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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR S T A T IS T IC S R O Y A L M E E K E R , C o m m issio n e r BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES\ /W H O L E 1 /?Q BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ ‘ ' * tNUMBER 1 0 0 W AGES AND HOURS OF LABOR S E R IE S : N o. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY 1907 TO 1913 A P R I L , 1 91 5 W A S H IN G T O N G O V E R N M E N T P R I N T IN G O F F IC E 1 91 5 16 C O N T E N T S . Page. Introduction and summary....................... - ..................................................... 5-15 Full-time working days per week............................................................... 9-11 Full-time working hours per week.............................................................. 11-13 Common laborers......................................................................................... 13-15 Explanation of scope and method...................................................................... 15-23 Method of computing averages.................................................................... 20,21 Keason for taking 1913 as base year............................................................ 21 Method of computing relative numbers...................................................... 21-23 Description of departments and of occupations................................................. 23 Previous reports................................................................................................. 23,24 Blastfurnaces..................................................................................................... 25-58 Summary.................................................................................................... 25-37 Full-time working days per week..................................................... .. 35,36 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.... 38-44 Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913............. 45-48 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913.................................................................. 49-54 Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913...................................................................... 55-58 Bessemer converters........................................................................................... 59-95 Summary.................................................................................................... 59-71 69, 70 Full-time working days per week............................... ................... . Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913....... 72-78 Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913............ 79-83 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913............................................................. . 84-90 Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913...................................................................... 91-95 Open-hearth furnaces.......................................................................................97-122 Summary...................................................................................................97-106 Full-time working days per week.................................................... 103-105 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913 . . 107-110 Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913......... 111-114 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913............................................................... 115-118 Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913................................................................... 119-122 Blooming mills............................................................................................... 123-142 Summary................................................................................................. 123-130 Full-time working days per week..................................................... 129,130 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913... 131-133 3 4 CONTENTS. Blooming mills—Concluded. Page. Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913......... 134-136 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913............................................................... 137-139 Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913.................................................................. 140-142 Plate mills...................................................................................................... 143-167 Summary................................................................................................. 143-151 Full-time working days per week............................................ ............ 150 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913... 152-155 Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913......... 156-159 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913............................................................... 160-163 Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913.................................................................. 164-167 Standard rail mills.......................................................................................... 169-202 Summary........................................... ..................................................... 169-178 Full-time working days per week......................................................... 177 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913... 179-184 Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913........ 185-190 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913............................................................... 191-196 Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913................................................................... 197-202 Bar mills......................................................................................................... 203-296 Summary................................................................................................. 203-217 209 Earnings of rolling crews, by size of m ills.......................................... Full-time working days per week..................................................... 214-216 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913... 218-242 Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913......... 243-258 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913............................................................... 259-280 Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913 .................................................................. 281-296 Sheet mills.................................................................................................. :. 297-310 Summary................................................................................................. 297-304 Full-time working days per week..................................................... 303, 304 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour, by years, 1910 to 1913.................................... 305-307 Table II.—Average and classified full-time hours per week, by years, 1910 to 1913.......................................................................................... 308-310 Tin-plate mills............................................................................................... 311-328 Summary................................................................................................. 311-319 Full-time working days per week......................................................... 318 Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour, by years, 1910 to 1913..................................... 320-324 Table II.—Average and classified full-time hours per week, by years, 1910 to 1913........................................................................................... 325-328 B U L L E T IN O F T H E U . S. B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . WHOLE NO. 168. W A S H IN G T O N . APRIL, 1915. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY, 1907 TO 1913. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. In this report are presented the full-time weekly earnings, the rates of wages or earnings per hour, and the customary full-time hours of labor per week in the principal productive occupations in nine de partments or subdivisions of the iron and steel industry in the United States for the years 1912 and 1913, in addition to similar statistics for 1907 to 1912, inclusive, repeated from Bulletin 151 (May, 1914) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The several departments of the industry covered and the years for which information is now shown are as follows: Iron smelting: Blast furnaces, 1907-1913. Steel making: Bessemer converters, 1907-1913. Open-hearth furnaces, 1910-1913. Steel working: Rolling mills— Blooming mills, 1910-1913. Plate mills, 1910-1913. Standard rail mills, 1910-1913. Bar mills, 1907-1913. Sheet mills, 1910-1913. Tin-plate mills, 1910-1913. The information here presented is for one pay-roll period in each year, obtained from certain representative plants in the industry. The pay period selected in most cases was the second half of May each year, but when conditions in May were not normal reports were taken for a normal period as near May as available. The number of plants covered and the number of employees for whom data are pre sented each year are stated in the table on pages 15 and 16. In the chapters relating to the several departments the full-time weekly earnings, the full-time hours of labor per week, and the rates of 5 6 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . wages or earnings per hour are shown for each occupation, and these figures are summarized in the form of percentages which show the trend of wages and hours from year to year in each department as a whole. Such summary figures for the several departments are as sembled, for the convenience of the reader, in this general intro duction. A marked increase in the rates of pay in the iron and steel indus try was made in the early part of 1913. As a result, in the three departments for which reports for seven years have been obtained— blast furnaces, Bessemer converters, and bar mills —full-time weekly earnings in 1913 in the principal productive occupations combined were from 6.6 to 26.4 per cent higher than in any one of the six years preceding. In 1913 full-time weekly earnings in such occupations in blast furnaces were 11.4 per cent higher than in 1907, 18.2 per cent higher than in 1908, 19.2 per cent higher than in 1909, 10.5 per cent higher than in 1910,. 9.5 per cent higher than in 1911, and 10.1 per cent higher than in 1912. Full-time weekly earnings in such occupations in the Bessemer converting department in 1913 were 15.7 per cent higher than in 1907, 26.4 per cent higher than in 1908, 18.9 per cent higher than in 1909, 13.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 19.2 per cent higher than in 1911, and 10.9 per cent higher than in 1912. In bar mills the full-time weekly earnings in such occupations in 1913 were 8.2 per cent higher than in 1907, 20.5 per cent higher than in 1908, 17.9 per cent higher than in 1909, 6.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 12 per cent higher than in 1911, and 10.9 per cent higher than in 1912. In each of the three departments either 1908 or 1909 was the year of lowest full-time weekly earnings during the seven-year period. For the remaining six departments, for which reports have been obtained back to 1910 only, full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were from 3.8 per cent to 18.3 per cent higher than in any one of the three years preceding. In the selected occupations for the blast-furnace, Bessemer, and bar-mill departments there was a reduction of hours of labor between 1907 and 1913, and, except open-hearth furnaces and plate mills, all departments show a reduction of hours between 1910 and 1913. The facts above quoted are drawn from the following table, which treats of three correlated subjects: Full-time hours of labor per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings. The heavy faced figures of this table are relative numbers. These relative num bers are simply percentages computed from the actual weekly earn ings, the actual hours of labor, and the actual rates of wages per hour W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R -----IN T R O D U C T IO N A N D S U M M A R Y . 7 appearing in the tables relating to the occupations in the several departments. In computing such relative numbers the actual figures for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent; thus the facts for each preceding year are brought into direct comparison with the facts for the latest year available, namely, 1913. The relative for each year preceding 1913 is the per cent which the average in that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the table following shows that the relative full-time weekly earnings of employees in the principal productive occupations in blast furnaces in 1907 were 89.8 per cent of such weekly earnings in 1913. The weekly earnings decreased in 1908 to 84.6 per cent of the earnings in 1913, and in 1909 to 83.9 per cent. There was an increase to 90.5 in 1910, a slight increase in 1911, and a slight decrease in 1912, followed by a marked increase in 1913, when the relative is 100. The relative numbers for full-time hours per week in blast furnaces decreased from 103 in 1907 to 100 in 1913; in other words, the average full-time hours of work per week in 1907 were 103 per cent of the average full-time hours in 1913. The other relative numbers of the table are read in like manner. The method of computing these relative numbers from the averages of the hours and wages shown in the several tables of this report is explained on pages 21 to 23. In addition to the relative numbers of this table, percentages have been computed showing the per cent of increase or decrease in 1913 as compared with each year preceding 1913, and in each year com pared with the year immediately preceding. Referring to the weekly earnings of blast-furnace employees in the table, it is seen that the weekly earnings in 1913 were 11.4 per cent higher than in 1907, 18.2 per cent higher than in 1908, etc. The next column shows that the weekly earnings of blast-furnace employees in 1908 were 5.8 per cent lower than in 1907, 0.8 per cent lower in 1909 than in 1908, 7.9 per cent higher in 1910 than in 1909, and so on. The percentages for hours per week and wages per hour for this and the other departments presented in the table are read in like manner. 8 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEATJ OF LABOR STATISTICS. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , WAGES PER HOUR, AND W E E K L Y EARN INGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE, IN SPECI FIED YEARS, B Y DEPARTMENTS. Wages per hour. Hours per week. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Department and year. Blast furnaces: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Bessemer converters: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Open-hearth furnaces: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Blooming mills: 191 0 . 191 1 191 2 :. . . 191 3 Plate mills: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Standard rail mills: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Bar mills: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 . 191 3 Sheet mills: 191 0 191 1 191 2 . 1913....................... . Tin-plate mills: 191 0 . 191 1 . 191 2 . 1913........................ Rela tive full time hours per week. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Rela tive Each Each tive Each rate speci speci full 1913 as fied 1913 as fied as speci of time 1913 fied comcom comyear wages year weekly year pared per earnas as as with with with hour. com com com each each each pared pared speci pared speci speci with with with fied fied fied year year year year. year. year. pre prepreceding. 103.0 101.5 102.4 102.5 101.5 99.0 100.0 - 2 .9 - 1 .5 -2 .3 -2 .4 -1 .5 +1.0 102.9 98.7 102.6 103.4 101.0 100.7 100.0 -2 .8 +1.3 - 2 .5 -3 .3 - 1 .0 - .7 99.4 96.9 98.6 100.0 - 1 .5 + .9 + .1 -1 .0 -2 .5 +1.0 87.1 83.1 82.1 88.6 90.2 92.3 100.0 +14.8 +20.3 +21.8 +12.9 +10.9 + 8.3 -4 .1 +4.0 + -8 -2 .3 - .3 - .7 83.9 78.0 81.3 84.9 81.2 89.8 100.0 +19.2 +28.2 +23.0 +17.8 +23.2 +11.4 +3.2 +1.4 -2 .5 +1.8 +1.4 88.2 88.2 91.9 100.0 +13.4 +13.4 + 8.8 101.0 100.4 100.4 100.0 - 1 .0 - .4 - .4 - 83.9 84.8 89.5 100.0 +19.2 +17.9 +11.7 99.3 98.7 99.6 100.0 + *7 +1.3 + .4 104.3 99.7 99.9 100.0 -4 .1 + .3 + .1 101.6 101.1 102.1 101.8 100.5 100.3 100.0 -1 .6 -1 .1 -2 .1 -1 .8 - .5 - .3 100.9 99.8 99.6 100.0 100.0 99.8 99.6 100.0 .6 +12.6 +16.8 + 9.2 + .9 + .4 85.6 91.6 100.0 -4 .4 + .2 + .1 89.2 89.6 100.0 - .5 +1.0 - .3 -1 .3 - .2 - .3 91.5 82.2 83.8 92.8 89.0 89.9 100.0 + 9.3 +21.7 +19.3 + 7.8 +12.4 +11.2 + .2 + .4 -1 .1 - .2 + .4 85.6 93.5 96.4 100.0 +16.8 + 7.0 + 3.7 )o +(1 .2 + ..4 - .2 - .2 + .4 85.0 95.0 96.4 100.0 +17.6 + 5.3 + 3.7 1No change. +12.5 +12.1 +11.6 -4 .6 - 1.2 + 7.9 + 1.8 + 2.3 + 8.3 89.8 84.6 83.9 90.5 91.3 90.8 100.0 +11.4 +18.2 +19.2 +10.5 + 9.5 +10.1 - 7.0 + 4.2 + 4.4 - 4.4 +10.6 +11.4 86.4 79.1 84.1 88.0 83.9 90.2 100.0 +15.7 +26.4 +18.9 +13.6 +19.2 +10.9 / I , 85.6 90.8 100.0 84.8 +13.4 +16.8 +10.1 +17.9 +16.6 +11.4 + 1.1 + 5.5 +11.7 100.0 - 3.6 + 7.0 + 9.2 87.7 84.5 91.1 100.0 +14.0 +18.3 + 9.8 + .3 + •4 +11.6 91.3 88.6 89.4 100.0 + 9.5 +12.9 +11.9 -1 0.2 + 1.9 +10.7 - 4 .1 + 1.0 +11.2 92.4 83.0 84.8 93.8 89.3 90.2 100.0 + 8.2 +20.5 +17.9 + 6.6 +12.0 +10.9 + 9.2 + 3.1 + 3.7 86.0 93.4 96.1 100.0 +16.3 + 7.1 + 4.1 +11.8 + 1.5 + 3.7 85.0 94.9 96.3 100.0 +17.6 + 5.4 + 3.8 - 5.8 - .8 + 7.9 + .9 - .5 +10.1 - 8.4 + 6.3 + 4.6 - 4.7 + 7.5 +10.9 - 2.9 + 6.1 +10.1 + 1.2 + 4.7 +11.4 + 7.8 + 9.8 - 3.0 + .9 +11.9 -1 0 .2 + 2.2 +10.6 - 4.8 + 1.0 +10.9 + 8.6 + 2.9 + 4.1 +11.6 + 1.5 + 3.8 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. 9 FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. A blast furnace from the nature of its process must be in continuous operation day and night seven days per week. In 1907, in the 20 plants reported for that year, for 97.2 per cent of all employees in the occupations presented, the customary working time was seven days per week, and for the remaining 2.8 per cent it was six days per week. Between 1907 and 1913 there was a material reduction in seven-day work, many plants having made provision to lay off each employee in rotation one day in seven, thus making a six-day week for the employee, while the plant was continuously in operation seven days. Therefore, in 1913, 36 plants reported only 79.8 per cent of all employees in the occupations presented working seven days per week and 20.2 per cent working six days per week. The steel-making departments— Bessemer converters and openhearth furnaces—normally are in operation day and night six days per week. A shutdown usually is made over Sunday for a period varying from 12 to 36 hours. When the demand for production is heavy, however, the plants are operated seven days per week. In 1907, a year of large production, 24.1 per cent of the employees in the 9 Bessemer plants covered worked seven days per week. In the next two years the percentage was small. In 1910, another prosperous year, 32.1 per cent of the employees in the 10 plants covered that year worked seven days per week. In 1913 only 10.8 per cent of the employees of the 10 plants covered worked seven days per week. Throughout the seven-year period the majority of the employees in the Bessemer converting department worked six days per week, while a few worked six and seven days in alternate weeks. In open-hearth furnaces in 1913, 34.2 per cent of the employees were customarily working seven days per week and 36.2 per cent were working six and seven days in various combinations. In blooming mills in 1913,12 per cent of the employees were working seven days per week and 12 per cent six and seven days in alternate weeks. In the other rolling mills in 1913 the per cent of employees working seven days per week was very small. The figures for all years covered in the nine departments appear in the table following. 10 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUEEAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN THE PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS IN EACH DEPARTMENT W ORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EEK, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Per cent of employees whose customary working time per week was- 5 days Department, and number Year. and of plants. 5 6 days. days alter nate ly. Blast furnaces: 20 plants... 5 5 d y s , days, 5 days days, days, and and and 6 7 6 6 days. days days days alter in in nate rota rota ly. tion. tion. 6 days and 7 days alter nate ly. 5 6 6 days, days, days, 7 days, days, days, 7 and and and days. 7 7 7 days days days in in in rota rota rota tion. tion. tion. 1907 1908 1909 1910 2.8 5.2 3.1 4.6 1910 1911 4.9 11.1 (*) 95.1 88.9 35 plants. 1911 1912 11.1 17.9 (1) C1) 88.9 82.0 36 plants. 1912 1913 18.1 20.2 C1) (1) 81.8 79.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 ......... ......... ......... ......... 61.1 13.1 9.6 69.1 62.2 13.8 56.0 ......... 3.8 10 plants. 1910 1911 57.8 76.9 3.8 6.0 10 plants. 1911 1912 77.0 69.0 10 plants. 1912 1913 68.8 73.1 34 plants. Bessemer converters: 9 plants............... Open-hearth furnaces: 17 plants............... 97.2 94.8 96.9 95.4 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.7 1.0 .9 .7 24.1 18.7 21.8 33.7 1.0 1.6 .7 .9 32.1 14.7 5.9 13.8 1.6 1.4 .9 .8 14.6 14.9 12.7 10.0 2 2.1 25.4 .6 .7 15.7 10.8 4.7 4.5 1910 1911 ......... 6.2 3.8 33.6 ......... 45.4 0.5 1.0 27.7 32.1 ......... .1 ......... 32.1 17.6 17 plants. 1911 1912 3.7 1.7 45.6 36.2 1.0 32.0 37.1 .1 .1 17.5 25.0 17 plants. 1912 1913 ......... 1.7 1.8 33.4 427.7 1910 1911 1912 0.1 .1 6.6 5.5 4.7 65.6 63.5 64.0 1912 1913 .1 .1 4.9 5.0 ......... 1910 1911 1912 2.5 1.7 13.1 35.0 33.7 60.7 9.9 63.6 ......... 12.0 ......... 82.0 .5 57.2 .2 57.0 .7 1912 1913 1.5 32.9 36.6 56.8 53.9 1.1 1.9 1910 1911 67.7 89.8 .5 5.0 1.8 2.2 30.0 3.1 7 plants. 1911 1912 90.5 90.0 4.6 6.0 2.0 1.9 3.0 2.1 7 plants., 1912 1913 97.1 96.5 1.0 1.3 .2 2.0 2.0 Blooming mills: 19 plants___ 19 plants. Plate mills: 11 plants. 11 plants............ Standard rail mills: 6 plants............. 35.5 3.6 .3 32.5 ......... 62.1 6 1.6 28.6 34.2 10.3 15.2 15.0 17.5 15.7 16.3 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Including 0.5 per cent who worked 7 days every fourth week, s Worked 7 days every fourth week. 4 Including 0.2 per cent who worked 7 days every sixth week. 5 Including 1.7 per cent who worked 7 days every fourth week. 6 Including 1.3 per cent who worked 6 days every fourth week. 7.4 7.2 ......... 16.9 12.0 4.5 5.2 6.8 .5 7.6 7.1 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — IN T R O D U C T IO N A N D S U M M A R Y . 11 PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN THE PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS IN EACH DEPARTMENT W ORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EE K , BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913—Concluded. Per cent of employees whose customary working time per week was— 5 days Department, and number Year. and of plants. 6 5 days. days alter nate ly. 5 5 days, days, 5 days days, days, and 6 and and 7 6 6 days. days alter days days in in nate rota rota ly* tion. tion. 6 days and 7 days alter nate ly. 5 6 6 days, days, days, 7 days, days, days, 7 and and and days. 7 7 7 days days days in in in rota rota rota tion. tion. tion. Bar mills: 15 plants... . . . . . . . r. - - - 1907 1908 1909 1910 1.8 3.2 1.3 1.1 51.5 48.7 47.6 45.5 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.9 39.0 41.9 43.2 47.9 0.6 .5 .4 .4 1.6 1.0 1.8 .9 1.1 .7 1.7 .6 25 p la n ts..................... 1910 1911 4.3 1.0 30.0 41.3 1.1 1.1 1.2 60.1 1.2 154.O .2 .3 .5 .9 2.6 .2 26 plants....................... 1911 1912 1.0 1.4 43.1 45.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 152.5 1.1 249.2 .3 .2 .7 .8 .3 .4 26 plants........................ 1912 1913 1.3 4.0 48.0 50.6 1.0 3 1.3 1.1 1.0 46.6 32.7 .2 .1 1910 1911 .1 .1 2.0 1.4 81.3 83.9 16.2 14.1 1911 1912 .1 .1 1.4 1.7 83.6 84.0 14.4 13.6 ......... .1 ......... ......... ......... 8 plants......................... 1912 1913 Tin-plate mills: 5 plants......................... 1910 1911 .1 .1 1.9 1.7 87.2 86.8 10.2 11.1 .2 .1 .1 .6 .5 79.2 79.6 20.1 19.8 .1 .4 1.5 78.8 79.0 20.7 19.5 1.8 .6 77.8 75.4 Sheet mills: 9 plants......................... 9 plants......................... 6 plants......................... 1911 1912 6 plants......................... 1912 1913 1.9 20.2 22.0 .9 1.6 ......... 0.2 8.2 .4 .6 ‘o.T .5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 (4) (4) .1 .3 1 Including 0.3 per cent who worked 7 days every fifth week. 2 Including 0.2 per cent who worked 7 days every fifth week. * Including 0.2 per cent who worked 5 days every fourth week. 4 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. FULL-TIME WORKING HOURS PER WEEK. Employees in the principal productive occupations of the several departments are classified in the next table to show the per cent working specified hours per week. Referring to the figures for blast furnaces it is seen that in 1907, in 20 plants reported, 2.8 per cent of the employees reported worked 60 hours per week when they worked full time, 12.9 per cent worked over 60 and under 72 hours per week, less than one-tenth of 1 per cent worked 72 hours per week, 4.6 per cent worked over 72 and under 84 hours per week, and 79.7 per cent worked 84 hours per week. By 1910 the employees working 84 hours per week had decreased to 76.3 per cent in the same 20 plants, or as shown by 34 plants to 74.6 per cent. A very material reduction was made in working hours by 1911 and a still greater reduction by 1912, In 1911 the employees working 84 hours per week had been 12 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . reduced to 71.7 per cent of all employees as shown by the returns from 34 plants, or to 71.9 per cent as shown by 35 plants. In 1912 the per cent of employees in 35 plants working 84 hours per week had been reduced to 61.4 per cent, or to 61.2 per cent in 36 plants. In 1913 the per cent working 84 hours had increased slightly, being 62.6, including less than one-tenth of 1 per cent working 91 hours. The per cent of employees working specified hours in the Bessemer converting department and some other departments differed ma terially in the several years owing to fluctuations in the volume of business, and to changes from 12 to 8 hour shifts or vice versa. PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN THE PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS IN EACH DEPARTMENT W ORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HOURS PER W EE K , B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Department, and number of Year. Over plants. 48 and 48 and 56 and under. under under 60 56 Blast furnaces: 20 plants.... 1907 1908 1909 1910 60 Over 60 and under 72 2.8 4.8 2.6 3.7 12.9 16.9 15.1 12.1 0.1 .3 4.1 4.2 (i) 72 Over 72 and under 84 84 0.4 .9 4.6 7.3 8.4 7.0 79.7 71.0 73.5 76.3 12.5 11.7 .8 6.3 7.9 5.7 74.6 71.7 C1) 34 plants.. 1910 1011 35 plants.. 1911 1912 (l) .3 4.5 4.3 4.5 11.6 10.7 6.3 12.9 5.6 5.9 71.9 61.4 1912 1913 0) 0 4.4 .5 4.5 5.4 10.9 12.1 13.2 13.8 5.8 5.7 61.2 2 62.6 .5 2.4 .5 3.0 7.5 7.7 6.1 .8 20.5 27.1 24.9 30.0 23.7 14.8 26.1 12.9 3 23.1 16.0 17.5 4 28.6 Bessemer converters: 9 plants................ C1) 1907 1908 1909 1910 23.1 28.5 22.0 17.5 0.7 1.4 1.8 7.2 1.0 2.0 1.2 10 plants.. 1910 1911 16.6 19.4 6.8 1.1 1.1 3.1 2.5 .9 6.8 32.8 40.5 12.4 19.7 5 27.4 8.8 10 plants.. 1911 1912 19.3 23.2 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.4 1.6 6.7 6.6 40.9 29.9 19.6 21.5 8.7 14.6 10 plants.. 1912 1913 21.6 17.0 2.2 7.6 1.4 1.6 .8 7.0 7.7 30.1 33.2 20.7 23.7 15.4 10.0 1910 1911 .1 .9 1.3 .2 1.9 2.2 12.5 24.6 24.9 22.9 32.8 34.4 26.6 14.6 Open-hearth furnaces: 17 plants................ 17 plants.. 1911 1912 1.3 1.7 .2 2.2 1.6 24.8 10.9 22.8 25.9 34.3 39.8 14.6 19.9 17 plants.. 1912 1913 1.7 1.1 .1 .4 1.5 1.2 10.5 7.5 23.3 22.7 39.5 36.6 23.4 30.5 Blooming mills: 19 plants...... 19 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 2.3 1.6 2.1 5.9 7.7 7.6 1.0 1.6 1.3 10.3 11.3 11.4 56.5 55.8 54.7 6.6 10.0 10.6 17.4 12.0 12.2 1912 1913 2.2 2.1 8.0 7.6 1.3 1.0 11.1 12.3 51.7 52.1 13.3 16.5 12.4 8.3 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 2 Including less than one-tenth of 1 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 91. s Including 0.1 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 91. * Including 3.3 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 85. ®Including 3.1 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 85. W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R -----IN T R O D U C T IO N A N D S U M M A R Y . 13 PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN THE PRINCIPAL PRODUCTIVE OCCUPATIONS IN EACH DEPARTMENT WORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HOURS PER W EE K , B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913—Concluded. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Department, and number of plants. Plate mills: 11 plants.......... 11 plants.......... Standard rail mills: 6 plants........... Year. Over 48 and 48 and 56 and under. under under 60 56 60 Over 60 and under 72 72 Over 72 and under 84 1910 1911 1912 7.4 8.7 8.5 57.4 46.6 43.9 32.0 42.4 43.0 0.8 1.2 2.7 2.5 .7 11.7 1912 1913 8.2 6.6 41.9 41.9 42.5 44.3 5.1 4.7 *2.2 3 2.2 1910 1911 4.3 4.5 1.8 2.2 7.7 4.4 8.5 51.9 71.1 .7 30.0 3.1 7 plants........... 1911 1912 4.1 2.0 1.9 4.3 4.7 8.0 7.5 71.9 71.8 6.9 8.2 2.9 2.1 7 plants........... 1912 1913 3.9 3.6 1.5 1.5 3.9 6.7 7.9 4.2 78.1 79.7 3.2 2.8 1.5 1.5 1907 1908 1909 1910 4.5 4.1 3.9 4.6 7.1 6.7 9.0 12.4 10.2 11.8 51.6 47.2 2.6 57.4 19.4 20.1 9.3 12.9 .5 .4 .5 25 plants.......... 1910 1911 11.1 12.1 8.1 10.4 11.7 6.9 45.5 48.1 16.5 13.7 2.5 1.1 .2 26 plants.......... 1911 1912 11.4 10.8 10.6 11.8 8.0 7.3 46.7 45.1 13.5 13.7 1.0 1.3 .2 26 plants.......... 1912 1913 10.8 2.2 11.3 20.8 7.0 7.6 41.2 46.6 12.5 5.0 1.3 2.4 .2 .2 1910 1911 81.3 83.9 9.7 7.1 3.7 4.5 4.3 3.5 .4 .4 9 plants........... 1911 1912 83.6 84.0 7.0 7.3 4.9 5.1 3.5 2.8 .4 .2 8 plants............ 1912 1913 87.1 86.8 .1 5.5 4.5 3.2 3.5 3.1 4.4 1910 1911 80.5 80.8 2.1 2.2 4.0 5.2 2.8 2.5 .1 6 plants........... 1911 1912 80.1 2.1 3.0 5.5 5.2 3.1 2.7 .1 (5) 6 plants........... 1912 1913 79.3 78.9 2.9 1.0 5.9 6.2 3.1 4.6 .1 (5) Bar mills: 15 plants.......... Sheet mills: 9 plants........... Tin-plate mills: 5 plants........... 1.4 3.4 1.2 (5) .1 .1 (5) 1 Including 1.2 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 91. 2 Including 0.7 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 91. 3 Including 0.8 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 91. * Including 0.1 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 84|, and less than one-tenth of 1 per cent whose full-time working hours per week were 91. 8Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. COMMON LABORERS. The rate of wages paid common laborers is to a large extent a basic rate from which are determined the rates for other occupations requir ing little skill, hence the rate for common labor is of importance be yond the limits of the occupation proper. The rate per hour is prac tically the same in all the departments of a plant, but the earnings per day or week, of course, are determined by the number of hours worked. 14 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . There are in every department various occupations which require little skill but which have distinctive names and are necessary to the proper operation of the department, and employees in these occupa tions must be on duty during the entire working time of the department. They are usually paid very little if any more than the regular rate for common labor, but such positions are eagerly sought by laborers, owing to the regularity of employment and the consequent stability of earnings, as well as to the fact that men in these occupa tions are in line for promotion. Employees in these occupations are not generally classified as common laborers by iron and steel es tablishments and that custom so far as possible has been followed in this report. However, even after this exclusion, 22 per cent of all the employees tabulated for 1913 are classified as laborers. The table below shows the average rate per hour for common labor in the several departments, by years. For detailed information con cerning the rates of wages per hour, weekly earnings, and customary hours of labor in the occupations the reader is referred to the several chapters of this report. AVERAGE RATES OF WAGES PE R HOUR OF COMMON LABORERS IN EACH D E PART MENT, B Y DISTRICTS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913. [In this table each department of an establishment is counted as a separate plant. The number of plants stated is the total of all departments; the number of plants in each department is not shown here. The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Besse Open- Bloom Plate mer hearth ing con mills. fur verters. naces. mills. All de part ments. Blast fur- E astern: 4 plants___1907 $0,134 1908 .120 1909 .123 1910 .138 $0,135 .115 .119 .138 18 plants... 1910 1911 .142 .141 .142 .140 $0.145 .146 $0.143 .139 $0,131 .131 .147 .148 19 plants.. .1911 1912 .141 .143 .140 .144 .146 .152 .139 .141 .131 .131 .145 .142 20 plants.. .1912 1913 Pittsburgh: 17 plants... 1907 1908 1909 1910 .144 .157 .144 .151 .152 .168 .141 1 .133 .151 .145 .160 .154 .156 .152 .164 .152 .154 .152 .165 $0,156 .156 .153 .164 57 plants... 1910 1911 .164 .166 .166 .165 .164 .167 .162 .164 .168 .170 .167 .168 $0,161 .169 .161 .163 $0.164 .166 $0.165 .163 59 plants... 1911 1912 .166 .167 .165 .164 .167 .167 .164 .165 .170 .169 .168 .173 .169 .167 .163 .163 .166 .169 .164 .169 59 plants... 1912 1913 .167 .190 .188 .168 .192 .165 .190 .169 .192 .172 .193 .168 .191 .163 .182 .168 .191 .167 .190 Great Lakes and Middle West: 12 plants...1907 1908 1909 1910 .158 .153 .151 .162 .162 .152 .153 .161 .154 .152 .146 .159 37 plants... 1910 1911 .163 .166 .162 .166 .161 .164 District, year, and number of plants. Stand Bar ard rail mills. mills. Sheet mills. Tin plate mflls. $0,132 .131 .131 .138 .154 .157 .151 .163 .159 .158 .157 .169 . 162 .166 . 163 .166 .164 .164 .163 .169 .167 .166 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. 15 A V E R A G E RATES OF W AG ES PER HOUR OF COMMON LABO RERS IN EACH D EP AR TM ENT, B Y DISTRICTS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913—Concluded. District, year, and number of plants. All de part ments. Great Lakes and Middle West—Con. 39 plants.. .1911 $0.166 1912 .167 Blast far Openmer hearth BloomPlate ing con furmills. mills. verters, $0.166 .167 $0.164 .166 $0.166 .167 $0.166 .167 $0.164 .165 $0.169 $0.166 .167 .166 .190 .170 .167 .191 .162 .188 .194 .170 .194 Stand Bar ard rail mills. mills. 40 plants.. .1912 1913 Southern: 6 plants... .1907 1908 1909 1910 .168 .191 .166 .189 .130 .111 .112 .127 .130 .111 .112 .127 14 plants.. .1910 1911 .129 .131 .128 .131 .130 .130 .131 .132 14 plants.. .1911 1912 .131 .131 .131 .130 .130 .134 .132 .131 15 plants.. .1912 1913 Total: 39 plants.. .1907 1908 1909 1910 .130 .138 .130 .136 .132 .150 .131 .140 .151 .147 .145 .157 .146 .140 .138 .152 .155 .155 .151 .163 126 plants. .1910 1911 .158 .161 .150 .151 .163 .166 .157 .161 .162 .163 .159 .158 .163 131 plants. .1911 1912 .161 .162 .151 .152 .166 .167 .161 .163 .163 . Ib4 .158 .160 .168 134 plants. .1912 1913 .162 .183 .152 .171 .167 .192 .164 .187 .163 .184 .161 .181 .193 Sheet mills. Tin plate mills. .160 .160 $0.164 .166 $0.165 .163 .159 .166 .164 .160 .178 .168 .191 .167 .190 .153 .153 .150 .161 EXPLANATION OF SCOPE AND METHOD, The scope of the present investigation is stated in part on page 5. The number of plants and the number of employees for which data were obtained each year are specified in the following table: NUMBER OF PLANTS AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES INCLUDED IN THIS REPO RT, B Y DEPARTMENTS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913. Blast furnaces. Num ber of iden tical plants. 2 0 ... 3 4 ... 3 5 ... 3 6 ... Year. Num ber of em ployees. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 4,278 3,028 4,104 4,381 7,050 5,268 5,336 5,973 6,101 6,589 Bessemer converters. Num ber of iden tical plants. 9 ...... 1 0 ... 1 0 ... 1 0 ... Year. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 Bar mills. Num Num of ber of ber iden em tical ployees. plants. 1,757 1,179 1,352 1,649 1,730 1,342 1,350 1,460 1,494 1,661 1 5 ... 2 5 ... 2 6 ... 2 6 ... Year. Num ber of em ployees. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 2,378 2,216 2,315 2,560 4,092 3,707 3,924 4,050 4,114 4,320 16 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . NUMBER OF PLANTS AND NUMBER OF EM PLOYEES INCLUDED IN THIS R E PO RT, B Y DEPARTM EN TS, 1907 TO 1913 OR 1910 TO 1913—Concluded. Open-hearth furnaces. Num ber of iden tical plants. 1 7 ... 1 7 ... 1 7 ... Year. 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 Blooming mills. Num Num of ber of ber iden em tical ployees. plants. 3,341 3,065 3,073 3,182 3,246 3,498 1 9 ... 1 9 ... Standard rail mills. Num ber of iden tical plants. 6 .... 7 .... 7.. . Year. 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 Num ber of em ployees. 1,535 1,252 1,355 1,457 1,435 1,427 Plate mills. Year. Num ber of em ployees. Num ber of iden tical plants. 1910 1911 1912 1912 1913 1,064 948 988 975 998 1 1 ... 1 1 ... Sheet mills. Num ber of iden tical plants. 9 ___ 9 . 8 .. . Year. Num ber of em ployees. 1910 1911 1912 1912 1913 1,330 1.203 1.203 1,248 1,256 Tin-plate mills. Year. Num ber of em ployees. Num ber of iden tical plants. 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 2,346 2,772 2,781 2,716 2,439 2,487 5 .... 6 .... 6 Year. Num ber of em ployees. 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 2,149 2,310 2,487 2,694 2,739 2,778 Reports from 20 identical blast furnaces were obtained for the period 1907 to 1910. These same 20 plants furnished data for the years 1911 and 1912 and 14 additional plants reported data for the years 1910, 1911, and 1912, thereby making comparable data avail able for 34 plants for 1910 and 1911, while another plant was in cluded for 1911 and 1912, making figures available for those two years from 35 plants, and for 1912 and 1913 still another plant was included, making 36 blast-furnace plants for these two years. Com parable data were obtained for 4,278 blast-furnace employees in 1907 and 4,381 employees in 1910; for 7,050 in 1910 and 5,268 in 1911; for 5,336 in 1911 and 5,973 in 1912; and for 6,101 in 1912 and 6,589 in 1913. Reports were obtained from 9 identical Bessemer converting plants for the years 1907 to 1910, inclusive, and from 10 identical plants for the years 1910 to 1912, inclusive. Data for 1910 were not available, however, for one occupation in one of the ten plants reporting, so that two reports are shown for 1911. The first, 1,342, represents the number with data available for comparison with 1910; and the sec ond, 1,350, the number with data available for comparison with 1912. A second group of 10 identical plants furnished data for 1912 and 1913. The figures for other departments are explained in like manner. The figures for 1910 published in this report are a part of the data included in the report on “ Conditions of Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry,” made by this Bureau and published as Senate Document No. 110, Sixty-second Congress, first session. These W AGES A N D H O U RS OF L A B O R — SC O PE A N D M E T H O D . 17 figures for 1910 were collected in the fall of that year. The collection of data for the other years covered in Bulletin 151, from 1907 to 1912, was begun in the fall of 1912, complete reports for all years having been obtained at one time, and plants not continuously in operation from the time of starting until 1912 having been omitted. The collection of data for the year 1913 was begun in the summer of that year, and to keep a fair representation it was necessary, in some instances, to report new plants in place of those which for one reason or another were temporarily or permanently not in operation. In such added plants comparable data for 1912 were obtained together with data for 1913. Data for establishments were not included in this report unless information for at least two years was available. Direct compari sons of data for two or more successive years can be made properly only when the plants furnishing the data are identical, and the word is here used in the strictest sense. By identical plants is meant not only identical establishments of identical companies but also identical units or departments— as, for example, separate bar mills or groups of open-hearth furnaces. Frequently in this report the number of plants remains unchanged from year to year while the plants are not identical— one plant may have been shut down for repairs and another substituted, or when there was no change in the plants themselves it may have been impossible in one plant to obtain reports for one occupation in one year, or an establishment reporting several bar mills may have ceased operating one, or have added a new one. As in nearly every instance substituted plants were located in the immediate vicinity of those omitted it frequently happens that the new data corresponds very closely to the old and the two reports for one year are, therefore, in such cases nearly the same. In some instances an occupation as tabulated embraced two or more classes of employees (as, for example, shearmen’s helpers in blooming mills) and for some reason it may have been impossible to secure reports for one year for one class. In such a case, while the number of plants for the occupation remains unchanged, the plants in the two years are not considered identical and two reports are made for the connecting year, one comparable with the previous year when all classes making up the occupation were represented, and another comparable with the succeeding year when one class was omitted. Information was secured from plants-located in 11 States. To make the groups of data of sufficient volume to be of representative value, the several plants covered have been divided into four dis tricts. These districts were not established strictly on geographical fines, but rather according to the logical distribution of the industry. The “ Eastern district” includes eastern and central Pennsylvania, 83021°—Bull. 168—15----- 2 18 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Maryland, and New Jersey. The “ Pittsburgh district” includes not only the plants in Pittsburgh proper but also those in western Penn sylvania, those along the border line in Ohio from Youngstown south to Bellaire, and the plants which are located in the “ panhandle” of West Virginia. The “ Great Lakes and Middle West district” in cludes plants scattered along the Great Lakes from western New York to Illinois and Wisconsin, and also some plants in inland dis tricts, including Colorado. Although this is a very large territory geographically, it is essentially a unit industrially (so far as the iron and steel industry is concerned), the wage rates of the entire district being based largely on those paid in the two producing centers, Buf falo and Chicago. The 11Southern district” includes the establish ments in Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Kentucky, and in the southern part of Ohio. The southern Ohio plants are included with the Southern district because the conditions both as to wages paid and the general class of labor employed resemble much more closely the conditions of the Alabama and Kentucky plants than they do those of the other plants of Ohio. The plants included in the report are representative of the industry, and a fair apportionment is given to the several districts. The table following shows the number of plants, the number of furnaces, con verters, or mills represented, and the number of employees in the several departments for which data are published for the year 1913, by districts. NUMBER OF PLANTS, NUMBER OF FURNACES, CONVERTERS, OR MILLS, AND NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES, INCLUDED IN THIS R EPO RT, B Y DISTRICTS, 1913. Pittsburgh district. Eastern district. Department. Plants. Blast furnaces. . . » ................. Bessemer converters.............. Open-hearth furnaces............ Blooming mills...................... Plate mills............................. Standard rail mills................ Bar mills................................ Sheet mills............... •............ Tin-plate mills .................. Fur Fur Fur naces, naces, Em Em Plants. naces, Em con con ployees. Plants. con ployees. verters, verters, ployees. verters, or mills. or mills. or mills. 6 11 743 4 3 2 29 3 6 490 100 339 8 16 1,083 9 6 5 8 5 3 10 8 6 43 15 82 10 8 3 32 76 75 2,469 1,176 1,571 482 668 507 2,309 2,487 2,778 Southern district. Department. Blast furnaces........................ Bessemer converters............. Open-hearth furnaces............ Blooming mills...................... Plate mills............................. Standard rail mills............. Bar mills ......................... Sheet mills............................. Tin-plate mills...................... Great Lakes and Middle West district. 37 11 60 7 4 4 16 1,932 485 1,171 327 249 920 928 Total. Furnaces, converters, Employees. or mills. Plants. 10 4 6 6 4 4 8 11 23 1.445 2 2 11 2 266 89 Plants. 36 10 17 19 11 7 26 8 6 Furnaces, converters, Employees. or mills. 114 26 182 22 18 7 64 76 75 6,589 1,661 3,498 998 1,256 1,427 4,320 2,487 2,778 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — SC O P E A N D M E T H O D . 19 The greater part of the data presented was obtained by personal visits of agents of this Bureau to the several plants. A part of the information was obtained from the plants by correspondence, on schedules and under instructions prepared by the Bureau. In certain instances agents visited plants that had furnished data by corre spondence, to harmonize data not clearly expressed on the schedule. In general, the number of employees shown in the several tables, with the exception of laborers and those employed in certain other unskilled occupations, represents the number of employees required to man properly the positions in the mill under normal operating conditions, and is not the number of employees who might have appeared on the pay rolls during the pay period covered. For ex ample, a certain operation required 4 men, but during the pay-roll period there were times when one of these 4 did not report for duty and the position was filled by a different employee, and during the pay period a total of 6 men covered the 4 positions and appeared on the pay roll. In such instance the number of employees was reported as 4 and not 6. The data presented are for one pay-roll period in each year— the pay roll for the second half of May, except in the very few plants where abnormal conditions in May made it desirable to take some other period. The full-time hours of labor per week shown in the tables of the report are the regular hours of work of the several employees under normal conditions in the establishment. The working time is the time on duty including intervals of waiting for work; in other words, the time between the hour of reporting for duty and the hour of going off duty. The working time of employees is not always the working time of their occupation as a whole. Some plants operating 7 days per week make provision for laying off each employee one day a week. In such a plant the full-time hours per week of an employee working 12 hours a day is 72 hours. In a plant making no such provision, the full-time hours per week of an employee working 12 hours a day is 84 hours. The full-time hours per week and the relative or index numbers based thereon do not in any way indicate the extent of unemployment. Employees may work overtime, broken time, or be laid off, or a temporary reduction may be made in working hours, without such change affecting the full-time hours per week. The rates of wages per hour appearing in the tables include both the wages of time workers and the earnings of tonnage or piece workers. All time rates by the day or week have been reduced to rates per hour. The earnings of tonnage workers, the earnings of employees working at both time and tonnage rates, and the earnings of employees who, in addition to a regular time rate, receive a bonus based on produc 20 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. tion, also have been reduced to earnings per hour by dividing the earnings by the hours worked. The time workers and tonnage workers of each occupation are combined as one group. In this connection it should be noted that while in other industries the earnings of employees paid on a piecework basis usually are proportionate to the exertion and skill of the individual employee, in the iron and steel industry the earnings of tonnage workers depend upon the production of an entire department or group of employees. A change in the earnings per hour of tonnage workers does not of necessity indicate a change in tonnage or piece rates. A change in methods or machinery, a speeding up, or more steady work result ing from a greater volume of business, may increase the hourly earn ings or, on the other hand, changes in methods, a slowing down in speed, or a lull in business may reduce hourly earnings. Varying intervals while on duty waiting for work may also affect hourly earnings. The reports from the plants in most instances showed wages of each individual employee, but, in some cases, particularly in the sheet and tin mills, reports gave the aggregate wages of two or more persons in an occupation instead of wages of each individual. In such plants the classification of wages per hour is made of averages of aggregate wages of the employees, instead of wages of each indi vidual, and hence the classification in the tables of this report for the department as a whole is to some extent a combination of such averages and of individual earnings. The full-time weekly earnings are the earnings per week of em ployees working full time, or the earnings on broken time reduced to equivalent earnings for a full week. In considering changes in full time earnings per week notice should also be taken of changes in full-time hours of labor per week. A reduction in the hours of a pieceworker may reduce his earnings in a week and leave his earnings per hour unchanged, while a reduction of hours for a time worker will, if his weekly rate remains the same, increase his rate per hour. METHOD OF COMPUTING AVERAGES. The averages of full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings are computed by adding the data for each individual employee and dividing the total by the number of employees. It will be observed that the average full-time weekly earnings gen erally is not exactly the same as the result that would be obtained by multiplying the average rate per hour by the average hours per week, owing to the fact that the hourly rates for individual employees are based on varying hours per week, which has the effect of changing W AGES A N D H OU RS OF L A B O R — SC O PE A N D M ETH OD. the relative weighting of the wages of the several employees. hypothetical illustration shows the difference. Full-time hours per week. Employees. 1 1 1 1 Total.................4 Average........................... Rates of wages per week. 21 A Rates of wages per hour. 48 54 54 60 $15.00 14.00 16.00 12.00 $0,313 .259 .296 .200 216 54 57.00 14.25 1.068 .267 The product of $0,267 multiplied by 54 is $14.42, while the average earnings per week are $14.25. REASON FOR TAKING 1913 AS BASE YEAR. Relative full-time hours of labor, relative wages per hour, and rela tive full-time weekly earnings are briefly described on pages 6 and 7. It will be observed that in the tables of relative numbers the data for the latest year available, 1913 in this report, are taken as the base or 100 per cent. Relative or index numbers are most frequently used to compare the latest year with preceding years, as 1912 with 1913, 1911 with 1913, etc., and a comparison with 100 conveys a clearer idea than a comparison of any two numbers, neither of which is 100. For example, the ratio 96.4:100 is more readily grasped than the equal ratio 137.3:142.4. Another and more important reason for taking the last year, 1913, as the base, or 100 per cent, is that the data for 1913 are greater in amount and better in quality than for any preceding year. Thus, for blast furnaces data were obtained from 20 plants for 1907 and from 36 plants for 1913. While the average for 20 plants might pos sibly have been a fairly acceptable base, the average of nearly twice as many plants recently canvassed becomes more nearly representative of the industry, and thus a more satisfactory base. Starting with 1913 and computing the index back year by year to 1907 the weak ness, if any, in the data of earlier years can not manifest itself in the relative numbers except in the earlier years. But if the average for 1907 were taken as a base, any weakness beginning in the index of the earlier years would be continued down through the later years, though the basic data for such later years were entirely satisfactory. METHOD OF COMPUTING RELATIVE NUMBERS. The method of computing the relative numbers is best explained by an illustration. The full-time weekly earnings in 1911, 1912, and 1913 of stockers in the blast-furnace department is taken as an example. 22 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . Full-time weekly earnings............................................................. Relative full-time weekly earnings computed therefrom............ Full-time weekly earnings in identical establishments covering the full 3 years............................................................................. Relative full-time weekly earnings computed therefrom............ 32 34 32 Year. 1911 1912 $13.40 ....... 88*5* $13.61 $13.46 89.9 $i4.*98 100.0 coco Number of identical plants. $13.61 90.6 $15.03 100.0 1913 Data are available for this occupation from 1907 to 1913, but the figures for 1911 to 1913 only are used, being sufficient to illustrate the method of computing the relative numbers. The average for 1913 is taken as the base (100), then $13.46 divided by $14.98 equals 89.9 (89.853), the relative for 1912. The ratio of 1911 to 1912 is $13.40 divided by $13.61. The relative for 1912 just determined, 89.9 (89.853), multiplied by $13.40 divided by $13.61 equals 88.5 (88.466), the relative for 1911. In this report the relative number is published to one decimal place. This method of computing relative numbers is used because of the change that was made in the number of establishments to get a wider representation in the later years. In computing a series of relative numbers, account must be taken of changes in plants from year to year, as some discontinue operations or cease to be representative and new plants come into operation. Thirty-two plants furnished data for the entire 3-year period shown above. In addition, two other plants furnished data for 1912 and 1913. The earnings in these two plants were a little lower than in the others, making the average in 1912 $13.46 in the 34 plants, as against $13.61 in 32 plants. With a varying number of plants, such differences must be expected. The average earnings in 1913 for the 34 plants was $14.98. In the 32 plants, running through the full 3-year period, the average earn ings in 1913 were $15.03. Thus the averages for 34 plants show an increase in earnings from $13.46 in 1912 to $14.98 in 1913, while the averages for 32 plants show an increase from $13.61 in 1912 to $15.03 in 1913. Relatives have been computed on the data of the 32 plants and are presented in the table simply to illustrate the difference shown by relatives based on different amounts of data. The relatives based on the greatest amount of available data, being more nearly repre sentative, are presented in the several tables of relative numbers in the report. A word of caution is given as to the use of relative numbers. The per cent of increase or decrease from one year to another is not the difference between the relative numbers for the two years. Thus, in W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A BO R -----SC O PE A N D M E T H O D . 23 the table above, the relative full-time weekly earnings of stockers increased from 88.5 in 1911 to 89.9 in 1912, a difference of 1.4 in the relatives. This difference, 1.4, is 1.6 per cent of the relative 88.5. Thus the increase in earnings per full week from 1911 to 1912 was 1.6 per cent. The above illustration shows the method of computing the relative numbers for an occupation. Precisely the same method was used in computing the relative numbers for each department as a whole. For example, for each year the full-time weekly earnings of each employee of all occupations covered were added and the sum divided by the total employees covered, giving the average full-time weekly earnings of all employees in the department. From these averages (unpublished) the relative full-time weekly earnings for the industry were computed by the method illustrated above. This explanation applies equally to relative full-time hours of labor and to relative rates of wages per hour. DESCRIPTION OF DEPARTMENTS AND OF OCCUPATIONS. Descriptions of the functions and operations of the several depart ments of the iron and steel industry covered by this report and of the various occupations in each department are omitted from the present report, but may be found in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau, as may also figures for each geographical division for years preceding 1913. PREVIOUS REPORTS. Wages in the iron and steel industry have entered into several reports published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, among such reports being the Sixth Annual, the Nineteenth Annual, and Bulletins Nos. 59, 65, 71, 77, and 151. Two Senate documents contain reports of investigations made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics treating in part of wages in the iron and steel industry, namely: Report on Strike at Bethlehem Steel Works. Senate Document No. 521, Sixty-first Congress, second session. Report on Conditions of Employment in the Iron and Steel Industry in the United States. (4 vols.) Senate Document No. 110, Sixtysecond Congress, first session. The last-named document is a very comprehensive study of the wages, hours of labor, working conditions, etc., in the industry in the year 1910. It covered all occupations in the industry and practi cally all plants in operation in the United States. The wage data of this report were based mostly on a half-month pay roll, in most instances in the month of May. 24 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. The resources of the Bureau of Labor Statistics would not warrant such a large and expensive study to be made each year. This present report contains representative data only, as before stated, but such data cover not only 1910, but all the years from 1907 to 1913, inclu sive, in three departments and from 1910 to 1913 in six departments. BLAST FURNACES. SUMMARY. Summary figures relating to this department of the iron and steel industry are given with figures for other departments in the intro ductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explanation of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages or earnings per hour of employees in the principal productive occupations in blast furnaces was from 8.3 per cent to 21.8 per cent higher than in any one of the six years preceding, and, despite the fact that the average full-time hours were 2.9 per cent lower than at the beginning of the seven-year period, this very marked increase in rates of wages was so reflected in full-time weekly earnings that the average earnings of such employees in 1913 were from 9.5 per cent to 19.2 per cent higher than in any one of the six years preceding. The most significant facts concerning the several occupations of the blast-furnace industry appearing in this report are summarized in the table following. Data are presented for each year from 1907 to 1913, inclusive, two reports being given for 1910, for 1911, and for 1912, owing to changes in the number of plants from year to year. Figures for identical plants are grouped together. The data for 1913 represent 6,589 employees, in the 16 occupations covered, and were obtained from 36 plants having a total of 114 stacks in blast. Referring to the first occupation presented, laborers, direct com parison can be made of data from 20 identical plants from 1907 to 1910, for 34 identical plants for 1910 and 1911, for 35 identical plants for 1911 and 1912, and for another group of 35 identical plants for 1912 and 1913. The first fine shows that in 1907 the 20 blast-furnace plants which furnished information employed 957 laborers and that the average hours of work of these laborers, when working full time, was 75.8 hours per week. For 11.1 per cent of the 957 laborers the full-time hours of work per week were 60 and under; for 36.6 per cent, over 60 and under 72; for 0.1 per cent, 72; for 5.4 per cent, over 72 and under 84; and for 46.8, or nearly one-half, 84. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of laborers in the year considered (1907) was $0,146. Of the total number 3.7 per cent earned under 12 cents per hour, 28.6 per cent received 12 and under 14 cents per hour, 39.8 per cent received 14 and under 16 cents per hour, and 27.9 per cent received 16 and under 18 cents per hour. The average earnings for a full week’s work was $11.13. The other lines of the table are read in the same manner. 25 26 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in 20 identical plants the average full-time weekly earnings of laborers was $11.13 in 1907. In the next two years there was a drop to $10.24 and $10.17, respectively, and in 1910 an advance to $11.18. While the average full-time weekly earnings in 1910 in 20 plants was $11.18, the average in 34 plants for the same year was $11.23. In the 34 plants there was a decrease from $11.23 per week in 1910 to $11.13 in 1911. The difference between $11.23 and $11.13 measures the change from 1910 to 1911. It would not be a proper comparison, however, to state that earnings decreased only from $11.18 in 1910 to $11.13 in 1911, because of the change in plants and the difference known to exist in the averages for 1910 in the two groups of plants. In 35 plants there was an increase from $11.14 in 1911 to $11.15 in 1912, and in the second group of 35 plants an increase from $11.15 in 1912 to $12.43 in 1913. The other items of this table should be studied with like care. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 of the several occupations it is seen that the lowest earnings are found in the occupation of laborers, the average being $12.43. Several other occupations receive but little more. The highest earnings in any occupation of this department are found in the occupation of blowers, the average full-time weekly earnings in this occupation being $26.84 in 1913. In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BLAST FURNACES. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Occupation, and number of plants. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Num Aver age age ber full rate of Over Qver of time Year. em 72 60 60 wages ploy hours per and and 72 and 84 per ees. week. un un un hour. der. der der 72 84 Laborers: 20 plants............... 1907 1908 1909 1910 34 plants.............. 957 718 757 902 75.8 72.8 73.0 73.6 11.1 19.8 13.5 17.6 Per cent of employees whose earnings per Aver hour were— age full time 12 14 16 Un and and and 18 week ly der un un un cts. 12 der der der and earn ings. cts. 14 16 18 over. cts. cts. cts. 36.6 0.1 5.4 46.8 $0,146 3.7 28.6 39.8 27.9 37.9 15.2 27.2 .140 24.7 10.3 41.1 24.0 49.9 **2*0 7.0 27.6 .138 23.6 25.9 24.4 26.0 36.8 2.5 5.0 38.0 .152 4.2 21.8 21.1 52.9 i....... $11.13 10.24 10.17 11.18 1910 1911 1,423 935 74.7 18.9 28.4 73.3 21.1 30.8 1.8 20.9 29.9 3.0 14.3 30.8 .150 3.1 23.3 32.7 40.8j....... 11.23 .151 4.1 25.7 24.0 46.3!....... 11.13 35 plants.............. 1911 1912 937 961 73.3 21.0 30.7 73.1 20.0 31.4 3.0 14.3 30.9 8.4 9.6 30.6 .151 4.1 25.6 24.1 46.2....... 11.14 .152 3.2 24.7 23.6 48.4j 0.1 11.15 35 plants.............. 1912 1913 1,049 1,273 73.1 19.7 30.3 10.4 72.5 22.1 34.4 9.8 8.9 30.7 4.2 129.5 .152 3.3 23.0 26.3 47.3 .1 11.15 .171 .8 14.1 17.0119.61 48.4 12.43 i Including one-tenth of 1 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 27 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLAST FURNACES. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BLAST FURNACES—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Bottom fillers: 7 plants......... ...... Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose earnings per whose full-time hours hour were— per week were— Aver Aver Num age age ber full rate of Over time Year. em Over 14 16 18 of 60 60 72 wages Un and and and 20 ploy hours per and and 72 and 84 per der un un un cts. ees. week. un un un hour. 14 der der der and der. der der cts. 16 18 20 over. 72 84 cts. cts. cts. $13.40 12.59 11.61 13.41 1907 1908 1909 1910 293 194 282 267 84.0 84.0 ....... 84.0 ::::: ::::: 84.0 14 plants......... - -, 1910 1911 672 391 84.0 100.0 84.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 100.0 12.77 .152 26.2 47.6 14.3 11.9 .148 35.0 39.9 8.7 16.4 ....... 12.46 15 plants.............. 1911 1912 417 468 84.0 82.2 ....... ....... ii.7 100.0 85.3 12.50 .149 32.9 41.7 10.1 15.3 .152 27.6 44.7 11.5 16.2 ....... 12.53 14 plants.............. 1912 1913 423 461 82.0 81.6 83.7 80.3 12.63 .153 30.5 33.6 18.0 18.0 21.3 *i6.*9 13.74 .167 20.6 41.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 262 245 380 357 83.6 82.6 82.2 "6*8 82.9 .3 1.5 10.3 88.2 8.2 ....... 9.8 82.0 12.6 77.9 8.7 5.6 87.4 6.7 .173 5.4 24.4 45.0 9.2 16.0 14.46 9.8 12.88 .156 22.4 33.5 34.3 5.5 12.34 .150 34.4 19.7 40.3 .166 11.8 11.5 62.7 ii.*8 2.2 13.78 32 plants.............. 1910 1911 482 339 82.9 81.3 7.1 9.7 *io.*3 4.1 88.6 1.8 78.2 .163 11.6 19.9 58.1 8.7 .158 22.8 21.2'45.7 9.7 1.7 13.56 .6 12.84 32 plants.............. 1911 1912 333 397 81.3 9.9 10.5 75.2 *23*i 11.1 9.1 1.8 77.8 .3 56.4 .158 23.1 22.2 44.1 9.9 .164 10.8 28.5 37.3 15.6 .6 12.82 7.8 .12.20 33 plants.............. 1912 1913 Keepers’ helpers: 20 plants............... 1907 1908 1909 1910 356 380 77.3 14.6 10.1 11.8 79.9 1.3 12.4 15.3 .3 63.2 6.8 64.2 .162 12.4 22.8 44.4 18.5 2.0 12.49 .179 9.2 12.1 12.6 35.5 30.5 14.27 616 409 596 608 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 100.0 ....... ....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 .165 23.1 7.5 35.1 18.8 15.6 13.89 .160 28.3 3.9 39.4 21.5 6.8 13.41 .155 32.0 9.1 35.4 20.1 3.4 13.04 .169 15.7 13.7 30.9 31.6 8.2 14.22 34 plants............... 1910 1911 877 734 84.0 100.0 83.1 ....... ....... **7.6 ....... 92.4 .168 16.3 17.0 30.7 27.8 .167 20.7 13.1 26.7 31.9 35 plants............... 1911 1912 742 846 83.1 7.5 92.5 81.0 **4.3 ....... 14.9 ....... 80.9 .167 20.5 12.9 26.7 32.3 7.5 13.84 .170 16.3 16.3 22.7 33.0 11.7 13.74 1912 1913 870 902 80.2 82.2 .173 14.5 16.1 22.5 32.1 14.8 13.75 .186 8.4 13.7 12.2 8.6 57.0 15.30 1907 1908 1909 1910 Cinder men: 20 plants.............. 100.0 $0,160 35.5 10.9 30.4 23.2 100.0 .150 40.2 17.5 21.6 20.6 100.0 .138 68.8 17.0 14.2 100.0 .160 32.6 i8.*7 30.0 18.7 Aver age frill lulltime week ly earn ings. 16.3 19.7 .2 ::::: 115 79 135 134 14.0 78.4 ....... 15.1 ....... 84.9 84.0 100.0 84.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 100.0 84.0 100.0 84.0 ....... ....... . . . . . ....... 100.0 13.35 .159 8.7 29.6 61.7 .152 i2.7 45.6 41.8 . . . . ....... 12.80 12.53 .149 35.5 30.4 34.1 .163 6.0 29.1 50.0 14.9 ....... 13.69 19 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 278 294 343 84.0 100.0 82.6 *ii.*6 88.4 79.6 *io.*5 ....... 12.5 ....... 77.0 13.88 .165 5.0 23.7 64.0 7.2 .168 4.8 15.6 72.8 6.8 13.89 .173 4.1 5.2 74.3 5.8 *i0.*5 13.67 23 plants.............. 1912 1913 Pig-machine men: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 359 342 79.6 10.0 13.6 76.3 82.6 ....... 11.7 ....... 88.3 .172 4.5 5.6 73.3 6.7 10.0 13.64 .190 4.7 1.2 8.2 41.8 44.2 15.69 193 84.0 100.0 157 83.9 ....... **i.*9 98.1 152 83.9 2.0 98.0 182 83.8 ’ ” .*5 ‘ **.*5 98.9 .167 13.0 15.5 57.0 3.1 11.4 14.03 .163 11.5 8.3 68.8 7.6 3.8 13.69 .162 15.1 7.2 64.5 9.2 3.9 13.57 .170 7.1 14.8 50.5 24.2 3.3 14.27 36 plants.............. Larry men’s helpers: 10 plants.............. 7.6 8.2 14.13 7.6 13.83 16 plants............... 1910 1911 291 259 83.9 82.4 .3 .4 1911 1912 1913 267 275 290 82.4 81.9 81.8 .4 .4 .3 1907 1908 1909 1910 824 81.4 473 79.1 737 80.9 904 81.0 17 plants.............. Stockers: 18 plants.............. .3 99.3 *i2*7 ....... 86.9 .169 5.8 15.1 57.0 19.9 .169 11.2 13.1 53.3 17.8 12.4 17.1 17.2 87.3 82.5 82.4 .169 10.9 12.7 51.7 19.5 5.2 13.98 .171 6.5 8.4 63.3 18.2 3.6 13.97 .192 2.8 3.4 12.1 38.6 43.1 15.69 76.6 58.4 60.0 65.8 .170 13.5 15.4 53.3 1.2 16.6 13.83 .157 19.2 25.8 40.4 6.1 8.5 12.43 .158 27.6118.1 38.8 6.5 9.1 12.75 .166 22.01 9.0 43.9 18.3 6.9 13.43 1.7 9.0 .8 26.0 9.6 •7.7 *‘ i.*8 12.7 14.8 30.4 24.6 2.1 14.14 4.6 13.90 28 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A BO R S T A T IS T IC S . AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BLAST FURNACES—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Num ber of Year. em ploy ees. Stockers—Concluded. 32 plants.............. 1910 1,445 1911 898 32 plants.............. 1911 1912 904 1,045 Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Aver age age full rate Over Over of time 60 72 60 hours and and wages 84 per un un 72 and per un week. der. der hour. der 72 84 Per cent of employees whose earnings per Aver hour were— age Un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and 20 un cts. der and 20 over. cts. 2.1 15.4 63.5 $0,164 18.9 20.3 38.1 15.3 6.6 15.8 62.0 .167 15.6 17.7 42.3 16.9 79.9 79.8 0.9 18.2 3.6 11.9 79.7 78.7 4.1 11.8 6.5 15.7 61.8 3.7 10.7 13.0 23.3 49.3 34 plants.............. 1912 1,069 78.8 3.5 10.5 12.9 22.8 50.2 1913 1,187 78.9 4.2 8.5 13.6 23.3 50.5 Top fillers: 66 84.0 100.0 8 plants................ 1907 1908 44 84.0 100.0 ....... : : : : : 100.0 1909 50 84.0 : : : : : 100.0 1910 48 84.0 .168 14.5 17.6 43.7 16.8 .173 9.8 14.8 46.6 20.8 time week ly earn ings. 7.3 $13.17 7.5 13.36 7.4 13.40 8.0 13.61 .171 12.8 15.2 44.0 20.3 7.9 13.46 .190 9.6 6.5 8.2 32.3 43.5 14.98 .177 24.3 12.1 9.1 15.2 .168 40.9 13.6 18.2 .161 44.0 20.0 12.0 .181 8.3 33.3 8.3 39.4 27.3 24.0 50.0 14.86 14.15 13.56 15.18 13 plants.............. 1910 1911 142 84 82.8 82.0 4.2 7.1 ....... 95.8 92.9 .169 2.8 26.1 54.2 16.9 13.85 .170 19.1 23.8 33.3 *2*4 21.4 13.67 14 plants.............. 1911 1912 92 96 82.2 80.0 6.5 6.3 i.8.8 93.5 75.0 .171 17.4 21.7 30.4 10.9 19.5 13.84 .176 12.5 31.3 14.6 16.7 25.1 13.90 14 plants.............. 1912 1913 96 98 80.0 80.3 6.3 6.1 18.8 16.3 75.0 77.6 .175 16.7 27.1 14.6 16.7 25.1 13.81 .191 8.1 18.4 14.3 22.4 36.7 15.19 Un der 16 cts. Blowing engineer's as sistants: 11 plants.............. 1907 1908 1909 1910 67 84.0 51 84.0 ....... 74 84.0 : : : : : : : : : : ::::: 66 84.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 94 91 108 84.0 100.0 83.2 **6*6 ....... 93.4 80.4 ‘ *8:3 ....... 10.2 81.5 18 plants.............. 1912 1913 Iron handlers and loaders: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 106 94 80.8 83.2 203 163 242 177 73.2 73.0 73.6 : : : : : 73.0 18 plants.............. 1910 1911 305 300 19 plants.............. 1911 1912 19 plants.............. 1912 1913 Keepers: 20 plants.............. 1907 1908 1909 1910 16 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and 30 un cents der and *30 over. cts. .203 9.0 26.9 49.3 14.9 .199 15.6 23.5 45.1 15.7 .191 16.2 40.5 29.7 13.5 : : : : : .208 9.1 21.2 54.5 15.2 17.02 16.72 16.08 17.48 .207 8.5 21.3 59.6 10.6 17.38 .205 8.8 23.1 63.7 4.4 ....... 17.06 .211 7.4 18.5 66.7 7.4 16.85 6.6 6.4 84.9 93.6 .213 3.8 18.9 69.8 7.5 17.13 .225 4.3 6.4 66.0 19.1 ‘ ■4*3 18.67 60.1 5.9 59.5 8.6 57.0 : : : : : 7.4 10.2 59.3 34.0 31.9 35.5 30.5 .193 17.7 51.3 25.1 .190 32.5 31.3 24.5 *3.‘ i .177 31.0 40.9 20.7 7.4 .195 20.3 45.2 18.6 15.8 5.9 14.20 8.6 13.95 13.05 14.24 74.2 58.7 72.7 **i*3 63.0 ....... 5.9 35.4 6.0 29.7 .194 18.4 49.5 17.7 11.8 .195 18.0 42.7 25.0 7.3 2.6 14.36 7.0 14.11 308 359 73.0 72.2 5.8 31.5 5.0 27.3 .195 17.5 44.1 24.4 7.1 .195 19.5 48.7 18.9 5.0 6.8 14.17 7.8 14.04 406 446 73.1 5.9 48.8 72.5 10.0 47.3 4.4 32.0 4.0 29.4 .206 16.2 44.1 19.7 5.2 14.8 15.11 .220 5.1 36.8 39.5 .9 17.7 16.07 146 96 141 142 84.0 100.0 84.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 100.0 84.0 100.0 84.0 100.0 .218 12.3 6.9 64.4 16.4 18.34 .210 14.6 6.3 75.0 4.2 ....... 17.68 .205 17.0 5.6 74.5 2.8 17.26 18.43 .219 7.7 12.7 75.4 4.2 34 plants.............. 1910 1911 201 182 84.0 100.0 82.7 ....... ....... ‘ i i ‘ 6 ....... 89.0 .215 9.5 20.4 67.2 3.0 18.09 .217 9.9 17.6 70.3 2.2 ....... 17.95 35 plants.............. 1911 1912 184 216 82.7 79.6 “ 8*3 10.9 89.1 17.6 ....... 74.1 .217 9.8 17.4 70.7 2.2 .223 6.5 19.0 63.4 11.1 36 plants.............. 1912 1913 218 224 79.6 81.9 17.4 74.3 17.9 ....... 82.1 .223 6.4 19.7 62.8 11.0 17.59 .234 3.6 19.7 29.5147.3 ....... 19.13 8.5 1.3 61.4 7.8 49.9 *io.*o 8.3 8.9 9.2 17.95 17.61 29 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R -----B L A S T F U R N A C E S . AVER AG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF W AG ES PER H O U R AN D AVER AG E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF T H E PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913-BLAST FURNACES—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Larry men: 11 plants. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver Num Aver age age ber full rate Over Over 16 20 25 of time of Un and Year. em 72 60 and and 30 60 wages hours ploy per and and 72 and 84 per der un un un cts. un der der and 16 ees. week. un un hour. cts. 20 der der 25 30 over. der. der 84 72 cts. cts. cts. 100.0 $0,195 18.2 24.2 42.4 15.2 100.0 .184 25.6 23.3 51.2 100.0 .186 26.7 50.4 23.0 100.0 .202 5.3 35.6 45.0 14.1 ....... Avertime week ly eam- $16.41 15.48 15.64 16.97 1907 1908 1909 1910 132 86 135 149 84.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 84.0 84.0 84.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 21 plants. 1910 1911 1912 231 203 237 84.0 ....... 100.0 90.6 : : : : : ’ *9*4 82.9 70.9 13.9 78.1 i5.*2 .196 4.3 51.5 35.1 9.1 ....... 16.47 .194 5.0 49.3 37.4 8.4 15.99 15.48 .200 4.2 37.1 49.8 8.9 23 plants... 1912 1913 241 234 71.4 13.7 78.2 14.9 ....... 14.5 ....... 85.5 82.3 15.46 .199 5.0 36.5 49.8 8.7 .215 5.2 9.4 70.1 15.4 . . . . . 17.60 1907 1908 1909 1910 86 64 94 97 19 plants. 1910 1911 1912 125 124 136 100.0 84.0 : : : : : **i.*6 : : : : : 98.4 83.8 77.9 8.8 79.2 *i3.*2 .197 8.0 39.2 48.0 4.8 ....... 16.56 16.60 .198 6.5 29.0 56.5 8.1 16.14 .206 5.9 32.3 39.7 22.1 20 plants.. 1912 1913 138 150 79.3 13.0 ....... 82.9 8.7 78.3 9.3 ....... 90.7 .206 5.8 31.8 40.6 21.7 16.19 .217 5.3 13.3 73.3 8.0 ....... 17.95 1907 1908 1909 1910 140 96 140 146 84.0 ....... ....... 84.0 84.0 84.0 ....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .192 14.3 58.5 18.6 8.6 16.10 15.52 .185 18.7 41.7 39.6 15.22 .181 22.1 47.1 30.7 ----16.55 .197 10.9 31.5 57.5 34 plants.. 1910 1911 200 178 100.0 84.0 82.7 ....... ....... 11.2 ....... 88.8 16.21 .193 14.0 34.0 52.0 .190 15.8 34.9 49.4 . . . . ....... 15.69 35 plants. 1911 1912 180 212 82.7 ....... 88.9 ....... 11.1 73.6 17.9 79.5 **8*5 15.68 .190 15.5 35.5 48.9 . . . . ....... 15.42 .195 13.2 28.4 58.5 36 plants. 1912 1913 214 213 79.5 81.8 73.8 8.4 ....... 17.8 18.3 ....... 81.7 .195 14.0 28.0 57.9 ....... 15.38 17.24 .211 7.5 15.9 76.5 ___ Skip operators: 11 plants... Stove tenders: 20 plants.. ....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 84.0 ....... 84.0 84.0 84.0 .193 11.6 32.6 53.5 .184 18.8 34.4 43.8 .183 8.5 72.4 17.0 .196 8.2 40.2 49.5 2.3 3.1 2.1 : : : : : 2.1 20 30 40 Un and and and der un un un 20 der der der cts. 30 40 50 cts. cts. cts. Blowing engineers: 20 plants........ 34 plants......... 35 plants........ 35 plants......... Blowers: 18 plants......... 32 plants......... 33 plants......... 34 plants......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 100 85 103 112 153 135 137 142 142 148 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 ....... 84.0 83.0 ....... 82.9 80.6 4.2 80.6 4.2 81.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1911 1912 1912 1913 78 68 86 90 131 121 123 132 139 147 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 83.5 2.3 ....... ....... ‘ *9.'i 82.9 8.9 ....... 82.9 80.2 **6.8 15.9 15.8 80.3 6.5 82.0 ....... 17.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 8.1 ....... 9.5 ....... 18.3 ....... 18.3 20.3 ....... ....... ....... 100.0 .242 20.0 77.0 3.0 100.0 . .235 16.5 83.5 100.0 .230 21.4 78.7 100.0 .245 14.3 78.6 7.1 . . . . 100.0 .243 20.3 74.5 5.2 91.9 .244 19.3 74.8 5.9 ___ 90.5 .244 19.0 75.2 5.8 . . . . 77.5 .249 22.5 66.2 11.3 77.5 .249 22.5 66.2 11.3 79.7 .263 17.6 55.4 25,7 'l.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.7 90.9 91.1 77.3 77.7 83.0 16.19 15.49 15.40 16.46 50 and un der 60 cts. ....... ....... ....... ....... 41.0 52.6 6.4 .300 61.7 38.2 .283 61.7 38.4 .286 .307 ___ 48.9 48.9 2.2 .296 .8 55.0 42.0 2.3 ....... .306 1.7 47.1 41.3 9.9 .305 1.6 48.0 40.7 9.8 ....... .313 1.5 44.7 40.2 13.6 .315 1.4 43.8 40.3 14.4 .329 1.4;31.3 54.4 10.2 '*2*7 20.30 19.77 19.35 20.59 20.39 20.20 20.15 19.93 19.93 21.37 25.17 23.74 24.04 25.80 24.74 25.24 25.21 24.84 25.01 26.84 30 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . Owing to changes in the number of plants reported from year to year, and the consequent differences in the averages for the overlap ping year in two groups of plants, it is difficult to make a comparison of the actual data over a period of several years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period. To aid in making such a comparison, relative or index numbers have been com puted from the averages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupation from 1907 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table following. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent that the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1907 were 89.8 as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1907 were 89.8 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occupa tion in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. This table also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913 as compared with each specified year preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1913 were 11.4 per cent higher than in 1907, 23.9 per cent higher than in 1908, 20.8 per cent higher than in 1909, 14.7 per cent higher than in 1910, 13.0 per cent higher than in 1911, and 11.2 per cent higher than in 1912. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1908 were 10.1 per cent lower than in 1907,2.6 per cent higher in 1909 than in 1908, 5.3 per cent higher in 1910 than in 1909, 1.5 per cent higher in 1911 than in 1910, 1.6 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 11.2 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The other items and occupations of the table can be studied in like manner. The per cent of increase or decrease is computed from the relative numbers. 31 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BLAST FURNACES. RE LATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y E A R S , B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BLAST FUR NACES. Wages per hour. Hours per week. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Stockers: 1907.................................. 1908................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Bottom fillers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Top fillers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Larry men: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Larry men’s helpers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Skip operators: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Blowers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Rela tive Each Each tive Each rate 1913 as speci speci full 1913 as speci 1913 as fied of fied time fied com com com year year weekly pared year wages pared pared per earn as as as with with with hour. com com ings. com each each each pared pared pared speci with speci with speci with fied fied fied year year year year. year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. 101.8 98.9 101.1 101.3 101.1 99.9 100.0 —1.8 +1.1 -l.i -1 .3 -1 .1 + .1 102.7 102.7 102.7 102.7 102.7 100.5 100.0 —2.6 -2 .6 -2 .6 -2 .6 -2 .6 - .5 103.4 103.4 103.4 103.4 102.4 99.6 100.0 —3.3 -3 .3 -3 .3 -3 .3 -2 .3 + .4 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 100.9 95.0 100.0 —2.2 - 2 .2 -2 .2 -2 .2 - .9 +5.3 101.7 101.7 101.7 101.7 100.0 96.4 100.0 —1.7 - 1 .7 - 1 .7 -1 .7 0) +3.7 101.5 101.5 101.5 101.5 101.2 95.7 100.0 -1 .5 - 1 .5 -1 .5 - 1 .5 -1 .2 +4.5 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0 101.2 97.9 100.0 -2 .0 - 2 .0 - 2 .0 - 2 .0 - 1 .2 +2.1 - 2 .8 +2.2 + .2 - .2 - 1 .2 + .1 87.9 81.2 81.7 85.8 87.4 90.0 100.0 +13.8 +23.2 +22.4 + 16.6 + 14.4 +11.1 n) (i) (i) 0) -2 .1 — .5 92.2 86.5 79.6 92.2 89.8 91.6 100.0 + 8.5 +15.6 +25.6 + 8.5 +11.4 + 9.2 b) - 1 .0 - 2 .7 4- .4 86.5 82.1 78.7 88.5 89.0 91.6 100.0 +15.6 +21.8 +27.1 +13.0 +12.4 + 9.2 0) fa 0) -1 .3 -5 .8 +5.3 87.6 82.6 83.5 90.7 89.8 92.6 100.0 +14.2 +21.1 +19.8 +10.3 +11.4 + 8.0 (l) fi) (i) -1 .7 -3 .6 +3.7 84.2 80.5 78.9 86.3 87.9 90.5 100.0 +18.8 +24.2 +26.7 +15.9 +13.8 +10.5 0) 0) 89.4 85.2 84.8 90.8 91.2 94.9 100.0 +11.9 + 17.4 + 17.9 +10.1 + 9.6 + 5.4 h 0) 88.2 83.2 84.1 90.2 93.3 95.7 100.0 +13.4 +20.2 +18.9 +10.9 + 7.2 + 4.5 - .3 - 5 .4 +4.5 - .8 -3 .3 +2.1 i No change. - 7.6 + .6 + 5.0 + 1.9 + 3.0 +11.1 89.8 80.7 82.8 87.2 88.5 89.9 100.0 +11.4 +23.9 +20.8 +14.7 +13.0 +11.2 - 6.2 - 8.0 +15.8 - 2.6 + 2.0 + 9.2 93.9 88.2 81.4 94.0 91.7 91.9 100.0 + 6.5 +13.4 +22.9 + 6.4 + 9.1 + 8.8 - 5.1 - 4.1 +12.5 + .6 + 2.9 + 9.2 89.8 85.5 81.9 91.7 90.5 90.9 100.0 +11.4 +17.0 +22.1 + 9.1 +10.5 +10.0 + + + + 5.7 1.1 8.6 1.0 3.1 8.0 90.4 85.3 86.1 93.5 90 7 87.8 100.0 +10.6 +17.2 +16.1 + 7.0 +10.3 +13.9 - 4.4 - 2.0 + 9.4 + 1.9 + 3.0 +10.5 86.1 82.5 80.8 88.3 88.3 86.9 100.0 +16.1 +21.2 +23.8 + 13.3 +13.3 +15.1 + + + + 4.7 .5 7.1 .4 4.1 5.4 91.0 87.1 86.6 92.5 92.8 90.2 100.0 + 9.9 +14.8 +15.5 + 8.1 + 7.8 +10.9 + + + + + 5.7 1.1 7.3 3.4 2.6 4.5 90.4 85.3 86.4 92.7 94.6 93.2 100.0 +10.6 +17.2 +15.7 + 7.9 + 5.7 + 7.3 -1 0 .1 + 2.6 + 5.3 + 1.5 + 1.6 +11.2 - 6.1 - 7.7 +15.5 - 2.4 + •2 + 8.8 - 4.8 - 4.2 +12.0 - 1.3 + .4 +10.0 - 5.6 + .9 + 8.6 - 3.0 - 3.2 +13.9 - 4.2 - 2.1 + 9.3 0) - 1.6 +15.1 - 4.3 - .6 + 6.8 + .3 - 2.8 +10.9 + + + + 5.6 1.3 7.3 2.0 1.5 7.3 32 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PE R HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EA R S, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BLAST FUR NACES—Continued. Wages per hour. Hours per week. Per cent of in crease (4-) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Blowing engineers: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Blowing engineers’ assistants: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Stove tenders: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Keepers: 190 7 190 8 .*.............. 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Keepers’ helpers: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Iron handlers and loaders: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Pig-machine men: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Rela tive full time hours per week. Each 1913 as speci fied com year pared as with com each pared speci with fied year year. pre ceding. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Rela tive rate of per hour. -2 .7 -2 .7 -2 .7 -2 .7 -1 .6 +1.2 91.3 88.6 86.7 92.4 92.8 94.7 100.0 + 9.5 +12.9 +15.3 + 8.2 + 7.8 + 5.6 101.5 101.5 101.5 101.5 100.5 97.1 100.0 -1 .5 -1 .5 -1 .5 -1 .5 - .5 +3.0 90.6 88.9 85.3 92.9 92.0 94.7 100.0 +10.4 +12.5 +17.2 + 7.6 + 8.7 + 5.6 102.7 102.7 102.7 102.7 101.1 97.2 100.0 -2 .6 -2 .6 -2 .6 - 2 .6 -1 .1 +2.9 89.1 85.9 84.0 91.5 90.0 92.4 100.0 +12.2 +16.4 +19.0 + 9.3 +11.1 + 8.2 102.6 102.6 102.6 102.6 101.0 97.2 100.0 -2 .5 -2 .5 -2 .5 -2 .5 -1 .0 +2.9 91.5 88.1 86.0 91.9 92.7 95.3 100.0 + 9.3 +13.5 +16.3 + 8.8 + 7.9 + 4.9 101.2 101.2 101.2 101.2 100.1 97.6 100.0 -1 .2 - 1 .2 - 1 .2 - 1 .2 - .1 +2.5 89.7 87.0 84.3 91.9 91.4 93.0 100.0 +11.5 +14.9 +18.6 + 8.8 + 9.4 + 7.5 104.3 104.0 104.9 104.0 101.9 100.8 100.0 - 4 .1 - 3 .8 - 4 .7 - 3 .8 - 1 .9 92.2 90.8 84.6 93.2 93.6 93.6 100.0 + 8.5 +10.1 +18.2 + 7.3 + 6.8 + 6.8 102.8 102.7 102.7 102.6 100.7 100.1 100.0 - 2 .7 - 2 .6 - 2 .6 - 2 .5 - .7 - .1 -3 .4 +3.0 - .3 + .9 - .9 -2 .0 -1 .1 - .8 - .1 -w . , -1 .9 - .6 - .1 84.4 83.9 88.0 88.0 89.1 100.0 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela tive Each Each full 1913 as speci 1913 as speci time fied fied com year weekly com year pared pared earnas as with with com com each each pared pared speci with speci with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 102.8 102.8 102.8 102.8 101.6 98.8 100.0 $b ) -1 .0 Weekly earnings. +15.6 +18.5 +19.2 +13.6 +13.6 +12.2 -3 .0 -2 .1 + 6.6 + .4 + 2.0 + 5.6 93.8 91.4 89.4 95.2 94.3 93.3 100.0 + 6.6 + 9.4 +11.9 + 5.0 + 6.0 + 7.2 - 1.9 -4 .0 + 8.9 - 1.0 + 2.9 + 5.6 92.1 90.5 87.1 94.6 92.9 91.8 100.0 + 8.6 +10.5 +14.8 + 5.7 + 7.6 + 8.9 - 3.6 -2 .2 + 8.9 - 1.6 + 2.7 + 8.2 91.2 87.9 86.2 93.7 90.7 89.2 100.0 + 9.6 +13.8 +16.0 + 6.7 +10.3 +12.1 -3 .7 -2 .4 + 6.9 + •9 + 2.8 + 4.9 94.0 90.6 88.5 94.5 93.7 91.9 100.0 + 6.4 +10.4 +13.0 + 5.8 + 6.7 + 8.8 - 3.0 -3 .1 + 9.0 .5 + 1.8 + 7.5 90.3 87.2 84.8 92.5 90.5 89.9 100.0 +10.7 +14.7 +17.9 + 8.1 +10.5 +11.2 -1.5 -6.8 + 10.2 + .4 0) + 6.8 96.3 94.6 88.5 96.6 94.9 94.0 100.0 + 3.8 + 5.7 +13.0 + 3.5 + 5.4 + 6.4 - 2.4 .6 + 4.9 0) + 1.3 +12.2 89.1 87.0 86.2 90.6 89.1 89.0 100.0 +12.2 +14.9 +16.0 +10.4 + 12.2 + 12.4 + + 2.6 2.2 6.5 .9 1.1 7.2 + + 1.7 3.8 8.6 1.8 1.2 8.9 - 3.6 - 1.9 + 8.7 - 3.2 - 1.7 +12.1 + + 3.6 2.3 6.8 .8 1.9 8.8 - 3.4 - 2.8 + 9.1 - 2.2 - .7 +11.2 + + 1.8 6.4 9.2 1.8 .9 6.4 - 2.4 .9 + 5.1 - 1.7 - .1 +12.4 33 WAGES AND HOUES OF LABOR---- BLAST FURNACES. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BLAST FUR NACES—Concluded. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Cinder men: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912................... .............. 1913.................................. Laborers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Wages per hour. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each tive speci rate 1913 as fied of com year wages pared per as with com hour. each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. Rela Each tive Each speci full 1913 as speci 1913 as fied time fied com com year weekly pared year pared earn as as with with com ings. com each each pared pared speci speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 107.6 106.3 105.7 106.7 104.6 96.7 100.0 -7 .1 -5 .9 - 5 .4 —6.3 —4.4 + 3.4 106.1 101.9 102.2 103.0 101.1 100.8 100.0 - 5 .7 - 1 .9 -2 .2 -2 .9 —1.1 - .8 - 1 .2 — .6 + .9 - 2 .0 - 7 .6 + 3.4 93.7 84.5 81.3 89.9 87.2 90.5 100.0 + 6.7 +18.3 +23.0 +11.2 +14.7 +10.5 —4.0 -j- •3 + .8 - 1 .8 — .3 — .8 84.3 80.8 79.6 87.7 88.3 88.9 100.0 +18.6 +23.8 +25.6 +14.0 +13.3 +12.5 Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) in - — 9.8 — 3.8 +10.6 — 3.0 + 3.8 +10.5 101.9 90.8 87.0 97.1 92.0 87.5 100.0 — 1.9 +10.1 +14.9 + 3.0 + 8.7 +14.3 — 4.2 — 1.5 +10.2 + .7 + .7 +12.5 90.0 82.8 82.3 90.4 89.6 89.7 100.0 +11.1 +20.8 +21.5 +10.6 +11.6 +11.5 —10.9 — 4.2 +11.6 — 5.3 — 4.9 +14.3 — 8.0 — .6 + 9.8 — .9 + .1 +11.5 A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the blast-furnace department as a whole, as determined by a com bination of the data for the several principal productive occupations which are covered in this section of the report. The method of com puting the figures of this table is explained on page 23. From the table following, under “ weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the department as a whole in 1907 were 89.8 as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1907 were 89.8 pea* cent of such earnings in 1913. The relative dropped to 84.6 in 1908 and to 83.9 in 1909, advanced to 90.5 in 1910, to 91.3 in 1911, dropped to 90.8 in 1912, and, showing the marked increase in rates, in 1913, the base year, ad vanced to 100. The next column shows that full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 11.4 per cent higher than in 1907, 18.2 per cent higher than in 1908,19.2 per cent higher than in 1909,10.5 per cent higher than in 1910, 9.5 per cent higher than in 1911, and 10.1 per cent higher than in 1912. 83021°— Bull. 168— 15-- 3 34 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. The third column under “ weekly earnings” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time weekly earnings each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full time weekly earnings in 1908 were 5.8 per cent lower than in 1907, in 1909 0.8 per cent lower than in. 1908, in 1910 7.9 per cent higher than in 1909, in 1911 0.9 per cent higher than in 1910, in 1912 0.5 per cent lower than in 1911, and in 1913 10.1 per cent higher than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour can be read in like manner. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PE R W E E K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EA R S, A LL OCCUPATIONS—BLAST FURNACES. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - Year. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Rela tive full time hours per week. 103.0 101.5 102.4 102.5 101.5 99.0 100.0 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. -2 .9 -1 .5 -2 .3 - 2 .4 - 1 .5 + 1.0 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Rela Each Each tive Each tive full rate 1913 as speci speci 1913 as speci time fied fied of fied com com year weekly pared year wages pared year as as eamper as with with com com com hour. each each pared pared pared speci speci with with with fied fied year year year year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. - 1 .5 + .9 + .1 - 1 .0 - 2 .5 +1.0 87.1 83.1 82.1 88.6 90.2 92.3 100.0 +14.8 +20.3 +21.8 +12.9 + 10.9 + 8.3 - 4 .6 - 1 .2 +7.9 +1.8 +2.3 +8.3 89.8 84.6 83.9 90.5 91.3 90.8 100.0 +11.4 +18.2 + 19.2 + 10.5 + 9.5 + 10.1 - 5.8 - .8 + 7.9 + .9 - .5 +10.1 In considering weekly earnings attention should be given to the hours per week and wages per hour and their effect on the weekly earnings. A reduction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings and an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase weekly earnings. Between 1907 and 1913 it will be observed that the hours were reduced 2.9 per cent and wages per hour were increased 14.8 per cent, each tending to offset the other in weekly earnings. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the depart ment must be considered. That is, the change in the relative number of employees in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occupations, or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higher-paid ones would lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would increase the average. 35 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BLAST FURNACES. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in blast-furnace plants whose customary working time per week was six days or turns, or seven, are shown in the following table. The figures are presented for each district and for the four districts combined. A blast furnace is continuously in operation, but a marked differ ence is seen in the working days per week of employees in the few years between 1907 and 1913; seven days was the regular working time of 97.2 per cent of the employees in 1907, while in 1913 the number working seven days per week had been reduced to 79.8 per cent. This reduction was due to the fact that during recent years several establishments have carried into effect a provision to lay off employees one day in seven, thus making the working time for each individual six days, while the plant continues in operation seven days. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W ORKING EACH SPECI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS PE R W EE K , B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—BLAST FURNACES. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Number of employees whose customary working time per week was— District, and number Year. Number of em ployees. 6 days. Eastern: 2 plants. 320 235 1907 1908 1909 1910 346 1910 1911 1912 779 684 1912 1913 6 days and 7 days alter nately. 7 days. Per cent of employees whose customary working time per week was— 6 days. 6 days and 7 days alter nately. 287 192 317 346 10.3 18.3 3.4 79 118 135 1,357 659 547 5.5 15.1 19.7 0.3 .3 94.5 84.6 80.0 660 743 134 178 524 563 20.3 24.0 .3 79.4 75.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 1,731 1,161 1,683 1,613 74 87 66 103 1,657 1,074 1,617 1,510 4.3 7.5 3.9 6.4 95.7 92.5 96.1 93.6 9 plants................. 1910 1911 2,302 2,135 111 127 2,191 2,008 4.8 5.9 95.2 94.1 9 plants................. 1911 1912 2,127 2,396 127 101 2,000 2.295 6.0 4.2 94.0 95.8 9 plants................. 1912 1913 2,415 2,469 101 58 2,314 2,411 4.2 2.3 95.8 97.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 1,310 947 1,163 1,622 14 27 44 95 1.296 920 1,119 1,527 1.1 2.9 3.8 5.9 98.9 97.1 96.2 94.1 1910 1911 2,103 1,302 116 337 1,987 965 5.5 25.9 94.5 74.1 6 plants 6 plants Pittsburgh: 6 plants Great Lakes and Mid dle West: 6 plants................. 9 plants. 89.7 81.7 96.6 100.0 36 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. NUM BER AND PER CENT OF EM PLO YEES IN EACH DISTRICT W O R K IN G EACH SPECI FIE D NUM BER OF D A Y S PER W E E K , B Y Y E A R S, 1910 TO 1913—BLAST FURNACES— Concluded. Number of employees whose customary working time per week was— District, and number of plants. Year. Number of em ployees. 6 days. Great Lakes and Mid dle West—Concluded. 10 plants................. 6 days and 7 days alter nately. 7 days. Per cent of employees whose customary working time per week was— 6 days. 6 days and 7 days alter nately. 7 days. 1911 1912 1,387 1,648 343 568 1,044 1,080 24.7 34.5 75.3 65.5 1912 1913 1,722 1,932 607 1,115 1,267 35.2 34.4 64.8 65.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 917 685 930 800 8 3 917 685 922 797 .4 10 plants. 1910 1911 1,209 1,052 37 2 1,172 1,050 3.1 .2 96.9 99.8 10 plants. 1911 1912 1,043 1,245 2 267 1,041 978 .2 21.4 99.8 78.6 11 plants. 1912 1913 1,304 1,445 265 431 1,039 1,014 20.3 29.8 79.7 70.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 4,278 3,028 4,104 4,381 121 157 129 201 4,157 2,871 3,975 4,180 2.8 5.2 3.1 4.6 97.2 94.8 96.9 95.4 1910 1911 7,050 5,268 343 584 6,707 4,682 4.9 11.1 35 plants. 1911 1912 5,336 5,973 590 1,071 4,744 4,900 11.1 17.9 36 plants. 1912 1913 6,101 1,107 1,332 4,992 5,255 18.1 20.2 10 plants. Southern: 6 plants., Total: 20 plants. 34 plants. 100.0 100.0 99.1 C1) 95.1 88.9 88.9 82.0 8 81.8 79.8 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. In addition to the text tables in the summary, four general tables are presented for the blast-furnace department, as follows: Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913. Table II.— Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. Table III.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913. Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. In Tables I and III, in addition to actual data percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are summarized in the text table on pages 26 to 29. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BLAST FURNACES. 37 The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I to IV, inclusive, and in the table of relative numbers follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended ex planation see page 17. Figures for each geographical division for each preceding year, back to 1907, corresponding to those given for 1912 and 1913 in Tables II and IV, and descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report, were given in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau but have been omitted from the present report. 38 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . — A V E R A G E F U LL-TIM E W E E K L Y E AR N IN G S AND A V E R A G E AN D CLASSIFIED R ATE S OF W AGES PER H O U R IN T H E U N ITE D STATES, B Y Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1913— BLAST FURNACES. T a b le [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.) NUMBER. Aver Num age ber full Occupation, and of time Year. em number of hours plants. ploy per ees. week. Stockers: 18 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 824 473 737 904 Aver age rate of wages per hour. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver age full 10 12 14 16 18 time 20 25 30 40 week and and and and and and and and and and and un un un un un un un un un un un ly earn der der der der der der der der der der der 20 25 30 40 50 ings. 9 10 12 14 16 18 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 81.4 $0.170 $13.83 . 79.1 .157 12.43 80.9 .158 12.75 81.0 .166 13.43. 439 191 .164 13.17 . .167 13.36. 10 29 48 165 113 40 67 62 551 221 152 105 27 40 397 24 32 plants___ 1910 1911 1,445 898 79.9 79.8 32 plants___ 1911 1912 904 1,045 79.7 78.7 .168 13.40 , .173 13.61, 395 487 152 217 27 37 40 20 27 1912 1913 1,069 1,187 78.8 78.9 .171 13.46 .190 14.98 , 470 97 217 383 37 446 20 62 27 8 1907 1908 1909 1910 293 194 282 267 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .160 .150 .138 .160 14 plants., 1910 1911 672 391 84.0 84.0 .152 12.77 .148 12.46 80 64 15 plants. 1911 1912 417 468 84.0 82.2 .149 12.50 .152 12.53 64 76 14 plants. 1912 1913 423 461 82.0 81.6 .153 12.63 .167 13.74 1907 1908 1909 1910 66 44 50 48 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .177 .168 .161 .181 13 plants. 1910 1911 142 84 82.8 82.0 .169 13.85 .170 13.67 14 plants. 1911 1912 92 96 82.2 80.0 .171 13.84 .176 13.90 14 plants. 1912 1913 96 98 80.0 80.3 .175 13.81 .191 15.19 12 1907 1908 1909 1910 132 86 135 149 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .195 .184 .186 .202 20 4 1 6 .... 21 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 231 203 237 84.0 82.9 78.1 .196 16.47 .194 15.99 .200 15.48 23 plants___ 1912 1913 241 234 78.2 82.3 .199 15.46 .215 17.60 1907 1908 1909 1910 115 79 135 134 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .159 .152 .149 .163 1910 1911 1912 278 294 343 84.0 82.6 79.6 . 165 13.88 .168 13.89 .173 13.67 34 plants... Bottom fillers: 7 plants___ Top fillers: 8 plants.. Larry men: 11 plants. L arry m en’ s helpers: 10 plants... 19 plants... 13.40 , 12.59 11.61 13.41 68 40 40 50 18 76 14.86 14.15 13.56 15.18 14 16.41 15.48 15.64 16.97 16 24 46 13.35 12.80 12.53 13.69 38 12 76 98 78 10 8 6 26 12 12 24 2 18 12 6 6 10 16 12 18 6 6 16 22 18 30 6 6 16 12 68 29 56 44 31 67 20 49 30 42 81 76 118 21 17 21 42 18 120 164 21 36 20 20 20 . 20 36 21 39 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BLAST FURNACES. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BLAST FURNACES—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Continued. Num Aver age ber fi3lOccupation, and of time Year em number of plants. ploy hours per ees. week L arry m en ’ s helpers—Con. 23 plants___ 1912 1913 Skip operators: 11 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 19 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 359 342 86 64 94 97 Aver age rate of wages per hour. Aver Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. time 8 week-• and un iy earn der ings. 9 cts. 9 10 andI and un un der der 10 12 cts. cts. 79.6 $0,172 $13.64 82.6 .190 15.691 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .193 .184 .183 .196 16.19 15.49 15.40 16.46 12 14 16 and[ andLand un un un der der der 14 16 18 cts. cts. cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 16 16 20 4 263 28 24 143 36 151 6 10 6 8 8 24 16 28 31 4 6 40 8 46 28 16 48 2 2 2 2 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 5 125 84.0 124 83.8 136 79.2 .197 16.56 .198 16.60 .206 16.14 10 8 8 35 34 38 14 2 6 60 70 54 6 10 30 8 8 38 6 6 14 56 no 30 12 10 12 20 11 22 30 33 33 41 26 33 44 2 45 55 33 50 3 12 12 18 20 plan v?___ 1912 1913 Blowers: 18 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 138 150 79.3 82.9 .206 16.19 .217 17.95 78 68 86 90 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .300 .283 .286 .307 32 plants___ 1910 1911 131 121 83.5 82.9 .296 24.74 .306 25.24 2 27 24 33 plants___ 1911 1912 123 132 82.9 80.2 .305 25.21 .313 24.84 2 2 24 21 35 38 50 53 34 plants___ 1912 1913 Blowing e n g i neers: 20 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 139 147 80.3 82.0 .315 25.01 .329 26.84 2 2 23 22 38 24 56 20 80 U9 100 85 103 112 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .242 .235 .230 .245 20.30 19.77 19.35 20.59 2 4 4 2 6 4 6 6 12 6 12 8 12 30 42 42 65 41 39 46 8 34 plants___ 1910 1911 153 135 84.0 83.0 .243 20.39 .244 20.20 2 2 14 10 15 14 45 40 69 61 8 8 35 plants___ 1911 1912 137 142 82.9 80.6 .244 20.15 .249 19.93 2 2 10 10 14 20 42 31 61 63 8 16 35 plants___ 1912 1913 Blowing e n g i neers’ assist ants: 11 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 142 148 80.6 81.6 .249 19.93 .263 21.37 2 2 10 20 24 31 31 63 51 16 38 67 51 74 66 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .203 .199 .191 .208 2 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 94 91 108 84.0 83.2 80.4 .207 17.38 .205 17.06 .211 16.85 18 plants___ 1912 1913 Stove tenders: 20 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 106 94 80.8 83.2 .213 17.13 .225 18.67 34 plants___ 1910 1911 25.17 23.74 24.04 25.80 17.02 16.72 16.08 17.48 140 84.0 96 84.0 140 84.0 146 84.0 .192 .185 .181 .197 200 178 .193 16.21 .190 15.69 84.0 82.7 16.10 15.52 15.22 16.55 1 2 6 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 *4 2 16 12 26 12 33 23 22 36 10 8 10 10 2 2 4 6 6 4 3 2 4 17 19 16 56 58 72 10 4 s 4 4 4 4 16 2 74 62 s 18 4 8 12 4 16 8 17 12 9 4 14 18 73 36 52 28 26 38 43 84 12 6 6 22 22 32 22 36 104 40 88] 1Including 4 employees earning 50 and under GOcents per hour. 3 4 2 40 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . NUMBER—Continued. Aver Aver Num Aver age age age full ber full rate time Occupation, and of time of week number of Year. em wages plants. ploy* hours per per ly week. hour. eara- Stove tenders— Concluded. 35 plants.... 1911 1912 36 plants__ 1912 1913 Kee] Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 8 and un der 9 cts. 10 12 14 16 and and and and un un un un der der der der 10 12 14 16 18 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 9 and un der 18 and un der 25 and un der 30 cts. 20 and un der 20 25 cts. cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 212 180 82.7 $0,190 $15.68 79.5 .195 15.42 6 6 22 22 24 30 40 88 30 124 214 79.5 .195 15.38 213 81.8 .211 17.24 8 6 22 10 30 29 30 124 5 163 18 8 8 6 11 4 24 4 4 1907 1908 1909 1910 146 96 141 142 2 94 72 105 16 107 34 plants__ 1910 1911 201 84.0 .215 18.09 182 82.7 .217 17.95 19 18 4 4 37 135 28 128 6 1911 1912 184 82.7 .217 17.95 216 79.6 .223 17.61 18 14 4 12 28 130 29 137 4 24 36 plants__ 1912 1913 Keepers’ help ers: 20 plants__ 1907 1908 1909 1910 218 79.6 .223 17.59 224 81.9 .234 19.13 14 12 12 31 137 24 32 66 106 34 plants... 1910 1911 877 84.0 .168 14.13 734 83.1 .167 13.83 38 105 149 269 244 60 92 96 196 234 72 56 35 plants... 1911 1912 742 83.1 .167 13.84 846 81.0 .170 13.74 60 92 96 198 240 62 76 138 192 279 56 99 36 plants... 1912 1913 870 80.2 .173 13.75 902 82.2 .186 15.30 40 86 140 196 279 129 40 36 124 110 78 514 Iron handlers and loaders: 9 plants.__ 1907 1908 1909 1910 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .218 18.34 .210 17.68 .205 17.26 .219 18.43 616 84.0 .165 409 84.0 .160 84.0 .155 608 84.0 203 163 242 177 73.2 73.0 73.6 73.0 .193 .190 .177 .195 13.89 13.41 13.04 14.22 14.20 13.95 ...... 13.05 14.24 6 10 14 8 48 48 90 38 94 46 16 54 57 83 68 101 10 26 3 23 27 28 47 17 19 2 4 216 116 161 88 96 28 188 192 50 211 120 6 4 20 86 18 86 68 13 51 40 50 33 5 14 18 28 22 45 6 12 g 18 plants__ 1910 1911 305 74.2 .194 14.36 300 72.7 .195 14.11 24 32 129 21 33 98 30 54 75 36 22 21 19 plants__ 1911 1912 308 73.0 .195 14.17 359 72.2 .195 14.04 21 11 33 98 59 115 38 60 75 22 21 68 19 plants__ 1912 1913 Pig-machine men: 9 plants.. 1907 1908 1909 1910 406 73.1 .206 15.11 446 72.5 16.07 11 1 22 55 119 128 60 80 36 176 21 14.03 13.69 13.57 14.27 25 18 23 13 30 110 13 108 11 98 27 92 20i 6 2 14 44 14.14 13.90 17 44 166 29 34 138 58 46 193 157 152 182 84.0 83.9 83.9 83.8 .167 .163 .162 .170 16 plants__ 1910 1911 291 83.9 17 plants__ 1911 1912 1913 13.98 267 82.4 275 81.9 .171 13.97 290 81.8 .192 15.69 6 12 40 and un der 50 cts. e 6 6 12 29 34 138 52 14 18 23 174 50 10 8 10 35 112 125 . 18 28 60 4 79 IS 41 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLAST FURNACES. T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . NUMBER—Concluded. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver age Num Aver age age full ber full Occupation, and time 8 10 12 14 16 25 30 40 of time rate 18 20 of Year. em number of and and and and and and and and and and hours wages week and plants. un un un un un un un ploy per per un un un un ly ees. week. hour. earn der der der der der der der der der der der 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 ings. 9 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Cinder men: 20 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 262 83.6 $0,173 $14.46 245 82.6 .156 12.88 380 82.2 .150 12.34 357 82.9 .166 13.78 32 plants. 1910 1911 482 339 82.9 81.3 .163 13.56 .158 12.84 155 32 plants. 1911 1912 333 397 81.3 75.2 .158 12.82 .164 12.20 147 148 33 plants. 1912 1913 356 380 77.3 79.9 .162 12.49 .179 14.27 1907 1908 1909 1910 957 718 757 902 75.8 72.8 73.0 73.6 .146 .140 .138 .152 34 plants. 1910 1911 1,423 935 74.7 73.3 .150 11.23 .151 11.13 35 plants., 1911 1912 937 961 73.3 73.1 .151 11.14 .152 11.15 , 35 plants., 1912 1913 1,049 1,273 73.1 72.5 .152 11.15, .171 12.43. Laborers: 20 plants. 11.13 10.24 10.17 11.18 64 118 84 153 224 14 14 158 48 35 173 175 38 267 172 197 477 66 135 7 116 1 465 152 581 433 433 465 31 496 250 PER CENT. Stockers: 18 plants.. 53.3 1.2 13.7 40.4 6.1 8.5 38.8 6.5 9.1 43.9 18.3 6.9 2.9 824 473 737 904 32 plants... 1910 1911 1,445 898 79.9 79.8 .164 13.17 .167 13.36 3.0 15.9 20.3 38.1 15.3 6.1 9.5 17.7 42.3 16.9 7.3 3.0 4.5 32 plants... 1911 1912 904 1,045 79.7 78.7 .168 13.40 ....... .173 13.61 5.1 9.4 17.6 43.7 16.8 4.7 5.1 14.8 46.6 20.8 3.0 3.5 4.4 1.9 *2.6 34 plants__ 1912 1913 1,069 1,187 78.8 78.9 .171 13.46 .190 14.98 7.8 5.0 15.2 44.0 20.3 3.5 4.5 5.1 6.5 8.2 32.3 37.6 Bottom fillers: 7 plants___ 81.4 $0,170 $13.83 79.1 .157 12.43i ’ 0. 6 *4.2 80.9 .158 12.75i .4 2.2 81.0 .166 13.43 3.3 10.2 15.4 6.6 7.8 25.8 8.4 16.6 18.1 3.9 18.1 9.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 12.3 23.2 10.9 13.40 ....... . . . . 9.3 30.9 17.5 12.59 21.3 47.5 11.61 32.6 18.7 13.41 30.4 21.6 17.0 30.0 23.2 20.6 14.2 18.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 293 84.0 194 84.0 282 84.0 267 84.0 .160 .150 .138 .160 14 plants.. 1910 1911 672 391 84.0 84.0 .152 12.77 .148 12.46 26.2 47.6 14.3 11.9 35.0 39.9 8.7 16.4 15 plants.. 1911 1912 417 468 84.0 82.2 .149 12.50 .152 12.53 41.7 10.1 15.3 44.7 11.5 16.2 14 plants.. 1912 1913 423 461 82.0 81.6 .153 12.63 .167 13.74 33.6 18.0 18.0 41.2 21.3 16.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 66 44 50 48 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .177 .168 .161 .181 1 op fillers: 8 plants... 1.9 2.5 5.2 .7 ....... 12.1 9.1 15.2 39.4 6. 1 : 14.86 13.6 18.2 27.3 9.1! 14.15 20.0 13.56 ....... . . . . 12. o: 12.0 24.0 8.3 33.3 8.3 50.0 ....... 15.18 ....... 42 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . PER CENT—Continued. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver AverNum Aver age age ber full rate & Occupation, and time 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 of time of Year. em number of and and and and and and and and and and wages week un un and un un un un un un un un un ploy hours ly per per earn der der der der der der der der der der der ees. week. hour. 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 9 ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Top fillers—Con, 13 plants___ 1910 1911 142 84 14 plants___ 1911 1912 14 plants___ 1912 1913 Larry men: 11 plants__ 1907 1908 1909 1910 82.8 $0,169 $13.85 82.0 .170 13.67 2.8 26.1 54.2 2.4 16.7 23.8 33.3 92 96 82.2 80.0 .171 13.84 .176 13.90 2.2 15.2 21.7 30.4 10.9 13.0 2.1 10.4 31.3 14.6 16.7 18.8 6.5 ....... 6.3 96 98 80.0 80.3 .175 13.81 .191 15.19 4.2 12.5 27.1 14.6 16.7 18.8 2.0 6.1 18.4 14.3 22.4 30.6 6.3 6.1 132 86 135 149 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .195 .184 .186 .202 21 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 231 203 237 84.0 82.9 78.1 .196 16.47 .194 15.99 .200 15.48 .9 1.7 1.7 30.3 21.2 35.1 * 9.1 1.0 1.0 3.0 34.5 14.8 37.4 8.4 1.7 2.5 19.4 17.7 49.8 8.9 23 plants___ 1912 1913 L a rry m en ’ s helpers: 10 plants.... 1907 1908 1909 1910 241 234 78.2 82.3 .199 15.46 .215 17.60 2.5 2.5 19.1 17.4 49.8 8.7 2.6 2.6 1.7 7.7 70.1 15.4 115 79 135 134 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .159 .152 .149 .163 19 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 278 294 343 84.0 82.6 79.6 .165 13.88 .168 13.89 .173 13.67 23 plants... 1912 1913 359 342 79.6 82.6 .172 13.64 .190 15.69 1907 1908 1909 1910 86 64 94 97 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .193 .184 .183 .196 19 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 125 124 136 84.0 83.8 79.2 .197 16.56 .198 16.60 .206 16.14 8.0 28.0 11.2 48.0 4.8 6.5 27.4 1.6 56.5 8.1 5.9 27.9 4.4 39.7 22.1 138 79.3 150 82.9 .206 16.19 .217 17.95 5.8 27.5 5.3 4.0 Skip operators: 11 plants... 20 plants... Blowers: 18 plants... 1912 1913 16.41 15.48 15.64 16.97 13.35 12.80 12.53 13.69 15.2 3.0 12.1 7.0 18.6 9.3 4.4 3.0 19.*3 1.3 1.3 2.7 ’ 16.”i 7.0 1.7 29.6 45.6 12.7 7.4 28. i 30.4 29.1 6.0 12.7 2.4 14.3 12.1 14.0 50.4 19.5 4.2 7.1 42.4 15.2 51.2 23.0 45.0 14.1 ....... 61.7 41.8 34.1 50.0 14.9 4.3 .7 23.7 64.0 .7 4.1 15.6 72.8 4.1 5.2 74.3 7.2 6.8 5.8 10.5 4.5 5.6 73.3 6.7 10.0 4.7 1.2 8.2 41.8 44.2 16.19 15.49 15.40 16.46 11.6 9.4 9.4 8.5 8.2 27.9 4.7 53.5 25.0 9.4 43.8 29.8 42.6 17.0 32.0 8.2 49.5 2.3 3.1 2.1 2.1 ..... 4.3 40.6 21.7 9.3 73.3 8.0 28.2 52.6 44.1 38.2 38.4 38.4 36.7 48.9 6.4 20.6 34.4 42.0 "i.*7 ....... 19.8 27.3 41.3 2.3 9.9 12.8 17.6 23.3 12.2 25.17 23.74 24.04 25.80 1907 1908 1909 1910 78 68 86 90 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .300 .283 .286 .307 1910 1911 131 121 83.5 82.9 .296 24.74 .306 25.24 ....... 33 plants... 1911 1912 123 132 82.9 80.2 .305 25.21 .313 24.84 1.6 1.5 19.5 28.5 40.7 9.8 15.9 28.8 40.2 13.6 34 plants... 1912 1913 139 147 80.3 82.0 .315 25.01 .329 26.84 1.4 16.5 27.3 40.3 14.4 i.4 15.0 16.3 54.4 112.9 32 plants... Blowing engi neers: 20 plants... ....... .... .8 2.0 6.0 12.0 100 84.0 .242 20.30 1907 4.7 4.7 7.1 85 84.0 .235 19.77 1908 3.9 5.8 11.7 1909 103 84.0 .230 19.35 1.8 5.4 7.1 112 84.0 .245 20.59 1910 i Including 2.7 per cent earning 50 and under 60 cents per hour. 12.0 35.3 40.8 37.5 65.0 3.0 48.2 37.9 41.1 7.1 2.2 43 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BLAST FURNACES. T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . PER CENT—Continued. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver age Num Aver age age fifllber full rate Occupation, and 25 18 20 time 8 9 10 12 14 16 40 of time Year. em of number of and and and and and and and and and and wages week and plants. un un un un un un un un un un un ploy hours ly per per earn der der der der der der der der der der der ees. week. hour. ings. 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Blowing engi neers—Con. 34 plants___ 1910 1911 153 84.0 $0,243 $20.39 135 83.0 .244 20.20 9.2 9.8 29.4 45.1 7.4 10.4 29.6 45.2 35 plants___ 1911 1912 137 82.9 142 80.6 .244 20.15 .249 19.93 7.3 10.2 30.7 44.5 5.8 7.0 14.1 21.8 44.4 11.3 35 plants___ 1912 1913 Blowing engi neers’ assist ants: 11 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 142 80.6 148 81.6 .249 19.93 .263 21.37 7.0 14.1 21.8 44.4 11.3 16.2 20.9 34.5 25.7 3.0 23.9 23.5 5.4 35.1 3.0 18.2 67 51 74 66 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .203 .199 .191 .208 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 94 91 108 84.0 83.2 80.4 .207 17.38 .205 17.06 .211 16.85 3.2 18.1 10.6 2.2 20.9 63.7 4.4 3.7 14.8 66.7 7.4 18 plants___ 1912 1913 Stove tenders: 20 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 106 94 80.8 83.2 .213 17.13 .225 18.67 3.8 15.1 7.5 4.3 2.1 66.0 19.1 4.3 140 96 140 146 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .192 .185 .181 .197 34 plants___ 1910 1911 200 178 84.0 82.7 .193 16.21 .190 15.69 16.0 18.0 52.0 12.4 22.5 49.4 35 plants___ 1911 1912 180 212 82.7 79.5 .190 15.68 .195 15.42 13.3 22.2 48.9 14.2 14.2 58.5 36 plants___ 1912 1913 Keepers: 20 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 214 213 79.5 81.8 .195 15.38 .211 17.24 14.0 14.0 57.9 13.6 2.3 76.5 146 96 141 142 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .218 .210 .205 .219 18.34 17.68 17.26 18.43 12.3 8.3 9.9 7.7 34 plants___ 1910 1911 201 182 84.0 82.7 .215 18.09 .217 17.95 9.5 9.9 2.0 18.4 67.2 2.2 15.4 70.3 35 plants___ 1911 1912 184 216 82.7 79.6 .217 17.95 .223 17.61 9.8 6.5 2.2 15.2 70.7 2.2 5.6 13.4 63.4 11.1 36 plants___ 1912 1913 Keepers’ help ers: 20 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 218 224 79.6 81.9 .223 17.59 .234 19.13 6.4 3.6 5.5 14.2 11.0 5.4 14.3 29.5 47.3 616 409 596 608 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 .165 .160 .155 .169 34 plants___ 1910 1911 877 734 84.0 83.1 .168 14.13 .167 13.83 4.3 12.0 17.0 30.7 27.8 8.2 12.5 13.1 26.7 31.9 35 plants___ 1911 1912 742 846 83.1 81.0 .167 13.84 .170 13.74 8.1 12.4 12.9 26.7 32.3 7.5 7.3 9.0 16.3 22.7 33.0 11.7 36 plants___ 1912 1913 870 902 80.2 82.2 .173 13.75 .186 15.30 4.6 9.916.1 22.5 32.1 14.8 4.4 4.013.7 12.2 8.6J 57.0 17.02 16.72 16.08 17.48 16.10 15.52 15.22 16.55 13.89 13.41 13.04 14.22 6.4 4.2 10.0 12.3 2.9 2.7 7.8 15.3 7.5 11.7 16.6 3.9 15.1 16.9 9.1 6.3 9.4 13.7 52.1 37.5 37.1 19.2 49.3 45.1 29.7 54.5 14.9 15.7 13.5 15.2 18.6 39.6 30.7 57.5 5.5 1.4 64.4 16.4 6.3 75.0 4.2 2.8 *2*8 74.5 2.8 1.4 11.3 75.4 4.2 35.1 39.4 35.4 30.9 18. 15.6 21.5 20.1 3.4 31.6 8.2 8.2 7.6 3.0 2.2 1.4 44 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n c lu d e d . PER CENT—Concluded. Num Aver age ber full Occupation, and of time Year. em number of plants. ploy hours per ees. week. Iron handlers and loaders: 9 plants___ Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver- Aver age full rate time 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 of week and and and and and and and and and and and un un un un un un un un un un un ly per der der der der der der der der der der der hour. earn 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 ings. 9 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 4.9 12.8 1.8 14.1 16.6 11.6 19.4 9.6 10.7 42.4 27.6 35.5 38.4 25.1 24.5 3.1 8.6 20.7 7.4 18.6 15.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 203 163 242 177 73.2 $0,193 $14.20 73.0 .190 13.95 73.6 .177 13.05 73.0 .195 14.24 1910 1911 305 300 74.2 72.7 .194 14.36 .195 14.11 7.9 10.5 42.3 7.2 17.7 11.8 7.0 11.0 32.7 10.0 25.0 7.3 19 plants___ 1911 1912 308 73.0 72.2 .195 14.17 .195 14.04 6.8 10.7 31.8 12.3 24.4 3.1 16.4 32.0 16.7 18.9 7.1 5.0 19 plants___ 1912 1913 P ig -m a c h in e men: 9 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 406 446 73.1 72.5 .206 15.11 .220 16.07 2.7 13.5 29.3 14.8 19.7 .2 4.9 28.7 8.1 39.5 5.2 14.8 .9 17.7 193 157 152 182 84.0 83.9 83.9 .167 .163 .162 .170 16 plants.... 1910 1911 291 259 17 plants__ 1911 1912 1913 18 plants... 57.0 3.1 10.4 68.8 7.6 3.8 64.5 9.2 3.9 50.5 24.2 3.3 14.03 13.69 13.57 14.27 13.0 15.5 11.5 8.3 15.1 7.2 7.1 14.8 83.9 82.4 14.14 13.90 5.8 15.1 57.0 19.9 11.2 13.1 53.3 17.8 267 275 290 82.4 81.9 81.8 13.98 .171 13.97 .192 15.69 1907 1908 1909 1910 262 245 380 357 82.6 82.2 82.9 .173 .156 .150 .166 14.46 12.88 12.34 13.78 0.8 .5 32 plants. 1910 1911 482 339 82.9 81.3 .163 13.56 .158 12.84 .4 32 plants. 1911 1912 333 81.3 75.2 .158 12. .164 12.20 33 plants___ 1912 1913 356 77.3 79.9 .162 12.49 .179 14.27 1907 1908 1909 1910 957 718 757 902 75.8 72.8 73.0 73. .146 .140 .138 .152 34 plants.. 1910 1911 1,423 74.7 73.3 .150 11.23 .151 11.13 3.1 4.1 35 plants. 1911 1912 937 961 73.3 73.1 .151 11.14 .152 11.15 4.125.624.1 46.2 3.224.723.6 48.4 35 plants. 1912 1913 1,049 1,273 73.1 72.5 .152 11.15 .171 12.43 .1 3.3 23.026.3 47.3 .814.1 17.0 19.6 36.5 11.9 Cinder men: 20 plants. Laborers: 20 plants.. 11.13 10.24 10.17 11.18 1.0 2.1 4.6 10.9 12.7 51.7 19.5 5.2 6.5 8.4 63.3 18.2 3.6 3.4 12.1 38.6 43.1 .6 45.0 9.2 16.0 9.8 34.3 5.5 40.3 62.7 11.8 2.2 8.7 9.7 .3 1.7 .3 1. 820.1.722.2 44.1 9.9 1.5 8.828.5 37.3 15.6 .3 7.8 .3 4.624.4 13.9 33.5 27.6 19.7 8.7 11.5 2 3 8.9 19.9 58.1 1.820.4 21.2 45.7 3.9 7.922.8 44.4 18.5 2.0 3.7 5.5 12.1 12.6 35.5 30.5 3. 728.1.639.8 24.1 10.3 41.1 23.1 25.924.4 4. 2 21,.821.1 3 32. 724, 27.9 24.0 26.0 52.9 40.8 46.3 5.9 45 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BLAST FURNACES. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLAST FURNACES. T a b le [The abbreviation “ G. L. and M. W .” stands for “ Great Lakes and Middle West.” ] STOCKERS. Year and district. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh G .L .an dM .W . Southern.......... Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. 5 8 10 'to 11 81 617 224 147 Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Av Av Average erage efS f full rate time 8 25 30 40 18 20 9 10 12 14 16 time of and and and and and and and and and and hours wages week and un un un un un un un un un un un ly per per der der der der der der der der der der der week. hour. earn 25 10 12 14 16 18 20 30 40 50 9 ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 68.8 $0,172 $11.81 80.6 .180 14.58 77.6 .169 13.12 78.6 .130 10.20 T o ta l.... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh.. G. L.anaM . W . Southern.......... 34 1,069 78.8 .171 13.46 102 681 238 166 68.8 81.4 77.6 76.5 .187 .202 .191 .137 12.79 16.50 14.81 10.33 T o ta l.... 34 1,187 78.9 .190 14.98 5 8 10 11 ' 14 8 323 139 18 181 18 83 39 29 57 37 83 53 162 470 9 30 14 10 13 20 7 20 217 37 20 27 10 359 71 6 14 44 4 8 446 62 8 10 46 7 53 51 24 14 34 **237 27 136 22 10 53 61 77 97 383 44 90 8 44 14 62 30 46 85 76 76 BOTTOM FILLERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.anaM . W . Southern.......... 3 2 4 5 134 44 116 129 84.0 $0,142 $11.94 84.0 .186 15.61 84.0 .178 14.93 77.6 .131 10.25 Total___ 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.anaM . W . Southern.......... 14 423 82.0 .153 12.63 3 2 4 5 118 42 134 167 84.0 84.0 84.0 77.5 .158 .205 .193 .144 Total----- 14 461 81.6 .167 13.74 129 142 118 13.27 17.24 16.22 11.19 95 72 95 190 10 88 32 46 98 78 TOP FILLERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... Southern.......... T o ta l.... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... Southern.......... 3 16 84.0 $0,154 $12.96 1 6 84.0 .217 18.23 G .L . 30 .W 78.4 .218 16.62 3 .andM 44 79.1 .147 11.61 7 14 96 80.0 16 84.0 3 1 6 84.0 78.4 G .L . 30 .W 3 .andM 46 79.8 7 Total----- 14 98 80.3 .175 13.81 .179 .238 .238 .159 8 8 4 12 18 6 12 4 4 12 26 14 16 8 8 14.99 19.99 18.21 12.66 2 6 18 6 14 .191 15.19 2 6 18 14 22 6 12 6 18 6 6 24 6 30 6 LARRY MEN. 1919. Eastern......... Pittsburgh___ G. L.anaM. W. Southern... T otal.. 1913. Eastern......... Pittsburgh___ G. L.anaM. W, Southern....... Total.. 142 65 78.0 10.194 $15.17 76.9 .197 15.02 78.6 .221 17.29 84.0 .160 13.40 241 78.2 15.46 10 130 79.2 84.0 78.5 84.0 234 82.3 28 23 21 10 42 120 21 .201 16.01 .214 17.96 18.63 .168 14.08 4 124 36 30 .215 17.60 18 164 46 46 BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLAST FURNACES—Continued. T a b le LARRY MEN’S HELPERS. Av erage full time hours per week. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Av Av erage erage full rate time 8 9 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 of and and and and and and and and and and wages week and un un un un un un un un un un un ly per earn der der der der der der der der der der hour. ings. der 9 25 10 12 14 16 18 20 30 40 50 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. !1 Year and district. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . Southern.......... 3 8 6 6 10 248 75 26 79.2 $0,166 $13.19 79.9 .178 14.13 76.8 .168 12.90 84.0 .134 11.26 T o ta l.... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM . W . Southern.......... 23 359 79.6 .172 13.64 3 8 6 6 14 230 70 28 80.6 84.0 77.8 84.0 .171 .197 .190 .142 Total___ 23 342 82.6 .190 15.69 13.85 16.55 14.75 11.89 4 20 36 16 6 1 192 4 71 10 16 20j 263 24 36 8 88 47 142 9 4 2 16 . . . . 14 12 16 28 143 151 6 20 6 2 24 30 26 4 4 SKIP OPERATORS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L .andM .W . Southern.......... 3 8 5 4 8 76 34 20 78.0 $0,186 $14.60 77.4 .217 16.53 81.2 .214 17.36 84.0 .161 13.52 8 12 T o ta l.... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM . W . Southern.......... 20 138 79.3 .206 16.19 8 38 6 56 30 3 8 5 4 10 80 38 22 79.2 84.0 80.8 84.0 .196 .227 .228 .170 15.70 19.04 18.39 14.26 4 2 8 2 12 4 72 34 8 4 T o ta l.... 20 150 82.9 .217 17.95 8 6 14 110 12 11 1 19 26 10 1 8 9 2 56 20 BLOWERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L .andM .W . Southern.......... 1 81.8 $0,252 $20.41 79.0 .332 25.85 80.0 .353 28.06 81.9 .274 22.46 6 8 9 11 16 50 39 34 T o ta l.... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L .andM .W . Southern.......... 34 139 80.3 .315 25.01 6 8 9 11 17 46 50 34 81.9 84.0 80.2 81.9 .254 .351 .366 .283 T o ta l.... 34 147 82.0 .329 26.84 2 12 3 23 4 8 2 23 38 f 20.61 29.47 29.05 23.16 10 t 1 4 2 1 5 35 6 8 32 UO 7 11 2 2 12 2 22 24 80 119 2 38 22 1 6 10 BLOWING ENGINEERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... 82.5 $0,192 $15.84 80.3 .278 22.12 80.0 .267 21.25 81.2 .195 15.83 6 9 10 10 16 46 54 26 T o ta l.... . 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W . Southern.......... 35 142 80.6 .249 19.93 6 9 10 10 16 44 60 28 82.5 84.0 79.6 81.4 .195 .289 .287 .208 T o ta l.... 35 148 81.6 .263 21.37 16.12 24.25 22.73 16.92 - 8 6 2 2 14 2 22 7 2 10 20 31 63 16 16 15 14 24 10 2 30 18 1 2 24 31 51 38 2 ___1........ 2 2i....... 14 i Including 4 employees earning 50 and under 60 cents per hour. 47 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLAST FURNACES. I I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLAST FURNACES—Continued. T a b le BLOWING ENGINEERS' ASSISTANTS. Year and district. Av Av Num erage erage full rate Num ber of of time ber of em plants. ploy hours wages per per ees. week. hour. 1912. ■Rastfim _____ Pittsburgh . . . . G. L. and M. W. Southern . . . . . 3 8 4 3 Total___ 1913. Eastern. . . . . . . . Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W. Southern.. . . . . . 18 Total___ 18 3 8 4 3 Av erage full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 8 and un der 9 cts. 9 and un der 10 cts. 10 and un der 12 cts. 12 14 and and un un der der 14 16 cts. cts. 6 80.0 $0,177 $14.17 69 80.3 .222 17.73 17 80.5 .219 17.47 14 84.0 .179 15.07 106 80.8 16 and un der 18 cts. 4 4 4 .213 17.13 4 14.49 19.68 19.10 15.79 4 94 .225 18.67 4 4 6 14 25 and un der 30 cts. 3 5 16 74 8 18 2 2 40 12 8 2 62 18 20 10 72 52 124 4 .181 .234 .238 .188 20 and un der 25 cts. 2 66 6 6 10 6 80.0 58 84.0 16 81.0 14 84.0 83.2 18 and un der 20 cts. 4 STOVE TENDERS. 1913. Eastern . . . . . . . Pittsburgh.. . . . G. L.andM. W . Southern......... 81.6 $0,166 $13.56 78.5 .207 16.15 78.8 .209 16.41 82.1 .155 12.73 8 16 2 14 79.5 .195 15.38 8 22 30 30 21 86 67 39 81.7 84.0 78.6 82.5 .173 .223 .229 .174 14.18 18.71 17.97 14.38 18 3 6 10 11 213 81.8 .211 17.24 6 10 6 9 10 11 20 92 64 38 Total___ 1913. Eastern .......... Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Southern.......... 36 214 6 9 10 11 Total...... 36 2 86 65 12 29 5 163 8 11 1 74 62 18 6 137 24 KEEPERS. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM . W. Southern.......... Rl.J*n.l79 $14.54 78.5 .248 19.25 79.1 .231 18.24 82.1 .170 14.02 14 4 20 218 79.6 .223 17.59 14 12 31 6 9 10 11 22 86 74 42 81.8 84.0 79.1 82.3 .193 .259 .247 .180 15.76 21.73 19.56 14.82 8 36 224 81.9 .234 19.13 6 9 10 11 20 92 68 38 Total..*.. 19 13. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W . Southern.......... 36 T o t a l.... 14 8 12 18 54 4 8 12 32 66 24 80 4 56 16 146 34 82 197 90 39 279 129 34 44 258 256 78 514 KEEPERS’ HELPERS. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM . W . Southern.......... 6 9 10 11 120 82.8 $0,148 $12.21 318 78.2 .191 14.78 274 80.3 .186 14.89 158 82.0 .132 10.88 40 62 .173 13.75 40 86 140 196 60 70 Total___ 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W . Southern.......... 36 870 6 9 10 11 130 82.9 292 84.0 300 80.4 180 81.7 .162 .207 .204 .140 13.44 17.42 16.35 11.45 40 36 64 40 Total___ 36 902 .186 15.30 40 36 124 110 80.2 82.2 30 and un der 40 cts. 86 20 106 4 40 and un der 50 cts. 48 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. I I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLAST FURNACES—Concluded. T a b le IRON HANDLERS AND LOADERS. Year and district. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .an dM .W . Southern.......... Av Av erage erage full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Av- Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 10 9 time 8 and and week and un un un ly earn der der der 10 12 ings. 9 cts. cts. cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 4 2 3 10 62 32 108 204 79.3 $0,213 $16.58 77.1 .231 17.69 77.0 .247 19.14 68.5 .178 12.13 11 12 43 19 406 73.1 .206 15.11 11 55 .259 .261 .263 .181 19.37 20.40 20.19 12.41 1 22 .220 16.07 1 22 Total___ 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W . Southern.. . . . . . 4 2 3 10 58 29 128 231 77.2 78.8 76.2 68.4 T o ta l.... 19 446 72.5 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 26 12 10 6 *28 77 20 20 and un der 25 cts. 12 18 50 Total___ 1913. Eastern.......... . Pittsburgh----G.L.andM . W. Southern........ . 17 T o ta l..., 17 17 153 85 20 72.0 $0,157 $11.27 84.0 .173 14.52 79.5 .176 14.00 84.0 .142 11.89 275 81.9 .171 13.97 18 158 94 20 72.0 84.0 79.7 84.0 .156 .196 .199 .151 81.8 .192 15.69 10 60 1 108 9 27 3 26 10 43 128 36 176 4 174 50 10 35 112 125 69 89 50 14 2 7 158 66 7 61 74 75 39 2 116 CINDER MEN. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W . Southern. 6 7 10 10 26 119 143 68 81.6 $0,147 $11.99 73.1 .176 12.82 79.1 .169 13.30 79.0 .132 10.41 2.... 14 28 33 22 T o ta l.... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . Southern.......... 33 356 77.3 .162 12.49 2.... 14 28 81 6 7 10 10 28 82.0 136 81.0 136 79.1 80 78.6 .154 .193 .192 .143 12.59 15.60 15.14 11.14 14 T o ta l.... 33 380 .179 14.27 14 79.9 26 18 10 21 28 23 15 21 46 48 135 28 4 65 82 61 68 6 225 265 1 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern......... Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . Southern.......... 6 9 9 11 100 311 326 312 68.6 $0,144 $9.82 76.7 .163 12.54 72.3 .166 11.98 71.8 .130 9.33 35 209 T o ta l.... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . Southern.......... 35 1,049 73.1 .152 11.15 35 241 276 496 1 157 365 431 320 68.6 77.8 72.6 68.1 .151 10.32 .188 14.68 .189 13.68 .136 9.22 137 10 179 80 20 126 53 51 154 311 85 67 Total___ 35 1,273 72.5 .171 12.43 10 179 217 250 465 152 6 9 9 11 3 12 18 76 70 10 8 6 10 44 21 8 113 53 11.25 16.49 15.82 12.72 18 80 20 18 30 and un der 40 cts. 60 119 PIG-MACHINE MEN. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh----G.L.andM .W . Southern........ . 25 and un der 30 cts. 79 40 and un der 50 cts. 49 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLAST FURNACES. I I I ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BLAST FURNACES. T a b le [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Occupation, and number of plants. Stockers: 18 plants............ Year. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— AverNum age full Over Over ber of time Over 56 48 emhours 60 72 and per and under 60 72 and and 84 week. under under under 60 56 72 84 1907 1908 1909 1910 824 473 737 904 81.4 79.1 80.9 81.0 1910 1911 1,445 79.9 79.8 32 plants............ 1911 1912 904 1,045 79.7 78.7 34 plants............ 1912 1913 1,069 1,187 78.8 78.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 194 282 267 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 293 194 282 267 14 plants............ 1910 1911 672 391 84.0 84.0 672 391 15 plants............ 1911 1912 417 84.0 417 14 plants............ 1912 1913 423 461 82.0 81.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 44 50 48 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 66 44 50 48 13 plants............ 1910 1911 142 84 82.8 82.0 136 78 14 plants............ 1911 1912 92 96 80.0 14 plants............ 1912 1913 96 80.0 80.3 72 76 1907 1908 1909 1910 132 86 135 149 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 132 86 135 149 21 plants............ 1910 1911 1912 231 203 237 84.0 82.9 78.1 23 plants............ 1912 1913 241 234 78.2 82.3 1907 1908 1909 1910 115 79 135 134 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 115 79 135 134 19 plants............ 1910 1911 1912 278 294 343 84.0 82.6 79.6 278 260 264 23 plants............ 1912 1913 359 342 79.6 82.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 86 64 94 97 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 32 plants............ Bottom fillers: 7 plants.............. Top fillers: 8 plants............ Larry men: 11 plants............ Larry men’s helpers: 10 plants............ Skip operators: 11 plants............ 8 3 0 2 1 °— B u ll. 1 6 8 - 1 5 - 74 123 71 70 12 16 107 26 105 70 224 222 631 276 442 595 222 142 917 557 107 112 59 136 142 244 559 515 112 101 138 161 244 277 537 599 91 18 19 354 370 72 231 184 168 172 200 36 40 274 302 86 64 94 97 50 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I I . — A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Skip operators—Concluded. 19 plants....................... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Num age full Over Over of time Over Year. ber 56 em 60 48 hours 72 and and ployees and under 60 72 per and 84 under week. under under 60 72 56 84 1910 1911 1912 125 124 136 84.0 83.8 79.2 18 2 12 125 122 106 1912 1913 138 150 79.3 18 12 14 108 1907 1908 1909 1910 78 90 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 32 plants. 1910 1911 131 121 83.5 82.9 33 plants. 1911 1912 123 132 80.2 34 plants. 1912 1913 139 147 80.3 82.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 100 103 112 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 34 plants. 1910 1911 153 135 84.0 83.0 35 plants. 1911 1912 137 142 82.9 80.6 35 plants. 1912 1913 142 148 80.6 81.6 20 plants. Blowers: 18 plants. Blow: w _ 20 plants Blowing engineers’ assist ants: 11 plants...................... 94 91 108 84.0 83.2 80.4 1912 1913 106 94 80.8 83.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 140 96 140 146 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 200 178 84.0 82.7 35 plants. 1911 1912 180 212 82.7 79.5 36 plants. 1912 1913 214 213 79.5 81.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 146 96 141 142 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 201 182 84.0 82.7 1911 1912 184 216 82.7 79.6 18 plants... Stove tenders: 20 plants... 34 plants. 34 plants. 90 3 11 128 110 9 11 21 112 102 9 22 25 108 122 100 103 112 11 153 124 6 13 26 124 110 6 26 30 110 118 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1912 18 plants. 78 67 51 74 66 9 9 6 11 7 6 94 85 90 140 96 140 146 20 200 158 18 20 38 160 156 18 38 39 158 174 146 96 141 142 18 20 201 162 20 38 164 160 51 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLAST FURNACES, T a b l e I I I . — A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . NUMBER—Concluded. Occupation, ar.d number of plants. Keepers—Concluded. 36 plants.................... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Num age full Over Over Over of time 56 Year. ber em 72 hours 48 60 and ployees. per 84 and under and 72 and 60 under week. under under 56 84 72 1912 1913 218 224 79.6 81.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 616 409 596 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 34 plants.................... 1910 1911 877 734 84.0 83.1 56 877 678 35 plants.................... 1911 1912 742 846 83.1 81.0 56 126 684 36 plants.................... 1912 1913 870 902 80.2 82.2 122 136 682 766 1907 1908 1909 1910 203 163 242 177 73.2 73.0 73.6 73.0 122 97 138 105 52 86 54 18 plants.................... 1910 1911 300 74.2 72.7 179 108 89 19 plants.................... 1911 1912 308 359 73.0 72.2 189 179 36 19 plants.................... 1912 1913 406 446 73.1 72.5 198 211 41 1907 1908 1909 1910 157 152 182 84.0 83.9 83.9 83.8 193 154 149 180 16 plants.................... 1910 1911 291 259 82.4 225 17 plants.................... 1911 1912 1913 267 275 290 82.4 81.9 81.8 233 227 1907 1908 1909 1910 245 380 357 32 plants.................... 1910 1911 482 339 82.9 81.3 32 plants.................... 1911 1912 333 397 81.3 75.2 24 44 33 plants.................... 1912 1913 356 380 77.3 79.9 14 5 36 47 1907 1908 1909 1910 957 718 757 902 75.8 72.8 73.0 73.6 106 142 102 159 350 272 378 1910 1911 1,423 935 74.7 73.3 197 35 plants.................... 1911 1912 937 961 73.3 73.1 197 192 288 302 35 plants.................... 1912 1913 1,049 1,273 73.1 72.5 207 279 318 438 Keepers’ helpers: 20 plants..................... Iron handlers and loaders: 9 plants...................... Pig-machine men: 9 plants...................... Cinder men: 20 plants.................... Laborers: 20 plants.................... 34 plants.................... 18 616 409 596 66 10 83.6 82.6 82.2 35 42 97 130 131 27 24 48 20 231 201 296 312 20 6 427 265 6 1 259 224 1 26 225 244 52 109 53 45 448 195 209 343 404 426 28 1 Including 1 employee whose full-time hours per week were 91. 162 184 40 134 134 92 109 125 290 294 322 1375 52 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I I . — A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . PER CENT. Occupation, and number of plants. Stockers: 18 plants. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Num age full Over of time Over Over Year. ber 56 em 72 hours 60 48 and and 72 ployees. per and under 60 and 84 week. under under under 60 84 72 56 1907 1908 1909 1910 824 473 737 904 81.4 79.1 80.9 81.0 32 plants.. 1910 1911 1.445 898 79.9 79.8 32 plants.. 1911 1912 904 1,045 79.7 78.7 34 plants.. 1912 1913 1,069 1,187 78.8 78.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 293 194 382 267 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14 plants. 1910 1911 672 391 84.0 84.0 100.0 100.0 15 plants. 1911 1912 417 468 84.0 82.2 14.7 100.0 85.3 14 plants. 1912 1913 423 461 82.0 81.6 16.3 19.7 83.7 80.3 1907 1908 1909 1910 66 44 50 48 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 13 plants.. 1910 1911 142 84 82.8 82.0 4.2 7.1 14 plants. 1911 1912 92 96 82.2 80.0 6.5 6.3 18.8 93.5 75.0 1912 1913 96 98 80.0 80.3 6.3 6.1 18.8 16.3 75.0 77.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 132 86 135 149 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 1912 231 203 237 84.0 82.9 78.1 1912 1913 241 234 78.2 82.3 1907 1908 1909 1910 115 79 135 134 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 1912 278 294 343 84.0 82.6 79.6 1912 1913 359 342 79.6 82.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 86 64 94 97 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 Bottom fillers: 7 plants... Top fillers: 8 plants.. 14 plants. Larry men: 11 plants. 21 plants. 23 plants. Larry men’s helpers: 10 plants............ 19 plants. 23 plants__ Skip operators: 11 plants__ 1.7 .8 9.0 26.0 9.6 7.7 1.3 .8 2.3 18.2 11.9 .1 1.3 1.1 2.8 2.5 .1 .1 1.0 1.2 2.4 2.9 0.1 .1 1.8 12.7 14.8 30.4 24.6 76.6 58.4 60.0 65.8 2.1 6.6 15.4 15.8 63.5 62.0 11.8 10.7 6.5 13.0 15.7 23.3 61.8 49.3 10.5 8.5 12.9 13.6 22.8 23.3 50.2 50.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.8 92.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.2 9.4 13.9 100.0 90.6 70.9 14.9 13.7 14.5 71.4 85.5 100.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.5 11.6 12.5 100.0 88.4 77.0 10.0 13.6 11.7 76.3 88.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLAST FURNACES. 53 T a b l e I I I . — A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n tin u e d . PER < Occupation, and number of plants. Skip operators—Concluded. 19 plants....................... nployees whose full-time hours per week \ Aver Num age full Over Over Over time of Year. ber 56 72 em hours 48 60 and 72 and 84 and under and ployees. per 60 week. under under under 60 84 56 72 1910 1911 1912 125 124 136 84.0 83.8 79.2 1912 1913 138 150 79.3 82.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 78 68 86 90 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 32 plants 1910 1911 131 121 83.5 82.9 33 plants 1911 1912 123 132 82.9 80.2 34 plants 1912 1913 139 147 80.3 82.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 100 85 103 112 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 153 135 84.0 83.0 35 plants......... 1911 1912 137 142 82.9 80.6 4.2 35 plants......... 1912 1913 142 148 80.6 81.6 4.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 67 51 74 66 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 1912 94 91 108 84.0 83.2 80.4 1912 1913 106 94 80.8 83.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 140 96 140 146 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 200 178 84.0 82.7 1911 1912 180 212 82.7 79.5 1912 1913 214 213 79.5 81.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 146 96 141 142 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 1910 1911 201 182 84.0 82.7 1911 1912 184 216 82.7 79.6 20 plants....................... Blowers: 18 plants....................... Blowing 20 plants 34 plants......... Blowing engineers1 ants: 11 plants......... 18 plants.......... 18 plants.......... Stove tenders: 20 plants......... 34 plants 35 plants 36 plants Keepers: 20 plants 34 plants. 35 plants. 13.2 1.6 8.8 100.0 98.4 77.9 13.0 8.7 9.3 78.3 90.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2.3 6.8 6.5 9.i 97.7 90.9 8.9 15.9 91.1 77.3 15.8 17.0 77.7 83.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.1 100.0 91.9 9.5 18.3 90.5 77.5 18.3 20.3 77.5 79.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.3 6.6 10.2 100.0 93.4 81.5 8.5 6.6 6.4 84.9 93.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.5 8.4 11.2 100.0 88.8 11.1 17.9 88.9 73.6 17.8 18.3 73.8 81.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.3 11.0 100.0 89.0 10.9 17.6 89.1 74.1 54 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I I I . — A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— BLAST FURNACES— C o n c lu d e d . PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Keepers—Concluded. 36 plants............... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Num age full Over Over Over Year. ber of time 56 48 72 em hours 60 and and under 72 and 84 ployees. per and under week. under under 60 56 84 72 8.3 1912 1913 218 224 79.6 81.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 616 409 596 84.0 84.0 84.0 84.0 34 plants. 1910 1911 877 734 84. 35 plants. 1911 1912 742 846 81. 36 plants. 1912 1913 870 902 80. 82. 1907 1908 1909 1910 203 163 242 177 73. 73. 73. 73. 18 plants. 1910 1911 305 300 74. 72. 19 plants. 1911 1912 308 359 73. 72. 19 plants. 1912 1913 406 446 73. 72. 1907 1908 1909 1910 193 157 152 182 84. 83. 16 plants.. 1910 1911 291 259 83.9 82.4 12.7 99.3 86.9 17 plants.. 1911 1912 1913 267 275 290 82.4 81.9 81.8 12.4 17.1 17.2 87.3 82.5 82.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 262 245 380 357 83.6 82.6 82.2 82.9 32 plants.. 1910 1911 482 339 82.9 81.3 32 plants.. 1911 1912 397 81.3 75.2 1912 1913 356 380 77.3 79.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 957 718 757 902 34 plants. 1910 1911 35 plants. 35 plants. Keepers’ helpers: 20 plants....... . Iron handlers and loaders: 9 plants....................... Pig-machine men: 9 plants.......... Cinder men: 20 plants.. 33 plants.. Laborers: 20 plants.. 17.4 17.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 7.6 100.0 92.4 4.3 7.5 14.9 92.5 80.9 7.6 14.0 15.1 78.4 84.9 2.2 60.1 59.5 57.0 59.3 7.4 10.2 34.0 31.9 35.5 30.5 1.3 58.7 63.0 5.9 6.0 35.4 29.7 1.3 7.8 61.4 49.9 10.0 5.8 5.0 31.5 27.3 5.9 7.8 48.8 47.3 8.9 9.2 4.4 4.0 32.0 29.4 1.9 2.0 100.0 98.1 98.0 98.9 5.9 10.3 9.8 12.6 5.6 88.2 82.0 77.9 87.4 7.1 9.7 - 10.3 4.1 1.8 88.6 78.2 1.5 8.2 8.7 6.7 .2 17.1 6.0 9.9 11.1 10.5 9.1 1.8 .3 77.8 56.4 10.7 3.9 1.3 10.1 12.4 11.8 15.3 6.8 63.2 64.2 75.8 72.8 73.0 73.6 11.1 19.8 13.5 17.6 36.6 37.9 49.9 36.8 2.0 2.5 5.4 15.2 7.0 5.0 46.8 27.2 27.6 38.0 1,423 935 74.7 73.3 18.9 21.1 28.4 1.8 3.0 20.9 14.3 29.9 30.8 1911 1912 937 961 73.3 73.1 21.0 20.0 30.7 31.4 3.0 8.4 14.3 9.6 30.9 30.6 1912 1913 1,049 1,273 73.1 72.5 19.7 21.9 30.3 34.4 10.4 9.8 8.9 4.2 30.7 129.5 i Including one-tenth of 1 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 74.3 82.1 55 WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOE— BLAST FURNACES. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLAST FURNACES. T a b le STOCKERS. Year and district. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num- Aver age full Num of Over Over ber of em time Over 56 48 60 72 plants. ploy hours and and 72 60 84 and and per under ees. week. under under under 60 56 72 84 81 617 ?,?A 147 68.8 80.6 77.6 78.6 1 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern....................................... 34 1,069 78.8 1 5 8 10 11 102 681 238 166 68.8 81.4 77.6 76.5 1 Total.................................. 34 1,187 78.9 1 5 8 10 11 14 8 4 23 14 33 42 22 26 73 17 244 11 324 114 88 11 26 112 138 244 537 14 26 4 4 20 8 26 47 21 3 88 49 277 21 388 120 70 34 101 161 277 599 11 14 BOTTOM FILLERS. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern....................................... 3 2 4 5 134 44 116 129 84.0 84.0 84.0 77.6 69 134 44 116 60 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern....................................... 14 423 82.0 69 354 3 2 4 5 118 42 134 167 84.0 84.0 84.0 77.5 91 118 42 134 76 Total.................................. 14 461 81.6 91 370 18 16 6 24 26 TOP FILLERS. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern....................................... 3 1 3 7 16 6 30 44 84.0 84.0 78.4 79.1 6 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 14 96 80.0 6 3 1 3 7 16 6 30 46 84.0 84.0 78.4 79.8 6 Total.................................. 14 98 80.3 6 18 72 16 16 6 24 30 16 76 4 29 4 106 36 26 33 172 4 LARRY MEN. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 3 8 6 6 8 142 65 26 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern....................................... 23 3 8 6 6 Total.................................. 23 78.0 76.9 78.6 84.0 36 241 78.2 36 10 130 66 28 79.2 84.0 78.5 84.0 30 6 130 36 28 234 82.3 34 200 56 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLAST FURNACES— Continued. T able LARRY MEN’S HELPERS. Year and district. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh............................ Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over Num of Over Over time 56 ber of 48 72 60 and plants. em hours and 60 and 72 and 84 ploy per under under under ees. week. under 60 84 56 72 3 8 6 6 10 248 75 26 79.2 79.9 76.8 84.0 36 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 23 359 79.6 36 3 8 6 6 14 230 70 28 80.6 84.0 77.8 84.0 Total.................................. 23 342 82.6 45 4 6 212 30 26 49 274 4 36 10 230 34 28 40 302 4 8 4 58 26 20 12 108 4 10 6 80 28 22 14 136 SKIP OPERATORS. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 3 8 5 4 8 76 34 20 78.0 77.4 81.2 84.0 18 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 20 138 79.3 18 3 8 5 4 10 80 38 22 79.2 84.0 80.8 84.0 Total.................................. 20 150 82.9 BLOWERS. 1912. JEastem........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 6 8 9 11 16 50 39 34 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 34 6 8 9 11 Total.................................. 34 * 81.8 79.0 80.0 81.9 9 139 80.3 9 17 46 50 34 81.9 84.0 80.2 81.9 147 82.0 3 13 6 13 41 26 28 22 108 3 i6 6 14 46 34 28 25 122 2 18 6 14 40 36 20 26 110 2 BLOWING ENGINEERS. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 6 9 10 10 16 46 54 26 82.5 80.3 80.0 81.2 6 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 35 142 80.6 6 6 9 10 10 16 44 60 28 82.5 84.0 79.6 81.4 22 6 14 44 38 22 Total.................................. 35 148 81.6 30 118 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLAST FURNACES. 57 I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLAST FURNACES— Continued. T a b le BLOWING ENGINEERS’ ASSISTANTS. Year and district. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num- Aver age full Over Num of Over Over ber of em time 56 48 6072 plants. ploy hours and and 60 and 72 and 84 per under under under ees. week. under 60 56 72 84 2 3 8 4 3 6 69 17 14 80.0 80.3 80.5 84.0 9 5 4 60 12 14 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern................................... .... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 18 106 80.8 9 7 3 8 4 3 6 58 16 14 90 80.0 84.0 81.0 84.0 2 4 4 58 12 14 Total.................................. 18 94 83.2 6 88 4 28 6 16 74 36 32 38 158 4 STOVE TENDERS. 1913. Eastern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 6 9 10 11 20 92 64 38 81.6 78.5 78.8 82.1 18 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 36 6 9 10 11 214 79.5 18 21 86 67 39 81.7 84.0 78.6 82.5 30 5 17 86 37 34 Total.................................. 36 213 81.8 39 174 4 28 6 16 74 40 32 38 162 4 KEEPERS. 1913. Eastern............... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern.......... . 6 9 10 11 20 92 68 38 81.6 78.5 79.1 82.1 18 18 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern.......... . Pittsburgh............... ................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 218 79.6 6 9 10 11 22 86 74 42 81.8 84.0 79.1 82.3 30 6 18 86 44 36 Total.................................. 36 224 81.9 40 184 12 84 26 108 252 190 132 122 682 12 90 34 118 292 210 146 136 766 KEEPERS’ HELPERS. 1913. Eastern............ ......................... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern .............................. . 6 9 10 11 120 318 274 158 82.8 78.2 80.3 82.0 66 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern ................................... 36 870 80.2 66 6 9 10 11 130 82.9 292 84.0 300 80.4 180 81.7 T otal................................. 36 902 82.2 58 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I V . — A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K I N E A C H Y E A R , B Y D I S T R I C T S , 1912 A N D 1913— B L A S T F U R N A C E S — C o n c lu d e d . IRON HANDLERS AND LOADERS. Year and district. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh.......... ........................ Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num- Averper full Over Num Of Over Over ber of em time 56 48 60 72 hours and and plants. ploy 60 and 72 and 84 per under ees. week.' under under under 60 56 72 84 4 2 3 10 62 79.3 32 77.1 108 77.0 204 68.5 19 406 73.1 4 2 3 10 58 29 128 231 77.2 78.8 76.2 68.4 10 Great Middle Wftst... Southern...................................... Total.................................. 19 446 72.5 10 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern.............................. . 4 16 20 54 128 36 24 198 36 1 18 46 10 54 20 18 130 18 40 10 57 24 18 131 8 34 71 132 41 35 211 41 PIG-MACHINE MEN. 1912. 1 17 72.0 7 153 84.0 7 Lakes 85 and 79.5Middle West... Great 2 20 84.0 17 1 30 153 54 20 227 Total.................................. 1913. Eastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 275 81.9 1 47 1 7 7 2 18 158 94 20 72.0 84.0 79.7 84.0 1 32 158 61 20 Total.................................. 17 290 81.8 1 50 239 18 CINDER; MEN 1912. Eastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total........... ...................... 1913. Eastern . . . ................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total ................. ........ 1 6 7 10 10 26 119 143 68 81.6 73.1 79.1 79.0 38 33 356 77.3 38 6 7 10 10 28 136 136 80 82.0 81.0 79.1 78.6 33 380 79.9 9 1 4 28 7 4 1 25 12 1 21 71 88 45 14 36 42 1 225 1 4 22 17 8 4 1 34 19 1 24 1 23 89 83 49 5 47 58 26 244 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern....... ............................ . Pittsburgh................................ Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern........ . 100 311 326 312 68.6 76.7 72.3 71.8 38 25 113 31 37 81 11 189 27 • 74 8 11 23 13 46 14 155 115 38 Total............................. 1913. Eastern.................. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern..................................... 35 1,049 73.1 207 318 109 93 322 6 9 9 11 157 365 431 320 68.6 77.8 72.6 68.1 2 70 13 105 91 43 108 105 182 34 62 29 14 5 35 30 205 *122 18 Total.................................. 35 1,273 72.5 2 279 438 125 54 1375 6 9 9 11 * Including 1 employee whose full-time hours per week were 91. B E SSE M E R CONVER TER S. SUMMARY. Summary figures relating to the Bessemer converting department are given with figures for other departments of the iron and steel industry in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explanation of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages or earnings per hour of employees in the principal productive occupations in the Bessemer converting department was from 11.4 per cent to 28.2 per cent higher than in any one of the six years preceding, and despite the fact that the average full-time hours per week were 2.8 per cent lower than at the beginning of the seven-year period, this very marked increase in rates of wages was so reflected in full-time weekly earnings that the average earnings in 1913 were from 10.9 per cent to 26.4 per cent higher than in any one of the six years preceding. The most significant facts concerning the several occupations of the Bessemer converting department appearing in this report are summarized in the table following. Data are presented for the years 1907 to 1913, inclusive, the figures for each group of years being for identical plants. The data for 1913 represent 1,661 Besse mer converter employees in the 19 occupations covered, and were obtained from 10 plants, having 26 converters in operation. Referring to the first occupation presented, laborers, direct com parison can be made of data for 9 identical plants from 1907 to 1910, for 10 from 1910 to 1912, and for another group of 10 identical plants for 1912 and 1913. The first line of the table is analyzed as follows: In 1907 the 9 Bessemer plants from which reports were obtained employed 801 laborers, whose average full-time hours of work were 78 per week. For 3.2 per cent of the 801 laborers the full-time hours per week were over 48 and under 72; for 21.5 per cent, 72; for 33.2 per cent, over 72 and under 84; and for 42.1 per cent, 84 hours. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of laborers in the year considered (1907) was $0,155. Of the total number 71.3 per cent received 14 and under 16 cents per hour, and 28.7 per cent, 16 and under 18 cents per hour. The average full- 59 60 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. time weekly earnings were $12.12. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table it is seen that in 9 identical plants the average full-time weekly earnings of laborers was $12.12 in 1907. In the next two years there were drops to $11.80 and $11.62, respectively, and in 1910 an advance to $12.69. In the 10 identical plants reporting for 1910, 1911, and 1912 the average for 1910 was also $12.69. There was a decrease to $12.39 in 1911 and an increase to $12.64 in 1912. Despite the fact that the two reports for 1910 are the same, it would not be an accurate comparison to state that earnings increased from $12.12 in 1907 to $12.64 in 1912, because one more plant is included in the 1912 average than in that for 1907. In the second group of 10 plants the full-time weekly earnings were $12.68 in 1912 and $14.38 in 1913. The other items in the table should be studied with like care. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 of the several occupations, it is seen that the lowest average was that of laborers, which was $14.38. The averages of 14 of the 19 occupa tions reported for this department, however, were from 40 per cent to nearly 200 per cent higher, the highest being that of vessel men, which was $41.09 in 1913. In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver Aver Num age age ber full rate Occupation, and num Year. of Over 12 14 16 18 20 Over of em time ber of plants. 72 48 48 and and and and and hours wages ploy per and and un un un un un per and ees. week. un un 72 un 84 hour. der der der der der der. der 14 16 18 20 25 der 72 84 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Laborers: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 801 425 564 748 78.0 76.2 76.9 78.1 3.2 13.6 6.1 4.6 21.5 30.8 25.0 32.4 33.2 42.1 $0,155 71.3 28.7 21.9 33.6 .155 76.9 23.1 39.2 29.6 .151 i6.*3 54.8 28.9 20.3 1 42.6 .163 27.3 72.7 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. $12.12 11.80 11.62 12.69 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 786 593 626 77.8 74.6 75.7 4.6 35.0 19.6 240.8 8.8 42.7 36.3 12.3 7.5 38.7 27.8 26.0 .163 26.0 74.0 12.69 .166 17.7 82.3 12.39 .167 ---- 7.8 92.2 . . . . ....... 12.64 10 plants.............. 1912 1913 620 681 75.8 75.1 ....... 7.7 38.4 26.5 27.4 6.8 39.6 33.3 20.3 .167 .192 12.68 6.8 93.2 19.8 52*0 *28.2 14.38 i Including 7.2 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 85. * Including 6.9 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 85. 61 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BESSEMER CONVERTERS. A V E R A G E AN D CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K AN D R ATES OF W AGES PER H O U R ,A N D A V E R A G E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF TH E PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Continued. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver Aver Num age age ber full rate Occupation, and num Year. of time 16 20 30 Over of ber of plants. em hours 48 Over Un and and and 40 72 48 wages ploy- per and and der un per un un cts. 72 and un 84 hour. 16 der der der ana week. un un der. der cts. 20 30 40 over. der cts. cts. cts. 72 84 Bottom makers’ help ers: 9 plants................ Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 1907 1908 1909 1910 27 29 30 73.5 72.2 73.1 72.9 26.7 46.7 26.7 25.9 66.7 7.4 27.6 51.7 20.7 86.7 6.7 26.7 46.7 13.3 13.3 $18.82 $0,257 .204 14.75 37.0 33.3 14.8 .234 6.9 34.5 V7 Q13. *6.9 17.08 17.38 6.7 36.7 5o! 0 13.3 1910 1911 1912 34 31 31 72.8 72.2 72.2 88.2 64.5 32.3 61.3 5.9 3.2 1912 1913 39 40 72.4 73.1 30.8 59.0 10.3 30.0 45.0 20.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 118 71 92 79 9 plants............. 1910 1911 1912 85 62 87 9 plants............. 1912 1913 113 10 plants.. 10 plants.. Cinderpitmen: 8 plants... Ladle liners’ helpers: 9 plants............. 10 plants. Stockers: 9 plants. .224 .255 17.10 16.88 6.5 17.18 48.735.9 5.1 5.1 16.19 25.050.0 15.0 10.0 18.59 67.6 7.1 17.6 54.1 11.8 9.7 25.8 54.8 9.7 69. 41.4 34.5 67.2 24.1 9.4 .211 .199 .204 61.2 22.3 7.1 87.1 9.7 75.8 17.2 6.9 13.69 13.55 13.27 21.2 67.3 23.9 2.0 1.8 .200 76.7 17.2 6.1 10.6 76.1 8.0 13.23 5.3 15.56 46.5 30.3 42.5 31.9 15.4 28.2 51.3 5.1 19.4 35.5 38.7 6.5 15.4 28.2 46.2 io.'3 16.2 2.7 64.9 10.8 *5*4 1910 1911 1912 1913 68.7 15.4 2.6 69.1 8.8 44.1 8.8 44.1 >9.8 8.8 44.1 350 38.350.0 11.8 .234 3.238.8 38.7 19.4 35.5 45.2 6.5 45.8 13.6 5.1 .206 .173 57.7 33.8 8.5 .178 37. 051..1 5.4 6.5 .213 10.1 58.2 24.1 7.6 68.2 67.5 68.5 68.5 371 260 6.5 67.9 20.3 37.3 32.2 3.4 65.9 16.9 39.4 14.1 68.4 25.0 32.6 10.9 8.7 67.3 7.6 19.0 50.6 12.7 10.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 1907 1908 1909 1910 5.9 62.5 58.3 63.6 64.9 66.7 10.3 47.1 41.2 *5.9 29.4 17.6 5.1 5.1 13.32 11.27 11.88 13.77 .255 10.3 30.8 38.5 7.7 12.8 .209 22.6 32.335.5 6.5 3.2 12. .230 10.3 38.4 38.4 13.5 37.8 48.6 .239 16.65 13.79 15.26 15.83 41.1 46.2 41.2 38.3 41.238.3 23.5 55.8 15.73 15.75 15.43 17.36 .236 .233 .228 .255 12.8 11.8 8.8 14.7 46.1 12.4 7.3 22.4 11.9 57.7 10.7 10.4 9.6 11.5 42.9 7.5 12.4 22.6 14.7 32.6 16.0 19.4 5.7 26.3 .246 17. 027.r. 7 27. 02:11.8 6.5 14.27 .275 14.3 21.2 26.2 23.1 15.4 14.93 .264 26.7 19.5 11.6 20.3 21.8 15.31 2.9 37.5 25.4 19.7 14.6 16.04 10 plants. 1910 1911 1912 352 241 64.9 32.4 16.5 19.3 5.7 26.1 61.7 46.1 7.0 23.7 10.8 12.4 62.0 45.9 14.9 7.8 17.9 13.4 2.837.2 25.9 19.6 14.5 16.03 .233 5.039.8 40.3 10.0 5.0 13.60 37.7 13.5 20.5 28.3 17.66 .312 10 plants.. 1912 1913 280 337 62.1 44.6 16.3 8.2 15.0 15.7 62.5 22.8 30.6 27.3 13.4 5.9 .331 41.1 12.1 19.6 27.2 17.38 25.8 27.3 10.7 36.3 19.05 Un der 20 cts. Cupola tappers: 8 plants____ 9 plants. 8.0 18.0 12.0 8.0 4.7 30.2 4.7 4.7 11.6 18.6 14.0 12.5 14.3 8.9 26.8 4.9 9.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 60.5 59.3 61.5 58.9 1911 1912 1913 60.4 53.3 33.3 4.4 60.6 56.3 4.2 10.4 20.8 59.5 30.4 31.9 23.2 14.5 54.0 55.8 55.8 64.3 58.5 8.9 8.3 20 30 40 and and and un un un der der der 30 40 50 cts. cts. cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. .379 .335 .340 .362 .318 12.0 34.052.0 23.3 62.8 11.6 46.5 7.0 44.2 34.0 32.1 26.8 34.2 63.4 .314 .369 .393 40.0 57.8 18.36 41.7 2.1 54.2 20.94 31.9 11.6 39.1 17.4 22.25 22.16 19.67 19.74 5.4 20.30 18.19 62 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR,AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Continued. Num Aver age ber full Occupation, and num of time Year. ber of plants. em ploy hours per ees. week. Ingot strippers: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver age rate Over 20 30 40 50 Over of Un and 72 and and and 48 48 wages and and 72 and 84 per der un un un un 20 der der der der un un un hour. cts. 30 40 50 60 der der. der cts. cts. cts. cts. 72 84 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 29 28 28 29 67.4 68.4 70.2 67.9 31.0 21.4 21.4 10.3 13.8 21.4 14.3 20.7 20.7 21.4 21.4 27.6 20.7 13.8 $0,310 ___ 62.1 17.2 13.8 6.9 $19.60 35.7 ....... .238 14.3 78.6 7.1 ___ ....... 16.34 21.4 21.4 .264 78.6 21.4 18.17 69.0 31.0 ....... 19.85 20.7 20.7 .307 31 27 28 28 68.1 9.7 70.4 68.8 ‘ io.*7 69.9 19.4 33.3 25.0 28.5 32.3 44.4 28.6 21.4 19.4 19.4 22.2 35.7 50.0 .303 71.0 29.0 19.69 .282 14.8 66.6 18.5 19.26 .320 ___ 71.5 *7.*i ___ 21.4 20.90 .334 . . . . 57.1 14.3 28.6 22.81 48 39 43 46 54.5 53.7 54.0 55.0 16.7 75.0 17.9 76.9 76.7 14.0 26.1 *52.*2 8.7 8.3 5.1 9.3 ....... 4.3 8.7 .347 8.4 16 6 56.3 6.3 12.5 18.02 .196 74.4 20.5 5.1 10.57 .271 14.1 60.5 11.6 ___ *i4.*6 14.26 .326 17.4 10.8 58.7 . . . . 13.0 17.07 9 plants................ 1910 1911 1912 52 37 44 57.0 23.1 46.2 19.2 3.8 7.7 64.2 32.4 62.2 5.4 ....... 59.5 54.5 31.8 13.6 .314 15.4 21.2 51.9 11.5 16.96 .282 24.3 43.2 16.2 i.6.*2 17.36 .324 18.2 27.2 36.4 4.5 13.6 18.03 10 plants.............. 1912 1913 Stopper makers: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 52 61 61.5 46.2 11.5 26.9 15.4 59.5 54.1 9.8 23.0 13.1 .301 26.9 26.9 30.8 3.8 11.5 17.23 .360 6.6 29.5 21.3 27.9 14.8 20.28 10 9 9 11 72.8 72.9 71.6 73.1 20.0 22.2 44.4 9.1 40.0 30.0 10.0 44.4 11.1 22.2 22.2 11.1 22.2 18.2 72.7 12 10 10 10 73.0 72.0 70.8 70.6 8.3 20.0 30.0 20.0 75.0 60.0 50.0 ....... 80.0 ....... 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Mold cappers: 8 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 1913 16.7 20.0 20.0 ....... 30.0 .316 10.0 60.0 23.01 .223 33.3 55.5 ii.'i 16.10 i i ‘ i ....... 19.22 22.2 44.4 22.2 .270 .263 9.1 63.7 27.3 — ....... 19.33 .260 8.3 66.7 25.0 .273 20.0 40.0 40.0 .272 20.0 50.0 20.0 io.'o ........ .302 60.0 30.0 10.0 . . . . . 25 Un and der un 25 der cts. 40 ctc. Bottom makers: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Cupola melters: 7 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 19.14 19.53 18.91 21.25 60 cts. and over. 17 17 16 17 73.4 72.4 ....... 73.1 ....... 73.5 ....... 23.5 11.8 ; ; ; ; ; 18.8 11.8 11.8 .386 64.7 23.5 11.8 .283 47* i 29.4 23.5 .351 6.3 56.3 12.5 25.*0 .355 11.8 64.7 23.5 ---- ....... 28.10 20.45 25.57 25.92 19 19 20 20 73.4 78.9 10.5 10.5 71.8 ....... 21.1 78.9 72.5 ....... 20.0 70.0 ‘ io.'o 73.8 ....... 20.0 50.0 20.0 ’ io.'o .346 10.5 68.4 21.1 .337 10.5 68.4 10.5 io.*5 .345 10.0 70.0 10.0 10.0 .384 20.0 40.0 30.0 io.'o 25.28 24.18 24.96 28.05 15 15 15 16 15 65.2 64.7 64.7 60.6 64.3 13.3 U3.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 12.5 12.5 13.3 13.3 .509 6.7 26.7 33.3 33.3 31.67 .350 13.3 53.3 20*0 13.3 22.20 .419 20.0 13.3 33.3 33.3 26.09 .447 6.3 43.8 31.3 18.8 25.85 .390 6.7 40.0 40.0 13.3 . . . . . 24.45 40.0 40.0 40.0 37.5 40.0 11.8 23.5 12.5 ....... 13.3 13.3 13.3 18.8 13.3 64.7 64.7 68.8 76.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.8 20.0 8 plants................ 1911 1912 1913 Xiaulu lirinrc* lUXuio* 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 17 18 19 65.2 35.3 11.8 29.4 11.8 11.8 61.6 50.0 11.1 16.7 11.1 11.1 62.4 31.6 26.3 21.1 10.5 10.5 .386 5.9 47.1 35.3 11.8 24.62 .409 5.6 44.4 22.2 27.8 23.82 .477 . . . . 31.6 10.5 42.1 *i5.*8 28.23 21 21 21 23 65.1 65.6 65.1 66.3 .454 9.5 38.1 19.0 9.5 23.8 .30633.3 42.9 14.3 9.5 *ii*3 .392 23.8 23.8 38.1 .383117.4 39.1 21.7 2i.*7 ....... 10 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 25 24 24 66.8 24.0 4.0 56.0 8.0 8.0 68.3 12.5 20.9 66.7 ..... 68.9 12.5 20.9 58.3 " *8.3 ....... 28.6 14.3 47.6 28.6 23.8 38.1 28.6 14.3 47.6 26.1 4.3 52.2 9.5 *9.5 9.5 8.7 ’ *8*7 28.95 19.78 25.22 25.20 .378 16.0 44.0 20.0 20.0 25.05 .342 25.033.4 25.0 16.7 22.85 .369 16.750.0 20.8 12.5 ....... 24.95 1Including 6.7 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BESSEMER CONVERTERS. 63 AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, IN EACH OF THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Continued. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver Aver Num age age ber full rate Occupation, and num Year. of time Over of 25 40 50 em hours 48 Over ber of plants. 72 48 wages Un and and and 60 ploy per and and un un cts. un and der per ees. week. un un 72 un 84 hour. 25 der der der and der der. der cts. 40 50 60 over. 72 84 cts. cts. cts. Ladle liners—Contd. 10 plants.............. 1912 1913 Regulators, first: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 10 plants............... 1912 1913 Regulators, second: 6 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 22 22 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 68.6 13.6 22.7 54.5 9.1 ....... 10.384 9.1 54.5 22.7 13.6 ....... $25.84 68.7 13.6 22.7 45.5 18.2 ....... .418 9.1 27.3 31.8 31.8 ....... 28.22 26 62.3 46.2 7.7 25 64.7 36.0 16.0 25 64.8 36.0 8.0 29 61.4 20.7 31.0 30.8 7.7 7.7 32.0 8.0 8.0 40.0 8.0 8.0 34.5 ....... 13.8 .437 7.7 42.3 34.6 15.4 .266 56.0 28.0 16.0 . . . . ....... .344 32.0 36.0 8.0 24*0 .414 6.9 37.9 34.5 13.8 * 6.9 27.28 17.78 22.97 25.60 12.9 31 62.1 19.4 29.0 38.7 24 66.8 25.0 16.7 50.0 ....... 8.3 25 64.7 36.0 16.0 32.0 8.0 8.0 .408 6.5 41.9 32.3 12.9 6.5 25.45 .377 16.6 37.5 37.5 8.3 ....... 24.79 .411 8.0 36.0 40.0 16.0 ....... 26.24 24 24 .399 8.3 45.8 37.5 8.3 27.16 .451 . . . . 25.0 37.5 29.2 **8.3 30.28 68.5 25.0 67.6 25.0 8.3 25.0 33.3 8.3 8.3 33.3 33.3 . . . . . 18 65.3 33.3 11.1 33.3 22.2 . . . . . 14 73.5 ....... 28.6 42.9 28.6 . . . . . 14 73.8 14.3 57.1 28.6 18 66.7 33.3 ....... 44.4 ....... *22.2 .427 ___ 11.1 77.8 11.1 .269 57.1 35.7 7.1 ___ .365 7.1 50.0 42.9 .403 . . . . 38.9 50.0 ii.i 1910 1911 1912 22 67.5 27.3 9.1 45.5 18.2 21 65.0 28.6 19.0 52.4 ..... 23 63.5 39.1 17.4 26.1 i7.4 ....... .378 9.1 40.9 40.9 9.1 25.52 ....... 21.41 .333 19.1 47.7 33.3 .367 . . . . 82.6 . . . . 17.4 ....... 23.36 9 plants................ 1912 1913 24 67.0 25.0 16.7 33.3 25.0 24 67.0 25.0 16.7 33.3 25.0 ....... .381 66.7 25.0 8.3 25.63 .411 ie.*7 25.0 37.5 12.5 ‘ *8*3 27.56 47 57.0 45 59.5 45 59.6 49 55.3 19.1 8.5 17.0 4.3 20.0 17.8 17.8 4.4 20.0 17.8 17.8 4.4 30.6 8.2 ....... 12.2 .566 14.9 25.5 12.8 46.8 31.84 .376 26.6 28.9 26.7 13.3 4.4 21.65 .484 4.4 22.2 37.8 17.8 17.8 28.24 .524 . . . . 16.3 51.0 4.1 28.5 28.86 8 plants................ Vessel men’s helpers: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 51.1 40.0 40.0 49.0 ....... ....... ....... ....... 27.81 19.64 26.80 26.96 10 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 53 51 53 56.5 45.3 28.3 15.1 11.3 57.6 47.1 17.6 23.5 **7.8 3.9 55.9 56.6 17.0 7.5 15.1 3.8 .506 3.8 18.9 47.2 3.8 26.4 28.22 .421 11.7 27.4 27.5 27.5 5.9 23.48 .470 . . . . 37.8 20.8 24.5 16.9 25.47 10 plants............... 1912 1913 53 53 56.5 45.3 28.3 7.5 15.1 56.0 45.3 35.8 11.3 7.5 .467 .528 3.8 37.8 26.4 18.9 16.9 25.70 17.0 34.0 17.0 32.1 28.87 40 50 60 Un and and and 70 der un un un cts. 40 der der der and cts. 50 60 70 over. cts. cts. cts. Blowers: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 10 plants............... 1911 1912 1913 Steel powers: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 20 65.4 30.0 10.0 •50.0 10.0 . . . . . 19 68.8 15.8 10.5 63.2 10.5 ....... 19 68.8 15.8 10.5 63.2 10.5 20 69.8 15.0 ....... 60.0 15.0 io.o 18 71.9 ....... 11.1 88.9 ....... ....... 20 72.0 10.0 90.0 21 69.1 14.3 9.5 66.7 9.5 ....... 23 63.2 26.1 21.7 43.5 8.7 ....... 29 28 28 30 55.4 57.4 57.5 54.5 72.4 ....... 13.8 13.8 . . . . . 64.3 . . . . . 21.4 14.3 . . . . . 64.3 ....... 21.4 14.3 .. . 70.0 10.0 6.7 ....... 13.3 .619 20.0 20.0 ___ 15.0 .466 36.8 42.1 io*5 .486 21.1 47.4 21.1 .536 10.0 45.0 20.0 ih'.o .498 11.1 55.6 22.2 45.0 10.5 10.5 10.0 11.1 39.55 32.41 33.29 37.00 35.84 .493 10.0 60.0 20.0 10.0 35.48 .529 57.1 23.8 *9*5 9.5 36.36 .600 34.8 21.7 21.7 21.7 37.33 .693 6.9 17.2 10.3 13.8 51.7 .439 46.5 3.6 32.1 17.9 .576 39.2 17.9 *42*9 .630 6.7 23.*320*0 10.0 40.0 36.39 24.25 31.61 32.94 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 32 30 32 55.6 65.6 9.4 12.5 12.5 55.1 70.0 30.0 ....... . . . . . 54.7 75.0 ....... 12.5 12.5 ....... .617 6.3 28.1 18.8 9.4 37.5 32.74 .535 23.4 10.0 26.7 30.0 10.0 27.91 .578 6.3 34.4 31.3 3.1 25.0 30.57 10 plants.............. 1912 1913 34 34 55.7 70.6 17.6 11.8 55.7 70.6 ....... 17.6 11.8 ....... .570 5.9 38.2 29.4 2.9 23.5 30.65 .633 17.6 2.9 32.4 8.8 38.2 33.94 64 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVER AG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PE R W E E K AN D RATES OF W AGES PER H OUR, AND A V ER AG E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARN IN G S, IN EACH OF THE PRIN CIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Concluded. Num Aver age ber full Occupation, and num Year. of time ber of plants. em hours ploy per ees. week. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver age rate Over Over 40 50 60 of Un and 48 48 72 and and 70 un un un cts. and and 72 and 84 wages der per 40 der der der and un un un hour. cts. 50 60 70 over. der der. der 84 72 cts. cts. cts. Stopper setters: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Vessel men: 9 plants................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 45 40 34 37 51.5 54.3 55.4 51.5 86.7 ....... 8.9 4.4 ....... $0,630 26.6 15.6 13.3 13.3 75.0 ....... 20.0 5.0 . . . . . .343 67.5 17.5 5.0 70.6 ....... 23.5 5.9 ....... .552 35.4 5.9 ii.*7 8.8 73.0 16.2 5.4 ....... 5.4 .589 29.7 16.2 8.1 13.5 39 39 42 43 52.6 55.3 51.7 51.6 69.2 15.4 10.3 5.1 69.2 . . . . . 30.8 . . . . . ....... 85.7 ....... 9.5 4.8 ....... 86.0 ....... 9.3 4.7 ....... 23 22 22 24 58.5 61.1 61.2 56.6 52.2 40.9 40.9 50.0 13.0 8.7 17.4 8.7 13.6 18.2 18.2 9.1 13.6 18.2 18.2 9.1 25.0 8.3 ....... 16.7 .793 8.7 8.7 21.7 60.9 44.58 .528 40.9 *9.*i 31.8 18.2 31.27 .630 18.2 22.7 *9.‘ i 13.6 36.4 37.19 .708 8.3 8.3 50.0 33.3 38.88 .577 33.3 15.4 .498 43.6 17.9 .496 33.3 35.7 .558 18.6 27.9 7.7 12.8 7.7 7.1 *9*5 4.7 20.9 31.1 $31.79 10.0 18.50 35.3 29.36 32.4 30.08 30.8 30.8 14.3 27.9 29.81 26.08 25.36 28.37 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 26 25 26 15.4 57.8 46.2 23.1 15.4 59.1 48.0 12.0 24.0 *8.0 8.0 57.3 57.7 11.5 7.7 15.4 7.7 .685 7.7 15.4 46.2 30.8 38.18 .580 24.0 8.0 i6.‘ o 24.0 28.0 32.45 .703 7.7 19.2 15.4 11.5 46.2 38.32 10 plants.............. 1912 1913 26 26 58.3 34.6 34.6 7.7 15.4 7.7 57.4 34.6 34.6 15.4 15.4 ....... .688 7.7 19.2 15.4 11.5 46.2 38.60 .744 . . . . 15.4 7.7 30.8 46.2 41.09 Owing to changes in the number of plants reported from year to year, and the consequent differences in the averages for the overlap ping year in two groups, it is difficult to make a comparison of the actual data over a period of several years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period. To aid in making such a comparison, relative or index numbers have been computed from the averages of the preceding table, for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupation from 1907 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table following. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent that the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the rela tive full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1907 were 73.7, as com pared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1907 were 73.7 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occupation in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. The table also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full time weekly earnings in 1913 as compared with each specified year pre ceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1913 were 35.7 per cent higher than in 1907, 29.7 per cent higher than in 1908, 26.6 per cent higher than in 1909, 20.8 per cent higher than in 1910, 42.2 per cent higher than in 1911, and 9.6 per cent higher than in 1912. W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF 65 LABOR— BE SSEM E R CO N VERTERS. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1908 were 4.6 per cent higher than in 1907, 2.5 per cent higher in 1909 than in 1908, 4.8 per cent higher in 1910 than in 1909, 15.1 per cent lower in 1911 than in 1910, 29.7 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 9.6 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The other occupations and items of the table can be studied in like manner. The percentages of increase and decrease are computed from the relative numbers, R E LATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BESSEMER CONVERTERS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in Occupation and year. Stockers: 190 7 190 8 1 9 0 9 .......... 191 0 191 1 191................ 2 191 3 Cupola melters: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Cupola tappers: 190 7 190 8 190 9 . 191 0 191 1 191 2 1913.............. Blowers: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Regulators, first: 190 7 190 8 190 9 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Rela tive full time hours per week. Each 1913 as speci fied com year pared as with com each pared speci with fied year year. pre ceding. 100.2 93.4 101.9 104.0 98.9 99.4 100.0 -0 .2 + 7.1 - 1.9 - 3.8 + 1.1 + .6 105.9 105.1 105.1 98.5 104.5 98.7 100.0 + + 103.6 101.5 105.3 100.8 101.5 101.8 100.0 - 3.5 -1 .5 - 5.0 - .8 - 1.5 - 1.8 103.6 109.0 109.0 110.6 113.9 109.3 100.0 - 3.5 - 8.3 - 8.3 - 9.6 -1 2 .2 -8 .5 98.7 102.5 102.6 97.3 104.6 101.3 100.0 + + - 5.6 4.9 4.9 1.5 4.3 1.3 1.3 2.4 2.5 2.8 4.4 1.3 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in Rela tive rate of per hour. 72.9 81.5 78.2 78.8 69.0 92.4 100.0 +37.2 +22.7 +27.9 +26.9 +44.9 + 8.2 C1) - 6.3 + 6.1 -5 .6 + 1.3 105.6 72.6 86.9 92.7 80.9 85.7 100.0 - 5.3 +37.7 +15.1 + 7.9 +23.6 +16.7 -2 .0 + 3.7 - 4.3 + .7 + .3 - 1.8 95.2 84.2 85.4 91.0 79.9 93.9 100.0 + 5.0 +18.8 +17.1 + 9.9 +25.2 + 6.5 + 3.0 -4 .0 -8 .5 /i . 102.1 76.9 80.2 88.4 82.2 88.2 100.0 -2 .1 +30.0 +24.7 +13.1 +21.7 +13.4 + 3.9 + •1 - 5.2 + 7.5 -3 .2 - 1.3 92.7 56.4 73.0 87.8 81.2 88.5 100.0 + 7.9 +77.3 +37.0 +13.9 +23.2 +13.0 i No change. 8 3 0 2 1 °— B u ll. 168— 1 5 - 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. + 9.1 + 2.1 - 4.9 + .5 + .6 + 5.2 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each tive speci full as fied time 1913 year weekly com earn pared as with com ings. each pared speci with fied year year. pre- +11.8 - 4.0 + .8 -1 2 .4 +33.9 + 8.2 73.7 77.2 79.0 82.8 70.3 91.2 100.0 +35.7 +29.7 +26.6 +20.8 +42.2 + 9.6 -3 1.3 +19.7 + 6.7 -1 2.7 + 5.9 +16.7 113.0 79.2 93.1 92.2 87.2 84.4 100.0 -1 1 .5 +26.3 + 7.4 + 8.5 +14.7 +18.5 -1 1 .6 + 1.4 + 6.6 -1 2 .2 +17.5 + 6.5 100.5 89.2 89.5 92.1 82.5 94.1 100.0 - .5 +12.1 +11.7 + 8.6 +21.2 + 6.3 -2 4.7 + 4.3 +10.2 - 7.0 + 7.3 +13.4 104.9 85.9 88.3 98.1 95.0 97.4 100.0 - 4.7 +16.4 +13.3 + 1.9 + 5.3 + 2.7 -3 9 .2 +29.4 +20.3 - 7.5 + 9.0 +13.0 92.7 60.4 78.1 87.0 84.7 89.7 100.0 + 7.9 +65.6 +28.0 +14.9 +18.1 +11.5 Each speci fied year as comwith year pre ceding. + 4.6 + 2.5 + 4.8 -15.1 +29.7 + 9.6 -2 9.9 +17.6 - 1.0 - 5.4 - 3.2 +18.5 -1 1.2 + .3 + 2.9 -1 0 .4 +14.1 + 6.3 -is : 1 + 2.8 +11.1 - 3.2 + 2.5 + 2.7 -3 4 .8 +29.3 +11.4 - 2.6 + 5.9 +11.5 66 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Continued. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) in Occupation and year. Regulators, second: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Vessel men: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910............................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 .............................. Vessel men’s helpers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 .............................. Cinder pitmen: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Bottom makers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Bottom makers’ helpers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Ladle liners: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. 104.1 117.1 117.6 106.3 102.4 100.0 100.0 — 3.9 -1 4 .6 -1 5 .0 - 5.9 - 2.3 C1) 105.9 110.6 110.8 102.5 104.8 101.6 100.0 - 5.6 9.6 9.7 2.4 4.6 1.6 105.1 109.7 109.9 102.0 104.0 100.9 100.0 — - 4.9 8.8 9.0 2.0 3.8 .9 102.7 99.7 103.5 101.8 105.1 101.2 100.0 — + - 2.6 -3 3.4 1.8 4.9 1.2 99.3 98.0 98.9 99.5 97.3 98.2 100.0 + .7 + 2.0 + 1.1 + •5 + 2.8 — f- 1.8 100.7 98.9 100.1 99.9 99.0 99.0 100.0 - .7 + 1.1 .1 + •1 + 1.0 + 1.0 95.1 95.8 95.1 96.8 99.0 99.9 100.0 + + + + + + 5.2 4.4 5.2 3.3 1.0 .1 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in— Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Rela Each Each Each tive tive full 1913 as speci speci rate 1913 as speci fied time fied of fied com com year wages pared year weekly pared year per earn as as as with with com com hour. ings. com each each pared pared pared speci speci with with with fied fied year year year year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. +12.5 + •4 - 9.6 - 3.7 - 2.3 C1) 101.2 63.7 86.5 95.5 84.1 92.7 100.0 — 1.2 +57.0 +15.6 + 4.7 +18.9 + 7.9 + 4.4 + .2 - 7.5 + 2.2 - 3.1 — 1.6 100.9 67.2 80.2 90.1 76.3 92.5 100.0 - .9 +48.8 +24.7 +11.0 +31.1 + 8.1 + 4.4 + •2 - 7.2 + 2.0 - 3.0 — .9 102.9 68.3 88.0 95.2 79.2 88.4 100.0 — 2.8 +46.4 +13.6 + 5.0 +26.3 +13.1 - 2.9 + 3.8 - 1.6 + 3.2 - 3.7 — 1.2 84.1 70.6 72.6 86.9 82.0 84.0 100.0 +18.9 +41.6 +37.7 + 15.1 +22.0 + 19.0 - 1.3 + .9 + .6 - 2.2 + .9 + 1.8 98.0 71.8 89.1 90.1 87.8 89.8 100.0 + 2.0 +39.3 +12.2 + 11.0 +13.9 +11.4 - 1.8 + 1.2 - .2 - .9 (l) + 1.0 93.3 74.0 84.9 86.7 86.4 87.8 100.0 + 7.2 +35.1 +17.8 +15.3 +15.7 +13.9 + .7 - .7 + 1.8 + 2.3 + .9 + .1 111.6 75.2 96.3 94.1 85.1 91.9 100.0 —10.4 +33.0 ’ -32*6* + 3.8 +28.1 + 6.3 - 2.3 +17.5 - 9.6 + 8.8 + 8.0 + 8.8 i No change. -37.1 +35.8 +10.4 -1 1.9 +10.2 + 7.9 104.8 74.0 101.0 101.6 85.2 93.0 100.0 — 4.6 +35.1 - 1.0 - 1.6 +17.4 + 7.5 -3 3 .4 +19.3 +12.3 -1 5.3 +21.2 + 8.1 107.3 75.3 89.5 93.6 79.5 93.9 100.0 - 6.8 +32.8 *'-29*8 +11.7 +18.9 + 6.8 + 4.6 +25.8 -15.1 + 6.5 +18.1 + 6.5 -3 3.6 +28.8 + 8.2 -1 6.8 +11.6 +13.1 108.8 74.0 96.5 98.6 82.1 89.0 100.0 — 8.1 +35.1 + 3.6 + 1.4 +21.8 +12.4 -16.1 + 2.8 +19.7 - 5.6 + 2.4 +19.0 84.8 71.8 75.7 87.7 86.8 85.0 100.0 +17.9 +39.3 +32.1 +14.0 +15.2 +17.6 -26.7 +24.1 + 1.1 - 2.6 + 2.3 +11.4 97.7 71.1 88.9 90.1 86.2 89.0 100.0 + 2.4 +40.6 +12.5 +11.0 +16.0 +12.4 -20.7 +14.7 + 2.1 - .3 + 1.6 +13.9 93.9 73.6 85.2 86.7 85.6 87.1 100.0 + 6.5 +35.9 +17.4 +15.3 +16.8 +14.8 105.6 72.2 92.0 91.9 83.9 91.6 100.0 + 5.3 +38.5 + 8.7 + 8.8 +19.2 + 9.2 -2 9 .4 +36.5 + .6 -16.1 + 9.2 + 7.5 *—32.0 +30.4 + 2.2 -1 6.7 + 8.4 +12.4 -1 5.3 + 5.4 +15.9 - 1.0 - 2.1 +17.6 -2 7.2 +25.0 + 1.3 - 4.3 + 3.2 +12.4 -2 1.6 +15.8 + 1.8 - 1.3 + 1.8 +14.8 -3 1.6 +27.4 - .1 - 8.7 + 9.2 + 9.2 67 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BESSEMER CONVERTERS. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PE R W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PE R CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Concluded. 4 Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Ladle liners’ helpers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Stopper makers: 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910................ .................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Stopper setters: 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 19,12.................................. 1913.................................. Steel pourers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Mold cappers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Ingot strippers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Laborers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Rela Each Each tive Each tive rate 1913 as speci full 1913 as speci 1913 as speci fied fied of time fied com com com year weekly pared year wages pared year pared per earn as as as with with with com com hour. com ings. each each each pared pared pared speci speci speci with with with fied fied fied year year year year. year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. 98.0 97.0 98.4 98.4 99.0 99.7 100.0 + + + + + + 2.0 3.1 1.6 1.6 1.0 .3 103.0 103.1 101.3 103.4 102.0 100.3 100.0 — - 2.9 3.0 1.3 3.3 2.0 .3 101.9 107.5 109.7 101.9 107.2 100.2 100.0 — - 1.9 7.0 8.8 1.9 6.7 .2 103.3 107.1 107.2 101.6 100.7 100.0 100.0 — 3.2 - 6.6 - 6.7 - 1.6 - .7 0) 98.1 96.7 97.2 99.0 111.5 103.4 100.0 + 1.9 + 3.4 + 2.9 + 1.0 -1 0.3 - 3.3 96.7 98.1 100.7 97.4 100.7 98.4 100.0 + + + + 3.4 1.9 .7 2.7 .7 1.6 103.6 101.2 102.1 103.7 99.5 100.9 100.0 + - 3.5 1.2 2.1 3.6 .5 .9 - 1.0 + 1.4 (*) + .6 + .7 + .3 98.7 80.9 89.1 92.5 91.4 89.4 100.0 + 1.3 +23.6 +12.2 + 8.1 + 9.4 +11.9 -1 8.0 +10.1 + 3.8 - 1.2 - 2.2 +11.9 95.3 78.9 87.3 90.6 90.7 88.9 100.0 + + + + + + 4.9 26.7 14.5 10.4 10.3 12.5 + + — .1 1.7 2.1 1.4 1.7 .3 103.4 73.0 88.4 86.1 90.4 90.1 100.0 — 3.3 +37.0 ’ -29*4* +13.1 +21.1 +16.1 - 2.6 +10.6 + 5.0 +11.0 - .3 +11.0 107.2 75.0 89.6 90.1 91.9 89.0 100.0 _ + + + + + 6.7 33.3 11.6 11.0 8.8 12.4 + + + — 5.5 2.0 7.1 5.2 6.5 .2 110.6 60.2 96.9 103.4 89.3 88.9 100.0 — 9.6 +66.1 + 3.2 - 3.3 +12.0 +12.5 -4 5.6 +61.0 + 6.7 -1 3.6 - .4 +12.5 111.0 64.6 102.6 105.1 91.9 89.4 100.0 — 9.9 + 54.8 - 2.5 - 4.9 + 8.8 + 11.9 + 3.7 + .1 - 5.2 - .9 .7 (x) 105.7 67.0 87.9 96.1 83.3 90.0 100.0 — 5.4 +49.3 +13.8 + 4.1 +20.0 +11.1 —36.6 +31.2 + 9.3 -13.3 + 8.0 +11.1 106 8 7L2 92.8 96.7 82.4 90.3 100.0 — 64 + 40*. 4 + 7.8 + 3.4 + 21.4 + 10.7 - 1.4 + •5 + 1.9 +12.6 - 7.3 — 3.3 86.2 48.7 67.4 81.0 72.8 83.6 100.0 + 16.0 +105.3 + 48.4 + 23.5 + 37.4 + 19.6 -4 3.5 +38.4 +20.2 -10.1 +14.8 +19.6 84 4 49.5 66.8 79.9 81.8 85.0 100.0 + 18.5 +102.0 **—4i.*4 + 49.7 +34.9 + 25.2 +19.6 + 22.2 + 2.4 + 17.6 + 3.9 +17.6 + + + 1.4 2.7 3.3 3.4 2.3 1.6 91.6 70.3 78.0 90.7 84.4 95.8 100.0 + + + + + + 9.2 42.2 28.2 10.3 18.5 4.4 -2 3.3 +11.0 +16.3 - 6.9 +13.5 + 4.4 85 2 71.1 79.0 86.3 84.4 91.6 100.0 + + + + + + 17.4 40*. 6 26.6 15.9 18.5 9.2 + + + — 2.3 .9 1.6 4.1 1.4 .9 80.7 80.7 78.6 84.9 86.5 87.0 100.0 + + + + + + 23.9 23.9 27.2 17.8 15.6 14.9 C1) - 2.6 + 8.0 + 1.9 + •6 +14.9 84.5 82.3 81.1 88.5 86.4 88.2 100.0 + + + + + + 18.3 21.*5 23.3 13.0 15.7 13.4 i No change. -1 7.2 +10.6 + 3.8 + .1 - 2.0 +12.5 -3 0.0 +19.5 + .6 + 2.0 - 3.2 +12.4 -4 1.8 +58.8 + 2.4 -1 2.6 - 2.7 +11.9 —33.3 +30.3 + 4.2 -1 4.8 + 9.6 +10.7 -1 6.5 +11.1 + 9.2 - 2.2 + 8.5 + 9.2 - 2.6 - 1.5 + 9.1 - 2.4 + 2.1 -1 3.4 68 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. A similar tabic of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the Bessemer converting department as a whole, as determined by a combination of the data for the several principal productive occupa tions which are covered in this section of the rejjort. The method of computing the figures of this table is explained on page 23. From the table following, under “ weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the department as a whole in 1907 were 86.4 as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1907 were 86.4 per cent of those in 1913. The relative dropped to 79.1 in 1908, advanced to 84.1 in 1909, and to 88 in 1910, dropped in 1911 to 83.9, and advanced in 1912 to 90.2. In 1913, the base year, the relative was 100. The next column shows that full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 15.7 per cent higher than in 1907, 26.4 per cent higher than in 1908, 18.9 per cent higher than in 1909, 13.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 19.2 per cent higher than in 1911, and 10.9 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column under “ weekly earnings” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time weekly earnings each year as com pared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings in 1908 were 8.4 per cent lower than in 1907; in 1909, 6.3 per cent higher than in 1908; in 1910, 4.6 per cent higher than in 1909; in 1911, 4.7 per cent lower than in 1910; in 1912, 7.5 per cent higher than in 1911; and in 1913, 10.9 per cent higher than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and relative rates of wages per hour can be studied in like manner. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER H OU R, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEA R S, A LL OCCUPATIONS—BESSEMER CONVERTERS. Hours per week. Year. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. Rela tive full time hours per week. 102.9 98.7 102.6 103.4 101.0 100.7 100.0 Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease (-}-) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela tive Each rate speci 1913 as fied of com year wages pared per as with hour. com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. - 2 .8 +1.3 - 2 .5 -3 .3 - 1 .0 - .7 -4 .1 +4.0 + »8 - 2 .3 - .3 - .7 78.0 81.3 84.9 81.2 89.8 100.0 +19.2 +28.2 +23.0 +17.8 +23.2 + 11.4 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela tive Each Each speci full as speci time 1913 fied fied com year weekly pared year earn as as with ings. com com each pared pared speci with with fied year year year. pre pre ceding. ceding. - 7.0 + 4.2 + 4.4 - 4.4 +10.6 +11.4 86.4 79.1 84.1 88.0 83.9 90.2 100.0 +15.7 +26.4 +18.9 +13.6 +19.2 + 10.9 - 8.4 + 6.3 + 4.6 - 4.7 + 7.5 +10.9 W AGES AN D HOURS OF LA BO R -----B E S S E M E R CON VERTERS. 69 In considering weekly earnings it should be remembered that a reduction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings just as an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase them. Between 1907 and 1913 it will be observed that hours were reduced 2.8 per cent and wages per hour increased 19.2 per cent, each tending to offset the other in weekly earnings. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the depart ment must be considered that is, the change in the relative number of employees in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higher-paid ones would lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would increase the average. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in Bessemer converting plants whose customary working time per week was 6 days or turns, or 7 days, or variations thereof, are shown in the following table. The figures are presented for each of the two districts for which these plants are reported and for the two combined. The employees given under the headings “ 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days in rotation,” “ 6 days, 6 days, and 7 days in rota tion,” and “ 6 days, 7 days, and 7 days in rotation” are engaged in occupations for which the plant employs 3 shifts instead of the cus tomary 2 to complete the 24 hours of a day. The heading “ 6 days, 6 days, and 7 days in rotation,” for example, indicates that each week one-third of the employees reported work 7 turns instead of the cus tomary 6, the plant being shut down during the time of 2 shifts on 1 day each week. 70 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W ORKING EACH SPECI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EE K , B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CON VERTERS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Number of employees whose custom ary working time per week was— Num 6 ber of District, and Year. em days number of and 7 ploy plants. 6 ees. days. days alter nate ly- Pittsburgh: 6 plants. 5 days, 6 days, and 7 days in rota tion. days, 6 days, and 7 days in rota tion. Per cent of employees whose custom ary working time per week was— 5 6 days, days, days 7 6 6 and 7 days, days, days, 7 and 7 days. days. days and 7 and 7 alter days days days in nate in in rota ly. rota rota tion. tion. tion. days, 7 days, 7 and 7 days. rota tion. 1907 1,325 1908 896 1909 992 1910 1,246 999 727 778 825 273 127 170 325 75.4 81.1 78.4 66.2 4.0 4.7 4.4 1.4 1910 1,248 1911 950 1912 1,019 827 765 824 325 146 148 66.3 80.5 1.4 3.8 4.3 0.3 .3 12 159 153 77.4 75.7 5.2 4.4 1.2 5.9 0.9 1.0 15.3 13.0 177 71 142 44 18 18 18 18 151 94 125 231 17.1 31.1 17.5 24.3 41.0 25.1 39.4 10.9 4.2 6.4 5.0 4.5 2.8 4.2 3.3 3.0 35.0 33.2 34.7 57.3 35.9 68.1 10.0 11.2 3.7 4.6 2.5 3.1 47.9 13.0 11.0 35.8 4.5 4.1 3.0 2.7 12.8 15.9 6 plants... 1912 1,037 1913 1,176 Great L a k e s and Middle West: 432 3 plants... 1907 1908 238 1909 360 1910 403 20.6 14.2 17.1 26.1 26.0 15.4 14.5 4 plants.. 1910 1911 482 392 173 267 48 44 18 18 231 51 4 plants.. 1911 1912 400 441 275 183 44 158 18 18 51 70 4 plants... 1912 1913 457 485 225 325 136 114 120 120 76 26 49.2 67.0 29.8 23.5 2 4.4 2 4.1 1,757 1,073 815 1,179 841 1,352 923 1,649 113 186 62 18 18 18 18 424 221 295 556 61.1 69.1 62.2 56.0 13.1 9.6 13.8 1.0 1.5 1.3 1.1 .7 1.0 .9 .7 24.1 18.7 21.8 33.7 1910 1,730 1,000 1S11 1,342 1,032 66 80 18 21 556 197 57.8 76.9 6.0 1.0 1.6 .7 32.1 14.7 1911 1,350 1,040 1912 1,460 1,007 80 202 21 21 197 218 77.0 69.0 5.9 13.8 1.6 1.4 .8 14.6 14.9 1912 1,494 1,028 1913 1,661 1,215 190 166 i 32 235 179 68.8 73.1 12.7 10.0 32.1 3 5.4 .7 15.7 10.8 Total: 9 plants.. 10 plants. 10 plants. 10 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 4.7 4.5 16.6 5.4 1 Including 8 employees who worked 7 days every fourth week. 2 Including 1.8 per cent who worked 7 days every fourth week. 3 Including 0.5 per cent who worked 7 days every fourth week. In addition to the text tables in the summary, four general tables are presented for the Bessemer converting department, as follows: Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classi fied rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913. Table II.— Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. W ages a n d h o u r s o f la b o r — b essem er c o n v e r te r s . 71 Table III.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913. Table IV.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. In Tables I and III, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are summarized in the text table on pages 60 to 64. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I to IV, inclusive, and in the table of relative numbers, follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments, reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended explanation, see page 17. Figures for each geographical division for each preceding year, back to 1907, corresponding to those given for 1912 and 1913 in Tables II and IV, and descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report, were given in Bulletin 151 of this Bureau, but have been omitted from the present report. 72 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S . [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] N U M BER . Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver age Num Average age full ber full rate time Occupation, and of Year, em- time of number of wages week plants. ploy- hours ly per per earn week. hour. ings. Stockers: 9 plants. 12 and un der 14 cts. 24 16 49 51 ....... 10 12 115 81 80 16 15 21 34 58 23 57 39 13 69 24 55 51 12 40 36 86 4 29 83 21 69 13 23 55 36 40 74 36 36 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 2 3 5 2 •5 4 3 5 6 5 2 5 5 2 1 1 2 2 4 6 6 2 6 4 2 2 5 8 2 7 2 2 6 8 13 17 12 17 27 3 18 26 26 5 19 15 3 2 2 2 16 18 20 26 1 8 26 27 12 4 7 4 2 2 4 8 9 9 10 3 2 4 4 *'*3 4 9 2 2 2 2 2 12 12 8 4 5 5 2 2 5 11 2 4 11 9 4 2 10 6 4 13 9 9 10 9 10 4 2 4 11 9 9 2 7 10 plants— 1912 1913 337 62.1 62.5 .306 .331 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 15 65.2 15 64.7 15 64.7 16 60.6 15 64.3 .509 .350 .419 .447 .390 1911 1912 1913 17 18 19 65.2 61.6 62.4 .386 .409 .477 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 50 43 43 56 59.3 61.5 58. 59.3 .379 .335 .340 .362 .318 r [ ) ) ) [ I....... ) ....... ► ► 1....... 1911 1912 1913 60.4 60.6 59.5 .314 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 65.4 68. .619 10 plants___ 1911 1912 1913 Regulators, first: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 72.0 69.1 63.2 .493 .529 .600 * 3 } 64.7 64.8 61.4 .437 .266 .344 .414 3 3 7 D 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 62.1 66.8 64.7 .408 .377 .411 5 9 4 10 plants__ 1912 1913 68.5 67.6 .399 .451 6 8 1907 1908 1909 1910 65.3 73.5 73.8 66.7 .427 .269 .365 .403 1 4 0 6 67.5 65.0 63.5 .378 .333 .367 2 1 6 67.0 67.0 .381 .411 3 ► 61 8 plants. 1910 1911 1912 9 plants. 1912 1913 22 21 23 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 <over. cts. 81 60 54 69 .233 .312 Regulators, sec ond: 6 plants___ 50 and un der 60 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 54 48 12 57 64.9 61.7 62.0 71.9 30 and un der 40 cts. 46 20 19 32 352 241 Blowers: 9 plants. 6 25 and un der 30 cts. i5 16 1910 1911 1912 9 plants. 20 and un der 25 cts. 97 55 37 115 10 plants. Cupola tappers: 8 plants— 18 :and un der 20 cts. 63 21 49 10 371 260 8 plants. 16 and un der 18 cts. *16 22 62.5 $0,246$] 58.3 .275 .264 15.31 .63. 350 64.9 .266 16.04 1907 1908 1909 1910 Cupola melters: 7 plants— 14 iand un der 16 cts. 1 1 1 i l l l [ ) ) ....... . . . . ....... . . . . 1 2 2 2 9 3 6 2 5 5 2 2 2 2 2 6 £i 2I J 24 9 12 2 3 3 2 1 2 3 e> 7 14 1 6 Si 2> 3 1 2! ] 5I 1L e5 7 S> 12t c) ;r 5I (> 1C) (> (\ <) 4i i Earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. *2 5 4 2 2 2 5I i 3 [ *>1 31 11 W AGES A N D H OU RS OF 73 L A BO R -----B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S . T a b l e I , — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S — C o n tin u e d . NUMBER—Continued. Aver Aver Num Aver age age age full ber full rate time Occupation, and of Year. of number of em time wages week plants. ploy hours ly per per ees. week. hour. earn ings. Vessel men: 9 plants. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 1907 1908 1909 1910 23 22 22 24 58.5 $0,793 $44.58 61.1 .528 31.27 61.2 .630 37.19 56.6 .708 38.88 10 plants... 1910 1911 1912 26 25 26 57.8 59.1 57.3 .685 38.18 .580 32.45 .703 38.32 10 plants— 1912 1913 26 26 58.3 57.4 .688 38.60 .744 41.09 1907 1908 1909 1910 47 45 49 57.0 59.5 59.6 55.3 .566 .376 .484 .524 10 plants— 1910 1911 1912 53 51 53 56.5 57.6 55.9 .506 28.22 .421 23.48 .470 25.47 10 plants... 1912 1913 53 53 56.5 56.0 .467 25.70 .528 28.87 1907 1908 1909 1910 118 71 92 79 67.9 65.9 68.4 67.3 .206 .173 .178 .213 13.32 11.27 11.88 13.77 36 5 36 8 26 8 10 8 19 6 44 16 28 40 1910 1911 1912 85 62 87 67.6 69.8 67.2 .211 13.69 .199 13.55 .204 13.27 8 2 12 14 13 40 40 53 15 1912 1913 99 113 68.1 67.3 .200 13.23 .238 15.56 23 2 53 10 17 66 20 1907 1908 1909 1910 17 17 16 17 73.4 72.4 73.1 73.5 .386 .283 .351 .355 28.10 20.45 25.57 25.92 6 1 2 5 5 9 3 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Bottom makers’ helpers: 9 plants— 1907 1908 1909 1910 19 19 20 20 73.4 71.8 72.5 73.8 .346 .337 .345 .384 25.28 24.18 24.96 28.05 2 2 2 4 5 6 3 30 27 29 30 73.5 72.2 73.1 72.9 .257 .204 .234 .239 18.82 14.75 17.08 17.38 8 8 10 11 12 9 U 11 2 1910 1911 1912 34 31 31 72.8 72.2 72.2 .235 17.10 .234 16.88 .238 17.18 1 2 2 2 2 11 10 9 10 plants___ 1912 1913 Ladle liners: 9 plants.. 1907 1908 1909 1910 39 40 72.4 73.1 .224 16.19 .255 18.59 2 10 2 9 8 21 21 21 23 65.1 65.6 65.1 66.3 .454 .306 .392 .383 2 1 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 25 24 24 66.8 68.3 68.9 .378 25.05 .342 22.85 .369 24.95 Vessel men’s helpers: 9 plants___ Cinder idertpitmen: 8 plants pis — 9 plants___ 9 plants___ Bottom makers: 9 plants---- 10 plants... 2 31.84 21.65 28.24 28.86 28.95 19.78 25.22 25.20 1 2 2 14 2 2 2 30 and un der 40 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 9 4 2 2 2 ..... 5 2 5 7 3 12 14 4 8 8 2 4 2 4 2 5 4 4 12 6 3 8 7 12 2 5 4 4 2 3 8 12 12 11 2 2 6 4 2 5 7 6 6 12 12 17 25 6 6 8 2 17 2 5 8 5 2 4 2 5 3 8 9 17 25 14 11 2 14 13 8 1 5 6 2 4 3 17 9 14 18 10 9 5 8 4 9 12 6 6 6 4 5 4 **i5 6 6 4 6 6 6 15 6 9 6 3 6 6 8 4 4 2 4 4 8 7 U 8 4 2 2 6 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 13 9 6 4 3 8 4 6 2 2 6 15 8 5 2 6 2 4 2 4 5 4 3 6 2 2 5 3 3 7 4 3 8 5 2 2 4 4 4 2 4 9 4 12 5 6 5 5 4 3 1 Including' 2 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents per hour. 40 and un der 50 cts. 2 2 4 2 2 5 3 . 74 BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S — C o n tin u ed . NUMBER—Continued. Aver Aver Num Aver age age age full ber full rate time Occupation, and Year. of time number of of week em hours wages plants. ploy per per ly ees. week. hour. earn ings. Ladle liners -Con 10 plants— 1912 1913 Ladle liners’ helpers: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 1 12 and un der 14 ! cts. ! 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 22 22 68.6 $0,384 $25.84 68.7 .418 28.22 39 31 39 37 68.2 67.5 68.5 68.5 .255 .209 .230 .239 16.65 13.79 15.26 15.83 4 7 4 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stopper makers: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 39 34 34 34 68.7 69.1 69.6 69.8 .236 .233 .228 .255 15.73 15.75 15.43 17.36 10 9 9 11 72.8 72.9 71.6 73.1 .316 .223 .270 .263 23.01 16.10 19.22 19.33 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stopper setters: 9 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 10 10 10 73.0 72.0 70.8 70.6 .200 .273 .272 .302 19.14 19.53 18.91 21.25 45 40 34 37 51.5 54.3 55.4 51.5 .630 .343 .552 .589 31.79 18.50 29.36 30.08 1910 1911 1912 1913 39 39 42 43 52.6 55.3 51.7 51.6 .577 .498 .490 .558 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 28 28 30 55.4 57.4 57.5 54.5 .693 .439 .570 .630 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 32 30 32 55.6 55.1 54.7 .617 32.74 .535 27.91 .578 30.57 10 plants___ 1912 1913 34 34 55.7 55.7 .570 30.65 .633 33.94 1907 1908 1909 1910 48 39 43 46 54.5 53.7 54.0 55.0 .347 .196 .271 .320 1910 1911 1912 52 37 44 57.0 64.2 59.5 .314 16.96 .282 17.36 .324 18.03 4 1 1912 1913 52 61 61.5 59.5 .301 17.23 .360 20.28 5 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 28 28 29 67.4 68.4 70.2 67.9 .310 .238 .264 .307 19.60 16.34 18.17 19.85 31 68.1 27 70.4 28 68.8 28 69.9 .303 .282 .320 .334 19.69 19.26 20.90 22.81 10 plants---- Steel pourers: 9 plants... Mold cappers: 8 plants... 9 plants. 10 plants... Ingot strippers: 9 plants___ 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 2 2 2 30 and un der 40 cts. 12 4 5 7 8 6 8 12 4 4 7 2 11 10 13 15 4 1 2 3 2 2 12 10 10 4 4 4 8 15 11 9 18 3 2 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 4 3 5 3 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 6 3 4 4 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 1 1 10 2 4 1 4 4 11 5 4 11 7 7 2 6 29.81 20.08 25.36 28.37 5 3 13 9 14 8 6 7 15 12 30.39 24.25 31.61 32.94 4 2 5 2 2 4 9 18.02 10.57 14.26 17.07 6 2 2 2 3 3 2 40 and un der 50 cts. 2 2 6 2 1 2 2 20 2 4 4 *8 5 2 26 4 2 4 3 3 27 2 5 27 1 3 5 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 3 7 2 3 2 5 4 3 5 3 1 5 1 6 6 2 3 5 14 4 12 12 3 5 3 3 *4 2 9 12 12 6 12 5 3 3 9 15 4 5 5 '\ 2 3 12 7 6 9 3 11 6 8 10 3 9 1 12 3 8 13 1 10 11 1 3 8 13 3 6 6 6 4 8 8 8 6 6 3 10 6 27 6 16 6 2 6 9 4 8 12 6 6 16 13 2 17 6 9 12 12 12 8 6 10 10 12 5 2 6 4 2 4 4 10 8 8 12 10 12 16 9 5 2 4 ” "8 6 9 6 75 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S . T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S — C o n tin u e d . NUMBER—Concluded. Aver Aver age Num Aver age age full ber full rate time Occupation, and of time Year. of number of em hours wages week plants. ploy- per per ly hour. earn ings. Laborers: 9 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 801 425 564 748 78.0 $0,155 $12.12 76.2 .155 11.80 76. .151 11.62 78.1 .163 12.69 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 786 593 626 77. 74.6 75.7 .163 12.69 .166 12.39 .167 12.64 1912 1913 681 75.8 75.1 .167 12. .192 14.38 10 plants— Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 14 16 18 20 25 and and and and and and un un un un un un der der der der der der 14 16 18 20 25 30 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 230 163 544 488 577 42 578 135 354 192 PER CENT. Stockers: 9 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 371 260 266 350 62.5 $0,246 $14.27 17.0 26.1 1.6 12.4 14.6 58.3 .275 14.93 i6.2 8.1 21.2 7.7 18.5 63.6 .264 15.31 18.4 13.9 5*6 7.1 4.5 64.9 .266 16.04 2. 32.9 4. 9.1 16.3 10 plants. 1910 1911 1912 352 241 268 64.9 61.7 62.0 .266 16.03 .233 13.60 .312 17.66 10 plants... 1912 1913 280 337 62.1 62.5 .306 17.38 .331 19.05 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 15 15 15 16 15 65.2 64.7 64.7 60.6 64.3 .509 .350 .419 .447 .390 1911 1912 1913 17 18 19 65.2 61.6 62.4 .386 24.62 .409 23.82 .477 28.23 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 50 43 43 56 41 60.5 59.3 61.5 58.9 59.3 .379 .335 .340 .362 .318 1911 1912 1913 45 60.4 48 60.6 69 ' 59.5 .314 18.36 .369 20.94 .393 22.25 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 20 19 19 20 18 65.4 68.8 68.8 69.8 71.9 .619 .466 .486 .536 .498 10 plants___ 1911 1912 1913 R e g u la to r s , first: 9 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 20 21 23 72.0 69.1 63.2 .493 35.48 .529 36.36 .600 37.33 26 25 25 29 62.3 64.7 64.8 61.4 .437 .266 .344 .414 Cupola melters: 7 plants___ 8 plants. Cupola tappers: 8 plants___ 9 plants . Blowers: 9 plants. 39.55 32.41 33.29 37.00 35.84 27.28 17.78 22.97 25.60 9.2 3.4 2.8 32.7 4.5 9.7 16.2 19.6 14.5 5.0 33.6 6.2 24.1 16.2 10.0 5.0 4.9 20.5 14.9 13.4 29.9 7.8 30.7 10.4 7.5 1.2 24.6 20.5 31.67 22.20 26.09 25.85 24.45 22.16 19.67 19.74 20.30 18.19 21.8 6.5 23.1 6.2 20.3 18.4 19.7 14.6 4. 19.6 14.3 12.9 6.8 10.7 22.0 10.7 i. 7 6.7 20.0 13.3 20.0 33.3 20.0 13.3 33.3 20.0 6.3 ii*5 31.3 6.7 13.3 26.7 ’40.*0 33.3 13.3 20.0 13.3 33.3 31.3 18.8 13.3 5.9 11.8 35.3 35.3 11. 5.6 11.1 33.3 22.2 27. 21.1 10.5 10.5 42.1 2.0 2.3 2.3 12.0 4.7 18.6 16.3 30.2 30.4 29.3 34.0 62.8 7.0 32.1 63.4 52.0 11.6 44.2 26.8 5.4 35.6 57.8 37.5 2.1 54.2 29.0 11.6 39.1 17.4 20.0 36.8 21.1 10.0 11.1 20.0 42.1 47.4 45.0 55.6 15.0 10.5 21.1 20.0 15.0 22.2 45.0 10.5 10.5 10.0 11.1 10.0 60.0 20.0 10.0 1.5 9.5 57.1 23. 34.8 21.7 21.7 21.7 7.7 15.4 42.3 34.6 8.0 36.0 12.0 20.0 8.0 16.0 8.0 24.0 20.0 16.0 8.0 24.0 37.9 34.5 13.8 6.9J i Earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 76 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . T a b l e I . — A V E R A G E F U L L -T I M E W E E K L Y E A R N I N G S A N D A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S IF IE D R A T E S O F W A G E S P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 T O 1913— B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S — C o n tin u e d . PER CENT—Continued. Aver Aver Num Aver age age age full ber full rate time Occupation, and of Year. em- ' time of number of hours wages week plants. ly ploy- per per ees. week. hour. earn ings. R e g u la to r s , first—Con. 10 plants— Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1910 1911 1912 31 24 25 62.1 $0,408 $25.45 66.8 .377 24.79 64.7 .411 26.24 1912 1913 24 24 68.5 67.6 .399 27.16 .451 30.28 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 14 14 18 65.3 73.5 73.8 66.7 .427 .269 .365 .403 8 plants----- 1910 1911 1912 22 21 23 67.5 65.0 63.5 .378 25.52 .333 21.41 .367 23.36 9 plants----- 1912 1913 24 24 67.0 67.0 .381 25.63 .411 27.56 1907 1908 1909 1910 23 22 22 24 58.5 61.1 61.2 56.6 .793 .528 .630 .708 10 plants— 1910 1911 1912 26 25 26 57.8 59.1 57.3 .685 38.18 . 580 32.45 .703 38.32 46.2 30.8 7.7 15.4 8.0 16.0 8.0 16.0 24.0 28.0 7. 19.2 15.4 11.5 46.2 10 plants__ 1912 1913 26 26 58.3 57.4 .688 38.60 .744 41.09 7.7 19.2 15.4 11.5 46.2 15.4 7.7 30.8 46.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 47 45 45 49 57.0 59.5 59.6 55.3 .566 .376 .484 .524 1910 1911 1912 53 51 53 56.5 57.6 55.9 .506 28.22 .421 23.48 .470 25.47 1912 1913 53 53 56.5 56.0 .467 25.70 .528 28.87 1907 1908 1909 1910 118 71 92 79 67.9 65.9 68.4 67.3 .206 .173 . 178 .213 13.32 11.27 11.88 13.77 30.5 8.5 37.3 3.4 10.2 7.0 50.7 11.3 22.5 8.5 8. 28.3 20.7 30.4 19.0 10.1 7. 6 50.1.6 5.1 1910 1911 1912 85 62 87 67.6 69.8 67.2 .211 13.69 .199 13.55 .204 13.27 9.4 14.1 47.1 4.7 17.6 3.2 22. 64.5 14. 1.9 i7.2 7.1 9.7 9 plants. 1912 1913 Bottom makers: 9 plants.. 1907 1908 1909 1910 99 113 68.1 67.3 .200 13.23 .238 15.56 23.2 53.5 17.2 ;.s 58.4 17.7 1. 6.1 8.0 17 17 16 17 73.4 72.4 73.1 73.5 .386 .283 .351 .355 28.10 20.45 25.57 25.92 1910 1911 1912 1913 19 19 20 20 73.4 71.8 72.5 73.8 .346 .337 .345 .384 25.28 24.18 24.96 28.05 10 plants. R e g u la to r s , second: 6 plants----- Vessel men: 9 plants----- V e s s e l m en ’s helpers: 9 plants___ 10 plants . 10 plants— Cinder pitmen: 8 plants___ 9 plants. 10 plants___ 41. 32.3 12.9 6.5 37.5 37.5 8.3 36.0 40.0 16.0 3.3 25.0 45.8 37.5 8.3 37. 29.2 8.3 11.1 77.8 11.1 35.7 21.4 14.3 21.4 7.1 7.1 7.1 42.9 42.9 38.9 50.0 11.1 27.81 19.64 26.80 26.96 9.1 31.8 40.9 9.1 4.8 42.9 33.3 26.1 56.5 17.4 14.3 16.7 25.0 41.7 25.0 25.0 37.5 12.5 8.3 44.58 31.27 37.19 38.88 8.7 40.9 9.1 18.2 22.7 8.3 8.3 31 84 21.65 28.24 28.86 4.3 10.6 2.2 24.4 13.3 15.6 4.4 8.9 13.3 4.1 12.2 3.9 8.7 21.7 31.8 9.1 13. 50.0 60.9 18.2 36.4 33.3 25.5 12.8 !6.2 10.6 26.7 13.3 4.4 37.8 17.8 11.1 6.7 51.0 4.1 16.3 12.2 3. 15.1 47.2 3. 15.1 11.3 9. 17.6 27.5 27.5 2.0 3.9 5.7 32.1 20.8 24.5 9.4 7.5 5.7 32.1 26.4 18.9 9.4 7.5 17.0 34.0 17.0 15.1 17.0 11. 5.1 6.5 7.6 5.3 29.4 35.3 23.5 35.3 29.4 23.5 6.3 56.3 12.5 25.0 11.8 17. 47.1 23.5 10.5 26.3 42.1 21.1 10.5 31.6 10.5 10.5 10.0 15.0 55.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 40.0 30.0 10.0 77 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BESSEMER CONVERTERS. T a b l e I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913— BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Continued. PER CENT—Continued. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver age Num age age full ber of full rate time 12 14 16 Occupation, and Year. em time number of of Xreek- and and and plants. ploy hours wages iy un un un ees. per am- der der der week. ings. 14 16 18 cts. cts. cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. Bottom makers’ helpers: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 30 27 29 30 73.5 $0.2571;18.82....... 72.2 .204 14.75.114.8 8 73.1 .234 17.0 6.9 72.9 .239 17.38....... 26. 40.0 i.6 33.3 34.5 37.9 36.7 i.7 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 34 31 31 72.8 72.2 72.2 .235 17.10'. .234 16. i .238 17 .18.... 1912 1913 39 40 72.4 73.1 .224 16.19 .255 18.59 Ladle liners: 9 p lan ts..... 1907 1908 1909 1910 21 21 21 23 65.1 65.6 65.1 66.3 .454 .306 .392 .383 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 25 24 24 66.8 68.3 68.9 .378 25.05 .342 22.85 .369 24.95 10 plants.*.. 1912 1913 Ladle l i n e r s ’ helpers: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 22 22 68.6 68.7 .384 25.84 .418 28.22 39 31 39 37 68.2 67.5 68.5 68.5 .255 .209 .230 .239 16.65 13.79 15.26 15.83 10.3 20.5 10. 10.3 3.2 22. 19.4 12. 932. 5.1 10.3 20.5 17. 933. 32.4 5.440.5 8.1 3.2 7.7 13.5 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stopper makers: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 39 34 34 34 68.7 69.1 69.6 69.8 .236 .233 .228 .255 15.73 15.75 15.43 17.36 30.8 10.338.5 7.7 29.4 11.8 32.4 5.9 29.4 11.8 26.5 11. 2. 23.5 52. 12.8 2.9 11. 5.9 8. 5.9 14.7 10 9 9 11 72.8 72.9 71.6 73.1 .316 .223 .270 .263 23.01 16.10 19.22 19.33 10.0 30.0 11.1 11.1 11.1 44.4 11.1 11.1 33.3 9.1 45.5 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stopper setters: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 10 10 10 73.0 72.0 70.8 70.6 .260 .273 .272 .302 19.14 19.53 18.91 21.25 8.3 50.0 10.0 10.0 30.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 45 40 34 37 51.5 54.3 55.4 51.5 .630 .343 .552 .589 31.79 18.50 29.36 30. 2.2 24.4 15.6 13.3 13.3 31.1 15.025.0 5.0 10.0 12.5 17.5 5.0 10.0 11. 11. 11.8 5.9 14*7 35.3 29.7 16.2 8.1 13.5 32.4 39 39 42 43 52.6 55.3 51.7 51.6 .577 .498 .496 .558 29.81 26.08 25.36 28.37 29i 28: 28i 30l 55.4 57.4 57.5 54.5 .693 .439 24.25 .576 31.61 .630 32.94 10 plants---- 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Steel pourers: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 7.4 32! 55.6» .617 32.74 301 55.1 .535 27.91 32! 54.7p .578 30.57 10 plants___ 1912 1913 34t 55.7' 34: 55.7 .570 30.65 ....... .633 33.94 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 6.7 13.3 13.3 14.8 13. *6*9 13.3 5. 12.4 38.2 11. 11. 6.5 32.3 1.0 9.7 19.4 6.5 29.0 19.4 25. 6.5 6.5 5.1 25. 23.1 15.4 20.5 5.1 5.1 5.0 20.0 37.5 12.5 15.0 10.0 5 14.3 23. 19.0 4.8 19.0 28.6 14.3 14.3 23.8 9.5 14.3 38.1 17.4 8.7 30.4 21.7 28.95 19.78 25.22 25.20 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 20 and un der 25 cts. 9.5 9.5 14.3 *4*8 16.0 8.0 36.0 20.0 8.3 16.7 16.7 16.7 25.0 16.7 50.0 20.8 12.5 16.7 54.5 22.7 13.6 18.2 31.8 31.8 9.1 9.1 12.8 30.0 30.0 11.1 11.1 11.1 22.2 11.1 18.2 27.3 16.7 10.0 10.0 20.0 25.0 40.0 20.0 10.0 30.0 10.0 33.3 7.7 23.1 33.3 18. 14.3 17.9 14.3 7.1 32.1 10.0 7.7. 5.1 6.3 6.7 6.3 15.4 17. 35.7 27.9 7.7 12. 7.7 7.1 4.7 20.9 30.8 30.8 14.3 27.9 17.2 10.3 13.8 51.7 3.6 32.1 17.9 17. 42*9 23*3 20.*0 10.0 40.0 28. 18.8 9.4 37.5 6.7 10. 26.7 50.0 10.0 34.4 31.3 3.1 25.0 5 .9 ....... 38.2 29.4 2.9 23.5 17.6 2.9 32.4 8.8 38.2 i Including 7.4 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents per hour. 78 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Aver- Aver Aver age Num age age full ber of full rate time Occupation, and Year. em- time number of of ploy- hours wages week plants. ly per per earnweek hour. Mold cappers: 8 plants__ Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 4.2 4.2 8.3 8.3 56.3 6.3 12.5 2.6 51.3 20*5 12.8 7.7 5.1 4.7 4.7 60.5 11.6 ....... 14.0 .... 8.7 8.7 4.3 '*6*5 58.7 13.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 54.5 $0,347 $18.02 53.7 .196 10.57 54.0 .271 14.26 55.0 .326 17.07 1910 1911 1912 57.0 64.2 59.5 .314 16.96 ....... .282 17.36 .324 18.03 7.7 7.7 15.4 5.8 51.9 11.5 .... ....... 2.7 21.6 16.2 27.0 16.2 *i6.2 18.2 13.6 13.6 36.4 4.5 13.6 10 plants___ 1912 1913 61.5 59.5 .301 17.23 20.28 9.6 17.3 15.4 11.5 30.8 3.8 11.5 6.6 19.7 9.8 21.3 27.9 14.8 29 67.4 68.4 70.2 67.9 .310 .238 .264 .307 31 27 28 28 68.1 70.4 68.8 69.9 19. .282 19.26 .320 20.90 .334 22.81 801 425 564 7-18 78.0 76.2 76.9 78.1 .155 .155 .151 .163 77.8 74.6 75.7 .163 12.69 .166 12.39 .167 12.64 75.8 75.1 .16' 12.68 .192 14.38 9 plants. Ingot strippers: 9 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Laborers: 9 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants... 1910 1911 1912 10 plants... 1912 1913 620 681 4.7 41.4 14.3 42.9 42.9 27.6 19.60 16.34 18.17 19.85 20.7 17.2 13.8 35.7 7.1 35.7 21.4 41.4 31.0 6.9 32.3 38.7 29.0 14.8 29.6 37.0 18.5 28.6 42.9 7.1 21.4 57.1 14.3 *28.6 12.12 71.3 11.80 76.9 11.62 *i6.*3 54.8 12.69 27.3 28.7 23.1 28.9 72.7 26.0 74.0 17.7 82.3 7.8 92.2 6.8 93.2 19.8 52.0 28.2 i W AGES AN D H O U R S OF 79 LABOE— B E SSE M E R C O N V E R TE R S. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS. T a b le [The abbreviation “ G. L. and M. W .” stands for “ Great Lakes and Middle West.” ] STO CKERS. Year and district. Av Num Av erage Num ber erage full rate ber of of em time wages of plants. ploy hours per per ees. week. hour. Av erage full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . 6 4 231 49 59.4 $0.332 $18.20 74.5 .183 13.50 54 32 26 3 9 12 13 53 2 40 36 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. T otal., i. 10 280 62.1 .306 17.38 86 29 21 13 55 40 36 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . 6 4 279 58 60.2 73.8 .356 19.81 .210 15.43 4 65 18 49 20 7 16 36 74 36 12 Total___ 10 337 62.5 .331 U 05 4 83 69 23 36 74 36 12 2 2 4 4 5 2 6 4 5 CUPOLA M E LTE R S . 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 5 3 13 5 57.2 $0.442 $23.88 73.2 .323 23.64 1 1 T o ta l.... 8 18 61.6 .409 23.82 1913. Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . 5 3 13 6 57.5 73.0 .535 29.44 .351 25.60 2 2 2 2 T o ta l.... 8 19 62.4 .477 28.23 4 2 2 8 3 8 3 CUPOLA TA PPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh___ 5 4 33 15 53.7 $0,423 $21.83 75.6 .251 18.98 1 2 6 12 1 26 G. L. and M. W. 1 2 18 1 26 Total___ 9 48 60.6 .369 20.94 1913. Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . 5 4 53 16 54.8 75.4 .426 22.54 .283 21.30 2 10 10 4 4 27 12 Total___ 9 69 59.5 .393 22.25 2 20 8 27 12 BLO W E R S. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 6 4 13 8 66.4 $0,530 $34.96 73.5 .527 38.63 6 6 5 2..... Total----- 10 21 69.1 .529 36.36 12 5 2 2 6 4 15 8 57.7 .622 35.41 40.92 73.5 G. L..558 and M. W. 2 6 5 5 3 2 10 23 63.2 8 5 5 5 1913. Pittsburgh. ___ T o ta l.... .600 37.33 80 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U K E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . II,— AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913— BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Continued. T a b le REGULATORS, FIRST. Year and district. Aver Num Aver age age Num ber full rate ber of of em time of hours wages plants. ploy per per ees. week. hour. ! i Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver 1 age full time 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 week and and and and and and and and and and 70 un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly earn der der der der der der der der der der and 40 50 60 70 over. ings. 14 16 18 20 25 30 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G.L.and M.W. 6 4 14 10 62.6 $0,428 $27.05 76.8 .360 27.31 2 6 5 6 3 2 2 11 9 2 9 3 4 2 9 7 2 Total___ 10 24 68.5 .399 27.16 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 6 4 14 10 62.7 74.4 .493 31.23 .393 28.95 6 Total___ 10 24 67.6 .451 30.28 6 REGULATORS, SECOND. 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L.and M .W. 6 3 14 10 61.7 $0,391 $24.47 74.4 .369 27.26 2 4 8 2 2 4 2 6 10 6 2 6 4 5 2 1 2 6 9 3 2 Total___ 9 24 67.0 .381 25.63 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 6 3 14 10 61.6 74.4 .437 27.49 .376 27.66 4 Total___ 9 24 67.0 .411 27.56 4 VESSEL MEN. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . 6 4 T o ta l.... 10 1913. Pittsburgh....... T o ta l.... 17 9 52.5 $0,735 $38.21 69.3 .599 39.35 26 58.3 2 .688 38.60 2 5 5 3 9 3 4 3 12 2 6 2 9 3 4 6 4 17 9 52.5 .780 40.36 G. L..675 and 42.46 M. W. 66.7 4 10 26 57.4 4 2 8 12 13 4 7 7 8 2 3 2 3 1 17 14 10 5 4 .744 41.09 VESSEL MEN’S HELPERS. 1913. Pittsburgh....... T o ta l.... 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W. Total___ 6 4 34 19 51.7 $0,472 $24.06 65.1 G. L..457 and 28.64 M.W. 10 53 56.5 .467 25.70 6 34 4 • 19 51.6 63.8 .531 27.23 .523 31.80 3 6 16 2 3 6 6 2 6 3 56.0 .528 28.87 9 18 9 8 9 10 53 3 3 W AGES A N D H OU RS 81 OF L A B O R — B E S S E M E R C O N V E R T E R S . I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS—Continued. T a b le CINDER PITMEN. Year and district. Aver Aver Num Aver age age full age Num ber full ber of time rate time of em of wages week plants. ploy hours ly per per ees. week. hour. earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 5 4 66 33 64.6 $0,213 $13.31 75.1 .175 13 08 23 45 8 15 2 6 6 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. T o ta l.... 9 99 68.1 .200 13.23 23 53 17 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L.and M .W. 5 4 77 36 64.0 74.3 .246 15.16 .222 16.41 2 10 50 16 14 6 7 2 6 T o ta l.... 9 113 67.3 .238 15.56 2 10 66 20 9 6 12 71.8 $0,385 $27.61 8 73.5 .287 21.00 2 8 3 2 3 2 3 11 2 2 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. BOTTOM MAKERS. 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM .W . 6 4 Total...... 10 20 72.5 .345 24.96 2 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M.W. 6 4 12 8 73.9 73.5 .416 30.42 .335 24.51 2 2 4 4 4 2 2 Total___ 10 20 73.8 .384 28.05 4 8 6 2 BOTTOM MAKERS* HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M .W . 6 4 26 13 71.7 $0,234 $16.77 73.8 .204 15.04 2 6 4 6 3 2 4 6 2 2 2 2 10 9 6 8 2 2 8 8 7 2 3 6 2 2 8 15 5 6 4 Total___ 10 39 72.4 .224 16.19 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM . W . 6 4 26 14 72.8 73.7 .258 18.74 .250 18.31 2 T o ta l.... 10 40 73.1 .255 18.59 2 LADLE LINERS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M .W . 6 4 12 10 71.8 $0,365 $26.16 64.8 .407 25.45 2 8 4 4 1 3 68.6 .384 25.84 2 12 5 3 2 2 2 6 1 2 5 2 4 7 7 Total___ 10 22 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M .W . 6 4 12 10 71.9 64.8 .404 29.04 .434 27.22 2 Total___ 10 22 68.7 .418 28.22 2 83021°— Bull, 168— 15------ 6 82 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913— BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Continued. T able L A D L E LIN ER S* H E L P E R S . Year and district. Num Num ber ber of of emplants. ploy- 1912. 10 34 19.6 .228 15.43 71. 64.8 .243 17.46 .282 17.13 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L. and M. W . Total___ Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 18 i 20 25 30 and and and and and un un un un der der der der 18 25 30 40 cts. cts. cts. cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 71.6 $0.214 $15.29 64. 15.77 Pittsburgh....... G.L .andM .W . Total___ Aver- Aver age age full rate of time hours wages per per week. hour. 10 10 .255 17.36 34 STOPPER M AK ER S. 1912. 70.0 $0,263 $17.84 20.52 72.0 Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM .W . Total___ 10 10 70.! .272 18.91 69.7 .280 19.31 70.1 .302 21.25 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L. and M .W. T o ta l.... 72.0 .336 24.16 10 10 STO PPER SETTERS. 1912. 47.9 $0.459 $21.99 61.0 33.79 Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . Total___ 10 42 1913. Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . 43 T o ta l.... 11 3 12 3!. 51.7 .496 25.36 15 47.9 61.0 .534 25.61 .617 35.48 10. 2 51.6 .558 28.37 12 STEEL PO U RER S. 1912. 47.9 $0.649 $31.09 64.5 .482 30.16 Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . Total___ 10 1913. Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . T o ta l.... 10 34 55.7 .570 30.65 47. 64.5 .737 35.27 .517 32.44 34 55.7 .633 33.94 10 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BESSEMER CONVERTERS. 83 II.— AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913— BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Concluded. T a b le MOLD CAPPERS. Num Num ber of ber Year and dis emof trict. plants. ploy- 1913. Pittsburgh.. . . . G .L.andM .W . T o ta l.... 10 52 1913. Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . Total___ 10 Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Average full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 53.! $0,355 $18.10 73J .215 15.84 16 61.5 17.23 16 52.6 73.8 .406 20.64 19.55 59.5 .360 20.28 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 17 12 17 INGOT STRIPPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . 6 4 16 12 63.4 $0,374 $22.42 76.0 .248 18.86 8 8 4 2 6 8 12 2 6 8 8 4 16 4 Total___ 10 28 68.8 .320 20.90 1913. Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . 6 4 16 12 66.0 75.0 .364 23.23 .296 22.24 T o ta l.... 10 28 69.9 .334 22.81 1 ! LABORERS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . T o ta l.... 426 194 10 1913. Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . Total___ 75.2 $0,168 $12.64 77.1 .166 12.77 12.68 26 16 400 . 178 . 620 75.8 .167 474 207 75.5 74.1 .192 14.52 .190 14.05 257 133 . 97 59 . 75.1 .192 14.38 135 354 192 . 578 . 8 8 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 84 BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CON VERTERS. T a b le [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.! NUMBER. Occupation, and number of plants. Stockers: 9 plants.. 10 plants.. 10 plants__ Cupola melters: 7 plants...... 8 plants.. Cupola tappers: 8 plants...... 9 plants.. Blowers: 9 plants.. 10 plants.. Regulators, first: 9 plants.......... 10 plants.. 10 plants.. Regulators, second: 6 plants............. 8 plants.. 9 plants. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber fullof time 48 Over 56 Over Over Year. em 48 72 60 and and and 72 84 60 ploy hours and and per un under under under ees. week. under der. 60 56 72 84 1907 1908 1909 1910 371 200 266 350 62.5 58.3 63.6 64.9 171 150 114 114 1910 1911 1912 352 241 268 64.9 61.7 62.0 114 111 123 31 1912 1913 280 337 62.1 62.5 125 77 6 72 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 15 65.2 15 64.7 15 64.7 16 60.6 15 64.3 6 6 6 6 6 1911 1912 1913 17 18 19 65.2 61.6 62.4 6 9 6 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 50 43 43 56 41 60.5 59.3 61.5 58.9 59.3 27 24 24. 36 24 1911 1912 1913 45 48 69 60.4 60.6 59.5 24 27 21 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 20 19 19 20 18 65.4 68.8 68.8 69.8 71.9 6 3 3 3 1911 1912 1913 20 21 23 72.0 69.1 63.2 3 6 1907 1908 1909 1910 26 25 25 29 62.3 64.7 64.8 61.4 12 9 9 6 1910 1911 1912 31 24 25 62.1 66.8 64.7 6 6 9 1912 1913 24 24 68.5 67.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 14 14 18 65.3 73.5 73.8 66.7 6 1910 1911 1912 22 21 23 67.5 65.0 63.5 1912 1913 24 24 67.0 67.0 4 31 3 3 18 18 24 16 28 4 25 44 30 39 92 27 2 2 18 68 57 21 20 26 48 92 30 36 20 2 2 18 29 23 92 42 45 44 20 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 i2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 3 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 9 13 5 7 11 6 2 8 8 2 15 5 16 2 10 10 2 10 12 12 12 16 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 18 14 10 2 2 2 4 2 8 8 10 10 2 2 2 2 4 9 9 83 25 60 20 15 20 2 2 2 3 27 27 33 68 4 4 12 12 8 2 6 6 2 2 6 8 8 8 6 2 4 2 6 6 8 8 4 4 4 6 6 9 2 4 4 10 11 6 4 6 6 4 4 8 8 6 6 1Including 1 employee whose full-time hours per week were 91. ' 4 2 6 5 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 4 W AGES A N D H OU RS OF L A B O R -----B E S S E M E R CON VERTERS. 85 III.— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913— BESSEMER CON T a b le VERTERS— Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Vessel men: 9 plants.................... NUMBER—Continued. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over of time 48 Over 56 Over Year. em 72 48 60 and and and 72 84 and 60 and ploy hours un per under under under under ees. week. der. 60 84 72 56 1907 1908 1909 1910 23 22 22 24 58.5 61.1 61.2 56.6 12 9 9 12 3 3 3 6 10 plants.................. 1910 1911 1912 26 25 26 57.8 59.1 57.3 12 12 15 6 3 3 10 plants................. 1912 1913 26 26 58.3 57.4 9 9 9 9 1907 1908 1909 1910 47 45 45 49 57.0 59.5 59.6 55.3 24 18 18 24 9 9 9 15 10 plants.................. 1910 1911 1912 53 51 53 56.5 57.6 55.9 24 24 30 15 9 9 10 plants.................. 1912 1913 53 53 56.5 56.0 24 24 15 15 1907 1908 1909 1910 118 71 92 79 67.9 65.9 68.4 67.3 24 21 21 6 9 plants.................... 1910 1911 1912 85 62 87 67.6 69.8 67.2 6 6 21 9 plants.................... 1912 1913 99 113 68.1 67.3 21 27 1907 1908 1909 1910 17 17 16 17 73.4 72.4 73.1 73.5 2 4 2 1910 1911 1912 1913 19 19 20 20 73.4 71.8 72.5 73.8 4 4 4 1907 1908 1909 1910 30 27 29 30 73.5 72.2 73.1 72.9 8 7 8 10 plants.................. 1910 1911 1912 34 31 31 72.8 72.2 72.2 10 10 10 plants.................. 1912 1913 39 40 72.4 73.1 12 12 1907 1908 1909 1910 21 21 21 23 65.1 65.6 65.1 66.3 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 10 plants.................. 1910 1911 1912 25 24 24 66.8 68.3 68.9 6 3 3 1 1 1 4 4 10 plants.......... . 1912 1913 22 22 68.6 68.7 3 3 1 1 4 4 Vessel men’s helpers: 9 plants.................... Cinder pitmen: 8 plants.................... Bottom makers: 9 plants.................... 10 plants.................. Bot om makers’ helpers: 9 plants.................... Ladle liners: 9 plants.................... 4 44 12 23 15 15 16 2 4 2 B U L L E T IN 86 OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . III.— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913— BESSEMER CON T a b le VERTERS— C o n tin u e d . Occupation, and number of plants. Ladle liners’ helpers: 9 plants................ NUMBER—Continued. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of Over Over Year. em 56 time 48 Over 48 60 72 and and and 60 72 and ploy hours 84 and un per under under under ees. week. under 60 der. 72 56 84 1 1 1 1 1907 1908 1909 1910 39 31 39 37 68.2 67.5 68.5 68.5 6 6 6 6 1910 1911 1912 1913 39 34 34 34 68.7 69.1 69.6 69.8 6 3 3 3 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 9 9 11 72.8 72.9 71.6 73.1 2 2 2 1 1910 1911 1912 1913 12 10 10 10 73.0 72.0 70.8 70.6 1 2 3 1 1907 1908 1909 1910 45 40 34 37 51.5 54.3 55.4 51.5 39 30 24 27 1910 1911 1912 1913 39 39 42 43 52.6 55.3 51.7 51.6 27 27 36 37 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 28 28 30 55.4 57.4 57.5 54.5 21 18 18 21 10 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 32 30 32 55.6 55.1 54.7 21 21 24 10 plants.. 1912 1913 34 34 55.7 55.7 24 24 1907 1908 1909 1910 48 39 43 46 54.5 53.7 54.0 55.0 36 30 33 12 9 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 52 37 44 57.0 64.2 59.5 12 12 24 10 plants__ 1912 1913 52 61 61.5 59.5 24 33 6 6 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 28 28 29 67.4 68.4 70.2 67.9 9 6 6 3 4 6 4 1910 1911 1912 1913 31 27 28 28 68.1 70.4 68.8 69.9 3 1907 1908 1909 1910 801 425 564 748 78.0 76.2 76.9 78.1 10 plants.. Stopper makers: 9 plants........ 10 plants.. Stopper setters: 9 plants........ 10 plants.. Steel pourers: 9 plants__ Mold cappers: 8 plants... Ingot strippers: 9 plants...... 10 plants.. Laborers: 9 plants.. 3 I 1 1 1 1 10 10 10 14 14 14 2 1 6 6 3 3 24 24 6 6 3 3 6 12 6 4 2 4 24 3 22 22 34 20 13 1 1 Including 54 employees whose full-time hours per week were 85. 10 12 8 6 172 131 141 242 266 221 152 337 143 167 1319 W AGES AN D H O U R S OF L A B O R -----B E S S E M E R CONVERTERS. 87 I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CON T able VERTERS— Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Laborers—Concluded. 10 plants................ 10 plants NUMBER—Concluded. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over of time 48 Over 56 Over Year. em 72 48 60 and hours and 84 and 72 and ploy- per un and under 60 under under under week. der. 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 786 593 626 77.8 74.6 75.7 275 253 242 154 215 174 1321 73 103 1912 1913 620 681 75.8 75.1 238 270 164 227 170 138 7.3 10.4 12.4 19.4 22.4 9.6 22.6 5.7 11.9 11.5 14.7 26.3 PER CENT. Stockers: 9 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 371 260 266 350 62.5 58.3 63.6 64.9 46.1 57.7 *i.5 42.9 32.6 '*8*9* 1910 1911 1912 352 241 268 64.9 61.7 62.0 32.4 46.1 45.9 8.8 1912 1913 280 337 62.1 62.5 44.6 22.8 2.1 21.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 15 15 15 16 15 65.2 64.7 64.7 60.6 64.3 40.0 40.0 40.0 37.5 40.0 1911 1912 1913 17 18 19 65.2 61.6 62.4 35.3 50.0 31.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 50 43 43 56 41 60.5 59.3 61.5 58.9 59.3 54.0 55.8 55.8 64.3 58.5 1911 1912 1913 45 48 69 60.4 60.6 59.5 53.3 56.3 30.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 20 19 19 20 18 65.4 68.8 68.8 69.8 71.9 30.0 15.8 15.8 15.0 1911 1912 1913 20 21 23 72.0 69.1 63.2 14.3 26.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 26 25 25 29 62.3 64.7 64.8 61.4 46.2 36.0 36.0 20.7 10 plants. 1910 1911 1912 31 24 25 62.1 66.8 64.7 19.4 25.0 36.0 10 plants. 1912 1913 24 24 68.5 67.6 25.0 25.0 10 plants. 10 plants Cupola melters: 7 plants___ 8 plants.. Cupola tappers: 8 plants........ 9 plants.. Blowers: 9 plants.. 10 plants. Regulators, first: 9 plants........ 4.9 9.2 6.0 7.5 **7.T 1.5 **6.*2’ 7.5 7.7 .8 .7 6.7 19.3 23.7 7.8 5.7 10.8 17.9 26.1 12.4 13.4 7.1 .7 .6 6.4 8.6 8.2 27.3 15.0 13.4 15.7 5.9 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 20.0 20.0 20.0 18.8 20.0 13.3 13.3 13.3 12.5 13.3 513.3 13.3 13.3 12.5 13.3 11.8 11.1 10.5 29.4 16.7 21.1 11.8 11.1 10.5 11.8 11.1 10.5 11.6 12.5 26.8 12.0 4.7 18.6 14.3 4.9 8.0 4.7 14.0 8.9 9.8 33.3 10.4 23.2 4.4 20.8 14.5 11.1 50.0 63.2 63.2 60.0 88.9 10.0 10.5 10.5 15.0 10.0 9.5 8.7 90.0 66.7 43.5 7.7 16.0 8.0 30.8 32.0 40.0 34.5 16.7 16.0 38.7 50.0 32.0 8.3 8.3 25.0 33.3 18.8 15.8 8.0 4.7 4.2 5.8 26.1 10.0 10.5 10.5 13.0 31.0 29.0 ......... 1 Including 54 employees whose full-time hours per week were 85. 2 Including 6.7 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 10.0 9.5 8.7 7.7 8.0 8.0 7.7 8.0 8.0 13.8 12.9 8.3 8.0 33.3 33.3 BULLETIN 88 of t h e bureau op l a b o r s t a t is t ic s . HI.— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913— BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Regulators, second: 6 plants............. 8 plants. 9 plants. Vessel men: 9 plants. 10 plants. 10 plants............. Vessel men’s helpers: 9 plants.............. 10 plants. 10 plants... Cinder pitmen: 8 plants___ 9 plants. 9 plants____ Bottom makers: 9 plants____ 10 plants. Bottom makers’ helpers: 9 plants..................... 10 plants. 10plants. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber of time 48 Over 56 Over Over Year. em 48 60 72 and and and 72 60 and 84 ploy hours and un per under under ees. week. der. under 60 under 72 56 84 . 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 14 14 18 65.3 73.5 73.8 66.7 33.3 1910 1911 1912 22 21 23 67.5 65.0 63.5 1912 1913 24 24 1907 1908 1909 1910 23 22 22 24 14.3 33.3 42.9 57.1 44.4 27.3 28.6 39.1 9.1 19.0 17.4 45.5 52.4 26.1 17.4 67.0 67.0 25.0 25.0 16.7 16.7 33.3 33.3 25.0 25.0 58.5 61.1 61.2 56.6 52.2 40.9 40.9 50.0 13.0 13.6 13.6 25.0 8.7 18.2 18.2 8.3 17.4 18.2 18.2 1910 1911 1912 26 57.8 25 59.1 26 57.3 46.2 48.0 57.7 23.1 12.0 11.5 15.4 24.0 7.7 8.0 15.4 15.4 8.0 7.7 1912 1913 26 26 58.3 57.4 34.6 34.6 34.6 34.6 7.7 15.4 15.4 15.4 7.7 . 1907 1908 1909 1910 47 45 45 49 57.0 59.5 59.6 55.3 51.1 40.0 40.0 49.0 19.1 20.0 20.0 30.6 8.5 17.8 17.8 8.2 17.0 17.8 17.8 4.3 4.4 4.4 12.2 . 1910 1911 1912 53 51 53 56.5 57.6 55.9 45.3 47.1 56.6 28.3 17.6 17.0 15.1 23.5 7.5 7.8 15.1 11.3 3.9 3.8 1912 1913 53 53 56.5 56.0 45.3 45.3 28.3 28.3 7.5 7.5 11.3 15.1 7.5 3.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 il8 71 92 79 67.9 65.9 68.4 67.3 20.3 29.6 22.8 7.6 37.3 16.9 25.0 32.2 39.4 32.6 50.6 3.4 14.1 10.9 12.7 1910 1911 1912 85 62 87 67.6 69.8 67.2 7.1 9.7 24.1 25.8 54.1 54.8 41.4 11.8 9.7 34.5 9.4 . 1912 1913 99 113 68.1 67.3 21.2 23.9 46.5 42.5 30.3 31.9 2.0 1.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 17 17 16 17 73.4 72.4 73.1 73.5 11.8 23.5 12.5 64.7 64.7 68.8 76.5 23.5 11.8 18.8 11.8 11.8 1910 1911 1912 1913 19 19 20 20 73.4 71.8 72.5 73.8 21.1 20.0 20.0 78.9 78.9 70.0 50.0 10.5 10.5 10.0 20.0 10.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 30 27 29 30 73 *> 72.2 73.1 72.9 26.7 25.9 27.6 46.7 66.7 51.7 86.7 26.7 7.4 20.7 6.7 6.7 1910 1911 1912 34 31 31 72.8 72.2 72.2 32.3 32.3 88.2 5.9 64.5 61.3 ‘ *6.*5 1912 1913 39 40 72.4 73.1 30.8 30.0 59.0 45.0 33.3 19.0 17.6 22.2 28.6 28.6 22.2 18.2 10.3 20.0 8.7 9.1 9.1 16.7 8.7 10.1 5.9 3.2 5.0 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BESSEMER CONVERTERS. 89 I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CON VERTERS—Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Ladle liners: Ladle liners’ helpers: Stopper makers: 10 plants ......................... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of time 48 Over 56 Over Over Year. em 72 48 60 and hours and 72 and 84 and ploy per un and under 60 under ees. week. der. under under 60 84 72 56 1907 1908 1909 1910 21 21 21 23 65.1 65.6 65.1 66.3 28.6 28.6 28.6 26.1 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.3 9.5 19.0 9.5 1910 1911 1912 25 24 24 66.8 68.3 68.9 24.0 12.5 12.5 4.0 4.2 4.2 1912 1913 22 22 68.6 68.7 13.6 13.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 39 31 39 37 68.2 67.5 68.5 68.5 1910 1911 1912 1913 39 34 34 34 68.7 69.1 69.6 69.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 9 9 11 1910 1911 1912 1913 12 10 10 10 Stopper setters: 9 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 47.6 38.1 47.6 52.2 9.5 8.7 *8.7 56.0 66.7 58.3 8.0 8.0 16.7 16.7 8.3 4.5 4.5 18.2 18.2 54.5 45.5 9.1 18.2 15.4 19.4 15.4 16.2 ........ ........ 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.7 25.6 32.3 25.6 51.3 38.7 46.2 64.9 5.1 6.5 10.3 10.8 ‘ **5*4 15.4 8.8 8.8 8.8 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 66.7 47.1 41.2 29.4 10.3 41.2 41.2 41.2 72.8 72.9 ......... ......... 71.6 73.1 40.0 20.0 44.4 22.2 22.2 ’22.2* 22.2 72.7 9.1 30.0 11.1 11.1 73; 0 72.0 70.8 70.6 8.3 20.0 30.0 10.0 86.7 75.0 70.6 73.0 8.9 20.0 23.5 16.2 ......... ......... ......... 5.4 15.4 39 39 42 43 52.6 55.3 51.7 51.6 69.2 69.2 85.7 86.0 29 28 28 30 55.4 57.4 57.5 54.5 72.4 64.3 64.3 70.0 10 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 32 30 32 55.6 55.1 54.7 65.6 70.0 7*> 0 10 plants.................................. 1912 1913 Mold cappers: 8 plants..................- ................ 1907 1908 1909 1910 34 34 55.7 55.7 48 39 43 46 9 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 10 plants.................................. 1912 1913 Ingot strippers: 9 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 10.0 10.3 30.8 9.5 9.3 13.8 21.4 21.4 ......... 6.7 9.4 9.5 5.1 5.9 17.6 75.0 60.0 50.0 80.0 45 51.5 40 54.3 34 55.4 37 51.5 10 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Steel pourers: 9 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 10.0 9.5 10.0 2?. 2 22.2 18.2 16.7 20.0 20.0 4.4 5.0 5.9 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.7 13.8 14.3 14.3 13.3 12.5 12.5 30.0 12.5 12.5 70.6 70.6 17.6 17.6 11.8 11.8 54.5 53.7 54.0 55.0 75.0 76.9 76.7 26.1 16.7 17.9 14.0 8.7 8.3 5.1 9.3 4.3 52 37 44 57.0 64.2 59.5 23.1 32.4 54.5 19.2 62.2 31.8 3.8 5.4 13.6 52 61 61.5 59.5 46.2 54.1 11.5 9.8 26.9 23.0 15.4 13.1 29 28 28 29 67.4 68.4 70.2 67.9 31.0 21.4 21.4 10.3 13.8 21.4 14.3 20.7 21.4 21.4 27.6 20.7 13.8 35.7 21.4 '"21*4 20.7 20.7 52.2 46.2 20.7 8.7 7.7 90 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I , — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BESSEMER CON VERTERS—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Ingot strippers—Concluded. 10 plants........................ Laborers: 9 plants.......................... 10 plants........................ 10 plants........................ Num ber of Year. em ploy- Aver- Employees whose full-time hours per week were— time 48 Over 56 48 hours and and per un and under under week. der. 60 56 1910 1911 1912 1913 31 27 28 28 68.1 70.4 68.8 69.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 801 425 564 748 78.0 76.2 76.9 78.1 1910 1911 1912 786 593 626 77.8 74.6 75.7 1912 1913 620 681 75.8 75.1 9.7 io.Y Over 60 and under 72 72 Over 72 and under 84 22.2 14.3 7.1 32.3 44.4 28.6 21.4 19.4 22.2 35.7 50.0 0.5 5.6 .5 2.9 2.7 8.0 3.5 1.7 21.5 30.8 25.0 32.4 33.2 42.1 21.9 33.6 39.2 29.6 20.3 142.6 2.9 4.6 2.7 1.7 4.2 4.6 35.0 42.7 38.7 19.6 2 40.8 36.3 12.3 27.8 26.0 2.7 1.2 4.8 5.6 38.4 39.6 26.5 33.3 19.4 11.1 10.7 21.4 2.1 0.2 1 Including 7.2 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 85. 2 Including 6.9 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 85. 84 19.4 27.4 20.3 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — B E S S E M E R 91 CON VERTERS. T a b l e I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS. STOCKERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Num AverNum ber SR. of time ber of em 48 Over 56 hours and plants. ploy 48 and per and under ees. week. un under der. 60 56 . 6 4 231 49 59.4 74.5 125 Total................................... 10 280 62.1 125 6 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 6 4 279 58 60.2 73.8 77 72 Total................................... 10 337 62.5 77 6 60 20 Oyer 60 and under 72 2 2 72 2 Over 72 and under 84 84 18 4 19 14 28 44 18 23 42 44 29 62 30 19 26 20 29 92 45 20 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 2 5 10 2 5 10 **, *2 20 72 CUPOLA MELTERS. Total.............................. 1913. Pittsburgh............................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . Total.............................. C OlO 1912. Pittsburgh............................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 5 3 57.2 73.2 9 8 18 61.6 9 5 3 13 6 57.5 73.0 6 8 19 62.4 6 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 CUPOLA TAPPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 5 4 33 15 53.7 75.6 27 Total................................... 9 48 60.6 27 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 5 4 53 16 54.8 75.4 21 18 4 10 6 10 Total................................... 9 69 59.5 21 18 4 16 10 2 BLOWERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 6 4 13 8 66.4 73.5 3 2 8 6 2 Total................................... 10 21 69.1 3 2 14 2 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . 6 4 15 57.7 8 73.5 6 3 2 4 6 2 Total................................... 10 63.2 6 3 2 10 2 23 4 4 92 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Continued. T a b le REGULATORS, FIRST. Year and district. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber Num of full ber of em time 48 Over 56 Over Over plants. ploy hours and 48 72 60 and per and 60 and 72 and 84 ees. week. un under under under under der. 60 56 72 84 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 6 4 14 10 62.6 76.8 6 2 2 4 4 4 2 Total................................... 10 24 68.5 6 2 6 8 2 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 6 4 14 10 62.7 74.4 6 2 2 6 4 4 Total.......... ........................ 10 24 67.6 6 2 8 8 4 2 6 2 4 REGULATORS, SECOND. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... 6 14 61.7 6 10 74.4W est... Great Lakes3and Middle Total................................... 9 24 67.0 6 4 8 6 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 6 3 14 10 61.6 74.4 6 4 2 6 2 4 Total................................... 9 24 67.0 6 4 8 6 6 9 4 4 4 2 4 8 2 6 4 6 4 VESSEL MEN. 1912. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Total.......... ........................ 10 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Total................................ 10 17 9 52.5 69.3 26 58.3 17 52.5 66.7 26 57.4 VESSEL MEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 6 4 34 19 51.7 65.1 24 Total................................... 10 53 56.5 24 15 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 6 4 34 19 51.6 63.8 24 6 9 4 Total................................... 10 53 56.0 24 is 4 W AGES A N D H O U RS OF 93 LABOR— B E SSEM ER CO N VERTERS. IV .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913— BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Continued. T a b le CINDER PITMEN. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num AverNum ber & ber of of time 48 Over 56 48 plants. em- hours and and pioy- per and under un under week. der. 56 1913. P ittsburgh............................ Great Lakes and Middle W est... 33 60 Over 60 and under 72 21 113 Total................................ Over 72 and under 84 84 .64.6 75.1 Total................................ 1913. Pittsburgh................................ Great Lakes and Middle West. 72 64.0 74.3 27 67.3 27 46 30 48 36 BO TTO M M AKERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 6 4 12 8 71.8 73.5 4 8 6 2 . . . . ........................ 10 20 72.5 4 14 2 1913. Pittsburgh.............. .................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 12 8 73.9 73.5 4 4 6 2 2 2 Total.......... ........................ 10 20 73.8 4 10 4 2 Total B O TT O M M A K E R S ’ H ELP ER S. 1912. 6 4 26 13 71.7 73.8 12 14 Great Lakes and Middle W est... 9 4 Total................................... 10 39 72.4 12 23 4 19 13. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 26 14 72.8 73.7 12 8 10 4 4 2 Total................................... 10 40 73.1 12 18 8 2 4 8 4 2 4 12 2 4 6 4 2 2 4 10 4 Pittsburgh................................... L A D L E LIN ERS. 1912. Pittsburgh............................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total.............................. 1913. Pittsburgh............................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total.......................... 6 4 12 10 71.8 64.8 3 1 10 22 68.6 3 1 6 4 12 10 71.9 64.8 3 i 10 22 68.7 3 1 94 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. IV.— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913— BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Continued. T a b le LADLE LINERS’ HELPERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age full Num ber of ber of em time 48 Over 56 plants. ploy- hours and 48 and per un and under under week. der. 60 56 1912. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total................................... 10 34 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Total................................... 10 60 Over 60 and under 72 71.6 64.8 14 >9.6 14 71.8 64.8 14 34 14 72 Over 72 and under 84 84 14 10 STOPPER MAKERS. 1912. 6 4 6 4 70.0 72.0 3 1 4 2 10 10 70.8 3 5 2 Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 6 4 6 4 69.7 72.0 1 1 4 4 Total................................... 10 10 70.6 1 1 8 Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total................................. 1913. STOPPER SETTERS. 1912. 6 4 30 12 47.9 61.0 30 6 4 2 10 42 51.7 36 4 2 Pittsburgh...................... ............. Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 31 12 47.9 61.0 31 6 4 2 Total................................... 10 43 51.6 37 4 2 Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total ............................... 1913. STEEL POURERS. 1912. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... * 6 4 18 16 47.9 64.5 18 6 6 4 Total................................... 10 34 55.7 24 6 4 ......................... Pittsburgh Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 18 16 47.9 64.5 18 6 6 4 Total................................... 10 34 55.7 24 6 4 1913. 95 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BESSEMER CONVERTERS. I V ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BESSEMER CONVERTERS— Concluded. T a b le MOLD CAPPERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age ber full Num of ber of em time 48 Over 56 48 plants. ploy hours and and per and under ees. week. un under der. 60 56 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 32 20 53.8 73.8 24 Total................................... 10 52 61.5 24 . . . . 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 41 20 52.6 73.8 Total................................... 10 61 59.5 60 Over 60 and under 72 72 Over 72 and under 84 6 2 12 8 6 14 8 33 6 2 12 8 33 6 14 8 f....... 84 INGOT STRIPPERS. 1913. Pittsburgh.............................. ..... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 16 12 63.4 76.0 3 3 4 6 2 10 Total................................... 10 28 68.8 3 3 4 8 10 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 16 12 66.0 75.0 6 2 2 4 6 8 Total................................... 10 28 69.9 6 2 6 14 LABORERS. 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 426 194 75.2 77.1 1 13 4 30 155 83 125 39 102 68 Total................................... 10 620 75.8 1 17 30 238 164 170 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 4 474 207 75.5 74.1 5 3 38 123 147 194 33 114 24 Total................................... 10 681 75.1 8 38 270 227 138 OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. SUMMARY. Summary figures relating to the open-hearth furnace department of the iron and steel industry are given with figures for other depart ments in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explana tion of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages or earnings per hour of employees in the principal productive occupations in openhearth furnaces was from 8.8 per cent to 13.4 per cent higher than in any one of the three years preceding, and, as the average full-time hours per week in 1913 were also higher, the average full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were from over 10 per cent to nearly 17 per cent higher than in any one of the three years preceding. The most significant facts concerning the several open-hearth occu pations which are covered in this section of the report are summar ized in the table following. Data are presented for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, figures for identical plants being grouped to gether. The data for 1913 represents 3,498 open-hearth furnace em ployees in the 15 occupations covered, and were obtamed from 17 plants, having 182 furnaces in operation. Referring to the first occupation presented, door operators, direct comparison can be made of data for 15 identical plants from 1910 to 1912, inclusive, and for another group of 15 plants for 1912 and 1913. The first line of the table is analyzed as follows: In 1910 the 15 open-hearth furnaces for which reports were obtained employed 165 door operators, whose average full-time hours of work were 75.9 per week. For 12.1 per cent of the 165 door operators the full-time hours per week were over 60 and under 72; for 38.2 per cent, 72; for 21.8 per cent, over 72 and under 84; and for 27.9 per cent, 84. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of door operators in the year considered (1910) was $0,101. Of the total number 51.5 per cent received under 10 cents per hour; 31.5 per cent, 10 and under 12 cents; 8.5 per cent, 12 and under 14 cents; and 8.5 per cent, 14 and under 16 cents per hour. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in 15 plants the average full-time weekly earnings of the door operators were $7.72 in both 1910 and 1912, decreasing to $7.53 in 1911, while in the 83021°—Bull. 168—15------7 97 98 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. second group of 15 plants the average was $7.68 in 1912 and $8.68 in 1913. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 of the several occupations, it is seen that with the exception of door operators, who are usually boys, the lowest average was that of la borers, which was $14.24, and the highest that of melters’ helpers, first, which was $33.89. In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Num ber Occupation, and num Year. of em ber of plants. ploy ees. Per cent of employees Per cent of employ whose full-time hours ees whose earnings per week were— per hour were— Aver Aver age age full rate Over Over time of 7 8 10 12 14 72 wages and and and and and hours 60 60 per and and 72 and 84 per un un un un un un week. un un hour. der der der der der 8 10 12 14 16 der. der der 84 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 72 Door operators: 15 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 165 160 157 75.9 12.1 38.2 21.8 27.9 $0,101 6.1 45.4 31.5 8.5 75.5 21.3 23.8 31.3 23.8 .100 6.3 40.0 38.8 15.0 76.0 ....... 20.4 28.0 21.0 30.6 .102 6.4 32.5 44.6 16.6 15 plants............... 1912 1913 155 160 76.4 76.9 20.6 24.5 21.3 33.5 20.0 18.8 27.5 33.8 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 8.5 $7.72 7.53 7.72 .100 6.5 35.4 45.2 12.9 j32.6 30.0 25.0 *ii*5 .112 7.68 8.68 12 16 18 20 and and and and 25 un un un un cts. der der der der and 16 18 20 25 over. cts. cts. cts. cts. Laborers: 17 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 1,038 806 897 74.5 9.7 20.4 13.2 35.2 21.6 73.2 11.1 23.8 14.5 37.0 13.5 74.4 12.1 12.8 14.6 43.7 16.8 .157 44.7 55.4 .161 34.1 63.5 *2*4 .103 22.1 75.4 2.6 11.69 11.78 12.10 17 plants............... 1912 1913 Melters’ helpers, third: 17 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 948 1,109 74.7 11.1 13.2 16.8 38.5 20.5 76.2 8.3 5.5 25.3 30.9 30.0 .164 21.7 70.3 8.1 .187 6.0 29.1 19.3 45*6 12.21 14.24 393 394 414 76.5 ....... 7.6 35.9 29.5 27.0 73.9 19.8 36.5 36.0 7.6 75.4 6.8 30.4 46.4 16.4 .196 3.6 38.4 16.8 41.2 14.97 .185 21.1 21.6 23.9 33.2 **‘ .*3 13.67 .199 17.6 13.5 15.2 44.9 8.7 15.01 16 plants............... 1912 1913 Stockers: 17 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 390 416 75.8 77.6 2.1 28.2 50.3 19.5 1.0 26.0 39.9 33.2 .200 18.7 13.3 11.0 47.7 9.2 15.17 .217 4.8 7.5 13.9 53.1 20.7 16.86 448 419 403 13.4 23.9 34.4 28.3 76.8 74.4 **3.*i 26.0 24.3 27.7 18.9 76.6 ....... 6.5 30.3 38.5 24.8 .177 32.8 18.5 17.0 31.7 13.69 .172 37.7 24.6 33.9 3.8 12.73 .176 31.3 39.5 6.9 17.9 **4*5 13.49 17 plants............... 1912 1913 Switchmen: 14 plants............... 1910 1911 413 417 77.0 77.8 7.3 24.7 40.0 28.1 7.7 21.6 40.0 30.7 .176 31.5 37.5 13.1 13.6 .197 1.4 29.3 29.5 32.1 109 113 77.3 74.5 6.4 22.0 44.0 27.5 36.3 19.5 35.4 8.8 .185 11.0 32.1 31.2 25.7 14.29 .187 5.3 25.7 46.0 23.0 ....... 13.90 15 plants............... 1911 1912 117 112 74.4 74.6 38.5 18.8 34.2 16.1 28.6 46.4 8.5 8.9 .186 6.8 24.8 44.4 23.9 13.85 .198 5.4 17:9 41.1 28.6 **7.'i 14.75 J5 p lan ts............ 1912 118 75.2 1913 117 15.3 18.6 55.9 10.2 49.6 20.5 76.8 15,4 14,5 . 199 5.1 15.3 44.1 28.8 6.8 14.92 .230 1.7 6.8 3.4 56.4 31.6 17. as 4.4 13.51 7.7 15.30 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 99 A V E R A G E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K AND R ATES OF W AGES PER H O U R , AND A VER AG E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EAR N IN G S IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—O PEN -H EA R TH FU RN AC ES—Continued. Per cent of employ Per cent of employees ees whose earnings whose full-time hours per week were— per hour were— AverNum Aver age ber full rate Occupation, and num Year. of 20 25 30 Over Over time of em hours ber of plants. Un and and and 40 72 60 ploy- per and and un un cts. and der un per 72 un 84 hour. 20 der der der and week. un un der cts. 25 30 40 over. der. der 84 72 cts. cts. cts. Charging-machine op erators: 17 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 73 72 72 76.8 74.7 75.5 8.2 34.2 27.4 30.1 $0,294 5.5 2.7 47.9 35.6 25.0 25.0 33.3 16.7 .287 11.2 13. 36.1 30.6 13.9 25.0 22.2 .312 5.6 2. 22.2 1.4 Avertime week ly earn ings. 8.2 $22.52 8.3 21.37 23.56 17 plants............... 1912 1913 Engineers,locomotive: 14 plants............... 1910 1911 72 76 75.8 78.0 13.9 36.1 25.0 25.0 13.2 15.8 31.6 39.5 .312 5.6 2. 19.4 72.2 23.67 .335 5.3 26.3 55.3 13.2 26.12 107 110 77.3 74.4 5.6 23.4 44.9 26.2 35.5 20.0 36.4 8.2 .244 .248 48.1 36.4 5. 40.' 51.8 1.8 18.92 18.40 15 plants............... 1911 1912 114 111 74.3 75.2 37.7 19.3 35.1 14.4 19.8 57.7 7.9 8.1 .247 .261 39.5 51.8 1.8 23.4 51.4 18.0 18.32 19.61 15 plants.............. 1912 1913 Ingot strippers: 15 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 117 114 75.8 76.8 13.7 10.3 66.7 9.4 14.0 14.9 50.9 20.2 .262 22.2 53.8 17.1 12.3 0 48.2 19.86 22.50 46 51 49 73.7 71.9 72.4 6.5 21.7 30.4 17.4 23.9 5.9 7.8 62.7 19.6 3.9 69.4 20.4 4.1 6.1 .275 .256 .281 41.3 21.7 21.7 13.7 21.6 19.6 40. 12.2 32.7 6.5 19.88 5.9 18.06 6.1 20.00 15 plants............... 1912 1913 Ladle cranemen: 16 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 55 61 72.9 74.5 5.5 4.9 69.1 18.2 7.3 45.9 29.5 19.7 .278 .296 47.3 14.5 29.1 4.9 55.7 i.2 5.5 19.99 9.8 21.85 90 86 90 77.2 74.6 76.2 8.9 27.8 31.1 32.2 24.4 33.7 23.3 18.6 10.0 32.2 31.1 26.7 .294 .287 .317 22.2 21.1 43.3 16.3 ►.527.9 7.8 85.6 6.7 22.76 8.1 21.32 24.22 17 plants............... 1912 1913 Melters’ helpers, sec ond: 17 plants...,......... 1910 1911 191fi 90 76.0 77.2 10.2 33.0 31.8 25.0 17.8 44.4 28.9 .317 .341 83.0 1.0 24.14 26.34 335 347 76.6 74.5 75.8 8.3 38.1 22.4 31.3 35.2 21.2 20.9 22.7 19.6 37.2 14.4 28.8 .272 .263 .274 24.8 40.4 29.5 31.9 38.8 21.8 20.7 44.4 28.5 20.87 19.62 20.77 17 plants............... 1912 1913 345 360 76.1 76.7 19.7 34.5 14.5 31.3 19.4 29.4 13.9 37.2 .275 5.7 18.6 47.0 28.7 .292 1.1 21.7 30.0 46.7 20.98 22.36 1910 1911 1912 76.5 74.0 75.9 55.0 15.0 30.0 21.1 26.3 42.1 10.5 19.0 28.6 33.3 19.0 .217 35.0 35.0 15.0 15.0 .215 36.9 36.: 10.5 15.8 19.1 42.1 28.6 9.5 16.49 15.78 16.86 9 plants................ 1912 1913 Stock cranemen: 13 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 79.3 79.2 15.4 .228 26.8 34. i 30.8 7.7 .257 28.6 14.3 28.6 28.6 18.00 20.34 14.7 66.7 18.7 .207 24.2 75.7 .235 12.2 48.5 9*4 17.60 15.61 18.29 .228 22.3 44.4 33.3 .239 7.5 66.3 23.8 2.5 18.02 19.01 Mold cappers: 8 plants................ 14 plants............... 1912 1913 72 7.7 26.9 50.0 10.7 50.0 39.3 78.8 75.6 77.7 1.3 2.7 16.0 40.0 40.0 1.4 22.9 10.0 42.9 22.9 18.2 51.5 30.3 78.9 79.6 11.1 47.2 41.7 10.0 47.5 42.5 20 30 40 50 and and and and un un un un der der der der 30 40 50 60 cts. cts. cts. Melters’ helpers, first: 17 plants.............. 17 plants., 1910 1911 1912 341 338 347 77.7 75.3 76.5 1912 1913 345 364 76.8 ....... 77.1....... 7.0 22.0 31.1 17.2 21.3 48.5 13.0 2.3 23.6 55.0 19.0 2.3 20.9 55.4 21.4 2.7 16.5 54.9 25.8 .416 3.5 36.4 49.6 10.6 .400 10.1 39.9 42.3 7.7 .417 6.1 30.3 50.4 13.3 and un der 70 cts. 32.27 30.12 31.89 .417 5.5 31.6 49.613.3 . . . . 31.99 .440 2.5 27.7 42.3 26.4 1.1 33.89 100 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVE R A G E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K AND R ATES OF W AG E S PER H O U R , AND A VER AG E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARN IN G S IN EACH OF T H E PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—O PEN-H EARTH FURNACES—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, and num of Year. em ber of plants. ploy- Steel pourers: 14 plants... 15 plants.... Stopper setters: 10 plants.... 8 plants...... Per cent of <»i Per cent of employ whose full-time" hours ees whose earnings per week were— per hour were— Aver Average full rate 20 30 40 50 60 Over Over time of | 72 hours and and and and and 60 per and and 72 and 84 per un un un un un un un un hour. der der der der der der der. der 30 40 50 60 70 84 72 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Aver age full time week ly 1910 1911 1912 47 44 46 75.3 73.7 75.3 10.6 48. 17.0 23.4 $0,308 51.0 40.4 8.5 22.7 27.3 40. 9.1 .304 45.4 50.0 4.5 21.7 30.4 30.4 17.4 .313 39.1 52.2 8.7 $23.05 22.32 23.52 1912 1913 50 52 76.5 77.6 20.0 24.0 28.0 28.0 19.2 46.2 30. .321 28.0 64.0 8.0 .352 19.2 61.5 19.2 24.57 27.26 1910 1911 1912 30 29 29 76.2 73.5 75.8 36.7 56.7 6.7 27. ( 20. 51.7 20.7 72.4 *6*9 .313 46.7 33.3 13.3 6.7 .313 44. 37.9 10.3 44. 27.6 27.6 23.63 23.11 24.92 1912 1913 26 26 76.0 76.7 15.4 76.9 15.4 84.6 .326 46.2 30. 23.1 .363 30. 46.2 15.4 7.7 24.80 27.78 7.7 To aid in making a comparison of the actual data for the four years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period, relative or index numbers have been computed from the averages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupa tion from 1910 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table following. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent which the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1910 were 89.6 as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1910 were 89. 6 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occupa tion in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. The table following also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913 as compared with each specified year preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1913 were 11.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 20 per cent higher than in 1911, and 13.3 per cent higher than in 1912. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1911 were 7 per cent lower than in 1910; in 1912, 6 per cent higher than in 1911, and in 1913, 13.3 per cent higher than in 1912. The other occupations and items WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 101 of the table can be studied in like manner. The per cent of in crease and decrease is computed from the relative numbers. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Stockers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Stock cranemen: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Charging-machine operators: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Door operators: 191 0 191 1 1 9 1 2 ............................. 1913................................ Melters’ helpers, first: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Melters’ helpers, second: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Melters’ helpers, third: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Stopper setters: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Steel pourers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Mold cappers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Rela tive full time hours per week. 96.1 99.0 100.0 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Rela Each tive Each Each tive speci rate speci full 1913 as speci 1913 as fied 1913 as of fied fied time com com com year wages pared year weekly pared year pared as per as as eamwith with with com hour. comcom each each each pared pared speci with speci with speci with fied fied fied year year year year. year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. +0.8 +4.1 +1.0 100.5 96.4 99.1 100.0 - .5 +3.7 + .9 98.9 96.1 97.2 100.0 +1.1 +4.1 +2.9 98.7 99.3 100.0 Weekly earnings. + .8 +1.3 + .7 101.2 98.0 99.6 100.0 - 1 .2 +2.0 + .4 100.3 97.5 99.2 100.0 - .3 +2.6 + .8 99.1 95.7 97.7 100.0 + .9 +4.5 +2.4 99.6 96.1 99.1 100.0 + .4 +4.1 + .9 98.6 96.5 98.6 100.0 +1.4 +3.6 + 1.4 100.9 97.6 100.1 100.0 +2.5 - .1 -3 .1 +3.0 +1.0 89.8 87.3 89.3 100.0 .+11.4 +14.5 +12.0 - 4 .1 +2.8 + .9 90.5 84.0 95.4 100.0 +10.5 +19.0 + 4.8 - 2 .8 +1.1 +2.9 87.8 85.7 93.1 100.0 +13.9 +16.7 + 7.4 - .5 + .6 + .7 88.4 87.5 89.3 100.0 +13.1 +14.3 +12.0 -3 .2 +1.6 + .4 94.5 90.9 94.8 100.0 + 5.8 +10.0 + 5.5 - 2 .8 +1.7 + .8 93.5 90.4 94.2 100.0 + 7.0 +10.6 + 6.2 - 3 .4 +2.1 +2.4 90.8 85.7 92.2 100.0 +10.1 +16.7 + 8.5 - 3 .5 +3.1 + .9 85.4 85.4 89.8 100.0 +17.1 +17.1 +11.4 - 2 .1 +2.2 + 1.4 91.2 100.0 - 3 .3 +2.6 - .1 86.3 85.5 88.7 100.0 i No change. +11.5 +12 9 + 9.6 +15.9 +17.0 +12.7 - 2.8 + 2.3 +12.0 89.6 83.3 88.3 100.0 +11.6 +20.0 +13.3 - 7.2 +13.6 + 4.8 91.2 80.9 94.8 100.0 + 9.6 +23.6 + 5.5 - 2.4 + 8.6 + 7.4 86.6 82.2 90.6 100.0 +15.5 +21.7 +10.4 - 1.0 + 2.1 +12.0 88.5 86.3 88.5 100.0 +13.0 +15.9 +13.0 + 4.3 + 5.5 95.5 89.2 94.4 100.0 + 4.7 +12.1 + 5.9 - 3.3 + 4.2 + 6.2 94.3 88.6 93.8 100.0 + 6.0 +12.9 + 6.6 - 5.6 + 7.6 + 8.5 89.7 81.9 90.0 100.0 +11.5 +22.1 +11.1 0) + 5.2 +11.4 84.7 82.8 89.3 100.0 +18.1 +20.8 +12.0 - 1.2 + 2.9 + 9.6 88.3 85.5 90.1 100.0 +13.3 +17.0 +11.0 + 3.7 +12.7 86.6 82.8 88.5 100.0 +15.5 +20.8 +13.0 - 7.0 + 6.0 +13.3 -1 1 .3 +17.2 + 5.5 - 5.1 +10.2 +10.4 - 2.5 + 2.5 +13.0 + 5.8 + 5.9 -* 6 .0 + 5.9 + 6.6 - 8.7 + 9.9 +11.1 - 2.2 + 7.9 +12.0 - 3.2 + 5.4 +11.0 - 4.4 + 6.9 +13.0 102 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. R ELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PE R W EEK, RATES OF WAGES P E R HOUR, AND F U L L TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PE R CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Concluded. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Ladle cranemen: 1910................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.............. , .................. Ingot strippers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Engineers, locomotive: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Switchmen: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Laborers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Wages per hour. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Each Rela tive 1913 as speci rate fied com of year pared wages as with per com each hour. speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. Each Rela Each tive 1913 as speci full 1913 as speci fied fied com time com year weekly year pared pared as as with earn with com com each ings. each pared pared speci speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 99.7 96.4 98.4 100.0 +0.3 +3.7 +1.6 99.6 97.2 97.9 100.0 + .4 +2.9 +2.1 101.3 97.5 98.7 100.0 —1.3 +2.6 +1.3 101.3 97.7 97.9 100.0 —1.3 +2.4 +2.1 98.2 96.4 98.0 100.0 +1.8 +3.7 +2.0 —3.3 +2.0 +1.6 86.2 84.2 93.0 100.0 +16.0 +18.8 + 7.5 —2.4 + .7 +2.1 91.9 85.6 93.9 100.0 + 8.8 +16.8 + 6.5 —3.8 + 1.2 +1.3 83.3 84.6 89.4 100.0 +20.0 +18.2 +11.9 —3.6 + .2 +2.1 80.4 81.3 86.5 100.0 +24.4 +23.0 +15.6 —1.8 +1.7 +2.0 84.5 86.6 87.7 100.0 +18.3 +15.5 +14.0 Per cent of in crease ( + ) • or decrease ( —) in - — 2.3 +10.5 + 7.5 86.1 80.7 91.6 100.0 +16.1 +23.9 + 9.2 — 6.9 + 9.7 + 6.5 90.9 82.6 91.5 100.0 +10.0 +21.1 + 9.3 + 1.6 + 5.7 +11.9 84.8 82.5 88.3 100.0 +17.9 +21.2 +13.3 + 1.1 + 6.4 +15.6 81.7 79.5 84.6 100.0 +22.4 +25.8 +18.2 + 2.5 + 1.3 +14.0 82.8 83.5 85.7 100.0 +20.8 + 19.8 +16.7 - 6.3 +13.5 + 9.2 - 9.1 +10.8 + 9.3 - 2.7 + 7.0 +13.3 - 2.7 + 6.4 +18.2 + 2.6 +16.7 A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the open-hearth furnace department as a whole, as determined by a combination of the data for the several principal productive occu pations which are covered in this section of the report. The method of computing the figures of this table is explained on page 23. From the table following, under “ weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the open-hearth department as a whole in 1910 were 88.2 as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1910 were 88.2 per cent of such earnings in 1913. The relative dropped to 85.6 in 1911, advanced to 90.8 in 1912 and to 100 in 1913, the base year. The next column shows that full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 13.4 per cent higher than in 1910, 16.8 per cent higher than in 1911, and 10.1 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column under “ weekly earnings” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time weekly earnings in each year as WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOlt— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 103 compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full time weekly earnings in 1911 were 2.9 per cent lower than in 1910; in 1912, 6.1 per cent higher than in 1911; and in 1913, 10.1 per cent higher than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full time hours per week and rates of wages per hour can be read in like manner. R ELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, A LL OCCUPATIONS—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Rela tive full time hours per week. 99.4 96.9 98.6 100.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. +0.6 +3.2 +1.4 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Rela tive rate of Each speci fied year as com pared with year pre ceding. per hour. 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. - 2 .5 +1.8 +1.4 88.2 88.2 91.9 100.0 +13.4 +13.4 + 8.8 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Each Each tive speci full 1913 as speci fied fied time com year year weekly pared as as earn with com com ings. each pared pared speci with with fied year year year. pre pre ceding. ceding. ■S. +8.8 88.2 85.6 90.8 100.0 +13.4 +16.8 +10.1 - 2.9 + 6.1 +10.1 i No change. In considering earnings it should be remembered that a reduction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings just as an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase them. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the depart ment must be considered— that is, the change in the relative number of employees in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higher-paid ones would tend to lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative num ber of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would tend to increase the' average. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in open-hearth plants whose customary working time per week was 5 days or turns, or 6 days, or 7* days, or variations thereof/ are shown in the following table. The heading “ 5 days and 6 days 104 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. alternately,” for example, indicates that the plants were running 6 days and 5 nights each week, being shut down for one day and a half each week, and that the employees reported under this heading work 6 turns one week and 5 turns the next. The figures are presented for each district and for the four districts combined. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W ORKING EACH SPECI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EE K , B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Employees whose customary working time per week District, and number of plants. Eastern: 4 plants............................. Year. Num ber of em ploy ees. 5 days 5 days 6 days ana and and 6 days 6 days. 7 days 7 days alter alter alter nately. nately. nately. 207 1910 1911 252 274 16 1911 1912 477 480 282 311 4 plants............................. 4912 1913 471 490 296 301 1910 1911 1912 1,491 1,432 1,428 1912 1913 1,452 1,571 225 121 873 879 1910 1911 1912 975 941 1,020 340 461 517 63 263 204 1912 1913 1,073 1,171 477 3422 182 168 1910 1911 1912 292 223 254 188 100 1912 1913 250 86 126 1910 1911 3,341 3,065 207 115 1,123 1,393 17 plants........................... 1911 1912 3,073 3,182 115 55 1,401 1,151 17 plants........................... 1912 1913 3,246 3,498 5 plants............................. Great Lakes and Middle West: 6 plants............................. 6 plants............................. Southern: 2 plants............................. 2 plants............................. Total: 17 plants............................ 32 343 558 225 1,084 3 970 6 days, 7 days, and 7 days 7 days. in rota tion. 24 4 plants............................. Pittsburgh: 5 plants............................. 6 days, 6 days, and 7 days in rota tion. 84 86 32 26 28 94 837 636 881 311 171 319 120 160 3 250 331 461 572 217 414 566 15 104 65 72 924 1,071 539 1,179 539 794 32 1,151 1,137 1Worked 7 days every fourth week. 2Including 47 employees who worked 6 days every fourth week. 8Including 6 employees who worked 7 days every sixth week. 4Including 60 employees who worked 7 days every fourth wee) 120 4 75 9 *56 927 1,198 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOB— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 105 NUM BER AND PER CENT OF EM PLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W O R K IN G EACH SPECI FIED NUM BER OF D A Y S PER W E E K , B Y Y E A R S , 1910 TO 1913— O PE N -H EA R T H FURN ACE S—Concluded. PER CENT. Employees whose customary working time per week District, and number of plants. Eastern: 4 plants............................. Year. Num ber of em ploy- 1910 1911 5 days 5 days 6 days and and and 6 days 6 days. 7 days 7 days alter alter alter nately. nately. nately. 35.5 17.7 43.2 58.4 2.7 6 days, 6 days, 6 days, 7 days, and 7 days. and 7 days 7 da^ in rota tion. tion. 4.1 5.5 14.4 18.3 4 plants............................. 1911 1912 477 480 17.4 11.5 59.1 64.8 5.5 5.4 18.0 18.3 4 plants............................. 1912 1913 471 490 11.7 12.7 62.8 61.4 5.5 5.7 20.0 20.2 1910 1911 1912 1,491 1,432 1,428 2.2 23.0 39.0 15.8 1912 1913 1,452 1,571 1910 1911 1912 Pittsburgh: 5 plants............................. 56.1 44.4 61.7 0.2 .2 15.5 7.7 60.1 56.0 1 1.4 13.8 975 941 1,020 34.9 49.0 50.7 6.5 27.9 20.0 1912 1913 1.073 1,171 44.5 3 36.0 17.0 14.3 1910 1911 1912 292 223 254 64.4 44.8 1912 1913 250 266 34.4 47.4 1910 1911 3,341 3,065 6.2 3.8 33.6 45.4 .5 1.0 27.7 32.1 17 plants............................ 1911 1912 3.073 3,182 3.7 1.7 45.6 36.2 1.0 32.0 37.1 17 plants............................ 1912 1913 3,246 3,498 1.7 1.8 33.4 4 27.7 5 plants............................. Great Lakes and Middle West 6 plants............................. 6 plants............................. Southern: 2 plants............................. 2 plants............................. Total: 17 plants............................ 2.2 20.9 11.9 22.3 0.2 2 3.2 58.7 23.1 29.3 38.6 48.3 1.3 35.6 29.1 34.6 26.0 26.8 2.4 2.3 28.0 23.3 35.5 32.5 22.8 29.3 35.2 27.1 32.1 17.6 .1 17.5 25.0 1.6 6 2.1 .3 6 1.6 34.2 1Worked 7 days every fourth week. 2 Including 3 per cent who worked 6 days every fourth week. 3Including 5 per cent who worked 7 days every sixth week. 4Including 0.2 per cent who worked 7 days every sixth week. 5Including 1.7 per cent who worked 7 days every fourth week. 6Including 1.3 per cent who worked 6 days every fourth week. In addition to the text tables in the summary, four general tables are presented for the open-hearth furnace department, as follows: Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. 106 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. In Tables I and III, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are summarized in the text table on pages 98 to 100. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I to IV, inclusive, and in the table of relative numbers, follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are iden tical units of identical establishments, reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended ex planation, see page 17. Figures for each geographical division for each preceding year, back to 1910, corresponding to those given for 1912 and 1913 in Tables II and IV, and descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report, were given in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau, but have been omitted from the present report. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 107 I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. T a b le [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Occupation, and number of plants. Aver Aver age Num age Aver age full ber of full rate of time Year. em time wages week ploy hours per ly ees. per hour. earn week. ings. Stockers: 17 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 10 cts. 10 and un der 12 cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 16 and and un un der der 16 18 cts. cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 76 142 28 142 16 72 54 123 56 134 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 448 419 403 76.8 $0,177 $13.69 74.4 .172 12.73 76.6 .176 13.49 17 plants___ 1912 1913 Stock cranemen: 13 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 413 417 77.0 77.8 .176 13.51 .197 15.30 75 70 66 78.8 75.6 77.7 .223 17.60 .207 15.61 .235 18.29 50 53 32 14 plants___ 1912 1913 Charging - m a chine o p e r ators: 17 plants.... 1910 1911 1912 72 80 78.9 79.6 .228 18.02 .239 19.01 32 53 73 72 72 76.8 74.7 75.5 .294 22.52 .287 21.37 .312 23.56 1912 1913 72 76 75.8 78.0 .312 23.67 .335 26.12 1910 1911 1912 165 160 157 75.9 75.5 76.0 .101 .100 .102 7.72 7.53 7.72 15 plants___ 1912 1913 Melters* helpers, first: 17 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 155 160 76.4 76.9 .100 .112 7.68 8.68 341 338 347 77.7 75.3 76.5 .416 32.27 .400 30.12 .417 31.89 124 135 105 17 plants.... 1912 1913 Melters’ helpers, second: 17 plants.... 1910 1911 1912 345 364 76.8 77.1 .417 31.99 .440 33.89 109 101 339 335 347 76.6 74.5 75.8 .272 20.87 .263 19.62 .274 20.77 84 107 72 137 130 154 100 73 162 108 99 168 74 12 17 plants... Door operators: 15 plants... 10 52 20 345 360 76.1 76.7 .275 20.98 .292 22.36 64 78 393 394 414 76.5 73.9 75.4 .196 14.97 .185 13.67 .199 15.01 162 131 186 1912 1913 390 416 75.8 77.6 Stopper setters: 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 .200 15.17 .217 16.86 30 29 29 76.2 73.5 75.8 .313 23.63 .313 23.11 .329 24.92 26 26 76.0 76.7 .326 24.80 .363 27.78 47 44 46 75.3 73.7 75.3 .308 23.05 .304 22.32 .313 23.52 50 52 76.5 77.6 .321 24.57 .352 27.26 1912 8 plants. 1913 Steel pourers: 14 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 15 plants__ 1912 1913 20 186 221 14 9 5 1Including 4 employees earning 60 and under 70 cents per hour. 24 19 14 17 plants___ 1912 1913 Melters’ helpers, third: 17 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 16 plants__ 18 40 and un der 50 cts. 108 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVE R AG E FU LL-TIM E W E E K L Y EAR N IN G S AN D AVE R AG E AN D CLASSIFIED RATES OF W AGES P E R H O U R IN TH E U N ITE D STATES, B Y Y E A R S , 1910 TO 1913— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Num ber of Year. em ploy ees. Mold cappers: 8 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate of time time wages week hours per ly per week. hour. earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 10 cts. 10 and un der 12 cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 16 and and un un der der 16 18 cts. cts. 40 38 42 76.5 $0,217 $16.49 74.0 315 15.78 75.9 323 16.86 52 56 79.3 79.2 m m 90 86 90 77.2 74.6 76.2 294 22.76 m 21.32 317 24.22 17 plants___ 1912 1913 Ingot strippers: 15 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 88 90 76.0 77.2 317 24.14 341 26.34 46 51 49 73.7 71.9 72.4 375 19.88 256 18.06 281 20.00 15 plants___ 1912 1913 Engineers, loco motive: 14 plants___ 1910 1911 55 61 72.9 74.5 278 19.99 296 21.85 2 107 110 77.3 74.4 .244 18.92 .248 18.40 15 plants___ 1911 1912 114 111 74.3 75.2 15 plants___ 1912 1913 Switchmen: 14 plants___ 1910 1911 117 114 15 plants___ 1911 1912 9 plants____ 1912 1913 Ladle cranemen: 16 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 6 6 6 8 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 2 2 14 14 18 6 4 12 6 6 4 2 8 18 8 16 16 4 16 2 6 20 14 .7 19 34 39 24 77 6 7 6 7 8 2 6 73 72 4 16 19 7 20 10 11 6 10 10 16 3 2 2 26 3 8 34 16 16 *6 8 4 2 2 52 45 39 57 6 2 .247 18.32 .261 19.61 4 4 4 4 45 26 59 57 2 20 75.8 76.8 .262 19.86 .293 22.50 4 2 4 2 26 14 63 41 20 55 109 113 77.3 74.5 .185 14.29 .187 13.90 12 6 35 29 34 52 28 26 117 112 74.4 74.6 .186 13.85 .198 14.75 8 6 29 20 52 46 28 32 8 6 2 18 8 52 4 34 66 8 37 19 23 18.00 20.34 8 12 6 18 and un der 20 cts. 6 5 2 * 2 4 4 15 plants___ 1912 1913 Laborers: 17 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 118 117 75.2 76.8 .199 14.92 .230 17.63 1,038 806 897 74.5 73.2 74.4 .157 11.69 .161 11.78 .163 12.10 204 259 575 140 135 512 118 80 676 17 plants___ 1912 1913 948 1,109 74.7 76.2 .164 12.21 .187 14.24 120 11 85 666 55 323 77 214 506 PER CENT. Stockers: 17 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 17 plants___ 1912 1913 Stock cranemen: 13 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 14 plants___ 1912 1913 448i 76.8 $0,177 $13.69 419i 74.4 .172 12.73 . . . . . 403! 76.6 .176 13.49 5.8 27.0 18.5 17.0 31.7 .7 37.0 24.6 33.9 3.8 1.5 29.8 39.5 6.9 17.9 4.5 413! 77.0 417' 77.8 2.4 29.1 37.5 13.1 13.6 1.4 29.3 29.5 32.1 4.4 7.7 .176 13.51 .197 15.30 ....... 75i 78.8! .223 17.60 ....... 70I 75.6i .207 15.61 66i 77.7' .235i 18.29 . 6.7 8.0 66.7 18.7 7.1 17.1 75.7 6.1 6.1 48.5 39.4 72! 78.91 .228! 18.02 801 79.6i .239i 19.01 5.6 16.7 44.4 33.3 7.5 66.3 23.8 2.S 50 and un der 60 cts. 1 3 3 W AGES AN D HOURS OF L A B O R — O P E N -H E A R T H FURNACES. 109 I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver Aver age Num age age full ber of full of time 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 Year. em time rate week Un and and and and and and and and and and ploy hours wages un un un un un un un un der un un per ly ees. per hour. earn 10 der der der der der der der der der der week. ings. cts. 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. C harging-m achine opera tors: 17 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 73 72 72 76.8 $0,294 $22.52 74.7 .287 21.37 75.5 .312 23.56 72 76 75.8 78.0 .312 23.67 .335 26.12 165 160 157 75.9 75.5 76.0 .101 .100 .102 7.72 51.5 31.5 8.5 8.5 7.53 46.3 38.8 15.0 7.72 38.9 44.6 16.6 155 160 76.4 76.9 .100 .112 7.68 41.9 45.2 12.9 8.68 32.6 30.0 25.0 12.5 341 338 347 77.7 75.3 76.5 .416 32.27 .400 30.12 .417 31.89 1912 1913 345 364 76.8 77.1 .417 31.99 .440 33.89 1910 1911 1912 339 335 347 76.6 74.5 75.8 .272 20.87 .263 19.62 .274 20.77 1912 1913 345 360 76.1 76.7 .275 20.98 .292 22.36 1910 1911 1912 393 394 414 76.5 73.9 75.4 .196 14.97 .185 13.67 .199 15.01 3.6 38.4 16.8 41.2 6.1 15.0 21.6 23.9 33.2 4.8 12.8 13.5 15.2 44.9 1912 1913 390 416 75.8 77.6 .200 15.17 .217 16.86 5.1 13.6 13.3 11.0 47.7 9.2 4.8 7.5 13.9 53.1 17.8 1910 1911 1912 30 29 29 76.2 73.5 75.8 .313 23.63 .313 23.11 .329 24.92 1912 1913 26 26 76.0 76.7 .326 24.80 .363 27.78 1910 1911 1912 47 44 46 75.3 73.7 75.3 .308 23.05 .304 22.32 .313 23.52 10.6 40.4 40.4 8.5 IS 6 31.8 50.0 4.5 13.0 26.1 52.2 8.7 1912 1913 50 52 76.5 77.6 .321 24.57 .352 27.26 12.0 16.0 64.0 8.0 7.7 11.5 61.5 19.2 1910 1911 1912 40 38 42 76.5 74.0 75.9 .217 16.49 .215 15.78 .223 16.86 20.0 15.0 35.0 15.0 15.0 31.6 *5.3 36.8 10.5 15.8 14.3 4.8 42.9 28.6 9.5 9 plants. 1912 1913 Ladle cranemen: 16 plants.... 1910 1911 1912 52 56 79.3 79.2 .228 18.00 .257 20.34 11.5 11.5 3.8 34.6 30.8 7.7 14.3 14.3 14.3 28.6 28.6 90 86 90 77.2 74.6 76.2 .294 22.76 .287 21.32 .317 24.22 1912 1913 88 90 76.0 77.2 .317 24.14 .341 26.34 17 plants.... 1912 1913 Door operators: 15 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 15 plants— 1912 1913 Melters’ helpers, first: 17 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 17 plants— Melters’ helpers, second: 17 plants— 17 plants.... Melters7helpers, third: 17 plants... 16 plants... Stopper setters: 10 plants... 8 plants.. . Steel pourers: 14 plants.. 15 plants.. Mold cappers: 8 plants... 17 plants... 5.6 5.5 2.7 47.9 35.6 8.2 5.6 13.9 36.1 30.6 8.3 5.6 2.8 22.2 69.4 5.6 2.8 19.4 72.2 5.3 26.3 55.3 13.2 1.8 1.2 3.5 36.4 49.6 10.6 8.3 39.9 42.3 7.7 4.9 30.3 50.4 13.3 .6 4.9 31.6 49.6 13.3 2.5 27.7 42.3 127.5 1.2 2.0 5.3 24.8 40.4 29.5 6.3 31.9 38.8 21.8 4.3 20.7 44.4 28.5 1.4 4.3 18.6 47.0 28.7 1.1 21.7 30.0 46.7 .3 8.7 2.9 33.3 13.3 46.7 31.0 i3.8 37.9!l0.3 17.2 27.6 27.6 27.6 6.7 6.9 7.7 38.5 30. J 23. 1 30.8 46.2 15.4 *7*7 6.7 5.8 22.2 21.1 43.3 6.7 2.3 16.3 39.5 27.9 8.1 6.7 7.8 85.6 6.8 8.0 8.9 1 Including 1.1 per cent earning 60 and under 70 cents per hour. .6 2.3 83.0 6.7 80.0 4.4 110 BULLETIN O f THE BUREAU 01’ LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Ingot strippers: 15 plants... Num ber of Year. em ploy ees. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver Aver age age age fifllfull 30 40 time 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 time rate of week Un and and and and and and and and and hours wages un un un un un per der un un un un ly per 10 der der der der der der der der der week. hour. earn 30 40 50 ings. cts. 12 14 16 18 20 25 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 41.3 21.7 21.7 31.4 13.7 21.6 19. 40. 12.2 32.7 1910 1911 1912 46 51 49 73.7 $0,275 $19.88 71.9 .256 18.06 72.4 .281 20.00 15 plants___ 1912 1913 55 61 72.9 74.5 .278 19.99 .296 21.85 1910 1911 107 110 77.3 74.4 .244 18.92 .248 18.40 15 plants.... 1911 1912 114 111 74.3 75.2 .247 18.32 .261 19.61 15 plants___ 1912 1913 Switchmen: 14 plants___ 1910 1911 117 114 75.8 76.8 .262 19.86 .293 22.50 109 113 77.3 74.5 .185 14.29 .187 13.90 11.032.1 31.2 25.7 5.3 25.7 46.0 23.0 15 plants___ 1911 1912 117 112 74.4 74.6 .186 13.85 .198 14.75 6.8 24.8 44.4 23.9 5.417.9 41.1 28.6 1912 1913 118 117 75.2 76.8 .199 14.92 .230 17.63 5.1 15.3 44.1 28.8 6.8 1.7 6.8 3.4 56.4 31.6 1910 1911 1912 1,038 806 897 74.5 73.2 74.4 .157 11.69 .161 11.78 .163 12.10 19.7 25.0 55.4 17.4 16.7 63.5 13.2 8.9 75.4 1912 1913 948 1,109 74.7 76.2 .164 12.21 .187 14.24 12.7 9.0 70.3 8.1 1.0 5.0 i.l 19.3 45.6 Engineers, loco motive: 14 plants— 15 plants... Laborers: 17 plants... 17 plants... 4.3 3.6 3.3 47.3 14.5 29.1 4. 55.7 26.2 1.9 48.6 36.4 1.8 40.9 51.8 3.5 5.6 1. 3.5 39.5 51.8 1.8 3.6 23.4 51.4 18.0 3.4 22.2 53.8 17.1 1.8 12.3 36.0 48.2 2.4 2.6 7.1 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. ill I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. T a b le [The abbreviation “ G. L. and M. W .” stands for “ Great Lakes and Middle West.” ] STOCKERS. Aver Aver age Num Aver age age full ber full rate Num time Year and dis ber of of time of week em trict. plants. ploy hours wages ly per earn per ees. week. hour. ings. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... 4 5 6 2 94 177 118 24 74.0 $0.149 $11.02 78.0 .186 14.45 77.9 .188 14.64 77.0 .140 10.74 Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W. Southern.......... 17 413 77.0 4 5 6 2 98 167 124 28 73.8 78.8 79.7 76.7 .171 .212 .202 .172 Total...... 17 417 77.8 .197 15.30 Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 10 cts. 10 and un der 12 cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 16 and and un un der der 16 18 cts. cts. 4 68 34 6 18 18 and un der 20 cts. 25 20 and and un un der . der 25 30 cts. cts. 22 73 60 30 24 30 26 10 8 .176 13.51 10 120 155 54 56 18 12.61 16.65 16.10 13.16 68 14 28 12 30 81 12 40 84 10 32 122 123 134 32 4 4 8 20 8 4 6 18 12 32 24 6 .... 6 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. STOCK CRANEMEN. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh ....... Southern.......... 8 78.0 $0,179 $13.89 3 34 78.2 .218 16.99 5 G. L. M. W. 80.3 .261 21.01 5 and26 4 78.0 .200 15.60 1 Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Southern.......... 14 72 78.9 .228 18.02 3 5 5 1 8 38 30 4 78.0 79.2 80.8 78.0 .194 .241 .246 .252 15.12 19.06 19.90 19.66 6 2 29 22 Total...... 14 80 79.6 .239 19.01 6 73.8 $0,226 $16.52 77.1 .319 24.64 76.0 .354 26.98 74.0 .306 22.63 4 4 4 7 8 4 2 53 19 2 2 8 6 CHARGING-MACHINE OPERATORS. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W . Southern.......... Total 4 5 6 2 14 •28 24 6 17 72 75.8 .312 23.67 4 5 6 2 14 30 26 6 73.8 79.6 79.4 74.0 .267 .321 .384 .351 17 76 78.0 .335 26.12 19.52 25.40 30.54 25.95 DOOR OPERATORS. 19 13. Eastern......... Pittsburgh... G.L.andM .W . Southern....... Total... 19 1 3 . Eastern......... Pittsburgh___ G. L.andM . W. Southern....... Total.. 74.6 $0,093 $6.84 75.6 .099 7.45 76.8 .104 8.04 82.8 .108 8.96 18 25 20 2 8 32 22 8 20 76.4 .100 7.68 65 70 20 26 74.6 60 75.2 64 78.6 10 82.8 .104 .103 .123 .119 7.75 7.74 9.74 9.90 18 28 ’ *32 4 16 2 24 8 20 .112 8.68 52 40 20 3 4 6 2 26 57 62 10 15 155 3 4 6 2 16 160 76.9 48 $ 22 24 6 2 14 52 4 6 12 2 4 18 14 6 10 20 42 10 50 and un der 60 cts. 112 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Continued. T a b le MELTERS* HELPERS, FIRST. Aver Num Aver age age ber full rate Year and dis Num of ber of em time of trict. plants. ploy hours wages per per ees. week. hour. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.and M .W . Southern.. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 10 cts. 10 and un der 12 cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 16 and and un un der der 16 18 cts. cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 74.8 $0,324 $24.15 76.5 .429 32.78 76.9 .436 33.47 82.9 .449 37.15 2 76.8 .417 31.99 2 74.4 76.2 78.7 82.9 .348 .465 .442 .499 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 15 2 4 5 6 2 52 153 118 22 Total , 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M .W . Southern.......... 17 345 4 5 6 2 60 160 122 22 25.79 35.38 34.56 41.35 3 6 Total...... 17 364 77.1 .440 33.89 9 17 40 and un der 50 cts. 35 40 28 6 50 and un der 60 cts. 99 58 14 12 32 2 109 171 46 55 20 24 2 2 80 154 66 32 14 6 101 154 1100 MELTERS' HELPERS, SECOND. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... Southern.......... Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L. and M. W. S outhern....... Total 52 72.9 $0,213 $15.52 4 5 154 75.7 .294 22.26 21.84 L.andM. . 6 G.117 76.9 W.284 2 22 82.4 .247 20.42 5 5 15 26 8 18 12 6 87 59 10 59 40 17 345 76.1 .275 20.98 15 64 162 99 4 5 6 2 58 160 120 22 72.8 75.7 78.8 82.4 .231 .317 .291 .284 16.82 23.92 22. 76 23.39 2 2 44 12 20 2 12 30 54 12 114 46 8 2 17 360 76.7 .292 22.36 4 78 108 168 2 15 28 93 77 16 12 24 186 36 80 119 22 44 30 12 221 74 12 8 2 .8 2 2 2 10 8 6 10 2 2 2 12 4 MELTERS' HELPERS, THIRD. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Southern.......... Total 3 5 6 2 33 180 129 48 74.1 $0,154 $11.39 75.3 .204 15.34 76.5 .217 16.64 76.8 .169 13.15 20 6 6 16 390 75.8 .200 15.17 20 53 52 43 3 5 6 2 31 184 149 52 75.0 77.9 79.4 72.7 .170 .226 .227 .186 12.82 17.56 17.99 13.53 21 10 48 20 10 16 416 77.6 .217 16.86 20 31 15 32 18 28 58 STOPPER SETTERS. 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Southern.......... Total 1913. Pittsburgh G.L.andM . W . Southern.......... Total 4 2 2 18 4 4 76.5 $0,321 $24.63 75.0 .338 25.50 75.0 .338 24.90 2 8 26 76.0 .326 24.80 2 4 2 2 18 4 4 77.5 75.0 75.0 .354 27.44 .364 27.45 .401 29.62 6 8j 26 76.7 .363 27.78 8 1Including 4 employees earning 60 and under 70 cents per hour. 2 2 2 113 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Continued. T a b le STEE L P O U R E R S. Aver Aver Num Aver age age age fiillber full Num time Year and dis ber of of time rate of trict. plants. em hours wages week ploy per per ly ees. week. hour. earn ings. 19 12. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W . Southern.......... Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L. andM. W . Southern.......... Total Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L. andM. W. Southern.. . . . . . Total Un der 10 cts. 10 and un der 12 cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 16 and and un un der der 16 18 cts. cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 3 5 5 2 6 22 16 6 73.8 $0,295 $21.38 76*8 .326 25.08 78.0 .334 26.13 74.0 .297 21.76 2 2 15 50 76.5 .321 24.57 3 5 5 2 6 24 16 6 73.8 78.1 79.5 74.0 .331 .348 .366 .349 24.24 27.13 29.21 25.62 15 521 77.fi .352 27.26 M OLD 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L. andM. W . Southern . . . . . Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 4 4 4 12 12 4 4 6 8 32 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 14 4 12 4 41 4 6 32 2 4 14 10 6 4 2 18 16 4 6 2 2 14 10 6 8 8 16 16 7 2 2 36 27 8 7 2 73 4 2 2 38 24 8 4 4 2 i 50 and un der 60 cts. 10 CAPPERS. 1 4 3 1 6 20 20 6 84.0 $0,170 $14.28 76.1 .260 19.75 81.6 .239 19.49 78.0 .140 10.92 6 6 9 52 79.3 .228 18.00 6 1 4 3 1 6 20 22 8 84.0 76.7 80.7 78.0 .190 .274 .289 .179 15.96 20.89 23.34 13.96 8 9 56 79.2 .257 20.34 8 6' 6 2 LA D L E C R A N E M E N . 19 12. Eastern .......... Pittsburgh....... G.L. andM. W . Southern . . . . Total...... 19 13. Eastern............ Pittsburgh.. G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... Total 4 5 6 2 15 36 29 8 73.5 $0,219 $16.12 76.1 .327 24.92 77.8 .348 27.04 73.5 .342 25.12 6 17 88 76.0 .317 24.14 6 4 5 6 2 14 38 30 8 74.1 78.2 78.4 73.5 .259 .338 .370 .386 19.21 26.37 29.08 28.35 8 17 90 77.2 .341 26.34 8 6 72 14 6 4 2 4 4 10 . . . . 4 2 3 26 8 16 3 1 2 18 6 8 2 11 3 2 5 1 3 34 16 6 IN G O T S T R IP P E R S . 1 9 12. Eastern Pittsburgh....... G.L. andM. W . Southern.......... Total...... 19 13. Eastern.......... Pittsburgh....... G. L. ana M. W. Southern. . . . . . Total 2 5 6 2 16 23 12 4 72.9 $0.221 $16.04 70.5 .324 22.44 77.0 .263 20.16 75.0 .285 21.20 2 15 55 72.9 .278 19.99 2 2 5 6 2 20 23 14 4 72.7 73.3 78.9 75.0 .244 .342 .287 .322 17.69 24.70 22.53 23.90 2 15 61 74.5 .296 21.85 2 83021°— Bull. 168— 15------ 8 114 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Concluded. T a b le ENGINEERS, LOCOMOTIVE. Aver Aver Num Aver age age age full ber full rate of time Year and dis Num of week ber of em time trict. plants. ploy hours wages ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. 1912. Eastern ....... Pittsburgh G. L.andM. W . Southern. . . . . . 4 4 5 2 18 56 22 21 Total...... 15 117 75.8 .262 19.86 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh.. G. L. andM. W . Southern ....... 4 4 5 2 18 56 22 18 73.3 77.8 79.6 74.0 .231 .312 .275 .319 Total ... 15 114 76.8 Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 10 cts. 10 and un der 12 cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 16 and and un un der der 16 18 cts. cts. 4 18 and un der 20 cts. 4 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 8 2 12 4 2 46 2 13 8 8 4 4 . 4 26 63 20 16.85 24.23 21.87 23.51 2 10 4 4 22 10 5 34 8 13 .293 22.50 2 2 14 41 55 8 4 4 40 8 14 10 10 4 4 52 34 8 4 10 36 16 4 18 6 13 8 4 66 37 70 73.3 $0,207 $15.08 75.4 .279 21.02 77.5 .262 20.31 77.1 .265 20.38 2 SWITCHMEN. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh . . . . G. L. andM. W . Southern . . . . . Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... Total 73.3 $0,165 $11.99 75.2 .195 14.66 77.5 .212 16.43 74.4 .225 16.62 6 75.2 .199 14.92 6 18 58 22 19 73.3 77.5 79.6 74.5 .190 .234 .234 .252 13.86 18.12 18.61 18.60 2 117 76.8 .230 17.63 2 4 4 5 2 18 58 22 20 15 118 4 4 5 2 15 6 18 8 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W . Southern.. . . . . . 4 5 6 2 113 436 354 45 61.3 $0,152 $9.27 75.8 .165 12.46 77.5 .170 13.13 76.0 .132 9.93 34 53 33 22 50 41 342 10 274 12 T ota l..... 17 948 74.7 .164 12.21 120 85 666 77 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... 4 5 6 2 10.49 14.90 14.84 10.93 11 41 161 101 24 20 41 82 91 292 21* .187 14.24 11 55 323 214 506 Total 113 63.1 535 78.5 406 77.3 55 73.5 17 1,109 76.2 30 and un der 40 cts. .168 .190 .193 .150 31 7 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 115 I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. T a b le (The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Num ber of Occupation, and number of plants. Year. em ploy- Stockers: 17 plants........................ 17 plants........................ Stock cranemen: 13 plants........................ 14 plants........................ Charging-machine operators: 17 plants........................ 17 plants........................ Door operators: 15 plants........................ 15 plants........................ Melters’ helpers, first: 17 plants........................ 17 plants........................ Melters’ helpers, second: 17 plants........................ 17 plants........................ Melters’ helpers, third: 17 plants........................ 16 plants........................ Stopper setters: 10 plants........................ 8 plants.......................... Steel pourers: 14 plants........................ 15 plants........................ Aver- Employees whose full-time hours per week were— 56 time 48 Over 48 and hours and and under per un 60 week. der. under 56 60 Over 60 and under 72 72 Over 72 and under 84 60 109 26 107 102 122 154 116 155 127 79 100 30 102 90 165 167 116 128 84 1910 1911 1912 448 76.8 419 74.4 403 76.6 1912 1913 413 417 77.0 77.8 1910 1911 1912 75 70 78.8 75.6 77.7 12 7 12 30 30 34 30 16 20 1912 1913 78.9 79.6 8 8 34 38 30 34 1910 1911 1912 76.8 74.7 75.5 25 18 28 20 24 18 22 12 16 1912 1913 75.8 78.0 26 12 18 24 18 30 13 1910 1911 1912 165 160 157 75.9 75.5 76.0 63 38 44 36 50 33 46 38 48 1912 1913 155 160 76.4 76.9 38 30 33 44 52 54 1910 1911 1912 341 338 347 77.7 75.3 76.5 75 72 82 136 164 191 106 44 66 1912 1913 345 364 76.8 77.1 10 72 60 191 200 74 94 1910 1911 1912 335 347 76.6 74.5 75.8 28 118 68 129 71 129 76 70 50 106 76 100 1912 1913 345 360 76.1 76.7 70 119 106 50 50 108 134 1910 1911 1912 393 394 414 76.5 73.9 75.4 141 144 126 116 142 192 106 30 68 1912 1913 390 416 75.8 77.6 110 108 196 166 76 138 1910 1911 1912 30 29 29 76.2 73.5 75.8 11 6 6 17 15 21 2 1912 1913 76.0 76.7 4 4 1910 1911 1912 75.3 73.7 75.3 23 12 14 8 18 14 11 4 8 1912 1913 76.5 77.6 12 10 14 24 14 16 2 2 20 22 ......... 116 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913— OPEN-HEARTH T a b le FURNACES—Continued. NUMBER—Concluded. Num ber of Occupation, and number of plants. Year. employ- Mold cappers: 8 plants................ Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Average full Over 56 Over Over time 48 60 72 hours and and and and 72 60 and 84 per un under under under week. der. under 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 40 38 42 76.5 74.0 75.9 22 10 12 6 16 14 12 4 8 1912 1913 52 56 79.3 79.2 4 6 14 28 26 22 1910 1911 1912 90 86 90 77.2 74.6 76.2 25 29 29 28 20 28 29 16 24 1912 1913 88 90 76.0 77.2 29 16 28 40 22 26 1910 1911 1912 46 51 49 73.7 71.9 72.4 14 32 34 8 10 10 11 2 2 1912 1913 55 61 72.9 74.5 38 28 10 18 4 12 1910 1911 107 110 77.3 74.4 39 25 22 48 40 28 9 15 plants.............. 1911 1912 114 111 74.3 75.2 43 16 22 22 40 64 9 9 15 plants.............. 1912 1913 117 114 75.8 76.8 16 16 12 17 78 58 11 23 1910 1911 109 113 77.3 74.5 7 41 24 22 48 40 30 10 15 plants.............. 1911 1912 117 112 74.4 74.6 45 18 22 32 40 52 10 10 15 plants.............. 1912 1913 118 117 75.2 76.8 18 18 22 17 66 58 12 24 1910 1,038 806 1911 1912 897 74.5 73.2 74.4 212 192 115 137 117 131 365 298 392 224 109 151 1912 948 1913 1,109 74.7 76.2 125 61 159 281 365 343 194 333 13.4 26.0 6.5 23.9 24.3 30.3 34.4 27.7 38.5 28.3 18.9 24.8 7.3 7.7 24.7 21.6 40.0 40.0 28.1 30.7 2.7 22.9 16.0 10.0 18.2 40.0 42.9 51.5 40.0 22.9 30.3 11.1 10.0 47.2 47.5 41.7 42.5 9 plants................ Ladle cranemen: 16 plants.............. 17 plants.............. Ingot strippers: 15 plants.............. 15 plants.............. Engineers, locomotive: 14 plants.............. Switchmen: 14 plants.............. Laborers: 17 plants.............. 17 plants.............. 21 PER CENT. Stockers: 17 plants.... 17 plants.... Stock cranemen: 13 plants__ 14 plants.... 1910 1911 1912 448 419 403 76.8 74.4 76.6 1912 1913 413 417 77.0 77.8 1910 1911 1912 75 70 66 78.8 75.6 77.7 1912 1913 72 80 78.9 79.6 3.1 1.3 1.4 WAGES AND HOUBS OP LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 117 T a b l e I I I ___ A V E R A G E A N D C L A S S I F I E D F U L L -T I M E H O U R S P E R W E E K IN T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S , B Y Y E A R S , 1910 TO 1913— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Continued. PER CENT—Continued. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Average ber full Over of Over time 48 Over 56 Occupation, and number of plants. Year. em48 72 60 hours and and and and 72 and 60 84 per un under under under week. der. under 60 72 56 84 Charging-machine operators: 17 plants............................ 17 plants.. Door operators: 15 plants___ 15 plants.. Melters’ helpers, first: 17 plants................ 17 plants.. Melters' helpers, second: 17 plants.............. — 17 plants.. Melters’ helpers, third: 17 plants.................. 16 plants.. Stopper setters: 10 plants...... 8 plants.... Steel pourers: 14 plants... 15 plants... Mold cappers: 8 plants__ 9 plants.. Ladle cranemen: 16 plants........ 17 plants___ Ingot strippers: 15 plants___ 15 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 73 72 72 76.8 74.7 75.5 8.2 25.0 13.9 34.2 25.0 38.9 27.4 33.3 25.0 30.1 16.7 22.2 1912 1913 72 76 75.8 78.0 13.9 13.2 36.1 15.8 25.0 31.6 25.0 39.5 1910 1911 1912 165 160 157 75.9 75.5 76.0 12.1 21.3 20.4 38.2 23.8 28.0 21.8 31.3 21.0 27.9 23.8 30.6 1912 1913 155 160 76.4 76.9 20.6 20.0 24.5 18.8 21.3 27.5 33.5 33.8 1910 1911 1912 341 338 347 77.7 75.3 76.5 7.0 17.2 2.3 22.0 21.3 23.6 39.9 48.5 55.0 31.1 13.0 19.0 1912 1913 345 364 76.8 77.1 2.3 2.7 20.9 16.5 55.4 54.9 21.4 25.8 1910 1911 1912 339 335 347 76.6 74.5 75.8 8.3 35.2 19.6 38.1 21.2 37.2 22.4 20.9 14.4 31.3 22.7 28.8 1912 1913 345 360 76.1 76.7 19.7 19.4 34.5 29.4 14.5 13.9 31.3 37.2 1910 1911 1912 394 414 76.5 73.9 75.4 7.6 19.8 6.8 35.9 36.5 30.4 29.5 36.0 46.4 27.0 7.6 16.4 1912 390 1913 4 16 75.8 77.6 2.1 1.0 28.2 26.0 50.3 39.9 19.5 33.2 1910 1911 1912 30 29 29 76.2 73.5 75.8 27.6 36.7 20.7 20.7 56.7 6.7 51.7 72.4 *'*6*9 1912 1913 26 26 76.0 76.7 15.4 15.4 76.9 84.6 7.7 1910 1911 1912 47 44 46 75.3 73.7 75.3 10.6 22.7 21.7 48.9 27.3 30.4 17.0 40.9 30.4 23.4 9.1 17.4 1912 1913 50 52 76.5 77.6 20.0 3.8 24.0 19.2 28.0 46.2 28.0 30.8 1910 1911 1912 40 38 42 76.5 74.0 75.9 21.1 19.0 55.0 26.3 28.6 15.0 42.1 33.3 30.0 10.5 19.0 1912 1913 52 56 79.3 79.2 15.4 7.7 10.7 26.9, 50.0 50.0 39.3 1910 1911 1912 90 86 90 77.2 74.6 76.2 8.9 24.4 10.0 27.8 33.7 32.2 31.1 23.3 31.1 32.2 18.6 26.7 1912 1913 76.0 77.2 10.2 8.9 33.0 17.8 31.8 44.4 25.0 28.9 1910 1911 1912 73.7 71.9 72.4 21.7 7.8 30.4 62.7 69.4 17.4 19.6 20.4 23.9 3.9 4.1 1912 1913 72.9 74.5 69.1 45.9 18.2 29.5 7.3 19.7 6.5 5.9 ......... ......... 6.1 5.5 4.9 118 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Num ber of Occupation, and number of plants. Year. em ploy- Engineers, locomotive: 14 plants............... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over Over time 48 Over 56 48 60 72 and hours and and and 60 72 and 84 per un under under under under week. der. 56 72 84 1910 1911 107 110 77.3 74.4 5.6 35.5 23.4 20.0 44.9 36.4 26.2 8.2 15 plants............... 1911 1912 114 111 74.3 75.2 37.7 14.4 19.3 19.8 35.1 57.7 7.9 8.1 15 plants............... 1912 1913 117 114 75.8 76.8 13.7 14.0 10.3 14.9 66.7 50.9 9.4 20.2 1910 1911 109 113 77.3 74.5 6.4 22.0 19.5 44.0 35.4 27.5 8.8 15 plants............... 1911 1912 117 112 74.4 74.6 38.5 16.1 18.8 28.6 34.2 46.4 8.5 15 plants.............. 1912 1913 118 75.2 117 76.8 15.3 15.4 18.6 14.5 55.9 49.6 10.2 20.5 1910 1911 1912 806 74.5 73.2 74.4 2.8 4.3 5.7 0.8 6.1 6.8 5.8 20.4 23.8 12.8 13.2 14.5 14.6 35.2 37.0 43.7 21.6 13.5 16.8 1912 948 1913 1,109 74.7 76.2 5.4 3.2 .4 1.2 5.3 3.9 13.2 5.5 16.8 25.3 38.5 30.9 20.5 30.0 Switchmen: 14 plants............... Laborers: 17 plants.............. 17 plants............. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 119 I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEsK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FUR NACES. T a b le STOCKERS. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Year and district. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 4 5 6 2 Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over 56 Over Over time 48 72 48 60 and and hours and and and un 72 84 60 per un un der un un week. der. der der der 60 72 84 56 94 74.0 177 78.0 118 77.9 24 77.0 30 Total................................... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern....................................... 17 413 77.0 30 4 5 6 2 98 167 124 28 73.8 78.8 79.7 76.7 32 Total................................... 17 417 77.8 32 44 48 10 133 24 8 20 44 46 6 102 165 116 32 12 133 24 10 20 34 68 6 90 167 128 46 STOCK CRANEMEN. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 3 5 5 1 8 34 26 4 78.0 78.2 80.3 78.0 Total................................... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . Southern...................................... 14 72 78.9 3 5 5 1 8 38 30 4 78.0 79.2 80.8 78.0 Total................................... 14 80 79.6 4 * 4 22 8 4 8 34 4 4 12 14 30 4 12 18 4 26 8 4 8 38 8 14 4 12 4 2 26 18 8 4 18 4 2 12 24 30 “ ‘ 30’ 17 14 2 10 16 18 8 38 33 52 22 28 14 2 10 8 28 8 30 44 54 34 CHARGING-MACHINE OPERATORS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 4 5 6 2 Total................................... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 17 Total................................... 17 * 14 73.8 28 77.1 24 76.0 6 74.0 72 75.8 10 10 4 8 6 18 V? 4 5 6 2 14 73.8 30 79.6 26 79.4 6 74.0 10 76 10 78.0 4 12 14 DOOR OPERATORS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . Southern..................................... . 3 4 6 2 26 57 62 10 74.6 75.6 76.8 82.8 8 24 Total................................... 1913. Eastern............. ........................... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 15 155 76.4 32 3 4 6 2 26 74.6 60 75.2 64 78.6 10 82.8 8 24 Total.............................. 15 160 76.9 32 8 8 120 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. X V.—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913— OPEN-HEARTH FUR T a b le NACES— C o n tin u e d . MELTERS* HELPERS, FIRST. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . Southern....................................... Aver Num age Num ber of full ber of em time 48 plants. ploy hours and ees. per un week. der. 4 5 6 2 Total................................... 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 17 Total................................... 17 4 5 6 2 Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 60 Over 60 and un der 72 52 74.8 153 76.5 118 76.9 22 82.9 8 345 Over 72 and un der 84 72 14 84 58 20 141 24 6 10 12 36 16 8 72 191 74 60 74.4 160 76.2* 122 78.7 22 82.9 10 18 42 22 148 24 6 10 12 56 16 364 10 60 200 94 20 24 6 10 46 36 16 50 108 20 24 6 10 52 56 16 50 134 69 26 166 24 6 10 14 36 16 110 196 76 76.8 77.1 MELTERS* HELPERS, SECOND. 1912. 4 5 6 2 52 154 117 22 72.9 75.7 76.9 82.4 28 40 14 48 57 Total............................ ..... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern....................................... 17 345 76.1 68 119 4 5 6 2 58 72.8 160 75.7 120 78.8 22 82.4 30 40 18 48 40 Total................................... 17 360 76.7 70 106 Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern....................................... • MELTERS* HELPERS,, THIRD. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 3 5 6 2 33 180 129 48 74.1 75.3 76.5 76.8 8 Total................................... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 16 390 75.8 8 3 5 6 2 31 184 149 52 75.0 77.9 79.4 72.7 4 Total................................... 16 416 77.6 4 15 17 10 48 80 45 46 136 24 6 108 166 138 STOPPER SETTERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern....................................... 4 2 2 18 4 4 76.5 75.0 75.0 16 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total................................... 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern....................................... 8 26 76.0 4 20 4 2 2 18 77.5 4 75.0 4 75.0 2 2 18 2 2 Total................................... 8 26 4 22 76.7 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— OPEN-HEARTH FURNACES. 121 I V .—A V E R A G E AN D CLASSIFIED FU LL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K IN EACH Y E A R , B Y DISTRICTS. 1912 AN D 1913— OPEN-HEARTH FUR T a b le NACES—Continued. Year and district. 1912. STEEL POURERS. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age Over 56 Over Over full 48 72 60 time 48 and and and hours and and un 72 84 60 un un per un un der der week. der. der der 60 56 72 84 3 5 5 2 6 92 16 6 73.8 76.8 78.0 74.0 2 8 Total................................... 1913. Eastern ....................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern............ ......................... 15 50 76.5 10 3 5 5 2 6 24 16 6 73.8 78.1 79.5 74.0 2 Total................................... 15 52 77.6 2 Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 2 6 4 8 4 2 12 14 2 2 6 6 14 2 6 8 4 4 18 4 2 10 24 16 8 6 4 16 MOLD CAPPERS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est,.. Southern....................................... 1 4 3 1 6 20 20 6 84.0 76.1 81.6 78.0 8 8 Total........ ......................... 1913. Eastern. ..................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 9 52 79.3 1 4 3 1 6 20 22 8 84.0 76.7 80.7 78.0 Total................................... 9 56 79.2 4 6 4 14 26 6 20 6 8 16 28 22 73.5 76.1 77.8 73.5 18 4 8 10 76.0 28 22 6 LADLE CRANEMEN. 1912. Eastern...................................... Pittsburgh................................. Great Lakes and Middle West. Southern................................... Total................................ 1913. Eastern...................................... Pittsburgh................................ Great Lakes and Middle West. Southern................................... 17 Total................................ 17 14 74.1 78.2 78.4 73.5 90 77.2 4 8 14 16 40 38 10 26 INGOT STRIPPERS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . Southern....................................... 72.9 70.5 77.0 75.0 Total................................... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 15 Total............................... 15 55 72.9 72.7 73.3 78.9 75.0 74.5 12 122 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—OPEN-HEARTH FUR NACES—Concluded T a b le ENGINEERS, LOCOMOTIVE. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. 1912. Aver Num age Num ber of full ber of em time 48 plants. ploy hours and ees. per un week. der. Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 60 Over 60 and un der 72 Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 4 4 5 2 18 56 22 21 73.3 75.4 77.5 77.1 14 2 Total................................... 15 117 75.8 16 Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. .. Southern....................................... 4 4 5 2 18 56 22 18 73.3 77.8 79.6 74.0 14 2 Total................................... 15 114 76.8 16 1913. 72 Over 72 and un der 84 84 4 8 4 54 8 16 6 1 12 78 11 4 13 46 8 4 4 8 10 1 17 58 23 8 14 54 8 4 6 2 22 66 12 4 13 46 8 4 4 8 10 2 18 17 58 24 SWITCHMEN. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 4 4 5 2 18 73.3 58 75.2 22 77.5 20 74.4 14 4 Total....................... .......... 15 118 75.2 18 Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 4 4 5 2 18 73.3 58 77.5 22 79.6 19 74.5 14 4 Total................................... 15 1913. 117 76.8 4 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... 4 5 6 2 113 61.3 436 75.8 354 77.5 45 76.0 51 Total................................... 17 948 74.7 113 535 406 55 17 1,109 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Southern...................................... Total................................... 4 5 6 2 4 25 10 3 12 25 75 25 2 25 130 2 10 309 38 8 13 158 23 51 4 50 125 159 365 194 63.1 78.5 77.3 73.5 35 10 3 10 5 8 20 41 3 17 2 103 172 4 15 284 36 8 137 173 23 76.2 35 13 43 61 281 343 333 BLOOMING MILLS. SUMMARY. Summary figures relating to the blooming-mill department of the iron and steel industry are given with figures for other departments in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explanation of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages or earnings per hour of employees in the principal occupations in blooming mills was from 11.7 per cent to 19.2 per cent higher than in any one of the three years preceding, and despite the fact that the average full-time hours per week were 1 per cent lower than at the beginning of the four-year period this very marked increase in rates of wages was so reflected in full-time earnings per week that the average earnings in 1913 were 17.9 per cent higher than in 1910, 16.6 per cent higher than in 1911, and 11.4 per cent higher than in 1912. The most significant facts concerning the several blooming-mill occupations which are covered in this section of the report are sum marized in the table following. Data are presented for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, the figures set opposite each group of years being for i#fentical plants. The data for 1913 represent 998 blooming-mill employees in the 12 occupations covered, and were obtained from 19 plants having 22 blooming mills in operation. Referring to the first occupation presented, laborers, direct com parison can be made of data for 19 identical plants for 1910 to 1912, inclusive, and for a second group of 19 plants for 1912 and 1913. The first line of the table is read as follows: In 1910, the 19 blooming mills from which reports were obtained employed 449 laborers whose average full-time hours of work were 74.1 per week. For 16.2 per cent of the 449 laborers the full-time hours per week were over 48 and under 72; for 53.9 per cent, 72 per week; for 5.6 per cent, over 72 and under 84; and for 24.3 per cent, 84 hours per week. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of laborers in the year considered (1910) was $0,162. Of the total number, 10 per cent received 12 and under 14 cents per hour; 13.4 per cent, 14 and under 16 cents; and 76.6 per cent, 16 and under 18 cents per hour. The average full-time weekly earnings were $11.97. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in 19 plants the average full-time weekly earnings of laborers were $11.97 in 1910. 123 124 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . In 1911 there was an advance to $12.02, and in 1912 a further advance to $12.13. In the second group of 19 plants the full-time weekly earnings were $12.08 in 1912 and $13.53 in 1913. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 of the several occupations, it is seen that the lowest average was that of laborers, which was $13.53, and the highest that of rollers, which was $45.11. In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver Aver Num age age ber full rate Occupation, and num Year. of time of 12 14 16 18 20 Over Over em ber of plants. 48 48 72 wages and and and and and ploy hours per and and 72 and 84 per un un un un un ees. week. un un un hour. der der der der der der. der der 14 16 18 20 25 72 84 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Laborers: 19 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 449 363 396 16.2 53.9 5.6 24.3 10.162 10.0 13.4 76.6 74.1 $11.97 73.7 ....... 14.4 59.0 8.8 17.9 .163 12.4 8.| 79.3 . . . . ....... 12.02 14.1 56.6 11.1 18.2 .164 10.4 73.8 88.9 12.13 19 plants............... 1912 1913 344 352 16.2 50.0 12.8 20.9 74.0 73.4 ....... 19.9 54.0 11.6 14.5 .163 11.9 1.5 86.6 .184 2.6 9.7 17.6 54*5 i O * 12 and un der 16 cts. Bottom makers’ help ers: 12 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 30 and 40 un cts. der and 40 over. cts. 70.3 12.8 78.7 19.5 65.2 *i0.*9 70.3 70.4 ........ 19.5 60.9 15.2 8.5 4.3 4.3 .251 8.5 17.0 48.9 25.5 .243 8.7 15.2 54.4 21.7 .257 4.3 13.0 56.6 26.1 ........ 17.23 16.83 17.84 4.0 7.3 .257 4.0 12.0 60.0 24.0 .276 21.8 36.4 41.8 17.95 19.33 50 55 70.6 70.8 12.0 60.0 24.0 10.9 56.4 25.5 100 96 93 70.9 69.5 70.1 3.0 17.0 56.0 10.0 14.0 3.1 24.0 58.3 12.5 2.1 24.8 62.4 10.8 2.2 1912 1913 99 1D1 70.2 23.2 64.6 10.1 70.5 ....... 20.8 55.4 23.8 2.0 .218 14.0 35.0 42.0 9.0 15.15 .217 13.5 26.0 57.3 3.1 ....... 14.90 .237 1.1 31.2 49.4 18.3 16.44 .230 3.0 33.3 48.5 15.2 15.93 .259 1.0 25.8 47.5 24.8 **i.o 18.07 16 and un der 20 cts. Bottom makers: 16 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 60 55 58 70.5 70.8 70.9 ........ 13.3 80.0 16.4 67.3 " i'.i 15.5 69.0 8.6 15 plants.............. 1912 1913 56 60 71.4 71.4 ........ 14.3 64.3 10.7 10.7 16.7 60.0 13.3 10.0 20 and un der 30 cts. 47 46 46 13 plants............... 1912 1913 Shearmen’s helpers: 18 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 18 plants.............. 16 and un der 20 cts. 12.08 13.53 6.7 7.3 6.9 20 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and 50 un cts. der and 50 over. cts. .335 3.3 40.0 26.7 26.7 .331 3.6 23.6 47.3 25.5 .347 3.4 25.8 36.2 34.5 3.3 23.26 23.24 24.44 .346 3.6 30.4 30.4 35.7 24.50 .384 133.3 15.0 45.0 **6*7 27.28 125 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLOOMING MILLS. AV ER AG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF W AG ES PER H OUR, AND AVER AG E FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF T H E PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS—Continued. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver Aver Num age age ber full rate of time Occupation, and num Year Over Over of 16 20 30 40 em ber of plants. 72 48 and and and and 50 hours ploy- per and and and 84 per un un un un cts. 72 un week. un un hour. der der der der and der der. der 20 30 40 50 over. 84 72 cts. cts. cts. cts. Heaters’ helpers: 11 plants___ 11 plants__ Shearmen: 19 plants___ 19 plants___ Table men: 13 plants___ 12 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 73.4 73.5 73.5 20.6 35.3 26.5 17.6 $0,344 20. 35.3 17.6 26.5 .363 20.6 35.3 17. 26.5 .354 44.2 23.517.6 8.8 $24.62 29.4 32.420.6 11.8 26.71 23.5 i. 5 44.1 ----- 25.58 1912 1913 67.9 67.2 38.0 32.0 12.0 18.0 36.5 38.5 15.4 16.0 50.0 30.0 27.0 30.821.2 1910 1911 1912 70.0 69.4 69.5 .352 .390 8.3 4.3 4.3 6.3 20.85 50.0 43.8 .303 20.96 .306 8.7 30.4 50.0 10.9 32.6 45.7 17.4 *4*3 .328 1912 1913 5.8 17.3 65.4 7.7 5.8 17.3 57.7 19.2 3.8 .319 3.8 32.7 44.2 15.4 3.8 21.93 30. 36.5 21.2 11.5 24.80 .363 1910 1911 1912 8.3 19.4 55. 5.6 11.1 34.2 48. 11.4 5.7 34.2 48.6 11.4 5.7 .271 16.7 55. 19.4 .254 22.8 51.4 25.7 .285 14.3 45.8 31.4 8.6 8.3 18.03 17.05 19.00 36.4 45.5 12.1 32.3 54.8 12.9 12.1 45.4 33.3 9.1 .316 6.5 38.8:32.3 12.9 19.24 9.7 20.95 68.5 68.0 1912 1913 Manipulators: 19 plants... 19 plants... Roll engineers: 18 plants... 19 plants... 6.1 30 and un der 40 cts. 19 plants.. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and 60 un cts. der and 60 over. cts. 1910 1911 1912 68.4 11.5 19.3 55.8 5.8 67.9 6.3 29.2 50.0 10.4 66.6 12.8 46.8 10. 7.7 4.2 4.3 .350 .5 23.1 .6 27.1 27.1 27.7 29.8 23.4 5.8 24.21 23.26 10.6 24.94 1912 1913 12.2 24.4 49.0 10.2 11.8 27.5 47.1 13.7 4.1 26.5 4 7 .432 15.7 37.3 21.6 10.2 24.92 17.7 27.60 1910 1911 1912 1912 1913 95 69.6 68.8 68.7 29.3 50.5 33. 49.5 37.2 46.4 4.0 16.2 6.3 10.5 6.2 10.3 .315 >.4 34.3 52.2 .309 41.1 54.7 4.2 35.0 50.5 14.4 21.41 21.01 22.33 71.6 71.4 25.2 47.4 16. 10.5 20.2 54.5 20.2 5.1 .319 42.1 43.2 14.7 .373 10.1 45.5 44.4 22.63 26.48 11.9 40.5 35.7 4.8 10.0 57.5 17.5 15.0 58.5 4.9 31.7 27.12 26.66 28.65 1910 1911 1912 70.9 7.1 16.6 45.2 16.7 14.3 70.9 7.5 20.0 37.5 20.0 15.0 69.2 14.6 19.5 31.7 19.5 14.6 .428 1912 1913 68.4 13.0 21.7 23.9 32.6 68.0 13.0 21.7 28.3 .437 4.3 52.2 4.3 28.3 10.9 28.79 37.0 17.4 15.2 30.4 32.04 .491 8.7 4.3 30 40 and and un un der der 40 50 cts. cts. Heaters: 19 plants.. 23.63 26.01 6.3 14.6 58.3 12.5 6.5 19.5 60.9 8.7 6.5 19.5 60.9 8.7 20 and un der 30 cts. Pit cranemen: 18 plants... Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 73.4 73.3 73.0 1910 1911 1912 1912 1913 55 53 9.8 60. 7.8 21.6 16.3 51.0 12.2 20.4 15.1 58.5 7.5 18.9 72.9....... 14.6 60.0 7.3 18.2 73.2'....... 15.1 50.9 15.1 18.9 .521 .512 .556 50 and un der 60 cts. and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. .4 45.1 13.7 3.9 37.88 34.7 44.9 4.1 8.2 37.50 26.4 43.4 15.1 15.1 40.42 .552 . . . . U 41.8 14.5 14.5 40.14 .6 0 4 .... 22.6 34.0 18.9 24.5 44.18 126 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, and num Year. of em ber of plants. ploy ees. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per Aver per week were— hour were— Aver Aver age age age full full rate time 30 time of 40 Over 50 60 Over 72 wages and and and and 70 week hours 48 48 ly per and and 72 and 84 per un un un un cts. earn un week. un un hour. der der der der and ings. 40 50 60 70 over. der. der der cts. cts. cts. cts. 72 84 Rollers: 18 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 46 41 42 6.5 $0,605 67.6 13.0 17.4 63.0 34.8 23.9 23.9 17.4 $40.00 .585 66.6 7.3 29.2 58.5 *4.9 . . . . . 26.8 31.7 29.3 12.2 38.49 65.0 14.3 28.6 52.4 4.8 ....... .652 . . . . 16.7 31.0 16.7 35.7 41.41 19 plants............... 1912 1913 46 46 65.9 13.0 26.0 52.2 8.7 66.2 13.0 26.0 47.8 13.0 ....... .632 4.3 19.6 28.3 15.2 32.6 40.53 .703 4.3 8.7 23.9 19.6 43.5 45.11 To aid in making a comparison of the actual data for the four years, which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period, relative or index numbers have been computed from the averages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupation from 1910 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table follow ing. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent which the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of pit cranemen in 1910 were 81.9, as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of pit cranemen in 1910 were 81.9 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occupation in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. The table following also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913, as compared with each specified year preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of pit cranemen in 1913 were 22.1 per cent higher than in 1910, 24.4 per cent higher than in 1911, and 17 per cent higher than in 1912. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of pit cranemen in 1911 were 1.8 per cent lower than in 1910, 6.3 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 17 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The other occupations and items of the table ean be studied in like manner. The percentages of increase and decrease are computed from the relative numbers. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLOOMING MILLS. 127 R E LATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PE R HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE, IN SPECIFIED YEA R S, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BLOOMING MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Occupation and year. Pit cranemen: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Heaters: 1910... . 1911... . 191 2 191 3 Heater’s helpers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Bottom makers: 1910............................ 1911... . 191 2 191 3 Bottom makers’ helpers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Roll engineers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Rollers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Manipulators: 191 0 191 1 191 2 1913............................ Table men: 191 0 191 1 191 2 1913............................ Shearmen: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Shearmen’s helpers: 191 0 191 1 1912... . 1913............................ Laborers: 1910........................... 1911........................... 191 2 191 3 Relar tive full time hours per week. Rela tive rate of per hour. - 1 .2 - .1 - .3 82.1 80.6 85.5 100.0 +21.8 +24.1 +17.0 + .4 - .1 - .4 + .4 85.6 84.2 91.4 100.0 +16.8 +18.8 + 9.4 100.9 101.0 101.0 100.0 - .9 -1 .0 - 1 .0 + .1 -1 .0 87.7 92.6 90.3 100.0 +14.0 + 8.0 +10.7 99.4 99.9 100.0 100.0 + .6 + .1 C1) + .5 + .1 0) 87.0 85.9 90.1 100.0 +14.9 +16.4 +11.0 f .l + .3 90.9 88.0 93.1 100.0 +10.0 +13.6 + 7.4 81.5 80.1 89.0 100.0 +22.7 +24.8 +12.4 - 1 .4 - 2 .5 + .5 83.4 80.7 89.9 100.0 +19.9 +23.9 +11.2 -1 .9 - .5 84.1 80.6 89.8 100.0 +18.9 +24.1 +11.4 +14.5 +22.2 + 8.9 —1>. 7 87.3 81.8 91.8 100.0 81.2 82.0 87.9 100.0 +23.2 +22.0 +13.8 81.7 81.3 88.8 100.0 +22.4 +23.0 +12.6 87.5 88.0 88.6 100.0 +14.3 +13.6 +12.9 101.6 100.4 100.3 100.0 100.1 100.0 99.6 100.0 99.7 100.0 -1 .6 - .4 - .1 + .4 + .4 + .3 103.1 103.1 100.6 100.0 -3 .0 - 3 .0 1«3.5 102.0 99.5 100.0 - 3 .4 - 2 .0 + .5 103.2 102.4 100.5 100.0 -3 .1 -2 .3 - .5 101.6 100.7 100.7 100.0 -1 .6 - .7 - .7 101.0 100.1 100.3 100.0 -1 .0 - .1 - .3 100.7 98.7 99.6 100.0 - .7 +1.3 + .4 101.2 100.7 100.8 100.0 -1 .2 - .7 - 2 .4 + .2 -2 .0 + .9 + .4 - .5 + .1 i No change. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Each Each tive speci full 1913 as speci fied fied com time year weekly year pared as as with with com com each each pared pared speci with speci with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. Each speci fied year as com pared with year pre ceding. 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - 1913 as com- - 1.8 + 6.1 +17.0 81.9 80.4 85.5 100.0 +22.1 +24.4 +17.0 - 1.6 + 8.6 + 9.4 85.1 84.3 90.9 100.0 +17.5 +18.6 +10.0 + 5.6 - 2.5 +10.7 87.4 94.9 90.8 100.0 +14.4 + 5.4 +10.1 - 1.3 + 4.9 +11.0 85.5 85.4 89.8 100.0 +17.0 +17.1 +11.4 - 3.2 + 5.8 + 7.4 89.7 87.6 92.9 100.0 +11.5 +14.2 + 7.6 - 1.7 +11.1 +12.4 85.1 83.6 89.9 100.0 +17.5 +19.6 +11.2 -3 .2 +11.4 +11.2 86.8 83.5 89.8 100.0 +15.2 +19.8 +11.4 - 4.2 +11.4 +11.4 87.6 84.2 90.3 100.0 +14.2 +18.8 +10.7 - 6.3 +12.2 + 8.9 87.1 82.4 91.8 100.0 +14.8 +21.4 + 8.9 + 1.0 + 7.2 +13.8 82.3 82.8 88.4 100.0 +21.5 +20.8 +13.1 - .5 + 9.2 +12.6 81.2 79.9 88.2 100.0 +23.2 +25.2 +13.4 + .6 + •7 +12.9 88.1 88.5 89.3 100.0 +13.5 +13.0 +12.0 - 1.8 + 6.3 +17.0 + 7.8 +10.0 + 8.6 - 4.3 +10.1 - .1 + 5.2 +11.4 - 2.3 + 6.1 + 7.6 - 1.8 + 7.5 +11.2 + 7.5 +11.4 - 3.9 + 7.2 +10.7 - 5.4 +11.4 + 8.9 + .6 + 6.8 +13.1 - 1.6 +10.4 +13.4 + .5 + .9 +12.0 128 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the blooming-mill department as a whole, as determined by a combination of the data for the several principal productive occupa tions which are covered in this section of the report. The method of computing the figures of this table is explained on page 23. From the table following, under “ weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the department as a whole in 1910 were 84.8 as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1910 were 84.8 per cent of such earn ings in 1913. The relative increased to 85.8 in 1911, to 89.8 in 1912, and to 100 in 1913, the base year. The next column shows that full-time weekly earnings in 1912 were 17.9 per cent higher than in 1910, 16.6 per cent higher than in 1911, and 11.4 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column under “ weekly earnings” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time weekly earnings each year as com pared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings in 1911 were 1.2 per cent higher than in 1910, in 1912, 4.7 per cent higher than in 1911, and in 1913, 11.4 per cent higher than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour can be read in like manner. RELA TIV E FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, A LL OCCUPATIONS—BLOOMING MILLS. Wages per hour. Hours per week. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Year. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Rela tive full time hours per week. 101.0 100.4 100.4 100.0 Each 1913 as speci fied comyear as with com each pared speci with fied year year. pre- - 1 .0 - .4 - .4 -0 .6 (l) - .4 Weekly earnings. Rela tive rate of Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - per hour. Rela tive Each Each speci full 1913 as fied 1913 as speci time fied com com year weekly pared year pared earn as as with with com ings. com each each pared pared speci speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 83.9 84.8 89.5 100.0 +19.2 +17.9 +11.7 84.8 + 1.1 + 5.5 +11.7 89.8 100.0 +17.9 +16.6 +11.4 + 1.2 + 4.7 +11.4 i No change. In considering weekly earnings it should be remembered that a re duction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings just as an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase them. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the department must be considered; that is, the change in the relative number of employees WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BLOOMING MILLS. 129 in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occu pations or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higherpaid ones would tend to lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would tend to increase the average. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in blooming-mill plants whose customary working time per week was 5 days or turns, or 6 days, or 7 days, or variations thereof, are shown in the following table. The heading “ 5 days and 6 days alternately” indicates that the plants were running 6 days and 5 nights each week, being shut down for one day and a half each week, and that the employees reported under this heading worked 6 days one week and 5 nights the next. The heading “ 6 days and 7 days alternately” indicates that the plants were not in opera tion half a day in each week, the employees reported working 6 turns one week and 7 turns the next week. The figures are presented for each district and for the four districts combined. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W ORKING EACH SPECI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EEK, B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913— BLOOMING MILLS. 83021°— Bull. 168— 15------ 9 130 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W ORKING EACH SPECI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS PE R W E E K , B Y Y EA R S, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS— Concluded. Number of employees whose cus tomary working time per week was— Num 5 ber days District, and num Year. of and em ber of plants. 6 ploy 5 6 ees. days. d a p days. ternateiy. Southern: 2 plants.......... 1910 1911 1912 86 75 72 76 2 plants.......... 1912 1913 89 Total: 19 plants......... 1910 1,064 1911 948 1912 988 1*9 plants......... 1912 1913 975 998 Per cent of employees whose cus tomary working time per week was— 6 6 5 6 6 days days days, days days, 6 and and days, and days, 6 7 5 days 6 d a7p and 7 7 d a p and days. days. 7 days. 7 al- days. days days terterter- in in natenate- rota nate- rota iy. iy* tion. iy- tion. 1 1 61 49 55 12 12 25 13 4 1.3 1.4 70.9 65.3 16.0 76.4 16.7 29.1 17.3 5.6 1 1 57 69 14 14 4 5 1.8 1.1 75.0 18.4 77.5 15.7 5.3 5.6 186 149 161 .1 .1 6.6 5.5 4.7 65.6 10.3 63.5 15.2 64.0 15.0 17.5 15.7 16.3 165 120 .1 .1 4.9 5.0 60.7 9.9 63.6 12.0 1 1 70 52 46 698 602 632 no 144 148 1 1 48 50 592 635 97 120 72 72 7.4 7.2 16.9 12.0 In addition to the text tables in the summary, four general tables are presented for the blooming-mill department, as follows: Table I.— Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classi fied rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table IV .—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. In Tables I and III, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are sum marized in the text table on pages 124 to 126. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I to IV, inclusive, and in the table of relative numbers, follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments, reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended explana tion see page 17. Figures for each geographical division for each preceding year, back to 1910, corresponding to those given for 1912 and 1913 in Tables II and IV, and descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report, were given in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau, but have been omitted from the present report. 131 WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOB— BLOOMING MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS. T a b le [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Pit cranemen: 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of hours wages week ly per per earn week. hour. ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 99 95 97 69.6 $0,315 $21.41 68.8 .309 ?1.01 68.7 .328 32.33 21 9 7 22 30 27 34 52 49 22 4 14 19 plants___ 1912 1913 Heaters: 19 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 95 99 71.6 71.4 .319 32.63 .373 36.48 13 7 27 3 41 45 14 44 51 49 53 73.4 73.3 73.0 .521 37.88 .512 37.50 .556 40.42 4 4 15 17 14 23 22 23 7 2 8 2 4 8 19 plants___ 1912 1913 Heaters’ helpers: 11 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 55 53 72.9 73.2 .552 40.14 .604 44.18 16 12 23 18 8 10 8 13 34 34 34 73.4 73.5 73.5 .344 34.62 .363 26.71 .354 35.58 2 2 2 4 4 5 11 6 3 8 11 9 6 7 15 3 50 52 67.9 67.2 .352 23.63 .390 26.01 2 5 3 3 11 25 16 15 11 60 55 58 70.5 70.8 70.9 .335 23.26 .331 23.24 .347 24.44 2 2 2 10 6 10 14 7 5 16 26 21 16 14 20 15 plants___ 1912 1913 Bottom makers’ helpers: 12 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 56 60 71.4 71.4 .346 24.50 .384 27.28 2 10 6 7 14 17 9 20 27 47 46 46 70.3 70.3 70.4 .251 17.23 .243 16.83 .257 17.84 4 4 2 8 7 6 15 9 9 8 16 17 12 10 12 13 plants___ 1912 1913 Roll engineers: 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 50 55 70.6 70.8 .257 17.95 .276 19.33 2 6 2 *'io 9 3 21 17 12 23 42 40 41 70.9 70.9 69.2 .392 27.12 .385 26.66 .428 28.65 5 4 17 23 24 15 7 2 2 6 13 3 19 plants___ 1912 1913 Rollers: 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 46 46 68.4 68.0 .437 28.79 .491 32.04 2 24 17 2 8 13 7 5 11 3 46 41 42 67.6 66.6 65.0 .605 40.00 .585 38.49 .652 41.41 16 11 7 11 13 13 11 12 7 8 5 15 19 plants___ 1912 1913 Manipulators: 19 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 46 46 65.9 66.2 .632 40.53 .703 45.11 2 2 9 4 13 11 9 15 20 52 48 47 68.4 67.9 66.6 .365 24.21 .350 23.26 .390 24.94 4 5 3 16 14 10 15 13 14 12 13 11 2 3 4 3 19 plants___ 1912 1913 49 51 66.8 66.5 .388 24.92 .432 27.60 3 3 10 5 16 19 11 11 4 4 5 6 Table men: 13 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 36 35 35 69.3 68.7 68.7 .271 18.03 .254 17.05 .2R5; 19.00 6 6 *2 4 1 10 9 8 10 9 8 7 9 11 3 12 plants___ 1912 1913 33 31 68.5 68.0 .290 19.24 .316 20.95 4 2 7 10 8 2 11 10 3 4 11 plants___ 1912 1913 Bottom makers: 16 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 4 11 2 4 3 3 2 5 3 132 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913-BLOOMING MILLS—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. emplants. ploy- Shearmen: 19 plants.. Aver- Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of hours wages week ly per per earn week. hour ings. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 69.8 69.6 .319 21.93 24.80 100 96 70.9 69.5 70.1 .218 15.15 .217 14.90 .237 16.44 14 12 1 18 17 20 18 plants___ 1912 1913 101 70.2 70.5 .230 15.93 .259 18.07 3 1 24 12 1910 1911 1912 449 363 396 74.1 73.7 73.8 .162 11.97 .163 12.02 .164 12.13 60 30 3 344 288 352 1912 1913 344 352 74.0 73.4 .163 12. .184 13.53 5 34 19 plants... 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 11 1910 1911 1912 Laborers: 19 plants. . 18 and un der 20 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 70.0 $0,303 $20.85 69.4 .306 20.96 69.5 .328 1910 1911 1912 19 plants___ 1912 1913 S h e a r m e n ’; helpers: 18 plants... Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 11 17 20 62 192 55 . PER CENT. Pit cranemen: 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 99 95 97 69.6 $0,315 $21.41 68.8 .309 21.01 68.7 .328 22.33 21.2 22.2 34.3 22.2 9.5 31.6 54.7 4.2 7.2 27.8 50.5 14.4 19 plants___ 1912 1913 95 99 71.6 71.4 .319 22.63 .373 26.48 13.7 28.4 43.2 14.7 7.1 3.0 45.5 44.4 1910 1911 1912 51 49 53 73.4 73.3 73.0 .521 37.88 .512 37.50 .556 40.42 7.8 29.4 45.1 13.7 3.9 8.2 34.7 44.9 4.1 8.2 26.4 43.4 15.1 15.1 19 plants.... 1912 1913 Heaters’ help ers: 11 plants.... 1910 1911 1912 55 53 72.9 73.2 .552 40.14 .604 44.18 29.1 41.8 14.5 14.5 22.6 34.0 18.9 24.5 34 34 34 73.4 73.5 73.5 .344 24.62 .363 26.71 .354 25.58 1912 1913 50 52 67.9 67.2 .352 23.63 .390 26.01 4.0 10.0 6.0 50.0 30.0 5.8 21.2 30.8 21.2 21.2 1910 1911 1912 60 55 58 70.5 70.8 70.9 .335 23.26 .331 23.24 .347 24.44 3.3 16.7 23.3 26.7 26.7 3.610.9 12.7 47.3 25.5 3.4 17.2 8.6 36.2 34.5 15 plants___ 1912 1913 Bottom makers’ helpers: 12 plants... 1910 1911 1912 56 60 71.4 71.4 .346 24.50 ....... .384 27.28 3.6 17.9 12.5 30.4 35.7 10.0 23.3 15.0 45.0 47 46 46 70.3 70.3 70.4 .251 17.23 .243 16.83 .257 17.84 8.5 17.0 8.7 15.2 4.3 13.0 1912 1913 50 55 70.6 70.8 4.0 12.0 18.0 42.0 24.0 3.6 i8.*2 5.5 30.9 41.8 1910 1911 1912 42 70.9 40 70.9 41 69.2 .257 17.95 .276 19.33 .392 27.12► .385 26.66 .428 28.65 1912 1913 46 46 68.4 68.0 .437 28.79\ . 491i 32.04I .. Heaters: .19 plants__ 11 plants— Bottom makers: 16 plants... 13 plants... Roll engineers: 18 plants... 19 plants___ 5.9 11.8 32.4 23.5 17.6 5.9 11.8 17.6 32.4 20.6 5.9 14.7 8.8 26.5 44.1 *.:*.: i 1 i . . . J ....... 8.8 11.8 3.3 6.7 31.9 17.0 25.5 19.6 34.8 21.7 19.6 37.0 26.1 11.9 40.5 35.7 4.8 7.1 10.0 57.5 17.5 15.0 58.5 4.9 31.7 4.9 4.3 52.2 4.3 28.3 10.9 37.0 17.41 15.2123.9 **6.5 133 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — B L O O M IN G M I L L S . I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy- Rollers: 18 plants... 1910 1911 1912 Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time of time hours wages week ly per per earn week, hour. ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts, 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts, 34 23.9 23.9 17.4 6.8 31.7 29.3 12.2 16.7 31.0 16.7 35.7 67. $0,605 $40.00 66. .585 38.49 .652 41.41 65. 19 plants----- 1912 1913 65.9 66.2 40.53 .703 45.11 1910 1911 1912 68.4 67.9 66.6 .365 24.21 .350 23.26 24.94 1912 1913 66.5 24.92 .432 27.60 1910 1911 1912 69.3 68.7 68.7 .271 18.03 .254 17.05 .285 19.00 16.7 17.1 11.4 27.8 27. 19.4 . 8 .3 . 25.7 25.7 25.7. 22.9 22.9 31.4 8.6 . 1912 1913 .290 19.24 .316 20.95 12.1. 6.5 . .21.2 24.2 33.3 9.1 .32.3 6.5 32.3 12.9 9.7 . 1910 1911 1912 20.85 .306 20.96 .328 22.39 22.9 27.1 43.8 8.7 15.2 15.2 50.0 10.9 15.2 17.4 45.7 17.4 19 plants___ 1912 1913 S h ea rm en ’ s helpers: 18 plants----- 1910 1911 1912 69.6 .319 21.93 24.80 3.8 17.3 15.4 44.2 15.4 3.8 . 21.2 36.5 21.2 11.5. 100 70.9 96 69.5 93 70.1 .218 15.15 .217 14; 90 .237 16.44 Manipulators: 19 plants---- 19 plants— Table men: 13 plants— 12 plants... Shearmen: 19 plants... 18 plants... Laborers: 19 plants... 19 plants— 4.3 19J 28.3 15.2 32.6 4.3 8.7 23.9 19.6 43.5 7.7 30. 28.8 23.1 . 10.4 29.2 27.1 27.1 6.4 21.3 29.8 23.4 5.9 14.0 18.0 17.0 26.0 16.0 9.0 . 1.0 12.5 17.7 8.3 30.2 27.1 3.1 . 1.1 21.5 9.7 29.0 20.4 18.3. 3.0 24.2 9.1 29.3 19.2 15.2. 1.0 11.9 13.9 19.8 27.7 24.8 1.0. 1912 1913 101 70.2 70.5 .230 15.93 .259 18.07 1910 1911 1912 449 363 396 74.1 73.7 73.8 .162 11.97 10.0 13.4 76.6. .163 12.02 12.4 8.3 79.3 . .164 12.13 10.4 1912 1913 344 352 74.0 73.4 .163 12.08 11.9 1.5 .184 13.53 2.6 20.4 32.7 22.4 37.3 21.6 3.8 6.3 8.5 10. ( 8.2 10.2. 7.8 11.8 5.9 6 .3 . 4. 3 134 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLOOMING MILLS. T a b le [The abbreviation “ G. L. and M. W .” stands for “ Great Lakes and Middle W est/'! PIT CRANEMEN. Year and district. 1912. Eastern............ ....... G. L.andM .W . Southern.......... Aver Aver Aver age Num age age full Num ber of full rate time ber of em time of plants. ploy hours wages week ly ees. per per earn week. hour. ings. 14 3 8 46 Pittsburgh 6 29 2 6 Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 68.7 $0,283 $19.25 69.3 .331 22.75 76.1 .304 22.98 74.0 .380 27.96 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 6 6 1 4 9 14 2 23 14 2 2 8 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over cts. 4 Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L .andM .W . Southern.......... 19 95 71.6 .319 22.63 13 27 41 14 3 8 6 2 14 46 31 8 68.7 69.7 74.7 73.5 .326 .378 .368 .440 21.94 26.21 27.46 32.15 4 2 1 1 2 6 25 12 2 4 18 16 6 Total...... 19 99 71.4 .373 26.48 7 3 45 44 HEATERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . Southern.......... 3 8 6 2 6 21 24 4 75.4 $0,541 $40.15 69.5 .612 42.70 74.5 .497 36.82 78.0 .584 46.61 2 4 9 1 2 7 13 1 2 5 1 Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L .andM .W . Southern.......... 19 55 72.9 .552 40.14 16 23 8 8 3 8 6 2 6 21 22 4 75.4 69.6 75.3 78.0 .605 .661 .536 .681 2 2 7 1 6 11 1 2 6 2 2 7 2 2 Total...... 19 53 73.2 .604 44.18 12 18 10 13 44.88 46.25 40.11 54.58 ! I ---- i........ 5 1 2 HEATERS’ HELPERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . Southern.......... 3 5 2 1 14 29 5 2 75.9 $0,372 $28.21 61.0 .353 21.21 84.0 .240 20.16 72.0 .490 35.28 2 1 4 3 8 16 1 6 7 T otal...., 19 13. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . Southern.......... 11 50 67.9 .352 23.63 2 5 3 25 15 3 5 2 1 14 31 5 2 75.9 61.7 74.4 72.0 .397 .393 .282 .564 30.02 24.05 21.05 40.61 3 6 1 4 15 1 Total...... 11 52 67.2 .390 26.01 3 11 2 4 7 4 5 16 11 11 4 3 9 5 3 19 1 7 17 20 4 2 8 5 21 6 4 27 4 2 BOTTOM MAKERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Southern.......... Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Southern.......... T otal.... 2 1 7 5 2 2 32 17 5 65.5 $0,227 $14.87 70.2 .401 28.06 73.4 .273 19.90 74.4 .288 21.19 15 56 71.4 .346 24.50 1 7 5 2 4 32 18 6 65.5 69.8 74.7 74.0 .297 .440 .318 .338 19.45 30.72 23.76 24.78 4 2 15 60 71.4 .384 27.28 6 = ■■■ 2 6 2 2 10 = = 14 '" 'I 9 = = 135 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BLOOMING MILLS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLOOMING MILLS—Continued. T a b le BOTTOM MAKERS' HELPERS. Year and district. 1912. Pittsburgh. ... G.L.andM W. Southern.......... Aver Aver Aver age Num age age full Num ber of full rate time ber of em time of week plants. ploy hours wages ly ees. per per earn week. hour. ings. 7 4 2 34 11 5 13 50 Total...... 1913. 34 Pittsburgh....... 7 G. L. and4M. W15 . Southern.......... 2 6 Total 13 55 Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 68.9 $0,281 $19.17 74.2 .212 15.64 74.4 .200 14.75 2 2 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 2 4 70.6 .257 17.95 68.9 73.6 74.0 .302 20.64 .234 17.11 .238 17.47 2 70.8 .276 19.33 2 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 3 3 3 17 4 9 21 12 2 8 *3 13 19 4 6.... 10 3 ..... 17 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 12 23 ROLL ENGINEERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Southern.......... Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . Southern___ Total.. 19 6 24 13 3 69.3 $0,385 $26.43 62.6 .485 28.94 77.1 .367 28.18 76.0 .455 34.92 4 10. 46 68.4 '.437 28.79 24 24 13 3 62. 75.2 76.0 .415 .540 .431 .513 68.0 .491 32.04 19 13 28.19 31.92 32.35 39.36 17 ROLLERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Southern.......... 3 8 6 2 6 24 13 3 69.3 $0,493 $33.42 60.5 .705 41.52 73.0 .548 39.99 72.0 .683 49.18 2 Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . Southern.......... 19 46 65.9 .632 40.53 2 3 8 6 2 6 24 13 3 69.3 60.5 73.9 72.0 .499 .792 .616 .777 33.75 46.37 45.52 55.92 2 Total...... 19 46 66.2 .703 45.11 4 4 1 9 2 4 2 7 6 1 12 1 2 13 7 15 2 4 3 2 5 5 1 2 4 11 9 15 3 2 20 MANIPULATORS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . Southern,......... Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . Southern.......... Total 3 8 6 2 6 24 16 3 69.3 $0,343 $23.48 60.5 .457 26.51 74.4 .299 22.23 72.0 .408 29.35 3 2 2 5 1 2 7 7 2 6 1 2 4 5 19 49 66.8 .388 24.92 3 10 16 11 4 5 3 8 6 2 8 24 16 3 68.3 60.5 73.6 72.0 .360 .512 .347 .446 24.25 29.46 25.64 32.14 2 3 3 4 9 5 1 6 5 19 51 66.5 .432 27.60 3 19 11 5 2 6 3 6 3 2 4 136 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLOOMING MILLS—Concluded. T a b le TABLE MEN. Year and district. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . Southern.......... Aver Aver Num Aver age age age full ber full rate time Num of ber of em time of plants. ploy hours wages week ly per earn ees. per hour. week. ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 2 5 3 2 6 16 7 4 68.5 $0,312 $21.21 63.8 .338 20.91 77.3 .201 15.62 72.0 .221 15.88 2 .... 2 Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . Southern.......... 12 33 68.5 .290 19.24 4 .... 2 5 3 2 4 16 7 4 71.1 63.8 73.9 72.0 .270 .385 .221 .249 Total...... 12 31 68.0 .316 20.95 18.91 24.22 16.38 17.93 2 2i 2 5 25 and un der 30 cts. 2 4 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 4 7 3 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 7 8 11 3 2 1 7 2 2 6 4 3 10 2 10 4 3 2 SHEARMEN. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . Southern......... 3 8 6 2 6 28 13 5 69.3 $0,325 $22.72 67.1 .318 20.71 74.8 .303 22.65 72.0 .360 25.95 2 6 3 1 2 4 1 5 12 4 2 4 2 2 2 Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.anaM. W . Southern.......... 19 52 69.8 .319 21.93 2 9 8 23 8 2 3 8 6 2 6 28 13 5 69.3 67.3 73.9 72.0 .382 .358 .352 .396 26.19 23.24 26.12 28.50 i 8 3 2 2 1 2 4 3 2 5 1 Total...... 19 52 69.6 .363 24.80 1 11 5 11 - 6 41 9| 4, 2 19 SHEARMEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.anaM. W . Southern.......... Total...... 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.anaM. W . Southern.......... Total__ 2 8 6 2 10 53 28 8 66.4 $0,235 $15.74 68.3 .242 16.27 74.7 .217 16.12 72.0 .185 13.29 18 99 70.2 .230 15.93 2 8 6 2 10 55 28 8 66.4 68.7 75.2 72.0 .261 .275 .243 .203 18 101 70.5 1 2 6 4 15 6 4 4 15 3 1 12 10 1 3 24 9 29 19 15 17.26 18.69 18.14 14.58 11 2 1 4 8 4 4 4 18 6 2 17 6 1 1 10 2 .259 18.07 1 12 14 20 28 25 1 12 33 **7i 17 121 4 43 8 62 192 55 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . Southern.......... 3 8 6 2 23 143 150 28 64.8 $0.141 $9.05 73.3 .169 12.40 76.1 .167 12.70 73.7 .131 9.65 28 Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . Southern.......... 19 344 74.0 .163 12.08 41 3 8 6 2 22 147 146 37 65.7 73.8 74.0 73.6 .163 .192 .191 .140 10.65 14.20 14.10 10.30 9 28 Total...... 19 352 73.4 .184 13.53 9 34 12 1 5 6 142 150 5 298 6 9 6 137 W A G E S A N D H O U R S O F L A B O R — B L O O M IN G M I L L S . I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS. T a b le [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Occupation, and number of plants. Pit cranemen: Heaters: 19 plants__ ________________ Heaters' helpers: Bottom makers: Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of Over Over 48 Over 56 Year. em time 48 60 72 and and and ploy hours 60 and 72 and 84 per under un ees. week. der. under 60 under under 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 99 95 97 69.6 68.8 68.7 18 18 18 11 14 18 50 47 45 4 6 6 16 10 10 1912 1913 95 99 71.6 71.4 6 6 18 14 45 54 16 20 10 5 1910 1911 1912 51 49 53 73.4 73.3 73.0 3 3 3 1 1 2 4 4 31 25 31 4 6 4 11 10 10 1912 1913 55 53 72.9 73.2 3 3 1 1 4 4 33 27 4 8 10 10 1910 1911 1912 34 34 34 73.4 73.5 73.5 3 3 3 4 4 4 12 12 12 9 6 6 6 9 9 1912 1913 50 52 67.9 67.2 15 15 4 4 16 20 6 8 9 5 1910 1911 1912 60 55 58 70.5 70.8 70.9 6 6 6 2 3 3 48 37 40 5 5 4 4 4 56 71.4 60 71.4 6 6 2 4 36 36 6 8 6 6 47 70.3 46 70.3 46 70.4 6 6 6 3 3 37 30 28 5 7 4 2 2 70.6 70.8 6 6 30 31 12 14 2 4 15 plants................................. 1912 1913 Bottom makers’ helpers: 12 plants*................................. 1910 1911 1912 13 plants................................... 1912 1913 Roll engineers: 18 plants..... ............................. 1910 1911 1912 50 55 19 plants................................... 1912 1913 Rollers: 18 plants................................... 1910 1911 1912 19 plants................................... 1912 1913 Manipulators: 19 plants................................... 1910 1911 1912 19 plants................................... 1912 1913 Table men: 13 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 42 70.9 40 70.9 41 69.2 3 3 6 3 3 3 4 5 5 19 15 13 7 8 8 6 6 6 46 46 68.4 68.0 6 6 6 6 4 4 11 13 15 15 4 2 46 41 42 67.6 66.6 65.0 6 3 6 3 6 6 5 6 6 29 24 22 2 2 46 65.9 46 66.2 6 6 6 6 6 6 24 22 4 6 52 68.4 48 67.9 47 66.6 6 3 6 3 6 6 7 8 6 29 24 22 3 5 5 4 2 2 49 51 66.8 66.5 6 6 6 6 6 8 24 24 5 7 2 36 35 35 69.3 68.7 68.7 3 3 6 6 4 6 0 20 17 17 2 4 4 4 2 2 33 31 68.5 68.0 6 6 6 4 15 17 4 4 2 3 12 plants.................................. 1912 1913 Shearmen: 19 plants................................... 1910 1911 1912 48 70.0 46 69.4 46 69.5 3 3 3 3 i 3 3 .................... 4 6 6 28 28 28 6 4 4 4 2 2 19 plants................................... 1912 1913 52 69.8 52 69.6 3 3 3 ' 6 6 34 30 4 10 2 1 138 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS— Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Shearmen’ s helpers 18 plants.......... 18 plants.......... Laborers: 19 plants.......... 19 plants.......... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of time 48 Over 56 Over Over Year. em 48 60 72 hours and and and 72 ploy- per un and under 60 and 84 under under under week. der. 60 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 100 70.9 96 69.5 93 70.1 1912 1913 101 70.2 70.5 1910 1911 1912 449 363 396 74.1 73.7 73.8 214 224 109 65 72 1912 1913 344 352 74.0 73.4 172 190 72 51 14 2 2 PER CENT. Pit cranemen: 18 plants.................. 19 plants.................. Heaters: 19 plants.................. 19 plants.................. Heaters’ helpers: 11 plants.................. 11 plants.................. Bottom makers: 16 plants.................. 15 plants.................. Bottom makers’ helpers: 12 plants.................. 13 plants.................. Roll engineers: 18 plants.................. 19 plants.................. Rollers: 18 plants......... . — 19 plants.................. 11.1 14.7 18.6 50.5 49.5 46.4 4.0 6.3 6.2 16.2 10.5 10.3 18.9 14.1 47.4 54.5 16.8 20.2 10.5 5.1 51 49 53 69.6 18.2 68.8 18.9 68.7 ......... 18.6 ......... 71.6 6.3 71.4 ......... 6.1 ......... ......... 73.4 5.9 73.3 ....... ; 6.1 2.0 73.0 ......... 5.7 1.9 3.9 8.2 7.5 60.8 51.0 58.5 7.8 12.2 7.5 21.6 20.4 18.9 1912 1913 55 53 72.9 73.2 5.5 5.7 7.3 7.5 60.0 50.9 7.3 15.1 18.2 18.9 1910 1911 1912 34 34 34 73.4 73.5 73.5 8.8 8.8 8.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 35.3 35.3 35.3 26.5 17.6 17.6 17.6 26.5 26.5 1912 1913 50 52 67.9 67.2 30.0 2a 8 8.0 7.7 32.0 38.5 12.0 15.4 18.0 9.6 1910 1911 1912 60 55 58 70.5 10.0 70.8 10.9 70.9 ......... 10.3 3.3 5.5 5.2 80.0 67.3 69.0 9.1 8.6 6.7 7.3 6.9 1912 1913 56 60 71.4 10.7 71.4 ......... 10.0 ......... ......... 3.6 6.7 64.3 60.0 10.7 13.3 10.7 10.0 1910 1911 1912 47 46 46 70.3 12.8 70.3 ......... 33.0 70.4 ......... 13.0 6.5 6.5 78.7 65.2 60.9 10.9 15.2 8.5 4.3 4.3 1912 1913 50 55 70.6 70.8 60.0 56.4 24.0 25.5 4.0 7.3 1910 1911 1912 42 40 41 70.9 70.9 69.2 7.1 7.5 14.6 7.1 7.5 7.3 9.5 12.5 12.2 45.2 37.5 31.7 16.7 20.0 19.5 14.3 15.0 14.6 1912 1913 46 46 68.4 68.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 8.7 8.7 23.9 28.3 32.6 32.6 8.7 4.3 1910 1911 1912 46 41 42 67.6 66.6 65.0 13.0 7.3 14.3 6.5 14.6 14.3 10.9 14.6 14.3 63.0 58.5 52.4 4.9 4.8 1912 1913 46 46 65.9 66.2 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 52.2 47.8 8.7 13.0 1910 1911 1912 99 95 97 1912 1913 95 99 1910 1911 1912 1.8 4.9 12.0 10.9 6.5 139 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOB— BLOOMING MILLS. T a b l e I I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—BLOOMING MILLS— Concluded. PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of Manipulators: 19 plants.......... 19 plants.......... Table men: 13 plants.......... 12 plants.......... Shearmen: 19 plants.......... 19 plants.......... Shearmen’s helpers: 18 plants.......... 18 plants.......... Laborers: 19 plants.......... 19 plants........ Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full 1 Over of time Over 48 Over 56 Year. em 48 60 72 and and and 60 ploy hours and 72 and 84 un per under ees. week. der. under 60 under under 56 84 72 1910 1911 1912 52 48 47 68.4 67.9 66.6 11.5 6.3 12.8 5.8 12.5 12.8 13.5 ......... 16.7 ......... 12.8 55.8 50.0 46.8 5.8 10.4 10.6 7.7 4.2 4.3 1912 1913 49 51 66.8 66.5 12.2 11.8 12.2 11.8 12.2 ......... 15.7 49.0 47.1 10.2 13.7 4.1 1910 1911 1912 36 35 35 8.3 69.3 68.7 68.7 ........ 8.3 17.1 17.1 11.1 17.1 ......... 17.1 55.6 48.6 48.6 5.6 11.4 H.4 11.1 5.7 5.7 1912 1913 33 31 68.5 68.0 18.2 19.4 18.2 ......... 12.9 45.5 54.8 12.1 12.9 6.1 1910 1911 1912 48 46 46 70.0 69.4 69.5 6.3 6.5 6.5 6.3 6.5 6.5 8.3 13.0 13.0 58.3 60.9 60.9 12.5 8.7 8.7 8.3 4.3 4.3 1912 1913 52 52 69.8 69.6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 11.5 ......... 11.5 65.4 57.7 7.7 19.2 3.8 1910 1911 1912 100 96 93 70.9 3.0 69.5 3.1 70.1 ......... 9.0 9.4 9.7 8.0 14.6 15.1 56.0 58.3 62.4 10.0 12.5 10.8 14.0 2.1 2.2 1912 1913 99 101 70.2 70.5 9.1 8.9 ......... 14.1 11.9 64.6 55.4 10.1 23.8 2.0 1910 1911 1912 449 363 396 74.1 73.7 . . . . . . 73.8 ......... .7 1.1 1.5 2.4 3.9 3.0 13.1 9.4 9.6 53.9 59.0 56.6 5.6 8.8 11.1 24.3 17.9 18.2 1912 1913 344 352 74.0 73.4 ......... 1.7 1.1 3.5 2.6 11.0 16.2 50.0 54.0 12.8 11.6 20.9 14.5 140 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLOOMING MILLS. T abi#e PIT CRANEMEN. Year and district. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full time 48 Over 56 Over Over 72 hours and 48 60 and 60 per and and 72 and 84 un under under week. der. under under 60 72 84 56 3 8 6 2 14 46 29 6 68.7 69.3 76.1 74.0 Total................................... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West__ Southern....................................... 19 95 71.6 6 18 3 8 6 2 14 46 31 8 68.7 69.7 74.7 73.5 6 10 4 Total................................... 19 99 71.4 6 14 3 2 2 10 8 6 22 19 4 4 10 2 10 45 . 16 10 26 22 6 4 10 4 2 5 54 20 5 2 2 2 HEATERS. 1912. Eastern................... . Pittsburgh ........................ Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 6 2 6 21 24 4 75.4 69.5 74.5 78.0 Total............ . 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . Southern....................................... 19 55 72.9 3 8 6 2 6 21 22 4 75.4 69.6 75.3 78.0 Total................................... 19 53 73.2 1 3 1 4 2 2 3 1 3 1 4 14 19 5 3 33 4 10 12 15 2 4 2 2 27 8 5 3 10 HEATERS' HELPERS. 1912. Eastern........................... . Pittsburgh . .. . . . . . . . . . . . Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern....................................... 3 5 2 1 14 29 5 2 75.9 61.0 84.0 72.0 15 Total................................... 1913. Eastern ..................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern .. ............... . 11 50 67.9 15 3 5 2 1 14 31 5 2 75.9 61.7 74.4 72.0 15 Total................................... 11 •52 67.2 15 4 14 6 4 5 2 4 16 4 14 4 2 4 6 6 2 9 4 1 20 8 5 18 15 3 4 4 2 36 6 6 20 12 4 2 4 2 4 2 36 8 6 BOTTOM MAKERS. 1912. Eastern ....................... Pittsburgh ............... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . Southern....................................... Total ................................ 1913. Eastern.. . ......... Pittsburgh ................. Great Lakes and Middle W est.. ......................... Southern Total ................................ 1 7 5 2 2 32 17 5 65.5 70.2 73.4 74.4 6 15 56 71.4 6 1 7 5 2 4 32 18 6 65.5 69.8 74.7 74.0 6 15 60 71.4 6 2 2 2 4 4 141 WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOR— BLOOMING MILLS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLOOMING MILLS— Continued. T a b le BOTTOM MAKERS' HELPERS. Year and district. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West__ Southern....................................... Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over time 48 Over 56 Over 48 72 60 hours and and and 72 and 84 per un and under 60 week. der. under 60 under under 56 72 84 7 4 2 34 11 5 68.9 74.2 74.4 6 18 9 3 10 Total................................... 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 13 50 70.6 6 30 12 7 4 2 34 15 6 68.9 73.6 74.0 6 18 13 10 4 2 2 Total................................... 13 55 70.8 6 31 14 4 4 6 1 2 8 3 2 4 11 15 4 4 8 1 2 8 3 2 2 1 15 2 10 11 3 2 24 4 2 2 2 ROLL ENGINEERS. 1912. Eastern . ............ Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 8 6 2 6 24 13 3 69.3 62.6 77.1 76.0 6 6 4 Total................................... 1913. Eastern . . .......... . Pittsburgh................................ . Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern................................ . 19 46 68.4 6 6 3 8 6 2 6 24 13 3 69.3 62.8 75.2 76.0 6 6 Total................................... 19 46 68.0 6 6 4 4 4 ROLLERS. 1912. Eastern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern . ................. 3 8 6 2 6 24 13 3 69.3 60.5 73.0 72.0 6 6 4 2 .................. 1913. Eastern .............. Pittsburgh . ............ Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern ...................... . 19 46 65.9 6 6 6 3 8 6 2 6 24 13 3 69.3 60.5 73.9 72.0 6 6 4 2 Total................................... 19 46 66.2 6 6 6 6 4 2 Total 2 2 10 9 3 4 22 6 MANIPULATORS. 1912. Eastern .......................... ............ Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern . .................. 3 8 6 2 6 24 16 3 69.3 60.5 74.4 72.0 6 ............ ............... 19 49 66.8 6 6 6 1913. Eastern ................................... Pittsburgh ................................ Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 3 8 6 2 8 24 16 3 68.3 60.5 73.6 72.0 6 6 6 2 Total................................... 19 51 66.5 6 Total 6 8 2 10 11 3 3 2 24 5 2 2 10 11 3 5 24 7 142 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BLOOMING MILLS— Concluded. T a b le TABLE MEN. Year and district. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. 1912. Eastern .................................. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West__ Southern....................................... Total................................... 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . Southern....................................... Total................................... . Number of Aver age Over full 48 time 48 hours and and per un un week. der. der 56 employees whose full-time hours per week were— 56 and un der 60 60 Over 60 and un der 72 2 5 3 2 6 16 7 4 68.5 63.8 77.3 72.0 6 4 2 12 33 68.5 2 5 3 2 12 6 6 4 71.1 16 63.8 7 73.9 4 72.0 6 2 2 31 6 4 68.0 72 Over 72 and un der 84 84 2 8 3 4 15 2 2 4 2 2 8 5 4 2 17 4 20 9 5 2 2 34 4 2 SHEARMEN. 1912. Eastern ............................. . Pittsburgh .................................. Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 3 8 6 2 6 28 13 5 69.3 67.1 74.8 72.0 3 3 4 2 Total................................... 1913. Eastern . ............................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern ............................. 19 52 69.8 3 3 6 Total................................... 19 3 8 6 2 6 69.3 28 67.3 13 73.9 5 72.0 3 3 4 2 69.6 3 3 6 52 16 9 5 2 2 4 4 30 10 38 18 8 8 2 64 10 2 SHEARMEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Eastern . ................. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern ........................... . 2 8 6 2 10 53 28 8 66.4 68.3 74.7 72.0 9 Total................................... 1913. Eastern .................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern...................................... 18 99 70.2 9 14 2 8 6 2 10 55 28 8 66.4 68.7 75.2 72.0 9 8 4 Total................................... 18 101 70.5 9 12 8 6 34 14 8 2 2 8 14 56 24 71 80 21 2 19 17 6 2 21 48 1 172 44 72 68 93 29 2 22 11 6 2 22 25 2 190 41 51 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern ...................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . Southern....................................... 3 8 6 2 23 143 150 28 64.8 73.3 76.1 73.7 6 Total................................... 1913. Eastern ............................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Southern....................................... 19 344 74.0 3 8 6 2 22 147 146 37 Total ................................. 19 352 5 3 4 8 29 1 6 12 38 65.7 73.8 74.0 73.6 4 5 4 9 35 13 73.4 4 9 57 PLATE MILLS. SUMMARY. Summary figures relating to the plate-mill department of the iron and steel industry are given with figures for other departments in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explanation of the scope of the investigation and the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages or earnings per hour of employees in the principal productive occupations in plate mills was from 9.2 per cent to 16.8 per cent higher than in any one of the three years preceding, and as the average full-time hours per week were also higher, the average full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 14 per cent higher than in 1910, 18.3 per cent higher than in 1911, and 9.8 per cent higher than in 1912. The most significant facts concerning the several plate-mill occu pations which are covered in this section of the report are summar ized in the table following. Data are presented for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, figures for identical plants being grouped to gether. The data for 1913 represents 1,256 plate-mill employees in the 16 occupations covered, and were obtained from 11 plants having 18 mills in operation. Referring to the first occupation, laborers, direct comparison can be made of data for 11 identical plants for 1910 to 1912, inclusive, and for a second group of 11 plants for 1912 and 1913. The first line of the table is read as follows: In 1910 the 11 plate mills for which reports were obtained employed 355 laborers whose average full-time hours of work were 66.8 per week. For 25.1 per cent of the 355 laborers the full-time hours per week were 60 and under; for 58 per cent, over 60 and under 72; for 9.9 per cent, 72; for 0.6 per cent, over 72 and under 84; and for 6.5 per cent the working hours were 84 per week. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of laborers in the year considered (1910) was $0,159. Of the total number, 17.7 per cent received 12 and under 14 cents per hour; 10.1 per cent, 14 and under 16 cents; 71.3 per cent, 16 and under 18 cents; and 0.8 per cent, 18 and under 20 cents per hour. The average full-time weekly earnings were $10.68. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in 11 plants the average full-time weekly earnings of laborers were $10.68 in 1910. In 1911 there was a drop to $10.51, and in 1912 an increase to $11.04. In the second group of 11 plants the average was $11,17 in 1912 and 143 144 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. $12.62 in 1913. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 in the several occupations, it is seen that the lowest average was that of laborers, which was $12.62, while with but two excep tions the average full-time weekly earnings for the remaining 15 occupations were from 50 to over 350 per cent higher, the highest being the average for rollers, sheared-plate mills, which was $49.21, In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PE R HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Occupation, and number of plants. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— AverNum ber a t of time Over Over Year. em 72 60 60 hours ploy per and and and 84 72 ees. week. un un un der. der der 72 84 Laborers: 11 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 11 plants.............. 1912 1913 Per cent of employees whose earnings per Aver hour were— Aver age age full rateof 12 14 16 18 time wages and and and and 20 week per un iy un un cts. hour. der un der der der and earn ings. 14 16 18 20 over. cts. cts. cts. cts. 355 274 287 66.8 25.1 58.0 9.9 66.2 25.5 51.8 18.2 68.3 25.4 44.9 16.7 0.6 6.5 $0,159 17.7 10.1 71.3 0.8 . . . . . $10.68 ....... 10.51 3.3 1.1 .158 23.7 9.5 66.8 7.0 15.9 .160 26.1 7.3 65.2 i.*4 ....... 11.04 339 349 68.9 21.5 36.3 31.0 69.3 22.3 35.5 32.4 5.9 25.4 3.2 36.6 .161 22.1 9.4 65.5 2.9 11.17 24.9 23.2 19.8 *32.*i 12.62 .181 16 20 30 Un and and and 40 der un un un cts. 16 der der der and cts. 20 30 40 ova:. cts. cts. cts. Heaters’ helpers: 10 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 111 108 101 69.5 66.7 27.9 67.3 *3.7 65.7 29.6 67.5 3.0 64.4 29.7 5.4 .9 3.0 ....... .243 9.0 29.7 45.0 5.4 10.8 16.98 .227 10.2 30.5 48.2 4.6 6.5 15.31 .247 . . . . 29.7 56.4 6.9 6.9 16.71 10 plants.............. 1912 1913 Roll hands, other, sheared-plate mills: 6 plants................ 1910 1911 1912 113 107 68.7 2.7 61.1 24.8 8.0 3.5 68.7 . . . . . 64.5 23.4 12.1 ....... .243 33.6 54.0 6.2 6.2 16.74 .252 ___ 31.8 44.8 13.1 10.3 17.50 14 14 14 68.0 68.9 68.9 71.4 28.6 42.9 57.1 42.9 57.1 .263 42.9 14.3 42.9 17.71 .242 ii.*3 14.3 57.1 *i4.*3 16.64 .279 14.3 14.3 35.7j|2i.*4 14.3 19.16 6 plants................ 1912 1913 16 16 69.3 69.3 37.5 62.5 37.5 62.5 .269 12.5 18.8 37.618.8 12.5 18.54 .280 25.0 31.331.3 12.5 19.31 Shearmen's helpers: 11 plants.............. 1910 1911 1912 11 plants.............. 1912 1913 Table men. shearedplate mills: 9 plants................ 1910 1911 1912 460 68.4 429 68.4 432 68.6 1.5 56.7 41.7 ....... 3.7 40.6 55.7 . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 39.4 58.1 ....... .215 9.7 47.4 28.5 13.9 .206 13.8 52.7 27.3 6.1 .223 4.1 56.3 20.2 18.1 .4 14.71 .2 14.20 1.4 15.42 392 393 2.3 42.3 55.4 1.5 42.5 56.0 . . . . . . . . . . .226 3.6 52.8 23.7 18.4 .253 6.3116.5 49.9 22.6 1.5 15.59 4.6 17.47 73 72 69 68.3 68.4 68.5 31.5 68.3 68.1 58.3 41.7 68.3 ....... 56.5 43.5 .262 8.2 24.7 37.0 27.4 2.7 17.88 .246 4.2|41.7 29.2 16.7 8.3 16.81 34.7 17.4 17.4 19.07 ....... .279 ...J30.4 j 9 plants................ 1912 72 68.5 52.8 47.2 ....... .276 ....*27.8 38.9 16.7 16.7 18.90 1913 75 68.6 50.7 49.3 .310 ....'16 .0 38.7 21.3 24.0 21.35 1Including 5.2 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 2 Including 2.7 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 3 Including 2.9 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91, 145 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— PLATE MILLS. AVER AG E AN D CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K AN D RATES OF W A G E S PE R H O UR , AND AVER AG E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF TH E PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Charging-crane and c h a r ging-machine operators: 9 plants............... Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— AverNum age ber of full Over Over Year. em- time 72 ploy- hours 60 60 and and per and 72 un 84 week. un un der der. der 72 84 1910 1911 1912 71.6 69.4 69.1 34.1 56.1 7.7 33.3 56.4 7.9 34.2 57.9 10 plants............. 1912 1913 Manipulators,shearedplate mills: 9 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 69.6 70.3 4.8 33.3 33.3 28.6 31.8 40.9 27.3 68.4 68.1 68.1 1912 1913 9 plants............... Roll engineers: 11 plants............. 11 plants............. Roll hands, other, universal mills, 48inch: 2 plants................ 3 plants. Screw men, side rolls, universal mills, 48inch: 4 plants.. Shearmen: 11 plants.. 11 plants.. Per cent of employees whose earnings per Aver hour were— Aver age age full rate of time 20 30 40 wages Un and and and 50 week* per der iy un un cts. hour. 20 un der der der and cts. 30 40 50 over. cts. cts. cts. 10.303 65.8 19.5 14.6 .283 12.8 43.5 38.5 2.6 10.5 .315 10.5 36.8 $21.85 2.6 19.70 5.2 21.85 33.4 42.9 9.5 31.8 27.3 27.3 4.8 21.98 4.6 24.24 69.2 30.8 57.1 42.9 57.1 42.9 53.9 15.4 30.8 .318 .300 10.7 46.4 25.0 17.9 .341 14.3 42.9 7.1 28.6 21.64 20.44 7.1 23.24 68.3 68.4 53.3 46.7 51.6 48.4 .334 13.3 46.7 6.7 26.7 6.7 22.85 .361 6.5 41.9 3.2 35.5 12.9 24.74 1910 1911 1912 71.5 70.8 71.5 27.8 61.1 11.1 5.7 34.3 37.1 17.1 5.7 34.3 34.3 17.1 1912 1913 72.5 72.8 5.4 32.4 27.0 21.6 13.5 30.6 22.2 13.9 1910 1911 1912 70.0 72.0 72.0 1912 1913 72.0 28 33.3 20.0 .315 .343 .300 11.2 44.5 33.3 5.6 54.3 28.6 8.6 .290 54.3 28.6 8.6 5.6 21.45 20.55 20.78 .287 .309 56.7 27.0 8.1 44.4 41.7 5.6 20.93 22.63 >.7 100.0 100.0 .299 .299 33.3 i.7 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 20.93 21.55 20.74 80.0 100.0 .277 60.0 40.0 66.7 1.3 19.41 20.74 40.0 40.0 20.0 .314 44.4 44.4 11.1 .296 55.6 .271 44.4 25.0 i2.*5 12.5 .294 50.0 21.77 19.80 18.12 20.56 1910 1911 1912 1913 60.0 40.0 10 69.2 66.3 22.2 44.4 33.3 66.3 22.2 44.4 33.3 50.0 50.0 68.6 1910 1911 1912 70 1912 1913 2.6 5.7 8.6 32.9 32.9 10.0 22.8 25.69 37.8 31.8 10.6 18.1 24.45 36.8 27.9 11.8 23.5 26.61 67.5 68.0 68.2 2.9 64.3 32.9 6.1 42.4 51.5 5.9 39.7 54.4 .378 .356 68.3 68. 7.2 37.7 55.1 2.8 37.7 59.4 37.6 0.4 8.7 23.1 26.48 .384 .413 2.9 15.9 0.4 23.2 27.5 28.63 30 40 Un and and der un un 30 der der cts. 40 50 cts. cts. Heaters: 11 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 11 plants............... 1912 1913 R o l le r s , sh earedplate mills: 9 plants............... 1910 1911 1912 9 plants............... 1912 1913 .508 .468 .513 14.3 21.4 35.7 21.4 36.35 27.3 20.0 38.2 9.1 32.46 17.0 11.3 45.3 20.8 35.78 71.0 3.6 36.4 32.7 37.0 35.2 .513 .557 16.4 12.7 45.5 20.0 36.02 11.1 31.5 20.4 37.0 39.93 68.4 68.1 68.5 71.4 28.6 3.6 53.6 42.9 4.0 48.0 48.0 .712 21.4 .607 21.4 .729 4.0 71.0 69.1 69.4 39.3 53.6 5.4 38.2 54.5 5.7 35.8 52.8 5.7 48.1 51.9 68.7 ... 68 .5 ... .. 50.0 5 0 .0 ........ 83021°— Bull, 168— 15------ 10 50 and 60 un cts. der and 60 over. cts. 7.1 1.8 14.3 7.1 50.0 48.18 14.3 10.7 46.4 41.46 24.0 8.0 56.0 50.03 .711 3.7 7.4 29.6 7.4 51.8 48.93 .71811.5 7.715.4 7.7 57.7 49.21 146 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. A VER AG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF W AG ES PER H OUR, AND AVE R A G E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF TH E PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. R o l l e r s , universal mills. 48-inch: 4 plants............... Screw men, main rolls, u n i v e r s a l mills, 48-inch: 4 Screw men, shearedplate mills: 9 plants............... 9 plants.. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose earnings per whose full-time hours hour were— per week were— AverAver Num age ber of rateof 30 40 50 Over Over Year. em- time 72 pi°y- hours 60 60 per Un and and and 60 per and and 72 and 84 hour. der un un un cts. 30 der der der and un week. un un der. der der cts. 40 50 60 over. 72 84 cts. cts. cts. 50.0 57.1 50.0 66.7 $0,636 25.0 .584 28.6 3 .581 .672 33.3 Avertime week* ly earn- 75.0 $44.22 71.5 40.31 66.7 39.78 66.7 47.81 1910 1911 1912 1913 69.5 50.0 68.4 14.3 67.8 16.7 33.3 33.3 1910 1911 1912 1913 50.0 50.0 28.6 28.6 42.9 42.9 66.6 28.6 71.4 70.1 .470 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 32.75 .421 14.3 14.3 57.1 14.3 28.23 57.1 14.3 .407 28.6 27.38 42.9 .460 28.6 28.6 32.66 1910 1911 1912 68.6 68.6 68.8 64.3 35.7 3.6 46.4 50.0 3.7 44.4 51.9 .421 14.3 35.7 21.4 14.3 14.3 28.75 .393 25.0 35.7 14.3 17.9 7.1 26.95 .446 18.5 33.3 11.1 14.8 22.2 30.67 69.0 69.0 3.4 41.4 55.2 44.8 55.2 .435 24.1 31.0 10.3 13.: 20.6 30.00 41.4 33.36 44.8 6.9 1912 1913 29 To aid in making a comparison of the actual data for the four years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period, relative or index numbers have been computed from the averages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupation from 1910 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table following. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent which the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of charging-crane and charging-machine operators in 1910 were 90.7 as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, full-time weekly earnings of charging-crane and charging-machine operators in 1910 were 90.7 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occupation in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. This table also shows for each occupa tion the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913, as compared with each specified year preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings of charging-crane and charging-machine operators in 1913 were 10.3 per cent higher than in either 1910 or 1912, and 22.2 per cent higher than in 1911. 147 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- PLATE MILLS. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings of charging-crane and charging-machine operators in 1912 were 9.8 per cent lower than in 1910; in 1912, 10.9 per cent'higher than in 1911, and in 1913, 10.3 per cent higher than in 1912. The other occupations and items of the table can be studied in like manner. The percentages of increase and decrease are com puted from the relative numbers. R ELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , RATES OF WAGES PER H OUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EA R S, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—PLATE MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Charging-crane and chargingmachine operators: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Heaters: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Heaters’ helpers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912................................. 1913.................................. Roll engineers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rollers, sheared-plate mills: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Screw men, sheared-plate mills: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Manipulators, sheared-plate mills: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Table men, sheared-plate mills: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (— in - Rela Rela Each tive Each tive Each rate speci speci full 1913 as fied 1913 as fied 1913 as speci of time fied com com com wages pared year year weekly pared year pared per as as as earn with with with hour. com com ings. com each each each pared pared pared speci speci with speci with with fied fied fied year year year year. year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. 102.6 99.4 99.0 100.0 —2.5 + .6 +1.0 100.7 98.0 98.5 100.0 — .7 +2.0 + 1.5 103.0 99.7 100.0 100.0 —2.9 + .3 0) 99.6 98.6 99.6 100.0 + .4 +1.4 + .4 100.1 99.7 100.3 100.0 - .1 + .3 — .3 99.7 99.7 100.0 100.0 + .3 + .3 0) 100.3 99.9 99.9 100.0 - .3 + .1 + .1 99.9 99.6 99.9 100.0 + .1 + .4 + .1 —3.1 - .4 +1.0. 88.3 82.5 91.8 100.0 +13.3 +21.2 + 8.9 —2.7 + .5 + 1.5 91.2 84.0 92.1 100.0 + 9.6 +19.0 + 8.6 —3.2 + .3 0) 94.9 88.6 96.4 100.0 + 5.4 +12.9 + 3.7 —1.0 +1.0 + .4 96.4 93.2 92.9 100.0 + 3.7 + 7.3 + 7.6 — .4 + .6 - .3 96.7 82.5 99.0 100.0 + 3.4 +21.2 + 1.0 0) + -3 0) 85.2 79.5 90.2 100.0 +17.4 +25.8 +10.9 86.3 81.4 92.5 100.0 +15.9 +22.9 + 8.1 83.6 78.5 89.0 100.0 +19.6 +27.4 +12.4 — .4 — .3 + .3 + .1 i No change, — 6.6 +11.3 + 8.9 90.7 81.8 90.7 100.0 +10.3 +22.2 +10.3 — 7.9 + 9.6 + 8.6 91.6 81.8 90.2 100.0 + 9.2 +22.2 +10.9 — 6.6 + 8.8 + 3.7 97.2 87.6 95.7 100.0 + 2.9 +14.2 + 4.5 - 3.3 - .3 + 7.6 95.5 91.5 92.5 100.0 + 4.7 + 9.3 "11*42 + 8.1 + 11 + 8.1 —ii. 7 +20.0 + 1.0 95.8 82.4 99.4 100.0 + 4.4 +21.4 + .6 - 6.7 +13.5 +10.9 84.3 79.0 89.9 100.0 +18.6 +26.6 +11.2 - 5.7 +13.6 + 8.1 86.0 81.2 92.4 100.0 +16.3 +23.2 + 8.2 - 6.1 +13.4 +12.4 83.0 78.0 88.5 100.0 +20.5 +28.2 *’ -*6*6 +13.5 +13.0 +13.0 - 9.8 +10.9 +10.3 —10.7 +10.3 +10.9 - 9.9 + 9.2 + 4.5 -1 4 .0 +20.6 + .6 - 6.3 +13.8 +11.2 - 5.6 +13.8 + 8.2 148 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . R ELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF W AGES P E R HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PE R CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—PLATE MILLS— Concluded. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Rela tive full time hours per week. Wages per hour. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Each Rela tive 1913 as speci rate fied com of year pared wages as with per com each hour. speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. Each Rela Each tive full 1913 as speci 1913 as speci fied fied time com com year weekly year pared pared as as with earn with com com each each ings. pared pared speci speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. Roll hands, other, shearedplate mills: 98.7 +1.3 1910.................................. 100.0 1911.................................. +1.3 0) 1912................................. 100.0 0) 0) 1913.................................. 100.0 14 Rollers, universal mills, 48inch: 1910.................................. 99.6 + .4 1911........................... ...... 98.0 +2.0 —1.6 97.1 1912.................................. +3.0 — .9 1913.................................. 100.0 +3.0 Screw men, main rolls, uni versal mills, 48-inch: 1910.................................. 99.1 + .9 -4 .1 95.0 +5.3 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 95.0 +5.3 0) 1913.................................. 100.0 +5.3 Screw men, side rolls, uni versal mills, 48-inch: — .9 1910.................................. 100.9 96.6 +3.5 - 4 /3 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 96.6 +3.5 0) 1913.. .................. +3.5 100.0 Roll hands, other, universal mills, 48-inch: 1910.................................. 94.0 +6.4 +3.4 +2.9 1911.................................. 96.7 +3.4 1912.................................. 96.7 0) +3.4 1913.................................. 100.0 Shearmen: 1910 . ...................... 98.3 +1.7 1911.................................. +1.0 99.0 + .7 99.3 + .3 1912.................................. + .7 1913.................................. 100.0 + .7 Shearmen’s helpers: 1910.. .................. 99.6 + .4 1911.................................. 99.6 + .4 0) + .3 99.9 1912.................................. + .1 1913 . ...................... 100.0 + .1 Laborers: 1910.. ...................... 97.2 +2.9 96.4 - .8 +3.7 1911.................................. 99.4 +3.1 1912.................................. + .6 1913.................................. 100.0 + .6 90.6 83.3 96.1 100.0 +10.4 +20.0 + 4.1 94.6 86.9 86.5 100.0 + 5.7 +15.1 +15.6 102.2 91.5 88.5 100.0 - 2.2 + 9.3 +13.0 106.8 100.7 92.2 100.0 — 6.4 - .7 + 8.5 99.9 99.9 96.2 100.0 + .1 + .1 + 4.0 91.1 85.8 93.0 100.0 + 9.8 +16.6 + 7.5 86.1 82.5 89.3 100.0 +16.1 +21.2 +12.0 88.4 87.8 89.0 100.0 +13.1 +13.9 +12.4 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - — 8.1 +15.4 + 4.1 88.7 83.4 96.0 100.0 +12.7 +19.9 + 4.2 — 8.1 — .5 +15.6 92.5 84.3 83.2 100.0 + 8.1 +18.6 +20.2 -1 0 .5 — 3.3 +13.0 100.3 86.4 83.8 100.0 - .3 +15.7 +19.3 - 5.7 - 8.4 + 8.5 105.9 96.3 88.1 100.0 - 5.6 + 3.8 +13.5 0) - 3.7 + 4.0 94.4 97.2 93.6 100.0 + 5.9 + 2.9 + 6.8 - 5.8 + 8.4 + 7.5 89.3 85.0 92.5 100.0 +12.0 +17.6 + 8.1 - 4.2 + 8.2 +12.0 85.1 82.2 89.2 100.0 +17.5 +21.7 +12.1 - .7 + 1.4 +12.4 85.6 84.3 88.5 100.0 +16.8 +18.6 +13.0 — 6.0 +15.1 + 4.2 — 8.9 — 1.3 +20.2 -1 3 .9 — 3.0 +19.3 - 9.1 - 8.5 +13.5 + 3.0 - 3.7 + 6.8 - 4.8 + 8.8 + 8.1 - 3.4 + 8.5 +12.1 - 1.5 + 5.0 +13.0 1No change. A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the plate-mill department as a whole, as determined by a combi nation of the data for the several principal productive occupations which are covered in this section of the report. The method of com puting the figures of this table is explained on page 23, 149 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF LA BO R -----P L A T E M I L L S . From the table following, under 11weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the department as a whole in 1910 were 87.7 as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1910 were 87.7 per cent of such earnings in 1913. The relative decreased to 84.5 in 1911, advanced to 91.1 in 1912, and in 1913, the base year, the relative was 100. The next column shows that the full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 14 per cent higher than in 1910, 18.3 per cent higher than in 1911, and 9.8 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column under “ weekly earnings” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full time weekly earnings each year as compared with the year immedi ately preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings in 1911 were 3.6 per cent lower than in 1910, 7.8 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 9.8 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour can be read in like manner, R E LATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EARS, A LL OCCUPATIONS—PLATE MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in Year. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. Rela tive full time hours per week. 99.3 98.7 99.6 100.0 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( - f ) or decrease ( —) Rela Rela Each Each tive tive Each speci full 1913 as speci rate speci 1913 as fied 1913 as fied of time fied com com com wages pared year year weekly pared year pared per as as as earn with with with com hour. com com ings. each each each pared pared pared speci with speci with speci with fied fied fied year year year year. year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. +0.7 +1.3 + .4 -0 .6 + .9 + .4 88.8 85.6 91.6 100.0 +12.6 +16.8 + 9.2 - 3.6 + 7.0 + 9.2 87.7 84.5 91.1 100.0 +14.0 +18.3 + 9.8 - 3.6 + 7.8 + 9.8 In considering weekly earnings it should be remembered that a reduction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings, just as an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase them. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the department must be con sidered; that is the change in the relative number of employees in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higher-paid ones would tend to lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higherpaid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lowerpaid ones would tend to increase the average. 150 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in plate-mill plants whose customary working time per week was 5 days or turns, or 6 days, or 7 days, or variations thereof, are shown in the following table. The heading “ 5 and 6 days alternately’’ indicates that the plants were running 6 days and 5 nights each week, being shut down for one day and a half each week, and that the employees reported under this heading worked 6 days one week and 5 nights the next. The heading “ 6 and 7 days alternately” indicates that the plants were not in oper ation half a day in each week, the employees reported working 6 turns one week and 7 the next week. The figures are presented for each of the three districts for which reports from plate mills were obtained and for the three districts combined. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W ORKING EACH SPECI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EEK, B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Number of employees whose cus tomary working time per week District, and num Year. ber of plants. Eastern: 2 p la n ts...... 2 plants......... Pittsburgh: 5 plants......... 5 plants......... Great Lakes and Middle West: 4 plants......... 4 plants......... Total: 11 plants....... 11 plants....... Num ber of em ploy- Per cent of employees whose cus tomary working time per week 6 5 6 days days, days days 7 and days, and and 7 6 7 5 5 and 7 6 days days. days. days days. days. days 7 al- days. aldays ter- in terterternatenate- rota nateiy. tion. iyiy. iy. 5 days and 6 dajrs days, 7 days, and 7 7 days. days in rota tion. 1910 1911 1912 343 343 330 253 75 84 24.5 78.1 74.2 73.8 21.9 25.5 ” *.*3 1912 1913 333 339 45 72.7 84.7 25.8 13.3 1.5 2.1 1910 1911 1912 709 621 631 665 492 477 1.3 10.0 11.7 93.8 79.2 75.6 11.2 11.7 75.6 73.4 172 121 125 32.4 9.2 38.1 8.7 36.0 61.9 50.6 51.7 97 142 8.7 41.6 38.2 44.3 57.0 1910 1,330 1911 1.203 1912 1.203 1,090 13.1 2.5 35.0 1.7 33.7 82.0 57.2 57.0 1912 1,248 1913 1,256 709 677 1.5 32.9 36.6 56.8 53.9 526 490 1912 1913 1910 1911 1912 278 239 242 1912 1913 219 249 19 22 78 95 1.7 0.S 5.4 9.2 12.7 12.4 11.7 3.3 5.8 2.1 .4 2.4 1.8 1.6 4.5 5.2 .5 7.6 7.1 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- PLATE MILLS. 151 In addition to the text tables in the summary, four general tables are presented for the plate-mill department, as follows: Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table II.— Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. Table III.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table IV.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. In Tables I and III, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are sum marized in the text table on pages 144 to 146. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I to IV, inclusive, and in the table of relative numbers follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments, reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended expla nation see page 17. Figures for each geographical division for each preceding year, back to 1910, corresponding to those given for 1912 and 1913 in Tables II and IV, and descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report, were given in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau, but have been omitted from the present report. 152 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS. T a b le (The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] N U M B ER . Aver AverNum Aver age age ber £5t Occupation, full rate time of of week time and number of Year. em wages plants. ploy hours ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. Charging - crane and chargingmachine oper ators: Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 1910 1911 1912 41 39 38 71.6 $0,303 $21.85 69.4 .283 19.70 69.1 .315 21.85 5 4 11 10 7 16 7 7 1912 1913 42 44 69.6 7ft 3 .315 21.98 .343 24.24 4 4 7 6 7 8 1910 1911 1912 56 55 53 71.0 69.1 69.4 .508 36.35 .468 32.46 .513 35.78 4 3 3 11 plants___ 1912 1913 Heaters’ helpers: 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 55 54 69.9 71.0 .513 36.02 .557 39.93 3 111 108 101 69.5 67.3 67.5 .243 16.98 .227 15.31 .247 16.71 10 plants___ 1912 1913 113 107 68.7 68.7 1910 1911 1912 36 35 35 11 plants___ 1912 1913 Rollers, s&earedplate mills: 9 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 10 plants. Heaters: 11 plants. 14 16 16 22 33 38 28 19 19 .243 16.74 .252 17.50 11 20 27 14 42 35 19 13 71.5 70.8 71.5 .300 21.45 .290 20.55 .289 20.78 2 3 3 2 2 3 3 14 16 16 37 36 72.5 72.8 .287 20.93 .309 22.63 3 1 3 3 18 13 28 28 25 68.4 68.1 68.5 .712 48.18 .607 41.46 .729 50.03 1912 1913 27 26 68.7 68.5 .711 48.93 .718 49.21 1910 1911 1912 28 68.6 28 68.6 27 68.8 .421 28.75 .393 26.95 .446 30.67 1912 9 plants. 1913 M anipulators, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 29 29 69.0 69.0 .435 30.00 .482 33.36 26 28 28 68.4 68.1 68.1 .318 21.64 .300 20.44 .341 23.24 1 1 2 3 8 9 4 6 4 8 1912 1913 30 31 68.3 68.4 .334 22.85 .361 24.74 1 2 3 6 8 8 5 73 72 69 68.3 68.1 68.3 .262 17.88 .246 16.81 .279 19.07 12 8 18 18 13 19 12 21 8 9 3 72 75 68.5 68.6 .276 18.90 .310 21.35 7 10 13 2 25 20 3 9 9 plants. S crew m en, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants----- 9 plants. T a b le m en , sheared-plate mills: 9 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 9 plants. 1912 1913 40 50 60 and and and 70 un un un cts. der der der and 50 60 70 over. cts. cts. 15 11 19 17 14 B oll engineers: 11 plants__ 30 and un der 40 cts. 10 11 2 6 1 1 1 2 4 3 12 6 1 12 7 12 1 3 12 11 4 6 4 6 2 13 12 16 10 16 153 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — P L A T E M I L L S . AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS—Continued. T a b le I . — NUMBER—Concluded. Num Aver age ber full Occupation, of time and number of Year. em hours ploy- per week. R oll hands, other, shearedplate mills: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 68.9 6 plants....... 1912 1913 Rollers, univer sal mills, 48inch: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Screw men, mai n r o l l s , universal mills, 48-inch: 1910 4 1911 1912 1913 Screw men, side rolls, univer sal mills, 48inch: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 R o l l hands, other, univer sal mills, 48inch: 2 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 3 plants. 11 plants... 1912 1913 Shearmen’s help ers: 11 plants___ 1910 1911 1$12 11 plants. Laborers: 11 plants. 11 plants. 70 2 2 .269 18.54 .280 19.31 2 .636 .584 40.31 .581 39.78 .672 47.81 69.5 66.6 .470 32.75 .421 .407 .460 69.2 66.3 66.3 68.6 .314 21.77 .296 .271 70.0 72.0 72.0 .299 21.55 72.0 11 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 $0,263 $17.71 .242 16.64 .279 69.5 68.4 67.8 70.1 1912 1913 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver age age full 40 50 60 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 rate time of week and and and and and and and and and and 70 un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly der der der der der der der der der der and per earn 40 50 60 70 over. hour. ings. 14 16 18 20 25 30 cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 67.5 68.0 68.2 4 2 2 2 2 *’ *5 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 4 3 1 3 5 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 4 .277 19.41 .378 .356 6 1 1 26.61 2 .413 4 4 4 4 5 2 2 3 1 2 2 4 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 9 9 8 14 16 17 23 21 19 7 7 8 8 9 9 4 3 7 7 5 19 6 21 21 6 16 9 10 7 7 145 73 76 48 178 55 98 145 69 55 62 18 64 26 78 2 1 6 1912 1913 392 68.3 68.4 .226 .253 10 10 4 15 84 123 71 30 35 162 22 34 72 89 6 18 1910 1911 1912 355 274 287 66.8 66.2 68.3 .159 .158 .160 63 65 75 36 26 21 253 183 187 .161 .181 75 32 87 222 81 4 1 3 31 45 4 68.9 69.3 1 4 2 2 14 14 14 339 349 1 2 2 2 .215 .206 .223 1912 1913 2 2 1 68.4 68.4 68.6 460 429 432 2 1 1 3 4 10 69 100 12 4 2 3 2 2 154 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS—Continued. T a b le PER CENT. Occupation, and number of plants. Charging-crane and chargingmachine oper ators: 9 plants....... 10 plants___ Heaters: 11 plants... 11 plants... Heaters’ help ers: 10 plants... 10 plants___ Roll engineers: 11 plants... 11 plants... Rollers, shearedplate mills: 9 plants— 9 plants. Screw me n, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants___ 9 plants. Manipulators, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants. 9 plants. Table men, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants. 9 plants. Num Aver ber age full of rear. em time hours ploy per ees. week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Aver- Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. fX ' time 12 week and un ly earn der 14 ings. cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 26. 39.0 19.5 14.6 12.8 25. 17.9 38.5 2. 10.5 18.4 18.4 10.5 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1910 1911 1912 41 39 38 71.6 10.303 $21.85 69.4 .283 19.70. 69.1 .31f 21.85. 1912 1913 42 44 69.6 70.3 .315 21.98. .343 24.24 . 1910 1911 1912 56 55 53 71.0 69.1 69.4 .508 36.35 .468 32.46 .513 35.78 7.1 14.3 21.4 35.7 14.3 5.5 27.3 20.0 38.2 7.3 5.7 17.0 11.3 45.3 17.0 1912 1913 55 54 69.9 71.0 .513 36.02 .557 39.93 5.5 16.4 12.7 45.5 16.4 3.6 11.1 31.5 20.4 14.8 22.2 1910 1911 1912 111 108 101 69.5 67.3 67.5 .243 16.98 .227 15.31 .247 16.71 1912 1913 113 107 68.7 68.7 .243 16.74 .252 17.50 1910 1911 1912 36 35 35 71.5 70.8 71.5 .300 21.45 .290 20.55 .289 20.78 5.6 5.6 5.6 38.9 33.3 8.6 8.6 45.7 28.6 8.6 45.7 28.6 8.6 5.6 8.6 8.6 1912 1913 37 36 72.5 72.8 .287 20.93 .309 22.63 8.1 8.1 48.6 27.0 2.8 5.6 8.3 36.1 41.7 8.1 5.6 1910 1911 1912 28 28 25 68.4 68.1 68.5 .712 48.18 .607 41.46 .729 50.03 1912 1913 27 26 68.7 68.5 1910 1911 1912 28 28 27 1912 1913 16.7 16.7 42.9 9.5 13.6 18.2 27.3 27.3 9.0 17.1 12.6 19.8 25.2 10.2 15.7 14.8 30.6 17. 13.9 15.8 37.6 18.8 2.6 2. 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 7.1 1.8 3.8 5.4 10.8 4.6 6.5 6.9 6.9 9.7 23.9 37.2 16.8 6.2 6.2 18.713.1 32.7 12.1 13.1 10.3 21.4 5.6 21.4 4.0 7.1 14.3 7.1 7.1 42.9 7.1 14.3 10.7 21.4 25.0 8.0 24.0 8.0 8.0 48.0 .711 48.93 .718 49.21 3.7 11.5 7.4 29.6 7.7 15.4 68.6 68.6 68.8 .421 28.75 .393 26.95 .446 30.67 14.3 35.7 21.4 14.3 14.3 21.4 35.7 14.3 17.9 7.1 14.8 33. 11.1 14.8 18.5 *3*7 29 29 69.0 69.0 .435 30.00 .482 33.36 3.4 20.7 31.0 10.3 13.8 17.2 3.4 44.8 27.6 13.8 1910 1911 1912 26 28 28 68.4 68.1 68.1 .318 21.64 .300 20.44 .341 23.24 30.8 23.1 15.4 30. 3.6 7.1 32.1 14.3 25.0 17.9 3.6 10.7 14.3 28.6 7.1 28.6 1912 1913 30 31 68.3 68.4 .334 22.85 .361 24.74 3.3 10.0 20.0 26.7 25.8 16.1 6.5 191(1► 1911 1912! 73 72 69 68.3 68.1 68.3 .262 17.88 .246 16.81 .27S 19.07 1912) 1913! 72 75 68.5 68. € .276i 18.90 .316> 21.351 2.7 7.4 7.4 44.4 7.7 15.4 42.3 7.1 6.7 26.7 6.7 3.2 35.5 12.9 24.7 >.0 11.0 27.4 2.7 16.7 25.0 16.7 12.5 16.7 8.3 11.6 18.8 30.4 4.3 17.4 14.5 2.9 18.134.7 4.2 16.7 13.9 13.3 2.7 26.7 12.0 21.3 21.3 2 .8 . 2.71. 155 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOE— PLATE MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Num Aver age ber full Occupation, of time and number of Year. em plants. ploy hours per ees. week. Roll hands, oth er, shearedplate mills: 6 plants....... 6 plants. Boilers, uni versal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants....... Screw m e n , main rolls, universal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants....... Screw m e n , side rolls, uni versal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants....... Roll hands, oth er, universal mills, 48-inch: 2 3 plants....... Shearmen: 11 plants__ 11 plants— Shearmen’ s helpers: 11 plants__ 11 plants... Laborers: 11 plants... 11 plants. Aver Aver age age full rate time of week wages ly per hour. earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1910 1911 1912 14 14 14 68.0 $0,263 $17.71 68.9 .242 16.64 68.9 .279 19.16 28.6 14.3 14.3 42.9 35.'7 21.4 14.3 14.3 14.3 ....... . . . . ....... 14.3 ii.3 14.3 21.4 2L4 14.3 1912 1913 16 16 69.3 69.3 .269 18.54 .280 19.31 12.5 1910 1911 1912 1913 8 7 6 6 69.5 68.4 67.8 69.8 .636 .584 .581 .672 44.22 40.31 39.78 47.81 1910 1911 1912 1913 8 7 7 7 69.5 66.6 66.6 70.1 .470 .421 .407 .460 32.75 28.23 27.38 32.66 1910 1911 1912 1913 10 9 9 8 69.2 66.3 66.3 68.6 .314 .296 .271 .294 21.77 19.80 18.12 20.56 1910 1911 1912 6 4 4 70.0 72.0 72.0 .299 20.93 .299 21.55 .288 20.74 33.3 66.7 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 1912 1913 5 6 69.6 72.0 .277 19.41 .288 20.74 20.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 16.7 33.3 1910 1911 1912 70 66 68 67.5 68.0 68.2, .378 25.69 .356 24.45 .386 26.61 1912 1913 69 69 68.3 68.8 .384 26.48 .413 28.63 ....... 1910 1911 1912 460 429 432 68.4 68.4 68.6 .215 14.71 .206 14.20 .223 15.42 3.0 6.7 31.5 15.9 16.5 12.0 13.9 3.3 10.5 11.2 41.5 12.8 14.5 6.1 3.2 .9 22.7 33.6 16.0 4.2 18.1 .4 .2 1.4 1912 1913 392 393 68.3 68.4 .226 15.59 .253 17.47 2.6 1.0 21.4 31.4 18.1 2.5 3.8 7.6 8.9 41.2 1.5 4.6 1910 1911 1912 355 274 287 66.8 66.2 68.3 .159 10.68 17.7 10.1 71.3 .8 .158 10.51 23.7 9.5 66.8 .160 11.04 26.1 7.3 65.2 1.4 1912 1913 339 349 68.9 69.3 .161 11.17 22.1 9.4 65.5 2.9 .181 12.62 24.9 23.2 19.8 28.7 ! 18.8 18.8 18.8 18.8 12.5 *i2.*5 12.5 25.0 6.3 31.3 12.5 25.0 28.6 25.0 42.9 16.7 33.3 33.3 33.3 28.6 28.6 44.4 50.0 50.0 28.6 50.0 33.3 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 14.3 14.3 57.1 14.3 57.1 14.3 14.3 14.3 42.9 40.0 20.0 44.4 11.1 55.6 25.0 12.5 12.5 40.0 44.4 1.4 12.9 20.0 32.9 10.0 11.4 5.7 1.5 13.6 24.2 31.8 10.6 13.6 4.5 11.8 25.0 27.9 11.8 13.2 10.3 5.7 10.1 27.5 30.4 8.7 13.0 10.1 ....... 2.9 7.2 8.7 30.4 23.2 14.5 10.1 ‘ *2*9 5.6 18.4 8.7 22.6 3.4 ! 1 156 B U L L E T IN OP T H E B U R E AU OP L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—PLATE MILLS. T a b le [The abbreviation “ G. L. and M. W .” stands for “ Great Lakes and Middle West.” ] CHARGING-CRANE AND CHARGING-MACHINE OPERATORS. Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Year and district. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.and M .W. 2 4 4 8 24 10 66.2 $0,240 $15.85 71.5 .313 22.53 67.9 .378 25.55 4 Total....... 10 42 69.6 .315 21.98 4 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . 2 4 4 8 24 12 66.2 71.5 70.5 .246 16.30 .361 26.00 .373 26.01 4 10 44 70.3 .343 24.24 4 Total 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 6 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. ** i 2 4 1 12 6 4 1 1 7 7 18 4 1 1 6 2 12 8 4 1 1 8 12 12 1 1 9 6 1 16 9 9 6 6 HEATERS. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh.___ G.L.andM . W. 2 5 4 18 26 11 67.0 $0,365 $24.47 71.8 .579 41.68 69.9 .599 41.54 3 Total...... 11 55 69.9 .513 36.02 3 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 2 5 4 18 25 11 67.0 73.2 72.6 Total...... 11 54 71.0 2 9 7 25 9 2 .426 28.78 .621 45.82 .625 44.77 6 8 6 3 4 5 2 6 2 8 4 .557 39.93 6 17 11 8 12 HEATERS' HELPERS. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . 65.6 $0,211 $13.84 72.6 .238 17.51 65.9 .382 24.98 8 3 J 15 24 16 2 6 9 4 7 68.7 .243 16.74 11 27 42 19 7 7 2 5 3 50 65.7 43 71.9 14 69.3 .203 13.35 .270 19.75 .375 25.44 16 4 6 8 24 11 4 4 5 12 2 4 7 10 107 68.7 .252 17.50 20 14 35 13 14 11 3 ___ 3 4 8 6 8 2 2 1 3 18 10 3 2 5 3 50 50 13 . 10 113 1913. Eastern .... Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . Total Total .. 7 ROLL ENGINEERS. 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh G. L.andM. W . Total 1913. Eastern Pittsburgh G.L.andM . W . Total 2 5 4 10 18 9 65.6 $0,230 $15.11 77.2 .310 23.77 70.7 .306 21.71 11 37 72.5 .287 20.93 3 2 5 4 10 17 9 65.6 76.8 73.3 .257 16.85 .335 25.64 .318 23.35 1 2 3 2 7 4 2 8 5 2 11 36 72.8 .309 22.63 1 2 3 13 15 2 ------ 157 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— PLATE MILLS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—PLATE MILLS—Continued. T a b le ROLLERS, SHEARED-PLATE MILLS. Year and district. Aver Aver Num Aver age age age full ber full rate time Num of ber of em time of week plants. ploy hours wages ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 2 5 2 9 14 4 65.4 $0,421 $27.55 71.1 .752 53.49 67.6 1.224 81.12 1 9 27 68.7 .711 48.93 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W. 2 5 2 9 13 4 Total...... 9 26 68.5 Total 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 6 2 2 2 8 4 1 2 8 2 2 12 65.4 .428 28.07 71.0 .709 50.45 67.6 1.398 92.78 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 .718 49.21 3 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 1 1 4 5 1 4 4 2 2 8 4 7 4 11 SCREW MEN, SHEARED-PLATE MILLS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.anaM. W. 2 5 2 9 16 4 65.6 $0,349 $22.88 71.2 .428 30.50 67.6 .656 44.00 1 2 4 6 3 1 2 9 29 69.0 .435 30.00 1 6 9 3 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . 2 5 2 9 14 6 65.6 71.1 69.1 .374 24.51 .466 33.23 .682 46.93 2 7 6 2 Total...... 9 29 69.0 .482 33.36 2 13 2 2 6 2 2 Total MANIPULATORS, SHEARED-PLATE MILLS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W. Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Total 2 5 2 8 16 6 65.6 $0,256 $16.77 70.4 .319 22.63 66.2 .480 31.52 1 9 30 68.3 .334 22.85 1 2 5 2 8 15 8 65.6 70.3 67.6 .281 18.44 .335 23.82 .488 32.79 9 31 68.4 .361 24.74 2 1 6 6 2 6 8 2 8 2 4 4 2 3 1 2 1 4 6 2 2 2 8 5 1 11 4 6 6 6 4 2 3 TABLE MEN, SHEARED-PLATE MILLS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L. andM. W. 2 5 2 26 34 12 65.7 $0,210 $13.77 70.9 .272 19.33 67.6 .430 28.79 2 5 8 5 13 12 3 Total....... 9 72 68.5 .276 18.90 7 13 25 3 12 10 2 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . 2 5 2 26 30 19 65.7 70.7 69.2 .233 15.29 .295 20.99 .439 30.21 6 4 2 6 14 9 3 4 9 8 8 2 9 75 68.6 .310 21.35 10 20 9 16 16 2 Total 2 158 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—PLATE MILLS—Continued. T able ROLL HANDS. OTHER, SHEARED-PLATE MILLS. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver Aver Num age age age full ber Num of full rate time ber of em time of week plants. ploy hours wages ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. Year and district. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 1 4 1 2 12 2 65.3 $0.181 $11.81 70.9 .248 17.72 63.3 .477 30.17 2 2 1 3 3 3 .. 6 16 69.3 .269 18.54 2 3 3 3 3 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . 1 4 1 2 . 12 2 65.3 70.9 63.3 .180 11.75 .261 18.63 .490 30.96 2 4 1 5 6 16 69.3 .280 19.31 2 4 1 5 Total Total,... 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 2 2 2 2 2 ROLLERS, UNIVERSAL MILLS, 48-INCH. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . 1 1 2 2 2 2 65.3 $0,290 $18.92 72.0 .744 53.53 66.0 .708 46.90 2 ....... !........I........ ....... 1. . 1 i *" ....... 1........ 2 1 .581 39.78 4 6 67.8 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M.W. 1 1 2 2 2 2 65.3 .261 17.03 72.0 1.078 77.62 72.0 .678 48.78 2 Total...... 4 6 69.8 .672 47.81 2 Total 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 SCREW MEN, MAIN ROLLS, UNIVERSAL MILLS, 48-INCH. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh.__ G.L.and M.W. 1 1 2 2 2 3 65.3 $0,242 $15.79 72.0 .488 35.14 64.0 .463 29.94 2 4 7 66.6 .407 27.38 2 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh G.L.and M.W. 1 1 2 2 2 3 65.3 72.0 72.0 .227 14.81 .704 50.69 .452 32.54 2 Total...... 4 7 70.1 .460 32.66 2 T o ta l... 2 2 1 4 1 3 3 SCREW MEN, SIDE ROLLS, UNIVERSAL MILLS, 48-INCH. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh G. L. and M.W. Total 1913. Eastern Pittsburgh G. L. and M.W. Total 1 1 2 4 2 3 65.3 $0,194 $12.66 72.0 .345 24.84 64.0 .324 20.91 4 4 9 66.3 .271 18.12 4 1 1 2 4 2 2 65.3 72.0 72.0 .181 11.81 .497 35.75 .318 22.86 4 4 8 68. C .294 2 3 5 2 i 1 1 : 4 1 2 ! 1 1 1 1 159 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— PLATE MILLS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—PLATE MILLS—Concluded. T a b le ROLL HANDS, OTHER, UNIVERSAL MILLS, 48-INCH. Year and district. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G.L.and M.W. Total 1913. Pittsburgh G.L.and M.W. Total Aver Aver age Num Aver age age full Num ber fuilrate time o f ber of em time of hours wages week plants. ploy ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 1 2 2 3 72.0 $0,264 $19.01 68.0 .286 19.68 1 3 5 69.6 .277 19.41 1 1 2 2 4 72.0 72.0 .365 26.28 .250 17.96 3 1 3 6 72.0 .288 20.74 3 1 2 4 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and un der 70 cts. 70 cts. and over. 2 2 2 2 ===== 2 ------- SHEARMEN. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.and M.W. Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G.L.and M.W. Total 2 5 4 16 36 17 65.9 $0,273 $17.94 70.3 .466 32.78 66.2 .315 21.19 3 10 3 6 2 11 8 6 9 7 11 69 68.3 .384 26.48 7 19 21 6 9 7 2 5 4 16 36 17 65.9 70.9 66.9 .298 19.63 .485 34.37 .368 24.94 2 5 2 2 2 3 9 9 4 6 6 10 7 2 11 69 68.8 .413 28.63 2 5 6 21 16 10 7 2 20 28 76 41 27 2 21 1 66 6 6 6 SHEARMEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L .andM .W . Total 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... Total 2 5 4 81 223 88 65.4 $0,182 $11.94 70.8 .253 17.95 64.8 .198 12.99 10 4 11 392 68.3 .226 15.59 10 4 2 81 65.3 . 5 220 70.9 92 .W G .L4.andM 65.2 . .200 13.09 .275 19.62 .248 16.20 10 .253 17.47 10 11 393 68.4 19 13 52 84 123 71 22 72 15 21 9 1 34 12 65 85 18 15 1 4 85 15 30 35 162 34 89 12 6 18 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern............ Pittsburgh....... G .L.andM .W . 2 5 4 88 219 32 62.6 $0,133 $8.35 70.9 .172 12.22 72.4 .162 11.73 75 Total...... 11 339 68.9 .161 11.17 75 1913. Eastern .......... Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M.W. 2 5 4 94 211 44 62.8 71.5 72.3 Total...... 11 349 69.3 13 14 5 195 27 10 32 222 10 .151 9.48 .193 13.82 .188 13.54 84 10 68 3 35 34 96 4 12 3 .181 12.62 87 81 69 100 12 i 160 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Occupation, and number of plants. Charging-crane and charging-ma chine operators: 9 plants.................................. 10 plants. Heaters: 11 plants. 11 p la n ts.... Heaters’ helpers: 10 p la n ts.... 10 plants.., Roll engineers: 11 plants.., 11 plants'. Rollers, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants............................ Num ber of Year. em ploy. ees. Aver- 48 Over 56 time 48 and hours and and per un under under week. der. 60 56 42 44 70.3 1910 1911 1912 56 55 53 71.0 69.1 69.4 1912 1913 55 54 69.9 71.0 AtJ 15 1910 1911 1912 111 108 101 69.5 67.3 67.5 3 1912 1913 113 107 68.7 68.7 9 13 4 1910 1911 1912 36 35 35 71.5 70.8 71.5 4 6 6 2 3 1912 1913 37 72.5 72.8 8 8 5 5 1910 1911 1912 68.6 68.6 68.8 1912 1913 Manipulators, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants.................................. . 1910 1911 1912 69.0 69.0 1912 1913 68.3 68.4 1910 1911 1912 68.3 68.1 68.3 1912 1913 68.5 68.6 1910 1911 1912 68.0 68.9 68.9 1912 1913 69.3 1910 1911 1912 1913 69.5 68.4 67.8 69.8 9 plants. Roll hands, other, sheared-plate mills: 6 plants. Rollers, universal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants.................................. 84 1912 1913 68.7 68.5 9 plants. Over 72 and under 84 71.6 69.4 69.1 1912 1913 Table men, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants................................. 72 41 39 38 68.4 68.1 68.5 9 plants. Over 60 and under 72 1910 1911 1912 1910 1911 1912 Screw men, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants................................ Employees whose full-time hours per week were— 6 1 68.4 68.1 68.1 10 161 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— PLATE MILLS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS— Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Screw men, main rolls, universal mills, 48-inch: 4 p la n ts................................. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber of time Over Over Year. em 48 Over 56 48 60 72 and and and and and 60 72 84 ploy- hours per un under under under week. der. under . 60 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 1913 Screw men, side rolls, universal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Roll hands, other, universal mills, 48-inch: 2 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 3 plants.. Shearmen: 11 plants. 11 plants............. Shearmen’s helpers: 11 plants............. 11 plants. Laborers: 11 plants. 11 plants. 69.5 66.6 66.6 70.1 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 3 3 5 69.2 66.3 66.3 2 2 6 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 2 4 4 4 70.0 72.0 72.0 1912 1913 69.6 72.0 1 1910 1911 1912 67.5 68.0 68.2 2 4 4 45 28 27 23 34 37 5 1 26 26 38 41 7 16 11 201 174 170 192 239 251 9 4 106 107 217 220 68.3 4 6 1912 1913 69 1910 1911 1912 460 429 432 68.4 68.4 68.6 1912 1913 393 68.3 68.4 1910 1911 1912 355 274 287 66.8 66.2 68.3 89 70 73 200 142 129 35 50 48 2 9 20 23 3 1 17 1912 1913 349 68.9 73 78 123 121 105 113 20 11 2 18 *23 5.1 5.3 34.1 33.3 34.2 56.1 56.4 57.9 4.8 33.3 31.8 33.3 40.9 27.3 3.6 3.8 39.3 38.2 35.8 53.6 54.5 52.8 5.7 27.3 27.8 1 2 PER CENT. Charging-crane and charging-machine operators: 9 plants.................................... 10 plants.. Heaters: 11 plants.. 11 plants....... Heaters’ helpers: 10 plants....... 10 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 41 39 38 1912 1913 42 69.6 44 70.3 1910 1911 1912 56 55 53 71.0 69.1 69.4 1912 1913 55 54 69.9 71.0 3.6 36.4 37.0 32.7 35.2 1910 1911 1912 111 69.5 108 67.3 101 67.5 3.7 3.0 66.7 65.7 64.4 27.9 29.6 29.7 3.0 1912 1913 113 68.7 107 68.7 2.7 61.1 64.5 24.8 23.4 8.0 12.1 71.6 69.4 69.1 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.9 * Including 15 employees whose full-time hours per week were 91. 2 Including 9 employees whose full-time hours per week were 91. 3 Including 10 employees whose full-time hours per week were 91, 83021°— Bull, 168— 15------ 11 9.8 2.6 7.1 1.8 5.4 .9 3.5 162 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913— PLATE MILLS— Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Roll engineers: 11 plants__ 11 plants.. Rollers, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants............................ Screw men, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants.................................. 9 plants.. Manipulators, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants.................................... 9 plants.. Tablemen, sheared-plate mills: 9 plants................................. 9 plants.. Roll hands, other, sheared-plate mills: 6 plants................................... 6 plants.. Rollers, universal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants................................... Scre v men, main rolls, universal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants................................... Scre v men, side rolls, universal mills, 48-inch: 4 plants................................... R oil hands, other, universal mills, 4S-inch: 2 plants................................... 3 plants.. Employees whose full-time hours per week wereNum Aver age ber full of time Over Over Year. em 48 Over 56 48 60 72 and and and ploy hours and 60 72 and 84 per un under under ees. week. under under der. 60 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 71.5 70.8 71.5 5.7 5.7 27.8 34.3 34.3 61.1 37.1 34.3 11.1 17.1 17.1 5.7 8.6 1912 1913 72.5 72.8 5.4 32.4 33.3 27.0 30.6 21.6 22.2 13.5 13.9 1910 1911 1912 08.4 68.1 68.5 71.4 53.6 48.0 28.6 42.9 48.0 1912 1913 68.7 68.5 48.1 50.0 51.9 50.0 1910 1911 1912 68.6 68.6 3.6 3.7 64.3 46.4 44.4 35.7 50.0 51.9 1912 1913 69.0 69.0 3.4 41.4 44.8 55.2 55.2 1910 1911 1912 68.4 68.1 68.1 69.2 57.1 57.1 30.8 42.9 42.9 1912 1913 68.3 68.4 53.3 51.6 46.7 ....... 48.4 ......... 1910 1911 1912 68.3 68.1 68.3 68.5 58.3 56.5 31.5 41.7 43.5 1912 1913 68.5 68.6 52.8 50.7 47.2 49.3 1910 1911 1912 68.0 68.9 71.4 42.9 42.9 28.6 57.1 57.1 1912 1913 69.3 69.3 37.5 37.5 62.5 62.5 1910 1911 1912 1913 69.5 68.4 67.8 69.8 14.3 16.7 50.0 28.6 33.3 33.3 50.0 57.1 50.0 66.7 1910 1911 1912 1913 66.6 70.1 28.6 28.6 50.0 28.6 28.6 28.6 50.0 42.9 42.9 71.4 22.2 22.2 60.0 44.4 44.4 50.0 40.0 33.3 33.3 50.0 33.3 66.7 100.0 100.0 3.6 4.0 9.5 9.2 1910 1911 1912 1913 66.3 68.6 1910 1911 1912 70.0 72.0 72.0 1912 1913 69.6 72.0 20.0 80.0 100,0 163 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- PLATE MILLS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—PLATE MILLS— Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Shearmen: 11 plants........... 11 plants............ Shearmen’s helpers: 11 plants........... 11 plants........... Laborers: 11 plants............ 11 plants............ Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of time Over Over Year. em 48 Over 56 48 72 60 and and and ploy hours 60 and and 84 72 per un under under ees. week. under under der. 60 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 70 67.5 66 68.0 68 68.2 1912 1913 69 69 68.3 68.8 1910 1911 1912 460 429 432 68.4 68.4 68.6 1912 1913 392 393 68.3 68.4 1910 1911 1912 355 274 287 1912 1913 339 349 2.9 0.1 5.9 64.3 42.4 39.7 32.9 51.5 54.4 7.2 1.4 37.7 37.7 55.1 59.4 1.5 3.7 2.5 56.7 40.6 39.4 41.7 55.7 58.1 2.3 1.0 42.3 42.5 55.4 56.0 66.8 66.2 68.3 25.1 25.5 25.4 58.0 51.8 44.9 9.9 18.2 16.7 0.6 3.3 7.0 6* 5 i.i 15.9 68.9 69.3 21.5 22.3 36.3 35.5 31.0 32.4 5.9 3.2 25.4 36.6 1.4 .5 * Including 5.2 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 2 Including 2.7 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. » Including 2.9 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 164 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—A V E R A G E A N D CLASSIFIED FU LL-TIM E H OU RS P E R W E E K IN EACH Y E A R , B Y DISTRICTS, 1912 AN D 1913— PLATE MILLS. T a b le CHARGING-CRANE AND CHARGING-MACHINE OPERATORS. Year and district. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over Over time 48 Over 56 60 72 48 hours and and 72 and and 84 per un and under 60 under under week. der. under 60 84 56 72 1912. Eastern.....................................! Pittsburgh . . ............ Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 4 4 8 24 10 2 8 4 2 8 6 12 67.9 Total................................... 10 42 69.6 2 14 14 12 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 4 4 8 24 12 66.2 71.5 70.5 8 4 2 8 10 12 Total................................... 10 44 70.3 14 18 12 4 10 4 12 3 GG.2 HEATERS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 4 18 26 11 67.0 71.8 69.9 2 14 4 2 Total................................... 11 55 69.9 2 20 18 15 14 4 2 4 9 6 i2 3 :o 19 15 1913. Eastern......................................... 2 18 67.0 5 Pittsburgh.................................... 25 73.2 72.6W est... Great Lakes4 and 11 Middle Total................................... 11 54 71.0 HEATERS' HELPERS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 3 50 50 13 65.6 72.6 65.9 3 50 12 7 28 6 3 4 Total................................... 10 113 68.7 3 69 28 9 4 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 3 50 43 14 65.7 71.9 69.3 50 12 7 21 4 10 3 T o ta l.................................. 10 107 68.7 69 25 13 4 6 8 4 1 10 8 5 3 8 8 1 4 11 8 5 I ROLL ENGINEERS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 2 10 65.6 18 77.2 5 70.7Middle W est... 4 Lakes 9 and Great 2 2 19 2 12 Total................................... 11 37 72.5 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 4 19 17 9 65.6 76.8 73.3 10 2 11 36 72.8 12 Total ......................... 165 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- PLATE MILLS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—PLATE MILLS—Continued. T a b le R O L L E R S , S H E A R E D -P L A T E M I L L S . Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Year and district. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over time 48 Over 56 Over 60 72 hours and 48 and 60 72 per un and under and and 84 week. der. under 60 under under 56 72 84 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 2 9 14 4 65.4 71.1 67.6 9 2 2 12 2 Total................................... 9 27 68.7 13 14 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh................... ............... Great Lakes and Middle W esr... 2 5 2 9 13 4 65.4 71.0 67.6 9 2 2 11 2 Total................................... 9 26 68.5 13 13 12 16 SCREW M E N , S H E A R E D -P L A T E M I L L S . 1912. Eastern....................................... . Pittsburgh.................................. . Great Lakes and Middle W est... 65.6 71.2 67.6 29 Total. 1913. Eastern___ Pittsburgh.................................. . Great Lakes and Middle W est... 69.0 65.6 71.1 69.1 Total.................................. 29 >9.0 13 M A N IP U L A T O R S , S H E A R E D -P L A T E M I L L S . 1912. Eastern.................................... Pittsburgh............................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total. 1913. Eastern.................................... Pittsburgh............................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total. 16 65.6 70.4 66.2 30 18.3 15 65.6 70.3 67.6 31 18.4 16 14 16 15 T A B L E M E N , S H E A R E D -P L A T E M IL L S . 1912. Eastern............................... Pittsburgh.......................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total. 1913. Eastern....................................... Pittsburgh.................................. Great Lakes and Middle W est.. Total.............................. 2 5 2 26 34 12 65.7 70.9 67.6 26 6 6 28 6 9 72 68.5 38 34 2 5 2 26 30 19 65.7 70.7 69.2 26 6 6 24 13 9 75 68.6 38 37 166 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK IN EACH YEAR, B Y DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913— PLATE MILLS—Continued. T a b le ROLL HANDS, OTHER, SHEARED-PLATE MILLS. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Year and district. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full time 48 Over 56 Over Over 60 hours and 48 72 and and 60 per and 72 and 84 un under under week. der. under under 60 56 72 84 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 4 1 1 2 12 2 Total................................... C 1G 69.3 2 2 2 6 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 4 1 1 2 12 2 65.3 70.9 63.3 2 2 2 10 Total................................... 0 16 69.3 6 10 65.3 70.9 63.3 10 10 ROLLERS, UNIVERSAL MILLS, 48-INCH. 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 1 2 2 65.3 2 72.0 2 66.0 1 Total................................... 4 6 67.8 1 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 1 2 2 2 2 65.3 72.0 72.0 2 Total................................... 4 6 69.8 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 4 SCREW MEN, MAIN ROLLS, UNIVERSAL MILLS, 48-INCH. 1913. Eastern......................................... ......................... Pittsburgh.. Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 1 1 2 2 65.3 2 72.0 3 64.0 2 4 7 66.6 2 Eastern. . . . ................... Pittsburgh. .........»........ Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 1 2 2 2 3 65.3 72.0 72.0 2 Total................................... 4 7 70.1 2 Total ................................ 1913. 2 1 2 3 2 3 5 SCREW MEN, SIDE ROLLS, UNIVERSAL MILLS, 48-INCH. 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.. ...................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 1 2 4 65.3 2 72.0 3 64.0 2 Total................................... 4 9 66.3 2 Eastern. ............... Pittsburgh . . . Great Lakes and Middie W est... 1 1 2 4 2 2 65.3 72.0 72.0 4 Total............. .................... 4 8 6S.6 4 1913. 4 2 1 4 3 2 2 4 167 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — P L A T E M I L L S . I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913-PLATE MILLS—Concluded. T a b le ROLL HANDS, OTHER, UNIVERSAL MUXS, 48-INCH. Year and district. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full time 48 Over 56 Over Over 72 48 60 hours and and 84 and and 60 and 72 per un under under under week. der. under 60 84 72 56 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 2 2 3 72.0 68.0 1 2 2 Total................................... 3 5 69.6 1 4 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 2 2 4 72.0 72.0 2 4 Total................................... 3 6 72.0 6 SHEARMEN. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 4 Total................................... 11 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 4 Total................................... 11 16 65.9 36 70.3 17 66.2 1 3 1 14 4 8 1 29 8 68.3 5 26 38 1 14 4 8 1 31 9 1 26 41 69 16 65.9 36 70.9 17 66.9 1 69 1 68.8 SHEARMEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 4 81 223 88 65.4 70.8 64.8 4 4 1 76 32 58 1 187 29 Total................................... 11 392 68.3 9 1G6 217 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 4 81 220 92 65.3 70.9 65.2 2 4 77 32 58 iso 34 Total................................... 11 393 68.4 2 4 167 220 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. 2 5 4 88 219 32 62.6 70.9 72.4 70 1 2 9 112 2 4 78 23 18 2 5 no 3 Total.................................. 11 339 68.9 73 123 105 20 118 1913. Eastern........................................ Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. 2 5 4 94 211 44 62.8 71.5 72.3 8 102 14 4 85 24 0 2 7 213 3 Total........, ......................... 11 349 69.3 ......... 75 ____ 1 2 1 1 .........i 78 1 124 113 11 223 1Including 9 employees whose full-time hours per week were 91. *Including 10 employees whose full-time hours per week were 91. STANDARD RAIL MILLS. SUMMARY, Summary figures relating to the standard-rail-mill department of the iron and steel industry are given, with figures for other depart ments, in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explana tion of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages or earnings p^r hour of employees in the principal productive occupations in stand ard rail mills was approximately 12 per cent higher than in any of the three years preceding! The average full-time hours per week in 1913 were 4.1 per cent lower than in 1910 and slightly higher than in 1911 and 1912. The average full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 9.5 per cent higher than in 1910, 12.9 per cent higher than in 1911, and 11.9 per cent higher than in 1912. The most significant facts concerning the several standard-rail-mill occupations which are covered in this section of the report are sum marized in the table following. Data are presented for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, figures for identical plants being grouped together. The data for 1913 represents 1,427 standard-rail-mill em ployees in the 21 occupations covered and were obtained from 7 plants. Referring to the first occupation, cold-saw men’s helpers, direct comparison can be made for 3 identical plants in 1910 and 1911, for 4 identical plants in 1911 and 1912, and for 7 identical plants in 1912 and 1913. The first line of the table is read as follows: In 1910 the 3 standard rail mills from which reports were obtained employed 30 cold-saw men’s helpers, whose average full-time hours of work were 76 per week. For 66.7 per cent of these 30 cold-saw men’s helpers the full-time hours per week were 72 and for the remaining one-third the working hours were 84 per week. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of cold-saw men’s helpers in the year considered (1910) was $0,171. All of these 30 employees received 16 and under 18 cents per hour. The average full-time weekly earn ings were $12.98. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in 3 plants the average full-time weekly earnings of cold-saw men’s helpers were $12.98 in 1910, and in 1911 in the same 3 plants the average dropped to $12.40; in 4 plants in 1911 the average was $12.38, while in 1912 169 170 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. there was an increase to $12.45; and in 7 plants the average full time weekly earnings were $13.56 in 1912 and $15.10 in 1913. Com paring the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 in the several occupations, it is seen that the lowest average was that of laborers, which was $13.61. Several other occupations received but little more. The highest earnings in any occupation of this department are found in the occupation of rollers, the average full-time weekly earnings in this occupation in 1913 being $50.18. In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. A VERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF W AGES PER HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RA IL MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Occupation, and number of plants. Cold-saw men’s help ers: 3 plants........... Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per hour were— per week were— Aver Aver Num age age ber full rate of time Year. em 16 18 20 Over of wages Un- and and and 25 hours 72 ploy- per Un and and 84 per der un un un cts. un der 72 week. 60 der hour. 16 der der der and un 25 cts. 18 20 der 72 cts. cts. cts. 84 Avertime week iy earn ings. 1910 1911 76.0 72.0 66.7 100.0 33.3 $0.171 .172 100.0 100.0 $12.98 12.40 4 plants......... — 1911 1912 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 .172 .173 100.0 100.0 12.38 12.45 7 plants.............. 1912 1913 73.3 73.5 81.5 79.2 14.8 16.7 .183 .204 7.4 7.4 13.56 85.2 25.0 20.8 37.5 16.7 15.10 1910 1911 74.1 72.1 82.4 70.4 17.6 .209 .197 11.8 41.2 29.4 17.6 15.61 22.2 33.3 44.4 14.24 7 plants.............. 1911 1912 72.1 72.1 74.2 77.1 22.9 .195 .201 25.8 35.5 38.7 25.7 34.3 34.3 14.06 5.7 14.51 7 plants.............. 1912 1913 72.1 72.1 77.1 22.9 77.8 22.2 .195 .213 31.4 34.3 34.3 27.8 72.2 14.07 15.36 .176 13.6 36.4 18.2 31.8 .175 23.3 41.9 4.7 30.2 12.95 12.60 8.5 27.7 6.3 16.7 12.65 8.3 12.98 Hotbed lever men: 6 plants.............. Hotbed men: 6 plants.............. 35 1910 1911 73.6 72.0 i. 4 100.0 1911 1912 72.0 72.2 100.0 95.8 1912 1913 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 72.4 72.1 96.9 13.6 .165 28.1 62.5 9.4 .168 15.3 74.6 10.2 11.92 12.14 7 plants.............. 1911 1912 72.1 72.1 87.9 12.1 89.0 11.0 .168 19.7 71.2 9.1 4.1 82.2 13.7 12.10 12.20 7 plants.............. 1912 1913 72.1 72.1 85.5 14.5 86.4 13. .170 5.5 76.4 18.2 54.2 45.8 .201 12.24 14.52 7 plants.............. 7 plants.............. Hot-saw men's help ers: 6 plants.............. Laborers: 6 plants.............. 7 plants.............. 7 plants.............. 13.6 .176 21.3 42.6 .180 16.7 52.1 4.2 .181 15.2 52.2 6.5 17.4 8.7 13.01 37.5 37.5 12.5 15.01 .209 12.5 3.1 1910 1911 501 370 76.0 71.9 13.4 41. 44.9 20.5 58.9 11.9 8.6 1911 1912 417 71.9 71.9 19.9 60.2 11.5 20.1 57.1 16.3 1912 1913 327 70.2 70.5 20.5 78.6 17.2 82/0) .8 23.4 76.6 10.0 90.0 12.31 12.12 90.3 95.0 12.12 12.07 .169 5.2 94.8 13.8 49.1 37.1 .193 11.88 13.61 171 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. A V E R A G E AN D CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K AN D R A T ES OF W AG ES PER HOUR AND AVE R A G E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF TH E PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 to 1913—STANDAR D R AIL MILLS—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Charging-machine op erators: 3 plants.............. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings p e r per week were— hour wero— Aver Num Aver age age ber full rate of time Over Year. em of 14 20 25 30 60 72 and and and and 40 Un and ploy- hours per der un 72 and 84 per un un un un cts. week. 60 der un hour. der der der der and der 20 25 30 40 over. 84 cts. cts. cts. cts. 1910 1911 1912 22 22 22 72.0 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 14 14 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 114 72.1 70.0 24.5 53.5 21. 78.0 6 plants.............. 1911 1912 91 70.2 70.3 7 plants.............. 1912 1913 113 103 2 plants.............. $0,234 36.4 27.3 36. .232 36.4 27.3 36.4 .244 36.4 45.5 'is.'2 .284 .321 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. $16.87 16.72 17.55 71.4 28.6 100.0 20.43 23.12 .231 28.9 21.1 50.0 .240 40.2 12.2 32.9 14.1 16.78 16.88 19.8 80.2 18.2 81.8 .233 46.2 11.0 .221 39.4 48.5 13.2 12.1 16.44 15.60 70.2 70.0 19.5 80.5 17.5 82.5 .224 39.9 42.5 7.1 10.6 .267 2. 29.1 48.5 19.4 15.79 18.76 1910 1911 74.7 69.1 33.3 11.1 55.6 44.4 33.3 22.2 .191 .194 11.1 14.21 13.43 6 plants.............. 1911 1912 69.3 42.1 30.8 21.1 42.1 Jto. 8 21.1 .194 o'. 8 .196 &f. 7 6 plants.............. 1912 1913 71.8 72.3 36.4 27.3 18.2 18.2 34.8 26.1 17.4 21.7 .213 .233 .220 18.4 47.4 34.2 .221 48.8 26.8 24.4 Chippers: 5 plants.............. Cold-saw men: 5 plants.............. Drillers and punchers 5 plants.............. 21. 5.3 5.3 13.43 13.60 9.1 13.6 78.3 17.4 4.3 15.50 17.04 1910 1911 152 123 76.7 70.5 13.2 34.2 17.1 82.9 6 plants.............. 1911 1912 133 145 70.6 70.5 84.2 83.4 .218 52.6 24.8 22.6 .206 61.4 37.2 1.4 15.35 14.51 7 plants.............. 1912 1913 203 179 70.5 70.5 16.7 83.3 12.8 87.2 .214 56.7 34.5 7. .249 1.1 55. 36.3 1.© 6.7 15.05 17.45 1910 1911 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 .289 .258 36.8 10,5 52.6 50.0 35.7 14.3 20.79 18.56 7 plants.............. 1911 1912 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 56.3 31.3 12.5 .251 .25' 16.7 27.8 44.4 11.1 18.10 18.52 7 plants............... 1912 1913 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 .260 15.0 25.0 40.0 20.0 30.0 25.0 45.0 .283 18.69 20.36 75.5 70.4 13.2 44.1 18. 81.3 Hot-saw men: 6 plants.............. Inspectors: 5 plants.............. 1910 1911 48 52.6 5.6 42.6 .225 44.1 44.1 .233 29.1 56.3 16.78 15.59 2.9 4.2 7.4 8.3 1.5 16.77 2.1 16.29 7 plants.............. 1911 1912 70.9 71.0 13.2 86.8 11.8 88.2 .230 20.6 60.3 11.8 27.6 56.6 9.2 5. 2.6 1.5 16.25 3.9 16.12 7 plants.............. 1912 1913 70.9 70.5 12.2 87.8 16.4 83.6 55.4 9.5 47.9 39.7 2.7 8.2 4.1 16.17 4.1 18.11 1910 1911 1912 1913 71.3 72.0 72.0 72.0 50.0 50.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .264 .304 .345 45.8 50.0 25.0 70.8 4.2 45.8 45. 4.8 95.7 19.95 18.98 21.87 24.87 1910 1911 77.4 76.2 47.6 14.3 38.1 48.6 32.4 18.9 .310 38.1 23. 14.3 23.8 24.30 43.2 27.0 24.3 5.4 21.67 7 plants.............. 1911 1912 75.8 74.1 41.9 41.9 16.3 58.3 37.5 4.2 .277 .304 46.5 27.9 20.9 27.1 39.6 25.0 7 plants............. 1912 1913 75.2 74.9 43.8 43.812.5 C2. £ 25.0 12.5 .307 . 323 37.5 25.0 25.0 12.5 22.95 50.0 37.5 12.5 24.16 Reheaters’ helpers: 3 plants.............. Roll engineers: 6 plants.............. 4.7 21.14 8.3 22.44 172 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. A V E R A G E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W EEI£ AN D R A TE S OF W AG ES PER HOUR AND A V E R A G E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARN IN G S IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD R AIL MILLS—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Straighteners’ helpers: Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings p e r Aver Aver Aver hour were— per week were— Num age age age ber full full rate 14 20 Over 25 30 of time of Year. em time 60 and and 40 ’week 72 wages and and Un and un un un cts. ploy hours ly 84 per un per der un 72 • and der der der der and earnun ees. week. hour. 20 25 60 der der 40 over. 30 72 cts. cts. cts. cts. 84 1910 1911 139 116 72.1 69.8 16.5 66.2 18.1 81.9 17.3 $0,205 52.5 30.2 .205 69.8 12.1 0.7 16.5 18.1 14.04 1911 1912 120 134 69.9 70.0 17.5 82.5 16.4 83.6 .205 67.5 15.0 .212 67.2 13.4 17.5 3.0 11.9 14. Ob 4.5 14.51 1912 1913 146 131 70.2 70.0 15.1 84.9 16.8 83.2 .211 61.6 20.5 .253 26.0 54.2 2.7 11.0 4.1 14.54 3.1 16.8 17.28 1910 1911 26 26 72.0 72.0 1911 1912 27 25 72.4 72.5 96.3 96.0 5 plants.... ......... . 1912 1913 30 30 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 Table men: 100.0 100.0 ....... . . . . .... 3.7 *4*0 .279 23.1 .264 23.1 38.5 38.5 7.7 46.2 23.1 20.06 19.00 .262 22.2 11.1 44.4 22.2 .287 16.0 12.0 20.0 52. C 18.97 20.77 .324 13.3 6.7 16.7 43.3 20.0 23.32 .354 16.7 70.0 13.3 25.47 Un der 30 cts. Guide setters: 5 plants................ 1910 1911 20 17 66.8 15.0 15.0 70.0 65.8 17.6 17.6 64.7 ....... 7 plants................ 1911 1912 27 30 4 plants................ 1912 1913 Reheaters: 4 plants................ 1910 1911 1912 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and 60 un cts. der and 60 over. cts. .440 10.0 25.0 20.0 45.0 .373 17.7 41.2 35.3 5.9 29.26 24.31 66.8 11.1 25.9 40.7 22.2 67.3 10.0 23.3 46.7 20.0 i l l! .336 37.0 37.0 22.2 .346 40.0 30.0 26.7 3.7 3.3 22.20 23.14 17 17 68.3 17.6 69.2 17.6 .340 41.2 41.2 11.8 .384 11.8 47.1 41.2 5.9 22.61 26.20 23 23 23 72.2 72.0 72.0 91.3 8.7 100.0 100.0 ....... .429 4.3 95.7 .421 4.3 43."5 52.2 .410 47.8 4.3 4.3 43.5 31.00 30.28 29.50 3 plants................ 1912 1913 Rollers: 5 plants................ 1910 1911 13 13 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 .531 7.7 .586 12 12 72.3 72.3 83.3 16.7 83.3 16.7 .624 .614 6 plants................ 1911 1912 1913 Rollers’ helpers: 1 plant.................. 1910 1911 14 14 14 72.2 72.2 72.6 85.7 14.3 85.7 14.3 78.6 21.4 .591 .646 .690 3 1 72.0 72.0 2 plants................ 1911 1912 1913 Straighteners, g a g press: 5 plants................ 1910 1911 3 6 ' 6 72.7 72.6 73.3 106 90 20.8 59.0 62.3 5.7 11.3 56.3 62.2 6.7 31.1 ....... .564 .534 49.1 11.3 39.7 32.41 1.5.6 30.0 54.4 30.12 6 plants............... 1911 1912 94 98 56.9 59.6 6.4 34.0 57.6 57.1 6.1 36.7 ....... .526 .530 . . . . 19.1 28.7 24.5 18.4 7 plants................ 1912 1913 Table lever men: 6 plants................ 1910 1911 1912 110 101 59.1 50.9 5.5 43.6 59.2 50.5 5.9 43.6 ....... .514 .576 32.7 16.4 51.0 30.45 35.6 i.7.8 46.5 34.06 6 plants.. . . . . . . . . 1912 1913 74 69 74 47.1 35.3 47.1 35.3 .... 65.5 32.4 64.0 34.8 64.5 32.4 gf 67.1 22.5 8C> 67.1 22.5 .... 100.0 100.0 .561 .458 33.3 66.7 33.3 66.7 50.0 50.0 .... 59.5 65.2 67.6 75.0 75.0 7.7 7.7 76.9 38.23 7.7 15.4 76.9 42.23 33.3 66.7 45.09 8.3 25.0 66.6 44.40 21.4 21.4 57.1 7.1 7.1 85.7 100.0 100.0 40.39 32.98 .284 66.7 33.3 .304 66.7 33 S .323 66.7 *33*3 20.56 21.98 23.61 100.0 52.1 29.91 57.1 30.79 8.1 .454 5.4 43.2 27.0 24.3 28.25 .422 21.7 30.4 18.8 23.2 5.8 26.08 .427 25.7 17.6 16.2 37.8 2.7 26.82 2.5 2.5 .302 8 16 a 15 0 27.5 2.5 . 41G28.8 26.3 12,5 17.5 15.0 .......... WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. 173 Owing to changes in the number of plants reported from year to year, and the consequent differences in the averages for the overlap ping year in two groups of plants, it is difficult to make a comparison of the actual data for the various years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period. To aid in making such a comparison, relative or index numbers have been computed from the averages, of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earn ings, for each occupation from 1910 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table following. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent which the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of charging-machine operators in 1910 were 84.8 as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of charging-machine operators in 1910 were 84.8 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occupation in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. The table also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913 as compared with each specified year preceding. Thus the full-time .weekly earnings of chargingmachine operators in 1913 were 17.9 per cent higher than in 1910, 19 per cent higher than in 1911, and 13.1 per cent higher than in 1912. In other columns of this table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of charging-machine operators in 1911 were 0.9 per cent lower than, in 1910, 5.2 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 13.1 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The other occupations and items of the table may be studied in like manner. The percentages of increase and decrease are computed from the relative numbers. 174 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. RELATIVE FTJLL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K LY EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—STANDARD R A IL MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Charging-machine operators: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 ................................ Reheaters: 1910 ................................ 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 ................................ Reheaters’ helpers: 1910 ............................ 1911.................................. 1912 ................................ 1913 .............................. Roll engineers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rollers: 1910 . . ............... 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rollers’ helpers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. .................................. Table lever men: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 .............................. Table men: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. Guide setters: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. Hot-saw men: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912............ ..................... Hot-saw men’s helpers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912........................... . 1913......... . ..................... Relar tive full time hours per week. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Rela Each tive Each tive Each speci rate full speci 1913 as fied 1913 as 1913 as speci of fied time fied com wages com year year weekly com year pared pared pared as per as earn as with with with com hour. com ings. com each each each pared pared pared speci speci speci with with with fied fied fied year year year year. year. year. pre pre pre ceding. ceding. ceding. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0) (l) (1) 100.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 0.3 (l) (!) 99.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 + 1.0 i1) 0) 104.3 102.7 100.4 100.0 — 4.1 — 2.6 — .4 99.4 99.4 99.4 100.0 + + + C1) (0 0) 84.8 84.1 88.5 100.0 +17.9 +18.9 +13.0 - 0.3 C1) C1) 94.8 93.0 90.6 100.0 + 5.5 + 7.5 + 10.4 + 1.0 C1) (l) 81.2 76.5 88.1 100.0 +23.2 +30.7 +13.5 — 1.5 - 2.2 - .4 95.2 86.6 95.0 100.0 + 5.0 + 15.5 + 5.3 0) 0) .6 87.0 85.7 93.6 100.0 +14.9 +16.7 + 6.8 99.2 + .8 99.2 + .8 99.0 + 1.0 100.0 1913 - 0).2 + 1.0 107.7 87.9 94.1 100.0 — 7.1 +13.8 + 6.3 101.6 99.2 100.0 100.0 — 2.4 + .8 C1) 100.2 93.1 94.2 100.0 - .2 + 7.4 + 6.2 88.3 99.9 + .1 83.6 99.9 + .1 (V) 100.0 91.5 + .1 (*) 100.0 100.0 1913.................................. 0) +13.3 +19.6 + 9.3 99.5 + .5 101.4 98.0 + 2.0 — 1.5 86.0 88.5 98.7 + 1.3 + .7 100.0 100.0 + 1.3 1913.................................. - 1.4 +16.3 +13.0 100.0 100.5 P) 100.0 89.7 C1) C1 (i) 100.0 91.9 0) 100.0 100.0 1913.................................. 0) — .5 +11.5 + 8.8 100.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 +21.1 + 18.9 + 18.2 .6 .6 .6 — 1.6 + .8 C1) - .4 (*) 0) + 82.6 — .4 84.1 84.6 0) 100.0 0) i N q change. — 0.8 + 5.2 +13.0 84.8 84.0 88.4 100.0 +17.9 +19.0 +13.1 — 1.9 — 2.6 +10.4 95.1 92.9 90.5 100.0 + 5.2 + 7.6 +10.5 — 5.8 +15.2 +13.5 80.2 76.3 87.9 100.0 +24.7 +31.1 +13.8 — 9.0 + 9.7 + 5.3 100.3 89.5 95.0 100.0 — .3 +11.7 + 5.3 -1 .5 + 9.2 + 6.8 86.4 85.0 93.0 100.0 +15.7 +17.6 + 7.5 —18.4 + 7.1 + 6.3 106.6 87.1 93.1 100.0 — 6.2 +14.8 + 7.4 - 7.1 + 1.2 + 6.2 98.1 90.6 93.1 100.0 + 1.9 + 10.4 + 7.4 - 'y ' + 9.4 + 9.3 88.3 83.6 91.6 100.0 +13.3 +19.6 + 9.2 —15.2 + 2.9 +13.0 99.6 82.8 86.3 100.0 + .4 +20.8 +15.9 -10.7 + 2.5 + 8.8 100.5 89.7 91.8 100.0 — .5 +11.5 + 8.9 + 1.8 + .6 +18.2 82.1 83.6 84.3 109.0 +21.8 +19.6 +18.6 - 0.9 + 5.2 +13.1 - 2.3 - 2.6 +10.5 — 4.9 +15.2 +13.8 -1 0 .8 + 6.1 + 5.3 — 1.6 + 9.4 + 7.5 —18.3 + 6.9 + 7.4 — 7.6 + 2.8 + 7.4 — 5.3 + 9.6 + 9.2 —16.9 + 4.2 +15.9 —10.7 + 2.3 + 8.9 + 1.8 + .8 +18,6 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. 175 RELA TIV E FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—STANDARD R A IL MILLS—Concluded. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Occupation and year. Hotbed lever men: 1910................<......... 1911........................... 191 2 191 3 Hotbed men: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Straighteners, gag press: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Straighteners’ helpers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Chippers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Drillers and punchers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Cold-saw men: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Cold-saw men’s helpers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Inspectors: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Laborers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Rela tive full time hours per week. Each 1913 as speci fied com year pared as with com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. 102.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 -2 .7 (*) 0) 101.9 99.7 100.0 100.0 -1 .9 + .3 C1) 103.3 98.6 99.8 100.0 -3 .2 + 1.4 + .2 103.4 100.1 100.3 100.0 -3 .3 - .1 - .3 103.1 100.1 100.3 100.0 -3 .0 - .1 - .3 108.9 100.1 100.0 100.0 -8 .2 - .1 (*) 107.4 99.3 99.3 100.0 -6 .9 + .7 + -7 105.3 99.7 99.7 100.0 -5 .0 + .3 + .3 107.7 100.4 100.6 100.0 -7 .1 - .4 105.3 99.6 99.6 100.0 - 5 .0 + .4 + .4 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in Rela tive rate of per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each Each tive full 1913 as speci 1913 as speci fied fied com time com year weekly pared year pared as as eamwith with com com each each pared speci pared speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. -2 .7 0) C1) 94.2 88.8 91.5 100.0 + 6.2 +12.6 + 9.3 -2 .2 + .3 0) 85.2 84.7 86.6 100.0 +17.4 + 18.1 +15.5 - 4 .5 +1.2 + .2 93.5 88.6 89.2 100.4 + 7.0 +12.9 +12.1 80.6 80.6 83.4 100.0 +24.1 +24.1 +19.9 - 2 .9 + .2 - .3 85.1 88.5 83.9 100.0 +17.5 +13.0 +19.2 -8 .1 - .1 (>) 90.5 90.9 85.9 100.0 +10.5 +10.0 +16.4 -7 .5 ). +(1 .7 89.1 90.5 91.4 100.0 +12.2 +10.5 + 9.4 -5 .3 )o +(1 .3 88.7 89.2 89.7 100.0 +12.7 +12.1 +11.5 -6 .8 + .2 - .6 86.5 89.5 88.8 100.0 +15.6 +11.7 +12.6 - 5 .4 O + .4 85.0 88.1 87.6 100.0 +17.6 +13.5 +14.2 -3 .2 + .2 Weekly earnings. -5 .7 + 3.0 + 9.3 97.7 88.8 91.6 100.0 + 2.4 +12.6 + 9.2 - .6 + 2.2 +15.5 86.8 84.5 86.7 100.0 +15.2 +18.3 +15.3 - 5.2 + •7 +12.1 93.4 86.8 89.4 100.0 + 7.1 + 15.2 +11.9 0) + 3.5 +19.9 84.4 81.5 84.1 100.0 +18.5 +22.7 +18.9 + 4.0 - 5.2 +19.2 88.2 88.7 84.2 100.0 +13.4 +12.7 +18.8 + .4 - 5.5 +16.4 98.2 91.2 86.2 100.0 + 1.8 + 9.6 +16.0 + 1.6 + 1.0 + 9.4 95.0 89.8 91.0 100.0 + 5.3 +11.4 + 9.9 + .6 + .6 +11.5 93.5 89.3 89.8 100.0 + 7.0 +12.0 +11.4 + 3.5 - .8 +12.6 92.7 90.0 89.3 100.0 + 7.9 +11.1 +12.0 + 3.6 - .6 +14.2 89.0 87.6 87.3 100.0 +12.4 +14.2 +14.5 - 9.1 + 3.2 + 9.2 - 2.6 + 2.6 +15.3 - 7.1 + 3.0 +11.9 - 3.4 + 3.2 +18.9 + .6 - 5.1 +18.8 - 7.1 -5 .5 +16.0 - 5.5 + 1.3 + 9.9 - 4.5 + »6 +11.4 - 2.9 - .8 +12.0 - 1.6 - .3 +14.5 1 No change. A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the standard-rail-mill department as a whole, as determined by a combination of the data for the several principal productive occupa 176 BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. tions which are covered in this section of this report. The method of computing the figures is explained on page 23. From the table following, under the heading “ weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weeldy earnings of the department as a whole in 1910 were 91.3, as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1910 were 91.3 per cent of such earnings in 1913. The relative decreased to 88.6 in 1911, advanced in 1912 to 89.4, and in 1913, the base year, the relative was 100. The next column shows that the full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 9.5 per cent higher than in 1910, 12.9 per cent higher than in 1911, and 11.9 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column, under “ weekly earnings,” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time weekly earnings each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings in 1911 were 3 per cent lower than in 1910, 0.9 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 11.9 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and rates of. wages per hour can be read in like manner. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EAKNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEA R S, A LL OCCUPATIONS—STANDARD R A IL MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in— Year. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Rela tive full time hours per week. 104.3 99.7 99.9 100.0 Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each tive rate 1913 as speci fied of com year wages pared per as with hour. com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. -4 .1 + .3 + .1 - 4 .4 + .2 + .1 Weekly earnings. 88.9 89.2 89.6 100.0 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each tive Each speci full as speci fied time 1913 fied year weekly com year pared as earn as with with com ings. com each each pared pared speci with speciwith fied 'fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 1913 as com- +12.5 +12.1 +11.6 + 0.3 + •4 +11.6 91.3 88.6 89.4 100.0 + 9.5 +12.9 +11.9 - 3.0 + .9 +11.9 In considering weekly earnings it should be remembered that a reduction of hours tends to reduce earnings, just as an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase them. Between 1910 and 1913 it will be observed that hours per week were reduced 4.1 per cent and wages per hour were increased 12.5 per cent, each tending to offset the other in weekly earnings. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the depart ment must be considered; that is, the change in the relative number of 177 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. employees in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higherpaid ones would tend to lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would tend to increase the average. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in standard rail mills, whose customary working time per week was 6 days or turns, or 7 days, or variations thereof, are shown in the following table. The heading “ 6 days and 7 days alternately” indicates that the plants were not in operation half a day in each week; the employees reported working 6 turns one week and 7 turns the next week. The figures are presented for each of the two districts for which standard-rail-mill data were obtained, and for the two districts combined. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT WORKING EACH SPECI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EE K , B Y Y EA R S, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Number of employees whoso customary work ing time per week was— District, and number of plants. Pittsburgh: 2 plants Year. Per cent of employees whose customary work ing time per week was— Num ber of days, em 6 days 66 days, ploy and ees. 6 days. 7 days and 7 days. 6 days. alter 7 days rota nately. intion. 6 days ana 7 days alter nately. 6 days, 6days, and 7 days 7 days. in rota tion. 1910 1911 374 348 312 332 10 62 6 83.4 95.4 2.9 16.6 1.7 1911 1912 447 431 430 412 10 12 7 7 96.2 95.6 2.2 2.8 1.6 1.6 1912 1913 495 507 467 473 8 13 20 21 94.3 93.3 1.6 2.6 4.0 4.1 1910 1911 1,161 904 727 792 8 52 27 27 399 33 62.6 87.6 .7 5.8 2.3 3.0 34.4 3.7 4 plants........................... 1911 1912 908 1,026 796 900 52 76 27 27 33 23 87.7 87.7 5.7 7.4 3.0 2.6 3.6 2.2 4 plants. 1912 1913 940 920 926 904 6 6 3 8 7 98.5 98.3 .6 .7 .3 .9 .8 1910 1911 1,535 1,252 1,039 1,124 8 62 27 27 461 39 67.7 89.8 .5 5.0 1.8 2.2 30.0 3.1 7 plants........................... 1911 1912 1,355 1,457 1,226 1,312 62 88 27 27 40 30 90.5 90.0 4.6 6.0 2.0 1.9 3.0 2.1 7 plants 1912 1913 1,435 1,427 1,393 1,377 14 19 3 28 28 97.1 96.5 1.0 1.3 .2 2.0 2.0 3 plants ............... 3 plants Great Lakes and Middle West: 4 plants........................... ............... Total: 6 plants........................... .......... 83021°—Bull. 168—15------12 178 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. In addition to the text tables in the summary, four general tables are presented for the standard-rail-mill department, as follows: Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classi fied rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table II.— Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. Table III.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1910 to 1^13. Table IV.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. In Tables I and III, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are summarized in the text table on pages 170 to 172. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I to IV, inclusive, and in the table of relative numbers, follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments, reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended expla nation see page 17. Figures for each geographical division for each preceding year, back to 1910, corresponding to those given for 1912 and 1913 in Tables II and IV, and descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report, were given in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau, but have been omitted from the present report. 179 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR----STANDARD RAIL M ILLS. I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS. T a b le [The figures for each group of years arc for identical plants.] NUMBER. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. C h a r g i ng-machine opera tors: Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of week hours wages ly per per week. hour. earn ings. 1910 1911 1912 22 22 22 72.0 $0,234 $16.8: 72.0 .232 16.72 72.0 .244 17.58 1912 1913 14 14 72.0 72.0 1910 1911 1912 23 23 23 1912 1913 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 8 8 8 20 and un der 25 cts. 6 6 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 4 .284 20.43 .321 23.12 10 4 14 72.2 72.0 72.0 .429 31.00 .421 30.28 .410 29.50 1 1 11 13 13 72.0 72.0 .531 38.23 .586 42.23 1 1910 1911 1912 1913 24 24 24 23 71.3 72.0 72.0 72.0 .280 .264 .304 .345 Roll engineers: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 42 37 77.4 76.2 7 p la n ts___ 1911 1912 43 48 7 plants....... 1912 1913 R eh e a te rs' helpers: 3 plants...... 22 121 1i 10 1 1 11 * 2 17 M .310 24.30 .282 21.67 16 16 10 10 6 9 10 2 75.8 74.1 .277 21.14 .304 22.44 20 13 12 19 9 12 2 4 32 32 75.2 74.9 .307 22.95 .323 24.16 12 8 16 8 12 4 1910 1911 12 12 72.3 72.3 .624 45.09 .614 44.40 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Rollers’ helpers: 1 plant......... 1910 1911 14 14 14 72.2 72.2 72.6 .591 42.67 .646 46.65 .690 50.18 3 1 72.0 72.0 .561 40.39 .458 32.98 2 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Table lever men: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 3 6 6 72.7 72.6 73.3 .284 20.56 .304 21.98 .323 23.61 74 69 74 65.5 64.0 64.5 .454 28.25 .422 26.08 .427 26.82 6 plants____ 1912 1913 Table men: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 80 80 67.1 67.1 26 26 5 plants....... 1911 1912 Rollers: 5 p la n ts__ 1 1 1 10 1 11 6 1 1 19.95 18.98 21.87 24.87 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 10 12 11 22 4 4 1 4 3 8 7 1 3 1 3 1 7 9 10 1 3 4 6 1 2 50 and un der 160 cts. 8 8 10 Reheaters: 4 plants. . . 40 and un der 50 cts. 3 i 2 4 2 2 5 6 2 10 13 32 21 13 20 13 12 16 28 12 4 2 .392 26.52 .416 27.51 11 12 20 11 13 21 12 10 22 14 2 12 72.0 72.0 .279 20.06 .264 19.00 6 6* 2 10 12 10 6 27 25 72.4 72.5 .262 18.97 .287 20.77 6 4 3 3 12 5 6 13 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Guide setters: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 30 30 72.0 72.0 .324 23.32 .354 25.47 4 2 5 5 13 21 6 4 20 17 66.8 65.8 .440 29.26 .373 24.31 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 4 6 9 1 7 plants....... 1911 1912 27 30 66.8 67.3 .336 22.20 .346 23.14 1 1 5 5 4 6 10 9 6 8 1 1 4 plants....... 1912 1913 17 68.3 17 69.2 .340 22.61 .384 26.20 2 5 2 7 8 2 7 1 180 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Continued. 1 Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver- Aver Aver age age full rate time of week time hours wages ly per per earnweek. hour. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 14 16 18 20 Un and and and and der un un un un 14 der der der der cts. 16 18 20 25 cts. cts. cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. Hot-saw men: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 19 14 72.0 $0,289 $20.79 72.0 . 258 18.56 7 plants....... 1911 1912 16 18 72.0 72.0 .251 18.1C .257 18.52 2 1 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Hot-saw men’s helpers: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 20 20 72.0 72.0 .260 18.69 .283 20.36 2 1 64 59 72.4 72.1 .165 11.92 .168 12.14 18 9 40 44 6 6 7 plants....... 1911 1912 66 73 72.1 72.1 .168 12.10 .169 12.20 13 47 60 6 10 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Hotbed lever men: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 55 59 72.1 72.1 .170 12.24 .201 14.52 42 10 32 27 34 27 74.1 72.1 .209 15.64 .197 14.21 4 6 14 9 10 12 6 7 plants....... 1911 1912 31 35 72.1 72.1 .195 14.06 .201 14.51 8 9 U 12 12 12 2 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Hotbed men: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 35 36 72.1 72.1 .195 14.07 .213 15.36 11 12 10 12 26 44 43 73.6 72.0 .176 12.95 .175 12.60 6 6 4 16 18 8 2 14 13 7 plants....... 1911 1912 47 48 72.0 72.2 .176 12.65 .180 12.98 6 •6 4 2 20 25 4 3 13 8 4 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Straighteners, gag press: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 46 48 72.0 72.0 .181 13.01 .209 15.01 6 6 1 24 3 18 8 18 4 2 106 90 59.0 56.3 .564 32.41 .534 30.12 14 52 27 6 plants....... 1911 1912 94 98 56.9 57.6 .526 29.91 .530 30.79 18 24 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Straighteners* helpers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 no 101 59.1 59.2 .514 30.45 .576 34.06 36 139 116 72.1 69.8 .205 14.55 .205 14.04 6 plants....... 1911 1912 120 134 69.9 70.0 .205 14.05 .212 14.51 63 90 90 3 3 1 7 7 2 5 10 2 9 5 5 8 2 2 5 6 8 5 4 9 42 14 72 63 1 4 36 49 6 27 18 49 50 6 18 36 50 18 41 6 6 23 21 18 18 18 4 21 16 6 4 4 16 *34 30 71 6 22 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Clippers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 146 131 70.2 70.0 .211 14.54 .253 17.28 114 82 72.1 70.0 .231 16.78 .240 16.88 21 12 24 1 32 10 57 27 12 6 plants....... 1911 1912 91 99 70.2 70.3 .233 16.44 .221 15.60 10 3 32 36 10 48 27 12 12 7 plants....... 1912 1913 113 103 70.2 70.0 .224 15.79 .267 18.761 9 36 3 48 30 8 50 12 20 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 12 181 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy* Drillers a n d punchers: 5 plants___ 7 plants. Cold-saw men: 5 plants___ 1910 1911 152 123 1911 1912 133 70. 145 70.5 .218 .206 1912 1913 203 179 70.5 70.5 .214 .249 74.7 .191 .194 1910 1911 6 plants. 1911 1912 6 plants. 1912 1913 Cold-saw men’s helpers: 3 plants___ Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of week hours wages ly per per week. hour. earn ings. 71.8 72.3 .213 14 and un der 16 cts. 1 76.7 $0,220 70.5 .221 .194 .196 Un der 14 cts. 1 16 and un der 18 cts. IS and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 28 4 56 72 33 52 30 14 2 56 87 33 54 30 2 113 70 2 100 16 65 1 1 15 16 **is 2 4 4 18 4 8 ’ 4 4 26 30 10 27 2 2 5 4 1 1 4 10 41 19 43 8 7 4 2 1 3 7 29 2 6 3 2 36 29 7 plants. 1912 1913 .183 .204 46 12 *io 1910 1911 .225 .233 7 plants.. 7 plants. 7 plants. 1912 1913 1910 1911 501 370 1911 1912 417 1912 1913 327 377 ....... 2 .229 16.17 .258 18.11 2 .163 12.31 12.12 117 37 384 333 12.12! 37 21 345 396 .169 11.8 .193 13.61 . 1 1 3 1 30 31 .172 .173 Laborers: 1 17 .230 16.25 .228 16.12 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 \....... 1911 1912 76 50 and un der 60 cts. 2 12 i ....... 4 plants. 1911 1912 40 and un der 50 cts. 1 .171 .172 7 plants. 30 and un der 40 cts. 17 18 1910 1911 Inspectors: 5 plants. 2 25 and un der 30 cts. 19 17 310 52i 41 35 1 185 140 PER CENT. Charging - m a chine opera tors: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 22 22 22 72.0 $0,234 72.0 .232 72.0 .244 36.4 36.4 36.4 27.3 36.4 27.3 '36*4 45.5 18.2 2 plants....... 1912 1913 Reheaters: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 14 14 72.0 72.0 .284 .321 71.4 28.6 100.0 23 23 23 72.2 72.0 72.0 .421 .410 29.50 4.3 95.7 4.3 *43*5 52.2 47.8 4.3 4.3 43.5 3 plants....... 1912 1913 13 13 72.0 72.0 .531 38.23 .586 42.23 7.7 7.7 7.7 76.9 7.7 15.4 76.9 182 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of hours wages week ly per per earn week. hour. ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. Reheaters’ help ers: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Roll engineers: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 24 24 24 23 71.3 $0,230 $19.95 72.0 .264 18.98 72.0 .304 21.87 72.0 .345 24.87 42 37 77.4 76.2 .310 24.30 .282 21.67 38.1 23.8 14.3 23.8 43.2 27.0 24.3 5.4 7 plants....... 1911 1912 43 48 75.8 74.1 .277 21.14 .304 22.44 46.5 27.9 20.9 27.1 39.6 25.0 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Rollers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 32 32 75.2 74.9 .307 22.95 .323 24.16 37.5 25.0 25.0 12.5 50.0. 37.5 12.5 12 12 72.3 72.3 .624 45.09 .614 44.40 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Rollers’ helpers: 1 plant........ 1910 1911 14 14 14 72.2 72.2 72.6 .591 42.67 .646 46.65 .690 50.18 3 1 72.0 72.0 .561 .458 32.98 2 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Table lever men: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 3 6 0 72.7 .284 20.56 72. f> .304 21.98 73.3 .323 23.61 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 4.2 45.8 50.0 4.2 25.0 70.8 4.2 4.2 45.8 45.8 4.3 95.7 4.7 8.3 33.3 fifi 7 8.3 25.0 58.3 100.0 66.7 66.7 *66.*7 33.3 100.0 33.3 33.3 74 69 74 65.5 64.0 64.5 .454 28.25 .422 26.08 .427 26.82 2.7 2.7 43.2 27.0 16.2 ___ ....... ___ 7.2 14.5 30.4 18.8 *23*2 5.8 8.1 17.6 17.6 16.2 37.8 2.7 6 plants....... 1912 1913 Table men: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 80 80 67.1 67.1 .392 25.62 .416 27.51 13.8 25.0 16.3 15.0 27.5 2.5 15.0 13.8 26.3 12.5 17.5 15.0 26 26 72.0 72.0 .279 20.06 .264 19.00 23.1 38.5 38.5 23.1 *7*7 46.2 23.1 5 plants....... 1911 1912 27 25 72.4 72.5 .262 18.97 .287 20.77 22.2 11.1 44.4 22.2 16.0 12.0 20.0 £2.0 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Guide setters: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 30 30 72.0 72.0 .324 23.32 .354 25.47 13.3 6.7 16.7 43.3 20.0 16.7 70.0 13.3 20 17 66.8 65.8 .440 29.26 .373 24.31 5.0 5.0 25.0 20.0 45.0 5.9 5.9 ’ *5*9 41.2 35.3 5.9 7 plants....... 1911 1912 27 30 66.8 67.3 .336 22.20 .346 23.14 3.7 18.5 14.8 37.0 22.2 3.3 16.7 20.0 30.0 26.7 3.7 3.3 4 plants....... 1912 1913 17 17 68.3 69.2 .340 22.61 .384 26.20 11.8 29.4 41.2 11.8 11.8 47.1 41.2 5.9 1910 1911 19 14 72.0 72.0 .289 20.79 .258 18.56 36.8 10.5 52.6 50.0 35.7 14.3 7 plants....... 1911 1912 16 18 72.0 72.0 .251 18.10 .257 18.52 56.3 31.3 12.5 11.1 5.6 27.8 44.4 11.1 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Hot-saw men’s helpers: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 20 20 72.0 72.0 .260 18.69 .283 20.36 10.0 5.0 25.0 40.0 20.0 30.0 25.0 45.0 64 59 72.4 72.1 .165 11.92 .168 12.14 7 plants....... 1911 1912 66 73 72.1 72.1 .168 12.10 .169 12.20 Hot-saw men: 6 plants,. . 8.3 21.4 21. J 50.0 7.1 3 21.4 7.1 7.1 71.4 28.6 28.1 62.5 9.4 15.3 74.6 10.2 4.1 19.7 71.2 9.1 88.2 13.7 8.1 183 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD BAIL M ILLS. T a b le I . — A V E R A G E FU LL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNIN G S AN D A V E R A G E A N D CLASSIFIED RATES OF W AGES P E R H O U R IN T H E U N IT E D STATES, B Y Y E A R S, 1910 TO 1913— STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Continued. PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of week hours wages ly per pef week. hour. earn ings. Employees earning e ich classiSe 1rat 3of wag.?.s per hour. Un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 10 anl un der ,18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 anl un der 30 cts. Hot-saw men’s helpers—Con. 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Hotbed l e v e r men: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 55 59 72.1 $0.170 $12.24 72.1 .201 14.52 34 27 74.1 72.1 .209 15.64 .197 14.21 11.8 41.2 29.4 17.6 22.2 33.3 44.4 7 plants....... 1911 1912 31 35 72.1 72.1 .195 14.08 .201 14.51 25.8 35.5 38.7 25.7 34.3 34.3 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Hotbed men: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 35 36 72.1 72.1 .195 14.07 .213 1.5.36 31.4 34.3 34.3 27.8.72.2 44 43 73.6 72.0 .176 12.95 13.6 36.4 18.2 31.8 .175 12.60 14.0 9.3 41.9 4.7,30.2 7 plants....... 1911 1912 47 48 72.0 72.2 .176 12.65 12.8 8.5 42.6 8.5 27.7 .180 12.98 12.5 4.2 52.1 6.316.7 8.3 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Straighteners, gag press: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 46 48 72.0 72.0 .181 13.01 13.0 2.2 52.2 6.5^17.4 aT.sa7.i5 .209 15.01 12.5 8.7 4.2 106 90 59.0 56.3 .564 32.41 .534 30.12 6 plants....... 1911 1912 94 98 56.9 57.6 .528 29.91 .530 30.79 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Straighteners’ helpers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 110 101 59.1 59.2 .514 30.45 .576 34.06 139 116 72.1 69.8 6 plants....... 1911 1912 120 134 69.9 70.0 7 plants....... 191? 1913 Chippers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 146 131 70.2 70.0 114 82 72.1 70.0 6 plants....... 1911 1912- 91 99 70.2 70.3 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Drillers a n d punchers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 113 103 70.2 70.0 3ft. 2 .7 51.8 54.3 15.512.1 1 .205 14.05 52.5 1R 0 15 ft .212 14.51 67.2 13.4 ! 2ft. .211 14.54 61.6 .253 17.28 ....... . . . . 26.054.2 I 18.4 10.5 21.1 .231 16.78 .240 16.88 1.2 39.012.2 1 .233 16.44 11.0 35.211.0 .221. 15.60 3.0 36.4 48.5 1 .224 15.79 8.0 31.942.5 2.9 29.1 .267 18.76 152 123 76.7 70.5 .220 16.78 .221 15.59 6 plants....... 1911 1912 133 145 70.6 70.5 .218 15.35 .206 14.51 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Cold-saw men: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 203 179 70.5 70.5 .214 15.05 .249 17.45 18 18 74.7 69.1 .191 14.21 .194 13.43 6 plants....... 1911 1912 19 69.3 19 69.3 .194 13.43 .196 13.60 6 plants....... 1912 1913 22 23 .213 15.50 .233 17.04 71.8 72.3 5.5 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. CO and 70 un cts. der nn.l 70 over. cts 76.4 18.2 54.2 45.8 5.'/ . . . . . ....... ....... — 8.3 49.1 11.3 34. ft 5.7 i54.4 ....... 15.6 30.0 ! 52.1 19.1 28.7 24.5 18.4 51.0 *’ o.*i | 145. a 5.5 32.7 16.4 35.6 17.8 4ft. 6 5.9 .205 14.55 .205 14.04 47.4 18.4 3.3 45.5 26.8 ! 10.5 42.1 24.8 1.4 60.037.2 1 1.0 i»R. 7 34. R 55.9 1.1 1 5.6 83.311.1 5.6 88.9 | 5.3 89.5’ 94.71 | 77.3 78.3 16.5 18.1 17 5 3.0 11.9 4.5 2.7 11 0 4.1 3.1 16.8! ....... . . . . ....... 50.0 1 32.9 14.0 | 29.7 13.2 i | 12.11 7.1 10.6 48.5 19.4 | ! 34.2 24.4 22.6 1.4 7.9 36.3 1.0 6.7 5.6 5.3 5.3 9.1 13.6 17.4 4.3 . ..J - 184 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver Aver age age age full rate full of time time hours wages week ly per per earnweek. hour. ifigs. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. Cold-saw men’s helpers: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 30 31 76.0 $0.171 $12.98 72.0 .172 12.40 4 plants....... 1911 1912 36 29 72.0 72.0 .172 12.38 .173 12.45 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Inspectors: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 54 48 73.3 73.5 .183 13.56 .204 15.10 7.4 7.4 20A 37.5 16.7 68 48 75.5 70.4 .225 16.77 .233 16.29 38.2 44.1 20.8 56.3 2.9 4.2 7.4 8.3 1.5 2.1 7 plants....... 1911 1912 68 76 70.9 71.0 .230 16.25 .228 16.12 14.7 60.3 11.8 25.0 56. G 9.2 5.9 2.6 1.5 3.9 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Laborers: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 74 73 70.9 70.5 .229 16.17 .258 18.11 .25.7 55.4 9.5 47.9 39.7 2.7 8.2 4.1 2.7 501 370 76.0 71.9 .163 12.31 .169 12.12 7 plants....... 1911 1912 382 417 71.9 71.9 .1G9 12.12 .168 12.07 7 plants....... 1912 1913 327 377 70.2 70.5 .169 11.88 .193 13.61 23.4 10.0 90. 5.2 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 185 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL M ILLS. I I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS. T a b le [The abbreviation u G. L. and M. Y l.” stands for “ Great Lakes and Middle West.” ] CHARGING-MACHINE OPERATORS. Year and district. 1912. G. L.andM. W . 1913. G. L. and M. W. Aver age Num Aver- Aver age full ber rate time Num of ber of em time of week plants. ploy hours wages ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 72.0 $0,290 $20.88 72.0 .276 19.84 4 6 4 72.0 .284 23.43 10 4 8 6 72.0 72.0 .329 23.69 .311 22.36 8 6 14 72.0 .321 23.12 14 1 1 8 6 2 14 1 1 2 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. REHEATERS. 1912. Pittsburgh G .L .andM .W . 1 2 2 11 72.0 $0,399 $28 7S 72.0 .555 39.96 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 3 13 * 72.0 .531 38.23 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. 1 2 2 11 72.0 72.0 .482 34.70 .605 43 59 1 Total....... 3 13 72.0 .586 42.23 1 T o ta l___ 1913. 10 2 10 2 10 REHEATERS’ HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh___ G. L.andM .W . 1 2 12 12 72.0 $0,328 $23.62 72.0 .280 23.13 ....... T o ta l___ 3 21 72.0 .304 21.87 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W . 1 2 12 11 72.0 72.0 . 354 25.49 .336 24.19 .......|.... 1 12 10 Total....... 3 23 72.0 .345 24.87 1 22 1913. 1 1 6 5 6 5 1 1 11 11 1 ROLL ENGINEERS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. 4 14 18 77.6 $0,253 $19.65 73.3 .349 25.53 8 4 0 2 8 4 T o ta l.... 7 32 75.2 .307 22 95 12 8 8 4 3 4 14 18 77.0 73.3 .276 21.35 .360 26 3-1 12 4 2 10 4 7 32 74.9 .323 24.16 16 12 4 1913. Pittsburgh.. G. L.andM. W. Total ! i 186 BULLETIN OF THE BUEEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le ROLLERS. Year and district. Aver Num Aver age age rate Num ber full time ber of of of plants. em hours wages ploy per per ees. week. hour. 1912. 3 3 g 6 6 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Total...... Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Total 1913. Avera t time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un® der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 72.0 $0,609 $43.86 72.5 .695 50.37 1 1 5 4 1 2 14 72.2 .616 46.65 1 1 9 3 3 3 8 6 72.8 72.5 .688 50.18 .693 50.19 6 4 2 2 6 i4 72.6 .690 50.18 10 4 ROLLERS' HELPERS. 1912. 1 1 4 2 72.9'*0. 224 $16.34 72.0 .462 33.26 4 2 6 72.6 .304 21.98 4 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. 1 1 4 2 74.0 72.0 .286 21.16 .396 23.51 4 Total...... 2 6 73.3 .323 23.61 4 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Total 1913. 2 2 2 2 TABLE LEVER MEN. 2 4 16 64 73.5 $0,277 $20.26 65.5 .421 26.96 Total...... 6 80 67.1 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. 2 4 16 64 Total...... 6 80 1913. 4 7 7 13 00 1912. Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W. 12 22 2 .392 25.62 11 20 13 12 22 2 73.5 65.5 .343 25.07 .434 28.12 2 10 3 8 9 12 2 8 14 12 67.1 .416 27.51 12 11 21 10 14 12 2 5 5 8 TABLE MEN. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. 2 3 12 18 72.0 $0.291 $20.92 72.0 .346 24.92 4 Total___ 5 30 72.0 .324 23.32 4 2 3 12 18 72.0 72.0 .354 25.52 .353 25.44 5 30 72.0 .354 25.47 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Total ---- ---- 2 1 4 ! 5 1 5 | 61 13 11 10 4 21 41 1 187 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF LA BO R -----S T A N D A R D R A IL M I L L S . I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le GUIDE SETTERS. Year and district. 1913. Pittsburgh.. G. L.andM .W . Total. 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Total Aver Aver age Num Aver age age full ber Num of full rate time ber of em time of hours wages week plants. ploy ly per per ees. week. hour. earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 2 2 12 5 72.5 $0,302 $21.89 58.2 .432 24.35 2 5 5 2 2 1 4 17 68.3 .340 22.61 2 5 7 2 1 2 2 12 73.8 58.2 .368 27.14 .421 23 9^ 2 4 a 4 17 69.2 .384 26.20 2 6 2 1 8j 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 7 HOT-SAW MEN. 1913. 3 4 6 14 72.0 $0,211 $15.16 72.0 .281 2). 20 2 7 23 72.0 .260 18.69 2 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . 3 4 6 14 72.0 72.0 Total...... 7 20 72.0 Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM .W . Total 1913. 1 | 3 2!i 5i 8 4 8 4'....... .268 19.26 .289 2). 83 2 4j 3 2 11 8 .283 20.36 ej 5 9 1 HOT-SAW MEN’ S HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 3 4 20 35 72.2 $0.169 $12.21 72.0 .170 12.26 3 13 29 4 6 Total...... 7 55 72.1 .170 12.24 3 42 10 3 4 22 37 72.2 72.0 .214 15.44 .194 13.97 4 28 7 59 72.1 .201 14.52 32j 27 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Total 18 9 ...J ... i HOTBED LEVER MEN. 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.anaM. W. 3 4 16 19 72.3 $0.191 $13. sJ 72.0 .198 14. 281 Total...... 7 35 72.1 .195 14.07j 3 4 16 20 7 36 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Total 4 3 9 6 6 11 12 12 72.3 72.0 .218 15. 74! .209 15.05'....... ... J ____ 6 4 10 16 72.1 .213 15.361 10 26 ------ 188 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS, I I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EAM lNGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le H OTBED M EN. Year and district. Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. 1912. 1 1 ! Number of employees earning each classified rate of i ! wages per hour. Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 12 14 time of and and and and and and and and and 70 hours wages week and un un un un un un un un cts. un un ly per per der der der der der der der der der der and week. hour. earn ings. 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 16J 3 4 16 30 72.0 $0,185 $13.30 72.0 .178 12.85 ” Ve 1 10 14 1 2 4 4 4 7 46 72.0 .181 13.01 16 1 24 3 8 4 Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. 3 4 18 30 72.0 72.0 .218 15.67 .203 14.62 6 2 16 14 4 2 Total...... 7 48 72.0 .209 15.01 6 18 18 2 Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Total,. . 1913. 4 4 S T R A IG H T E N E R S , G A G P R E S S . 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. 3 4 40 70 Total...... 7 110 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Total 57.6 $0.388 $22.86 60.0 .586 34.79 36 59.1 .514 30.45 36 3 4 40 61 57.6 60.2 | .464 26.70 . 650 38.88 ....... I.... 7 101 59.2 .576 34.06 1 ! 18 4 46 6 18 50 6 36 4 14 41 6 36 18 41 6 STR AIG H TEN ER S* H E L P E R S . 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Total 1913. 3 4 41 105 72.0 $0.195 $14.05 69.5 .218 14.73 25 65 12 18 4 7 146 70.2 .211 14.54 90 30 4 38 72.0 9.5 69.2 .221 15.91 . 265 17.79 34 32 39 4 70.0! . 253 17.28 1 34 71 4 16 6 16 6 = Pittsburgh....... G. L.and M.W. 3 4 Total...... 7 131 22 22 1 C H IP P ER S . 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W. Total 1913. Pittsburgh....... G. L.and M. W. Total 72.oto.218 $15.67 69.4 .227 15.84 1 8 18 18 8 40 8 70.2 .224 15.79 9 36 48 8 12 35 68 72.0 69.0 .271 19.51 .265 18.38 1 2 8 22 18 32 8 12 103 70.0 .267 18.76 3 30 50 20 3 4 35 78 7 113 3 4 7 1 Earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 12 ----- ------- 189 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----STANDARD RAIL MILLS. I I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le DRILLERS AND PUNCHERS. Year and district. 1912. Aver Aver age Num Aver age age full ber full rate time Num of time of ber of em plants. ploy hours wages week ly per earn ees. per hour. week. ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 36 77 26 44 16 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. Pittsburgh....... O. L. and M. W. 3 4 78 125 72.0 $0,222 $16.00 69.5 .208 14.46 Total...... 7 203 70.5 .214 15.05 2 113 70 16 2 3 4 78 101 72.0 69.4 .250 18.02 .247 17.01 2 .... 42 58 36 29 12 7 179 70.5 .249 17.45 2 .... 100 65 12 5 12 2 2 1 17 . . . . 2 31 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W. Total 2 .... 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 COLD-SAW MEN. 1912. Pittsburgh____ G. L.andM. W. 3 3 9 13 79.6 $0,232 $18.68 66.5 .199 13.30 6 22 71.8 .213 15.50 Pittsburgh....... G. L. andM. W. 3 3 10 13 80.0 66.5 .244 19.68 .225 15.01 6 12 4 Total...... 6 23 72.3 .233 17.04 18 4 Total 1913. 1 1 ! 1 COLD-SAW MEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM . W. Total 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM. W . Total 3 4 29 25 75.3 $0,199 $15.22 71.0 .164 11.63 21 ___ 25 4 4 7 54 73.3 .183 13.56 46 . . . . 4 4 3 4 26 22 75.7 70.9 .220 16.84 .184 13.03 12 2 8 16 2 8 7 48 73.5 .204 15.10 12 10 18 8 ----- ------ INSPECTORS. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G.L.andM. W. 3 4 22 52 72.0 $0,214 $15.39 70.5 .235 16.50 2 2 17 13 28 5 2 2 3 Total...... 7 74 70.9 .229 16.17 2 19 41 7 2 3 3 4 19 54 72.0 70.0 .247 17.75 .262 18.24 12 23 4 25 3 3 2 1 7 73 70.5 .258 18.11 35 29 6 2 1 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L .andM .W . Total 190 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS^-Concluded. T a b le LABORERS. Year and district. Aver Num Aver age age Num ber full rate of time ber of of plants. em hours wages ploy per per ees. week. hour. 1912. Pittsburgh....... G. L.andM. W. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of ‘wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. ! 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 3 4 95 232 70.9 $0.168 $11.91 70.0 .169 11.87 17 78 232 Total 7 327 70.2 .169 11.88 17 310 1913. Pittsburgh....... G.L. andM. W. 3 4 113 264 71.3 70.2 .191 13.64 .194 13.60 30 18 22 167 7 377 70.5 .193 13.61 J 52 185 140 Total...... 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. == 65 75 191 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL T a b le MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver ber Over of Over Occupation, and number of plants. Year. em 56 time 48 Over 48 60 72 hours and and and and 72 60 and 84 ploy- per un .under under under under week der. 60 72 84 56 Charging-machine operators: 3 plants............................. 1910 1911 1912 22 22 22 72.0 72.0 72.0 22 22 22 1912 1913 14 14 72.0 72.0 14 14 1910 1911 1912 23 23 23 72.2 72.0 72.0 21 23 23 1912 1913 13 13 72.0 72.0 13 13 1910 1911 1912 1913 24 24 24 23 71.3 72.0 72.0 72.0 1910 1911 42 37 77.4 76.2 20 18 e 12 16 7 7 plants. 1911 1912 43 48 75.8 74.1 18 28 18 18 7 2 7 plants. 1912 1913 32 32 75.2 74.9 14 20 14 8 4 4 1910 1911 12 12 72.3 72.3 10 10 2 2 1911 1912 1913 14 14 14 72.2 72.2 72.6 12 12 11 2 2 3 1910 1911 3 1 72.0 72.0 3 1 1911 1912 1913 3 6 6 72.7 72.6 73.3 1 * 2 3 2 plants. Reheaters: 4 plants. 3 plants............. Reheaters ’ helpers: 3 plants............. Roll engineers: 6 plants___ Rollers: 5 plants. 6 plants. Rollers' helpers: 1 plant___ _ 2 plants. Tablu lever men; 6 plants........- 6 plants. Table men. 4 plants. 5 plants. Guide setters: 5 plants.. . 7 plants. 12 2 12 24 24 23 2 4 3 1910 1911 1912 -74 65.5 69 64.0 74 64.5 24 24 24 44 45 50 6 1912 1913 80 80 67.1 67.1 18 18 60 60 2 2 1910 1911 26 26 72.0 72.0 26 26 1911 1912 27 25 72.4 72.5 26 24 1912 1913 30 30 72.0 72.0 30 30 1910 1911 20 17 66.8 65.8 3 3 3 3 1911 1912 27 30 66.8 67.3 3 3 6 6 1912 1913 * 17 68.3 17 69.2 1 3 3 1 1 14 11 1 1 11 14 6 6 g 8 6 6 192 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL T a b le MILLS—Continued. NUMBER—Continued. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num A.verae:e ber full Over Over of time 48 i Over 56 Occupation, and number of plants. Year. em 72 48 60 and and and and and 60 84 ploy hours 72 un under per under under under ees. week. der. 60 56 72 84 Hot-saw men: 6 plants................... 1910 1911 72.0 72.0 19 14 7 plants................... 1911 1912 72.0 72.0 16 18 7 plants................... 1912 1913 72.0 72.0 20 20 1910 1911 72.4 72.1 62 51 8 7 plants................... 1911 1912 72.1 72.1 58 65 8 8 7 plants................... 1912 1913 47 51 8 8 Hot-saw men’s helpers: 6 plants................... Hotbed lever men: 6 plants................... 55 72.1 72.1 j 1910 1911 74.1 72.1 28 19 8 7 plants................... 1911 1912 72.1 72.1 23 27 8 8 7 plants................... 1912 1913 72.1 72.1 27 28 8 8 1910 1911 73.6 72.0 38 43 7 plants................... 1911 1912 72.0 72.2 47 46 7 plants.................... 1912 1913 72.0 72.0 46 48 Hotbed men: 6 plants................... Straighteners, gag press: 5 plants................... 1910 1911 106 90 59.0 56.3 66 56 6 6 plants................... 1911 1912 94 56.9 57.6 56 56 6 6 32 36 7 plants.................... 1912 1913 110 101 59.1 59.2 56 51 6 6 48 44 1910 1911 139 116 72.1 23 21 92 95 6 plants................... 1911 1912 120 134 69.9 70.0 21 22 99 112 7 plants.................... 1912 1913 146 131 70.2 70.0 22 22 124 109 1910 1911 114 82 72.1 70.0 12 2 16 16 61 64 70.2 70.3 2 2 16 16 73 81 20 4 91 85 21 52 102 21 24 112 121 34 4 169 156 Straighteners’ helpers: 5 plants.................... ippers: 5 plants.................... 6 plants.................... 1911 1912 7 plants.................... 1912 1913 113 103 70.2 70.0 2 14 1910 1911 152 123 76.7 70.5 20 6 plants.................... 1911 1912 133 145 70.6 70.5 7 plants,,,.............. 1912 1913 203 179 70.5 70.5 Drillers and punchers: 5 plants.................. 19 6 12 28 2 6 6 2 22 24 25 80 193 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Num ber of Occupation, and number of plants. Year. employ- Cold-saw men: 5 plants...... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Average full Over Over 56 time 48 Over 48 60 72 hours and and and and 72 60 and 84 un under per under under under der. 60 72 56 84 1910 1911 18 18 74.7 69.1 6 plants.. 1911 1912 19 19 6 plants.. 1912 1913 6 * 8 2 6 4 69.3 69.3 8 8 7 7 4 4 22 23 71.8 72.3 8 8 6 6 4 4 1910 1911 30 31 76.0 72.0 20 31 4 plants.. 1911 1912 - 36 29 72.0 72.0 36 29 7 plants.. 1912 1913 54 48 73.3 73.5 2 2 1910 1911 68 48 75.5 70.4 9 3 7 plants.. 1911 1912 68 76 70.9 71.0 7 plants.. 1912 1913 74 73 1910 1911 7 plants.. 1 plants.. Cold-saw men’s helpers: 3 plants..................... Inspectors: 5 plants.. Laborers: 6 plants.. 10 4 5 10 44 38 8 8 6 30 39 29 3 3 6 6 59 67 70.9 70.5 3 5 6 7 65 61 501 370 76.0 71.9 45 20 22 56 209 218 44 225 32 1911 1912 382 417 71.9 71.9 20 30 56 54 230 238 44 68 32 27 1912 1913 327 377 70.2 70.5 21 28 46 37 257 309 3 3 PER CENT. Charging-machine operators: 3 plants........................... 1910 1911 1912 22 22 22 72.0 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 14 14 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 23 23 23 72.2 72.0 72.0 91.3 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 13 13 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 24 24 24 23 71.3 72.0 72.0 72.0 1910 1911 42 37 77.4 76.2 47.6 48.6 14.3 32.4 38.1 18.9 7 plants............................ 1911 1912 43 48 75.8 74.1 41.9 58.3 41.9 37.5 16.3 4.2 7 plants............................ 1912 1913 32 32 75.2 74.9 43.8 62.5 43.8 25.0 12.5 12.5 2 plants.. Reheaters: 4 plants.. 3 plants........... Reheaters’ helpers: 3 plants........... Roll engineers: 6 plants----- 83021°—Bull. 168—15------13 50.0 ____ 8.7 50.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 194 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. H I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of time 48 Over 56 Over Over Occupation, and number of plants. Year. em 48 60 72 and and and 72 and ploy hours 60 and per un under under ees. week. under under der. 60 56 72 84 Rollers: 5 plants.. 1910 1911 12 12 72.3 72.3 83.3 83.3 16.7 16.7 1911 1912 1913 14 14 14 72.2 72.2 72.6 85.7 85.7 78.6 14.3 14.3 21.4 1910 1911 3 1 72.0 72.0 1911 1912 1913 3 6 6 72.7 72.6 73.3 33.3 50.0 66.7 66.7 50.0 1910 1911 1912 74 69 74 65.5 64.0 64.5 32.4 34.8 32.4 1912 1913 80 80 67.1 67.1 22.5 22.5 1910 1911 26 26 72.0 72.0 5 plants.. 1911 1912 27 25 72.4 72.5 5 plants.. 1912 1913 30 30 72.0 72.0 1910 1911 20 17 66.8 65.8 15.0 17.6 15.0 17.6 7 plants.. 1911 1912 27 30 66.8 67.3 11.1 10.0 22.2 20.0 4 plants.. 1912 1913 17 68.3 17 69.2 17.6 17.6 1910 1911 19 14 72.0 72.0 100.0 7 plants. 1911 1912 16 18 72.0 72.0 100.0 7 plants. 1912 1913 20 20 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 64 59 72.4 72.1 96.9 86.4 13.6 7 plants. 1911 1912 66 73 72.1 72.1 87.9 89.0 12.1 11.0 7 plants. 1912 1913 55 59 72.1 72.1 85.5 86.4 14.5 13.6 1910 1911 34 27 74.1 72.1 82.4 70.4 29.6 7 plants. 1911 1912 31 35 72.1 72.1 74.2 77.1 25.8 22.9 7 plants. 1912 1913 35 36 72.1 72.1 77.1 77.8 22.9 22.2 6 plants.. Rollers’ helpers: 1 plant......... 2 plants. Table lever men: 6 plants.......... 6 plants.. Table men: 4 plants.. Guide setters: 5 plants... Ilot-saw men: 6 plants__ Ilot-saw men’s helpers: 6 plants................... Hotbed lever men: 6 plants............ ...... 59.5 65.2 67.6 8.1 75.0 ......... ......... 75.0 2.5 2.5 96.0 3.7 4.0 70.0 64.7 3.7 3.3 40.7 46.7 22.2 20.0 47.1 47.1 35.3 35.3 3.1 17.6 195 WAGES AMD HOURS OF LABOR— STANDARD RAIL M ILLS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber i X Over of time 48 Over 56 Over Occupation, and number of plants. Year. em 48 60 72 and and and ploy hours 60 and 72 and 84 per un imder under ees. week. under under der. 60 56 72 84 Hotbed men: 1910 1911 44 43 73.6 72.0 86.4 100.0 1911 1912 47 48 72.0 72.2 100.0 95.8 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Straighteners, gag press: 1910 1911 40 48 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 106 90 59.0 56.3 62.3 62.2 1911 1912 94 98 56.9 57.6 59.6 57.1 6.4 6.1 34.0 36.7 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 110 101 59.1 59.2 50.9 50.5 5.5 5.9 43.6 43.6 1910 1911 139 116 72.1 69.8 16.5 18.1 66.2 81.9 6 plants....... ............................ 1911 1912 120 134 69.9 70.0 17.5 16.4 82.5 83.6 7 plants ........................... 1912 1913 Chippers: 5 plants.................................... 1910 1911 146 131 70.2 70.0 15.1 16.8 84.9 83.2 114 82 72.1 70.0 10.5 2.4 14.0 19.5 53.5 78.0 ................................ 1911 1912 91 99 70.2 70.3 2.2 2.0 17.6 16.2 80.2 81.8 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Drillers and punchers: 5 plants ........................... 1910 1911 113 103 70.2 70.0 1.8 13.6 17.7 3.9 80.5 82.5 152 123 76.7 70.5 13.2 17.1 34.2 82.9 ........................... 1911 1912 133 145 70.6 70.5 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Cold-saw men: 5 plants.................................... 1910 1911 203 179 70.5 70.5 10.6 18 18 74.7 69.1 33.3 6 plants......... .. r r , ____________ Straighteners’ helpers: 6 plants 6 plants 6 plants ........................... 1911 1912 ' 6.7 5.7 52.6 44.4 11.1 33.3 22.2 19 69.3 19 69.3 42.1 42.1 36.8 36.8 21.1 21.1 36.4 34.8 27.3 26.1 18.2 17.4 76.0 72.0 66.7 100.0 1911 1912 36 29 72.0 72.0 100.0 100.0 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 54 48 73.3 73.5 3.7 4.2 ........................... 1910 1911 68 48 75.5 70.4 13.2 6.3 ........................... 1911 1912 68 76 70.9 71.0 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 74 73 70.9 70.5 21.9 83.3 87.2 30 31 7 plants * 17.3 16.7 2.2 71.8 72.3 Inspectors: 5 plants 20.8 15.8. 84.2 16.6 83.4 22 23 . ........................... 4.2 11.3 31.1 6 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Cold-saw men’s helpers: 3 plants.................................... 1910 1911 4 plants 13.6 55.6 18.2 21.7 33.3 81.5 79.2 14.8 16.7 44.1 81.3 42.6 12.5 4.4 3.9 8.8 7.9 86.8 88.2 4.1 6.8 8.1 9.6 87.8 83.6 196 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber of Over Over Occupation, and number of plants. Year. emtime 48 Over 56 48 72 60 and and and hours and 72 84 60 and ploy- per un under under under under week. der. 60 72 56 84 Laborers: 6 plants. 1910 1911 501 370 76.0 71.9 9.0 5.4 4.4 15.1 41.7 58.9 11.9 44.9 8.6 7 plants 1911 1912 382 417 71.9 71.9 5.2 7.2 14.7 12.9 60.2 57.1 11.5 16.3 8.4 6.5 7 plants 1912 1913 327 377 70.2 70.5 6.4 7.4 14.1 78.6 82.0 .9 .8 197 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS. T a b le CHARGING-MACHINE OPERATORS. Year and district. Num Num ber of ber em of plants. ploy ees. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full time 48 Over Over Over 56 48 60 72 hours and and 60 and 72 84 per un and under and week. der. under 60 under under 56 72 84 1912. 1 8 72.0 Pittsburgh.................................... 1 6West.. Great Lakes and Middle 72.0. 8 6 Total................................... 2 14 72.0 14 1913. Pittsburgh. . . . ........................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . 1 1 8 6 72.0 72.0 8 6 T o ta l.................................. 2 14 72.0 14 REHEATERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . 1 2 2 11 72.0 72.0 2 11 Total......................... ......... 3 13 72.0 13 1913. Pittsburgh.................................. Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 1 2 2 11 72.0 72.0 2 11 Total................................... 3 13 72.0 13 REHEATERS’ HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 2 12 12 72.0 72.0 12 12 Total................................... 3 24 72.0 24 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 1 2 12 11 72.0 72.0 12 11 Total................................... 3 23 72.0 23 ROLL ENGINEERS. 1912. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est. .. 3 4 14 18 77.6 73.3 14 10 4 4 Total................................... 7 32 75.2 14 14 4 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 3 4 14 77.0 18 73.3 6 14 4 4 4 Total................................... 7 32 20 8 4 74.9 198 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Continued. T a b le ROLLERS. Year and district. Num Num ber ber of em of plants. ploy ees. 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 3 3 Total................................... 6 14 1913. Pittsburgh.....................- ........ Great Lakes and Middle West... 3 3 Total................................... 6 8 6 Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over Over time 48 Over 56 48 72 hours and 60 and per un and under and 72 and 84 60 week. der. under under under 60 56 72 84 8 4 2 72.2 12 2 8 6 72.8 72.5 7 4 1 2 14 72.6 11 3 72.0 72.5 ROLLERS* HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 1 1 4 2 72.9 72.0 2 Total................................... 2 6 72.6 2 4 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 1 1 4 2 74.0 72.0 1 2 3 Total................................... 2 6 73.3 3 3 4 TABLE LEVER MEN. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . 2 4 16 73.5 64 65.5 18 14 46 2 Total................................... 6 80 67.1 18 60 2 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 2 4 16 73.5 64 65.5 18 14 46 2 Total................................... 6 80 18 60 2 67.1 TABLE MEN. 1912. 2 12 72.0 Pittsburgh.................................... 72.0 3 18 Great Lakes and Middle West... 12 18 Total................................... 5 30 72.0 30 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 2 3 12 18 72.0 72.0 12 18 Total................................... 5 30 72.0 30 199 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — S T A N D A R D R A IL M I L L S . I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Continued. T a b le GUIDE SETTERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full ber of time em 48 of plants. ploy hours per and un ees. week. der. Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 Over 72 and un der 84 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . 2 2 12 72.5 5 58.2 3 6 2 6 Total....................... ........... 4 17 68.3 3 8 6 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est. . . 2 2 12 5 73.8 58.2 3 6 2 6 Total................................... 4 17 69.2 3 8 6 HOT-SAW MEN. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . 3 4 6 14 72.0 72.0 6 14 Total................................... 7 20 72.0 20 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 3 4 6 14 72.0 72.0 6 14 7 20 72.0 20 Total .................... HOT-SAW MEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Pittsburgh ....... ...... . . . . Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 20 35 72.2 72.0 12 35 8 T o ta l................................. 7 55 72.1 47 8 Pittsburgh .............. Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 3 4 22 37 72.2 72.0 14 37 8 Total .................................. 7 59 72.1 51 8 1913. HOTBED LEVER MEN. 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 16 19 72.3 72.0 8 19 8 .■....... ..................... 7 35 72.1 27 8 1913. Pittsburgh.................................. Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 16 20 72.3 72.0 8 20 8 Total................................... 7 36 72.1 28 8 Total 84 200 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Continued. T a b le HOTBED MEN. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full ber of time em 48 of plants. ploy hours per and un ees. week. der. Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W e st... 3 4 16 30 72.0 72.0 16 30 Total................................... 7 46 72.0 46 1913. Pittsburgh .....................- ........ Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 18 30 72.0 72.0 18 30 Total................................... 7 48 72.0 48 STRAIGHTENERS, GAG PRESS. 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 Total................................... 7 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 40 61 Total................................... 7 101 57.6 60.0 24 32 6 16 32 110 59.1 56 6 48 57.6 60.2 24 27 6 16 28 59.2 51 6 44 40 70 STRAIGHTENERS’ HELPERS. 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 41 105 72.0 69.5 22 41 83 Total................................... 7 146 70.2 22 124 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 3 4 36 95 72.0 69.2 22 36 73 Total................................... 7 131 70.0 22 109 CHIPPERS. 1913. Pittsburgh ........................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 35 78 72.0 69.4 2 20 35 56 Total................................... 7 113 70.2 2 20 91 Pittsburgh ............... Great Lakes and Middle West... 3 4 35 68 72.0 69.0 14 4 35 50 T o ta l................................. 7 103 70.0 14 4 85 1913. Over 72 and un der 84 84 201 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- STANDARD RAIL MILLS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Continued. T a b le DRILLERS AND PUNCHERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full ber of time 56 of em 48 Over 48 and and and plants. ploy hours per ees. week. un under under der. 60 56 60 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... 78 72.0 3 4 Great Lakes and Middle 125W est... 69.5 Total................................... 7 203 Total................................... 7 179 70.5 72 34 78 91 34 169 19 4 78 78 19 4 156 70.5 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... 3 78 72.0 69.4 Great Lakes and Middle 4 W est... 101 Over 60 and under 72 Over 72 and under 84 84 COLD-SAW MEN. 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 3 9 13 79.6 66.5 8 1 5 4 4 Total................................... 6 22 71.8 8 6 4 4 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 3 3 10 13 80.0 6S.5 1 5 4 5 8 Total................................... 6 23 72.3 8 6 4 5 COLD-SAW MEN’S HELPERS. 1913. Pittsburgh . . Great Lakes and Middle West... 3 4 29 25 75.3 71.0 2 21 23 8 Total.................................. 7 54 73.3 2 44 8 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 26 22 75.7 70.9 2 18 20 8 Total................................... 7 48 73.5 2 38 8 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total................................... 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W e st... Total............................... iSt CO INSPECTORS. 22 52 72.0 70.5 3 6 22 43 7 74 70.9 3 6 65 3 4 19 54 72.0 70.0 5 7 19 42 7 73 70.5 5 7 61 202 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I Y .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—STANDARD RAIL MILLS— Concluded. T a b le LABORERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full ber of time 48 Over 56 em of 48 and and and plants. ploy hours per ees. week. un under under der. 60 56 60 Over 60 and under 72 72 Over 72 and under 84 84 1913. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 95 232 70.9 70.0 11 10 46 82 175 2 1 Total................................... 7 327 70.2 21 46 257 3 1913. Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 4 113 264 71.3 70.2 9 19 37 102 207 2 1 Total............. .................... 7 377 70.5 28 37 309 3 BAR MILLS. SUMMARY. Summary figures relating to the bar-mill department are given with figures for other departments of the iron and steel industry in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explanation of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages or earnings per hour of employees in the principal productive occupations in bar mills was from 7.8 per cent to 21.7 per cent higher than in any one of the six years preceding and, despite the fact that the average full time hours were 1.6 per cent lower than at the beginning of the seven-year period, this very marked increase in rates of wages was so reflected in full-time earnings per week that the average earnings in 1913 were from 6.6 per cent to 20.5 per cent higher than in any one of the six years preceding. The most significant facts concerning the several bar-mill occupa tions which are covered in this section of the report are summarized in the table following. Data are presented for each year from 1907 to 1913, inclusive, the figures for identical plants being grouped to gether. The data for 1913 represents 4,320 bar-mill employees in the 18 occupations covered, and were obtained from 26 plants, for 64 separate mills of various sizes from 8 to 18 inches, inclusive. The bar mills considered in this report are with few exceptions hand-operated mills— the exceptions being certain mills using a combination of continuous rolls and rolls in which the material is handled by men. Referring to the first occupation, laborers, direct comparison can be made of data for 10 identical plants from 1907 to 1910, 15 for 1910 and 1911, 17 for 1911 and 1912, and 21 for 1912 and 1913. The first line of the table shows that in 1907 the 10 bar mills for which reports were obtained employed 296 laborers whose average full-time hours of work were 68.3 per week. For 17.5 per cent of the 296 laborers the full-time hours per week were over 48 and not more than 60; for 47.3 per cent, over 60 and under 72; for 25 per cent, 72 hours; and for 10.1 per cent, over 72 hours. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of laborers in the year considered (1907) was $0,153. Of the total number, 9.1 per cent received under 14 cents per hour; 58.4 per cent, 14 and under 16 cents; and 32.4 per cent, 16 and under 18 cents per hour. The average full-time weekly 203 204 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. earnings were $10.44. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in 10 identical plants the average full-time weekly earnings of laborers were $10.44 in 1907, $9.93 in 1908, $10.17 in 1909, and $10.81 in 1910. While the average full-time weekly earnings in 1910 in 10 plants were $10.81, in 15 plants in the same year the average was $10.86. In the 15 plants there was a decrease from $10.86 in 1910 to $10.59 in 1911. The difference between $10.86 and $10.59 measures the change from 1910 to 1911. It would not be a proper comparison, however, to state that earnings decreased from $10.81 in 1910 to $10.59 in 1911 because of the change in the number of plants and the difference known to exist in the averages for 1910 for the two groups of plants. In 17 plants there was an increase from $10.40 in 1911 to $10.52 in 1912, and in 21 plants an increase from $10.38 in 1912 to $11.51 in 1913. The other items of the table should be studied with like care. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 of the several occupations, it is seen that the lowest average was that of laborers, which was $11.51. The averages for 4 other occupations were only slightly higher, but the averages for the remaining 13 occupations were from 30 per cent to over 400 per cent higher, the highest being that of rollers, which was $60.71. In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num ber Occupation, and num Year. of em ber of plants. ploy ees. Laborers: 10 plants.............. Aver age full time hours 48 per and week. un der. Per cent of employ ees whose earnings per hour were— Aver Aver age age full rate Over Over time 14 16 18 20 of 48 60 wages Un and and and and week and and ly der Over un un un un per in 72 72 hour. 14 der der der der earn clud un ings. der cts. 16 18 20 25 ing cts. cts. cts. cts. 60 72 1907 1908 1909 1910 296 227 324 424 17.5 68.3 64.8 42.3 67.8 ....... 24.1 67.2 ....... 30.2 15 plants.............. 1910 1911 511 355 67.8 31.0 25.0 35.8 66.0 : : : : : 29.2 49.3 19.7 8.2 1.7 .160 10.0 13.7 76.3 .160 12.4 7.3 80.3 10.86 10.59 17 plants.............. 1911 1912 390 424 65.5 65.9 35.4 44.9 18.2 30.2 48.1 19.8 1.5 1.9 .159 11.3 15.6 73.1 .159 10.4 12.7 76.9 10.40 10.52 21 plants.............. 1912 1913 536 705 65.0 64.3 37.4 42.7 18.3 45.7 44.0 3.5 1.5 6.8 .160 14.4 11.2 71.8 2.6 .178 1.1 7.4148.733.6 47.3 25.0 10.1 SO. 153 9.1 58.4 32.4 $10.44 47.6 7.9 2.2 .153 17.2 39.6 43.2 9.93 42.3 27.2 6.5 .150 15.4 56.2 28.4 10.17 26.7 41.5 1.7 .161 9.4 7.3 83.3 . . . . ....... 10.81 10.38 9.2 11.51 205 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. AVER AG E AN D CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K A N D R ATES OF W AGES PER HOUR AND A VER AG E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. Per cent of employ ees whose earnings per hour were— AverAverage full rate Over Over time 16 20 25 of 48 60 week wages Un and and and 30 and and ly per der un un un cts. in 72 Over 72 hour. 16 der der der and earn clud un ings. der 20 cts. 30 25 over. ing 72 cts. cts. cts. 60 Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Average ber full Occupation, and num Year. of time ber of plants. em 48 ploy hours per and ees. week. un der. Bundlers: 5 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 41 41 41 41 75.6 24.4 66.9 75.6 24.4 66.9 ....... 100.0 66.8 100.0 ....... 67.1 ....... 6 plants.............. 1910 1911 77 81 66.1 63.5 100.0 *44.4 55.6 7 plants.............. 1911 1912 131 132 62.0 62.0 7 plants.............. 1912 1913 129 61.6 136 61.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 14.4 68.3 15.4 1.9 104 65.5 1 102 65.6 ....... 14.7 65.7 19.6 13.0 74.8 7.5 * 4.7 107 65.9 12.7 78.2 110 66.3 9.1 ....... 18 plants............. 1910 1911 179 177 65.3 65.1 6.7 14.5 59.2 19.6 6.8 14.6 59.9 18.6 ....... .192 13.4 59.2 14.0 13.4 .185 21.5 52.6 21.5 3.4 12.40 12.02 19 plants............. 1911 1912 185 182 64.8 65.0 6.5 16.2 59.5 17.8 .184 22.7 52.5 20.5 3.2 4.9 15.9 61.0 18.1 .......: .192 12.6 57.7 15.4 13.2 1.1 11.90 1.1 12.45 19 plants............. 1912 1913 181 185 64.3 63.7 6.6 24.9 48.6 19.9 32.0 59.5 8.6 .199 12.2 49.7 22.1 14.9 .224 .5 42.7 35.1 12.4 1.1 12.72 9.1 14.17 1907 1908 1909 1910 302 299 286 302 .189 41.8 26.2 19.9 5.6 .174 47.8 33.8 11.7 4.3 .180 42.7 30.0 18.9 3.1 .208 19.9 40.7 19.2 11.9 6.6 2.3 5.2 8.3 25 plants........... 1910 1911 500 434 43.0 18.5 34.8 20.7 ....... 53.8 4.9 . . . . . 54.0 6.6 ....... 62.9 11.4 30.2 43.2 11.8 3.4 62.0 12.4 30.2 47.7 9.7 ....... .200 26.0 39.6 16.6 11.4 .18929.5 42.4 15.0 6.2 6.4 12.46 6.9 11.69 26 plants........... 1911 1912 450 461 61.9 12.0 30.4 48.2 9.3 61.7 11.7 31.6 45.3 11.3 ....... .18831.1 41.8 14.4 6.0 .192 21.5 43.2 21.9 8.2 6.6 11.61 5.2 11.80 26 plants........... 1912 1913 455 467 61.5 11.9 35.4 42.6 10.1 60.9 2.6 42.5 49.9 5.1 ....... .192 19.5 46.3 21.8 7.5 .221 8.9 34.1 36.0 13.1 4.8 11.73 7.9 13.43 1907 1908 1909 1910 58 56 56 58 53.4 8.6 37.9 72.3 ....... 50.0 17.9 32.2 71.4 71.5 ....... ....... 53.6 10.7 35.7 71.7 ....... ....... 55.2 6.9 38.0 15.5 56.9 27.6 .226 .221 17.8 62.5 19.6 .217 *7.*i 21.4 53.6 17.9 .230 13.8 62.1 24.1 ....... 22 plants........... 1910 1911 1912 99 95 97 72.0 70.4 70.0 3.0 40.4 26.3 30.3 3.2 56.8 13.7 26.3 5.1 52.6 12.4 29.9 .229 14.1 59.6 26.3 16.46 16.07 .228 ___ 14.7 62.1 23.2 .229 13.4 64.9 21.6 ....... 16.05 20 plants........... 1912 1913 93 97 70.1 70.5 ....... 5.4 52.7 12.9 29.1 8.3 40.2 9.3 42.3 .228 .249 1907 1908 1909 1910 201 172 185 215 16.4 62.2 20.4 1.0 65.9 66.2 ....... 19.8 58.7 16.9 4.7 67.3 ....... 20.6 59.5 4.3 15.7 65.3 23.2 65.1 11.6 ....... .174 48.7 30.4 13.9 .16854.0 30.8 12.2 .169 55.2 26.5 14.6 .184 31.2 38.1 22.3 23 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 355 359 358 64.7 12.7 15.2 44.5 21.7 5.9 63.8 13.4 18.1 50.4 18.1 .. . 63.9 13.4 18.8 46.4 18.2 3.4 .18727.0 38.9 24.5 5.6 .178 28.4 49.6 15.9 5.0 .184 17.9 47.5 26.3 7.3 22 plants.. 1912 1913 337 316 63.4 15.1 20.2 46.9 14.2 62.8 ....... 34.2 61.4 1.3 .183 18.4 49.2 23.7 8.0 .6 11.52 .214 11.434.4 35.8 7.0 11.4 13.30 Chargers and helpers: 12 plants......... Hotbed men: 15 plants............. Roll engineers: 13 plants........... Shearmen’s helpers: 15 plants........... 63.3 63.2 63.3 63.3 4.0 4.0 4.2 5.0 $0,202 56.1 39.0 2.4 2.4 $13.53 11.68 .174 34.2 56.1 7.3 2.4 12.42 .186 9.8 75.6 14.6 .213 4.9 26.9 63.4 *4.9 ....... 14.23 .207 2.6 42.9 51.9 2.6 .193 1.2 59.3 37.0 2.5 13.69 12.28 65.6 34.4 65.2 34.8 .197 .193 .8 36.6 61.1 1.5 80.3 18.2 1.5 12.20 11.94 70.6 29.5 72.0 27.9 ....... ....... .194 79.9 18.6 1.6 .228 . . . . 1.5 88.2 8.8 11.96 1.5 14.05 34.4 40.5 37.1 34.5 3.6 3.2 .173 48.1 36.5 .161 59.8 35.3 .161 62.7 29.9 .181 21.8 61.9 9.6 4.8 1.0 4.9 ___ 7.5 9.1 *7*3 ....... 11.34 10.56 10.60 11.87 11.98 10.93 11.00 13.02 16.29 15.76 15.52 16.52 16.02 14.0 65.6 20.4 4.1 30.9 58.8 "6*2 17.56 6.0 1.7 2.7 7.4 1.0 1.2 1.1 .9 11.46 11.07 11.32 12.00 3.9 12.02 1.2 11.28 1.1 11.74 206 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVER AG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K A N D RATES OF W AGES PER HOUR AN D A V ER AG E FULL-TIM E W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. Per cent of employ ees whose earnings per hour were— Aver Aver age age full rate time 16 20 25 of and and and 30 week ly un un un cts. Over per der der der and earn 72 hour. 20 25 30 over. ings. cts. cts. cts. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Average ber full Occupation, and num Year. of time ember of plants. hours 48 pioy- per and un der. Stockers: 8 plants.. Over Over 48 60 and and in un clud der ing 72 60 17.2 8. 20.0 65.6 14.4 18.2 78.4 3.4 17.2 79.3 3.4 64.4 64.1 64.2 64.3 4.3 $0,178 8.7:67.7 23.7 .167 28.962.2 .168 19.8:46.6 11.4 2.3 .190 8.059.8 32.2 $11.43 10.72 10.79 12.17 1907 1908 1909 1910 87 13 plants. 1910 1911 170 164 59.0 15.9 28.8 50.6 59.6 16.5 37.2 42.7 4.7 3.7 .250 4.1 30.6 30.0 13. 21.8 14.24 .230 3.6|36.6 26.8 11.6 21.3 13.41 15 plants. 1911 1912 211 217 60.9 12. 40.4 34.1 12.8 60.9 12.4 43. 30.9 12. .217 2.8!48. 22.7 i.O 16. 12.94 17.1 17.1 13.79 .231 3.2.36.4 17 plants. 1912 1913 60.9 12.6 40.4 34.0 13.0 51.8 45.1 3.1 60.6 .232 3.234. 26.5 18.1 17.2 13.88 .253 1.3126.5 26.5 21.2 24.3 15.12 20 30 40 Un-and and and 50 der un un un cts. 20 der der der and cts. 30 40 50 over. cts. cts. cts. Drag downs: 11 plants.. 1907 1908 1909 1910 64.4 63.9 64.0 64.0 18.6 60.5 18.6 24. 52.4 23.2 24.1 69.9 3.6 22.5 3.4 2.3 2.4 4.5 .271 26.8 38.4 23.3 7.0 .246 40.3 34.218.3 .250 32.5 41.0:21.7 29.134.8|27.0 4.7 17.31 7.3 15.58 15.93 4.5 18.19 19 plants.. 1910 1911 132 123 65.1 04.9 21.2 56.8 18. 22. 00.3 20.3 3.0 1.6 25.8 46.3 22.0 18.8 62.6 12.2 3.0 17.44 3.3 16.88 20 plants.. 1911 1912 12: 130 64.7 64.3 23.6 55.1 19.7 25.4 53.8 19.2 1. 1.5 .26218.0 63.7 11.8 .253 27.7,44.6 21.5 3.1 16.78 16.12 20 plants.. 1912 1913 121 124 63.8 63.1 36.3 44.6 17.4 36.3 54.8 7.3 1.7 1.6 .251 24.9 52.0 19 .281 11.3 51. 28.2 15.81 17.57 1907 1908 1909 1910 65 63 63 64 65.9 66. 66.21 66.1 26.1 23.8 22.2 20.3 17 plants__ 1910 1911 19 plants__ 21 plants__ Finishers: 10 plants.. Heaters’ helpers 14 plants__ 24 plants__ 25 plants.... 24 plants__ 47 26.2 49.2 27.0 68.3 9.5 75.0 4.7 .309 9.2 47.7 18.5 20.0 .279 11.260.3 19.0 9.5 .300 8.0 49.2 27.0 15.9 .329 4.734.4 .1 15.6 20.45 18.53 19.8$ 6.3 21.$) 111 110 64.0 13.5 16.2 55.0 15.3 63.4 13.6 22.8 45. 18.2 .323 4.5 42.3 32.4 14.4 .309 6.3 41.8 36.4 12.7 6.3 20.48 2.7 19.50 1911 1912 121 126 62.8 12.4 26.4 44.6 16.5 62.5 11. 43. 15.9 .313 .319 38.8 34.7 16.5 46.8 27.0 11.9 2.5 19.60 7.2! 19.92 1912 1913 137 134 62.0 10.9 37.9 38.0 13.1 61. ___ 50.1! 42.5 7.5 .328 .363 41.631.4 10.9 9.5 20.29 27.636. 14.2 16.4 22.36 1907 1908 1909 1910 167 153 151 65.3 65.1 65.0 65.2 1910 1911 64, 15.6 56.2 20. 74.2 1.3 74.7 1.8 3.6 2.6 4.0 4.8 .246 44.4 34.813.8 .22754.3 28.8 12.4 .23446.4 39.1 10.6 .262 24.7 51.8 10.8 2.4 1.3 1.3 6.0 281 62.6 16.3 I8. 3; 52.2 10.5 62.5 17.1 16. lj 53.4 10.7 2.8 2. .273^20.0 46.825.1 .262 22.0 50.5,20.3 4.4 16.77 3.6 16.05 1911 1912 319 62.7 16.4 15.4! 55.3 10.2 62.2 14.1 24.8| 50.5 9.4 2.7 1.3 .259 23.2 50.1'19.8 .200 23.2:49.9 20.1 3.4 15.94 1. 16.01 1912 1913 318 324 61.9 14.2 31.1 47.2 62.0 .9 44.4i50.3 1.3 1.2 .25125.850.9 20. 2 .5 ____ 15.41 .6 16.77 .273l16.7>53.123.8 5.9 1 2.0 2.0 1, 14.4! 18.3; 18.5' 16.8j 6.3 3.1 15.77 14.50 14.87 16.70 2 07 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R -----B A R M I L L S . A V E R A G E A N D CLASSIFIED FULL-TIM E HOURS PER W E E K AN D R A TE S OF W AG ES PER HOUR AN D AVER AG E FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Average ber full Occupation, and num Year. of time em ber of plants. 48 ploy hours per and ees. week. un der. Hook ups: 12 plants.. Per cent of employ ees whose earnings per hour were— AverAverage full rate Over Over time of 20 30 40 48 week 60 wages Un and and and 50 and and per der un un un cts. ly in 72 Over 72 hour. 20 der der der and earn clud un der cts. 30 40 50 over. ings. ing 72 cts. cts. cts. 60 1907 1908 1909 1910 92 84 82 93 20 plants.. 1910 1911 174 144 63.2 15.5 17.2 42.5 24.7 63.4 14.6 16.8 43.8 25.0 ....... .272 26.4 37.4 25.9 9.2 .251 37.5 28.5 31.2 1.4 21 plants.. 1911 1912 154 167 63.0 13.6 19.4 43.5 23.4 62.2 12.6 25.8 40.7 21.0 ....... .25037.031.1 29.2 1.3 1.3 15.66 . 249 34.2j44.3 16.8 4.8 ....... 15.56 22 plants.. 1912 1913 177 175 61.9 11.9 32.2 36.2 19.8 61.4 1.7 42.2 42.9 13.1 ....... .254 32.2 42.9 20.3 4.5 15.74 .300 5.2 40.6 40.0 14.3 ....... 18.27 1907 1908 1909 1910 97 94 94 95 18 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 180 177 176 62.8 21.7 13.9 44.4 20.0 62.5 22.0 15.2 42.4 20.3 ....... 62.7 20.5 15.4 43.8 20.5 ....... .295 28.3 25.5 28.3 12.2 .273 28.7 41.2 18.6 8.5 .287 23.9 41.4 23.3 6.2 5.5 18.35 2.8 16.97 5.1 17.97 18 plants.. 1912 1913 170 168 62.2 21.2 17.1 42.9 18.8 61.8 3.6 38.2 47.6 10.7 ....... ; .284 23.7 42.9 24.1 4.1 .320 20.3 20.8 40.5 8.9 5.3 17.56 9.5 19.71 1907 1908 1909 1910 94 92 93 97 64.8 30.9 51.1 18.1 65.1 ....... 33.7 45.7 20.7 65.3 ....... 33.4 59.1 3.2 **4*3 32.0 61.9 6.2 ....... 65.0 .249 40.5 34.1 21.3 .216 52.2,40.2 6.5 .225 49.5:38.7 9.7 *i.’ i .247 42.2 33.0 20.6 3.1 4.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 25 plants. 1910 1911 1912 156 151 154 63.3 62.5 62.4 9,6 30.1 46.2 10.3 3.8 9.9 34.4 45.0 10.6 .. . 9.7 36.3 40.9 11.7 1.3 .264 35.9 35.9 19.9 5.8 .254 45.1 31.8 13.2 6.6 .254 40.2 36.3 16.2 3.9 2.5 16.40 3.3 15.55 3.2 15.59 24 plants. 1912 1913 156 159 62.4 9.6 34.7 42.9 11.5 62.0 ....... 44.1 52.2 2.5 .251 40.4 37.8 14.7 3.8 .287 14.5 55.4 13.2 11:9 3.2 15.40 5.0 17.54 1907 1908 1909 1910 175 59.5 22.3 28.5 174 59.7 22.4 28.7 174 59.7 22.4 28.7 180 59.7 21.7 29.9 21 plants. 1910 1911 22 plants. 20 plants. Roll hands, other: 9 plants........... Shearmen: 15 plants.. Stranders: 13 plants. 63.9 9.8 <12.0 65.3 3.6 .21.5 65.7 3.7 14.6 65.6 ....... 17.3 66.8 67.0 66.8 66.7 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.3 8.3 8.5 8.5 8.5 52.2 41.7 57.3 63.4 40.2 40.4 70.2 70.5 $0,268 18.4 59.8 19.6 2.2 26.1 $17.30 33.3 ....... .225 39.4 41.6 19.0 ___ 14.70 24.4 ....... .241 21.9 61.0 17.1 15.82 19.4 ....... .303 14.0:28.0 38.7 i.7.2 *2.'2 20.06 45.4 44.7 ....... 14.9 ....... 14.7 ....... 1.3 1.3 .278 37.1 20.6 33.0 .255 36.2 39.3 11.7 .266 37.2 37.2 14.9 .315 21.0j25.2 35.8 4.1 5.2 8.5 4.3 5.3 5.4 7.4 10.5 18.53 16.97 17.65 21.06 16.20 14.10 14.72 16.11 34.3 14.9 31.6 17.2 ....... 42.0 6.9 41.7 6.7 .334 6.8 37.1 34.3 8.0 13.7 19.45 ....... 16.25 .277 12.0 48.3 39.7 .297 5.2 51.7 36.2 '6*9 17.34 .344 7.7 36.1 35.6 8.9 ii.7 20.06 272 254 60.6 17.6 30.2 39.7 12.5 59.9 18.9 32.3 35.4 13.4 ....... .301 13.6 46.7 26.1 5.9 7.7 17.85 .268 25.6 43.7 20.1 10.6 ....... 15.83 1911 1912 262 266 59.8 18.3 34.3 34.4 13.0 59.6 18.0 36.5 32.7 12.8 ....... .272 24.8 42.4 19.5 13.4 16.03 .283 22.7 44.7 18.0 6.4 **8.3 16.62 1912 1913 252 246 59.2 19.0 42.8 27.0 11.1 58.7 15.9 45.1 34.1 4.9 .284 22.2 46.4 15.9 6.7 8.7 16.56 .328 9.3 39.8 27.2 10.6 13.0 19.07 Un der 30 cts. Catchers: 11 plants.. 1.1 17.13 1.4 15.81 1907 1908 1909 1910 69 70 70 73! 62.5 62. o; 61.9 ....... 62.0' ....... 43.4 45.7 45.7 42.4 36.2 20.3 34.3 20.0 54.3 ....... 57.5 . . . . . . . . . . 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and 60 un cts. der and 60 over. cts. .442 8.7 40.6 18.8 26.1 .381 21.5 44.3 15.7 14.3 .400 12.8 52.9 14.3 14.3 .452 6.9 27.4 38.4 21.9 5.8 4.3 5.7 5.5 27.68 23.57 24.93 28.17 208 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. A V ER AG E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K A N D R ATES OF W AGES PER HOUR AND A V E R A G E FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Concluded. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— ber Occupation, and num Year. of em ber of plants. ploy ees. Catchers—Concluded. 20 plants............. Per cent of employ ees whose earnings per hour were— AverAverAverage age full full rate Over Over time time of 30 40 50 48 week hours 48 and 60 wages Un and and and 60 ly per and in and 72 Over per der un un un cts. earn week. un clud un 72 hour. 30 der der der and ings. der. ing der cts. 40 50 60 over. cts. cts. cts. 60 72 1910 1911 1912 115 111 110 60.2 13.0 40.0 40.0 59.9 13.5 38.7 40.5 59.7 13.6 39.1 40.0 7.0 $0,419 17.4 27.8 33.0 18.3 7.2 . . . . . .392 18.0 49.5 18.0 10.8 7.3 ....... .399 22.8 33.6 29.1 5.5 1912 1913 108 110 59.4 13.9 44.5 36.1 59.4 ....... 58.2 40.0 5.6 1.8 ....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 252 242 243 257 61.5 13.5 25.0 44.0 17.5 62.5 9.9 27.7 40.1 22.3 ....... 62.4 9.9 27.6 56.8 5.8 ....... 62.3 9.7 27.7 56.4 6.2 ....... .434 17.4 36.5 22.2 15.1 8.7 .343 34.3 31.4 31.0 3.3 ....... .368 23.1 45.7 21.8 9.5 .407 21.7 28.0 27.6 20.2 2.3 25 plants............. 1910 .1911 425 395 61.0 17.2 27.1 46.4 60.6 18.2 26.5 45.6 9.4 9.6 ....... .402 21.4 29.9 30.1 17.2 .376 22.2 44.1 20.5 12.2 1.4 24.51 1.0 22.65 26 plants............. 1911 1912 403 408 60.5 17.9 27.1 45.7 60.2 17.6 28.4 44.9 9.4 9.1 ....... .377 21.9 43.7 21.6 11.9 .389 23.5 29.9 28.9 14.7 1.0 22.68 2.9 23.36 26 plants............. 1912 1913 405 407 59.9 17.8 34.9 39.8 59.8 6.1 47.7 42.5 7.7 3.7 ....... .393 24.2 28.1 27.9 16.8 .436 13.0 23.8 35.6 22.4 3.0 23.42 5.2 26.00 20 plants............. Roughers: 15 plants............. .415 15.8 34.3 35.2 5.6 9.3 24.81 .462 12.7 19.1 32.7 25.5 10.0 27.67 40 Un and der un 40 der cts. 50 cts. Heaters: 15 plants. 3.5 $25.45 3.6 23.70 9.1 23.92 50 and un der 60 cts. 26.28 21.35 22.72 25.21 60 and 70 un Cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1907 1908 1909 1910 121 112 112 142 63.9 63.9 64.0 64.2 70.2 9.9 60.7 15.2 69.6 4.5 72.5 7.0 1.7 1.8 3.6 4.2 .508 29.0 14.9 35.5 10.7 9.9 .467 30.4 31.3 22.3 9.8 6.3 .488 18.8 30.4 35.7 9.8 5.4 .502 24.6 25.4 31.0 8.5 10.6 25 plants. 1910 1911 217 180 62.9 8.3 20.7 58.1 10.1 62.6 10.0 18.8 59.4 9.4 2.7 2.2 .507 25.4 25.3 26.3 14.3 8. a 31.73 .512 27.8 17.2 30.6 14.4 10.0 31.97 26 plants. 1911 1912 184 199 62.7 62.4 9.8 18.5 60.3 9.0 22.6 57.3 9.2 9.0 2.2 2.0 .510 27.8 18.5 29.9 14.1 .482 36.2=18.1 20.6 18.6 26 plants. 1912 1913 196 211 61.8 61.7 9.2 30.6 50.0 1.4 38.8 53.1 8.2 4.3 2.0 2.3 .499 33.618.4 20.9 18.9 8.2 30.60 .560 14.2 23.2 22.3 24.2 16.1 34.25 1907 1908 1909 1910 65 63 63 67 22 plants. 1910 1911 124 116 62.4 12.1 29.0 46.8 12.1 62.0 12.9 29.3 42.2 15.5 .928 2.4 6.5 6.5 17.7 66.9 58.21 .882 .91 7.8 10.3 18.1 62.9 55.26 23 plants. 1911 1912 120 124 62.0 12.5 30.0 42.5 15.0 61.7 12.1 33.0 40.3 14.5 ....... .873 .8 9.2 10.0 17.5 62.5 54.65 .860 1.6 4.0 12.9 16.9 64.5 53.63 24 plants. 1912 1913 128 130 61.6 11.7 35.2 37.5 15.6 61.5 2.3 47.7 36.9 13.1 ....... .863 2.4 3.9 12.5 18.0 63.3 53.60 .989 2.3 2.3 6.2 8.5 80.8 60.71 Rollers: 13 plants. 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.1 65.5 65.7 ....... 65.5 ....... 65.2 ....... 15.8 19.7 19.7 14.1 33.8 31.7 31.7 28.4 43.1 44.4 52.4 61.2 18.5 4.6 1.013 7.7 20.0 19.0 4.8 .878 *4.8 *i.‘ 6 7.9 22.2 15.9 .917 1.6 7.9 7.9 11.1 10.4 ....... 1.010 1.5 6.0 3.0 19.4 32.35 29.66 31.06 31.87 9.8 31.87 6.5 29.84 72.3 63.5 71.4 70.1 66.88 57.88 60.40 66.23 209 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BAR MILLS. EARNINGS OF ROLLING CREWS, BY SIZE OF MILLS. In order to compare the earnings of the various members of the rolling crews in the mills of different sizes, the following table, show ing simply the average earnings per hour in 1913, has been prepared. Although the exertion increases with the size of the mill, skill and experience are such large factors that the increase in wages in any one of the occupations is by no means proportionate to the increase in the size of the mill and the weight of the product. In the case of rollers, it will be noticed that there is no connection between the size of the mill and the average earnings per hour. Whatever difference does exist is due entirely to the skill and experience of the particular roller and to the custom of the individual establishment in which he is employed. AVERAGE EARNINGS PER HOUR OF MEMBERS OF ROLLING CREWS, 1913—BAR MILLS. Size of mills. Occupation. 8-inch. Rollers........................ Rougliers................... Catchers.................... Stranders................... Finishers.................... Hook ups................... Roll hands, other___ 9-inch. 10-inch. $1,070 .391 .400 .302 .354 $0,932 .484 .619 .293 .293 $1,132 .413 .484 .392 .427 .284 .275 .387 and 12-inch. 13,14, 15 inch. 16-inch. $0,961 .447 .416 .319 .363 .323 .304 $0,676 .386 .461 .255 .345 .263 .335 $0,998 .435 .499 .523 .410 .329 .408 18-inch. $0,975 .500 .463 A ll .281 .344 Total, all sizes. $0,989 .436 .462 .328 .363 .300 .320 Owing to changes in the number of plants reported from year to year, and the consequent differences in the averages for the overlapping year in two groups of plants, it is difficult to make a comparison of the actual data over a period of several years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period. To aid in making such a comparison relative or index numbers have been computed from the averages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupation from 1907 to 1913, inclusive, and are presented in the following table. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent that the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1907 were 85.9 as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1907 were 85.9 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings of this occupation in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. The table also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings in 1913 as compared with each specified 83021°—Bull. 168—15------14 210 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. year preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers in 1913 were 16.4 per cent higher than in 1907, 24.1 per cent higher than in 1908, 23.3 per cent higher than in 1909, 9.3 per cent higher than in 1910, 16.1 per cent higher than in 1911, and 8.9 per cent higher than in 1912. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings of stockers were 6.2 per cent lower in 1908 than in 1907, 0.6 per cent higher in 1909 than in 1908, 12.8 per cent higher in 1910 than in 1909, 5.9 per cent lower in 1911 than in 1910, 6.6 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 8.9 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The other occupations and items of the table can be studied in like manner. The percentages of increase and decrease are computed from the relative numbers. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF W AGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEA R S, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—BAR MILLS. Wages per hour. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Stockers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Heaters: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Heaters' helpers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909....... ......................... 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Chargers and helpers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela tive Each speci rate 1913 as fied of com year wages pared per as with com hour. each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. Rela Each tive Each speci full speci 1913 as time 1913 as fied fied com com year weekly pared year pared earn as as with with com ings. com each each pared pared speci speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 99.6 99.2 99.3 99.5 100.5 100.5 100.0 + 0.4 + .8 + .7 + .5 - .5 - .5 100.7 100.7 100.8 101.1 100.6 100.2 100.0 - .7 - .7 - .8 - 1 .1 - .6 - .2 101.0 100.6 100.5 100.8 100.6 99.8 100.0 —1.0 - .6 - .5 - .8 - .6 + .2 99.7 99.9 100.3 100.9 100.6 100.9 100.0 + + - .3 .1 .3 .9 .6 .9 -0 .4 + .1 + •2 +1.0 0) - .5 87.7 82.3 82.8 93.6 86.1 91.7 100.0 +14.0 +21.5 +20.8 + 6.8 +16.1 + 9.1 0) + •1 + .3 - .5 - .4 — .2 94.5 86.9 90.8 93.4 94.3 89.1 100.0 + 5.8 +15.1 +10.1 + 7.1 + 6.0 +12.2 + + .4 .1 .3 .2 .8 .2 89.6 82.7 85.2 95.4 91.6 91.9 100.0 +11.6 +20.9 +17.4 + 4.8 + 9.2 + 8.8 + + + + - .2 .4 .6 .3 .3 .9 84.5 78.6 78.6 88.4 85.1 88.8 100.0 +18.3 +27.2 +27.2 +13.1 +17.5 +12.6 i No change. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - - 6.2 + .6 +13.0 - 8.0 + 6.5 + 9.1 85.9 80.6 81.1 91.5 86.1 91.8 100.0 +16.4 +24.1 +23.3 + 9.3 +16.1 + 8.9 - 8.0 + 4.5 + 2.9 + 1.0 - 5.5 +12.2 96.1 88.1 92.3 94.7 95.4 89.3 100.0 + 4.1 +13.5 + 8.3 + 5.6 + 4.8 +12.0 - 7.7 + 3.0 +12.0 - 4.0 + •3 + 8.8 90.3 83.0 85.1 95.6 91.5 91.9 100.0 +10.7 +20.5 +17.5 + 4.6 + 9.3 + 8.8 84.6 78.7 79.0 88.5 85.8 89.8 100.0 +18.2 +27.1 +26.6 +13.0 +16.6 +11.4 - 7.0 0) +12.5 - 3.7 + 4.3 +12.6 - 6.2 + .6 +12.8 - 5.9 + 6.6 + 8.9 - 8.3 + 4.8 + 2.6 + .7 - 6.4 +12.0 - 8.1 + 2.5 +12.3 - 4.3 + .4 + 8.8 - 7.0 + .4 +12.0 - 3.1 + 4.7 +11.4 211 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BAR MILLS. RELA TIV E FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EE K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEA R S, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—B A R MILLS— Continued. Wages per hour. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Relar tive full time hours per week. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in— Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in— Each Rela tive 1913 as speci rate fied com of year pared wages as per with com each hour. speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. Each Rela Each tive 1913 as speci full 1913 as speci fied fied com com time year weekly pared year pared as' as with earn with com com each ings. each pared speci pared speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. Drag downs: —2.6 1907.................................. 102.7 .................................. 1908 101.9 - 1 .9 - 0 .8 -2 .0 1909.................................. 102.0 + .1 -2 .0 1910.................................. 102.0 —1}.3 1911.................................. 101.7 —1.7 1912......... ........................ 101.1 -1 .1 - .6 - 1 .1 1913.................................. 100.0 Roll engineers: —3.0 1907................................. 103.1 - 1 .8 - 1 .3 .................................. 1908 101.8 - 2 .0 1909.................................. 102.0 + .2 - 2 .2 1910.................................. 102.3 + .3 - 2 .2 1911.................................. 100.0 0) 1912.................................. 99.4 - .6 + .6 1913.................................. 100.0 + .6 Rollers: —1.8 1907.................................. 101.8 - 2 .1 + .3 1908.................................. 102.1 - .3 - 1 .8 1909.................................. 101.8 — .5 - 1 .3 1910.................................. 101.3 1911.................................. 100.6 — .6 — .7 1912.................................. 100.2 - .2 - .4 1913.................................. 100.0 — .2 Roughers: 1907.................................. 100.0 0) +1.7 1908.................................. 101.7 —1.7 - .2 —1.5 1909.................................. 101.5 - .2 1910.................................. 101.3 —1.3 — .7 1911.................................. 100.7 — .6 - .2 — .5 1912.................................. 100.2 1913.................................. 100.0 — .2 Catchers: 1907.................................. 101.7 —1.7 — .8 - .9 1908.................................. 100.8 — .1 - .7 1909.................................. 100.7 - .8 1910.................................. 100.8 + .1 - .5 - .3 1911.................................. 100.3 1912.................................. 100.0 - .3 0) 1913.................................. 100.0 0) Stranders: -2 .0 1907.................................. 102.0 102.4 -2 .3 + -4 1908.................................. -2 .3 1909.................................. 102.4 0) 1910.................................. 102.4 -2 .3 0) - 1 .2 -1 .2 1911.................................. 101.2 - .3 1912.................................. 100.9 — .9 - .9 1913.................................. 100.0 Finishers: 1907.................................. 101.4 - 1 .4 - 2 .2 + .8 1908.................................. 102.2 - 1 .9 - .3 1909.................................. 101.9 - .1 - 1 .8 1910.................................. 101.8 - 1 .0 1911.................................. 100.8 - .8 - .5 1912.................................. 100.3 - .3 - .3 1913.................................. 100.0 Weekly earnings. 90.0 81.7 83.0 95.0 92.5 89.3 100.0 +11.1 +22.4 +20.5 + 5.3 + 8.1 +12.0 90.0 88.0 86.4 91.6 91.2 91.6 100.0 +11.1 +13.6 +15.7 + 9.2 + 9.6 + 9.2 93.5 81.0 84.6 93.2 88.6 87.3 100.0 + 7.0 +23.5 +18.2 + 7.3 +12.9 +14.5 99.6 78.7 84.4 93.4 87.4 90.1 100.0 + .4 +27.1 +18.5 + 7.1 +14.4 +11.0 92.2 79.5 83.5 94.3 88.3 89.8 100.0 + 8.5 +25.8 +19.8 + 6.0 +13.3 +11.4 90.7 75.3 80.7 93.5 83.2 86.6 100.0 +10.3 +32.8 +23.9 + 7.0 +20.2 +15.5 87.0 78.6 84.5 92.7 88.7 90.4 100.0 +14.9 +27.2 +18.3 + 7.9 +12.7 +10.6 i No change. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - - 9.2 + 1.6 +14.5 — 2.6 - 3.5 +12.0 92.1 82.9 84.7 96.8 93.7 90.0 100.0 + 8.6 +20.6 +18.1 + 3.3 + 6.7 +11.1 - 2.2 — 1.8 + 6.0 - .4 + .4 + 9.2 91.7 88.7 87.4 93.0 91.3 91.2 100.0 + 9.1 +12.7 +14.4 + 7.5 + 9.5 + 9.6 —13.4 + 4.4 +10.2 — 4.9 - 1.5 +14.5 95.7 82.8 86.4 94.8 90.0 88.3 100.0 + 4.5 +20.8 +15.7 + 5.5 +11.1 +13.3 -2 L 0 + 7.2 +10.7 — 6.4 + 3.1 +11.0 98.7 80.1 85.3 94.6 87.5 90.1 100.0 + 1.3 +24.8 +17.2 + 5.7 + 14.3 +11.0 —13.8 + 5.0 +12.9 - 6.4 + 1.7 +11.4 93.7 79.8 84.4 95.4 91.2 89.7 100.0 + 6.7 +25.3 +18.5 + 4.8 + 9.6 +11.5 -1 7.0 + 7.2 +15.9 -1 1.0 + 4.1 +15.5 91.6 76.5 81.6 94.4 83.8 86.8 100.0 + 9.2 +30.7 +22.5 + 5.9 +19.3 +15.2 - 9.7 + 7.5 + 9.7 - 4.3 + 1.9 +10.6 88.0 79.7 85.4 93.8 89.3 90.7 100.0 +13.6 +25.5 +17.1 + 6.6 +12.0 +10.3 —10.0 + 2.2 +14.3 — 3.2 — 3.9 +11.1 — — + — — + 3.3 1.5 6.4 1.8 .1 9.6 -1 3 .5 + 4.3 + 9.7 — 5.1 — 1.9 +13.3 —18.8 + 6.5 +10.9 — 7.5 + 3.0 +11.0 —14.8 + 5.8 +13.0 — 4.4 — 1.6 +11.5 —16.5 + 6.7 + 15.7 -1 1 .2 + 3.6 +15.2 — 9.4 + 7.2 + 9.8 — 4.8 + 1.6 +10.3 212 BULLETIN' OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. RE LATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PE R CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—B AR MILLS— Concluded. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Hook ups: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Roll hands, other: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913................................ Hotbed men: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Shearmen: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Shearmen’s helpers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909................................ . 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Bundlers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Laborers: 1907.................................. 1908.................................. 1909.................................. 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Wages per hour. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each tive rate speci 1913 as fied of com wages year pared per as with hour. com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. Rela Each tive Each full 1913 as speci speci 1913 as fied time fied com com year weekly pared year pared earn as as with with com ings. com each each pared pared speci speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 99.1 101.3 101.9 101.8 102.1 100.8 100.0 +0.9 -1 .3 - 1 .9 - 1 .8 -2 .1 - .8 101.0 101.3 101.0 100.8 100.3 100.6 100.0 —1.0 -1 .3 - 1 .0 - .8 - .3 - .6 102.8 102.6 102.8 102.8 101.3 101.0 100.0 —2.7 - 2 .5 - 2 .7 -2 .7 -1 .3 - 1 .0 101.8 102.3 102.6 102.1 100.8 100.6 100.0 —1.8 -2 .2 - 2 .5 -2 .1 - .8 - .6 103.2 103.6 105.3 102.2 100.8 101.0 100.0 —3.1 - 3 .5 -5 .0 -2 .2 - .8 - 1 .0 104. ,1 104.1 104.0 104.4 100.3 100.3 100.0 -3 .9 -3 .9 - 3 .8 - 4 .2 - .3 - .3 104.9 99.5 104.1 103.2 100.5 101.1 100.0 —4.7 + .5 - 3 .9 -3 .1 - .5 - 1 .1 +2.2 + .6 - .1 + .3 -1 .3 — .8 81.5 68.4 73.3 92.1 85.0 84.7 100.0 +22.7 +46.2 +36.4 + 8.6 +17.6 +18.1 + — + — .3 .3 .2 .5 .3 .6 80.5 73.8 77.0 91.2 84.4 88.8 100.0 +24.2 +35.5 +29.9 + 9.6 + 18.5 +12.6 - .2 + .2 0) - 1 .5 - .3 —1.0 81.8 75.3 77.9 90.0 85.1 86.9 100.0 +22.2 +32.8 +28.4 + 11.1 +17.5 +15.1 + .5 + .3 - .5 - 1 .3 - .2 — .6 91.6 79.5 82.8 90.9 87.5 87.5 100.0 + 9.2 +25.8 +20.8 + 10.0 + 14.3 + 14.3 + .4 +1.6 - 2 .9 - 1 .4 + .2 - 1 .0 82.2 79.4 79.8 86.9 82.7 85.5 100.0 +21.7 +25.9 +25.3 +15.1 +20.9 +17.0 0) - .1 + •4 - 3 .9 0) - .3 88.3 76.1 81.3 93.2 86.9 85.1 100.0 +13. Z +31.4 +23.0 + 7.3 +15.1 +17.5 -5 .1 +4.6 - .9 - 2 .6 + .6 - 1 .1 85.4 85.4 83.7 89.9 89.9 89.9 100.0 +17.1 + 17.1 +19.5 +11.2 +11.2 +11.2 1No change. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - -1 6.1 + 7.2 +25.6 - 7.7 .4 +18.1 81.0 68.8 74.1 93.9 86.7 86.2 100.0 +23.5 +45.3 +35.0 + 6.5 +15.3 +16.0 - 8.3 + 4.3 +18.4 - 7.5 + 5.2 +12.6 80.0 73.3 76.2 91.0 84.1 89.1 100.0 +25.0 +36.4 +31.2 + 9.9 +18.9 +12.2 - 7.9 + 3.5 +15.5 - 5.4 + 2.1 +15.1 84.3 76.9 77.4 91.6 85.9 87.3 100.0 +18.6 +30.0 +29.2 + 9.2 + 16.4 +14.5 -1 3.2 + 4.2 + 9.8 - 3.7 0) +14.3 92.9 80.8 84.4 92.4 87.6 87.8 100.0 + 7.6 +23.8 +18.5 + 8.2 + 14.2 + 13.9 - 3.4 + .5 + 8.9 - 4.8 + 3.4 +17.0 84.7 81.8 83.7 88.7 83.2 86.6 100.0 +18.1 +22.2 +19.5 +12.7 +20.2 +15.5 -1 3 .8 + 6.8 +14.6 - 6.8 - 2.1 +17.5 92.2 79.6 84.6 97.0 87.0 85.1 100.0 + 8.5 +25.6 +18.2 + 3.1 +14.9 +17.5 0) - 2.0 + 7.4 ?) O) + 11.2 88.3 84.0 86.0 91.4 89.2 90.2 100.0 +13.3 + 19.0 + 16.3 + 9.4 +12.1 +10.9 -1 5.1 + 7.7 +26.7 - 7.7 - .6 +16.0 - 8.4 + 4.0 +19.4 - 7.6 + 5.9 +12.2 - 8.8 + .7 +18.3 - 6.2 + 1.6 +14.5 -13.0 + 4.5 + 9.5 - 5.2 + .2 +13.9 - 3.4 + 2.3 + 6.0 - 6.2 + 4.1 +15.5 -1 3 .7 + 6.3 +14.7 -1 0.3 - 2.2 +17.5 - 4.9 + 2.4 + 6.3 - 2.4 + 1.1 +10.9 233 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R -----B A R M I L L S . A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the bar-mill department as a whole, as determined by a combina tion of the data for the several principal productive occupations which are covered by this section of the report. The method of computing the figures of this table is explained on page 23. From the table following, under “ weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the industry as a whole in 1907 were 92.4, as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1907 were 92.4 per cent of those in 1913. The relative dropped to 83.0 in 1908, advanced to 84.8 in 1909, and to 93.8 in 1910, dropped to 89.3 in 1911, and advanced to 90.2 in 1912. In 1913, the base year, the relative was 100. The next column shows that full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 8.2 per cent higher than in 1907, 20.5 per cent higher than in 1908, 17.9 per cent higher than in 1909, 6.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 12 per cent higher than in 1911, and 10.9 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column under “ weekly earnings” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time weekly earnings each year as com pared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings were 10.2 per cent lower in 1908 than in 1907, 2.2 per cent higher in 1909 than in 1908, 10.6 per cent higher in 1910 than in 1909, 4.8 per cent lower in 1911 than in 1910, 1 per cent higher in 1912 than in 1911, and 10.9 per cent higher in 1913 than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour may be read in like manner. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1907 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, A L L OCCUPATIONS—BAR MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in— Year. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. Rela tive full time hours per week. 101.6 101.1 102.1 101.8 100.5 100.3 100.0 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. -1 .6 -1 .1 -2 .1 -1 .8 - .5 - .3 Each speci fied year as com- Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in— Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - per hour. Rela Each tive Each speci full 1913 as speci 1913 as fied time fied com year weekly com year pared pared as earn as with with com ings. com each each pared pared speci with speci with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 91.5 82.2 83.8 92.8 89.0 89.9 100.0 + 9.3 +21.7 +19.3 + 7.8 +12.4 +11.2 Rela tive rate of with year pre ceding. - 0 .5 +1.0 - .3 -1 .3 - .2 - .3 Weekly earnings. -1 0 .2 + 1.9 +10.7 -4 .1 + 1.0 +11.2 92.4 83.0 84.8 93.8 89.3 90.2 100.0 + 8.2 +20.5 +17.9 + 6.6 +12.0 +10.9 -1 0 .2 + 2.2 +10.6 - 4.8 + 1.0 +10.9 214 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. In considering weekly earnings, it should be remembered that a reduction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings, just as an increase in wages, of course, tends to increase them. Between 1907 and 1913 it will be observed that hours were reduced 1.6 per cent, and that wages per hour were increased 9.3 per cent, each tending to offset the other in weekly earnings. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the department must be considered; that is, the change in the relative number of employees in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occupations or a decrease in the rela tive number of those in the higher-paid ones would tend to lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would tend to increase the average. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in bar-mill plants whose customary working time per week was 5 days or turns, or 6 days, or 7 days, or variations thereof, are shown in the following table. The figures are presented for each of the three districts for which bar mills are reported, and for the three combined. The employees given under the heading “ 5 days, 5 days, and 6 days in rotation” and “ 5 days, 6 days, and 6 days in rotation” are engaged in occupations for which the plant employs three shifts instead of the customary two to complete the 24 hours of the day. For example, every week one-third or two-thirds of the employees reported under these headings worked 6 turns instead of the cus tomary 5 per week. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT WORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EEK, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—B A R MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Employees whose customary working time per week was— District, and number of plants. Eastern: 3 plants. 8 plants. Num~ ber 5 of days Year. em and 6 5 ploy- days. days alter nate ly. 5 days, 5 days, and 6 days in rota tion. 5 days, 5 days and 7 days, and 6 days. days alter days in nate rota lytion. 1907 1908 1909 1910 313 355 357 380 1 1 1 11 242 290 290 70 64 66 103 1910 1911 890 794 157 323 453 406 340 1 6 days, days, days 7 and 7 days, days, 7 days and 7 and 7 days. alter days days in nate in ly- rota rota tion. tion. 215 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EM PLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W O R K IN G EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF D A Y S PER W E E K , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. NUMBER—Concluded. Employees whose customary working time per week District, and number of plants. Num ber 5 days of Year. em 5 and 6 ploy days. days alter ees. nate ly* Eastern—Concluded 8 plants.............. 5 6 5 5 days, days, days, days, days days 7 6 and 7 and 7 days, days, days, days, 7 and 6 and 6 days. days days and 7 and 7 days. alter alter days days days days in nate nate in in in rota rota ly. ly. rota rota tion. tion. tion. tion. 831 887 455 551 375 322 1912 946 1913 1,083 588 684 344 353 1,215 1,060 1,1C3 1,311 561 455 465 675 521 479 579 552 10 plants....................... 1910 2,185 1911 1,999 676 730 1,403 1.167 806 1,188 1.167 10 plants...................... 1912 1913 2,309 Great Lakes and Middle West: 6 plants......................... 1907 850 1908 801 1909 795 1910 37 967 121 1,146 1,120 590 421 335 346 223 64 48 48 49 336 385 356 571 9 9 11 12 7 plants. 1910 1,017 1911 914 227 347 49 651 45 1496 76 8 plants. 1911 997 1912 1,006 429 421 45 1 497 45 1502 8 plants. 1912 1913 975 928 420 358 1907 1908 1909 1910 2,378 2,216 2,315 2,560 1,224 1,080 1,101 1,164 64 927 48 928 48 1,001 49 1,226 26 15 40 16 25 plants 1910 4,092 1911 3,707 175 1,226 38 1,530 49 2,460 45 *2,003 105 26 plants 1911 3,924 1912 4,050 1,690 1,858 45 12,060 45 U,991 26 plants 1912 4,114 1913 4,320 55 1,975 172 2,188 2 53 1,918 49 1,412 1911 1912 8 plants............. Pittsburgh: 6 plants.............. 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants...................... Total: 15 plants 1911 2,096 1912 2,157 37 17 29 4 25 342 253 49 6 15 15 36 10 352 15 24 PER CENT. Eastern: 3 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 313 355 357 380 0.3 .3 .3 2.9 77.3 81.7 81.2 70.0 22.4 18.0 18.5 27.1 8 plants. 1910 1911 890 794 17.6 .1 36.3 57.1 45.6 42.8 8 plants. 1911 1912 831 887 .1 1.6 54.8 62.1 45.1 36.3 1 Including 10 employees who worked 7 days every fifth week. 2 Including 8 employees who worked 5 days every fourth week. 0.4 216 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . NUM BER AND PER CENT OF EM PLOYEES IN EACH DISTRICT W O RK IN G EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF D A Y S PER W E E K , B Y Y E A R S , 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Concluded. PER CENT—Concluded. Employees whose customary working time per week was— District, and number of plants. Num 5 ber days of Year. em and 6 5 ploy- days. days alter nate ly- Eastern—Concluded. 8 plants......................... 1912 1913 Pittsburgh: 6 plants......................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 5 days, 5 iys, and 6 days in rota tion. 5 6 days, 5 days, 6 6 days days days, and 7 and 7 days, and 6 days. days days and 7 and 7 days. alter alter days days in nate nate in rota ly. ly. rota rota tion. tion. tion. 946 1,083 1.5 4.2 62.2 63.2 1,215 1,060 1,163 1,311 2.6 5.5 2.2 1.3 46.2 42.9 40.0 51.5 3.5 4.0 3.6 3.4 42.9 45.2 49.8 42.1 1910 2,185 1911 1,999 .8 1.7 30.9 36.5 2.1 2.1 64.2 58.4 1911 2,096 1912 2,157 1.6 1.7 38.5 41.1 2.0 1.9 56.7 54.1 10 plants....................... 1912 2,193 1913 2,309 Great Lakes and Middle West: 6 plants......................... 1907 850 1908. 801 795 1909 1910 869 1.7 5.2 44.1 49.6 1.9 1.8 51.1 25.6 1.2 1.5 .5 49.5 41.8 43.5 25.7 10 plants....................... 10 plants....................... 7 plants........................ 36.4 32.6 1.4 2.5 .3 1.1 1.2 .3 14.8 .4 .4 .7 3.0 .9 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1910 1,017 . . . . . . 22.3 38.0 1911 914 4.8 64.0 4.9 154.3 1.1 7.5 .7 4.5 249.8 4.5 249.9 1.0 2-2 3 5.4 5.3 46.6 50.6 2.3 1.7 39.0 41.9 43.2 47.9 1.6 1.0 1.8 .4 .4 43.0 41.8 1912 1913 975 928 .4 .5 43.1 38.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 2,378 2,216 2,315 2,560 1.8 3.2 1.3 1.1 51.5 48.7 47.6 45.5 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.9 25 plants...................... 1910 4,092 1911 3,707 4.3 1.0 30.0 41.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 60.1 1.2 *54.0 26 plants...................... 1911 3,924 1912 4,050 1.0 1.4 43.1 45.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 452.5 1.1 549.2 26 plants.................... 1912 4,114 1913 4,320 1.3 4.0 48.0 50.6 1.0 |' 1.3 1.1 1.0 8 plants....................... 2.8 1.5 1.5 1.1 39.5 48.1 44.8 65.7 7.5 6.0 6.0 5.6 8 plants....................... . 1911 997 1912 1,006 Total: 15 plants...................... 0.7 .4 .3 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.1 .7 1.7 2.6 .2 .7 46.6 32.7 .4 .2 8.2 .4 1 Including 1.1 per cent who worked 7 days every fifth week. 2 Including 1 per cent who worked 7 days every fifth week. 3 Including 0.8 per cent who worked 5 days every fourth week. 4 Including 0.3 per cent who worked 7 days every fifth week. 5 Including 0.2 per cent who worked 7 days every fifth week. 6 Including 0.2 per cent who worked 5 days every fourth week. In addition to the text tables in the summary7four general tables are presented for the bar-mill department as follows: Table I.— Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913. Table II.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. W A G E S A H t) H O tTR S OF L A B O R — B A R M I L L S . 217 Table III.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1913. Table IV.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in each year, by districts, 1912 and 1913. In Tables I and III, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are sum marized in the text table on pages 204 to 208. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I to IV, inclusive, and in the table of relative numbers follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended expla nation see page 17. Figures for each geographical division for each preceding year back to 1907, corresponding to those given for 1912 and 1913 in Tables II and IV of this report, and descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report, were published in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau, but have been omitted from the present report. 218 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table 1.—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. Stockers: s plarito....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 93 90 88 87 13 plants___ 1910 1911 170 164 59.0 59.6 , 250 14.24 ,230 13.41 15 plants___ 1911 1912 211 217 60.9 60.9 17 plants___ 1912 1913 Heaters: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 215 226 60.9 60.6 121 112 112 142 63.9 63.9 64.0 64.2 25 plants___ 1910 1911 217 180 62.9 62.6 .507 31.73 .512 31.97 26 plants___ 1911 1912 184 199 62.7 62.4 .510 31.87 .482 29.84 26 plants___ 1912 1913 Heaters’ helpers: 14 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 196 211 61.8 61.7 .499 30.60 .560 34.25 167 153 151 166 65.3 65.1 65.0 65.2 .246 .227 .234 .262 15.77 14.50 14.87 16.70 14 10 14 6 10 24 plants___ 1910 1911 295 281 62.6 62.5 .273 16.77 .262 16.05 2 25 plants___ 1911 1912 293 319 62.7 62.2 24 plants___ 1912 1913 Chargers and helpers: 12 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 318 324 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 6 12 32 5 51 34 23 28 12 22 18 24 22 8 10 28 2 2 2 5 4 28 32 24 28 51 44 23 19 16 35 m 12.94 ?31 13.79 2 2 4 5 65 64 38 15 48 57 19 37 35 37 ?32 13.88 .253 15.12 2 3 5 56 1 19 59 57 60 39 48 37 43 12 1 4 10 19 4 11 25 14 13 24 18 35 34 36 43 25 40 44 13 11 11 12 12 7 6 15 16 13 39 37 55 31 57 55 31 26 19 18 13 23 38 45 34 36 55 41 26 37 18 13 1 23 3 43 26 36 49 41 47 37 51 16 34 28 36 33 36 19 31 21 10 28 29 32 60 30 15 27 26 23 19 16 18 8 2 5 2 4 ..... 11 2 2 15 13 21 25 21 24 89 97 49 45 74 57 11 10 11 10 2 .259 15.94 .260 16.01 17 21 27 18 24 100 35 95 47 64 58 64 10 16 10 2 4 61.9 62.0 .251 15.41 .273 16.77 21 13 18 12 43 98 29 106 64 66 66 77 8 19 2 104 102 107 110 65.5 65.6 65.9 66.3 .173 .161 .161 .181 48 58 51 24 30 25 20 50 8 11 12 18 10 5 8 10 5 1 8 18 plants___ 1910 1911 179 177 65.3 65.1 .192 12.40 .185 12.02 24 38 62 69 44 24 25 38 24 6 2 19 plants___ 1911 1912 185 182 64.8 65.0 .184 11.90 .192 12.45 42 23 73 87 24 18 38 28 6 24 2 2 19 plants___ 1912 1913 Drag downs: 11 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 181 185 64.3 63.7 .199 12.72 .224 14.17 22 1 70 27 20 52 40 65 27 23 2 10 6 1 86 82 83 89 64.4 63.9 64.0 64.0 .271 .246 .250 .286 9 10 16 6 4 8 6 6 10 5 5 14 19 15 14 10 14 13 20 21 20 15 18 24 6 4 6 4 4 4 19 plants___ 1910 1911 132 123 65.1 64.9 .269 17.44 .262 16.88 6 6 8 8 20 5 34 42 27 35 29 15 4 4 4 4 64.4 Ift 64.1 64.2 64.3 178 $11.43 2 167 10.72 114 168 10.79 23 2 190 12.17 508 467 488 502 32.35 29.66 31.06 31.87 11.34 10.56 10.60 11.87 4 2 33 16 17.31 15.58 2 10 15.93 18.19 4‘ 1Including 6 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2Including 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 8Including 1 employee earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 21 2 219 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BAR MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of week hours wages ly per per week. hour. earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 18 and and un un der der 18 20 cts. cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. Drag downs— Concluded. 20 plants___ 1911 1912 127 130 64.7 $0,262 $16.78 64.3 .253 16.12 plants___ 1912 1913 121 124 63.8 63.1 .251 15.81 .281 17.57 1907 1908 1909 1910 58 56 56 58 72.3 71.4 71.5 71.7 .226 .221 .217 .230 22 plamts___ 1910 1911 1912 99 95 97 72.0 70.4 70.0 .229 16.46 .228 16.07 .229 16.05 20 plants___ 1912 1913 93 97 70.1 70.5 .228 16.02 .249 17.56 1907 1908 1909 1910 16 16 16 15 62.5 1.089 68.27 62.6 .970 60.88 62.5 .956 60.31 62.7 1.028 64.69 12 10 11 11 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Rollers, 9-inch: 6 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 28 29 29 29 59.0 .961 58.0 .929 58.0 .887 58.1 1.070 15 15 17 21 12 11 11 12 66.7 1.038 69.72 67.7 .809 55.06 67.1 .832 56.25 67.0 .969 65.03 1910 1911 1912 24 22 23 63.2 63.5 63.1 .943 60.20 .825 53.07 .808 51.36 14 13 15 10 plants___ 1912 1913 Rollers. 10-inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 22 22 63.0 62.8 .812 51.60 .932 59.16 14 16 12 12 12 12 67.3 1.114 76.01 , 67.3 .974 66.06 67.0 1.095 73.38 67.0 1.183 79.72 10 9 11 11 1910 1911 1912 18 18 18 65.0 1.069 70.38 63.6 .967 56.28 63.6 1.066 68.13 17 15 17 1912 7 plants. 1913 Rollers, 12-inch: 7 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 62.1 1.068 67.18 , 61.9 1.132 71.56 17 18 15 13 13 15 68.1 69.9 69.8 68.5 .900 .801 .864 .888 61.69 55.63 60.16 61.05 . 11 13 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 27 24 26 64.4 64.9 64.3 .864 56.26 .844 54.85 . .831 53.75 19 17 18 1912 1913 27 28 64.7 64.4 .837 54.44 .961 61.47 18 24 Roll engineers: 13 plants... Rollers, 8-inch: 7 plants___ 11 plants. 7 plants. 12 plants. 14 16.29 15.76 15.52 16.52 57.71 55.00 52.81 62.33 220 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I* — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver Aver age age age full rate full time of time hours wages week ly per per week. hour. earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. Rollers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 7 7 7 60.6 $0,835 $48.77 60.6 .676 39.73 60.6 .709 42.11 1912 1913 9 9 63.1 62.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 7 7 7 9 63.3 .897 63.3 .868 63.3 .850 62.3 1.074 5 plants....... 1910 1911 11 8 62.6 1.007 64.13 63.9 1.081 70.85 6 plants...... 1911 1912 12 12 62.8 62.4 .929 59.52 .814 51.35 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Rollers, 18-inch: 2 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 11 11 61.7 61.5 .787 48.92 .998 62.00 3 4 4 4 61.0 58.3 58.3 58.3 .942 .684 .753 .860 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 60.8 60.3 59.1 .669 40.08 .771 46.69 .751 44.76 1912 1913 12 13 58.7 58.8 .886 52.19 .975 57.83 R o l l e r s , a ll sizes: 13 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 65 63 63 67 65.5 1.013 66.88 65.7 .878 57.88 65.5 .917 60.40 65.2 1.010 66.23 3 1 1 1 5 4 22 plants___ 1910 1911 124 116 62.4 62.0 .928 58.21 .882 55.26 3 1 8 9 23 plants___ 1911 1912 120 124 62.0 61.7 .873 54.65 .860 53.63 1 11 5 24 plants___ 1912 1913 128 130 61.6 61.5 .863 53.60 .989 60.71 2 3 5 3 16 8 1907 1908 1909 1910 44 44 44 41 61.2 61.2 61.0 61.2 .397 .373 .363 .393 24.40 22.76 22.28 24.14 7 14 6 9 22 3 28 16 8 27 9 7 7 1 9 11 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Roughers, inch: 1907 7 plants. 1908 1909 1910 84 81 79 79 57.5 56.0 56.0 56.4 .368 .347 .336 .391 21.49 19.68 19.03 22.32 6 6 6 7 27 15 28 12! 26 43 23 24 10 13 21 14 15 4 1 19 58 54 54: 581 56.3 60.4 56.5 56.9 .564 .392 .422 .454: 29.94 23.30 23.230 ....... 25.14 6 13 20 s► 12 12! 4J 12 20 16 20 8 8 17 16 4 plants. Rollers. 16-inch: 4 plants___ 5 plants.. 7 plants___ Roughers, 8incn: 7 plants___ 2 2 2 2 .637 38.91 .676 40.90 2 58.11 56.00 54.77 68.32 2 4 3 5 1 2 2 3 2 5 3 3 *2 4 4 5 6 2 2 8 6 2 6 8 6 6 5 10 1 2 3 3 4 2 1 1 2 1 58.06 39.66 43.79 49.92 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 5 6 5 3 2 8 11 5 5 5 2 13 14 7 13 47 40 45 47 8 12 22 21 83 73 12 21 16 21 75 80 1 1 1 1 2 3: 23 11 81 105 1 22 6 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR----BAR MILLS. 221 I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of hours wages week ly per per week. hour. earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and Un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. Roughers, 9inch—Con. 12 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 88 83 84 58.2 $0,449 $25.69 57.4 .414 23.87 57.2 .429 24.17 16 14 17 6 29 14 38 24 22 22 12 23 6 4 8 1912 1913 82 83 57.0 56.6 .433 2435 .484 27.20 15 9 14 11 22 25 23 22 8 8 1907 1908 1909 1910 33 37 37 38 64.4 65.2 65.0 64.8 .441 .323 .370 .395 6 12 9 3 15 14 12 4 8 7 6 18 7 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 51 51 51 64.8 63.3 63.3 .412 26.45 .366 22.72 .399 24.69 3 6 28 29 20 12 17 18 11 2 7 7 plants___ 1912 1913 53 53 61.7 61.5 .374 22.57 .413 25.17 14 20 28 12 20 7 5 1907 1908 1909 1910 62 55 54 58 64.5 64.1 67.7 67.5 .416 .301 .351 .400 6 18 9 24 22 39 34 28 4 6 24 4 14 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 89 81 85 64.6 65.3 644 .397 25.80 .361 23.35 .391 25.24 10 22 7 39 42 46 37 10 6 3 7 22 13 plants___ 1912 1913 81 84 64.4 63.8 .401 25.84 .447 28.44 7 4 46 16 6 49 22 13 22 25 11 18 11 7 24 11 3 24 10 12 6 4 14 14 14 10 8 12 2 8 16 12 12 2 11 plants... Roughers, 10inch: 5 plants___ Roughers, 12inch: 8 plants___ Roughers, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant........ 5 plants. 5 plants___ Roughers, 18inch: 2 plants___ 5 plants____ 27.10 19.45 23.77 27.06 8 8 11 4 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 60.0 12 60.0 12 60.0 12 60.0 .289 .250 .262 .289 17.34 15.00 15.72 17.34 12 12 12 12 1910 1911 1912 1913 48 46 47 41 61.5 61.2 61.4 61.8 .379 .338 .364 .386 22.89 20.51 22.23 23.30 12 14 12 7 36 32 34 42 34 63.0 63.1 63.4 62.2 63.4 .349 .349 .347 . 390 .415 22.20 1 22.23 .. i 22.22 24.65 ....... L ... 1 26.55 .. 42 40 62.3 61.8 .415 26.05 .381 23.63 Roughers, 16inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 6 plants___ 29.11 21.09 23.73 25.40 1911 1912 1912 1913 32 34 61.0 61.4 .384 23.50 .435 26.85 1907 1908 1909 1910 7 8 8 8 62.0 60.5 60.5 60.5 .384 .348 .380 .523 1910 1911 1912 23 59.4 19 60.3 22 58.9 23.68 20.83 22.73 31.55 .414 24.92 >444 26.73 .465 27.34 8 8 8 14 8 8 14 14 4 4 6 6 6 . . . 1 .. ___1___ 6 12 14 8 2 2 6 2 1 6 ” ‘ i5 4 11 2 5 2 12 1 1 8 11 11 5 4 4 8 22 2 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver age full time hours per week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Avertime week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. Roughers, 18inch—Con. 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Roughers, all sizes: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 252 242 243 257 61.5 62.5 62.4 62.3 .434 .343 .368 .407 26.28 21.35 22.72 25.21 16 33 8 14 28 50 48 42 25 plants___ 1910 1911 425 395 61.0 60.6 .402 24.51 .376 22.65 26 14 26 plants___ 1911 1912 403 408 60.5 60.2 .377 22.68 .389 23.36 26 plants___ 1912 1913 Catchers, 8-inch: 3 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 405 407 59.9 59.8 .393 23.42 .436 26.00 18 18 18 17 56.6 56.6 56.6 56.4 .362 .350 .335 .371 20.48 19.66 18.90 20.97 2 2 1910 1911 1912 1913 26 27 25 25 .351 .319 .340 .400 19.14 17.32 18.48 21.98 3 2 1 2 Catchers, 9-inch: 2 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 54.3 54.1 54.1 54.3 12 12 12 12 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 .474 .455 .495 .526 27.30 25.94 28.68 30.37 4 plants. 1910 1911 1912 17 17 15 56.5 56.8 55.7 .499 28.19 .440 24.76 .508 27.86 2 4 7 3 3 plants. 1912 1913 13 13 54.3 54.9 .546 29.55 .619 33.98 2 3 2 3 9 7 7 1 3 3 10 2 3 4 3 2 10 8 8 2 2 3 2 1 12 3 2 10 1 9 7 2 4 2 9 8 4 2 8 2 6 4 6 9 15 12 9 5 5 4 6 4 12 8 5 7 2 6 6 plants. 31 33 58.9 $0,494 $29.04 58.6 .500 29.42 Catchers,10-inch: 1 plant......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 10 10 10 72.0 72.0 71.5 71.5 .352 .377 .379 .456 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 16 16 16 66.8 65.9 65.9 .383 26.24 .365 24.46 .419 28.23 2 plants....... 1912 1913 Catchers,12-inch 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 66.4 66.4 .449 30.49 .484 33.12 16 17 17 18 65.6 64.1 63.9 63.7 .446 .317 .349 .411 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 28 27 29 62.5 62.1 61.7 .403 25.40 .368 22.90 .348 21.52 1912 1913 25 25 61.1 61.0 .372 22.88 .416 25.26 9 plants. 2 4 2 16 12 13 15 92 76 111 72 56 75 53 71 38 8 23 52 6 65 74 127 174 128 81 73 48 6 4 14 24 74 72 176 122 87 118 48 60 4 12 20 7 78 44 114 97 113 145 68 91 12 13 2 2 12 6 16 14 4 8 3 2 17 23 12 6 3 1 1 2 “ i 4 25.35 27.14 27.06 32.63 29.52 20.42 22.61 26.37 1 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 4 1 4 4 2 4 2 22 8 2 7 10 4 4 4 9 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 2 1 223 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BAR MILLS. I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Catchers,13-inch, 14-inch, and 15inch: 3 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Catchers,16-inch: 4 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 7 7 7 7 Aver Aver Aver age age age full full rate time time of week hours wages ly per per week. hour. earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 41.02 32.46 36.02 35.32 43.23 33.001 64.5 65.0 65.0 64.6 65.0 64.5 .636 .499 .552 .547 .664 .511 3 plants. 1912 1913 Catchers,18-inch: 2 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 7 8 64.4 64.4 .418 26.90[ .499 32.12 3 4 4 4 61.0 58.3 58.3 58.3 .423 .314 .346 .466 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 58.6 59.0 58.0 .375 22.36 .369 21.99 .391 22.87 1912 7 plants. 1913 C a t c h e r s , all sizes: 11 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 14 57.5 57.3 .467 27.01 .463 26.76 1 2 69 70 70 73 62.5 62.0 61.9 62.0 .442 .381 .400 .452 27.68 23.57 24.93 28.17 6 2 4 1 20 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 315 111 110 60.2 59.9 59.7 .419 25.45 .392 23.70 .399 23.92 2 *3 20 plants___ 1912 1913 Stranders,8-inch: 7 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 308 110 59.4 59.4 .415 24.81 .462 27.67 *” i 56 56 56 54 62.6 62.8 62.7 62.8 .305 .267 .274 .305 11 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 4 2 1 1 2 2 1 .395 .276 .287 .332 20.75 15.10 15.75 18.28 2 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 4 2 4 13 5 4 28 31 37 20 13 31 10 28 18 10 i 10 16 *4 4 2 4 7 6 6 11 11 18 32 .55 37 38 20 32 21 12 6 4 1 8 3 2 2 4 14 9 37 21 38 36 6 28 8 1 2 10 20 18 18 6 11 20 22 24 11 16 14 18 6 6 4 1 1 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 64 62 61 59.1 58.6 58.0 .289 16.64 .247 14.39 .235 13.44 1912 1913 57 57 57.6 56.9 .241 13.68 .293 16.33 7 2 14 12 26 9 9 25 *9 9 2 8 2 6 6 10 9 6 20 18 26 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 4 1 56.2 56.4 56.3 56.3 1 4 2 4 19 20 15 41 39 39 39 4 2 3 1 26 14 26 2 2 2 4 2 2 1 15 5 4 *ii 20 4 7 14 15 7 2 2 14 2 14 "* 2 15 .236 14.53 .302 18.54 3 1 .275 17.00 .249 15.12 .244 14.88 60.6 60.7 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1 2 2 2 75 61.6 73 60.4 73 60.4 67 66 1 2 2 2 4 10 9 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 6 6 11 9 19 17 14 9 18 9 28 7 17 3 6 2 9 9 14 14 9 4 17 22 6 1 Including 2 employees earning 10 and under 32 cents per hour. 2 5 4 2 50 and un der 60 cts. 7 6 25.96 18.51 20.40 27.72 19.11 16.77 17.22 19.11 40 and un der 50 cts. 4 4 7 11 plants___ 1912 1913 Stranders. 9inch: 6 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 9 plants. 30 and un der 40 cts. 61.7 $0,458 $27.63 61.7 .392 23.92 61.7 .407 24.70i 61.1 .461 27.58 10 9 9 12 9 9 5 plants. 25 and un der 30 cts. 9 224 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver Aver age age age full 40 50 60 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 full rate time time and and and and and and and and and and 70 of hours wages week un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly der der der der der der der der der der and per per 60 70 over. 14 16 18 20 25 30 week. hour. earn 40 50 ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Stranders, 10inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 43 43 43 43 55.1 $0,354 $19.47 55.1 .320 17.08 55.0 .378 19.95 55.0 .444 23.09 7 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 57 57 57 57.7 56.7 56.7 390 21 13 .322 17.35 .370 19.71 7 plants___ 1912 1913 55 55 55.2 55.1 .372 19.39 .392 20.77 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 14 14 16 69.0 70.4 70.4 69.1 .352 .284 .293 .411 24.53 19.99 20.62 28.82 1910 1911 1912 1913 48 40 43 49 64.4 65.3 64.7 62.4 .286 .271 .309 .319 18.71 17.71 20.38 20.28 20 20 20 26 20 22 11 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 .233 .201 .211 .224 .221 .217 .255 14.00 12.06 12.65 13.46 13.25 13.01 15.27 65.0 65.0 * 65.0 65.0 65.0 .361 .344 .299 .484 .480 23.47 22.36 19.44 31.46 31.20 ....... Stranders, 12inch: 3 plants___ 9 plants. Stranders, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant....... . 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stranders, 16inch: 1 plant....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 10 39 29 21 18 5 1 8 9 11 6 9 15 18 9 9 *2i 9 12 1 2 15 2 9 12 9 18 9 9 12 12 3 12 4 4 2 2 10 2 8 6 15 5 2 4 3 2 2 2 4 1 4 16 14 24 6 6 21 4 2 8 13 2 2 2 2 *"*8 4 6 8 16 16 8 16 16 3 8 1911 1912 10 10 57.0 57.0 .424 24.28 .405 22.86 1 plant.. 1912 1913 8 8 55.0 55.0 .431 23.71 .523 28.77 1907 1908 1909 1910 175 174 174 180 59.5 59.7 59.7 59.7 .334 .277 .297 .344 3 1 2 3 4 4 4 2 4 2 6 13 21 plants... 1910 1911 272 254 60.6 59.9 .301 17.85> 14 .268 15.83I 14 4 6 11 12 22 plants... 1911 1912 262 266 59.8 59.6 .272 16.03! .283 16.625 14 17 6 6 20 plants... 1912 1913 252 246 59.2 58.7 .284 16.56i .328 19.071 17 7 2 1907 1908 1909 1910 14 14 14 13 64.5 64.8 64.7 65.1 .298 .277 .290 .309 Finishers, 8inch: 6 plants.__ 19.45 16.25► 17.34I 20.06 19.43\ 18.031 18.77 20.19) 12 21 21 10 10 1 1 10 12 8 8 2 2 plants. Stranders, all sizes: 13 plants__ 8 2 2 2 2 2 10 8 8 8 37 44 42 *8 20 28 40 48 45 60 69 63 64 12 16 21 18 43 74 68 53 43 71 51 16 27 21 12 16 43 31 68 61 43 58 51 48 35 17 22 16 3 31 13 65 52 52 46 40 67 17 26 22 32 2 2 ? 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 4 4 3 6 5 1 2 2 2 1 1 Including 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 14 15 9 225 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. ber Occupation, of and number of Year em plants. ploy ees. Finishers, inch—Con. 9 plants.. Aver age full time hours per week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Aver age full time weekiy earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 amd un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 7 9 9 11 10 9 2 1 1 1 1 3 4 9 4 15 12 1 5 1 4 1 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 1 **i 1 1 2 1 6 6 4 9 7 9 13 1 5 6 5 5 2 2 3 2 4 2 4 5 6 4 2 5 2 2 2 2 5 4 2 4 2 3 1 2 1 2 3 1 6 5 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 1 1 2 2 6 7 5 6 2 5 5 2 1 6 5 6 10 7 2 3 9 5 2 1 2 24 25 25 60.6 $0,303 $18.24 59.6 .302 18.01 59.6 .295 17.60 2 2 2 1912 1913 31 31 59.3 59.4 .301 17.84 .354 21.07 2 1907 1908 1909 1910 15 66.8 14 67.9 14 67.8 14 67.8 .244 .245 .254 .261 16.24 16.53 17.10 17.58 12 1 1 1 1910 1911 1912 1913 24 23 24 24 64.3 63.8 63.4 63.2 .287 .272 .282 .293 17.98 17.18 17.61 18.26 1 1 1 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 10 10 10 68.0 68.0 67.7 67.7 .396 .342 .387 .412 27.29 23.48 26.16 28.19 5 plants. 1910 1911 1912 12 12 12 69.3 68.4 68.4 .376 26.20 .329 22.72 .358 24.73 5 plants. 1912 1913 12 12 66.3 66.0 .367 24.71 .427 28.62 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 11 11 12 69.3 70.5 70.4 69.5 .336 .271 .297 .359 8 plants___ 1910 1911 20 19 65.8 65.2 .349 22.74 .324 20.78 10 plants__ 1911 1912 1913 22 24 24 63.7 63.0 62.8 .309 19.51 .311 19.81 .363 22.70 1907 1908 1909 1910 4 4 4 4 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 .315 .275 .289 .316 18.90 16.50 17.34 18.96 4 4 1910 1911 1912 1913 15 15 15 13 64.0 64.0 64.0 63.4 .339 .316 .319 .345 21.01 19.83 19.97 21.20 6 4 4 6 6 10 8 4 1907 1908 1909 1910 g g 8 9 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.2 .262 .242 .265 .310 16.39 15.11 16.68 19.37 4 3 6 3 6 1910 1911 1 11 11 10 plants... 9- 9 plants. Finishers, 10inch: 4 plants___ Finishers, 12inch: 4 plants___ Finishers, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant........ 4 plants. Finishers, 16inch: 2 plants. 3 plants. 23.28 19.04 20.85 24.97 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 2 2 4 4 4 5 2 1 3 2 2 1 3 1 3 8 62.5 .324 20.34 2 9 63.5 .325 20.73 Including 1 employee earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour, 83021°—Bull. 168—15------15 2 2 50 and un der 60 cts. 2 2 3 1910 1911 1912 Finishers, inch: 5 plants 40 and un der 50 cts. 2 3 226 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of Year. and number of em plants. ploy ees. Finishers, 16inch—Con. 4 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Finishers, 18inch: 1 plant........ 1907 1908 1909 1910 Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. 19 20 18 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 61.1 $0 363 $22.08 377 22.77 61.1 61.1 410 24.87 2 62.8 2 62.8 2 62.8 2 62.8 435 417 438 438 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 5 5 6 61.9 60.7 58.9 308 19.15 350 21.38 336 20.02 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Finishers, all sizes: 10 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 11 12 58.6 58.7 427 25.19 414 24.47 65 65.9 63 66.4 63 66.2 64 66.1 309 279 .300 .329 18 and un der 20 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 2 8 2 27.30 26.25 27.48 27.48 25 and un der 30 cts. 3 i2 1 1 1 2 40 and un der 50 cts. 11 2 10 1 i 20.45 18.53 19.85 21.80 30 and un der 40 cts. 2 1 2 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 6 4 4 4 4 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 2 3 12 15 10 6 19 23 21 16 12 12 17 25 13 6 10 10 3 4 17 plants___ 1910 1911 111 110 64.0 63.4 .323 20.48 .309 19.50 1 1 4 4 ‘ ■*2 13 16 34 30 36 40 16 14 7 3 19 plants___ 1911 1912 121 126 62.8 62.5 .313 19.60 .319 19.92 1 1 4 5 4 3 16 12 31 47 42 34 20 15 3 3 6 137 62.0 134 61.8 .328 20.29 .363 22.36 1 5 2 3 5 12 4 45 33 43 49 15 19 7 17 6 5 14 21 plants___ 1912 1913 Hook ups, 12inch: 6 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 49 37 37 37 64.8 69.1 68.9 69.9 .289 .230 .241 .318 18.98 15.75 16.46 22.33 2 6 2 4 12 18 20 8 21 5 10 12 16 4 3 3 69 53 56 58 62.8 63.4 62.5 61.5 .282 .244 .269 .323 17.93 15.38 17.15 19.68 1 3 2 2 2 6 2 4 10 12 14 7 10 13 31 15 15 7 3 12 7 20 8 14 8 12 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 .184 11.04 .163 9.77 .173 10.40 .197 11.84 4 14 6 4 1910 1911 1912 1913 50 45 51 43 64.2 64.2 63.8 63.8 .237 .225 .229 .263 14.66 14.06 14.29 16.32 7 3 10 18 18 16 8 8 15 . . . . . 8 7 27 9 9 9 6 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 26 23 27 35 25 63.9 64.4 64.7 64.1 64.4 .263 .269 .274 .326 .337 16.91 17.35 17.80 20.97 21.83 2 3 2 2 12 11 27 18 2 2 2 16 1 10 2 1 2 2 2 2 1911 1912 35 36 62.4 61.5 .308 19.43 .269 16.61 5 4 *4 8 22 18 6 2 2 5 plants____ 1912 1913 32 34 61.1 61.5 .263 16.08 .329 20.28 4 22 1 2 26> 13 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Hook ups, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 5 plants...... Hook ups, 16inch: 5 plants...... 6 plants___ 4 2 2 8 14 8 16 4 5 4 4 3 1 Including 1 employee earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 3 4 227 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — B A R M I L L S . I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Aver Num Aver age age ber full Occupation, of time rate and number of Year. em of plants. wages ploy hours per per ees. week. hour. Hook ups, 18inch: 2 plants___ Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 1907 1908 1909 1910 9 62.2 $0,238 $14.83 10 61.0 .190 11.64 10 61.0 .202 12.39 9 60.8 .294 18.13 1910 1911 1912 20 21 24 60.4 60.5 59.2 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Hook ups, all sizes: 12 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 38 40 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 3 20 and un der 25 cts. 3 6 6 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 3 1 3 3 .227 13.85 .221 13.48 .217 12.93 2 14 2 3 4 2 4 1 4 3 3 3 2 3 7 6 6 6 59.0 58.8 .258 15.31 .281 16.60 2 2 2 •4 1 3 4 9 13 18 18 92 84 82 93 63.9 65.3 65.7 65.6 .268 .225 .241 .303 4 1 *‘ *5 5 9 23 7 2 4 4 6 11 15 29 30 12 40 6 20 14 18 16 14 36 16 2 20 plants___ 1910 1911 174 144 63.2 63.4 .272 17.13 .251 15.81 2 14 4 7 13 10 27 33 24 25 41 16 45 45 16 2 2 2 21 plants___ 1911 1912 154 167 63.0 62.2 .250 15.66 .249 15.56 14 2 7 4 10 16 36 35 25 29 23 45 45 28 2 8 2 22 plants___ 1912 1913 R o ll h a n d s, other, 8-inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 177 175 61.9 61.4 .254 15.74 .300 18.27 2 4 4 16 1 35 31 4 56 45 15 36 70 8 25 20 20 20 20 65.1 65.3 65.1 65.1 .250 .237 .235 .257 16.20 15.29 15.15 16.51 23 2 2 2 5 5 2 4 2 1 4 2 4 6 2 3 3 1 4 1910 1911 1912 1913 33 33 33 36 60.6 60.0 60.0 59.6 .251 .253 .248 .284 15.01 15.04 14.75 16.83 14 32 <5 <6 4 2 1 4 7 *i 5 1 6 2 3 4 1 10 8 9 4 6 8 6 15 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 18 18 59.7 60.4 60.3 60.3 .224 .223 .222 .234 12.91 12.95 12.90 13.64 2 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 1910 1911 1912 1913 35 35 36 36 56.5 56.1 56.3 57.2 .267 .242 .257 .275 14.49 13.24 14.05 15.38 2 1 1 7 6 13 9 11 5 5 9 3 2 2 2 2 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 29 29 29 70.4 70.4 70.0 70.0 .388 .327 .346 .409 27.24 22.89 24.04 28.38 5 15 2 22 5 6 17 1 3 3 4 5 4 3 2 1910 1911 1912 39 39 39 67.8 66.8 66.8 .359 24.58 .327 22.11 .351 23.69 6 16 16 17 5 4 4 6 g 2 1 1912 1913 33 33 1 4 5 14 4 2 18 1 Including 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 1 employee earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 3 Earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 4 Including 3 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 4 3 5 plants. 9 plants. R o ll hands, other, 9-inch: 3] 5plants. R o ll h a n d s, other, 10-inch: 4] 7 plants. 6 plants. 66.0 66.0 17.30 14.70 15.82 20.06 .341 22.72 .387 25.95 2 2 1 2 *i 8 8 10 2 6 2 8 2 8 10 11 4 ***8 2 9 2 2 1 12 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 6 1 i 60 | andi 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 5 7 3r 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 *2 2 1 2 3 2 228 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I . — AVE R A G E FU LL-TIM E W E E K L Y EAR NIN G S AN D A V E R A G E AND CLASSIFIED RATE S OF W AGES PER H OU R IN T H E U N ITE D STATES, B Y Y E A R S 1907 TO 1913— BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 4 2 16 2 4 5 3 6 7 4 2 8 20 9 1 1 1 15 1 17 2 8 6 1 2 17 15 *"i 5 5 6 4 2 12 8 4 12 1 1 1 1 1 R o l l h a n d s, other 12-inch: 4 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 24 21 21 22 70.1 $0,201 $14.04 70.4 , 194 13.60 70.3 ?10 14.75 302 21.27 69.9 1910 1911 1912 33 32 33 67.0 67.7 67.5 ?85 19.06 ?54 16.95 ?98 20.25 2 2 1912 1913 28 28 67.5 67.4 784 19.20 304 20.15 2 29 28 25 19 62.1 61.7 63.4 60.0 .307 .268 .268 .335 17.94 15.81 16.17 19.38 10 10 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 3 64.5 .331 .331 .359 .374 .398 .394 21.26 21.21 22.97 24.13 25.63 25.51 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 plant......... 1912 1913 R o ll h a n d s, other, 18-inch: 1 plant......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 6 6 64.5 64.5 .350 22.59 .408 26.36 4 2 2 2 2 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 .237 .181 .200 .296 4 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 7 6 7 59.9 60.8 59.2 .226 13.67 .256 15.55 .235 13.91 5 plants....... 1912 1913 R o ll h a n d s, other, all sizes: 9 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 9 10 59.3 58.9 .309 18.35 .344 20.41 97 94 94 95 66.8 67.0 66.8 66.7 .278 .255 .266 .315 18.53 16.97 17.65 21.06 13 2 2 2 19 5 2 26 9 11 6 8 3 17 10 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 180 177 176 62.8 62.5 62.7 .295 18.35 .273 16.97 .287 17.97 24 24 37 10 5 2 6 31 29 7 plants R o ll h a n d s, other, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 R o ll h a n d s, other, 16-inch: 1907 2 plants 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 14 12 10 4 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 1 1 1 1 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 2 2 12 2 4 2 2 3 7 1 1 2 2 4 14.84 11.33 12.55 18.57 50 and un der 60 cts. 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 4 2 1 3 2 4 2 3 3 3 8 21 11 8 12 16 24 16 32 11 14 34 4 8 5 7 5 4 4 6 1 2 31 13 11 34 4 24 33 39 49 51 33 41 22 15 11 6 2 3 2 2 3..... 4 2 2 23 170 62.2 .284 17.56 37 41 29 50 18 plants___ 1912 168 61.8 .320 19.71 36 4 24 13 22 1913 68 1 Including 1 employee earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 3 Including 3 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 7 15 5 12 1 1 4 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 229 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of Year. and number of emplants. ploy- Average full time hours per week. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver- Aver age full 12 14 16 18 20 25 rate time 30 40 50 60 of week and and and and and and and and and and 70 un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly der der der der der der der der der der and per hour. earn 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. Hotbed men: 15 plants.... 1907 1908 1909 1910 302 299 . 63. 3 SO1.189 111. 98 63.2 .174 10.93 63.3 .180 11.00 13.02 63.3 25 plants___ 1910 1911 500 434 62.9 62.0 .200 12.46 5 52 11.69 650 78 78 127 125 26 plants___ 1911 1912 450 461 61.9 61.7 .188 11.61 650 .192 11.80 7 57 90 42 125 130 26 plants___ 1912 1913 Shearmen: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 455 467 61.5 60.9 .192 11.73 847 .221 13.43 9 21 42 21 138 27 94 92 93 97 64.8 65.1 65.3 65.0 .249 .216 .225 .247 16.20 14.10 14.72 16.11 2 1 1 6 9 17 24 13 25 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 156 151 154 63.3 62.5 62.4 .264 16.40 .254 15.55 .254 15.59 2 2 2 13 8 5 24 plants___ 1912 1913 S h e a r m e n 's helpers: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 156 159 62.4 62.0 .251 15.40 .287 17.54 2 5 201 65.9 172 66.2 185 67.3 215 65.3 .174 .168 .169 .184 11.46 11.07 11.32 12.00 U 8 108 227 116 3 52 70 422 38 47 64 53 87 10 19 1022 io 19 139 1112 76 74 63 55 32 1910 1911 1912 355 359 358 64.7 63.8 63.9 .187 12.02 1238 .178 11.28 13 45 .184 11.74 1434 58 57 30 109 156 142 22 plants___ 1912 1913 Bundlers: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 337 316 63.4 62.8 .183 11.52 1432 .214 13.30 15 14 30 22 143 21 41 41 41 41 66.9 66.8 67.1 .202 .174 .186 .213 12 4 2 10 15 13 9 23 plants— 13.53 11.68 12.42 14.23 10 2 13 26 2 9 1910 77 66.1 .207 13. 1 16 81 63.5 . 193' 12.28 1911 1 Including 14 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 6 employees earning 8 and under 9 cents, 4 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 3Including 6 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents and 8 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 6 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents and 6 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 6 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents and 18 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 6Including 23 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 7Including 3 employees earning 8 and under 9 cents, 5 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 19 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 8 Including 3 employees earning 8 and under 9 cents, 5 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 17 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 3 employees earning 7 and under 8 cents, 3 employees earning 8 and under 9 cents, 2 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 5 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 10Including 7 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 11Including 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 12Including 6 employees earning 8 and under 9 cents and 8 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 13Including 11 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. K Including 2 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents and 11 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents 6 plants. ^15 including 2 employees earning 6 per hour. and under 7 cents and 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents 230 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, B Y YEARS, 1907 TO 1913— BAR MILLS— Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy* Bundlers—Con. 7 plants___ Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 1911 1912 131 132 62.0 SO. 197 $12.20 62.0 .193 11.94 1912 1913 129 136 61.6 61.4 .194 11.96 .228 14.05 1907 1908 1909 1910 296 227 324 424 68.3 64.8 67. 67.2 .153 10.44 .153 .150 10.17 .161 10.81 92 353 15 plants... 1910 1911 511 355 67.8 66.0 .160 10. .160 10.59 390 285 17 plants... 1911 1912 65.5 65. .159 10.40 .159 10.52 285 326 21 plants... 1912 1913 65.0 64.3 .160 10.38 .178 11.51 385 343 7 plants. Laborers: 10 plants... 536 705 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. ....... ....... ....... ....... 24 101 65 PER CENT. Stockers: 8 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 93 90 88 87 64.4 $0.178 $11.43 2.2 6.5 64.1 .167 10.72 115.6 13.3 64.2 .168 10.79 2 3.4 36.4 64.3 .190 12.17 2.3 5.7 1.2 2.9 1.2 2.4 54.8 12.9 23.7 37.8 24.4 8.9 26.1 20.5 11.4 32.2 27.6 32.2 16.5 14.1 30.0 13.5 9.4 12.4 19.5 17.1 26.8 11.6 21.3 ....... ....... . . . . ....... 13 plants___ 1910 1911 170 59.0 164 59.6 .250 14.24 .230 13.41 15 plants___ 1911 1912 211 217 60.9 60.9 .217 12.94 .231 13.79 17 plants___ 1912 1913 Heaters: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 215 226 60.9 60.6 .232 13.88 .253 15.12 121 112 112 142 63.9 63.9 64.0 64.2 .508 .467 .488 .502 25 plants... 1910 1911 217 180 62.9 62.6 .507 31.73 .512 31.97 26 plants... 1911 1912 184 199 62.7 62.4 .510 31.87 .482 29.84 ....... 26 plants___ 1912 1913 Heaters’helpers: 14 plants__ 1907 1908 1909 1910 196 61.8 .499 30.60 .5 61.7S .560: 34.25 1 | 6.0 16.8 21.616.8 65.3 .246 15.77 65.1 .227 14.50 ....... 9.2 21.6 23.519.0 65.0 .234 14.87 9.3 4.0 12.6 20.5 21.2 65.2 .262 16.70 ....... 6.0 12.7 6.036.1 I .7 5.1 7.1 7.130.2 62.6 .273 16.77 62.5 .262 16.05 ....... 4.6 8.9 8.5 34.5 j .9 2.3 26.0 8.826.5 18.1 17.2 .4 26.1 26.5 21.2 19.0 1.3 32.35 29.66 ....... ___ 31.06 ....... ___ ....... 31.87 5.3 . . . . ....... 8.3 20.7 14.9 35.5 10.7 .9 17.0 12.5 31.3 22.3 9.8 3.6 3.6 11.6 30.4 35.7 9.8 7.7 16.9 25.4 31.0 8.5 7.4 18.0 25.3 26.3 14.3 7.2 20.6 17.2 30.6 14.4 7.1 20.7 18.5 29.9 14.1 ....... 2.0 . . . . 11.6 22.6 18.1 20.618.6 11.7 21.9 18.4 1.4 12.3 23.2 I 18.0 13.8 4.8 9.8 12.4 3.3 17.9 10.6 2.6 15.7 10.8 6.6 9.9 6.3 5.4 10.6 8.8 10.0 9.8 6.5 20.9 18.9 8.2 22.3 24.2 16.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 . . ....... 1.3 ....... 4.8 1.2 ....... 3.7 3.6 3.7 .7 3.6 . . . . ....... 5.8 9.2 8.2 34.1 16.0 19.8 .259 15.94 .260 16.01 ....... 6.6 5.611.0 29.8 20.1 20.1 i 1 6.6 5.7 13.5 30.8 20.1 20.8 1912 318 61.9 .251 15.41 ....... 9.0 32.7 20.4 23.8 4.0 3.7, .273 16.77 324 62.0! 1913 1 Including 6.7 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 2.3 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 3.4 5.0 3.4 1910 1911 25 plants__ 1911 1912 167 153 151 166 .9 1.9 30.8 18.0 22.7 9.0 16.6 .9 2.3 29.5 6.9 26.3, 17.1 17.1 ....... ....... . . . . ....... 16.6 25.1 16.0 20.3 24 plants__ 24 plants___ 211 2.3 295 281 293 319 62.7 62.2 2.5 5.9 .6 *i.'3 ....... .6 ___ ....... 231 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BAR MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Aver Num Aver ber age age Occupation, full of time rate and number of Year. em of wages plants. ploy hours per per ees. week. hour. Chargers a n d helpers: 12 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 Aver age full time weekiy earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 104 65.5 $0,173 $11.34 1.9 46.2 28.8 7.7 102 65.6 .161 10.56 12.9 56.9 24.5 10.8 107 65.9 .161 10.60 15.0 47.7 18.7 11.2 110 66.3 .181 11.87 21.8 45.5 16.4 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 9.6 4.8 4.9 7.5 9.1 **7.3 1.0 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. ....... ....... ....... 18 plants. 1910 1911 179 177 65.3 65.1 .192 12.40 .185 12.02 13.4 34.6 24.6 14.0 13.4 21.5 39.0 13.6 21.5 3.4 1.1 19 plants. 1911 1912 185 182 64.8 65.0 .184 11.90 .192 12.45 22.7 39.5 13.0 20.5 3.2 12.6 47.8 9.9 15.4 13.2 1.1 1.1 19 plants— 1912 1913 181 185 64.3 63.7 12.2 38.7 11.0 22.1 14.9 .199 12.72 .224 14.17 ....... .5 14.6 28.1 35.1 12.4 1.1 5.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 86 82 83 89 64.4 63.9 64.0 64.0 .271 .246 .250 .286 19 plants___ 19.10 1911 132 123 65.1 64.9 .269 17.44 .262 16.88 4.5 3.3 4.9 6.1 15.2 25.8 20.5 22.0 6.5 4.1 34.1 28.5 12.2 3.0 ....... 3.3 3.0 3.3 20 plants---- 127 130 64.7 64.3 .262 16.78 .253 16.12 3.1 4.7 1.5 15.4 6.3 3.9 34.6 29.1 11.8 3.1 7.7 23.8 20.8 21.5 3.1 .... 6.2 : : : : : 3.1 121 124 63.8 63.1 .251 15.81 .281 17.57 1.7 11.6 3.2 3.3 8.3 26.4 25.6 19.8 .8 7.3 30.6 21.0 28.2 3.3 ....... ....... :::: 8.9 58 56 56 58 72.3 71.4 71.5 71.7 .226 .221 .217 .230 22 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 99 95 97 72.0 70.4 70.0 .229 16.46. .228 16.07 .229 16.05 . 4.0 10.1 59.6 26.3 6.3 8.4 62.1 23.2 5.2 8.2 64.9 21.6 20 plants___ 1912 1913 Rollers, 8-inch: 7 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 93 97 70.1 70.5 .228 16.02 .249 17.56. 5.4 8.6 65.6 20.4 4.1 30.9 ,58.8 16 16 16 15 62.5 1.089 68.27 62.6 .970 60.88........ 62.5 .956 60.31 62.7 1.028 64.69 - Drag downs: 11 plants.. 1911 1912 20 plants___ 1912 1913 Roll engineers: 13 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 ' 1910 11 plants... 17.31 10.5 15.58:H2.*2 12.2 15.93 19.3 6.7 18.19 16.29 15.76 15.52. 16.52 6.9 8.6 56.9 7.1 10.7 62.5 21.4 53.6 6*9 6.9 62.1 16.3 15.9 24.1 23.6 3.2 23.3 7.0 18.3 21.7 ‘ *4*8 27.0 4.5 0.5 — 4.7 7.3 .... ....... "4*5 27.6 19.6 17.9 24.1 ....... . . . . . . . . ....... 6.2 6.3 6.3 i2.5 20.0 6.3 18.8 6.3 25.0 12.5 6*7 13.3 75.0 62.5 68.8 60.0 17.9 10.7 17.9 53.6 6.9 17.2 24.1 51.7 13.8 13.8 10.3 58.6 " *3.*4 17.2 6.9 72.4 1910 1911 1912 1913 28 59.0 .961 29 58.0 .929 29 58.0 .887 29 58.1 1.070 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 11 11 12 66.7 1.038 69.72 16.7 16.7 66.7 67.7 .809 55.06 9.1 18.2 18.2 54.5 . . . . ....... 67.1 .832 56.25 . 27.3 54.5 ....... 18.2 . . . . ___ ....... 8.3 41.7 50.0 67.0 .969 65.03........ 1910 1911 1912 24 22 23 63.2 63.5 63.1 .943 60.20 . .825 53.07. .808 51.36. 10 plants___ 1912 1913 22 22 63.0 62.8 .812 51.60 .932 59.16. 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 12 12 12 67.3 1.114 76.01 67.3 .974 66.06 67.0 1.095 73.38 67.0 1.183 79.72 Rollers, 9-inch: 11 plants— Rollers, 10-inch: 5] 57.71 55.00 52.81 . 62.33. 7.1 4.7 11.6 22.1 9.8 6.1 18.3 7.2 6.0 16.9 6.7 15.7 11.2 . . . . . . . . . 3.4 ....... 4.5 1 Including 1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2Including 2.4 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 4.2 9.i 4.2 33.3 58.3 9.1 18.2 59.1 17.4 17.4 65.2 4.5 27.3 9.1 63.6 9.1 13.6 72.7 8.3 16.7 83.3 25.0 75.0 91.7 *8*3 91.7 232 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I ___ AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Aver Num Aver age age ber full rate Occupation, of and number of Year. em time of wages plants. ploy hours per per ees. week. hour. Rollers,10-inch— Concluded. 7 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Rollers, 12-inch: 7 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 18 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wage:, per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 65.0 $1,069 $70.38 63.6 .967 56.28 63.6 1.066 68.13 18 62.1 1.068 67.18 18 61.9 1.132 71.56 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 5.6 5.6 94.4 83.3 94.4 5.Q 94.4 100.0 13.3 13.3 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 20.0 15 13 13 15 68.1 69.9 69.8 68.5 .900 .801 .864 .888 13 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 27 24 26 64.4 64.9 64.3 .864 56.26 .844 54.85 .831 53.75 3.7 22.2 70.4 16.7 12.5 70.8 19.2 7.7 69.2 12 plants___ 1912 1913 Rollers, 13-inch, 14-inch, a n d 15-inch: 3 plants____ 1910 1911 1912 27 28 64.7 64.4 .837 54.44 .961 61.47 18.5 14.8 66.7 14.3 85.7 7 60.6 7 60.6 7 60.6 .835 48.77 .676 39.73 .709 42.11 4 plants___ 1912 1913 Rollers. 16-inch: 4 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 9 9 63.1 62.7 .637 38.91 .676 40.90 7 63.3 .897 7 63.3 .868 7 63.3 .850 9 62.3 1.074 61.69 55.63 60.16 61.05 7.7 6.7 28.6 28.6 73.3 61.5 69.2 73.3 71.4 57.1 14.3 28.6 42.9 28.6 22.2 22.2 33.3 22.2 22.2 22.2 55.6 58.11 56.00 54.77 68.32 42.9 42.9 28.6 11.1 22.2 57.1 57.1 71.4 66.7 9.1 18.2 72.7 25.0 75.0 5 plants....... 1910 1911 11 62.6 1.007 64.13 8 63.9 1.081 70.85 6 plants....... 1911 1912 12 12 62.8 62.4 .929 59.52 .814 51.35 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Rollers, 18-inch: 2 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 11 11 61.7 61.5 .787 48.92 .998 62.00 5 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 60.8 60.3 59.1 .669 40.08 .771 46.69 .751 44.76 7 plants....... 1912 1913 Rollers, all sizes: 13 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 13 58.7 58.8 .886 52.19 .975 57.83 65 63 63 67 65.5 1.013 66.88 65.7 .878 57.8S 65.5 .917 60.40 65.2 1.010 66.23 4. 1.6 1.5 1. 7.! 6.0 2.4 6.5 6.5 17.7 66.9 7.8 10.3 18.1 62.9 3 61.0 4 58.3 4 58.3 4 58.3 .942 .684 .753 .860 58.06 39.66 43.79 49.92 22 plants___ 1910 1911 124 62.4 116 62.0 .928 58.21 .882 55.26 23 plants___ 1911 1912 120 124 62.0 61.7 .873 54.65 .860 53.63 24 plants___ 1912 1913 128 61.6 130 61.5 .863 53.60 .989 60.71 16.7 16.7 66.7 50.0 50.0 9.1 25.0 25.0 22.2 54.5 45.5 90.9 33.3 66.7 75.0 75.0 100.0 22.2 . . . 55.6 25.0 75.0 11.1 33.3 55.6 8.3 25.0 66.7 15.4 84.6 7. 720.>.0 7.9 22.2 7.9 11.1 3.0 19.4 72.3 63.5 71.4 70.1 9.2 10.017.5 62.5 4.0 12.916.9 64.5 1. 2.3 3.9 12.5 18.0 63.3 2.3 6.2 8.5 80.8 233 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BAR MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. R ou gh ers, 8-inch: 7 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver- at time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rato of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 44 61.2 $0,397 $24.40 44 61.2 .373 22.76 44 61.0 .363 22.28 41 61.2 .393 24.14 15.9 50.0 18.2 15.9 31.8 6.8 61.4 13.6 63. 20.5 2. 22.0 39.0 17.1 22.0 11 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 R ou gh ers, 9-incn: 7 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 84 81 79 79 57.5 56.0 56.0 56.4 .368 .347 .336 .391 21.49 19.68 19.03 22.32 32.1 18.5 35.4 15.2 58 54 54 58 56.3 60.4 56.5 56.9 .564 .392 .422 .454 29.94 23.30 23.20 25.14 12 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 88 83 84 58.2 57.4 57.2 .449 25.69 .414 23.87 .429 24.17 43.2 25.0 6.8 18.2 16.9 34.9 28.9 14.5 4.8 20.2 16.7 26.2 27.4 9.5 11 plants___ 1912 1913 R ou gh ers, 10-inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 82 83 57.0 56.6 .433 24.35 .484 27.20 18.3 17.1 26.8 28.0 10. 13.3 30.1 26.5 9.6 33 37 37 38 64.4 65.2 65.0 64.8 .441 .323 .370 .395 29.11 21.09 23.73 25.40 24.2 9.1 12.1 54.5 21. 16.2 40.5 21.6 32.4 37.8 18.9 10.8 23.7 31.6 15.8 28.9 7 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 51 51 51 64.8 63.3 63.3 .412 26.45 .366 22.72 .399 24.69 54.9 23.5 21.6 5.9 56.9 33.3 3.9 11.8 39.2 35.3 13.7 7 plants___ 1912 1913 53 61.7 53 61.5 .374 22.57 .413 25.17 26.4 37.7 22.6 13.2 52.8 37.7 9.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 62 55 54 58 64.5 64.1 67.7 67.5 .416 .301 .351 .400 1910 1911 1912 89 81 85 64.6 65.3 64.4 .397 25.80 .361 23.35 .391 25.24 13 plants___ 1912 1913 Roughers, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant........ 1907 1908 1909 1910 81 84 64.4 63.8 .401 25.84 .447 28.44 12 60.0 12 60.0 12 60.0 12 60.0 .289 .250 .262 .289 17.34 15.00 15.72 17.34 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 48 46 47 41 61.5 61.2 61.4 61.8 .379 .338 .364 .386 22.89 20.51 22.23 23.30 25.0 30.4 25.5 17.1 45.8 54.3 23.4 43.9 22.9 6.3 15.2 51.1 26.8 12.2 36 63.0 32 63.1 34 63.4 42 62.2 34 63.4 .349 .349 .347 .390 .415 22.20 22.23 22.22 24.65 26.55 22.2 25.0 23.5 33.3 23.5 11.8 66.7 31.3 35.3 14.3 11.1 43.8 41.2 33.3 19.0 29.4 35.3 Roughers, 12inch: 8 plants___ 14 plants— 5 plants. Roughers, 16inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 27.10 19.45 23.77 27.05 2.5 11.1 31.0 53.1 29.1 30.4 11.9 17.9 16.0 4.9 26.6 1.3 17.7 24.1 1.3 5.2 22.4 20.7 37.0 37.0 16.7 22.2 29.6 20.7 6.9 34.5 9.7 38.7 45.2 20. C 32.7 40.0 7.3 16.7 72.2 11.1 58.6 41.4 4.7 13.8 37.9 14.8 31.5 27.6 10.3 6.5 11.2 43.8 41.6 3.4 27.2 51.9 12.3 8.6 8.2 54.1 7.1 25.9 8.6 56.8 7.4 27.2 4.8 19.0 58.3 15.5 2.4 9.6 234 BULLETIN- OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Roughers, 16inch—Con. 6 plants Aver age full time hours per week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 19.0 35.0 9.5 4.8 38.1 28.6 20.0 30.0 5.0 10.0 *23.*5 37.5 6.3 12.5 41.2 35.3 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1911 1912 42 40 62.3 $0,415 $26.05 61.8 .381 23.63 ....... 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Roughers, 18inch: 2 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 32 34 61.0 61.4 7 8 8 8 62.0 60.5 60.5 60.5 384 348 380 523 5 plants____ 1910 1911 1912 23 19 22 59.4 60.3 58.9 41.4 24.92 444 26.73 465 27.34 7 plants____ 1912 1913 Roughers, a l l sizes: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 31 33 58.9 58.6 494 29.04 .500 29.42 252 242 243 257 61.5 62.5 62.4 62.3 .434 .343 .368 .407 25 plants___ 1910 1911 425 395 61.0 60.6 .402 24.51 .376 22.65 6.1 15.3 29.9 30.1 17.2 1.4 3.5 18.7 44.1 20.5 12.2 1.0 26 plants— 1911 1912 403 408 60.5 60.2 .377 22.68 .389 23.36 3.5 18.4 43.7 21.6 11.9 1.0 5.9 17.6 29.9 28.9 14.7 2.9 26 plants___ 1912 1913 Catchers, 8-inch: 3 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 405 407 59.9 59.8 .393 23.42 .436 26.00 18 18 18 17 56.6 56.6 56.6 56.4 .362 .350 .335 .371 20.48 19.66 18.90 20.97 6 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Catchers, 9-inch: 2 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 26 27 25 25 54.3 54.1 54.1 54.3 .351 .319 .340 .400 19.14 17.32 18.48 21.98 12 12 12 12 58.0 .474 58.0 .455 58.0 .495 58.0 ‘ .526 27.30 25.94 28.68 30.37 33.3 4 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 17 17 15 56.5 56.8 55.7 .499 28.19 .440 24.76 .508 27.86 11.8 41.2 26.7 20.0 13i 54.3 13; 54.9 .546 29.55 .619 33.98 15.4 23.1 15.4 23.*i 1CI 1C1 1C1 1C> .352 .377 .379' .456 3 plants....... 1912 1913 Catchers,10-inch: 1 plant......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 72.0 72.0 71.5 71.5> .384 23.50 ....... . . . . ....... 435 26.85 14.3 85.7 75.0 *25*0 75.0 12.5 12.5 100.0 26.1 6.3 13.6 3.3 5.4 1*i 66.41 .449i 30.49i u S 66.4: .484: 33.12 11.1 20.7 19.8 16.3 51.6 41.9 36.4 45.5 6.1 36.5 31.4 45.7 28.0 22.2 15.1 31.0 3.3 21.8 9.5 27.6 20.2 2.3 8.7 4.9 19.3 28.1 27.9 16.8 3.0 ....... 0.5 1.7 10.8 23.8 35.6 22.4 3.2 **2*0 11.1 66.7 22.2 11.1 i i . i 33.3 44.4 n . i 88.9 82.4 11.8 5.9 4.0 11.5 11.5 7.4 7.4 4.0 *i6.*0 4.0 8.0 8.0 65.4 11.5 85.2 48.0 28.0 24.0 40.0 16.0 33.3 66.7 66.7 *33*3 66.7 33.3 66.7 52.9 47.1 47.1 53.3 61.5 90.0 10.0 70.0 30.0 70.0 30.0 100.0 25.35 27.14 27.06 32.63 1912 1913 26.1 47.8 *io*5 *3i.*6 57.9 9.1 *68.’ 2 22.7 6.5 12.1 ....... 26.28 21.35 22.72 25.21 ie> 66. £; .383 26.24 165 65. S1 .365i 24.46 If> 65. S1 .419» 28.23 43.8 23.68 20.83 22.73 31.55 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 2 plants.. ....... 25.0 12.5 62.5 6.3 6.3; 18.8 *i8.*8 50.0 25.0 12.5 50.0 12.5 1 11.1 11.1 66.7 11.1 16.7 5.6 16.7' 55.6 5.6 *6L5 235 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR— BAR MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Catchers,12-inch: 5 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver age full 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 time 12 and and and and and and and and and 70 week and un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly • der der der der der der der der der and earn der 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 16 65.6 $0,446 $29.52 17 64.1 .317 20.42 17 63.9 .349 22.61 18 63.7 .411 26.37 25.0 *4i. 2 23.5 11.8 22.2 12.5 6.3 56.3 52.9 5.9 47.1 *ii*8 **5.9 22.2 44.4 11.1 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 28 27 29 62.5 62.1 61.7 .403 25.40 .368 22.90 .348 21.52 21.4 32.1 32.1 14.3 7.4 14.8 55.6 18.5 13.8 20.7 41.4 17.2 6.9 1912 9 plants. 1913 Catchers. 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 16Catchers, inch: 1907 4 plants. 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 25 25 61.1 61.0 .372 22.88 .416 25.26 24.0 48.0 20.0 8.0 16.0 32.0 28.0 24.0 7 7 7 7 61.7 61.7 61.7 61.1 .458 .392 .407 .461 27.63 23.92 24.70 27.58 10 9 9 12 9 9 64.5 65.0 65.0 64.6 65.0 64.5 .636 .499 .552 .547 .664 .511 41.02 32.46 36.02 35.32 43.23 33.00 1912 1913 7 8 64.4 64.4 .418 26.90 .499 32.12 1907 1908 19C9 1910 3 4 4 4 61.0 58.3 58.3 58.3 .423 .314 .346 .466 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 58.6 59.0 58.0 .375 22.36 .369 21.99 .391 22.87 7 plants----- 1912 1913 Catchers, all sizes: 11 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 14 57.5 57.3 .467 27.01 .463 26.76 69 70 70 73 62.5 62.0 61.9 62.0 .442 .381 .400 .452 3 plants----Catchers, 18inch: 2 plants----- 5 plants___ 20 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 28.6 71.4 57.1 28.6 28.6 42.9 28.6 42.9 42.9 28.6 40 0 20.0 22.2 33.3 22.2 44.4 22.2 *33.3 33.3 33.3 44.4 22.2 11.1 77.8 22.2 ....... ..... ____ .......... 44.4 11.1 22.2 i2.5 *25.0 25.0 12.5 25.0 11.1 44.4 22.2 22.2 7.7 14.3 30.8 30.8 15.4 14.3 28.6 28.6 8.7 40.6 18.8 2.9 *i8*6 44.3 15.7 5.7 7.1 52.9 14.3 1.4 5.5 27.4 38.4 .419 25.45 ....... .392 23.70 .399 23.92 1912 1913 108 110 59.4 59.4 .415 24.81 .462 27.67 ....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 56 56 56 54 62.6 62.8 62.7 62.8 .305 .267 .274 .305 11 plants... 1910 1911 1912 75 73 73 61.6 60.4 60.4 .275 17.00 15.3 2.7 .249 15.12 15.3 .244 14.88 16.8 2.7 II plants... 1912 1913 67 66 60.6 60.7 .236 14.53 2 7.5 3.0 .6.0 10.4 20.9 38.8 13.4 .302 18.54 10.6 1.5 3.0 18.2 13.6 37.9 15.2 20 plants.... 'o.*9 .9 ------- 26.1 14.3 *i.*4 14.3 21.9 *5*5 15.4 14.3 5.8 2.9 5.7 1.7 6.1 9.6 27.8 33.0 18.3 3.5 2.7 5.4 9.9 49.5 18.0 10.8 .9 **2.*7 5.5 16.4 33.6 29.1 5.5 7.3 1.8 1.9 13.0 34.3 35.2 5.6 7.4 "*.*9 3.6 8.2 19.1 32.7 25.5 .9 19.11 3.6 35.7 19.6 19.6 10.7 10.7 16.77 **i.*8 *i.*8 32.1 35.7 28.6 17.22 1.8 **i.*8 32.1 39.3 25.0 19.11 3.7 11.1 44.4 33.3 7.4 6.7 20.0 34.7 25.3 5.5 is.’ i 27.4 19.2 27.4 5.5 9.6 19.2 35.6 20.5 1 Including 2.7 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 3 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 22.2 22.2 33.3 33.3 33.3 50.0 50.0 on 0 50.0 25.0 50.0 50.0 115 60.2 111 59.9 110 59.7 S tra n d e rs, 8-inch: 7 plants. 40.0 22.2 33.3 100.0 75.0 25.0 25.96 18.51 20.40 27.72 27.68 23.57 24.93 28.17 3.7 5.3 1.9 9.1 236 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOB STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of Year. and number of em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. it r a n d e r s , 9-inch: 6 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 41 39 39 39 56.2 $0,395 $20.75 56.4 .276 15.10 56.3 .287 15.75 56.3 .332 18.28 10 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 64 62 61 59.1 58.6 58.0 .289 16.64 .247 14.39 .235 13.44 1912 9 plants. 1913 S tra n d e rs, 10-inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 57 57 57.6 56.9 .241 13.68 .293 16.33 43 43 43 43 55.1 55.1 55.0 55.0 .354 .320 .378 .444 7 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 57 57 57 57.7 56.7 56.7 .390 21.13 .322 17.35 .370 19.71 7 plants___ 1912 1913 55 55 55.2 55.1 .372 19.39 .392 20.77 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 14 14 16 69.0 70.4 70.4 69.1 .352 .284 .293 .411 24.53 19.99 20.62 28.82 1910 1911 1912 1913 48 40 43 49 64.4 65.3 64.7 62.4 .286 .271 .309 .319 18.71 17.71 20.38 20.28 20 20 20 26 20 22 11 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 .233 .201 .211 .224 .221 .217 .255 14.00 12.06 12.65 13.46 13.25 13.01 15 *>7 2 2 2 2 2 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 .361 .344 .299 .484 .480 23.47 22.36 19.44 31.46 31.20 1911 1912 10 10 57.0 57.0 .424 24.28 .405 22.86 1912 1 plant. 1913 Stranders, all sizes: 13 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 8 8 55.0 55.0 .431 23.71 .523 28.77 S tra n d e rs, 12-inch: 3 plants___ 9 plants___ S tra n d er 1 3 -in c h , 14inch, and. 15inch: 1907 1 plant.. 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stranders, 16inch: 1 plant. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 2 plants. 175 59.5 174 59.7 174 59.7 180 59.7 .334 .277 .297 .344 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 4. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 22.0 23.1 5.1 20.5 5.1 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 14. 15.4 25.6 23.1 14. 51.3 46.2 66.7 5.1 2. 2.6 3.3 9.4 !9.7 14.1 43.8 4.8 17.7 27.4 29.0 11.3 9.8 14. 23.0 14. 27.! 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 22.0 22.0 10.5 15.8 24.6 15.8 29. J 3.5 15. 24.6 7.0 38.1 3.5 90.7 4.7 67.4 23.3 48. 27.9 9.3 41.9 19.47 17.08 19.95 23.09 9.3 18.6 5.3 36.8 14.0 10.5 31.6 15.8 15.8 15.8 36. 19.3 26.3 15.8 15.8 21.1 7.0 1. 27.3 16.4 16.4 16.4 21.8 3.6 21.8 32.7 16.4 21.8 15.4 61.5 14.3 71.4 12.5 62.5 23.1 85.7 28.6 25.0 8.3 50.0 8.3 12.5 20.8 40.0 15.0 5.0 37.5 2.5 23.3 32. 14.0 18.6 11. 42.9 26.5 4.1 2.0 24.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.7 30.1 20.0 27.3 1.1 19.45 16.25| 1.7 1.7 17.34! .6 2.3 20.06 . . . . 2.2 40.0 40. C 80.0 80.0 1.8 '30*8 1.0 72.7 27.3 ’72*7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20.0 80.0 100.0. .<100. o;. 2.3 3.4 21.1 1.1 7.5 25.3 2 .3 ....2 4 .1 1.1 4.411.1 16.0 23.0 27.6 25.0 34.3 8.0 8.6 5.1 39.7 .................<.... 36.2 6 .9 ........'. 35.6 8.9 11.7 . . . . 237 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy- Stranders, a ll sizes—Con. 21 plants... 1910 1911 272 254 22 plants.... 1911 1912 262 1912 1913 252 246 Aver age full time hours per week. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Average rate time 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 of week and and and and and and and and and and1 70 un un un un un un un un un un■ cts. ly per earnder der der der der der der der der der and hour. 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 60.6 $0,301 ; 11.5 1.5 ! 21.6 2.4 4.0i 6.6 27.2 19.5 26.1 5.9 4.7 16.9 26.8 16.9 20.1 10.6 .9.6 .272 .283 ; 21.5 2.3 ! 2 2.7 2.3 4.6 16.4 26.0 16.4 19.5 13.4 . . . . ....... 6.0 11.7 22.9 21.8 18.0 6.4 *8.3 58.7 .284 .328 >22.8 2.8 6.3 12.3 25.8 20.6 15.9 6.7 8.7 . . . . 1.2 5.3 21.1 18.7 27.2 10.6 13.0 ....... 64.5 64.8 64.7 65.1 .277 .290 60.6 59.6 59.6 18.24 .302 18.01 .295 17. 8.3 8.0 8.0 10 plants___ 1912 1913 9- 59.4 .301 17.84 .354 21.07 6.5 1907 1908 1909 1910 67.9 67.8 67.8 .244 .245 .254 .261 1910 1911 1912 1913 Finishers, 10inch: 4 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 64.3 63.8 63.4 63.2 .287 17.98'' 4.2 .272 17.18,'; 4. 3' .282 17.61 1 4.2 ---.293 68.0 68.0 67.7 67.7 27.29 .342 23.48 .387 26.16 .412 28.19 1910 1911 1912 69.3 68.4 68.4 .376 26.20 .329 22.72 ....... . . . . .358 24.73 20 plants---Finishers, 8inch: 6 plants___ 9 plants. Finishers, inch: 5 plants 9 plants. 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1912 24 25 25 14.3 28.6 14.3 28.6 14.3 14.3 15.4 .336 .271 .297 .359 8 plants....... 1910 1911 65.8 65.2 .349 22.74 20.78 1911 1912 1913 63.7 63.0 62.8 .309 19.51 .311 19.81 ....... .363 22.70 10 plants... 23.28 19.04 20.85 24.97 28.6 7.1 21.4 14.3 42.9 14.3 38.5 15.4 7.1 4.0 4.0 ___ ....... 33.3 13.3 35.7 ’ ii*3 35.7 14.3 14.3 ....... 35.7 ....... 37.5 4.2 20.8 30.4 21.7 8.7 37.5 25.0 8.3 ....... 54.2 20.8 12.5 ....... 20.0 20.0 40.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 20.0 50.0 50.0 60.0 20.0 20.0 16.7 16.7 33.3 16.7 16.7 8.3 8.3 16.7 16.7 16.7 25.0 8.3 . . . . ....... 41.7 33.3 8.3 16.7 25.0 50.0 8.3 16.7 8.3 41.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 18.2 50.0 16.7 33.3 18.2 36.4 18.2 9.1 18.2 36.4 36.4 9.1 33.3 33.3 16.7 16.7 35.0 30.0 25.0 10.0 31.6 26.3 10.5 »26.3 5.3 9.1 27.3 27.3 9.1 22.7 4.5 8.3 ....... 8.3 20.8 41.7 12.5 8.3 29.2 37.5 4.2 **8.3 12.5 : : : : : 8.3 Finishers, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 100.0 60.0 .315 18.90 1 plant......... 1907 100.0 60.0 .275 16.50 1908 17.34 100.0 60.0 1909 100.0 60.0J .316J 18.96 1910 1 Including 0.7 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 0.8 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 3Including 6.7 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 8.3 4.0 4.0 ....... 9.7 29.0 48.4 3.2 3.2 6.5 12.9 12.9 38.7 16.1 12.9 8.3 '--.. 25.0 4.3 I 4.3 26.1 4.2 4.2 16.7 8.3 4.2 .367 24.71 .427 28.62 69.3 70.5 70.4 69.5 14.3 21.4 14.3 30.8 8.3 29.2 45.8 8.0 36.0 40.0 12.0 36.0 36.0 16.24 313.3 ....... 13.3 26.7 16.53 7.1 14.”3 28.6 17.10 7.1 **7.*i *7.*i 28.6 17.58' 14.3 28.6 i 7,1 ---- 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Finishers, 12inch: 4 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 «.0 .8 7.7 238 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Finishers, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch— Concluded. 4 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 16Finishers, inch: 1907 2 plants. 1908 1909 1910 15 15 15 13 Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. • 18 and un der 20 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 64.0 $0,339 $21.01 64.0 .316 19.83 64.0 .319 19.97 63.4 .345 21.20 40.0 26.7 26.7 46.2 40.0 20.0 66.7 *6*7 53.3 20.0 30.8 15.4 7.7 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 8 8 8 9 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.2 .262 .242 .265 .310 16.39 15.11 16.68 19.37 50.0 50.0 62.5 37.5 25.0 75.0 33.3 66.7 27.3 72.7 18.2 81.8 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 3 plants. 1910 1911 11 11 62.5 63.5 .324 20.34 .325 20.73 4 plants. 1911 1912 1913 19 20 18 61.1 61.1 61.1 .363 22.08 10.5 57.9 31.6 .377 22.77 ....... . . . . 10.0 . . . . . . . . 40.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 ....... .410 24.87 55.6 22.2 *22*2 1907 1908 1909 1910 2 2 2 2 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 .435 .417 .438 .438 3 plants. 1910 1911 1912 5 5 6 61.9 60.7 58.9 .308 19.15 .350 21.38 .336 20.02 5 plants. 1912 1913 11 12 58.6 58.7 .427 25.19 .414 24.47 1907 1908 1909 1910 65 63 63 64 65.9 66.4 66.2 66.1 .309 .279 .300 .329 17 plants___ 1910 1911 111 110 64.0 63.4 .323 20.48 .309 19.50 .9 .9 : : : : 11.7 30.6 32.4 14.4 3.6 3.6 *i.*8 14.5 27.3 36.4 12.7 6.3 2.7 19 plants___ 1911 1912 121 126 62.8 62.5 .313 19.60 .319 19.92 .8 . . . . .8 3.3 3.3 13.2 25.6 34.7 16.5 4.0 2.4 9.5 37.3 27.0 11.9 2.5 2.4 *4*8 21 plants___ 1912 1913 137 134 62.0 61.8 .328 20.29 .363 22.36 .7 3.6 2.2 8.8 32.8 31.4 10.9 5.1 4.4 1.5 3.7 3.0 24.6 36.6 14.2 12.7 3.7 1907 1908 1909 ^910 49 37 37 37 64.8 69.1 68.9 69.9 .289 .230 .241 .318 18.98 15.75 16.46 22.33 24.5 5.4 16.2 5.4 48.6 10.8 54.1 21.6 42.9 32.7 13.5 10.8 27.0 8.1 32.4 8.1 37.8 13 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Hook ups; 13inch, 14-mch, and 15-inch: 1 plant......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 69 53 56 58 62.8 63.4 62.5 61.5 .282 .244 .269 .323 17.93 15.38 17.15 19.68 1.4 2.9 5.8 20.3 5.7 11.3 18.9 13.2 3.6 3.6 21.4 17.9 3.4 22.4 44.9 4.3 20.3 28.3 22.6 26.8 12.5 14.3 ....... 12.1 34.5 27.6 '8 14 8 12 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 .184 11.04 .163 9.77 .173 10.40 .197 11.84 50.0 50.0 100.0 75.0 25.0 66.7 33.3 Finishers, 18inch: 1 plant........ Finishers, all sizes: 10 plants__ Hook ups, 12inch: 6 plants. 27.30 26.25 27.48 27.48 100.0 50.0 50.0 m o m o! 60.0 40.0 *20*6 *40.'0 40.0 33.3 33.3 33.3 1 18.2 27.3 18.2 36.4 16.7 33.3 16.7 33.3 6.2 18.5 20.45 13.0 18.53 1.6 '3*2 "3.'2 3.2 23.8 19.85 1.6 1.6 4.8 15.9 21.80 1.6 9.4 3.1 29.2 36.5 33.3 25.0 18.5 20.0 4.6 . . . . 19.0 9.5 27.0 15.9 39.1 15.6 ” 6*3 1 Ineluding 1.5 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. ....... 239 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BAR MILLS. I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Hook ups, 13inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch— Concluded. Aver age full time hours per week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 14.0 36.0 16.0 16.0 6.7 40.0 33.3 19.6 31.4 15.7 "15.7 62.8 16.3 30 and un der 40 cts. 18.0 20.0 17.6 14.0 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1910 1911 1912 1913 50 45 51 43 64.2 $0,237 $14.66 64.2 .225 14.06 63.8 .229 14.29 63.8 .263 16.32 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 26 23 27 35 25 63.9 64.4 64.7 64.1 64.4 .263 .269 .274 .326 .337 1911 1912 35 36 62.4 61.5 .308 19.43 .269 16.61 14.3 22.9 51.4 11.1 i i . i 61.1 16.7 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Hook ups, 18inch: 2 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 32 34 61.1 61.5 .263 16.08 .329 20.28 12.5 12.5 68.8 6.3 8.8 2.9 76.5 11.8 9 10 10 9 62.2 61.0 61.0 60.8 .238 .190 .202 .294 5 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 20 21 24 60.4 60.5 59.2 30.0 .... .227 13.85 10.0 15.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 .221 13.48 119.0 19.0 4.8 14.3 14.3 : : : : : 28.6 : : : : : ....... 25.0 .217 12.93 8.3 8.3 16.7 12.5 29.2 7 plants____ 1912 1913 Hook ups, all sizes: 12 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 38 40 59.0 58.8 .258 15.31 .281 16.60 92 84 82 93 63.9 65.3 65.7 65.6 .268 .225 .241 .303 20 plants___ 1910 1911 174 144 63.2 63.4 .272 17.13 1.1 2.3 .251 15.81 2 2.8 4.9 7.5 15.5 13.8 23.6 25.9 6.9 22.9 17.4 11.1 31.2 9.2 1.4 1.1 1.4 21 plants___ 1911 1912 154 167 63.0 62.2 .250 15.66 3 2.6 4.5 .249 15.56 1.2 2.4 6.5 23.4 16.2 14.9 29.2 9.6 21.0 17.4 26.9 16.8 1.3 4.8 1.3 22 plants___ 1912 1913 R o ll hands, other, 8-inch: 5 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 177 175 61.9 61.4 .254 15.74 .300 18.27 9.0 19.8 17.5 25.4 20.3 4.5 ....... .6 2.3 32.0 8.6 40.0 14.3 20 20 20 20 65.1 65.3 65.1 65.1 .250 .237 .235 .257 Hook ups, 16inch: 6 plfVpts., t 16.91 15.4 17.35 17.80 20.97 21.83 61.5 7.7 7.7 13.0 8*7 2i.*7 4.3 52.2 14.8 37.0 40.7 *5*7 5.7 77.1 4.0 72.0 8.0 7.7 5.7 8.0 5.7 8.0 5.7 5.7 14.83 33.3 33.3 33.3 11.64 'io.'o 30.0 60.0 ....... ....... ....... 60 0 30.0 *io.*6 12.39 22.2 n.i 66.7 18.13 ....... 5.3 5.3 10.5 7.9 23.7 ....... 47.4 ....... 45.0 *5.6 5.0 2.5 10.0 32.5 17.30 4.3 9.8 4.3 16.3 43.5 19.6 2.2 14.70 1.2 '6*0 27.4 4.8 34.5 7.1 19.0 15.82 6.1 8.5 7.3 36.6 24.4 17.1 20.06 ....... 2.2 11.8 12.9 15.1 38.7 17.2 1.1 2.3 2.3 ....... 2.2 16.20 10.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 35.0 15.29 a5.‘ o 25.0 20.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 15.15 10.0 25.0 **5*0 . . . . 30.0 5.0 15.0 10.0 16.51 10.0 10.0 20.0 10.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 "5*0 33 60.6 .251 15.01 512.1 12.1 12.1 6.1 30.3 18.2 9 plants....... 1910 33 60.0 .253 15.04 6 6.1 6.1 21.2 *3*0 9.1 24.2 24.2 1911 33 60.0 .248 14.75 U5.2 3.0 15.2 3.0 12.1 27.3 18.2 1912 16.7 2.8 11.1 41.7 36 59.6 .284 16.83 8 16.6 1913 1 Including 9.5 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 1.4 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour, s Including 1.3 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 5 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 6 Including 6.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 6 Earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * 1ncluding 9.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 8.3 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 7.0 6.1 6.1 3.0 8.3 3.0 **3.’6 — 2.8 ....... ....... ....... 240 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. R o ll h a n d s, other, 9-inch: 3 plants___ Aver age full time hours per week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Employees earning each classified fate of wages perhotlf. Aver age full 12 14 16 30 40 50 @0 18 1 20 m time and and and and 1and and and and and and 70 week un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly der der der der der der der de? der and earn der 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts* cts. cts. Cts. cts. cts. 44.4 11.1 i 11.1 44.4 55.6 . . . J .. .. 11.1 44.4' 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3 ll.l ll.l ll.l 11.1 .267 .242 .257 .275 14.49 5.7 5.7 22.9! 5.7 13.24 **5.*7 2.9 28.6 25.7 14.05 5.6 2.8 30.6 5.6 15.38 11.1 22.’ 2 5.6 20.0 17.1 36.1 25.0 31.4 8.6 14.3 5.7 13.9 *5.6 25.0 **5.’ 6 5.6 70.4 70.4 70.0 70.0 .388 .327 .346 .409 27.24 22.89 24.04 28.38 39 39 39 67.8 66.8 66.8 .359 24.58 .327 22.11 .351 23.69 5.1 15.4 43.6 10.3 10.3 41.0 12.8 15.4 2.6 *’2*6 15.4 2.6 2.6 i2.*8 41.0 10.3 20.5 1912 1913 33 33 66.0 66.0 .341 22.72 .387 25.95 .... 1907 1908 1909 1910 24 21 21 22 70.1 70.4 70.3 69.9 .201 .194 .210 .302 9 plants. 1910 1911 1912 33 32 33 67.0 67.7 67.5 .285 19.06 .254 16.95 .298 20.25 7 plants. 1912 1913 28 28 67.5 67.4 .284 19.20 ....... .304 20.15 .... 29 28 25 19 62.1 61.7 63.4 60.0 .307 .268 .268 .335 17.941....... 15.81 16.17 19.38! ....... 4 4 4 4 4 3 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.5 64.5 .331 .331 .359 .374 .398 .394 21.26 21.21 22.97 24.13 25.63 25.51 1912 1913 6 6 64.5 64.5 .350 22.59> .408 26.36 1907 1908 1909 1910 2 2 2! 2! 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 .237 .181 .200 .296 1910 1911 1912 7' 59.9 ei 60.8 7r 59.2 1912 1913 9> 59.3 10> 58.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 18 18 59.7 $0,224 $12.91 60.4 .223 12.95 60.3 .222 12.90 60.3 .234 13.64 1910 1911 1912 1913 35 35 36 36 56.5 56.1 56.3 57.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 29 29 29 7 plants. 1910 1911 1912 6 plants. 6 plants. R o ll h an ds, other, 10-inch: 4 R o ll h a n d s, other, 12-inch: 4 plants___ R o ll h a n d s, other, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15inch: 3 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 1913 R o ll h a n d s, other, 16-inch: 2 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1 plant., R o ll h a n d s, other, 18-inch: 1 plant....... 3.4 75.9 3.4 17.2 41.4 17.2 17.2 10.3 13.8 3.4 51.7 20.7 10.3 10.3 3.4 6.9 58.6 13.8 6.9 6.9 *6.9 .... .... 5.1 5.1 5.1 2.6 7.7 6.1 “ 5‘ i 3.0 3.0 15.2 42.4 12.1 12.1 12.1 6.1 54.5 9.1 58.3 16.7 16.7 14.04 9.5 23.8 13.60 ....... 57.1 76.2 14.3 14.75 9.1 27.3 21.27 9.5 54.5 6.1 3.0 6.1 9.1 8.3 9.5 9.1 21.2 24.2 *6.3 12.5 62.5 6.1 6.1 27.3 3.0 45.5 6.1 . . . . ....... 3.1 3.1 12.5 3.0 51.5 ....... 6.1 ....... 28.6 ‘ 7‘ i 21.4 3.6 60.7 7.1 53.6 ....... 10.7 . . . . ....... 7.1 34.5 '35.7 40.0 17.2 6.9 41.4 *3*6 17.9 42.9 24.0 36.0 21.1 21.1 36.8 21.1 50.0 25.0 25.0 50.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 50.0 25.0 50.0 *25.0 25.0 50.0 25.0 25.0 33.3 66.7 66.7 14.84[ 11.33; 12.55 18.57r .226 13.67r .256 15.55 .235 13.91l ::::: 66.7 33.3 33.3 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 100. C1 16.7 16.7 .309 18.35 ,344 20.41i .......I .... 57.1 14.3 28.6 16.7 16.7 33.2 57.1 42. S 22.2 44.4 33.2 20. C1 30. C! 3Q.CI . . . . . 20. Ci ___ ....... 241 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 4.1 8.5 5.3 7.4 5.2 4.3 4.3 6.3 ___ ....... ___ ....... 1.1 ....... 2.1 2.1 R o ll h a n d s, other, all sizes: 9 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 97 94 94 95 18 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 180 177 176 62.8 62.5 62.7 .295 18.35 12.2 5.6 3.3 17.2 7.2 18.3 28.3 12.2 .273 16.97 12.2 2.8 17.5 6.2 19.2 22.0 18.6 8.5 .287 17.97 24.0 1.1 16.5 2.3 13.6 27.8 23.3 6.2 3.3 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.7 2.3 *’ i.*i 18 plants___ 1912 1913 Hotbed men: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 170 168 62.2 61.8 .284 17.56 34.2 1.2 17.1 1.2 13.5 29.4 24.1 .320 19.71 33.6 ___ 2.4 14.3 7.7 13.1 40.5 2.9 1.2 7.1 .6 302 299 286 302 63.3 63.2 63.3 63.3 .189 .174 .180 .208 25 plants___ 1910 1911 500 434 62.9 62.0 .200 12.46 810.4 15.6 25.4 14.2 16.6 11.4 .189 11.69 911.5 18.0 28.8 13.6 15.0 6.2 2.2 5.5 3.8 .9 .4 .5 26 plants.... 1911 1912 450 461 61.9 61.7 .188 11.61 1011.1 20.0 27.8 14.0 14.4 .192 11.80 H12.4 9.1 28.2 15.0 21.9 6.0 8.2 5.3 5.2 .9 .4 26 plants— 1912 1913 Shearmen: 15 plants___ 1907 1908 1909 1910 455 467 61.5 60.9 .192 11.73 1210.3 9.2 30.3 16.0 21.8 7.5 .221 13.43 13 4.4 4.5 5.8 28.3 36.0 13.1 4.8 5.8 2.1 94 92 93 97 64.8 65.1 65.3 65.0 .249 .216 .225 .247 25 plants___ 1910 1911 1912 156 151 154 63.3 62.5 62.4 .264 16.40 .254 15.55 .254 15.59 66.8 $0,278 $18.53 .. 2.1 26.8 8.2 8.2 12.4 67.0 .255 16.97 13.2 20.2 9.6 3.2 22.3 17.0 66.8 .266 17.65 2.1 5.3 11.7 18.1 11.7 25.5 66.7 .315 21.06 2.1 2.1 6.3 10.5 8.4 16.8 11.98 46.0 35.8 10.93 59.0 38.8 11.00 «18.2 24.5 13.02 7 7.3 12.6 15.6 10.6 19.9 5.6 21.4 12.4 11.7 4.3 18.5 11.5 18.9 3.1 28.8 11.9 19.2 11,9 33.0 11.7 14.9 35.8 4.1 8.9 1.2 1.8 6.6 2.3 ....... ..... 5.2 . .7 . . . . ....... 1.3 6.3 ....... ....... 16.20 1.1 18.1 21.3 21.3 12.8 21.3 ....... 2.1 2.1 ....... 14.10 “2.2 1.1 26.1 22.8 23.9 16.3 6.5 ....... . . . . . 1.1 ....... 14.72 ....... 6.5 14.0 29.0 21.5 17.2 9.7 1.1 ....... 1.1 ....... 16.11 9.3 8.2 24.7 14.4 18.6 20.6 3.1 1.0 ....... 1.3 8.3 7.1 19.2 17.3 18.6 19.9 1.3 5.3 11.3 27.2 15.2 16.6 13.2 1.3 3.2 11.0 24.7 20.1 16.2 16.2 5.8 6.6 3.9 .6 3.3 3.2 1.9 ..... ....... 156 62.4 .251 15.40 1.3 3.2 10.3 25.6 22.4 15.4 14.7 3.8 3.2 24 plants___ 1912 1913 159 62.0 .287 17.54 ....... . . . . 6.3 8.2 34.6 20.8 13.2 11.9 2.5 *2.5 ....... S h e a r m e n ’s helpers: 201 65.9 .174 11.46 1410.9 37.8 24.4 6.0 13.9 6.0 1.0 15 plants___ 1907 I 172 66.2 .168 11.07 1511.1 43.0 19.2 11.6 12.2 1.7 1.2 1908 1 185 67.3 .169 11.32 1620.1 34.1 17.3 9.2 14.6 2.7 1.1 1909 1 .9 215 65.3 .184 12.00 17 5.6 25.6 32.1 6.0 22.3 7.4 1910 i Including 1.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 1.7 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 1.8 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 4Including 4.6 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. e Including 2 per cent earning 8 and under 9 cents, 1.3 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 0.7 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. e Including 2.1 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents and 2.8 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. i Including 2 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents and 2 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. s Including 1.2 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents and 3.6 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 9 Including 5.3 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 1o Including 5.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. n Including 0.7 per cent earning 8 and under 9 cents, 1.1 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 4.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 12 Including 0.7 per cent earning 8 and under 9 cents, 1.1 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 3.7 per cent earnmg 10 and under 12 cents per hour. is Including 0.6per cent earning 7 and under 8 cents,0.6 per cent earning 8 and under 9 cents,0.4 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 1.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 14 Including 3.5 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. is Including 4.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 16Including 7.6 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. tf Including 0.9 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 83021°—Bull. 168—15------16 242 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Concluded. ' T able PER CENT—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. S h ea rm en ’ s helpers—Con. 23 plants__ Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 3.9 .6 1.1 0.6 50 and un der 60 cts. 1910 1911 1912 355 359 358 64.7 $0,187 $12.02 110 7 16.3 30.7 8.2 24.5 63.8 .178 11.28 2 12.5 15.9 43.5 6.1 15.9 63.9 .184 11.74 3 9.5 8.4 39.7 7.8 26.3 5.6 5.0 7.3 1912 1913 337 316 63.4 62.8 .183 11.52 ^9.5 8.9 42.4 6.8 23.7 .214 13.30 5 4.4 7.0 6.6 27.8 35.8 .6 8.0 ....... 7.0 10.8 ’ *’ .*6 1907 1908 1909 1910 41 41 41 41 66.9 66.9 66.8 67.1 .202 .174 .186 .213 2.4 2.4 6 plants... 1910 1911 77 81 66.1 63.5 7 plants.. 1911 1912 131 132 7 plants... 1912 1913 22 plants---Bundlers: 5 plants.. 13.53 11.68 **4.9 29.3 12.42 9.8 14.23 4.9 24.4 31.7 39.0 36.6 19.5 7.3 31.7 43.9 14.6 22.0 4.9 63.4 4.9 .207 13.69 .193 12.28 2.6 11.7 31.2 51.9 1.2 19.8 39.5 37.0 2.6 2.5 62.0 62.0 .197 12.20 .193 11.94 .8 12.2 24.4 61.1 12.1 68.2 18.2 1.5 1.5 129 136 61.6 61.4 .194 11.96 .228 14.05 1.6 78.3 18.6 1.5 88.2 1.6 8.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 296 227 324 424 68.3 64.8 67.8 67.2 .153 10.44 9.1 58.4 32.4 .153 9.93 17.2 39.6 43.2 .150 10.17 15.4 56.2 28.4 .161 10.81 9.4 7.3 83.3 15 plants., 1910 1911 511 355 67.8 66.0 .160 10.86 10.0 13.7 76.3 .160 10.59 12.4 7.3 80.3 17 plants. 1911 1912 390 424 65.5 65.9 .159 10.40 11.3 15.6 .159 10.52 10.4 12.7 76.9 21 plants. 1912 1913 536 705 65.0 64.3 .160 10.38 14.4 11.2 71.8 2.6 .178 11.51 1.1 7.4 48.7 33.6 9.2 ....... ....... ....... ....... Laborers: 10 plants. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. ..... ....... 2.4 1.5 ....... 1 Including 1.7 per cent earning 8 and under 9 cents and 2.3 p er cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 3.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. s Including 0.6 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents and 3.1 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 0.6 per cent earning 9 and under 10 cents and 3.3 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. s Including 0.6 per cent earning 6 and under 7 cents and 0.6 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 243 WAGES AND HOUKS OF LABOE— BAR MILLS. T a b l e I I ___ AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS. [The abbreviation “ G. L. and M. W .” stands for “ Great Lakes and Middle West.” ] STOCKERS. Num Num ber Year and dis ber of em of trict. plants ploy ees. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W. 6 7 4 71 86 58 Aver- Aver age rate of time hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per horn*. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 59.1 $0,263 $15.43 60.9 .217 12.76 63.1 .217 13.63 2 4 1 5 37 *’ ii 14 8 24 11 22 16 11 12 20 15 2 5 56 57 39 37 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. Total........ 17 215 60.9 .232 13.88 2 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W. 6 7 4 86 82 58 59.2 60.3 63.1 .270 15.88 .251 14.74 .231 14.51 3 19 4 1 26 26 14 30 32 6 10 22 17 4 6 6 Total........ 17 226 60.6 .253 15.12 3 1 59 48 43 12 61.2 $0,479 $29.19 61.2 .506 30.81 63.7 .516 32.21 4 14 5 17 22 4 14 10 12 18 17 6 10 8 19 2 14 23 43 36 41 37 16 19 60 HEATERS. 1912. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 8 10 8 65 85 46 Total........ 26 196 61.8 .499 30.60 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G .L .an dM . W . 8 10 8 72 86 53 61.1 61.6 62.7 .520 31.57 .593 36.28 .561 34.59 1 3 14 7 5 24 14 11 10 23 14 14 16 21 10 22 2 Total........ 26 211 61.7 .560 34.25 1 3 26 49 47 51 34 HEATERS’ HELPERS. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 8 10 6 104 172 42 61.1 $0,242 $14.79 60.8 .262 15.65 68.4 .234 15.92 17 4 8 2 8 18 23 2 10 80 8 31 21 12 18 40 8 2 6 Total........ 24 318 61.9 .251 15.41 21 18 43 98 64 66 8 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W. 8 10 6 116 171 37 61.0 61.2 69.4 .246 14.99 .296 17.82 .254 17.52 11 2 12 10 38 10 60 9 8 17 36 13 27 43 7 1 18 2 Total 24 324 62.0 .273 16.77 13 12 29 106 66 77 19 2 CHARGERS AND HELPERS. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . Total........ 3 9 7 61.2 $0,179 $10.90 64.4 .200 12.69 64.8 .203 13.21 4 18 10 50 10 1 4 13 22 6 14 13 14 2 64.3 .199 12.72 22 70 20 40 27 2 21 61.0 104 63.3 60 65.4 .181 10.99 .228 14.28 .232 15.09 1 8 7 7 31 12 14 6 43 16 13 10 6 4 2 4 1 185 .224 14.17 1 2? 65 23 10 6 1 15 104 62 19 ' 181 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh........ G. L. and M. W. 3 9 7 Total........ 19 63.7 52 244 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR. BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le DRAG DOWNS. Year and dis trict. Num Num ber ber of em of plants ploy ees. 1913. Eastern___ ____ Pittsburgh........ G. L. and M. W. 7 8 5 33 65 23 Total........ 20 121 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W. 7 8 5 Total........ 20 Aver Aver age age full rate of time hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 60.9 $0,241 $14.77 66.5 .224 14.76 60.0 .339 20.24 2 14 63.8 .251 15.81 2 14 36 65 23 61.0 65.4 60.0 .257 15.68 .257 16.73 .387 22.93 4 124 63.1 .281 17.57 4 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. "io 17 15 10 16 5 2 8 14 4 10 32 31 24 4 ” 9 17 21 12 11 3 6 20 9 11 9 38 26 35 11 4 4 1 1 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and un der 70 cts. 70 cts. and over. ROLL ENGINEERS. 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh. . G. L. and M. W. 6 8 6 18 53 22 66.7 $0,201 $13.43 70.4 .230 16.26 72.1 .244 17.53 5 2 4 2 9 39 13 2 10 7 8 61 19 Total 20 93 70.1 .228 16.02 5 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh____ G. L .an dM . W. 6 8 6 22 53 22 65.6 71.8 72.4 .221 14.35 .257 18.44 .258 18.63 4 14 12 4 4 39 14 2 4 Total 20 97 70.5 .249 17.56 4 30 57 6 ROLLERS: 8-INCH. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . 3 6 2 5 20 4 54.8 $0.724 $40.29 58.1 .964 57.36 61.5 .706 45.70 1 Total 11 29 58.0 .887 52.81 1 1913. Eastern. ___ Pittsburgh......... G. L .a n d M .W . 3 6 2 5 20 4 52.6 .887 47.28 58.9 1.118 65.59 61.5 1.059 64.82 1 2 3 11 29 58.1 1.070 62.33 1 5 Total.. . . 4 2 2 *“ i 2 3 13 1 4 4 3 17 *i 1 3 15 3 2 21 ROLLERS: 9-INCH. 1913. Eastern......... Pittsburgh____ G .L .an d M . W. Total.. 1913. Eastern......... Pittsburgh... G. L .a n d M .W . T otal.. 10 5 10 7 61.2 $0,634 $38.71 60.6 .858 52.82 67.8 .874 22 63.0 .812 51.60 2 5 3 5 61.2 .784 48.11 10 60.2 .930 57.13 7 67.8 1.042 69.95 5 6 5 10 .932 59.16 16 245 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le R O L L E R S : 1 0 -IN C H . Year and dis trict. Num Num ber ber of em of plants ploy ees. 1913. Eastern.............. Aver Aver age age full rate of time hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 5 6 12 52.3 $0,877 $45.35 1.163 78.10 67.1 Pittsburgh......... Total........ 7 18 62.1 1.068 67.18 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 2 5 6 12 51.7 .920 47.60 67.1 1.239 83.54 6 12 Total 7 18 61.9 1.132 71.56 18 6 11 1 17 R O L L E R S : 1 2 -IN C H . 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W. 4 5 3 7 13 7 61.1 $1,036 $63.46 63.2 .717 45.99 71.1 .860 61.10 5 1 3 7 7 4 Total........ 12 27 64.7 .837 54.44 5 4 18 1 3 8 12 4 4 24 3 2 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh Total 4 5 3 12 8 61.0 .996 60.59 13 62.8 .989 61.78 .871 71.1 .andM . W61.90 . 7G. L 28 64.4 .961 61.47 i ! 1 ROLLERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1912. Eastern .. Pittsburgh .. G. L. and M. W. 1 2 1 2 5 2 72.0 $0,385 $27.72 57.6 .772 44.02 68.0 .549 37.33 2 3 Total 4 9 63.1 .637 38.91 2 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh G. L. and M. W. 1 2 1 2 5 2 72.0 56.8 68.0 .385 27.72 .875 49.72 .4,1 32.03 2 Total . . . . 4 9 62.7 .676 40.90 2 2 2 2 5 2 1 2!1 5 R O L L E R S : 1 6 -I N C H . 1912. Eastern Pittsburgh G .L . and M .W . 2 2 1 3 4 4 5 11 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh G. L. and M. W. 2 2 1 4 4 3 Total 5 11 Total .. 59.8 $0,673 $40.35 64.3 .915 59.85 60.5 .745 44.41 2 2 2 1 2 2 .787 48.92 6 5 61.7 61.0 .920 56.70 64.3 1.173 76.52 58.7 .869 49.71 61.5 .998 62.00 1 .... 1 4 4 2 10 1 246 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le ROLLERS: 18-INCH. Year and dis trict. Aver Num Aver age age Num ber full rate ber of of time em hours of wages plants ploy per per ees. week. hour. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 7 3 2 Total........ 12 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L.andM . W . 8 3 2 Total........ 13 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 58.1 $0,703 $40.70 57.3 1.289 74.47 62.8 .921 58.98 1 .886 52.19 1 58.7 58.3 .794 46.36 57.3 1.277 73.80 62.8 1.248 79.74 58.8 .975 57.83 50 and un der 60 cts. i ! 1....... 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 3 4 3 1 3 8 2 6 3 2 2 11 ROLLERS: ALL SIZES. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .a n d M .W . 8 10 6 35 67 26 Total........ 24 128 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G .L .an dM . W . 8 10 6 38 67 25 Total 24 130 1913. 58.6 $0,772 $44 9^ 61.3 .93.3 58.11 66.2 .803 53.62 1 61.6 1 2 .863 53.60 2 4 1 4 10 2 5 9 9 24 44 13 5 16 23 81 1 2 2 5 1 2 3 6 32 57 16 11 105 58.5 .859 49.28 61.4 1.079 66.64 66.2 .947 62.19 2 1 61.5 3 3 8 .989 60.71 ROUGHERS: 8-INCH. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh_____ G. L .a n d M .W . 3 6 2 13 54 12 55.7 $0,322 $17.96 56.5 .334 19.19 54.3 .359 19.47 6 8 14 6 2 21 3 12 6 1 Total 11 79 56.0 .336 19.03 6 28 23 21 ' 1 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .a n d M .W . 3 6 2 13 54 12 53.2 57.6 54.3 .408 21.75 .379 22.26 .428 23.19 2 7 5 7 2 19 3 5 9 Total........ 11 79 56.4 .391 22.32 2 7 12 24 15 9 1913. | 1 I 6 13 1 14 19 1 14 22 23 11 25 22 ROUGHERS: 9-INCH. 1912. 58.2 $0,283 $16.45 62.0 .408 25.17 53.1 .505 26.75 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . Total........ 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . Total.. 82 57.0 .433 24.35 58.2 61.3 52.9 .440 26.89 .557 29.53 56.6 .484 27.20 17 21.39 247 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able ROUGHERS: 10-INCH. Num Num ber of Year and dis ber em trict. of plants ploy ees. Aver Aver age age full rate time of hours wages per per week hour. AverS time week ly earn ings. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 2 5 16 37 54.0 $0.379 $19.81 65.1 .372 23.76 Number of employees naming each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 8 6 20 4 8 4 3 14 20 12 7 Total........ 7 53 61.7 .374 22.57 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 2 5 16 37 53.1 65.1 .400 20.91 .419 27.01 8 20 6 14 2 3 Total........ 7 53 61.5 .413 25.17 28 20 5 7 31 8 6 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. ROUGHERS: 12-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .a n d M .W . 5 5 3 27 36 18 58.4 $0,453 $26.61 65.8 .345 22.73 70.7 .436 30.93 2 5 12 10 Total........ 13 81 64.4 .401 25.84 7 46 6 22 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .a n d M .W . 5 5 3 30 36 18 58.1 65.2 70.7 .443 25.92 .451 28.99 .445 31.54 4 2 6 8 15 24 10 9 4 2 Total........ 13 84 63.8 .447 28.44 4 16 49 13 2 12 4 7 2 12 10 24 ROUGHERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. / 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .a n d M .W . 1 2 2 2 16 29 72.0 $0,426 $30.67 54.0 .400 21.13 64.7 .341 22.25 Total........ 5 47 61.4 .364 22.23 12 11 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .an d M .W . 1 2 2 2 16 23 72.0 54.5 65.9 .407 29.30 .477 25.65 .321 21.14 7 2 16 Total 5 41 61.8 .386 23.30 7 18 •4*. 4§ * 2 9 5 11 5 ROUGHERS: 16-INCH. 1912. Eastern.......... Pittsburgh......... 2 10 58.9 $0,291 $17.48 2 14 64.3 .367 23.64 G. L 1 .a n d8M .W . .528 30.77 57.8 8 6 14 2 8 4 Total........ 5 32 61.0 .384 23.50 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .a n d M .W . 2 2 1 14 14 6 60.5 64.3 56.8 .346 21.14 .502 32.29 .486 27.47 8 Total 5 34 61.4 .435 26.85 8 4 12 2 6 6 2 8 4 14 12 4 248 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le ROUGHERS: 18-INCH. Year and dis trict. 1912. Num Num ber ber of of em plants ploy ees. Aver Aver age age full rate of time hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G.L.and M .W . 4 2 1 16 9 6 57.5 $0,475 $27.22 58.8 .564 33.19 62.8 .441 27.64 2 9 1 6 5 8 Total 7 31 58.9 .494 29.04 2 16 13 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G .L .an dM . W . 4 2 1 18 9 6 57.2 58.8 62.8 .461 26.41 .562 33.06 .526 32.98 4 12 Total........ 7 33 58.6 .500 29.42 4 1913. 2 9 6 12 15 2 ROUGHERS: ALL SIZES. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G .L .an dM . W . 8 10 8 99 193 113 57.5 $0,384 $22.09 61.1 .372 22.70 59.8 .435 25.82 8 12 29 31 18 15 81 18 24 51 38 23 18 27 12 Total........ 26 405 59.9 .393 23.42 20 78 114 113 68 12 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G .L .an dM . W . 8 10 . 8 108 193 106 57.2 61.3 59.7 .411 23.57 .434 26.59 .466 27.41 2 7 24 13 7 18 49 30 47 65 33 17 54 20 2 3 8 8 Total........ 26 407 59.8 .436 26.00 2 7 44 97 145 91 13 8 1913. CATCHERS: 8-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh.____ G. L .andM . W . 3 2 1 5 14 6 54.8 $0.259 $14.46 53.7 .331 17.81 54.5 .429 23.38 1 ___ 1 2 2 12 Total........ 6 25 54.1 .340 18.48 1 1 4 12 7 5 52.6 3 14 54.9 2 1 .an dM 6 . 54.5 G .L W. .334 17.80 .420 23.32 .410 22.32 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 7 3 .400 21.98 1 2 2 6 10 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... Total........ 6 25 54.3 1 6 2 2 4 CATCHERS: 9-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G .L .an dM . W . 1 1 1 2 3 8 Total 3 13 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G .L .an dM . W . 1 1 1 Total........ 3 1913. 63.0 $0,257 $16.19 48.0 .366 17.58 54.5 .686 37.39 2 54.3 .546 29.55 2 2 3 8 63.0 50.7 54.5 .442 27.85 .381 19.30 .753 41.01 2 2 1 13 54.9 .619 33.98 2 3 3 8 8 3 8 8 249 W A G E S A N D H O U B S OF L A B O R — B A R M I L L S . I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAB MILLS—Continued. T able CATCHERS: 10-INCH. Aver Num Aver Aver age age age full Num ber full ber time Year and dis of time rate of em week of trict. plants ploy hours wages ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. Number of employees .earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh. . . 1 1 4 14 48.8 $0,312 $15.21 71.5 .488 34.86 2 2 Total........ 2 18 66.4 .449 30.49 2 2 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh ____ 1 1 4 14 48.8 71.5 .295 14.37 .538 38.47 3 1 Total........ 2 18 66.4 .484 33.12 3 1 4 2 6 6 2 3 2 12 2 12 2 3 10 1 3 10 1 CATCHERS: 12-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. 4 12 58.9 $0,352 $20.49 Pittsburgh......... 5 13 63.2 .391 25.08 Total........ 9 25 61.1 .372 22.88 6 12 5 2 1913. Eastern............ : Pittsburgh........ 4 5 12 13 58.9 62.8 .359 20.95 .467 29.25 4 4 4 4 3 6 25 61.0 .416 25.26 4 8 7 6 2 2 3 3 Total........ 9 CATCHERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. 2 72.0 $0,375 $27.00 1 2 Pittsburgh......... 5 57.6 .419 23.78 Total 3 7 61.7 .407 24.70 4 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 1 2 2 5 72.0 56.8 .363 26.14 .500 28.15 2 Total........ 3 7 61.1 .461 27.58 2 3 3 2 2 CATCHERS: 16-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 1 2 1 6 64.5 $0,452 $29.15 64.3 .412 26.52 1 6 Total........ 3 7 64.4 .418 26.90 7 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... 1 2 2 6 64.5 64.3 .495 31.93 .500 32.18 2 4 2 Total........ 3 •8 64.4 .499 32.12 6 2 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 250 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able CATCHERS: 18-INCH. Year and dis trict. Num ber ber of em of plants ploy ees. 1912. 4 2 Aver- Average age full rate of time hours wages per per week. hour. Averfull time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 14 and un der 16 cts. 12 and un der 14 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 ;and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 1 7 56.6 $0,355 $20.18 40 and un der 50 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 4 50 and un der 60 cts. 2 2 G. L. and M .W . 1 4 2 56.3 62.8 .637 36.34 .515 32 W Total........ 7 13 57.5 .467 27.01 1 4 4 1913. 8 4 2 56.4 56.3 62.8 .348 19.71 .651 37.04 .548 34.39 2 2 4 G. L. and M. W . 4 2 1 Total........ 7 14 57.3 .463 26.76 2 Eastern.............. 60 :and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4 10 4 14 23 6 26 6 4 2 *8 2 2 14 37 38 6 8 2 CATCHERS: ALL SIZES. 1912. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . g 10 2 Total........ 20 108 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 8 10 2 Total........ 20 1913. 33 57.8 $0,332 $19.27 59 61.3 .419 26.09 16 55.5 .568 31.50 1 59.4 . 415 24.81 1 35 59 16 57.6 61.6 55.5 .358 20.78 .487 30.26 .598 33.17 1 3 1 8 1 9 9 3 12 21 3 2 24 2 1 2 110 59.4 .462 27.67 1 4 9 21 36 28 1 10 5 3 6 20 6 8 26 9 2 STRANDERS:: 8-INCH. 1912. 7 56.1 $0,228 $12.89 1 1 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh . .. G. L. and M .W . 3 6 2 48 12 61.0 61.5 .236 14.57 .245 15.32 15 2 3 *7 Total 11 67 60.6 .236 14.53 15 2 4 7 14 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh........ G. L. and M .W . 3 6 2 6 48 12 53.4 61.4 61.5 .276 14.84 .295 18.29 .344 21.42 7 1 1 1 3 7 2 9 13 10 10 Total........ 11 66 60.7 .302 18.54 7'___ 1 2! 12 . 9ij 25 10 12 2! 9 17 1913. 1 2 STRANDERS : 9-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 2 4 3 13I 57.5 $0.176 $10.07 iei 66. G .207 13.58 281 52.8 .291 15.42 2J Total g 57r 57.6 2[ Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 2 4 31 13t 57.5 .211 12.26 ie> 63.*t .230 14.62 2?1 52.81 .367 19.20 2 Total c1 57' 5 1913. .241 13.68 56. fi1 .293 16.33 2 4 9 6 9 14 S► 17 s 2 101 2> 4I <31 14I 4[ 2 ?,( e| 22! (i i Including 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 8 251 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. Table STRANDERS: 10-INCH. Aver Num Aver age age Num ber full ber Year and dis of time rate of of em hours trict. plants ploy per wages per ees. week. hour. 1912. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 1 7 8 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and im der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 2 5 8 54.0 $0,218 $11.81 47 55.4 .398 20.68 9 9 9 12 Total........ 7 55 55.2 .372 19.39 1 15 9 9 9 12 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 2 5 8 47 53.1 55.4 .244 13.14 .417 22.09 2 2 4 8 18 9 12 Total........ 7 55 55.1 .392 20.77 2 2 12 18 9 12 STRANDERS: 12-INCH. 1912. E astern............ 4 4 1 10 23 10 58.3 $0,273 $16.06 64.2 .216 13.63 72.0 .559 40.25 14 4 2 2 6 4 1 9 43 64.7 .309 20.38 14 6 8 5 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 4 4 1 16 23 10 56.9 62.0 72.0 .251 14.45 .274 16.54 .531 38.23 6 15 8 5 2 Total........ 9 49 62.4 .319 20.28 21 13 2 G. L. and M. W . Total. 10 10 1 2 10 1 12 STRANDERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1912. G. L. and M .W . 1 22 60.0 $0,217 $13.01 1913. G. L. and M. W . 1 11 60.0 6 16 .255 15.27 3 8 STRANDERS:: 16-INCH. 1912. G. L. and M .W . 1 8 55.0 $0.431 $23.71 1913. G. L. and M .W . 1 8 55.0 8 .523 28.77 8 STRANDERS: ALL SIZES. 1912. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 6 8 6 38 134 80 56.7 $0,220 $12.53 60.2 .286 16.43 58.7 .311 18.67 2 15 *2 3 7 6 10 21 16 25 24 2 35 15 5 18 17 9 8 12 10 2 16 31 65 52 40 17 22 Total........ 20 252 59.2 .284 16.56 17 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 6 8 6 43 134 69 55.9 59.7 58.5 .241 13.60 .326 18.88 .387 22.83 7 3 12 13 1 32 7 12 26 8 6 31 30 20 6 14 18 Total 20 246 58.7 .328 19.07 7 3 13 46 67 26 32 52 ■Including 2 employees earning 10and under 12 cents per hour. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 252 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le FINISHERS: 8-INCH. Num Num ber ber of Year and dis em of trict. plants ploy ees. 1912. Aver age full time hours per week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 2 6 2 3 22 6 58.8 $0,296 $17.45 58.0 .310 18.17 64.0 .266 16.85 Total........ 10 31 59.3 .301 17.84 2 6 2 3 22 6 55.2 58.7 64.0 .347 19.14 .377 22.32 .275 17.47 10 31 59.4 .354 21.07 1913. Eastern ....... Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . Total...... Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 2 1 2 1 6 2 2 11 2 1 1 2 .... 3 9 15 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 7 2 5 4 2 4 4 *12 5 4 : **4 5 4 4 9 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. FINISHERS: 9-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 1 5 3 3 10 11 55.0 $0,300 $16.50 60.6 .279 16.47 68.2 .281 18.94 1 Total...... . 9 24 63.4 .282 17.61 1 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. ana M. W . 1 5 3 3 10 11 55.0 60.2 68.2 Total........ 9 24 63.2 1913. 3 3 1 1 1 1 .300 16.50 .288 16.96 .295 19.92 1 1 1 5 8 .293 18.26 2 1 13 5 6 3 2 2 2 1 2 3 FINISHERS: 10-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 1 4 2 10 59.3 $0,314 $18.60 67.7 .377 25.93 3 2 4 1 2 Total........ 5 12 66.3 .367 24.71 3 6 1 2 2 10 57.5 67.7 .396 22.77 .433 29.79 1 2 3 2 2 2 12 66.0 .427 28.621....... 1 5 2 2 2 ” *5 3 3 4 3 2 5 10 3 2 1 4 2 2 5 2 1 2 7 9 1 2 1913. Eastern.............. 1 4 ......... Pittsburgh Total........ 5 1 FINISHERS: 12-INCH. 1912. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 3 5 2 5 13 6 54.1 $0,229 $12.41 63.2 .301 18.77 70.0 .400 28.24 2 Total........ 10 24 63.0 .311 19.81 2 Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. ana M. W . 3 5 2 5 13 6 54.1 62.8 70.0 .266 14.40 .378 22.96 .412 29.05 2 Total........ 10 24 62.8 .363 22.70 2 .... 1913. 2 2 1 2 1 1....... 253 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le FINISHERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. Aver Num Aver age age Num ber fmlber Year and dis of time rate of trict. of em hours plants ploy per wages per ees. week. hour. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 1 2 1 4 7 4 Aver age full time week ly* earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 72.0 $0,305 $21.96 61.7 .337 19.89 60.0 .302 18.12 4 Total........ 4 15 64.0 .319 19.97 4 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 1 2 1 4 7 2 72.0 59.4 60.0 .288 20.74 .378 21.61 .345 20.70 4 2 Total........ 4 13 63.4 .345 21.20 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 4 4 3 8 3i ' 2 2 2 1 6 4 2 1 FINISHERS: 16-INCH. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh........ G. L. and M. W . Total... . 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... Total........ 1 2 1 2 10 8 57.5 $0,275 $15.81 64.4 .276 17.77 57.8 .528 30.77 2 2 6 2 4 20 61.1 .377 22.77 2 8 2 2 57.5 1 2 10 64.4 1 and6M .W 56.8 G. L. . .361 20.76 .375 24.14 .486 27.47 2 8 .410 24.87 10 4 18 61.1 4 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 FINISHERS: 18-INCH. 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 2 2 1 4 5 2 57.0 $0,285 $16.29 58.2 .535 31.39 62.8 .438 27.48 2 2 1 2 4 Total........ 5 11 58.6 .427 25.19 2 3 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W . 2 2 1 5 5 2 57.6 58.2 62.8 .288 16.63 .531 31.11 .438 27.48 2 3 1 Total 5 12 58.7 .414 24.47 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 4 FINISHERS: ALL SIZES. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh........ G. L. and M .W . 5 10 6 23 77 37 Total 21 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh....... G. L. and M. W . Total 59.2 $0,281 $16.77 61.7 .326 20.02 64.4 .362 23.06 1 137 62.0 .328 20.29 1 .... 5 10 6 24 77 33 58.6 61.5 64.9 .307 18.00 .383 23.45 .359 23.01 1 1 21 134 61.8 .363 22.36 2 5 2 1 ***6 6 8 27 10 13 24 6 7 8 7 5 3 12 45 43 15 7 6 *2 2 7 14 12 15 28 6 13 6 13 4 3 2 4 33 49 19 17 5 2 3 5 6 254 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le HOOK UPS: 12-INCH. Year and dis trict. Num Aver Aver Num ber age age full rate ber of em time of of plants ploy hours wages ees. per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh.......... G. L. and M .W . 5 5 3 11 32 13 57.6 $0,235 $13.70 60.6 .225 13.43 71.5 .408 29.24 2 Total........ 13 56 62.5 .269 17.15 2 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh ___ G. L. and M .W . 5 5 3 12 32 14 57.4 60.8 66.4 .267 15.36 .317 18.69 .384 25.63 Total 13 58 61.5 .323 19.68 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. *‘ i2 3 7 2 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 4 13 2 3 8 10 15 7 8 2 2 11 4 3 2 12 6 2 6 8 2 13 7 20 16 2 12 HOOK UPS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh __ G. L. and M .W . 1 2 2 Total........ 5 12 72.0 $0.189 $13.58 17 59.31 .272 15.28 22 62.9!i .218 13.91 51 63.8| .229 14.29 8 4 4 4 4 10 1913. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 10 16 8 8 1 2 2 12 17 14 72.0| .224 16.15 57.9 .313 17.36 64. oj .236 15.20 12 8 7 7 Total........ 5 43 63.8 . 263 16.32 27 8 9 9 6 3 7 6 3 2 2 *‘ *4 4 6 12 2 4 22 2 1 8 10 8 4 1 3 1 26 4 HOOK UPS: 16-INCH. 1913. Eastern.......... Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 2 2 1 6 62.2 $0.24lLl5.10 14 64.3 .264 17.00 12 56.8 .272 15.50 ....... L ... Total 5 32 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G .L . and M .W . 2 2 1 10 63.1 14 64.3 10 56.1 .290 18.35 ....... .370 23.79 .310 17.32 Total........ 5 34 .329 20.28 61.1 61.5 .263 16.08 j ____ '___ ____ ....... . . . . 4 2 ____ „____ HOOK UPS: 18-INCH. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 4 2 1 16 14 8 57.5 $0,184 $10.56 58.6 .330 19.40 62.8 .282 17.67 J i I 2 2 2 4 3 9 18 4 9 2 2 12 6 13 18 4 2 Total........ 7 38 59.0 .258 15.31 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 4 2 1 18 57.2 14 58.6 8 62.8 .223 12.64 .326 19.19 .334 20.94 1 2 I i 1 Total........ 7 40 58.8 .281 16.60 ! 2 1 1 1 4 7 2 12 6 2 2 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 255 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. T a b le I I , — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. HOOK UPS: ALL SIZES. Aver Num Aver age age Num ber full Year and dis of time rate ber of .em trict. of wages plants ploy hours per per ees. week. horn*. 1912* Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 7 8 7 45 77 55 Total........ 22 177 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 7 8 7 Total........ 22 Aver age full time week lyearn ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 4 16 and un der 18 cts. 62.0 $0,205 $12.74 60.6 .261 15.57 63.6 .284 18.43 2 61.9 .254 15.74 2 52 77 46 61.8 60.4 62.8 .246 15.18 .327 19.41 .314 19.83 4 1 175 61.4 .300 18.27 4 1 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 50 60 and and and 70 un un un cts. der der der and 50 60 70 over. cts. cts. cts. 11 18 6 14 17 4 19 22 4 23 9 8 16 35 31 45 36 8 4 25 21 10 4 3 8 10 40 20 4 13 8 4 56 15 70 25 1 3 2 7 6 1 1 4 9 6 1 1 4 6 9 1 3 1 6 10 4 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. ROLL HANDS, OTHER: 8-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 2 6 1 5 24 4 54.3 $0,227 $12.48 59.7 .265 15.75 69.0 .167 11.52 15 1 Total 9 33 60.0 .248 14.75 15 1 1913. Eastern.............. 2 8 24 Pittsburgh......... 6 G. L. and M .W . 1 4 52.7 60.3 69.0 .297 15.80 .296 17.87 .183 12.63 59.6 .284 16.83 Total 9 36 1 1 4 5 1 2 16 4 16 6 1 4 15 3 2 7 6 3 2 2 2 13 5 2 9 1 8 2 2 2 9 9 2 2 1 ROLL HANDS, OTHER: 9-INCH. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 1 3 2 2 63.0 $0,127 $8.00 18 52.5 .289 15.07 16 59.7 .238 13.65 2 2 1 Total........ 6 36 56.3 .257 14.05 1913. Eastern............ Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . 1 3 2 2 63.0 18 54.3 16 59.7 .227 14.30 .300 16.17 .254 14.63 4 Total 6 36 .275 15.38 4 57.2 1 3 .... 8 11 .... 2 8 8 ROLL HANDS, OTHER: 10-INCH. 1912. Eastern............. Pittsburgh........ 1 5 4 29 48.8 $0,195 $9.52 68.3 .361 24.54 1 1 2 3 14 4 4 2 2 Total........ 6 33 66.0 .341 22.72 1 1 5 14 4 4 2 2 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... 1 5 4 29 48.8 68.3 .190 9.26 .414 28.25 4 2 18 3 2 1 3 Total........ 6 33 66.0 .387 25.95 4 2 18 3 2 1 3 i Including 3 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 256 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. Table R O LL H A N D S, O T H E R : 12-INCH. Year and dis trict. Aver Num Aver age age Num ber full rate ber of time of em hours of wages plants ploy per per ees. week. hour. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh........ G. L. and M .W . Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 64.5 $0,217 $14.00 62.4 .247 14.90 72.0 .330 23.76 Total. 28 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M .W . Total........ 28 67.5 19.20 64.5 62.0 72.0 .210 13.55 .326 19.16 .316 22.75 67.4 .304 20.15 17 15 ROLL HANDS, OTHER: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh.. 1 2 4 21 72.0 $0,293 $21.10 61.7 .263 15.23 10 4 2 9 Total........ 3 25 63.4 .268 16.17 10 6 9 1 2 4 15 72.0 56.8 .275 19.80 .352 19.26 4 3 19 60.0 .335 19.38 4 .... 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... Total, 4 4 4 7 4 7 ROLL HANDS, OTHER: 16-INCH. 1912. Pittsburgh 1913. Pittsburgh........ 1 6 64.5 Sift. 1 6 64.5 *22. .TO 4 2 4 2 ....... 1........ j 1 i 3 ____ '____ 2 .408 26.36 ROLL HANDS, OTHER: 18-INCH. 1913. Eastern Pittsburgh G. L.andM. W. 3 1 1 5 2 2 57.8 $0.226 $13.02 59.5 .570 33.92 62.8 .257 16.13 Total___ 5 9 59.3 .309 18.35 Eastern............ Pittsburgh. G. L. ana M .W . 3 1 1 6 2 2 57.3 59.5 62.8 .264 15.22 .563 33.50 .365 22.90 2 Total___ 5 10 58.9 .344 20.41 2 1913. 4 1 2 ____ ___ 4 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 -1....... and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 257 W A G E S A N D HOTJBS O F L A B O R — B A R M I L L S . Table I I __ AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. ROLL HANDS, OTHER: ALL SIZES. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Aver age age full rate of time hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week lyearn ings. Year and dis trict. Num Num ber ber of em of plants ploy ees. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L.andM. W .. 6 9 3 24 110 36 59.5 $0,222 $13.41 61.7 .302 18.48 65.7 .267 17.48 2 15 "*2 2 15 12 2 2 29 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 20 and and un un der der 20 25 cts. cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 11 12 7 35 8 25 16 7 5 2 2 2 23 50 41 7 5 2 2 Total 18 170 62.2 .284 17.56 17 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .an dM .W .. 6 9 3 28 104 36 58.3 61.4 65.7 .254 14.88 .352 21.59 .276 18.03 16 . . . . 4 6 6 12 8 5 7 15 7 37 24 15 12 1 3 Total....... 18 168 61.8 .320 19.71 16 4 24 13 22 68 15 12 1 3 HOTBED MEN. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L.andM. W .. 8 10 8 109 236 110 58.4 $0,180 $10.49 8 61.5 .200 12.16 2 39 64.7 .186 12.06 29 9 4 33 36 69 12 50 11 17 62 20 9 23 2 1 17 4 Total....... 26 455 61.5 .192 11.73 247 42 138 73 99 34 22 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L.andM. W .. 8 10 8 121 244 102 58.7 61.6 61.7 2 .203 11.95 .235 14.37 3 19 .209 12.96 4 17 16 5 6 59 29 23 103 50 36 11 44 6 23 4 10 Total 26 467 60.9 .221 13.43 3 21 21 27 132 168 61 27 10 , SHEARMEN. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W .. 8 9 7 39 71 46 58.5 $0,207 $11.73 62.3 .285 17.42 65.7 .238 15.39 2 5 12 2 2 8 6 26 6 24 5 2 19 3 1 12 10 2 4 1 4 2 5 16 40 35 24 23 6 5 Total........ 24 156 62.4 .251 15.40 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L .an dM .W .. 8 9 7 46 71 42 58.2 62.2 65.8 .230 13.14 .334 20.43 .270 17.47 8 2 11 2 17 9 29 6 24 3 1 18 2 3 9 7 4 3 1 Total 24 159 62.0 .287 17.54 10 13 55 33 21 19 4 4 i Including 3 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 3 employees earning 8 and under 9 cents, 5 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 17 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 8 Including 3 employees earning 7 and under 8 cents, 3 employees earning 8 and under 9 cents, 2 em ployees earning 9 and under 10 cents, and 5 employees earning IQ and under 12 cents per hour, 83021°—Bull, 166— ------17 258 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Concluded. T a b le SHEARMEN'S HELPERS. Aver Num Aver- Aver age age full Num ber SB . rate time Year and dis ber of time of em of trict. wages week plants ploy hours ly per per earn ees. week. hour. ings. Number of employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 1912. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh........ G. L. and M. W .. 6 9 7 55 192 90 63.0 $0.150 $9.38 i 20 61.7 .196 12.03 2 12 67.1 .177 11.73 1C 14 12 57 74 7 14 2 74 6 19 8 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. r jL Total........ 22 337 63.4 .183 11.52 3 32 30 143 23 80 27 2 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W .. 6 9 7 49 191 76 61.4 61.4 67.2 .166 10.14 .231 14.04 .203 13.46 8 <6 20 r4 7 4 10 8 30 50 4 99 10 2 18 2 30 4 2 Total. 22 316 62.8 .214 13.30 <14 22 21 88 113 22 34 2 — — BUNDLERS. 1912. Pittsburgh......... 7 129 61.6 $0.194jsil.96 2 101 1913. Pittsburgh......... 7 136 61.4 2 .228 14.05 1 24 2 120 12 2 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. and M. W .. 5 9 7 140 283 113 58.9 $0.145 $8.49 67.1 .163 10.91 67.1 .170 11.37 53 24 47 40 12 247 1 98 14 Total 21 536 65.0 .160 10.38 77 60 385 14 5 9 7 186 395 124 58.7 66.0 67.2 .160 9.37 .182 12.03 .194 13.04 8 40 12 116 22 210 127 17 88 46 19 21 705 64.3 .178 11.51 8j 52 343 237 65 1913. Eastern.............. Pittsburgh......... G. L. andM. W .. Total 1 Including 5 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 2 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents and 6 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. a Including 2 employees earning 9 and under 10 cents and 11 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. « Including 2 employees earning 6 and under 7 cents and 2 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 259 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. III.— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913— BAR MILLS. T a b le [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Occupation, and number of plants. Stockers: 8plai Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over of time Over Over Year. em 48 56 48 60 72 and and and ploy hours 60 and 72 84 and per un under ees. week. under under der. under 60 56 72 84 1907 1908 1909 1910 93 90 88 87 64.4 64.1 64.2 64.3 13 plants............ 1910 1911 170 164 59.0 59.6 27 27 42 28 15 plants............. 1911 1912 211 217 60.9 60.9 27 27 17 plants............. 1912 1913 215 226 60.9 60.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 121 112 112 142 25 plants............. 1910 1911 26 plants............. 26 plants............. 8 8 8 7 65 59 69 69 8 13 3 3 13 7 20 86 70 8 6 28 32 13 4 44 59 72 67 27 28 27 34 69 8 4 45 44 73 102 28 7 63.9 63.9 64.0 64.2 3 3 3 3 6 14 14 16 10 6 6 4 3 2 2 85 68 78 103 12 17 5 10 2 4 2 2 2 2 217 180 62.9 62.6 18 18 25 26 4 6 16 2 126 107 22 17 4 2 2 2 1911 1912 184 199 62.7 62.4 18 18 26 12 6 31 2 2 111 114 17 18 2 2 2 2 1912 1913 196 211 61.8 61.7 18 3 28 45 30 34 2 3 98 112 16 9 2 3 2 2 1907 1908 1909 1910 167 65.3 153 65.1 151 65.0 166 65.2 3 3 3 3 8 16 16 16 12 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 108 86 112 124 26 32 2 3 6 4 6 4 4 24 plants............. 1910 1911 295 281 62.6 62.5 48 48 23 26 8 12 23 7 154 150 31 30 4 4 8 ......... 25 plants............. 1911 1912 293 319 62.7 62.2 48 45 26 29 12 44 7 6 162 161 30 30 8 4 24 plants__ ____ 1912 1913 318 324 61.9 62.0 45 3 21 63 72 76 6 5 150 163 20 10 4 2 1907 1908 1909 1910 104 102 107 110 65.5 65.6 65.9 66.3 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 71 67 80 86 16 20 8 10 2 18 plants............. 1910 1911 179 177 65.3 65.1 12 12 10 11 4 10 12 5 106 106 35 33 19 plants............. 1911 1912 185 182 64.8 65.0 12 9 15 17 10 6 5 6 110 111 33 33 19 plants............. 1912 1913 181 185 64.3 63.7 12 13 26 26 26 6 7 88 110 36 16 1907 1908 1909 1910 86 82 83 89 64.4 63.9 64.0 64.0 8 16 16 16 8 4 4 4 52 43 58 62 16 19 3 3 2 4 19 plants............. 1910 1911 132 123 65.1 64.9 20 23 4 5 75 68 25 25 4 2 20 plants............. 1911 1912 127 64.7 130 64.3 25 27 5 6 70 70 25 25 2 2 20 plants.. . . . . . . 1912 1913 121 124 24 24 20 19 54 68 21 9 2 2 Heaters: 15 plants............ Heaters’ helpers: 14 plants............. Chargers and helpers: 12 plants............. Drag downs: 11 plants............. 63.8 63.1 8 10 8 8 4 2 4 5 2 2 260 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Roll engineers: 13 plants.................................. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Average ber full Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 72 48 60 hours and and and 72 and 84 60 and ploy- per un under under under under 60 week. der. 84 56 72 31 28 30 32 5 10 6 4 18 16 18 19 4 2 2 3 4 3 3 1 40 54 51 26 13 12 23 23 27 7 2 2 4 6 1 2 49 39 12 9 25 39 2 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 6 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 12 9 9 9 1 1 1 3 2 2 1 7 7 8 10 2 2 1 1 1907 1908 1909 1910 72.3 71.4 71.5 71.7 22 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 72.0 70.4 70.0 20 plants.................................. 1912 1913 70.1 70.5 62.5 62.6 62.5 62.7 3 3 3 4 6 7 7 13 Rollers. 8-inch: 7 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 11 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Rollers. 9-inch: 6 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 59.0 58.0 58.0 58.1 6 6 6 2 66.7 67.7 67.1 67.0 1910 1911 1912 63.2 63.5 63.1 3 3 3 1 1 1 5 4 5 12 11 11 3 3 3 10 plants.................................. 1912 1913 Rollers, 10-inch: 5 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 63.0 62.8 3 1 4 5 6 10 10 3 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 5 7 2 2 3 1 2 2 2 9 6 6 3 5 5 2 2 6 6 3 3 2 6 6 8 9 7 7 5 5 1 12 12 12 7 7 7 1 3 11 11 9 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 4 3 1 1 1 4 4 4 11 plants.................................. 67.3 67.3 67.0 67.0 2 2 2 2 7 plants............................... . 1910 1911 1912 65.0 63.6 63.6 4 5 5 7 plants................................... 1912 1913 62.1 61.9 5 5 1907 1908 1909 1910 68.1 69.9 69.8 68.5 Rollers, 12-inch: 7 plants................................... 1 13 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 64.4 64.9 64.3 3 3 3 12 plants.................................. 1912 1913 Rollers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15inch: 3 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 64.7 64.4 3 1 60.6 60.6 60.6 3 3 3 1912 1913 63.1 62.7 3 1907 1908 1909 1910 63.3 63.3 63.3 4 plants.................................. Rollers, 16-inch: 4 ' 2.3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 61 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. III*—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Rollers, 16-inch—Concluded. 5 plants........................... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over of time 48 Over 56 Over Year. em 48 60 72 and and and 60 ploy hours and 72 and 84 per un under under ees. week. under der. 60 56 72 84 1910 1911 11 8 6 plants............................ 1911 1912 12 62.8 12 62.4 5 plants............................ 1912 1913 11 11 1907 1908 1909 1910 5 plants. 7 plants....... 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 61.7 61.5 2 2 2 2 1 1 3 4 4 4 61.0 58.3 58.3 58.3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 60.8 60.3 . 59.1 , 2 2 4 1 2 1 1 1912 1913 12 13 58.7 58.8 . 5 4 2 3 1 2 1907 1908 1909 1910 65 63 63 67 65.5 65.7 . 65.5 , 65.2 . 3 5 5 6 8 7 7 6 11 8 8 7 12 12 10 7 22 plants. 1910 1911 124 116 62.4 62.0 15 15 15 16 5 8 16 10 15 18 23 plants. 1911 1912 120 62.0 124 61.7 15 15 18 21 8 7 10 13 18 18 24 plants........ 1912 1913 128 61.6 130 61.5 15 3 22 35 11 10 12 17 20 17 Rollers, 18-inch: Rollers, all sizes: 13 plants___ Roughers, 8-inch: 7 plants......... 62.6 63.9 1907 1908 1909 1910 44 44 44 41 61.2 61.2 61.0 , 61.2 . 15 15 15 15 8 8 8 5 1910 1911 1912 1913 84 81 79 79 24 57.5 24 56.0 24 56.0 56.4 . 19 25 23 47 8 11 11 17 1907 1908 1909 1910 58 56.3 54 60.4 54 56.5 58 56.9 22 12 21 22 8 8 8 8 12 plants. 1910 1911 1912 88 83 84 58.2 57.4 57.2 28 27 27 10 17 20 11 plants......... 1912 1913 82 83 57.0 56.6 27 22 17 23 1907 1908 1909 1910 33 37 37 38 64.4 65.2 65.0 64.8 3 3 3 3 7 plants. 1910 1911 1912 51 64.8 51 63.3 51 63.3 3 3 3 8 12 12 7 plants. 1912 1913 53 53 3 3 8 8 11 plants. Roughers, 9-inch: 7 plants........... Roughers, 10-inch: 5 plants........... 61.7 61.5 6 6 4 4 4 10 10 9 9 6 6 9 3 8 8 8 9 14 18 6 6 6 16 16 3 3 ......... 262 B U L L E T IN OP T H E B U B E A U O P L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Roughers, 12-inch: 8 plants........... . Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Average ber full Over 56 of Over Over Year. emtime 48 48 60 72 and and and and ploy- hours 60 72 84 and per un under under under under week. der. 72 56 84 1907 1908 1909 1910 64.5 64.1 67.7 67.5 9 6 6 6 14 plants................................... 1910 1911 1912 64.6 65.3 64.4 6 6 6 16 10 16 13 plants................................... 1912 1913 Roughers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15- 64.4 63.8 6 15 24 1p lan t..................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 61.5 61.2 61.4 61.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 63.0 63.1 63.4 62.2 63.4 6 plants.......... 1911 1912 62.3 61.8 5 plants.......... 1912 1913 61.0 61.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 62.0 60.5 60.5 60.5 2 2 2 5 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 23 59.4 19 60.3 22 58.9 8 4 10 9 12 12 7 plants.. 1912 1913 31 33 5a 9 58.6 11 13 12 12 1907 1908 1909 1910 252 242 243 257 61.5 62.5 62.4 62.3 23 31 31 31 111 97 138 145 25 plants__ 1910 1911 425 395 61.0 60.6 61 68 197 180 26 plants__ 1911 1912 403 408 60.5 60.2 72 85 184 183 26 plants— 1912 1913 405 59.9 407 59.8 78 131 161 173 5 plants.. Roughers, 16-inch: 5 plants........... Roughers, 18-inch: 2 plants.......... Roughers, all 15 plants. Catchers, 8-inch: 3 plants...... 6 plants....... 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 18 17 1910 1911 1912 1913 26 54.3 27 54.1 25 54.1 54.3 56.6 56.6 56.6 56.4 12 8 8 8 16 263 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OP L A B O R — B A R M I L L S . I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T a b le NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Catchers, 9-inch: 2 plants.................................... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver-, age ber full Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 48 60 72 and and and and ploy hours 72 and 84 60 per un under under ees. week. under under der. 60 56 72 84 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 12 12 12 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 1910 1911 1912 17 17 15 56.5 56.8 55.7 3 3 3 8 8 8 3 pUmts. trr. . , . , , ___________ 1912 1913 Catchers, 10-inch: 1 plant...................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 13 54.3 54.9 3 8 11 10 10 10 10 72.0 72.0 71.5 71.5 4 plants.................................... 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 2 4 6 4 2 2 10 10 10 10 3 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 16 66.8 16 65.9 16 65.9 4 4 4 10 10 10 2 plants.................................... 1912 1913 18 18 66.4 66.4 4 4 14 14 1907 1908 1909 1910 16 17 17 18 65.6 64.1 63.9 63.7 4 * 4 4 10 plants................................... 1910 1911 1912 28 27 29 62.5 62.1 61.7 3 3 3 4 5 7 1 9 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Catchers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 3 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Catchers, 16-inch: 4 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 25 25 61.1 61.0 3 6 9 2 2 7 61.7 7 61.7 7 61.7 7 61.1 3 3 3 10 9 9 12 9 9 64.5 65.0 65.0 64.6 65.0 64.5 3 plants. . . . . ......................... 1912 1913 Catchers, 18-Inch: 1907 2 plants.................................... 1908 1909 1910 7 8 64.4 64.4 3 4 4 4 61.0 58.3 58.3 58.3 2 2 2 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 58.6 59.0 58.0 4 3 5 1 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Catchers, all sizes: 11 plants.................................. 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 14 57.5 57.3 7 8 2 2 69 70 70 73 62.5 62.0 61.9 62.0 16 22 22 22 13 10 10 9 1 25 24 38 42 20 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 115 111 110 60.2 59.9 59.7 30 30 32 10 13 11 6 46 45 44 Catchers, 12-inch: 5 plants.................................... 5 plants................................... 2 2 3 10 9 13 14 4 4 17 16 17 2 2 2 12 14 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 2 9 9 9 12 9 9 7 8 15 15 15 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 14 14 8 i 8 8 ....... *1......... 264 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of Catchers, all sizes—Concluded. 20 plants............................. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of Over Over Year. em 56 time 48 Over 48 and 60 72 and and ploy hours and 60 72 84 and per un under under under ees. week. under der. 60 56 72 84 33 51 15 13 39 44 6 2 6 6 6 6 20 20 20 18 22 22 30 30 8 8 6 6 6 8 12 14 19 25 21 42 30 32 60.6 60.7 6 8 16 27 24 26 26 41 39 39 39 56.2 56.4 56.3 56.3 18 18 18 18 1910 1911 1912 64 62 61 59.1 58.6 58.0 18 18 18 3 9 12 1912 1913 57 57 57.6 56.9 18 18 9 9 1907 1908 1909 1910 43 43 43 43 55.1 55.1 55.0 55.0 21 21 21 21 7 plants. 1910 1911 1912 57 57 57 57.7 56.7 56.7 21 21 21 4 8 8 7 plants. 1912 1913 55 55 55.2 55.1 21 21 4 4 59.4 59.4 1912 1913 108 110 1907 1908 1909 1910 56 56 56 54 62.6 , 62.8 62.7 62.8 11 plants. 1910 1911 1912 75 73 73 61.6 60.4 60.4 11 plants. 1912 1913 67 66 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 plants. 9 plants. Stranders, 8-inch: 7 plants......... . Stranders, 9-inch: 6 plants.......... Stranders, 10-inch: 5 plants........... Stranders, 12-inch: 3 plants........... 9 plants. . 1907 1908 1909 1910 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stranders, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant................................... .. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 Stranders, 16-inch: 1907 1 plant.............. 1908 1909 1910 1911 15 2 2 2 25 27 23 8 8 8 6 6 16 22 8 2 4 4 4 4 8 8 18 18 10 10 26 22 22 6 6 6 10 12 12 18 18 13 69.0 14 70.4 14 70.4 16 69.1 48 40 43 49 64.4 65.3 64.7 62.4 20 20 20 26 20 22 11 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 2 2 2 2 2 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 3 3 3 10 7 6 15 1 6 6 2 5 4 4 6 8 10 10 10 13 9 8 18 20 20 20 10 20 20 20 26 20 22 11 2 2 2 2 2 2 plants. , 1911 1912 10 10 57.0 57.0 8 8 1 plant.. 1912 1913 8 8 55.0 55.0 8 8 23 19 19 19 2 2 265 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Stranders, all sizes: Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over Over of Year. em 48 Over 56 time 48 and 60 72 and and ploy hours 60 and 72 84 and per under un imder under ees. week. der. under 60 56 84 72 1907 1908 1909 1910 175 174 174 180 59.5 59.7 59.7 59.7 39 39 39 39 6 6 6 6 24 24 24 22 20 20 20 26 60 55 73 75 26 30 12 12 21 plants............... ............... 1910 1911 272 254 60.6 59.9 48 48 25 36 19 26 38 20 108 90 34 34 22 plants . . . . . . . 1911 1912 262 266 59.8 59.6 48 48 44 48 26 27 20 22 90 87 34 34 1912 1913 252 246 59.2 58.7 48 39 35 52 51 48 22 11 68 84 28 12 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 5 6 9 10 3 3 ________ 20 plants...... . Finishers, 8-inch: 1907 1908 1909 1910 14 64.5 14 64.8 14 64.7 13 65.1 ...................... 1910 1911 1912 24 25 25 60.6 59.6 59.6 6 6 6 2 3 4 2 5 3 1 1 14 10 11 1912 10 plants.............................. 1913 Finishers, 9-inch: 5 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 31 31 59.3 59.4 6 2 10 13 11 1 1 9 9 15 14 14 14 66.8 67.9 67.8 67.8 2 1 1 11 11 12 13 2 2 1 1 9 plants.................. .................. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Finishers, 10-inch: 4 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 24 23 24 24 64.3 63.8 63.4 63.2 2. 1 1 1 15 13 13 14 3 3 3 1 10 10 10 10 68.0 68.0 67.7 67.7 2 2 7 s 6 6 1 1910 1911 1912 12 12 12 69.3 68.4 68.4 10 8 8 2 3 3 5 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Finishers, 12-inch: 4 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 12 66.3 66.0 7 7 1 1 12 11 11 12 69.3 70.5 70.4 69.5 5 5 7 9 6 6 4 2 12 8 4 6 8 7 9 6 6 4 4 8 8 8 4 9 plants. . . . . 5 plants...... ............................. 8 plants.................................... 1910 1911 10 plants................................... 1911 1912 1913 Finishers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant...................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 4 plants ................................... 1910 1911 1912 1913 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 4 4 1 1 20 65.8 19 65.2 3 3 22 24 24 63.7 63.0 62.8 3 3 4 4 4 4 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 15 64.0 15 64.0 15 64.0 13 63.4 1 3 4 6 1 1 4 5 8 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 2 266 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I . — AVEBAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOUBS PEB WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEABS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver ber age of full Over Oyer 48 Over 56 Year. em time 60 48 72 and ploy hours and and 72 60 84 and and ees. per un under under under under der. week. 60 56 84 72 Finishers, 16-inch: 2 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 8 8 8 9 3 plants.................................... 1910 1911 11 11 62.5 63.5 4 plants.................................... 1911 1912 1913 Finishers, 18-Inch: 1 plant..................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 19 20 18 61.1 61.1 61.1 2 2 2 2 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 3 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 5 5 6 61.9 60.7 58.9 5 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Finishers, all sizes: 10 plants.................................. 1907 1908 1909 1910 11 12 58.6 58.7 65 63 63 64 65.9 66.4 66.2 66.1 17 plants................................. 1910 1911 111 110 64.0 63.4 19 plants................................. 1911 1912 121 62.8 126 62.5 21 plants................................. 1912 1913 137 134 62.0 61.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 49 37 37 37 64.8 69.1 68.9 69.9 1910 1911 1912 1913 69 62.8 53 63.4 56 62.5 58 61.5 1 plant.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 8 60.0 14 60.0 8 60.0 12 60.0 5 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 1913 50 64.2 45 64.2 51 63.8 43 63.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 26 23 27 35 25 6 plants.. 1911 1912 35 62.4 36 61.5 5 plants.. 1912 1913 32 34 Hook ups, 12-inch: 6 plants................................... 13 plants................................. 62.8 , 62.8 . 62.8 62.2 Hook ups, 13-inch, 14-inch, and Hook ups, 16-inch: 5 plants............. 63.9 64.4 64.7 64.1 64.4 61.1 61.5 15 267 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Hook ups, 18-inch: 2 plants........... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 72 60 48 and and and 60 and 84 and 72 ploy hours per un under under ees. week. under under 60 der. 84 72 56 /BE 1 1907 1908 1909 1910 9 62.2 10 61.0 10 61.0 9 60.8 5 plants........... 1910 1911 1912 20 21 24 60.4 60.5 59.2 4 4 10 3 7 plants........... 1912 1913 38 40 59.0 58.8 12 14 12 12 1907 1908 1909 1910 92 63.9 84 65.3 82 65.7 93 65.6 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 8 14 8 12 48 35 47 59 24 28 20 18 Hook ups, all sizes: 12 plants.......... 8 8 8 7 2 2 2 9 3 3 6 10 14 14 14 14 20 plants..................... 1910 1911 174 144 63.2 63.4 27 21 8 8 2 7 20 9 74 63 43 36 21 plants..................... 1911 1912 154 63.0 167 62.2 21 21 14 25 7 4 9 14 67 68 36 35 22 plants..................... 1912 1913 177 175 61.9 61.4 21 3 27 51 16 16 14 7 64 75 35 23 1907 1908 1909 1910 20 20 20 20 65.1 65.3 65.1 65.1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 11 11 15 14 4 4 1910 1911 1912 1913 33 33 33 36 60.6 60.0 60.0 59.6 6 6 6 3 3 4 16 7 9 7 4 1 1 1 1 16 14 15 15 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 59.7 18 60.4 18 60.3 18 60.3 6 6 6 6 1910 1911 1912 1913 35 35 36 36 56.5 56.1 56.3 57.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 29 29 29 70.4 70.4 70.0 70.0 7 plants....................... 1910 1911 1912 39 67.8 39 66.8 39 66.8 4 6 6 6 plants....................... 1912 1913 33 33 66.0 66.0 5 5 1907 1908 1909 1910 24 21 21 22 70.1 70.4 70.3 69.9 1910 1911 1912 33 67.0 32 67.7 33 67.5 3 3 3 1912 1913 28 67.5 28 67.4 3 Roll hands, other, 8-inch: 5 plants....................... 9 plants....................... Roll hands, other, 9-inch: 3 plants....................... 6 plants........... ........... Roll hands, other, 10-inch: 4 plants....................... Roll hands, other, 12-inch: 4 plants...................... 7 plants.. 18 18 18 6 12 12 12 12 2 2 13 2 15 15 16 15 2 2 2 1 5 5 27 28 22 22 1 2 2 32 29 29 2 2 2 2 2 24 24 2 2 2 6 5 7 8 18 16 14 14 2 1 1 11 10 11 17 18 18 3 9 11 16 14 268 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T able NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Roll hands, other, 13-inch, 14inch, and 15-inch: 3 plants.................................. Employees whose full-time houi Num Aver age ber full Over of time Year. em 48 Over 56 48 and 60 and and 60 and 72 ploy hours per un under under under ees. week. der. 60 56 72 1910 1911 1912 1913 29 62.1 28 61.7 25 63.4 19 60.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 3 64.5 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 2 1912 1913 6 6 64.5 64.5 1 1 5 5 1907 1908 1909 1910 2 2 2 2 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 4 plants.. 1910 1911 1912 7 59.9 6 60.8 7 59.2 2 1 3 1 5 plants................ 1912 1913 9 59.3 10 58.9 3 4 2 2 1907 1908 1909 1910 97 94 94 95 Roll hands, other, 16-inch: 2 plants.......................... 1 plant. Roll hands, other, 18-inch: 1 plant......................... Roll hands, other, all s 9 plants................ 12 12 9 9 6 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 66.8 67.0 66.8 66.7 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 39 38 66 67 . 1910 1911 1912 180 62.8 177 62.5 176 62.7 39 39 36 11 13 16 7 10 7 7 4 4 80 75 77 36 36 1912 1913 170 62.2 168 61.8 36 6 14 50 11 10 4 4 73 80 32 18 . 1907 1908 1909 1910 302 63.3 299 63.2 286 63.3 302 63.3 12 12 12 15 8 12 12 12 54 52 52 45 42 57 42 47 130 104 154 163 56 62 14 20 25 plants.. . 1910 1911 500 62.9 434 62.0 57 54 32 39 48 63 71 29 216 207 59 42 26 plants.. . 1911 1912 450 61.9 461 61.7 54 54 45 61 63 60 29 25 217 209 42 52 26 plants.. 1912 1913 455 467 61.5 60.9 54 12 82 75 25 13 194 233 46 24 1907 1908 1909 1910 94 92 93 97 64.8 65.1 65.3 65.0 54 110 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 7 15 17 17 18 48 42 55 60 17 19 3 6 18 plants... 18 plants.. Hotbed men: 15 plants.. Shearmen: 15 plants.. 25 plants.. . 1910 1911 1912 156 63.3 151 62.5 154 62.4 15 15 15 18 16 18 7 18 19 22 18 19 72 68 63 16 16 18 24 plants........... . 1912 1913 156 62.4 159 62.0 15 19 40 19 17 16 13 67 83 18 4 1907 1908 1909 1910 201 65.9 172 66.2 185 67.3 215 65.3 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 3 21 22 26 39 125 101 110 140 41 29 8 25 Shearmen’s helpers: 15 plants............ Over 72 and under 84 17 84 2 69 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R -----B A R M I L L S . I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Shearmen's helpers—Concluded. 23 plants, T,. *r. T ____ Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over of time 48 Over 56 Over Year. em 48 60 72 and and and ploy hours 60 and 72 and 84 per un under ees. week. der. under 60 under under 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 355 64.7 359 63.8 358 63.9 45 48 48 8 8 12 3 20 20 43 37 35 158 181 166 77 65 65 21 _ 1912 1913 337 63.4 316 62.8 51 14 69 20 17 34 22 158 194 48 4 12 10 1907 1908 1909 1910 41 66.9 41 66.9 41 66.8 41 67.1 31 31 41 41 10 10 1910 1911 77 66.1 81 63.5 36 77 45 7 plants.,. r________________ 1911 1912 131 62.0 132 62.0 86 86 45 46 7 plants.. . T________________ 1912 1913 129 61.6 136 61.4 90 97 1 1 38 38 1907 1908 1909 1910 296 227 324 424 1 2 2 9 51 94 76 119 140 108 137 113 74 24 18 88 *‘ *i3* 176 22 plants________________ Bundlers: 5 plants_____________________ plants. T, ___ _____ ___________ Laborers: 10 plants........... 68.3 64.8 67.8 67.2 12 6 5 8 7 15 plants................................... 1910 1911 511 67.8 355 66.0 31 9 3 149 70 128 175 183 70 24 4 118 2 17 plants................................... 1911 1912 390 65.5 424 65.9 31 18 3 41 104 69 175 204 71 84 4 5 2 3 35 43 87 115 79 164 229 310 98 25 5 44 3 4 8.6 8.9 9.1 8.0 69.9 65.6 78.4 79.3 8.6 14.4 3.4 3.4 4.3 21 plants............. ................... 1912 * 536 1913 705 65.0 64.3 PER CENT. Stockers: 8 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 93 90 88 87 64.4 64.1 64.2 64.3 1910 1911 170 164 59.0 59.6 15.9 16.5 24.7 17.1 7.9 4.1 12.2 50.6 42.7 15 plants................................. 1911 1912 211 217 60.9 60.9 12.8 12.4 13.3 14.7 6.2 1.8 20.9 27.2 34.1 30.9 12.8 12.9 1912 1913 215 60.9 226 60.6 12.6 15.8 30.5 3.7 1.8 20.9 19.5 34.0 45.1 13.0 3.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 121 112 112 142 63.9 63.9 64.0 64.2 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.1 5.0 12.5 12.5 11.3 8.3 5.4 5.4 2.8 2.5 1.8 1.8 70.2 60.7 69.6 72.5 9.9 15.2 4.5 " i ’.8 2.8 7.0 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.4 25 plants.................................. 1910 1911 217 62.9 180 62.6 8.3 10.0 11.5 14.4 1.8 3.3 7.4 1.1 58.1 59.4 10.1 9.4 1.8 1.1 .9 1.1 26 plants.................................. 1911 1912 184 62.7 199 62.4 9.8 9.0 14.1 6.0 3.3 15.6 1.1 1.0 60.3 57.3 9.2 9.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1912 1913 196 61.8 211 61.7 9.2 1.4 14.3 21.3 15.3 16.1 1.0 1.4 50.0 53.1 8.2 4.3 1.0 1.4 1.0 .9 13 plants.................................. 17 plants.................................. Heaters: 15 plants.................................. 26 plants.................................. 8.6' 11.1 9.1 9.2 4.7 3.7 .......... 1Including 4 employees whose full-time hours per week were 84f and 2 employees whose full-time hours per week were 9l» 270 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. Table PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Heaters’ helpers: 14 plants............. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over of Over Year. em 56 48 Over time 60 48 72 and and and and 72 60 84 ploy hours and per un under under under ees. week. under der. 60 56 72 84 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 4.8 10.5 10.6 9.6 7.2 5.2 5.3 4.8 2.4 2.6 2.6 2.4 64.7 56.2 74.2 74.7 15.6 20.9 1.3 1.8 3.6 2.6 ......... 4.0 2.4 2.4 62.6 62.5 16.3 17.1 7.8 9.3 2.7 4.3 7.8 2.5 52.2 53.4 10.5 10.7 1.4 1.4 2.8 ......... 293 319 62.7 62.2 16.4 14.1 8.9 9.1 4.1 13.8 2.4 1.9 55.3 50.5 10.2 9.4 2.7 1.3 ......... 1912 1913 318 324 61.9 62.0 14.2 .9 6.6 19.4 22.6 23.5 1.9 1.5 47.2 50.3 6.3 3.1 1.3 .6 1907 1908 1909 1910 104 102 107 110 65.5 65.6 65.9 66.3 5.8 5.9 5.6 5.5 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 4.8 4.9 3.7 3.6 68.3 65.7 74.8 78.2 15.4 19.6 7.5 9.1 1.9 18 plants............. 1910 1911 179 177 65.3 65.1 6.7 6.8 5.6 6.2 2.2 5.6 6.7 2.8 59.2 59.9 19.6 18.6 ......... ......... 19 plants............. 1911 1912 185 182 64.8 65.0 6.5 4.9 8.1 9.3 5.4 3.3 2.7 3.3 59.5 61.0 17.8 18.1 19 plants............. 1912 1913 181 185 64.3 63.7 6.6 7.2 14.1 14.4 14.1 3.3 3.8 48.6 59.5 19.9 8.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 86 82 83 89 64.4 63.9 64.0 64.0 9.3 19.5 19.3 18.0 9.3 4.9 4.8 4.5 60.5 52.4 69.9 69.7 18.6 23.2 3.6 3.4 2.3 19 plants............. 1910 1911 132 123 65.1 64.9 15.2 18.7 3.0 4.1 56.8 55.3 18.9 20.3 3.0 1.6 20 plants............. 1911 1912 127 130 64.7 64.3 19.7 20.8 3.9 4.6 55.1 53.8 19.7 19.2 1.6 1.5 20 plants............. 1912 1913 121 63.8 19.8 124 63.1 ......... 19.4 16.5 15.3 44.6 54.8 17.4 7.3 1.7 1.6 ......... 53.4 50.0 53.6 55.2 8.6 17.9 10.7 6.9 31.0 28.6 32.1 32.8 6.9 3.6 3.6 5.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 167 65.3 153 65.1 151 65.0 186 65.2 24 plants............. 1910 1911 295 281 25 plants............. 1911 1912 24 plants............. Chargers and helpers: 12 plants............. Drag downs: 11 plants............. Roll engineers: 13 plants............. 22 plants............. 20 p lan ts........... Rollers, 8-inch: 7 plants............... 11 plants............. Rollers, 9-inch: 6 plants............. 3.0 1.6 .6 4.7 ......... 2.4 4.5 1907 1908 1909 1910 58 56 56 58 72.3 71.4 71.5 71.7 1910 1911 1912 99 95 97 72.0 70.4 70.0 4.1 ......... 3.0 3.2 1.0 40.4 56.8 52.6 26.3 13.7 12.4 23.2 24.2 27.8 7.1 2.1 2.1 1912 1913 93 97 70.1 70.5 ......... 4.3 6.2 . . . . . . 1.1 2.1 52.7 40.2 12.9 9.3 26.9 40.2 2.2 2.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 16 62.5 16 62.6 16 62.5 15 62.7 18.8 18.8 18.8 6.7 12.5 12.5 12.5 13.3 37.5 37.5 43.8 53.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 1910 1911 1912 1913 28 29 29 29 21.4 7.1 24.1 13.8 24.1 13.8 44. & 6.9 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.9 42.9 31.0 31.0 31.0 ......... 3.4 3.4 3.4 ......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 66.7 11 67.7 11 67.1 12 67.0 25.0 18.2 18.2 8.3 58.3 63.6 72.7 83.3 59.0 58.0 58.0 58.1 18.8 18.8 18.8 26.7 21.4 20.7 20.7 6.9 16.7 18.2 9.1 8.3 271 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — B A R M I L L S . I I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Rollers, 9-inch—Concluded. 11 plants.................................. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full of time Over Over Year em 48 Over 56 48 60 72 and and and ploy hours 60 and and 84 72 per un under.under ees. week. under under der. 60 72 56 84 1910 1911 1912 24 22 23 63.2 63.5 63.1 12.5 13.6 13.0 4.2 4.5 4.3 20.8 18.2 21.7 50.0 50.0 47.8 12.5 13.6 13.0 1912 1913 22 22 63.0 62.8 13.6 4.5 18.2 22.7 27.3 45.5 45.5 13.6 9.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 12 12 12 67.3 67.3 67.0 67.0 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 33.3 33.3 41.7 58.3 16.7 16.7 25.0 8.3 1910 1911 1912 18 18 18 65.0 63.6 63.6 22.2 27.8 27.8 11.1 11.1 11.1 50.0 33.3 33.3 16.7 27.8 27.8 1912 7 plants........................ 1913 Rollers. 12-inch: 7 plants. . . . . . . r___ T- t - r- ........ 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 62.1 61.9 27.8 27.8 11.1 11.1 33.3 33.3 16.7 16.7 13.3 40.0 46.2 61.5 60.0 46.7 53.8 38.5 33.3 3.8 44.4 50.0 46.2 25.9 29.2 26.9 ......... ......... 3.7 10.7 40.7 39.3 33.3 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.6 28.6 11.1 22.2 22.2 44.4 33.3 10 plants.................................. Rollers. 10-inch: 5 plants.................................... 7 plants.. ... T, _____T____ 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 11.1 11.1 15 68.1 13 69.9 13 69.8 15 68.5 6.7 13 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 27 24 26 64.4 64.9 64.3 11.1 12.5 11.5 7.4 4.2 7.7 4.2 3.8 12 plants............................... — 1912 1913 27 28 64.7 64.4 11.1 3.6 7.4 14.3 3.7 3.6 1910 1911 1912 7 7 7 60.6 60.6 60.6 42.9 42.9 42.9 4 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Rollers, 16-inch: 4 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 9 9 63.1 62.7 33.3 7 7 7 9 63.3 63.3 63.3 62.3 28.6 28.6 28.6 33.3 14.3 14.3 14.3 11.1 57.1 57.1 57.1 55.6 5 plants.................................... 1910 1911 11 8 62.6 63.9 27.3 25.0 18.2 12.5 54.5 62.5 6 plants.................................... 1911 1912 12 12 62.8 62.4 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7 8.3 16.7 58.3 50.0 5 plants.................................... 1912 1913 11 11 61.7 61.5 18.2 18.2 18.2 18.2 9.1 9.1 54.5 54.5 1907 1908 1909 1910 3 4 4 4 61.0 58.3 58.3 58.3 50.0 50.0 50.0 33.3 33.3 25.0 25.0 33.3 25.025.0 50.0 5 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 60.8 60.3 59.1 22.2 25.0 44.4 12.5 22.2 12.5 11.1 55.6 50.0 44.4 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 12 13 58.7 58.8 41.7 30.8 16.7 23.1 8.3 15.4 33.3 30.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 65 65.5 63 65.7 63 65.5 67 65.2 4.6 7.9 7.9 9.0 12.3 11.1 11.1 9.0 16.9 12.7 12.7 10.4 43.1 44.4 52.4 61.2 Rollers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 16inch: 3 plants.................................... Rollers, 18-inch: 2 plants.................................... Rollers, all sizes: 13 plants.................................. 33.3 11.1 18.5 19.0 15.9 10.4 16.7 16.7 4.6 4.8 272 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U B E A U O F L A B O E S T A T IS T IC S . AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able I I I . — PEE CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Rollers, all sizes—Concluded. 22 plants.................................. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over Over of 56 time 48 Over Year. em 60 48 72 and and and 72 60 and ploy hours and 84 per un under under under ees. week. under der. 60 56 72 84 1910 1911 124 116 62.4 62.0 12.1 12.9 12.1 13.8 4.0 6.9 12.9 8.6 46.8 42.2 12.1 15.5 23 plants.................................. 1911 1912 120 124 62.0 61.7 12.5 12.1 15.0 16.9 6.7 5.6 8.3 10.5 42.5 40.3 15.0 14.5 24 plants.................................. 1912 1913 128 61.6 130 61.5 11.7 2.3 17.2 26.9 8.6 7.7 9.4 13.1 37.5 36.9 15.6 13.1 34.1 34.1 34.1 36.6 18.2 18.2 18.2 12.2 34.1 34.1 47.7 51.2 13.6 13.6 9.5 13.6 13.9 21.5 39.3 25.9 26.6 19.0 Roughers, 8-inch: 7 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 44 44 44 41 61.2 61.2 61.0 61.2 1910 1911 1912 1913 84 81 79 79 57.5 56.0 56.0 56.4 28.6 29.6 30.4 22.6 30.9 29.1 59.5 1907 1908 1909 1910 68 54 54 58 56.3 60.4 56.5 56.9 37.9 22.2 38.9 37.9 13.8 14.8 14.8 13,8 12 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 88 83 84 58.2 57.4 57.2 31.8 32.5 32.1 11.4 20.5 23.8 11 plants.................................. 1912 1913 82 57.0 S3 56.6 32.9 26.5 20.7 27.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 33 37 37 38 64.4 65.2 65.0 64.8 9.1 8.1 8.1 7.9 7 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 51 51 51 64.8 63.3 63.3 5.9 5.9 5.9 15.7 23.5 23.5 7 plants.................................. 1912 1913 Roughers, 12-inch: 8 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 53 53 61.7 61.5 5.7 5.7 15.1 15.1 62 64.5 55 64.1 54 67.7 58 67.5 14.5 16.4 11 plants.................................. Roughers, 9-inch: 7 plants.................................... Roughers, 10-inch: 5 plants.................................... 10.9 11.1 10.3 48.3 55.6 38.9 4i.4 7.4 7.4 6.9 34.1 36.1 33.3 11.4 10.8 10.7 7.3 7.2 28.0 34.9 11.0 3.6 24.2 21.6 21.6 23.7 24.2 21.6 70.3 68.4 42.4 48.6 66.7 58.8 58.8 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.4 30.2 30.2 49.1 49.1 4.8 41.9 25.5 70.4 69.0 38.7 47.3 18.5 20.7 50.6 55.6 55.3 20.2 21.0 18.8 51.9 57.1 19.8 11.9 37.5 34.8 36.2 51.2 12.5 13.0 12.8 4.9 14 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 89 81 85 64.6 65.3 64.4 6.7 7.4 7.1 18.0 12.3 18.8 3.7 13 plants.................................. 1912 1913 81 84 64.4 63.8 7.4 18.5 28.6 2.5 2.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 60.0 12 60.0 12 60.0 12 60.0 Roughers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant..................................... 5 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 1913 48 46 47 41 61.5 61.2 61.4 61. a 4.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 25.0 26.1 25.5 29.3 25.0 26.1 25.5 14.6 273 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T able PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Roughers, 16-inch: 5 plants........... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averag<:e ber full Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 60 72 48 and and and and 72 and 84 60 ploy- hours per un under under under under week. der. 72 84 56 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 63.0 63.1 63.4 62.2 63.4 6 plants. 1911 1912 62.3 61.8 5 plants. 1912 1913 Roughers, 18-inch: 2 plants........... 34 1907 1908 1909 1910 22.2 25.0 23.5 33.3 23.5 77.8 75.0 76.5 66.7 76.5 9.5 10.0 19.0 20.0 71.4 70.0 61.0 61.4 12.5 11.8 25.0 23.5 62.5 64.7 62.0 60.5 60.5 60.5 14.3 25.0 25.0 25.0 85.7 75.0 75.0 75.0 5 plants. 1910 1911 1912 23 19 22 59.4 60.3 58.9 34.8 21.1 45.5 15.8 39.1 63.2 54.5 7 plants. 1912 1913 31 33 58.9 58.6 35.5 39.4 25.8 24.2 38.7 36.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 252 242 243 257 61.5 62.5 62.4 62.3 13.5 11.1 9.9 9.7 9.1 12.8 12.8 12.1 25 plants. 1910 1911 425 395 61.0 17.2 18.2 14.4 17.2 26 plants. 1911 1912 403 408 60.5 60.2 17.9 17.6 26 plants. 1912 1913 405 407 59.9 59.8 17.8 6.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 18 18 17 56.6 56.6 56.6 56.4 1910 1911 1912 1913 26 27 25 25 54.3 54.1 54.1 54.3 1907 1908 1909 1910 12 58.0 12 58.0 12 58.0 12 58.0 4 plants. 1910 1911 1912 17 17 15 56.5 56.8 55.7 17.6 17.6 20.0 47.1 47.1 53.3 3 plants.. 1912 1913 13 13 54.3 54.9 23.1 61.5 84.6 1907 1908 1909 1910 10 10 10 10 72.0 72.0 71.5 71.5 3 plants. 1910 1911 1912 16 16 16 65.9 65.9 2 plants........ 1912 1913 18 18 Roughers, all sizes: 15 plants........... Catchers, 8-inch: 3 plants......... 6 plants. Catchers, 9-inch: 2 plants........ Catchers, 10-inch: 1 plant........... 83021° -Bull. 168—15------18 23.1 22.2 24.0 26.1 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.7 44.0 40.1 56.8 56.4 17.5 22.3 5.8 6.2 5.2 7.5 3.0 46.4 45.6 9.4 9.6 17.9 20.8 6.2 4.7 3.0 2.9 45.7 44.9 9.4 9.1 19.3 32.2 12.6 14.0 3.0 1.5 44.4 44.4 44.4 47.1 55.6 55.6 55.6 52.9 38.5 37.0 32.0 64.0 38.5 40.7 44.0 10.9 7.7 3.7 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 11.8 23.5 35.3 26.7 15.4 15.4 100.0 100.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 62.5 62.5 62.5 22.2 22.2 77.8 77.8 100.0 100.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 274 BULLETIN OF THE BUKEAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. T a b l e I I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Catchers^ 12-inch: Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Num age ber full Over of Over time 48 Over 56 Year. em 48 60 72 and and and 60 and and 84 ploy hours 72 under un per ees. week. der. under 60 under under 56 72 84 1907 1908 1909 1910 16 17 17 18 65.6 64.1 63.9 63.7 1910 1911 1912 28 27 29 62.5 62.1 61.7 10.7 11.1 10.3 14.3 18.5 24.1 1912 1913 Catchers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 3 plant's.................................... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Catchers, 16-inch: 4 plants................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 25 25 61.1 61.0 12.0 24.0 36.0 7 7 7 7 61.7 61.7 61.7 61.1 42*9 42.9 42.9 10 9 9 12 9 9 64.5 65.0 65.0 64.6 65.0 64.5 3 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Catchers, 18-inch: 2 plants................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 12.5 62.5 52.9 76.5 77.8 25.0 23.5 3.7 60.7 59.3 58.6 7.1 7.4 6.9 8.0 8.0 48.0 56.0 8.0 23.5 23.5 22.2 7.1 42.9 28.6 10.0 7 64.4 8 64.4 57.1 57.1 57.1 28.6 90.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.3 3 61.0 4 58.3 4 58.3 4 58.3 50.0 50.0 50.0 5 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 9 8 9 58.6 59.0 58.0 44.4 37.5 55.6 12.5 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Catchers, all sizes: 11 plants.................................. 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 14 57.5 57.3 53.8 57.1 15.4 14.3 69 70 70 73 62.5 62.0 61.9 62.0 23.2 31.4 31.4 30.1 18.8 14.3 14.3 12.3 1.4 36.2 34.3 54.3 57.5 20.3 20.0 5.2 40.0 40.5 40.0 7.0 7.2 7.3 66.7 50.0 50.0 50.0 22.2 33.3 50.0 44.4 ......... ......... 30.8 28.6 115 60.2 111 59.9 110 59.7 13.0 13.5 13.6 26.1 27.0 29.1 8.7 11.7 10.0 20 plants.................................. 1912 1913 Stranders, 8-inch: 7 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 108 110 59.4 59.4 13.9 30.6 46.4 13.9 11.8 36.1 40.0 5.6 1.8 56 56 56 54 62.6 62.8 62.7 62.8 10.7 10.7 10.7 11.1 35.7 35.7 35.7 33.3 39.3 39.3 53.6 55.6 14.3 14.3 11 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 75 73 73 61.6 60.4 60.4 8.0 8.2 8.2 10.7 16.4 19.2 25.3 34.2 28.8 56.0 41.1 43.8 11 plants__ *............................ 1912 1913 67 66 60.6 60.7 9.0 11.9 24.2 41 39 39 39 56.2 56.4 56.3 56.3 43.9 46.2 46.2 46.2 40.3 38.8 36.4 ......... 39.4 ......... ......... ......... 56.1 48.7 5.1 48.7 5.1 48.7 5.1 20 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 Stranders, 9-inch: 6 plants................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 ......... ......... 275 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — B A R M I L L S . AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able I I I . — PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Stranders, 9-inch—Concluded. 10 plants............................. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 72 48 60 hours and 72 and and 84 and 60 ploy per and un under under under under ees. week. der. 60 84 56 72 . 1910 1911 1912 64 59. 62 58.6 61 58.0 28.1 29.0 29.5 4.7 14.5 19.7 . 1912 1913 57 57 57.6 56.9 31.6 31.6 15.8 15.8 1907 1908 1909 1910 43 43 43 43 55.1 55.1 55.0 55.0 7 plants. 1910 1911 1912 57 57 57 57.7 56.7 56.7 7 plants. 1912 1913 55 55 55.2 55.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 13 69.0 14 70.4 14 70.4 16 69.1 1910 1911 1912 1913 48 64.4 40 65.3 43 64.7 49 62.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 20 60.0 20 60.0 20 60.0 26 60.0 20 60.0 22 60.0 11 60.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 2 65.0 2 65.0 2 65.0 2 65.0 2 65.0 9 plants. Stranders, 10-inch: 5 plants............. Stranders, 12-inch: 3 plants........... 9 plants. Stranders, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant.......................... Stranders, 16-inch: 1 plant.............. 39.1 43.5 37.7 12.5 12.9 13.1 28.1 38.6 14.0 3.5 48.8 48.8 48.8 ......... 48.8 9.3 18.6 9.3 18.6 9.3 41.9 9.3 ......... 41.9 23.3 23.3 36.8 36.8 36.8 7.0 14.0 14.0 45.6 38.6 38.6 10.5 10.5 10.5 38.2 38.2 7.3 7.3 6.3 7.5 7.0 20.8 17.5 14.0 30.6 10 10 57.0 57.0 80.0 80.0 1 plant. 1912 1913 8 8 55.0 55.0 100.0 100.0 20 plants........ Finishers, 8-inch: 6 plants......... ......... ......... 21.8 32.7 21.8 ......... 32.7 ......... 2.5 14.0 12.2 4.2 38.5 28.6 28.6 37.5 61.5 71.4 71.4 62.5 27.1 22.5 18.6 36.7 41.7 50.0 46.5 20.4 ......... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1911 1912 21 plants. 10.5 10.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 2 plants. Stranders, all sizes: 13 plants......... . 15.6 20.0 20.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 175 59.5 174 59.7 174 59.7 180 59.7 22.3 22.4 22.4 21.7 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 13.7 13.8 13.8 12.2 11.4 11.5 11.5 14.4 34.3 31.6 42.0 41.7 14.9 17.2 6.9 6.7 . . . . . . ......... 1910 1911 272 254 60.6 59.9 17.6 18.9 9.2 14.2 7.0 10.2 14.0 7.9 39.7 35.4 12.5 13.4 1911 1912 262 59.8 266 59.6 18.3 18.0 16.8 18.0 9.9 10.2 7.6 8.3 34.4 32.7 13.0 12.8 1912 1913 252 246 19.0 15.9 13.9 21.1 20.2 19.5 8.7 4.5 27.0 34.1 11.1 4.9 7.1 14.3 14.3 15.4 21.4 14.3 14.3 7.7 14.3 7.1 7.1 35.7 42.9 64.3 76.9 21.4 21.4 1907 1908 1909 1910 59.2 58.7 14 64.5 14 64.8 14 64.7 13 65.1 ......... 276 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Finishers, 8-inch—Concluded. 9 plants*................................ Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber of Over Over Year. em time 48 Over 56 48 60 72 and and and ploy hours 60 and 72 84 and un under per ees. week. der. under 60 under under 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 60.6 59.6 25.0 24.0 24.0 8.3 12.0 16.0 8.3 20.0 12.0 4.0 4.0 58.3 40.0 44.0 1912 1913 59.3 59.4 19.4 6.5 32.3 41.9 35.5 3.2 3.2 29.0 29.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 67.9 67.8 67.8 13.3 7.1 7.1 73.3 78.6 85.7 92.9 13.3 14.3 7.1 7.1 1910 1911 1912 1913 64.3 63.8 63.4 63.2 8.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 62.5 56.5 54.2 58.3 12.5 13.0 12.5 4.2 1907 1908 1909 1910 68.0 68.0 67.7 67.7 20.0 20.0 70.0 80.0 60.0 60.0 10.0 5 plants.................................. 1910 1911 1912 68.4 68.4 83.3 66.7 66.7 16.7 25.0 25.0 5 plants.................................. 1912 1913 66.3 66.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 69.3 70.5 70.4 69.5 8 plants................... ......... . 1910 1911 65.8 65.2 15.0 15.8 5.3 5.3 10 plants................................. 1911 1912 1913 63.7 63.0 62.8 13.6 12.5 18.2 20.8 33.3 4.5 8.3 8.3 1907 1908 1909 1910 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 64.0 64.0 64.0 63.4 19G7 1908 1909 1910 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.2 25.0 25.0 25.0 33.3 3 plants.................................. 1910 1911 62.5 63.5 27.3 18.2 4 plants.................................. 1911 1912 1913 61.1 61.1 61.1 1907 1908 1909 1910 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 1910 1911 1912 61.9 60.7 58.9 10 plants................................. Finishers, 9-inch: 5 plants.................................. 9 plants.................................. Finishers, 10-inch: 4 plants.................................. Finishers, 12-inch: 4 plants.................................. Finishers, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant.................................... 4 plants.................................. Finishers, 16-inch: 2 plants.................................. Finishers, 18-inch: 1 plant.................................... 3 plants..................- .............. 12.5 13.0 12.5 4.2 13.0 16.7 25.0 8.3 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 8.3 8.3 33.3 33.3 58.3 58.3 8.3 ......... 8.3 41.7 45.5 63.6 75.0 50.0 54.5 36.4 16.7 5.0 60.0 42.1 20.0 31.6 4.2 4.2 36.4 29.2 37.5 27.3 25.0 16.7 30.8 53.3. 53.3 53.3 30.8 8.3 8.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 26.7 26.7 26.7 15.4 20.0 20.0 20.0 23.1 21.1 20.0 22.2 33.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 66.7 9.1 10.5 10.0 11.1 20.0 63.6 81.8 68.4 70.0 66.7 50.0 100.0 50.0 100.0 100.0 40.0 40.0 33.3 60.0 40.0 33.3 277 W AG ES A N D H O U R S OF LABO R— B AR M IL L S . I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Contd. T a b le PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber fSS. Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 72 48 60 and and and hours 72 60 and and 84 ploy per un under under under ees. week. der. under 60 84 56 72 Finishers, 18-inch—Concluded. 5 plants................................... 1912 1913 11 12 58.6 58.7 27.3 25.0 36.4 33.3 18.2 25.0 18.2 16.7 Finishers, all sizes: 10 plants... ______ - r________ 1907 1908 1909 1910 65 63 63 64 65.9 66.4 66.2 66.1 1.5 3.2 3.2 3.1 10.8 9.5 9.5 9.4 13.8 11.1 9.5 7.8 47.7 49.2 68.3 75.0 26.2 27.0 9.5 4.7 17 plants.. . , . T, - r- , ................. 1910 1911 111 110 64.0 63.4 13.5 13.6 2.7 7.3 4.5 8.2 9.0 7.3 55.0 45.5 15.3 18.2 ......... 19 plants., t_________ _______ 1911 1912 121 126 62.8 62.5 12.4 11.9 12.4 15.9 7.4 5.6 6.6 7.1 44.6 43.7 16.5 15.9 ......... ......... ....... ................... 1912 1913 137 134 62.0 61.8 10.9 13.1 25.4 18.2 18.7 6.6 6.0 38.0 42.5 13.1 7.5 1907 1908 1909 1910 49 37 37 37 64.8 69.1 68.9 69.9 18.4 8.1 8.1 32.7 16.2 37.8 51.4 49.0 75.7 54.1 48.6 13 plants................ .................. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Hook ups, 13-inch, 14-inch, and 15-inch: 1 plant...................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 69 53 56 58 62.8 63.4 62.5 61.5 26.1 22.6 21.4 5.2 33.3 35.8 35.7 37.9 31.9 30.2 26.8 19.0 8 14 8 12 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 Hook ups, 16-inch: 5 p la n t s ................................. 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 50 45 51 43 64.2 64.2 63.8 63.8 16.0 15.6 15.7 34.9 42.0 44.4 39.2 27.9 26 23 27 35 25 63.9 64.4 64.7 64.1 64.4 6 plants.................................... 1911 1912 35 36 62.4 61.5 5 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Hook ups, 18-inch: 2 plants.................................... 1907 1908 1909 1910 32 34 21 plants Hook ups, 12-inch: 6 plants r................................. 5 plants.................................... 5.8 7.5 12.5 34.5 3.8 3.6 3.4 2.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.0 20.0 17.6 24.0 20.0 27.5 16.3 20.9 7.7 8.7 7.4 5.7 8.0 92.3 91.3 92.6 94.3 92.0 17.1 22.2 5.7 5.6 77.1 72.2 61.1 61.5 25.0 23.5 6.3 5.9 68.8 70.6 9 62.2 10 61.0 10 61.0 9 60.8 11.1 20.0 20.0 22.2 88.9 80.0 80.0 77.8 5 plants.................................... 1910 1911 1912 20 21 24 60.4 60.5 59.2 20.0 19.0 41.7 14.3 7 plants.................................... 1912 1913 Hook ups, all sizes: 12 plants.................................. 1907 1908 1909 1910 38 40 59.0 58.8 31.6 35.0 31.6 30.0 92 84 82 93 63.9 65.3 65.7 65.6 9.8 3.6 3.7 2.4 2.4 2.2 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.2 8.7 16.7 9.8 12.9 52.2 41.7 57.3 63.4 26.1 33.3 ......... ......... 24.4 19.4 174 144 63.2 63.4 15.5 14.6 4.6 5.6 1.1 4.9 11.5 6.3 42.5 43.8 24.7 25.0 ......... 20 plants.................................. 1910 1911 30.0 50.0 66.7 58.3 36.8 35.0 278 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U E E A U OP L A B O E S T A T IS T IC S . AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAB MILLS—Contd. T a b l e T T T .— PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Hook ups, all sizes—Concluded, 21 plants............................. Num ber of Year. em ploy ees. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over Over Over time 48 56 72 48 60 hours and and and 60 72 and 84 and per un under under under under week. der. 60 84 72 56 1911 1912 154 167 63.0 62.2 13.6 12.6 9.1 15.0 4.5 2.4 5.8 8.4 43.5 40.7 23.4 21.0 ......... ......... 1912 1913 177 175 61.9 61.4 11.9 1.7 15.3 29.1 9.0 9.1 7.9 4.0 36.2 42.9 19.8 13.1 ......... ......... 1907 1908 1909 1910 20 20 20 20 65.1 65.3 65.1 65.1 10.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 55.0 55.0 75.0 70.0 20.0 20.0 1910 1911 1912 1913 33 33 33 36 60.6 60.0 60.0 59.6 18.2 18.2 18.2 9.1 9.1 12.1 44.4 21.2 27.3 21.2 11.1 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 48.5 42.4 45.5 41.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 18 59.7 18 60.4 18 60.3 18 60.3 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3 1910 1911 1912 1913 35 35 36 36 56.5 56.1 56.3 57.2 51.4 51.4 50.0 16.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 29 29 29 29 7 plants. 1910 1911 1912 6 plants. 22 plants..................i ......... Roll hands, other, 8-inch: 5 plants............................... 9 plants. Roll hands, other, 9-inch: 3 plants....................... 6 plants. Roll hands, other, 10-inch: 4 plants........................ Roll hands, other, 12-inch: 4 plants......................... 7 plants.. Roll hands, other, 13-inch, 14inch, and 15-inch: 3 plants................................... Roll hands, other, 16-inch: 2 plants.......................... 1 plant. Roll hands, other, 18-inch: 1 plant........................... 66.7 66.7 66.7 66.7 5.7 42.9 42.9 44.4 41.7 70.4 70.4 70.0 70.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 3.4 17.2 17.2 93.1 96.6 75.9 75.9 39 39 39 67.8 10.3 66.8 15.4 66.8 : : : : : : 15.4 2.6 5.1 5.1 82.1 74.4 74.4 5.1 5.1 5.1 1912 1913 33 33 66.0 66.0 6.1 6.1 72.7 72.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 24 21 21 22 70.1 70.4 70.3 69.9 1910 1911 1912 33 67.0 32 67.7 33 67.5 9.1 9.4 9.1 1912 1913 28 67.5 28 67.4 10.7 1910 1911 1912 1913 29 62.1 28 61.7 25 63.4 19 60.0 41.4 42.9 36.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 4 64.5 3 64.5 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 33.3 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 66.7 1912 1913 6 6 64.5 64.5 16.7 16.7 83.3 83.3 1907 1908 1909 1910 2 2 2 2 62.8 62.8 62.8 62.8 5.7 5.6 36.1 j 5.6 15.2 15.2 6.1 6.1 25.0 23.8 33.3 36.4 75.0 76.2 66.7 63.6 6.1 3.1 3.0 33.3 31.3 33.3 51.5 56.3 54.5 10.7 32.1 39.3 57.1 50.0 31.6 58.6 57.1 64.0 21.1 47.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 279 WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR— BAR MILLS. I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS— Contd. T able PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Roll hands, other, 18-inch—Con, 4 plants............................... 5 plants............................... Roll hands, other, all sizes: 9 plants............................... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 72 48 60 and and and 84 60 and 72 and ploy hours per un under under under ees. week. under der. 60 84 72 56 1910 1911 1912 7 59.9 6 60.8 7 59.2 28.6 16.7 42.9 16.7 1912 1913 9 59.3 10 58.9 33.3 40.0 22.2 20.0 1907 1908 1909 1910 97 94 94 95 28.6 42.9 66.7 57.1 44.4 40.0 66.8 67.0 66.8 66.7 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.3 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 3.2 40.2 40.4 70.2 70.5 45.4 44.7 ......... 14.9 ......... 14.7 ......... 18 plants. 1910 1911 1912 180 62.8 177 62.5 176 62.7 21.7 22.0 20.5 6.1 7.3 9.1 3.9 5.6 4.0 3.9 2.3 2.3 44.4 42.4 43.8 20.0 20.3 ......... 20.5 ......... 18 plants. 1912 1913 170 62.2 168 61.8 21.2 3.6 8.2 29.8 6.5 6.0 2.4 2.4 42.9 47.6 18.8 10.7 1907 1908 1909 1910 302 299 286 302 63.3 63.2 63.3 63.3 4.0 4.0 4.2 5.0 2.6 4.0 4.2 4.0 17.9 17.4 18.2 14.9 13.9 19.1 14.7 15.6 43.0 34.8 53.8 54.0 18.5 20.7 4.9 6.6 25 plants. 1910 1911 500 434 62.9 62.0 11.4 12.4 6.4 9.0 9.6 14.5 14.2 6.7 43.2 47.7 11.8 9.7 26 plants. 1911 1912 450 461 61.9 61.7 12.0 11.7 10.0 13.2 14.0 13.0 6.4 5.4 48.2 45.3 9.3 11.3 ......... 26 plants. 1912 1913 455 61.5 467 60.9 11.9 2.6 11.9 23.6 18.0 16.1 5.5 2.8 42.6 49.9 10.1 5.1 ......... 64.8 65.1 65.3 ......... 65.0 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.2 8.5 8.7 8.6 7.2 16.0 18.5 18.3 18.6 51.1 45.7 59.1 61.9 18.1 20.7 3.2 6.2 ......... 11.5 10.6 11.7 4.5 11.9 12.3 14.1 11.9 12.3 46.2 45.0 40.9 10.3 10.6 11.7 " i . Y 62.4 9.6 12.2 62.0 ......... 25.2 12.2 10.7 10.3 8.2 42.9 52.2 11.5 2.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 4.7 15.7 Hotbed men: 15 plants. Shearmen: 15 plants. 1907 1908 1909 1910 94 92 93 97 25 plants.......... 1910 1911 1912 156 63.3 151 62.5 154 62.4 24 plants.......... 1912 1913 156 159 1907 1908 1909 1910 201 65.9 172 66.2 ......... 185 67.3 . . . . . . 215 65.3 4.0 4.7 4.3 3.7 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.4 10.4 12.8 14.1 18.1 62.2 58.7 59.5 65.1 20.4 16.9 4.3 11.6 1910 1911 1912 355 359 358 64.7 63.8 63.9 12.7 13.4 13.4 2.3 2.2 3.4 .8 5.6 5.6 12.1 10.3 9.8 44.5 50.4 46.4 21.7 5.9 18.1 18.2 ” 3*4* 1912 1913 337 316 63.4 62.8 15.1 4.2 21.8 5.9 5.4 10.1 7.0 46.9 61.4 14.2 1.3 1907 1908 1909 1910 41 41 41 41 66.9 66.9 66.8 67.1 75.6 75.6 100.0 100.0 24.4 24.4 1910 1911 77 81 66.1 63.5 44.4 100.0 55.6 34.4 34.8 Shearmen’s helpers: 15 plants.......... 22 plants. Bundlers: 5 plants. 6 plants. 9.6 9.9 9.7 7 plants 1911 1912 131 62.0 132 62.0 65.6 65.2 7 plants. 1912 1913 129 61.6 136 61.4 69.8 71.3 .8 .7 29.5 27.9 3.6 3.2 280 B U L L E T IN OF T H E B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I I I .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN THE UNITED STATES, BY YEARS, 1907 TO 1913—BAR MILLS—Concld. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Laborers: 10 plants.................................. Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 48 72 60 and and and and and 84 60 72 ploy hours per un under under under under ees. week. der. 60 84 72 56 1907 1908 1909 1910 296 68.3 227 64.8 324 67.8 424 67.2 0.3 .9 .6 2.1 17.2 41.4 23.5 28.1 47.3 47.6 42.3 26.7 25.0 7.9 27.2 41.5 8.1 4.0 2.0 2.2 2.5 1.7 15 plants................................... 1910 1911 511 355 67.8 66.0 ......... 8.7 1.8 .8 29.2 19.7 25.0 49.3 35.8 19.7 4.7 1.1 13.5 .6 17 plants.................................. 1911 1912 390 424 65.5 65.9 ......... 7.9 4.2 .8 9.7 26.7 16.3 44.9 48.1 18.2 19.8 1.0 1.2 .5 .7 21 plants................................... 1912 1913 536 65.0 705 64.3 ......... 6.5 6.1 16.2 16.3 14.7 23.3 42.7 44.0 18.3 3.5 .9 6.2 .6 .6 i Including 0.8 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 84|, and 0.4 per cent whose full-time hours per week were 91. 281 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. T able I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS. STOCKERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Num Num ber of ber of em plants. ploy ees. 6 74 Total..... ............................. 17 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 6 7 4 Aver age full 56 time 48 Over 48 and hours and and per un un un week. der. der der 60 56 71 59.1 86 63.9 58 63.1 215 60.9 226 72 27 22 2 10 4 4 35 10 6 22 45 4 21 3 27 34 8 45 73 28 30 29 10 4 38 6 14 43 45 3 69 4 44 102 7 86 59.2 82 63.3 58 63.1 Total................................... 60 Over 60 and un der 72 63.6 Over 72 and un der 84 84 4 HEATERS. 1912. Eastern . . . . ..... ............................ Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 8 10 8 . 65 85 46 61.2 61.2 63.7 18 15 1 12 10 18 2 2 36 40 22 4 6 6 2 Total.................................. 26 196 61.8 18 28 30 2 98 16 2 1913. Eastern ................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 8 10 •8 72 86 53 61.1 61.6 62.7 15 16 14 14 18 2 2 1 37 46 29 4 3 Total............... ................... 26 211 61.7 3 45 34 3 112 2 4 40 74 36 8 12 5 9 !I 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 HEATERS” HELPERS. 1912. Eastern ...................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 8 10 6 104 172 42 61.1 60.8 68.4 45 Total................................... 24 318 61.9 1913. Eastern ...................... Pittsburgh ........................ . Great Lakes and Middle West... 8 10 6 116 171 37 Total.................... ............... 24 324 18 3 36 36 45 21 72 6 150 23 61.0 61.2 69.4 3 18 45 43 33 3 44 88 31 8 2 62.0 3 5 163 10 2 4 10 36 42 30 6 6 88 36 5 2 12 58 40 8 8 7 110 16 63 76 2 CHARGERS AND HELPERS. 1912. 15 61.2 3 Eastern . ___________ ________ 104 64.4 9 Pittsburgh................................... 62 7 64.8 Great Lakes and Middle West... Total................................... 19 1913. Eastern .......................... ......... Pittsburgh .................................. Great Lakes and Middle West... 3 9 7 Total................................... 19 181 12 3 26 10 12 13 26 21 61.0 104 63.3 63 65.4 4 12 10 26 185 63.7 26 26 64.3 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 282 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MQXS—Continued. T able DRAG DOWNS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full Over of time ber of em 56 48 48 plants. ploy hours and and and per un ees. week. un un der der. der 60 56 Over 60 and un der 72 60 Over 72 and un der 84 72 1912. Eastern ...................... ............... Pittsburgh Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 7 8 5 33 65 23 60.9 66.5 60.0 13 1 10 4 16 10 34 10 6 12 3 2 Total................................... 20 121 63.8 24 20 54 21 2 1913. Eastern ..................................... Pittsburgh ................ Great Lakes and Middle West... 7 8 5 36 65 23 61.0 65.4 60.0 13 1 10 3 16 12 46 10 6 Total...................- .............. 20 124 63.1 24 19 2 68 9 2 2 84 2 3 ROLL ENGINEERS. 1912. Eastern .................................... Pittsburgh......... ......................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 6 8 6 18 53 22 66.7 70.4 72.1 4 1 4 33 12 7 4 1 2 16 7 2 Total................................... 20 93 70.1 4 1 49 12 25 2 1913. Eastern ...................... Pittsburgh................. ................. Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 8 6 22 53 22 65.6 71.8 72.4 6 2 4 23 12 8 1 2 30 7 2 Total................................... 20 97 70.5 6 2 39 9 39 2 2 7 2 1 2 9 1 2 7 2 1 2 9 1 ROLLERS: 8-INCH. 1912. Eastern . ......................... Pittsburgh . ........................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 3 6 2 5 23 4 54.8 58.1 61.5 6 Total................................... 11 29 58.0 1913. Eastern .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pittsburgh ................ Great Lakes and Middle West... 3 6 2 Total................................... 11 2 4 1 1 6 7 4 5 52.6 20 58.9 4 61.5 4 8 1 1 2 29 2 13 2 58.1 3 1 ROLLERS: 9-INCH. 1912. Eastern .. .............................. Pittsburgh.. .............................. Great Lakes and Middle West... Total . . .................... 1913. Flastprn Pittsburgh .. . Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total 2 5 3 5 61.2 10 60.6 7 67.8 3 1 3 1 1 2 3 5 2 1 10 22 63.0 3 1 5 10 3 2 5 3 5 61.2 10 60.2 7 67.8 4 3 2 1 2 3 5 1 1 62.8 4 6 10 2 10 22 283 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able ROLLERS: 10-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age full Num ber Over 56 of time ber of em 48 48 and plants. ploy hours and and per un un un ees. week. der. der der 60 56 Year and district. 1912. 1913. it 5 6 12 52.3 67.1 4 1 2 7 18 62.1 5 2 2 5 6 51.7 12 67.1 4 1 2 7 18 5 2 61.9 Over 60 and un der 72 60 72 2 6 3 2 6 3 2 6 3 2 6 3 1 5 4 2 4 5 ROLLERS: 12-INCH. 1913. 4 5 3 7 13 7 61.1 63.2 71.1 1 1 1 3 Great Lakes and Middle West... Total............... ................... 12 27 64.7 3 2 1 1 11 9 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 4 5 3 8 13 7 61.0 62.8 71.1 1 1 3 1 1 2 5 4 2 3 5 Total................................... 12 28 64.4 1 4 1 3 11 8 ROLLERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1913. Eastern .................................... Pittsburgh ........................... . Great Lakes and Middle West... Total................................. 1913. Eastern ............ ...................... Pittsburgh... ............................. Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total................................... 1 1 2 5 2 72.0 57.6 68.0 3 4 9 63.1 3 1 1 2 5 2 72.0 56.8 68.0 3 1 4 9 62.7 3 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 6 1 2 3 1 1 a 2 2 1 2 2 1 Total................................... 5 1913. Eastern ...................................... Pittsburgh .................................. Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 2 2 1 Total................................... 5 3 59.8 4 64.3 4 60.5 2 61.7 2 11 4 61.0 4 64.3 3 58.7 11 61.5 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 1 2 ROLLERS: 16-INCH. 1913. Eastern....................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 2 2 3 Over 72 and un der 84 84 284 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able ROLLERS: 18-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full Over 56 of time ber of em 48 48 plants. ploy hours and and and per un un un ees. week. der. der der 60 56 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 4 2 1 7 3 2 58.1 57.3 62.8 4 1 12 58.7 5 Total................................... 7 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 4 2 1 8 3 2 58.3 57.3 62.8 3 1 Total................................... 7 13 58.8 4 2 60 Over 60 and un der 72 Over 72 and un der 84 72 3 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 4 ROLLERS: ALL SIZES. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 8 10 6 Total................................... 24 128 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 8 10 6 Total................................... 24 15 11 8 3 8 2 1 3 7 2 11 23 14 2 12 6 61.6 15 22 11 12 48 20 38 67 25 58.5 61.4 66.2 3 12 20 3 7 2 1 5 10 2 12 23 13 2 9 6 130 61.5 3 35 10 17 48 17 35 58.6 67 61.3 26 66.2 ROUGHERS: 8-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 3 6 2 Total................................... 11 1913. Eastern..................... ................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. .. 3 6 2 Total................................... 11 13 55.7 54 56.5 12 54.3 24 4 7 12 9 2 21 79 24 23 11 21 13 53.2 54 57.6 12 54.3 10 25 12 3 14 15 79 47 17 15 6 6 9 8 6 3 9 56.0 56.4 ROUGHERS: 9-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West.. . 2 5 4 15 58.2 27 62.0 40 53.1 6 21 8 Total................................... 11 82 57.0 27 17 6 23 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 5 4 15 58.2 27 61.3 41 52.9 22 9 6 8 6 6 15 8 3 Total................................... 11 83 22 23 6 29 3 56.6 9 84 285 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BAR MILLS. I Y .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able ROUGHERS: 10-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age full Num ber Over 56 of time ber of em 48 48 plants. ploy hours and and and un per ees. week. un un der der. der 60 56 Year and district. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh................................... 2 5 16 54.0 37 65.1 3 Total................................... 7 53 61.7 3 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 2 5 16 53.1 37 65.1 3 Total................................... 7 53 61.5 3 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 8 8 8 26 8 16 26 8 8 8 26 8 16 26 2 12 22 8 6 10 15 2 42 16 30 58.1 36 65.2 18 70.7 18 6 2 12 28 8 10 84 24 2 48 10 Over 72 and un der 84 84 ROUGHERS: 12-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 5 5 3 Total................................... 13 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 5 5 3 Total................................... 13 27 58.4 36 65.8 18 70.7 6 64.4 6 81 63.8 15 ROUGHERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 1 2 2 2 72.0 16 54.0 29 64.7 12 Total............... ................... 5 47 12 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 1 2 2 2 72.0 16 54.5 23 65.9 12 Total................................... 5 41 12 61.4 61.8 2 4 12 17 12 17 6 4 17 6 21 ROUGHERS:: 16-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 2 2 1 10 58.9 14 64.3 8 57.8 4 Total................................... 5 32 61.0 4 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 2 2 1 14 60.5 14 64.3 6 56.8 4 Total................................... 5 34 4 61.4 8 2 14 4 8 20 8 6 14 2 8 22 6 2 2 - 286 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able RO U G H E RS: 18-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full Over 56 of time ber of em 48 48 and plants. ploy hours and and un per ees. week. un un der der. der 60 56 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 4 1 16 57.5 9 58.8 6 62.8 10 1 8 Total................................... 7 31 58.9 11 8 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 4 12 1 8 1 18 57.2 9 58.8 6 62.8 Total................................... 7 33 13 8 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 Over 72 and un der 84 84 6 6 12 6 6 58.6 12 ROUGHERS: ALL SIZES. 1913. Eastern..... .................................. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 8 10 8 99 193 113 57.5 61.1 59.8 51 21 46 8 24 25 26 Total................................... 26 405 59.9 72 78 51 Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 8 10 8 108 57.2 193 61.3 106 59.7 3 22 57 50 24 19 38 Total................................... 26 407 25 131 57 1913. 59.8 12 28 92 43 12 161 31 6 30 102 41 13 6 173 | 15 CATCHERS: 8-INCH. 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 3 2 1 5 54.8 14 53.7 6 54.5 6 Total................................... 6 25 54.1 6 3 2 1 5 52.6 14 54.9 6 54.5 6 25 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... Total................................... 54.3 2 6 3 8 8 11 ! 4 6 6 1 8 16 9 CATCHERS: 9-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. . . 1 1 1 2 63.0 3 48.0 8 54.5 3 Total................................... 3 13 54.3 3 Eastern....................................... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 1 1 2 63.0 3 50.7 8 54.5 3 8 Total................................... 3 13 54.9 11 1913. 2 8 8 2 2 2 2 16 13 .........I......... 2 287 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able CATCHERS: 10-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full of ber of em time 48 Over 56 48 and plants. ploy hours and and per un ees. week. un un der der. der 60 56 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 1 1 4 14 48.8 71.5 4 Total................................... 2 18 66.4 4 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 1 1 4 14 48.8 71.5 4 Total................................... 2 18 66.4 4 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 14 14 14 14 CATCHERS: 12-INCH. 1912. Eastern ....................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 4 5 12 58.9 13 63.2 3 Total................................... 9 25 3 1913. Eastern.....................i.................. Pittsburgh.................................... 4 5 Total................................... 9 6 2 6 6 2 6 2 12 2 12 58.9 13 62.8 6 3 2 6 8 25 9 2 14 61.1 61.0 CATCHERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh................. . ................ 1 2 2 5 72.0 57.6 3 2 2 Total................................... 3 7 61.7 3 4 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 1 2 2 5 72.0 56.8 3 2 Total...................... ............ 3 7 61.1 3 .2 CATCHERS: 16-INCH. 1912. Eastern......... .............................. 1 1 64.5 2 6 64.3 Pittsburgh.................................... 1 6 Total................................... 3 7 64.4 7 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 1 2 2 6 64.5 64.3 2 6 Total................................... 3 8 64.4 8 2 2 Over 72 and un der 84 84 288 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. IV .-A V E R A G E AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T able CATCHERS: 18-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num- Aver age full Num of ber of em time 48 Over 56 48 plants. ploy hours and and and per un ees. week. un un der der. der 60 56 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West. .. 4 2 1 Total................................... 7 13 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 4 2 1 Total................................... 7 7 56.6 4 56.3 2 62.8 5 2 2 57.5 7 2 8 4 2 56.4 56.3 62.8 6 2 2 14 57.3 8 2 60 Over 60 and un der 72 Over 72 and un der 84 72 84 2 2 4 2 2 4 CATCHERS: ALL SIZES. 1913. Eastern................ ..................... Pittsburgh................................ Great Lakes and Middle West. Total............................... 20 57.8 61.3 55.5 15 12 59.4 15 | 33 15 1913. Eastern..................................... Pittsburgh................................ Great Lakes and Middle West. 57.6 61.6 55.5 Total.............................. . 9.4 39 STRANDERS: 8-INCH. 1913. Eastern.................................... Pittsburgh.............................. Great Lakes and Middle West 3 6 2 Total.............................. 11 1913. Eastern.................................... Pittsburgh............................... Great Lakes and Middle West 3 6 2 Total.............................. 11 2 7 56.1 48 61.0 12 61.5 6 67 6 5 22 6 20 6 8 27 6 53.4 48 61.4 12 61.5 4 6 6 2 22 60.7 16 24 26 6 4 4 8 6 2 6 16 8 6 4 10 8 2 6 22 2 ‘ 66 60.6 26 20 6 STRANDERS: 9-INCH. 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 9 2 4 3 13 57.5 16 66.0 28 52.8 18 9 57 57.6 18 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh....... ............................ Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 4 3 13 57.5 16 63.8 28 52.8 18 Total............................... 9 57 18 Total............... .......... . 56.9 9 9 9 . ===== 289 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le STRANDERS: 10-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age full Num ber of ber of em time 48 plants. ploy hours and per un ees. week. der. 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 2 5 8 47 54.0 55.4 Total................................... 7 55 2 5 7 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Total................................... Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 60 Over 60 and un der 72 4 4 8 18 55.2 . 21 4 12 18 8 47 53.1 55.4 4 4 8 18 55 55.1 4 12 18 6 4 4 6 6 8 21 21 21 72 STRANDERS: 12-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... 4 10 58.3 4 Pittsburgh.................................... 23 64.2 10W est... 72.0 Great Lakes and Middle 1 6 3 3 10 10 Total................................... 9 43 64.7 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 20 4 4 1 16 23 10 56.9 62.0 72.0 12 3 6 4 14 Total................................... 9 49 62.4 15 6 18 10 22 8 46 14 16 12 22 68 28 11 8 62 14 12 11 84 12 10 STRANDERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. 1913. Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 22 60.0 22 1913. Great Lakes and Middle West... 1 11 60.0 11 STRANDERS: 16-INCH. 1912. Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 8 55.0 8 1913. Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 8 55.0 8 STRANDERS:. ALL SIZES. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . Total................................ 1913. Eastern...................................... Pittsburgh................................ Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total.............................. . 6 8 6 38 134 80 56.7 60.2 58.7 30 18 14 20 252 59.2 48 35 51 6 8 6 43 134 69 55.9 59.7 58.5 21 18 29 9 14 6 42 20 83021°— Bull. 168— 15— 246 19 58.7 21 39 52 9 42 48 Over 72 and un der 84 84 290 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le FINISHERS: 8-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Aver Num age Num ber of full ber of em time 48 plants. ploy hours and ees. per un week. der. 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 6 2 3 22 6 58.8 58.0 64.0 6 Total................................... 10 31 59.3 6 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh................................... Great Lakes and Middle West... 2 6 2 3 22 6 Total................................... 10 31 Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 60 Ovar 60 ard un der 72 3 10 1 5 4 2 13 1 9 55.2 58.7 64.0 2 6 2 1 10 1 5 4 59.4 10 11 1 9 2 72 Over 72 and un der 84 84 FINISHERS: 9-INCH. 1912. 1 Eastern......................................... 3 55.0 Pittsburgh.................................... 5 10 60.6 11W est... 68.2 Great Lakes and Middle 3 3 3 1 1 3 10 2 1 3 4 1 13 3 24 63.4 1913. 1 3 Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 5 10 11 3 est... Great Lakes and Middle W 55.0 60.2 68.2 3 3 2 1 4 10 1 24 63.2 6 2 1 14 1 2 2 7 1 4 7 1 Total................................... Total................................... 9 9 FINISHERS: 10-INCH. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 1 4 2 10 Total................................... 5 12 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... 1 4 2 10 Total................................... 5 12 59.3 67.7 .........I......... 1 66.3 I 57.5 ! 67.7 .........I......... i 66.0 1.........1......... 2 2 7 1 4 7 1 FINISHERS: 12-INCH. 1912. Eastern ............... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 5 2 5 13 6 54.1 63.2 70.0 3 Total................................... 10 24 63.0 3 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh........... ............... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 5 2 5 13 6 Total................................... 10 5 2 1 3 4 4 2 5 II1 2 1 7 6 54.1 62.8 70.0 5 3 2 1 5 4 2 2 24 |62.8 8 2 1 9 4 1 291 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le FINISHERS: 13-INCH, 14-INCH, AND 15-INCH. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. 1912. Eastern ....................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total.................................. 1913. Eastern....................................... Pittsburgh........ ..... . . Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total.. .............. Num Aver age Num ber full of time ber of em 48 plants. ploy hours and per ees. week. un der. Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 1 2 1 4 7 4 72.0 61.7 60.0 3 4 15 64.0 3 1 2 1 4 7 2 72.0 59.4 60.0 3 4 13 63.4 3 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 4 4 4 4 8 2 4 I j 2 41 4 4 FINISHERS: 16-INCH. 1912. 2 Eastern ..................•.................... Pittsburgh..................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 2 1 2 10 8 57.5 64.4 57.8 4 Total................................... 4 20 61.1 4 Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh..................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 2 1 2 10 6 57.5 64.4 56.8 4 Total................................... 4 18 61.1 4 1913. 10 4 2 14 2 10 2 2 12 FINISHERS: 18-INCH. 1912. Eastern ....................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 2 1 4 5 2 57.0 58.2 62.8 2 1 4 Total................................... 5 11 58.6 3 4 Eastern........................... •............ Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 2 1 5 5 2 57.6 58.2 62.8 2 1 4 Total................................... 5 12 58.7 3 4 3 2 1913. 2 2 2 2 3 2 FINISHERS: ALL SIZES. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 5 10 6 23 77 37 59.2 61.7 64.4 15 10 2 6 7 18 2 3 4 28 24 4 11 3 Total................................... 21 137 62.0 15 18 25 9 52 18 Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 5 10 6 24 77 33 58.6 61.5 64.9 12 16 6 5 20 3 3 2 35 22 4 3 3 Total................................... 21 134 61.8 34 25 8 57 10 1913. Over 72 and un der 84 84 292 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able H O O K U PS: 12-INCH. Year and district. NumNum uer Of ber of em plants. ploy ees. Number of Avere full Over time 48 48 hours and and per un un week. der. der 56 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 5 5 3 11 32 13 57.6 60.6 71.5 12 Total................................... 13 56 62.5 12 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 5 5 3 12 32 14 57.4 60.8 66.4 3 Total................................... 13 58 61.5 3 HOOK 1912. employees whose full-time hours per week were— 56 and un der 60 4 14 2 4 11 7 2 20 15 8 12 2 4 18 20 2 22 11 Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 2 2 12 17 22 72.0 59.3 62.9 9 Total................................... 5 51 63.8 9 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 2 2 12 17 14 72.0 57.9 64.0 9 Total................................... 5 43 63.8 9 2 2 1 6 14 12 62.2 64.3 56.8 8 Total................................... 5 32 61.1 8 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 2 1 10 14 10 63.1 64.3 56.1 8 Total................................... 5 34 61.5 8 14 8 14 8 7 8 7 7 15 2 4 14 4 2 22 2 8 14 2 2 24 U P S :: 1 8 -IN C H . 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 4 2 1 16 14 8 57.5 58.6 62.8 10 2 Total................................... 7 38 59.0 12 12 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 4 2 1 18 14 8 57.2 58.6 62.8 12 2 12 Total................................. . 7 40 58.8 14 12 11 1 5 -IN C H U P S : : 1 6 -IN C H . 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh. . . . . .................. Great Lakes and Middle W est... HOOK 72 2 7 U P S : 1 3 -IN C H , 1 4 -I N C H , A N D HOOK 60 Over 60 and un der 72 12 6 8 14 6 8 14 12 8 20 12 12 Over 72 and un der 84 84 293 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- BAR MILLS. I V . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS— Continued. T able H O O K U PS: ALL SIZES. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. 1913. Num- Aver age Num o f full ber of em time 48 plants. ploy hours and per un ees. week. der. Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 Eastern.............. ......................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 7 8 7 45 77 55 62.0 60.6 63.6 21 17 2 8 2 14 Total................................... 22 177 61.9 21 27 16 Eastern ..................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 7 8 7 52 77 46 61.8 60.4 62.8 3 20 23 8' 2 14 Total................................... 22 175 61.4 3 51 16 1913. 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 14 14 28 22 12 12 11 14 64 35 18 40 17 12 7 7 75 23 Over 72 and un der 84 84 11 R O L L H A N D S , O T H E R : 8 -I N C H . 1913. Eastern .................................. Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 2 6 1 5 24 4 54.3 59.7 69.0 6 2 2 3 4 1 11 4 T o ta l.................................. 9 33 60.0 6 4 7 1 15 2 6 1 8 24 4 52.7 60.3 69.0 8 8 4 1 11 4 9 36 59.6 16 4 1 15 1913. Eastern .................................. Pittsburgh ............ ....... . . . Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total .. ........................ R O L L H A N D S , O T H E R : 9 -IN C H . 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total................................... 36 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est.. . Total................................... 36 63.0 52.5 59.7 * 12 6 56.3 18 63.0 54.3 59.7 13 57.2 13 ROLL H AN DS, O TH E R : 1912. 16 15 1 0 -IN C H . Eastern___ Pittsburgh.. 4 29 48.8 68.3 24 Total. 33 66.0 24 Eastern----Pittsburgh.. 48.8 68.3 24 Total. 66.0 1913. i 2 94 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le ROLL H AN D S, O T H E R : 1 2 -IN C H . Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. 1912. Eastern Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Num Aver age full Num ber of time ber of em 48 plants. ploy hours and per un ees. week. der. Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 Over 60 and un der 72 60 1 5 1 4 10 14 64.5 62.4 72.0 3 4 5 3 9 7 28 67.5 1913. Eastern ................................ Pittsburgh ...................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 1 5 1 4 10 14 64.5 62.0 72.0 3 4 7 Total................................... 7 28 67.4 3 11 ............... Total ROLL H AN DS, O T H E R : 1912. 72 2 14 16 14 1 3 -IN C H , 1 4 -IN C H , A N D 14 1 5 -IN C H . ............... . .. ......... 1 2 4 21 72.0 61.7 9 4 12 Total................................... 3 25 63.4 9 16 1913. Eastern ..................................... Pittsburgh ........................... 1 2 4 15 72.0 56.8 9 6 Total................................... 3 19 60.0 9 6 Eastern Pittsburgh ROLL H AN DS, O TH E R : 1 6 -IN C H . 1912. Pittsburgh.............. 1 6 64.5 ............................. 1 5 1913. Pittsburgh.............. 1 6 1 5 64.5 .............................. R O L L H A N D S , O T H E R : 1 8 -IN C H . 1912. Eastern ............................ Pittsburgh ....................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 3 1 1 5 2 2 57.8 59.5 62.8 3 ....................... 5 9 59.3 3 3 1 1 6 2 2 57.3 59.5 62.8 4 5 10 58.9 4 Total ......................... 2 2 1913. Eastern ................................... Pittsburgh ....................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 4 4 Over 72 and un der 84 84 295 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— BAR MILLS. I V ___ AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Continued. T a b le ROLL HANDS, OTHER: ALL SIZES. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age Num ber fullof time 48 Over 56 ber of em 48 plants. ploy hours and and and per un ees. week. un un der. der der 60 56 Year and district. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 9 3 24 110 36 59.5 61.7 65.7 30 6 Total................................... 18 170 62.2 36 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 9 3 28 104 36 58.3 61.4 65.7 6 Total................................... 18 168 61.8 6 60 Over 60 and un der 72 Over 72 and un der 84 72 9 5 3 8 4 8 49 16 4 14 14 14 11 4 73 32 16 34 10 4 8 56 16 14 50 10 4 80 18 38 2 14 36 46 25 29 118 47 6 16 24 25 194 46 32 142 59 12 13 4 HOTBED MEN. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 8 10 8 109 236 110 58.4 61.5 64.7 54 Total................................... 26 455 61.5 54 54 82 1913. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 8 10 8 121 244 102 58.7 61.6 61.7 12 48 44 18 29 46 Total................................... 26 467 60.9 12 110 75 13 233 24 12 SHEARMEN. 1912. Eastern......................................... Pittsburgh.................................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 39 71 46 58.5 62.3 65.7 15 12 1 6 9 10 7 1 8 9 36 22 2 8 8 2 24 156 62.4 15 19 19 16 67 18 2 1913. Eastern .......... ...................... .......................... Pittsburgh Great Lakes and Middle W est... 8 9 7 46 71 42 58.2 62.2 65.8 18 16 6 7 10 7 1 5 12 44 27 2 2 Total................................... 24 159 62.0 40 17 13 83 4 2 12 22 33 99 26 26 22 12 Total................................ 8 9 7 2 SHEARMEN’S HELPERS. 1912. Eastern ......................... Pittsburgh . ..... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 6 9 7 55 192 90 63.0 61.7 67.1 51 4 2 8 6 14 Total .................................. 22 337 63.4 51 14 20 34 158 48 12 6 9 7 49 191 76 61.4 61.4 67.2 8 53 8 3 14 12 10 26 124 44 4 10 22 316 62.8 69 17 22 194 4 10 1913. Eastern .. . . . . . . . . P ittsburjrh Great Lakes and Middle W est... Total ....... 84 296 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I V .—AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK IN EACH YEAR, BY DISTRICTS, 1912 AND 1913—BAR MILLS—Concluded. T a b le BUNDLERS. Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Year and district. Num Aver age Num ber full of ber of em time 48 plants. ploy hours and per un ees. week. der. Over 56 48 and and un un der der 60 56 60 Over 60 and un der 72 72 Over 72 and un der 84 84 1912. Pittsburgh.................................... 7 129 61.6 90 1 38 1913. Pittsburgh......... ........................ 7 136 61.4 97 1 38 38 48 1 52 24 3 15 128 86 77 21 5 1 2 LABORERS. 1912. Eastern .. ........................... Pittsburgh . . ........... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 5 9 7 140 283 113 58.9 67.1 67.1 35 Total................................... 21 536 65.0 35 87 79 229 98 5 3 1913. Eastern.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ___ Pittsburgh ...................... Great Lakes and Middle W est... 5 9 7 186 395 124 58.7 66.0 67.2 43 68 42 5 55 107 2 20 199 91 6 19 39 5 2 2 Total................................... 21 705 64.3 43 115 164 310 25 44 4 SHEET MILLSSUMMARY. Summary figures relating to the sheet-mill department of the iron and steel industry are given with figures for other departments in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explanation of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average rate of wages, or earnings, per hour of employees in the principal productive occupations in sheet mills was 16.8 per cent higher than in 1910; 7 per cent higher than in 1911; and 3.7 per cent higher than in 1912. The average full time hours of work in 1913 were 0.9 per cent lower than in 1910, and 0.2 per cent and 0.4 per cent higher than in 1911 and-1912, respec tively. The average full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 16.3 per cent higher than in 1910, 7.1 per cent higher than in 1911, and 4.1 per cent higher than in 1912. The most significant facts concerning the several sheet-mill occu pations which are covered in this section of the report are summar ized in the table following. Data are presented for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, figures for identical plants being grouped together. The data for 1913 represents 2,487 sheet-mill employees in the 14 occupations covered and were obtained from 8 plants hav ing 76 hot mills in operation. The sheet mills for which the data in this report were secured are such as roll ordinary commercial black sheets, gauges 12 to 30, and do not include mills which roll extra heavy sheets or thin plates. Some sheet mills occasionally roll black plates for tinning and when so utilized are classified in this report as tin-plate mills. Referring to the first occupation, laborers, comparison can be made of data for 9 identical plants from 1910 to 1912, inclusive, and 8 identical plants for 1912 and 1913. The first line of the table is read as follows: In 1910 the 9 sheet mills from which reports were obtained employed 347 laborers whose average full-time hours of work were 63.1 per week. For 4.1 per cent of the 347 laborers, the full-time hours per week were over 48 and under 60; for 64.3 per cent, 60 hours; for 12.7 per cent, over 60 and under 72; and for 19.1 per cent, 72 hours and over. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour of laborers in the year considered (1910) was $0,164, Of the total number 21.3 per cent earned 14 and under 16 cents per hour, and 78.7, 16 and under 18 cents per hour. The average full- 297 298 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. time weekly earnings were $10.35. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in 9 plants the average full-time weekly earnings of laborers were $10.35 in 1910. In 1911 there was an advance to $10.54, and in 1912 a further advance to $10.72. In the 8 plants reported for 1912 and 1913 the average full-time weekly earnings were $10.76 and $12.39, respec tively. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 of the several occupations it is seen that the lowest average was that of shearmen’s helpers which was $11.93 and the highest that of rollers which was $62.08. In this table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913— SHEET MILLS. (The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Occupation, and number of plants. Laborers: 9 plants. 8 plants. Picklers: 4 plants. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Num Aver age age ber full rate of time Over Over Year. em of 48 60 48 72 wages ploy- hours per per and and 60 and and un over. hour. week. un un der. der der 60 72 1910 1911 1912 347 361 354 1912 1913 238 260 1910 1911 50 49 63.1 Per cent of employees whose earnings per A.verhour were— 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. time ano 25 week ly un cts. earn der and ings. 25 over. cts. 4.1 64.3 12.7 19.1 $0.164 21.3 78.7 4.7 52.9 24.9 17.4 .166 18.3 81.7 3.7 54.2 25.7 16.4 .169 .6 99.4 $10.35 10.54 10.72 5.4 55.0 15.1 24.4 7.7 41.5 18.4 32.3 .191 i.l 13.1 83.1 10.76 12.39 90.0 89.8 .181 .172 56.0 28.0 16.0 77.6 8.2 14.3 12.75 12.35 70.8 71. 10.0 10.2 5 plants. 1911 1912 71.2 8.6 15.5 75.9 71 ....... ......... 12.8 15.4 71.8 .177 .186 65.5 6.9 27. 51.3 15.4 33.3 12.54 13.23 4 plants. 1912 1913 72.4 70.0 .183 .202 18.221.2 56.7 ...2 0 .0 13.17 14.06 84.9 15.1 16.7 ....... 83.3 25 40 Un and and and 50 der un un un cts. 25 der der der and 30 40 50 over. cts. cts. cts. Openers: 7 plants........... . 6 plants............. Shearmen’s helpers: 6 plants............. 5 plants........... 1910 1911 1912 138 167 180 46.0 85.5 14.5 45.2 89.2 ......... . . . . 10.8 45.8 86.7 13.3 . . . . . .274 .275 87.7 3.6 85. 1. 38.9 12.2 12.57 12.35 13.04 1912 1913 170 168 46.0 85.9 . . . . 14.1 ....... 45.4 88.1 ......... 11.9 .274 38.8 41.2 12.9 .279 L0 82.1 11.9 2.4 12.43 12.56 1910 1911 1912 62 83 77 46.4 83.9 44.9 90.4 - - ---45.1 89.6 16.1 9.6 : : : : : 10.4 .26141.9 53.2 1.6 3.2 11.99 .30831.3 33.7 21.7 1.2 12.0 13.59 .290] 26.0 41.6 19.5 13.0 12.88 1912 1913 67 70 45.5 88.1 45.3 88.6 ......... 11.9 11.41....... .267|29.8 47.8 22.4. ,26754.2 15.7 28.6 1.4 11.97 11.93 2 99 W AG E S A N D H O U R S OF LABO R— S H E E T M IL L S . AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED PULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVER AG E FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913— SHEET MILLS—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Num Aver age ber full of time Year. em ploy hours per ees. week. Doublers: 9 plants................ Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose earnings per per week were— hour were— Aver age rate Over of 30 40 50 Over Un and and and 60 48 60 72 wages and 60 and and per der un un un cts. un over. hour. 30 der der der and un der der cts. 40 50 60 over. 60 72 cts. cts. cts. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 1910 1911 1912 210 252 ) ............. ) ............. ) ............. 1912 1913 216 222 ) ............. ) ............. .423 1.8 20.8 70. 6.5 .450 .517.6 64.4 16. 18.06 1.4 19.21 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 ) ............. ) ............. ) ............. .387 10.537.6 51.9 .418 5.9 42.7 .3 18.0 .429 2.825.3 60. 11.2 16.53 17.83 18.30 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 ) ............. ) ............. .439 3.215.1 68.9 12.8 .462 .914.6 .3 23.3 18.75 19.72 1912 1913 115 139 42.7 42.7 ) ............. ) ............. Sheet heaters’ helpers: 8 plants...... . ........ 1910 1911 1912 174 215 42.7 42.7 42.7 ) ............. 1............. 1............. 1912 1913 178 178 42.7 42.7 I ............. ►............. 8 plants................ Matchers: 9 plants................ 8 plants.,............. Rollers' helpers or finishers: 6 plants................ 7 plants................ $0,372 10.550.0 39.5 .401 4.0 47.6 40.1 .412 1.630.5 62. ....... ....... .474 ---- 48.7 29.6 21.7 20.21 .517 ___!43.2 5.0 23.0 28.7 22.05 .377 5.2 56.3 36.2 2.3 .436 ....3 3 .5 41.9 23.7 1.0 ....3 2 .7 47.1 19.2 1.0 I .439 ....3 8 .2 38.2 22. 1.1 .511 ...JJ5.2 33.7 34.8 16.3 Un der 40 cts. Catchers: 9 plants.. 8 plants... Pair heaters: 9 plants... 8 plants.. Roughers: 9 plants.. 8 plants.. $15.86 17.10 17.58 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 16.07 18.59 18.71 18.74 21.81 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1910 1911 1912 215 258 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 1910 1911 1912 210 255 42.7 42.7 42.7 .466 20.4 29.5 49.0 1.0 .502 15.7|38.4 27.1 17.6 .517 5.6 22.5 57.8 14.1 1912 1913 £19 219 42.7 42.7 .532 .558 1910 1911 1912 215 255 252 42. 7100. 42.7 42.7 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 1910 1911 1912 215 259 252 1912 1913 .544 8.8 18. 34.4....... 23.19 .587 4.712.8 44. 17.8, 20.2 25.03 .603 19.015.5 51.6 12.3 25.71 . .617 .652 . ....... ....... .5 17.i 58.6 14.0 26.33 14.! 51.4 28.4 27.84 11.9 65. 16.0 7.3 58.4 26.9 19.89 1*2 21.42 22.06 22.69 23.79 .558 6.0 15. 39.1 39.1 23.82 .603 5.5 56.5 17. 20.4 25.71 .616 16.7 16.7 51.2 15.5 26.29 .633 5.4 18. < 58.1 17. 26.99 1.4 15. J 50.0 32.9 28.40 42.7 42.7 42.7 1.242 1.380 1.416 1.9 2.3 3.7 92.1 52.98 .4 99.6 58.89 100.0 60.41 222 222 42.7 42.7 1.437 1.455 100.0 61.31 100.0 62.08 1910 1911 1912 85 104 105 46.0 85.1 44. 44.9 6 plants.................. 1912 I 1913 95 93 Rollers: 9 plants.. 8 plants.. Shearmen: 7 plants.. 45.1 45.2 .... J :::: 14.1 ....... 9.6 9.5| .689 12.9 7.115.310. 54.1 30.79 .722 7.7 5.828.8 8.7 49.0 32.86 .768 3.0 5.7 5.7 8. 77.1 34.67 10.5' 10.8, .757 3.3 6.3 6.3 9.5 74.7 34.42 .801 3.3 1.1 6.5 23.7 65.6 36.34 300 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PE R HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Num ber of Year. em ploy ees. Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full time Over Over 60 72 hours 48 48 per and and and and 60 un over. week. un un der der. der 72 60 Sheet heaters: 9 plants................. 1910 1911 1912 215 259 253 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 ......... 1912 1913 223 223 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 8 plants................ .... ....... ....... Per cen tof employees whose earnmgs per Aver hour were— Aver age age full rate time of 40 50 60 wages Un and and and 70 week ly per der un un un cts. earn hour. 40 der der der and ings. cts. 50 60 70 over. cts. cts. cts. $0,883 .911 .949 . . . . .989 .998 .... 4.2 11.2 84.7 $37.68 14.7 85.3 38.88 .4 14.2 85.4 40.51 .4 2.7 96.9 42.21 4.5 95.5 42.60 To aid in making a comparison of the actual data for the four years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period, relative or index numbers have been computed from the averages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupation from 1910 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table fol lowing. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The relative for each year is the per cent which the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of pair heaters in 1910 were 86, as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of pair heaters in 1910 were 86 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occu pation in 1913. The method of computing relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. The table also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnmgs in 1913, as compared with each specified year preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of pair heaters in 1913 were 16.3 per cent higher than in 1910, 8 per cent higher than in 1911, and 4.8 per cent higher than in 1912. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of pair heaters in 1911 were 7.7 per cent higher than in 1910, in 1912, 3 per cent higher than in 1911, and in 1913, 4.8 per cent higher than in 1912. The other occupations and items of the table can be studied in like manner. The percentages of increase and decrease are computed from the relative numbers. 301 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— SHEET MILLS. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , RATES OF WAGES PER H OU R, AND FU LL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EA R S, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—SHEET MILLS. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Pair heaters: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 ...................... Rollers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 ............................. Rollers’ helpers or finishers: 1912 ...................... 1913 ............... Roughers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Catchers: 1910 ............................. 1911.................................. 1912............................... 1913 ................... Matchers: 1910 .................... 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 .......... Doublers: 1910 .............. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913 ......................... Sheet heaters: 1910 . .................... 1911........................ ......... 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Sheet heaters’ helpers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Shearmen: 1910.. .................... 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Shearmen’s helpers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913................................ Openers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela tive Each speci rate 1913 as fied of com year wages pared per as with hour. com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. 1913 as com pared with each speci fied year. 0) (*) O) 85.9 92.6 95.3 100.0 +16.4 + 8.0 + 4.9 0) 0) 0) 86.6 96.3 98.8 100.0 +15.5 + 3.8 + 1.2 91.7 100.0 + 9.1 0) 0) C1 O) 86.1 93.0 95.0 100.0 +16.1 + 7.5 + 5.3 85.4 92.1 94.6 100.0 +17.1 + 8.6 + 5.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0) A (A 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0) 0) (A 100.0 100.0 0) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 0) 0) C1) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (i) I1) 0) 0) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 m (l) (i) O) 85.7 92.6 95.0 100.0 +16.7 + 8.0 + 5.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 C1) (1) (1) (1) c1) 84.9 91.5 94.0 100.0 +17.8 + 9.3 + 6.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 O) 0) 0) (i) (1) (1) 92.2 95.1 99.1 100.0 + 8.5 + 5.2 + .9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (1) (i) (1) (1) O) 0) 73.8 85.3 85.9 100.0 +35.5 +17.2 +16.4 102.2 99.8 99.8 100.0 - 2 .2 + .2 + .2 - 2 .2 0) + .2 84.8 88.8 94.5 100.0 +17.9 +12.6 + 5.8 103.3 100.0 100.4 100.0 - - 3 .2 + .4 - .4 90.0 106.2 100.0 100.0 +11.1 - 5,8 0) -1 .8 +1.3 -1 .3 93.1 93.4 98.2 100.0 + 7.4 + 7.1 + 1.8 101.8 100.0 101.3 100.0 0) -3 .2 0) .4 - 1 .8 C1) -1 .3 i No change. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela tive Each Each speci full as speci time 1913 fied fied com year weekly pared year earn as as with com ings. com each pared pared speci with with fied year year year. pre pre ceding. ceding. + 7.8 + 2.9 + 4.9 86.0 92.6 95.4 100.6 +16.3 + 8.0 + 4.8 +11.2 + 2.6 + 1.2 86.6 96.3 98.8 100.0 +15.5 + 3.8 + 1.2 91.7 100.0 + 9.1 + 9.1 + 8.0 + 2.2 + 5.3 86.1 92.9 95.0 100.0 +16.1 + 7.6 + 5.3 + 7.8 + 2.7 + 5.7 85.3 92.1 94.6 100.0 +17.2 + 8.6 + 5.7 + 8.1 + 2.6 + 5.3 85.9 92.6 95.1 100.0 + 16.4 + 8.0 + 5.2 + 7.8 + 2.7 + 6.4 84.8 91.4 94.0 100.0 +17.9 + 9.4 + 6.4 + 3.1 + 4.2 + .9 92.2 95.1 99.1 100.0 + 8.5 + 5.2 + .9 +15.6 + -7 +16.4 73.8 85.4 85.9 100.0 +35.5 +17.1 +16.4 + 4.7 + 6.4 + 5.8 84.1 89.8 94.7 100.0 +18.9 +11.4 + 5.6 +18.0 - 5.8 0) 93.4 105.9 100.3 100.0 + 7.1 - 5.6 - .3 + .3 + 5.1 + 1.8 95.4 93.7 99.0 100.0 + 4.8 + 6.7 + 1.0 + 7.7 + 3.0 + 4.8 +11.2 + 2.6 + 1.2 + 9.1 + 7.9 + 2.3 + 5.3 + 8.0 + 2.7 + 5.7 + 7.8 + 2.7 + 5.2 + 7.8 + 2.8 + 6.4 + 3.1 + 4.2 + .9 +15.7 + .6 +16.4 + 6.8 + 5.5 + 5.6 +13.4 - 5.3 .3 - 1.8 + 5.7 + 1.0 302 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. RELA TIV E FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W EE K , RATES OF WAGES P E R HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH P E R CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—SHEET MILLS— Concluded. Hours per week. Occupation and year. Picklers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Laborers: 1910.................................. 1911.................................. 1912.................................. 1913.................................. Rela tive full time hours per week. Wages per hour. Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each tive speci rate 1913 as fied of com year wages pared per as with hour. com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. Rela Each tive Each speci full 1913 as as speci fied time 1913 fied com com year weekly pared year pared earn as as with with com ings. com each each pared speci pared speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 101.3 102.7 103.4 100.4 —1.3 -2 .6 -3 .3 97.5 98.3 98.2 100.0 +2.6 +1.7 + 1.8 +1.4 + .7 -3 .3 90.7 86.2 90.6 100.0 +10.3 +16.0 +10.4 + -8 + .1 + 1.8 85.4 86.4 88.0 100.0 +17.1 +15.7 + 13.6 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease ( —) in - — 5.0 + 5.1 +10.4 91.7 88.8 93.7 100.0 + 9.1 +12.6 + 6.7 + 1.2 + 1.9 + 13.6 83.8 85.4 86.8 100.0 +19.3 +17.1 +15.2 — 3.2 + 5.5 + 6.7 + 1.9 + 1.6 +15.2 A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the sheet-mill department as a whole, as determined by a com bination of the data for the several principal productive occupations which are covered by this section of the report. The method of computing the figures of this table is explained on page 23. From the table following, under “ weekly earnings/’ it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the department as a whole in 1910 were 86, as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1910 were 86 per cent of such earnings in 1913. The relative increased to 93.4 in 1911, and to 96.1 in 1912. In 1913, the base year, the relative is 100. The next column shows that full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 16.3 per cent higher than in 1910, 7.1 per cent higher than in 1911, and 4.1 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column under ‘ ‘ weekly earnings ” shows the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time weekly earnings each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings in 1911 were 8.6 per cent higher than in 1910, in 1912, 2.9 per cent higher than in 1911, and in 1913, 4.1 per cent higher than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour can be read in like manner. 3 03 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR---- SHEET MILLS. R E L A TIV E FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , RATES OF W AG ES PER H O U R , A ND FU LL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TO GETH ER W IT H PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y E A R S , A L L OCCUPATIONS—SHEET MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in Year. 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, Rela tive full time hours per week. 100.9 99.8 99.6 100.0 Each 1913 as speci fied com year pared as with com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. - 0 .9 + .2 + .4 -1 .1 - .2 + .4 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in Rela tive rate of per hour. 85.6 93.5 96.4 100.0 Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) in - Rela tive Each Each speci full as speci 1913 as fied fied time 1913 com com year weekly pared year pared earn as as with with com com ings. each each pared speci speci pared with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. +16.8 + 7.0 + 3.7 +9.2 +3.1 +3.7 86.0 93.4 96.1 100.0 +16.3 + 7.1 + 4.1 +8.6 +2.9 +4.1 In considering weekly earnings it should be remembered that a re duction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings, just as an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase them. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the department must be considered; that is,, the change in the relative number of employees in the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occu pations or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higherpaid ones would tend to lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would tend to increase the average. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in sheet-mill plants whose customary working time per week was 5 days or turns, or 6 days, or 7 days, or variations thereof, are shown in the following table. It will be noticed that the custom ary working time of over 80 per cent of the employees in this depart ment was “ 5 days, 5 days, and 6 days in rotation.” In all of the plants covered, the hot-mill employees were divided into three groups each working 8 hours per turn, five turns per week, Monday to Friday, inclusive, with one crew working an extra turn Saturday morning. Each crew advances one turn each week, thus giving each crew the extra Saturday turn every third week. All of the sheet-mill plants from which reports were obtained are in the Pittsburgh district. 304 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES W ORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EE K , B Y YEA R S, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Number of employees whose cus tomary workmg time per week was— Num ber 5 of days Number of plants. Year. em and ploy 5 6 ees. days. days alter nate ly- Per cent of employees whose cus tomary workmg time per week was— 5 5 days, 6 5 days, 6 days days 6 days days, and and days, and 5 and and 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 days. days days. days. days 6 days. days days. alter days alter days alter in nate nate in nate rota ly. rota ly. ly. tion. tion. Nine plants........... 1910 2,346 1911 2,772 2 2 46 1,907 40 2,326 380 391 Nine plants.......... 1911 2,781 1912 2,716 2 2 40 2,326 46 2,281 400 370 Eight plants......... 1912 2,439 1913 2,487 2 2 46 2,126 42 2,159 248 276 11 13 0.1 .1 2.0 1.4 81.3 83.9 16.2 14.1 4 13 13 .1 .1 1.4 1.7 83.6 84.0 14.4 13.6 0.1 4 13 8 .1 .1 i.9 1.7 87.2 86.8 10.2 11.1 .2 0.5 .5 .5 .5 .5 .3 In addition to the text tables in the summary two general tables are presented for the sheet-mill department, as follows: Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and clas sified rates of wages per hour, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table II.—Average and classified full-time hours per week, by years, 1910 to 1913. In Tables I and II, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are summarized in the text table on pages 298 to 300. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I and II, and in the table of relative numbers, follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments, reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended expla nation see page 17. Descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report were given in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau but have been omitted from the present report. 305 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— SHEET MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS. T able [All the plants reported are in the Pittsburgh district. The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NU M BER. Aver Num Aver Aver age age age full ber full Occupation rate time of of and number of Year. em time wages week ploy hours ly per per ees. week. hour. earn ings. Pair heaters: 9 plants. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 3 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 42.7 $0,466 $19.89 42.7 .502 21.42 42.7 .517 22.06 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 1910 1911 1912 215 259 .252 42.7 1.242 52.9S 42.7 1.380 58.89 42.7 1.416 60.41 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 1.437 61.31 42.7 1.455 62.08 1912 1913 Roughers: 9 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 115 139 42.7 42.7 .474 20.21 .517 22.05 215 255 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 .558 23.82 .603 25.71 .616 26.29 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 .633 26.99 .666 28.40 1910 1911 1912 215 258 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 .544 23.19 .587 25.03 .603 25.71 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 .617 26.33 .652 27.84 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 42.7 42.7 42.7 .387 16.53 .418 17.83 .429 18.30 4 5 3 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 .439 18.75 .462 19.72 1910 1911 1912 210 252 246 42.7 42.7 42.7 1912 1913 216 222 1910 1911 1912 8 plants___ Rollers: 9 plants— 8 plants. Rollers' helpers or finishers: 6 plants___ 8 plants. Catchers: 9 plants. 8 plants. Matchers: 9 plants. 8 plants. Doublers: 9 plants. 8 plants... Sheet heaters: 9 plants... 8 plants. Sheet heaters' helpers: 8 plants___ 7 plants. Shearmen: 7 plants. 6 plants. ' .532 22.69 .558 23.79 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 3 6 2 37 34 12 62 98 56 103 69 144 2 45 35 2 12 11 26 16 144 128 35 59 5 4 5 8 1 198 258 252 56 60 13 7 34 14 42 12 3 42 129 35 111 18 10 4 79 109 63 109 85 151 46 28 3 4 2 33 .32 151 132 28 51 .372 15.86 .401 17.10 .412 17.58 6 16 10 3 105 120 75 83 101 153 21 14 42.7 42.7 .423 18.06 .450 19.21 1 3 1 45 39 153 143 14 36 215 259 253 42.7 42.7 42.7 .883 37.68 .911 38.88 .949 40.51 9 1912 1913 223 223 42.7 42.7 .989 42.21 .998 42.60. 1910 1911 1912 174 215 208 42.7 42.7 42.7 .377 16.07 .436 18.59 .439 18.71 1912 1913 178 178 42.7 42.7 1910 1911 1912 85 .46.0 104 44.9 105 44.9 39 73 39 130 33 114 31 63 2 3 24 38 36 182 221 216 1 6 10 216 213 1 1 98 72 68 63 90 98 4 51 40 1 2 .439 18.74 .511 21.81 68 27 68 60 40 62 2 20 9 .689 30.79 .722 32.86 .768 34.67 1 3 1 11 5 1 6 6 6 13 30 6 9 9 9 46 51 81 .757 34.42 .801 36.34 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 6 6 9 22 71 61 83021°— Bull. 168— 15------ 20 22 82 74 115 46 " ’ 52 39 130 31 18 11 1 25 18 84 84 144 45 ***52 42 129 39 4 1 45.1 45.2 2 34 32 40 33 48 95 93 3 222 222 17 12 4 1912 1913 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 9 3 06 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS* I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS—Continued. T a b le NUMBER—Concluded. Aver Aver Num age Aver age age full ber full rate Occupation, time of and number of Year. em time of week hours plants. ploy per wages ly per earn ees. week. hour. ings. S h ea rm en ’ s helpers: 6 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 62 83 77 46.4 $n m $11.99 44.9 308 13.59 45.1 ?90 12.88 12 26 26 8 33 28 32 1 18 15 67 70 45.5 45.3 ?67 11.97 ?67 11.93 12 12 8 26 32 11 15 20 1 138 167 180 46.0 45.2 45.8 ?74 12.57 9,75 12.35 ?89 13.04 2 8 58 121 143 70 5 3 22 10 1 8 17 14 170 168 46.0 45.4 ?74 12.43 ?79 12.56 8 3 58 7 70 138 22 20 8 4 50 49 70.8 71.8 181 12.75 172 12.35 28 38 14 4 8 7 1911 1912 58 39 71.2 71.7 177 12.54 186 13.23 38 20 4 6 16 13 4 plants....... 1912 1913 Laborers: 9 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 33 30 72.4 70.0 .183 13.17 .202 14.06 20 17 6 7 6 347 361 354 63.1 63.6 63.5 .164 10.35 .166 10.54 .169 10.72 74 66 2 8 plants....... 1912 1913 238 260 63.8 65.0 .168 10.76 .191 12.39 2 236 34 216 10 5 plants,.___ 1912 1913 Openers: 7 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 fi plants. 1912 1913 Picklers: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 Rplants. 2 2 1 10 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 10 1 7 273 295 352 PER CENT. Pair heaters: 9 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 42.7 $0,466 $19.89 42.7 .502 21.42 42.7 .517 22.03 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 1910 1911 1912 215 259 252 42.7 1.242 52.98 42.7 1.380 58.89 42.7 1.416 60.41 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 1.437 61.31 42.7 1.455 62.08 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 Roughers: 9 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 115 139 42.7 42.7 .474 20.21 .517 22.05 48.7 29.6 21.7 43.2 **5.0 23.0 12.9 *i5.8 215 255 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 .558 23.82 .603 25.71 .616 26.29 8 plants....... 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 .633 26.99 .666 28.40 1910 1911 1912 215 258 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 .544 23.19 .587 25.03 .603 25.71 8 plants. . . . 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 .617 26.33 .652 27.84 8 plants. . Rollers: 9 plants. 8 plants Rollers’ helpers or finishers: 6 plants Catchers: 9 plants. . . 1.4 .532 22.69 .558 23.79 1.4 17.6 29.5 49.0 1.0 2.4 13.3 38.4 27.1 17.6 "i.*2 .8 4.8 22.5 57.8 14.1 .9 5.5 11.9 65.8 16.0 5.0 7.3 58.4 26.9 1.9 2.3 2.3 3.7 92.1 .4 99.6 100.0 6.0 15.8 39.1 39.1 5.5 56.5 17.6 *20*4 16.7 16.7 51.2 15.5 I ; 5.4 18.9 58.1 17.6 1.4 15.8 50.0 32.9 .9 7.9 18.6 38.1 34.4 4.7 12.8 44.6 17.8 20.2 1.6 19.0 15.5 51.6 12.3 1.8 .5 8.1 17.6 58.6 14.0 5.0 14.9 51.4 28.4 307 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— SHEET MILLS. I . —AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS— Concluded. T able PER CENT—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. emplants. ploy- Matchers: 9 plants. 8 plants. Doublers: 9 plants. 8 plants... Sheet heaters: 9 plants... 8 plants. Sheet heaters’ helpers: 8 plants___ 7 plants. Shearmen: 7 plants. 6 plants___ S h e a r m e n ’s helpers: 6 plants___ Average full time hours per week. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver- Aver age full 12 14 16 18 20 25 rate time 30 40 50 60 of week and and and and and and and and and and 70 un un un un un un un un un un- cts. iy der der der der der der der der der ,der and per hour. eam- 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 42.7 $0.38'!7 $16. < ] 42.7 .418 ) 42.7 .429 1.9 2.0 1.2 8.6 37.6 51.9 3.9 42.7 33.3 18.0 1.6 25.3 60.6 11.2 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 .439 .462 I 1.4 1.8 15.1 68.9 12.8 .9 14.6 60.3 23.3 0.9 1910 1911 1912 210 252 246 42.7 42.7 42.7 .372 .401 .412 ) I 2.9 7.6 50.0 39.5 4.0 47.6 40.1 1.2 30.5 62.2 1912 1913 216 222 42.7 42.7 .423 .450 [ 1910 1911 1912 215 259 42.7 42.7 42.7 1912 1913 223 223 42.7 42.7 ) 1910 1911 1912 174 215 208 42.7 42.7 42.7 7 .377 .436 18. J ) .439 5.2 56.3 36.2 2.3 33.5 41.9 23.7 .5 32.7 47.1 19.2 1.0 .5 1912 1913 178 178 42.7 42.7 \ .511 38.2 38.2 22.5 1.1 15.2 33.7 34.8 11.2 5.i 1910 1911 1912 85 104 105 46.0 44.9 44. 1912 1913 95 .911 .949 .4 .4 1.4 20.8 70.8 6.5 .5 17.6 64.4 16.2 I I .4 2.7 96.9 4.5 95.5 r 1.0 12.9 2.9 4.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 45.1 45.2 .757 .801 ► 1....... 1....... 1910 1911 1912 77 46.4 44. 45.1 .261 .308 .290 1912 1913 67 70 45.5 45.3 .267 .267 11. £ 1910 1911 1912 138 167 180 46.0 45.2 45.8 .274 .275 1912 1913 170 168 46.0 45.4 .274 .279 1910 1911 50 49 70.8 71. .181 .172 56.0 28.0 16.0 77.6 8.2 14.3 5 plants. 1911 1912 58 39 71.2 71.7 .177 .186 65.5 6.9 27.6 51.3 15.4 33.3 4 plants. 1912 1913 33 30 72.4 70.0 .183 .202 60.6 18.2 21.2 20.0 23.3 56.7 1910 1911 1912 347 361 354 63.1 63.6 63.5 .164 .166 10.54 .169 8 plants....... 1912 1913 238 2C0 65.0 .168 .191 12.39 5 plants. Openers: 7 plants. 6 plants. Picklers: 4 plants. Laborers: 9 plants. 1.1 1.1 7.1 15.3 10.6 54.1 5.8 28.8 8.7 49.0 5.7 5.7 8.6 77.1 6.3 1.1 6.3 9.5 74.7 6.5 23.7 65.6 41.9 53.2 1.6 3.2 31.3 33.7 21.7 1.2 12.0 15.6 10.4 41.6 19.5 13.0 17.9 11.9 47.8 22.4 17.1 37.1 15.7 28.6 r 1.4 1.4 4.2 11.2 84.7 14.7 85.3 .4 14.2 85.4 ) .722 .768 8.3 5.7 1.4 1.2 4.4 87.7 3.6 85.6 1.8 32.2 38.9 12.2 7.2 .6 10.2 4.4 7.8 4.7 1.8 34.1 41.2 12.9 4.2 82.1 11.9 4.7 21.3 78.7 18.3 81.7 .6 99.4 .8 99.1 13.1 83.1 3.8 1 2.4 .6 ....... 308 T a b le BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. II.— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS. [All the plants reported are in the Pittsburgh district. The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUM BER. Occupation, and number of plants. Pair heaters: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Rollers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Rollers7helpers or finishers; 6 plants........................ Roughers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Catchers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants................ . Matchers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Doublers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Sheet heaters: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Sheet heaters’ helpers: 8 plants........................ 7 plants........................ Shearmen: 7 plants........................ 6 plants..................... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over 56 of Over Over Year. em time 48 48 60 72 and ploy hours 60 72 and and under and and 84 per ees. week. under. under 60 under under 56 72 84 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 42.7 42.7 42.7 210 255 249 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 219 219 1910 1911 1912 215 259 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 215 259 252 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 222 222 1912 1913 115 139 42.7 42.7 115 139 1910 1911 1912 215 255 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 215 255 252 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 222 222 1910 1911 1912 215 258 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 215 258 252 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 42.7 42.7 42.7 210 255 249 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 219 219 1910 1911 1912 210 252 246 42.7 42.7 42.7 210 252 246 1912 1913 216 222 42.7 42.7 216 222 1910 1911 1912 215 259 253 42.7 42.7 42.7 215 259 253 1912 1913 223 223 42.7 42.7 223 223 1910 1911 1912 174 215 208 42.7 42.7 42.7 174 215 208 1912 1913 178 178 42.7 42.7 178 178 1910 1911 1912 85 104 105 46.0 44.9 44.9 73 94 95 12 10 10 1912 1913 93 45.1 45.2 85 83 10 10 « WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— SHEET MILLS, T able 3 09 I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS— Continued. NUMBER—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Shearmen’s helpers 6 plants........... Num ber of Year. em ploy- Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over 56 Over Over time 48 72 48 60 hours and and 84 and 72 60 and and per under. under under under under week. 60 56 84 72 1910 1911 1912 62 83 77 46.4 44.9 45.1 1912 1913 67 70 45.5 45.3 62 1910 1911 1912 138 167 180 46.0 45.2 45.8 118 149 156 1912 1913 170 168 46.0 45.4 146 148 1910 1911 50 49 70.8 71.8 5 5 5 plants........... 1911 1912 58 39 71.2 71.7 5 5 4 plants........ 1912 1913 33 30 72.4 70.0 5 5 1910 1911 1912 347 361 354 63.1 63.6 63.5 223 191 192 1912 1913 238 260 63.8 65.0 131 108 5 plants........... Openers: 7 plants........... 6 plants........... Picklers: 4 plants........... Laborers: 9 plants........... 8 plants........... 10 PER CENT. Pair heaters: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Rollers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Rollers’ helpers or finishers 6 plants........................ Roughers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants........................ Catchers: 9 plants............ ........... 8 plants........................ Matchers: 9 plants........................ 8 plants..................... 1910 1911 1912 210 255 249 42.7 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 219 219 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 215 259 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 115 139 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 215 255 252 42.7 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 215 42.7 258 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 222 222 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 210 42.7 255 42.7 249 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 219 219 100.0 100.0 42.7 42.7 310 T able BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR. STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—SHEET MILLS— Concluded. PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Doublers: 9 plants................ Num ber of Year. em ploy- Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver age full Over 56 Over Over time 48 60 72 48 and hours and and 60 and 72 and 84 per under. under under under under week. 84 56 72 1910 1911 1912 210 252 246 42.7 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 216 222 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 215 259 253 42.7 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 223 223 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 174 215 208 42.7 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 1912 1913 178 178 42.7 42.7 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 1912 85 104 105 46.0 44.9 44.9 85.9 90.4 90.5 14.1 9.6 9.5 1912 1913 95 93 45.1 45.2 89.5 89.2 10.5 10.8 1910 1911 1912 62 83 77 46.4 44.9 45.1 83.9 90.4 16.1 9.6 10.4 1912 1913 67 70 45.5 45.3 18.1 11.9 11.4 1910 1911 1912 138 167 180 46.0 45.2 45.8 85.5 89.2 86.7 14.5 10.8 13.3 1912 1913 170 168 46.0 45.4 85.9 88.1 14.1 11.9 1910 1911 50 49 70.8 71.8 10.0 10.2 5 plants................ 1911 1912 58 39 71.2 71.7 8.6 12.8 4 plants................ 1912 1913 33 30 72.4 70.0 15.1 16.7 1910 1911 1912 347 361 354 63.1 63.6 63.5 1912 1913 238 260 63.8 65.0 8 plants................ Sheet heaters: 9 plants................ 8 plants................ Sheet heaters’ helpers: 8 plants................ 7 plants................ Shearmen: 7 plants................ 6 plants................ Shearmen’s helpers: 6 plants................ 5 plants................ Openers: 7 plants................ 6 plants................ Picklers: 4 plants................ Laborers: 9 plants................ 8 plants................ 0.6 1.1 15.5 15.4 90.0 81.6 8.2 69.0 56.4 6.9 15.4 66.7 83.3 18.2 3.5 3.6 3.1 64.3 52.9 54.2 12.7 24.9 25.7 15.9 15.5 15.3 4.6 7.7 55.0 41.5 15.1 18.4 22.7 32.3 2.6 1.9 1.1 1.7 TIN-PLATE MILLS. SUMMARY. Summary figures relating to the tin-plate-mill department of the iron and steel industry are given with figures for other departments in the introductory summary on pages 5 to 15. An explanation of the scope of the investigation and of the methods employed is given on pages 15 to 23. Briefly stated, in 1913 the average full-time weekly earnings of employees in the principal productive occupations in tin-plate mills were 17.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 5.4 per cent higher than in 1911, and 3.8 per cent higher than in 1912. The average full-time hours of labor per week in 1913 were the same as in 1910, 0.2 per cent higher than in 1911, and 0.4 per cent higher than in 1912. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour in 1913 was 17.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 5.3 per cent higher than in 1911, and 3.7 per cent higher than in 1912. The most significant facts concerning the several tin-plate-mill occu pations which are covered in this section of the report are summarized in the table following. Data are presented for the years 1910, 1911, 1912, and 1913, figures from identical plants being grouped together. The data for 1913 represents 2,778 tin-plate-mill employees in the 19 occupations covered, and were obtained from 6 plants, having 75 hot mills in operation. Referring to the first occupation— assorters, female— comparison can be made of data for four identical plants in 1910 and 1911, and for five identical plants in 1911, 1912, and 1913. The first line of the table is read as follows: In 1910, four tin-plate mills from which reports were obtained employed 101 assorters, female, whose aver age full-time hours of work were 49.7 per week. For 45.5 per cent the full-time hours per week were 48 and under; for 7.9 per cent, over 48 and under 56; and for 46.5 per cent, 56 and under 60. The average rate of wages or earnings per hour in the year considered (1910) was $0,128. Of the total number 92.1 per cent earned under 14 cents per hour, and the remaining 7.9 per cent 14 and under 16 cents per hour. The average full-time weekly earnings were $6.41. The other lines of the table may be read in the same manner. Referring to the last column of the table, it is seen that in four plants the average full-time weekly earnings of assorters, female, were $6.41. In 1911 for the same four plants the average had in creased to $6.97. In 1911 in five plants the average full-time 311 312 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. weekly earnings were $7.03, increasing in 1912 to $7.39 and in 1913 to $8.37. Comparing the average full-time weekly earnings for 1913 for the several occupations, it is seen that the lowest average was that of assorters, female, which was $8.37, and the highest that of rollers, which was $47.76. In thi table occupations are grouped according to the wages paid, beginning with the lowest-paid group, and the occupations in each group are presented in alphabetical order. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS P E R W E E K AND RATES OF W AGES PE R HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] Occupation, and number of plants. Num ber of Year. em ploy* Assorters, female: 4 plants............. 1910 1911 5 plants............. 1911 1912 1913 Branners: 2 plants............. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Laborers: 4 plants............. 1910 1911 5 plants........... 1911 1912 6 plants............. 1912 1913 Shearmen’s helpers: 2 plants............. 1910 1911 1912 Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Aver age age rate full Over 56 of time wages hours 48 48 and per and and un 60 Over per 60 hour. week. un un der der. der 56 Per cent of employees whose earnings per Aver hour were— age full time 14 16 18 Un and and and 20 week ly der un un un cts. earn 14 der der der and ings. cts. 16 18 20 over. cts. cts. cts. 101 112 49.7 45.5 50.2 41.1 7.9 46.5 8.0 50.9 $0.128 92.1 .138 92.0 7.9 2.7 120 127 120 50.7 38.3 51.4 37.0 51.5 35.0 7.5 54.2 3.9 i.l 5.0 60.0 .138 92.5 .145 .3 .163 2.5 5.0 7.03 3.1 7.39 2.5 *i.*7 8.37 11.52 11.50 11.51 13.20 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .170 .170 .170 .195 100.0 100.0 100.0 191 201 60.6 60.4 52.9 24.1 23.0 4.5 39.3 36.3 19.9 .165 .163 27.2 72.8 30.8 66.2 9.97 9.84 239 61.0 61.3 3.8 33.2 37. 25.2 .4 34.7 40.6 24.2 .164 .169 26.1 71.4 4.2 95. 10.01 10.37 276 61.6 61.1 30.1 42.8 27.3 33.2 33.5 33.2 .167 .190 24.1 80.0 20.0 25.8 74.2 75. .118 80.0 20.0 .118 96.8 3.2 .123 75.9 17.2 57.6 14.3 20.0 58.7 21.1 62.9 2.9 60.5 18.4 61.8 59.7 58.8 1911 1912 2 2 1910 1911 174 179 1911 1912 1913 191 193 190 100.0 9.1 90.9 2.5 13.0 84.5 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 10.32 11.63 7.31 7.02 7.18 6.9 .136 62.9 14.3 .165 31.6 28.9 18.4 Un der 20 cts. 6 plants........ 26.8 86.7 67.8 67.7 67.7 67.7 1913 Doublers’ helpers: 5 plants........ $6.41 6.97 12 20 16 17 3 plants............. 1912 Assorters, male: 1 plant......... 5.4 2.9 11.4 21.0 7.71 9.51 and 40 un cts. der and 40 over. cts. .275 100.0 50.0 50.0 14.44 15.13 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 .324 .353 34.5 65.5 100.0 13.82 15.05 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42. 7100.1.0 .351 .370 55.0 55.0 100.0 100.0 14.97 100.0 1.0 87.0 11.9 15.81 47.9 52.1 16.77 313 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— TIN-PLATE MILLS. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PE R HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF THE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Openers, male: 3 plants........... 5 plants .......... Openers, female: 2 plants............ Risers: 2 plants........... 3 plant.*?. . . r Screw boys: 5 plants........... 6 plants............ Num ber of Year em ploy ees. Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose earnings per whose full-time hours hour were— per week were— Aver Aver age age rate full Over 56 20 25 30 of time wages: Un and and and 40 hours 48 48 and[ per and and un 60 Over’ per der un un un cts. 60 hour. 20 der der der and week un un der cts. 25 30 40 over. der. der 60 cts. cts. cts. 56 Aver age full time week ly earn ings. 1910 1911 94 76 57.5 57.3 16.0 84.0 ....... 25.0 75.0 ....... 1911 1912 84 89 57.3 57.5 22.6 77.4 15.7 84.3 1912 1913 93 97 56.9 57.7 4 3 15.1 80.6 16.5 75.3 " *8.2 1910 1911 13 17 45.5 76 9 23.1 44.1 88 2 11.8 .244 .231 69.2 30.8 100.0 ....... 11.08 10.22 1911 1912 1913 15 18 11 42.7 100 0 42.7 100.0 60.0 100.0 ....... .230 .209 38.9 33.3 27.8 .198 45.5 54.5 9.81 8.93 11.89 1910 1911 34 39 44.1 88 2 11.8 45.0 84.6 5.1 io:3 .262 .279 50.0 29.4 20.6 46.2 15.4 38.5 11.51 12.51 1911 1912 1913 42 30 34 50.0 14.3 35.7 .275 .239 13.3 53.3 23.3 10.0 23.5 58.8 17.6 .279 12.30 11.98 12.59 1910 1911 174 186 44.8 85 7 4.8 9.5 50.1 40.0 60.0 45.1 100.0 ....... ....... 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 .308 1.7 14.9 16.7 66.7 3.2 18.8 77.4 .342 13.15 0.5 14.61 1911 1912 1913 198 221 218 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 ....... 42.7 100.0 .345 .352 ---.373 $0.221 20.2 79.8 .262 25. C 75.0 ....... $12.72 15.02 22.6 77.4 39.3 60.7 15.24 17.12 1.1 39.8 59.1 2.1 16,5 75.3 16.86 17.89 .266 .298 .296 .310 *6*2 100.0 ::::: Un der 30 cts. Catchers: 5 plants............. 1910 1911 3.0 17.7 78.8 .5 14.72 .5 19.0 38.9 41.6 15.03 .5 16.5 36.7 46.3 15.91 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and 60 un cts. der and 60 over. cts. 174 186 42.7 100. c 42.7 100.0 .427 19.5 22.4 4.6 53.4 .481 3.3 31.7 11.3 53.8 18.23 20.52 6 plants............. 1911 1912 1913 Heaters’ helpers: 4 plants............. 1910 1911 198 239 238 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 .487 3.0 29.8 10.6 56.6 .'403 5.8 33.1 54.0 5.4 .427 2.1 32.4 55.0 6.7 20.79 i.7 17.20 3.8 18.23 165 154 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 ....... 5 plants............. 1911 1912 1913 Roughers: * 5 plants............ 1910 1911 166 109 103 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 174 184 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 196 216 214 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 224 262 42.9 98.2 43.0 97.7 1.8 .8 *i.*5 ....... ....... .402 16.0 37.9 43.3 .439 .8 26.3 68.7 1.3 2.7 1.3 17.27 1.5 13.92 1911 1912 1913 283 294 296 43.0 97.9 43.4 93.9 42.9 100.0 .7 1.4 6.1 .429 .7 31.8 63.6 2.5 .444 2.0 38.8 24.1 33.3 .456 .3 9.5 83.8 5.1 1.4 18.48 1.7 19.28 1.4 19.57 6 plants............ Tinners: 4 plants............ 5 plants............ .348 100.0 .438 . . . . 59.7 ....... ---- ---- ....... ....... ___ 1.3 38.9 55.4 8.4 .436 75.2 10.1 .396 .425 * ’ 57.3 19.4 .425 34.5 56.9 43.5 .506 .507 .513 .553 14.84 18.71 36.1 14.7 23.3 18.60 16.92 18.15 8.6 56.5 18.14 21.60 40.8 59.1 21.63 .5 38.4 59.3 1.9 21.89 35.0 19.6 45.4 23.59 314 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS IN EACH OF TILE PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Num ber of Year. em ploy ees. Doublers: 5 plants............. 1910 1911 Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were— Aver Aver age age rate full time Over 56 of hours 48 wages 48 Over per and and and per un week. un un der 60 60 hour. der. der 60 56 Per cent of employees whose earnings per Averhour were— Un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. IUlltime 60 week and 70 ly un cts. earn der and ings. 70 over. cts. 174 193 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 ....... 6 plants............. 1911 1912 1913 Heaters: 5 plants............. 1910 1911 205 247 251 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 ....... 42.7 100.0 .706 .677 ___ .699 ___ 174 203 42.7 100.0 ....... 42.7 100.0 ....... .648 6.9 13.2 19.0 7.5 53.4 27.63 .709 . . . . 10.8 60.6 28.6 30.24 6 plants............. 1911 1912 1913 Redippers: 1 plant.............. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Rollers: 5 plants............. 1910 1911 215 314 312 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 ....... .714 .675 .679 14 17 10 13 46.2 71.4 28.6 47.2 70.6 5.9 55.0 100.0 46.6 ioo.’ o .570 ___ 14.3 50.0 35.7 . . . . . .619 5.9 35.3 52.9 5.9 .592 10.0 30.0 60.0 .622 *7.*7 7.7 15.4 46.2 23.1 174 189 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 6 plants............. 1911 1912 1913 Shearmen: 5 plants............. 1910 1911 201 229 231 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 6 plants............ 1911 1912 1913 $0,632 5.8 13.8 16.7 13.2 50.6 $26.97 .698 2.6 13.5 41.5 42.5 29.80 1.025 . . . . 1.103 1.109 1.097 : 1.119 2.4 12.7 39.0 45.9 30.13 5.7 26.7 11.3 56.3 28.90 4.0 10.0 25.5 60.6 29.81 ....... .6 10.2 57.2 32.6 30.47 23.6 57.6 18.8 28.78 9.3 61.9 28.8 28.99 .6 26.56 29.32 32.58 29.00 2.9 96.0 43.73 .5 99.5 47.05 .5 99.5 47.33 100.0 46. £2 100.0 47.76 58 61 52.7 53.4 12.1 53.1 50.8 11.5 34.5 37.7 .497 24.1 20.7 55.2 .548 6.6 41.0 3.3 49.2 65 72 73 52.8 53.8 10.8 51.8 59.7 9.7 51.9 58.9 9.6 35.4 30. G 31.5 28.72 .555 6.2 38.5 3.1 52.3 .573 16.7 25.0 15.3 4.2 38.*9 29.00 .606 11.0 28.8 2.7 16.4 41.1 30.66 25.68 28.50 To aid in making a comparison of the actual data for the four years which will give an accurate measure of the changes throughout the period, relative or index numbers have been computed from the aver ages of the preceding table for full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and full-time weekly earnings, for each occupation from 1910 to 1913, inclusive. Such figures appear in the table following. These relative or index numbers are simply percentages for which the data for 1913 are taken as the base, or 100 per cent. The rela tive for each year is the per cent which the average for that year is of the average for 1913. For example, the relative full-time weekly earnings of rollers in 1910 were 92.1 as compared with 100 in 1913; that is, the full-time weekly earnings of rollers in 1910 were 92.1 per cent of the full-time weekly earnings in this occupation in 1913. The method of computing the relative numbers is explained on pages 21 to 23. This table also shows for each occupation the per cent of increase or decrease in full-time hours per week, rates of wages per hour, and WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— TIN-PLATE MILLS. 315 full-time weekly earnings in 1913 as compared with each specified year preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of rollers in 1913 were 8.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 0.9 per cent higher than in 1911, and 2 per cent higher than in 1912. In other columns of the table is shown the per cent of change in each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus the full-time weekly earnings of rollers in 1911 were 7.6 per cent higher than in 1910, in 1912, 1.1 per cent lower than in 1911, and in 1913, 2 per cent higher than in 1912. The other occupations and items of the table can be studied in like manner. The percent ages of increase and decrease are computed from the relative numbers. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EA R S, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS—TIN-PLATE MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in Occupation and year. Rollers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Roughers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Catchers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Screw boys: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Doublers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Doublers’ helpers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Heaters: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Weekly earnings. Rela tive rate of Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - per hour. Relar Each tive Each full 1913 as speci speci 1913 as time fied fied com com year weekly pared year pared as as earn with with com com ings. each each pared pared speci with speci with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 92.1 99.1 98.0 100.0 + 8.6 + •9 + 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 77.0 91.7 92.8 100.0 +29.9 + 9.1 + 7.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 101.2 114.1 94.4 100.0 - 1.2 -1 2 .4 + 5.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 83.3 92.5 94.4 100.0 +20.0 + 8.1 + 5.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 91.4 101.0 96.9 100.0 + 9.4 - 1.0 + 3.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.0 89.3 94.1 100.0 +22.0 +12.0 + 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.1 105.2 99.4 100.0 + 4.1 - 4.9 + .6 Rela tive full time hours per week. Each 1913 as speci fied com year pared as with com each pared speci with fied year year. pre ceding. i No change. + 7.6 -1 .1 + 2.0 92.1 99.1 98.0 100.0 + 8.6 + •9 + 2.0 +19.1 + 1.2 + 7.8 77.0 91.7 92.8 100.0 +29.9 + 9.1 + 7.8 +12.7 -1 7 .3 + 5.9 101.3 114.0 94.3 100.0 - 1.3 -1 2 .3 + 6.0 +11.0 + 2.1 + 5.9 83.3 92.5 94.5 100.0 +20.0 + 8.1 + 5.8 +10.5 -4 .1 + 3.2 91.5 101.1 96.9 100.0 + 9.3 -1 .1 + 3.2 + 8.9 + 5.4 + 6.3 94.3 100.0 + 9.5 - 5.5' + .6 96.0 105.1 99.3 100.0 +22.0 +12.0 + 6.0 + 4.2 - 4.9 + .7 + 7.6 - 1.1 + 2.0 +19.1 + 1.2 + 7.8 +12.5 -1 7.3 + 6.0 +11.0 + 2.2 + 5.8 +10.5 - 4.2 + 3.2 + 8.9 + 5.6 + 6.0 + 9.5 - 5.5 + .7 316 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W EEK, RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W E E K L Y EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED YEARS, B Y PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS — TIN-PLATE MILLS—Concluded. Wages per hour. Hours per week. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease (—) in - Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in— Occupation and year. Heaters’ helpers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Shearmen: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Shearmen’s helpers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Openers, male: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Openers, female: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Tinners: 191 0 191 1 191 2 1913................... Redippers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Risers: 191 0 191 1 191 2 1913................... Branners: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Assorters, male.2 Assorters, female: 191 0 191 1 191 2 191 3 Laborers: 191 0 191..................... 1 191..................... 2 191..................... 3 Rela tive full time hours per week. Each 1913 as speci fied com year pared as with com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. 101.0 101.7 99.8 100.0 - 1.0 -1 .7 + -2 103.1 99.6 98.1 100.0 - 3.0 + •4 + 1.9 98.6 98.3 98.6 100.0 + 1.4 + 1.7 + 1.4 73.4 71.2 71.2 100.0 +36.2 +40.4 +40.4 100.0 100.2 101.2 100.0 - 99.1 101.3 118.0 100.0 + .9 - 1.3 -1 5 .3 97.3 99.3 111.1 100.0 + 2.8 + •7 -1 0 .0 100.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 97.5 98.4 99.8 100.0 + 2.6 + 1.6 + .2 100.7 100.3 100.8 100.0 - 1.2 .7 .3 per hour. + 0.7 -1 .9 + .2 83.1 91.6 94.6 100.0 +20.3 + 9.2 + 5.7 - 3.4 - 1.5 + 1.9 79.1 79.1 82.4 100.0 +26.4 +26.4 +21.4 - .3 + .3 + 1.4 71.9 85.2 95.5 100.0 +39.1 + 17.4 + 4.7 - 3.0 0) +40.4 122.7 116.2 105.6 100.0 -1 8 .5 -1 3 .9 - 5.3 + .2 + 1.0 - 1.2 86.1 94.1 97.4 100.0 + 16.1 + 6.3 + 2.7 + 2.2 +16.5 -1 5.3 91.6 99.5 95.2 100.0 + 9.2 + .5 + 5.0 + 2.1 +11.9 -1 0 .0 92.6 98.6 85.7 100.0 + 8.0 + 1.4 +16.7 If 87.2 87.2 87.2 100..0 +14.7 +14.7 + 14.7 + .9 + 1.4 + .2 78.5 84.7 89.0 100.0 +27.4 +18.1 +12.4 + 86.3 85.3 87.9 100.0 +15.9 +17.2 +13.8 .4 .5 Per cent of in crease ( + ) or decrease (—) in - Rela Each tive Each speci full 1913 as speci 1913 as fied time fied com com year weekly pared year pared as as earn with with com ings. com each each speci pared speci pared with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. +22.7 -2 .5 + 7.3 .1 b) Rela tive rate of 81.5 102.6 93.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Weekly earnings. +25.9 - 9.2 + 7.3 81.3 102.5 93.2 100.0 +23.0 - 2.4 + 7.3 + 10.2 + 3.3 + 5.7 84.4 93.7 94.6 100.0 +18.5 + 6.7 + 5.7 0) + 4.2 +21.4 82.5 79.3 81.1 100.0 +21.2 +26.1 +23.3 + 18.5 + 12.1 + 4.7 71.0 83.9 94.2 100.0 +40.8 + 19.2 + 6.2 - 5.3 -9 .1 - 5.3 89.4 82.5 75.1 100.0 +11.9 +21.2 +33.2 + 9.3 + 3.5 + 2.7 86.2 94.4 98.5 100.0 +16.0 + 5.9 + 1.5 + 8.6 - 4.3 + 5.0 91.6 101.1 112.3 100.0 + 9.2 -1 .1 -1 1 .0 + 6.5 -1 3.1 +16.7 97.7 95.2 100.0 +14.7 8 87.3 87.1 87.2 100.0 +14.5 +14.8 +14.7 + 7.9 + 5.1 +12.4 77.2 84.0 88.3 100.0 +29.5 +19.0 +13.3 - 1.2 + 3.0 +13.8 86.8 85.7 88.7 100.0 +15.2 +16.7 +12.7 +11.2 + 2.4 + 5.0 +26.1 - 9.1 + 7.3 +11.0 + 1.0 + 5.7 - 3.9 + 2.3 +23.3 + 18.2 +12.3 + 6.2 - 7.7 - 9.0 +33.2 + 9.5 + 4.3 + 1.5 +10.4 + 11.1 -1 1 .0 + 8.7 - 2.6 + 5.0 .2 + •1 +14.7 + 8.8 + 5.1 +13.3 - 1.3 + 3.5 +12.7 1No change. 2 None employed in 1913 by establishments reporting. Hence no relatives could be computed for 1910,1911, and 1912. WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— TIN-PLATE MILLS. 3 17 A similar table of relative numbers and percentages is next shown for the tin-plate-mill department as a whole, as determined by a com bination of the data for the several principal productive occupations which are covered by this section of the report. The method of computing the figures of this table is explained on page 23. From this table, under 11weekly earnings,” it is seen that the relative full-time weekly earnings of the department as a whole in 1910 were 85 as compared with 100 in 1913. In other words, the full-time weekly earnings in 1910 were 85 per cent of such earnings in 1913. The relative increased to 94.9 in 1911, to 96.3 in 1912, and in 1913, the base year, the relative is 100. The next column shows that full-time weekly earnings in 1913 were 17.6 per cent higher than in 1910, 5.4 per cent higher than in 1911, and 3.8 per cent higher than in 1912. The third column under “ weekly earnings” shows the per cent of increase* or decrease in full-time weekly earnings each year as compared with the year immediately preceding. Thus, the full-time weekly earnings in 1911 were 11.6 per cent higher than in 1910; in 1912, 1.5 per cent higher than in 1911; and in 1913, 3.8 per cent higher than in 1912. The relative numbers and percentages for full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour can be read in like manner. RELATIVE FULL-TIME HOURS PER W E E K , RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND FULL TIME W EE K LY EARNINGS, 1910 TO 1913, TOGETHER W ITH PER CENT OF INCREASE OR DECREASE IN SPECIFIED Y EARS, A LL OCCUPATIONS—TIN-PLATE MILLS. Hours per week. Wages per hour. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) Year. 1910 1911 1912 1913 Rela tive full time hours per week. 100.0 99.8 99.6 100.0 Each 1913 as speci fied com year pared as with com each speci pared with fied year year. pre ceding. •S. + .4 - 0 .2 - .2 + .4 Weekly earnings. Per cent of in crease (+ ) or decrease ( —) Rela tive rate of per hour. 85.0 95.0 96.4 100.0 Per cent of in crease (-f) or decrease ( —) in - Rela Each tive Each speci full as speci 1913 as fied time 1913 fied com com year weekly pared year pared as earn as with with com ings. com each each pared speci pared speci with with fied fied year year year. year. pre pre ceding. ceding. +17.6 + 5.3 + 3.7 +11.8 + 1.5 + 3.7 85.0 94.9 96.3 100.0 +17.6 + 5.4 + 3.8 +11.6 + 1.5 + 3.8 i No change. In considering weekly earnings it should be remembered that a reduction of hours tends to reduce weekly earnings, just as an increase in wages per hour, of course, tends to increase them. Still another influence on average weekly earnings for the department must be con sidered; that is, the change in the relative number of employees in 318 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. the several occupations from year to year. It is obvious that an increase in the relative number of employees in the lower-paid occu pations or a decrease in the relative number of those in the higherpaid ones would tend to lower the average rate and earnings for all occupations, just as an increase in the relative number of employees in the higher-paid occupations or a decrease in the relative number in the lower-paid ones would tend to increase the average. FULL-TIME WORKING DAYS PER WEEK. The number and per cent of employees in the principal productive occupations in tin-plate-mill plants whose customary working time per week was 5 days or turns, or 6 days, or 7 days, or variations thereof, are shown in the following table. It will be noticed that the customary working time of nearly 80 per cent of the employees in this department was u5 days, 5 days, and 6 days in rotation.” In all of the plants covered the regular turn employees were divided into three crews, each working 8 hours per turn, 5 turns per week, Monday to Friday, inclusive, with one crew working an extra turn Saturday morning. Each crew advances one turn each week, thus giving each crew the extra Saturday turn every third week. All of the tin-plate-mill plants from which reports were obtained are in the Pittsburgh district. NUMBER AND PER CENT OF EMPLOYEES WORKING EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS PER W EE K , B Y Y E A R S, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS. [The figures for each group of years are for identical plants.] NUMBER. Employees whose customary working time per week was— Number of plants. Em Year. ploy ees. days, 5 days, 5 days 5 6 days days, 6 days, and 5and 6 and 6 6 days. 7and 5 days. 6 days days in days 7 days. days in alter alter rota nately. rota nately. tion. tion. Five plants................................ 1910 1911 2,149 2,310 2 2 12 11 1,702 1,839 433 457 Six plants.................................. 1911 1912 2,487 2,694 2 11 41 1,959 2,128 514 525 Six plants ................................ 1912 1913 2,739 2,778 48 16 2,132 2,095 54 552 611 1 1 7 2 PER CENT. Five p lants.............................. 1910 1911 2,149 2,310 0.1 .1 0.6 .5 79.2 79.6 20.1 19.8 Six plants................................. 1911 1912 2,487 2,694 .1 .4 1.5 78.8 79.0 20.7 19.5 Six plants................................. 1912 1913 2,739 2.778 1.8 .6 77.8 75.4 i Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. 1.9 20.2 22.0 0) 0) 0.3 0.1 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— TIN-PLATE MILLS. 319 In addition to the text tables in the summary, two general tables are presented for the tin-plate-mill department, as follows: Table I.—Average full-time weekly earnings and average and classified rates of wages per hour, by years, 1910 to 1913. Table II.— Average and classified full-time hours per week, by years, 1910 to 1913. In Tables I and II, in addition to actual data, percentages com puted therefrom are given. The data from these two tables are summarized in the text table on pages 312 to 314. The order in which the occupations are given in Tables I and II, and in the table of relative numbers, follows that of the processes of manufacture. “ Identical plants,” as used in the tables of this report, are identical units of identical establishments, reporting the same occupations in each of two or more consecutive years. For a more extended expla nation see page 17. Descriptions of the occupations which appear in the tables of this report were given in Bulletin No. 151 of this Bureau, but have been omitted from the present report. 320 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS. T able I . — [AH the plants reported are in the Pittsburgh district. The figures for each group of years are for identi cal plants.] NUMBER. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. Rollers: 5 plants....... 1910. 1911 Aver age full time hours per week. Aver age rate of wages per hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 1 50 and un der 60 cts. 1 174 189 42.7 $1,025 $43.73 42.7 1.103 47.05 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Roughers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 201 229 231 42.7 1.109 47.33 42.7 1.097 46.82 42.7 1.119 47.76 174 184 42.7 42.7 .425 18.14 .506 21.60 60 99 15 80 104 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Catchers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 196 216 214 42.7 42.7 42.7 .507 21.63 .513 21.89 .553 23.59 1 80 116 83 128 75 42 174 186 42.7 42.7 .427 18.23 .481 20.52 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Screw boys: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 198 239 238 42.7 42.7 42.7 .487 20.79 .403 17.20 .427 18.23 174 186 42.7 42.7 .308 13.15 .342 14.61 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Doublers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 198 221 218 42.7 42.7 42.7 174 193 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Doublers’ help ers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Heaters: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Heaters’ helpers: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 5 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Shearmen: 5 p lants.... 1910 1911 6 plants...... 1911 1912 1913 1 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 5 1 167 188 1 200 229 231 4 96 1 4 8 1 9 2 22 4 39 59 8 93 21 100 2 6 4 8 5 59 79 77 21 112 129 13 131 16 26 6 29 35 116 144 1 .345 14.72 .352 15.03 .373 15.91 6 1 1 35 42 36 156 86 80 1 92 101 42.7 42.7 .632 26.97 .698 29.80 1 1 8 24 5 29 26 23 80 88 82 205 247 251 42.7 42.7 42.7 .706 30.13 .677 28.90 .699 29.81 5 14 10 26 66 25 80 28 64 94 139 152 174 179 42.7 42.7 .324 13.82 .353 15.05 60 114 179 191 193 190 42.7 42.7 42.7 .351 14.97 .370 15.81 .393 16.77 2 191 168 91 23 99 174 203 42.7 42.7 .648 27.63 .709 30.24 1 10 23 33 13 22 123 93 58 215 314 312 42.7 42.7 42.7 .714 30.47 .675 28.78 .679 28.99 22 123 74 181 29 193 70 59 90 165 154 42.7 42.7 .348 14.84 .438 18.71 165 92 2 60 14 11 20 60 16 24 1 2 2 1 166 109 103 42.7 42.7 42.7 .436 18.60 .396 16.92 .425 18.15 92 82 59 58 61 52.7 53.1 .497 25.68 .548 28.50 14 4 12 25 32 2 30 65 52.8 72 51.8 73 51.9 .555 28.72 .573 29.00 .606 30.66 4 12 8 25 18 21 2 11 2 34 3 12 .......!........ 28 30 321 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— TIN-PLATE MILLS. I .—AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS—Continued. T able NUMBER—Continued. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. em plants. ploy ees. ““ "* S h e a r m e n ’s helpers: 2 plants... . 1910 1911 1912 Aver- Aver age S rate time of hours wages per per week. hour. Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 25 31 29 61.8 $0,118 $7.31 i 20 59.7 .118 7.02 2 30 58.8 .123 7.18 3 22 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 5 1 5 2 5 11 3 7 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 4 .7 19 75 19 57 .266 15.24 .298 17.12 19 65 35 54 56.9 57.7 .296 16.86 .310 17.89 1 2 37 16 55 73 13 17 45.5 44.1 .244 11.08 .231 10.22 9 17 4 15 18 11 42.7 42.7 60.0 .230 9.81 .209 8.93 .198 11.89 15 6 6 5 224 262 42.9 43.0 .402 17.27 .439 18.92 5 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Redippers: 1 plant......... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Risers: 2 plants....... 1910 1911 283 294 296 43.0 43.4 42.9 .429 18.48 .444 19.28 .456 19.57 14 17 10 13 46.2 47.2 55.0 46.6 .570 .619 .592 .622 34 39 44.1 45.0 .262 11.51 .279 12.51 3 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Branners: 2 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1913 Assorters, male: 1 plant.____ 1911 1912 Assorters, fe male: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 42 30 34 44.8 50.1 45.1 .275 12.30 .239 11.98 .279 12.59 12 20 16 17 67.8 67.7 67.7 67.7 .170 .170 .170 .195 2 2 55.0 55.0 .263 14.44 .275 15.13 101 112 49.7 50.2 .128 .138 35 38 57.6 58.7 .136 .165 94 76 57.5 57.3 .221 12.72 .262 15.02 4 plants....... 1911 1912 84 89 57.3 57.5 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Openers, female: 2 plants....... 1910 1911 93 97 1 plant......... 1911 1912 1913 Tinners: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 5 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 120 50.7 127 51.4 120 51.5 7.71 3 22 9.51 12 2 4 7 % 3 3 33 2 26.56 29.32 32.58 29.00 .138 .145 .163 6.41 4 93 6.97 5 103 7.03 ®111 7.39 88 8.37 «10 3 7 3 4 7 90 180 114 71 98 28 248 15 4 5 4 85 69 1 4 17 18 10 6 7 15 21 16 8 6 7 20 15 3 6 2 1 6 4 3 2 1 Including 13 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 14 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 10 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 4 Including 17 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 8 Including 5 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 6 Including 4 employees earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 83021°— Bull. 1 6 8 -1 5 - -21 7 6 3 2 5 9 6 6 | 1 6 34 104 2 1 1 1 i !-: • f 17 8 3 97 180 ! 12 20 16 3 1 1 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1 2 6 1 11.52 11.50 11.51 13.20 50 and un der 60 cts. i . . 1 3 plants....... 1912 1913 Openers, male: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 40 and un der 50 cts. j 1 1 3 322 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUREAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I . — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 T O 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS— Continued. T able NUMBER—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. emplants. ploy- Laborers: 4 plants 1910 1911 5 plants 1911 1912 6 plants 1912 1913 Average full time hours per week. $0,165 $9.97 .163 9.84 133. 61.0 61.3 .164 10.01 .169 10.37 1701. 61.6 61.1 .167 10.32 .190 11.63: i I 191 201 276 322 Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver Average rate time 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 of week and and and and and and and and and and 70 un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly per der der der der der der der der der der and hour. earn 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. 25 251 . 42 272 i PER CEN T. Rollers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 174 189 42.7 $1,025 $43.73 42.7 1.103 47.05 0.6 0.6 2.9 96.0 .5 99.5 201 229 231 42.7 1.109 47.33 42.7 1.097 46.82 42.7 1.119 47.76 .5 99.5 100.0 100.0 174 184 42.7 42.7 .425 18.14 .506 21.60 196 216 214 42.7 42.7 42.7 .507 21.63 .513 21.89 .553 23.59 174 186 42.7 42.7 .427 18.23 ....... ---.481 20.52 198 239 238 42.7 42.7 42.7 .487 20.79 .403 17.20 .427 18.23 174 186 42.7 42.7 .308 13.15 .342 14.61 1911 1912 1913 198 221 218 42.7 42.7 42.7 .345 14.72 .352 15.03 .373 15.91 Doublers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 174 193 42.7 42.7 .632 26.97 .698 29.80 205 247 251 42.7 42.7 42.7 .706 30.13 .677 28.90 .699 29.81 174 179 42.7 42.7 .324 13.82 .353 15.05 191 193 190 42.7 42.7 42.7 .351 14.97 .370 15.81 .393 16.77 174 203 42.7 42.7 .648 27.63 .709 30.24 215 314 312 42.7 42.7 42.7 .714 30.47 .675 28.78 .679 28.99 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Roughers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 6 plants. .. 1911 1912 1913 Catchers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Screw boys: 5 plants___ 1910 1911 6 plants. . . . 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Doublers' help ers: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 6 plants___ 1911 1912 1913 Heaters: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 34.5 56.9 8.6 43.5 56.5 40.8 59.1 .5 38.4159.3 1.9 35.0:19.6 44.9 0.6 1.1 .5 5.2 12.6 22.4 4.6 53.4 1.1 2.2 31.7 11.3 53.8 1.0 2.5 2.0 29.8 10.6^56.6 3.3 33.1 54.0 5.4 i.7 . . . . . 2.1 32.4 55.0 6.7 3.4 .6 1.1 14.9 16.7 66.7 3.2 18.8 77.4 .5 3.0 17.7 78.8 .5 .5 19.0 38.9 41.6 .5 16.5 36.7 46.3 .6 .6 4.6 13.8 16.7 13.2 50.6 2.6 13.5 41.5 42.5 2.4 12.7 39.0 45.9 5.7 26.7 11.3 56.3 4.0 10.0 25.5 60.6 34.5 65.5 100.0 100.0 1.0 87.0 11.9 47.9 52.1 . . . . ....... . . . . .6 .6 5.7 13.2 19.0 7.5 53.4 1ft. Kfift fi 28.6 10.2^57.2 32.6 ....... . . . . ....... ....... ....... ....... 23.6 57.6 18.8 9.361.9 28.8 W A G E S A N D H O U R S OF L A B O R — T I N -P L A T E 323 M IL L S . AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS—Continued. T able I . — PER CENT—-Continued. Aver Num Aver age age ber fuUrate Occupation, of and number of Year. em time of wages hours plants. ploy per per ees. week. hour. Heaters’ help ers: 4 plants----- Aver age full time week ly earn ings. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. 12 and un der 14 cts. 14 and un der 16 cts. 16 and un der 18 cts. 18 and un der 20 cts. 20 and un der 25 cts. 25 and un der 30 cts. 30 and un der 40 cts. 40 and un der 50 cts. 50 and un der 60 cts. 60 and 70 un cts. der and 70 over. cts. 1.3 38.9 i i .436 18.60 .396 16.92 .425 18.15 55.4 8.4 36.1 75.2 10.1 14.7 57.3 19.4 23.3 1 1 i 52.7 53.1 .497 25.68 .548 28.50 24.1 20.7 55.2 6.6 41.0 3.3 49.2 65 72 73 52.8 51.8 51.9 .555 28.72 .573 29.00 .606 30.66 6.2 38.5 3.1 52.3 16.7 25.0 15.3 4.2 *38*9 11.0 28.8 2.7 16.4 41.1 25 31 29 61.8 59.7 58.8 .118 .118 .123 7.31 180.0 20.0 7.02 296.8 3.2 7.18 875.9 17.2 3 plants....... 1912 1913 Openers, male: 3 plants....... 1910 1911 35 38 57.6 58.7 .136 .165 7.71 462.9 14.3 8.6 2.9 11.4 18.4 9.51 31.6 28.9 18.4 94 76 57.5 57.3 .221 12.72 .262 15.02 4 plants....... 1911 1912 84 89 57.3 57.5 .266 15.24 .298 17.12 5 plants....... 1912 1913 Openers, female: 2 plants....... 1910 1911 93 97 56.9 57.7 .296 16.86 .310 17.89 13 17 45.5 44.1 .244 11.08 .231 10.22 1911 1912 1913 15 18 11 42.7 42.7 60.0 .230 9.81 .209 8.93 38.9 .198 11.89 Tinners: 4 plants....... 1910 1911 224 262 42.9 43.0 .402 17.27 .439 18.92 5 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Redippers: 1 plant........ 1910 1911 1912 1913 Risers: 2 plants....... 1910 1911 283 294 296 43.0 43.4 42.9 .429 18.48 .444 19.28 .456 19.57 14 17 10 13 46.2 47.2 55.0 46.6 .570 .619 .592 .622 34 39 44.1 45.0 .262 11.51 .279 12.51 50.0 29.4 20.6 46.2 15.4 38.5 3 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 42 30 34 44.8 50.1 45.1 .275 12.30 .239 11.98 .279 12.59 50.0 14.3 35.7 13.3 53.3 23.3 10.0 23.5 58.8 17.6 1911 1912 1913 12 20 16 17 67. S 67.7 67.7 67.7 .170 .170 .170 .195 1910 1911 165 154 42.7 $0,348 $14.84 42.7 .438 18,71 5 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 166 109 103 42.7 42.7 42.7 Shearmen: 5 plants....... 1910 1911 58 61 6 plants....... 1911 1912 1913 Shearmen’ s helpers: 2 plants....... 1910 1911 1912 1 plant........ Branners: 2 plants...... 1910 100.0 59.7 6.9 2.6 20.2 79.8 25.0 75.0 22.6 77.4 39.3 60.7 2.1 4.1 1.1 39.8 59.1 2.1 16.5 75.3 69.2 30.8 100.0 100.0 33.3 27.8 18.2 27.3 54.5 1.3 14.7 37.9 43.3 1.3 1.3 .8 26.3 68.7 2.7 1.5 ---- ....... . . . . . 7 31.8 63.6 2.5 1.4 ....... 2.0 38.8 24.1 33.3 1.7 .3 9.5 83.8 5.1 1.4 14.3 50.0 35.7 26.56 29.32 5.9 35.3 62.9 5.9 10.0 30.0 60.0 32.58 ....... . . . . ....... . . . . ....... ....... **7.7 7.7 15.4 46.2 23.1 29.00 11.52 11.50 11.51 13.20 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ....... ....... . . . . . . . . ....... 1 Including 52.0 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 2 Including 45.2 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 8 Including 34.5 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. <Including 28.6 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. | 324 B U L L E T IN OF T H E BUEEAU OF L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S . I — AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS AND AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS—Concluded. T a b le PER CENT—Concluded. Num ber Occupation, of and number of Year. emplants. ploy- Assorters, male: 1 plant....... Assorters, female: 4 plants.__ Average full time hours per week. Employees earning each classified rate of wages per hour. Aver- Aver age full rate time 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 of week and and and and and and and and and and 70 un un un un un un un un un un cts. ly der der der der der der der der der der and per 14 16 18 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 over. hour. earn ings. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts. cts, 55.0 $0,263 $14.44 55.0 .275 15.13 1911 1912 100.0 50.0 50.0 1910 1911 101 112 49.7 50.2 .128 6.41 ‘ 92.1 6.97 292.0 5.4 1911 1912 1913 120 127 120 50.7 51.4 51.5 .138 .145 .163 7.03 392.5 2.5 7.39 69.3 26.8 8.37 48.3 86.7 'i.*7 1910 1911 191 201 60.6 60.4 .165 .163 9.97 9.84 5 plants___ 1911 1912 238 61.0 61.3 .164 10.01 10.37 6 plants.... 1912 1913 276 322 61.6 61.1 .167 10.32 .190 11.63 5 plants___ Laborers: 4 plants.__ 5.0 27.2 72.8 3.0 30.8 66.2 2.5 71.4 95.8 90.9 13.0 84.5 i Including 16.8 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 4.5 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. * Including 4.2 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 4 Including 3.3 per cent earning 10 and under 12 cents per hour. 325 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— TIN-PLATE MILLS. T able I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS. NUMBER. Occupation, and number of plants. Rollers: 5 plants............ 6 plants............ Roughers: 5 plants............ 6 plants............ Catchers: 5 plants............ 6 plants............ Screw boys: 5 plants............ 6 plants............ Doublers: 5 plants............ 6 plants............ Doublers’ helpers: 5 plants............ 6 plants........... Heaters: 5 plants........... . 6 plants........... ^Heaters’ helpers: 4 plants........... 5 plants........... Shearmen: 5 plants........... 6 plants........... Shearmen’s helpers 2 plants........... 3 plants........... Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Averber Over of Over time 48 Over 56 Year. em 18 and 60 72 hours and 72 and and 84 ploy* per un and under 60 under under under week. der. 60 »6 72 84 1910 1911 174 42.7 42.7 174 189 1911 1912 1913 201 229 231 42.7 42.7 42.7 201 229 231‘ 1910 1911 174 184 42.7 42.7 174 184 1911 1912 1913 196 216 214 42.7 42.7 42.7 196 216 214 1910 1911 174 186 42.7 42.7 174 186 1911 1912 1913 198 42.7 239 42.7 238 42.7 239 238 1910 1911 174 186 42.7 42.7 174 186 1911 1912 1913 198 42.7 221 42.7 218 42.7 198 221 218 1910 1911 174 193 42.7 42.7 174 193 1911 1912 1913 205 247 251 42.7 42.7 42.7 205 247 251 1910 1911 174 179 42.7 42.7 174 179 1911 1912 1913 191 193 190 42.7 42.7 42.7 191 193 190 1910 1911 174 203 42.7 42.7 174 1911 1912 1913 215 314 312 42.7 42.7 42.7 215 314 312 1910 1911 165 154 42.7 42.7 165 154 1911 1912 1913 166 42.7 109 42.7 103 42.7 166 109 103 1910 1911 58 61 52.7 53.1 31 31 1911 1912 1913 65 72 73 52.8 51.8 51.9 35 43 1910 1911 1912 25 31 29 61.8 59.7 58.8 1912 1913 35 38 57.6 58.7 7 20 23 7 7 7 23 22 23 8 7 7 20 23 22 22 23 5 7 1 326 T able BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . —AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS— Continued. NUMBER—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Openers, male: 3 plants----- Employees whose full-time hours per week were— AverNum ber Over Over of Year. em48 Over time 56 48 72 60 hours and and 84 and and 60 72 pi°y- per un and under under under under week. der. 60 56 72 84 1910 1911 57.5 57.3 15 19 79 57 19 14 65 75 75 73 4 plants. 1911 1912 84 57.3 57.5 5 plants. 1912 1913 93 97 56.9 57.7 4 14 16 1910 1911 13 17 45.5 44.1 10 15 3 2 1911 1912 1913 15 18 11 42.7 42.7 60.0 15 18 1910 1911 224 262 42.9 43.0 220 256 4 2 4 1911 1912 1913 277 276 296 2 18 4 294 296 43.0 43.4 42.9 1910 1911 1912 1913 14 17 10 13 46.2 47.2 55.0 46.6 10 12 4 1 10 4 1910 1911 34 39 44.1 45.0 30 33 4 . 2 4 1911 1912 1913 42 30 34 44.8 50.1 45.1 36 12 34 2 18 4 1910 1911 1912 1913 12 20 16 17 67.8 67.7 67.7 67.7 1911 1912 2 2 55.0 55.0 1910 1911 101 112 49.7 50.2 46 46 8 9 47 57 1911 1912 1913 120 50.7 127 51.4 120 51.5 46 47 42 9 5 6 65 75 72 1910 1911 191 201 10.4 9 101 79 46 73 44 38 2 5 plants. 1911 1912 238 61.0 61.3 9 1 79 83 90 97 58 56 2 1 1 6 plants. 1912 1913 276 322 61.6 61.1 83 107 118 108 70 103 1 1 3 3 Openers, female: 2 plants......... 1 plant. Tinners: 4 5 plants. Redippers: 1 plant. Risers: 2 plants. 3 plants. Branners: 2 plants. Assorters, male: 1 plant......... Assorters, female: 4 plants......... o plants. Laborers: 4 plants. i3 6 plants.................................... 11 12 20 16 17 2 2 PER CENT. Rollers: 5 plants.................................... 8 1910 1911 174 189 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 201 229 231 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR— TIN-PLATE MILLS. T able 327 I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, BY YEARS, 1910 TO 1913—TIN-PLATE MILLS— Continued. PER CENT—Continued. Occupation, and number of plants. Roughers: 5 plants.. Employees whose full-time hours per week wereNum Average ber full of Over Over Year. emtime 48 Over 56 48 60 72 and and and 72 84 ploy- hours 60 and and per un under under under week. der. under 60 72 56 84 1910 1911 174 184 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 196 216 214 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 174 186 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 198 239 238 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 174 186 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 198 221 218 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 174 193 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 205 247 251 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 174 179 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 191 193 190 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 174 203 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 215 314 312 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 165 154 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1911 1912 1913 166 109 103 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 42.7 100.0 1910 1911 58 61 52.7 53.1 53.4 50.8 12.1 11.5 1911 1912 1913 65 72 73 52.8 51.8 51.9 53.8 59.7 58.9 10.8 9.7 9.6 1910 1911 1912 25 31 29 61.8 59.7 58.8 1912 1913 35 38 57.6 58.7 1910 1911 94 76 57.5 57.3 16.0 25.0 84.0 75.0 4 plants.. 1911 1912 84 89 57.3 57.5 22.6 15.7 77.4 84.3 5 plants.. 1912 1913 93 97 56.9 57.7 15.1 16.5 80.6 75.3 6 plants.. Catchers: 5 plants.. 6 plants.. Screw boys: 5 plants.. 6 plants.. Doublers: 5 plants.. 6 plants.. Doublers’ helpers: 5 plants........... 6 plants.. Heaters: 5 plants.. 6 plants.. Heaters’ helpers: 4 plants........ 5 plants.. Shearmen: 5 plants.. 6 plants.. Shearmen’s helpers: 2 plants............. 3 plants.. Openers, male: 3 plants...... 24.1 14.3 21.1 4.3 34.5 37.7 ......... ......... ......... ........ 35.4 30.6 31.5 25.8 20.0 80.0 74.2 75.9 62.9 60.5 8.2 20.0 18.4 2.9 328 T a b le BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. I I . — AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER AVEEK, B Y YEARS, 1910 TO 1913— TIN-PLATE MILLS— Concluded. PER CENT—Concluded. Occupation, and number of plants. Openers, female: 2 plants......... 1 plant. Tinners: 4 plants. 5 plants. Redippers: 1 plant. Risers: 2 plants.. 3 plants.. Branners: 2 plants. Assorters, male: 1 plant............ Assorters, female: 4 plants........... 5 plants........... Laborers: Employees whose full-time hours per week were— Num Aver age ber full Over Over of time 48 Over 56 Year. em 72 60 48 and and and 84 60 and ploy- hours and per un under; under under under 60 week. der. 72 84 56 1910 1911 13 17 1911 1912 1913 15 42.7 100.0 18 42.7 100.0 11 60.0 45.5 44.1 76.9 88.2 23.1 11.8 100.0 1910 1911 224 42.9 262 43.0 98.2 97.7 1.8 1911 1912 1913 283 43.0 97.9 294 43.4 93.9 296 42.9 100.0 .7 6.1 1.4 1910 1911 1912 1913 14 46.2 71.4 28.6 17 47.2 70.6 5.9 10 55.0 100.0 13 46.6 100*o' 23.5 1910 1911 34 39 88.2 84.6 11.8 5.1 10.3 1911 1912 1913 42 44.8 85.7 30 50.1 40.0 34 45.1 100.0 4.8 60.0 9.5 1910 1911 1912 1913 12 20 16 17 67.8 67.7 67.7 67.7 1911 1912 2 2 55.0 55.0 44.1 45.0 1.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1910 1911 101 49.7 112 50.2 45.5 41.1 7.9 8.0 46.5 50.9 1911 1912 1913 120 127 120 50.7 51.4 51.5 38.3 37.0 35.0 7.5 3.9 5.0 54.2 59.1 60.0 1910 1911 191 201 60.6 60.4 *4*5 52.9 39.3 24.1 36.3 23.0 18.9 1911 1912 238 61.0 239 61.3 3.8 .4 33.2 34.7 37.8 40.6 24.4 23.4 0.4 1912 1913 276 322 30.1 33.2 42.8 33.5 25.4 32.0 1.1 61.6 61.1 1.0 0.4
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