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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR •
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES )
( WHOLE H Q
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS) * * * ( NUMBER YLv
W AGES
AND
HOURS
OF
LABOR
S E R IE S :
N o.
2
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE LUMBER
MILLWORK, AND FURNITURE INDUSTRIES
1890 TO 1912
AUGUST 14, 1913
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1913
CON TEN TS.
Page.
Lumber Manufacturing..................................................................................................... 5-85
5-12
General summary...................... ................................................................................
Explanation of scope and method.......................................................................... 12-14
General description of the principal occupations............................................... 15-22
Explanation of tables................................................................................................ 22-25
Table I.— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years,
1907 to 1912............................................................................................................. 26-28
Table II.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by States,
1907 to 1912.............................................................................................................. 29-40
Table III.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by years,
1907 to 1912..............................................................................................................41-55
Table IV .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in the
United States, by years, 1907 to 1912............................................................... 56-58
Table V.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in each
year, by States, 1907 to 1912................................................................... ........... 59-70
Table V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in each
State, by years, 1907 to 1912............................................................................... 71-85
Mill Work (sash, doors, blinds, frames, fixtures, and trim)................................ 86-122
General summary....................................................................................................... 86-92
Explanation of scope and method......................................................................... 92-94
General description of the principal occupations......................... .................... 94-96
Explanation of tables................................................................................................ 96-98
Table I.— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years,
1907 to 1912..............................................................................................................
99
Table II.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by States,
1907 to 1912.......................................................................................................... 100-104
Table III.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by years,
1907 to 1912.......................................................................................................... 105-110
Table IY .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in the
I ll
United States, by years, 1907 to 1912...............................................................
Table V — Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in each
year, by States, 1907 to 1912......................................................................... 112-116
Table V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in each
State, by years, 1907 to 1912........................................................................... 117-122
Furniture Manufacturing............................................................................................. 123-178
General summary................................................................................................... 123-131
Explanation of scope and method...................................................................... 132,133
General description of the principal occupations......................................... 134-138
Explanation of tables............................................................................................ 138-141
Table I.— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years,
1907 to 1912......................................................................................................... 142-145
Table II.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by States,
1907 to 1912......................................................................................................... 146-156
Table III.—Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by years,
1907 to 1912.......................................................................................................... 157-166
4
CON TEN TS.
Furniture Manufacturing— Continued.
Page.
Table IV.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in the
United States, by years, 1907 to 1912............................................................ 167,168
Table Y .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in each
year, by States, 1907 to 1912........................................................................... 169-173
Table V I.—Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in each
State, by years, 1907 to 1912........................................................................... 174-178
The field work in connection with the report on lumber manu
facturing and on mill work was done by William B. Pettit, John M.
Foster, and Charles W . Ellis, and that in connection with the report
on furniture manufacturing was done under the immediate charge
of Charles A . Bell. The reports were prepared and the field work
directed by Fred C. Croxton,
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
WHOLE NO. 129.
W A S H IN G T O N .
AUGUST 14, 1913
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN LUMBER MANUFAC
TURING, MILL WORK, AND FURNITURE MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912.
LUMBER MANUFACTURING.
GENERAL SUMMARY.
This study of wages and hours of labor in lumber manufacturing
shows rates of wages per hour and nominal full-time hours per week
for the years 1907 to 1912, inclusive, and in addition it summarizes
data published in previous reports1 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
and thus furnishes a comparison for the 23-year period, 1890 to 1912,
inclusive.
This present report and also previous reports show wages and hours
of labor for each of the most important occupations in the lumber
mills, but do not show data for all occupations in the industry. The
occupations for which data are shown in this report are doggers,
edgermen, laborers, planer feeders, band sawyers, circular sawyers,
gang sawyers, resawyers, setters, and trimmer operators, and these 10
occupations include more than three-fifths of the total employees.
Comparing 1912 with certain other years the changes in nominal
full-time hours per week, as shown by combining the principal occu
pations, were as follows:
1912 compared with 1890................................................3.8 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1895................................................3.3 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1900................................................2.9 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1905................................................1.0 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1910................................................... 1 per cent increase.
i Previous reports of wages and hours of labor in the lumber manufacturing industry have been published
by the Bureau as follows: Nineteenth Annual Report, covering 1890 to 1903; Bulletin No. 59 (July, 1905),
covering 1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. 65 (July, 1906), covering 1904 and 1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July, 1907)
covering 1905 and 1906; and Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906 and 1907.
5
6
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
The changes in nominal full-time hours per week for each of the
principal occupations of the industry during the period from 1907 to
1912, inclusive, are shown in the table which follows:
PER CENT OF CHANGE IN NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , 1912, COMPARED
W ITH EACH OF THE FIVE Y EA R S PRECEDING.
Per cent higher ( + ) or lower ( —) in 1912
than i n Occupation.
1907
1908
1909
1910
Doggers..................
Edgermen..............
Laborers................
Planer feeders.......
Sawyers, band.......
0)
-0 .4
0)
- 0 .4
(3)
- .4
(2)
(3)
- .4
C1)
- 0 .4
(2)
(s)
- .4
0)
- 0 .2
+ •2
(3)
- .2
Sawyers, circular..
Sawyers, gang.......
Sawyers, resaw___
Setters...................
Trimmer operators
+ .2
+ .2
+ .2
4- -3
+ .2
Total............
+ .2
+ .2
+ .3
(8)
8
i Not shown as a separate occupation.
+ .3
(3)
C1)
(*)
(2)
(3)
0)
(2)
8
+ .1
2 No change.
+ .3
(3)
+ .1
1911
-0.2
- .2
+ .2
- .3
(2)
(2)
(!)
.2
(*)
+ .1
3No data.
Comparing 1912 with certain other years the changes in rates of
wages per hour, as shown by combining the principal occupations,
were as follows:
1912 compared with 1890............................................ 29.0 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1895............................................ 35.6 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1900............................................ 24.8 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1905............................................13.1 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1910............................................ 1.2 per cent advance.
The changes in rates of wages per hour for each of the principal
occupations of the industry during the period from 1907 to 1912,
inclusive, are shown in the table which follows:
P E R CENT OF CHANGE IN RATES OF WAGES PE R HOUR: 1912 COMPARED W ITH EACH
OF THE 5 YEARS PRECEDING.
Per cent higher ( + ) or lower (—) in 1912
than i n Occupation.
Doggers..................
Edgermen..............
Laborers................
Planer feeders.......
Sawyers, band___
1907
1908
1909
1910
C1)
0)
+ 9.3
+11.7
(2)
+ 6.4
0)
+8.3
+8.9
(2)
+4.5
0)
+ 1.5
+1.5
+ 7.5
+ .3
+6.1
+1.3
(2)
C1)
+ 1.7
+1.2
+6.0
+1.7
(2)
+4.4
Sawyers, circular..
Sawyers, gang.......
Sawyers, resaw___
Setters...................
Trimmer operators
+2.4
—5.2
(2)
- 3 .3
8
+ 82.2 +1.6
Total............
+1.5
+10. £
h
1 Not shown as a separate occupation.
-
.6
+8.1
2No data.
Ui
-2.8
1911
+0.7
+ .i
+1.2
+3.2
+ .2
+1.1
- .1
+1.6
+ .5
+1.2
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
7
Rates of wages per hour were higher in 1907 than in 1912 for
trimmer operators, and higher in 1907, 1909, 1910, and 1911 than in
1912 for gang sawyers.
The next table shows for the industry the course of nominal full
time hours per week and the rates of wages per hour during the 23-year
period from 1890 to 1912. The occupations combined for 1890 to
1907 were cant setters, gang; carriage men; choppers and sawyers
in woods; edgermen; filers; laborers; band sawyers; circular saw
yers; gang sawyers; and trimmers. For 1907 to 1911 all occupations
were continued excepting cant setters, gang, which were combined with
laborers, and choppers and sawyers in woods and filers, which were
discontinued. For 1911 and 1912 the occupations are doggers, edger
men, laborers, planer feeders, band sawyers, circular sawyers, gang
sawyers, resawyers, setters, and trimmer operators. Doggers and
setters had previously been shown combined as carriage men. While
the nomenclature of the occupations has changed somewhat, yet no
type of employees included during the earlier period has been dropped
with the exception of choppers and sawyers in woods and filers.
In combining the relatives for the principal occupations to deter
mine the relative for the industry shown in the table which follows, the
relatives for each occupation were weighted according to the number
of employees reported each year. This weighting causes the figures
for 1890 to 1907 to differ slightly from those shown for the industry
in Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), where the relative for the industry
was a simple average of occupation relatives. Under these two
methods the difference in relative hours does not exceed 0.5 per cent
in any of the 18 years, and the difference in relative wages does not
exceed 2 per cent in 15 of the 18 years, the greatest difference being
2.4 per cent. The base used in computing the relatives in this table
is the average for the 10-year period 1890 to 1899.
8
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
R E LA T IV E NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND R E LA T IV E RATES OF
W AGES PER HOUR IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 56 establishments, 1890-1903; 49 establishments, 1903, 1904; 69 establishments,
1904, 1905; 68 establishments, 1905, 1906; 75 establishments, 1906, 1907; 40 establishments, 1907-1910;
245 establishments, 1910,1911; and 301 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Year.
Relative
nominal
full-time
hours per
week.
Relative
rate of
wages per
hour.
Average, 1890-1899.............................
100.0
100.0
1890......................................................
1891......................................................
1892......................................................
1893......................................................
1894......................................................
100.4
100.2
100.2
100.0
100.0
101.9
101.4
101.5
99.9
96.7
1895......................................................
1896......................................................
1897......................................................
1898......................................................
1899......................................................
99.9
100.1
99.9
99.6
99.8
97.0
97.4
97.7
101.5
104.5
1900......................................................
1901......................................................
1902......................................................
1903......................................................
1904......................................................
99.5
99.3
98.7
98.3
97.8
105.4
108.6
112.1
114.2
112.3
1905......................................................
1906......................................................
1907......................................................
1908......................................................
1909......................................................
97.6
96.6
96.4
96.6
96.5
116.3
124.4
129.6
118.7
121.6
1910......................................................
1911......................................................
1912......................................................
96.5
96.5
96.6
130.0
129.9
131.5
Rates of wages per hour made a decided decline, 8.4 per cent,
following 1907, and not until 1910 did they again reach the level of
1907.
The table which follows shows, for each of the principal occupa
tions in the industry, relative nominal full-time hours per week and
relative rates of wages per hour during the 23-year period 1890 to
1912. As already indicated certain changes have been made in
nomenclature of occupations; thus beginning with 1907, cant setters,
gang, are shown with laborers, and beginning with 1911, employees
previously reported as carriage men are separated and shown as
doggers or setters. The base used in computing the relatives for
each occupation, except as noted, is the average of the 10-year period
1890 to 1899.
9
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
R E LA T IV E NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOtJRS PE R W E E K AND R E LA TIV E RATES OF
WAGES P E R HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER MANUFACTUR
ING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 56 establishments, 1890-1903; 49 establishments, 1903, 1904; 69 establishments,
1904, 1905; 68 establishments, 1905, 1906; 75 establishments, 1906, 1907; 40 establishments, 1907-1910;
245 establishments, 1910,1911; and 301 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Carriagemen,1 Doggers,2 male.
male.
Year.
Average, 1890-1899.
189 0
189 1
189 2
1894..
1895.
1896..
1897.
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
100.0
100.4
100.2
100.2
99.6
99.5
100.1
100.1
99.9
100.0
1900..
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908..
1909.
1910..
1911.
1912.
Average, 1890-1899.
189 0
189 1
189 2
1894.
1895..
1896..
1897..
1900..
1901..
1902..
1903..
1904..
1905..
1906..
1907..
1908..
1909..
1910..
1911..
1912.
£8.5
98.1
98.3
98.0
97.8
96.4
96.2
Rela
tive
rate of
per
hour.
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
per
hour.
99.9
99.9
99.8
100.0
98.1
96.6
97.7
97.8
99.4
103.1
104.2
106.1
111.1
115.0
117.3
122.4
128.6
135.5
128.7
131.2
136.2
99.9
100.0
99.8
99.4
99.4
99.3
99.4
(3)
4100.0
100.2
100.2
97.6
97.2
(8)
101.2
102.0
97.6
96.4
98.9
98.8
100.4
104.1
107.0
108.2
108.2
112.8
114.8
117.8
121.0
127.1
(3)
per
hour.
100.0
98.6
97.8
99.3
95.9
94.7
98.5
98.3
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.2
100.0
100.0
99.4
99.4
99.4
99.4
97.8
95.8
96.1
96.1
94.7
94.7
106.5
109.4
109.5
113.2
115.7
116.3
109.9
115.4
120.8
125.7
(3)
4100.0 4 100.0 * 100.0
4 100.7
4 100.5
100.0
100.1
Rela
tive
rate of
101.0
100.2
100.0
100.6
100.1
per
hour.
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.7
99.5
98.8
98.4
98.7
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
101.1
100.0
100.5
99.5
99.4
100.2
100.3
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
100.0
100.4
100.4
Cant setters,
gang,6 male.
100.2
Choppers and
sawyers in
woods, male.
100.0
102.2
101.7
102.1
Filers, male.
100.1
Setters,2 male.
100.0
101.3
101.4
101.6
101.5
101.4
99.6
95.4
95.4
99.2
103.4
104.3
104.7
106.7
113.1
113.7
116.6
122.1
126.6
Laborers,«
•male.
100.0
100.3
100.1
100.1
100.2
100.0
100.1
100.0
100.3
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
100.0
100.8
100.3
100.3
99.3
99.3
100.4
100.3
100.0
99.8
99.5
99.2
98.9
98.4
98.7
98.1
97.1
96.8
96.6
96.4
Planer feeders,
male.
100.0
104.8
104.4
103.3
102.8
98.1
95.6
96.7
94.8
97.9
Edgermen,
male.
99.4
99.5
101.2
99.1
102.3
98.8
105.8
97.5
110.6
96.8
113.1
97.0
113.2
96.9
116.6
95.5
126.1
7 95.2 7 131.6
95.4
119.9
95.4
123.0
95.2
131.9
95.2
132.3 4100.0 4 100.0
95.4
133.9 499.7 4 103.2
Rela
tive
rate of
per
hour.
100.0
104.8
104.9
106.1
104.4
97.7
94.6
97.6
95.5
96.2
98.3
102.9
105.8
105.9
110.2
110.5
112.9
117.3
120.5
116.8
117.9
125.8
127.6
127.7
Sawyers, band,
male.
100.0
100.3
99.9
100.1
100.2
100.1
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.8
99.9
99.5
99.5
98.8
98.7
98.0
97.9
97.1
96.4
96.4
100.0
101.0
101.9
101.5
102.5
97.8
99.5
98.6
101.0
105.0
107.7
114.8
122.0
119.9
123.7
129.7
133.0
130.4
132.8
135.9
138.5
138.8
1 Employees reported as carriagemen for 1890 to 1911 are reported as doggers or setters for subsequent
years.
2 The occupations doggers and setters include employees reported as carriagemen for 1890 to 1911.
3 Discontinued.
4 Data for 1890 to 1910 not available; computed with 1911=100.
8 Employees reported in this occupation for 1890 to 1907 are reported as laborers for subsequent years.
6 This occupation includes employees reported as cant setters, gang, for 1890 to 1907.
7 Average of relatives of laborers and cant setters, gang, computed b y weighting the relatives for each of
those occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907.
10
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
R E LA T IV E NOMINAL FULL-TIM E HOURS PE R W E E K AND R E L A T IV E RA TE S OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRIN C IPA L OCCUPATIONS IN LUM BER MANUFACTUR
ING, 1890 to 1912—Concluded.
Sawyers, circular,
male.
Year.
Sawyers, gang,
male.
Relative Relative Relative Relative
nominal
nominal rate of
rate of full-time
full-time wages
per hours per wages per
hours per
hour.
hour.
week.
week.
Sawyers, resaw,
male.
! Trimmer operators,
|
male.
Relative Relative Relative
nominal
nominal Relative
rate of
full-time wages
full-time rate of
per
hours per hour.per hours per wages
hour.
week.
week,
Average, 1800-1899
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
189
189
189
189
189
0
1
2
3
4
101.0
100.6
100.8
104.9
105.4
100.0
97.7
97.7
98.5
98.3
93.5
100.4
100.3
100.1
100.2
100.1
113.7
108.9
106.1
107.2
97.2
189
189
189
189
189
5
6
7
8
9
100.6
100.0
95.2
95.5
107.0
106.7
100.1
99.9
99.7
99.7
99.7
97.4
90.5
88.9
94.5
95.5
190
190
190
190
190
0
1
2
3
4
120.1
99.7
99.7
99.7
100.7
99.8
98.9
99.2
96.2
98.1
104.4
120.8
122.4
97.2
96.7
96.7
96.7
119.7
124.4
129.8
122.6
123.8
99.7
98.9
98.9
98.9
98.9
106.0
109.7
110.2
104.3
104.9
128.2
128.5
129.9
96.7
97.0
97.0
126.6
123.1
123.0
98.9
98.9
98.9
104.8
106.0
106.6
100.5
102.8
102.9
101.2
100.1
99.7
99.4
99.5
95.0
94.9
93.7
98.2
96.9
96.9
97.8
96.3
99.6
103.5
107.2
113.9
190 5
190(5........................
1907........................
190S........................
190 9
97.7
97.0
96.8
96.8
96.8
191 0
191 1
191 2
96.8
97.0
97.0
118.0
128.0
126.9
100.0
100.0
100.2
100.2
100.0
100.0
99.9
99.9
99.9
99.5
99.5
98.8
99.1
98.7
110.0
113.6
115.4
119.3
122.1
1100.0
1100.0
1100.0
1101.6
1Data for 1890 to 1910 not available; computed with 1911=100.
In every occupation rates of wages declined following 1907, and in
no occupation did they again reach the 1907 level until 1910. The
decline was greatest for laborers, in which occupation rates of wages
per hour were 8.9 per cent lower in 1908 than in 1907.
The most significant facts concerning nominal full-time working
hours per week and rates of wages per hour in each of the principal
occupations of the industry are shown for 1907 to 1912, or for such
of those years as data are available, in the table which follows.
Owing to the difficulty in finding records for past years and also
owing to the great amount of work involved, data for 1907 to 1909
were secured from only a limited number of establishments.
In order, however, to permit of a true comparison of data from
year to year, information was secured from identical establishments
for 1907 to 1910, and when the work was enlarged in 1911, data
were secured for both 1910 and 1911 from the additional establish
ments, and when the work was again enlarged in 1912 data were
secured for both 1911 and 1912 from the additional establishments.
The data are for the pay-roll period ending nearest May 15 each
year, or, if paid only once a month, for the May pay roll, except
for a very few establishments where conditions in May were par
ticularly abnormal.
11
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
AVERAG E AND CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME W ORKING HOURS PE R W E E K
AND AV E R AG E AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF W AGES PE R HOUR IN EACH OF THE
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
Per cent of employees
Aver Per cent of employees whose
nominal full-time working
earning each classified
age
hours
per
week
were—
rate of wages per hour.
nom
Aver
Num inal
age
ber of full
Occupation, sex,
rate of
14
Over
18
and number of Year. em time
wages Un and
60
and
25
establishments.
ploy work
per
and
66. Over hour.
der un un cents
ees.
ing Un 60.
un
66.
14
der
der and
hours der
60.
der
cents. 18
per
25 over.
66.
cents. cents.
week.
Doggers, male:
852
273 establish /1911
\1912
869
ments.
Laborers, male:
T1907 4,097
41
establish 1908 3,662
‘ 1909 3,910
ments.
11910 4,582
0.9 $0.1791
.9
.1803
23.6
19.9
30.7
33.3
38.2
39.6
7.5
7.1
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.1
.1827
.1665
.1708
.1832
15.5
19.4
16.8
13.7
33.8
50.8
45.5
27.7
45.3
28.3
36.0
54.2
5.4
1.6
1.8
4.4
4.9
5.4
17.7
17.9
.6
.6
.1660
.1665
29.4
29.1
30.9
33.9
36.7
33.9
3.0
3.2
73.1
71.9
6.5
6.6
18.2
19.0
.7
1.0
.1621
.1641
31.3
31.2
36.6
37.0
28.9
27.7
3.1
4.3
1.7
.7
75.3
78.8
5.5
5.9
17.4
14.6
.1792
.1849
17.3
14.2
42.5
39.7
28.1
33.1
12.3
12.9
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
2.8
3.0
2.8
2.8
83.3
82.4
83.3
82.4
4.2
4.4
4.2
5.4
6.9
7.4
6.9
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.7
.2070
.1959
.1971
.1969
9.7
10.3
8.4
8.1
15.3
29.4
30.5
20.3
55.5
41.2
41.7
48.7
19.4
19.1
19.4
23.0
503
485
61.0
61.0
1.8
1.8
78.9
79.0
3.4
3.5
15.3
15.1
.6
.6
.2089
.2113
11.3
11.0
18.1
18.5
46.0
43.7
24.7
26.8
479
441
61.3
61.3
1.2
1.9
75.6
75.1
5.0
5.3
17.3
17.0
.8
.9
.2092
.2104
11.0
10.4
20.1
20.9
41.9
42.8
26.9
25.8
61.4
61.3
1.7
1.9
71.6
72.3
4.8
5.2
20.9
19.7
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
3.3
5.4
4.7
5.3
86.5
82.7
83.8
84.9
5.4
6.5
6.2
5.3
61.3
61.3
2.9
2.5
73.8
73.6
/1911 26,784
*1912 25,506
61.4
61.5
1.4
1.5
J1911
\1912
1,156
1,165
61.3
61.1
fl907
37
establish 1908
ments.
1l909
(1910
72
68
72
74
228 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
294 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
245 establish fl910 20,327
ments.
\1911 19,256
299 establish
ments.
Planer
feeders,
male:
178 establish
ments.
Trimmer opera
tors, male:
20
25
Un and and
30
der un un cents
20
der
der and
cents. 25
30 over.
cents. cents.
Carriage m e n ,
male:
(1907
41
establish 11908
ments.
11909
(1910
208
201
195
215
60.7
60.8
60.8
60.7
3.9
4.0
4.6
3.7
81.2
80.6
79.5
81.9
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.1
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.1
245 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
Edger men, male:
f 1907
41
establish 1908
ments.
11909
11910
1.327
1,298
61.4
61.3
2.2
2.2
72.9
73.9
4.7
4.8
19.7
18.4
.7
.7
79
78
77
84
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
2.6
3.9
3.9
3.6
82.3
80.8
80.5
82.1
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.0
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.0
245 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
585
569
61.2
61.2
1.9
1.9
75.6
76.1
5.2
5.5
U911
\1912
684
686
61.3
61.2
1.3
1.6
76.2
76.4
/1911
\1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
1.3
1.4
/1911
\1912
714
713
61.3
61.2
1.2
1.6
299 establish
ments.
Sawyers, resaw,
male:
98
establish
ments.
Setters, male:
301 establish
ments.
3.4 $0.2184
3.5
.2074
3.6
.2115
3.3
.2196
30.7
42.8
36.4
27.9
32.7
29.9
32.3
36.3
29.8
20.9
24.1
29.8
6.7
6.5
7.2
6.0
.2088
.2119
43.8
41.6
26.3
25.6
18.4
20.1
11.5
12.7
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.4
.2535
.2457
.2481
.2647
19.0
20.6
20.8
16.8
15.2
20.5
19.5
16.7
40.5
42.3
40.3
35.7
25.4
16.7
19.5
31.0
16.9
16.0
.5
.5
.2553
.2589
16.1
14.5
19.5
18.8
37.1
36.6
27.2
30.3
5.2
5.9
16.7
15.5
.6
.6
.2599
.2601
14.0
14.0
18.9
18.1
37.6
38.5
29.4
29.4
85.9
85.7
4.7
4.8
8.1
8.2
.2515
.2556
14.8
12.9
28.9
27.2
30.2
31.3
26.2
28.6
75.2
75.3
5.6
5.9
16.9
16.3
.2506
.2518
15.8
15.5
22.4
21.3
34.2
36.5
27.6
26.6
.8
1.0
12
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
A V E R A G E AND CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME W ORKING HOURS PER W EE K
AND A V E RAG E AND CLASSIFIED R A TE S OF W AGES P E R H OUR IN EACH OF THE
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN LUM BER MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
Num
Occupation, sex,
ber of
and number of Year. em
establishments.
ploy
ees.
Sawyers, g a n g ,
male:
Per cent of employees
Aver Per cent of employees whose
nominal full-time working
earning each classified
age
hours
per
week
were—
rate of wages per hour.
nom
Aver
inal
age
full
rate of
time
Over
25
30
wages
60
work Un
Un and and
per
40
ing
and
der
Over
un
un
hour.
cents
60.
66.
un
25
hours der
der
der and
66.
60.
der
per
cents. 30
40 over.
week.
66.
cents. cents.
(1907
establish 1908
ments.
11909
1910
6
6
6
6
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
52
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
64
60
61.4
61.6
66
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
74
75
61.6
61.6
5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.......
75.0
71.7
4.7
5.0
20.3
23.3
71.6
70.7
2.7
4.0
25.7
25.3
.......
$0.2708
.2558
.2583
.2642
33.3
33.3
16.7
66.7
50.0
33.3
50.0
33.3
16.7
33.3
33 3
.3092
.3006
22.0
23.4
21.9
23.3
32.8
33.3
23.4
20.0
.3061
.3058
19.0
14.6
27.0
30.7
31.1
32.0
23.0
22.7
40
Un and
der
un
40
der
cents. 50
cents.
Sawyers, b a n d ,
male:
50
and
60
un cents
der and
60 over.
cents.
f 1907
34
establish 11908
11909
ments.
11910
71
69
69
75
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
84.5
85.5
85.5
86.3
5.6
4.3
4.3
4.1
7.0
7.2
7.2
6.8
$0.4901
.4807
.4894
.5007
11.3
14.5
14.5
12.3
32.4
29.0
27.5
28.8
39.4
40.6
36.2
34.2
16.9
15.9
21.7
24.7
203 establish (1910
ments.
\1911
430
433
61.1
61.0
2.8
2.8
74.2
74.8
6.5
6.7
16.5
15.7
.5441
.5545
7.4
7.2
20.7
19.2
34.0
32.3
37.9
41.3
243 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
Sawyers, circular,
male:
T1907
12
establish 11908
ments.
11909
[1910
509
493
61.1
61.1
2.0
2.4
76.0
76.7
6.3
6.1
15.7
14.8
. 5511
.5523
8.1
7.3
17.3
18.7
35.2
33.5
39.5
40.6
14
14
13
14
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.1
71.4
71.4
69.2
71.4
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.1
14.3
14.3
15.4
14.3
.5448
.5186
.5254
.5501
7.1
7.1
7.7
21.4
35.7
30.8
35.7
42.9
28.6
38.5
28.6
28.6
28.6
23.1
35.7
58
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
81
78
61.9
62.0
1.2
1.3
66.7
65.4
2.5
2.6
25.9
26.9
3.7
3.8
.4964
.4976
11.1
11.6
32.1
29.5
39.5
41.0
17.3
17.9
72
establish T1911
\1912
ments.
95
94
62.5
62.5
1.1
1.1
56.8
58.5
4.2
4.3
34.7
29.8
3.2
6.4
.5036
.5091
11.6
14.9
28.4
19.1
42.1
46.8
17.9
19.1
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.
The industry covered in this report is the manufacture of lumber,
including planing and kiln-drying when carried on directly in con
nection with the sawmill. During the earlier years of the 23-year
period covered by this report, employees planing lumber in a few
establishments engaged in planing lumber in connection with lumber
mills were included in the “ planing-mill products” or “ millwork”
industry; but during the later years of the period the Bureau has
included such establishments under lumber manufacturing, as the
planing is in most cases done immediately following and in connec
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
13
tion with the sawing of lumber, and is therefore quite properly
considered a part of the lumber industry.
The number of establishments for which data concerning rates of
wages per hour and nominal full-time hours of work per week were
secured has varied considerably during the 23-year period, as follows:
1890 to 1903...................................................... ...56 identical establishments.
1903 and 1904................................................... ...49 identical establishments.
1904 and 1905................................................... ...69 identical establishments.
1905 and 1906................................................... ...68 identical establishments.
1906 and 1907................................................... ...75 identical establishments.
1907 to 1910...................................................... ...40 identical establishments.
1910 and 1911................................................... 245 identical establishments.
1911 and 1912................................................... 301 identical establishments.
The data for 1907 to 1911 were secured in 1911, and the number
of establishments included for the period 1907 to 1910 was small,
owing to the difficulty in finding establishments which had preserved
complete records for those years.
In order that data from year to year may be entirely comparable,
it is necessary that information be secured from identical establish
ments; therefore when in 1912 the number of establishments was
increased to 301 the Bureau also secured data for 1911 from all estab
lishments added, thus providing for an exact comparison of the two
years 1911 and 1912.
In selecting establishments from which to secure data the Bureau
undertook to represent all States in which lumber manufacturing is
of material importance, the measure of importance being the number
of employees as reported by the United States Census of Manufac
tures, 1905. In selecting establishments in 1912 every State having
7,000 or more employees (with the exception of two having slightly
less than 10,000) in the industry, according to the United States
Census of Manufactures in 1905, are represented. The table which
follows shows by States the number of employees in this industry,
as given in the reports of the United States Census Office for 1910
and 1905; the total number on the pay roll in the establishments
from which the Bureau secured data in 1912; and the number in the
selected occupations and for whom data were secured in 1912. Data
were secured from the pay roll ending nearest May 15, or if paid
only once a month from the May pay roll, except for a very few
establishments, where conditions in May were particularly abnormal.
The census figures for 1910 were not available at the time the work
for 1911 and 1912 was planned, and therefore the establishments
selected, as already stated, were distributed by States according to
the census of 1905. The relative importance of the various States,
as measured by the number of employees in this industry, changed
materially during the five years from 1905 to 1910; thus Louisiana
14
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
was first in 1910 and fourth in 1905, Mississippi was third in 1910 and
sixth in 1905, North Carolina was fifth in 1910 and twelfth in 1905,
Virginia was sixth in 1910 and fifteenth in 1905, and Wisconsin was
eighth in 1910 and first in 1905.
TOTAL NUMBER OF EM PLOYEES IN LUMBER MANUFACTURING AND NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS FROM WHICH DATA W ER E SECURED IN 1912.
Number of employees
reported by United
States census.
Establishments furnishing infor
mation to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in 1912.
Number of employees—
State.
1910
1905
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
°ro u ay
For whom
data were
secured.
Wisconsin.........................................................
Washington......................................................
Michigan...........................................................
Louisiana..........................................................
Arkansas...........................................................
25,445
41,684
27,325
43,996
31,404
28,118
28,023
27,460
26,353
22,298
24
19
25
21
19
3,179
4,435
3,044
5,270
5,035
2,302
2,300
2,188
2,848
2,576
Mississippi........................................................
Minnesota.........................................................
Pennsylvania....................................................
Georgia..............................................................
Tennessee..........................................................
32,106
16,650
15,707
18,110
19,233
21,233
17,213
16,674
15,364
14,900
15
8
14
16
27
3,440
2,325
1,205
1,663
1,762
1,894
1,583
768
1,199
1,109
Alabama............................................................
North Carolina.................................................
Texas.................................................................
California...........................................................
Virginia.............................................................
20,949
30,534
21,519
15,614
29,758
14,682
14,491
13,332
13,181
12,190
13
17
12
14
11
2,502
2,265
3,080
2,343
1,505
1,568
1,527
1,640
1,518
929
Maine.................................................................
West Virginia...................................................
Florida...............................................................
South Carolina..................................................
Oregon...............................................................
13,203
17,629
17,842
13,586
13,460
12,028
10,460
10,408
9,656
7,284
10
16
9
7
4
957
1,670
1,744
1,508
890
628
927
1,137
971
577
301
49,822
30,189
Other States1...................................................
81,424
69,278
United States.........................................
547,178
404,626
i Includes States having less than 11,000 each in 1910 and less than 10,000 each in 1905.
According to both the census of 1905 and the census of 1910 more
than 80 per cent of the total number of employees in the industry
are found in the 20 States in which the establishments furnishing
information to the Bureau of Labor Statistics are located.
The number of employees in the establishments from which the
Bureau secured 1912 data was equal to 9.1 per cent of the total in the
industry in 1910, and the number for which the Bureau secured
detailed information in 1912 was equal to 5.6 per cent of the total
in the industry in 1910.
All information included in this report was secured from pay rolls
of the various establishments by agents of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
15
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS.
The lumber industry as treated in this report, during the later
years of the 23-year period covered, begins with the work on the log
pond and ends with the delivery of the finished product to the carrier
for shipment. During the earlier years of the period choppers and
sawyers employed in cutting timber in the woods were also included.
Considerable difference in equipment and method of operation
exists in the various sections of the country, due in part to the size
of the logs, the size of the plant, and also* to some extent to the
nature of the output; that is, whether largely boards, largely timbers,
or a fair proportion of each.
The saw equipment of a sawmill consists of several or all of the
following: Band saw, gang saw, resaw, edger, trimmer, and slasher.
The band saw is a steel band or belt having a saw-tooth edge. This
saw is operated over two large wheels, one above and the other
below the saw deck. The circular saw is a large disk with the cut
ting teeth on the perimeter. The gang saw is a set of several straight
saws set parallel in a frame, which frame operates up and down as
the cant is propelled through it.
The band saw is much thinner than the circular and slightly thinner
than the gang, and therefore makes less waste in sawdust and a cor
respondingly greater marketable output from a given log. Resaws
are used to saw a board from a slab, to separate into halves the thicker
boards, to standardize boards of odd size, to cut boards having a bad
side to give a clear board, and to increase capacity.
The occupations for which data as to rates of wages and nominal
hours of labor are compiled by the Bureau are as follows:
Carriage men (subdivided into doggers and setters in 1911, 1912).
Edgermen.
Laborers.
Planer feeders.
Sawyers, band,
Sawyers, circular.
Sawyers, gang.
Sawyers, resaw.
Trimmer operators.
The description of the selected occupations follows.
CARRIAGE MEN (SETTERS AND DOGGERS).
The work on the carriage requires two or more men, who are known
as setters and doggers. The work of the two occupations is entirely
different and that of the setter is of a higher class and receives much
better pay than that of the dogger. The tssual carriage crew is com
posed of one setter and two doggers, but sometimes it is made up
of two setters and one dogger. In the latter case the setters work
alternate turns of one-fourth day each as setter and head dogger.
W hen this method of work prevails, the pay of the setter is somewhat
less than when he works steadily at the ratchet. The new man
begins at dogging on the back end of the carriage, and the line of
16
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
promotion is from that to head dogger, thence to setter, and finally
to that of sawyer.
The dogger secures the log in place by means of barbs or “ dogs”
located in the headblocks of the carriage. These “ dogs ” are operated
through levers, by which a downward movement drives them into
the log and secures it in place, while an upward movement releases
it for turning, etc.
It is the duty of the setter to move the log into position for each
successive line to be sawed. He does this by means of a ratchet
connected with the headblocks by a shaft and cogs. The ratchet
is turned by a lever and it has a graduated dial and indicator by
wfrich the setter determines when the log is in position for the desired
cut. In some mills the setter moves the log by hand power with a
lever connected with a ratchet as stated above, but in others the
ratchet is moved by steam power, and in this case the setter controls
the power by a short lever.
EDGERMEN.
The edger is a machine having adjustable saws, used to remove
the rough edges from the boards and to reduce them to specified
widths. The duties of the edgerman are to adjust the saws of the
edger to cut the desired widths and to feed the boards into the machine.
H e inspects the boards to determine the width and adjusts the
saws by means of levers.
LABORERS.
This occupation includes the following subdivisions:
In sawmill:
Cant setters.
Deck men.
Dock men.
Edger helpers.
Edger tailers.
Gang tailers.
Pond men.
Resaw tailers.
Saw tailers.
Sawyer helpers, resaw.
Sizer men.
Slasher men.
Sorters.
Stackers, kiln, shed, yard.
Transfer men.
Trimmer loaders.
Truckers, shed, yard..
Unstackers.
In planing mill:
Feeder helpers.
Loaders, buggy, dolly, truck, and
railroad car.
Off-bearers or machine tailers.
Setters, truck or dolly.
Shed men.
Tiers or tiers-up.
Truckers.
C a n t s e t t e r s .— The work of the cant setter is that of placing the
cants in position for the gang saw. A cant is a log from which two
slabs have been sawed from two opposite sides. If the cants are made
from small logs they may be piled one on top of another to a height that
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
17
will barely pass through the machine, and the cants are also placed
side by side to make up the desired width. The logs are moved over
rolls as a rule and the work is mainly done by hand with the aid
of cant hooks and bars. A few plants have a power crane which
is used in setting heavy cants.
D e c k m e n .— The duties of the deck men are to keep the logs straight
on the log deck and to roll them down for loading on the carriage.
The deck inclines downward to the carriage in order that gravity may
do a good deal of the work of rolling down, but irregularities in the
logs make the work of the deck men necessary.
D o c k m e n .— Usually the men who handle the timbers going
directly from the saw mill to the timber dock as well as those working
on the dock and at loading are called dock men. It is not uncommon
for the dock men to be known by different names suggested by the
particular part of the work they do. The men who come immediately
after the live rolls and are the first ones to handle timbers leaving the
mill are sometimes called butting saw men. The men who move the
timbers over the rolls from the sawmill to the yard are called roll men
or roller men. Those working immediately on the dock may be
called skid men and loaders.
E d g e r h e l p e r s .— In large mills the edger man has one or more
helpers whose duty it is to place the boards in such position on the
edger table that the edgerman may readily inspect them and be
able to adjust his machine without loss of time.
E d g e r t a i l e r s .— These employees are stationed beside the live rolls
behind the edger and removes the strips or edgings to the slasher
conveyor. This conveyor runs beneath the edger roll table and at
right angles to it, so the edgings are simply pulled off the side of the
roll table and dropped on the conveyor.
G a n g t a i l e r s .— The men who work behind the gang saw and take
care of the product of that machine are called tailers. They pick
out the shims, bark, and other material that becomes entangled or
gets in the way, keep the boards in position if they tend to fall down,
and, when the sawing is completed, transfer them to the edger. The
work is all done by hand except the transferring, which is done by
live rolls controlled by a lever.
P o n d m e n .— The men working on the pond propel the logs to the
foot of the incline and start them on the chain which carries them
up to the log deck in the mill. They stand on a board walk barely
above the surface of the pond, on a small flatboat, or even on the
floating logs themselves to do their work, and use a pike pole with
which to propel the logs. Incidentally, these men raise the logs
which may have sunk in the pond and carry them to the chain by
supporting them on the surface of the water.
93372°—Bull. 129— 13------ 2
18
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS,
R e s a w t a i l e r s .— This employee works behind the resaw, takes
the waste material from the roll table and places it on the conveyor
beneath. If a given slab is capable of yielding another board, it is
placed on another conveyor which returns it to the front of the
resaw.
S a w t a i l e r s .— The slabs, the boards, and the timbers must be
removed promptly from the band and circular saws and the accom
plishment of this work is the chief duty of the saw tailer. The actual
removal of the material is achieved by “ live ro lls/’ but some of the
material takes a diagonal position on the rolls as it falls from the
saw, and the saw tailer must straighten this so that it will go straight
over them. To do this, he uses a short-handled, sharp-pointed hook,
with which he catches the rear end of the timber, board, or slab,
and moves it toward or from him, as the case may be, so that it wrill
run straight. Slabs do not run well over the rolls with the bark side
down, so the saw tailer, using his hook, gives the slab a quick pull
from the lower edge just as it is cut off and causes it to fall face down.
The boards are transferred from the live rolls by this employee by
means of two levers. The one lifts a stop on the roll table and bars
the progress of the boards, while the other lifts a set of transfer
chains which run across the live rolls and pick up the boards and
deposit them in front of the edger. In some cases the saw tailer
also removes the slabs from the live rolls to the slasher conveyor
with the same kind of device used for transferring the boards to the
edger. In other cases this work is done by the slasher man. A
band mill has a guide through which the band saw runs to hold it
steady and cause it to run true through the log. The position of
this guide is immediately above the log and of course to meet this
demand, the guide must be adjustable. It is the duty of the saw
tailer to adjust this guide, which he does with a lever. This duty
does not apply in the case of a circular saw, but every other duty of
the tailer is the same in both types of mill.
S a w y e r h e l p e r s , r e s a w .— When conditions demand it, one helper
or more assists the sawyer in placing the slabs in position on the
resaw table.
S i z e r m e n .— All of the employees under this occupation name are
timber handlers. The timbers are carried from the sawmill over the
dead rolls to the sizer, which reduces the timber to exact size, and
thence to the ramps or timber dock.
S l a s h e r m e n .— The slabs and edgings are thrown on a conveyor
and carried laterally through the slasher where they are cut into 4foot lengths. An employee who attends this conveyor and keeps
the material going smoothly is called a slasher man.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
19
S o r t e r s . — These employees stand alongside the sorting chain or
table, each one taking off a specified grade and placing it on the
trucks or dollies.
S t a c k e r s , k i l n .— The stacking by hand for the kilns is done in
the same manner as the yard stacking, but this work when done by
machine or patent stacker, as it is frequently called, is quite a different
work, yet it is not skilled labor. The power stacker is a chain
transfer apparatus which stacks the boards automatically and
requires a smaller number of employees to handle the output of a
mill than is necessary to do the work by hand. The movements
of the machine are controlled by a lever, and when one layer has been
placed it is stopped, the strips laid, the machine started again and
another layer placed; in this way the operation is repeated until a
full car is stacked.
S t a c k e r s , s h e d .— The shed stackers take care of the storing of the
kiln-dried lumber. They stack or pile the product in the shed, work
ing in somewhat the same way as the stackers in the yard, except
that no transverse strips are placed between successive layers of
boards.
S t a c k e r s , y a r d .— This is the work of storing the lumber in the yard
for air drying. The men work in pairs, one, standing on the stack
which he is building, receives the boards from the other, who stands
on the ground and passes the boards to him one by one. In piling the
lumber transverse sticks are placed at intervals between the layers in
order to permit the passage of air through the piles and thus expedite
the drying. An occasional mill delivers the lumber to the yard on
wagons, which dump the load in the driveway, and men remove this
and stack or pile it against the stack upon which it is to be placed.
This work is also called stacking.
T r a n s f e r m e n .— Between the live-roll tables and the trimmer is a
chain transfer or conveyor which delivers the product in front of the
trimmer and one man usually attends this for the purpose of disen
gaging entangled boards. He is sometimes called conveyor man.
Following the work of sorting, the lumber is sometimes handled on a
transfer car, and employees handling this work are called transfer men.
This work differs from that of the transfer man inside the mill. The
transfer car runs on a track parallel to the sorting table and in a de
pression which brings the top of the car on a level with the floor upon
which the trucks stand. These are on tracks running at right angles
to the sorting table, and there are corresponding tracks across the top
of the transfer car. Transfer men remove the trucks to the transfer
car and by it carry them either to the desired track leading to the yard,
or to some other place from which the trucks can be taken by team to
the yard. There is also a similar track arrangement and transfer car
between the sorting table or stacker and the kiln. The cars in both
20
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
these cases are usually moved by hand and the operators are called
transfer men.
T r im m e r l o a d e r s .— The chain transfer which conveys the lumber
to the trimmer ends at the front of the trimmer. Two men, called
trimmer loaders, stand here on opposite sides of the conveyor and lift
the lumber from the conveyor to the trimmer. They place it so that
it will be drawn to the saws regularly and in position to be trimmed
most economically.
Other employees are engaged behind the trimmer to keep the prod
uct running smoothly on the sorting chain and the waste going into
the burner conveyor.
From the trimmer the product passes over a long sorting table, or
sorting chain, as it is frequently called, and one or more laborers are
usually employed on this to take care of entanglements and move
short stock over to one side.
T r u c k e r s , s h e d .— Trucking to the shed is handwork and consists
of moving the loaded trucks from the kilns to the dry shed.
T r u c k e r s , t a r d .— These employees move the loaded trucks from
the sorting chain to the yard.
U n s t a c k e r s .— After the cars have been removed from the kilns,
the unstackers remove the lumber from them to the trucks preparatory
to carrying to the dry shed for storage or to the planing mill for further
manufacture.
If the entire product of the mill goes through the kilns it may not
be graded while green, but after being dried. In this case the un
stackers place the lumber on the head end of a sorting chain or table
and it is then graded and sorted in the same manner as at the green
sorting chain behind the trimmer. In this way there may be graders
and sorters at the kilns.
F e e d e r h e l p e r s .— W hen heavy stock is being planed, the feeder
has an assistant called a helper. He aids the feeder in placing the
lumber in position for the machine. He incidentally learns the work
of feeding and may succeed to that position.
L o a d e r s , t r u c k o r d o l l y a n d r a i l r o a d c a r .— Lumber is placed
on trucks or dollies for transportation about the plant and on railroad
cars for shipment by men designated as loaders.
O f f - b e a r e r s o r m a c h i n e t a i l e r s .— If the machine is turning out
material that does not require grading an employee called a tailer or
off-bearer stands behind it and removes the product.
S e t t e r s , t r u c k o r d o l l y .— This work is that of the common
laborer, and consists of removing the empty truck and placing the
loaded one in position for the machine feeder.
S h e d m e n .— Lumber which is not for immediate shipment is stored
in a shed built for this purpose, and is stacked therein by men called
shed men or shed stackers.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
21
T iers or tiers - u p .— M olding and light boards, such as ceiling and
flooring, are tied in small bundles, and this work constitutes the duty
of the tier. The grader places the material in racks in the desired
quantity for a bundle and the tier secures the bundle with short pieces
of tarred cord and places it on a dolly.
T ruckers .— T he employees in this occupation move the loaded
hand trucks from place to place about the plant as conditions may
demand. In some cases, the same crew may do both loading and
trucking.
PLANER FEEDERS.
The work of the feeder is that of taking the lumber from the
truck or dolly and feeding it into the machine. His skill lies in
his ability to determine quickly the position that the board should
be given in order to get the best results. It frequently happens
that he must turn the board over or even turn it end for end. On
what are known as slow machines it is possible for the feeder to place
the boards in position to get the very best results and highest grade
of product, but a feeder of a fast machine must place the boards prac
tically as they come to him.
SAW YERS, BAND OR CIRCULAR.
The duties of the sawyer are the same in both the band and circular
mill. He controls the speed of the saw, the movements of the car
riage holding the log, and also the “ nigger,” a power appliance used
to turn the log on the carriage. In this work he uses levers, and his
efficiency depends upon his ability to make the movements of the
carriage prompt and uniform, as well as to make the manipulation of
the nigger sure and timely, and above all to determine how to saw the
log with the least waste and get from it the most desirable size and
quality of lumber. The successful working of the entire plant de
pends upon the sawyer more than upon any other one wageworker
in the mill. The setter and the dogger work under the sawyer’s
direction.
SAW YER S, GANG.
The duties of the gang sawyer are to adjust the pressure rolls which
hold the logs in position for the gang saw and to regulate the feed of
the machine. Large cants may be sawed singly, but small ones are
stacked one on top of another and side by side to make a load as large
as can be put through the machine. W hen the cants have been placed
in position the sawyer, by use of a lever, lowers the pressure rollers
which lie on top of the cants and hold them firmly in position as they
pass through the machine. The rolls upon which the cants lie drive
them through the machine. B y the use of another lever the speed of
22
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
the feed is controlled; if the timber is hard or the load especially large
the feed may be slower, while if the timber is soft or the load small
the feed may be faster.
SAW YER S, RESAW.
Some mills conserve a part of the waste by resawing all slabs that
are thick enough to make one or more short boards, while others relieve
their band or circular saw by making the boards double the desired
thickness and reducing this heavy stock by the resaw. For resawing
slabs, the machine is usually a horizontal band saw and for resawing
heavy stock, a vertical one is used.
The resaw sawyer has charge of the operation of resawing and intro
duces the slabs face down to the machine, while the heavy boards are
fed into the resaw edge down.
TRIM M ER OPERATORS.
The trimmer is a machine used to cut boards to standard length, to
square the ends, and to cut off slab ends of boards. It has saws set
at intervals across and below the surface of the machine. The board
goes across the machine sidewise, and such saw as is desired to cut the
board is raised into position by the operator.
This employee usually occupies a pulpit located several feet in
front of the trimmer and immediately over the conveyor. He
accomplishes his work in different ways, depending on the construc
tion of the machine. Some have cords properly attached with
ends hanging in front of the operator, who pulls the cord representing
the saw which he desires to bring into operation; some have levers
which accomplish the same work; while others have a keyboard and
keys communicating with a pneumatic lift. In a small mill the saw
operator helps to load the trimmer and operates the saws by means
of foot levers located near the floor at the loader’s position.
EXPLANATION OF TABLES.
This report includes six general tables covering the six-year period
1907 to 1912. Three of the general tables present data as to rates of
wages per hour and three present data as to nominal full-time hours
of work per week, as follows :
Table I.— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States,
by years, 1907 to 1912.
Table I I .— Classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by
States, 1907 to 1912.
Table I I I .— Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by
years, 1907 to 1912.
Table IY .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
the United States, by years, 1907 to 1912.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER,
23
Table V .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each year, by States, 1907 to 1912.
Table V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each State, by years, 1907 to 1912.
T a b l e I .— Classified rates o f wages per hour in the United States,
by years, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 26 to %8).— This table summarizes the data
concerning rates of wages secured from the whole number of estab
lishments furnishing information. For each of the principal occupa
tions, doggers, edgermen, laborers, planer feeders, band sawyers,
circular sawyers, gang sawyers, resawyers, setters, and trimmer
operators, data are shown, as far as available, for each of the six
years 1907 to 1912.
The table is divided into two sections, the first section showing the
number and the second section the per cent of employees earning
each classified rate of wages per hour. In addition to showing classi
fied rates of wages, the table shows number of establishments from
which data were secured, number of employees, average nominal
hours per week, and average rate of wages per hour.
The rate of wages per hour was computed for each employee in the
case of time workers by dividing the daily or weekly rate by the
number of hours per day or week, and in the case of pieceworkers
and those working both as time workers and pieceworkers by
dividing the amount earned during the pay-roll period by the hours
actually worked.
As previously stated, comparisons from year to year can be made
only between identical establishments, and data in this table are
presented for identical establishments in such a way as to make
possible comparisons from year to year.
The relative nominal full-time hours per week and the relative
rates of wages per hour for 1907 to 1912, shown on pages 9 to 10,
are computed from the averages shown in this table. The method
of computing the relatives can best be explained by using an illus
tration: Thus for laborers the average nominal hours per week in 41
establishments was 60.5 in 1907 and 60.6 in the same 41 establish
ments in 1908. The average in 1908 (60.6) was 100.17 per cent of the
average (60.5) in 1907. Bulletin 77 (July, 1908) shows that for
nominal hours per week for laborers the relative was 95.2 in 1907
(average for 1890-1899 = 100.0). The average nominal hours for
1908 were then reduced to a comparison with the base period (average
for 1890-1899 = 100.0) by computing 100.17 per cent of 95.2, which
is 95.4. The same method was followed in computing the relative
rate of wages per hour; the average in 1908 ($0.1665) was 9L13 per
cent of the average in 1907 ($0.1827); the relative (average for 1 8901899 = 100.0) for 1907 as shown in Bulletin 77 was 131.6; and 91.13
per cent of 131.6 is 119.9, or the relative rate of wages per hour in
24
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
1908 if the average for 1890-1899 is the base or 100.0. In computing
for this occupation the relatives for 1911, comparison was made of the
data for 245 identical establishments, and in computing the relatives
for 1912 comparison was made of the data from 299 identical
establishments.
T a b l e I I .— Classified rates o f wages per hour in each year, by States,
1907 to 1912 (pp. 29 to Ifi).— This table affords an easy comparison of
rates of wages per hour in the several States. It shows for each of
the principal occupations the number of employees earning each
classified rate of wages per hour. Under each year, 1907 to 1912,
or for such of those years as data are available, the data are shown
for each of the States represented by any considerable number of
employees. In addition to classified rates of wages, average rates of
wages per hour and average nominal hours per week are shown.
T a b l e I I I .— Classified rates o f wages per hour in each State, by
years, 1907 to 1912 (pp. J^l to 55).— This table affords an easy compari
son of rates of wages per hour in the several years, 1907 to 1912. It
shows for each of the principal occupations the number of employees
earning each classified rate of wages per hour. For each of the more
important States in this industry the data are shown for each of the
six years, 1907 to 1912, or for such of those years as data are available.
In addition to classified rates of wages, average rates of wages per
hour and average nominal hours per week are shown.
T a b l e I V .— Classified nominal full-time hours o f work per week in
the United States, by years, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 56 to 58).— This table
summarizes the data concerning nominal hours of work per week
secured from the whole number of establishments furnishing infor
mation. For each of the principal occupations, doggers, edgermen,
laborers, planer feeders, band sawyers, circular sawyers, gang sawyers,
resawyers, setters, and trimmer operators, data are shown, as far as
available, for each of the six years, 1907 to 1912. B y nominal hours
per week is meant full time not excluding time shut down owing to
temporary depression or other cause temporary in nature.
The table is divided into two sections, the first section showing the
number and the second the per cent of employees under each classified
number of nominal working hours per week. In addition to showing
classified nominal hours, the table shows number of establishments
from which data were secured, number of employees, and average
nominal hours per week.
In using this table comparisons from year to year should be made
of identical establishments. The data are so arranged that such
comparisons are easily made.
T a b l e V . — Classified nominal fullrtime hours o f work per week in
each year, by States, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 59 to 70).— This table affords an easy
comparison of nominal hours of work per week in the several States.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
25
It shows for each of the principal occupations the number of employees
under each classified number of nominal working hours per week.
Under each year, 1907 to 1912, or for such of those years as data are
available, the data are shown for each of the States represented by
any considerable number of employees. In addition to classified
nominal hours, average nominal hours per week are shown.
T a b l e V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours for worTc per weelc in
each State, by years, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 71 to 83).— This table affords an
easy comparison of nominal hours of work per week in the several years,
1907 to 1912. It shows for each of the principal occupations the num
ber of employees under each classified number of nominal working hours
per week. For each of the more important States in this industry,
the data are shown for each of the six years, 1907 to 1912, or for such
of those years as data are available. In addition to classified nominal
hours, average nominal hours of work per week are shown. The gen
eral tables follow.
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
26
T able
I — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED
STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each biackoted group of years are identical.]
NUM BER.
Num
Occupation, sex,
ber of
and number of Year. em
ploy
establishments.
ees.
C a r r ia g e men,
male:
41
establish
ments.
establish
ments.
Doggers, male:
273 establish
ments.
Edgermen, male:
245
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
12
18
19
18
16
15
13
13
20
28
29
19
22
10
10
60
63
78
.2119
173
151
116
126
192
170
73
68
349
332
61.4
61.3
.1791
.1803
171
148
116
128
146
162
51
66
274
278
3
12
60.7 $0.2184
60.8 .2074
60.8 . 2115
60.7 .2396
1907
1908
1909
1910
208
/1910
\191i
1,327
1,T~
61.4
61.3
(1911
\1912
852
201
195
215
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hon
Aver
age
rate
10 12 14 10 18 20 25 30 40 , 50
un and and and and and and and and and and 60
of
wages der un un un un un un un un un un cts.
10 der der der der der der der der der der and
per
hour. cts. 12 14
18
20 25 30 40 50 60 over.
16
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
2
13
68
41
establish
ments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.
.2535
. 2457
. 2*81
.2647
2
2
245 establish
ments.
1910
L1911
61.2
61.2
.2553
.2589
17
17
21
299 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
61.3
61.2
.2599
.2601
16
16
23
25
(1907 4,097
41
establish J190.8 3,662
11909 3,910
ments.
11910 4,582
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
.1827
. 1605
. 1708
. 1832
245 establish /1910 20,327
ments.
\1911 19,256
61.3
61.3
. 1660 543 2,822 2,600 2,522 3,760 5, 162 5,309
.1655 299 2,664 2,638 2,566 3,963 2,072 %440
1911 26,784
L1912 25,506
61.4
61.5
.1621
. 1641
1911
,1912
1,156
1,165
61.3
61.1
.1791
.1849
1907
1908
1909
1910
71
73
60.
60.8
60.8
60.7
.4901
.4807
. 4894
. 5007
203 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
430
433
61.1
61.0
.5441
.5545
83
163
179
243 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
509
493
61.1
61.1
.5511
.5523
92
201
200
1907
1908
1909
1910
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
.5448
.5186
.525*1
.5501
4
4
3
5
58
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
61.9
62.0
.4964
.4976
14
14
1912
62.5
62.5
.5036
.5091
Laborers, male:
299 establish
ments.
Planer feeders,
male:
178 establish
ments.
Sawyers, band,
male:
34
establish
ments.
Sawyers, circular,
male:
12
establish
ments.
ments.
{
163
227
226
252
392
370
328
312
4
3
26
6
2
16
15
14
4
3
4
17
33
22
114
107
19
31
34
129
124
20
21
440 948
578 1,
402 1,375
321 950
378 1,478
426 612
676 732
816 1,667
3,649 t, 238 4,510 5,312 2,274 5,469
3,291 4,303 4,257 5,179 1,927 5,121
152
138
203
162
300
84
119
240
267
12
11
15
18
8
27
18
40
44
17
18
27
WAGES AND HOUIiS OF LAB OB, 1890 TO 1912— -LTJMBEK.
T able
I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PEE HOUR IN THE UNITED
STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
N U M BE R —Concluded.
Average
Num nom
Occupation, sex,
ber of inal
and number of Year. em- full
ploy- time
establishments.
hours
per
weak.
Sawyers,
male:
5
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate
10 12 14 16 IS 20 25 30 40 50
of Un and and and and and and and and and and 60
wages der un un un un un un un un un un cts.
per
10 der der der der der der der der der der and
hour. ets. 12 14
18 20 25 30 40 50 60 over.
16
cts. ets. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. ets. cts. cts.
gang,
establish
ments.
1907
1908
1909
,1910
60.0 0.2708
60.0 .2558
60.0 .2583
60.0 .2642
52
establish fl910
ments.
\1911
66
establish
ments.
Sawyer, resaw,
male:
98 establish
ments.
Setters, male:
301 establish
ments.
Trimmer opertors, male:
/1911
11912
61.4
61.6
.3092
.3006
61.6
61.6
. 3061
.3058
/1911
\1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
.2515
.2556
non
11912
714
713
61.3
61.2
.2506
.2518
160
152
11907
1908
72
72
74
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
.2070
.1959
.1971
33
18
18
27
228 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
503
485
61.0
61.0
.2113
294 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
479
441
61.3
61.3
.2092
.2104
37 establish
ments.
1909
1910
68
37
192
185
36
176
165
31
P E R CENT.
C arriage men,
male:
60.7 $0.2184
60.8 .2074
60.8 .2115
60.7 .2196
1.4
5.8
9.0
9.7
8.4
7.7 9.6 6.2 32.7 29.8
7.5 13.9 10.9 29.9 20.9
6.7 14.9 5.1 32.3 24.1
6.0 8.8 4.7 36.3 29.8
6.7
6.5
7.2
6.0
(1907
11908
11909
11910
208
201
195
215
/1910
\1911
1,327
1,-298
61.4
61.3
.2088 0.1
.2119 .1
2.0 13.0
1.9 11.6
/1911
\1912
852
869
61.4
61.3
.1791
. 1803
____
3.3 20.1 13.6 17.1
2.9 17.0 14.7 18.6
6.0 32.2 7.5
7.6 32.0 7.1
79 60.7
78 60.7
77 €0.7
84 60.7
.2535
.2457
.2481
.2647
____
2.5
2.6
2.6
585
569
61.2
61.2
.2553
.2589
684
299 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
686
Laborers, male:
f 1907 4,097
41
establish 11908 3,662
ments.
11909 3,910
11910 4,582
61.3
61.2
.2599
.2601
____
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
.1827
.1065
,1708
.1832
1.9
3.1
2.6
1.4
245 establish J1910 20,327
ments.
\1911 19,258
61.3
61.3
.1660 2.7 13.9 12.8 12.4 18.5 10.6 26.1 2.9
.1655 1.6 13.8 13.7 13.3 20.6 10.8 23.1 3.0
.1
.2
.... ....
299 establish /1911 26,784
\1912 25,506
ments.
61.4
61.5
.1621 1.9 13.6 15.8 16.8 19.8
.1641 1.4 12.9 16.9 16.7 20.3
.3
.6
* 7 i ------ ’ o f
41 ©stab I i b h
-
m en t3 .
245 e s ta b lis h
ments.
Doggers, male:
273 establish
ments.
Edgermen, male:
f 1907
41
establish J1908
11909
ments.
11910
245 establish J1910
ments.
\1911
____
1.5
____ _____
.........
.2
5.5 26.3 18.4 11.4 0.1
5.2 25.6 20.1 12.6 .1
......
____ ____ . . . . . . . . .
____ ____ . . . . .
2.6
2.4
2.5 8.9
5.1 10.3
3.9 7.8
4.8 4.8
3.8
2.6
3.9
4.8
.3
.4
2.9
8.0
4.4
3.7
2.9
3.5
5.6 19.5 37.1 25.8 1.2
3.9 18.8 36.6 28.5 1.6
.2
.2 .......
.7
.3
2.3
2.3
3.4
3.6
3.1
2.8
4.5 18.9 37.6 27.0 2.3
5.0 18.1 38.5 26.8 2.5
.1
.1
.... .....
1.3
8.7 14.5
9.7 13.1
.... . . . . .
. . . . ..........
.... .....
. . . . . . . . ..........
__
15.2 40.5 24.1
20.5 42.3 15.4
19.5 40.3 18.2
16.7 35.7 27.4
4.0 9.6 10.7 23.1 9.2 36.1 5.2
6.2 10.1 15.8 35.0 11.6 16.7 1.5
5.8 8.4 10.3 35.2 17.3 18.7 1.7
5.5 6.8 7.0 20.7 17.8 36.4 4.3
i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
8.5 20.4 2.8
7.6 20.1 3.6
1.3 . . . .
1.3 . . . .
1.3
2.4 i. 2
2 .... ....
.*1 ____ ____
.1 ____ . . . .
.1
....
.....
.....
..........
..........
.....
.....
..........
..........
..........
.......
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
28
T able
I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED
STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
P E R C E N T —Concluded.
Num
Occupation, sex,
ber of
and number of Year. em
establishments.
ploy
ees.
Planer feeders,
male:
178 establish 13911
\1912
ments.
Sawyers, band,
male:
1907
34
establish 1908
ments.
1909
1910
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
1,156
1,165
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12
14
20 25 30 40 50
rate
10
16
18
of Un and and and and and and and and and and 60
wages der un un un un un un un un un un cts.
per
10 der der der der der der der der der der and
14
hour. cts. 12
18
20
25 30 40 50 60 over.
16
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
61.3 $0.1792
61.1 .1849 o.*i
4.2 13.1 17.6 24.9 7.3 20.8 10.6 1.6 0.1
. . . . .......
2.3 11.8 13.9 25.8 10.2 22.9 11.2 1.7
71
69
69
73
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
4901
4807
4894
5007
203 establishr /1910
ments.
\19U
430
433
61.1
61.0
.5441
.5545
243 establish (1911
\1912
ments.
Sawyers, circular,
male:
1907
12
establish 1908
1909
ments.
1910
509
493
61.1
61.1
.5511
.5523
14
14
13
14
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
.5448
.5186
.5254
.5501
7.1 21.4 42.9
7.1 35.7 28.6
7.7 30.8 38.5
35.7 28.6
58
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
81
78
61.9
62.0
.4964
.4976
2.5 8.6 32.1 39.5 17.3
2.6 9.0 29.5 41.0 17.9
72
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
Sawyers, gang,
male:
1907
5
establish 1908
ments.
1909
1910
95
94
62.5
62.5
.5036
.5091
6
6
6
6
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2708
.2558
.2583
.2642
52
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
64
60
61.4
61.6
.3092
.3006
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.6 17.2 21.9 32.8 20.3 3.1
1.7 18.3 23.3 33.3 20.0
/1911
\1912
74
75
61.6
61.6
.3061
.3058
2.7
1.3
1.4
5.3
2.7 12.2 27.0 31.1 23.0
2.7 5.3 30.7 32.0 22.7
/19U
\1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
.2515
.2556
/1911
\1912
714
713
61.3
61.2
.2506
.2518
1907
1908
1909
1910
72
68
72
74
60.7
60.7’
60.7'
60.7’
.2070
. 1959
.1971
. 1969
228 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
503
485
61. C1 .2089
61. C1 .2113
294 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
47S
441.
61.2t .2092
61.2! .2104
{
66
establish
ments.
Sawyers, resaw,
male:
98
establish
ments,
Setters, male:
301 establish
ments.
Trimmer opera
tors, male:
^ 37
establish
ments.
{
11.3 32.4 39.4
14.5 29.0 40.6
14.5 27.5 36.2
12.3 28.8 34.2
....
....
16.9
15.9
21.7
24.7
....... ....... ....... ....... .......
.2
.5
.5 6.7 20.7 34.0 37.9
.2 6.5 19.2 32.3 41.3
....... ....... ....... ....... .......
.6
.4
.6 6.9 17.3 35.2 39.5
.6 6.3 18.7 33.5 40.6
....... ....... ....... ....... .......
28.6
28.6
23.1
35.7
3.2 8.4 28.4 42.1 17.9
2.1 4.3 8.5 19.1 46.8 19.1
66.7 33.3
33.3 50.0 16.7
33.3 33.3 33.3
16.7 50.0 33.3
3.4
3.4
6.0
5.4
5.4 28.9 30.2 25.5
4.1 27.2 31.3 27.9
.7
.7
4.9
3.8
3.5 22.4 34.2 27.5
4.5 21.3 36.5 26.5
.1
.1
....
.1
.1
2.7
2.1
4.6
5.0
....
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.7
6.9
7.4
5.6
5.4
1.4
8.8
6.9
4.1
2.2
2.1
8. S 7.4 10.7
8. S 7.4 11.1
7.8 38.2 16.9 7.2
5.6 38.1 19.2 7.0
3.1
3.4
7. S 8.8 11.3
7.C 10.0 10.9
5.2 36.7 20.9 5.2 .8
5.4 37.4 19.0 5.7 1.1
.2
13.9 9.7 45.8 12.5 6.9
20.6 14.7 26.5 13.2 5.9
23.6 16.7 25.0 12.5 6.9
16.2 12.2 36.5 12.2 10.8
....
.......
.......
__ ...
... ......
.... ... .......
.6
.6 . . .
...
.......
.......
29
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912.
CARRIAGE M EN: Male.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber of
em
ploy-
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age Aver
nom age
inal
14
12
10
16
18 20 25 30 40 50
full rate of Un and
and and
and and and and and and 60
time per der un un un and
un un un un un un un cts.
hours hour. 10 der der der der der der der der der der and
per
14
cts. 12
16
25 30 40 50 60 over.
18 20
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1910.
Alabama.........
Arkansas........ .
California....... .
Florida........... .
Georgia............
108
39
53
Louisiana....... .
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi-----
58
28
121
108
91
59
64.7 $0.1484
61.3 .1913
60.3 .2472
62.6 .1675
.1513
63.
60.6
61.
60.0
60.0
64.6
.2016
.2790
.2445
.2966
.1542
.1526
.2554
.2258
.1583
.1777
.2001
North Carolina,
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania.,
South Carolina,
Tennessee.......
48
34
61.
59.
63.7
61.5
59.
Texas...............
Virginia...........
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
85
57
84
41
134
60.0
62.7
60.0
62.7
60.0
.1436
.2480
.2246
.2360
T o ta l....
245 1,327
61.4
.2088
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida............
Georgia............
60
106
33
53
64.7
61.2
60.4
62.6
63.9
.1503
.1918
.2564
.1691
.1557
Louisiana........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.
60
29
121
121
79
60.6
61.9
60.0
60.0
64.2
.2027
.2806
.2479
.2984
.1574
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania.,
South Carolina.
Tennessee........
15
42
34
60
61.9
59.8
63.6
61.5
59.
.1551
.2592
.2302
.1593
.1814
Texas...............
Virginia............
Washington___
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
76
57
80
41
134
60.0
62.7
60.0
62.7
60.0
.2026
.1447
.2448
.2300
.2378
61.3
.2119
21
1
8
22
15
19
7
42
4
10
4
11
16
22
6
6
5
5
2
1
4
17
7
1
2
5
2
48
9
14
1
30
7
11
4
12
1
18
5
3
15
4
23
9
2
2
22
6
10
37
8
2
2
2
15
7
10
4
17
20
6
2
20
17
2
2
1
1
15
2
58
25
12
12
13
45
5
1
2
13
15
78
6
6
21
5
11
14
18
2
3
1
1
14
1
30
11
35
12
2
24
25
3
42
19
50
27
173
116
192
73
8
22
15
17
7
43
3
10
4
10
14
21
8
7
5
6
1
3
14
11
17
1
2
349 244 151
1
1
1911.
Total___
245
1
1
12
1
25
36
16
12
3
27
10
9
3
18
5
3
13
3
22
7
3
2
18
6
14
22
8
2
2
2
15
5
9
170
68
10
16
1
39
12
22
9
5
2
1
151
126
5
18
13
6
4
18
18
2
2
1
1
52
24
10
13
15
50
8
2
1
14
16
89
9
4
16
5
12
10
19
2
5
1
32
3
42
21
39
28
10
45
39
69
32
39
27
64.8 $0.1352
60.9 .1687
60.2 .2276
63.2 .1495
64.1 .1362 “ ’ 2
8
1
2
20
10
12
10
3
26
332 261 163
1911.
13
19
13
9
13
1
14
DOGGERS: Male.
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida..............
Georgia..............
2
27
1
5
1
30
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PEE HOUR IN EACH YEAR
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
DOGGERS: Male—Concluded.
Aver
age
Num Num nom
ber of ber of inal
Year and State. estab em full
lish ploy time
ments. ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees-earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
10
rate of
wages Un and
per der un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
16
20
18
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
25
16
18 20
cts. c t s . c t s . cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
7
17
3
1
1011.
Louisiana........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi.......
60.5 $0.1816
63.8 .2209
60.0 .2176
60.0 .2311
64.3 .1411
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
Soutli Carolina.
Tennessee........
62.8
59.9
64.4
61.4
60.4
.1336
.2470
.2055
.1311
.1610
Texas...............
Virginia............
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
65
60.0
63.3
60.0
62.4
60.0
.1837
.1291
.2315
.1980
.2054
852
61.4
.1791
65.0
60.8
6Q.2
63.3
64.0
.1350
.1702
.1398
Louisiana....... .
Maine....... .......
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
60.5
64.0
60.0
60.0
64.3
.1826
.2090
.20*76
.2313
.1443
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee....... .
62.7
59-9
64.4
61.4
60.0
.1358
.2470
.1977
.1382
.1633
Texas...............
Virginia.......... .
Washington__
West Virginia.,
Wisconsin........
60.0
63.5
60-0
62.3
60.0
.1810
.1305
.2283
.2036
.2070
61.3
.1803
T o ta l....
273
15
30
20
2S
171
116
146
51
274
1912.
Alabama..........
Arkansas_____
California.........
Florida.. ..........
Georgia............
Total___
35
273
21
12
33
21
11
25
25
148
128
162
278
62
12
31
EDGERMEN: Male.
1910.
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida...............
Georgia..............
13
17
9
9
14
22
51
18
15
15
64.6 $0.1788
60.9 .2568
60.3 .3437
62.8 .2355
64.1 .1973
Louisiana..........
Maine....... .........
Michigan............
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
10
7
22
8
9
22
18
58
64
32
60.8
62.5
60.0
60.0
64.5
.2510
.2964
.2588
.3113
.1980
2
1
1
6
....... ..... .....
2
3
1
1
5
1
4
2
8
1
57
13
31
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T a b l e X L — CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
EDGERMEN: Male—Concluded.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age Aver
Num
age
ber of inal rate
12
14
of
10
16
18
20 25 30 40 50
em full wages
Un and and and and and. and and and and and 60
ploy time per der un un un un un un un- un un un cts.
ees. hours hour. 10 der der der der der der d«r der der der and
per
25 30 40 50 60 over.
cts. 12 : 14
16
18 20
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
19 i a
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania. . .
South Carolina..
14
3
13
5
24
22
25
13
26
61.9 $0.1701
59.9 .3544
63.8 .2458
61.4 .2108
59.8 .2001
5
3
1
4
5
5
3
3
4
5
1
2
10
6
10
15
3
5
3
4
2
7
1
26
3
1
10
46
17
8
23
3
1
114 217 151
7
1
Texas..................
Virginia.............
Washington.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin.......
10
9
14
13
22
36
18
22
20
81
60.0
62.9
60.0
62.6
60.0
.2592
.1568
.3450
.2773
.2692
Total___ _
245
585
61.2
.2553
2
17
26
r,
33
Alabama.......... .
Arkansas. TTt____
California.......
Florida..........
Georgia...........
13
19
14
9
16
20
57
26
15
18
64.7
00.6
60.2
63.6
64.6
.1800
. 2558
.3390
.2330
.'2019
2
1
1
3
3
4
7
12
3
4
7
7
39
4
2
2
5
19
3
1
Louisiana..........
Maine..............
Michigan........
Minnesota..........
Mississippi_____
21
10
25
7
15
55
22
70
61
41
60.9
62.5
60.0
60.0
64.2
.2713
.2949
.2618
.3212
.2125
7
2
8
31
8
60
12
19
6
15
12
1
60
1
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
17
4
14
7
27
26
7
19
15
32
63.0
59.9
63.3
61.6
60.5
.1722
.3723
.2565
.2069
.2121
2
5
1
1
8
6
15
Texas.................
Virginia.............
Wsvshrngtrvn
West Virginia...
Wisconsin.........
12
11
18
16
24
34
22
24
26
94
60.0
63.5
60.0
62.2
60.0
.2522
. 1581
.3590
.2825
.2735
Total........
299
684 01.3
.2599
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida..............
Georgia...........
13
19
14
9
16
18 64.6
52 60.6
32 60.2
15 63.6
19 04.6
. 1945
.2570
.3393
.2330
.2008
Louisiana....... .
Maine.................
Michigan............
Minnesota.......... •
Mississippi.........
21
10
25
7
15
59 61.0
24 62.5
69 60.0
62 00.0
36 03.8
.2692
.2653
.2607
.3099
.2144
North Carolina..
Oregon............
Pennsylvania__
South Carolina..
Tennessee....... .
17
4
14
7
27
28
20
16
32
03.2
59.9
63.1
61.5
60.3
.1688
.3759
.2*99
.2112
.2163
Texas.................
Virginia..........
Washington
West Virginia...;
Wisconsin..........
12
11
18
16
24
33
21
26
26
93
60.0
63.7
60.0
62.2
60.0
.2624
.1632
.3592
.2811
.2710
299
686
61.2
.2601
8
1
2
11
3
1911.
2
2
1
3
2
1
4
5
7
1
2
1
1
7
7
6
3
3
1
5
16
23
1
3
8
4
9
12 21
2
1
1 ’ l5
10 48
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
4
1
1
17
10
35
5
1
129 257 185
16
1
1
39
3
1
2
3
27
3
2
2
13
11
1
58
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
21
31
1
5
1
8
8
1
3
5
8
5
2
4
5
3
10
4
38
1913,
Total____
3
1
-
4
2
5
1
1
5
2
16
8
2
2
5
25
7
1
4
5
19
38
6
57
6
5
1
1
8
7
13
4
6
2
1
2
12
34
9
4
11
22
1
1
5
1 16
12 12
52 26
8
1
124 264 184
17
1
32
BULLETIN OP THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED BATES OP WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
LABORERS: Male.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
10
rate of
wages Un and
per der un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
1907.
Alabama............
California...........
Florida...............
Maine.................
Michigan..
3
2
3
2
5
180
277
211
257
428
62.2 $0.1311
60.0 .2192
60.0 .1501
60.0 .1779
60.0 .1760
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tftrmftssfifi,, r___
4
2
5
2
2
359
310
137
84
89
62.9
59.8
63.3
62.1
60.0
.1229
.2342
.1808
.1098
.1517
Washington.......
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
3
7
1
971
724
70
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2187
.1758
.1068 ....
41 4,097
60.5
.1827
Total........
3
33
26
82
41
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
95
56
23
4
162
31
66
207
27
9
1
10
49
52
43
5
55
15
77
163
392
38
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
19
2
206 102
26
2
833
56
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
256
16
10
165
152 "i6 6
61
40
75
6
3
13
13
538
29
117
93
3
440
948
378 1,478 214
7
48
24
181
141
191
2
5
164
82
38
1
2
210
66 “ *48
2
151
24
1
24
1908.
Alabama..........
California,
Florida . ...........
Maine.................
Michigan............
3
2
3
2
5
165
257
162
300
418
62.3
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1246
.2072
.1411
.1807
.1753
13
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina-.
Tennessee...........
4
2
5
2
2
298
385
146
84
86
63.9
59.8
63.0
62.1
60.0
.1161
.1927
.1818
.1069
.1469
50
50
34
30
48
6
2
W ashington.......
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
3
7
1
569
725
67
60.0
60.0
60.0
. 1765
. 1670
.1064 ....
207
138
145
457
83
123
120
4
13
53
1
3
14
41 3,662
60.6
.1665 113
227
370
578 1,280
426
612
54
2
190
19
1
Total........
136
86
28
104
4
34
32
71
94
12
1909.
Alabama............
California...........
Florida...............
Maine.................
Michigan............
3
2
3
2
5
171
311
159
312
412
62.3
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1259
.2005
.1449
.1824
. 17G3
12
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee.......
4
2
5
2
2
303
318
165
88
89
63.9
59.7
62.7
62.1
60.0
.1142
.1949
.1823
.1111
.1464
52
37
W ashington.......
Wisconsin
Other States___
3
7
1
777
743
62
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1927
.1683
.1125
37
2
25
41 3,910
60.5
.1708 101
226
1910.
Alabama
Arkansas
California...........
F lo r id a ............
Georgia
13 1,101 64.2
17 954 60.6
871 60.1
9
687 62.1
9
14
872 63.7
.1182 110
.1522
4
.2032
.1315
8
.1197 65
Louisiana
Maine
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi.........
591
10
633
7
22 1,953
8 1,210
10 1,026
Total ... .
61.4
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.6
8
16
88
36
38
5
5
95
23
69
149
87
9
5
46
32
49
6
2
4
110
218
484
302
140
218
7
34
1
328
402 1,375
676
732
68
2
516
8
351
152
119
506
22
584
3
332
239
180
102
1
45
69
11
2
43
121
448
4
215
172
35
18
252 143
32 296
109 1,202
2
23
118 34
18
64
463
181
16
35
50
1
85
.1527
22
.1833
10
13
.1746
.2125
.1259 ’ *49 "4 i3 **382
7
101
26
184
123
10
172
90
42
1
1
3
“ i56
150
80 ” *49
29
2
12
1
41
206
3
157 9
861 132
10 4
11
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over,
cts.
33
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T able
I I — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
L A B O R E R S : M ale—Concluded.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age Aver
nom
age
inal
12
10
14
16
18
20 25
40 50
full rate of
and and and and and and and and and and 60
time per Un
un un un un un un un un un cts.
der
un
hours hour. 10 der der der der der der der der der der
and
per
14
cts. 12
18 20
16
25 30 40 50 60 over.
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1910.
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee........
964
613
772
618
716
Texas...............
Virginia............
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
727
814
2,132
532
2,541
60.0
63.2
60.0
62.8
60.0
.1595
.1154
.2108
.1900
.1821
Total......
245 20,327
61.3
.1660 543 2,822 2,600 2,522 3,760 2,162 5,309 580
1911«
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida.............
Georgia............
1,190
1,936
1,206
799
1,159
64.5
60.4
60.1
63.2
64.3
.1197
.1515
.2013
.1285
.1199 111
Louisiana.........
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
2,459
732
2,206
1,213
.1525
.1826
.1750
.2142
.1275
224
5
1,886
61.4
61.7
60.0
60.0
64.5
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
1,345
458
518
721
1,006
63.0
59.8
63.4
61.5
60.4
. 1180
.2284
. 1929
.1143
.1444
Texas...............
Virginia.......... .
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
1,359
826
2,137
790
2,838
60.0
63.0
60.0
62.2
60.0
.1607
.1218
.2083
.1926
.1837
3
320
Total.....
299 26,7S4
61.4
.1621 519
1913.
Alabama..........
Arkansas..........
California.........
Florida............
Georgia............
Louisiana....... .
Maine...............
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
Mississippi.......
North Carolina.
Oregon.............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina.
Tennessee....... .
Texas..........
Virginia...........
Washington__
West Virginia..
Wisconsin........
1,403
2,142
1,311
1,013
1,062
2,398
515
1,766
1,269
1,624
1,321
483
654
871
919
1,380
788
1,982
767
1,838
64.
60.6
60.1
63.3
64.4
61.1
62.0
60.0
60.0
64.5
62.7
59.9
63.1
61.1
60.6
60.0
63.4
60.0
62.4
60.0
.1207
.1544
.2015
.1324
.1246
.1611
.1870
.1757
.2199
.1301
.1219
.2329
.1900
.1156
.1462
.1658
299 25,506
61.5
.1641 345 3,291 [,303 4,257 5,179 1,927 5,121
Total.....
17
4
14
7
27
12
11
18
ie
24
62.1 $0.1172
59.8 .2237
63.1 .1960
61.3 .1097
.1416
.1221
.2147
.1933
.1849
93372°— Bull. 129— 13------ 3
27
476
336
257
58
182
234
419
97
199
491
303
9 118
34
357 **57
286
70
8
41
227
20
23
99
210 1,065
314 141
345 1,064
13
81
5
1
294 1,628
198 162
482 754
1
7
384
266
41
23
56
189
14
637
35
63
501
119
660
376 1,018
35
30 344
95 1,381
22
4
28
46
929 151
190
214
199
891 164
10
670
467
2
355
40
1
584
7
214 *374
565 325
244
304
121
147
135
112
12
294
217’ 192
1
1
48
546
85
40
23
29
2
407
24
228
210
221 1,126
16
134
5
3
307 1,344
218 301
473 975
10
4,238 4,510 5,312 2,274
572
34
618 104
275 1,163
*264 *382
409 421
133 272
1 8
1 17
*482
625
*8i2
“ *2
*’ *6
423
40
4
301
486
326
286
82
291
*8
13
13
467
331
281
59
121
49
872 767
11 192
56 1,117
21
42
*20i
148
30
2
*’i6 163
12
44
471
78
575 483
26
101
25 309
12 190
55
170
13
2
73
98
338
104
33
7
132
672
3
10
1
230
186
235
913
19
1
299
232 215
2
1
24
10
35 173
6
4
152 1,172
198 319
384 515
16
34
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
IIo—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1807 TO 1912— Continued.
PLANER FEEDERS: Male.
Aver
age
nom
ber of ber of inal
Year and State. estab em full
lish ploy time
ments. ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
10
rate of
wages Un and
per der un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
1
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
1911.
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida...............
Georgia..............
7
18
10
4
Tjoiiisian^r r. .. Jt
Maine.................
Michigan............
Mirvnftsota..........
Mississippi.........
20
4
4
43
199
38
23
27
64.7 10
60.5
60.0
62.6
63.0
4
14
179
8
48
46
95
61.4
63.8
60.0
60.0
64.2
1645
?209
1993
.2228
1390
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
8
4
8
3
6
44
39
10
12
14
63.3
59.9
63.3
63.1
62.6
.1379
.2786
.2322
.1327
.1568
Texas.................
Virginia..............
Washington.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
12
4
16
11
13
106
20
93
30
82
60.0
61.8
60.0
62.7
60.0
.1672
.1559
.2375
.2086
.1917
3
5
178 1,156
61.3
.1792
48
Total
8
1304
1663
9439
1468
1361
8
29
15
5
62
1
8
9
8
4
7
8
43
1
84
3
9
4
16
3
20
13
2
13
5
9
2
17
1
27
2
17
33
2
3
5
11
2
3
31
5
8
48
4
3
240 122
18
6
1
15
46
28
92
1
6
1
4
5
18
14
7
1
1
3
4
5
5
3
1
3
2
8
2
24
5
53
2
2
2
1
18
7
23
16
6
42
18
39
152
203
288
84
6
3
34
10
4
52
1
10
14
5
6
1
85
4
4
3
22
3
1
1
30
21
2
1
9
2
2
20
94
1
22
2
26
1
27
4
13
30
3
3
3
17
1
1
1913.
1
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida...............
Georgia..............
7
18
10
4
8
46
203
43
25
27
64.7
60.4
60.0
62.4
63.0
.1301
.1687
.2372
.1678
.1469
Louisiana..........
Maine.................
Michigan............
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
20
4
4
4
14
166
9
56
49
81
60.9
63.9
60.0
60.0
64.2
.1745
.2323
. 1891
1
.1440
10
30
33
13
1
5
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
8
4
8
3
6
45
42
10
11
17
63.3
59.9
63.3
62.9
62.5
. 1432
.2778
.2332
. 1316
.1585
4
17
13
8
Texas.................
Virginia..............
Washington.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
12
4
16
11
13
103
18
100
31
83
60.0
61.1
60.0
62.6
60.0
. 1748
.1665
.2419
.2096
.1948
178 1,165
61. l!
.1849
Total
2
8
7
3
4
3
3
17
2
2
1
27
138
162
2
1
2
3
3
61
6
2
1
12
1
7
23
300| 119
33
5
9
3
17
4
42
19
46
2
52
4
267 131
4
2ft!
I
!
SAW YERS, BAND: Male.
1910.
Alabama
Arkansas...........
California...........
Florida..............
Georgia..............
7
14
9
5
4
12
28
16
9
5
6-1.2 30.5457
61.3 .6326
60.4 . 4995
62.7 .5980
62.4 .5618
1
1
1
12
2
9
3
1
6
1
24
3
3
3
35
WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBEK.
T a b l e I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YE A R ,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SAW TEK S, BAND: Male—Continued.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
10
12
rate of
wages Un and and
per der un un
hour. 10 der der
14
cts. 12
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
1910.
T/OllteifVnfV, __
M aine.-.-- ____
. . . __
MfrmAsnt»_ . . __
Mississippi.........
8
6
19
8
7
13
17
45
38
21
60.9 $0.6497
62.4 .5355
60.0 .5133
60.0 .6888
64.9 .5541
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee........
11
2
13
4
23
20
4
24
10
26
62.1
59.9
63.7
61.4
59.8
.4890
.6515
.4049
.6285
.4151
Texas.................
Virginia.. . _____
W ashington.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
9
8
12
12
22
22
17
26
20
57
60.0
63.0
60.0
59.5
60.0
.5795
.4827
.5494
.4841
.5434
Total........
203
430
61.1
.5441
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California......... .
Florida...............
Georgia..............
7
16
11
4
5
9
33
25
8
7
64.3
61.1
60.0
63.0
63.3
.5400
.6505
.5325
.5978
.5659
Louisiana...........
Maine.................
Michigan............
Minresota..........
Mississippi.........
17
8
23
7
9
35
20
52
43
25
60.8
62.3
60.0
60.0
64.6
.6550
.5318
.5120
.7006
.5535
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania. . .
South Carolina. Tennessee..........
14
3
13
6
27
25
5
18
12
33
63.3
59.9
63.4
61.6
60.5
.4671
.6312
.3776
.6071
.4134
Texas.................
Virginia.............
Washington.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
10
10
14
15
24
23
20
27
27
62
60.0
63.6
eo.o
59.9
eo.o
.5891
.4786
.5689
.4625
.5560
Total........
243
509
61.1
.5511
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida...............
Georgia..............
7
16
11
4
5
8
32
26
64.1
60.9
60.0
Louisiana...........
Maine.................
Michigan............
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
N orth Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
9
1
10
24
1
17
12
5
10
36
3
2
7
9
13
5
10
4
7
1
3
2 .....
4
3
5
2
5
1
9
6
11
5
13
9
8
7 *"ii
2
2
21
30
29
89 146
163
1911.
2
6
2
13
4
2
1
30
3
4
3
2
9
4
14
31
31
4
10
41
5
2
1
9
2
2
1
2
3
i
i9
1
4
6
9
8
9
2
1
1
8
13
3
4
3
.....
*6
5
4
9
14
1
8
1
8
12
7
5
4
13
5 ' 34
2
22
35
88 179
201
1912.
8
6?.0
7
63.3
. 5524
.6513
. 5311
. 5978
.5796
17
8
23
7
9
36
18
55
40
19
62.4
61.9
60.0
60.0
64.1
.6570
. 5296
.5109
. 6963
. 5703
14
3
13
6
27
25
5
18
13
33
63.3
59.9
63.4
61.6
60.3
. 4757
.6212
. 6054
.4186
1
6
3
11
4
3
1
30
5
4
3
3
10
4
11
33
i2
32
4
10
38
7
11
2
3
3
***7
4
6
4
1
1
10
...1
2
2
3
7
1
9
8
1
11
12
1
1
36
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
S A W T E B S , B A N D : M ale—Concluded.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
berof
em
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
10
wages Un and
per der un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
1
3
1
12
5
18
4
3
31
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
1913.
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
10
10
14
15
24
21
20
26
27
56
Total........
243
493
Virginia..............
60.0 $0.6071
4785
63.6
60.0 .5856
4666
59.9
60.0 .5487
61.1
.5523
2
5
8
6
3
34
is
2
17
92 165
200
16
S A W Y E R S , C IR C U L A R : M ale.
1910.
Alabama... ____
Arkansas............
Florida...............
Georgia..............
Louisiana..........
1
1
9
4
7
12
4
65.0 SO 5044
60.0 ,4717
4532
62.6
65.2
4536
60.0 .6375
3
3
2
3
14
6
3
3
5
60.0
63.0
60.0
59.8
60.0
.5018
.4758
.3333
.7859
.5300
W ashington.......
W isconsin.........
Other States___
4
2
6
5
2
7
60.0
60.0
62.0
.5500
.5375
.4147
1
1
Total........
53
81
61.9
.4964
2
7
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida..............
7
2
3
5
10
2
3
8
65.1
60.0
62.0
63.8
.5108
.5184
.5173
.4450
Georgia..............
Louisiana...........
Maine..... ...........
Michigan............
11
6
2
6
13
6
2
14
65.8
61.0
65.0
60.0
.4607
.6288
.4500
.5107
Mississippi.........
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
7
3
2
2
11
3
2
2
64.9
60.0
59.8
62.5
.4785
.3333
.8038
.3010
1
2
Texas.................
Washington.......
W iscon sin.......
Other States.....
4
7
2
3
5
8
2
4
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.3
.5500
.5875
.5375
.4433
Total........
72
95
62.5
.5036
3
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida..............
7
2
3
5
10
2
3
7
65.1
60.0
62.0
63.4
4Q0S
.5434
.5375
.5355
1
Georgia..............
Louisiana..........
Maine.................
Michigan............
11
6
2
6
13
6
2
17
66.0
61.0
65.0
60.0
.4276
.6371
.4500
.5206
Michigan............
Mississippi.........
"North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Texas.................
6
4
4
10
4
7
5
3
2
1
1
2
.
1
1
2
3
8
2
4
4
1
10
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
26
32
14
1
1
1
1
6
2
2
2
2
1
3
2
8
2
2
1
4
1
3
3
2
1911.
1
2
3
11
6
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
8
27
40
17
2
6
2
2
2
1
4
2
1
4
13
1
1
2
5
1912.
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
2
3
2
37
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1390 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SAW YER S, CIRCULAR: Male—Concluded.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
12
10
wages Un and and
per der un un
hour. 10 der der
14
cts. 12
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
60
cts.
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
1
60
cts.
and
over
1913.
64.8 $0.4991
60.0 .2500
59.8 .8038
62.5 .3010
7
3
2
2
10
3
2
2
Other States......
4
7
2
3
5
7
2
3
60.0
60.0
60.0
63.0
.5500
.6143
.5375
.4319
Total........
72
94
62.5
.5091
Mississippi.........
North Carolina..
Pennsylvania. ..
Texas.................
Washington......
2
4
1
1
8
18
4
1
1
4
1
1
4
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
1
2
4
44
13
SAW YERS, GANG: Male.
1910.
6
9
Alabama............
Arkansas............
7
7
3
3
California...........
4
4
Georgia.... ..........
6
10
Minnesota..........
65.1 $0.2360
60.0 .3050
60.0 .3250
64.5 .2290
60.0 .4010
1
1
4
1
1
Mississippi.........
Texas.................
W ashington.......
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
4
2
3
8
9
4
3
3
12
9
63.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
61.3
.2551
.3750
.3167
.3092
.3139
Total........
52
64
61.4
.3092
1
1
Alabama............ *
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida..............
Georgia..............
6
8
2
4
4
7
8
2
4
4
65.8
60.0
60.0
66.0
64.5
.2216
.3256
.2875
.2625
.2290
1
1
Louisiana..........
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
Oregon...............
Texas.................
9
4
5
2
3
9
7
5
2
3
60.6
60.0
62.4
60.0
60.0
.3739
3729
.2541
.3250
Virginia.............
Washington.......
Wisconsin..........
Other States .
2
3
9
5
2
3
11
7
66.0
60.0
60.0
60.9
.3182
.3167
.3032
.2662
Total........
66
74
61.6
.3061
2
1
Alabama............
Arkansas............
California...........
Florida...............
Georgia..............
6
8
2
4
4
8
8
2
4
4
65.6
60.0
60.0
66.0
64.5
.2088
.3306
.2875
.2671
.2352
1
2
Louisiana..........
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
Oregon...............
Texas.................
9
4
5
2
3
9
7
5
2
3
60.6
60.0
62.5
60.0
60.0
.3716
.3764
.2461
.3250
.4250
2
1
3
1
1
11
14
21
13
2
3
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
4
1
2
5
3
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
3
5
3
2
2
1
9
20
23
17
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
5
1
2
1912.
1
2
1
1
2
1
5
3
1
2
2
1
1911.
1
1
1
2
4
4
3
2
38
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SAW YER S, GANG : Male—Concluded.
Num
ber of
Year and State. estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Aver
age
10
rate of
wages Un and
per der un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and eo
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
1912.
Virginia..............
Washington.......
Wisconsin ___
Total........
2
2
3
3
12
9
6
5 Other
66.0 30.3296
60.0 .3250
60.0 .3000
61.0 .2773
States
. .
75
.3058
6G
61.6
1
7
4
1
4
2
4
1
1
2
8
1
1
1
23
1
3
3
24
2
1
17
SAW YERS, R ESAW : Male.
1911.
T.<vmsi£Vna_____
2
7
2
2
2
q
14
2
2
2
62.0 10.2408
60.0 ,?343
60.0 ,1950
62.8 ,1909
63.0 .203'J
Maine.................
Michigan............
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
North Carolina..
4
7
5
2
8
4
11
11
2
9
61.3
60.0
60.0
66.0
62.6
.2274
.2418
.2886
. 2046
.1733
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
Virginia.............
4
4
4
5
3
6
8
5
6
3
59.9
63.4
61.2
60.0
60.5
.3005
.2392
.2214
.2204
.1735
W ashiti gton.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
Other States....
16
4
16
1
24
4
32
1
60.0
63.0
60.0
60.0
.3125
. 2S6-1
.2500
.2500
Total........
98
149
60.7
.2515
Arkansas...........
California...........
Florida...............
Georgia..............
Louisiana..........
2
7
2
9
2
3
13
2
2
2
62.0
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
.2408
.2385
.2000
.2159
.2159
Maine.................
Michigan............
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
North Carolina..
4
7
5
2
8
4
61.3
60.0
60.0
66.0
62.5
.2337
. 2435
.2982
.
.1748
3
Oregon .........
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
Virginia............
4
4
4
5
3
5
6
3
V/ashington.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
Other States___
If.
4
10
1
Total
98
California...........
Florida...............
1
1
3
1
1
5
1
2
5
1
1
1
6
5
1
1
1
9
1
4
1
4
2
3
1
2
13
S
43
45
2
8
2
2
4
16
i
8
1
38
1
1912.
10
13
2
9
59.9
63.4
61.2
60.0
60.5
.3005
.2392
.2204
. 220.9
. 1735
23
4
30
3
60.0
63.0
60.0
.3174
.2864
. 253?
147
60.7
.2550
8
1
1
1
2
r>
o 10
1
4
2
1
1
1
1
2
5
ii
4
o
2
1
7
5
1
8
15
1
9
1
8
1
2
6
1! 40
41
1
j
i
1
89
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SETTERS: Male.
Num
ber of
estab
Year and State. lish
ments.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
10
rate of
wages Un and
der un
per
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
ap.d
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25 30 40 50
and and and and 60
un un un un cts.
der der der der and
30 40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts.
1911.
64.7 SO.1834
60.9 .2455
60.2 .2656
63.4 .2188
65.1 .1813
13
19
14
9
16
19
35
28
16
i 21
21
10
25
8
15
53
31
70
81
42
61.0
61.8
60.0
60.0
64.7
.2584
.2786
.2774
.3264
.1972
North Carolina..
OfP.ffnn
Pennsylvania.. .
South Carolina..
Tennessee
__
17
4
14
7
27
33
7
24
15
34
63.2
59.9
62.8
62.0
60.5
.1729
.2864
.2450
.1925
.2047
Texas.................
Virginia.............
Washington.......
West V irginia...
Wisconsin__
12
11
19
16
24
32
22
39
31
81
60.0
63.3
60.0
62.2
60.0
.2469
.1645
.2835
.2546
.268i
Total........
301
714
61.3
.2506
Alabama...........
Arkansas............
California._____
Florida...............
Georgia..............
13
19
14
9
16
20
35
29
15
22
64.5
60.9
60.2
63.2
65.2
.1877
.2496
.2660
.2193
.1834
Louisiana...........
Maine.................
Michigan...........
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
21
10
25
8
15
52
31
74
84
37
61.0
62.1
60.0
60.0
64.5
.2617
.2786
.2697
.3299
.2076
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
17
4
14
7
27
34
7
24
10
34
63.1
59.9
62.8
61.9
60.3
.1737
.2864
.2465
.1962
.2032
Texas.................
Virginia..............
W ashington.......
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
12
11
19
16
24
32
22
39
31
75
60.0
63.3
60.0
82.3
60.0
.2508
.1646
.2814
.2541
.2670
Total........
301
713
61.2
.2518
California...........
4
1
6
3
5
2
8
6
13
10
7
8
22
14
3
0
3
1
2
24
18
46
4
12
13
22
81
17
6
7
7
18
7
6
7
3
10
2
1
6
2
8
3
11
5
12
2
1
19
10
5
2
33
35
25
5
2
6
1
4
1
11
3
2
8
17
5
13
2
7;
1
2
1
20
1
17
19
28
20
4
36
160 244 196
1
1913.
1
8
1
7
9
10
7
7
13
4
12
2
g
8
3
9
3
1
3
6
9
4
9
1
15
9
36
4
27
2
32
10
4
3
9
19
3
1
26
20
52
13
11
i
18
84 ___!
5
15
3
8
2
18
4
17
18
27
29
1
19
4
152 200 189
TRIMMER OPERATORS: Male.
1910.
Alabama............
Arkansas...........
California...........
Georgia..............
12
17
9
9
13
17
22
14
14
13
64.5 10.1442
61.1
60.4 . 2697
63.4 . 1502 . . . .
64.3 .1383
3
9;
1
4
.......i
1 Including 4 who do doggers’ work also.
1
4
4
10
4
1
1
6
4
11
1
1
3
’ *‘ 20 *'"4
6
3
3
26
15
3
12
1
2
1
.
40
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
TRIM M ER OPERATORS: Male—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
em full
ploy time.
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
10
rate of
wages Un and
der
per
un
hour. 10 der
cts. 12
cts.
1910.
Louisiana..........
Michigan............
TMiTmAfJota
Mississippi.........
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina - .
Tennessee...........
Texas............ .
Virginia______
Wash ing^nn „ ,...
West Virginia...
W fop-oTism
10
14
8
9
14
3
13
5
24
10
9
14
13
22
11
38
112
17
16
7
25
11
25
27
12
26
15
81
61.6 $0.2004
60.0 .2045
60.0 .2404
64.6 .1460
61.6 .1453 ....
59.9 .2968
64.0 .2201
61.6 .1721
59.5 .1670
60.0 .1887
63.2 .1531
60.0 .2908
63.1 .2346
60.0 .2160
503
61.0
Total........
228
1011.
A labama.......
...........
Arkansas
California...........
Florida...............
Georgia..............
Louisiana...........
Maine.................
Michigan............
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
North Carolina..
Oregon...............
Pennsylvania. . .
South Carolina..
Tennessee..........
Texas.................
Virginia ..........
W ashington
West Virginia...
Wisconsin..........
12
19
14
9
15
21
8
25
8
13
17
4
14
7
27
12
11
18
16
24
Total........
294
479
61.3
.2092
1913.
12
Alabama............
19
Arkansas...........
California...........
14
9
Florida...............
15
Georgia..............
Louisiana .......
21
8
M aine...............
25
Michigan............
8
Minnesota..........
Mississippi.........
13
North Carolina..
17
Oregon...............
4
Pennsylvania...
14
South Carolina-.
7
Tennessee..........
27
12
Texas.................
Virginia..............
11
W ashington.......
18
West V irginia..
16
24
Wisconsin..........
14
26
26
13
15
29
13
54
29
18
20
8
18
11
27
18
12
27
17
46
64.7
60.7
60.2
64.2
64.1
61.1
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.7
63.1
59.9
63.1
61.5
59.9
60.0
63.3
60.0
62.7
60.0
.1440
.1799
.2671
.1505
.1460 : : : :
.2148
.2361
.2129
.2655
.1643
.1448
.3003
.2158
.1683
.1782
.1931
.1665
.3109
.2437
.2110
441
61.3
.2104
Total........
294
14 64.7
26 60.9
23 60.3
14 64.3
15 64.8
27 61.0
13 61.5
55 60.0
31 60.0
21 64.9
19 62.9
8 59.9
22 63.3
13 61.8
27 60.1
24 60.0
12 63.3
26 60.0
18 62.9
71 60.0
.2089
1
.1435
.1901
.2746
.1493 —
.1396
.2102
.2334
.2080
.2613
.1569 —
.1445
.2941
.2143
.1677
.1769
.1919
.1603
.3023
.2338
.2230
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
1
3
11
5
4
1
4
1
15
1
5
4
1
4
2
11
4
4
6
5
4
10
7
2
2
2
5
1
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
14
2
3
7
1
9
7
44
2
4
20
11
1
3
85
36
3
18
3
1
5
6
4
22
1
3
4
5
39
192
8
4
1
2
8
1
1
8
2
1
3
4
1
2
3
3
5
16
2
1
1
17
3
43
6
2
1
5
5
10
6
2
1
1
2
2
4
1
4
8
2
5
2
2
4
4
11
8
1
1
5
3
3
4
31
i
2;
6i
3
2
8
2
2
1
3
5
54
25
2
1
4
4
5
2
3
2
1
1
1
4
13
3
9
10
1
5
10
33
11
5
1
1
18
3
44
4
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
7
1
3
2
3
6
6
1
1
2
9
1
4
10
3
8
11
1
7
8
26
48
24
165
1
3
6
50
and
un
der
60
cts.
18
4
2
2
2
1
1
4
4
25
176 100
8
9
44
3
1
29
5
5 .....
4
9
9
2
1
3
7
10
54
42
30 40
and and
un un
der der
40 50
cts. cts.
2
37
38
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
3
28
60
1
1
7
45
3
3
15
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
3
12
1
4
25
4
19
2
1
6
5
4
25
2
3
4
5
2
1
2
6
6
13
2
1
5
84
25
5I
(
60
cts.
and
over.
41
WAGES AND HOURS 03P LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
I I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
Aver
age
Num nom
State, and num
ber of inal
ber of establish Year. em full
ploy time
ments.
ees. hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
Number of employees earning each classified rate
per hour.
10
of
Un and
wages der un
per
10 der
hour. cts.
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
>6
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
1
1
CARRIAGE MEN,
MALE.
Alabama:
13 establish
ments.
Arkansas:
17 establish
ments.
California:
9
establish
ments.
Florida:
9
establish
ments.
Georgia:
14
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
10
establish
ments.
Maine:
7
establish
ments.
Michigan:
22
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
8
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
9
establish
ments.
North Carolina:
14
establish
ments.
Oregon:
3
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
13 establish
ments.
South Carolina:
5
establish
ments.
Tennessee:
24 establish
ments.
Texas:
10 establish
ments.
Virginia:
9
establish
ments.
Washington:
14 establish
ments.
West Virginia:
13 establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
22 establish
ments.
/1910
\1911
8
8
60 64.7 $0.1484
GO 64.7 .1503
22
22
15
15
7
7
4
3
4
5
19
17
42
43
10
10
17
18
20
18
20
13
17
18
1
1
1
1
/1910
\1911
108
106
61.3
61.2
.1913
.1918
/1910
\1911
39
33
60.3
60.4
.2472
.2564
/1910
\1911
53
53
62.6
62.6
.1675
.1691
/1910
\1911
38
38
63.9
63.9
.1513
.1557
/1910
\1911
58
60
60.6
60.6
.2016
.2027
/1910
\1911
28
29
61.8
61.9
.2790
.2806
/1910
\1911
121
121
60.0
60.0
.2445
.2479
/1910
\1911
108
121
60.0
60.0
.2966
.2984
/1910
\1911
91
79
64.6
64.2
.1542
.1574
2
48
36
9
16
14
12
/1910
V.1911
59
59
61.9
61.9
.1526
.1551
1
1
30
27
7
10
11
9
/1910
\19U
21
15
59.9
59.8
.2554
.2592
/1910
\1911
48
42
63.7
63.6
.2258
.2302
/1910
\1911
34
34
61.5
61.5
.1583
.1593
18
18
3
3
/1910
V.1911
60 59.8
CO 59.8
.1777
.1814
5
5
/1910
\1911
85
76
60.0
60.0
.2001
.2026
/1910
\1911
57
57
62.7
62.7
.1436
.1447
(1910
\1911
84
84
60.0
60.0
.2480
.2448
/1910
V.1911
41
41
62.7
62.7
.2246
.2300
2
2
/1910
\1911
134
134
60.0
60.0
.2360
.2378
15
15
/1911
\1912
39
41
64.8
65.0
.1352
.1350
/1911
\1912
69
73
60.9
60.8
.1687
.1702
1
1
4
4
11
10
22
21
6
7
5
6
6
6
2
2
16
14
6
8
5
5
2
2
4
2
2
1
1
4
3
17
14
7
11
15
17
12
13
2
1
2
13
15
13
14
58
52
45
50
15
16
25
24
5
8
78
89
5
3
12
10
1
2
4
3
6
9
1
1
12
12
22
18
2
2
i4
10
9
7
21
16
18
19
4
3
2
3
5
5
2
2
15
13
23
22
2
2
11
12
3
5
1
1
2
6
37
22
2
2
25
32
14
14
1
10
14
8
8
2
2
3
3
42
42
30
28
12
10
7
5
19
21
11
10
2
3
10
9
50
39
35
45
24
26
12
10
2
5
DOGGERS, MALE.
Alabama:
13
establish
ments.
Arkansas:
19
establish
ments.
__
8
8
20
21
1
1
6
4
10
10
1
2
16
191
39
*9
50
and
un
der
60
cts.
60
cts.
and
over.
42
T
BULLETIN" OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I I I , — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Num
ber of
State, and num
ber of establish Year. em
ments.
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
10
12
14
16
of
and and and and
wages Un
der un un un un
per
10 der der der der
hour. cts.
12
14
18
16
cts. cts. cts. cts.
18 20 25 30
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
25 30 40
20
cts. cts. cts. cts.
40 50
and and 60
un un cts.
der der and
50 60 over,
cts. cts.
DOGGERS, MALE—
concluded.
California:
13
establish
ments.
Florida:
9
establish
ments.
Georgia:
13
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
21
establish
ments.
Maine:
4
establish
ments.
Michigan:
25
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
4
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
15
establish
ments.
North Carolina:
15
establish
ments.
Oregon:
4
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
10
establish
ments.
South Carolina:
6
establish
ments.
Tennessee:
26
establish
ments.
Texas:
establish
12
ments.
Virginia:
11
establish
ments.
Washington:
19 establish
ments.
W est Virginia:
14
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
20
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
32
(1911
\1912
/1911
\1912
60. 2J$0.1
60.2
63.2
63.3
27
64.1
64.0
27
28
.1495
I
1 2
\___
/1911
\1912
60.5
60.5
/1911
(1912
64.0
/1911
\1912
60.0
60.0
J1911
\1912
60.0
60.0
L
{
/1911
\1912
64.3
64.3
L
/1911
\1912
62.
62.7
I ....
/1911
\1912
59.9
59.9
)
)
/1911
\1912
64.4
64.4
/1911
\1912
61.4
61.4
I
(1911
\1912
60.4
60.0
)
3....
(1911
\1912
60.0
60.0
7
/I911
:\1912
i
i/1911
\1912
63
63.5
1 ....
i ....
60.0
60.0
5....
5
/1911
\1912
62.4
62.3
1
/1911
\1912
60.0
00.0
4
)!
Alabama:
13
establish (1910
ments.
\1911
64.6
04.6
2 ___
t ___
1
10
8!
22
20
5
7
2
12
10
9
11
2
2
4
3
4
5
4
39
37
\
)
11
12
33
35
1
6
6
1
1
62
62
8
25
24
6
6
3
3
11
11
3
1
11
3
3
49
33
21
15
9
30
28
6
8
2
2
9
3
4
9
1
6
18
16
10
10
.3
3
3
24
22
2
2
9
7
2
1
3
1
41
42
i
i
4
3
5
13 . . . .1. . .
13
11
10
13
32
34
2
2
3
4
s
3
A
4
3
14
8
i
i
9
5
20
16
1
4
8
4
8
I
5
1
20
25
S . . . .1____
'
11
|
!
6
6
i
i
i
1n
22
2V
11
12
EPftEKMEN,
MALE.
13
establish
ments.
Arkansas:
17
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
/1910
\1911
19
establish (1911
ments.
\1912
64.
64.6
3 ___
60.9
60,
$ ___
60.6
60.6
5
3c___
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
5
3
3
5
t
|
11
1
|
i.......
8
8
1
12
10
34
5
12
8
39
38
5
i
!
i
1
!
43
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
I I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age AverNum nom
State, and num
ber of inal rate
12
14
10
16
18 20 25 30 40 50
ber of establish Year. em full
of Un and
and and and and and and and and' and 60
ploy- time
ments.
un un un un un un un un un-j un cts.
hours per der
10 der der der der der der der der der |der and
per hour. cts.
12
14
16
20
25 30 40 50 CO over.
18
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.jets.
EDGERM EN,
MALE —conta.
California:
9
establish U910
ments.
\1911
14
establish
ments.
Florida:
9
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
60.2
60.2
.3390
.3393
/1910
\1911
62.8
.2355
.2404
establish
ments.
Georgia:
14
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
63.6
63.6
.2330
.2330
(1910
\1911
64.1
64.1
.1973
.2026
2
2
16
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
10
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
64.6
64.
.2019
.2008
2
3
/1910
\1911
60.
60.9
.2510
.2581
1
1
21
establish
ments.
Maine:
7
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
61.0
.2713
1
T1910
[1911
62.5
62.6
.2964
.2931
10
establish
ments.
Michigan:
22
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
62.5
62.5
.2653
60.0
60.0
.2588
.2606
9
25
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
8
establish
ments.
7
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
9
establish
ments.
ri9io
[1911
59
/1911
\1912
/1910
\1911
64
/1911
\1912
/1910
\1911
4
3
19
27
3
2
32
1
1
1
1
7
7
3
2
3
4
3
3
7
8
2
1
3
3
2
2
5
3
3
5
3
2
1
2
1
4
5
7
2
2
1
2
4
4
15
11
2
5
r
31
38
15
13
o
g
7
8
10
2
3'
8
6
12
11
9
8
48
50
1
1
2
4:
F
1
1
1
60.0
60.0
.2618
.2607
8
10
60
57
60.0
60.0
.3113
.3199
5
2
57
64
1
60.0
60.0
.3212
60
58
1
64.5
64.1
.2048
4
3
13
8
14
15
1
3
3
4
12
7
19
18
6
6
(1911
11912
64.2
. 212.:
.2144
/1910
11911
61.9
61.9
. 1761
. 1769
17
establish
ments.
Oregon:
3
establish
ments.
(1911
\1912
63.0
63.2
.1722
.1688
/1910‘
\1911
59.9
59.8
.3544
.3613
/1911
\1912
59.9
59.9
.3723
. 3759
/1910
\1911
63.
63.7
.2458
.2494
14 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
63.3
63.1
.2565
.2599
1
2
1
1
15
establish
ments.
North Carolina:
14 establish
ments.
4
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
13 establish
ments.
17
14
60.3 $0.3437
60.4 .3491
4
2
2
1
1
5
5
3
3
5
6
5
2
3
c
1
1
4
5
5
8
7
7
2
5
5
1
1
4
1
1
10
s
15!
8
8
8
9*
1
1
O
3
3
A
t*
1
1
1
1
44
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Aver
age
Num nom
State, and num
ber of inal
ber of establish Year. em full
ploy time
ments.
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
10
12
14
18 20 25 30 40 50
16
of
and and and and and and and and and and 60
wages Un
der
un
un
un
un un un un un cts.
un
un
per
10 der der der der der der der der der der and
hour. cts.
12
14
16
25 30 40 50 GO over.
18 20
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
EDGERMEN,
, MALE—concld.
South Carolina:
5
establish (1910
\1911
ments.
13
13
61.4 $0.2108
61.4 .2134
/1911
\1912
15
16
61.6
61.5
.2069
/1910
\1911
26
26
59.8
59.8
/1911
\1912
32
32
60.5
60.3
.2121
/1910
\1911
36
31
60.0
60.0
.2592
.2566
8
22
1
/1911
\1912
34
33
60.0
60.0
.2522
.2624
12
6
21
22
5
/1910
\1911
18
18
62.9
62.9
.1568
.1582
/1911
•1912
22
21
63.5
63.7
.1581
. 1G32
/1910
11911
22
20
60.0
60.0
.3450
.3620
18
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
24
26
60.0
60.0
.3590
. 3592
1
West Virginia:
13
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
20
20
62.6
62,6
.2773
.2810
/1911
\1912
26
26
62.2
62.2
.2825
.2811
/1910
\1911
81
81
60.0
60.0
.2692
.2724
24
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
94
91
60.0
60.0
.2735
.2710
180
165
171
177
62.2
62.3
62.3
62.2
3
.1311
.1246i 13
.1259I 12
.13001 11
26
38
35
23
95
90
56
28
36
53
13
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
1,101
1,094
64.2
64.2
.1182; HQ
.1206i 82
516
513
351
356
119
137
4
5
1
1
11911
\1912
1,190
1,403
64.5
64.8
.1197• 143
.1207■ 83
584
572
314
618
141
104
7
13
1
6!
152
124
506
486
215
248
345 1,064
275 lj 163
384
467
7
establish
ments.
Tennessee:
24
establish
ments.
27
establish
ments.
Texas:
10
establish
ments.
establish
ments.
Virginia:
9
establish
ments.
12
11
establish
ments.
Washington:
14 establish
ments.
16 establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
22
establish
ments.
2
1
1
1
5
3
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
6
7
4
4
.2001
4
2
5
7
2
.2071
10
10
5
7
1
2
7
4
15
13
11
1
7
26
3
3
1
1
.2112
1
.2163
1
6
8
8
3
3
4
3
2
2
1
2
7
5
6
3
5
3
4
2
2
5
9
1
17
16
3
3
1
1
17
16
5
i
1
1
2
1
10
11
8
8
1
2
15
12
10
12
1
1
11
9
46
41
23
30
1
1
10
12
48
52
35
26
1
LABORERS, MALE.
Alabama:
3
T1907
establish J1908
11909
ments.
11910
13
establish
ments.
Arkansas:
17
establish
ments.
/1910
\1911
954
949
60.6
60.6
.1522!
.1545;
3
19
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
California:
fl907
2
establish J1908
j 1909
ments.
11910
1,936
2,142
60.4
60.6
. 1515;
.1544|
7
i
277
257
311
379
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2192►
.2072>
.2005
.2025
4
8
7
34
86
88
7
1
22
45
45! 34
|
! F.Q
fifi
48
ioi|
941.......
139
2
2
4
4
19
191 16
190I 19
262; 21
256
2
2
1
2
8
WAGES AND HOTTBS OP LABOK, 1890 TO 1912---- LTTMBEB.
T able
i n ___ CLASSIFIED
RATES OP WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
State, and num
ber oi establish Year. em full
ments.
ploy- time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
10
of Un and
wages der un
per
10 der
hour. cts.
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
16
18 20
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
18 20
16
25
cts. cts. cts. cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
LABORERS,
MALE— c o n t d .
California—Con.
9
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
871
741
584
428
172
138
60.1 $0.2032
60.1 .2073
1 266
1 331
14 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
Florida:
1907
3
establish 1908
1909
ments.
1910
1,206
1,311
60.1
60.1
.2013
.2015
211
162
159
160
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1501
.1411
.1449
.1491
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
687
62.1
62.1
.1315
.1332
8
7
9
establish /1911
\1912
ments:
Georgia:
14 establish 1910
.1911
ments.
799
1,013
63.2
63.3
.1285
.1324
872
63.7
63.7
.1197
.1223
16 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
1,159
1,062
64.3
64.4
Louisiana:
10 establish /1910
\1911
ments.
591
581
61.4
61.4
21
establish /1911 2.459
\1912 2,398
ments.
Maine:
1907
257
2
establish 1908
300
1909
312
ments.
1910
303
189
170
637
672
23
104
38
33
162
34
95
100
16
24
26
17
121
126
332
285
180
221
35
34
9
11
214
264
374
382
147
281
41
65
44
448 239
411 270
102
120
.1199 111
. 1246 59
565
409
325
421
135
121
.1527
.1541
1
1
85
81
50
51
252
217
143
172
41
47
61.4
61.1
.1525
.1611
11
9
224
133
376 1,018
272 872
767
190
230
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1779
.1807
.1824
.1830
31
32
23
23
165
181
184
175
61
5
3
61.5
61.6
.1833
'* 2
10
5
22
28
32
27
296
325
206
665
732
515
61.7
62.0
2
.1870 . . . .
5
1
35
8
30
11
344
192
214
186
428
418
412
421
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1760
.1753
.1763
.1824
4
4
5
3
66
71
69
23
152
141
123
143
166
164
172
184
40
38
42
65
1,976
60.0
60.0
.1746
.1754
13
11
109 1,202
85 1,214
463
490
157
164
25
establish /1911 2,206
ments.
\1912 1,766
Minnesota:
8
establish 1910 1,210
ments.
1911 1,235
60.0
60.0
.1750
. 1757 . . . .
22
17
95 1,381
56 1,117
501
199
235
60.0
60.0
.2125
.2150
2
2
23
13
181
132
861
926
/1911
11912
1.213
60.0
60.0
.2142
.2199
4
1,
28
21
119
104
891
913
/1910
\1911
1,026
877
64.6
64.4
. 1259
.1265
49
19
413
358
382
344
118
111
34
1,
1,624
64.5
64.5
.1275
.1301
54
32
660
482
929
812
151
201
359
298
303
327
62.9
63.9
63.9
63.4
33
50
52
I1 25
82
136
149
178
207
94
87
104
27
12
9
13
9
7
45
(
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
10 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
Michigan:
1907
5
establish 1908
ments.
1909
1910
22 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
7
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
10 establish
ments.
15 establish 11911
ments.
\1912
North Carolina:
1907
1908
ments.
1909
1910
1,
1
10
10
82
90
87
202
10
5
33
10
19
18
12
30 40
and and
un un
der der
40 50
cts. cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
46
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age Aver
Num nom age
ber of inal rate
State, and num
12
18 20 25 30 40 50
14 16
10
of Un and and and and and and and and and and 60
ber of establish Year. em full
ments.
ploy time
un un un un un un un un un cts.
der
un
ees. hours per
10 der der der der der der der der der der and
per hour. cts. 12
25 30 40 50 60 over.
16
18 20
14
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
LABORERS
MALE —contd.
North CarolinaConcluded.
14 establish /1910
\1911
ments.
964
988
17
establish /1911 1,345
\1912 1,321
ments.
Oregon:
(1907
310
2
establish 11908
385
11909
ments.
318
11910
502
3
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
613
332
62.1 \
62.3 .1199
55
32
476
454
336
376
87
114
9
10
63.0
62.7
83
26
670
625
467
486
112
148
12
30
59.8
59.8
59.7
59.8
59.8
59.8
.1180
1
2
1
02
24
12
88
2
1
...,| .......
491 121
247 83
1
2
294 161
299 160
3
22
... i
!
!
i
1
!
206
151
156
414
210;
150j
.1927
.1949
.2237
.2237
.2241
i
j
1
5
4
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
Pennsylvania:
(1907
5
establish 1908
ments.
1909
11910
458
483
59.8
59.9
137
146
165
165
63.3
63.0
62.7
62.8
10
8
7
2
49
66
80
49
52
48
49
51
26
24
29
39
24
13 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
772
676
63.1
63.2
9
5
118
114
299
262
303
276
43
19
14 establish /1911
ments.
\1912
South Carolina:
(1907
2
establish ) 1908
ments.
j 1909
11910
518
654
63.4
63.1
1
16
88
163
217
232
192
215
84
84
88
96
62.1
62.1
62.1
62.2
17
20
|
!
!
5
2
..-.
___
i
>
.
i
41
50
37
26
2
2
1
6
5
32
43
34
46
38
34
47
618
60S
61.3
61.3
.109' ' 145
\ 64
257
288
182
209
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
Tennessee:
(1907
2
establish J1908
ments.
11909
11910
721
871
61.5
61.1
! 71
> 63
355
423
244
326
43
44
2
12
89
86
89
65
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
5
30
32
5
75
48
49
52
6
6
6
6
;
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
23
establish /i910
ments.
V1911
716
733
59.8
59.8
58
34
234
250
357
373
57
66
2
2
8
8
40
40
304
286
546
471I
96
78
2
10
16
24
1
7
9
1
97
68
2861 227
292 254
13
8
81
92
8
8
3
4
121
82
648
575
407
483
36
35
134
173
io:
26
i
7
1
1
!
27
establish
ments.
Texas:
10
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
1,006
919
60.4
60.6
t il
!
2
/1910
\1911
727
723
60.0
60.0
•
!
12
establish
ments.
Virginia:
9
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
1,359
1,380
60.0
60.0
/1910
\1911
814
785
63.2
63.2
1 100
i
45
419
386
199
249
70
77
20
20
5
5
1
3
11
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
826
788
63.0
63.4
; 27
L 59
320
301
362
291
85
101
24
26
5
6
3
4
6
1 Boy.
!
!
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
i
1
___!___
___[___
I
|
I
i
I
i
1
1!
1
i
!
!
| j
---- 1...............
WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOB, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBEB.
T able I I I . —
47
CLASSIFIED RATES OP WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age Aver
Num nom age
State, and num
ber o! inal rate
12
14
18 20 25 30 40 50
10
16
ber of establish Year. em full
of Un and and and and and
and and and and 60
ments.
ploy time wages der un un un un un and
un un un un un cts.
ees. hours per
der
der
der
der der der der and
der
der
der
10
per hour. cts. 12
16
14
18 20
25 30 40 50 60 over.
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts . cts. cts.
LABORERS,
MALE— c o n c ld .
Washington:
1907
1908
1909
.1910
971
569
777
1,158
60.0 $0.2187
60.0 .1765
60.0 .1927
60.0 .2060
14 establish /1910
\1911
ments.
2,132
1, f "
60.0
60.0
.2108
.2071
/1911
\1912
2,137
60.0
60.0
.2083
.2147
fl910
1.1911
532
526
62.
62.9
16
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
Wisconsin:
1907
7
establish 1908
1909
ments.
.1910
790
767
13
145
218
10
29
83
302
294
23
194
294 1,628
307 965
40
25
228
309
307 1,344
152 1,172
.1900
.1948
41
23
99
64
198
204
162
200
62.2
62.4
.1926
.1933
23
12
210
190
218
198
301
319
724
725
743
774
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1758
.1670
.1683
.1738
13
138
110
44
538
457
484
450
117
123
140
259
56
4
7
18
22
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
2,541
2,r ~
60.0
60.0
.1821
.1826
210 1,065
229 1,044
482
438
754
843
24
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
2.838
1.838
60.0
60.0
.1837
.1849
221 1,126
473
384
975
515
46
64.7
64.7
.1304
.1301
199
203
60.5
60.4
.1663
.1687
3
e s t a b lis h
m en ts.
18 establish
ments.
West Virginia:
13 establish
ments.
207
4
12
55
828
833
120
218
782
PLANER FEEDERS,
M ALE.
Alabama:
7
establish r i 9 U
ments.
11912
Arkansas:
18 establish fl911
ments.
[1912
California:
10
establish
ments.
Florida:
4
establish
ments.
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
20
establish
ments.
Maine:
4
establish
ments.
Michigan:
4
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
4
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
14
establish
ments.
North Carolina:
8
establish
ments.
ri9ii
\1912
.2439
.2372
/1911
\1912
.1468
.1678
/1911
\1912
/1911
\1912
179
166
(1911
\1912
63.
. 1361
.1469
61.
60.!
.1645
.1745
63.!
63.!
/1911
\1912
/1911
\1912
13
22
.2323
.1993
.1891
46
13
.2228
.2256
911
\l!
1912
J1911
\1912
16
63.
.1390
.1440
15
10
46
30
28
33
.1379
.1432
5
4
18
17
14
13
1Stackers (pieceworkers).
48
T
able
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
H I
— CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
State, and num
ber of establish Year. em full
ments.
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Un
der
10
cts.
12
10
14
16
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
12
14
16
18
cts. cts. cts. cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30 40
and and
un un
der der
40 50
cts. cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
CO over.
cts.
PLANER FEEDERS,
MALE— COHCld.
Oregon:
4
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
8
establish
ments.
South Carolina:
3
establish
ments.
Tennessee:
6
establish
ments.
Texas:
12 establish
ments.
Virginia:
4
establish
ments.
Washington:
16 establish
ments.
West Virginia:
11
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
13
establish
ments.
8
9
31
33
/1911
\1912
39
42
59.9 $0.2786 .
59.9 . 2778 .
/1911
\1912
10
10
63.3
63.3
.2322
.2332
/1911
\1912
12
11
63.1
62.9
.1327 .
. 1316
11911
\1912
14
17
62.6
62.5
.1568
.1585
/1911
11912
106
103
60.0
60.0
.1672 .
.1748
/1911
\1912
20
18
61.8
61.1
. 1559
. 1665
/1911
\1912
93
100
60.0
60.0
.2375
.2419
2
/1911
\1912
30
31
62.7
62.6
.2086
.2096
1
1
7
7
18
19
J1911
\1912
82
83
60.0
60.0
.1917
.1948
18
12
23
23
39
46
Alabama:
7
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
12
12
64.2
64.2
.5457
.5574
establish
ments.
Arkansas:
14 establish
ments.
#1911
\1912
9
8
64.3
64.1
/1910
\1911
28
28
16
establish
ments.
California:
9
establish
ments.
11911
\1912
1
1
2
3
3
4
8
5
3
5
7
3
4
1
3
3
2
3
3
8
3
24
17
53
61
2
3
16
17
5
2
2
3
5
2
2
G
1
6
4
3
2
2
42
42
5
5
2
3
4
48
52
4
4
SAWYERS, BAND,
MALE.
1
2
9
8
1
2
.5400
.5524
2
1
6
6
1
1
61.3
61.3
.6326
.6434
1
1
3
2
24
25
33
32
61.1
60.9
.6505
.6513
1
1
2
1
30
30
/1910
\1911
16
15
60.4
60.4
.4995
.5295
12
7
1
5
3
3
11911
\1912
25
26
60.0
60.0
.5325
.5311
9
10
13
11
3
5
/1910
\1911
9
9
62.7
62.7
.5980I
.6091
6
4
3
5
4
establish
ments.
Georgia:
4
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
8
8
63.0
63.0
.5978
.5978
4
4
4
4
/1910
\1911
5
5
62.4
62.4
.5618t
.5718
2
2
5
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
8
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
7
7
63.3
63.3
.5659)
.5796
2
1
/1910
\1911
13
13
60.9
60.9
17
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
35
36
60.8
62.4
7
11
establish
ments.
Florida:
5
establish
ments.
1
3
3
2
3
3
3
.6497
.65731
1
1
12
12
.6550)
.6570
4
4
31
32
49
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
I I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Aver
age
Num nom
State, and num
ber of inal
ber of establish Year. em full
ploy time
ments.
ees. hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
12
10
Un and and
der un un
10 der der
14
cts. 12
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and m
un cts.
der and
eo over.
cts.
SAWYERS, BAND,
MALE— c o n t d .
Maine:
6
establish /1910
ments.
\1911
17
18
62.4 $0.5355
62.5 .53401
2
2
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
20
18
62.3
61.9
.5318!
.5296
2
3
Michigan:
19
establish U910
ments.
\1911
45
45
60.0
60.0
.5133
.5133
2
2
9
9
/1911
\1912
52
55
60 0
60.0
.51201
.5109►
2
2
9
10
f*910
\1911
38
48
60 0
60.0
.6888
.70991
2
2
36
46
(1911
\1912
43
40
60.0
60.0
.7006
.6963
2
2
41
38
/1910
\1911
21
19
64.9 .5541
64.7 > .5416
11911
\1912
25
19
64.6
64.1
.5535
.5703
/1910
\1911
20
20
62.1
62.1
.4890
.4890
(1911
\1912
25
25
63.3
63.3
.4671
.4757
/1910
\1911
4
3
59.9
59.8
.6515
.6520
(1911
\1912
5
5
59.9
59.9
.&312
.6212
/1910
\1911
24
22
63.7
63.7
.4049
.4037
I
(1911
\1912
18
18
63.4
63.4
.3776
.3818
....... 1 ........
/1910
\1911
10
10
61.4
61.4
.6285
.6285
1
1
establish
ments.
Tennessee:
23 establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
12
13
61.6
61.6
.6071
.6054
1
i
/1910
\1911
26
26
59.8
59.8
.4151
.4155
* 1
27 establish
ments.
Texas:
9
establish
ments.
(1911
11912
33
33
60.5
60.3
.4134
.4186
(1910
\1911
22
21
60.0
60.0
.5795
.6024
!
13
16
(1911
11912
23
21
60.0
60.0
.5891
.6071
........!.........
14
16
(1910
\1911
17
17
63.0
63.0
.4827
.4853
9
9
10 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
20
20
63.6
63.6
.4786
.4785
12
12
8
23
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
8
establish
ments.
v
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
7
establish
ments.
9
establish
ments.
North Carolina:
11
establish
ments.
14 establish
ments.
Oregon:
2
establish
ments.
3
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
13
establish
ments.
13
establish
ments.
South Carolina:
4
establish
ments.
6
10 establish
ments.
Virginia:
8
establish
ments.
93372°--Bull. 129- 13
— i
I
1
10
10
31
10
10
1
1
1
2
2
7
7
4
3
6
9
9
13
11
1
1
9
9
8
8
1
2
2
1
5
5
10
10
2
1
1
1
8
11
13
12
1
1
1
|
’ '
1
50
T able
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
State, and numbef of establish Year. em full
ploy time
ments.
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
12
10
Un and and
der un un
10 der der
cts. 12
14
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
IG
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
2
1
6
6
11
10
1
5
5
14
15
5
5
11
11
8
3
13
18
SAW YERS, BAND,
MALE —concld.
Washington:
12 establish
ments.
j
60.0
60.0
1910
1911
14 establish /1911
\1912
ments.
West Virginia:
12
establish 1910
,1911
ments.
60.0
60.0
.5856
59.5
59.5
.4841
11911
\1912
59.9
59.
.4625
.4666
1910
,1911
60.0
60.0
.5434
.5491
1
1
5
5
24
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
60.0
60.0
.5487
1
1
5
4
15
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
22
establish
ments.
27
1
SAW YERS, CIRCU
LAR, MALE.
Alabama:
6
establish (1910
\1911
ments.
1
1
1
1
7
establish
ments.
Arkansas:
4
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
1
1
1
2
2
establish
ments.
California:
3
establish
ments.
Florida:
4
establish
ments.
fl911
\1912
5
establish
ments.
Georgia:
10
establish
ments.
11
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
4
establish
ments.
6
establish
ments.
Maine:
2
establish
ments.
Michigan:
7
establish
ments.
6
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
3 ’ establish
ments.
7
i
(1910
\1911
(1911
\1912
1
1
!
(1911
U912
63. i
63.
i
i
i
I
!
i
11
1
/1910
\1911
/1911
\1912
-.S .4601
/1910
\1911
!
1
1
1
1
1
i
3
3
i
i
3
2
2
2
8
8
2
3
8
3
>
(1911
\1912
.6371
(1911
\1912
>
)
2
2
(1910
\1911
I
4
3
/1911
\1912
(1910
\1911
establish- /1911
\1912
i
(1910
\1911
63.0
>
3
3
>
4
4
1
1}
6
4
30
21
21
22
17
51
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
I I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Averper hour.
age Aver
Num nom age
State, and num
ber of inal rate
12
10
14 16
18 20 25 30 40 50
of Un and
ber of establish Year. ern- full
and and and and and and and and and 60
ments.
ploy- time
un
un
un
un un un un un cts.
un
der
un
hours per
10 der der der der der der der der der der and
per hour. cts.
12
14
16
18
25 30 40 50 60 over.
20
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
SAWYERS, CIRCU
LAR,
MALE—
concluded.
North Carolina:
3
establish ri910
\1911
ments.
60.0 $0. 3333
3333
60.0
3
establish
ments.
Oregon: ‘
2
establish
ments.
J1911
\1912
60.0
60.0
.3333
.2500
/1910
\1911
59.8
59.8
.7859
2
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
2
establish
ments.
Texas:
3
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
59 8
59.8
.8038
/1911
\1912
62.5
62.5
.3010
.3010
60.0
60.0
.5500
.5500
/1910
11911
60.0
60.0
.5500
.5600
/1911
\1912
60.0
60.0
.5875
.6143
11910
\1911
60.0
60.0
.5375
.5375
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
60.0
60.0
.5375
.5375
65.1
65.1
.2360
.2360
1911
l1912
65.8
65.6
.2216
.2088
/1910
\1911
60.0
60.0
.3050
.3086
8
establish /1911
ments.
\1912
California:
3
establish 1910
1911
ments.
60.0
60.0
7
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
2
establish
ments.
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
i
1
1
I
1
2
3
2
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
5
4
1
|
!
|
i
______ i _______
j
2
2
SAWYERS, GANG,
MALE.
Alabama:
6
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
6
establish
ments.
Arkansas:
7
establish
ments.
2
establish
ments.
Florida:
4
establish
ments.
Georgia:
4
establish
ments.
establish
4
ments.
Louisiana:
9
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
1
1
4
4
4
4
2
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
.3256
.3306
2
1
4
5
2
2
60.0
60.0
.3250
.3250
1
1
60.0
60.0
.2875
.2875
1
1
/1911
\1912
1
1
1
2
1
1
.2625
.2671
1
/1910
\1911
64.5
64.5
.2290
1
1
/i.911
\1912
64.5
64.5
.2290
.2352
1
/1911
\1912
60.6
60.6
.3739
.3716
!
j .............
3
2
.5300
.5500
/1910
\1911
(1911
\1912
4
establish
ments.
Washington:
4
establish
ments.
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
]
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
5
4
52
T
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
able
I I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Num
ber of
State, and num
ber of establish Year. em
ploy
ments.
ees.
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
12
10
Un and and
der un un
10 der der
14
cts. 12
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
18 20 25 30 40
and and and and and and
un un un un un un
der der der der der der
18
20
25 30 40 50
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
SAW YERS, GANG,
male—concld.
Minnesota:
6
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
10
8
60.0 $0.4010
60.0 .3763
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
4
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
7
7
60.0
60.0
.3729
.3764
/1910
\1911
4
4
63.0
63.0
.2551
.2551
5
establish
ments.
Oregon:
2
establish
ments.
Texas:
2
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
5
5
62.4
62.5
.2541
.2461
/1911
\1912
2
2
60.0
60.0
.3250
.3250
2
2
/1910
\1911
3
2
60.0
60.0
.3750
.4125
2
3
establish
ments.
Virginia:
2
establish
ments.
Washington:
3
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
3
3
60.0
60.0
.4250
.4250
J1911
\1912
2
2
66.0
66.0
.3182
.3296
J1910
\1911
3
4
60.0
60.0
.3167
.3250
3
4
o
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
8
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
3
3
60.0
60.0
.3167
.3250
3
3
/1910
\1911
12
10
60.0
60.0
.3092
.2960
1
1
5
5
3
2
3
2
establish /1911
\1912
ments.
11
12
60.0
60.0
.3032
.3000
1
5
7
3
3
2
2
/1911
\1912
3
3
62.0
62.0
.2408
.2408
2
2
1
1
/1911
\1912
14
13
60.0
60.0
.2343
.2385
1
8
8
4
4
/1911
\1912
2
2
60.0
60.0
.1950
.2000
1
1
2
/1911
\1912
2
2
62.8
62.8
.1909
.2159
/1911
\1912
2
2
63.0
63.0
.2034
.2159
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2:
5
4
6
6
9
3
1
2
2
]
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
SAWYERS,RESAW,
MALE.
Arkansas:
2
establish
ments.
California:
7
establish
ments.
Florida:
2
establish
ments.
Georgia:
2
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
2
establish
ments.
Maine:
4
establish
ments.
Michigan:
7
establish
ments.
Minnesota:
5
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
2
establish
ments.
/19U
\1912
4
4
61.3
61.3
.2274
.2337
/1911
\1912
11
10
60.0
60.0
.2418
.2435
/1911
11912
11
IS
60.0
60.0
.2886
.2982
2: 66.0
2! 66.0
.2046
.1293
/1911
\1912
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
6
5i
31 10
1
1
1
1
50
and CO
un cts.
der and
60 over
cts.
53
WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBEB.
T a b l e I I I ___ CLASSIFIED
RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
State, and num
ber of establish Year. em full
ploy time
ments.
ees. hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
10
12
Un and and
der un un
10 der der
14
cts. 12
cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
SAWYERS, RESAW,
male—coneld.
North Carolina:
8
establish
ments.
Oregon:
4
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
4
establish
ments.
South Carolina:
4
establish
ments.
Tennessee:
5
establish
ments.
Virginia:
3
establish
ments.
Washington:
16 establish
ments.
West Virginia:
4
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
16 establish
ments.
5
4
1
1
/1911
\1912
9
9
62.6 $0.1733
62.5 .1748
/1911
\1912
6
7
59.9
59.9
.3005
.3005
1
1
1
2
/1911
\1912
8
8
63.4
63.4
.2392
.2392
4
4
4
4
/1911
11912
5
5
61.2
61.2
.2214
.2264
J1911
\1912
6
6
60.0
60.0
.2204
.2208
/1911
\1912
3
3
60.5
60.5
.1735
.1735
/1911
\1912
24
23
60.0
60.0
.3125
.3174
7
7
16
15
/1911
\1912
4
4
63.0
63.0
.2864
.2864
3
3
1
1
/1911
\1912
32
30
60.0
60.0
.2506
.2532
9
9
8
8
/1911
\1912
19
20
64.7
64.5
.1834
.1877
fl911
\1912
35
35
60.9
60.9
.2455
.2496
13
9
22
26
/1911
\1912
28
29
60.2
60.2
.2656
.2660
10
10
14
15
3
3
/1911
\1912
16
15
63.4
63.2
.2188
.2193
5
4
7
7
3
3
1
1
/19U
\1912
21
22
65.1
65.2
.1813
.1834
2
1
8
7
2
3
/1911
\1912
53
52
61.0
61.0
.2584
.2617
17
13
24
26
1*2
13
/1911
\1912
31
31
61.8
62.1
.2786
.2786
18
20
13
11
/1911
\1912
70
74
60.0
60.0
.2774
.2697
46
52
22
18
/1911
\1912
81
84
60.0
60.0
.3264
.3299
/1911
\1912
42
37
64.7
64.5
.1972
.2076
/1911
\1912
33
34
63.2
63.1
.1729
.1737
/1911
\1912
7
7
59.9
59.9
.2864
.2864
/1911
\1912
24
24
62.8
62.8
.2450
.2465
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
13
11
3
6
6
7
2
2
1
1
SETTERS, MALE.
Alabama:
13 e s ta b lis h
ments.
Arkansas:
19 e sta b lish
ments.
California:
14 e sta b lish
ments.
Florida:
9 e sta b lish
ments.
Georgia:
16 e sta b lish
ments.
Louisiana:
21 e sta b lish
ments.
Maine:
10 e sta b lish
ments.
Michigan:
25 e sta b lish
ments.
Minnesota:
. 8 e sta b lish
ments.
Mississippi:
15 e sta b lish
ments.
North Carolina:
17 e sta b lish
ments.
Oregon:
4 e sta b lish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
14 e sta b lish
ments.
4
5
1
1
8
8
1
6
2
1
2
4
81
84
7
3
6
7
6
7
7
18
20
6
12
7
2
3
9
10
8
4
4
5
5
11
9
13
15
2
2
1
1
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
54
BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able I I I . —
CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1007 TO 1912—Continued.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
State, and num
ber of establish Year. em full
ploy time
ments.
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
10 12 14
of
and and and
wages Un
un
un un
der
per
10 der der der
hour. cts.
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
10
18 20 25 30 40 50
and and and and and and and eo
un un un un un un un cts.
der der der der der der der and
18 20 25 30 40 50 60 over.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
SETTERS, MALE—
concluded.
South Carolina:
7 e sta b lish
ments.
Tennessee:
27 e sta b lish
ments.
Texas:
12
establish
ments.
Virginia:
11
establish
ments.
Washington:
19
establish
ments.
West Virginia:
16
establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
24
establish
ments.
2
1
3
6
6
2
3
8
9
3
3
5
4
12
9
11
10
3
4
J1911
\1912
15
16
62.0 $0.1925
61.9 .1962
/1911
\1912
34
34
60.5
60.3
.2047
.2032
/1911
U912
32
32
60.0
60.0
.2469
.2508
/1911
\1912
22
22
63.3
63.3
.1645
.1646
r1911
\1912
39
39
60.0
60.0
.2835
.2814
o
3
/1911
\1912
31
31
62.2
62.3
.2546
.2541
(1911
\1912
81
75
60.0
60.0
.2681
.2670
Alabama:
12
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
17
17
64.5
64.5
.1442
.1453
12
establish
ments.
Arkansas:
17
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
14
14
64.7
64.7
.1435
.1440
/1910
11911
22
22
61.1
61.1
.1872
.1883
19
establish
ments.
California:
9
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
26
26
60.9
60.7
.1901
.1799
/1910
\1911
14
13
60.4
60.5
.2697
.2777
14
establish
ments.
Florida:
9
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
23
26
60.3
60.2
.2746
.2671
/1910
\1911
14
14
63.4
63.4
.1502
.1518
4
4
9
establish
ments.
Georgia:
13
establish
ments.
11911
\1912
14
13
64.3
64.2
.1493
.1505
5
5
/1910
\1911
13
13
64.3
64.3
.1383
.1417
15
establish
ments.
Louisiana:
10
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
15
15
64.8
64.1
.1396
.1460
/1910
\1911
11
11
61.6
61.6
.2004
.1991
/1911
\1912
27
29
61.0
61.1
.2102
.2148
1
l
2
3
10
9
5
6
2
2
2
7
8
20
18
1
3
1
4
17 20
17
19
8
9
19
18
4
4
17
19
28
27
36
29
11
12
11
2
2
18
19
2
TRIMMER OPER
ATORS, M A L E.
21
establish
ments.
Maine:
8
establish
ments.
Michigan:
14 establish
ments.
i
10
10
8
8
4
4
4
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
9
8
8
6
1
1
1
1
4
11
12
16
4
2
1
4
3
4
4
1
1
1
1
6
7
8
5
1
1
4
3
2
4
4
4
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
2
17
18
1
1
1
1
3
1
/1911
\1912
13
13
61.5
61.5
.2334
.2361
3
3
/1910
\1911
38
38
60.0
60.0
.2045
. 2049
2
2
7
7
28
28
25 establish /1911
1.1912
ments.
55
54
60.0
60.0
.2080
.2129
3
2
5
4
43
44
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
5
6
6
5
1
1
2
1
4
4
1
55
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T
able
III___ CLASSIFIED
RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber of inal
State, and num
ber of establish Year. em •full
ments.
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
12
14
10
16
of
and and and and
wages Un
un un un un
der
per
der der der
hour. 10 der
14
16
18
cts. 12
cts. cts. cts. cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
60
51
29
32
18
17
6
4
22
25
3
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
TRIMMER OPER
ATORS, MALE—
concluded.
Minnesota:
8
establish /1910
\1911
ments.
112
107
8
establish
ments.
Mississippi:
9
establish
ments.
11911
\1912
31
29
60.0
60.0
.2613
.2655
/1910
U9H
17
15
64.6
64.4
.1460
.1482
13
establish
ments.
North Carolina:
14 establish
ments.
J1911
\1912
21
18
64.9
64.7
.1569
.1643
/1910
\1911
16
16
61.6
61.6
17 establish
ments.
Oregon:
3
establish
ments.
/1911
\1912
19
20
(1910
\1911
4
establish
ments.
Pennsylvania:
13 establish
ments.
14 establish
ments.
South Carolina:
5
establish
ments.
7
establish
ments
Tennessee:
24 establish
ments.
27
establish
ments.
Texas:
10 establish
ments.
12 establish
ments.
Virginia:
9
establish
ments.
11 establish
ments.
Washington:
14 establish
ments.
18 establish
ments.
West Virginia:
13 establish
ments.
16 establish
ments.
Wisconsin:
22 establish
ments.
24
establish
ments.
60.0 $0.2404
60.0 .2450
5
7
11
8
4
5
1
1
1
1
5
3
10
8
2
1
1
2
2
3
.1453
.1459
3
3
4
4
6
5
1
2
2
1
1
62.9
63.1
.1445
.1448
4
4
5
3
6
9
1
2
2
1
1
1
7
6
59.9
59.9
.2968
.2921
3
3
4
3
/1911
\1912
8
8
59.9
59.9
.2941
.3003
3
3
5
5
/1910
\1911
/1911
\1912
25
22
22
18
64.0
64.0
63.3
63.1
.2201
.2212
.2143
.2158
1
1
2
2
/1910
\1911
/1911
U912
11
11
13
11
61.6
61.6
61.8
61.5
.1721
.1744
.1677
.1683
2
3
4
4
4
2
5
4
4
3
(1910
\1911
/1911
U912
25
25
27
27
59.5
59.5
60.1
59.9
.1670
.1704
.1769
.1782
5
5
4
3
10
9
8
7
4
3
4
6
1
/1910
\1911
/1911
\1912
27
23
24
18
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1919
.1931
1
9
9
11
6
/1910
\1911
/1911
\1912
12
12
32
12
63.2
63.2
63.3
63.3
. 1531
.1531
.1603
.1665
J1910
\1911
/1911
\1912
26
24
26
27
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
/1910
\1911
/1911
\1912
15
15
18
17
/1910
\1911
/1911
\1912
81
81
71
46
1
1
5
3
2
1
14
14
13
10
6
5
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
6
9
8
2
2
2
2
9
2
2
7
11
10
11
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
.2908
.2963
.3023
.3109
1
1
1
9
5
5
7
2
4
4
2
11
11
12
13
63.1
63.1
62.9
62.7
.2346
.2368
. 2338
.2437
3
3
3
1
7
7
10
8
4
4
4
6
1
1
1
2
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2160
.2194
.2230
.2110
7
5
5
4
44
40
33
26
20
26
25
6
1
. 1887
1
7
7
5
4
2
2
2
g
1
10
10
8
9
1
3
3
4
5
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
DIN OF THE BUREAU
OF
LABOR STATISTICS.
SIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF W (
THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 19
>n the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are
.]
N U M BER.
Year.
Employees whose nominal full-time workin
week were—
Aver
age
Num nomi
ber
nal
of em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Un
der
54.
54
57
and
and
under under
57.
60.
>er
>ver
56.
.
.
.
.
169
162
155
176
7
7
7
7
1,327
1,298
61.4 .
61.3 .
967
9
9
1911
1912
852
869
61.4 .
61.3 .
610
628
8
8
1907
1908
1909
1910
79
78
77
84
.
.
.
.
65
63
62
2
2
2
2
1910
1911
585
569
61.2 .
61.2 .
442
3
3
1911
1912
684
686
61.3 .
61.2 .
521
524
4
4
1907
1908
1909
mo
4,097
3,662
3,910
4,582
60.5 .
60.6
60.5 ,
60.5
185
171
228
3,544
3,027
3,278
3,890
52
51
52
51
1910
1911
20,327
19,256
61.3
61.3
556 15,008
450 14,176
112
114
1911
1912
26,784
25,506
61.4
61.5
388 19,567
355 18,336
200
263
-911
1912
1,156
1,165
61.3
61.1
1907
1908
1909
1910
71
69
69
73
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
1910
. 1911
430
433
61.1
61.0
1911
. 1912
509
493
61.1
61.1
1907
1908
1909
1910
14
14
13
14
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
J 1910
\ 1911
81
78
61.9
62.0
3
3
/ 1911
\ 1912
95
94
62.5
62.5
3
1907
1908
1909
. 1910
6
6
6
6
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
' 1910
L1911
64
60
61.4
61.6
1911
L1912
74
75
61.6
61.6
f
1907
1908
1909
1910
208
201
195
215
1910
1911
60.7
60.8
60.8
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
121
20
871
918
1
1
1
1
60
59
2
2
3
3
319
324
2
2
1
2
387
378
63
2
2
10
2
2
6
57
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T a b l e I V ___ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
N U M BE R —Concluded.
Occupation, sex, and
number of establish
ments.
Sawyers, resaw, male:
98 establishments...
Year.
Num
ber of em
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Employees whose nominal full-time working hours per
week were—
Un
der
54.
54
57
and
and
under under
57.
60.
60.
Over
63
60
and
and under
under
66
63.
.
.
66
1911
1912
149
147
60.7
60.7
128
126
12
12
1911
1912
714
713
61.3
61.2
537
537
116
37 establishments...
1907
1908
1909
1910
72
68
72
74
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
60
56
60
61
5
5
5
5
228 establishments..
1910
1911
503
485
61.0
61.0
397
77
73
294 establishments..
1911
1912
479
441
61.3
61.3
362
331
Setters, male:
301 establishments..
Trimmers, male:
.
Over
66
121
75
P E R CEN T.
Carriage men, male:
( 1907
I 1908
1 1909
I 1910
208
201
195
215
60.7
60.8
60.8
60.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
2.9
3.0
3.6
2.8
81.2
80.6
79.5
81.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.9
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.2
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.1
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.3
/ 1910
\ 1911
1,327
1,298
61.4
61.3
.5
.5
1.7
1.7
72.9
73.9
.9
.9
3.8
3.9
19.7
18.4
.7
.7
/ 1911
\ 1912
852
869
61.4
61.3
.1
.%
1.6
1.7
71.6
72.3
.5
.7
4.3
4.5
20.9
19.7
.9
.9
1907
1908
1909
1910
79
78
77
84
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
2.6
2.6
2.4
82.3
80.8
80.5
82.1
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.4
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.6
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.0
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.4
245 establishments
/ 1910
\ 1911
585
569
61.2
61.2
.5
.5
1.4
1.4
75.6
76.1
.9
.9
4.3
4.6
16.9
16.0
.5
.5
299 establishments
Laborers, male:
/ 1911
I 1912
684
686
61.3
61.2
.1
.3
1.2
1.3
76.2
76.4
.4
.4
4.8
5.5
16.7
15.5
.6
.6
f 1907
1908
41 establishments .. 11 1909
I 1910
4,097
3,662
3,910
4,582
60.5
60.6
60.5
60.5
.3
.3
.3
.3
3.0
5.1
4.4
5.0
86.5
82.7
83.8
84.9
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
4.2
5.1
4.9
4.1
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.4
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.1
245 establishments . / 1910
\ 1911
20,327
19,256
61.3
61.3
.2
.2
2.7
2.3
73.8
73.6
1.0
1.2
3.9
4.2
17.7
17.9
.6
.6
/ 1911
299 establishments . \ 1912
Planer feeders, male:
178 establishments.. j\ 1911
1912
Sawyers, band, male:
f 1907
1908
34 establishments... 11 1909
I 1910
26,784
25,506
61.4
61.5
0)
.1
1.4
1.4
73.1
71.9
.5
.6
6.0
6.0
18.2
19.0
.7
1.0
1,156
1.165
61.3
61.1
1.7
.7
75.3
78.8
.6
.7
4.9
5.2
17.4
14.6
71
69
69
73
60.8
60.8
60.8
60.7
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
84.5
85.5
85.5
86.3
2.8
1.4
1.4
1.4
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.7
7.0
7.2
7.2
6.8
203 establishments.. /\ 1910
1911
430
433
61.1
61.0
0.5
.5
.7
.7
1.6
1.6
74.2
74.8
.7
.7
5.8
6.0
16.5
15.7
/ 1911
243 establishments.. \ 1912
509
493
61.1
61.1
.4
.4
.2
.4
1.4
1.6
76.0
76.7
.4
.6
5.9
5.5
15.7
14.8
41 establishments
245 establishments
Doggers, male:
273 establishments
Edgermen, male:
41 establishments .
i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
58
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
T a b l e I V ___ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FTJLL-TIME HOURS OF W ORK PER
W EEK IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
P E R CE N T—Concluded.
Occupation, sex, and
number of establish
ments.
Sawyers, c i r c u l a r ,
male:
Year.
Aver
age
Num nomi
ber
nal
of em full*
ploy time
ees. hours
per
Employees whose nominal full-time working hours por
week were—
Un
der
54.
54
57
and
and
under
under
60.
57.
60.
Over
63
60
and
and
under under
68.
63.
66.
Over
66.
12 establishments...
1907
1908
1909
1910
61.3
61.3
61.3
61.3
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.1
71.4
71.4
69.2
71.4
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.1
58 establishments...
1910
1911
61.9
62.0
1.2
1.3
66.7
65.4
2.5
2.6
25.9
26.9
3.7
3.8
72 establishments...
Sawyers, gang, male:
1911
1912
62.5
62.5
1.1
1.1
56.8
58.5
4.2
4.3
34.7
29.8
3.2
6.4
5 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52 establishments..
1910
1911
64
60
61.4
61.6
75.0
71.7
3.1
3.3
20.3
23.3
66 establishments..
Sawyers, resaw, male:
98 establishments..
Setters, male:
301 establishments.
Trimmers, male:
1911
1912
74
75
61.6
61.6
71.6
70.7
2.7
4,0
25.7
25.3
1911
149
60.7
147
60.7
1.3
1.4
85.9
85.7
4.7
4.8
8.1
8.2
1911
1912
714
713
61.3
61.2
0.1
.3
1.1
1.3
75.2
75.3
.4
.4
5.2
5.5
16.9
16.3
.8
1.0
1907
1908
1909
1910
72
37 establishments...
72
74
60.7
60.7
60.7
60.7
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
83.3
82.4
83.3
82.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.7
6.9
7.4
6.9
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.7
228 establishments.
1910
, 1911
503
485
61.0
61.0
.8
.8
1.0
1.0
78.9
79.0
1.0
1.0
2.4
2.5
15.3
15.1
.6
.6
294 establishments.
1911
1912
479
441
61.3
61.3 ..........
.2
.5
1.0
1.4
75.6
75.1
.6
.5
4.4
4.8
17.3
17.0
.8
.9
1912
68
1.6
1.7
14.3
14.3
15.4
14.3
59
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T a b le
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912.
CARRIAGE M EN: Male.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
full
estab em
Over 63 and
lish ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
60 and under
Over
ments. ees. hours
under under
60. under
66.
54.
66.
per
60.
66.
57.
63.
week.
1910.
13
17
9
9
14
60
108
39
53
38
64.7
61.3
60.3
62.6
63.9
11
84
37
30
14
Mississippi____ ______
10
7
22
8
9
58
28
121
108
91
60.6
61.8
60.0
60.0
64.6
52
18
121
108
21
North Carolina r______
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
14
3
13
5
24
59
21
48
34
60
61.9
59.9
63.7
61.5
59.8
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
10
9
14
13
22
85
57
84
41
134
60.0
62.7
60.0
62.7
60.0
Total...................
245
1,327
61.4
Alabama.......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
13
17
9
9
14
60
106
33
53
38
Louisiana.....................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi...................
10
7
22
8
9
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
Alabama......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
Maine............................
Michigan. . . _____ ____
2
6
6
4
4
6
6
22
27
15
18
21
48
85
18
84
21
134
2
9
31
24
2
23
22
7
2
6
10
70
3
6
15
4
4
3
4
28
6
3
6
24
8
12
967
12
50
261
9
64.7
61.2
60.4
62.6
63.9
11
85
31
30
14
2
9
31
21
2
23
22
7
60
29
121
121
79
60.6
61.9
60.0
60.0
64.2
54
18
121
121
24
14
3
13
5
24
59
15
42
34
60
61.9
59.8
63.6
61.5
59.8
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
10
9
14
13
22
76
57
80
41
134
60.0
62.7
60.0
62.7
60.0
Total...................
245
1,298
61.3
1911.
2
4
6
6
4
6
6
22
27
9
18
21
48
76
18
80
21
134
959
11
2
6
55
3
6
15
4
4
3
4
22
6
3
12
6
24
8
12
51
239
9
22
10
1
21
10
5
DOGGERS: Male.
1911.
Alabama.......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida..........................
Georgia.........................
13
19
13
9
13
39
69
32
39
27
64.8
60.9
60.2
63.2
64.1
4
Louisiana.....................
Maine............................
Michigan......................
Minnesota.....................
Mississippi....................
21
4
25
4
15
91
8
73
31
73
60.5
63.8
60.0
60.0
64.3 .
3
6
4
5
52
3
60
BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF W ORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
DOGGERS: Male—Concluded.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em
full
Over 63 and
lish ploy time
54 and 57 and
60 and under
Over
ments. ees. hours Under
under under 60.
66.
54.
under
66.
per
57.
60.
66.
63.
week.
1911.
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pp.nrisylvan iR..
South Carolina....... .,
Tennessee.... .............
15
4
10
6
26
41
14
13
24
40
62.8
59.9
64.4
61.4
60.4
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin.....................
12
11
19
14
20
42
44
63
24
65
60.0
63.3
60.0
62.4
60.0
Total...................
273
852
61.4
Alabama.......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
13
19
13
9
13
41
73
33
35
28
65.0
60.8
60.2
63.3
64.0
7
63
32
16
11
Louisiana.....................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi...................
21
4
25
4
15
91
10
86
30
62
60.5
64.0
60.0
60.0
64.3
83
2
86
30
18
3
8
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
15
4
10
6
26
42
14
13
26
40
62.7
59.9
64.4
61.4
60.0
17
10
3
16
31
8
13
3
2
7
4
4
Texas............................
Virginia........................
W ashingto n.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
11
19
14
20
44
42
67
23
69
60.0
63.5
60.0
62.3
60.0
Total...................
273
869
61.3
4
4
1
2
4
1
14
16
10
3
16
33
42
12
63
14
65
610
2
2
4
8
13
3
2
7
4
4
4
22
3
7
37
178
8
5
24
10
1
19
10
5
1912.
4
4
2
3
4
2
15
44
9
67
14
69
4
3
5
44
4
2
4
23
2
7
>
628
6
39
171
8
1
4
11
8
1
7
9
2
EDGERMEN: Male.
1910.
Alabama......................
Arkansas.................
California....................
Florida.........................
Georgia ....................
13
17
9
9
14
22
51
18
15
15
64.6
60.9
60.3
62.8
64.1
4
43
17
8
5
Louisiana .................
M a in e .....................
Michigan
Minnesota................
Mississippi
____
10
7
22
8
9
22
18
58
64
32
60.8
62.5
60.0
60.0
64.5
19
9
58
64
8
North Carolina
Oregon
Penns y Ivania
South Carolina
Tennessee.....................
14
3
13
5
24
22
~7
25
13
26
63.9
59.9
63.8
61.4
59.8
1
2
2
2
2
10
5
9
8
20
1
3
9
24
1
2
6
2
2
1
2
14
2
>
61
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T able
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
EDGERMEN: Male—Concluded.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
full
estab em
Over
and
lish ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
60 and 63
Over
under
under under
66.
60. under
ments. ees. hours
54.
66.
66.
per
57.
60.
63.
week.
1910.
10
9
14
13
22
36
18
22
20
81
60.0
62.9
60.0
62.6
60.0
245
585
61.2
13
19
14
9
16
20
57
26
15
18
64.7
60.6
60.2
63.6
64.6
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi
............
21
10
25
7
15
55
22
70
61
41
60.9
62.5
60.0
60.0
64.2
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South 'Carolina.............
Tennessee.................
17
4
14
7
27
26
7
19
15
32
63.0
59.9
63.3
61.6
60.5
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
11
18
16
24
34
22
24
26
94
60.0
63.5
60.0
62.2
60.0
Total...................
299
684
61.3
Alabama......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
13
19
14
9
16
18
52
32
15
19
64.6
60.6
60.2
63.6
64.6
Louisiana.....................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi....................
21
10
25
7
15
59
24
69
62
36
61.0
62.5
60.0
60.0
63.8
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
17
4
14
7
27
28
7
20
16
32
63.2
59.9
63.1
61.5
60.3
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
11
18
16
24
33
21
26
26
91
60.0
63.7
60.0
62.2
60.0
Total...................
299
686
61.2
2
3
8
36
5
22
11
81
2
8
3
6
25
99
3
4
51
25
6
5
3
11
6
1
9
9
2
46
11
70
61
12
4
11
10
5
8
9
25
4
10
2
4
1
7
3
4
1
2
12
2
8
33
114
4
4
47
31
6
5
3
9
5
1
9
9
2
48
12
69
62
13
6
12
10
5
9
10
23
5
11
4
1
7
3
4
442
1
5
1911.
Alabama .. r____
Georgia.........................
Louisiana.... _______
2
2
1
2
2
1
8
34
5
24
16
94
521
2
2
5
29
3
1913.
2
2
2
3
2
2
9
33
4
26
16
91
524
3
2
5
23
2
1
3
2
12
2
8
38
106
4
62
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YE A R , B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
LABORERS: Male.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
nal
ber of ber of
full
estab em
Over 63 and
lish ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
Over
60 and under
66.
under under 60.
ments ees. hours
66.
54.
under
57.
66.
per
60.
63.
week.
Year and State.
1907.
3
2
3
2
5
180
277
211
257
‘128
62.2
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
4
2
5
2
359
310
137
84
62.9
59.8
63.3
62.1
TennesseA. ..
Washington ..
Wisconsin.
Other States .
2
3
7
1
89
971
724
70
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
Total. ..
41
4,097
60.5
Oregon....... ..................
52
128
277
211
257
428
12
121
138
189
62
72
137
75
50
34
50
171
89
971
724
70
12
121
3,544
147
52
»
1908.
Alah^mq.....
California..
Florida.........
Maine...
Michigan..
3
2
3
2
5
165
257
162
300
418
62.3
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina.. . .
Oregon..
Pennsylvania___
South Carolina
4
2
5
2
298
385
146
84
63.9
59.8
63.0
62.1
Tennessee__
__
W ashington. . .
Wisconsin.
Other States.................
2
3
7
1
86
569
725
67
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
Total...................
41
3,662
60.6
___
3
2
3
2
5
171
311
159
312
412
62.3
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
North Carolina............
Oregon___
___
Pennsylvania. .
South Carolina............
4
2
5
2
303
318
165
88
63.9 ..........
59.7
62.7
62.1
Tennessee__
___
Washington.................
Wisconsin....................
Other States.................
2
3
7
1
89
777
743
62
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
. .. .
41
3,910
60.5
Alabama. . . .
___
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
13
17
9
9
14
1,101
954
871
687
872
Louisiana.....................
Maine......
........
Michigan..
Minnesota....................
Mississippi.................. .
10
7
22
8
10
591
633
1,953
1,210
1,026
...
51
114
257
162
300
418
12
185
57
200
72
74
155
74
51
33
51
188
86
569
725
67
12
185
3,027
148
51
1909.
Alabama___
California..
Florida___
Maine__
Michigan..
Total
___
___
52
119
311
159
312
412
12
171
57
147
90
77
157
75
52
36
3,278
52
193
152
52
64.2
60.6
60.1
62.1
63.7
247
861
855
447
352
66'
176
561
93
16
240
459
51
61.4
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.6
453
438
1,953
1,209
239
89
777
743
62
12
171
1910.
138
105
. ,
. . ..
1
I
1
787 1
61
63
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
Table
Y . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1997 TO 1912— Continued.
L A B O R E R S , M A L E —Concluded.
Y ear and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em
full
Over 63 and
lish ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
Over
60 and under
under under 60.
66.
ments. ees. hours 54.
66.
under 66.
per
60.
57.
63.
week.
i
1910.
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
South Carolina.............
Virginia..
Washington.................
W<^t Vfrgirpiq.,,,
Wisconsin.
Total...................
14
3
13
5
23
964
613
772
618
716
62.1
59.8
63.1
61.3
59.8
10
9
14
13
22
727
814
2,132
532
2,541
60.0
63.2
60.0
62.8
60.0
245 20,327
61.3
15
32
98
228
94
136
47
421
385
359
426
549
727
146
2,132
268
2,541
556 15,008
50
144
236
53
72
43
41
341
96
38
48
446
82
182
801
3,596
112
613
134
18
426
481
51
207
1911.
Alabama......................
1,190
1,936
1,206
799
1,159
64.5
60.4
60.1
63.2
64.3
225
1,802
1,188
373
398
301
Florida..........................
Georgia.........................
13
19
14
9
16
Louisiana......................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi....................
21 2,459
732
10
25 2,206
7 1,213
15 1,886
61.4
61.7
60.0
60.0
64.5
1,819
484
2,206
1,213
466
313
248
North Carolina............
Oregon.........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina. . .
Tennessee.....................
17
4
14
7
27
1,345
458
518
721
1,006
63.0
59.8
63.4
61.5
60.4
Texas...........................
Virginia..............* ___
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
11
18
16
24
1,359
826
2,137
790
2,838
60.0
63.0
60.0
62.2
60.0
299 26,784
61.4
Arlrjvnsns,.................
California.................. ...
Total...................
95
157
11
52
84
11
517
301
204
453
849
1,359
239
2,137
496
2,838
388 19,567
131
:
149
327
1,420
301 * 432
76
145
55
69
48
386 j..........
59
235
145
1,601
169
137
94
4,872 |
200
699
197
22
562
447
112
1912.
Alabama.......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
13
19
14
9
16
1,403
2,142
1,311
1,013
1,062
64.8
60.6
60.1
63.3
64.4
198
1,945
1,289
451
350
394
Louisiana......................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota...................
Mississippi....................
21
10
25
7
15
2,398
515
1,766
1,269
1,624
61.1
62.0
60.0
60.0
64.5
1,940
312
1,766
1,269
412
230
203
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina............
Tennessee.....................
17
4
14
7
27
1,321
483
654
871
919
62.7
59.9
63.1
61.1
60.6
562
359
296
623
712
290
368
85
144
56
214
107
127
Texas...........................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12 1,380
11
788
18 1,982
16
767
24 1,838
60.0
63.4
60.0
62.4
60.0
60
46
412
54
256
Total...................
299 25,506
61.5
1,531
4,851
101
124
25
55
75
25
1,380
195
1,982
457
1,838
355 18,336
114
151
228
1,212
145
263
64
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
Y . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
PLANER FEEDERS: Male.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
em
full
Over 63 and
ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
60 and under
Over
under 60.
ees. hours
66.
54. under
under
66.
57.
per
60.
66.
63.
week.
1911.
7
18
10
4
8
43
199
38
23
27
64.7
60.5
60.0
62.6
63.0
5
184
38
13
13
15
23
15
5
10
9
20
4
4
4
14
179
8
48
46
95
61.4
63.8
60.0
60.0
64.2
134
2
48
46
15
14
6
31
8
4
8
3
6
44
39
10
12
14
63.3
59.9
63.3
63.1
62.6
17
32
4
2
8
12
14
3
3
5
6
Texas............................
Virginia......................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
4
16
60.0
61.8
60.0
62.7
60.0
2
13
106
20
93
30
82
12
Total...................
178
1,156
61.3
57
201
1912.
Alabama......................
Arkansas....... >..............
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
7
18
10
4
8
46
203
43
25
27
64.7
60.4
60.0
62.4
63.0
5*
188
43
15
13
17
24
15
5
10
9
Louisiana.....................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi....................
20
4
4
4
14
166
9
56
49
81
60.9
63.9
60.0
60.0
64.2
139
2
56
49
24
14
7
13
North Carolina............
Oregon.........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina............
Tennessee.....................
8
4
8
3
6
45
42
10
11
17
63.3
59.9
63.3
62.9
62.5
17
35
4
2
10
13
14
3
3
4
7
Texas...........................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West V irginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
4
16
60.0
61.1
60.0
62.6
60.0
2
12
13
103
18
100
31
83
Total...................
178
1,105
61.1
61
170
Ai?0wna. ___________
Arkp.noqa____ _____
California......................
Florida..........................
Georgia.........................
Tiftnisifl.na._-,_________
Maine...........................
Michigan..... ................
Minnesota__________
Mississippi....................
North Carolina______
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
U
U
12
1
7
106
13
93
16
82
20
1
7
871
103
13
100
17
83
8
918
68
5
2
7
5
m
57
5
3
8
2
SAW YER S, BAND: Male.
1910.
Alabama.........
Arkansas.........
California.........
Florida............
Georgia............
7
14
9
5
4
12
28
16
64.2
61.3
CO. 4
62.7
62.4
2
22
15
5
3
Louisiana........
Maine..............
Michigan.........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi.......
8
6
19
8
7
13
17
45
38
21
60.9
62.4
60.0
60.0
64.9
11
9
45
38
4
17
65
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
V .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
S A W Y E R S , B A N D : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Aver- Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
full
estab emOver 63 and
lish ploy- time Under 54 and 57 and
Over
60 and under
ments.
hours
under under 60.
54.
under
per
66.
57.
63.
week.
1 91 0 .
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina.,
62.1
59.9
63.7
61.4
59.8
60.0
63.0
60.0
59.5
60.0
Texas..............
Virginia..........
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.......
430
Total.
61.1
1911.
Alabama.........
Arkansas.........
California.........
Florida............
Georgia............
64.3
61.1
60.0
63.0
63.3
Louisiana........
Maine..............
Michigan.........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi.......
60.8
62.3
60.0
60.0
64.6
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina.
Tennessee.........
63.3
59.9
63.4
61.6
60.5
Texas..............
Virginia..........
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.......
60.0
63.6
60.0
Total.
319
25
387
30
243
509
7
16
11
4
5
8
32
26
8
7
64.1
60.9
60.0
63.0
63.3
Louisiana..
Maine.......
Michigan..
Minnesota.
17
8
23
7
9
36
18
55
40
19
62.4
61.<9
60.0
60.0
64.1
North Carolina.
Oregon..............
Pennsylvania...
South Carolina.
14
3
13
6
27
25
5
18
13
33
63.3
59.9
63.4
61.6
60.3
4
7
8
24
Texas..............
Virginia..........
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.......
10
10
14
15
24
21
20
26
27
56
60.0
63.6
60.0
59.9
60.0
21
4
26
15
56
T o ta l....
243
493
61.1
378
1913.
Alabama...........
Arkansas..........
California..........
Florida..............
93372°— Bull. 129— 13------ 5
11
27
73
66
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SAW YERS, CIRCULAR; Male.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
full
estab em
Over
54 and 57 and
lish ploy time
60 and 63 and 66.
Over
under under 60.
ments. ees. hours Under
54.
under under
66.
per
57.
60.
66.
63.
week.
1910.
6
4
4
10
4
9
4
7
12
4
65.0
60.0
62.6
65.2
60.0
2
4
4
2
4
North Carolina.............
Oregon..........................
7
* 3
3
2
14
6
3
3
60.0
63.0
60.0
59.8
14
3
3
2
Texas............................
Washington.................
Wfcp.rvnsiTi. __________
Other States.................
3
4
2
6
5
5
2
7
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.0
Alabama.......................
Arfrfvnsfts.. - -, - r_____
Georgia.........................
Louisiana... , ______
Miohipan . „ - -
- - .......-
1
1
3
2
1
54
2
21
3
6
2
81
61.9
Alabama.......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida..........................
7
2
3
5
10
2
3
8
65.1
60.0
62.0
63.8
2
2
2
3
Georgia.........................
Louisiana.....................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
11
6
2
6
13
6
2
14
65.8
61.0
65.0
60.0
2
5
Mississippi....................
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
7
3
2
2
11
3
2
2
64.9
60.0
59.8
62.5
Texas............................
Washington.................
Wisconsin....................
Other States.................
4
7
2
3
5
8
2
4
60.0
60.0
60.0
62.3
Total...................
72
95
62.5
1
2
5
5
2
4
58
Total...................
5
3
9
1911.
1
1
i
i
i
1913.
Alabama.......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
7
2
3
5
Georgia,........................
Louisiana.....................
Maine............................
Michigan......................
Mississippi....................
11
6
2
6
7
North Carolina.............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
Texas............................
3
2
2
4
3
2
2
5
60.0
59.8
62.5
60.0
Washington.................
Wisconsin.....................
Other States.................
7
2
3
7
2
3
60.0
60.0
63.0
Total...................
72
94
62.5
14
2
3
1
1
1
5
10
1
9
1
5
8
2
2
1
1
54
4
33
3
6
2
2
2
2
3
10
2
65.1
60.0 .......... !...........
1
! 62.0
7 1 63.4
!
66.0
13
6
61.0
2
65.0
60.0
17
64.8
10
1
4
7
1
2
5
17
2
1
3
1
1
5
7
2
1
1
1
2
55
4
2
8
1
1
4 1
1
28 !
t
6
67
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T a b le
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SAW YERS, GANG: Male.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em
full
Over 63 and
lish ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
Over
60 and under
under under 60.
66.
ments. ees. hours
54.
under
66.
57.
per
60.
66.
63.
week.
1910.
6
7
3
4
6
9
7
3
4
10
65.1
60.0
60.0
64.5
60.0
7
3
1
10
4
2
3
8
9
4
3
3
12
9
63.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
61.3
2
3
3
12
7
52
64
61.4
48
Alabama......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
6
8
2
4
4
7
8
2
4
4
65.8
60.0
60.0
66.0
64.5
8
2
Louisiana.....................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi....................
Oregon..........................
Texas............................
9
4
5
2
3
9
7
5
2
3
60.6
60.0
62.4
60.0
60.0
8
7
2
2
3
Virginia........................
Washington.................
Wisconsin....................
Other States.................
2
3
9
5
2
3
11
7
66.0
60.0
60.0
60.9
3
11
6
Total...................
66
74
61.6
53
Alabama......................
Arkansas......................
California
......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
6
8
2
4
4
8
8
2
4
4
65.6
60.0
60.0
66.0
64.5
8
2
Louisiana.....................
Minnesota...................
Mississippi....................
Oregon..........................
Texas...........................
9
4
5
2
3
9
7
5
2
3
60.6
60.0
62.5
60.0
60.0
8
7
2
2
3
Virginia........................
Washington..................
Wisconsin.....................
Other States...............
2
3
9
5
2
3
12
6
66.0
60.0
60.0
61.0
3
12
5
Total...................
66
75
61.6
53
Mississippi....................
1
2
6
3
2
2
1
2
13
1
6
1911.
4
3
1
1
3
2
1
2
19
2
6
1912.
4
3
1
1
3
2
1
3
19
SAWYERS, RESAW : Male.
1911.
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
Louisiana.....................
2
7
2
2
2
3
14
2
2
2
62.0
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
2
14
2
1
1
1
1
i
68
BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SAW YER S, JIESAW: MaJc—Concluded.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em
full
Over 63 and
lish ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
60 and under
Over
ments. ees. hours 54.
under under 60.
66.
under
66.
57.
per
66.
60.
63.
week.
1911.
3
11
11
1
5
1
2
3
3
2
1
Minnesota.,. -, - T- .......
Mississippi....................
4
7
5
2
8
4
11
11
2
9
60.0
60.0
66.0
62.6
Oregon..........................
Pfvnnsyl vfVHif*-........... - South Caiolrna-....... ..
Tp.nriftsspft. , .................
Virginia-,. - - , .........
4
4
4
5
3
6
8
5
6
3
59.9
63.4
61.2
60.0
60.5
Washington.............
West V irginia..............
Wisconsin.....................
Other States................
16
4
16
1
24
4
32
1
60.0
63.0
60.0
60.0
Total...................
98
149
60.7
Arkansas. - r- r_____
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
Louisiana.....................
2
7
2
2
2
3
13
2
2
2
62.0
60.0
60.0
62.8
63.0
2
13
2
1
1
Maine............................
Michigan .....................
Minnesota.....................
Mississippi...................
North Carolina............
4
7
5
2
8
4
1C
13
2
9
61.3
60.0
60.0
66.0
62.5
3
10
13
1
5
1
2
3
Oregon.......................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
V irginia......................
4
4
4
5
3
7
8
5
6
3
59.9
63.4
61.2
60.0
3
2
1
Washington. ..............
West Virginia
.........
Wisconsin ...................
Other States ..............
16
4
16
1
23
4
30
1
60.0
63.0
60.0
60.0
Total...................
98
147
60.7
Maine............................
1
5
3
4
6
1
1
1
24
2
32
1
2
2
128
7
12
1913.
1
1
1
6
3
4
6
1
1
i
23
2
30
1
2
1
2
126 !..........
1
7
12
11
5
1
9
10
S E T T E R S : M ale.
1 9 11.
Alabama ...................
Arkansas ....................
California....................
F lorid a........................
Georgia.........................
13
19
14
9
16
19
35
28
16
a 21
64.7
60.9
60.2
63.4
65.1
4
30
27
7
5
2
Louisiana.....................
Maine
......................
Michigan.......................
Minnesota ...................
Mississippi
___
21
10
25
8
15
53
31
70
81
42
61.0
61.8
60.0
60.0
64.7
43
20
70
81
9
6
11
North Carolina.............
Oregon
............
Pennsylvania.............
South Carolina___ ___
Tennessee.....................
17
4
14
7
27
33
7
24
15
34
63.2
59.9
62.8
62.0
60.3
12
5
12
8
27
6
13
5
1
7
4
4
2
2
1
2
a IndLudes 4 who do doggers’ work also.
2
4
33
2
2
4
69
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T a b l e V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
SETTERS: M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em
full
Over
lish ploy time
54 and 57 and
Over
60 and 63 and 66.
ments. ees. hours Under
under under 60.
54.
66.
under under
per
66.
57.
60.
63.
week.
1911.
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin.....................
12
11
19
16
24
32
22
39
31
81
60.0
63.3
60.0
62.2
60.0
Total...................
301
714
61.3
Alabama.......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida..........................
Georgia.........................
13
19
14
9
16
20
35
29
15
22
64.5
60.9
60.2
63.2
65.2
5
30
28
7
5
Louisiana.....................
Maine............................
Michigan.......................
Minnesota.....................
Mississippi....................
21
10
25
8
15
52 '
31
74
84
37
61.0
62.1
60.0
60.0
64.5
42
18
74
84
9
6
13
North Carolina.............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
17
4
14
7
27
34
7
24
16
34
63.1
59.9
62.8
61.9
60.3
13
5
12
9
25
6
13
2
5
1
7
4
4
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin.....................
12
11
19
16
24
32
22
39
31
75
60.0
63.3
60.0
62.3
60.0
1
2
11
2
10
Total...................
301
713
61.2
2
1
8
32
6
39
19
81
537
1
3
2
11
3
9
38
121
6
2
11
5
1
8
10
2
1912.
2
2
2
3
2
2
9
32
6
39
19
75
2
5
4
28
537
3
39
116
7
1
3
8
4
1
8
8
2
TRIMMER. OPERATORS: Male.
1910.
Alabama.........
Arkansas.........
California........
Florida............
Georgia............
17
22
14
14
13
64.5
61.1
60.4
63.4
64.3
3
18
13
6
4
Louisiana........
Michigan.........
Minnesota.......
Mississippi......
North Carolina
11
38
112
17
16
61.6
60.0
60.0
64.6
61.6
8
38
112
4
8
Oregon............
Pennsylvania..
South Carolina
Tennessee.......
Texas..............
7
25
11
25
27
59.9
64.0
61.6
59.5
60.0
Virginia...........
Washington...
West Virginia.
Wisconsin.......
12
26
15
81
63.2
60.0
63.1
60.0
T o ta l....
503
61.0
1
1
1
3
2
1
4
5
6
8
6
19
27
1
3
1
1
13
4
2
3
1
1
14
2
3
26
7
81
1
397
5
1
6
2
6
12
77
3
70
BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
V . —CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
T R IM M E R O P E R A T O R S : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em
full
Over
lish ploy time Under 54 and 57 and
63 and
60 and under
Over
under 60.
ments. ees. hours
66.
54. under
under
66.
57.
per
60.
66.
63.
week.
1011.
7
4
1
10
8
Alabama......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
12
19
14
9
15
14
26
23
14
15
64.7
60.9
60.3
64.3
64.8
3
22
22
4
4
2
Louisiana.....................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi....................
21
8
25
8
13
27
13
55
31
21
61.0
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.9
22
9
55
31
4
2
4
North Carolina..............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
17
4
14
7
27
19
8
22
13
27
62.9
59.9
63.3
61.8
60.1
8
7
9
7
22
3
7
5
1
8
3
2
Texas............................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West Virginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
11
18
16
24
24
12
26
18
71
60.0
63.3
60.0
62.9
60.0
Total...................
294
479
61.3
Alabama......................
Arkansas......................
California......................
Florida.........................
Georgia.........................
12
19
14
9
15
14
26
26
13
15
64. 7
60.7
60.2
64.2
64.1
Louisiana.....................
Maine...........................
Michigan......................
Minnesota....................
Mississippi....................
21
8
25
8
13
29
13
54
29
18
61.1
61.5
60.0
60.0
64.7
North Carolina............
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania...............
South Carolina.............
Tennessee.....................
17
4
14
7
27
20
8
18
11
27
63.1
59.9
63.1
61.5
59.9
Texas...........................
Virginia........................
Washington.................
West V irginia..............
Wisconsin....................
12
11
18
16
24
18
12
27
17
46
60.0
03.3
60. 0
62.7
60.0
Total...................
294
441
61.3
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
24
3
26
9
71
1
o
2
3
17
2
1
6
2
7
21
83
4
3
23
25
4
4
2
7
3
1
9
8
2
23
9
54
29
4
3
4
8
3
8
8
7
20
4
1
6
2
2
362
1
3
1913.
1
!
1
1
2
3
1
2
6
18
3
27
9
46
331
1
* 2
3
14
1
1
2
1
6
2
6
21
75
4
71
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
V i ___ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver- Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
full
em54
63
57
60
ploy- time Under and
and
Over
and
hours
and under
66.
60.
under
under
54.
66.
per
under
60.
57.
66.
week.
63.
CARRIAGEMEN, MALE.
Alabama:
13 establishments...
1910
1911
60
11
11
Arkansas:
17 establishments...
1910
1911
108
106
84
85
24
21
California:
9 establishments___
1910
1911
39
37
31
2
2
62.1
62.1
30
30
23
23
63.'
63.!
14
14
22
22
60. (
60. (
52
54
6
6
Florida:
9 establishments___
1910
1911
Georgia:
/
1910
14 establishments... \ 1911
Louisiana:
1910
10 establishments... 1911
Maine:
7 establishments___ 1910
1911
Michigan:
1910
22 establishments... 1911
Minnesota:
1910
8 establishments:
1911
Mississippi:
9 establishments___ 1910
1911
North Carolina:
1910
14 establishments... 1911
Oregon:
3 establishments___ 1910
1911
Pennsylvania:
1910
13 establishments... 1911
South Carolina:
5 establishments___ 1910
1911
Tennessee:
1910
24 establishments... 1911
Texas:
10 establishments.. 1910
1911
Virginia:
9 establishments___ 1910
1911
Washington:
14 establishments... 1910
1911
West Virginia:
13 establishments... 1910
1911
Wisconsin:
22 establishments... 1910
1911
38
2
2
18
18
121
121
121
121
108
121
108
121
64. <
64J
61.!
61.!
2
2
6
6
27
27
6
6
15
9
18
16
61.5
61.5
21
21
4
4
4
4
134
134
7
7
2
2
70
55
3
3
4
4
6
6
15
15
4
4
26
22
3
3
6
6
4
4
48
48
85
76
60.0
60.0
62.7
62.7
31
31
10
11
21
24
63.7
63.6
59.8
59.8
9
9
6
6
18
18
60.0
60.0
84
80
62.7
62.7
21
21
60.0
60.0
134
134
64.8
65.0
8
7
0.8
59
63
3
3
6
6
24
24
8
8
12
12
4
5
22
24
DOGGERS, MALE.
Alabama:
13 establishments...
1921
1912
Arkansas:
19 establishments...
1911
1912
73
10
10
5
5
72
T
able
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I ___ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Y ear
Over
em
full
54
57
63
* ploytime Under and
60
and
Over
and
hours
and under
under
under
54.
66.
per
under
57.
60.
week.
63.
con
cluded.
California:
1911
13 establishments... \ 1912
Florida:
/ 1911
9 establishments___ \ 1912
Georgia:
1911
13 establishments... \ 1912
Louisiana:
/ 1911
21 establishments... \ 1912
Maine:
/ 1911
4 establishments___ \ 1912
Michigan:
/ 1911
25 establishments... \ 1912
Minnesota:
/ 1911
4 establishments___ \ 1912
Mississippi:
/ 1911
15 establishments... \ 1912
North Carolina:
1911
15 establishments..
1912
Oregon:
1911
4 establishments__
1912
Pennsylvania:
1911
10 establishments..
1912
South Carolina:
1911
6 establishments__
19t2
Tennessee:
1911
26 establishments..
1912
Texas:
1911
12 establishments..
1912
Virginia:
1911
11 establishments..
1912
Washington:
1911
19 establishments..
1912
West Virginia:
1911
14 establishments..
1912
Wisconsin:
1911
20 establishments..
1912
doggers, m ale—
60.2
60.2
63.2
63.3
64.1
64.0
60.5
60.5
63.8
64.0
60.0
60.0
64.3
64.3
62.8
62.7
59. £
64.4
64.4
61.4
61.4
60.4
60.0
1910
1911
63.3
63.5
62.4
62.3
65
60.0
60.0
22
64.6
64.6
64.7
64.6
1910
1911
60.9
60.7
1911
1912
60.6
60.0
California:
9 establishments..
1910
1911
60.3
60.4
14 establishments.
1911
1912
Arkansas:
17 establishments.
19 establishments...
12
60.0
60.0
1911
1912
13 establishments...
31
60.0
60.0
EDGERMEN, MALE.
Alabama:
13 establishments..
73
26
60.2
60.2
65
73
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T a b le
V I . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
em
full
Over
54
57
63
ploy time Under and
60
and
Over
and
ees. hours
60.
and
66.
54.
under under
66.
per
under under
66.
60.
57.
week.
63.
EDGERMEN, MALE—
continued.
Florida:
/ 1910
9 establishments___ \ 1911
15
15
62.8
62.8
8
8
7
7
/ 1911
9 establishments___ \ 1912
15
15
63.6
63.6
6
6
9
9
Georgia:
1910
14 establishments... j\ 1911
15
15
64.1
64.1
5
5
9
9
1
1
j 1911
\ 1912
18
19
64.6
64.6
5
5
9
9
2
2
Louisiana:
/ 1910
10 establishments... \
1911
22
21
60.8
60.9
19
18
/ 1911
21 establishments... \ 1912
55
59
60.9
61.0
46
48
4
6
Maine:
/ 1910
7 establishments___ \ 1911
18
19
62.5
62.6
9
9
9
10
/ 1911
10 establishments... \ 1912
22
24
62.5
62.5
U
12
11
12
Michigan:
f 1910
22 establishments... \
1911
58
59
60.0
60.0
58
59
i 1911
25 establishments... \ 1912
70
69
60.0
60.0
70
69
Minnesota:
/ 1910
8 establishments___ |
1911
64
65
60.0
60.0
64
65
16 establishments...
2
3
3
3
5
5
/ 1911
7 establishments___ \ 1912
61
62
60.0
60.0
61
62
Mississippi:
1910
9 establishments___ {/ 1911
32
29
64.5
64.1
8
9
24
20
12
13
29
23
1911
15 establishments... /\ 1912
41
36
64.2
63.8
North Carolina:
14 establishments... / 1910
{ 1911
22
22
61.9
61.9
17 establishments... f 1911
\ 1912
26
28
Oregon:
3 establishments___ / 1910
\ 1911
1
1
2
2
10
10
63.0
63.2
2
2
10
10
7
5
59.9
59.8
2
2
5
3
4 establishments___ / 1911
\ 1912
7
7
59.9
59.9
2
2
5
5
Pennsylvania:
13 establishments... / 1910
\ 1911
25
22
63.8
63.7
/ 1911
14 establishments... \ 1912
19
20
\ 1911
1
1
2
2
6
6
4
5
10
11
9
8
2
2
14
12
63.3
63.1
8
9
4
4
7
7.
13
13
61.4
61.4
8
8
2
2
1
1
2
2
/ 1911
7 establishments___ \ 1912
15
16
61.6
61.5
9
10
2
2
1
1
3
3
Tennessee:
/ 1910
24 establishments...
\ 1911
26
26
59.8
59.8
2
2
2
2
20
20
27 establishments... / 1911
\ 1912
32
32
60.5
60.3
1
2
2
3
25
23
South Carolina:
5 establishments___ / 1910
2
2
4
4
TIN
OF
THE
BUREAU
OF LABOR STATISTICS.
5SIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF W<
PER
EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Contin
Aver Number of employees whose nominal fullhours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
em
full
54
•57
ploy- time Under and
and
hours
under
under
54.
per
57.
week.
rorking
Over
66.
60.
62.9
63
22
24
20
62. (
62. (
60.
180
165
171
177
62.2
62.3
62.3
62.2
128
114
119
126
52
51
52
51
1,101
1,094
64.2
64.2
247
242
51
51
1,190
1,403
64.5
64.8
225
198
51
112
954
949
60.6
60.6
861
852
1,936
2,142
60.4
60.6
1,802
1,945
277
257
311
379
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
277
257
311
379
871
741
60.1
60.1
855
723
1,206
1,311
60.1
60.1
1,188
1,289
211
162
159
160
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
211
162
159
160
687
684
62.1
62.1
447
444
799
1,013
63.2
63.3
373
451
75
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver- Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
emfull
54
57
63
ploy- time Under and
60
and
and
Over
hours
60.
and under
66.
under
under
54.
66.
per
under
60.
57.
66.
week.
63.
LABORERS, MALE—
continued.
Georgia:
14 establishments..
352
350
1910
1911
872
867
63.7
63.7
1911
1912
1,159
1,062
64.3
64.4
1910
1911
591
581
61.4
61.4
453
444
1911
1912
2,459
2,398
61.4
61.1
1,819
1,940
1907
1908
1909
1910
257
300
312
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
257
300
312
303
f 1910
1 1911
633
665
61.5
61.6
438
456
195
209
/ 1911
\ 1912
732
515
61.7
62.0
484
312
248
203
5 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
428
418
412
421
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
428
418
412
421
22 establishments...
1910
1911
1,953
1,976
60.0
60.0
1,953
1,976
25 establishments...
Minnesota:
8 establishments___
1911
1912
2,206
1,766
60.0
60.0
2,206
1,766
1910
1911
1,210
1,235
60.0
60.0
1,209
1,235
1911
1912
1,213
1,269
60.0
60.0
1,213
1,269
1910
1911
1,026
877
64.6
64.4
239
233
787
644
1911
1912
1,886
1,624
64.5
64.5
466
412
1,420
1,212
4 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
359
298
303
327
62.9
68.9
63.9
63.4
12
12
12
15
14 establishments...
1910
1911
964
62.1
62.3
15
14
17 establishments...
Oregon:
1911
1912
1,345
1,321
2 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
3 establishments..
4 establishments..
16 establishments..
Louisiana:
10 establishments. 21 establishments..
Maine:
2 establishments___
7 establishments..
10 establishments.
Michigan:
7 establishments___
Mississippi:
10 establishments...
15 establishments...
North Carolina:
♦
398
350
131
114
421
411
63.0
62.7
95
101
517
562
310
385
318
502
59.8
59.8
59.7
59.8
121
185
171
228
189
200
147
274
1910
1911
613
332
59.8
228
144
385
188
1911
1912
458
59.8
157
124
301
359
61
63
481
447
149
151
138
137
313
230
327
228
1
138
57
57
88
98
90
459
454
50
64
137
155
157
144
72
74
77
80
144
119
236
290
301
290
432
368
76
T able
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
full
Over
em
54
57
63
ploy time Under and
60
and
and
Over
and under
ees. hours 54.
60.
66.
under
under
66.
under
per
60.
57.
66.
week.
63.
LABORERS, MALE—
concluded.
Pennsylvania:
1907
1908
1909
1910
137
146
165
165
63.0
62.7
62.8
62
72
90
87
/ 1910
13 establishments... \ 1911
772
676
63.1
63.2
359
299
72
76
341
301
1911
1912
518
654
63.4
63.1
204
296
145
144
169
214
2 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
84
84
62.1
62.1
62.1
62.2
5 establishments___
1910
1911
618
608
61.3
61.3
1911
1912
721
871
5 establishments___
14 establishments...
South Carolina:
7 establishments___
Tennessee:
75
74
75
78
50
51
52
53
34
33
36
43
426
410
53
50
43
55
96
93
61.5
61.1
453
623
76
85
55
56
137
107
89
86
89
65
2 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
65
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
23 establishments...
1910
1911
716
733
59.8
59.8
32
32
94
100
549
559
1911
1912
1,006
919
60.4
60.6
11
25
52
55
849
712
1910
1911
727
723
60.0
60.0
727
723
1911
12 establishments..
1912
Virginia:
9 establishments... /\ 1910
1911
1,359
1,380
60.0
60.0
1,359
1,380
814
785
63.2
63.2
136
116
146
152
38
47
48
48
446
422
1911
1912
788
63.0
63.4
84
75
239
195
69
60
48
46
386
412
1907
1908
1909
1910
971
569
777
1,158
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
971
569
777
1,158
1910
1911
1911
1912
2,132
1,628
2,137
1,982
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
2,132
1,628
1910
1911
532
526
62.8
62.9
268
263
82
77
182
186
1911
1912
790
767
62.2
62.4
496
457
59
54
235
256
1907
1908
1909
1910
724
725
743
774
2,541
2,588
2.838
1.838
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
724
725
743
774
2,541
2,588
2,838
* 1,838
27 establishments..
Texas:
10 establishments..
11 establishments..
Washington:
3 establishments...
14 establishments..
18 establishments..
W est Virginia:
13 establishments..
16 establishments..
Wisconsin:
7 establishments___
22 establishments.
24 establishments.
(
1910
1911
/ 1911
\ 1912
41
42
94
127
2,137
1,982
77
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— LUMBER.
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
full
em
54
57
63
60
ploy- time Under and
and
Over
and
hours 54.
60.
63.
and under
under
under
66.
per
under
60.
57.
66.
week.
63.
PLANER FEEDERS,
MALE.
Alabama:
7 establishments—
1911
1912
Arkansas:
18 establishments..
1911
1912
California:
10 establishments...
1911
1912
Florida:
4 establishments___
64.7
64.7
5
5
199
203
60.5
60.4
184
188
43
60.0
60.0
38
43
1911
1912
62.6
62.4
13
15
Georgia:
8 establishments—
1911
1912
63.0
63.0
13
13
5
5
9
9
Louisiana:
20 establishments...
1911
1912
61.4
60.9
134
139
14
14
31
13
Maine:
4 establishments...
1911
1912
63.8
63.9
2
2
6
7
Michigan:
4 establishments—
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
48
56
Minnesota:
4 establishments___
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
46
49
Mississippi:
14 establishments...
1911
1912
64.2
64.2
12
15
24
North Carolina:
8 establishments___
1911
1912
63.3
63.3
1
1
17
17
Oregon:
4 establishments___
1911
1912
59.9
59.9
7
7
32
35
Pennsylvania:
8 establishments—
1911
1912
63.3
03.3
4
4
South Carolina:
3 establishments—
1911
1912
63.1
62.9
2
2
Tennessee:
6 establishments___
1911
1912
62.6
62.5
8
10
Texas:
12 establishments;..
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
106
103
Virginia:
4 establishments—
1911
1912
61.8
61.1
13
13
Washington:
16 establishments...
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
93
100
West Virginia:
11 establishments...
1911
1912
62.7
62.6
16
17
Wisconsin:
13 establishments...
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
82
83
1910
1911
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.1
179
166
106
103
100
15
17
23
24
15
15
10
10
68
57
12
13
14
14
3
3
3
3
5
5
5
4
6
7
5
2
2
3
2
2
12
12
2
2
5
5
5
5
2
2
2
2
5
4
SAWYERS,BAND,M ALE.
Alabama:
7 establishments___
7 establishments-.. /\ 1911
1912
9
8
78
T able
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
em
full
63
54
57
60
ploy time Under and
Over
and
and
and under
66.
60.
ees. hours 54.
under
under
66.
under
per
66.
60.
57.
63.
week.
SAW YERS, BAND,
m a l e — continued.
Arkansas:
14 establishments- -
1910
1911
22
22
6
6
16 establishments...
1911
1912
27
27
6
5
15
14
1
1
California:
9 establishments..
1910
1911
60.4
11 establishments..
1911
1912
25
26
Florida:
5 establishments...
f 1910
5
5
4
4
/ 1911
4 establishments___ \ 1912
Georgia:
1910
4 establishments.. /\ 1911
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
5 establishments—
/ 1911
\ 1912
3
3
Louisiana:
8 establishments..
/ 1910
\ 1911
i 1911
2
2
11
11
60.1
60.!
2
2
/ 1911
17 establishments... \ 1912
Maine:
6 establishments.. /\ 1910
1911
30
31
3
3
9
9
8
9
8 establishments___ /\ 1911
1912
Michigan:
19 establishments.. \f 1910
1911
11
11
9
7
45
45
1911
1912
52
55
1910
1911
38
48
/ 1911
7 establishments___ I 1912
Mississippi:
7 establishments.. /\ 1910
1911
43
40
23 establishments...
Minnesota:
8 establishments..
64.1
64.'
1911
9 establishments__ \f 1912
North Carolina:
1910
11 establishments.
1911
14 establishments...
Oregon:
2 establishments..
3 establishments___
Pennsylvania:
13 establishments.
13 establishments..
1
1
1911
1912
2
2
2
2
4
4
17
15
6
6
19
13
2
2
8
8
2
2
8
8
1910
1911
59.!
59. i
1
1
3
2
1911
1912
59.!
59.!
1
1
4
1
1
2
2
6
6
5
5
10
10
4
1910
1911
9
8
2
2
13
12
1911
1912
7
7 •
4
4
7
7
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T able
79
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
SAWYERS,
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
em
full
54
57
63
ploy time Under and
60
Over
and
and
ees. hours
and under
under
under
54.
66.
per
under
G
O
.
66.
57.
week.
63.
BAND,
m a l e —concluded.
South Carolina:
4 establishments...
1910
1911
61.4
61.4
6 establishments__
1911
1912
61.6
61.6
Tennessee:
23 establishments..
1910
1911
27 establishments...
Texas:
9 establishments...
10 establishments...
Virginia:
8 establishments—
1911
1912
60.5
60.3
1910
1911
60.0
60.0
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
1910
1911
63.0
63.0
10 establishments...
1911
1912
63.6
63.6
Washington:
12 establishments...
1910
1911
60.0
60.0
14 establishments...
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
West Virginia:
12 establishments...
1910
1911
59.5
59.5
15 establishments..
1911
1912
Wisconsin:
22 establishments..
1910
1911
60.0
60.0
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
24 establishments...
SAW YERS, CIRCULAR,
MALE.
Alabama:
6 establishments__
7 establishments___
Arkansas:
4 establishments..
2 establishments___
1910
1911
1911
1912
1910
1911
1911
1912
California:
3 establishments..
1911
1912
Florida:
4 establishments..
1910
1911
62.6
62. €
5 establishments___
1911
1912
63. $
63.4
Georgia:
10 establishments...
1910
1911
11 establishments...
1911
1912
65.8
66. C
57
80
T
able
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I ___ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
em
full
54
57
63
60
ploy* time Under and
Over
and
and
and under
hours
60.
under
under
54.
under
per
60.
57.
63.
week.
SAWYERS j CIRCULAR,
m a l e — co n c lu d e d .
Louisiana:
4 establishments...
1910
1911
1911
1912
6 establishments___
Maine:
2 establishments..
1911
1912
Michigan:
7 establishments..
1910
1911
6 establishments..
1911
1912
Mississippi:
3 establishments..
1910
1911
1911
1912
7 establishments___
North Carolina:
3 establishments.
1910
1911
1911
1912
3 establishments___
Oregon:
2 establishments..
2 establishments___
1910
1911
59.!
59.!
1911
1912
59.!
59.!
Pennsylvania:
2 establishments.,
1911
1912
Texas:
3 establishments..
1910
1911
1911
1912
4 establishments___
Washington:
4 establishments..
1910
1911
1911
1912
7 establishments___
Wisconsin:
2 establishments..
64.1
64.!
60.
1910
\ 1911
J
1911
1912
60.
1910
1911
65.1
65.1
1911
1912
65.8
65.6
Arkansas:
7 establishments..
/ 1910
\ 1911
60.0
60.0
8 establishments..
1911
. 1912
60.0
60.0
2 establishments___
SAWYERS, GANG,
MALE.
Alabama:
6 establishments..
6 establishments___
81
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
full
em
54
57
63
60
ploy time Under and
and
and
Over
ees. hours 54.
60.
and under
66.
under under
66.
per
under
60.
66.
57.
week.
63.
SAWYERS. GANG,
m ale—
concluded.
California:
3 establishments—
r 1910
L 1911
3
3
60.0
60.0
3
3
2 establishments...
r 1911
L1912
2
2
60.0
eo.o
2
2
Florida:
4 establishments...
r 1911
L 1912
4
4
66.0
66.0
Georgia:
4 establishments...
: 1910
t 1911
4
4
64.5
64.5
1
1
3
3
4 establishments...
r 1911
L1912
4
4
64.5
64.5
1
1
3
3
Louisiana:
1911
9 establishments___ k 1912
Minnesota:
r 1910
6 establishments___ k1911
9
9
60.6
60.6
8
8
10
8
60.0
eo.o
10
8
r 1911
k1912
7
7
60.0
eo.o
7
7
Mississippi:
4 establishments___ 'k1910
1911
4
4
63.0
63.0
2
2
2
2
1911
. 1912
5
5
62.4
62.5
2
2
3
3
4 establishments—
5 establishments...
4
4
Oregon:
2 establishments___ . 1911
1912
Texas:
1910
2 establishments___ 1911
2
2
60.0
60.0
2
2
3
2
60.0
60.0
3
2
1911
1912
3
3
60.0
60.0
3
3
Virginia:
1911
2 establishments___ , 1912
Washington:
1910
3 establishments___ 1911
2
2
66.0
66.0
3
4
60.0
60.0
3
4
1911
3 establishments___ . 1912
3
3
60.0
eo.o
3
3
3 establishments___
1
1
2
2
Wisconsin:
8 establishments___
1910
1911
12
10
60.0
60.0
12
10
9 establishments___
1911
1912
11
12
60.0
60.0
11
12
Arkansas:
2 establishments___
1911
1912
3
3
62.0
62.0
2
2
California:
7 establishments___
1911
1912
14
13
60.0
eo.o
14
13
Florida:
2 establishments___
1911
1912
2
2
60.0
60.0
2
2
SAWYERS, RESAW,
MALE.
93372°—Bull. 1 2 9 -1 3 -
1
1
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
82
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
SAW YEE,
m ale—
Year,
Aver- Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
nomi
Num
ber of nal
Over
emfull
54
57
63
60
ploy- time Under and
and
and
Over
and under
hours
60.
66.
under under
54.
66.
under
per
60.
57.
66.
63.
week.
EESAW ,
concluded.
Georgia:
2 establishments...
1911
1912
62.8
1
1
1911
1912
63.0
63.0
1
1
1911
1912
61.3
61.3
3
3
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
11
10
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
11
13
t
\
1911
1912
66.0
66.0
f
\
1911
1912
62.6
62.5
Oregon:
4 establishments___ /\ 1911
1912
59.9
59.9
Pennsylvania:
4 establishments___ /\ 1911
1912
63.4
63.4
3
3
South Carolina:
4 establishments___ /\ 1911
1912
Tennessee:
/
5 establishments___ \ 1911
1912
61.2
61.2
4
4
60.0
60.0
6
6
Virginia::
3 establishments___ /\ 1911
1912
Washington:
/
1911
16 establishments... \ 1912
60.5
60.5
Louisiana:
2 establishments...
Maine:
4 establishments...
Michigan:
7 establishments...
Minnesota:
5 establishments...
Mississippi:
2 establishments___
North Carolina:
8 establishments___
West Virginia:
4 establishments___ / 1911
\ 1912
Wisconsin:
/ 1911
16 establishments...
\ 1912
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
5
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
2
2
5
6
1
1
1
1
60.0
60.0
24
23
63.0
63.0
2
2
60.0
60.0
32
30
1
1
1
1
2
2
SETTEES, MALE.
Alabama:
/ 1911
13 establishments... \ 1912
Arkansas:
/ 1911
19 establishments... \ 1912
64.7
64.5
.......1
60.9
60.9
.......... !
.......... I
30
30
5
5
California:
/ 1911
14 establishments...
X 1912
i
Florida:
1911
9 establishments___ !/
|\ 1912
60.2
60.2
!
______
,7
28
1
1
y
9
8
Georgia:
/ 1911
16 establishments... \ 1912
Louisiana:
/ 1911
21 establishments... \ 1912
65.1
65.2
61.0
61.0
43
42
6
6
Maine:
/ 1911
10 establishments... \ 1912
Michigan:
/ 1911
25 establishments... \ 1912
61.8
62.1
20
18
11
13
60.0
60.0
70
74
63.4
63.2
i
4
5
5
5
2
2
2
2 *
11
11
10
10
4
4
<
1
83
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
SETTERS,
m ale—
cluded.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
em
full
54
57
63
60
ploy time Under and
and
and
and under
60.
66. j Over
ees. hours
54.
under under
60.
under
per
57.
60.
66.
week.
63.
i
!
j
con
Minnesota:
1911
8 establishments___ J
\ 1912
Mississippi:
15 establishments... /\ 1911
1912
North Carolina:
/
1911
17 establishments... \ 1912
Oregon:
f 1911
4 establishments— \
1912
Pennsylvania:
/
1911
14 establishments... \ 1912
South Carolina:
7 establishments___ /\ 1911
1912
Tennessee:
/
1911
27 establishments... \ 1912
Texas:
1911
12 establishments. .... J
\ 1912
Virginia:
1911
11 establishments—. /\ 1912
Washington:
19 establishments... / 1911
t 1912
West Virginia:
/
10 establishments... \ 1911
1912
Wisconsin:
1911
24 establishments... \( 1912
84
60.0
60.0
81
84
42
37
64.7
64.5
9
9
33
34
63.2
63.1
2
2
12
13
7
7
59.9
59.9
2
2
5
5
24
24
62.8
62.8
12
12
15
16
62.0
61.9
8
9
34
34
60.5
60.3
32
32
60.0
60.0
22
22
63.3
63.3
39
39
60.0
60.0
39
39
31
31
62.2
62.3
19
19
81
75
60.0
60.0
81
75
Alabama:
12 establishments... /\ 1910
1911
17
17
64.5
64.5
3
3
1911
12 establishments... /1 1912
Arkansas:
1910
17 establishments... /\ 1911
14
14
64.7
64.7
3
3
22
22
61.1
61.1
18
18
4
4
19 establishments... \( 1911
1912
California:
1910
9 establishments— /\ 1911
26
26
60.9
60.7
22
23
4
3
14
13
60.4
60.5
13
12
1
1
14 establishments... /
\
Florida:
9 establishments___ /\
1911
1912
23
26
60.3
60.2
22
25
1
1
1910
1911
14
14
63.4
63.4
6
6
8
8
(1911
9 establishments___ \1912
Georgia:
13 establishments... /\ 1910
1911
14
13
64.3
64.2
4
4
10
9
13
13
64.3
64.3
4
4
8
8
1
1
1911
15 establishments... /\ 1912
15
15
64.8
64.1
4
4
8
8
2
2
81
1
2
2
3
33
28
2
2
6
6
13
5
5
7
7
1
1
4
4
4
4
27
25
32
32
2
2
6
6
1
1
2
2
11
11
3
2
10
3
3
8
8
2
2
2
2
7
7
2
2
TRIMMER OPERATORS,
MALE.
1
3
1
1
84
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOtfc STATISTICS.
CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
T able V I . —
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over
em
full
54
57
63
ploy time Under and
60
and
and
Over
and
ees. hours
60.
66.
54. under under
66.
under under
per
57.
60.
66.
week.
63.
TRIMMER OPERATORS,
m a l e — co n tin u e d .
Louisiana:
10 establishments.
61.6
61.6
8
8
1911
1912
61.0
61.1
22
23
2
3
1911
1912
61.5
61.5
9
9
4
4
60.0
60.0
38
38
60.0
60.0
55
54
60.0
60.0
112
107
/ 1910
\ 1911
/
21 establishments... \
Maine:
8 establishments... \
Michigan:
14 establishments..
1910
1911
38
3
3
3
3
25 establishments..
1911
1912
Minnesota:
8 establishments...
1910
1911
8 establishments...
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
31
29
Mississippi:
9 establishments...
1910
1911
64.6
64.4
4
4
13
11
1911
1912
64.9
64.7
4
4
17
14
North Carolina:
14 establishments..
1910
1911
61.6
61.6
17 establishments..
1911
1912
13 establishments...
112
107
1
1
8
8
1
1
4
4
62.9
63.1
1
1
8
8
3
3
7
8
Oregon:
I 1910
19
3 establishments...
1911
I 19
59.9
59.9
1
1
6
5
4 establishments...
1911
1912
59.9
59.9
1
1
7
7
Pennsylvania:
13 establishments..
1910
1911
64.0
64.0
8
7
3
3
14
12
1911
1912
63.3
63.1
9
8
5
4
8
6
South Carolina:
5 establishments...
1910
1911
61.6
61.6
6
6
2
2
1
1
2
2
7 establishments...
1911
1912
61.8
61.5
7
7
2
1
1
1
3
2
Tennessee:
24 establishments..
1910
1911
59.5
3
3
2
2
19
19
1911
1912
60.1
59.9
1
2
2
3
22
20
Texas:
10 establishments.
1910
1911
60.0
60.0
27
23
12 establishments.
1911
1912
60.0
60.0
24
18
Virginia:
9 establishments..
1910
1911
63.2
63.2
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
6
6
11 establishments.
1911
1912
63.3
63.3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
6
6
14 establishments...
27 establishments...
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
85
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- LUMBER.
T able V I . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
em
Ovor
full
54
63
57
ploy time Under and
60
and
and
Over
ees. hours
and under
C
O
.
66.
under
54.
under
66.
per
under
60.
57.
66.
week.
63.
TRIMMER OPERATORS,
male—eoncld.
Washington:
14 establishments... /\ 1910
1911
26
24
60.0
60.0
26
24
/ 1911
18 establishments... \ 1912
West Virginia:
13 establishments... \f 1910
1911
26
27
60.0
60.0
26
27
15
15
63.1
63.1
7
7
2
2
6
6
1911
16 establishments... /\ 1912
Wisconsin:
/ 1910
22 establishments... \
1911
18
17
62.9
62.7
0
9
2
2
7
6
81
81
60.0
60.0
81
81
24 establishments... /\ 1911
1912
71
46
60.0
60.0
71
46
M IL L W O R K
(S A S H , D O O R S , B L IN D S ,
F IX T U R E S , A N D T R IM ).
FRAM ES,
GENERAL SUMMARY.
This study of wages and hours of labor in millwork (the manufac
ture of sash, doors, blinds, frames, fixtures, and trim) shows rates of
wages per hour and nominal full-time hours per week for the years
1907 to 1912, inclusive, and in addition it summarizes data published
in previous reports1 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, and thus fur
nishes a comparison for the 23-year period 1890 to 1912, inclusive.
This present report and also previous reports show wages and hours
of labor for each of the most important occupations in the millwork
or planing-mill products industry, but do not show data for all
occupations in the industry. The occupations for which data are
shown in this report are bench hands, laborers, and machine hands,
and these three occupations include more than five-eighths of the
total employees.
Comparing 1912 with certain other years the changes in nominal
full-time hours per week, as shown by combining the principal occu
pations, were as follows:
1912 compared with 1890.............................................. 5.0 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1895.............................................. 3.5 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1900.............................................. 2.7 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1905.............................................. 1.9 per cent decline.
1912 compared with 1910.................................... ...............7 per cent decline.
The changes in nominal full-time hours per week for each of the
three principal occupations of the industry during the period from
1907 to 1912, inclusive, are shown in the table which follows:
PE R CENT OF DECREASE IN NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K : 1912 COMPARED
W ITH EACH OF THE 5 YEARS PRECEDING.
Per cent lower in 1912 than i n Occupation.
1907
Bench hands.................................................................. *...............
Laborers..........................................................................................
Machine hands...............................................................................
Total
...............................................................................
1908
1909
1
1910 1 1911
0.4
.6
.3
0.4
,1
.6
0.6
(2)
.8
0.3
.3
1.1
0.5
.3
.8
.5
.5
.5
.7
.6
1 Previous reports of wages and hours of labor in the millwork (sash, doors, blinds, frames, fixtures, and
trim) industry have been published by the Bureau, as follows: Nineteenth Annual Report, covering 1890
to 1903; Bulletin No. 59 (July, 1005), covering 1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. «5 (July, 1900), covering 1904 and
1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July *1907), covering 1905 and 1900; and Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906
and 1907.
2 Increase 0.2 per cent.
86
87
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- MILLWOBK.
Comparing 1912 with certain other j'ears, the changes in rates of
wages per hour, as shown by combining the principal occupations,
wrere as follows:
1912 compared with
1912 compared with
1912 compared with
1912 compared with
1912 compared with
1890..........................................
1895..........................................
1900..........................................
1905..........................................
1910..........................................
33.4 per cent
34.9 per cent
24.9 per cent
13.4 per cent
3.5 per cent
advance.
advance.
advance.
advance.
advance.
The changes in rates of wages per hour for each of the three prin
cipal occupations of the industry during the period from 1907 to
1912, inclusive, are shown in the table which follows:
PER CENT OF INCREASE IN RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR:
EACII OF THE 5 YEARS PRECEDING.
1912 COMPARED W ITH
Per cent higher in 1912 than i n Occupation.
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
Bench hands...................................................................................
L a b o r e r s .....
.......................................................................
Machine hands................................................................................
4.0
7.7
6.7
5.1
8.0
8.1
5.1
5.4
7.2
1.6
3.8
4.8
1.1
3.4
3.0
Total......................................................................................
6.3
7.2
5.9
3.5
2.6
During the last six years nominal full-time hours of labor per week
have declined more and rates of wages per hour have increased more
for laborers than for either of the other two occupations for which
data are shown.
The next table shows for the industry the course of nominal full
time hours per week and rates of wages per hour during the 23-year
period from 1890 to 1912. The occupations combined during 1890
to 1907 were carpenters, framers, glaziers, laborers, machine wood
workers, and sawyers. Those combined during 1907 to 1912 were
bench hands, laborers, and machine hands. While the nomenclature
of the occupations has changed materially, yet no type of employees
included during the earlier period has been dropped, with the excep
tion of glaziers. Data for glaziers are not now secured, for the
reason that a large part of the glazing is done by contract and in
many instances outside the woodworking shops.
In combining the relatives for the principal occupations to deter
mine the relative for the industry, shown in the table which follows,
the relatives for each occupation were weighted according to the
number of employees reported each year. This weighting causes the
figures for 1890 to 1907 to differ slightly from those shown for the
industry in Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), where the relative for the
industry w a s a simple average of occupation relatives. Under these
two methods, the difference in relative hours does not exceed 0.5 per
cent in 14 of the 18 years, and the difference in relative wages does
88
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
not exceed 1 per cent in 16 of the 18 years. The base used in com
puting the relatives in this table is the average for the 10-year period
1890 to 1899.
R E LA TIV E NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND R E LA T IV E RATES OP
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE M ILLW ORK INDUSTRY, 1890 TO 1912.
{Data are included from 94 establishments, 1890-1903; 112 establishments, 1903, 1904; 113 establishments,
1904, 1905; 116 establishments, 1905, 1908; 120 establishments, 1908, 1907; 62 establishments, 1907-1910:
232 establishments, 1910,1911; and 269 establishments, 1911,1912.}
Relative
nominal
full-time
hours
per week.
Relative
rate of
wages
per hour.
Average 1890-1899...........................
100.0
100.0
1890......................................................
1891......................................................
1892......................................................
1893......................................................
1894......................................................
101.3
100.6
100.7
100.1
100.3
99.2
100.4
100.1
100.0
97.0
1895......................................................
1898......................................................
1897......................................................
1898......................................................
1899......................................................
99.7
99.0
99.6
99.4
99.2
98.1
99.3
100.0
101. 7
104.1
1900 ....................................................
1901......................................................
1902......................................................
1903......................................................
1904......................................................
98.9
98.7
97.7
97.2
97.9
105.9
108.6
112.5
116.5
115.7
1905......................................................
1906......................................................
1907......................................................
1908......................................................
1909......................................................
98.1
96.9
96.7
96.7
96.7
116.7
120.6
124.5
123.4
124.9
1910......................................................
1911......................................................
1912......................................................
96.9
96.8
96.2
127.8
129.0
132.3
Year.
The table which follows shows, for each of the principal occupa
tions in the industry, relative nominal full-time hours per week and
relative rates of wages per hour during the 23-vear period, 1890 to
1912. As already indicated, certain changes have been made in
nomenclature of occupations, thus, beginning with 1907, carpenters
and framers are combined as bench hands, and machine woodworkers
and sawyers are combined as machine hands. The base used in
computing the relatives for each occupation is the average for the
10-year period, 1890 to 1899.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
89
R E LA T IV E NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K AND R E LA T IV E RATES OF
W AGES PE R HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE M ILLW ORK
IN DU STRY, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 94 establishments, 1890-1903; 112 establishments, 1903, 1904; 113 establishments,
1904, 1905; 116 establishments, 1905, 1906: 120 establishments, 1906, 1907; 62 establishments, 1907-1910;
232 establishments, 1910,1911; and 269 establishments, 1911,1912.}
Carpenters,i male.
Year.
Framers,1 male.
Relative Relative Relative Relative
nominal
rate of
of nominal
full-time rate
wages
wages full-time
hours
hours
per
hour,
per
hour.
per week.
per week.
Bench hands,2 male.
Glaziers, male.
Relative Relative Relative
nominal
nominal Relative
of full-time
rate of
full-time rate
wages
hours
hours
per
hour,
per
hour.
per week.
per week.
Average 1890-1899..
100. C
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1890.
1891.
1892.,
1893.,
1894.,
101.9
101.3
98.7
100.0
99.2
100.2
100.2
100.5
100.0
100.0
99.8
100.5
100.3
101.5
103.0
102.3
98.1
100.5
100.5
100.5
100.5
99.5
95.7
99.0
100.5
104.7
102.8
98.0
99.8
100.8
100.2
97.0
95.9
97.6
100.2
104.0
99.6
99.6
99.6
99.6
100.0
97.7
96.8
100.7
99.8
102.4
98.3
98.3
98.6
99.1
98.4
106.7
105.7
103.1
107.0
111.0
98.1
95.7
96.3*
(<)
113.2
121.6
129.4
(4)
101.1
100.1
1895.,
96.7
1897.
1898.
98.0
99.1
99.4
99.0
101.1
102.3
102.8
100.0
1900..
1901..
1902..
1903..
1904.
98.4
98.2
97.0
96.5
96.3
106.7
108.0
113.6
119.3
122.4
99.2
98.6
97.9
97.9
98.0
105.2
108.6
111.3
114.2
113.7
1905..
1906..
1907..
1908..
1909..
96.3
96.0
95.6
123.4
126.6
131.6
98.2
97.9
97.7
116.2
117.9
119.5
1910..
1911..
1912..
100.2
100.0
100.0
3 95.9
95.9
96.1
3 130.0
128.6
128.6
95.8
96.0
95.5
133.1
133.7
135.2
1 Employees reported as carpenters and framers for 1890 to 1907 are reported as bench hands for subse
quent years.
2 This occupation includes employees reported as carpenters and framers for 1890 to 1907.
8 Average of relatives of carpenters and framers, computed by weighting the relative for each of those
occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907.
90
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
R E LA T IV E NOMINAL FULL-TIM E HOURS P E R W E E K AND R E L A T IV E RA TE S OF
WAGES PER HOUR IN THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE MILL W O R K
IN DU STRY, 1890 TO 1912—Concluded.
Laborers, male.
Year.
Machine wood
workers,1 male.
Relative Relative Relative Relative
nominal
of nominal rate of
full-time rate
wages full-time
wages
hours
hours
per week. per hour. per week. per hour,
Sawyers,1 male.
Relative Relative Relative
nominal
nominal Relative
of full-time
rate of
full-time rate
wages
wages
hoTirs
hours
per week. per hour. per week. per hour.
Average 1890-1899
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
189
189
189
189
189
..........
100.1
100.1
100.1
99.9
100.0
102.4
105.3
101.5
98.3
94.1
101.2
100.6
100.6
100.1
100.4
98.4
99.2
99.7
99.6
97.4
101.6
100.4
100.4
100.2
101.2
99.5
100.5
100.7
100.4
97.5
189 5
1895........................
189 7
189 8
189 9
100.0
99.8
99.9
100.0
100.2
95.9
96.5
96.0
101.5
108.5
99.6
99.4
99.7
99.2
99.0
98.8
99.7
101 0
102.0
104.0
98.8
99.4
99.6
99.3
99.0
99.1
98.9
99.7
100.6
103.1
190
190
190
190
190
99.9
100.0
100.0
99.9
100.4
102.8
110.8
110.8
113.3
110.4
98.9
98.7
97.3
96.7
96.7
106.6
108.7
113.0
116.3
115.7
99.8
99.4
98.2
97.9
97.2
104.0
107.3
111.4
113.1
115.0
100.0
97.9
98.0
97.5
97.2
112.7
117.7
121.4
121.0
124.0
96.7
95.6
95.2
117.4
121.2
125.1
97.1
96.2
96.2
116.6
120.1
122.4
97.7
97.7
97.4
125.9
126.4
130. 7
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
190 5
1905........................
190 7
190 8
1903........................
191 0
191 1
191 2
Machine hands,2
male.
100.0
3 95.5
95.8
96.0
3 124.4
122.8
123.8
96.3
96.0
95.2
126.6
128.8
132.7
1 Employees reported as machine woodworkers and sawyers for 1890 to 1907 are reported as machine
hands for subsequent years.
2 This occupation includes employees reported as machine woodworkers and sawyers for 1S90 to 1907.
3 Average of relatives of machine woodworkers and sawyers, computed by weighting the relative for
each of those occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907.
The most significant facts concerning nominal full-time working
hours per week and rates of wages per hour in each of the principal
occupations of the industry are shown for 1907 to 1912 in the table
which follows.
Owing to the difficulty in finding records for past years, and also
owing to the great amount of work involved, data for 1907 to 1909
were secured from only a limited number of establishments.
In order, however, to permit of a true comparison of data from year
to year, information was secured from identical establishments for
1907 to 1910, and when the wrork was enlarged in 1911 data were
secured for both 1910 and 1911 from the additional establishments
and then when the work was again enlarged in 1912 data w^ere
secured for both 1911 and 1912 from the additional establishments.
The data are for the pay-roll period ending nearest May 15 each
year, or if paid only once a month, for the May pay roll, except for a
very few establishments where conditions in May were particularly
abnormal.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
91
AV E RAG E AND CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME W ORKIN G HOURS FEE W E E K
AND A V E RAG E AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH OF THE
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE M ILLW ORK IN DU STRY, 1907 TO 1912.
fUnder each occupation tlie establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
Aver
age
nom
Num inal
ber of fuHOccupation, sex,
and number of Year. em time
establishments.
ploy work
ees.
ing
hours
per
week.
Laborers, male:
Per cent of employees whose
nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
48
and
un
der.
Over
48
and
un
der
54.
54.
Over
54
and
un
der
60.
60.
Aver
age
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Per cent of employees
earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
14
Un and
der un
14
der
cents. 16
cents.
16
and
18
un cents
der and
18 over.
cents.
fl907
60 establish 1908
ments.
‘ 1909
(1910
1,578
1,300
1,451
1,522
58.5
58.2
58.0
58-3
3.6
5.2
5.5
4.2
3.9
3.5
3.3
4.8
7.5
9.4
10.1
9.2
14.4
15.8
16.1
15.7
70.6 $0.1555
66.1
.1550
64.9
. 1589
66.1
.1613
29.2
33.7
31.4
29.1
26.4
24.1
20.4
17.0
31.4
26.3
29.4
32.3
13.1
16.0
1-8.8
21.6
224 establish /1910
ments.
\1911
4,885
4,764
57.6
57.6
4.4
5.0
6.1
4.7
12.6
12.4
21.4
21.4
55.5
56.4
. 1705
.1712
16.4
16.0
20.2
19.6
32.8
33.0
30.5
31.3
253 establish >1911
ments.
tl912
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
4.5
4.4
3.8
6.8
14.4
17.1
20.8 156.5
17.2 , 54.5
.1722
.1781
14.1
10.1
20.2
17.0
33.5
36.3
32.1
36.6
30
20
40
Un and and
der
un un cents
20
der and
der
40 over.
cents. 30
cents. cents.
Bench h a n d s ,
male:
fl907
62 establish J1908
ments*
11909
(1910
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6
55.6
55.7
55.5
13.3
13.9
12.6
11.9
7.2
6.2
7.2
10.6
26.3
28.1
28.6
25.7
12.7
10.1
10.0
10.6
40.5 $0.2976
.2945
41.6
41.6
.2944
41.2
.3047
9.0
9.4
8.5
7.6
49.4
48.9
50.6
44.3
27.3
27.7
27.5
33.9
14.2
14.0
13.6
14.3
226 establish /1910
ments.
\I911
3,695
3,553
55.1
55.2
12.4
13.8
10.1
8.6
28.6
28.0
21.1
20.7
27.8
28.9
.3072
.3085
5.5
5.3
44.0
42.1
39.0
41.1
11.5
11.4
267 establish /1911
ments.
\19I2
Machine hands,
male:
fl907
62 establish 1908
ments.
1909
1910
4,131
4,148
55.1
54.8
13.6
14.8
10.7
16.2
29.4
23.5
18.3 227.9
17.2 28.3
.3096
.3131
5.8
6.7
40.1
38.0
42.9
43.6
11.3
11.5
1,508
1,372
1,488
1,580
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
11.6
10.8
10.3
9.7
2.5
2.4
2.5
2.5
19.7
19.9
18.5
18.6
11.4
9.9
10.5
9.7
54.8
57.0
58.3
59.6
.2527
.2494
.2514
50.4
48.4
49.8
49.3
14.8
13.9
14.8
17.7
7.7
7.7
7.4
7.9
232 establish /19I0
ments.
\1911
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
6.4
9.5
6.8
6.2
18.3
15.8
18.6
19.1
49.9
49.4
.2570
.2551
.2596
27.1
30.0
27.9
25.3
27.5
24.7
4i4.5
44.8
22.1
23.7
5.9
6.8
268 establish /1911 5,615
ments.
\1912 5,054
56.7
56.2
9.6
11.6
6.2
9.7
16.6
16.4
19.3 348.2
19.0 43.1
.2625
.2704
24.9
20.8
43.3
42.8
24.8
28.5
7.0
8.0
1 Including 0.1 per cent working oyer 60 hours.
2 Including 0.9 per cent working over 60 hours.
3 Including 0.2 per cent working over 60 hours.
The above table shows for each of the three principal occupations'
in the industry a reduction of nominal working time per week during
the six years. The tendency toward reduction of hours of work per
week was fairly constant from year to year and in the few cases where
a year shows an increase over the preceding year, the increase was not
over 0.3 of an hour. During the six years the proportion of employees
whose full working time was less than 54 hours per week increased,
the proportion whose working time was 54 hours and the proportion
whose time was over 54 and under 60 hours both increased, while
the proportion whose working time was 60 hours materially decreased.
92
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Concerning rates of wages per hour, the table shows for each of
the three principal occupations in the industry a reduction in the
average rate in 1908 as compared with 1907. After 1908 each year
shows an increase over the previous year in average rate of wage
for each of the occupations with the single exception of bench hands
in 1909. During the six years there was a decline in the proportion
of bench hands earning under 20 cents per hour, the proportion earn
ing 20 and under 30 cents, and the proportion earning 40 cents and
over, while there was an increase in the proportion earning 30 and
under 40 cents per hour. Among the laborers there was a decided
decline in the proportion earning under 14 cents per hour and a
slightly less pronounced decline in the proportion earning 14 and
under 16 cents, while there was a slight increase in the proportion
earning 16 and under 18 cents, and a decided increase in the pro
portion earning 18 cents and over. Among the machine hands there
was a rather pronounced decline in the proportion earning under
20 cents per hour, a less pronounced decline in the proportion earning
20 and under 30 cents, a decided increase in the proportion earning
30 and under 40 cents, and a very slight increase in the proportion
earning 40 cents and over.
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.
The industry covered in this report is generally known in trade
parlance either as “ millwork” or as “ planing mills.” The work
done is the manufacture, from wood, of sash, doors, blinds, frames,
fixtures, and building trim. During the earlier years of the 23-year
period covered by this report a few establishments engaged solely
in planing lumber were included in this industry, but during the
later years of the period the Bureau has excluded such establishments,
as planing is in most cases done immediately following, and in
connection with, the sawing of lumber and is therefore quite properly
considered a part of the lumber industry.
The number of establishments for which data concerning rates of
wages per hour and nominal full time hours of work per week were
secured has varied considerably during the 23-year period, as follows:
1890 to 1903......................................................
1903 and 1904...................................................
1904 and 1905...................................................
1905 and 1906...................................................
1906 and 1907...................................................
1907 to 1910.......................................................
1910 and 1911..................................................
1911 and 1912...................................................
94 identical establishments.
112 identical establ shments.
113 identical establishments.
116 identical establishments.
120 identical establishments.
62 identical establishments.
232 identical establishments.
269 identical establishments.
The data for 1907 to 1911 were secured in 1911 and the number of
establishments included for the period 1907 to 1910 was small owing
to the difficulty in finding establishments which had preserved
complete records for those years.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- MILLWORK.
93
In order that data from year to year may be entirely comparable
it is necessary that information be secured from identical establish
ments, therefore when in 1912 the number of establishments was
increased to 269 the Bureau secured data for 1911 also from all estab
lishments added, thus providing for an exact comparison of the two
years 1911 and 1912.
In selecting establishments from which to secure data the Bureau
undertook to represent all States in which the millwork industry is
of material importance, the measure of importance being the number
of employees as reported by the United States Census of manufac
tures, 1905. In selecting establishments in 1912 every State having
2,500 or more employees in the industry is represented. The table
which follows shows by States the number of employees in this in
dustry as reported by the United States Census for 1910 and 1905;
the total number on the pay roll in the establishments from which
the Bureau secured data in 1912; and the number in the selected
occupations and for whom data were secured in 1912. Data were
secured from the pay roll ending nearest May 15, or, if paid only once
a month, from the May pay roll, except for a very few establishments
where conditions in May were particularly abnormal.
The census figures for 1910 were not available at the time the
work for 1911 and 1912 was planned, and therefore the establish
ments selected, as already stated, were distributed by States accord
ing to the census of 1905. The relative importance of the various
States, as measured by the number of employees in this industry,
did not change materially, except that of Ohio, which was fourth in
1905 and seventh in 1910.
TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN THE M ILLW ORK INDU STRY AND NUMBER
OF EMPLOYEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS FROM WHICH DATA W ER E SECURED IN
1912.
Number of employees Establishments furnishing infor
reported by United
mation to the Bureau of Labor
States Census Office.1
Statistics in 1912.
State*
1910
1905
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees.
°rUofiay
For whom
data were
secured.
New York.........................................................
Pennsylvania...................................................
Illinois..............................................................
15,126
9,267
8,710
5,846
14,456
9,050
6,994
5,805
41
68
31
33
2,887
2,603
2,346
1,417
1,880
1,726
1,453
1,003
Michigan...........................................................
California..........................................................
Wisconsin.........................................................
Georgia..............................................................
6,793
6,341
6,673
3,410
5,225
4,753
4,727
3,603
16
17
15
11
927
1,818
4,429
1,149
654
1,145
2,657
780
Massachusetts................................... ...............
Minnesota.........................................................
2,970
2,858
2,582
34,651
15
9
13
735
951
1,710
532
598
895
Other States2...................................................
3,296
3,154
3,440
40,336
Total.......................................................
112,392
97,674
269
20,972
13,323
1 The designation used by the United States Census is “ Lumber, Planing Mill Products,” Including
Sash, Doors, and Blinds.
2 Includes States having less than 3,000 each in 1910 and less than 2,500 each in 1905.
94
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
According to both the census of 1905 and the census of 1910
more than 60 per cent of the total number of employees in the in
dustry are found in the 11 States in which the’establishments furnish
ing information to the Bureau of Labor Statistics are located.
The number of employees in the establishments from which the
Bureau secured 1912 data was equal to 18.7 per cent of the total in
the industry in 1910, and the number for which the Bureau secured
detailed information in 1912 was equal to 11.9 per cent of the total
in the industry in 1910.
All information included in this report was secured from pay rolls
of the various establishments by agents of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS.
This industry as used in this report includes establishments
engaged in the manufacture of sash, doors, blindsr window frames,
door frames, moldings, stair material, newels, mantels, store fixtures,
and all kinds of builders’ trim or finish.
A large number of the establishments are comparatively small and
confine their operations wholly to custom work. Many of them are
operated in connection with a retail lumber business. Some are
run by contractors who carry on large building operations, and
manufacture trim,, mostly for their own use. Some custom mills in
the larger cities are quite extensive and employ a large number of
workmen.
A few establishments manufacture for the general market. Such
establishments, as a rule, employ a larger number of workmen than
the custom mills or factories, have their work more systematized,
and pay somewhat lower wages. The latter fact may be accounted
for by the greater division of labor whereby an employee, while
being expert in the operation of a particular machine or in perform
ing certain work,, is not a skilled workman generally, and so can not
command as high wages as an all-round skilled mechanic.
There is hardly such a thing as a typical factory in this industry
in the sense that there is a typical sawmill or cotton factory. The
work may be done on the second floor of a small building, the powder
being rented with the room; or the factory may consist of one or
more large buildings with so much machinery that a considerable
force of machinists will be regularly employed to keep the machines
in order. Neither is there any regular or established ratio between
the number of employees in different occupations. One estab
lishment may have an approximately equal number of bench men,
machine woodworkers, and laborers; another will have three or
four times as many bench men as machine men; and in another the
proportion will be reversed, depending on the particular class of
WAGES AND HOUKS OF
L A B OB,
1890 TO 1912---- MILLWORK.
95
work the factory turns out. The arrangement of the factory and
machines will depend upon the class of work done, the space at the
disposal of the management, and the latter’s ideas as to convenience
and economy. The differences that are found are between estab
lishments rather than between different sections of the country or
different localities.
The work in these factories resolves itself into three general classes,
bench work, common labor, and machine work, and the occupational
terms used in this report are bench hands, laborers, and machine
hands. A brief description of the terms used follows:
BENCH HANDS.
The men engaged in this occupation are known also as benchmen,
bench carpenters, shop carpenters, inside carpenters, and cabinet
makers. Most of the work is done at a bench, as distinguished
from building or outside carpentering work. These employees make
doors, sash, blinds, window frames, cabinets, etc., fitting and putting
together the parts that have previously been prepared by machine
hands. They also shape and form such articles as can not be made
by machines. In some shops work is done by hand that in other
establishments is done by machinery. In some establishments men
are employed who are able to work interchangeably at the bench
and at the machines. As with machine hands, carpenters or bench
hands differ greatly in ability, some being able to do all kinds of
difficult work, while others can do only the simpler kinds of work or,
perhaps, only one or, at most, a few kinds. As a rule, the more
skilled mechanics who can do all kinds of work are found in the
smaller establishments.
LABORERS.
Those engaged in this occupation do a great many kinds of miscel
laneous work about the factory, handling lumber, material, and
finished product, and assisting other workmen, particularly machine
hands. They bring material to the machines and take it away
after it is worked, assemble parts that are to be put together, pack
goods in storehouse or load on wagons or in cars for shipment, and
do any other common or unskilled work about the factory or yard.
The number of laborers as compared with the other employees is
usually larger in establishments employing a large number of
machine hands.
MACHINE HANDS*
By the use of various machines, employees in this occupation
plane the lumber, saw it into lengths, widths, and shapes, mortise
and tenon the parts of doors, sash, blinds, etc., make moldings, turn
96
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
spindles, posts, and balusters, sandpaper, or smooth material or
finished product, etc. A first-class machine hand is able to operate
any of the machines usually found in a factory, and is supposed also
to be able to keep his machines in order. In the smaller establish
ments, and in the shops doing a high grade of work, the machine
hands often, if not generally, actually use different machines, as the
character of their work may require, one man doing all the machine
work on a given piece of work. In larger establishments, when there
is a greater division of labor, a man will be employed continually
on one machine and may know nothing about the operation of any
other. It has been found impracticable to separate these two
classes of machine hands.
EXPLANATION OF TABLES,
This report includes six general tables covering the 6-year period
1907 to 1912. Three of the general tables present data as to rates
of wages per hour and three present data as to nominal hours of work
per week, as follows:
Table I.— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States,
by years, 1907 to 1912.
Table II.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by States,
1907 to 1912.
Table III.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by
years, 1907 to 1912.
Table IV .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week
in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1912.
Table V .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each year, by States, 1907 to 1912.
Table V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each State, by years, 1907 to 1912.
T a b l e I .— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by
years, 1907 to 1912 (p. 9 9 ) . — This table summarizes the data con
cerning rates of wages secured from the whole number of estab
lishments furnishing information. For each of the three principal
occupations— bench hands, laborers, and machine hands— data are
shown for each of the six years, 1 9 0 7 to 1 9 1 2 .
The table is divided into two sections, the first section showing the
number and the second section the per cent of employees earning
each classified rate of wages per hour. In addition to showing classi
fied rates of wages, the table showTs number of establishments from
which data were secured, number of employees, average nominal
hours per week, and average rate of wages per hour.
The rate of wages per hour was computed for each employee in
the case of time wrorkers by dividing the daily or weekly rate by the
number of hours per day or week, and in the case of pieceworkers
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
97
and those working both as time workers and pieceworkers by dividing
the amount earned during the pay-roll period by the hours actually
worked.
As previously stated, comparisons from year to year can be made
only between identical establishments, and data in this table are
presented for identical establishments in such a way as to make pos
sible comparisons from year to year.
The relative nominal hours per week and the relative rates of wages
per hour for 1907 to 1912, shown on pages 89 and 90, are computed
from the averages shown in this table. The method of computing
the relatives can best be explained by using an illustration; thus for
laborers the average nominal hours per week in 60 establishments was
58.5 in 1907 and 58.2 in the same 60 establishments in 1908. The
average in 1908 (58.2) was 99.49 per cent of the average (58.5) in 1907.
Bulletin 77 (July, 1908) shows that for nominal hours per week for
laborers the relative was 98 in 1907 (average for 1890-1899=100).
The average nominal hours for 1908 were then reduced to a compari
son with the base period (average for 1890-1899=100) by comput
ing 99.49 per cent of 98, which is 97.5. The same method was fol
lowed in computing the relative rates of wages per hour; the average
in 1908 ($0.1550) was 99.68 per cent of the average in 1907 ($0.1555);
the relative (average for 1890-1899 = 100) for 1907 as shown in
Bulletin 77 was 121.4; and 99.68 per cent of 121.4 is 121, or the
relative rate of wages per hour in 1908 if the average for 1890-1899 is
the base, or 100.
In computing the relatives for 1911 comparison was made of the
data from 224 identical establishments, and in computing the rela
tives for 1912 comparison was made of the data from 253 identical
establishments.
T a b l e II.— Classified rales of wages per hour in each year, by Statesr
1907 to 1912 (pp.100 to 104).— This table affords an easy comparison of
rates of wages per hour in the several States. It shows for each of the
three principal occupations— bench hands, laborers, and machine
hands— the number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour. Under each year, 1907 to 1912, the data are shown for
each of the States represented by two or more establishments through
out the whole period. In addition to classified rates of wages, average
rates of wages per hour and average nominal hours per week are shown.
T a b l e III.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by yearsT
1907 to 1912 (pp. 105 to 110).— This table affords an easy comparison
of rates of wages per hour in the several years, 1907 to 1912. It shows
for each of the three principal occupations— bench hands, laborers,
and machine hands— the number of employees earning each classified
93372°—Bull. 129—13----- 7
98
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
rate of wages per hour. For each of the more important States in this
industry the data are shown for each of the six years, 1907 to 1912.
In addition to classified rates of wages, average rates of wages per
hour and average nominal hours per week are shown.
T a b l e IV.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
the United States, by years, 1 9 0 7 to 1 9 1 2 (p. 1 1 1 ) . — This table sum
marizes the data concerning nominal hours of work per week
secured from the whole number of establishments furnishing infor
mation. For each of the three principal occupations— bench hands,
laborers, and machine hands— data are shown for each of the six years,
1907 to 1912. By nominal hours per week is meant full time, not
excluding time shut down owing to temporary depression or other
cause temporary in nature.
The table is divided into two sections, the first section showing the
number and the second the per cent of employees under each classi
fied number of nominal working hours per week. In addition to
showing classified nominal hours, the table shows number of estab
lishments from which data were secured, number of employees, and
average nominal hours per week.
In using this table, comparisons from year to year should be made
of identical establishments. The data are so arranged that such
comparisons are easily made.
T a b l e V .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each year} by States, 1907 to 1912 {pp. 112 to 116).— This table affords an
easy comparison of nominal full-time hours of work per week in the
several States. It shows for each of the three principal occupations—
bench hands, laborers, and machine hands— the number of employees
under each classified number of nominal full-time working hours per
week. Under each year, 1907 to 1912, the data are shown for each
of the States represented by two or more establishments throughout
the wiiole period. In addition to classified nominal full-time hours,
average nominal full-time hours per week are shown.
T a b l e V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each State, by years, 1 9 0 7 to 1 9 1 2 (pp. 1 1 7 to 1 2 2 ) . — This table affords an
easy comparison of nominal full-time hours of wrork per week in the
several years, 1907 to 1912. It shows for each of the three principal
occupations— bench hands, laborers, and machine hands— the number
of employees under each classified number of nominal full-time
working hours per week. For each of the more important States
in this industry the data are shown for each of the six years, 1907 to
1912. In addition to classified nominal full-time hours, average
nominal full-time hours of work per week are shown.
The general tables follow.
99
WAGES AND HOUBS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWOBK.
T a b l e I . — CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN T H E UNITED
STATES, B Y YEARS, 1S07 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
NUMBER.
Num
Occupation, s e x ,
ber of
and number o f Year. em
establishments.
ploy
ees.
Bench hands, male:
Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
nom Aver
!
age
25
30 40 50
inal
9 10 12 14 16 18 20
full rate of and and and and and and and and and and and, 60
time per un un un un un un un un un un mi-||cts.
der der der der der der der der der der der! and
hours hour.
30 40 50 60 |over.
per
10 12 14 16 18 20 25
week.
c t s . cts. ets. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. CtS.!i
_ ! 1____ _
19
25
31
35
196
185
212
188
336
277
314
291
42 108
46 86
63 78
74 79
2
118
115
72
65
718
653
908 1,440 233 162
842 1,461 262 119
29
24
.3131
149
159
74
92
730
710
924 1,772 297 146
867 1,808 304 175
24
2
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
57.6
57.6
57.6
57.4
.1555
.1550
.1589
.1613
.1705
.1712
.1722
.1781
495
342
427
491
1,604
1,572
1,493
1,494
67
70
110
136
476
467
492
510
99
84
94
140
721
740
675
663
20
28
29
25
231
231
201
257
20
25
39
29
64
55
67
69
8
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
.2527
.2494
.2514
.2570
235 66
218 90
210 116
197 125
382
320
377
397
378
344
364
382
223
191
220
279
3S
41
45
53
57.0
56.8
56.7
56.2
.2551
.2596
.2625
.2704
839
755
808
559
397 1,259 1,159 1,204
305 1,264 1,135 1,272
313 1,282 1,149 1,394
268 1,116 1,045 1,438
5.9
5.7
4.8
3.9
3.2
3.2
3.6
3.8
1.8
2.6
3.0
3.2
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.2
18.2
19.6
20.4
17.4
19.4
18.4
17.7
17.1
31.2
29.3
30.2
26.9
24.6
23.7
22.4
20.9
31.4 4.2
26.3 5.4
29.4 7.6
32.3 8.9
32.8 9.7
33.0 9.8
33.5 11.0
36.3 12.4
6.3
6.5
6.5
9.2
14.8
15.5
15.1
16.1
1.3
2.2
2.0
1.6
4.7
4.8
4.5
6.2
15.6
15.9
14.1
12.5
15.4
14.1
14.4
11.1
25.3
23.3
25.3
25.1
23.2
23.6
22.8
22.1
25.1
25.1
24.5
24.2
21.3
21.2
20.5
20.7
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6 $0.2976
55.6 .2945
55.7 .2944
55.5 .3047
226 establish /1910
\1911
ments.
3,695
3,553
55.1
55.2
.3072
.3085
267 establish (1911 4,131
\1912 4,148
ments.
Laborers, male:
(1907 1,578
60 establish J1908 1,300
11909 1,451
ments.
(1910 1,522
224 establish /1910 4,885
\1911 4,764
ments.
253 establish /1911 4,456
\1912 4,121
ments.
Machine
hands,
male:
(1907 1,508
62 establish 1908 1,372
' 1909 1,488
ments.
.1910 1,580
55.1
54.8
232 establish
ments.
268 establish
ments.
/1910
\1911
11911
\1912
5,438
5,363
5,615
5,054
294
262
286
367
64
54
50
42
(1907
62 establish 1908
11909
ments.
11910
i
15
3
71
5
57
61
9
9
9
199 89
242 98
253 108
257 112
29
28
34
36
8
PER CENT.
Bench hands, male:
(1907 1,076
62
establish 1908
945
ments.
1909 1,041
1910 1,083
226 establish /1910 3,695
ments.
U911 •3,553
267 establish (1911 4,131
\1912 4,148
ments.
Laborers, male:
(1907 1,578
60
establish J1908 1,300
11909 1,451
ments.
[1910 1,522
224 establish /1910 4,885
ments.
\1911 4,764
253 establish /1911 4,456
\1912 4,121
ments.
Machine h a n d s ,
male:
T1907 1,508
62
establish Jl908 1,372
11909 1,488
ments.
[1910 1,580
232 establish J1910 5,438
ments.
ton
5,363
268 establish /1911 5,615
\1912 5,054
ments.
55.6 10.2976
1.3
55.6 .2945
1.1
55.7 .2944
.7
---55.5 .3047
.5
___ ___ .4
55.1 .3072
55.2 .3085
.3
55.1 .3096
.4
54.8 .3131 ___ 'o.‘ i 0)
.6
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
57.6
57.6
57.6
57.4
.1555
.1550 ___
.1589
.1613
.1705
. 1712 ---.1722
.1781 oV
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
57.0
56.8
56.7
56.2
.2527
.2494
.2514
.2570
.2551
.2596
.2625
.2704 . . . .
10.0 19.2 26.4
13.3 20.4|24.1
11.2 20.2 20.4
8.5 20.6117.0
5.8 10.6 20.2
4.6 11.4 19.6
4.5 9.6 20.2
2.8 7.3 17.0;
.1
.1
.1
.1
.4
.4
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.4
6.7
7.1
5.4
4.4
4.2
4.3
4.3
3.9
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
4.4
6.6
7.8
7.9
7.3
5.7
5.6
5.3
27.3
27.7
27.5
33.9
39.0
41.1
42.9
43.6
i
3.910.0 0.3
4.9! 9.1
6.1 7.5
6.8 7.3 ” \*2
6.3 4.4
.8
7.4 3.3
.7
7.2 3.5
.6
7.3 4.2 (l)
1.3
1.9
2.7
1.9
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.7 ” .*2
14.8
13.9
14.8
17.7
22.1
23.7
24.8
28.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.4
3.7
4.5
4.5
5.1
.......
.......
4.7
4.0
3.8
3.9
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.2
.5
.7
.6
.6
.5
•5
.6
.7
100
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YE A R ,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912.
BENCH H A N D S: Male.
Year and State.
Num
ber
of
estab
lish
ments.
Average
Num nom
ber inal
of
em- full
ploy- time
hours
per
Number of employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
10 12
rate of
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
10 12 14
cts. cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
1907.
California.........
Georgia............
Illinois.............
Iowa.................
Massachusetts..
41
116
Michigan........
Minnesota.......
New Y ork___
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
52.
45 59.6
200 51.7
72 56.
93 55.1
151
43
48.0 $0.5274
60.0 .2392
56.1 .3170
58.0 .2322
51.2 .3343
26
.3232
.2371
.3657
.2794
.2915
16
Wisconsin__
Other States.
71
63
56.
Total...
62 1,076
55.
.2976
41
102
92
123
48.0
60.0
56.0
58.0
51.2
.4931
.2302
.3185
.2418
.3305
80
39
178
60
70
53.2
59.7
51.8
56.4
55.5
.2994
.2353
.3585
.2781
.2917
Wisconsin__
Other States.
71
49
57.2
.2091
.2745
Total...
945
55.6
.2945
54
42
48.0
60.0
55.9
57.9
51.1
.2338
.3385
.2454
.3387
12
15
.2120
.2773
14
64
19
196
336
108
294
1908.
California.......
Georgia...........
Illinois............ .
Iowa...............
Massachusetts.
Michigan.........
Minnesota.......
New Y ork___
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
11
21
10
40
18
65
10
25
17
185
277
262
46
1909.
California.........
Georgia............
Illinois............ .
Iowa............... .
Massachusetts..
100
109
151
41
53.1
59.8
51.9
56.5
55.3
.2968
.2281
.3564
.2708
59.
57.2
.2118
.2762
14
18
62 1,041
55.7
.2944
50
31
California.........
Georgia............
Illinois.............
Iowa.................
Massachusetts..
270
189
604
225
183
48.9
58.9
54.1
58.2
52.0
.4646
.2532
.3565
.2543
.3382
Michigan..........
Minnesota........
New Y ork.......
Ohio.................
Pennsylvania..
206
190
715
373
421
54.4
59.
53.
55.4
54.9
.3056
.2496
.3067
.2780
.2879
Michigan........
Minnesota.......
New Y ork___
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
88
40
174
21
Wisconsin__
Other States.
Total......
15
57
212
63l 78
314
1910.
45
10
203
75
15
13
10
94
36
470
56
68
49
71
190
136
118
106
36
215
150
173
27
62
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOK, 1890 TO 1913— MILLWORK.
T able I I . —
101
CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
B E N C H H A N D S : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber
of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy-
13
271
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
10 12
rate of
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
10 12 14
cts. cts. cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
1910.
Wisconsin......
Other States..
60.0 $0.2172
57.5 .2932
53
38
104
118
72
718
17
226 3,695
55.1
.3072
California.......
Georgia...........
Illinois............
Iowa...............
Massachusetts.
244
190
615
260
204
49.2
58.9
54.
57.5
52.1
.4657
.2578
.3620
.2713
.3379
Michigan........
Minnesota......
New Y ork----Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
Wisconsin......
194
198
736
332
824
334
54.6
60.0
55.3
55.3
54.
.3119
.2569
.3154
.2851
.2951
.2183
Total....
4,131
55.1
.3096
California.......
Georgia..........
Illinois............
Iowa...............
Massachusetts.
300
178
636
248
181
51.4
58.3
53.8
57.9
51.
.4275
.2516
.3683
.2650
.3225
5
40
13
70
30
11
87
64
76
35
133
38
495
82
70
Michigan........
Minnesota......
New York___
Ohio...............
Pennsylvania.
Wisconsin___
204
174
756
340
701
430
54.7
59.2
52.7
55.2
54.0
60.0
.3117
.3157
.3304
.2920
.2980
.2113
112
18
63
142
46
134
149
43
69
145
122
132
83
115
36
315
165
337
22
Total....
267 4,148
54.1
.3131
159
92
710
867
39
98
6
3
22
6
14
1
4
1
3
75
3
19
19
12
101
91
27
11
31
14
2
10
2
8
38
4
24
4
5
34
22 130
80
92
77
14
158 303 416
495
Total....
15
908 1,440 233 162
29
1911.
13
149
74
4
38
9
68
27
78
64
87
27
83
52
456
94
78
26
68
167
57
146
120
42
79
175
114
175
75
105
43
285
152
404
20
730
924 1,772 297 146
22
1912.
20
1907.
3
3
5
7
2
37
211
64
286
17
48.0 $0.2914
60.0 .1158 .... 106 95
57.3 .1744
59.5 .1504
**30 *37
50.1 .1900
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
4
2
11
6
6
233
100
80
37
59
57.0
59.7
55.9
59.0
58.0
.1676
.1753
.1813
.1630
.1667
Wisconsin...,.........
Other States.........
6
5
194
260
60.0
59.2
.1536
.1383 ....
60 1,578
58.5
.1555
48.0
60.0
57.1
59.0
50.7
.2900
.1137 .... 121
.1736
.1572
5
.1950
Total...........
3
10
8
98
17
20
1
2
3
2
67
99
34
58 " s o
7
11
2
11
20
20
25
25
1908.
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
3
3
5
7
2
50
211
51
170
18
85
26
5
6
49
94
304 175
LA B O R E R S : M ale.
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
73
24
102
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I __ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH Y E A R ,
B Y STATES, 1007 TO 1912— Continued.
L A B O R E R S : M ale—Continued.
Year and State.
Aver
Num Num age
ber
ber
inal
of
of
full
estab em time
lish ploy
ments. ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
wages
per
hour.
9
and
un
der
10
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
11
6
3
75
10
19
14
11
89
27
21
12
30
45
89
83
41
53
11
i
173 265 313
342
70
84
34
4
104 34
7
25
2
9
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
18
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un*
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
40 | 50
and and 60
un un cts.
der der and
50 60 over.
cts. cts.
1908.
Pp.nnsyl van ia.......
4
2
11
6
G
215
48
71
37
56
57.6 $0.1642
1668
59.4
1812
55.5
1609
59.0
58.0 .1677
"Wisconsin.............
Other States.........
6
5
184
189
60.0
58.9
1507
.1338
60 1,300
58.2
.1550
Total...........
47
14
8
1
9
23
3
24
4
3
3
3
28
25
23
39
____
1909.
3
3
5
7
2
62
220
66
209
16
48.0
60.0
56.9
58.8
51.0
3105
1136
1827
1640
1943
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
4
2
U
6
6
232
51
78
41
70
57.8
59.2
54.9
59.0
58.4
.1622
.1652
.1870
. 1003
.1658
Wisconsin.............
Other States.........
6
5
180
226
60.0
59.0
. 1581
.1309 !____
60 1,451
58.0
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
16
11
27
12
12
480
494
394
276
213
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
16
7
35
38
32
California..............
Georgia.................
Tllinois...................
126
8
3
56
86
13
3
7
5
83
14
13
13
15
75
27
24
17
36
38
5
10
ii
13
5
28
4
3
23
37 139
53
38
91
12
8
5
.1589;___ 163 293 296
427 n o
94
29
39
5-1.7
59.0
56.9
59.1
52.1
.2315
. 1167
.1831
.1713
.1954
52
51
12
47
21
8
227
132
61
188
172
53
72
35
13
112
21
113
4
179
544
340
233
57.3
59.7
55.4
56.3
56.9
.1697
.1768
.1818
. 1730
.1729
24 63
2 18
8 169
17 59
11 59
163
92
162
139
as
55
27
38
81
53
35
39
89
37
22
W isconsin.............
Other States.........
13 1,168
5
223
60.0
59.2
. 1586
. 1353
4 123 441
20 135 48
481
19
93
1
26
Total...........
224 4,885
57.6
. 1705
281 520 988 1,604 476
Total...........
20
3
1910.
250 193
6
1
1
6
13
1
!
69
7
5
3
721
231
64
63
!
1911.
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
17
11
29
13
13
370
486
405
289
135
53.7
59.1
56.9
58.8
51.0
.2423
.1196
.1851
.1745
.1874
i
195 234l
1
1
1
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania. . . .
W isconsin.............
15
313
9
165
40
443
33
274
377
58
15 1,199
57.7
60.0
56.0
56.6
56.0
60.0
.1706
.1822
.1837
.1769
. 1734
.1586
23
1
10'
12!
1 21
4 12(i»
Total...........
253 4,456
57.6
.1722
— *'i......
38
8
125
136
ii
49
22
177
162
46
87
34
5
124
40
50
5
4
11
56
16
94
41
89
463
146
73
132
103
136
480
50
17
41
76
79
95
38
54
135
34
44
31
4
27
8
6
201 420iI 898 l.493ii 492
675
201
3
57
3
1
67
!1
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
103
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
L A B O R E R S : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber
of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
17
11
29
13
13
434
354
342
284
119
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of
wages
per
hour.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
3 114 197
33
3
39
15
9
and
un
der
10
cts.
10
and
un
der
12
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
60
cts.
60
cts.
and
over.
8
1912.
15
198
9
169
415
40
262
33
58
339
15 1,205
57.3
59.6
56.2
56.0
56.0
60.0
1716
, 1833
.1879
1745
1745
.1625
253 4,121
57.4
.1781
Michigan...............
Minnesota......
New Y ork.............
Pp.fi nsyl yq/n1a ...
Total...........
53.7 $0.2509
58.7 .1235
55.4 .1862
58.5 .1797
52.5 .1944
19 16
7
141 100
137 48
35 17
142
182
92
60
36
6
92
66
116
102
124
655
12
48
68
77
96
36
65
106
37
46
43
3 115 302 700 1,494 510
663
257
69
8
11
33
22
87
1
21
33
23
60
3
23
5
44
12
22
20
19
3
1
9
18
120
21
25
26
2
1
38
23
10
1
1
9 33
1 21
8 88
9 46
12 76
65 346
28
67
14
1
4
48
1
8
3
M ACH IN E H A N D S: Male.
1907.
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
3
3
5
7
3
102
80
93
296
30
48.0 $0.3845
60.0 .2339
57.3 .2940
59.1 .2075
49.6 .3510
Michigan............;.
Minnesota.............
New Y ork.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
4
2
11
6
7
141
97
198
79
97
57.8
59.6
52.6
56.6
56.7
.2103
.2214
.3218
.2830
.2793
Wisconsin.............
Other States.........
6
5
218
77
59.9
56.9
.1843
.2522
5
1
62 1,508
56.9
.2527
Total...........
9
23
86
28
24
1
59
4
12
6
1
5
10
72
20
19
28
52
1
68
3
18
2
57
22
16
29
2
19
6 101
235
66
382
378
223
38
71
8
8
36
8
80
12
28
21
53
7
21
4
44
9
14
17
20
9
2
1
10
11
18
110
19
21
18
5
3
33
18
6
4
51
1908.
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois...................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
3
3
5
7
3
87
78
85
234
31
48.0
60.0
56.7
59.1
49.9
.4070
.2277
.2944
.2111
.3472
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New York............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
4
2
11
6
7
136
94
165
71
95
58.0
59.7
53.0
56.6
57.3
.1996
.2184
.3154
.2788
.2608
■Wisconsin.............
Other States.........
6
5
217
79
59.9
57.2
.1828
.2509
4
2
62 1,372
57.1
.2494
6
48.0
60.0
56.8
288 59.1
351 49.7
.4102
.2296
.3090
.2138
.3525
Total...........
10
9
64
9
19
21
7
57
6
17
14
8
3
9
12
44
12
16
33
58
3
69
4
18
1
50
21
16
28
2
20
98
218
90
320
344
191
41
55
9
25
4
49
11
14
16
22
3
1
40
11
31
19
59
5
9
35
20
110
2
6
34
1909.
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois ..................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts ,,
3
3
5
7
3
88
81
92
11
13
55
14
104
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH Y E A R ,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
M A CH IN E H A N D S : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber
of
estab
lish
ments.
Aver
Num age
ber
inal
of
full
em time
ploy hours
ees. per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 9
wages and
per un
hour. der
10 12 14 16
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
10 12 14 16 18
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
18
and
un
der
20
and
un
der
20
25
cts. cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
1909.
142
90
165
76
97
57.8 $0.2116
59.6 .2218
53.1 .3175
56.8 .2768
57.6 .2613
240
94
59.9
57.4
,1866
.2500
3
6
43
4
62 1,488
57.2
.2514
9
81
52.2
58.8
55.2
58.9
52.4
,3770
3
35
32
.3283
. 2225
.2995
12
6
6
g
57
3
56
16
59
31
15
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New York.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
2
11
6
Wisconsin.............
Other States.........
6
Total...........
4
7
5
17
4
43
26
8
8
19
43
14
10
22
110
23
5
5
32
6
34
9
2
8
19
30
23
24
81
3
30
62
2
22
17
29
4
28
210 116
377
364
220
45
57
9
28
90
60
145
43
63
69
69
92
59
131
27
327
35
103
50
49
28
72
103
193
97
98
57
77
253
197
124
59
18
183
164
108
40
5
37
11
1
313
17
77
22
15
34
1
1
20
6
1910.
California..............
Georgia..................
Illinois..................
Iowa......................
Massachusetts.......
16
U
29
15
351
264
517
391
283
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New Y ork.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
16
7
35
38
35
298
256
730
482
391
57.8
59.8
54.9
55.8
55.9
. 2357
.2263
.2914
.2728
.2668
Wisconsin.............
Other States.........
13 1,386
5
89
60.0
57.5
.1846
.2528
Total...........
232 5,438
57.0
.2551
12
.2200
1
4
5
6
2
12
2
1
21
3
23
9
11
7
21
12
7
23
42 1
45
11 143
4
8
608 218
28 230
839 397 1,259 1,159 1,204 199
2
1
1
4
1
89
29
141 45 74
34
289 *’ 77 * 'i
45
1
99 48
34
1911.
California..............
Georgia.................
Illinois...................
Iow a .,...................
Massachusetts.......
31
13
15
392
281
515
409
237
51.2
58.8
55.7
58.8
52.1
.3898
.2219
.3331
.2284
.3210
Michigan...............
Minnesota.............
New Y ork.............
Ohio......................
Pennsylvania.......
Wisconsin.............
315
16
9
267
732
41
33
424
67
685
15 1,358
57.7
60.0
54.6
55.6
55.0
60.0
.2448
.2281
.2944
.2822
.2712
.1906
Total...........
268 5,615
56.7
.2625
17
11
1
5
37
16
1
4
32 * 2
9
4
49 43
2
7
28
95
58
149
28
56
15
13
63
94
179
71
157
360
66
75
77
107
51
12 127
30
16
14
3
10
40 29
578 165
6
28 240
808 313 1,282 1,149 1,394 253 108
3
13
5
6
19
18
2
5
20
61
86
200
162
167
97
74
27
253
171
243
18
12
41
30
6
1
1
23
1
34
1912.
California..............
Georgia .
. . .
Illinois...................
Iowa
..............
Massachusetts .. .
31
13
15
411
248
475
363
232
51.8
58.1
54.7
58.7
51.8
.3967
.2183
.3430
.2359
. 3090
Michigan .
Minnesota
New Y ork.........
Ohio
Pennsylvania
W isconsin
16 252
9
255
41
709
33
401
686
67
15 1,022
57.3
59.6
54.4
55.5
54.6
60.0
. 2522
.2527
.3023
.2820
.2760
.1805
268 5,054
56.2
.2704
Total............
17
11
1
29
5
31
4
5
42
34
16
9
2
10
38
16
28
6
7
3
13
127
21 199
12
8
4
9
43 24
372 139
51
125
48
37
74
75
108
44
189
26
269
49
87
43
93
175
76
145
272
47
87
187
138
155
93
66
20
68
38
252
168
275
19
56
69
35
42
1
80
41
13
38
6
23
1
559 268 1,110 1,045 1,438 257 112
36
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
T able
105
III___ CLASSIFIED
RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
Num
ber of
State, and number Year. em
of establishments.
ploy
ees.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age Aver
nom age
inal rate
9 10 12 14 16 18 20
25
30 40 50
full
of
and and and and and and and and and and
time wages and
un un un un
un un un un un un cts.
hours per der der der der un
der der der der der and
per hour. 10 12 14 16 der der
40 50 60 over.
18 20 25
30
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
BENCH HANDS,
MALE.
California:
48.0 $0.5274
48.0 .4931
48.0 .4926
48.0 .4896
(1907
1908
3 establishments. 11909
11910
41
41
42
36
(1910
15 establishments. \1911
270
214
48.9
49.4
.4646
.4548
J1911
16 establishments. \1912
Georgia:
(1907
1908
3 establishments.. 11909
11910
244
300
49.2
51.4
.4657
.4275
83
133
116
102
100
94
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2392
.2302
.2338
.2431
13
11 establishments. /1910
\1911
189
190
58.9
58.9
.2532
.2578
/1911
11 establishments. \1912
Illinois:
(1907
5 establishments.. 1908
' 1909
11910
190
178
58.9
58.3
.2578
.2516
52
99
92
109
125
56.1
56.0
55.9
55.1
.3170
.3185
.3385
.3413
67
60
71
93
29 establishments. /1910
\1911
604
532
54.1
54.2
.3565
.3669
470
31 establishments. (1911
\1912
Iowa:
(1907
7 establishments.. J1908
11909
11910
615
636
54.6
53.8
.3620
.3683
456
495
151
123
151
147
58.0
58.0
57.9
58.4
.2322
.2418
. 2454
.2503
16
22
23
33
12 establishments. (1910
\1911
225
230
58.2
58.0
.2543
.2632
56
72
13 establishments. /1911
\1912
260
248
57.5
57.9
.2713
.2650
(1907
3 establishments.. 11908
11909
11910
43
40
41
39
51.2
51.2
51.1
51.2
.3343
.3305
.3387
.3363
15 establishments. (1910
\1911
183
197
52.0
52.1
.3382
.3420
15 establishments. (1911
1.1912
204
181
52.1
51.7
.3379
.3225
(1907
1908
4 establishments.. ‘ 1909
11910
82
80
88
105
52.8
53.2
53.1
52.6
.3232
.2994
. 2968
.3364
16 establishments. /1910
\1911
206
196
54.4
54.7
.3056
.3126
(1911
16 establishments. \1912
194
204
54.6
54.7
.3119
.3117
10
70
94
82
25
78
11
17
18
18
26
21
21
17
3
38
31
99
66
27
22
34
73
93
77
22
1
Massachusetts:
Michigan:
106
107
42
43
105
115
15
15
106
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
Num
ber of
State, and number Year. em
of establishments.
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
Aver
age
rate
9 10 12 14
of
and and and
wages and
un un un un
per der der der der
hour. 10
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
30 40
and and and
un un un
der der der
30
40 50
cts. cts. cts.
50
and 60
un ets.
der and
60 over.
cts.
BENCH HANDS,
male —concluded.
Minnesota:
59.6 SO 2371
59.7
2353
2281
59.8
59.6
2438
1
1
1
1
59.8
59.9
2496
2560
2
198
174
60.0
59.2
, 2569
3157
f 1907
1908
11 establishments. 11909
1910
200
178
174
172
51.7
51.8
51.9
51.6
3657
3585
3564
3690
/1910
35 establishments. \1911
715
668
53.9
53.4
. 3067
.3144
41 establishments. /1911
\1912
736
756
53.3
52.7
.3154
.3304
[1907
1908
2 establishments.. "11909
1910
45
39
40
59
J1910
7 establishments.. \1911
190
170
/1911
9 establishments.. \1912
New York:
Ohio:
1
2 *2
5
2
1
6
25
17
15
15
16
14
15
28
2
3
2
8
10
6
5
2
66
66
71
66
36
36
6
3
2
1
68
63
79
69
43
36
2
11
11
6
7
85
79
84
75
22
19
19
16
4
8
10
82
65
57
62
2
203
161
190
158
215
251
41
44
62
52
2
2
167
142
175
145
285 55
315; 56
52
94
2
1
1
20
18
23
22
15
15
20
19
35
26
26
35
1
1
3
1
6 establishments.. ' 1909
11910
fl907
1903
72
60
69
76
56.6
56.4
56.5
56.6
.2794
.2781
.2708
2797
33 establishments. /1910
\1911
373
380
55.4
55.4
.2780
.2806
1
1
6
2
2
75
70
136
138
150
160
2
3
/1911
32 establishments. \1912
Pennsylvania:
fl907
Jl908
7 establishments.. 11909
(1910
332
340
55.3
55.2
.2851
.2920
1
3
2
1
57
46
114
122
152
165
3
6
93
70
96
100
55.1
55.5
55.3
54.3
. 2915
.2917
.2886
.3065
3
1
1
2
3
3
3
5
21
17
23
18
14
10
14
6
48
37
52
66
4
2
3
3
/1910
35 establishments. \1911
421
416
54.9
55.1
.2939
4
3
15
14
13
9
83
68
118
125
173
180
15
17
/1911
68 establishments. \1912
Wisconsin:
fl907
6establishments.. J1908
11909
11910
824
701
54.6
54.0
.2951
.29S0
6
35
20
18
18
146
134
175
132
404
337
40
52
71
71
81
82
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
.2120
.2091
.2118
. 2166
1
1
15
19
14
11
8
10
18
18
27
24
31
32
20
17
17
18
!
1
3
(1910
13 establishments. \1911
271
306
60.0
60.0
.2172
.2189
3
1
53
67
38
35
104
119
59
6?
14
17
/1911
15 establishments. \1912
334.
430
59.9
60.0
.2183
.2113
1
17
83
112
35
46
120
149
75
83
20
22
fl907
3 establishments.. J1908
11909
(1910
37
50
62
45
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
.2914
.2900
.3105
.3063
2
17
25
23
14
20
25
39
29
16 establishments. /1910
\1911
480
488
5-1.7
55.2
.2315
.2272
52
72
8
10
227
217
132
138
61
51
(1911
17 establishments. \1912
370
434
53.7
53.7
.2423
.2509
38
19
8
16
125
142
136
182
63
67
1
1
LABORERS, MALE.
California:
8
1
107
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- MILLWORK.
T able I I I * —
CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Num
ber of
State, and number Year. em
of es tablishments.
ploy
ees.
Number of employees
Aver
age Aver
nom age
inal rate
9 10 12 14 16
full
of
and and. and and. and
time
un
un un un un
hours per der der der der der
per hour. 10 12 14 16 18
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
39
3
34
34 ” 4
40
8
14
11
25
17
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
undei
60
cts.
LABORERS, M A L E -
eontinued.
Georgia:
11907
3 establishments.. 1908
1909
1910
211
211
220
236
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
3 .. .. 106 95
1 . . . . 121 85
126 86
i v.v. 109 113
10i
5
8
14
11 establishments. /1910
\1911
494
486
59.0
59.1
1....
250 193
195 234
51
57
354
59.1
58.7
) . . . . 195 234
> 3 114 197
57
33
57.3
57.1
56.9
56.1
1
11 establishments. 1911
,1912
Illinois:
1907
5 establishments.. 1908
1909
1910
i
1
27 establishments. /1910
\1911
394
401
56.9
56.
29 establishments. /1911
\1912
Iowa:
(1907
7 establishments.. J1908
11909
11910
405
342
56.
55.4
I
286
170
209
232
59.5
59.0
58.8
59.1
\. . . .
>
!
12 establishments. /1910
1.1911
276
271
59.1
59.1
58.
58.5
8
6
3
1
r
30
5
6
1
12
11
188
182
72
81
112
122
4
4
1
11
3
177 87
141 100
124
92
5
6
37
26
13
1
98
49
56
44
98
58
104
146
22
30
34
31
1
2
2
10
1
47
49
172
161
35
34
21
27
49
39
162
137
34
48
40
60
4
6
7
7
10
6
1
*i
4
11
9
12
53
60
13
11
313
99
13
14
13 establishments. /1911
\1912
Massachusetts:
11907
2 establishments.. 1908
1909
1910
17
18
16
23
50.1
50.7
51.0
51.9
12 establishments. /19.10
\1911
213
206
52.1
52.5
1
21
21
13 establishments. /1911
\1912
Michigan:
1907
4 establishments.. 1908
1909
1910
135
119
51.0
52.5
1
1
22
15
46
5
So
17
50
36
11
14
233
215
232
225
57.0
57.6
57.8
57.5
3
11
20
22
75
75
83
53
101
89
75
82
14
14
38
36
38
23
13
31
2
3
3
1
am
341
322
57.3
57.8
24
23
63
55
163
157
55
52|
35
35
1
15 establishments. /1911
\1912
Minnesota:
1907
2 establishments.. 1908
1909
1910
313
198
57.7
57.3
23
9
56
33
146
92
50
28
38
38
100
48
51
59.7
59.4
59.2
59.4
.1753
.1668
.1652
. 1762
1
3
10
14
6
91
27
27
32
2:
85!
3
4
3
5
20
1
j
|
..:..i.: j . : . .
J
179
147
59.7
58.9
.1768
.1782
2
1
18
16
92
73
27
17
39
40
....... i ' " ] " "
1
i
i
1/1911
11912
165
60.0
59.6
.1822
.1833
1 16
1 21
73
66
17!
54
65
{
16 establishments.
\1911
7 establishments..
9 establishments. J
.1797
\
\
1
12
1
j ....... L
4:.......
L .
60
cts.
and
over.
108
T able
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Num
ber of
State, and number Year. em
of establishments.
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate
of
wages
per
hour.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
per hour.
10 12 14
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
10 12 14 16
cts. cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and 60
un cts.
der and
60 over.
cts.
LABORERS, MALE—
concluded.
New York:
55.9 $0.1813
55.5 .1812
54.9 .1870
55.0 .1907
27
21
24
33
55.4
55.6
.1818
.1823
162
.154
102
443
415
56.0
56.2
.1837
.1879
132
116
135
106
37
37
41
39
59.0
59.0
59.0
59.2
.1630
.1609
.1603
.1651
11
4
4
4
(1910
38 establishments. \1911
340
342
56.3
56.3
.1730
. 1748
139
146
(1911
33 establishments. \1912
Pennsylvania:
(1907
6 establishments.. J1908
11909
11910
274
262
56.6
56.0
.1769
.1745
103
59
56
70
82
58.0
58.0
58.4
58.5
.1667
.1677
.1658
. 1663
31
30
36
35
(1910
32 establishments. 11911
233
253
56.9
57.1
.1729
.1736
90
(1911
establishments. \1912
Wisconsin:
(1907
J1908
6establishments.. 11909
(1910
377
339
56.0
56.0
.1734
. 1745
136
124
194
184
180
194
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.1536
.1507
.1581
.1617
77
53
91
79
(1910
13 establishments. \1911
1,168
1,099
60.0
60.0
.1586
.1594
481
463
(1911
15 establishments. \1912
1,199
1,205
60.0
60.0
.1586
.1625
480
655
(1907
J1908
3establishments.. 11909
11910
102
87
88
86
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
.3845
.4070
.4102
.4154
23
21
25
29
(1910
16 establishments - \1911
351
388
52.2
52.0
.3770
.3766
131
145
(1911
17 establishments. \1912
Georgia:
(1907
1908
3 establishments.. 11909
11910
392
411
51.2
51.8
.3898
.3967
141
80
78
81
86
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
.2339
.2277
.2296
.2331
(1910
\1911
264
276
58.8
58.9
.2200
.2243
3
2
35
35
(1911
\1912
281
248
58.8
58.1
.2219
.2183
1
5
31 13
37
29
(1907
1908
11 establishments. ‘ 1909
11910
80
71
78
95
/1910
35 establishments. \1911
544
527
/1911
40 establishments. \1912
Ohio:
(1907
J1908
6establishments.. 11909
11910
10
12
17
15
61
102
26
MACHINE HANDS,
MALE.
California:
11 establishments.
32
31
75
74
34
26
28
28
45
56
74
69
34
35
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
T able
109
I I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of
Aver
per hour.
age Aver
Num nom age
ber of inal rate
9 10 12 14 16 18 20
State, and number Year. em full
40 50
25
of
and and and and and and and and and and 60
of establishments.
ploy time wages and
cts.
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
and
ees. hours per der der der der der der der der der der un
der over.
per hour.
30
40 50 60
10 12 14 16 18 20 25
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
MACHINE HANDS,
m ale
—continued.
Illinois:
9
22
8
20
24
44
44
49
71
12
9
6
4
60
55
327
270
9
4
58
51
77
75
23
9
13
4
86
64
55
51
28
19
40
51
87
80
110
123
60
53
59
71
12
9
11
18
.2225
.2259
6
16
57
49
56
43
145
149
92
102
35
37
58.8
58.7
.2284
.2359
16
5
49
42
43
34
149
125
107
108
45
49
30
31
35
36
49.6
49.9
49.7
50.0
.3510
.3472
.3525
.3574
1
3
7
22
14
14
16
/1910
15 establishments. \1911
283
290
52.4
52.4
.2995
.3007
8
8
3
3
21
22
43
45
103
103
/1911
15 establishments. \1912
Michigan:
(1907
4 establishments.. ' 1908
1909
11910
237
232
52.1
51.8
.3210
.3090
1
2
2
7
10
28
48
99
87
141
136
142
140
57.8
58.0
57.8
58.0
.2103
.1996
.2116
.2193
24
21
17
16
59
57
43
42
12
17
26
26
10
12
19
22
26
18
23
23
/1910
16 establishments. \1911
298
321
57.8
57.5
.2357
.2432
16
19
59
58
31
30
72
70
59
72
16 establishments. /1911
\1912
Minnesota:
(1907
1908
2 establishments.. 11909
11910
315
252
57.7
57.3
.2448
.2522
19
16
56
38
30
28
63
43
74
97
94
90
87
59.6
59.7
59.6
59.6
.2214
.2184
.2218
.2326
4
6 "ii
8
8
5
7
72
44
43
38
(1910
7 establishments.. \1911
256
248
59.8
59.3
.2263
.2261
/1911
9 establishments.. \1912
New York:
fl907
1908
11 establishments. 11909
11910
267
255
60.0
59.6
.2281
.2527
198
165
165
171
52.6
53.0
53.1
53.3
.3218
.3154
.3175
.3265
/1910
35 establishments. \1911
730
683
54.9
54.4
.2914
.2933
ri9ii
41 establishments. 11912
732
709
54.6
54.4
.2944
.3023
fl907
J1908
5 establishments.. 11909
11910
93
85
92
132
57.3 10.2940
56.7 .2944
56.8 .3090
56.5 .3119
/1910
29 establishments. \1911
517
487
55.2
55.2
.3283
.3353
/1911
31 establishments. \1912
Iowa:
(1907
1908
7 establishments.. 11909
(1910
515
475
55.7
54.7
.3331
.3430
296
234
288
318
59.1
59.1
59.1
59.1
.2075
.2111
.2138
.2172
/1910
12 establishments. \1911
391
396
58.9
58.9
/1911
13 establishments. \1912
Massachusetts:
fl907
1908
3 establishments.. 11909
11910
409
363
2
2
1
1
7
4
3
....
4
5
6
5
12
18
21
14
15
16
103
90
5
6
18
9
15
16
16
12
94
93
120
253
180
....
1
1
20
12
10
14
2
2
9
9
12
12
193
174
2
13
6
14
8
179
175
10
77
110
110
104
183
242
6
6
4
51
34
34
37
40
34
37
30
1
41 30
381 42
1
1
110
T able
BULLETIN OP THE BUEEAU OP LABOE STATISTICS.
I I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages
Aver
per hour.
age
Num nom Aver
age
ber of inal
10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
State, and number Year. em full rate
of and and and and and and and and and and and 60
of establishments.
ploy- time wages
un un un un un un cts.
un
un
hours per der der der der un
der der der der der der der and
per hour.
14
30
40 50 60 over.
12
16
10
18
20 25
week.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
MACHINE HANDS,
m a l e — c o n c ld .
Ohio:
6 establishments.
1
3
2
56.6 $0.2830
56.6 .2788
56. 8 .2708
57.1
1907
1908
1909
1910
/1910
38 establishments. \1911
482
(1911
33 establishments. \1912
Pennsylvania:
1907
1908
7 establishments.. 1909
1910
19
16
19
14
21
19
23
30
38
33
32
36
3
97
91
197
189
164
188
5
0
1
1
0
*
55.8
55.5
.2728
.2791
424
401
55.6
55.5
.2822
.2820
3
9
71
76
162
138
171
168
6
6
97
95
97
110
56.7
57.3
57.6
57.9
.2793
. 2608
.26131.
.25641.
5
9
8
8
28
33
30
35
25
21
24
27
23
18
20
22
10
6
6
6
/1910
35 establishments. \1911
391
385
55.9
55.9
. 266s!.
. 2726:.
23
L5
98
98
124
128
108
110
11
15
1
1
(1911
67 establishments. \1912
Wisconsin:
1907
6 establishments.. 1908
1909
1910
685
55.0
54.6
. 2712).
.2760!.
29
24
157
145
167
155
243
275
23
23
1
1
218
217
240
243
59.9
59.9
59.9
60.0
.I 843I.
.1828 .
.1866 .
.1916 .
18
18
30
29
57
50
62
75
16
16
17
19
2
2
4
6
13 establishments. /1910
\1911
1,386
1,29:
60.0
60.0
.1846 .
.1870 .
218
157
313
351
77
89
15
17
1
1
15 establishments. (1911
\1912
1,358
GO.O .1906 .
6<\0
165
139
360
272
97
93
18
19
1
{
1,022
11
68
12
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
T able
I ll
I V .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
N U M BE R .
Occupation, sex, and
num ber of establish
ments.
Bench hands, male:
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy-
Aver Employees whose nominal full-time working hours per
week were—
age
nom
inal
Over 51
full
Over 57
time Un
48
54
and
54.
and under
hours der
60. Over
and , and
60.
under 54.
per
under under
60.
week.
57.
51.
61
60
62
54
62 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6
55.6
55.7
55.5
226 establishments.
1910
1911
3,695
3,553
55.1
55.2
164
127
294
363
1911
1912
4,131
4,148
55.1
54.8
123
153
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,578
1,300
1,451
1,522
115
95
104
283
266
298
278
21
1,056
192
113
339
292
441 1,026
443 1,027
438
459
332
254
113 1,215
975
419
285
333
471 1,115
382 1,173
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
53
65
76
57
48
32
31
38
14
13
18
35
122
1910 4,885
224 establishments. . . /\ 1911
4,764
57.6
57.6
206
236
166
64
59
615
376
388
667 2,711
632 2,686
253 establishments. . . \f 1911
1912
Machine hands, male:
1907
1908
62 establishments----- 1909
1910
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
197
176
186
642
704
371
323
557 2,514
"1,246
1,508
1,372
1,488
1,580
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
232 establishments. . .
1910
1911
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
296
472
268 establishments. . .
1911
5,615
1912
5,054
56.7
56.2
502
531
267 establishments.
Laborers, male:
60 establishments___
51
78
75
104
16
118
228 1,114
206
859
941
233
239 1,006
147
140
297
273
275
294
124
108
113
110
79
100
249
193
934
831
436
393
433
446
157
136
156
153
782
867
941
392
384
621 2,716
639 2,650
459
462
626 2, C93
502 2,180
P E R CEN T.
Bench hands, male:
7.2
26.3
2.0 10.7
6,2 _____ 28.1 ......... 10.1
7.2 ___
28.6
10.0
9.6
l .o ’ 25.7 “ i . y
9.1
40.5
41.6
41.6
41.2 .........
8.0
10.2
7.8
5.4
2.3
3.2
28.6
28.0
9.2
8.2
11.9
12.5
27.8
28.9 .........
3.0
3.7
10.6
11.1
8.0
6.1
2.7
loti
29.4
23.5
6.9
8.0
11.4
9.2
27.0
28.3
58.5
58.2
58.0
58.3
.2
.2
.3
.5
3.4
5.0
5.2
3.7
3.0
2.5
2.1
2.5
.9
1.0
1.2
2.3
7.5
9.4
10.1
9.2
14.4
15.8
16.1
15.7
70.6
66.1
64.9
66.1 .........
4,885
4,764
57.6
57.6
.2
.2
4.2
4.8
4.8
3.5
1.3
1.2
12.6
12.4
7.7
8.1
13.7
13.3
55.5
56.4
/ 1911
253 establishments... \ 1912
Machine hands, male:
1907
62 establishments. . . . 1908
1909
1910
4,456
4,121
57.6
57.4
.1
.1
4.4
4.3
1.8
2.3
2.0
4.5
14.4
17.1
8.3
7.8
12.5
9.4
56.4
.1
54.5 .........
1,508
1,372
1,488
1,580
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.3
3.4
2.9
2.7
2.7
8.2
7.9
7.6
7.0
2.5
19.7
2.4
19.9
2.5 ......... 18.5
2.1
.4 18.6
1.0
10.4
9.9
10.5
9.7
54.8
57.0
58.3
59.6
1910
232 establishments... /\ 1911
5,438
5,363
57.0
56.8
1.0
.7
5.4
8.8
5.3
4.3
1.5
1.9
18.3
15.8
7.2
7.2
11.4
11.9
49.9
49.4
268 establishments. . . /\ 1911
1912
5,615
5,054
56.7
56.2
.7
1.1
8.9
10.5
4.4
3.8
1.8
5.9
16.6
16.4
8.2
9.1
11.1
9.9
48.0
43.1
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,076
945
1,041
1,083
55.6
55.6
55.7
55.5
7.6
7.6
6.6
6.9
5.7
6.3
6.0
5.0
/ 1910
226 establishments... \
1911
3,695
3,553
55.1
55.2
4.4
3.6
/ 1911
267 establishments... \ 1912
Laborers, male:
1907
1908
60 establishments___ 1909
1910
4,131
4,148
55.1
54.8
1,578
1,300
1,451
1,522
/ 1910
224 establishments... \ 1911
62 establishments —
0.9
.2
112
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e Y ___ CLASSIFIED
NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912.
BENCH HANDS: Male.
Year and State.
Aver
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em full
lish ploy time
ments. ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Un
der
48.
48.
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
54.
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
60.
1907.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois...............................
Iowa..................................
3
3
5
7
41
116
99
151
48.0
60.0
56.1
58.0
41
Massachusetts..................
3
4
2
11
43
82
45
200
51.2
52.8
59.6
51.7
20
6
7
6
5
72
93
71
63
56.6
55.1
59.8
56.6
62 1,076
55.6
Michigan........... . ..........
Minnesota,___ T............
New Y ork........................
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania ...................
Wisconsin____
Other States.....................
Total.......................
60
47
23
20
47
82
55
23
16
116
16
88
18
10
15
27
53
21
22
13
13
9
27
58
27
21
115
436
18
17
102
16
68
50
13
9
17
26
47
18
33
21
19
7
12
8
24
59
26
59
266
95
393
71
48
18
24
100
20
79
49
9
8
18
31
48
29
36
26
23
8
14
10
33
67
27
75
298
104
433
26
77
17
148
38
99
8
9
48
203
48
142
147
31
20
22
78
283
36
82
61
1908.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois...............................
Iowa..................................
3
3
5
7
41
102
92
123
48.0
60.0
56.0
58.0
41
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
3
4
2
11
40
80
39
178
51.2
53.2
59.7
51.8
19
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
6
7
6
5
60
70
71
49
56.4
55.5
59.8
57.2
Total.......................
62
945
55.6
58
38
21
22
41
72
23
72
60
1909.
California..........................
3
42 48.0
Georgia.............................
3
100 60.0
Illinois...............................
5
109 55.9
Iowa..................................
151 57.9
7
42
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New York.........................
3
4
2
11
41
88
40
174
51.1
53.1
59.8
51.9
20
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
6
7
6
5
69
96
81
50
56.5
55.3
59.8
57.2
62 1,041
55.7
69
62
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois...............................
Iowa..................................
15
11
29
12
270
189
604
225
48.9
58.9
54.1
58.2
58
106
65
29
22
14
15
475
34
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
15
16
7
35
183 52.0
206 54.4
190 59.8
715 53.9
51
20
71
26
57
29
21
49
io8
67
58
26
Total.......................
21
24
46
69
23
1910.
io6
24
41
Over
60.
113
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
T a b l e V . — CLASSIFIED
NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
BENCH H A N D S : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
A ver
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em full
lish ploy time
ments. ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Un
der
48.
48.
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
54.
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
60.
Over
60.
1910.
Ohio..................................
Pftrmsylvania..........
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
Total.......................
373
421
271
48
55.4
54.9
60.0
57.5
226 3,695
55.1
164
294
289
32
111
59
25
16
14
17
454
72
56
25
60
24
63
29
25
49
222
36
27
19
2
22
136
198
339
25
127
438
332
113 1,215
285
121
23
140
75
33
33
35
13
5
44
25
6
170
189
86
116
45
12
13
20
86 1,056
339
47
54
258
28
441 1,026
19 11.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois...............................
Towa..................................
16
11
31
13
244
190
615
260
49.2
58.9
54.6
57.5
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork.........................
15
16
9
41
204
194
198
736
52.1
54.6
60.0
55.3
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
32
68
15
332
824
334
55.3
54.6
59.9
267 4,131
55.1
Total.......................
91
123
33
23
35
40
35
73
9
150
71
98
11
10
29
188
46
169
153
46
53
26
38
73
308
31
471 1,115
3?
1913.
California..........................
16 300 51.4
Georgia.............................
11
178 58.3
Illinois...............................
31
636 53.8
13 248 57.9
Iowa..................................
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
15
16
9
41
181
204
174
756
51.7
54.7
59.2
52.7
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania................... i
Wisconsin.........................
32
68
15
340
701
430
55.2
54.0
60.0
267 4,148
54.8
Total.......................
9
144
153
144
12
11
27
35
58
62
56
27
171
41
69
32
54
34
29
8
90
54
31
50
201
263
20
131
459
254
419
975
333
338
28
71
23
122
83
102
180
53
140
122
40
42
13
40
71
417
8
382 1,173
L A B O R E R S: Male.
vj
1907.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Iowa.................................
3
3
5
7
37
211
64
286
48.0
60.0
57.3
59.5
37
Massachusetts..................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New York........................
2
4
2
11
17
233
100
80
50.1
57.0
59.7
55.9
11
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States....................
6
6
6
5
37
59
194
260
59.0
58.0
60.0
59.2
60 1,578
58.5
Total.......................
93372°— Bull. 1 2 9 -1 3 -— 8
26
20
6
6
40
3
5
14
18
4
6
8
32
3
53
48
14
118
18
30
211
20
236
112
34
13
75
66
27
14
4
3
19
41
191
228
228 1,114
114
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
V ___ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH YE A R , B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
LABORERS: Male—Continued.
Year and State.
Aver Number of
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em full
lish ploy time Un
48.
ments. ees. hours der
48.
per
week.
Io w a ................................
3
3
5
7
50
211
51
170
48.0
60.0
57.1
59.0
Massachusetts..................
Michigan , ____ ____ ___
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
2
4
2
11
18
215
48
71
50.7
57.6
59.4
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.............
Other States.....................
6
6
6
5
37
56
184
189
59.0
58.0
60.0
58.9
60 1,300
58.2
Total.......................
54.
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
60.
50
14
31
211
15
116
103
27
10
81
21
22
14
5
2
19
38
182
154
1 3 ! 122
206
859
31
33
17
51
220
18
125
99
39
6
101
12
24
15'
4
2
22
53
178
188
233
941
146
107
191
399
79
144
30
97
60
155
145
119
109
22
23
i
10
3
8
6
25
5 i
13
4
6
7
.........I
3
65
32
18
35
1I
1909.
California.........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Iowa..................................
3
3
5
7
62
220
66
209
48.0
60.0
50.9
58.8
62
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
2
4
2
11
16
232
51
78
51.0
57.8
59.2
54.9
8
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
6
6
6
5
41
70
180
226
59.0
58.4
60.0
59.0
60 1,451
58.0
California...........
Georgia.............................
Illinois...............................
Iowa..................................
16
U
27
12
480
494
394
276
54.7
59.0
56.9
59.1
Massachusetts ...............
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
12
16
7
35
213
341
179
544
52.1
57.3
59.7
55.4
Ohio
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.
38
340
233
32
13 1,168
5
223
56.3
56.9
60.0
59.2
Total.......................
224 4,885
57.6
Total.......................
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
!
1908.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
5
8
8
24
6
18
19
4
6
7
38
5
76
31
18
147
I
95
56
1
!
i
I
7
2
7
2
153
23
37
77
35
16
19
9
34
55
67
60
29
62
52
10
108
73
92
48
74
56
13
93
3 1,165
193
64
615
376
667 2,711
1910.
19 11.
10
!
6
138
95
30
10 ! 206
236
;
141
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Iowa
..
.........
17
11
29
13
370
486
405
289
53.7
59.1
56.9
58.8
| 90
|
5
4
9
3
157
39
Massachusetts
Michigan
____ . . . . __
Minnesota. ......................
New Y ork........................
13
15
9
40
135
313
165
443
51.0
57.7
60.0
56.0
|
24
18
13
16
!
4 !
25
13
30
58
63
1
45
32
71
39
92
145
99
100
394
85
148
22
91
14
89
138
151
138
Over
60.
WAGES AND HOUES OF LABOR, 18M TO 1912---- MILLWORK.
T a b le
115
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES. 1907 TO 1912-Continued.
LABORERS: Male—Coticladed.
Year and State.
Aver Number of
age
Num Num nomi
ber of ber of nal
estab em full
lish ploy time Un
48.
ments. ees. hours der
per
48.
week.
employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
54.
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
00.
Over
60.
1911.
Pennsylvania__________
274
33
58 377
15 1,199
56.6
56.0
60.0
Total.......................
253 4,456
57.6
4
2
W i s o o p s i p r____
12
3
5
10
5
98
137
8
112
55
91
29
83
13 1,186
3
197
80
88
642
371
557 2,514
3
91
16
12
114
248
17
68
53
70
3
14
30
18
4
41
15
52
1
29
59
30
46
16
52
14
2
16
28
11
94
109
19
90
40
67
19
92
8 1,197
176
93
186
704
323
388 2,246
1912.
Illinois, - , ____________
Iowa..................................
17
11
29
13
434
354
342
284
53.7
58.7
55.4
58.5
Massachusetts...................
Michipsw__ ____________
Mtppftsota...... - „ _______
New York........................
13
15
9
40
119
198
169
415
52.5
57.3
59.6
56.2
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
262
33
339
58
15 1,205
56.0
56.0
60.0
Total.......................
253 4,121
57.4
California..........................
3
5
116
94
12
99
79
267
27
137
107
153
120
MACHINE HANDS: Male.
1907.
102 48.0
3
California................. ........
80 60.0
Georgia.............................
3
93 57.3
5
Illinois...............................
Iowa..................................
7 296 59.1
Massachusetts..................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
3
4
2
11
30
141
97
198
49.6
57.8
59.6
52.6
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
6
7
6
5
79
97
218
77
56.6
56.7
59.9
56.9
62 1,508
56.9
Total.......................
102
15
58
80
38
203
36
4
107
61
37
15
21
10
13
14
44
205
37
15
157
826
13
49
78
28
157
86
32
6
106
62
33
11
37
23
20
5
11
14
56
206
42
33
273
136
782
40
35
22
25
51
8
9
106
13
29
30
40
51
124
38
297
1908.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Iowa..................................
3
3
5
7
87
78
85
234
48.0
60.0
56.7
59.1
87
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New York........................
3
4
2
11
31
136
94
165
49.9
58.0
59.7
53.0
21
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin........................
Other States.....................
6
7
6
5
71
95
217
79
56.6
57.3
59.9
57.2
62 1,372
57.1
Total.......................
44
28
22
40
10
8
37
40
108
116
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b le
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
M A C H IN E H A N D S ; M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num,
her of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Un
der
48.
48.
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
54.
Over 57
54
and and
under under
CO.
57.
60.
1909.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Iowa..................................
3
3
5
7
88
81
92
288
48.0
60.0
56.8
59.1
88
Massachusetts..................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota........................
New Y ork........................
3
4
2
11
35
142
90
165
49.7
57.8
59.6
53.1
25
Ohio..................................
Pen nsylvartia...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
6
7
6
5
76
97
240
94
56.8
57.6
59.9
57.4
62 1,488
57.2
1910.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois..............................
Iowa............... . ................
16
11
29
12
351
264
517
391
52.2
58.8
55.2
58.9
157
60
17
21
10
11
322
35
Massachusetts..................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork........................
15
16
7
35
283
298
256
730
52.4
57.8
59.8
54.9
62
72
27
29
32
8
42
64
60
99
146
33
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
38
482
35
391
13 1,386
5
89
55.8
55.9
60.0
57.5
118
70
69
77
102
30
11 1,375
52
Total.......................
232 5,438
57.0
392
621 2,716
Total.......................
46
32
40
81
10
37
21
37
275 |
40
52
113
33
7
107
57
37
19
7
13
20
59
227
54
156
867
75
125
89
199
72
220
46
15
59
183
184
197
157
45
65
10
26
3
192
176
296
289
79
993
78
19
9
11
316
45
28
32
13
47
64
40
70
37
52
81
30
195
10
8
27
40
16
61
Over
60.
1911.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois...............................
Iowa..................................
17
11
31
13
392
281
515
409
51.2
58.8
55.7
58.8
200
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
Minnesota.........................
New Y ork ........................
15
16
9
41
237
315
267
732
52.1
57.7
60.0
54.6
63
45
30
191
25
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.......................
33
424
67
685
15 1,358
55.6
55.0
60.0
21
27
52
25
26
176
267
52
159
72
78
83
57
23 1,335
14
Total.......................
268 5,615
56.7
39
502
249
99
934
459
626 2,693
14
200
32
11
13
186
no
33
111
64
57
9
55
65
30
44
13
182
22
60
68
53
24
51
18
65
31
68
44
155
241
33
176
72
55
52
77
11 1,011
531
193
298
831
462
502 2,180
1912.
California..........................
Georgia.............................
Illinois....................
Iowa..................................
17
11
31
13
411
248
475
363
51.8
58.1
54.7
58.7
Massachusetts...................
Michigan.........................
Minnesota......................
New Y ork.....................
15
16
9
41
232
252
255
709
51.8
57.3
59.6
54.4
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin............
33
401
686
67
15 1,022
55.5
54.6
60.0
268 5,054
56.2
Total.........
39
48
57
45
67
87
140
69
214
84
213
22
15
17
187
193
250
180
74
104
16
190
69
158
71
195
140
231
156
117
WAGES AND HOTJBS OF LABOR, 1800 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
T a b l e V I . —CLASSIFIED
NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF W ORK PER
W E E K IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
Aver
hours per week were—
age
nomi
nal
Over 57
Over 51
full
54
48
and
time Un
and
and and
54.
un
48.
un
60. Over
hours der
un
un
60.
der
48.
der
per
der
der
54.
60.
week.
51.
57.
BENCH HANDS, MALE.
California:
41
41
42
36
1907
1908
1909
1910
41
41
42
3b
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
/ 1910
15 establishments___ \ 1911
270
214
48.9
49.4
58
32
106
81
65
59
24
33
17
9
1911
1912
244
300
49.2
51.4
32
111
144
59
12
33
121
9
23
1907
1908
1909
1910
116
102
100
94
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
J 1910
11 establishments___ \ 1911
189
190
58.9
58.9
1911
1912
190
178
58.9
58.3
23
1907
1908
1909
1910
99
92
109
125
56.1
56.0
55.9
55.1
23
18
18
16
16
20
26
j 1910
604
532
54.1
54.2
/ 1911
31 establishments___ \ 1912
Iowa:
1907
1908
7 establishments........ 1909
1910
615
636
54.6
53.8
151
123
151
147
58.0
58.0
57.9
58.4
/ 1910
12 establishments___ \ 1911
225
2^0
58.2
58.0
/ 1911
13 establishments___ \ 1912
Massachusetts:
f 1907
I 1908
3 establishments
| 1909
I 1910
260
248
57.5
57.9
43
40
41
39
51.2
51.2
51.1
51.2
20
19
20
18
/ 1910
15 establishments___ \ 1911
183
197
52.0
52.1
51
56
20
20
26
24
57
63
21
25
8
9
/ 1911
15 establishments___ \ 1912
Michigan:
1907
1908
4 establishments
' 1909
. 1910
204
181
52.1
51.7
56
35
25
58
24
63
56
25
32
11
82
80
88
105
52.8
53.2
53.1
52.6
47
41
46
60
20
22
24
29
1910
16 establishments___ /1 1911
206
196
54.4
54.7
71
60
29
29
49
49
9
10
48
48
194 54.6
204 54.7
60
62
29
27
49
54
10
8
46
53
3 establishments........
/
16 establishments___ \
Georgia:
f
J
3 establishments........ 1
I
/
11 establishments___ \
Illinois:
f
J
5 establishments........ 1
I
29 establishments___ \ 1911
16 establishments___
/ 1911
1 1912
116
102
100
94
9
41
40
148
150
40
33
150
122
11
60
58
71
88
29
25
22
16
14
14
475
413
26
35
38
29
25
11
16
27
14
338
454
140
35
28
71
83
47
38
48
34
16
17
24
29
88
68
79
84
15
17
34
42
77
73
99
98
17
72
75
73
71
98
102
23
21
21
21
15
17
18
16
BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU
118
T able
OF
LABOR STATISTICS.
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
Aver
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Over 51
Over
Year. em full
57
48
54
and
and
ploy time Un
and
Over
and
un
der
54.
ees. hours
60.
un
un un
der
48.
der
per
der
der
54.
week.
60.
57.
51.
BENCH HANDS, MALE—
concluded.
Minnesota:
2 establishments........
1907
1908
1909
1910
45
39
40
59
59.6
59.7
59.8
59.6
7 establishments........
1910
1911
190
170
59.8
59.9
1911
1912
198
174
60.0
59.2
11 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
200
178
174
172
51.7
51.8
51.9
51.6
75
35 establishments___
1910
1911
715
668
53.9
53.4
106
95
108
199
58
19
203
189
147
138
1911
1912
736
756
53.3
52.7
91
144
222
171
27
69
188
180
153
122
1907
1908
1909
1910
72
60
69
76
56.6
56.4
56.5
56.6
20
6 establishments........
33
33
26
22
19
23
23
33 establishments..
1910
1911
3"3
380
55.4
55.4
170
174
1911
1912
332
340
55.3
55.2
201
7 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
93
70
96
100
55.1
55.5
55.3
54.3
31
18
29
44
35 establishments___
1910
1911
421
416
54.9
55.1
44
28
1911
1912
824
701
54.6
54.0
136
54
6 establishments........
1907
1908
1909
1910
71
71
81
82
59.8
59.8
59.8
59.8
13 establishments..
1910
1911
271
306
60.0
60.0
258
291
15 establishments..
1911
1912
334
430
59.9
60.0
308
417
3 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
37
50
62
45
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
16 establishments.
1910
1911
480
488
54.7
55.2
17 establishments.
1911
1912
370
434
53.7
53.7
9 establishments........
New York:
41 establishments . . .
Ohio:
32 establishments..
Pennsylvania:
68 establishments___
Wisconsin:
21
27
26
31
38
142
126
29
140
34
55
50
49
40
53
47
48
50
16
198
116
28
202
339
263
127
131
39
LABORERS, MALE.
California:
16
138
123
191
224
141
248
100
79
119
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
T a b le
V I ___ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
Aver
hours per week were—
age
nomi
ber of nal
Over 51
Over 57
Year. em full
48
54
ploy time Un
and
and
and
and un
der
48.
un
ees. hours
54.
60. Over
un
un
60.
48.
per
der
der
der
der
week.
54.
60.
State, and number of
establishments.
51.
57.
LABORERS, MALE—COntd.
Georgia:
1907
1908
3 establishments........ ' 1909
1910
211
211
220
236
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
/ 1910
11 establishments----- I 1911
494
486
59.0
59.1
/ 1911
486
354
59.1
58.7
17
1907
1908
5 establishments........ ' 1909
1910
64
51
66
66
57.3
57.1
56.9
56.1
18
14
17
20
15
18
25
/ 1910
27 establishments----- \
1911
394
401
56.9
56.9
/ 1911
\ 1912
405
342
56.9
55.4
1907
1908
1909
1910
286
170
209
232
59.5
59.0
58.8
59.1
12 establishments----- / 1910
I 1911
276
271
59.1
59.1
/ 1911
13 establishments___ I 1912
Massachusetts:
289
284
58.8
58.5
1907
1908
1909
. 1910
17
18
16
23
50.1
50.7
51.0
51.9
11
10
8
8
1910
12 establishments___ /X 1911
213
206
52.1
52.5
37
24
77
75
16
16
19
23
34
36
30
32
/ 1911
13 establishments___
I 1912
Michigan:
135
119
51.0
52.5
24
14
18
30
16
4
25
41
30
30
22
f 1907
4 establishments........ 1 1908
| 1909
I 1910
233
215
232
225
57.0
57.6
57.8
57.5
40
25
24
32
6
6
8
9
16 establishments___ / 1910
\ 1911
341
322
57.3
57.8
35
13
9
13
15 establishments___ / 1911
\ 1912
Minnesota:
313
198
57.7
57.3
13
18
13
15
1907
1908
1909
1910
100
48
51
62
59.7
59.4
59.2
59.4
7 establishments....... / 1910
\ 1911
179
147
59.7
58.9
36
9 establishments.. .. / 1911
\ 1912
165
169
60.0
59.6
16
11 establishments----- \ 1912
Illinois:
29 establishments-----
Iowa:
f
7 establishments....... 1
1
I
2 establishments........
2 establishments
211
211
220
236
2
5
3
95
92
399
394
92
70
394
267
6
26
22
31
35
7
5
9
13
153
154
146
145
79
84
4
12
9
114
157
68
145
116
85
27
20
23
33
23
30
31
51
80
236
116
125
129
2
3
23
21
107
99
144
148
3
39
53
99
94
148
137
6
8
8
15
112
103
99
82
75
81
101
102
55
58
97
91
145
147
58
46
91
12
138
107
34
27
39
40
66
21
12
22
60
14
119
97
14
151
153
120
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able Y I __ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
Average#
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Num
ber of nal
em full
ploy time Un
ees. hours der
48.
per
week.
48.
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
51
and
un
der
54.
£4.
Over 57
54
and and
un un
der
der
CO.
57.
CO.
LABORERS, MALE— c o n
clu d e d .
New York:
1907
1908
1909
. 1910
80
71
78
95
55.9
55.5
54.9
55.0
3
3
5
7
5
5
6
4
/ 1910
35 establishments___ \ 1911
544
527
55.4
55.6
10
10
67
101
/ 1911
40 establishments----- \ 1912
Ohio:
1907
1908
6 establishments........ 1909
1910
443
415
56.0
56.2
4
3
63
52
37
37
41
39
59.0
59.0
59.0
59.2
/ 1910
38 establishments___ \ 1911
340
342
56.3
56.3
12
10
13
108
87
/ 1911
33 establishments___ \ 1912
Pennsylvania:
f 1907
1 1908
6 establishments. . . . . ) 1909
I 1910
274
262
56.6
56.0
12
14
10
28
98
94
59
56
70
82
58.0
58.0
58.4
58.5
8
7
7
6
/ 1910
32 establishments___ \ 1911
233
253
56.9
57.1
6
5
5
73
77
/ 1911
58 establishments___ \ 1912
Wisconsin:
1907
6 establishments........ ' 1908
1909
1910
377
339
56.0
56.0
5
16
5
11
137
109
194
184
180
194
/ 1910
13 establishments___ \ 1911
/ 1911
lo establishments___ \ 1912
13
10
6
7
27
22
24
31
52
40
155
175
109
177
71
52
89
99
138
120
14
14
15
15
19
19
22
21
92
84
56
55
74
91
8
19
55
40
91
67
4
5
4
12
41
38
53
56
48
42
13
19
93
105
112
90
29
19
83
92
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
3
2
2
3
191
182
178
191
1,168
1,099
60.0
60.0
3 1,165
2 1,097
1,199
1,205
60.0
60.0
1907
1908
1909
1910
102
87
88
86
48.0
48.0
48.0
48.0
102
87
88
86
/ 1910
16 establishments___ \ 1911
351
388
52.2
52.0
157
172
60
78
45
45
89
93
1911
17 establishments___ /\ 1912
Georgia:
( 1907
J 1908
3 establishments........ 1
1909
I 1910
392
411
51.2
51.8
200
200
78
32
45
110
69
69
80
78
81
86
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
11 establishments___ /\ 1910
1911
264
276
58.8
58.9
1911
11 establishments___ /\ 1912
281
243
58.8
58.1
11 establishments-----
14
13
18
29
18
18
19
17
60
16
29
13
62
55
1
1
45
29
32
59
4
4
4
3
3
2
6
6
6
8
•
13 1,186
8 1,197
MACHINE HANDS, MALE .
California:
3 establishments........
80
78
81
86
33
65
62
199
214
67
57
214
158
Over
60.
121
WAGES AND HOUES OP LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— MILLWORK.
T a b le
V I . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
Aver
hours per week were—
age
Num nomi
nal
Over 51
of full
Over 57
Year. ber
em time
48
54
Un
and
and
and and
ploy hours der
48.
C4.
CO. Over
un un
un un
CO.
ees. per
48.
der
der
der
der
£4.
week.
CO.51.
57.
MACHINE HANDS, MALE—
continued.
Illinois:
f
J
5 establishments........ i
I
1910
93
85
92
132
57 3
56 7
56.8
56 5
/ 1910
29 establishments___ \ 1911
517
487
55 2
55 ?
/ 1911
31 establishments----- \ 1912
Iowa:
{ 1907
J 1903
7 establishments........ 1 1909
I 1910
515
475
54 7
296
234
288
318
59 1.
59 1
/ 1910
12 establishments___ \ 1911
391
396
58 9
58 9
( 1911
13 establishments----- \ 1912
Massachusetts:
1907
1908
3 establishments........ 1909
1910
409
363
58 8
58.7
30
31
35
36
49.6
49.9
49.7
50.0
22
21
25
24
/ 1910
15 establishments----- \ 1911
283
290
52.4
52.4
62
63
72
73
29
28
32
32
42
47
46
47
1911
1912
237
232
52.1
51.8
63
55
45
65
28
32
44
47
G8
22
1907
1908
1909
1910
141
136
142
140
57.8
58.0
57.8
58.0
25
22
27
23
9
8
8
8
f 1910
16 establishments___ \ 1911
298
321
57.8
57.5
27
33
8
13
64
64
15
15
184
191
1911
1912
315
252
57.7
57.3
30
30
13
13
64
53
15
16
193
140
1907
1908
1909
1910
97
94
90
87
59.6
59.7
59.6
59.6
36
32
33
35
61
62
57
52
( 1910
7 establishments........ \ 1911
256
248
59.8
59.3
59
53
197
195
1911
9 establishments........ /\ 1912
New York:
1907
1908
11 establishments___
1909
1910
267
255
60.0
59.6
17
250
231
198
165
165
171
52.6
53.0
53.1
53.3
51
40
40
42
4
6
7
8
37
33
37
42
1910
35 establishments.-... /\ 1911
730
683
54.9
54.4
52
39
60
201
99
13
146
54
33
33
183
171
157
172
/ 1911
41 establishments.. . . \
1912
Ohio:
f 1907
J 1908
6 establishments........ i 1909
1910
for FRASER
732
709
54.6
54.4
39
48
191
182
25
22
40
60
70
51
187
190
180
156
79
71
76
82
56.6
56.6
56.8
57.1
29
37
37
35
15
21
20
19
25
14
14
20
22
/
15 establishments___ {
Michigan:
f
J
4 establishments........ i
I
/
1C establishments___ \
Minnesota:
f
J
2 establishments........ 1
I
Digitized
1907
1903
1909
9
7
40
44
46
67
17
15
21
19
10
9
322
303
75
87
72
54
11
19
13
9
186
316
111
87
74
84
71
35
28
32
35
58
49
61
68
203
157
195
215
11
11
35
32
125
140
220
213
11
45
64
140
104
213
195
59 1
59 1
15
13
10
38
23
30
53
8
10
10
12
107
106
107
109
24
106
86
81
79
122
T a b le
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH STATE, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
Number of
Average
Num nomi
ber o f nal
em- full
ploy- time Un
48.
hours der
per
48.
week.
State, and number of
establishments.
employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Over
48
and
un
der
51.
Over 57
54
and and
un un
der
der
60.
57.
51
and
un
der
54.
Over
MACHINE HANDS, M ALE—
concluded.
Ohio—Concluded.
38 establishments___
1910
1911
488
50.8
55.5
192
161
1911
1912
424
401
55.6
55.5
176
155
1907
1808
1909
1910
97
95
97
110
56.7
57.3
57. S
30
23
21
21
59
73
1910
1911
391
385
55.9
55.9
176
170
102
103
1911
, 1912
685
686
55.0
54.6
267
241
6 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
, 1910
218
217
240
243
59.9
59.9
60.0
205
206
227
232
13 establishments.
1910
. 1911
1.386
1,297
60.0
60.0
1,375
1,283
15 establishments.
r 1911
k 1912
1,358
1,022
60.0
60.0
1,335
1,011
33 establishments___
Pennsylvania:
7 establishments.
35 establishments..
67 establishments.
Wisconsin:
118
130
159
176
83
77
14
F U R N IT U R E
M A N U F A C T U R IN G .
GENERAL SUMMARY.
This study of wages and hours of labor in furniture manufacturing
shows rates of wages per hour and nominal full-time hours per week
for the years 1907 to 1912, inclusive, and in addition it summarizes
data published in previous reports1 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
and thus furnishes a comparison for the 23-year period, 1890 to 1912,
inclusive.
This present report and also previous reports show wages and hours
of labor for each of the most important occupations in furniture
manufacturing, but do not show data for all the occupations in the
industry. The occupations for which data are shown in this report
are cabinetmakers, hand carvers, chair assemblers, finishers, machine
hands, upholsterers, and veneerers, and these seven occupations
include almost three-fifths of the total employees.
Comparing 1912 with certain other years the changes in nominal
full-time hours per week, as shown by combining the principal
occupations, were as follows:
1912 compared
1912 compared
1912 compared
1912 compared
1912 compared
with
with
with
with
with
1890..............................................
1895..............................................
1900..............................................
1905..............................................
1910..............................................
7.3
5.9
6.3
2.8
1.3
per
per
per
per
per
cent decline.
cent decline.
cent decline.
cent decline.
cent decline.
The changes in nominal full-time hours per week for each of the
principal occupations of the industry during the period from 1907
to 1912, inclusive, are shown in the table which follows:
PER CENT OF DECREASE IN NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K : 1912 COMPARED
W ITH EACH OF THE 5 Y EA R S PRECEDING.
Per cent lower in 1912 than in—
ucoupauou.
1907
Cabinetmakers................................................................................
Carvers, hand.................................................................................
Chair assemblers.............................................................................
Finishers.........................................................................................
Machine hands...............................................................................
Upholsterers....................................................................................
Veneerers.........................................................................................
Total......................................................................................
0.7
2.8
(3)
1.5
2.7
.8
(3>
1.9
1908
1.5
S. 3
(3)
1.8
2.6
.5
(3)
2.1
1909
1.2
.6
(3)
1.5
2.3
1.1
(3)
1.7
1910
0.9
.1
.4
1.5
1911
0.3
(*)
.9
.6
1.4
1.1
.7
1.5
.5
.7
1.3
.6
1 Previous reports of wages and hours of labor in furniture manufacturing have been published by the
Bureau as follows: Nineteenth Annual Report, covering 1890 to 1908; Bulletin No. 59 (July, 1905), covering
1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. 65 (July, 1906), covering 1904 and 1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July, 1907), covering
1905 and 1906; and Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906 and 1907.
2 Increase of 0.2 per cent.
8 No data.
123
124
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Comparing 1912 with certain other years, the changes in rates of
wages per hour, as shown by combining the principal occupations,
were as follows:
1912 compared with 1890........................................ 34.4 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1895.......................................... 38.0 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1900.......................................... 31.9 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1905.......................................... 11.7 per cent advance.
1912 compared with 1910.......................................... 3.5 per cent advance.
The changes in rates of wages per hour for each of the principal
occupations of the industry during the period from 1907 to 1912,
f lclusive, are shown in the table which follows:
PER CENT OF INCREASE IN RATES OF W AGES PER HOUR: 1912 COMPARED W ITH
EACH OF THE 5 Y EARS PRECEDING.
Per cent higher in 1912 than in—
Occupation.
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
Cabinetmakers................................................................................
Carvers, hand.................................................................................
Chair assemblers.............................................................................
Finishers.........................................................................................
1.5
13.1
(2)
4.0
3.9
12.1
(2)
1.9
4.7
7.7
(2)
5.0
0.5
4.0
6.7
2.9
Machine hands................................................................................
Upholsterers....................................................................................
Veneerers.........................................................................................
8.5
11.5
(2)
8.4
12.5
(2)
7.3
13.0
(2)
4.8
7.6
7.5
2.7
2.4
6.1
Total......................................................................................
0.1
G.O
6.6
3.5
2.3
i Decrease of 0.2 per cent.
0)
1.0
1.9
3.0
* No data.
The next table shows for the industry the course of nominal full
time hours per week and the rates of wages per hour during the
23-year period from 1890 to 1912. The occupations combined were
cabinetmakers, hand carvers, finishers, machine woodworkers, band
sawyers, circular sawyers, jig sawyers, upholsterers, and varnishers,
during 1890 to 1904. The same occupations were included in 1904
to 1907, except that finishers and varnishers were combined beginning
with 1904 and band sawyers, circular sawyers, and jig sawyers were
combined as sawyers beginning with 1907. For 1907 to 1911 all
occupations were continued, but machine woodworkers and sawyers
were combined as machine hands. For 1911 and 1912 the occupations
are cabinetmakers, hand carvers, chair assemblers, finishers (including
varnishers), machine hands, upholsterers, and veneerers. While the
nomenclature of the occupations has changed somewhat, yet no
type of employees included during the earlier period has been
dropped.
In combining the relatives for the principal occupations to deter
mine the relative for the industry shown in the table which follows,
the relatives for each occupation were weighted according to the
number of employees reported each year. This weighting causes the
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912 — FURNITURE.
125
figures for 1890 to 1907 to differ slightly from those shown for the in
dustry in Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), where the relative for the
industry was a simple average of occupation relatives. Under these
two methods the difference in relative hours does not exceed 1 per
cent in any of the 18 years, and the difference in relative wages does
not exceed 1 per cent in 13 of the 18 years, the greatest difference
being slightly less than 3 per cent. The base used in computing
the relatives in this table is the average for the 10-year period, 1890
to 1899.
R E LATIVE NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND R E LA T IV E RATES OF
WAGES P E R HOUR IN FU RNITU RE MANUFACTURING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 53 establishments, 1890-1903; 61 establishments, 1903, 1904; 63 establishments,
1904, 1905; 63 establishments, 1905, 1906; 67 establishments, 1906, 1907; 52 establishments, 1907-1910;
123 establishments, 1910,1911; and 199 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Year.
Relative
nominal
full-time
hours per
week.
Relative
rate of
wages per
hour.
Average, 1890-1899 ...........................
100.0
100.0
1890......................................................
1891......................................................
1892......................................................
1893......................................................
1894......................................................
101.3
100.7
99.8
99.9
98.2
100.5
101.5
102.5
101.1
99.4
1895......................................................
1896......................................................
1897......................................................
1898......................................................
1899......................................................
99.8
100.0
99.6
100.4
100.3
97.9
97.7
100.2
98.0
102.0
1900......................................................
1901......................................................
1902......................................................
1903......................................................
1904......................................................
100.2
99.3
98.3
98.1
97.3
102.4
107.3
114.1
115.2
117.5
1905......................................................
1906......................................................
1907......................................................
1908......................................................
1909......................................................
96.6
95.8
95.7
95.9
95.5
121.0
125.7
127.3
127.5
126.7
1910......................................................
1911......................................................
1912......................................................
95.1
94.5
93.9
130.5
132.1
135.1
The table which follows shows, for each of the principal occupa
tions in the industry, relative nominal full-time hours per week and
relative rates of wages per hour during the 23-year period 1890 to
1912. As already indicated, certain changes have been made in
nomenclature of occupations, thus, beginning with 1907, band saw
yers, circular sawyers, and jig sawyers were combined as sawyers;
and beginning with 1907 machine woodworkers and sawyers were
combined as machine hands. The base used for computing the rela
tives for each occupation, except as noted, is the average of the 10year period 1890 to 1899.
126
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
R E LA T IV E NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K AND R E LA T IV E R ATES OF
W AGES PER HOUR IN THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FUR NITU R E MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912.
[Data are included from 58 establishments, 1890-1903; 61 establishments, 1903, 1904; 63 establishments,
1904,1905; 63 establishments, 1905, 1906; 67 establishments, 1906, 1907; 52 establishments, 1907-1910; 128
establishments, 1910,1911; and 199 establishments, 1911,1912.]
Cabinetmakers, Carvers, hand,
male.
male.
Finishers,1
male.
Varnishers,1
male.
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.0
103.2
113.7
97.7
95.6
100.8
100.5
99.4
98.8
98.3
97.6
104.6
100.9
102.1
99.4
101.5
100.8
100.3
99.8
97.6
97.7
99.2
98.3
99.2
100.2
102.2
101.6
99.5
99.8
96.4
84.6
95.2
101.0
99.7
112.3
98.5
100.7
100.5
100.7
101.7
96.8
100.1
100.3
98.3
99.9
100.2
100.3
99.3
100.5
99.7
97.3
94.6
105.5
98.1
109.9
100.4
107.2
115.1
116.9
119.0
101.2
99.4
97.2
99.8
97.3
102.2
112.3
119.0
112.7
115.9
100.2
98.0
95.4
94.1
94.8
102.3
115.8
127.7
141.3
137.9
99.9
99.5
98.3
98.6
97.7
106.3
109.7
117.1
112.4
114.4
95.3
93.4
93.7
94.4
94.1
122.2
128.5
128.5
125.5
124.6
97.2
97.3
98.4
98.9
96.2
116.7
120.7
120.7
121.8
126.7
93.8
93.3
93.0
129.8
130.6
130.4
95.7
95.4
95.6
131.2 2 100.0 2 100.0
135.1 2100.5 2104.7
136.5 2 99.6 2 106.7
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
Average, 1890-1899..
100.0
100.0
100.0
1890.........................
1891.......... ...............
1892...........................
1893...........................
1894...........................
101.2
100.5
99.7
99.4
98.4
101.8
102.3
104.5
103.6
100.1
103.1
99.8
96.0
102.6
99.2
1895...........................
1896.........................
1897...........................
1898.........................
1899...........................
99.8
99.8
99.8
100.7
100.4
98.2
97.2
98.1
95.7
98.6
1900...........................
1901...........................
1902...........................
1903...........................
1904...........................
99.9
98.3
96.8
96.7
95.9
1905...........................
1906...........................
1907...........................
1908...........................
1909...........................
1910...........................
1911...........................
1912...........................
Year.
Chair assem
blers, male.
Rela
tive
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
I
Rela
tive
rate of
wages
per
hour.
i
1 Employees reported separately as finishers and varnishers for 1890 to 1904 are reported as finishers for
subsequent years.
2 Data for 1890 to 1909 not available; computed with 1910= 100.0.
WAGES A2TD HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— FURNITURE.
127
R E LA T IV E NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND R E L A T IV E R A TE S OF
WAGES P E R HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FU R N IT U R E MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912—Continued.
Finishers1 (in Machine wood Sawyers, band,8 Sawyers, circu
cluding var
male.
lar, 4male.
nishers), male. workers,2male.
Year.
Rela
tive
nominal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Sawyers, jig,
male.
Rela
Rela
Rela
Rela
tive
Rela
tive
Rela
Rela
Rela
tive
Rela
tive
nominal
tive
nominal tive nominal tive
tive nominal
tive
rate of full
rate of full
rate of full
rate of
rate of full
wages time
wages time
wages time
wages
wages time
per
per
per
per
hours
per
hours
hours
hours
per
hour.
per
hour.
per
hour.
per
hour.
hour.
week.
week.
week.
week.
Average, 1890-1899..
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1890...........................
1891...........................
1892...........................
1893...........................
1894...........................
101.4
101.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
100.7
101.1
101.4
99.8
98.6
301.4
100.3
99.5
100.5
96.3
105.2
102.6
102.7
101.2
99.1
100.5
100.4
100.3
100.3
96.2
101.7
102.2
102.6
102.0
97.9
100.4
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
92.9
100.5
98.6
100.9
100.9
1895...........................
1896...........................
1897...........................
1898...........................
1899...........................
99.4
99.9
99.3
100.2
100.8
98.6
99.2
100.4
99.5
101.1
99.3
100.8
100.0
100.0
101.9
98.8
97.7
98.4
97.1
97.5
100.4
100.3
100.5
100.3
100.8
98.7
98.0
99.4
98.4
99.2
100.1
100.1
100.1
100.1
98.9
100.3
98.6
101.9
100.9
104.4
1900...........................
1901...........................
1902...........................
1903...........................
1904...........................
100.8
101.1
100.6
100.3
99.7
102.1
103.0
108.7
112.2
111.1
101.3
100.8
100.8
100.7
99.6
100.5
103.7
104.4
105.8
109.5
99.9
99.3
98.9
99.1
98.5
102.9
107.1
111.4
113.4
113.9
95.7
94.6
93.1
93.1
92.3
107.6
113.8
124.1
124.1
132.5
99.6
99.1
99.1
114.5
119.0
122.1
99.4
99.4
111.7
114.1
98.4
98.0
117.6
122.1
92.0
91.0
133.1
131.2
596.4 6124.6
1905...........................
1906...........................
1907...........................
1908...........................
1909...........................
96.2
95.7
95.5
95.8
95.5
127.1
130.5
131.0
133.7
129.8
1910...........................
1911...........................
1912...........................
95.5
94.7
94.1
132.5
132.3
136.3
----
1 This occupation includes employees reported separately as finishers and varnishers for 1890 to 1904.
2 Employees reported as machine woodworkers for 1890 to 1907 are reported as machine hands for
subsequent years.
a Employees reported as band sawyers for 1890 to 1906 are reported as sawyers for 1907 and as machine
hands for subsequent years.
* Employees reported as circular sawyers and jig sawyers for 1890 to 1906 are reported as sawyers for
1907 and as machine hands for subsequent years.
5 Average of relatives of finishers and varnishers, computed b y weighting the relatives for each of those
occupations according to the numb3r of employees reported in 1904.
128
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
R E LA TIV E NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS PE R W E E K AND R E LA T IV E RATES OF
W AGES PE R HOUR IN THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FURNITURE MANUFAC
TURING, 1890 TO 1912—Concluded.
Sawyers,1 male.
Year.
Machine hands,2
male.
Relative Relative Relative Relative
nominal
nominal rate of
rate of full-time
full-time wages
per
per
hours per wages
hours per
hour.
hour.
week.
week.
Upholsterers, male.
Relative Relative Relative Relative
nominal rate of nominal rate of
full-time
per full-time wages per
hoursper wages
per
hour. hoars
hour.
week.
week.
100.0
100.0
1890...........................
1891...........................
1892...........................
1893...........................
1894...........................
100.5
100.3
99.9
100.3
100.2
99.4
101.4
100.2
98.2
100.6
1895...........................
1896...........................
1897 ..........................
1898...........................
1899...........................
100.1
99.7
99.7
99.7
99.6
99.9
98.1
97.6
100.6
104.0
1900...........................
1901...........................
1902...........................
1903...........................
1904...........................
98.3
94.4
94.9
92.1
91.3
106.0
121.1
125.2
125.3
125.1
123.1
123.2
124.5
91.7
91.5
91.3
91.1
91.6
126.2
130.0
131.8
130.6
130.0
127.5
130.1
133.6
91.6
91.1
90.6
136.5
143.5
146.9
Average, 1890-1899..
1905...........................
1906...........................
1907...........................
1908...........................
1909...........................
1910...........................
1911...........................
1912...........................
100.0
96.0
100.0
125.6
100.0
3
98.2
98.0
97.7
96.9
96.2
95.5
100.0
3
Veneerers, male.
4100.0
499.2
498.5
4100.0
4 101.3
4 107.5
1This occupation includes employees reported as band sawyers, circular sawyers, and jig sawyers, 1890
to 1906.
2 This occupation includes employees reported as machine woodworkers, band sawyers, circular sawyers
and jig sawyers, 1890 to 1906, and as machine woodworkers and sawyers for 1907.
3Average of relatives of machine woodworkers and sawyers, computed by weighting the relatives for
each of those occupations according to the number of employees reported in 1907.
4Data for 1890 to 1909 not available; computed with 1910*100.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912 — FURNITURE.
129
The most significant facts concerning nominal full-time working
hours per week and rates of wages per hour in each of the principal
occupations of the industry are shown for 1907 to 1912 in the two
tables which follow.
Owing to the difficulty in finding records for past years, and also
owing to the great amount of work involved, data for 1907 to 1909
were secured from only a limited number of establishments.
In order, however, to permit of a true comparison of data from year
to year, information was secured from identical establishments for
1907 to 1910, and when the work was enlarged in 1911 data were
secured for both 1910 and 1911 from the additional establishments,
and when the work was again enlarged in 1912 data were secured
for both 1911 and 1912 from the additional establishments. The data
are for the pay-roll period ending nearest May 15 each year, or if paid
only once a month, for the May pay roll, except for a very few estab
lishments where conditions in May were particularly abnormal.
The first table shows data concerning nominal full-time hours per
week and the second data concerning rates of wages per hour. A
number of establishments included in the hour table are omitted from
the wage table, for the reason that records for those establishments
were not available in such shape that the Bureau could present classi
fied rates of wages.
93372°— Bull. 129— 13------ 9
130
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME W ORKING HOURS PER W E E K
IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING,
1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
Aver-
Occupation, sex, and number of
establishments.
Cabinetmakers, male:
Year.
Per cent of employees whose nominal full
time working hours per week were—
Num nal full
time
ber of
em
work
ing
Under
ployees.
hours
54.
per
week.
54.
Over
54 and
under
60.
60.
Over
60.
50 establishments.,
1907
1908
1909
1910
890
632
771
862
56.7
57.1
56.9
56.7
15.5
13.0
13.5
10.7
17.5
15.7
15.7
17.9
20.2
27.7
28.9
34.2
46.9
43.5
41.8
37.2
115 establishments.
1910
1911
1,801
1,846
58.0
57.7
6.9
7.7
8.9
6.2
26.6
37.0
56.6
47.8
0.9
1.3
1911
1912
2,455
2,427
58.3
58.1
5.9
5.6
4.4
4.4
31.6
33.4
57.2
55.7
1.0
.9
25 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
169
127
151
148
54.2
54.5
53.0
52.7
29.6
28.3
35.1
39.2
29.0
26.0
31.8
32.4
17.8
28.3
21.9
17.6
23.7
17.3
11.3
10.8
65 establishments.
1910
1911
315
345
55.7
55.5
18.3
22.3
16.5
13.0
28.0
31.0
36.8
33.3
.3
.3
1911
L1912
367
334
56.2
56.3
13.2
18.0
17.4
12.0
31.1
30.6
38.1
39.2
.3
.3
r 1910
i 1911
165
141
57.7
5S.0
75.7
67.4
24.2
32.6
r 1911
I 1912
227
237
58.3
57.8
2.2
6.7
49.4
51.5
48.5
41.8
52 establishments.
' 1907
1908
1€09
1 1910
1,217
927
1,127
1,164
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.3
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.5
21.0
17.7
17.7
18.0
34.8
38.8
39.9
42.4
40.2
39.7
38.5
36.0
128 establishments........
r 1910
L 1911
3,132
3,206
58.5
58.0
2.0
2.8
6.8
7.0
32.7
43.0
57.1
45.9
1.3
1.2
f 1911
L1912
4,407
4,357
58.5
58.1
1.9
3.7
4.6
4.8
34.8
39.0
57.9
51.7
.9
.8
51 establishments.
' 1907
1908
1909
. 1910
1,347
1,047
1,153
1.239
58.2
58.1
57.9
57.4
3.7
5.1
4.5
4.0
10.0
9.3
10.1
10.3
32.6
37.2
38.8
47.1
53.7
48.5
46.6
38.7
121 establishments.
r 1910
k 1911
3,151
3,107
58.7
58.3
2.0
3.0
4.3
3.5
34.0
42.3
57.7
48.8
2.2
2.5
r 1911
L1912
4,855
4,797
58.8
58.4
2.0
2.4
2.2
3.2
33.6
36.5
60.7
56.2
1.6
1.7
19 establishments.,
' 1907
1908
1909
. 1910
383
310
307
325
53.6
53.5
53.8
53.8
26.4
27.1
26.4
23.1
53.3
52.6
52.4
53.5
12.0
17.1
17.9
18.8
38 establishments .
' 1910
k 1911
501
518
55.0
54.7
15.0
21.1
43.1
44.6
22.4
19.1
19.6
15.3
8.6
13.7
41.8
34.8
29.8
33.4
19.9
18.1
.3
.3
40.5
50.5
55.9
44.2
3.3
5.0
.2
.5
43.5
44.7
52.3
51.6
3.7
2.2
169 establishments.
Carvers, hand, male:
76 establishments. . .
Chair assemblers, male:
6 establishments
15 establishments.
Finishers, male:
192 establishments.
Machine hands, male:
192 establishments..
Upholsterers, male:
49 establishments.,
Veneerers, male:
58 establishments.,
1911
1912
558
552
55.8
55.5
r 1910
, 1911
333
317
58.9
58.4
94 establishments.,
' 1911
, 1912
430
407
58.7
58.3
.2
.9
8.4
3.2
3.3 ....................
4.6
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
131
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED R ATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH OF THE
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
Occupation, sex, and number of
establishments.
Per cent of employees earning
Aver
each classified rate of wages per
Num
age
hour.
of rate of
Year. ber
em
wages
and 20 and 25 cents
ployees. per
Under 16
tinder under
and
hour. 16cents. 20
cents. 25 cents. over.
11.2
14.2
12.2
12.3
16.0
17.2
15.9
14.5
36.9
33.6
37.5
33.5
36.1
35.0
34.4
39.7
. 2277
.2303
13.9
12.9
15.3
13.1
38.0
39.4
32.8
34.6
1,804
1,781
.2305
.2291
14.4
11.3
16.2
16.1
37.3
37.0
32.1
35.7
|r i9io
!\ 1911
140
125
.1826
.1940
32.2
17.6
35.7
36.0
20.7
31.2
11.4
15.2
•/ 1911
\ 1912
201
213
.1962
. 2034
24.9
20.6
25.4
29.6
30.3
28.2
19.4
21.6
41 establishments..
!f 1907
1908
‘ 1909
j 1910
1,056
786
968
992
.1957
.2003
. 1933
.1984
23.7
20.6
25.9
22.7
30.5
29.4
28.3
29.5
29.5
31.7
29.1
28.6
16.3
18.3
16.6
19.2
102 establishments..
/ 1910
\ 1911
2,598
2,724
.1901
. 1936
23.5
20.9
37.0
35.8
28.2
30.7
11.3
12.6
150 establishments..
Machine hands, male:
j 1911
|\ 1912
3.614
3,521
.1880
.1932
25.2
21.1
36.7
34.3
29.4
33.2
8.7
11.4
[ 1907
! 1908
;i 1909
jl 1910
1,066
817
912
994
.2147
.2160
.2173
. 2231
15.1
16.6
16.2
14.8
23.7
21.1
20.5
17.7
33.4
33. 3
33.9
32.7
27.7
28.9
29.4
34.8
/ 1910
\ 1911
2,508
2,467
. 2102
.2142
17.2
15.9
21.5
21.4
35. 7
34.0
25.8
28.6
/ 1911
\ 1912
4.196
4,148
.2089
.2151
17.0
14.6
23.2
22.9
34.9
33.7
25.0
29.0
f 1910
\ 1911
289
267
. 1973
.2002
15.9
14.6
31.1
31.1
42.9
40.1
10.0
14.2
/ 1911
\ 1912
369
343
.2066
.2181
11.6
4.4
27.1
23.3.
42.8
48.1
18.5
24.2
Cabinetmakers, male:
40 establishments..
f 1907
1 1908
i 1909
I 1910
I establishments..
/ 1910
j\ 1911
1,509
1,518
1/ 1911
1912
120 establishments..
Chair assemblers, male:
5 establishments___
13 establishments..
Finishers, male:
40 establishments...
96 establishments..
167 establishments.,
Veneerers, male:
44 establishments...
79 establishments..
Occupation, sex, and number of
establishments.
783 50.2357
542
.2314
674
.2297
756
.2392
Per cent of employees earning
Aver
each classified rate of wages per
Num
age
hour.
ber
of
rate
of
Year.
em
wages
and 30 and 10 cents
ployees. per
Under 25
under under
and
hour. 25 cents. 30
cents. 40cents. over.
Carvers, hand, male:
22 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
155 $0.3176
113
.3203
138
.3311
136
.3420
13.5
13.3
12.2
10.3
21.3
29.2
21.7
18.4
48.4
38.9
43.5
50.0
16.8
18.6
22.4
21.3
53 establishments.
1910
1911
277
304
.3190
.3292
15.1
15.5
16.6
13.8
56.7
53.3
11.5
17.5
58 establishments.
Upholsterers, male:
1911
1912
306
277
.3207
.3217
15.4
10.8
16.7
22.0
55.6
56.3
12.4
10.9
15 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
336
271
272
279
.3082
. 3029
.2996
.3172
22.4
21.0
18.0
IS. 7
31.8
27.7
31.6
26.5
35.4
41.7
41.9
38.7
10.5
9.6
8.5
16.1
32 establishments.
1910
1911
433
454
.2989
.3157
23.8
16.2
28.4
28.9
37.2
38.8
10.6
15.9
35 establishments.
1911
1912
384
394
.3054
.3164
19.0
18.5
28.6
25.6
41.4
38.8
10.9
17.0
132
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD.
The industry covered in this part of the report is the manufacture
of what is generally designated as household and office furniture.
Household furniture includes bedroom, dining-room, and parlor suites;
library and hall pieces, tables, chairs, etc. Office furniture includes
desks, tables, chairs, etc., but not specialties. During the earlier
years of the 23-year period covered by this report a few establishments
engaged in the manufacture of interior woodwork, school furniture,
etc., were included, but during the later years of the period the
Bureau has not included such establishments.
The number of establishments for which data concerning rates of
wages per hour and nominal full-time hours of work per week were
secured has varied considerably during the 23-year period, as follows:
1890 to 1903......................................................
1903 and 1904...................................................
1904 and 1905...................................................
1905 and 1906...................................................
1906 and 1907...................................................
1907 to 1910......................................................
1910 and 1911...................................................
1911 and 1912...................................................
58 identical
61 identical
63 identical
63 identical
67 identical
52 identical
128 identical
199 identical
establishments.
establishments.
establishments.
establishments.
establishments.
establishments.
establishments.
establishments.
The data for 1907 to 1911 w^ere secured in 1911 and the number of
establishments included for the period 1907 to 1910 was not quite so
large as for other years owing to the difficulty in finding establish
ments which had preserved complete records for those years, and also
owing to the amount of work involved.
In order that data from year to year may be entirely comparable
it is necessary that information be secured from identical establish
ments, therefore when in 1912 the number of establishments was
increased to 199 the Bureau secured data for 1911 also from all estab
lishments added, thus providing for an exact comparison of the two
years 1911 and 1912.
In selecting establishments from which to secure data the Bureau
undertook to represent all States in which furniture manufacturing
is of material importance, the measure of importance being the num
ber of employees as reported by the United States Census of Manu
factures, 1905. In selecting establishments for 1912 every State
having 1,500 or more employees in the industry, according to the
United States Census of Manufactures in 1905, is represented. The
table which follows shows by States the number of employees in this
industry, as reported by the United States Census for 1910 and 1905;
the total number on the pay roll in the establishments from which
the Bureau secured data in 1912; and the number in the selected
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1800 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
133
occupations and for whom data were secured in 1912. Data were
secured from the pay roll ending nearest May 15, or if paid only once a
month, from the May pay roll, except for a very few establishments
where conditions in May were particularly abnormal.
The census figures for 1910 were not available at the time the work
for 1911 and 1912 was planned and therefore the establishments
selected, as already stated, were distributed by States according to
the census of 1905. The relative importance of the various States,
as measured by the number of emploj^ees in this industry, remained
practically unchanged during the five years from 1905 to 1910.
TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN FURNITURE MANUFACTURING AND NUMBER OF
EMPLOYEES IN ESTABLISHMENTS FROM WHICH DATA W ERE SECURED IN 1912.
Number of employees
reported by United
States Census Office.
Establishments furnishing infor
mation to the Bureau of Labor
Statistics in 1912.
State.
Number of cemployees—
1910
1905
Number
of estab
lish
ments.
On pay
roll.
For whom
data were
secured.
New York.........................................................
Michigan...........................................................
Illinois...............................................................
Indiana.............................................................
Wisconsin.........................................................
19,619
15,171
13,310
10,745
10,583
16,113
13,260
12,266
9,731
9,212
39
19
21
22
10
3,607
4,474
3,043
2,704
1,451
2,168
2,501
1,836
1,467
668
Pennsylvania....................................................
Massachusetts...................................................
North Carolina.................................................
Missouri.............................................................
8,019
9,733
7,148
5,533
3,368
8,420
7,847
6,537
5,164
2,713
23
22
9
12
9
1,654
2,546
778
1,048
645
1,028
1,375
426
540
422
Tennessee..........................................................
Maryland..........................................................
Georgia..............................................................
Other States 1...................................................
2,303
1,856
1,394
14,644
2,610
2,280
1,828
12,152
5
7
1
576
640
93
268
363
49
Total........................................................
123,426
110,133
199
23,259
13,111
i Includes States having less than 1,700 each in 1910, and less than 1,500 each in 1905.
According to both the census of 1905 and the census of 1910, more
than 88 per cent of the total number of employees in the industry are
found in the 13 States in which the establishments furnishing infor
mation to the Bureau of Labor Statistics are located.
The number of employees in the establishments from which the
Bureau secured 1912 data was equal to 18.8 per cent of the total in the
industry in 1910, and the number for which the Bureau secured
detailed information in 1912 was equal to 10.6 per cent of the total
in the industry in 1910.
All information included in this report w~as secured from pay rolls
of the various establishments by agents of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
134
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS.
For the latter part of the 23-year period, this report includes only
data from establishments manufacturing household furniture, includ
ing bedroom, dining-room, and parlor suites, library and hall pieces,
tables, chairs, etc., and in a few instances from those making office
desks, tables, and chairs. During the earlier years of the period, a
few establishments manufacturing interior woodwork, school furni
ture, etc., were included. Establishments manufacturing metallic
furniture and those which make a specialty of expensive made-toorder articles have not at any time been included.
Apart from the varying character of the putput, which is influenced
to some extent by local conditions as to timber and labor supply as
well as by local market demands, few differences are found in furni
ture manufacturing establishments in different sections of the country.
Much the same processes and much the same kinds of machinery are
employed everywhere. A workman from a furniture factory in one
of the North Atlantic or North Central States would find little diffi
culty in adapting himself to conditions in a similar establishment
located in a South Central or South Atlantic State, and vice versa.
The occupation terms and the operations embraced under such terms
are practically identical in all sections.
The work of furniture making, as observed everywhere, falls
roughly into three principal divisions— machine work, cabinctmaking, and finishing. Upholstering forms another division of work
in many establishments, wThile the increasing amount of veneered
furniture being turned out lias led to the creation of distinct veneer
departments in some of the larger plants.
In the machine department the rough lumber is cut and dressed
and the various parts which enter into the completed piece are
fashioned. Employees in this department are classed either as
machine hands or helpers, in many cases the line of demarcation
between the two classes being a very vague one, since it is often the
practice to gradually promote helpers to positions as machine oper
ators as they develop sufficient skill for the work. In addition to
the helpers on machines, there are usually a number of roustabouts,
or common laborers, whose work consists in handling heavy materials,
sweeping floors, and making themselves generally useful. Regarding
the pay of machine woodworkers it has been observed that length
of service with the establishment and general proficiency are usually
more important factors in determining the wages of a workman than
is the mere fact that he happens to be operating a particular kind of
machine. For this reason a classification of machine hands accord
ing to machines operated would be of little, if any, value.
In the cabinetmaking department the pieces of furniture are assem
bled or set up. This is often designated as “ bench work.” It is
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
135
necessarily done by hand, though in some eases clamps or other
devices are used for forcing joints up tight. In some lines of prod
uct, as in the manufacture of extension tables of the cheaper grades,
the work of the cabinetmaker is quite simple and requires little skill,
consisting merely in fitting together the parts of tops, pedestals, etc.
Men engaged in this kind of work, wiiile not cabinetmakers in the
strict sense of the term, are generally so designated in the trade. In
some localities the term “ case fitters” is applied to men doing cabinet
work. In chair factories the duties of the chair assembler correspond
in a general way to those of the cabinetmaker in case-goods estab
lishments. This work consists in gluing and fitting together the
different parts of the chair, a frame being used to hold the parts
in proper shape until the glue is dry. A variety of terms, such as
“ framers,” “ stoolers,” “ chair makers,” “ drivers up,” etc., is used
to describe this class of workmen in different establishments. In
many factories, particularly those making the heavier and more
expensive grades of chairs, as at Grand Rapids, the designation
cabinetmakers, instead of chair assemblers, is in common use. It
should be emphasized in this connection that few all-round skilled
cabinetmakers, as the term wTas formerly employed, are now found in
furniture manufacturing establishments, the introduction of improved
labor-saving machinery and the modern tendency toward specializa
tion in industry, with the desire to effect a lowering of the cost of
production, having caused such to be replaced in large measure by a
cheaper type of labor.
The finishing department, as the term implies, is where the assem
bled piece of furniture is given its final treatment before being
packed for shipment. The finishing process includes staining, filling,
sanding, varnishing, and, in furniture of the better grades, rubbing and
polishing. In a few establishments there has been noticed a tendency
to restrict the term “ finisher” to the men doing varnish work only,
but in the vast majority of furniture plants it is now used to include
all persons in the finishing department except those classed as
“ common labor.” In several Wisconsin factories women and girls
have been found among the workers in the varnishing room, but in
other States this work is usually performed by males exclusively.
The Bureau compiles data as to nominal hours per week and rates
of wages per hour for seven occupations, and brief descriptions of
these occupations follow:
CABINETMAKERS.
These men assemble the pieces of furniture that have been cut and
dressed in the machine department. Their work is necessarily done
by hand and usually requires considerable skill, though in some
establishments, as table factories and others making a single line of
product, the work is simple and admits of much specialization. As
136
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
lias already been stated, few all-round cabinetmakers, in the sense in
which the term was formerly used, are found in the modern furniture
factory, owing to the extent to which specialization is now carried.
In a few establishments the term “ bench hands” “ case fitters,” or
“ carpenters,” instead of “ cabinetmakers,” is used.
CARVERS, HAND.
This occupation is being largely superseded by machine carving,
though in establishments producing high-grade furniture many hand
carvers are still employed. It requires a high degree of skill and
some artistic ability. It consists in carving or fashioning designs in
wood for ornamental purposes, as the arms and backs of chairs, the
posts and headboards of beds, the feet of cabinets, panels in side
boards, etc. The work is done with highly tempered steel tools or
knives. Carved work is often roughed out on the machine and
finished by hand. Hand carvers usually command good wages.
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS.
In the manufacture of chairs the work of the chair assembler
corresponds in a general way to that of the cabinetmaker in case
goods. In many of the factories producing the finer grades of chairs
this work is called cabinetmaking, and such employees have been so
classified in this report. ’ “ Chair assembling,” as applied to lower
grade chairs, is an accurate description of the work done, although
the term is not in common use. Most of the shaping operations on the
different parts of the chair are performed in the machine department.
The chair assembler, however, sometimes fits up the parts somewhat
further, bores holes, and cuts mortises, the amount of work of this kind
that de does depending on the extent to wThich division of labor is car
ried. Usually chair assembling is done by a group of from three to five
men. When all parts of the chair have been finally shaped and
fitted, the dowel pins are glued in, and the different pieces are put
together and placed in a press or clamp, which drives them up tight.
They remain in the press long enough for the glue to harden. In
the case .of flush joints the chair assembler shaves or trims the parts
forming the joint until it is quite smooth. Frame makers, who may
be included with chair assemblers, fit up and put together the frames
for chair seats. Much of their work, as sawing, boring, mortising,
etc., is done on machines.
FINISHERS.
The term “ finisher,” as used in this report, includes all classes of
skilled or semiskilled workmen in the finishing department. Ordi
narily the first operation in finishing is staining, which is done by
dipping the piece in a vat of stain or, if the piece is large, rubbing
the stain in with a brush or rag. The piece is next filled to close
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
137
up the pores. This is done by rubbing in the mineral filling with
a rag. Staining and filling are usually regarded as semiskilled occu
pations. The work is next sanded to make it smooth. This is gen
erally done by boys or unskilled men. It is next treated with
shellac, called “ first coating,” and then sanded again. It is now
ready for the varnisher. From one to three coats of varnish are
applied, depending on the degree of “ finish” desired. Between
coats of varnish it is rubbed with oil or water and rotten stone, or
sandpapered. Polishers or rubbers who do the final finishing are
often highly skilled men and are well paid. In some establishments
rubbing of flat surfaces is done by machines. The rubbing or pol
ishing device has a rapid back-and-forth movexnent and may be
shifted at will by the operator. It makes the work much easier
than when done by hand. The above operations, with some varia
tions, comprise the finishing work in all furniture establishments.
In the treatment of chairs and tables of the cheaper grades the
varnish is usually applied by dipping. Enamelers and gilders, found
in a few establishments, are classed with vamishers. Grain printing,
which may be considered a finishing process, is done by running the
piece to be grained, if it is flat, between two rollers, one of which is
made of gelatin, with its surface so prepared that it prints an imi
tation grain upon the part coming in contact with it. Irregular
surfaces and edges are grained by being held against the roller.
An inking device keeps the gelatin roller constantly inked. Usually
the parts that have been grained are shellacked and allowed to dry
thoroughly before being put together. Owing to the small amount
of skill required, hand sanders have not been included with finishers
in the present report.
MACHINE HANDS.
These men operate various t}rpes of power-driven machines and
often shift from one machine to another, according to the exigencies
of their work. The principal machines used in furniture manufac
ture are the boring machine, carver, dovetail, jointer or facer, mold
ing machine, mortiser, planer, router, sander (belt or drum), saw
(band, cut-off, jig, miter, rip, etc.), scraper, shaper, sticker, tenoner,
and turning lathe.
A machine called the “ universal woodworker,” built on the plan
of a planer or jointer, is used in some factories. This machine is
adapted to grooving, rabbeting, crosscutting, ripping, dadoing, rout
ing, panel raising, etc. In the collection of data on the wages and
hours of labor of machine hands for inclusion in the present report,
care was taken to confine the information entirely to men engaged
in the actual operation of machines, helpers, learners, etc., being
omitted in all cases.
188
BULLETIN OE THE BUREAU OE LABOR STATISTICS.
UPHOLSTERERS.
There is much specialization in this occupation at the present
time, and few all-round upholsterers are now found. In many estab
lishments the work is divided into processes, all more or less simple,
in which much unskilled labor can be employed. Thus, spring
setting, pad making, sewing, etc., represent distinct subdivisions of
upholstering in many chair and lounge factories. The persons doing
this work, usually boys or women, can not be regarded as uphol
sterers in the strict sense of the term and are not included as such in
this report. The all-round upholsterer cuts the materials, puts in
the springs and fillings, makes the tufts, and performs all the other
operations of upholstering. He is usually assisted by one or more
helpers. Only men of this class rank as regular upholsterers.
VENEERERS.
The work in the veneer department includes the cutting, matching,
and jointing of the veneer in order to produce the various grain or
figure effects desired, the final treatment of the piece of lumber to
be veneered, the spreading of the glue either by hand or by machine
(usually a roller of gelatin revolving in a glue tank) on the piece,
the putting on of the veneer, and the placing of the veneered piece
in a press which forces the veneer down tight and drives out the
air between the veneer and the solid piece, where it is left until the
glue is thoroughly dried. Owing to the growing scarcity of woods
and the improvement in methods of veneer cutting, this occupation
is becoming a very important one in the furniture industry. Many
establishments now have distinct veneering departments, employing
a considerable number of men at good wages. Cutting and matching
the veneer is considered highly skilled work and is usually done by a
man who does notiling else. Press hands and other common laborers
are not regarded as veneerers.
EXPLANATION OF TAbLES.
This report includes six general tables covering the 6-year period
1907 to 1912. Three of the general tables present data as to rates
of wages per hour and three present data as to nominal hours of
work per week, as follows:
Table I.— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States,
by years, 1907 to 1912.
Table II.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by
States, 1907 to 1912.
Table III.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by
years, 1907 to 1912.
Table IV .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week
in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1912.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
139
Table Y .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each year, by States, 1907 to 1912.
Table V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each State, by years, 1907 to 1912.
T a b l e I .— Classified rates of wages per hour in the United States,
by years, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 14® to lift). — This table summarizes the
data concerning rates of wages secured from the whole number of
establishments furnishing information. For each of the principal
occupations, cabinetmakers, hand carvers, chair assemblers, fin
ishers, machine hands, upholsterers, and veneerers, data are shown,
as far as available, for each of the six years, 1907 to 1912.
For the majority of establishments the pay roll records were in
such shape that it was possible to secure data in such detail that
classified rates of wages could be shown, but for a part of the estab
lishments included this was not possible. The first section of the
table presents two groups of data for each occupation; the first
group, under each occupation, includes only establishments for which
data as to classified rates of wages could be secured and shows the
number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour;
the second group includes all establishments from which data were
secured and shows average rates of wages per hour. The second
section of the table includes the same establishments which are in
cluded in the first group of the first section and shows the per
cent of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour.
The rate of wTages per hour was computed for each employee in
the case of time workers, by dividing the daily or weekly rate by the
number of hours per day or week; and in the case of pieceworkers
and those working both as time workers and pieceworkers, by
dividing the amount earned daring the pay-roll period by the hours
actually worked.
As previously stated comparisons from year to year can be made
only between identical establishments, and data in this table are
presented for identical establishments in such a wTay as to make
possible comparisons from year to year.
The relative nominal full-time hours per week and the relative
rates of wages per hour for 1907 to 1912, shown on pages 126 to 128,
are computed from the averages shown in the second group of data
under each occupation in the first section of this table. The method
of computing the relatives can best be explained by using an illus
tration; thus for cabinetmakers the average nominal hours per week
in 50 establishments was 56.7 in 1907 and 57.1 in the same 50 estab
lishments in 1908. The average in 1908 (57.1) was 100.71 per cent
of the average (56.7) in 1907. Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908) shows
that, for nominal hours per week for cabinetmakers, the relative
140
BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOE STATISTICS.
was 93.7 in 1907 (average for 1890-1899 = 100). The average nomi
nal hours for 190S were then reduced to a comparison with the base
period (average for 1890-1899 = 100) by computing 100.71 per cent
of 93.7, which is 94.4. The same method was followed in com
puting the relative rate of wages per hour; the average in 1908
($0!2295) was 97.66 per cent of the average in 1907 ($0.2350); the
relative (average for 1890-1899 = 100) for 1907 as shown in Bulletin
No. 77 was 128.5; and 97.66 per cent of 128.5 is 125.5, or the relative
rate of wages per hour in 1908 if the average for 1890-1899 is the
base, or 100. In computing for this occupation the relatives for 1911
comparison was made of the data for 112 identical establishments,
and in computing the relatives for 1912 comparison was made of the
data from 169 identical establishments.
T a b l e II.— Classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by States,
1907 to 1912 (pp. 146 to 156).— This table affords an easy comparison
of rates of wages per hour in the several States. It shows for each of
the principal occupations the number of employees earning each
classified rate of wages per hour. Under each year, 1907 to 1912, or
for such of these years as data are available, the data are shown for
each of the States represented by any considerable number of em
ployees. It shows for each of the principal occupations the number
of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour for the
establishments whose records were in sufficient detail to permit of
such classification; and it also shows average rates of wages per
hour for all establishments from which information was secured,
including those for which rates could be classified and those whose
records would not permit of such classification.
T a b l e III. — Classified rates of wages per hour in each State, by years
1907 to 1912 (pp. 157 to 166).— This table affords an easy compari
son of rates of wages per hour in the several years, 1907 to 1912. It
shows for each of the principal occupations the number of employees
earning each classified rate of wages per hour for the establishments
whose records were in sufficient detail to permit of such classification;
and it also shows average rates of wages per hour for all establish
ments from which information was secured, including those for which
rates could be classified and those whose records would not permit
of such classification. For each of the more important States in this
industry, the data are shown for each of the six years, 1907 to 1912,
or for such of those years as data are available.
T a b l e IV .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
the United States, by years, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 167 and 168).— This table
summarizes the data concerning nominal hours of work per week
secured from the whole number of establishments furnishing informa
tion. For each of the principal occupations— cabinetmakers, hand
carvers, chair assemblers, finishers, machine hands, upholsterers, and
,
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— FURNITURE.
141
veneerers— data are shown, as far as available, for each of the six
years, 1907 to 1912. By nominal full-time hours per week is meant
full time not excluding time shut down owing to temporary de
pressions or other cause temporary in nature.
The table is divided into two sections, the first section showing
the number and the second the per cent of employees under each
classified number of nominal full-time working hours per week. In
addition to showing classified nominal full-time hours, the table
shows number of establishments from which data were secured,
number of employees, and average nominal full-time hours per week.
In using this table, comparisons from year to year should be made
of identical establishments. The data are so arranged that such
comparisons are easily made.
T a b l e V .— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each year, by States, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 169 to 173).— This table affords
an easy comparison of nominal hours of work per week in the several
States. It shows for each of the principal occupations the number
of employees under each classified number of nominal full-time work
ing hours per week. Under each year, 1907 to 1912, or for such of
those years as data are available, the data are shown for each of the
States represented by any considerable number of employees. In
addition to classified nominal full-time hours, average nominal full
time hours per week are shown.
T a b l e V I.— Classified nominal full-time hours of work per week in
each State, by years, 1907 to 1912 (pp. 174 to 178).— This table affords
an easy comparison of nominal hours of work per week in the several
years, 1907 to 1912. It shows for each of the principal occupations the
number of employees under each classified number of nominal full
time working hours per week. For each of the more important States
in this industry, the data are shown for each of the six years, 1907
to 1912, or for such of those years as data are available. In addition
to classified nominal full-time hours, average nominal full-time hours
per week are shown.
The general tables follow.
142
T able
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED
STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
N U M BE R .
Occupation, sox, and number
of establishments.
Aver
age
Num nomi
nal
ber of
Year. em full
ploy- time
hours
per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
rate of
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
CABINETMAKERS, MALE.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
56.3 $0.2357
56.7 .2314
56.5 .2297
56.4
40 establishments..............
1907
1908
1909
1910
783
542
674
756
88 establishments..............
1910
1911
1,509
1,513
57.7
57.3
.2277
.2303
120 establishments.............
All establishments reported:
1911
1912
1,804
1,781
57.
57.7
.2305
.2291
50 establishments..............
1907
1908
1909
1910
632
771
56.7
57.1
56.9
56.7
.2350
.2295
.2279
.2374
112 establishments.............
1910
1911
1,801
1,846
58.0
57.7
.2310
.2324
169 establishments.............
1911
1912
2,455
2.427
58.3
58.1
.2327
.2324
22 establishments..............
1907
1908
1909
1910
155
113
138
136
53.7
53.8
52.4
52.1
.3176
.3203
.3311
.3420
53 establishments..............
1910
1911
277
304
55.6
54.9
. 3190
.3292
9
22
58 establishments..............
1911
1912
306
277
55.
55.8
.3207
.3217
22
15
25 establishments..............
1907
1908
1909
1910
169
127
151
148
54.2
54.5
53.0
52.7
.3111
.3139
.3264
.3380
65 establishments..............
1910
1911
315
345
55.
55.5
.3133
.3225
76 establishments..............
1911
1912
367
334
56.2
56.3
.3120
.3152
1910
1911
140
125
59.6
58.0
.1826
. 1940
13 establishments.............. /\ 1911
1912
All establishments reported:
1910
6 establishments................
1911
201
213
58.3
57.8
.1962
.2034
165
141
57.7
58.0
.1932
.2022
1911
1912
227
237
58.3
57.8
.2023
. 2062
182
253
253
12
97
574
98
673
659
119
CARVERS, HAND, MALE.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
All establishments reported:
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS, MALE.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
5 establishments................
15 establishments..............
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1800 1 0 1912 — FURNITURE.
T able
143
I __ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED
STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
NUMBER—Continued.
Occupation, sex, and number
of establishments.
Year.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nomi
nal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
wages and;and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
FINISHERS, MALE.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
124
106
116
121
41 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,056
' 786
57.1 $0.1957
57.2 .2003
57.0 . 1933
57.0 .1984
102 establishments..............
1910
1911
2,598
2,724
58.3
57.7
.1901 104 172 335 482 478
.1936 93 159 319 515 460
1911
1912
3,614
3,521
58.4
57.8
.1880 139 207 566 743 582 1,061 229 86
. 1932 124 173 446 679 529 1,170 296 104
52 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,217
927
1,127
1,164
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.3
.1966
.2007
.1949
.1989
128 establishments..............
1910
1911
3,132
3,206
58.5
58.0
.1981
.1978
192 establishments..............
1911
1912
4,407
4,357
58.5
58.1
. 1937
.1995
1907
1908
1,066
817
57.9
57.
1909
912
57.7
19
28
19
14
150 establishments..............
All establishments reported:
24 100 126 179 143
20 44 98 139 92
36 81 134 159 115
52 65 108 160 133
311
249
282
284
49
38
45
69
732 214 81
835 230 111
2 ....
1
j
MACHINE HANDS, MALE.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
57.7
.2147
.2160
.2173
.2231
96 establishments................
1910
1911
2,508
2,467
58.5
58.0
.2102
.2142
39 150 242 340 197
27 127 239 339 191
895 453 178
839 500 188
14
15
*2
167 establishments..............
All establishments reported:
1911
1912
4,196
4,148
58.7
58.3
.2089
.2151
47 219 447 640 331 1,463 797 234
23 194 384 597 351 1,399 878 297
16
23
2
2
51 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,347
1,047
1,153
1, f "
58.1
57.9
57.4
.2114
.2116
.2138
.2189
i
121 establishments..............
1910
1911
3,151
3,107
58.7
58.3
.2118
.2161
i
192 establishments..............
1911
1912
4,855
4,797
58.8
58.4
.2108
.216^
15 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
336
271
272
279
53.0
53.0
53.2
53.4
.3082
. 3029!
. 299o!
32 establishments................
1910
1911
433
454
55.0
54.5
.2989
.3157
....
2
35 establishments................
1911
1912
394
54.7
.3054
.3164
__
40 establishments................
1910
45
39
54
50
97
69
75
83
161
104
110
101
92
69
77
75
356
272
309
325
195 89
147 80
162 96
216 117
10
2
9
9 *"i
13 ....
j
1
1
UPHOLSTERERS, MALE.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
8
7
7
4
7
5
14
8
57 107
34 75
271 86
39 74
119
113
114
108
18
19
16
38
17
7
7
7
7
2
6
6
8
7
15
8
65| 123 161
5! ; 131 176
39
62
7
10
5
2
6
2
4
9
9
9
49; 110 159
51!I 101 153
32
59
10
8
W1
<
to
3
11
1
1
144
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Table I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED
STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
NUMBER—Concluded.
Occupation, sex, and number
of establishments.
Aver
age
Num nomi
ber of nal
Year. em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Employees earning each classified rate of
wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
rate of
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
UPJEIOLSTERERS, MALE— con
cluded.
All establishments reported:
19 establishments..............
1907
1908
1909
1910
383
310
307
325
53.6 SO. 3004
53.5!. .2976
53.8 .2962
53.8 .3110
38 establishments..............
1910
1911
501
518
55. o;
54.7!
49 establishments..............
1911
1912
558
552
55.8j .2
55.5 . 3068
1910
1911
2S9
267
58.7
58.2
.1973
2
.2002;....
1911
1912
369' 58.5
343; 58.0
.2066!....
. 2181|.
1910
1911
333; 58.9
58.4
31
. 1999: .
. 2024!.
1911
1912
430
407
.2063!.
.21901.
.2971
.3123
VENEERERS, MALE.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
44 establishments..............
79 establishments.............
All establishments reported:
58 establishments.............
94 establishments
58.7
58.3!
124
107
13
61 39
48| 32
158
165
PER CENT.
Cabinetmakers, male:
1907
1908
1909
1910
40 establishments.
\,
1910
88 establishments................ \ '■1911
120 establishments.
Carvers, hand, male:
1911
1912
i
783
542
674
750j
56.3 $0.2357 2.2| 3.6 5.4 8.3
56.7 . 2314 2.6j 3.7 7.9 11.8
56.5 .2297 1.5 4.6 6.1 8.6
56.4 .2392 .4 4.2 7.7 8.2
7.7
5.4]
7.3;
6.3
36.916.915.2
33.6:15.315.5
37.517.214.5
33.5 20.5'13.0
4.0
4.2 . . . .
2.7 . . . .
6.2 . . . .
1,509; 57.7
1,518 57.3
.2277
.2303
.6 6.3 7.0 8.9 6.4 38.019.510.1 3.2
.8 4.1 8.0 8.8 4.3 39.4,21.110.0 3.5 . . . .
1,804
1,781
57.8
57.7
.2305
.2291
.7 4.1 9.6 10.8 5.4 37.3 20.6 8.5 3.0
.2 2.7 8.4 10.6 5.5 37.0 24.9, 8.8 2.0 . . . .
53.7
53.8
52.4
52.1
.3176
1.3 1.3 1.9
.3203 ___
.9 1.8 1.8
.3311 ___
1.4| 1.4
.3420
....
2.2 . . . .
55.6
54-9
.3190
1.1 1.4 12.616.6 56.7 8.3 3.2
.3292 . . . . !!!!! . . . . .7 2.0 12.813.8:53.3 10.2 7.2
22 establishments..
1907
1908
1909
1910
53 establishments...
1910
1911
155
113
138;
136j!
277!
304jI
58 establishments. . .
Chair assembles, male:
5 establishments___
1911
1912
306
277
55.8
55.8
.3207
.7 1.3
.3217 . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1910
1911
140
125
59.0
58.0
.1826
.1940
13 establishments...
1911
1912
201
213
58.3
57.8
.1962 1.5 10.0 13.4 16.9 8.5 30.3 15.9 3.5
.2034 2.3 7.5 10.8 14.1 15.5 28.2 14.6 6.1* .9
9.0 21.3 48.4112.3
8.8 29.2 38.911.5
9.4121.7,43.5 13.1
8. lj 18.4(50.014.7
4.5
7.1
4.3
6.6
.7 12.716.7155.6 5.2 7.1
.4 9.7 22.0;56.3 5.4 5.4
.7 7.9 23.0 26.4 9.3 20.7 10.0 1.4
6.4 11.2 25.6 10.4 31.2 13.6 1.6
....
145
WAGES AND HOURS OF LAB OB, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
T able
I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED
STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
PER C E N T —Concluded.
Occupation, sex, and number
of establishments.
Finishers, male:
Year.
Num
ber of
em
ploy-
Employees earning each classified rate of
Aver
wages per hour.
age Aver
nomi
age
nal
12 14 16 IS 20 25 30 40 50
full rate of and and and and
and and and and
and
time per un un un un un un un un and
un
hours hour. der der der der der der der der un
der
der
per
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
week*
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1,056
786
57.1 $0.1957
57.2 .2003
57.0 .1933
57.0 .1984
11.9 17.0 13.5
12.5 17.7 11.7
13. 16.4 11
10.9 16.1 13.4
o I
2,724
58.3
57.7
.1901
.1936
12.9 18.6 18.4 28.2 8.2
11.7 18.9 16.9 30.7 8.4
1911
1912
3,614
3,521
58.4
57.
.1880
. 1932
15.7 20.6 16.1 29.4 6.3
12.7 19.3 15.0 33.2 8.4
40 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,066
817
912
994
57.9
57.8
57.7
57.7
.2147
.2160
.2173
.2231
96 establishments.
1910
1911
2,508
2,467
58.5
58.0
.2102
.2142
9.6 13.6 7.9 35.7 18.1
9.7 13.7 7.7 31.0 20.3
.6
.6
1911
1912
4,196
4,148
58.7
58.
.2151
10.7 15.3 7.9 34.9 19.0
9.3 14.4 8.5 33.7 21.2
.4
.6
15 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
336
271
272
279
53.0
53.0
53.2
53.4
.3172
.9
4.1
.4
.4
32 establishments.
1910
1911
433
454
55.0
54.5
.3157
1.4 1. 3.5 15.0 :.4!37.2 1.0 1.6
11.2 28.9,38. 13.7 2.2
1.3 1.5 1
35 establishments.
Veneerers, male:
44 establishments.
1911
1912
384
394
55.
54.7
.3054
.3164
1.6 1.0 2.3 12.8 3.6141.4 8.3 2.6
.5 2.3 2.3 12. 25.1
15.0 2.0
/ 1910
1 1911
267
58.7
58.2
. 1973
.2002
9.0 19.0 12.1 42.9
9.0 19.5 11.6 40.1 11.2
/ 1911
1 1912
369
343
58.5
58.0
.2066
.2181
3.5 8.1 16.5 10.6 42. I 15.2
4.4 14.0
19.0
41 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
102 establishments
1910
1911
150 establishments
Machine hands, male:
167 establishments
Upholsterers, male:
79 establishments.
i
93372°— Bull. 129— 13
.3082
.3029
15.1
12.7
12.1
10.2
2.4
2.6
2.6
1.4
8.6
8.4
8.4
7.5
29.5 11.7
31. 13.5
29.1 12.0
28.6 12.2
33.4 18.3
33.3 18.0
1.1
33.9 17. 10.5 1.0
32.7 21.7 11.8 1.3
2.1 17.0 31.8 35.4 5.4
1.8 12.5 27.7 41.7 7.0
5.1 9.9 31.6 41.9 5.9
2.9 14.0 26.5 38.7 13.
Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
10
0)
.1
8
5.1
2.6
2.6
2.5
146
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OP WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912.
C A B IN E T M A K E R S : M ale.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
1907.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data................. .
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Michigan....................................
Other States............................. .
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported.......................... .
1908.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data................. .
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data................. .
All establishments reported
Michigan...................................
Other States.............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported............................
1909.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Michigan.....................................
Other States...............................
28
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported...........................
1910.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
16
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
A v
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12. 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
rate of
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
157
174
53.7 $0.2531
54.3 .2523
13
33
39
129
121
466
60.0
59.5
58.1
56.4
.2075
.220'
..237655
5
26
17
28
38
783
56.3
. 235'
17
28
42
890
56.
.2350
105
122
53.5
54.4
.2678
.2631
20
39
112
87
311
60.0
59.5
58.0
57.1
.2113
.2129
.2163
.2260
28
14
20
14
20
55
38
21
150
65
542
56.7
.2314
632
57.1
.2295
124
140
53.7
54.4
.2629
.2601
61
142
105
384:
59.
59.4
57.4
56.7
.2026
.2073
.2172
.226'
10
674
56.5
.2297
10
771
56.9
.2279
166
306
53.9
56.6
.2720
.2744
115
243
103
59.
59.4
49.1
.1891
. 2068
.3588
403
408
58.5
58.6
.2348
.2347
18
268
287
59.2
59.2
.2268
.2261
32
43
64
132 119
60
29
30
182
83
84
31
23
57
40
38
31
41
58
49
11
29
61
132
17
253 116
18
24
65
53
11
58
46
27
22
215
133
47
24
WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912 — FURNITURE.
Table
147
I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
C A B IN E T M A K E R S : M ale— Continued.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Av-
Year and State.
nom- Aver
Num Num
age
inal rate
ber of ber
of
of
estab em full
lish ploy- time per
hours hour.
ments.
per
week.
and
un
der
12
cts,
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
an<l
un
der
20
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
574 294 152
49
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
1910.
92
$0.1371
.2126
.1947
.1928
North Carolina...........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin...................................
Other States...............................
195
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported............................
57.
.2277
112 1,801
58.0
.2310
123
326
54.5
57.
.2733
.2690
78
59.3
59.4
.2329
.2272
49
60
128
59.7
59.8
49.
.1740
.1803
.3516
387
393
57.6
57.6
.2627
.2622
60.0
60.0
.2242
.2233
321
423
124
58.7
58.6
59.9
.2252
.2247
.1399
143
191
59.0
59.2
.2254
.2309
236
249
76
58.8
58.8
59.7
.1961
.1982
.1732
59.5
59.5
60.0
.1878
. 1802
.1889
1911.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All esta blishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Maryland:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments repor ted
North Carolina...........................
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Pennsylvania:
Establishments
showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Tennessee...................................
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data
Total establishments re
ported...........................
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
1,509
57.2
59.
59.1
95 105 134
10
15
20
40
41
21
14
50
215 126
18
26
28
159
***2
58
20
74 173 194
98
75
120 1,804
57.8
.2305
169 2,455
58.3
.2327
116| 55.5
342 58.5
.2767
.2677
24
37
84
276
.2243
.2251
35
18
59.1
58.9
47
673 372 153
43
54
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
148
BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able I I . —
CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
J Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
C A B IN E T M A K E R S : M ale—Concluded.
Av-
Year and State.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
nominal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14 16 18 20 25
rate of
40 50
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un- un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1912.
Maryland:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data................. .
All establishments reported
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data.................
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data................. .
All establishments reported
North Carolina...........................
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data................. .
All establishments reported
Tennessee...................................
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
AH establishments reported
Other states.............................. .
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported.......................... .
12
58.3 $0.1785
58.6 .1860
50.0 .3473
18
14
31
417
421
57.7
57.7
.2442
.2442
203
60.0
60.0
.2241
.2264
13
83
329
425
94
57.2
57.2
59.8
.2352
.2341
.1474
143
196
59.1
59.3
.2220
.2260
60
253
264
62
58.
58.
59.7
.1976
.2003
.1907
90
59.
59.
60.0
.1913
.1955
.2138
120 1,781
57.7
.2291
2,427
58.1
.2324
29
15C 105
17
*” i
48 150 188
98
46
659
157
35
34
4
C A R V ER S, H A N D : Blale.
1911.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts............................
Michigan.....................................
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Wisconsin...................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ...........................
7
17
56
87
3
5
4
13
3
6
40
100
58.7
59.0
44.6
58.1
. 3256
.3100
. 4675
.3175
15
19
4
72
88
7
58.3
58.2
59.6
.2745
.2731
.2637
1
9
11
2
1
18
29
8
2
58.4
57.2
58.4
59.5
.2725
.2672
. 2854
.2227
1
58
306
55.8
.3207
2
76
367
56.2
.3120
5
54.5 $0.3117
56.4 .2971
13
3
1
3 "io
2
1
1
1
4
9
85
23
15
30
3
3
1
8
2
3
6
G
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
39
51 170
16
22
149
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
C A R V E R S , H A N D : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan.....................................
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Wisconsin...................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ............................
Av
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
7
17
47
79
3
5
4
13
3
7
27
100
58.7
58.9
44.8
57.9
.3275
.2987
. 4657
. 3125
15
19
4
61
78
7
55. S
56.2
59.4
.2949
. 293Q
.2452
9
11
2
1
24
30
7
1
57.7
57.1
59.9
59.5
58
277
76
334
___
55.0 $0.3297
57.0 .3116
2
36
3
5
3
14
4
77
5
3
1
6
1
2
1
13
16
31
1
3
2
1
.2819
.2794
. 3024
.2185
1
2
14
6
1
1
1
4
1
1
55.8
.3217
2
15
56.3
.3152
1
27
01 156
4
25 *8
1
2
5
34
9
8
17
7
3
3
1
1
6
15
15
C H AIR A SSE M B L E R S : Male.
1911.
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan.....................................
New York..................................
North Carolina...........................
Ohio...........................................
Other States:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported...........................
2
3
2
2
3
20
100
22
15
20
1
3
24
50
13
15
56.8 $0.2338
57.3 . 2032
60.0 .2222
60.0 .1310
60.0 .1623
60.0
58.9
.1809
.2168
201
58.3
.1962
227
58.3
.2023
2
3
2
2
3
19
117
19
15
20
56.6
57.3
55.8
60.0
59.7
.2532
.2114
.2375
.1259
.1631
1
3
23
47
60.0
58.9
.1783
.2055
3
3
6
1
7
5
7
1
5
8
1
6
3
7
7
20
27
34
17
61
32
7
1
25
1
2
24
7
30
5
4
19
8
3
7
3
io
4
6
1
2
8
1
6
2
6
3
6
6
16
23
30
33
60
31
13
1912.
Massachusetts............................
Michigan.....................................
New York..................................
North Carolina...........................
Ohio....................... ....................
. Other States:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported...........................
13
213
57.8
.2034
15
237
57. S
.2062
1
3
1
5
2
2 ....
150
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS.
Table I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
F IN IS H E B S : M ale.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
1907.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Michigan..............................
Other States........................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported...........................
1908.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Michigan..............................
Other States........................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ...........................
1909.
Illinois:
Establishments
showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Michigan..............................
Other States........................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported............................
1910.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
20
Num
ber
of
ernploy-
Average
nom Aver
age
inal
of
full rate
time wages
p er
hours hour.
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
and
un
der
12
cts.
266
295
54.5 $0.2218
55.0 .2211
61
193
182
54'
60.0
59.3
57.5
57.8
.1786
.1932
.1818
1,056
57.1
.1957
1,217
57.3
.1966
182
213
54.9
55.6
.2239
.221'
60
170
121
423
60.0
59.2
57.3
57.8
.1807
.1941
.1854
.1971
20
20
786
57.2
.2003
927
57.5
.2007
225
258
54.9
55.5
.2163
.2155
66
192
13
540
59.7
59.0
56.4
57.
.1777
.1948
.1801
.1889
57.0
.1933
1,127
57.3
.1949
275
583
55.5
57.8
.2208
.2305
128
328
60.1
59.3
.1809
.1918
51.4
51.6
.2666
58.3
58.3
.1850
.1850
921
926
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
36
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
311 124
49
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
121
50
118
24 100 1261
143
23
74
50
23
44
139
92
26
36
39
113
29
249 106
38
93
47
10
66
35
282 116
45
20
23
48
118
36
81 134 159 115
13
26
28
55
101
19
12
52
41
17
18
256 278
259
11
40 , 50
and and
un rmder der
50 70
cts. cts.
151
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912 — FURNITURE.
T a b l e I I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
FINISHERS: Male—Continued.
Year and State.
1910.
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re1 9 1 1.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Maryland....................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
North Carolina...........................
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Tennessee...................................
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Other States..............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ........... ..............
1912.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete da -a...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Maryland.............................. .....
Massachusetts.............................
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
23
24
7
5
9
17
532
549
102
134
162
263
Av
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
59.7 SO. 2004
59.7 .1996
59.9 .1199
58.6 .1979
59.3 .1871
59.4 .1607
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
46
81
65
51
188
91
6
27
8
14
44
19
24
24
50
1
17
37
53
16
27
37
31
49
35
29
3
5
6
7
1
732 214
81
58.3
.1901 104 172 335 482 478
58.5
.1981
55.4
57.9
.2167
.2290
7
22
7
9
222
416
138
107
59.8
59.4
59.7
52.1
.1910
.1944
.1601
.2902
18 1,064
19 1,068
57.7
57.7
.1868
.1868
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
4
128 3,132
?63
605
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
55
3
1
38
102 2,598
9
21
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
10
35
43
98
53
21
53
41
24
71
25
1
43
13
36
14
22
1
14
17
22
38
15 101 294 277
362
15
3
10
6
13
2
7
40
4
1
74
240
81
19
97
125
60.0
60.0
. 1874
.1887
28
36
11
606
726
175
59.0
59.0
59.9
.2047
.2063
.1214
21
23
310
373
59.2
59.3
.1843
.1866
18
19
5
350
382
78
58.9
58.8
59.5
.1749
.1804
.1450
9
10
1
181
191
23
59.4
59.4
60.0
.1755
.1788
.1360
150 3,614
58.4
.1880 139 207 566 743 582 1,061 229
192 4.407
58.5
1937
9
21
250
619
56.2
58.4
.2180
.2337
7
22
7
9
210
409
133
115
58.7
58.6
58.8
52.5
.2110
.2071
.1665
.2534
4
17
7
9
24
5
35
77
75
89
47
29
10
11
66
64
56
95
14
4
2
29
96
84
44
76
12
17
23
15
11
6
4
2
4
14
32
58
28
44
1
7
5
7
4
3
10
86
19
25
43
98
63
2
22
34
28
76
33
14
25
14
3
22
43
10 40
1 13
26
18
19
4
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
1
1 ....
152
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I .—CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
F IN IS H E R S : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
1912.
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Missouri:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
North Carolina...........................
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Tennessee...................................
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Other States........................
Total
establishments
showing complete data .
Total establishments re
ported .......................... .
Num Num
ber of ber
of
estab em
lish ploy
ments. ees.
Av
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14 , 16
rate of
wages and and and and
per un un un un
hour. der der der der
12 14 16 18
cts. cts. cts. cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
52 226 221
57.5 $0.1959
57.5 .1960
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
450
34
246
97
82
14
96
126
60.0
60.0
.1929
611
746
181
56.6
56.8
59.8
.2156
.2168
.1231
15
272
338
59.0
59.2
.18*6
.1863
26
399
425
58.8
58.7
59.3
.1761
.1797
.1471
179
187
24
59.9
59.9
60.0
.1775
.1827
. 1358
150 3,521
57.8
.1932 124 173 446 679 529 1,170
192 4,35:
58.1
.1995
18
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
20
44 103
25 119 103
13
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
62
46
42
87
22
15
55
MACHINE HANDS: Male.
1907.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Michigan....................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported............................
1908.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Michigan....................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported............................
129
152
53. $0.2615
54.9 .2581
344
238
613
60.0
59.4
57.6
58.6
29
.2032
. 1970
.2141
57
28
49
15
50
19
45
19
45
1,066
57.9
.2147
1,347
58.2
.2114
91
112
53.8
54.9
.2645
.2595
75
284
171
60.0
59.1
57.
58.4
.2053
.1953
.2216
.2065
28
39
817
57.8
.2160
28
39
1,047
58.1
.2116
97 161
92
356 195
19
18
75
140
104
272 147
10
23
153
^ WAGES AND HOUES OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FUBNITURE.
T a b l e I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YE A R ,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
M A CH IN E H A N D S : M ale—Continued.
Year and State.
1909.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Michigan....................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported............................
1910.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishmentsreported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments
showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
North Carolina...........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin...................................
Other States..............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ...........................
1911.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Maryland...................................
Massachusetts............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Missouri.....................................
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
A 11establishmentsreported
North Carolina...........................
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Av
erage Aver
Num nom
age
ber inal
of
of
full rate
wages
em time
ploy hours per
ees. per hour.
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
8
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
LIll'
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un-*
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
7
10
22
42
29
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
5
6
113
134
54.1 $0.2564
55.0 .2535
3
2
12
5
28
90
310
193
516
59.6
59.0
56.9
58.4
.2059
.1996
.2196
.2098
12
8
8
50
9
3
19
54
6
54
26
69
23
36
84
153
45
66
9
55
9
1
40
19
54
75 n o
77
309 162
96
9
1
50
2
912
57.7
.2173
51 1,153
57.9
.2138
7
16
153
452
54.9
58.2
.2667
.2483
6
20
7
185
512
128
60.1
59.3
55.2
.1939
.1976
.2396
17
2
18
19
672
676
58.0
58.0
.2284
.2283
23
24
7
5
8
15
510
523
158
129
291
282
59.7
59.6
59.8
56.8
59.4
59.3
.2121
.2121
.1478
.2294
.1775
.1901
39 150 242 340 197
96 2,508
58.5
.2102
121 3,151
58.7
.2118
10
19
220
510
56.9
58.6
.2647
.2531
9
22
7
9
377
688
158
160
59.5
59.2
59.6
54.3
.2081
.2064
.1753
.2536
18
19
9
728
734
203
57.4
57.4
59.6
.2301
.2300
.2139
35
37
12
21
22
695
747
276
370
544
59.1
59.1
59.9
59.5
58.8
.2137
.2139
.1443
.2083
.2041
6
5
7
31
23
33
13
77
19
3
12
24
8
33
15
25
9
2
10
69
39
307 196
48
1 ....
5
18
39
55
43
222 103
24
1 ....
19
59
3
27
22
31
9
70
42
24
10
69
51
10
16
33
28
12
41
68
104
1
19
2
6
7
8
39
*i
10
8
52
4
33
58
34
18
2
49
10
37
21
11
10
15
76
38
37
18
13
62
83
96
18
23
70 38
26 58
69 106
2
30
15
21
895 453 178
2
10
52
1
14 ....
87
59
179
56
13
29
39
10
31
4
35
11
1
321 226
49
2
1
92
41
5
77
277 164
19
12
30
52
18
160
184
11
31
3
67
77
2
1
154
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I . — CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
M A CH IN E H A N D S : M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num Num
ber of ber
of
estab em
lish ploy
ments. ees.
Number of employees earning each classified
Av
rate of wages per hour.
erage
nom
inal
8 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40
full Aver
age and and and and and and and and and
time rate
un un un un un un un
un
of
hours wages der un
der der der der der der der der
per
per
16 18 20 25 30 40 50
12
14
week. hour. cts. cts. cts.
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
1911.
Tennessee..........................
Wisconsin...................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ...........................
1912.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data..................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Maryland...................................
Massachusetts............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Missouri......................................
Ne'fr York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
North Carolina...........................
Ohio..
................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Tennessee...................................
Wisconsin...................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ...........................
5
9
1
157
293
15
59.6 80.1750
59.5 .1836
60.0 .1992
167 4,196
58.7
.2089
192 4,855
58.8
.2108
5
2
30
14
1
38
62
1
32
81
3
10^
30;
1
22
83
7
14
19
2
6
2
47' 219 447 640 331 1,463 797 234
1
10
19
219
518
57.9
59.1
.2591
.2515
9
22
7
9
387
679
156
149
58.8
58.8
59.0
55.5
.2150
.2102
.1822
.2424
18
19
9
697
703
206
57.2
57.3
59.6
.2478
.2478
.2155
724
35
37
776
12 '' 248
21
389
544
22
129
5
9
291
1
9
57.0
57.1
59.7
59.5
58.7
59.5
59.8
60.0
.2241
.2235
.1502
.2029
.2084
. 1848
.1825
.2148
49
is *85 *73 32 *16
l 33 32 62 26
l 14 69 111 60
l 12 33 32
6
l 25 52 80 33
1 2
167 4,148
58.3
.2151
23 194 384 597 351 1,399 878 297
192 4,797
58.4
.2164
1
13
4
8
13
6
68
80
47
16
4
1
17
59
37
191
61
21
38
16
48
23
8
8
30
38
14
21
4
26
12
2
27
43
260 254 108
3
10
37
26
71
82
87
37
9
273 209
30
18
152
172
27
79
4
5"
75
89
12
20
1
*i
8
35
6
1
1
2
1
2 ....
2
23
2
U P H O L S T E R E R S : M ale.
1911.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana.......................................
Massachusetts............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...............
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishmentsreported
149
203
48
16
10
53.6 $0.3199
53.7 .3094
57.1 . 2715
50.0 .3919
59.4
58.3
.2805
.2932
55.2
56.5
.3822
.3489
57.1
57.3
.2675
.2624
2
1
15
44
72
16
13
3
10
15
26
1
1
4
20
5
5
15
5
9
155
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912 — FURNITURE.
T a b l e I I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH Y E A R ,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
UPHOLSTERERS: Male—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Number of employees earning each classified
Av
rate of wages per hour.
erage
Num nomber : inal
! 8 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40
of
full Aver
age and and and and and and and and and
em time
ploy hours rate of un un un un un un un un un
wages der der der der der der der der der
ees.
per
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
per
week. hour. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
1911.
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Wisconsin...................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ............................
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana.......................................
Massachusetts............................
Michigan:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
New York:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
AH establishments reported
Ohio:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
AH establishments reported
Pennsylvania:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Wisconsin...................................
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ...........................
4
5
4
2
33
38
55
14
1
56.1 $0.3170
56.3 .3081
57.5 .2428
60.0 .2125
3
2
4
1
5
6
2
14
9
6
12
4
16
2
12
2
1
i
4
2
4
9
49 110 150
32
35
384
55.6
. 3054
49
558
55.8
.2998
7
8
5
3
162
215
43
15
53.8
55.1
57.3
50.0
. 3219
.3083
.2721
.4080
6
7
35
41
58.5
57.8
.2743
.3001
6
10
42
74
52.8
.3525
•3337
3
5
21
38
57.7
57.6
.2562
.2616
4
5
4
2
58
65!
48
13i
52.6
52.6
57.8
60.0
. 3613
.3501
. 2628
.2269
1
1
2
2
9
14
29
1
1
1
3
2
2
14
4
12
4
14
2
1
35
394
54.7
.3164
2
2
9
9
51 101 153
59
49
552 55.5
i
.3068
2
1
___ ___ ___ _____
1
2
1
2
2
17
_
45
6
15
15
52
7
12
2
14
3
18
9
10
4
36
49
2
148
6
4'J
37
4(1
16'
59.3 $0.2224
59.8 .2204
50.8
59.6
55.0
57.4
60.0
58.fi
59.3
59.4
59.7
.1950
. 1956
.2350
.2177
.2403
. 2161
.2029
.1871
.1550' . . . .
7
8
3
**20 " i 7
i
*’ *7
8
8
1
4
2
15
4
10
4
4
1
10
=====___
82
17
4
11
5
13
13
5
10
18
4
8
6
VENEERERS: M ale.
1911.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts............................
Michigan...................................
Missouri......................................
New Y ork..................................
Ohio........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Tennessee...................................
1
6
5
1
12
5
1
1
84
3
23
18
8
1
1
22
3
10
5
3
1
4
1
1
2
1
s
8
156
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
Table
I I ___ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR,
BY STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
V E N E ER E R S: M ale—Concluded.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ers.
Av
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14 16 18 20 25
40 50
rate of
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un*
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
1911.
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Other States...............................
59. $0.1718
.1679
.2333
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
reported........................
1913.
Illinois:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Indiana:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Massachusetts............................
Michigan....................................
Missouri......................................
New Y ork..................................
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Tennessee...................................
Wisconsin:
Establishments showing
complete data...................
All establishments reported
Other States...............................
Total
establishments
showing complete data.
Total establishments re
ported ...........................
58.5
.2056
13
30
61
39
158
56
12
65
18
58.7
59.4
59.9
.2267
.2242
59.1
59.1
55.0
56.9
60.0
.2108
.2119
.2350
.2315
.2190
5 6 .7
. 2203
59.3
59.2
59.4
.2046
.2005
59.5
60.0
.1856
.2046
.2333
343
58.0
.2181
407
58.3
.2190
15
30
39
2
133
37
16
2.
7
5
13
4
32
165
WAGES AND HOIXKS OP LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
T able
III—
157
CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
CABINETMAKERS: Male.
State, and number of
establishments.
A v
erage Aver
Num
age
ber of inal
Year. em full rate of
wages
ploy time per
ees. hours hour.
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
8
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
2
1
1
15
6
9
11
13
3
3
7
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
33
20
20
24
55
37
57
56
38
37
33
38
1
1
1
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
40 50
and and
un un
der der
50 70
cts. cts.
ILLINOIS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
5 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
157
105
124
136
53.7 $0.2531
53.5 .2678
53.7 .2629
54.2 .2613
7 establishments................
1910
1911
166
127
53.9
54.7
.2720
.2716
11
10
7
3
24
27
65
37
58
47
1
3
1911
1912
123
116
54.5
55.5
.2733
.2767
10
3
5
20
24
40
37
47
43
3
2
6 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
174
122
140
151
54.3
54.4
54.4
54.8
.2523
.2631
.2601
.2590
16 establishments...............
1910
1911
306
276
56.6
57.5
.2744
. 2694
19 establishments..............
1911
1912
32fi
342
57.8
58.5
.2690
.2677
2 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
39
39
61
63
60.0
60.0
59.7
59.6
.2075
.2113
.2026
.2057
2
2
5
2
2
4
5
4
5
2
7
9
26
28
40
45
4
3
4
3
6 establishments................
1910
1911
115
98
59.9
59.6
.1891
.2007
29
6
8
27
4
2
9
4
53
37
11
19
1
3
4 establishments................
All establishments reported:
1911
1912
78
84
59.3
59.1
.2329
.2243
1
2
3
4
1
11
4
5
41
35
21
18
7
9
11 establishments..............
1907
1908
1909
1910
129
112
142
154
59.5
59.5
59.4
59.2
.2207
.2129
.2073
2158
19 establishments..............
1910
1911
243
239
59.4
59.4
.2068
.2132
21 establishments..............
1911
1912
298
276
59.4
58.9
.2272
. 2251
1911
1912
49
50
59.7
58.3
.1740
.1785
3
3
15
12
14
18
1
2
14
14
2
1
1911
1912
60
61
59.8
58.6
.1803
.1860
1910
1911
1911
1912
103
106
128
99
49.1
49.2
49.6
50.0
.3588
.3646
.3516
.3473
4
1
5
8
14
7
12
7
12
17
7 establishments................
All establishments reported:
K
INDIANA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
MARYLAND.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
4 establishments................
All establishments reported:
5 establishments................
MASSACHUSETTS.
6 establishments......................
7 establishments.......................
2
3
3
1
38
39
45
42
46
49
50
31
158
BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able I I I __ CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
CABINETM AKERS: Male—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Av
erage
Num nom
ber of inal
Year. em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Averrate of 8 12 14
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
4
11
8
18
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25 30 40
and and and
un un un
der der der
30 40 50
cts. cts. cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
MICHIGAN.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
f
I
5 establishments.................. 1
I
18
14
21
44
1
1
2
8
27
20
215 121
222 138
22
26
7
5
18
6
215 126
203 175
21
28
2
1
6
6
1
6
18
13
7
6
4
6
1
1
9
8
32
25
21
17
133
131
47
67
24
25
1
1
1
1
12
7
26
18
28
29
159 79
150 105
15
17
1
2
1907
1908
1909
1910
121
87
105
130
58.1 $0.2155
58.0 .2163
57.4 .2172
56.8 .2376
6
11
12
/ 1910
16 establishments................ \ 1911
403
413
58.5
57.7
.2348
.2388
18
7
/ 1911
13 establishments................ \ 1912
All establishments reported:
/ 1910
17 establishments................ \ 1911
387
417
57.6
57.7
.2627
.2442
408
419
58.6
57.7
.2347
.2387
/ 1911
14 establishments................ \ 1912
393
421
57.6
57.7
.2622
.2442
/ 1911
\ 1912
38
38
60.0
60.0
.2242
.2241
/ 1911
\ 1912
78
83
60.0
60.0
.2233
.2264
Establishments showing com
plete data:
20 establishments................ /t 1910
1911
268
275
59.2
58.1
.2268
.2321
27 establishments................ }\ 1911
1912
All establishments reported:
/ 1910
\ 1911
321
329
58.7
57.2
.2252
. 2352
287
307
59.2
58.2
.2261
.2302
/ 1911
\ 1912
423
425
58.6
57.2
.2247
.2341
7 flct’fthlkliTnAntc
/ 1910
\ 1911
92
105
59.8
59.9
.1371
.1408
9
11
40
34
30
40
11
16 ” *2
2
2
1Aft'jt.ahl
/ 1911
t 1912
124
94
59.9
59.8
.1399
. 1174
12
3
44
24
48
44
16
17
2
5
2
1
/ 1911
\ 1912
141
143
59.0
59.1
.2254
.2220
6
7
12
9
9
7
4
69
60
/ 1911
\ 1912
191
196
59.2
59.3
.2309
.2260
2
6
80
55
61
60
MISSOURI.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
All establishments reported:
NEW YORK.
i
NORTH CAROLINA.
matitQ
OHIO.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
All establishmenss reported:
46
46
3
6
WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOB, 1890 TO 1912 — FURNITURE.
T able
159
I I I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
C A B IN E T M A K E R S : M ale—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
Average
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14
rate of
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cis.
Year.
Num
ber of
employ-
1910
1911
122
57.2 $0.2126
55.
.2227
1911
1912
236
253
58.
58.8
.1961
.1976
1911
1912
249
264
58.8
58.8
.1982
.2003
59.7
59.7
.1732
.1907
59.4
59.5
.1947
.1906
1911
1912
59.5
.1878
.1913
1911
1912
59.5
59.
.1892
.1955
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
5
2
13
6
34
36
4
3
PENNSYLVANIA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
5 establishments................
17 establishments..............
All establishments reported:
19 establishments...............
12
TENNESSEE.
5 establishments.......................
1911
1912
WISCONSIN.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
7 establishments................
7 establishments................
All establishments reported:
8 establishments................
1910
1911
84
13
22
CARVERS, HAND: Male.
ILLINOIS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
7 establishments................
All establishments reported:
17 establishments..............
1911
1912
56
47
54.5 $0.3117
55.0 .3297
1911
1912
87
79
56.4
57.0
.2971
.3116
1911
1912
3
3
58.7
58.7
.3256
.3275
1911
1912
6
7
59.0
58.9
.3100
.2987
1911
1912
40
27
44.6
44.8
.4675
.4657
1911
1912
100
100
58.1
57.9
.3175
.3125
1911
1912
72
61
58.3
55.9
.2745
.2949
1911
1912
88
76
58.2
56.2
.2731
.2939
INDIANA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
3 establishments................
All establishments reported:
5 establishments................
3
2
1
MASSACHUSETTS.
4 establishments.......................
1
3
9
4
8
5
3
5
10
14
85
77
2
3
23
13
15
16
30
31
1
MICHIGAN.
13 establishments.....................
1
NEW YORK.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
15 establishments...............
All establishments reported:
19 establishments.............. .
1
2
1
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
160
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I I ___ CLASSIFIED
RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
C A R V E R S , H A N D : M ale—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy
ees.
A v
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14
rate of
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
29
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
OHIO.
4 establishments........................
1911
1912
59.6 $0.2637
59.4 .2452
1911
1912
58.
57.7
.2725
.2819
1911
1912
57.2
57.1
.2672
.2794
1911
1912
58.4
59.9
.2854
.3024
PENNSYLVANIA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
9 establishments................ .
All establishments reported:
11 establishments..............
WISCONSIN.
2 establishments.......................
CHAIR ASSE M BLE R S: Male.
MASSACHUSETTS.
2 establishments............
56.8 $0.2338
56.6 .2532
1911
1912
20
19
1911
1912
100
117
57.3
57.3
.2032
.2114
1911
1912
22
19
60.0
55.8
.2222
.2375
1911
1912
15
15
60.0
60.0
.1310
.1259
1911
1912
20
20
60.0
59.7
.1623
.1631
MICHIGAN.
3 establishments.............
34
N E W YO RK .
2 establishments............
NORTH CAROLINA.
2 establishments............
OHIO.
3 establishments............
FINISHERS: Male.
ILLINOIS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
7 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
266
182
225
238
54.5 $0.2218
54.9 .2239
54.9 .2163
54.9 .2244
1910
1911
275
264
55.5
55.5
.2209
.2198
1911
1912
263
250
55.4
56.2
.2167
.2180
8 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
295
213
258
269
55.0
55.6
55.5
55.5
.2211
.2217
.2155
.2247
18 establishments...............
1910
1911
583
531
57.8
57.7
.2305
.2295
21 establishments..............
1911
1912
605
619
57.9 .2290
58.4 - .2337
9 establishments.................
9 establishments................
All establishments reported:
24
121
74
93
81
101
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— FURNITURE.
T able
161
III___ CLASSIFIED
RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
F IN IS H E R S : M ale—Continued.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
AvState, and number of
establishments.
Num nom- Aver
age
berof inal rate
of
Year. em full
ploy- time per and
un
hours hour. der
per
12
week.
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
IS
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
INDIANA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
2 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
61
1910
1911
128
124
60.1
60.0
.1908
1911
1912
222
210
59.8
58.7
.1910
.2110
12 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
193
170
192
204
59.3
59.2
59.0
59.0
.1932
.1941
.1948
. 1995
20 establishments................
1910
1911
328
308
59.3
59.3
.1918
.1970
22 establishments................
1911
1912
416
409
59.4
58.
.1944
.2071
1911
1912
138
133
59.7
58.8
.1601
.1665
6 establishments................
7 establishments................
All establishments reported:
i.O$0.1786
60.0 .1807
59.7 , 1777
59.8 .1804
22
14
MARYLAND.
7 establishments....................... .
MASSACHUSETTS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
8 establishments..................
1910
1911
9 establishments..................
1911
1912
All establishments reported:
9 establishments.................
1910
1911
51.4
51.8
107
115
52.1
52.5
.2902
.2534
51.6
52.0
.2645
43
MICHIGAN.
Establishments showing com
plete data;
4 establishments.................
18 establishments................
18 establishments.. *..........
All establishments reported:
19 establishments................
19 establishments................
1907
1908
1909
1910
182
121
137
172
57.5
57.3
56.4
56.4
1818
1854
1801
1937
1910
1911
921
58.3
57.5
1850
1868
1911
1912
1,064
57.7
57.5
1910
1911
926
973
58.3
57.5
1850
1868
1911
1912
1,068
57.7
57.5
1960
93372°—Bull. 129— 13
.1887
.1939
259
326
94
15
MISSOURI.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
7 establishments.................
All establishments reported:
9 establishments..................
51
50
39
48
78
294
362
453
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
162
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able I I I . —
CLASSIFIED KATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
F IN IS H E R S : M ale—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
Num
ber of
Year. em
ploy
ees.
Av
erage
nom age
inal
full rate of
time wages
per
hours hour.
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
and
un
der
12
cts.
12
and
un
der
14
cts.
14
and
un
der
16
cts.
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
N E W YORK.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
23 establishments................
1910
1911
532
554
$0.2004
.2085
211
.2047
.2156
240
246
1911
1912
611
59.0
56.
1910
1911
549
576
59.7
58.7
.1996
.2072
f 1911
36 establishments................ V 1912
726
746
59.0
56.8
.2063
.2168
28 establishments................
All establishments reported:
24 establishments................
NORTH CAROLINA.
7 establishments....................... .
1910
1911
102
118
59.9
59.
.1199
.1225
55
11 establishments..................... .
1911
1912
175
181
59.8
.1214
.1231
89
1911
1912
310
272
59.2
59.0
.1843
.1826
1911
1912
373
59.3
59.0
.1866
.1863
134
169
56.6
55.3
.1979
.2139
350
399
58. J
.1749
.1761
382
425
58.
58.7
.1804
.1797
59.5
59.3
.1450
.1471
59.3
59.3
.1871
.179;
OHIO.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
21 establishments.............. .
All establishments reported:
23 establishments.............. .
59
PENNSYLVANIA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
/ 1910
5 establishments................ . \ 1911
/ 1911
18 establishments.............. . \ 1912
All establishments reported:
j 1911
19 establishmen ts.............. . \ 1912
119
TENNESSEE.
5 establishments.......................
1911
1912
11
WISCONSIN.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
1910
9 establishments................ /\ 1911
161
/ 1911
\ 1912
181
179
/ 1911
\ 1912
191
187
9 establishments................
All establishments reported:
10 establishments..............
.1755
.1775
59.4
59.
.17
.1827
14
34
95
91
20
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
163
T a b l e I I I . —CLASSIFIED BATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
MACHINE HANDS: Male.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
Av
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
ILLINOIS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
f 1907
1908
5 establishments.................. J
1 1909
I 1910
53.9 $0.2615
91 S3.8 .2645
113 54.1 .2564
129 54.4 .2687
3
6
9
4
7
3
5
7
10
6
29
19
22
22
57
38
42
48
28
23
29
42
7 establishments.................. / 1910
\ 1911
153
135
129
54.9
55.4
.2667
.2726
6
3
5
4
7
4
31
28
52
45
50
49
/ 1911
\ 1912
220 56.9
219 57.9
.2647
. 2591
2
1
10
13
8
6
52
68
87
80
59
47
f
J
1
I
152 54.9
112 54.9
134 55.0
147 55.1
.2581
.2595
.2535
.2657
16 establishments................ j 1910
\ 1911
452
425
58.2
58.4
.2483
. 2533
19 establishments................ /\ 1911
1912
510
518
58.6
59.1
.2531
.2515
10 AstabHshmfints _ . .
.
All establishments reported:
.
1907
1908
1909
1910
1
2
2
2
2I
4
|
!.
i
i
INDIANA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
ODcfoWlcllTYIOTlfQ
f 1907
1 1908
1 1909
1 1910
86
75
90
79
60.0
60.0
59.6
59.5
.2032
.2053
.2059
.2092
6 establishments
/ 1910
\ 1911
185
185
60.1
60.0
.1939 . . . .
.1986
Q
/ 1911
\ 1912
377
387
59.5
58.8
.2081
.2150
1907
12 establishments. . . . . . . . . . ' 1908
1909
1910
344
284
310
306
59.4
59.1
59.0
58.8
.1970
.1953
.1996
.2014
/ 1910
\ 1911
512
513
59.3
59.3
.1976
.2024
688 59.2
679 58.8
.2064
.2102
/ 1911
\ 1912
158
156
59.6
59.0
. 1753
.1822
7 establishments........................ / 1910
\ 1911
128
126
55.2
55.0
1911
9 establishments........................ /I 1912
160 54.3
149 55.5
iqIittiA*ntci
All establishments reported:
/ 1911
22 establishments................ \
1912
l
7
5
12
7
15
18
8
6
8
5
8
7
49
38
50
46
5
6
9
9
2
3
3
3
17
17
23
15
33
39
13
7
77
79
19
21
3
6
4 33
17
58
34
37
179
191
56
61
13
21
59
!
j
!
1
i
i
i
i
|
i
|
i
i
j
!
MARYLAND.
7 establishments
18
13
49
38
37
48
11
8
29
30
10
14
4
4
.2396 —
.2486
2
2
12
10
24
21
8
7
33
31
15
16
25
28
9 ___
10
1
.2536 . . . .
.2424 —
2
4
10 21
16 23
10
8
39 31
38 21
35
26
12
1
MASSACHUSETTS.
11
1
1
164
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
I I I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
M A C H IN E H A N D S : M ale—Concluded.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Avnominal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Aver
age
rate of
12 14
wages and and and
per un un un
hour. der der der
12 14 16
cts. cts. cts.
Year.
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees.
5 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
238
171
193
203
57.6 $0.2141
.2216
57.
.2196
56.7 .2327
18 establishments.
1910
1911
672
651
58.0
57.1
.2284
.2341
18 establishments.
1911
1912
728
697
57.4
57.2
.2301
.2478
All establishments reported:
19 establishments.............
1910
1911
676
657
58.0
57.1
.2283
.2341
19 establishments..............
1911
1912
734
703
57.4
57.3
.2300
.2478
1911
1912
203
206
59.6
.2139
.2155
1910
1911
510
511
59.7
58.7
.2121
.2167
1911
1912
724
59.1
57.0
.2137
.2241
All establishments reported:
24 establishments.............
1910
1911
523
527
58.7
37 establishments-----
1911
1912
747
776
59.1
57.1
.2139
.2235
7 establishments..............
1910
1911
158
168
59.
.1478
.1513
12 establishments___
1911
1912
276
248
59.9
59.7
.1443
.1502
1911
1912
370
59.5
.2029
5 establishments........
1910
1911
129
128
56.
55.4
.2294
.2366
22 establishments........
1911
1912
544
544
58.
58.7
.2041
.2084
1911
1912
157
129
59.6
59.5
.1750
.1848
8 establishments..........
1910
1911
291
271
59.4
59.5
.1775
.1837
9 establishments.
1911
1912
293
291
59.5
59.
.1836
.1825
State, and number of
establishments.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
16
and
un
der
18
cts.
18
and
un
der
20
cts.
20
and
un
der
25
cts.
25
and
un
der
30
cts.
30
and
un
der
40
cts.
75
84
81
51
39
307
321
260
MISSOURI.
9 establishments.......................
18
N E W YORK.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
23 establishments..............
35 establishments.
52
13
71
277
273
19
160
152
11
.2121
NORTH CAROLINA.
32
OHIO.
21 establishments. . . .
18
58
PENN SYLVAN'
184
172
60
TENNESSEE.
5 establishments..........
10
"WISCONSIN.
70
60
74
76
77
40
and
un
der
50
cts.
50
and
un
der
70
cts.
WAGES AND HOUES OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
T able I I I . —
165
CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
U P H O L S T E R E R S : M ale.
AvState, and number of
establishments.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
rate of 8 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 70
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
Year.
Num
ber of
employ-
1911
1912
149
162
53.6 $0.3199
53.8 .3219
1911
1912
203
215
53.7
55.1
.3094
.3083
1911
1912
57.1
57.3
.2715
.2721
1911
1912
50.0
50.0
.3919
.4080
1911
1912
59.4
58.5
.2805
.2743
58.3
57.8
.2932
.3001
1911
1912
55.2
52.8
.3822
.3525
1911
1912
56.5
54.5
.3489
.3337
1911
1912
57.1
57.7
.2675
.2562
1911
1912
57.3
57.6
.2624
.2616
1911
1912
56.1
52.
.3170
.3613
1911
1912
56.3
52.6
.3081
.3501
1911
1912
57.5
57.8
.2428
.2628
nominal
full
time
hours
per
week.
ILLINOIS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
7 establishments................
All establishments reported:
8 establishments................
72
INDIANA.
5 establishments........................
MASSACHUSETTS.
3 establishments........... ............
MICHIGAN.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
6 establishments................
All establishments reported:
7 establishments................
1911
1912
41
NEW YORK.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
6 establishments................ .
All establishments reported:
10 establishments..............
OHIO.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
3 establishments................
All establishments reported:
5 establishments................
PENNSYLVANIA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
4 establishments................
All establishments reporting:
5 establishments................
•WISCONSIN.
4 establishments................
14
14
29
166
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I I I . —CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH STATE,
B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
VENEESERS: Male.
State, and number of
establishments.
Year.
Num
ber of
em
ploy-
Av
erage
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
Number of employees earning each classified
rate of wages per hour.
Aver
age
12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50
rate of
wages and and and and and and and and and and
per un un un un un un un un un un
hour. der der der der der der der der der der
25 30 40 50 70
12 14 16 18 20
cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts.
ILLINOIS.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
6 establishments..................
All establishments reported:
15 establishments................
1911
1912
1911
1912
59.3 $0.2224
59.4 .2267
52
59.1
59.!
.2204
.2242
59.1
.1950
.2108
59.6
59.1
. 1956
.21191
55.0
55.0
.23501
.2350
57.4
56.9
.217'
.2315
60.0
60.0
.2403
. 2190!
58.6
56.7
.21611___
.2203 .
59.3
59.3
.2029
.2046
INDIANA.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
7 establishments..................
AH establishments reported:
12 establishments................
J 1911
\ 1912
f 1911
\ 1912
39
MASSACHUSETTS.
2 establishments,.......................
1911
1912
MICHIGAN.
14 establishments...................... j\ 1911
1912
14S
133
20
22 ;
29
MISSOURI.
1911
3 establishments........................ ( 19
\ i1912
s
N E W YO RK .
/ 1911
18 establishments....................... \
1912
OHIO.
9 establishments........................
19J1
1912
PENNSYLVANIA.
10 establishments...................... \f 1911
1912
.1871
.2005
TENNESSEE.
4 establishments........................
1911
1912
59.4
. 1550
.1859
1911
1912
59.:
.1718
. 1856
1911
1912
59.5
59.5
.1679
.2046
WISCONSIN.
Establishments showing com
plete data:
4 establishments.................
All establishments reported:
5 establishments................ .
13
167
WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
T
able
I V __ CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
N U M BE R .
Occupation, sex, and
number of establish
ments.
Cabinetmakers, male:
Num
ber
of
Year. employ-
Employees whose nominal full-time working hours
Averper week were—
age
nom
inal
Over 57
Over 51
full
54
48
and
time Un
and and
and
48.
un
un
54.
60. Over
hours der
un
un
6a
der
48.
der
per
der
der
54.
week.
60.
51.
6 7.
1907
1908
1909
1910
632
771
56.7
57.1
56.9
56.7
102
50 establishments..
121
154
45
85
140
77
130
138
155
112 establishments..
1910
1911
1,801
1,846
58.0
57.7
161
114
209
302
271 1,019
381
17
24
1911
1912
2,455
2,427
58.3
58.1
108
106
296
481
478 1,405
331 1,352
24
23
25 establishments.. .
1907
1908
1909
1910
169
127
151
148
54.2
54.5
53.0
52.7
65 establishments___
1910
1911
315
345
1911
1912
169 establishments..
Carvers, hand, male:
156
417
275
322
321
4
4
26
32
30
22
40
22
17
16
55.7
55.5
27
45
61
62
116
115
367
334
56.2
56.3
45
64
1910
1911
165
141
57.7
58.0
85
64
40
31
40
46
1911
1912
227
237
58.3
57.8
71
81
41
41
110
99
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,217
927
1,127
1,164
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.3
201
159
223
200
230
284
368
434
419
1910
1911
3,132
3,206
58.5
58.0
1911
1912
4,407
4,357
58.5
58.1
202
51 establishments___
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,347
1,047
1,153
1,239
121 establishments...
1910
1911
192 establishments...
Upholsterers, male:
76 establishments...
Chair assemblers, male:
6 establishments___
15 establishments.. .
Finishers, male:
52 establishments. . .
48
11
256
164
200
210
220
210
140
131
442
584 1,787
718 1,473
647
207 1,054
884 2,552
646 2,253
58.2
58.1
57.9
57.4
135
97
117
127
192
116
149
214
246
273
299
3,151
3,107
58.7
58.3
135
109
422
525
648 1,817
1,515
68
1911
1912
4,855
4,797
58.8
58.4
107
155
634
987
995 2,947
761 2,694
77
81
1907
1908
1909
1910
383
310
307
325
53.6
53.5
53.8
53.8
204
163
161
174
18
16
16
28
32
1910
1911
501
518
55.0
54.7
216
231
79
43
1911
1912
49 establishments___
Veneerers, male:
1910
58 establishments___ j\ 1911
558
552
55.8
55.5
233
192
333
317
58.9
58.4
1911
1912
430
407
58.7
58.3
128 establishments.. .
192 establishments.
Machine hands, male:
19 establishments___
38 establishments___
94 establishments___
23
67
29
214
224
87
723
508
537
479
77
10
10
33
15
79
97
1
1
111
100
140
225
133
38
37
49
210
11
16
16
168
BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e I V . — C L A S S I F IE D N O M I N A L F U L L -T I M E H O U R S O F W O R K P E R
W E E K I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1912— Concluded.
FEB. CENT.
Occupation, sex, and
number of establish
ments.
Num
ber
of
Year. em
ploy-
Employees whose nominal full-time working hours
Aver
per week were age
nom
inal
Over 51
Over 57
full
48
54
and
and
time Un
and
54. and
un
hours der
48.
60. Ovei
un un
un
60.
per
der
der der
der
54.
week.
60.
51.
57.
Cabinetmakers, male:
4.9
.6
.8
17.5
15.7
15. ?
17.9
11.5
7.1
11.0
16.2
4.1
3.7
.4
1.6
8.9
6.2
11.6
16.4
1.8
1.1
3.3
3.0
4.4
4.4
12.1
1.5
54.2
54. 5
53.0
52.7
13.0
11.0
20.5
16.9
15.4
15.7
13.9
20.9
1.2
1.6
.7
1.4
29.0
26.0
31.8
32.4
315
345
55.7
55.5
v.9
11.0
1911
1912
367
334
56.2
56.3
10..4
7.5
1910
1911
165
141
57.7
58.0
1911
1912
227
237
58.3
57.8
52 establishments-----
1907
1908
1909
1910
1,217
927
1,127
1,164
57.3
57.5
57.3
57.3
1.7
2.0
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.4
1.9
128 establishments__
1910
1911
3,132
3,206
58.5
58.0
.6
.5
1.4
1.6
192 establishments__
Machine hands, male:
1911
1912
4,407
4,357
58.5
58.1
.4
.4
1907
1908
1909
1.910
1,347
1,047
1,153
1,239
58.2
58.1
57.9
57.4
1910
1911
3,151
3,107
1911
1912
JL5 establishments-----
38 establishments..
50 establishments-----
1907
1908
1909
mo
632
771
862
56.7
57.1
56.9
56.7
6.5
4.7
3.2
5.0
115 establishments...
1910 1,801
1911, 1,846
58.0
57.7
2.4
2.4
1911
1912
2,455
2,427
58.3
58.1
25 establishments-----
1907
1908
1909
1910
169
127
151
148
65 establishments___
1910
1911
76 establishments----Chair assemblers, male:
6 establishments........
15 establishments___
Finishers, male:
169 establishments__
Carvers, hand, male:
51 establishments-----
121 establishments..
192 establishments...
Upholsterers, male:
49 establishments..
Veneerers, male:
58 establishments..
94 establishments..
6.0
3.0
1.7
8.7
20.6
17.9
18.0
20.6
56.6
47.8
0.9
1.3
19.8
19.5
13.6
57.2
55.7
1.0
.9
2.4
3.1
2.0
2.7
15.4
25.2
19.9
14.9
23.7
17.3
11.3
1.4
16.5
13.0
13.0
19.4
18.0
36.8
33.3
.3
.3
1.4
8.7
17.4
12.3
19.2
18.8
11.4
38.1
39.2
.3
.3
51.5
45.4
24.2
22.0
24.2
32.6
31.3
34.2
18.1
17.3
48.5
41.8
21.0
17.7
17.7
18.0
16.5
17.2
19.5
18.0
18.3
21.6
20.4
24.4
40.2
39.7
38.5
36.0
14.1
.7
7.0
20.6
18.6
22.4
57.1
45.9
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
.4
2.2
4.6
4.8
14.7
24.2
20.1
14.8
57.9
51.7
.8
.7
.9
.9
.7
2.5
3.4
3.3
3.1
.5
10.0
18.3
26.1
25.9
29.8
53.7
48.5
46.6
38.7
58.7
58.3
.3
.3
1.6
1.6
4,855
4,797
58.8
58.4
.2
.1
1907
1908
1909
1910
383
310
307
325
53.6
53.5
53.8
53.8
4.4
2.3
2.3
2.2
1910
1911
501
518
55.0
54.7
1.4
1.7
1911
1912
558
552
55.8
55.5
1.6
1.4
1910
1911
333
317
58.9
58.4
1911
1912
430
407
58.7
58.3
1.4
1.8
2.2
2.1
4.2
6.8
1.3
4.6
10.8
.3
10.1
.2
10.3
14.3
11.1
12.9
17.3
.1
1.1
4.3
3.5
13.4
16.9
25.4
20.6
57.7
48.8
2.2
2.5
1.4
1.0
.4
1.3
2.2
3.2
13.1
20.6
20.5
15.9
60.7
56.2
1.6
1.7
12.8
11.9
16.9
16.0
5.0
6.1
5.9
4.3
53.3
52.6
52.4
53.5
4.7
5.2
5.2
7.3
11.9
12.7
10.2
8.4
3.2
3.3
4.6
43.1
44.6
15.8
8.3
6.6
10.8
19.6
15.3
41.8
34.8
12.2
15.8
17.6
17.6
19.9
18.1
.3
.3
20.1
26.5
20.4
24.0
55.9
44.2
3.3
5.0
.2
20.7
32.7
22.8
52.3
51.6
2.2
.8
10.4
9.5
.5
5.3
12.0
15.0
46.9
43.5
41.8
37.2
2.9
2.7
3.6
4.3
.7
9.3
.5
12.0
3.7
169
WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— FURNITURE.
T a b l e Y ___ CLASSIFIED
NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912.
CABINETM AKERS: Male.
Year and State.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
nom
Num Num
inal
ber of ber
of
Over 51
Over
full
estab em
57
48
54
lish ploy time Un
and
and
and
and under
54.
der
48.
60. Over
ments. ees. hours
under
60.
under 54.
under 60.
per
48.
week.
51.
57.
1907.
Other States.....................
6
11
5
28
174
129
121
466
54.3
59.5
58.1
56.4
58
37
27
19
Total.......................
50
890
56.7
58
53
27
156
Other States.....................
6
11
5
28
122
112
87
311
54.4
59.5
58.0
57.1
30
24
11
Total.......................
50
632
57.1
30
42
11
1909.
TTIrnoiR nr. rr; __________
TpdfatiH.............
Michigan........... *______
Other States.....................
6
11
5
28
140
142
105
384
54.4
59.4
57.4
56.7
25
58
5
Total.......................
50
771
56.9
25
75
5
1910.
Illinois .............................
Indiana.............................
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
New Y ork........................
16
19
6
17
21
306
243
103
408
287
56.6
59.4
49.1
58.6
59.2
43
56
North Carolina.................
Pennsylvania...................
"Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
7
5
7
14
92
89
78
195
59.8
57.2
59.4
59.1
112 1,801
58.0
1908.
Tniiirtis...................... .Indiana.............................
Total..................... .
1911.
Illinois..............................
Indiana..............................
Maryland..........................
Massachusetts..................
Michigan...........................
19
21
5
7
14
326
298
60
128
393
57.8
59.4
59.8
49.6
57.6
Missouri............................
New Y ork........................
North Carolina...............
Ohio..................................
8
34
10
18
78
423
124
191
60.0
58.6
59.9
59.2
Pennsylvania...................
Tennessee........................
Wisconsin
...............
Other States.....................
19
5
8
1
249
76
92
17
58.8
59.7
59.5
60.0
169 2,455
58.3
Total.......................
1912.
Illinois..............................
Indiana.............................
Maryland........................
Massachusetts..................
Michigan...........................
19
21
5
7
14
342
276
61
99
421
58.5
58.9'
58.6
50.0
57.7
Missouri............................
New Y ork........................
North Carolina.................
Ohio..................................
8
34
10
18
83
425
94
196
60.0
57.2
59.8
59.3
16
137
18
77
417
16
4
32
9
4
19
52
55
17
89
3
166
99
45
130
275
19
8
43
34
5
21
58
54
16
113
4
189
121
85
138
322
24
18
26
101
36
132
176
4
209
221
14
40
31
5
47
152
102
18
138
98
7
23
49
38
43
74
7
12
45
68
161
91
10
9
209
80
19
12
26
60
108
54
271 1,019
43
31
5
183
20
180
214
52
5
190
26
239
15
10
78
158
109
155
17
296
81
***34’
28
52
39
21
39
73
4
195
8
237
141
36
5
218
142
78
13
9
83
125
81
162
25
17
24
118
71
58
17
478 1,405
8
17
78
29
3
50
5
45
17
116
49
235
102
83
17
4
13
54 ’ " i s ’
35
55
24
23
170
BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
T a b l e V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YE A R , B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
C A B IN E T M A K E R S ; M ale—Concluded.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
nom
Num Num
ber
inal
ber of
of
full
Over 51
Over 57
estab em
54
48
lish ploy time Un
and
and and
48.
and under
54.
ments. ees. hours der
60. Over
60.
under 54.
under under
per
48.
60.
week.
51.
57.
Year and State.
19 12.
Pennsylvania...................
Tennessee ....................
Wisconsin
...................
Other States.....................
Total.......................
264
62
91
13
58.8
59.7
59.8
60.0
169 2,427
58.1
19
5
8
1
55
4
87
"*20*
26
72
36
106
481
122
58
71
13
331 1.352
23
CAR V ER S, HAND: Male.
1911.
Illinois .............................
Massachusetts ________
Michigan
....................
New Y ork........................
17
5
4
13
19
87
6
40
100
88
56.4
59.0
44.6
58.1
58.2
Ohio
.................
Pennsylvania...................
.................
Wisconsin
Other States.....................
4
11
2
1
7
29
8
2
59.6
57.2
58.4
59.5
Total.......................
76
367
56.2
38
1913.
Illinois.............................
Indiana
..........
Massachusetts
.......
...............
Michigan
New Y ork........................
17
5
4
13
19
79
7
27
100
76
57.0
58.9
44.8
57.9
56.2
25
Ohio
Pennsylvania
W isconsin
Other States .
..........
..........
4
11
2
1
7
30
7
1
59.4
57.1
59.9
Total......................
76
334
56.3
Indiana .
..............
4
38
43
5
5
5
9
1
38
8
32
8
6
3
6
8
2
4
9
64
45
69
140
1
2
4i
9
6
20
5 | 13
4
4
1
1
3
8
6
38
131
13
31
5
1
29
25
1
1
6 |
i
29
4
40 j
64
31
3
1
54
38
43
3
1
53
14
CH A IR A S S E M B L E R S : Male.
1911.
Massachusetts
Michigan
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Other States
Total
. .
............
.
.................
2
3
2
2
3
3
20
100
22
15
20
50
56.8
57.3
60.0
60.0
60.0
58.9
5
15
227
58.3
5
2
3
2
2
3
3
19
117
19
15
20
47
56.6
57.3
55.8
60.0
59.7
58.9
5
15
237
57.8
5
71
71
15
26
29
22
15
20
24
41
110
1913.
Massachusetts...................
Michigan
..
............
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
.................
Other States
.
Total
..................
14
81
3
24
36
8
15
17
23
41
99
11
11
81
1
1
1
1
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
T a b le
171
V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
F IN IS H E R S : M ale,
Year and State.
19 0 7 .
Illinois...............................
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num Num nom
ber of ber inal
estab
of
Over 51
Over 57
full
lish
em time
Un
48
54
and
ments. ploy hours
and under
and and
der
48.
54.
60. Over
ees. per
60.
under 54.
under under
48.
60.
51.
week.
57.
241
295
103
182
547
55.0
59.3
57.5
57.8
21
21
6
52 1,217
57.3
21
21
6
213
170
121
423
55.6
59.2
Other States.....................
8
12
4
28
57.8
19
14
3
Total.......................
52
927
57.5
19
14
3
8
12
4
28
258 55. 5
192 59.0
137 56.4
540 '57. 8
Other States.....................
Total.......................
1908.
T|1j n n i s _____ T____
1909.
Indiana.............................
8
12
4
28
52 1,127
1910.
Illinois...............................
Indiana...................... ......
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
New Y ork........................
North Carolina.................
P en n sy lv a n ia ..............
W iseoiisin.........................
Other States
Total.......................
1911.
Illinois..............................
Indiana.............................
MaryJand..........................
Massachusetts
..........
Michigan
...................
Missouri............................
New Y ork........................
North Carolina.................
O hio.................................
Pennsylvania.................
Tennessee.........................
Wisconsin ......................
Other States
Total.......................
1913.
Illinois..............................
Indiana.............................
Maryland........................
Massachusetts..................
Michigan.
..............
Missouri............................
New Y ork.........................
N orf h Carolina
Ohio.................................
P eimsylvania...................
Tennessee.........................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
Total.......................
18
20
9
19
24
7
5
9
17
57.3
583 57.8
328 59.3
85 51.6
926 58.3
549 59.7
102 59.9
134 56.6
162 59.3
263 59.4
128 3,132
192 4,407
58.5
619
409
133
115
986.
126
746
181
338
425
68
187
24
58.4
58.6
58.8
52.5
57.5
60.0
56.8
59.8
59.2
58.7
59.3
59.9
60.0
192 4,357
58.1
21
22
7
9
19
9
36
11
23
19
5
10
1
25
37
52
109
29
142
21
297
256
201
223
489
14
10
80
69
32
44
34
90
31
116
7
214
164
159
200
368
39
58
35
98
33
119
9
273
230
434
104
76
is
171
36
11
44
76
51
285
187
5
451
484
91
150
186
16
27
14
15
93
112
16
27
200
220
19
42
194
4
24
"304'
3
16
90
24
58.5 | 19
21
605 57.9
22
416 59.4
138 59.7
7
9
107 52.1
19 1,068 57.7
9
125 60.0
36 ! 726 59.0
11
175 59.9
23
373 59.3
19 382 58.8
5
78 59.5
10
191 59.4
1
23 60.0
15
14
109
78
214
45
187
17
48
19
442
40
8
500
4
11
17
17
48
49
19
202
28
88
24
67
8
647
58
40
20
520
46
105
317
14
26
83
10
372
14
52
134
76
49
94
207 1,054
317
282
114
6
522
125
350
161
286
181
70
115
23
884 2,552
113
155
9
22
6
96
29
44
146
' ” 26'
17
86
188
584 1,787
101
56
16
17
46
41
390
159
84
41
38
38
37
460
126
182
152
254
196
58
161
24
646 2,253
37
172
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T a b l e V . — CLASSIFIED
NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF W ORK PER
W E E K IN EACH YE A R , B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Continued.
MACHINE HANDS: Male.
Year and State.
1907.
Illinois...............................
Indiana. . - r Michigan...........................
Other States.....................
Total.......................
1908.
Indiana, .........................
Michigan ........................
Other States.....................
Total........ ..............
1909.
Illinois..............................
Indiana..........................
Michigan
....................
Other States.....................
Total.......................
1910.
Illinois...............................
Indiana
Massachusetts
Michigan...........................
New iiTork........................
North Carolina
Pennsylvania ...............
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
152
344
238
613
54.9
59.4
57.6
58.6
10
26
7
51 1,347
58.2
10
34
7
112
284
171
480
54.9
59.1
57.6
58.4
9
27
8
51 1,047
58.1
9
36
8
6
12
5
28
134
310
193
516
55.0
59.0
56.9
58.4
51 1,153
57.9
452
512
128
676
523
158
129
291
282
58.2
59.3
55.2
58.0
59.6
59.8
56.8
59.4
59.3
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
6
12
5
28
6
12
5
28
16
20
7
19
24
7
5
8
15
Total.......................
19 11.
Illinois...............................
Indiana ...........................
.................
Maryland
Massachusetts ...............
Michigan...........................
Missouri
New York
...............
North Carolina
Ohio ................................
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
W isconsin
Other States
121 3; 151
58.7
510
688
158
160
734
203
747
276
370
544
157
293
15
58.6
59.2
59.6
54.3
57.4
59.6
59.1
59.9
59.5
58.8
59.6
59.5
60.0
Total
...............
1913.
Illinois ...........................
Indiana .
. .
Maryland
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan
Missouri
.....................
New York
..............
North Carolina
O h io ...............................
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Other States
192 4,855
58.8
518
679
156
149
703
206
776
248
389
544
129
291
9
59.1
58.8
59.0
55.5
57.3
59.6
57.1
59.7
59.5
58.7
59.5
59.8
60.0
192 4,797
58.4
Total
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
19
22
7
9
19
9
37
12
21
22
5
9
1
19
22
7
9
19
9
37
12
21
22
5
9
1
Un
der
48.
48.
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
8
54.
116
9
19
5
60
30
151
23
266
71
363
135
192
246
723
18
15
81
20
3
84
77
109
21
185
13
289
97
116
273
508
8
109
77
105
21
184
11
321
299
537
43
132
61
143
32
31
42
129
35
288
274
17
275
466
127
98
10
31
3
19
17
105
27
10
38
3
117
149
113
8
9
•
41
3
22
38
258
87
39
9
49
3
8
135
422
89
70
9
59
15
16
3
399
13
5
25
102
14
9
67
19
8
7
41
107
47
16
47
634
92
37
**406*
14
94
304
24
112
12
7
49
63
60.
18
137
37
79
7
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
lo5
987
352
33
41
151
112
344
402
136
13
298
190
387
243
304
291
143
181
15
995 2,947
51
220
11
68
11
96
44
51
154
55
68
162
208
648 1,817
69
130
7
63
37
Over
60.
412
286
108
17
286
192
235
204
314
278
117
236
9
761 2,694
68
77
77
81
81
173
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1890 TO 1912---- FURNITURE.
T a b l e V . — CLASSIFIED NOMINAL
FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
W E E K IN EACH YEAR, B Y STATES, 1907 TO 1912— Concluded.
UPHOLSTERERS: Male.
Year and State.
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments.
Num
ber
of
em
ploy
ees.
Aver
age
nom
inal
full
time
hours
per
week.
1911.
Illinois...............................
Indiana.............................
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
New York.........................
8
5
3
7
10
203
48
16
66
78
53.7
57.1
50.0
58.3
56.5
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
5
5
4
2
40
38
55
14
57.3
56.3
57.5
60.0
Total.......................
49
558
55.8
19 12.
Illinois...............................
Indiana.............................
Massachusetts...................
Michigan...........................
New York.........................
8
5
3
7
10
215
43
15
41
74
55.1
57.3
50.0
57.8
54.5
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvan ia...................
Wisconsin.........................
Other States.....................
5
5
4
2
38
65
48
13
57.6
52.6
57.8
60.0
49
552
55.5
Total
.................
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Un
der
48.
48.
Over
51
48
and and
54.
under under
54.
54.
20
16
9
3
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
182
3
16
1
29
3
14
7
5
12
18
25
29
25
12
7
28
6
19
21
1
18
14
68
98
111
14
53
23
3
6
'6
17
12
27
7
6
16
8
8
9
25
8
21
3
30
13
87
97
100
2
4
11
80
16
47
20
1
52
5
1
32
1
20
6
17
31
19
14
15
13
4
89
98
225
16
4
3
9
9
87
2
59
17
1
44
32
5
4
8
1
16
7
8
34
17
10
8
11
4
133 . 49
210
20
233
16
143
15
8
8
29
18
8
29
15
24
Over
60.
16
18
9
CO.
192
VENEERERS: Male.
1911.
Illinois..............................
Indiana.............................
Massachusetts ............ .*
Michigan.........................
15
12
2
14
52
49
2
148
59.8
59.6
55.0
57.4
Missouri
...............
New York
O h io ................................
Pennsylvania ...............
3
18
9
10
6
49
37
40
60.0
58.6
59.3
59.4
Tennessee.........................
W isfionsin
__
Other States
4
5
2
16
27
i
59.7
59.5
60.0
Total.......................
94
430
58.7
1
1913.
Illinois.............................
Indiana.............................
Massachusetts
Michigan ___
....
15
12
2
14
63
39
2
133
59 0
59.1
55.0
56.9
1
Missouri
....................
New York
................
Ohio
,
............
Pennsylvania...................
3
18
9
10
7
52
40
37
60.0
56.7
59.3
59.2
Tennessee ....................
Wisconsin
...................
Other States
..........
4
5
2
9
21
4
59.4
59.5
60.0
Total.......................
94
407
58.3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
2
16
9
174
T able
BULLETIN OP TH E BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912.
[Under each occupation the establishments set opposite each bracketed group of years are identical.]
State, and number of
establishments.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
Num nom
ber inal
Over 51
Over 57
Year. of em full
54
48
ploy time Un
and
Over
and under
54.
48.
and and
ees. hours der
60.
under 54.
under under
48.
per
60.
51.
57.
week.
CAB IN E TM AKE RS, M A LE.
Illinois:
' 1907
1908
1909
1 1910
174
122
140
151
54.3
54.4
54.4
54.8
16
18
17
137
83
102
131
4
4
5
5
17
17
16
15
16 establishments___ f 1910
L1911
306
276
56.6
57.5
18
12
138
91
18
22
132
151
r 1911
L1912
326
342
57.8
58.5
12
12
91
54
43
39
180
237
r 1907
1908
1909
1910
129
112
142
154
59.5
59.5
59.4
59.2
13
4
8
14
19
21
20
r 1910
L1911
243
239
59.4
59.4
24
19
26
54
176
142
17
24
i 1911
L1912
298
276
59.4
58.9
29
39
31
73
214
141
24
23
f 1911
60
61
59.8
58.6
3
21
5
4
52
36
f 1910
103
106
49.1
49.2
43
45
56
56
1911
7 establishments____ rL 1912
Michigan:
f 1907
1908
5 establishments____ I 1909
[ 1910
128
99
49.6
50.0
45
26
68
60
121
87
105
130
58.1
58.0
57.4
56.8
54
32
43
74
18
52
58
52
49
3
4
4
f 1910
408
419
58.6
57.7
98
186
101
20
209
213
r 1911
L 1912
393
421
57.6
57.7
183
195
20
8
190
218
r 1911
l 1912
78
83
60.0
60.0
r 1910
l 1911
287
307
59.2
58.2
7
9
23
23
36
188
221
34 establishments.
North Carolina:
7 establishments..
r
i9ii
[ 1912
423
425
58.6
57.2
9
28
17
52
239
78
158
125
r 1910
l 1911
92
105
59.8
59.9
14
15
78
90
10 establishments.
Ohio:
18 establishments.
Pennsylvania:
5 establishments..
f
1911
I 1912
124
94
59.9
59.8
15
13
109
81
r
i9 ii
L1912
191
196
59.2
59.3
26
25
10
9
155
162
f 1910
89
122
57.2
55.8
49
58
40
43
50
55
81
87
6 establishments___
19 establishments.
Indiana:
11 establishments___
19 establishments___
21 establishments___
Maryland:
5 establishments___
Massachusetts:
6 establishments____
17 establishments.
14 establishments.
Missouri:
8 establishments..
New York:
21 establishments.
19 establishments. .
I 1912
I 1911
I 1911
I 1911
r 1911
I 1912
249 58.8
264 ; 58.8
116
89
113
120
4
5
10
8
78
83
21
142
87
118
122
175
WAGES AND HOXJBS OP LABOR, 1890 TO 1912— FUENITURE.
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Aver
age
Num nom
ber inal
Year. of em full
ploy time
ees. hours
per
week.
Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Un
der
48.
48.
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
54.
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
60.
Over
60.
CABINETMAKERS, MALE—
concluded.
Tennessee:
5 establishments-----Wisconsin:
7 establishments-----8 establishments.......
1911
1912
76
62
59.7
59.7
5
4
71
58
1910
1911
78
84
59.4
59.5
31
34
47
50
1911
1912
92
91
59.5
59.8
34
58
71
1911
1912
87
79
56.4
57.0
1911
1912
6
7
59.0
58.9
1911
1912
40
27
44.6
44.8
1911
1912
100
100
58.1
57.9
1911
1912
88
58.2
56.2
20
CARVERS, HAND.
Illinois:
17 establishments----Indiana:
5 establishments-----Massachusetts:
4 establishments-----Michigan:
13 establishments. . . .
New York:
19 establishments—
Ohio:
4 establishments____
Pennsylvania:
11 establishments___
Wisconsin:
2 establishments.......
76
7
1911
1912
7
59.6
59.4
1911
1912
29
30
57.2
57.1
1911
1912
8
58.4
59.9
1911
1912
20
7
4
5
43
31
1
1
38
25
9
31
43
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
38
41
5
29
13
4
9
8
6
54
53
32
20
38
14
3
4
4
3
8
6
6
9
5
13
4
8
8
1
6
CHAIR ASSEMBLERS, MALE,
Massachusetts:
2 establishments.......
Michigan:
3 establishments.......
New York:
2 establishments.......
North Carolina:
2 establishments........
Ohio:
3 establishments.......
1911
1912
19
100
117
56.8
56.6
5
5
15
14
57.3
57.3
1911
1912
22
19
60.0
55.8
1911
1912
15
15
60.0
60.0
1911
1912
20
20
60.0
59.7
Illinois:
8 establishments........
1907
1908
1909
1910
295
213
258
269
55.0
55.6
55.5
55.5
18 establishments.
1910
1911
583
531
57.8
57.7
21 establishments.
1911
1912
605
619
57.9
58.4
29
36
71
81
22
8
U
15
15
20
3
17
241
150
186
194
25
32
39
44
29
31
33
31
194
187
104
83
285
261
187
101
88
113
317
390
FINISHERS, MALE.
28
1
1
176
BU LLETIN OF TH E BUEEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS.
T a b le
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 19] 2-Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Num
ber
of
emYear.
pi°y-
Aver- Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
nom
inal
Over 51
full
Over 57
time Un
48
54
and
48.
and under
54.
and and
hours der
60. Over
60.
under 54.
under under
48.
per
60.
51.
week.
57,
FINISHERS, MALE-—
concluded.
Indiana:
1907
1908
1909
1910
/ 1910
\ 1911
193
170
192
204
328
59.3
59.2
59.0
59.0
59.3
59.3
14
10
15
15
24
25
37
44
58
67
76
81
142
116
119
1911
1912
416
409
59.4
58.6
40
58
56
155
282
159
1911
1912
138
133
59.7
58.8
8
40
16
9
114
84
1910
1911
85
51.6
52.0
15
17
1911
1912
107
115
52.1
52.5
17
22
4 establishments. . .
1907
1908
1909
1910
182
121
137
172
57.5
57.3
56.4
56.4
109
80
93
115
52
34
35
41
16
19 establishments___
1910
1911
926
973
58.3
57.5
304
500
171
46
451
427
1911
1912
1,068
57.7
57.5
500
520
46
6
522
460
1911
1912
125
126
60.0
60.0
1910
1911
549
576
59.7
58.7
1911
1912
726
746
59.0
56.8
1910
. 1911
102
59.9
59.9
1911
. 1912
175
181
161
152
1911
. 1912
373
338
286
254
1910
k1911
134
r 1911
19 establishments___ t 1912
382
425
12 establishments..
20 establishments..
22 establishments..
Maryland:
7 establishments...
Massachusetts:
9 establishments. . .
9 establishments. . .
Michigan:
19 establishments. .
Missouri:
9 establishments.. .
New York:
24 establishments..
36 establishments..
North Carolina:
7 establishments.. .
11 establishments ..
Ohio:
23 establishments. .
Pennsylvania:
5 establishments.. .
5 establishments.
Wisconsin:
9 establishments.
10 establishments.
118
r i9 ii
l 1912
58.8
58.7
59.5
r 1911
k 1912
r 1910
L1911
56.6
55.3
187
164
125
126
46
317
310
494
242
372
96
350
182
91
104
23
90
108
44
67
134
146
181
196
76
115
161
10
162
161
191
187
122
85
41
37
177
WAGES AND HOTJBS OF LABOB, 1890 TO 1912-----FUKNITUBE.
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Continued.
State, and number of
establishments.
Aver Number of employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
age
nomi
nal
Over 51
full
Over 57
48
time Un
54
and
and
ploy- hours der 48. and under 54. and under 60. Over
60.
under 54.
per
under 60.
51.
57.
week.
Num
ber
Year.
of
em
MACHINE HANDS, MALE.
Illinois:
6 establishments.
1907
1908
1909
1910
152 54.9
112 54.9
134 55.0
147 55.1
116
79
16 establishments-----
1910
1911
452
425
58.2
58.4
113
1911
1912
510
518
58.6
59.1
47
12 establishments. . .
1907
1908
1909
1910
344
284
310
306
59.4
59.1
59.0
58.8
20 establishments___
1910
1911
512
513
59.3
59.3
1911
1912
688
679
59.2
58.8
220
1911
1912
158
156
59.6
59.0
11
136
108
1910
1911
128
126
55.2
55.0
61
63
17
13
1911
1912
160
149
54.3
55.5
63
13
17
5 establishments. .
1907
1908
1909
1910
238
171
193
203
57.6
57.6
56.9
56.7
137
81
105
116
30
77
77
75
71
13
19 establishments..
1910.
1911
676
657
58.0
57.1
258
399
143
37
275
221
1911
1912
734
703
57.4
57.3
406
37
11
286
1911
1912
203
206
59.6
59.6
1910
1911
523
527
59.6
58.7
32
281
223
1911
1912
747
776
59.1
57.1
352
96
387
235
1910
1911
158
168
59.8
59.8
127
135
1911
1912
276
248
59.9
59.7
243
204
1911
1912
370
389
59.5
59.5
304
314
1910
1911
129
128
56.8
55.4
1911
1912
544
544
58.8
58.7
1911
1912
157
129
59.6
59.5
19 establishments___
Indiana:
22 establishments.
Maryland:
7 establishments..
Massachusetts:
7 establishments..
9 establishments..
Michigan:
19 establishments..
Missouri:
9 establishments...
New York:
24 establishments..
37 establishments. .
North Carolina:
7 establishments.. .
12 establishments..
Ohio:
21 establishments..
Pennsylvania:
5 establishments. . .
22 establishments.
Tennessee:
5 establishments..
93372°—Bull.
59—13------ 12
105
16
288
37
51
344
412
60
84
109
124
185
184
161
132
147
274
252
68
77
130
402
286
77
81
7
41
11
12
190
192
304
32
102
112
151
154
291
278
143
117
178
BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS.
T able
V I .—CLASSIFIED NOMINAL FULL-TIME HOURS OF WORK PER
WEEK IN EACH STATE, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1912—Concluded.
State, and number of
establishments.
Num
ber
Year. of einploy-
Aver Number of
age
nom
inal
full
time Un
hours der
48.
per
48.
week.
employees whose nominal full-time working
hours per week were—
Over 51
48
and and
under under
54.
51.
54.
Over 57
54
and and
under under
60.
57.
60. I Over
60.
MACHINE HANDS, M A L E -
concluded.
Wisconsin:
8 establishments.
9 establishments___
1910
1911
291
271
59.4
59.5
1911
1912
293
291
59.8
1911
1912
203
215
53.7
55.1
129
112
162
159
181
236
UPHOLSTERERS.
Illinois:
8 establishments___
Indiana:
5 establishments----Massachusetts:
3 establishments___
Michigan:
7 establishments___
New York:
10 establishments.. .
Ohio:
5 establishments___
Pennsylvania:
5 establishments___
Wisconsin:
4 establishments___
1911
1912
57.1
57.3
1911
1912
50.0
50.0
1911
1912
58.3
57.8
1911
1912
78 i 56.5
54.5
1911
1912
57.3
57.6
1911
1912
56.3
52.6
1911
1912
48
1911
1912
52
1911
1912
49 ! 59.6
39 59.1
1911
1912
55.0
55.0
182
143
23
25
57.5
57.8
25
19
VENEERERS, MALE.
Illinois:
15 establishments...
Indiana:
12 establishmen ts...
Massachusetts:
2 establishments........
Michigan:
14 establishments___
Missouri:
3 establishments........
New York:
18 establishments___
Ohio:
9 establishments........
Pennsylvania:
10 establishments___
Tennessee:
4 establishments........
Wisconsin:
5 establishments........
1911
1912
148
133
1911
1912
1911
1912
57.4
56.9
52
58.6
56.7
59.3
59.3
1911
1912
59.4
59.2
1911
1912
87
60.0
60.0
1911
1912
1911
1912
16
9
16
59.7
59.4
32
32
17
@FedFRASER