
T ool dresser (S ).
T ool dresser’s helper (S ).
T ool sharpener (S ).........
Tool sharpener’s helper
(S).
T op lander (S)___...........
Topm an (S).....................
Torch man (S and U)__.
Track cleaner (S )__.......
Trackman (S)....... ..........
Trackman (U )................
Trackman’s helper (S )..
Trackman’s helper (U )..
Train dispatcher (U )___
Trammer (U ).............
Tramway operator (S)
Trimmer, roof (U )___
T rip rider (U )..............
Truck operator (S)___
Tugger man (U )..........
Definition
Uses a shovel b y hand to remove ore and refuse from
stopes, placing it into mine cars.
(See Nipper, U )............. - _____ ______ ______________
Assists driver or teamster in loading and unloading
materials about mine yard.
(See Chute checker, U )................................................. .
(See Chute tapper, U )................................................... .
(See Driver, S)..................................................................
Cuts and fits timbers which are used in mines as
props or supports in passage ways, stopes, etc., to
prevent fall of ore, rock, or dirt.
Assists framer in handling, cutting, and fitting mine
timbers; m ay be considered as understudy to tim
ber framer.
Uses spray gun to sprinkle timbers inside mine with
chemical solution to prevent fire.
Pushes, b y hand, a small car to convey mine props or
timbers from stock pile to shaft entrance.
Places timbers and supports in stopes and entries,
erects ladders, builds ore chutes and doors, and
erects framework wherever needed. A ll under
ground work.
Assists timberman in fitting and setting timbers used
as supports in passageways or other places in the
mine. .
Uses hand tools to cut, shape, rivet, or solder sections
of tin, sheet metal, etc., used in repair work about
the mine.
Operates an automatic car dumper, used in some
mines, which takes five cars at a time and dumps
them b y turning them over on one side; and is
assisted b y a car cutter who uncouples the train
into groups of five cars. Machine is located just
over the raise leading to the storage bin.
Operates special machine with dies of specific sizes
used to sharpen drills which have previously been
heated to required temperature b y his helper, then
quenches them in oil or water to harden and temper
them; in smaller mines tools are sharpened b y
hand.
Looks after heating of stock, and assists the tool
dresser in sharpening and tempering tools, drills,
etc., working under tool dresser’s supervision.
(See Tool dresser, S )........................................................
(See Tool-dresser’s helper, S ).........................................
(See Lander, S ).................................................................
Does various kinds of unskilled labor about the mine
surface.
Uses acetylene torch to weld metal sections or parts,
and to mend broken parts.
Keeps track and switches free of rock, dirt, and other
refuse.
Lays and repairs surface tracks about mine yards and
its railroad siding.
Lays and repairs tracks used for transportation of
mine cars inside the mines.
(See Trackman’s helper, U )...........................................
Assists trackman in laying tracks, replacing old ties
with new ones, and does other work under his di
rection.
Regulates movement of ore trains on underground
main-haulage tracks.
Pushes loaded mine cars from stopes, where motors
do not enter or mules are not used, to places where
they m ay be conveniently hauled. This work is
sometimes done b y the mucker. The trammer
m ay also have to load his own tram.
(See Incline-railway operator, S )...................................
(See R oof trimmer, U )....................................................
Rides on motors and assists motormen b y handling
brakes, throwing switches, opening and closing
ventilation doors, etc.
Operates motor trucks in and about yards, doing all
kinds of hauling.
Operates hoist machinery used in handling ore, rock,
refuse, or supplies underground. (See also Hoist
man, S.)
Classified by bureau
under—
Muckers (U).
Nippers (U).
T opm en (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
Do.
Drivers (S).
Tim ber framers (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
D o.
Do.
Timbermen (U).
Tim bermen’s helpers (U).
Other employees (S and
U).
Do.
T ool dressers (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
T ool dressers (8).
Other employees (S and
U).
Dumpers (S).
Topm en (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
Topm en (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
Trackmen (U).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Trackmen’s helpers (U).
Other employees (S and
U).
Trammers (U).
Other employees (S and
U ).
R oof trimmers (U).
Trip riders (U).
Truck operators (S).
Hoist men (U ).
62
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
Underground mines— Continued
Utility man (S and U ).
Wall builder (U )...........
Washer, boilers (S ).
Is fairly skilled worker who can take the place of men
in any one of several occupations and carry on the
work; m ay also make ordinary repairs requiring
moderate skill and experience.
Experienced mason who uses stone or brick and
mortar or cement, etc., to erect stone or concrete
walls in some mines where these materials are used
for supports instead of timber. (See also Mason,
S and U.)
(See Boiler cleaner, S)......................................................
Other employees (S and
U).
D o.
Other employees (S and
U ).
W atchman (S ).........
Is stationed at mine entrance or m ay patrol various
points about mine yard to protect mine property,
and sometimes keeps a check on those who enter
and come out of the mine.
Weighman (S and U )_._ Weighs each ore-loaded mine car or other container
before it is dumped, and maintains records of these
weights. This serves the purpose of showing the
quantity of ore mined, and affords a basis on which
contract prices are paid.
Wheeler, ash (S )____
(See Ash wheeler, S )........................................................
Operates drilling machine to sink winzes, which are
Winze driller (U )___
small experimental shafts, or passage ways from
the surface to lower levels of the mine or from one
level to another. W ork is done in a manner sim
ilar to that done b y the regular shaft driller.
Winze-hoist man (U ). . . Operates hoist machinery used in handling ore, rock,
refuse, or supplies in a small underground shaft or
incline. (See also Hoist man, S.)
W orking foreman (S An employee who has supervisory duties, but also
regularly does considerable productive work.
and U).
W atchmen (S).
Other employees (S and
U).
Topm en (S).
Drilling-machine opera
tors, com pany (U ).
Hoist men (U ).
Other employees (S and
U ).
Open-pit mines
Makes new parts and does repair work on mine cars, Blacksmiths (O P ).
wagons, and general machinery; resets and fits
horseshoes; dresses, hardens, and tempers tools;
sharpens steel and does all general blacksmith
work.
B la c k s m ith ’ s helper Uses sledge at direction of blacksmith, looks after
B la ck sm ith s’ helpers
forge fire, cuts and arranges stock, and does any
(O P ).
(OP).
work assigned to him b y blacksmith.
Brakeman ( O P ) ............. (See Trip rider, O P ) ..................................................... T rip riders (O P ).
Builds and repairs wooden structures and does gen Carpenters (O P ).
Carpenter ( O P ) ___
eral carpentry work around open-pit mines.
Carpenter’s helper (O P ). Assists carpenter in a general way and does rough C a r p e n t e r s ’
h e lp e r s
unskilled carpentry work under his supervision.
(OP).
C h u rn -d rill operator Operates a churn drill, the m otive power being fur Drilling-machine oper(OP).
nished b y air from compressors; usually called a
ators ( 0 P).
miner; is assisted b y a helper. Drill is generally
located on one of the shelves, and drills a vertical
hole in the rock, into which explosives are inserted
and fired to loosen rock and ore so that it m ay be
easily loaded into cars.
Churn-drill operatoi’s Assists churn driller in setting up churn drill and Drilling-machine oper
helper (O P ).
works in a general way under his supervision.
ators’ helpers ( O P ) .
Craneman, steam shovel (See Shovel craneman, O P ) ........................................ . Shovel cranemen (O P).
Blacksmith (O P)_
(OP).
Dobie man ( O P ) ...........
Driller, hand ( O P ) ........
Drilling-churn machine
operator (O P ) .
Drilling-churn machine
operator’s helper (O P).
Drilling-machine opeiator (O P).
(See Shotfirer, O P ) ...................................... ................
Uses steel drill and hammer b y hand to drill holes
in ore, rock, etc., into which explosives are placed
for blasting. A knowledge of explosives is neces
sary in order properly to place holes for blasting.
(See Churn-drill operator, O P ) ................................... .
(See Churn-drill operator’s helper, O P ) _ ................ .
Operates mounted drilling machine in open-pit
mine; sets up machine and drills a hole from a
lower level or table into side or flank of an upper
level in open pit; must be familiar with drills and
be able to make needed adjustments and minor
repairs; is generally assisted b y a helper. Explo
sives are inserted into the drill holes and fired, thus
loosening rock and ore, so that it m ay be easily
loaded into cars. Drills are operated b y com
pressed air or electricity. (See also Churn-drill
operator, O P.)
Shot firers ( 0 P ).
Drillers, hand (O P).
Drilling-machine
ators ( 0 P ).
Drilling-machine
ators’ helpers (O
Drilling-machine
ators (O P).
oper
oper
P).
oper
63
APPENDIX— TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
Open-pit mines— Continued
Drilling-machine oper
ator’s helper (O P ).
D um p man ( 0 P ) ..........
Dumper ( 0 P )_________
Electrician ( O P ) .......... .
Engineer, locom otive
< ° p ) * steam shovel
.
,
Engineer,
(O P ).
Engineer, stock pile
(O P).
Fireman, locomotive (O
P ).
Fireman, steam shovel
(O P).
Qopherman ( O P ) ..........
Jack hammerman (O P ).
Laborer ( 0 P ).................
L o c o m o t iv e
gineer ( 0 P ).
en
L o c o m o t iv e
man ( 0 P ).
fir e
Machinist (0 P ) .
M a c h in is t 's
h e lp e r
(OP).
Miner (O P )....................
Mounted-drill operator
(OP).
Mounted-drill
opera
tor’s helper (O P ).
Oiler (O P )......................
Pipeman ( O P ) ...............
Pitman ( O P ) ..................
P um pm an (O P ) ___
Pumper, water ( 0 P)
Repairm an (O P ) ___
Shot firer ( 0 P ) _____
Shovel craneman ( 0 P ).
Shovel engineer ( O P ) . .
Shovel fireman (O P )—
Assists drilling-machine operator (O P) in settingup
drill, and helps in a general way, working under
his supervision.
(See Dumper, O P )_ ._ ....................................................
Stationed at ore bins or on refuse dump; opens car
doors or latches, to dum p cars, and closes latches or
doors after dumping.
Installs and repairs electrical machinery and light
and power wiring.
(See Locom otive engineer, O P ).................. .................
Drilling-machine oper
ators’ helpers (O P).
Dumpers (O P ).
D o.
Electricians (O P ).
Locom otive engineers (O
(See Shovel engineer, O P ) .............................................
Shovel engineers ( O P ) .
(SeeStock-pileengineer, O P ) ........... ...........................
Other employees (O P ).
(See Locomotive fireman, O P ) .................................... .
Locomotive fireman (O
P ).
Shovel fireman (O P ).
(See Shovel fireman, O P ) ..............................................
Uses pick, shovel, and drill to mine and blast ore
located in pockets or other isolated parts of mine
not accessible for machine drilling; places explosive
as well as fires them.
Operates jack hammer with which to drill auxiliary
holes into sides of the level to be mined; also drills
holes into bowlders which must be broken up.
These holes are later charged with explosives and
fired.
Does general unskilled labor on dumps or in pits;
not much training required.
Operates haulage or shifting locomotives, of steam
railroad type, to transport ore trains through and
about open-pit mines and to and from crushers or
mills.
Works with locomotive engineer and fires boilers to
keep up steam in locomotive engines used for haul
age or shifting purposes in and about open-pit
mines.
Makes necessary repairs and adjustments to ma
chines used in pit and operates lathes and other
metal-working machines to make needed machine
parts.
W orkman of some degree of skill who assists machin
ist in the repair and adjustment of machines,
working under his direction.
(See Drilling-machine operator, O P; see also Churndrill operator, O P.)
(See Drilling-machine operator, O P ) ......................... .
(See Drilling-machine operator’s helper, O P ) .............
Uses oil or grease to lubricate bearings of ore cars, ma
chinery, etc., in open-pit mines.
Lays and repairs water and compressed-air pipes
used in open-pit mines.
Works in pit around shovels or cranes, and assists in
a general way, moving up supplies, power lines,
water lines, etc.; removes obstructions in path
of the steam shovel; levels and blocks shovels
when m oved to a new place of work; and wheels
coal from storage pile to steam shovel for firing
boilers.
Tends pumping machinery at water plant which
supplies water for mine and community.
(See Pum p man, O P ) .....................................................
Makes minor repairs and adjustments to steam
shovels, cranes, and other machinery and equip
ment which do not require the services of a ma
chinist.
Blasts rock and ore after it has been drilled and
charged with explosives; m ay set off shots, b y
using a battery or an electric firing machine; some
times called a “ dobie m an.”
Operates, b y means of levers, the loading mechanism
of a steam or electric shovel.
Has charge of steam or electric shovel, keeps its ma
chinery in working condition, and supervises
m oving of shovel from one place to another in the
pit.
Fires boiler which furnishes power for operating
steam shovel.
Drillers, hand (O P ).
D rilling -machine
operators (0 P).
Laborers (O P ).
L ocom otive
gineers (O P).
Locom otive
men ( 0 P).
fire-
Machinists ( 0 P ).
M a ch in ists’
(OP).
helpers
Drilling-machine opera
tors (O P ).
D o.
Drilling-machine opera
tors’ helpers (O P ).
Oilers (O P ).
Pipemen (O P ).
Pitmen (O P ).
Pum p men (O P ).
D o.
Repair men (O P ).
Shot fires (O P ).
Shovel cranemen ( O P )
Shovel engineers ( O P ) .
Shovel firemen ( O P ) .
64
WAGES AND HOURS— METALLIFEROUS MINING
Open-pit mines— Continued
M ine term
Shovel laborer (O P)_
Steam-shovel craneman
(OP).
Steam-shovel engineer
(O P).
Steam-shovel fireman
(O P).
Steam-shovel
laborer
(O P ).
S to ck -p ile en
gineer ( O P ) .
Switchman (O P ) ...........
Track-moving machine
operator (O P).
Trackman ( O P ) ..........
Trip rider (O P ) ..........
Truck operator (O P)__
Watchman (O P ) ........
Water-plant
(O P ).
operator
Definition
Classified b y bureau
under—
Does unskilled work such as handling timbers and
materials used in moving steam shovel from one
location to another.
(See Shovel craneman, O P )._........... ...........................
Laborers (O P ).
(See Shovel engineer, O P ) ............................................
Shovel engineers ( O P ) .
(See Shovel fireman, O P ) ........................................... .
Shovel firemen ( O P ) .
(See Shovel laborer, O P ) .......... ....................................
Laborers ( O P ) .
Operates crane used for putting ore on a stock or
storage pile.
Operates and throws switches of railroad tracks
where there are no automatically operated switches.
Operates machine which lays and moves tracks in
the pit, mechanically, by picking up required por
tion of track and moving it to the desired position
without having to uncouple it; also tightens loose
ties and restores proper gauge to tracks after being
moved.
Lays, moves, and repairs tracks in the pit or on the
dump. In some mines the laying and moving of
tracks is now done mechanically. (See also Trackmoving machine operator, OP. )
Ride ore trains and locomotives and assists motormen b y handling brakes, throwing switches, etc.
Operates motor truck in and about open-pit mine,
doing all kinds of hauling.
Performs duties of caretaker and does general patrol
work, watching steam shovels, etc.; also m ay keep
up fires under boilers when temporarily not in use
or at night.
(See Pump man, O P ) ................................................... .
Shovel craneman ( O P ) .
Other employees (O P ).
Switchmen (O P ).
Other employees (O P).
Trackmen ( O P ) .
Trip riders (O P ).
Truck operators (O P ).
W atchmen (O P ).
Pum p men (O P ).
@FedFRASER