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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Comm issioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \
BUREAU OF LABO R S T A T IS T IC S /
WAGES
AND
HOURS
OF
171
• • • • ^ Q c *§./ J
LABOR
SERIES
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN
FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
1927
DECEMBER, 1928
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON
1929
CONTENTS
Pag©
Introduction and summary____________________________________________
1-17
Pay for overtime and for Sunday and holidays_________________________ 18-22
Bonus systems_________________________________________________________ 19-28
Importance of foundries and machine shops____________________________ 28-30
Scope and method_____________________________________________________30-32
General tables____________________________________ ___________________ 32-119
T a b l e A.— Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1927, by occu
pation, sex, and State____________________________________________ 32-52
T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified
occupations, 1927, by sex and State_____________________________ 53-69
T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23
specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State______________________ 70-85
T a b l e D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week
by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State___86-103
T a b l e E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week of em
ployees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State______103-119
Appendix.— Description of foundry and machine-shop occupations_____ 120, 121
Iii
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
no.
471
W A S H IN G T O N
D ecem b er,
1928
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN FOUNDRIES
AND MACHINE SHOPS IN 1927
IN T R O D U C T IO N
AND
SU M M A R Y
This bulletin presents the results of a study of wages and hours of
labor by occupations in representative foundries and machine shops
in the United States in the summer of 1927. It was not practicable
for the bureau to make a complete census of all plants, but data were
obtained from a sufficient number in each State in which the indus
try is of material importance to represent fairly the conditions in
those States and in the country as a whole. The 28 States included in
the study were determined by the number of wage earners reported
in the industry by the Census of Manufactures of the United States,
each haying a sufficient number of wage earners in the industry to war
rant inclusion. In the States not included in the report there are,
according to the Census of Manufactures, only 5 per cent of the total
number of wage earners employed in these closely correlated industries.
Average hours and earnings for 1927 are presented in this report
by occupations for a total of 38,943 wage earners in 417 foundries
and 86,779 wage earners in 526 machine shops. Summary figures
for 1923 for 32,166 wage earners in 351 foundries and 58,914 wage
earners in 429 machine shops, and for 1925 for 40,393 wage earners
in 413 foundries and 86,274 wage earners in 511 machine shops are
shown in Table 1 by occupations in comparison with 1927 averages.
The 1923 figures were drawn from Bulletin No. 362 and those for
1925 from Bulletin No. 422.
Average full-time hours per week for males in foundries, for the
United States as a whole, were 52.4 in 1923, 51.5 in 1925, and 51.1
in 1927, and in machine shops were 50.8 in 1923, 50.4 in 1925, and
50.1 in 1927, thus showing a slight decrease in full-time hours each
year over the preceding 2-year period. The averages for males
are the same as for both sexes combined, due to the fact that in
foundries only 310 of the 32,166 employees covered in 1923, 478 of
the 40,393 employees covered in 1925, and 439 of the 38,943 employees
covered in 1927 were females, and that in machine shops only 408
of the 58,914 employees included in 1923,1,075 of the 86,274 employees
covered in 1925, and 1,470 of the 86,779 employees covered in 1927
were females. The average hours for females in foundries were 49.3
per week in 1923, and 49 in 1925 and 1927, and in machine shops
49.1 per week in 1923, 49.3 in 1925, and 48.9 in 1927. In 1927 the
average full-time hours per week by occupations for males in foundries
range from 49.9 for molders, hand, floor, to 52.6 for crane operators,
and those of females range from 48.4 for core makers to 50.6 for the
group designated as “ other employees.”
2
W A G E S AND H O U R S— FO U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
Average earnings per hour in foundries for males in all occupations
combined were 56 cents in 1923, 61.2 cents in 1925, and 62.6 cents in
1927; for females, 40.4 cents in 1923, 42.7 cents in 1925, and 45.9
cents in 1927; and for both sexes in all occupations combined 55.8
cents in 1923, 61 cents in 1925, and 62.4 cents in 1927. Average
earnings per hour by occupations for males in 1927 range from 48.4
cents for floor molders’ helpers, to 83 cents for pattern makers, and
for females were 38 cents for other employees and 49.1 cents for core
makers.
In machine shops average earnings per hour for males in all occupa
tions combined were 56 cents in 1923, 60.4 cents in 1925, and 62.9
cents in 1927; for females, 36.6 cents in 1923, 42 cents in 1925, and 40.3
cents in 1927; and for both sexes in all occupations combined, 55.9
cents in 1923, 60.2 cents in 1925, and 62.5 cents in 1927. Average
earnings per hour by occupations for males in 1927 range from 45.6
cents for laborers to 84.1 cents for pattern makers. Pattern makers
in machine shops were included with “ other skilled employees” in
1923 and 1925. Averages for females in 1927 range from 30.9 cents
per hour for the group designated as “ other employees” to 54.9 cents
for turret lathe hands and operators.
Average full-time earnings per week in foundries for males in all
occupations combined were $29.34 in 1923, $31.52 in 1925, and $31.99
in 1927; for females, $19.92 in 1923, $20.92 in 1925, and $22.49 in
1927; and for both sexes in all occupations combined or the industry
average full-time earnings were $29.24 per week in 1923, $31.42 in
1925, and $31.89 in 1927. Average full-time earnings per week by
occupations for males in 1927 range from $24.78 for floor molders’
helpers to $41.75 for pattern makers. In machine shops average
full-time earnings per week for males in all occupations combined
were $28.45 in 1923, $30.44 in 1925, and $31.51 in 1927; for females,
$17.97 in 1923, $20.71 in 1925, and $19.71 in 1927; and for both sexes
or the industry full-time earnings were $28.40 per week in 1923,
$30.34 in 1925, and $31.31 in 1927. Average full-time earnings per
week by occupations for males in 1927 range from $22.98 for laborers
to $41.71 for pattern makers, and for females range from $16.27 for
other precision machine hands and operators to $27.45 for turret
lathe hands and operators.
T
able
1.— Average hoars and earnings, 1923, 1925, and 1927, by occupation and sex
FOUNDRIES
Occupation
Sex
Chippers and rough grinders...................... M ale.........
_._d o______
. . . d o _____
Fem ale.
Core makers____________________________ M ale_____
_ ..d o _ ........
. . . d o ______
Female___
. . . d o ...........
. . . d o ______
1 Included in total.
Year
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
N um N um
ber of ber of
estab
em
lish
ments ployees
319
383
379
1
345
393
401
22
43
41
2,923
4,110
3,857
0)
2,526
3,067
3,040
240
353
324
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
A ver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Aver
age
full
time
weekly
earn
ings
52.5
51.5
51.1
0)
51.4
50.3
50.4
49.2
48.6
48.4
$0.465
.521
.537
0)
.690
.734
.755
.431
.444
.491
$24.41
26.83
27.44
0)
35.47
36.92
38.05
21.21
21.58
23.76
3
IN TR O D U C TIO N AND SU M M ARY
T
able
1.— Average hours and earnings, 1923, 1925, and 1927, &?/ occupation and
sex— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Occupation
Crane operators
_______________________
Cupola tenders__________________________
Laborers __________ - ___________________
Molders, hand, bench. _________________
Molders, hand, floor_____________________
Molders, machine_______________________
Molders’ helpers, floor________________
Pattern m a k e r s .._______________________
Rough carpenters.______________________
Sand blasters 2________ _________________
Other employees________________________
All occupations____ __ ___ ________
Sex
Year
Male_____
_ ..d o _____
_._do_____
.. d o _____
___do--------___do_____
. . . d o _____
. . . d o _____
___do_____
Female___
.._ d o _____
M ale_____
. . . d o _____
.. . d o _____
__ d o ______
-__do_____
___do_____
__do_____
-__do_____
— d o--------d o _____
___do_____
. . . d o _____
__do_____
___do_____
-_-d o _____
.. d o _____
___do_____
___do_____
__ d o ______
,__do_____
-__do_____
-_ -d o _____
Female___
.. . d o ..........
___do---------
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
Male_____
. . . d o _____
-__do--------Female__
— d o ..........
— d o ........ .
All occupations, male and female
N um
ber of Num
estab ber of
em
lish
ments ployees
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
$0. 522
.562
.575
.546
.635
.620
.428
.481
.491
.316
.382
.687
.768
.789
.729
.802
.820
.678
.733
.753
.433
.460
.484
.750
.804
.830
.534
.591
.609
.591
.503
.576
.587
.205
(3)
.380
$27.93
29. 62
30.25
28. 61
32.96
32.12
22.90
25.25
25. 58
15. 61
19.18
35.24
38. 55
39.84
37.32
40.42
40.92
35.19
36. 72
37.95
22. 60
23. 83
24. 78
38.38
40. 52
41.75
27.77
30. 20
30. 94
30.55
26. 96
30. 36
29.94
10.46
(3)
19.23
Aver
age
full
time
weekly
earn
ings
197
236
242
342
380
393
343
389
401
593
772
875
556
567
602
9, 265
10,931
11, 017
17
262
325
324
346
401
402
161
229
234
285
247
283
346
259
261
293
292
175
304
378
365
125
2, 379
2, 363
2, 063
4, 904
5, 612
5,375
1,993
3,140
3,102
1,986
2, 642
1, 820
1,314
1, 827
1, 512
680
634
625
362
2, 737
4,250
4,254
(«)
15
(3)
107
53. 5
52.7
52.6
52.4
51.9
51.8
53.5
52.5
52.1
49.4
50.2
51.3
50.2
50.5
51.2
50.4
49.9
51.9
50.1
50.4
52. 2
51.8
51.2
51.1
50.4
50.3
52.0
51.1
50.8
51.7
53.6
52.7
51.0
51.0
(3)
50.6
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
351
413
417
43
42
22
31, 856
39, 915
38, 504
310
478
439
52.4
51.5
51.1
49.3
49.0
49.0
.560
.612
.626
.404
.427
.459
29.34
31.52
31.99
19.92
20. 92
22.49
1923
1925
1927
351
413
417
32,166
40, 393
38, 943
52.4
51.5
51.1
.558
.610
.624
29.24
31.42
31.89
310
306
368
5, 681
7,151
8,019
54
150
50. 6
49.6
50.1
50.2
50.7
49.5
50.8
50.2
50.2
50.8
50.5
50.2
50.8
50.4
50.7
49.4
49.0
$0. 575
.634
.653
.350
.444
.423
.678
.717
.726
.489
.504
.525
.660
$29.10
31. 45
32.72
17.57
22. 51
20. 94
34. 44
35. 99
36. 45
24. 84
25. 45
26. 36
33. 53
34. 68
36. 86
34.53
22. 05
8
68
220
2
2
M A C H IN E SH O P S
Assemblers_______________ ___________ __
Blacksmiths___ __ __ ___________________
Blacksmiths’ helpers____________________
Boring-mill hands and operators_________
Buffers and polishers 4___________________
M ale_____
_—d o _____
. . . d o --------Fem ale.. _
. —d o ..........
_—d o _____
Male_____
___do_____
. —d o --------— d o _____
. . . d o _____
. . . d o --------_—d o.
___do_____
— d o --------— d o. __
Female__
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1927
1927
6
9
14
345
395
406
282
298
291
271
341
354
109
3
2 Included with “ Other employees” in 1923 and 1925.
3 Included with laborers.
4 Included with "O ther machine hands and operators” in 1923 and 1925.
120
797
885
845
945
857
722
1,455
2,135
2,208
580
6
.688
.727
.699
.450
4
T
W A G E S AND H O U R S— FO U N D R IE S AND M A C H IN E SHOPS
able
1.—Average hours and earnings: 1928, 1925, and 1927, by occupation and
sex— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Occupation
Sox
M ale_____
. . . d o _____
. . . d o _____
F em ale.. _
Drill-press hands and operators__________ Male.........
. . . d o _____
__.d o_____
Fem ale...
. . . d o _____
. . . d o _____
M ale_____
Fitters and bench hands___________ _____
. . . d o _____
___do_____
Female__
___do_____
. . . d o _____
Grinding-machine hands and operators... M ale_____
. . . d o --------. . . d o _____
Female__
. . . d o _____
. . . d o _____
Laborers_________________________ ______ M ale_____
. . . d o --------. . . d o _____
Female__
. . . d o _____
. . . d o _____
Lathe hands and operators, en g in e__
M a le ____
. . . d o _____
. . . d o _____
Female__
Lathe hands and operators, turret____ . . . M ale_____
. . . d o _____
. . . d o ___ _
Female
_._d o_____
Machinists______________________________ M ale_____
- .. d o —.......
___do______
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ helpers_____ . . . d o ...........
___do______
___do______
Milling-machine hands and operators____ . . . d o ______
.. . d o ______
.. . d o ______
Female___
. . . d o ______
Packers and craters________ _____________ Male_____
. . . d o . .........
. . . d o ______
Female___
. . . d o ______
_._do______
Pattern makers 8________________________ M ale_____
Planer hands and operators______________ _..do__........
. . . d o ______
. . . d o ...........
Screw-machine hands and operators_____ .. . d o ______
. . . d o ______
___do—.......
Female___.
Sheet-metal machine operators 7_________ Male_____
Female___.
Toolmakers__________________________ __ M ale.........
___do...........,
. . . d o ...........,
Crane operators ........................ ................ .
Year
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1927
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
N um
ber of N um
estab ber of
em
lish
ments ployees
167
214
218
2
350
423
433
5
16
22
271
388
332
4
14
20
221
267
298
2
(8)
5
375
439
459
5
(5)
(5)
347
401
414
2
251
328
343
3
8
331
374
395
251
262
269
268
339
343
7
3
(3)
274
288
(3)
10
7
235
272
327
339
177
215
213
3
137
12
274
346
354
3 Included with laborers.
6Included with “ Other employees.”
6 Included with "Other skilled employees” in 1923 and 1925.
7 Bending, flanging, and rolling machines, punch presses, and shears.
machine hands and operators” in 1923 and 1925.
525
754
865
4
3, 634
5,012
4,759
33
93
121
4, 721
8,157
6,661
60
146
341
1,255
2,016
2,285
2
(8)
15
8,355
9, 833
8, 342
30
(8)
(8)
4, 421
5,856
5,964
7
2,147
3, 393
3,167
27
46
2, 952
3,820
3, 794
1,616
1, 641
1, 671
1,938
2, 925
2, 872
32
17
(3)
1,488
1, 793
(3)
68
44
1, 228
1,339
1,838
1,818
1,047
1,482
1, 520
10
867
167
1,661
2, 573
2,863
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
51.1 $0. 501
50.7
.524
51.2
.540
51.3
.431
50.8
. 527
50.4
.579
50.1
.605
49.5
.410
49.0
.477
49.4
.448
49.9
.616
49.8
.643
49. 5
.662
49.0
.420
49.3
.468
49.0
.411
50.5
.586
50.3
.637
50.1
.668
52.0
.310
(5)
(*)
48.6
.444
51.1
.418
50.6
.456
50.4
.456
48.2
.323
(5)
(6)
(5)
(8)
50. 9
. 633
50.3
.663
50.2
. 695
48.4
.385
50. 5
.610
50.2
.647
50.0
. 675
49.9
.488
50.0
.549
50.0
. 683
49.9
.702
49.5
.728
50.4
.464
49.8
.494
50.1
.510
50.0
.605
49.7
.653
49.7
.685
49.4
.497
48.8
.489
(3)
(8)
50.5
.520
50.1
537
(3)
(8)
49.7
.354
49.5
.389
.841
49.6
50.6
.663
50.2
.705
50.5
.742
50.6
.564
49.8
.643
49.8
.664
48.7
.435
50.2
.603
48.7
.420
50.4
.693
50.0
.727
49.7
. 756-
Aver
age
full
time
weekly
earn
ings
$25. 60
26.57
27. 65
22.11
26. 77
29.18
30.31
20. 30
23. 37
22.13
30. 74
32. 02
32. 77
20. 58
23. 07
20. 14
29. 59
32. 04
33. 47
16.12
(5)
21. 58
21. 35
23. 07
22. 98
15. 57
(5)
(6)
32. 22
33. 35
34.89
18. 63
30. 81
32. 48
33. 75
24. 35
27. 45
34.15
35. 03
36.04
23.39
24. 60
25. 55
30. 25
32. 45
34.04
24. 55
23. 86
(3)
26. 26
26. 90
(3)
17. 59
19. 26
41. 71
33. 55
35. 39
37.47
28.54
32. 02
33. 07
21.18
30. 27
20.45
34. 93
36. 35
37. &
These were included with ‘ ‘ Other
5
IN TR OD U C TIO N AND SU M M ARY
T a b le 1.— Average hours and earnings, 1928, 1925, and 1927, by occupation and
sex— Continued
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Occupation
Sex
Other machine hands and operators______ _._do______
___do______
Female___
— do______
Other precision machine hands and oper Male_____
ators. 8
Female___
Other skilled employees____ ____________ Male_____
— do______
. . . d o ______
Female___
___do______
_--d o...........
Other employees________________________ Male_____
__.do...........
— do...........
Female___
___do...........
— do______
All occupations____________________
All occupations, male and female.
M ale_____
— do______
__.do______
Female.
— do______
— do______
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
A ver
age
earn
ings
per
hqur
2,670
4,066
76
50.5
50.5
48.2
48.8
50.5
$0. 556
.630
.422
.441
.659
$28.08
31.82
20.34
21. 52
33.28
122
20
5,312
9,602
11,113
36
215
317
6,035
9,715
9,352
117
143
133
49.3
50.9
50.4
50.1
51.3
48.9
47.7
52.0
52.5
50.3
48.7
49.2
49.3
.330
.618
.647
.650
.313
.372
.401
.459
.514
.526
.325
.352
.309
16.27
31.46
32. 61
32. 57
16.06
18.19
19.13
23.87
26.99
26.46
15.83
17.32
15.23
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
429
511
526
19
36
50
58, 506
85,199
85,309
408
1,075
1,470
50.8
50.4
50.1
49.1
49.3
48.9
.560
.604
.629
.366
.420
.403
28.45
30.44
31.51
17.97
20. 71
19. 71
1923
1925
1927
429
511
526
58, 914
86,274
86, 779
50. 8
50.4
50.1
.559
.602
.625
28.40
30.34
31.31
Year
1923
1925
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
N um
ber of N um
of
estab ber
em
lish
ployees
ments
289
371
6
16
316
8
356
458
468
4
13
27
386
498
487
8
23
201
2,001
Aver
age
full
time
weekly
earn
ings
8 Includes the following machines: Broacher, centering, gear hobber, gear cutter, hobber, key seater,
shaper, slotter, speed lathes, special lathes, threader, and other precision machines. These were included
with “ Other machine hands and operators” in 1923 and 1925.
Table 2 presents for all wage earners of each sex in each State, in
foundries and in machine shops, the number of establishments and
wage earners included in the 1927 study, average full-time hours per
week, average earnings per hour, and average full-time earnings per
week.
Average full-time hours per week for males in foundries in 10 States
range from 45.3 to 49.7 per w^eek and in 18 States from 50.5 to 54.5
per week, and in machine shops in 12 States from 45 to 49.8 per week,
and in 15 States from 50.1 to 54.3 per week. The average full-time
hours for females in foundries in 8 States range from 45.6 to 49.2 per
week and in 3 States from 50 to 51.6 per week; in machine shops in 5
States the range is from 43 to 49.3 per week and in 3 States from 50
to 51.6 per week.
Average earnings per hour for males in foundries in 6 States range
from 39.1 to 48.1 cents, in 7 States from 50 to 59.6 cents, in 14 States
from 61.1 to 69.3 cents, and the average in 1 State is 74 cents. In
machine shops the average in 1 State is 43.3 cents an hour; the aver
ages in 12 States range from 51.5 to 59.4 cents, in 11 States from
60.2 to 68.5 cents, and in 3 States from 70.1 to 74.6 cents. Average
earnings per hour for females in foundries in 8 States range from
40.5 to 47.4 cents and in 3 States from 50.1 to 53.7 cents, and in
machine shops in 5 States range from 34.5 to 39.8 cents and in 3 States
range from 43.4 to 46.7 cents per hour.
6
W A G E S AND H O U RS— FO U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
Average full-time earnings per week for males in foundries in 6
States range from $21.31 to $24.51, in 6 States from $25.55 to $29.98,
and in 16 States range from $30.90 to $34.71 per week. In machine
shops the average in 1 State is $23.51; the averages in 14 States range
from $26.20 to $29.94, and in 12 States from $31.14 to $34.32 per
week. The average earnings for females in foundries in 10 States
range from $19.89 to $24.25, and in 1 State the average is $26.21.
In machine shops average full-time earnings per week in 5 States
range from $17.01 to $19.14 and in 3 States range from $20.18 to
$23.44 per wreek.
T a b l e 2 . — Number
of establishments and of wage earners, and average hours
and earnings, 1927, by sex and State
MALES
Foundries
State
A labam a....................
California...................
Colorado
________
Connecticut________
Georgia...................
Illin o is ____ ____ ___
In d ia n a ................... .
Iowa...... ..................... .
K a n s a s................. .
K en tu cky.......... ........
Louisiana. ________
M aine.......... .............
M aryland....... ............
Massachusetts______
M ichigan___________
Minnesota__________
M issouri.................. .
New Hampshire........
New Jersey...... ..........
N ew Y o r k ...................
O hio___________ ____
Oregon. ___________
Pennsylvania.............
Rhode Island_______
Tennessee___________
Texas_______________
W ashington................
Wisconsin....................
T otal_________
Machine shops
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
N um
ber of
em
ploy
ees
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
4
7
13
265
1,065
266
1, 537
493
2,835
2,419
755
228
159
219
182
486
3,141
4,389
439
667
195
2,380
2, 747
4, 550
224
5, 086
731
419
439
271
1, 917
54.1
46.9
47.0
52.2
54.5
49.5
50.9
53.2
53.9
48.9
49.7
50.8
52.1
49.6
51.7
53.2
51.4
49.6
52.0
50.5
52.2
45.3
51.1
51.5
49.5
51.2
46.9
52.3
$0.453
.740
.577
.592
.391
.669
.589
.615
.474
.500
.481
.589
.554
.677
.640
.596
.629
.635
.627
.657
.630
.659
.625
.611
.470
.470
.693
.636
$24. 51
34. 71
27.12
30.90
21.31
33.12
29.98
32. 72
25. 55
24.45
23.91
29. 92
28. 86
33. 58
33.09
31.71
32. 33
31. 50
32. 60
33.18
32. 89
29.85
31.94
31.47
23. 27
24. 06
32. 50
33. 26
417
38, 504
51.1
.626
31.99
21
3
16
7
28
16
11
9
7
5
4
8
28
39
5
12
8
17
25
52
7
40
8
7
10
A ver
Aver
age
age
full
earn
time
ings weekly
per
earn
hour
ings
Aver Aver
age
N um
age
full
ber of
earn
time
estab
ings
weekly
lish
per
earn ments
hour
ings
N um
ber of
em
ploy
ees
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
6
365
2, 239
54.2
46.0
$0. 543
.746
$29.43
34. 32
3,416
336
10,086
2,944
773
309
10
9
407
252
6
4
466
725
8
7,707
40
36
5, 626
6
656
21
1,343
9
657
4, 016
31
26
8, 740
89 13,980
313
6
45 11,977
1,851
13
458
8
14
853
481
7
4, 333
15
50.9
54.3
49.7
50.9
52.8
51.1
47.3
51.5
47.8
47.7
48.9
51.2
50.1
51.3
50.2
49.5
48.5
50.3
45.0
51.2
50.4
49.2
49.8
47.2
52.6
.639
.433
.685
.566
.515
.518
.554
.966
.555
.605
.611
.627
.593
.576
.638
.647
.662
.619
.701
.622
.594
.540
.531
.714
.602
32. 53
23. 51
34. 04
28. 81
27.19
26.47
26.20
29.15
26. 53
28. 86
29.88
32.10
29. 71
29. 55
32. 03
32.03
32.11
31.14
31.55
31. 85
29. 94
26. 57
26.44
33. 70
31. 67
85,309
50.1
.629 1 31.51
1
2
1
0)
0)
51.6
0
0
0
1
1
8
0
0)
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
.377
.389
.345
.398
.445
0)
18. 85
18. 71
17. 01
19.14
19.14
0)
48.9
.403
19.71
27
19
8
38
16
9
526
FEMALES
Connecticut_________
Illinois______________
I n d ia n a ____________
Iowa
__ __
Kentucky___________
Maine
. . _______
Massachusetts...........
M ichigan___________
Minnesota
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey_________
N ew Y ork __________
Ohio _____ _________
Pennsylvania ______
Rhode Island_______
Wisconsin ________
T otal_________
1 Included in total.
4
2
1
2
2
8
1
$0.537
.416
5
48.8
50.0
0)
47.0
.446
20.96
7
84
48.0
51.6
22. 75
22.39
0
.474
.434
0)
.451
.501
.406
.419
.405
.517
22.19
22.85
19. 89
20. 41
20.49
24. 25
.459
22.49
60
59
0
0
3
57
63
23
33
4
31
49.2
45.6
49.0
48. 7
50.6
46.9
42
439
49.0
4
7
2
2
10
0
$26. 21
20. 80
0
0
16
3
6
5
2
1
50
47
84
345
81
277
287
192
67
0
1,470
47.9
50.2
50.0
48.1
49.3
48.1
43. 0
0)
0
$0.391
.434
.467
. (1)
$20.18
0
0
0
20. 79
23.44
0
7
IN TR O D U C TIO N AND SUM M ARY
T a b l e 2 . — Number
of establishments and of wage earners, and average hours
and earnings, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
M ALES AND FEMALES
Foundries
State
Alabama.............. .......
California. ................
C olora d o ___________
Connecticut_____ —
G eorgia ....................
Illinois-........................
Indiana........................
Iowa__________ ______
Kansas....................... Kentucky----------------Louisiana___________
M a i n e ........ .............. M aryland______ _____
Massachusetts______
M ichigan........ ............
M in n e so ta ................
Missouri______ _____
New Hampshire........
New Jersey...... .........New Y o r k .. ...............
Ohio........... ..................
Oregon---------------------Pennsylvania_______
Rhode Isla n d .............
Tennessee..................
Texas_______ ________
Washington......... .......
Wisconsin___________
T o ta l......... .......
Machine shops
Aver
Aver
N um
age
age
full
ber of
earn
estab
time
ings weekly
lish
per
earn ments
hour
ings
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
N um
ber of
em
ploy
ees
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
4
54.1
46.9
47.0
52.2
54.5
49.5
50.9
53.2
53.9
48.8
49. 7
50.8
52.1
49.6
51.7
53.1
51.4
49.6
51.9
50.4
52.2
45.3
51.1
51.5
49.5
51.2
46.9
52.2
$0.453
. 740
.577
.592
.391
7
13
265
1, 065
266
1, 537
493
2,895
2,478
758
228
164
219
182
486
3,148
4,473
443
667
195
2, 437
2,810
4,573
224
5,119
741
419
439
271
1, 948
.586
.614
.474
.498
.481
.589
.554
.677
.636
.594
.629
.635
.623
.654
.629
.659
.624
.608
.470
.470
.693
.634
$24.51
34. 71
27.12
30.90
21.31
32.97
29.83
32.66
25.55
24.30
23.91
29.92
28. 86
33. 58
32. 88
31.54
32.33
31.50
32. 33
32.96
32.83
29. 85
31.89
31.31
23.27
24. 06
32.50
33.09
417
38, 943
51.1
.624
31. 89
21
3
16
7
28
16
11
9
7
5
4
8
28
39
5
12
8
17
25
52
7
40
8
7
10
.666
-Aver
A ver
age
age
full
earn
time
ings weekly
per
earn
hour
ings
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
0
365
2,239
54.2
46.0
$0.543
. 746
$29.43
34. 32
19
14
7
15
3, 419
336
10,133
2,976
773
309
429
252
467
725
7, 791
5,971
656
1, 343
685
4, 097
9, 017
14, 267
313
12,169
1,918
458
853
481
4,337
50.9
54.3
49.7
50. 8
52. 8
51.1
47.4
51. 5
47.8
47. 7
48.9
51.2
50. 1
51.3
50.2
49.5
48.5
50.3
45.0
51.1
50.2
49.2
49.8
47.2
52.6
.639
.433
.684
.564
.515
.518
.540
.566
.554
.605
.609
.619
.593
.576
.629
.642
.654
.614
.701
.619
.590
.540
.531
.714
.602
32. 53
23. 51
33.99
28.65
27.19
26.47
25.60
29.15
26.48
28. 86
29. 78
31.69
29.71
29. 55
31.58
31.78
31.72
30. 88
31. 55
31.63
29. 62
26.57
26.44
33. 70
31.67
526
86, 779
50.1
.625
31.31
27
8
38
16
9
10
9
6
4
8
40
36
6
21
9
31
26
89
6
45
13
8
The above table shows that average earnings per hour and average
full-time earnings per week for machine shop wage earners in Ala
bama, Georgia, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Texas are higher than the
average for foundry wage earners in these five States, which con
dition is reversed in several of the Northern States, such as Indiana,
Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsyl
vania, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin.
The reason for the above difference is that in the five Southern
States many of the shops covered have few or no “ machine hands
and operators,” or specialists. As a rule all-round machinists
operate the various kinds of machines used in doing machine-shop
work and also do the fitting and assembling of the various parts of
machinery, or in repairing machinery, while in the northern industrial
States the machines are operated largely by “ machine hands and
operators” or specialists, practically all of them being competent to
operate only one of the various kinds of machines found in rep
resentative machine shops, and most of them at a wage rate less
than that of machinists. An official of one of the machine shops in
one of the Southern States said: “ This company does not hire em
ployees as machine hands and operators. That classification is
found in the large machine shops in the North and East. In this
State a machinist is an all-round hand, as the shops do general
8
W A G E S AND H O U RS— F O U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E
SHOPS
repairing.” Another said: “ All machinists in our shop are firstclass mechanics, capable of operating, setting up, and repairing
machinery. We have no specialists.” The tables of this bulletin
show that while the total number of machine-shop wage earners
covered in the five Southern States are only 2.6 per cent of the total
covered in all States the machinists covered in the five States are
8.5 per cent of the total number of machinists covered in all States,
and that the average earnings per hour for the machinists covered
in the five Southern States are $0,766 compared with $0,728 for all
machinists in all States covered. Further, in the five Southern
States foundry wage earners include a very large percentage of
unskilled and semi-skilled help at rates much less than that paid for
the same class of work by the large foundries in the Northern and
Eastern States.
Average and classified earnings per hour are presented in Table 3
for the employees in 8 of the principal occupations in foundries, and
for those in 14 of the principal occupations in machine shops for
1923, 1925, and 1927, and for 1 occupation (pattern makers) in
machine shops for 1927 only. The figures are shown in detail for
each State for 1927 in Table B, page 53. These occupations were
selected as representative of all of the occupations in the industry.
They include unskilled, semiskilled, and skilled employees, and
represent 80 per cent of the wage earners in foundries and 66 per
cent of those in machine shops. The classification of employees in
the other occupations has not been made, because it would to a
great extent be merely a repetition of the spread or variation within
these principal occupations.
The average earnings per hour of employees in the various occu
pations are shown in addition to the distribution and were computed
by dividing the combined earnings of all employees in the occu
pation during the pay-roll period covered by the combined hours
worked.
Earnings per hour of employees in each occupation for which data
are shown were higher in 1925 than in 1923, and all show an increase
in 1927 over 1925 except laborers in machine shops. The increase
in some occupations in 1927 over 1925 is small and in others it is of
considerable importance. The increases range from 1 cent per hour
for laborers in foundries and 1.6 cents for machinists and toolmakers’
helpers in machine shops to 4.7 cents for female core makers in foun
dries and 3.9 cents per hour for boring-mill hands and operators in
machine shops.
T a b l e 3 . - - Aver age
and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 15 in machine shops,
hy sex
19&5,, and
r
*
FOUNDRIES
Occupation
Chippers and rough grinders..
Laborers *..........................
Molders, hand, bench.
M olders’ helpers, floor 2_.
Pattern m akers................
2,923
4,110
3,857
2, 526
3,067
3,040
240
353
324
9, 265
10,931
11,017
2,379
2,363
2,063
4,904
5,612
5,375
1,993
3,140
3,102
1,986
2,642
1,820
1,314
1,827
1, 512
319
383
379
345
393
401
22
43
41
343
389
401
262
325
324
346
401
402
161
229
220
234
285
247
283
346
259
1
1
1
). 465
.521
.537
.690
.734
. 755
.431
.444
.491
.428
.481
.491
.687
.768
.789
.729
.802
.820
.678
.733
.753
.433
. 460
.484
.750
0
0)
0)
0
4
5
2
42
2
1
0)
0
0
0)
2
2
1
0)
10
1
0)
0
0)
0
5
0
0)
0)
0
1
0
0
0)
1
1
1
0)
0
0
1
1
4
16
17
5
19
22
8
1
CO
0
0)
4
3
2
2
0)
0
4
14
16
1
12
10
1
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
2
2
0)
1
1
C1) .
0
0)
0)
0)
0
0
0)
14
18
0)
0
0
1
1
20
0)
SUMMARY
Molders, machine
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour \
Aver
age
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
earn
$1
$1.25
Under and* and and and and and and and and cents
$1.50
ings
20 under under under under under under under under under and and and and
per
under
under
25
cents
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90 under
hour
$1.25. $1.50 over
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
$1
AND
M olders, hand, floor.___
M ale___
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
Fem ale..
. . . d o ____
.._ d o ____
M ale___
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.__do____
.. .d o ____
,__do____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ....... .
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ....... .
N um
ber of
em
ploy
ees
INTRODUCTION
Core makers----------------- ------- -
Sex
N um
ber of
Year
establish! rnents
0
0
M ACHINE SHOPS
Assemblers 2........................... .........................
M ale.........
. . . d o . .........
Boring-mill hands and operators 2............... — d o _____
- . - d o --------. . . d o _____
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
310
306
368
271
341
354
1 Less than 1 per cent.
5,681
7,151
8,019
1,455
2,135
2,208
$0. 575
.634
. 653
.660
.688
.727
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I1)
0
1
1
11
9
27
24
31
30
22
1
5
3
11
15
31
26
29
30
2 Not classified in 1923.
18
9
3
2
1
1
0
0)
0
0
14
4
2
2
0)
0
_____
8
21
6
CO
and classified earnings per hour in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 15 in machine shops, 1923, 1925, and 1927,
by sex— Continued
10
T a b l e 3 . — Average
M A C H IN E SH O P S— Continued
Grinding-machine hands and operators 2.
Laborers *_________________________ ______
Lathe hands and operators, engine........... .
Lathe hands and operators, tu rret 2...........
Milling-machine hands and operators____
Pattern makers 3__ ................
Planer hands and operators..
Toolmakers 3................................... .......
1 Less than 1 per cent.
3,634
5,012
4,759
4,721
8,157
6,661
1,255
2,016
2,285
8,355
9,833
8,342
4,421
5,856
5,964
2,147
3,393
3,167
2, 952
3,820
3, 794
1, 616
1,641
1, 671
1,938
2, 925
2, 872
1, 228
1,339
1,838
1,818
1,047
1,482
1, 520
1, 661
2, 573
2, 863
343
235
272
327
339
177
215
213
274
346
354
2 N ot classified in 1923.
>. 527
.579
.605
.616
.643
.662
0)
0)
(l)
1
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
4
6
1
1
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
i1)
0)
0)
0)
3
3
2
2
1
1
.418
.456
.456
.633
.663
.695
.610
.647
.675
.683
.702
.728
.464
.494
.510
.605
.6.53
.685
.841
.663
.705
.742
.584
.643
.664
.693
.727
.756
1
1
0)
0
l
3
4
1
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(1)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(»)
1
0)
0)
0
1
;
1
0)
0)
0)
6
30
33
29
28
25
21
1
1
11
8
27
10
8
2
1
58
56
23
26
27
11
6
5
0)
1 i
1
10
9
3
0)
0)
0)
8
3
4
-2
1
2
1
1
0)
(1)
0)
(1) 1 0 )
31
19
14
16
9
0)
2
1
35
37
17
8
6
0)
3
C1)
1 0)
0) ; 0)
(0
1
(1) 1 0 )
1
0)
0)
0)
8
2
9
7
0)
0)
20
18
24
28
25
29
31
31
30
6
25
2
4
6
10
11
10
16
10
13
17
16
20
22
13
2
1
20
16
4
4
29
32
29
23
28
12
25
19
15
13
9
30
25
36
35
31
20
11
22
39
37
28
25
18
3
23
16
11
24
28
29
32
2
3
16
15
27
31
28
27
32
31
26
27
22
31 I
29
26
7
4
31 1
. 23
11
10
0)
0)
7
16
15
13
16
18
0)
0)
0)
l
l
l
2
0)
0)
2
2
2
4
3
4
5
0)
0)
10
15
19
4
21
8
10
35
36
18
22
1
1
0)
(l)
1
1
2
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
1
1
2
0)
0)
5
0)
23
27
28
13
29
C1)
(l)
(1)
0)
4
5
0)
0)
0)
0)
(l)
0)
4
20
2
22
1
1
2
12
20
C1)
3
1
2
7
0)
0)
0)
(l)
0)
(l) '
0)
1
1
13
2
0)
3
0)
0)
3
4
0)
0)
2
1
1
0)
0)
0)
6
11
2
0)
0)
0)
8
3
3 Included with “ Other skilled em ployees" in 1923 and 1925.
3
C1)
SHOPS
Screw-machine hands and operators 2
350
423
433
271
388
332
221
267
298
375
439
459
347
401
414
251
328
343
331
374
395
251
262
269
MACHINE
Machinists ’ and toolmakers ' helpers 3___
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
AND
M achinists______________________________
M ale.
...d o ..
...d o ..
...d o ..
...d o ..
...d o ..
...d o ..
...d o ..
...d o —
...d o —
.d o . .
...d o —
...d o ..
...d o ..
...d o ..
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
...d o —
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
...d o —
.. .d o .. .
...d o —
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
.. .d o .. .
...d o —
.. .d o .. .
...d o —
..d o ...
..d o ...
..d o ...
$1.25 $1.50
and and
under over
$1.50
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Fitters and bench hands...............................
Year
Per cent of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Aver
age
80
90
70
60
40
50
20
30
25
35
$1
earn Under and and and and and and and and and cents
and
ings
20 under under under under under under under under under and under
per
80
90 under $1.25
cents
70
40 1 50
60
30
35
25
hour
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
$1
AND
Drill-press hands and operators__________
Sex
N um
ber of
em
ploy
ees
WAGES
Occupation
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
IN TR OD U C TIO N AND SU M M ARY
11
Table 4 shows average and classified full-time hours per week for
the employees in 8 of the principal occupations in foundries and in
14 of the principal occupations in machine shops for 1923, 1925, and
1927, according to the full-time hours per week. For pattern makers
in machine shops these figures are presented for 1927 only. The
figures are shown in detail for each State for 1927 in Table C, page 70.
The regular or customary full-time hours per week are the number
of hours that a foundry or machine shop under normal conditions is
in operation without taking into consideration the hours actually
worked by individual employees during the period covered.
Full-time weekly hours of employees in each of the 22 occupations
for which data are shown for the three years were less in 1925 and
1927 than in 1923. There was a slight increase in full-time hours in
1927 over 1925 in a few of the occupations.
and classified full-time hours per week in 8 specified occupations in foundries and 15 in machine shops, 1923, 1925,
and 1927, by sex
WAGES
FOUNDRIES
Per cent of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Core makers..............................
Laborers______________
Molders, hand, bench ..
M olders’ helpers, floor_
_do_.
.d o..
_do_.
.d o..
_do_.
Pattern m akers-............
220
234
285
247
283
346
259
2,923
4,110
3, 857
2, 526
3, 067
3,040
240
353
324
9, 265
10, 931
11.017
2. 379
2, 363
2, 063
4, 904
5, 612
5, 375
1, 993
3,140
3,102
1,986
2,642
1, 820
1.314
1,827
1, 512
52.5
51.5
51.1
51.4
50.3
50.4
49.2
48.6
48.4
53.5
52.5
52. 1
51.3
50.2
50.5
51.2
50.4
49.9
51.9
50.1
50.4
52.2
51.8
51.2
51.1
50.4
50.3
1
1
0)
0)
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
(0
0)
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
0)
5
4
6
9
2
3
0)
6
5
8
0)
5
0)
4
5
1
5
13
2
3
3
6
6
3
4
22
4
18
20
27
22
22
25
19
5
2
8
6
9
5
2
6
1
20
6
8
Over
48
and
under
50
33
31
30
24
27
31
5
5
0)
22
20
22
37
33
30
23
24
8
5
0)
0)
0)
6
8
1
5
4
13
4
6
0)
(])
0)
3
3
48
20
22
24
22
23
5
15
6
6
2
15
11
2
3
4
3
6
6
1
2
3
3
8
9
4
50
14
22
22
13
20
20
20
29
33
12
21
23
13
24
17
13
17
17
16
28
32
15
18
16
19
27
33
Over
50
and
under
54
8
7
6
9
5
6
3
3
4
6
6
6
8
9
4
7
6
6
10
9
5
7
6
7
8
6
11
54
26
20
20
21
Over
54
and
under
55
0)
2
1
19
18
14
5
0)
26
(0
1
8
22
21
23
17
23
1
0)
2
Over
55
and
under
60
55
8
7
8
7
6
6
1
2
9
6
7
6
1
5
20
20
0)
21
(0
0)
3
4
0)
4
7
9
18
27
17
28
26
25
16
12
7
1
6
6
5
11
8
2
1
1
8
7
2
1
1
2
0)
60
Over
60
7
8
6
3
0)
1
2
1
5
3
4
1
1
2
2
11
10
10
2
4
3
3
6
2
0)
2
1
1
1
1
0)
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
0)
0)
6
3
5
4
4
6
3
2
8
11
1
2
2
1
4
4
3
0)
2
0)
SHOPS
.d o ..
_do_.
319
383
379
345
393
401
22
43
41
343
389
401
262
325
324
346
401
402
161
229
Over
44
and
under
48
MACHINE
Molders, machine_____
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
44
AND
Molders, hand, floor__
M ale___
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o -----.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
Fem ale..
. . .d o ____
.. .d o ____
M ale___
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.. .d o ____
.__do____
.. .d o ____
__do_.
. . . d o ______
Year
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Chippers and rough grinders _
Sex
Aver
Number age full
time
of em
hours
Un
ployees
per
der
week
44
AND
Occupation
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
12
T a b l e 4 . — Average
MACHINE SHOPS
Assemblers........... .........................................
109537°— 29-
Boring-mill hands and operators_______
Drill-press hands and operators................
Fitters and bench hands......................... .
Laborers.........................................................
Lathe hands and operators, engine_____
Lathe hands and operators, turret...........
Milling-machine hands and operators _ ..
Pattern makers 2___________
Planer hands and operators.
Screw-machine hands and operators..
Toolmakers___________ __________. . . .
1 Less than 1 per cent.
339
343
235
272
327
339
177
215
213
274
346
354
5,618
7,151
8,019
1.455
2,135
2,208
3,634
5,012
4,759
4,721
8,157
6,661
1,255
2,016
2,285
8,355
9,833
8,342
4,421
5, 856
5, 964
2,147
3,393
3,167
2, 952
3, 820
3, 794
1, 616
1, 641
1,671
1, 938
2,925
2,872
1, 228
1, 339
1, 838
1, 818
1,047
1,482
1, 520
1, 661
2,573
2,863
50.6
49.6
50.1
50.8
50.4
50.7
50.8
50.4
50.1
49.9
49.8
49.5
50.5
50.3
50.1
51.1
50.6
50.4
^0.9
50.3
50.2
50.5
50.2
50.0
50.0
49.9
49.5
50.4
49.8
50.1
50.0
49.7
49.7
49.6
50.6
50.2
50.5
50.6
49.8
49.8
50.4
50.0
49.7
C1)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
5
8
5
4
7
5
4
3
7
14
5
6
2
2
6
7
2
4
4
3
3
7
4
7
4
3
5
12
8
14
9
10
12
7
3
8
6
0
0)
4
7
5
5
4
3
3
6
2
3
5
4
3
11
4
3
5
4
2.
5
4
3
7
5
2
4
4
5’
4
4
1
8
3
4
10
6
6
3
7
6
2
8
6
2
6
5
26
31
26
24
25
21
27
27
22
26
29
3.1
23
28
23
26
26
23
25
24
21
35
32
29
29
29
24
35
23
20
34
32
27
27
24
25
24
30
30
27
30
32
32
4
5
6
4
7
7
4
5
5
3
4
5
2
4
9
3
4
6
4
6
6
3
6
4
3
7
4
3
3
3
3
6
7
4
2
4
5
4
7
18
3
4
7
26
35
31
25
26
28
28
30
37
23
25
31
30
32
36
27
31
36
25
29
3?
25
29
33
21
25
32
38
29
32
24
27
28
27
28
26
31
27
29
26
27
30
32
8
7
13
9
9
11
9
10
9
9
10
9
10
10
11
8
9
8
9
8
10
8
8
9
5
8
9
5
7
12
9
9
11
13
9
9
9
9
11
11
11
11
11
6
4
3
7
8
6
6
3
0
0
8
6
0
4
5
3
13
9
6
12
6
8
8
0
0
4
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
2 Included with “ Other skilled em ployees” in 1923 and 1925.
3
3
4
5.
1
1
1
1
1
1
0)
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
12
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
6
7
7
7
9
12
10
7
13
8
5
11
8
5
0
3
2
1
3
4
3
2
5
2
1
4
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0)
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
5
3
10
10
.
0
0
0
0
6
7
0
2
1
5
4
9
13
0
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
&
3
2
&
2
1
6
1
1
11
1
5
2
1
15
0
0
7
4
2
1
10
8
10
8
12
11
8
0
4
13
1
1
5
4
3
3
4
15
0)
0
0
0
2
2
12
10
12
10
8
12
8
6
0
0
8
6
6
9
8
8
1
1
5
7
3
4
4
4
5
5
16
0
0)
0
0
0
0
1
1
SUMMAEY
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ helpers____
310
306
368
271
341
354
350
423
433
271
388
332
221
267
298
375
439
459
347
401
414
251
328
343
331
374
395
251
262
AND
Machinists________________________ ____
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
192.7
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
1923
1925
1927
INTRODUCTION
fcb Grinding-machine hands and operators..
M ale..
...d o „ .
...d o ...
...d o ...
.d o...
.d o...
-do__.
-d o...
-d o...
..d o...
.d o ...
.d o ...
-d o...
-do__.
..d o...
-d o...
..do...
..do__.
..do...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
.-do...
,.do_..
.d o...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
..d o...
,.do_.
..d o..
.-do_.
,.d o..
..do..
-do..
..do_.
.d o..
.d o -
14
W A G E S AND H O U RS— FO U N D RIE S AND M ACH IN E
SHOPS
Table 5 shows the regular or customary full-time hours M onday
to Friday, Saturday, and per week, and also the number of estab
lishments in each State at each specified number of full-time hours
per day and per week. In some establishments the full-time hours
of a few employees or occupations vary from the full-fime hours per
day or per week of the great majority of the employees in such estab
lishments, but the prevailing hours of the greater number of employees
are presented in this table as the hours of the establishment as a
whole.
While the full-time hours per week are by far the best measure of
the customary hours of operation in a plant, they do not show the
variation in hours for each day in the week. For example, in some
plants the hours may be 8 per day for 6 days. In others the hours
may be 8% M onday to Friday and 434 on Saturday, or 8Yi hours
M onday to Friday and 5Yi hours on Saturday, or 8% hours M onday
to Friday and 5 hours on Saturday, and so on. In each case the full
time hours per week are 48.
In order that the variation in the working time of employees in
the various plants may be clearly shown, a classification of establish
ments according to their full-time or customary hours of operation
by day from M onday to Friday, on Saturday, and per week is pre
sented in Table 5. The classification begins with the lowest and ends
with the highest number of hours per week. The customary hours
of labor of 68 of the 417 foundries covered in the study were less than
48 per week, of 119 were 48 per week, of 77 were 50 per week, of 76
were 54 per week, and of 14 w^ere 60 per week. The remaining 63
plants were between 48 and 60 per week. The hours in machine
shops ranged from 44 per week for 42 establishments to 60 per week
for 6 establishments. The hours of 107 machine shops were 48 per
week, of 170 were 50 per week, and of 46 were 54 per week.
As there is very little regular night work in the foundries and
machine shops, the hours of the table are for day work only.
The table also shows the 5-day week in 33 foundries and in 7
machine shops, there being no work in these establishments on
Saturday.
T a b l e 5 . — Number
of establishments in each State working each specified full-time hours per week and per day, 1927
FOUNDRIES
9
&A
8
8H
9M
8
m
8K
8H
8%
8^
8^
8M
%%
48..
48..
48..
48..
48..
48..
49..
49..
49^
50..
50..
9
8M
9
9
9
10
9H
8H
51___
5 1
5 2
52K 52 H 52M £3___
4V2
*u
0
8H
8
m
4^
7
4H
m
8 |-|
8M
8to 1
8M
8
8^
7H
8H
9
9
9
10
m
sy2
0
8
5V6
5'
43
X
4%
4^2
434
5
4
4^
6H
4
4H
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
1
4
i
4
4
3
2
1
3
14
1
8
1
3
3
1
20
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
5
1
1
3
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
Washington
Texas
Rhpde Island
Tennessee
Oregon
Wisconsin
1
1
25
6
1
1
5
13
1
1
1
3
2
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
4
89
3
1
1
1
1 |
1
3
9
4
9
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
l
2
3
9
1
1
1
12
1
!
i
1
1
1
i
.. ..I . . .
1
1
3
1
2
3
Pennsylvania
Ohio
York
New Jersey
New
New Hampshire
Missouri
2
1
1
1
1
2
i
I
1
1
1
1
1
4H
m
1
1
0
4^
9 $ i 9^
8M; 8M
5
9%
9 1 8
Minnesota
1
2
2
Michigan
Maryland
1
1
3
[ Massachusetts
Maine
| Louisiana
j Kentucky
1
2
Iowa
4
J Kansas
Indiana
1
| Illinois
| Georgia
Connecticut
2
8M
6
9
Do aot work every other Saturday.
12
1
5
9
8
| Alabama
Saturday
4
9
9*4
9
0
0
California
8
8V^
8
8
8
8
j Colorado
8
8^
8
8
8
8
Number of establishments working specified hours per day and per week i n -
2
l
7
1
1
1
2
3
5
1
1
8
INTRODUCTION
40_...
42M-.
4 4 ....
44
44%_.
4 5 ....
4 5 ....
4 5^ ..
47_...
47___.
47H -
Friday
Full-time hours per week
M onday
to
Thursday
Full-time hours
per day
d
Ul
d
g
&
>
4
5
3
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
4
Cn
5 . — Number
of establishments in each State working each specified full-time hours per week and per dayr 1927— C on tin u ed
16
T a b le
FOUNDRIES—Continued
WAGES
Full-time hours
per day
934
9%
9%
10
9%
9%
9
103^
10H
10
10
10
1
7
1
4
2
1
7
1
1
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
i
— -|-—
3
i
Wisconsin
| Washington
Texas
Rhode Island
Pennsylvania
| Tennessee
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
I
1 !
7 !
3
1
1
21
3
1
1
2
1
16
7
28
16
11
24
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
65
1
4
T otal.............................
Oregon
1
10
8 L .. .
1
l
. L—
1
_._Ti —
4U
5
5H
6
53*
8
9
10
Ohio
New York
New Jersey
Missouri
New Hampshire
Minnesota
Michigan
[ Massachusetts
Maryland
Louisiana
1
7
73/T
5
5
; Maine
Kentucky
Kansas
Iowa
Indiana
I
Georgia
Illinois
Colorado
| Connecticut
| California
1 Alabama
2
8H
7U
5%
5%
1
|
9
1
1
7
5
1
4
1
1
2
8
28
39
5
I 12
8
17
25
52
I
14
!
2
7 j 40
I 8
[ 7
10
7
13
MACHINE SHOPS
9
m
8
m
VA
m
m
9
m
8
m
m
m
4^
5
0
4^
17
1
2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 3
1 .... 1
1
‘ 1
2
1
7
5H
43^
5
0
8
1 1
1 __ 2 1 1 1
1
1 1 1 3
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
11 3
2
1
2 3 U „ _ , li 2. 2 ,__
2 __ , I __ 1 1 1 |
42:
4
5
4
1
1
1
2
6>
1
24
SHOPS
4 4 ....
44^ ..
4 5 ....
4 5 ....
45%..
47..
4 7 ....
4 7 ....
47^_.
47^ ..
4 8....
4
MACHINE
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
1
6
9
AND
10
10
10
10
5A
SH
9
9Vi
9
93*
9%
9j|
9%
9
Saturday
gy2
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
9A
X
9
9Yi
9
9K
AND
53...... ........................................
53M................. . .......................
5 3 K .........................................
54 ............. ............................
54
..........................
54
.......................................
54
54
.......................................
54 ................. ........................
54 . .......................... ....... .
54
........................
54Yv
55
.............
553^
56
...............
56
.....................................
58
.........................................
59
____
60
.....................................
Friday
Full-time hours per week
M on day to
Thursday
|
Number of establishments working specified hours per day and per week in-
48—
48___
48___
48___
48 ....
48___
48___
48___
4 8 ....
48— .
48___
48---48___
48___.
4 8^ ..
8H
m
SH
8%
8^1
8/5
8H
m
9
8*3
8 ,7r>
8tq
8
8%
m
8%
8%
9H
m
m
8%
8^2
8H
8*4
8 ,7ff
9^5
9
48H-
49—
49— .
4 9H SO
SO— .
50— .
9
9
9
9
9 tf
9
9
9
10
50%-.
10
9M
9K
9M
9M
9M
9H
9M
m
9M
m
9V2
9M
9
9
53_...
63H-
m
9
9K
9M
9M
9^
9>i
9H
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
10H
9M
10
10
10
103^
10M
57H5 8 ....
6 0 ....
ioh
10
10
T otal.
10
10
1
4H
4K
5
4H
2
1
8
1
0
1
13
?
7
3
4
1
3
2
4
i 1
1 ....
1
17
4
18
5
1
1
2
4
14
9
8^
7M
5J4
52^
4to
5
4
5
5
4^
5
5K
5^
5M
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
!
3
1
1
1
1
!
1 i
3
1
12
g
19 -----
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
. _ 1
1
1
3
8
10
27
19
2
1
3
1
4
1
1
1
|
I
g
38
16
I
i
l !
1
9 j 10 | 9
1
4
1
2
ft
o
.
g
A 1 oo
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1 1
6
n
y
Q~l
61
1
OA
OK
R) 1 89
Z
21
1
2
1
12
1
1
8
I
;
1
ik\J DO
23
!
3
3 1 8
j
5
1
1
j
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
27
o -----
2
1
___ 1
1
3
10
1
1
1
,
!
'
1
5
4
|
I
1
6
2
2
|
iX -----
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
4M
5
10
14
g
1
4M
5
6
8
8H
5
2
1
1
1
0
4%
5'A
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
5
13
2
3
2
1
1
m
4H
5
4
1
1
1
4ttv
4
2 W orks 8 /0 hours on W ednesday and Thursday.
3
1
4^
4^
4 H ___
4
i
I
l
----- 1------
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
6
45
13
8
14
7
15
526
SUMMARY
53%..
54___
54___
54___
54 ....
5 4....
5 4 ....
5 4 ....
54___
54___
54___
54^ ..
5 5....
55^ ..
56 ....
9H
9
9
9M
9
9H
9^
9^
9^
9 n>
9^
3
___
1
1
AND
51—
51—
51^52___.
52H -
m
o
1
1
INTRODUCTION
m
m
5K
5
5
4H
18
W A G E S AND H O U R S— FO U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
PAY FOR OVERTIME AND FOR SUNDAY AND HOLIDAYS
Overtime is ordinarily understood to be any time worked in excess
of the regular hours of labor per day or per week, but the overtime for
which provision is made by establishments for payment at a higher
rate than that paid for regular time varies considerably indifferent
plants. A large number of the plants covered in this study did not
pay any extra rate for overtime. In some plants the regular rate was
paid until a certain number of hours per day were worked in addition
to the customary hours of the plant. Example: The regular hours
of a plant were 8 per day and 48 per week, but the extra rate for over
time was not paid except for time worked in excess of 9 hours per day
or 54 per week. The 1 hour of overtime per day in excess of the regu
lar 8 hours was paid for at the regular rate. In some plants the extra
rate was paid to all employees, in others to employees in certain
occupations only. M ost of the plants that pay a higher rate for over
time than for regular hours per day also provide for an extra rate for
work on Sunday and holidays. There is, however, very little work on
Sunday and holidays in this industry.
A t the time of the 1927 survey 244 of the 417 foundries and 404 of
the 526 machine shops covered paid all or a part of the employees
extra for overtime. Table 6 shows the number of establishments,
employees entitled, and the extra rates paid for overtime work.
T a b le 6 .—
Pay for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled
to such pay, period, and rate
FOUNDRIES
Times regular rate, for—
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Employees entitled
Overtime (time worked in excess of
regular hours per day or week)
173 All employees.
63 ____d o ......... .
29
.do------------_do_.
7
_do_.
5
._do_.
5
2
_do_.
.d o..
_do_.
_do_.
_do_.
.d o.
.do..
.d o .
.d o..
_do_.
.d o..
_do_.
l . _ ........................
........ ............. -........
m ____________________
1M to midnight, then 2 _
I X -------------------------------V/2 after 48-hour week...
2..
1Yi after first hour_______ ______ _____
l lA after 60-hour week________________
IK Monday to Friday; Saturday p. m.,
regular rate.
1lA after 52-hours week, including
Sunday.
V/2 after 8^-hour day or 48 hours per
week.
Vyi after 9-hour day or 50 hours per
week.
\y2 after 9-hour day, or 50 hours per
week.
1Yi after 9 hour day; 1% for Saturday
p. m.
15 per cent after 50 hours per week___
to 11.30 p. m., then 2_______ ____ _
1... .............. .................
W ork on Sunday
and holidays
l.
%
2.
2.
1H.
V/2.
2.
2.
VA
2.
V/2.
1*4
1J4
v/2.
15 per cent.
2.
V/ September to
April.
_do_.
_do_.
1............ ................... ................. ........... V/2.
114 to 9 p. m., then V/2 to midnight, 2 2.
..do..
.d o..
..do..
1 after first hour___________________
1Yi to midnight, then 2______________
_do_.
..do..
.d o..
.-do..
2
1/ after first 15 minutes__
V/2 to 10 p. m., then 2 _____
V/2 for first 4 hours, then 2_.
thereafter.
5 cents per hour up to midnight, then
10 cents per hour.
%
2.
10 cents per hour.
2.
V/2 .
2.
2.
P A Y FO R O V E R T IM E AND FO R SU N D AY AND H O LID A Y S
T a b l e 6 . — Pay
19
for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled
to such pay, period, and rate— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Times regular rate, for
lish-
Employees entitled
Overtime (time worked in excess of
regular hours per day or week)
Core makers and molders____________
Core makers, molders, and appren
tices.
Core makers and molders____________
____ d o_____________________ ______ _
[___ do_________ _________ ________ _
<All others.. ________________________
i y ____ _________ ______ _________ _
i y _________________________________ _ m
i y . . . .......................................................... 2.
2_______ _____ _ _________ __________ 2.
2......
............. . 2.
1y except laborers; Saturday p. m.,
regular rate.
jCore makers, molders, and pattern
makers.
[All others.................................................
fCore makers and molders_____ ____
[A ll others. ....................................... .
fCore makers and molders
\Core makers and molders’ helpers___
fCore makers, cranemen, and molders..
\A 11 others. ___________ _________ _
Core makers, crane men, molders, and
pattern makers.
fCore makers and molders____________
(All others. __________ ______________
Molders____ ________________________
Molders, bench and floor____________
Molders and helpers. _______________
Molders, hand, f l o o r ._______________
fMolders_____________________________
\A11 others___________ _______________
fMolders, bench and floor____________
1All others___________ _____ _________
fMolders______ ____________ ________
\Pattern makers and certain others___
Mechanics__
_____________________
Machinists in maintenance depart
ment.
Pattern-room workers_______________
____ d o. __ _ _______________________
____ d o . . . . ................. ...............................
Laborers. _ _ _____ __
_____
Outside labor________________________
Skilled workers____ _________________
("Skilled w orkers_____________________
\Other employees______________ ____ _
Productive labor____________________
___ do_____________________ __________
2___........................... ........ ..................
2.
i y __________ _______ ________ _____ _
l
_____ ____________________________
i___
_______________________
1y2 after 48 hours per week___________
1y after 52 hours per week___________
1y for first 4 hours, then 2. _________ 2.
i y ___________ _________ _______ ____ 1M.
iy2_____________________________ ____ l J i
k
i y .................— ________ ____________ m
1Q
......................................................
i y _______ _______________ ____ _____ l * i
ly
_____ ______________ _______ _
l y ____ ____ _______________________ M
iy2__________________ _______ ________ m .
2____________________ ________ _______
i y ________ _____ ___ ________ _____ _
2
_ __________ ____ _______ _
ly
________________________________
i y if hourly rate is 80 cents or over___ |
i y ______ ___________________________
i y . ________ _________________________
1
........................ ........................ ........
2...... ................................... .......................
i y _______ ____ ____ _______ ________
iy
_________________________
1 y for opening-up sand before w ork ___
i
y
___
_. . . ______
i y . ....................................... .....................
2
_____________________________
iy
______________ ____________ ____
i y after 6 p. m. and before 6 a. m ____
i y after 8 % hours per day or 48 hours
per week.
\y2 _____________ ___________ _______
i y .................................................. ...........
i y .................... .......................... ...........
l ____________________________________
iy ._ _____________________ _________
1y after 48 hours per week___________
2 for night work______________________
1
........... ............................................
2. ................................................................
i y ..............................................................
i y ............................................................
iy
................................. ......... .............
i y ..............................................................
___ do________________________________
Productive time workers _____ ____ _
/Tool-room employees________________
(All others.
______________________
f Productive labor____________________
\Night m e n . __ _____________________
I Maintenance m en_________________ __
\A11 others, ______________ ______ _
fCarpenters and pattern makers. ___
1All others....... .......................... ................
JLaborers______________ ____ ______ __
\A11 others_____________ __________
[Shippers, cleaners, rough grinders,
crane operators, riggers, and cupola
workers.
All others, except laborers___________
First-class molders..... ...........................
All others..............................................
Pattern makers_____________________
(All others................. .......... ............ ........
/Maintenance m en___________________
All others_________________________ _
fDay laborers............... ...........................
\Night laborers.......... .......... ...................
All workers on rush orders_____ _____
Employees taking no vacation............
Boiler-shop employees____ ____ _____
[All day workers___ ____ _____ ______
iy
.
................
1y after 54 hours per week___________
iy
...............
...................
1y for first 4 hours, then 2 _ _ _
1y after 5.30 p. m ________ ________
i y after 10 hours ___________ ______ _
i y .................. ..........................................
i y ____ ____ _________ _________ _____
1y to midnight, then 2
i y , 4.30 p. m. to midnight, then 2 to
[Laborers and night workers....... ..........
m ...............................................................
2.
2.
lJ i
1H.
iJ i
2.
1MlJ i
1*4.
st
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
2.
IJ i
2.
l y ...................... ........................................
7.30 a. m.
Work on Sunday
and holidays
%
134
2.
2.
m
20
T
W A G E S AND H O U R S— FO U N D R IE S AND M A C H IN E
ab
:
SHOPS
6.— Pay for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work} employees entitled
to such pay, period, and rate— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
Times regular rate, for—
Employees entitled
lourly workers.......................................
___do_______________ _______ _______
___do______________ ______________
. . . d o ____ _____ _____________ ______
3 ay workers____________ ___________
U 1 time workers............ ........................
.d o ____________ ____ _____________
U 1 day workers______ ____ _________
___do................. ............................ .........
\.ll night workers___________________
lou rly workers................................ .
Day workers______________ ____ ____
>-day workers_______________________
Night workers, except watchmen and
ice-plant men.
Ail others___________________________
Ail except floating labor and mainte
nance men.
Laborers, electricians, and mainte
nance men.
Ail except laborers and fioor-molders’
helpers.
Ail except day laborers, day pattern
makers, storage helpers, crane oper
ators, core-oven firemen, and elec
tricians.
Ail time workers, except janitors,
watchmen, and salaried men.
All except pattern makers___________
All except laborers and weekly em
ployees.
All except piece workers.................... .
___ d o .____ ______________ __________
All except foundry laborers........... .......
All except repair men________________
All except engineers and salaried em
ployees.
All except salaried employees, piece
workers, power-house men, and
watchmen.
All except watchmen___ ____ _______
All except watchmen and apprentices.
All except salaried em ployees..............
All except truck drivers_____________
All except watchmen_________ ______
All except weekly workers___________
All except watchmen and foremen___
__do__________________________ ____
__do___________ _________ _________
All except watchmen________ _______
.. d o . ____ _________________________
All except wTatchmen and salaried em
ployees.
All except watchmen and laborers___
All except weekly employees________
All except salaried employees and
7-day men.
All except working foremen and 7-day
men.
All except 7-day m en_______ ____ _
____do________________ _________ ___
Overtime (time worked in excess of
regular hours per day or wreek)
W ork on Sunday
and holidays
1A, after 60 hours per week...................
m ________ _____ _____________ _____
1A after 54 hours per week__________
1lA from 9 p*m . to midnight, then 2__
1Y± after first hour; 1A. after midnight.
1A ---------------------------------------------------IA on special call_____________ ____ I X ---------------------------------------------------l lA after 50 hours per week............... .
1Y<i after 55 hours per week...................
1Ai after 10 hours per day..... ................
1X
A after 6 p. m ________________ ____
l *4
1*4
1*4
10 per cent after 12 hours.__
2.
1*4
1*4
134
1*4
134
1*4
1*4
IX.
\X after 60 hours per week
l y for first 4 hours, then 2.
2.
5 per cent extra regardless of when done.
5 per cent.
1 * 4 - ...................... - .............. ............
1**...............................................................
1*4
1*4
Work 9 hours and are paid for 10 hours.
1 * 4 - ------ --------------------------------------
1*4
1*4.
a
1*4
IX-
iH-
1*4 .
1*4.
1*4
1*4
1*4-
1*4
1Ai after 9 hours per day or 50 per week.
I A ________________________________
1*4-— __________ ________________
ly*--------------------------------------- -----------
1V2____ ____ _________________________
11 ____ _______ ______________________
114_____________________ _____ _______
1A to midnight, then 2 . . . ............................ ..
2
1*2______________________
1ydafter 6 p. m __________ _____ ______
1 A -------------------------- ........................
1H------------------------------1A, to midnight, then 2..
2.
1*4
1*4
1*4
1*4
2.
2.
1*4
2.
2.
1*4
2.
1*4
2.
134.
1*4
1*4.
m-
2.
1*4
M A C H IN E SH O PS
All employees...... ............ ................. .....
.. . _do______ _________ ____ _______
____d o........ .......................... ........ ..........
___d o____________ _____ ___________ .
___d o..........................................................
___d o................................. .........................
I , , ........................ .......... ............ ............... 1.
1A .............................. - ......... - ........
1*4
IA2 - - _____________________________ 2.
2_____________________________________ 2.
13^ for first 3 hours, then 2____________ 2 (watchmen 1).
1A after first 15 minutes.........................
1*4
P A Y FO R O V E R T IM E AND FO R SU N D AY AND H O LID A YS
T a b l e 6 . — Pay
21
for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled
to such pay, period, and rate— Continued
M ACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Times regular rate, for-
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Employees entitled
[All except floating labor, electricians,
| and maintenance men.
1 <Laborers, electricians, and mainte
nance men.
(Watchmen and truck drivers________
3 All employees_______________________
6
do
_ ______________________
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Machine hands and operators, ma
chinists, and millrights on repair
work.
All day workers ____________________
All employees__ ____________________
/Productive labor____________________
\A11 others. ____ _________________
Machinists and helpers......... ................
M achinists................... ................... . _
/ All employees except productive labor.
\A11 productive labor_________________
All employees........ .......... .......................
/ Foremen_________________ __________
\A 11 others_____________ _
________
All employees except firemen and
watchmen.
All employees........................ .............
All 6-day employees whose hours end
before 5 p. m.
/B oiler makers and helpers___________
\A11 others____ ______________________
All employees
All employees except laborers, shipping-room employees, and mill
wrights.
All employees_________________ _____
Overtime (time worked in excess of
regular hours per day or week)
W ork on Sunday
and holidays
IX for first 4 hours, then 2 ____________ 2.
5 per cent extra regardless of when
worked.
1
_________________ __________
IX to midnight, then 2 __ ____________
IX for first 4 hours, then 2. . _________
1H for 8 hours, then 2________________
iy
_______________ _______ ____
iy
5 per cent extra.
1.
2.
2.
2.
IX.
............. .................................. . m .
i.
iy
........... ................. .....................
i y2
.................................................
iy
............. ............................. ■_______
iy
___________________ ________
_________________ _____________ _
iy
i y ____________________ ____ _______
iy
_______________ __________
iy
______ ___________________ ____
i y __________________ ______________
1 plus 15 per cent ____________________
i y to 11.30 p. in., then 2____ ____ ___
IX.
IX.
M.
VX.
i X.
2.
IX.
IX.
1 plus 15 per cent.
2.
i y to midnight, then 2_______________ 2.
IX to 5 p. m __ ___________ _____ _____ 2.
2
_
.
____________
IX to midnight, then 2. __ ____ _____
i y from September to April
iy
............................ .......... ...............
2.
2.
1X.
IX.
i y after 9 hours, M onday to Friday;
i y Saturday afternoon.
iy
__
...................... ........................ .
1y after 9-hour day.................................
iy2 __ _____ _________ _________
iy
____________________________
i y after 6 p. m., or 10 hours per day_._
3
do
__________________ ____
iy
. . .
ourly workers_____________________ i y after 10 hours per day____________
1 /H
\Day workers___ ____________________ i y after 6 p. m___
__ _ __________
(Night w orkers______________________ 10 per cent after 12 hours ____________
1 i All others except watchmen and ice- i y after 60 hours per week___________
1f
i yr.
2.
IX.
IX.
IX.
IX.
IX.
10 per cent after 12
1
IX.
1 Certain skilled employees___________
1 M en working 11 hours or o v e r ............
1 All employees except laborers________
2 All employees_______________________
1 ____ d o . ____________________________
1
1
1
1
5
1
l
plant employees.
Time workers_______________________
1y after 6 p. m., if regular hours have
been worked.
1J4
hours.
IX.
1 trucker, 2 painters, 1 pattern maker. i y ___________________________________ IXAll emplovees__ ____________________ 1 plus 5 cents per hour to midnight, 5 cents per hour to
midnight, then
then 1 plus 10 cents.
10 cents.
____ do
__________ ______ ________ \y
IX.
Hourly workers_____________________ 1y from 6 p. m. to 7 a. m .
_______ IX.
_______ _________________ ______ IX.
Skilled day workers................. ......... . i y
Assemblers, bench and machine i y for first 2 hours, then 2___________ 2.
hands, and operators.
All others except watchmen.......... .......
(Crane operators, laborers, and helpers.
1 •(Night workers............................ ............
(All others except watchmen and
riggers.
/Blacksmiths
and helpers, _ .................
1 \A11 others except
watchmen .................
ll day workers............... .......................
1 /A
\A11 night workers............. ......................
(Skilled day workers.............................. .
Skilled night workers...... .......................
All other day workers__________ ____
All other night workers........................
I Assemblers, machinists, and machine
hands.
\ ........ d o ........................................................
1
iy _ _ _______ ____________ ______ _____
1y after 48 hours per w eek__ _______
i y __________ ______ _____ ___________
IX.
IX .
IX.
IX.
2_ _ .......................................................... 2.
i y . _ ____ _________________ _________ _ IX.
2.
1y to midnight, then 2
1y after 12 hours per night or 48 hours
per week.
1y to 9 p. m., then 2
. . .
\ y after 48 hours per week
iy
....................
1y after 48 hours per week
1V2_______ _________ _____ ________ _
m ...............................................................
2.
IX .
IX.
vx.
IX.
22
W A G E S AN D H O U R S— F O U N D R IE S AND M A C H IN E
T
6.— Pay for overtime and for Sunday and holiday work, employees entitled
able
SHOPS
to such pay, period, and rate— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Times regular rate, for-
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Employees entitled
Machinists and machine operators___
All employees______ __________ _____
____do_______________ ____ __________
All employees except laborers________
All employees except yard laborers.
Repair work for outside concerns only.
All employees except laborers and mill
wrights.
All day workers---------------- ---------------,A11 night workers....................................
All employees except truck drivers
and laborers.
(■Machinists...............................................
\A11 others.........._ ...................................
All employees..........................................
____do..................................................... —
Overtime (time worked in excess of
regular hours per day or week)
W ork on Sunday
and holidays
IX-
IK.
IK-
15 cents per hour..
1K- — .......... — -
IK-................-
a
ik
~ ..............
*K -.......................
2.
ik 1K after 11K hours per night..
IKIK.
IK-
IK.
IK for first 4 hours, then 2..
1Kiy^ for first 2 hours, then 2 ..................... 2.
1K 4.30 p. m. to 10 p. m., then 2 to 7 2.
a. m.
IK to midnight, then 2______ _______ 2.
1}4 5 p. m. to 9 p. m., then IK to m id 2.
night; 2 to 7 a. m.
..d o ................................. ...................... 1K if 1 hour or more overtime is worked iK-
_do_.
All employees except watchm en.
[Slingers_____________________________
XYard and miscellaneous labor_______
(All others except stockmen, watch
men, and salaried employees.
/A ll employees----- ------- ---------------------t -----d o ..______ _______ ______________
All employees except watchmen and
storeroom men.
/A pprentices_________________________
\A11 others except high-class mechanics.
/High-class mechanics_______ _____ _
\Laborers....................................................
Machinists____________________ _____
Maintenance m en..................................
All employees............. ............ ...............
/D a y workers........ ........ ..........................
\Night workers.........................................
/D a y workers........ ...................................
\Night workers.........................................
I K - - - .................... .......... .......... ................
I K - ..........- ................................... - .........to midnight, then 2-----------------------
1KV/i after 41 hours per week with holiday
iy2---------------------------- -----1K-
1K -
IK -...................... ......... ...................
1
_____
m ---------------------------------------- -------2 for nightwork..... .............................
V/2 after 5 p. m ____________________
1Yi after 9 hours per day___________
IK Plus 10 per cent________________
l }/2 to midnight, then 2____________
1K after working hours until noon_.
All employees except testers_________ 1 K All employees on rash orders________ 1 K Machinists in maintenance depart 1K ment.
All employees...... ................................... 1K to 10 p. m., then 2.
/M achinists ............................................... 2 _ . ............................ ..........
\A11 others....... ............ .......... ........ .......... IK............................. - ..........
Rush work, all employees except
laborers.
Outside workers............................. ........
All employees.......................................... IK 6 p. m. to midnight, then 2 to 7 a. m .
____d o....................................................... IK—- ........................................ — .....................
vh.
IK.
IK.
2.
Ik :
2.
1.
2.
2.
IKIK.
IK2.
IK and IK after
working
to noon.
hours
IKIKIK2.
2.
IK-..................
All employees except shipping depart
ment.
All employees except watchmen.........
/M aintenance m en.................................
\A11 others_______________________
All employees except repair workers..
Machinists.............................................
All employees except laborers.............
All employees........ ................................
Mechanics........ ................................... .
All employees...... ..................................
------d o ........ ..............................................
on holidays.
IK-
IK-
IK to 10 p. m., then 2 .........
IK ------- ------------------------1Yi for first 4 hours, then 2..
IK -............................ .........
2.
1Yi to midnight, then 2..
1y<i after 6.30 p. m ______
IK-
IK.
2.
IK.
2.
2.
IK.
IK.
1Yi, for Saturday afternoon, 1........... .
2.
\y2 after 9-hour day provided 11 or more IK.
hours are worked.
Machine hands..
IK2.
IK on Sunday and
IK-.......................................... .
WAGES
AND
H O U R S — FO U N D R IE S
AND M ACH IN E
SHOPS
23
BONUS SYSTEMS
Only 59 of the 417 foundries and 114 of the 526 machine shops
covered had bonus systems in effect at the time of the 1927 study.
The basis or kind of each bonus, the wage earners entitled to receive
the bonus, the amount of the bonus, and the conditions necessary in
order to receive the bonus are presented in Table 7.
In 44 of the 59 foundries and in 93 of the 114 machine shops a
“ production” or “ time saving” bonus was paid to part or all of the
employees whereby their earnings at regular rates were increased by
the addition of a specified amount for producing more work than a
specified standard of quantity in a stated period of time. Example:
A standard of 40 hours was set for the completion of a certain job or
piece of work. An employee completed the work in 30 hours, thereby
saving 10 hours. He was paid for Yi of the time saved, or for 35
hours instead of 30 hours at his hourly rate.
In 7 foundries and 7 machine shops an “ attendance” bonus was
paid to certain or all employees for full-time attendance on night
work during a given period of time, and for responding to fire alarms.
In 4 machine shops a “ service” bonus was paid to employees who
had been in the service of the company a specified period of time.
Example: An employee’s earnings at his regular rate were increased
1 per cent after one year of service, 2 per cent after 2 years, 3 per
cent after 3 years, and so on to 5 per cent after 5 years of continuous
service.
In one foundry and one machine shop a “ profit sharing” bonus
was paid to all employees whereby their earnings at regular rates
were increased by the addition of a specified per cent of such earnings.
The amount of the bonus was determined at the end of each year by
the profits of the company.
In two foundries a “ material saving” bonus was paid to firemen
for saving coal.
In addition to the above, “ production and attendance” bonuses
were paid in 1 foundry and 3 machine shops, “ service and attend
ance” in 2 foundries and 3 machine shops, “ profit-sharing and
attendance” in 1 foundry and 1 machine shop, and “ production and
material saving” in 1 machine shop. Bonuses were paid in 1 foundry
and 1 machine shop for which basis or kind of bonus was not reported.
T able
7 .— Bonus systems of 59 foundries and 114 machine shops, 1927
FOUNDRIES
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
6
Kind o f bonus
Production
1 ____ do__________
Wage earners entitled
Amount of bonus
Conditions
All employees_______ ____
One-half of time saved at
hourly rate.
M ust produce more
than set standard of
work.
Do.
Chippers, pourers, pattern ____ do....................................
makers, and molders.
1 ____ do__________ Snaggers, sand blasters, ____ do____ _________ _____
and floor molders.
Pattern makers__________ ____ do........... ................... .....
M o ld e rs ________________ _ ____ do____________________
All employees_______ ____ All of time saved at hourly
rate.
4 __ do ________ ........do_____ _____ ________ Not rep orted ......................
Part
of time saved------. . . .
M
olders................................
1 ........ do..................
1
_ _do __ _
2
. do ...........
3 ........do..................
Do.
D o.
D o.
Do.
Do.
Do.
24
W A G E S AND H O U RS— F O U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
T a b le
7 .— Bonus systems of 59 foundries and 114 machine shops, 1927— Continued
FOUNDRIES—Continued
Num-1
tier of
estab
lish
ments
Kind of bonus
Production..
.-d o ____
........d o .........
........do.........
. . . - d o ............
___ do______
-do..........
-d o ............
-do— ____
-do________
-do— . ........
___ do..
___ do..
____ do..................
Wage earners entitled
Core makers, molders,
and helpers, and pattern
makers.
Machine molders________
Molders and core setters
Molders and their ap
prentices, molding-machine helpers, and sand
blasters.
Molders and core makers..
All employees.....................
Galvanizers only____
All productive labor..
Bench molders______
Molders_________
All productive labor..
Core makers and molders
Part of employees exclu
sive of pattern makers.
All employees except car
penters and p a t t e r n
makers.
Molders...............................
All em ployees,..................
Amount of bonus
Tim e saved at hourly rate. Must produce more
than set standard of
work.
Time saved.
Do.
D o.
do..
Varies, $1 to $1.35 per day.
Do.
Tim e saved at hourly rate.
Depends on per cent of
efficiency.
N ot reported.......................
do.
4 cents per piece..... .......... .
Not reported_____ _______
Value of per cent of time
poundage saved.
One-half of time saved___
Per cent of time saved___
Do.
Do.
Based on efficiency..
D o.
Quantity of production__
5 per cent of monthly pay;
time saved, at hourly
rate.
Production.—-. N ot reported..-.................. Not reported..................... .
A few employees_________ ____do........... ........................
____do_________
____do................ All employees____________ ____do____ _____ _________
All in service at end of 25 cents per hour for time
____do................
month.
saved.
___ do.................. Chipping department em Not reported.-.................. .
ployees.
All core makers, cupola Per cent of regular gross
tenders, and molders.
earnings based on ratio
of monthly hourly aver
age to yearly hourly av
erage and average cost
per pound.
All productive labor..
80 per cent of base wage
-do..
for overproduction.
Malleable molders__
25 per cent of piecework
-do..
earnings.
All em ployees,.-........... .
10 per cent of w ages..........
Attendance..
[Night fire sq u a d ................ 58 cents per hour................
- - d o . . .......
\Night employees-.............. 10 per cent of wages______
All employees after 1 year 1 per cent after 1 year to 5
____ d o ..........
of service.
per cent after 5 years.
Sand slingers____ ____ ___ 10 cents per section...........
____ do...........
Laborers............
................
2 hours p a y______________
. . d o ..........
All employees_____ _____ _ 5 per cent of monthly wages
f___ do...........
____do.................................... 6 months to 2 years, 1 per
\Service....... .
cent; 3d and 4th year, 2
per cent; 5th and 6th
year, 3 per cent; 7th and
8th year, 4 per cent; after
8th year, 5 per cent.
Not reported,....................
Attendance and Not reported____
service.
Molders................
1 hour per d ay.
Attendance
____do--------------Production and
attendance.
Furnace firemen.
Conditions
Lper week.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
D o.
D o.
Do.
Do.
Full-time attendance.
Not reported.
Do.
Do.
C ontinuous service and
standard time study.
N ot reported.
Production must ex
ceed yearly average.
Based on time and pro
duction.
None.
Full-time attendance.
Respond to fire alarm.
Night work.
Continuous service.
None.
For Sunday work.
Full-time attendance.
N ot over 6 days per
year absent or tardy
unless excused.
N ot reported.
Must work 8 hours per
day.
Greatest output with
least coal consump
tion.
Furnace repairing.
Daily output.
_do_.
Oven tenders, sand mix
ers, rough carpenters,
pattern makers, core
makers, and annealers.
.Tumble barrel operators..
All employees in service
over 6 months.
Not reported._______ ____
5 cents per ton additional
to hourly rate.
1 electrician___
10 per cent of monthly pay. Not reported.
Average % per cent of In service at end of
All employees,.
10 cents per barrel—- .......... Per barrel finished.
V/2 per cent to 4 ^ per cent 1H per cent after 1 year
of earnings.
earnings.
to 43^ per cent after 4
years.
year.
25
BO N U S SYSTEM S
T
able
7 .— Bonus systems of 59 foundries and 114 machine shops, 192? -C on tin u ed
MACHINE SHOPS
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
27
Kind of bonus
Wage earners entitled
A mount of bonus
Conditions
P r o d u c tio n ..__
All em ployees___________
One-half of time saved___
M ust produce more
than set standard of
work.
Do.
1 ........ do....... ..........
Employees in 14 occupa ____ do____________________
tions.
1 ........d o....... .......... Blacksmiths and machine ____ do____________________
Do.
operators.
1 ........do__________ Sheet-metal
department ____ d o____________________
Do.
1 ........do__________ Lathe, drill, planer, frame ........d o....... ............................
Do.
1 ........d o....... ..........
____ d o____________________
D o.
____ d o -- ________________
____ do____________________
____ d o .. ........... .................
Do.
Do.
Do.
only.
1 ____ do....... ..........
1 ___ .d o ..................
1 ___ -d o __________
1 ___ -d o ..................
1 ___ -d o __________
1 ___ _do..................
1 ____ d o....... ..........
___ do- -
___ __
1 ___ .d o __________
assembly, folding.
Machine hands, assem
blers, bench hands, and
fitters, sheet-metal de
partment.
A few operators__________
Milling department______
Assemblers, bench hands,
and all machine labor.
Grinding, lathe, plane de
partment.
Blacksmiths, machinists,
and machine operators.
Pattern makers__________
Some employees of all de
partments except pat
tern shop.
All employees____________
____ d o____________________
___ -d o..................
1 . . . . - d o _________
1 ___ .d o ..................
1 . . . . - d o . ................
1 ____ d o__________
1 ___ -d o..................
____ d o__________
___ _do__________
1 . . — d o . . . ............
1
d o ________
1
do .
1 ___ _do__________
1
-do
1 ____ do______ I._I
1 ____ do__________
1 ____ do__________
1 ____ d o..._............
1 ___ -d o ..._ ............
1 ___ .d o .................
1 ........d o.................
1
1
1
1
1
1
Production and
material sav
ing.
____ d o____________________
Do.
____ d o .. ________________
D o.
___ d o_____________________
____ do_- ________________
Do.
Do.
Time saved______________
Two-thirds of time saved. _
Per cent of efficiency_____
Determined b y foreman._.
Per cent of earnings______
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Machine hands and oper
ators and their appren
tices.
Bench hands, tool makers, Time saved at regular rateand machine hands.
Assemblers, helpers and ____ do____________________
bench hands, and ma
chinists.
Carburetor
assemblers Tim e saved at basic ra te..
only.
All employees____________ 80 per cent of time saved. ____ d o ....... ................... ........ Determined b y produc
tion.
Machine hands and oper Tim e saved at basic ra te..
ators.
All machine operators___ N ot reported_____________
All productive labor.
_do - _______________
Machine shop, cupola, __ -do - _______________
sheet-metal, mill room,
bearing department.
Part of time saved ______
Productive labor___ ___
Some employees_________ Time saved at hourly rateAssemblers, bench hands, Not reported_____________
machine hands, machin
ists, painters.
All productive labor_____ 12 cents per hour on time
saved.
Drill-press, grinding, and N ot reported_____________
screw-machine hands.
Pattern makers and tool 11 per cent of pay on time
makers.
saved.
of time
All employees_______ ____ Three-fourths
saved.
Lathe, polishing, screw 80 per cent of time saved. .
machine, punch press,
milling machine, wire
forming, bench hands,
assemblers, and inspec
tors.
All productive employees. N ot reported_____________
/A ll hand operators_______ One-half of time saved___
Production......... \A11 machine operators........ One-third of hourly rate;
one-half of time saved.
........do.................. All em ployees___________ 25 cents per hour on time
saved.
____ do................... Some employees_____ ___ Tim e s a v e d ..____ _______
........do— .............. Direct labor ____________ Part of time saved_______
........d o.................. 1 Productive labor___ _____ Not reported....................
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
D o.
D o.
D o.
Do.
D o.
D o.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
26
W A G E S AND H O U R S— FO U N D R IE S AND M A C H IN E SHOPS
T
7 .— Bonus systems of 59 foundries and 114 machine shops, 1927— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Kind of bonus
fAttendance.
(Production..
{
Production..
Attendance.
Amount of bonus
Conditions
Night workers____
All jobs applicable.
20 per cent of wages.........
Time saved at regular rate.
Assemblers and machine
hands.
All employees......................
Tim e saved.
M ust work at night.
M ust produce *ncre
than set standard of
work.
Do.
Wage earners entitled
[Attendance.
_do_.
IProduction..
_do_.
.. d o .................
____ d o ................ .
__do...........
____ d o ...........
__do._........
..d o ______
........do______
Attendance.
___ d o ..........
___ d o ..........
........do..
f ___ do_________
\Profit sharing...
Service________
Planers.......... ......................
All employees in service
over 1 month.
All employees____________
Part of the employees.......
All productive labor_____
A few employees................
N ot reported_____________
Night workers___________
____d o ...................... ............
____do_______ - ....................
Fire squ ad .......... .
Night w ork.............
Diesinkers________
W omen employees.
All employees_____
All after 1 year’s service..
Attendance and
service.
[Attendance------
All employees..
IService..
____d o ..............
N ot reported...
5 per cent for promptness;
5 per cent for regular
attendance.
6 per cent of monthly earn
ings.
Tim e saved at hourly rate.
[Attendance.
..do..
(Service.........
.d o..
2 years, 10 per cent;
S e r v i c e a*nd
profit sharing.
Service..
____do.................
N ot reported__
Profit sharing..,
Production..
____ d o____ ____ _
____ do_________
____ do_________
Attendance____
and
at
Full-time attendance.
Must produce more
than set standard of
work.
One-half of regular ratet__. Operate 2 machines.
25 cents per hour for all Continuous service.
time saved.
Not reported....................... Not reported.
Do.
.do..
Do.
.do..
Do.
.do..
Do.
_do_.
5 per cent of earnings------- Must work at night.
Do.
10 per cent of regular rate..
Do.
4 cents per hour to regular
rate.
58 cents per hour...... .......... Night fire calls.
10 per oent of basic rate— Night work.
Not reported. ......... .......... . None.
12 per cent of wages______ Full attendance.
5 per cent 1 year to 10 per Continuous service.
cent for 6 years’ service.
Do.
1 per cent after 1 year to 5
per cent after 5 years’
service.
N ot reported_____________ N ot reported.
5 per cent of monthly earn
ings.
6 months to second year, 1
per cent; third and
fourth years, 2 per cent;
fifth and sixth years, 3
per cent; seventh and
eighth years, 4 per cent;
after eighth year, 5 per
cent.
2 hours at basic rate...........
Attendance.
Production..
Service.........
Promptness
tendance.
3
years, 15 per cent; 5 to
10 years, 25 per cent; 10
years and over, iO per
cent of weekly pay.
Helpers in hardening room 25 oents per day____ ____ _
Certain employees............. Not reported...................
All employees_____ _____ _ 3 per cent of year’s earn
ings.
All employees in service 1H to 4y2 per cent of earn
over 6 months.
ings.
All employees who enter $6 after 1 year; $1 per year
service under 60 years.
until $15 is reached.
All employees after 1 year’s $5 for each continuous
service.
year’s service.
Hourly men in service 5 per cent of Weekly earn
over 2 years.
ings.
All employees...................... 10 per cent of m onthly pay.
___ do.................................... Average five-eighths of 1
per cent of pay roll earn
ings.
Drill-press and milling- Not reported_____________
machine hands.
Skilled employees_______ ____do...........................
Knitting-machine testers $1 to $5 per week____
Not reported____________
Not reported.............
Some night workers______ $5.50 per pay period.,
Regular attendance.
Allowed 6 days per
year, absent or tardy.
Full time or 2 hours if
excused.
Length of service.
D ay workers only.
Service or production.
In service at end of
year.
In service over 6
months.
Enter service under 60
years of age.
Continuous service.
In service over 2 years.
N ot reported.
In service at end of
year.
N ot reported.
Do.
Do.
Do.
N ight employment.
27
B O N U S SYSTEM S
Table 8 shows the percentage distribution of employees in 8 of the
principal occupations in foundries and in 15 in machine shops, accord
ing to the number of days on which they worked in one week. “ Days
w orked” as used in this table means the number of calendar days
or parts of days on which employees did some work. A full day or
any part of a day was counted as a day. The average number of
days worked by employees in the occupation is a simple average
obtained by dividing the aggregate number of days on which any
work was done by the total number of employees in the occupation.
The table shows that 51 per cent of the 3,857 chippers and rough
grinders worked on 6 days during the week covered, 30 per cent on
5 days, 12 per cent on 4 days, 3 per cent on 3 days, 2 per cent on 2
days, and 1 per cent on 1 day, and also that 1 per cent worked on 7
days during the week. The average for all was 5.2 days.
8 . — Number of days on which employees in 9 specified occupations in
foundries and 15 in machine shops worked in one week} 1927, by occupation and
sex
T a b le
F O U N D R IE S
Occupation
Chippers and rough grinders................
Core makers_______ _________________
D o ............... ......................................
Laborers....................................................
Molders, hand, bench______*........
Molders, hand, floor............................. .
Molders, machine...... ............................
Molders’ helpers, floor............................
Pattern makers.......................................
Sex
M ale___
___do____
Fem ale.
Male___
— d o____
. . . d o ____
. . . d o ____
...d o -____
d o ____
N um N um
ber of
of
estab ber
em
lish ployees
ments
379
401
41
401
324
402
220
247
259
3,857
3,040
324
11,017
2,063
5,375
3,102
1,820
1,512
Average
number
of days
worked
b y em
ployees
in one
week
Per cent of employees in occu
pation who in one week
worked each specified num
ber of days
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
4
4
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.6
0)
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
■ 4
2
1
4
5
6
12
30
33
45
31
37
35
39
31
23 .
51
46
31
48
44
43
39
52
70
15
15
14
13
13
16
10
4
7
1
0)
___!
0)
0)
0)
M A C H IN E S H O PS
Assemblers..............................................
Boring-mill hands and operators_____
Drill-press hands and operators...........
Fitters and bench hands_____________
Grinding-machine hands and oper
ators______________________________
Laborers____________________________
Lathe hands and operators, engine___
Lathe hands and operators, turret___
M achinists........ .................. ..................
Machinists and toolmakers' helpers...
Milling-machine hands and operators.
Pattern m akers..______ ________ ____
Planer hands and operators__________
Screw-machine hands and operators. _
Toolmakers..............................................
M ale___
.. . d o ____
- - - 4 ° -----do____
368
354
433
332
8,019
2,208
4,759
6, 661
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
1
1
1
0)
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
___do____
___do____
___do____
. . . d o ____
___do____
. . . d o ____
.. . d o ____
do____
. . . d o ____
. . . d o ____
___do____
298
459
414
343
395
269
343
235
339
213
354
2,285
8,342
5,964
3,167
3, 794
1,671
2,872
1, 228
1,818
1,520
2,863
5.6
5.6
• 5.6
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.7
(0
1
1
0)
1
1
0)
0)
0)
1
0)
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
0)
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
6
20
70
0)
16
67
76
0)
24
17
68
(*)
5
7
4
23
6
5
5
9
4
4
5
3
5
11
3
22
21
22
18
16
22
13
23
25
19
68
73
70
65
72
73
70
82
1
1
1
0)
0)
2
3
0)
68 ’ ""I
60 0 )
76 0 )
* Less than 1 per cent.
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls in foundries and
machine shops and for machine tools (machine shops engaged in
making tools used in machine shops) are presented separately in
Table 9 for each month July, 1922, to August, 1928, and for each of
the years 1923 to 1927. The data as presented in all other tables of
this report for foundries and machine shops include machine tools.
Since the data as published by the bureau in monthly reports on
28
W A G E S AN D H O U RS— FO U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
“ Employment in selected manufacturing industries” are collected
and compiled separately for machine tools, they are shown separately
in this table. These numbers were computed from the amount or
volume of employment and the amount of the pay rolls for each of
the months and years, with the 1923 average number of employees
and the 1923 average amount of pay rolls taken as the base, or 100
per cent.
During the period July, 1922, to August, 1928, the monthly volume
of employment index in foundries and machine shops was highest
(104.5) in July, 1923, and lowest (74.5) in September, 1924, and pay
rolls were highest (107.3) in June, 1923, and lowest (70) in September,
1922 and 1924. Index numbers by years were: Employment, 100 in
1923, 80.6 in 1924, 80.7 in 1925, 86.7 in 1926, and 81.3 in 1927; and
pay rolls were 100 in 1923, 78.8 in 1924, 81.8 in 1925, 90.3 in 1926,
and 83.5 in 1927.
T able 9 . —
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, July, 1922, to Augustf
1928, by month and year
[Average for 1923=100]
FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
Employment
Pay-roll totals
M onth
1922
January. .........
February____
M arch_______
A pril_________
M a y ......... .......
June...... ..........
J u ly ................
August_______
September___
October______
N ovem ber___
December____
Average.......
_
71." 6
72.1
79.4
83. 5
87.4
91. 3
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1922
93.4
97.1
100,4
102.3
102.9
103.9
104.5
104.0
102.3
89. 1
96.7
93.4
88.8
84.0
86.4
87. 7
87.7
87.2
84.2
86.2
86. 3
82.6
80.4
76.7
75.4
74.5
74.7
75.6
78.0
78.4
80.2
81.0
81. 3
81.0
81.3
80.3
79.8
80.1
80.9
81. 6
82.7
87.9
87.7
87.2
86.4
84.1
85.3
85.0
83.2
82.3
81.2
80.8
79.0
77. 4
75.1
74.9
74.8
76.6
77. 9
78.6
80.1
80.5
80.4
80.8
85.6
90.9
96. 7
101.9
105.5
107.3
105.5
64.0 103.8
70.0 103.3
75.1 102.8
79.3 98.7
86.6 98.1
100.0
80.6
80.7 | 86.7
81.3
87.3
87.1
86.2
88.8
.....
1923
II.T
100.0
1924
1925
1926
1927
86.6
82.8
78.6
70.6
70.6
70.0
72. 6
73.8
79.1
78.2
82.2
83. 6
81.8
83.0
82.2
79.6
79.4
77.2
82.8
84.3
87.1
86.4
91.1
93. 4
92.4
92.1
93.6
88.7
90.3
88.3
90.5
87.0
89.9
91.6
91. 8
88.7
87.2
85.4
81.4
82.2
78.5
77. 6
74. 7
76.7
78.8
81.8
90.3
83. 5
86.7
87.2
86.8
1928
86.0
74.4
79.6
82.0
82.3
84.5
85. 6
82.9
84.5
MACHINE TOOLS
January___
F ebruary...
M arch........
April...........
M a y ...................
June............
J u ly............
A u g u st.............
September .
October___
N ovem ber.
D ecem b erAverage..
110.0
109.0
106.2
81.7
100.8
100.3
96.0
96.0
100.0
92.5
94.0
94.1
91.5
87.9
85.3
78.8
68.2
76.8
76.7
77.8
79.8
83.6
82.2
83.5
82.9
83.1
83.7
85.1
86. 5
80.5
90.0
93.7
97.5
100.7
102.1 102.8 90.0
102.5 102.0 92.4
103.9 100.7 94.4
103.4 98.8 96.9
102.1 96.2 99.6
101.5 95.1 101.3
101.3 92.3 102.8
92.4 82.6 97.2
102.3 92.1
103.7 91.9
104.2 90.3
103.8 90.2
87.5 101.9
94.6
110.0
94.6 86.2 113.6 113.2
97.0 88.6 114.2 112.7
97.4 87.7 115.5 112.1
95.4 88.2 115.2 107.8
91. 5 90.0 112.4 107.1
87.6 91.7 112.1 105.5
75.7 93.2 109.5 98.5
65.4 88. 1 101.9 91.2
73.9 92.0 111.1 101.3
76.0 103.9 116.3 101.0
78.1 108.4 117.2 99.8
84.2 114.4 118.2 101.8
100.0
84.7
108.0
103.5
83.1
100.4
100.2
96.1
100.0
106.4
111.1
114.8
117.6
120.2
117.1
114.0
94.4 113.1 104.3
IMPORTANCE OF FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
The importance of this industry may be judged from the fact that
nearly all, if not all, other industries depend upon the products of
foundries and machine shops for tools and machinery to carry on
their business.
IM PO R TA N C E
29
OF FO U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
The figures shown in Table 10 were taken from the United States
Census reports for 1914, 1919, 1921, 1923, and 1925. These figures
are shown under six different headings: Foundries and machine shops;
engines, steam, gas, and water; textile machinery; steam fittings, etc.;
machine tools; pumps (hand and power) and pumping equipment.
While these articles are practically all produced in foundries and
machine shops, the different groups have grown to such impor
tance as to be treated separately by the census. Under these six
headings are shown for each of the five years, the number of establish
ments, the cost of material, the value of products, the average number
of employees, the average number of wage earners, amounts paid to
wage earners, and the average per capita yearly earnings of wage
earners as computed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
T
1 0 . — Establishments, cost of material, value of products, wage earners,
earnings, and average per capita earnings, 1914, 1919, 1921, 1923, and 1925
able
[From United States Census of Manufactures, 1925]
Industry
Foundry and machine shops:
1 9 1 4 ............................................
1919..............................................
1921.......................... .....................
1923................................................
1925____ _____________________
Engines, steam, gas, and water:
1 9 1 4 ...............- ..........................
1919................................................
1921................................................
1923................................................
1925.......... ......................................
Textile machinery:
1914........ .......... ............................
1919__________________________
1921..............................................
1923...............................................
1925.......... ...... .............................
Steam fittings, etc.:
1914.......... .....................................
1919................................................
1921...............................................
1923................................................
1925............. ...................................
Machine tools:
1914...............................................
1919................................................
1921................................................
1923................................................
1925................................................
Pumps, steam and other power:
1914............. ...................................
1919............. ..................................
1 92 1 .............................................
1923...............................................
1925............. ..................................
Total:
1914............. ..................................
1919.................................................
1 9 2 1 .............................................
1923................................................
1925................................................
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Cost of
mate
rial
Value
of prod
ucts
Millions Millions
Average
number
of em
ployees
Average
number
of wage
earners
10,640
10,934
9, 013
8,531
8,154
$358
948
653
936
884
$867
2,289
1, 566
2,337
2,233
421,149
569,646
390,816
532, 821
481, 212
362, 471
482, 767
321, 363
448,777
397, 838
446
370
296
249
31
218
72
465
199
267
314
36,106
96,193
43, 691
57,695
59, 394
29, 657
77, 617
35, 567
48, 495
51,099
220
0)432
112
125
146
0)
421
428
379
46
45
50
39
295
261
274
236
225
27
72
50
83
77
0)
403
348
350
329
183
239
221
229
253
11,564
12,639
10, 933
10, 023
9,560
0)
59
24
41
44
9
36
27
34
50
425
1,379
911
1,269
1,211
0)122
0)
0)
Average
Amount per capita
yearly
paid to
wage
earnings
earners
of wage
earners
Millions
$244
623
412
642
591
$673.56
1, 289.59
1, 283.16
1,431.52
1, 485. 03
21
105
52
71
74
722.28
1, 358.41
1, 462.17
1,461.55
1, 440. 05
37
39
46
37
1,147. 87
1,251.59
1,290.16
1, 344.28
17
46
40
65
64
634.30
1, 246. 87
1, 285.25
1, 468.17
1,478.95
66
1, 246.05
1,185.14
1, 418.42
1,515.08
6
20
0)
0)
35, 772
34, 469
40, 041
32, 530
31, 823
31, 025
35, 672
27,869
31,638
43, 791
37,004
51,127
49,974
26, 388
36, 686
30, 808
44,141
43, 260
0)
212
68
0)
61,630
25,854
40,101
37, 279
53, 111
21,307
33,373
30, 831
24
85
70
93
8,322
16, 072
12,186
14,550
17,935
14
120
8,722
17,154
16, 442
19,124
23, 333
25
667. 53
1, 227. 70
1,146. 36
1,373.92
1, 409.43
1,027
3,333
2,159
3,196
3,162
497, 615
824,186
548, 276
740,909
665,162
426,838
698, 076
452, 256
625, 008
568,832
288
896
583
891
838
674.40
1, 283. 89
1, 286.91
1, 426. 33
1,472. 88
129
141
122
64
160
127
222
229
137
144
0)
0)
25
47
47
20
0)
i Included in foundry and machine shops prior to 1919.
A comparison of the figures for the five census years shows that the
number of employees for 1919 is greater than for either of the other
years, while the 1925 average per capita yearly earnings are greater
109537°— 29------ 3
30
W A G E S AN D H O U R S— F O U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
than for any other year. The conditions for the year 1919 were
abnormal. The demands upon the industry caused by the World War
were still in effect and were largely responsible for the unusual number
of employees, the large number of establishments, the high value of
the products, and the large sum paid to wage earners. While the
figures for 1919 are abnormally high, those for 1921 are abnormally
low. A period of great depression in the industry followed the census
for 1919, which extended into the census for 1921. The figures for
1923 show that the industry had by that time recovered from the
slump of 1921, and had entered upon a period of development more
nearly approximating natural or normal growth in the industry than
is shown by the figures for either 1919 or 1921. The figures for 1925,
compared with those for 1923, show decreases in number of estab
lishments and of wage earners and in amount paid to wage earners, and
also an increase in the average per capita yearly earnings.
SCOPE AND METHOD
The figures presented in this bulletin are limited to wage earners
and cover all workers of this class, beginning with those who receive
the raw materials and supplies, including all who perform the various
operations of manufacture, and ending with those who pack or other
wise prepare the product for shipment. Executive employees, clerks,
employees engaged in construction or repair of buildings, employees
in forge and boiler shops, and those whose duties were mainly super
visory are excluded.
The 1927 study of the industry, like those of former years, covered a
representative group of establishments in each State where foundries
and machine shops are of material importance. On account of the
very large variety of products manufactured in machine shops, the
study was limited to those establishments in which the machinery
used was fairly comparable. The machine shops included in the
study are engaged in the machining and assembling of parts for and
the construction of engines; of textile, mining, laundry, woodworking,
excavating, road-building, hoisting, steel-mill, and rolling-mill ma
chinery; of ice, brick, rubber, shoe, and sugar-making machinery; of
cotton gins, elevators, conveyors, pumps, printing presses, and ma
chine tools (machines used in machine shops), etc. A number of
machine shops which were engaged in repair work are also included.
While the machines used in the establishments included in the study
vary in type and size with the product manufactured, the operations
are essentially the same. No machine shops were included whose
principal product was agricultural implements, automobiles or auto
mobile parts, electric dynamos, motors, magnets, or other electrical
units, locomotive railroad cars or car wheels, cash registers, calculating
machines, typewriters, sewing machines, hardware, stoves or stove
equipment
The foundries included were mainly engaged in casting parts for
the same class of products as those made in the machine shops covered
in the study. In a large number of cases data were obtained from
one company or plant for both a foundry and a machine shop. No
forge or boiler shop was included if it was operated as a separate
unit.
The study covered 417 foundries and 526 machine shops located in
28 States. In selecting establishments from which to obtain data the
31
SCOPE AND METHOD
bureau undertook to represent all States in which the industry is of
material importance, the measure of importance being the number of
wage earners as reported by the United States Census of Manufactures.
T
1 1 .— Number of wage earners in 1925 as reported by the United States
Census of Manufactures and the number of establishments and of wage earners for
which 1927 data are presented in this report, by State
able
State
Alabama,
____________
Connecticut____________
Georgia_________________
Illinois _
____________
Indiana_________________
Iowa __________________
Kansas__ ______________
Kentucky______________
Louisiana_______________
Maine____ _____________
M aryland. ____ _______
Massachusetts__________
Michigan_______________
Minnesota_____________
Missouri________________
New Hampshire________
New Jersey_____________
N ew York______________
Ohio__________ ________
Oregon___ _____________
Pennsylvania___________
Rhode Island___________
T ennessee..____ _______
Texas__________ _______
Washington____________
Wisconsin ____________
All other States_________
Total _____ ______
Wage earners
Foundries
In foundries
and machine
shops re
ported by
U. S. Census Establish
Wage
in 1925
ments
earners
2,356
4
21
16,434
3,914 Colorado 3
22,074
16
3, 286
7
59, 331
28
24, 339
16
11
5, 942
2, 398
9
1,983
7
5
1, 576
968
4
3,917
8
40,107
28
51, 891
39
6,123
5
12
8,458
2, 772
8
25,111
17
58,400
25
52
75, 369
1, 870
7
75,031
40
6,072
8
3,471
7
4, 323
10
3, 254
7
30, 965
13
27,097
568, 832
417
265
1,065
266
1,537
493
2,895
2,478
758
228
164
219
182
486
3,148
4,473
443
667
195
2,437
2, 810
4, 573
224
5,119
741
419
439
271
1,948
Foundries and ma
chine shops com
bined
Machine shops
Establish
ments
6
365
2, 239
19
14
7
15
3,419
336
10,133
2,976
773
309
429
252
467
725
7,791
5,971
656
1,343
685
4,097
9,017
14, 267
313
12,169
1,918
458
853
481
4, 337
526
86,779
27
8
38
16
9
10
9
6
4
8
40
36
6
21
9
31
26
89
6
45
13
8
Establish
ments
Wage
earners
10
48
3
35
15
66
32
20
19
16
11
8
16
68
75
11
33
17
48
51
141
13
85
Wage
earners
630
3,304
266
4,956
829
13, 028
5, 454
1, 531
537
593
471
649
1,211
10,939
10,444
1,099
2,010
15
24
14
28
880
6, 534
11, 827
18, 840
537
17, 288
2,659
877
1,292
752
6, 285
943
125, 722
21
!
38, 943
The actual number of plants and of wage earners covered in both
foundries and machine shops in each State in 1927 are shown in
Table 11. For comparison the figures as reported by the United
States Census of Manufactures for 1925, the latest year for which
figures are available, are also shown. The table shows that 95 per
cent of the wage earners employed in foundries and machine shops
are located in the 28 States covered by the bureau and that data for
22 per cent of them are shown in this report.
The data included in the 1927 study were taken by agents of the
bureau for practically all establishments directly from the pay rolls,
time-clock cards, and other records of the establishments for a repre
sentative pay period in each of the years covered. A few establish
ments prepared data for the bureau from their records. A very large
proportion of the establishments covered in 1927 were also included
in 1923 and 1925. Data were taken for only part of the total number
of wage earners in a few very large establishments, as the inclusion
of all of them would have tended to impair the representative averages
for the States in which these establishments are located. A very
large per cent of the establishments included in the report pays
employees every week compared with a small per cent that pays
every two weeks, and very small per cent that pays twice each month.
Data for those that pay every two weeks or half month were so taken
as to make it possible to present figures for one week for wage earners
32
W A G E S AND H O U R S— F O U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E
SHOPS
in all establishments. Approximately 90 per cent of the 1927 data
are for a pay roll period in June, July, August, or September. The
averages, therefore, are fairly representative of wage conditions in
those months.
GENERAL TABLES
In addition to the text tables already shown five general tables,
which show the data in considerable detail, are presented as follows,
T a b l e A.— Average number of days on which employees worked:
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1927, by occupa
tion, sex, and State.
This table shows for each occupation and State all of the various
averages which have been computed from the data collected in 1927.
These are the averages of the days on which employees actually
worked in one week, of full-time hours per week, of hours actually
worked in one week, of earnings per hour, and of full-time and of
actual earnings in one week.
The presentation in this table in parallel columns of “ Average
full-time hours per w eek” and “ Average hours actually worked in
one w eek” is for the purpose of easy comparison of the hours that
would have been worked in one week had all employees in the occupa
tion worked no more nor less than full time with the average hours
actually worked in the week. One shows the full-time hours per
week under normal conditions, while the other shows the hours
actually worked in one week by all employees in the occupation.
Tables B, C, D , and E are distribution tables and are limited to
23 principal occupations— 8 in foundries and 15 in machine shops.
T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified
occupations, 1927, by sex and State.
T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23
specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State.
T a b l e D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in one
week by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State.
T a b l e E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week of
employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State.
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State
able
FOUNDRIES
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Chippers and rough grinders,
male:
Alabama
____________
California
Colorado __________________
Connecticut_________________
Georgia __________________ Illinois.........................................
Average-
Number of
Estab Em
days
lish
ployees worked
ments
in one
week
2
21
3
16
4
24
23
101
40
114
38
293
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.1
5.0
Full Hours
time actually
hours worked
per
in one
week week
54.6
46. 6
45.3
51.0
57.5
48.6
56.6
44.3
47.7
48.3
48.3
45.2
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
Made
hours
Per
time, in
one
actually hour
per
week week
worked
103.7 $0. 313 $17. 09
95.1
. 616 28. 71
105.3
.434 19. 66
94. 7
.507 25. 86
84.0
.240 13.80
93.0
.610 29. 65
$17. 74
27. 27
20. 74
24. 48
11. 61
27.58
33
G E N E R A L T A B LE S
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of f ull time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— C o ir t i n u e d
able
F O U N D R IE S —Continued
N umber of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Chippers and rough grinders,
male—Continued.
Indiana_____________________
Iow a.......... .......... .......................
Kansas_________________ ____
K entucky........ ................... .......
Louisiana....................................
Maine..........................................
M aryland..................................
Massachusetts....... ...................
Michigan...................................
Minnesota............ ....................
Missouri........ ..........................
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey................................
New* York_________ _________
Ohio....................... ....................
Oregon.. ................................. .
Pennsylvania............................
Rhode Isla n d ..........................
Tennessee...................................
Texas___ _________ _________
Washington. .............................
Wisconsin. ............. ..................
Total............. ........................
Core makers, male:
A labam a............... ..................
California...... ............................
Colorado........ ................. ..........
Connecticut;. __________ ____
Georgia....... ............... .......... ...
Illin ois....... ................. ..............
Indiana.......................................
Iow a__________ _____ _______
Kansas____ ________ ________
K entucky________ __________
Louisiana................... ...............
M aine.... ........... .................„
Maryland...................................
Massachusetts................ ..........
M ichigan...................................
Minnesota__________________
Missouri.......... ..........................
New Hampshire_____________
New J e r s e y ..__________ ____
New Y o r k ...........................___
Ohio_________ ______ _______
Oregon_____ ________ _______
P en n sy lv a n ia ..._______ ____
Rhode Island....................... .
Tennessee...... ................. .........
Texas..... ............. ....................
Washington_______ _________
Wisconsin____________ ______
Total........... ...........................
Core makers, female:
Illinois____ _ .................... .
Indiana___________ _________
Iowa............ ................................
K entucky_________ ______ _
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan....................................
Minnesota_________________ _
N ew Jersey................................
New Y ork........... ................... .
Ohio................ ............................
Pennsylvania—.........................
Rhode Island...........................
W iscon sin..................................
T otal.................................j
1 Included in total.
AverageAverage earnings—
Per
cent of
Num- Full
full
Ho,urs
ber of time actually
Full
Estab Em
time
days hours
Per
time, M ade
lish
worked
hours
in one
ployees
worked
hour
per
ments
per
in one week in one actually
week week
week
worked
week
13
11
8
5
3
3
7
28
38
5
11
5
17
23
50
7
38
8
4
5
7
166
70
38
5.1
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.0
5.6
5.1
5.7
5.5
5.6
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.0
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.2
51.5
53.3
54.0
51.8
47.5
52.0
52.8
49.8
51.5
54.0
52.8
50.0
51.5
50.4
52.7
45.051.8
51.4
49.3
52.3
47.7
51.9
51.1
46.7
49.7
48.3
49.8
43.4
45.9
45.5
47.2
44.4
50.3
48.3
48.0
44.9
48.8
46.7
40.9
46.2
46.3
41.7
47.2
44.9
48.6
46.6
54.2
45.6
45.8
49.7
53.5
49.7
51.0
53.9
54.0
47.8
50.0
49.8
50.5
49.1
51.4
53.2
50.9
49.7
50.7
48.6
51.1
45.5
50.4
51.2
49.1
50.4
47.0
52.4
50.7
40.6
42.5
44.8
50.8
43.0
46.2
50.0
47. 9
48.9
43.4
42.2
41.5
44.4
45.4
46.3
48.0
42.6
45.3
46.2
44.9
39.9
41.4
47.4
42.6
49.5
43.2
40.8
93.5
89.0
92.8
90.1
95.0
86.5
90.6
92.8
88. 7
102.3
512
52
41
26
17
156
3, 040
5.5
5.2
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.4
5. 2
5.3
5.4
5.0
4.8
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.7
4.9
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
4.9
5.4
5.1
5.8
5.6
4.8
5.1
50.4
52
18
5.2
4.9
20
34
24
37
378
380
43
51
27
250
296
486
23
470
120
33
22
13
379
26
254
3,857
3
19
117
21
3
16
7
26
16
11
8
6
5
4
7
28
35
5
12
7
17
24
51
7
38
8
7
9
7
13
401
20
96
31
227
170
78
15
9
14
9
52
163
338
51
63
9
130
220
393
12
4
2
1
2
2
0)
7
1
4
7
2
3
2
4
41 |
5
3
55
0)
49
54
14
29
7
31
324
0)
5.4
6.0
4.1
0)
4.9
5.0
5.9
4.9
5.6
5.0
90. 7 $0. 504 $25.96
93.2
.492 26. 22
.393 21. 22
89.4
96.1
.401 20. 77
91.4
.362 17.20
88.3
.473 24. 60
86.2
.442 23. 34
94.8
.537 26.74
86.2
.574 29.56
93.1
.573 30.94
91.5
.499 26. 35
96.0
.500 25.00
87.2
.570 29. 36
96.8
.594 29. 94
.499 26. 30
88.6
90.9
.576 25.92
89. 2
.538 27.87
90.1
.516 26.52
.337 16. 61
84. 6
90.2
.364 19.04
94.1
.648 30. 91
93.6
.597 30. 98
91.2
.537 27. 44
$23. 55
24.43
18. 97
19. 97
15. 69
21.68
20.09
25.32
25. 51
28.85
24.09
24. 03
25.58
29.00
23. 32
23. 57
24.85
23. 90
14.04
17.19
29.12
29. 00
25.04
98.2
91.9
77.9
.544
.919
.771
.774
.434
.818
.664
.719
. 563
.653
.664
.555
.650
.823
.714
.721
.750
.732
.804
.765
.793
.831
.789
.619
.607
.595
.798
.732
29.48
41. 91
35.31
38. 47
23. 22
40. 65
33. 86
38. 75
30. 40
31. 21
33. 20
27. 64
32. 83
40.41
36. 70
38. 36
38.18
36. 38
40. 76
37.18
40.52
37.81
39. 77
31. 69
29.80
29.99
37.51
38. 36
27. 57
37.26
32.73
34. 63
22. 05
35. 20
30. 70
35. 92
26. 96
31. 89
28. 77
23. 39
26. 98
36.54
32. 39
33. 36
36.03
31. 21
36. 43
35. 33
35. 62
33.17
32.68
29. 31
25. 86
29.45
34.51
29. 85
44.3
87.9
.755
38. 05
33. 44
43.4
48.9
41.9
50.0
0)
0)
46.7
47.0
48.0
48.0
34.2
51.3
0)
0)
49.1
40.1
45.1
41.7
45.7
45.1
48.5 • 41.5
50.9
49.2
46.9
38.3
88.8
.555
.564
0)
.446
.659
.421
0)
.474
.530
.466
.427
.420
.517
.491
27.14
28.20
0)
20.96
31.63
21. 60
0)
23.27
23.90
21. 30
20.71
21. 38
24. 25
24.07
23.59
0)
20.82
31. 65
14.39
‘ 4.9 | 48.4
40.6
86.8
84.7
82.2
90.4
88.3
87.0
94.3
85.7
89.3
95.1
87.9
87.7
82.1
92.6
86.8
83.8
0)
99.4
100.0
66.7
0)
81.7
92.5
98.7
85.6
96.7
81.7
83.9
23. 76
0)
19.00
22.09
21.00
17.74
20. 64
19.83
19.92
34
T
W A G E S AND H O U R S— FO U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average f ull-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— C on tin u ed
able
FO U N D R IES—Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Crane operators, male:
Alabama_________
California_________
Colorado..... ...........
Connecticut______
Georgia— ............. .
Illinois________ . . .
Indiana..... ........ . . .
Iowa_____________
K entucky.............
Louisiana_________
Maine____________
M aryland...... .........
Massachusetts____
Michigan_________
Minnesota— ..........
Missouri..................
New Jersey_______
New Y ork..............
O h io ............ ..........
O regon.............. .
Pennsylvania_____
Rhode Island_____
Tennessee...............
Texas.......................
W ashington______
Wisconsin________
Total..
Cupola tenders, male:
Alabama_________
California________
Colorado...... ..........
Connecticut______
Georgia___________
Illinois___________
Indiana__________
Iowa_____________
Kansas______ ____
Kentucky. .............
Louisiana_________
M a in e...................
Maryland________
Massachusetts____
Michigan_________
Minnesota________
Missouri_________
New H am pshire...
New Jersey_______
New Y ork .......... .
Ohio___________
Oregon___________
Pennsylvania_____
Rhode Island_____
Tennessee________
Texas____________
Washington______
W isconsin________
Total..
i Included in total.
Average—
N um
Hours
ber of Full actually
Estab Em
time
days
lish
hours worked
ployees
worked
ments
per
in one
in one week
wTeek
week
3
5
26
5
41
4
53
19
15
12
2
11
4
15
6.0
5.3
6.0
5.6
6.0
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
time
Full
Made
hours
Per
time, in
one
actually hour
per
week week
worked
54.3
48.6
45.6
51.9
53.8
50.8
51.2
55.5
45.0
0)
48.0
51.8
49.2
53.0
52.9
49.4
54.8
54. 0
55. 5
44.8
52.0
51.2
49. 6
57.0
47.4
53.3
62.2
45.0
55.5
53.8
61.9
56.6
52.4
57.9
50.3
0)
56.8
51.0
49.8
49.8
48. 5
57. 9
54. 5
53.4
55. 1
44.9
51.0
57.0
53.3
61.4
48.4
54.1
114. 5 $0. 577 $31. 33
. 658 31.98
92. 6
121.7
.598 27. 27
. 538 27. 92
103.7
.362 19. 48
115.1
111.4
.611 31. 04
102. 3
.500 25. 60
104.3
. 555 30. 80
111.8
.457 20. 57
0)
0)
(0
. 575 27. 60
118.3
98.5
.471 24. 40
101.2
.575 28. 29
94.0
. 586 31. 06
91.7
.506 26. 77
. 655 32. 36
117. 2
99.5
.547 29. 98
98. 9
. 664 35. 86
99.3
.576 31.97
. 680 30. 46
100. 2
98.1
. 551 28. 65
.479 24. 52
111.3
107.5
. 445 22. 07
107.7
.391 22. 29
102.1
.677 32. 09
101. 5
.563 30. 01
$35.90
29.63
33.16
28. 93
22. 40
34. 60
26. 20
32.13
22. 98
0)
32. 66
24.04
28. 68
29.21
24. 56
37. 90
29. 81
35. 48
31. 72
30. 56
28.10
27. 28
23. 71
24. 00
32. 81
30.50
11
7
78
5.5
5.4
5.9
5. 5
0)
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.0
5.4
6. 1
5.5
5.5
5. 5
5.6
5. 4
5. 7
5. 4
C. 0
5.7
5.5
242
875 !
5.5
52. 6
53.0
100.8
. 575
5
25
6.0
59.2
45. 2
44.9
50.8
53.3
49.4
53.3
55. 7
50.3
50.8
43.2
45.7
47.8
48.1
52. 5
49.1
54.4
45.5
55.7
55. 9
48.7
44.7
48.0
49.0
48.4
48.0
47. 3
56.9
111.9
97.4
97.6
98.4
95.7
99.0
101.7
107. 5
93.8
106.2
.407 21. 53
.747 34. 66
. 806 37. 08
. 586 30. 24
.342 19.05
. 672 33. 53
. 600 31.44
.580 30. 04
.493 26. 42
.469 23. 36
.526 26. 88
. 581 28. 76
.483 25. 50
.734 36. 70
.665 34. 91
.578 31.50
. 602 31. 79
. 593 29. 59
636 34. 09
. 649 35. 24
.654 . 34.86
.678 i 31.12
.642 33.00
.689 35.14
.406 20. 22
.510 26. 27
.759 35. 90
.605 32. 43
24.06
33. 77
36.19
29. 78
18. 21
33.24
31.98
32. 30
24. 83
23. 86
22.72
26. 54
23.11
35.27
34. 87
28. 38
32. 71
26. 96
35. 39
36. 26
31.90
30. 30
30.78
33. 75
19. 64
24. 50
35.87
34. 39
50.7
97.9
.620 | 32.12
31.43
8
6
2
1
3
4
18
18
4
8
12
13
34
4
36
4
3
2
4
2
0)
4
4
44
65
14
18
81
76
131
7
154
6
9
2
30.25 ! 30.47
1
4
7
13
10
11
7
35
5.8
5. 5
5.9
5. 7
52.9
46.4
46.0
51. 6
55.7
49.9
52.4
51.8
53.6
49.8
51.1
49.5
52.8
50.0
52.5
54.5
52.8
49.9
53. 6
54.3
53.3
45.9
51.4
51. 0
49.8
51. 5
47.3
53. 6
393
602
5.4
51.8
21
2
16
7
20
15
10
9
7
5
4
8
26
30
5
11
8
17
25
49
7
37
7
7
10
2
38
14
38
22
14
10
9
9
4
15
29
38
6
14
8
37
42
66
9
78
7
5.5
5.0
5.4
5. 6
5.4
5.6
5.9
5.5
5.3
4.9
5.2
5.2
5. 5
5.4
5.2
5. 9
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.4
5. 2
5.4
102.0
84. 5
92.3
90.5
96.2
100. 0
90.1
103.0
91.2
103. 9
102. 9
91.4
97.4
93. 4
96. 1
97.2
93. 2
100.0
35
G E N E R A L T A B LE S
T
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— C on tin ued
able
FOU N DRIES- -Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Laborers, male:
Alabama .. __________ ______
California.. ...................... .
Colorado . ______________ . . .
Connecticut_________________
Georgia_____ _____ _____ ____
Illinois _ ___________________
Indiana,_
------------------------Iowa
.....................................
Kansas _____________________
K entucky. _........ .......................
L ou isia n a__________________
M aine____________ ____ _____
M aryland_____________ _____
Massachusetts.......................
M ich igan......................... ........
Minnesota........... .......................
Missouri.
----------------------New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey.................... ............
New York................................
O h io..
............... ............... .
Oregon...... ............ ............. .......
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Isla n d ...........................
Tennessee...................................
Texas. _ ___________________
W ashington..............................
Wisconsin............... .......... ........
Total____ ______ __________
Molders, hand, bench, male:
California _______________ _
Colorado. ............................... .
Connecticut_________________
Georgia---- ---------------------------Illinois
.............................
Indiana---------------- ---------------Iowa _______________________
Kansas______________________
K entucky__________________
Louisiana. ____ ____ _______
Maine
____________________
M aryland____ ____ _________
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan____________________
Missouri. _________________
New Hampshire___ _________
New J ersey_________________
N ew York...____ ____________
Ohio. ______ ____ _________
Oregon. _ _______________ _
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Isla n d _______________
Tennessee___________________
Texas. _ ___________________
Washington_________________
Wisconsin___________________
T o t a l....................... .......... .
* Included in total.
Average-
Num- Full
Hours
ber of time actually
Estab
Em
days hours worked
lish
per
ments ployees worked
in one
in one week
week
week
13
67
258
24
490
165
902
839
186
28
23
34
39
135
695
1, 521
105
145
31
705
741
1, 237
53
1, 602
193
87
196
55
461
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.1
5.5
5.0
4. 6
4.9
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
5.4
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
4.9
5.6
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.5
54.0
48.4
51.7
53.4
53. 5
50.5
51. 5
54.1
53.7
47.5
51.6
53.0
53.1
50.7
52.3
54.3
51.8
47.4
53.2
52.0
54.2
45.3
51. 3
52.2
50.0
51.4
47.1
53.5
53.8
46.1
49.3
49.8
51.3
47.7
49.2
51.0
45.3
45.6
43.0
46.6
44.4
47.4
46.5
49.7
46.1
41.8
48.5
51.1
48.9
39.7
44.4
52.9
46.1
48.2
44.1
52.5
401
11, 017
5.2
52.1
47.9
5.2
45.5
0)
54.2
56.0
49.9
50.8
53.8
53.5
49.1
52.0
52.2
53.4
49.0
49.7
53.4
52.2
51.7
49.4
50.3
49.1
45.7
52.0
50.7
49.3
51.6
46.5
52.5
43.7
46.0
46.7
45.8
54.1
50.7
53.2
39.5
46.9
44.5
43.5
42.6
48.0
42.5
47.3
44.3
47.7
42.8
38.3
45.4
40.6
42.0
55.7
44.9
42.1
50.5
44.5
4
20
2
16
7
28
15
11
6
4
4
3
7
28
39
5
12
6
17
25
52
7
40
8
7
9
6
18
1
60
0)
111
0)
6
185
57
34
15
11
50
4.8
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.3
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.3
5.0
5.5
5.0
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.1
4.8
5.1
4.8
4.9
5.8
5.9
4.8
324
2,063
5.2
13
4
22
14
7
6
5
2
4
6
27
35
4
6
6
15
20
43
5
28
8
4
4
34
134
109
53
8
11
4
12
31
295
294
36
18
25
73
157
237
8
11
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
Made
Per
hours
time, in
one
actually hour
per
week week
worked
99.6 $0.306 $16. 52
95.2
.557 26. 96
95.4
.438 22.64
.478 25. 53
93.3
95.9
.256 13. 70
94.5
.549 27.72
95.5
.477 24. 57
94.3
.473 25. 59
.393 21.10
84.4
.380 18.05
96.0
83.3
.353 18. 21
.476 25.23
87.9
83.6
.381 20.23
93.5
.501 25. 40
.529 27. 67
88.9
91.5
.491 26. 66
.445 23.05
89.0
.466 22.09
88.2
91.2
.468 24. 90
.525 27. 30
98.3
90.2
.475 25. 75
.514 23. 28
87. 6
.497 25. 50
86.5
.487 25. 42
101.3
92.2
.296 14.80
93.8
.333 17.12
93.6
. 560 26. 38
.539 28.84
98.1
$16.47
25. 67
21. 59
23. 77
13.11
26.14
23.46
24.15
17.82
17.35
15.18
22.19
16. 91
23.75
24. 64
24.42
20. 55
19. 48
22. 71
26. 81
23.23
20. 44
22.06
25. 73
13.63
16.03
24. 69
28. 31
91.9
.491
25.58
23.54
40.5
89.0
0)
0)
81.4
91. 5
89.7
94.8
87.2
83.8
87.3
80.1
85.2
107.9
96.6
80.2
.941
0)
.683
.595
.774
. 796
.747
.582
.567
.530
.685
.704
.900
.841
.851
.708
.694
.909
.734
.790
.820
.749
.815
.550
.643
.816
.694
42. 82
0)
37. 02
33.32
38. 62
40. 44
40. 19
31.14
27. 84
27. 56
35. 76
37. 59
44.10
41.80
45. 44
36. 96
35. 88
44. 90
36. 92
38. 79
37. 47
38. 95
41.32
27.12
33.18
37. 94
36.44
38.10
0)
29.84
27.40
36.16
36. 47
40.41
29. 52
30.17
20. 94
32.14
31.35
39.14
35. 85
39.15
30.10
32. 83
40. 30
34.98
33. 85
31.43
34.01
33. 07
23.13
35. 83
36. 65
29. 23
88.1
.789
39. 84
35.12
80.6
82.2
93.6
90.2
100.6
94.8
108.4
76.0
89.8
83.3
88.8
85.7
86.2
36
T
W A G E S AND H O U R S— F O U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E
SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
F O U N D R IE S — Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Molders, hand, floor, male:
Alabama. _ ________ ________
California ___________ _____
Colorado.- _________________
Connecticut-------------------------Georgia.............. .................... _.
I llin o is .-.................... .......... .
Indiana_________ _________ Iowa__----------- ------------- ------- Kansas.—........... ......................
K e n tu ck y .._____ ___________
Louisiana.............. .....................
M a i n e .-------- -----------------------M aryland...................................
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan______ ______ ______
M inn esota...------------------------Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire........... ...........
New J ersey...............................
New Y ork_____ ______ ______
Ohio...........................................
Oregon.................. ................. .
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island____ ___________
Average-
NumHours
ber of Full actually
Estab E m
time :
days hours
lish
worked
ployees
worked
ments
per
one
in one week in
week
week
4
19
3
16
7
28
15
53
205
49
244
68
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
hours
Per
time, Made
per in one
actually hour
week week
worked
5.6
5.2
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.8
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.0
5.0
5.5
4.6
5.1
5.0
5.2
4.8
5.0
5.4
4.9
5.6
5.5
4.8
54.1
45.5
45.5
49.4
53.4
47.3
50.9
52.4
53.8
49.3
50.3
47.8
50.2
48.4
51.2
52.4
50.5
49.1
50.4
49.2
50.7
45.6
50.6
50.7
49.4
50.3
46.9
49.9
53.5
41.0
42.3
43.8
42.9
42.7
45.2
49.9
51.1
44.9
43.0
42.6
42.6
43.1
43.3
44.8
45.8
39.6
44.4
44.3
44.2
37.1
42.7
47.1
41. 5
49.4
42.3
41.2
98.9 $0. 714 $38.63
.960 43. 68
90.1
93.0
.805 36. 63
88.7
.811 40. 06
80.3
.720 38. 45
90.3
.831 39.31
.709 36. 09
88.8
95.2
.816 42. 76
95.0
.623 33. 52
91.1
.657 32. 39
85.5
.703 35.36
89.1
.667 31. 88
84.9
.773 38.80
.971 47.00
89.0
.789 40.40
84.6
.667 34. 95
85.5
90.7
.817 41. 26
80.7
.735 36. 09
88.1
.888 44. 76
.832 40. 93
90.0
87.2
.848 42.99
81.4
.865 39. 44
84.4
.817 41. 34
92.9
.759 38. 48
84.0
.696 34.38
98.2
.732 36. 82
90.2
.843 39. 54
.800 39. 92
82.6
$38.19
39. 34
34.08
35. 55
30. 93
35.46
32. 06
40.68
31.85
29. 49
30. 21
28.42
32.94
41.82
34.19
29.86
37. 48
29.10
39. 45
36. 88
37. 46
32.12
34. 84
35. 78
28. 92
36.15
35. 61
32. 95
Texas. .................... .................
Washington...............................
W iscon sin.................................
10
12
361
288
130
44
35
41
35
96
367
417
45
146
49
262
326
832
38
739
106
87
69
67
176
Total........... ...........................
402
5,375
5.1
49.9
43.8
87.8
.820
40. 92
35.91
16
4
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.2
4.9
5.2
4.2
5.0
49.7
45.0
54.5
54.1
50.5
50.1
50.6
54.0
44.6
45.7
39.2
48.4
44.9
46.4
43.2
45.9
39.4
40.5
92.0
87.1
0)
47. 46
28. 71
35. 32
38.19
39.74
36. 27
34. 96
31.54
25. 38
0)
0)
34. 25
40. 55
37.23
35. 36
35. 48
39. 57
39. 74
37. 38
38. 33
34. 79
39. 99
21.93
35.54
43. 68
24.99
31. 34
31.64
36. 52
31.25
31. 70
23. 01
23. 05
0)
53.6
48.5
51.0
53.1
54.0
49.9
52.5
47.5
50.1
49.7
51.8
49.4
50.2
.955
.638
.648
.706
.787
.724
.691
.584
.569
0)
0)
.639
.836
.730
Tennessee_______________________
Molders, machine, male:
California...................................
Colorado...... ..............................
Connecticut...................... ........
Georgia.................. .....................
Illinois.........................................
Indiana.................................... .
Iow a........ .......... ............. .........
K ansas.......................................
K entucky...................................
Louisiana..................................
M aine.........................................
M a r y la n d ............ ...................
Massachusetts...........................
M ich ig a n ..................................
Minnesota.................................
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire........................
New J ersey..............................
New Y ork..................................
O h io .........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Isla n d ...........................
T e n n e s s e e ______ ________
Texas.......... ........ ......................
W a sh in g ton .............................
W isconsin...................................
T o ta l............... ......................
1Included in total.
11
9
7
5
4
7
27
33
4
12
8
16
25
51
7
40
8
7
7
6
2
8
2
13
12
7
2
3
1
1
4
23
21
3
3
2
15
17
25
26
7
2
111
17
217
336
68
6
12
0)
0)
29
325
456
25
28
19
220
312
247
214
101
7
19
3
1
11
220
0)
288
3,102
h
5.3
5.4
4.9
5.0
5.6
5.8
4.9
4.9
5.1
4.7
5.2
4.6
5.2
0)
0)
47.3
44.5
42.8
44.9
46.1
48.9
43.9
42.6
44.2
41.3
47.0
39.4
44.8
(0
88.8
83.0
91.9
86.2
90.7
73.0
90.8
0)
0)
88.2
91.8
83.9
84.6
85.4
98.0
83.6
89.7
88.2
83.1
90.7
79.8
89.2
0)
.666
.657
.793
.757
.787
.765
.700
.772
.444
.708
0)
C1)
0)
30. 22
37.18
31.25
29.89
30.27
38. 75
33. 21
33. 51
33. 79
28. 91
36. 27
17. 52
31. 75
(0
5.3
51.3
47.0
91.6
.772
39. 60
36. 30
5.1
50.4
44.3
87.9
.753
37. 95
33.32
37
G E N E R A L TAB LE S
T a b l e A . — Average number of days on which em ployees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State- - C on tin ued
FOUNDRIES —Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Molders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabam a____________________
California___________________
Colorado____________________
C onnecticut_________________
G e o r g ia ..___________________
Illinois_______ _____ ________
Indiana____________ ________
Iowa ______________________
Kansas____ ____ _______ ____
K entucky___________________
Louisiana___________________
M aine_________________ _____
M aryland_____________ _____
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
_________________
Minnesota___ _____ _________
Missouri................. ...................
New Jersey_________ ________
New Y ork___________________
O h io......... ............... .................
O r e g o n ______________ ____
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island............................
Tennessee__ ________________
Texas................. .........................
Washington_______ ____ ____
Wisconsin______ ____ _______
Total........................ ...............
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama
_________ ______ __
Colorado. ____ _____ _______
Connecticut_________________
Georgia..... ......................... .......
Illinois____ _____ ___________
Indiana.____________________
Iowa_________ _______ ______
Kansas__________ _______ ___
Kentucky_______ ___________
___________________
M a in e ._____________________
M aryland.. ___________ ____
Massachusetts..................... .....
Michigan____ _____ _________
Minnesota............................. .
Missouri.......... ..........................
New H am pshire........... ..........
New Jersey........... ....................
New Y o r k ............... ................
Ohio______ ________ ________
Oregon____________ _____ ___
Pennsylvania................... .........
Rhode Island......................... .
Tennessee........ ..........................
T exa s.........................................
Washington _________ , _____
W isconsin___________________
Total______________________
1Included in total.
Average-
Number of
Estab E m
days
lish
worked
ployees
ments
in one
week
4
11
3
12
5
17
10
7
8
7
5
1
4
62
53
59
82
51
102
103
24
46
20
52
0)
21
5. 5
5.4
5.1
5.3
5.2
4.8
5.2
5.8
5.2
5.3
5.3
(l)
Full
time
hours
per
week
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Hours
actually time
i hours
worked actually
in one
week worked
54. 0
46. 0
48. 3
50. 0
54. 6
50. 5
49.3
52.0
53.8
47.4
48.8
0)
5C. 0
52.2
51.4
53.4
53.0
52.7
50.8
52.8
45.6
51.1
50. 6
48.8
51.6
47.0
52.4
59.4
43.3
44.9
47.3
50. 6
44.2
47.2
50.7
49.9
47.5
45.1
0)
45.8
46.8
48.0
45.7
51.4
48.1
47.2
49.6
43.5
43.8
51.8
45.2
48.3
40.8
45.5
Per
hour
Full
time, Made
per in one
week week
110.0 $0. 325 $17. 55
86.8
86.8
. 616
. 466
. 533
. 259
.543
.440
.431
.372
.379
.404
0)
.451
.528
.597
.438
.499
.493
.576
.473
.596
.546
.526
.313
.398
.617
.498
28. 34
22. 51
26. 65
14.14
27. 42
21. 69
22.41
20. 01
17. 96
19. 72
0)
22. 55
27. 56
30.69
23.39
26.45
25.98
29. 26
24.97
27.18
27. 90
26. 62
15. 27
20. 54
29.00
26.10
$19.33
26. 67
20.92
25. 22
13.11
23. 96
20. 79
21.85
18. 59
18. 02
18. 24
0)
20. 63
24. 71
28. 66
20. 02
25. 66
23. 70
27.17
23.48
25. 94
23. 93
27. 27
14.15
19.20
25.17
22. 65
94.1
93. 0
94. 6
92. 7
87. 5
95.7
97. 5
92.8
100.2
92.4
(0
91.6
89.7
93.4
85.6
97.0
91.3
92.9
93.9
95.4
85.7
102.4
92.6
93.6
5
7
38
6.3
5.4
5.4
4.9
5.4
5.2
5.2
6.4
5.4
5.1
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.3
247
1,820
5.3
51.2
47.4
92.6
.484
24. 78
22.91
3
17
5.6
5.5
4.3
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.1
5.6
0)
50.5
42.1
32.6
49.4
49.9
43.8
51.2
44.1
47.7
0)
46.0
46.4
41.3
46.7
44.0
47.4
45.7
40.4
52.1
50.5
49.3
38.7
48.7
52.6
46.4
44.5
44.1
49.0
93.5
92.1
74.1
.785
1.003
.899
.651
.669
.891
.932
. 685
.722
0)
.759
.629
.741
.752
.846
.730
1. 070
.773
.862
.815
.836
.912
.836
.662
.876
.713
.902
.780
42. 39
45. 84
39. 56
36.20
38. 53
43.48
46. 69
35. 35
38.19
0)
37.42
30.13
36. 23
36. 70
43.48
36. 28
49. 76
38. 65
43.19
40.75
42.47
42.41
42.64
33. 76
43. 36
36.58
40. 68
40. 79
39. 65
42. 28
29. 33
32.17
33.36
39. 01
47.71
30.22
34.45
0)
34.93
29.16
30. 57
35.12
37. 21
34. 60
48.90
31. 22
44.93
41.15
41.16
35. 28
40. 69
34.83
40. 65
31. 73
39. 76
38.19
47.7
94.8 | .830
41.75
39. 62
20
12
3
9
9
17
24
5
24
4
6
8
98
108
30
99
106
80
207
16
224
10
66
38
22
2
10
7
132
5.8
54.0
45. 7
44.0
55.6
57.6
48.8
50.1
51.6
52.9
0)
49.3
47.9
48.9
48.8
51.4
49.7
46.5
50.0
50.1
50.0
50.8
46.5
51.0
51.0
49.5
51.3
45.1
52.3
259
1,512
5.6
50.3
11
33
California
2
4
4
4
18
15
12
139
89
10
17
8
11
8
1
0)
3
2
Louisiana
3
7
22
29
5
7
2
13
20
30
2
30
3
5
4
14
20
154
139
25
35
8
137
115
178
8
161
11
13
6
6.0
5.6
4.8
5.6
5.3
5.8
6.0
4.8
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.1
5.7
5.8
5.5
5.2
6.0
88.8
86.6
89.8
102. 2
85. 5
90.2
0)
93.3
96.9
84.5
95.?
85.6
95.4
98.3
80.8
104.0
101.0
97.0
83.2
95.5
103.1
93.7
86. 7
97.8
93.7
38
T
W A G E S AND H O U RS— FO U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average f ull-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
F O U N D R IE S —Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Rough carpenters, male:
A la b a m a ............. .....................
California............... .................
Colorado_______ _____ ______
C onnecticu t..----------------------Georgia_________ ___________
Illinois_______________ _____ _
Indiana___________ _________
Iow a____________ __________
K an sas..______ _____________
K e n tu c k y ...____ ______ ____
Louisiana___________________
M a in e ........................................
M arylan d.-------- ------------------Massachusetts_______________
Michigan______ _____________
Minnesota----------------------------Missouri_____________ ____
New Hampshire________ ____
New Jersey--------------------------New York______ ____________
Ohio________________________
Oregon, _ _ _________________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode* Island _ . _______ _
Tennessee____________ ____
Texas... ___ _______________
Washington_______ _________
W isconsin..................................
Total---------------------------------Sand blasters, male:
California_____ ____ ________
Connecticut_______ _________
Georgia.............. .........................
Illinois.............. .............. ..........
Indiana_____________________
I o w a ........................... ................
K ansas._______ _____________
M aine..........................................
M aryland. _ ._____ __________
Massac husetts......... ............... .
Michigan_____ ____ _________
M innesota..................................
Missouri ____________ _____
New Hampshire________ _____
N ew Jersey.............. .................
New Y ork .________ _________
Ohio............ ................................
Oregon............................. ..........
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island..______ _______
Tennessee___________________
W ashington........ ......................
W iscon sin.._______ __________
T o t a l......................................
1Included in total.
Average-
Number of
Estab
days
Em
lish
worked
ployees
ments
in one
week
3
6
11
30
5.3
5.5
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.8
4.0
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.8
5.6
5.5
4.8
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.0
5.2
5.2
5. 5
292
625
5.5
20
28
13
27
11
10
32
2
2
13
5
3
7
4
3
13
4
7
4
11
22
3
6
26
24
5
8
62
73
12
11
8
3
13
22
36
7
32
6
3
4
4
4
30
39
57
7
86
16
8
5
6
11
21
5
14
1
9
0)
11
2
1
5
12
2
0)
12
21
3
1
1
14
15
16
1
22
4
1
3
8
175 !
12
27
5
7
17
52
7
0)
0)
29
25
29
0)
67
9
0)
3
22
362
Full Hours
time actually
hours worked
per
in one
week
week
54.1
46.0
47.4
53.5
56.4
51.0
49.4
52.5
51.2
46.7
46.3
48.5
52.5
49.0
51.7
51.8
52.0
50.5
51.0
50.9
51.1
45. 8
51.2
52.0
49.8
49.6
47.3
52.3
47.2
44.1
47.1
49.7
46. 5
44. 6
48.3
53.4
50.4
37.3
43.6
45.0
44.3
47.6
48.5
50. 9
43.8
48. 3
50.5
52.2
48.5
39.7
48.4
49.5
41.8
42. 5
42.2
48.3
50.8
47.9
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
Per
time, Made
hours
per in one
actually hour
week week
worked
87.2 $0. 571 $30.89
.732 33. 67
95.9
.600 28. 44
99.4
.573 30. 66
92.9
.422 23. 80
82.4
.599 30. 55
87.5
.554 27. 37
97.8
.445 23. 36
101.7
.420 21.50
98.4
.453 21.16
79.9
.496 22. 96
94.2
.586 28. 42
92.8
84.4
.583 30. 61
.640 31.36
97.1
.596 30. 81
93.8
98. 3
.575 29. 79
84.2
.577 30. 00
.496 25. 05
95.6
.620 31.62
99.0
. 644 32. 78
102. 6
. 671 34. 29
94.9
.673 30. 82
86.7
.615 31.49
94.5
95.2
.608 31. 62
.492 24. 50
83.9
.664 32. 93
85.7
.659 31.17
89.2
.635 33.21
92.4
$26.98
32.28
28. 27
28.48
19. 58
26. 70
26. 76
23. 75
21.19
16. 87
21.64
26. 35
25. 79
30.44
28. 88
29. 26
25. 26
23. 94
31.34
33. 66
32. 56
26. 68
29. 76
30. 06
20. 53
28. 25
27.84
30.69
.609
29.18
94.3
5.6
45. 7
53.2
0)
52.3
50. 9
53.5
54.0
0)
52. 7
49.9
52.2
51. 8
0)
0)
51.2
49.1
53. 5
0)
51.1
52.4
0)
46.3
52. 2
46.6
40.0
42. 1
62.8
0)
46.4
47.0
47.1
51. 7
0)
0)
52.4
48.0
44.0
0)
43.8
50. 7
0)
45.3
53.9
94.2
90.2
99.8
0)
0)
102.3
97.8
82.2
0)
85.7
96.8
0)
97.8
103. 3
. 587
.553
0)
.576
.516
.512
.413
0)
.430
.628
.660
.497
0)
0)
. 558
.079
. 548
0)
.601
.475
0)
.618
.720
5.2
51. 7
46.8
90.5
. 591
5.6
5.4
0)
5.3
4.6
4. 8
6.0
0)
5.3
5.6
5.2
6. 0
0)
0)
5.6
5.3
4.8
0)
5.1
5. 7
0)
6.0
46.4
50. 5
0)
101. 5
94.9
0)
89. 1
78.6
78. 7
116.3
0)
88.0
30.94
I
j 26.83
j 29.42
! C1)
i 30. 12
26.26
27.39
22. 30
0)
31.34
34. 45
25. 74
0)
0)
28. 57
33.34
29.32
0)
30. 71
24. 89
(»)
28.61
37. 58
27.23
27.93
0)
26. 82
20.60
21.54
25.91
0)
19.98
29.53
31.08
25.63
0)
0)
29.22
32.57
24.15
0)
26. 32
24.06
0)
28. 00
38. 85
30. 55
27.63
22.66
39
G E N E R A L TA B LE S
T
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— C on tin u ed
able
F O U N D R IE S —Coutinued
N u m b e r of—
Occupation, sex, and State
N um
ber of
E stab
Emdays
lish
ployees w orked
ments
in one
w eek
O ther fou n d ry em ployees, m ale:
A la b a m a ____________________
C aliforn ia___________________
C olora d o __________ _________ _
C on n ecticu t_________ _______ _
G eorgia______________________
Illin ois _______ _____ __________
In d ia n a ............ ......... .................
I o w a . . ------- ------------------- ------K a n s a s .------- ------------------------K e n tu c k y ___________________
L ou isiana____________________
M a in e_________________ ______
M a r y la n d ___________________
M assachusetts---------- -----------M ich ig a n _____________ _____
M in n esota___________________
M issou ri_____________________
N ew H am pshire_____________
N ew Jersey__________________
N ew Y o r k ---------- ------------------O h io---------------- ---------------------O regon____________ _____ _____
P en n sylva n ia------------------------R h od e Isla n d ------------------------Tennessee..... ............... ..............
T ex a s________________________
W a sh in gton __________ _____
W iscon sin ____________________
T o ta l.
A v era ge—
132
45
144
44
325
229
75
15
12
14
10
31
514
508
40
38
14
320
318
450
42
594
43
20
30
42
197
365
Other fou n dry em ployees, fem ale:
Illinois________________________
Indiana_________ _______ _____
M assachusetts------- ----------------M ich iga n __________________
N ew Jersey.......... ......... ......... ..
N ew Y o r k ____________________
O h io_________________ - ......... ..
P e n n s y lv a n ia ...--------------------R h od e Island.......................... ..
4, 254
C1)
0)
4
29
(!)
9
0)
0)
0)
115
T o ta l-
6.0
A v erage earnings—
F u ll- H ours
tim e actually
hours w orked
per
in one
w eek
w eek
Per
cent o f
full
tim e
hours
actually
w orked
Per
hour
F u ll
tim e,
per
w eek
M ade
in one
w eek
95.5
92.2
94.3
470
. 657
.571
.556
.390
.648
.551
.585
.342
.419
.340
. 572
.439
.591
.639
.506
.523
.553
.580
.621
.565
.607
.611
.565
.451
.487
.581
.493
$25.52
31. 93
26. 78
29. 25
21.61
31.49
27. 77
31.53
19.15
22.29
18. 33
27.23
23.14
29.37
33. 04
26.51
26.31
27.98
29.93
31.86
29.49
27. 07
31.41
29.15
22.55
24.93
26. 84
25. 93
$26.18
29.48
29.49
27.82
17.53
30. 74
28.38
32.15
17.98
20.57
16.91
24.95
18. 38
27. 61
30.77
24.61
25.73
28.03
28.16
32.24
28.01
24.49
28.07
30.80
20. 01
23.84
24. 76
24.46
.587
29. 94
28.40
5.5
5.8
5. 5
5.0
5.3
5.4
5.9
5.5
5.3
5. 7
5.3
4.9
5.5
5.3
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.2
5.9
5.4
5.6
5. 5
5. 6 j
54.3
48.6
46. 9
52.6
55.4
48.6
50.4
53. 9
56.0
53. 2
53.9
47.6
52. 7
49. 7
51. 7
52.4
50.3
50.6
51.6
51.3
52.2
44.6
51.4
51.6
50. 0
51. 2
46. 2
52.6
55.8
44.9
51.7
50. 0
44.9
47.4
51.5
54.9
52.6
49. 1
49.8
43. 7
41.9
46.7
48. 2
48.6
49.2
50.7
48.5
51.9
49.6
40.4
45.9
54.5
44.4
48.9
42.6
49.6
5.4
51. 0 i
:8. 4
94.9
0)
0)
48. 0
52. 2
0)
49.2
0)
0)
48.0
47.2
0)
43.8
0)
C1)
100.0
0)
0)
0)
6. 0
5.4
C1)
5.1
0)
0)
(l)
(0
5.0 I 50.6
102.8
92.4
110.2
95.1
81.0
97.5
102.2
101. 9
93.9
92.3
92.4
91.8
79.5
94.0
93.2
92. 7
97.8
100.2
94.0
101. 2
95.0
90.6
89.3
105.6
88.8
0)
0)
.335
.453
0)
0)
89.0
.335
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
16. 08
23. 65
0)
16. 48
0)
0)
0)
42.8
84.6
.376
19. 03
90.4
0)
0)
0)
(0
16.08
21.35
0)
14.70
0)
0)
M A C H IN E S H O P S
Assem blers, m ale:
A la b a m a ______
California______
C on n ecticu t___
G e o r g ia .............
Illinois_________
Indiana________
Io w a ___________
K a n s a s ............. .
K e n t u c k y _____
Louisiana______
M a in e _________
M a r y la n d _____
M assachusetts..
M ich ig a n .......... .
M in n esota _____
M issou ri_______
1Included in total.
2
22
14
18
146
324
7
860
325
89
40
76
2
31
14
9
3
6
2
3
5
9
24
5
15
2
22
41
241
504
68
134
5.6
5.8
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.7
4.7
5.5
6.0
5.2
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.7
54. 9
45.9
51.1
53.6
50.4
51.6
51.9
49.9
48.0
59.0
47.8
48.0
48.4
51.0
50.0
52.0
52.3
46.9
49.2
52.8
49.1
50.0
52.9
40.2
43.8
56.0
42.7
45.5
47.1
49.1
45.8
50.2
95.3 $0. 561 $30. 80
.810 37.18
.684 34. 95
.606 32. 48
.679 34. 22
.536 27. 66
.513 26. 62
.431 21. 51
.594 28. 51
.412 24. 31
.556 26. 58
.645 30. 96
.605 29.28
.618 31. 52
.617 30.85
.564 29. 33
102.2
96.3
98.5
97.4
96.9
101.9
80.6
91.3
94.9
89.3
94.8
97.3
96.3
91.6
96.5
$29.35
37.96
33. 66
32.00
33. 34
26. 78
27.12
17. 32
26.03
23. 08
23. 72
29. 33
28. 54
30.35
28. 23
28.32
40
T
W A G E S AN D H O U R S— F O U N D R IE S
AN D M A C H IN E SHOPS
A..— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and
State
Assemblers, male— Continued
New Hampshire...................
New Jersey........... .....................
New York...................................
Ohio....................... ....................
Oregon........................................
Pennsylvania....... ........... .........
Rhode Isla n d ...____ ________
Tennessee...... ................... .........
T exas.......................... .............
W ashington__________ _____ _
Wisconsin...................................
Total........................................
Assemblers, female:
Illinois___ ____ _____ _______
Indiana......................................
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan, ..................................
New J ersey________ ______
New Y ork__________ ________
Ohio________________________
W iscon sin ................................
Total........................................
Blacksmiths, male:
Alabama...... ..............................
C aliforn ia... . . . . ___________
C o n n e cticu t-.................... .......
G eorgia................ ............. .......
Illinois................... ............. .......
Indiana.......................................
I o w a ...................... ...................
K a n s a s.....................................
Kentucky.................... ..............
L ouisian a..... .......... .................
M a in e .......................................
M a ry la n d ................................
Massachusetts............................
Michigan....................................
Minnesota. __ ............................
Missouri..... ........ ......................
N ew Hampshire.......................
N ew Jersey........................... .
N ew Y o r k ................................
O h io......................... .................
Oregon............. ..........................
Pennsylvania.............. ..............
R hode Island............................
Tennessee.................................
Texas..........................................
W ashington...............................
W isconsin___________________
Total........................................
1Included in total.
Average—
N um
Full Hours
ber of time actually
Estab E m
days hours worked
lish ployees worked
ments
per
one
in one week in
week
week
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
i
full
Full- 1
time
Made
hours
Per
time, in one
actually hour
per ,
week week
worked
6.0
5
4
14
16
480
976
1,718
30
1,187
143
30
67
34
437
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.9
5.9
5.6
50.0
49.1
48.3
49.7
45.2
51.3
50.5
48.0
51.3
47.6
52.1
49.9
49.4
47.2
47.1
43.6
47.0
46.2
43.7
50.1
48.2
48.7
368
8,019
5.6
50.1
47.9
95.6
50.9
49.5
97.2
(0
0)
0)
0)
47.1
0
)
95.9
4
26
22
72
5
42
10
2
2
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
8
5.9
0)
0)
0) 7
0)
35
0)
0)
7
14
120
3
17
15
5
32
39
7
71
27
5.4
0)
48.0
0)
0)
71
6
41
9
8
10
5
13
65
43
17
14
10
45
53
128
7
145
11
10
91.1
.430
.511
25.14
(0
(0
0)
0)
87.9
.423
20. 94 ! 18.39
6.0
53.4
47.7
52.0
48.7
47.7
50.4
55.2
51.1
42.4
38.4
45.6
42.6
46.7
49.6
48.5
47.3
47.9
49.7
47.3
100.4
.723
.852
.741
.635
.764
.704
.644
.720
.672
.758
.605
.704
46.4
43.5
46.3
46.2
48.4
47.7
43.0
51.1
96.3
93.0
95.2
91.0
94.9
98.0
93.2
90.9
97.5
.689
.633
.658
.696
.748
.741
.700
.787
.737
.724
.820
.742
.785
.757
38. 46
38. 61
39. 62
40. 61
37. 57
38. 51
33.72
30.94
38. 28
36.44
36. 47
35.44
33. 36
35. 67
38. 30
36. 77
33.13
28.48
40. 02
29. 06
29. 34
27. 59
34. 36
30. 01
33.99
32.13
35.14
34.17
31.71
30.66
34. 55 ! 31.11
35. 77
33.30
37. 20
37.18
36.38
35.11
34. 93
32. 50
35.97
34. 21
37. 51
34.14
35. 26
33. 46
39.71
40. 51
37.99
35.38
37.13
33.72
39. 67
38.74
47.7
95.0
.726
36.45
50.2 1
24
22
5
8
26.25
0)
20.14
0)
0)
43.5
5.6
13
7
6
22.94
0)
0)
845
25
6
13
.530
0)
.478
0)
26.98
87.7
0)
0)
406
30
11
31.26
49.5
5.6
5.4
5.8
5
4
4
5
32. 72
5.3
0)
17
7
36
6
8
.653
49.1
49.2
11
6
$28. 83
35.23
33.29
30.13
31. 74
31. 25
27. 76
24.14
26.83
37.44
31. 62
5.7
5.4
53.2
46.5
50.7
53.1
50.1
51.8
51.8
53.2
49.3
52.8
48.5
48.8
49.4
51.0
50.1
52.5
51.4
49.7
49.1
49.9
45.7
50.9
48.7
49.4
51.2
47.3
52.4
32
13
42.1
0)
99.8 $0. 577 $28.85
.713 35. 01
97.7
.705 34. 05
94.8
.640 31.81
96.5
.728 32.91
91.6
.665 34.11
91.5
.600 30.30
.552 26. 50
91.0
97.7
.535 27.45
101.3
.777 36. 99
93.5
.649 33. 81
100.6
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.4
5.3
5.0
5.4
5.1
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.4
6.0
44.8
102.6
102.6
91.7
95.2
97.3
106.6
96.1
86.0
72.7
94.0
87.3
94.5
97.3
96.8
90.1
93.2
100.0
0)
.688
21.11
0)
20.24
22. 87
0)
34. 65
41
G EN ERAL TABLES
T
A , — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Blacksmiths’ helpers, male:
Alabama..................................
California__________________
Connecticut________________
Georgia, ....................................
Illin ois................................. .
Indiana...................................
I o w a .......................................
Kansas________ ________ ___
K en tu ck y ................................
Louisiana. ______ _________
M aine........................................
M aryland............................. .
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan....... ..........................
M innesota...............................
M issouri........... .......................
New Hampshire.....................
New Jersey..............................
New Y ork........................... . . .
Ohio.......... ...............................
Oregon...... ............................ .
Pennsylvania...........................
Rhode Island......... ........... .
T en n essee.,............................
Texas........................................
Washington.............................
•Wisconsin.................................
Total......................................
Boring-mill hands and operators,
male:
Alabama................. ................
California................................
Connecticut.............. .............
Georgia....................................
Illinois......................................
Indiana..... ...............................
Iow a...................... ..................
Kansas...... ...............................
Kentucky............................. .
Louisiana..... ............................
Maine............. ..........................
M aryland.................................
Massachusetts—......................
M ichigan.................................
Minnesota....... ........................
Missouri....... ............................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio...........................................
Oregon......................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Rhode Island..........................
Tennessee__________________
Texas.........................................
Washington______ _________
W isconsin.................................
Total......................................
1 Included in total.
Average-
Num- Full Hours
ber of time actually
Estab E m
days hours worked
lish
ployees
worked
in one
per
ments
in one week
week
week
2
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
Per
hours
time, Made
per in one
actually hour
week week
worked
45
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.4
5.3
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.8
54.3
47.0
50.7
52.5
49.3
51.7
51.8
53.1
47.0
50.3
47.6
0)
49.4
51.4
51.5
52.2
52.5
49.9
48.5
50.8
40. 0
51.7
50.4
49.5
49.7
49.9
52.6
48.0
51.3
50.5
45.0
54.4
50.8
47.2
47.3
45.1
46.8
44.1
48.4
47.7
44.2
50.8
291
722
5.6
50.2
48.1
95.8
.525
26.36
25. 25
2
14
63
109
7
253
30
19
5.8
54.0
47.7
52.5
54.8
47.8
50.2
56.8
54.5
39.3
50.5
42.2
43.0
48.5
50.4
47.7
48.4
46.4
47.7
46.0
49.5
43.3
50.0
50.4
46.8
47.9
47.2
51.4
98.9
104.1
103.3
101.7
95.6
96.7
107.2
106.9
85.8
98.4
90.9
88.7
97.1
96.4
95.8
92.2
96.6
93.5
96.3
97.7
96.5
99.4
96.5
93.9
98.7
96.6
.694
.846
.753
.461
.784
.616
. 566
.412
.768
.726
.629
.851
.707
.647
.702
.706
.660
.762
.741
.725
.792
.706
.634
.635
.561
.793
.744
37.89
38. 75
38. 25
24. 85
39. 20
31.97
30. 00
5.5
54.6
45.8
50.8
53.9
50.0
51.9
53.0
51.0
45.8
51.3
46.4
48.5
48.4
51.9
49.5
50.5
50,3
49.4
49.2
51 4
44. 3
51. 8
50, 7
48, 5
51.0
47.8
53.2
35.17
37.24
29.19
41.27
34. 22
33.58
34. 75
35. 65
33.20
37. 64
36. 46
37.27
35.09
36. 57
32.14
30.80
28.61
37.91
39.58
37.45
40. 33
39. 56
25. 24
37. 46
30.96
32.17
22. 46
30.15
36. 64
26. 55
36. 61
34.27
32. 60
33.49
34. 20
30. 62
36. 36
34.03
35.89
34.33
35.26
31.96
29.69
26.85
37.44
38.26
5.6
50.7
49.1
96.8
.727
36.86
35.71
15
12
4
20
8
5
7
30
30
5
40
24
9
12
2
6
2
4
3
1
21
13
4
8
2
18
17
49
6
34
7
8
9
4
9
15
16
4
30
9
3
3
4
3
3
3
27
15
3
11
4
25
21
7
5
0)
42
26
13
14
4
36
49
103
8
135
14
16
30
12
6
8
6
10
4
110
84
15
52
6
119
208
514
74
4
42
9
334
33
5
3
14
15
163
354
2,208
2
12
8
6
5.4
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.7
5.9
5.4
6.0
5.0
5.4
C1)
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.3
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.8
5.3
6.0
5.4
5.0
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.5
5.6
5.2
5.5
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.1
5.7
At 7
50.4
46.5
53.6
50.7
46.1
49.9
54.8
49.0
47.0
41.3
45.0
0
92.8 $0.363 $19. 71
.618 29. 05
98.9
105.7
.521 26.41
96.6
.266 13. 97
93.5
.559 27. 56
96.5
.506 26.16
.468 24.24
105.8
92.3
.439 23.31
.480 22. 56
100.0
82.1
.471 23. 69
.457 21.75
94.5
0)
0)
0)
.502 24. 80
97.2
99.8
.522 26. 83
.471 24. 26
98.1
.530 27. 67
86.2
.532 27.93
103.6
101.8
.538 26. 85
97.3
.572 27.74
93,1
.524 26. 62
98.0
.601 27.65
90.5
.546 28. 23
87.5
.516 26. 01
97.8
.389 19. 26
96.0
.436 21.67
.607 30. 29
88.6
.558 29. 35
96.6
100.2
21.01
$18.30
28. 73
27.91
13. 48
25.74
25. 25
25.64
21.51
22. 55
19.44
20. 55
0
24.09
26. 81
23. 75
23. 82
28. 92
27.34
26. 98
24.80
27.15
25.55
22. 78
18. 82
20. 79
26. 86
28. 36
42
T
W A G E S AND H O U R S— F O U N D R IE S AND M A C H IN E
SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Buffers and polishers, male:
Alabama____________________
California
____ _________
Connecticut........................ .......
Illinois......................................
Indiana................ ....................
Iowa ________________ ______
Kentucky ................. ...............
Maine_______ ____ __________
M aryland________ _______ _
Massachusetts......................
Michigan_____________ ____ _
New Hampshire.____ _______
New Jersey_____________ ____
New York__________________
Ohio_____________ ____ _____
Pennsylvania..... .......... ...........
Rhode Island......... ...................
W isconsin-______ ___________
Total................................... .
Average-
NumHours
ber of Full
Estab Em
time actually
days
lish
worked hours worked
ployees
ments
per
in one
in one week
week
week
1
1
5
6
1
3
1
2
1
14
12
1
4
11
25
11
5
5
109
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
Made
hours
Per
time, in
one
per
actually hour
week week
worked
0)
0)
12
0)
0)
51.3
47.9
0)
50.8
0)
47.2
0)
48.5
50.0
0)
50.0
48.1
49.8
51.1
50.4
52.6
0)
5.7
5.5
0)
5.5
0)
5.6
0)
5.7
5.2
0)
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.8
46.1
44.5
0)
46.1
0)
45.1
0)
45.4
45.0
0)
49.5
47.0
43.8
50.1
48.3
48.9
0)
0)
C1)
0)
0)
89.9 $0. 611 $31.34
92.9
.760 36. 40
0)
0)
0)
90.7
.491 24. 94
0)
0)
0)
95.6
.607 28. 65
0)
0)
0)
93.6
.646 31.33
90.0
.849 42. 45
0)
0)
0)
99.0
.772 38. 60
97.7
.703 33.81
88.0
.652 32. 47
98.0
.634 32. 40
95.8
.588 29. 64
93.0
.656 34. 51
0)
0)
$28.13
33. 83
0)
22.64
0)
27. 34
0)
29. 36
38.17
0)
38.17
33.06
28.56
31.76
28.39
32.05
580
5. 5
49.4
45.7
92.5
.699
34. 53
31.96
0)
0)
0)
h
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
87.8
.450
22. 05
19. 34
29.81
33. 32
25. 00
17. 60
27. 64
30. 06
22. 61
19. 86
24. 89
0)
0)
27. 40
25.10
25.19
29.23
28. 43
26.82
28. 02
29. 92
27.40
25. 75
22.39
33.84
32. 28
28. 62
29.64
35.14
26.56
16. 45
27.49
30. 79
24.99
17.97
20.85
0)
0)
29.09
26.23
23. 33
26.80
29. 96
27.52
27.89
26.40
27.14
28.43
22.40
44. 90
33. 23
26.78
.540
27. 65
27.67
0)
0)
0)
0)
6
31
0)
4
<0
17
0)
92
118
0)
17
69
142
26
27
0)
Buffers and polishers, female:
New Hampshire_____________
New York__ ___________________
Pennsylvania________________
1
1
1
T otal............ ..........................
3
6
5.5
49.0
43.0
3
8
20
6.0
5.6
2
6.0
53.8
50.4
53.3
50.4
50.6
54.7
56.2
43.0
42.8
55.0
52.0
47.3
45.7
53.2
50.6
51.3
38.8
52.5
55.7
49.0
63.7
49.3
49.5
.551
99.4
.697
105.4
.498
106. 2
93.3 * .326
.543
99.4
.563
102.4
.445
110.6
90.5
.418
83.9
.488
0)
0)
0)
0)
106.2
.529
104.4
.504
.493
92.6
.587
91.8
105.3
.563
102.6
.544
99.6
.544
88.2
.680
99.1
.517
110.5
.511
.457
100.0
132.7
.705
102.9
.674
93.6
.541
100.2
Crane operators, male:
Alabama__________ __________
California......... ...................... .
Connecticut...............................
Georgia__________ _____ ______
Illinois_____________ ________
Indiana_____________________
Iow a_________________ ____
K entucky. ......... ........... ..........
Louisiana___________________
Maine_____________ _________
M aryland............. .....................
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan......................... ..........
Minnesota..... ..................... .......
M issouri....................................
New Jersey...............................
New York........... ................. .
Ohio............................................
Oregon.......................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
Tennessee............... ...................
Texas_______________ ______ _
W ashington...............................
W iscon sin............................... .
Total. ....................................
6.5
11
4
2
6
93
5.4
54.1
47.8
50.2
54.0
50.9
53.4
50.8
47.5
51.0
0)
0)
51.8
49.8
51.1
49.8
50.5
49.3
51.5
44.0
53.0
50.4
49.0
48.0
47.9
52.9
218
865
5.6
51.2
51.3
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
51.3
48.7
94.9
.431 1 22.11
50
19
76
17
4
6
3
2
2
1
1
9
7
4
7
14
17
47
3
31
4
2
2
0)
0)
9
20
42
99
201
7
152
7
2
2
Total........................................
2
18
20
3
1
1
0)
0)
0)
10
8
2
Crane operators, female:
Connecticut...............................
Pennsylvania....... .....................
deluded in total.
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
5.8
5.6
5.6
6.0
5.5
5.5
0)
0)
6.0
6.1
5.3
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.1
5.6
5.6
6.0
6.0
W
0)
4
5.5
0)
0)
0)
C1)
0)
21.01
43
G E N E R A L T A B LE S
T
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Average-
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Drill-press hands and operators,
male:
Alabama____________________
California __ _____________ _
Onnnfir.tir’nt
,
r-,„
Georgia______________________
Illinois______________________
Indiana.............. ........................
Iowa_______________________ Kansas____ ________________ _
K entucky___________________
Louisiana___________________
M aine_______________________
M aryland___________________
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan____ ____ __________
Minnesota___________________
Missouri__ _________________
New Hampshire_____________
New J ersey_________________
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
Oregon____________ _____ ___
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island......... ...................
Tennessee. ................................
Texas________ _______ _____ _
Washington................................
Wisconsin__________ ________
T o t a l......................................
Num- Full
ber of
Estab Em
time
days hours
lish
worked
ployees
per
ments
in one week
week
2
5
15
205
413
755
18
682
109
26
29
24
275
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.5
5.8
5.5
5.4
54,9
45.5
51,2
52. 3
48. 7
51.0
53.3
51. 7
46.3
59.6
48.1
48.6
49.3
51.2
50.2
51.6
48.9
49.6
48.7
50.5
45.3
51.2
50.4
48.5
48.6
47.3
53.1
50.8
46.2
50.0
46.9
46.5
49.2
55.3
52.7
40.3
56.7
44.2
45.7
47.9
47.3
46.8
46.2
50.5
48.6
46.8
47.2
42.1
47.0
44.9
45.0
46.6
43.4
50.1
433
4, 759
5.5
50.1
47.5
94.8
.605
30.31
28. 71
(J)
0)
(l)
0)
5.4
5.2
0)
( 1)
0)
43.4
43.5
0)
(!)
47.1
42.4
46.6
0)
0
0)
28.06
(1)
0)
21.24
20. 71
22. 42
0)
0)
0)
18.88
24.35
0)
0)
0)
0)
.435
.560
0)
0)
.437
.421
.467
O
0
0)
20. 88
5.8
5.0
5.9
(9
(l)
0)
48.0
50.1
0)
(i)
48.6
49.2
48.0
0)
20. 56
17.87
21. 75
0)
5.3
49.4
43.8
88.7
.448
22.13
19. 66
5.8
54.6
45.3
50.9
59.7
49.3
48.8
52.9
54.2
47. 5
44. 8
0)
47. 4
50. 7
49. 5
53. 3
48. 2
49. 3
48.4
50.0
53.8
48.2
50.1
49.1
47.5
47.5
52.7
55.2
44.3
42. 5
98.5
106.4
98.4
82.2
96.3
97.3
99.6
.593
.796
.651
.267
.721
.638
.422
.496
.580
.502
0)
.660
.651
32. 38
36.06
33.14
15.94
35. 55
31.13
22.32
26.88
27.55
22.49
0)
31.28
33.01
33.07
29. 05
34. 85
31. 60
34.65
32.50
31.92
38. 38
32. 61
13.09
34.26
30. 32
18
17
3
34
14
7
6
5
37
29
5
17
7
28
23
79
51
349
327
35
89
6
43
12
4
6
T otal........................................
22
12
733
168
78
15
21
2
2
8
1
1
2
2
2
1
i Included in total.
26
115
155
7
Drill-press hands and operators,
female:
Indiana_____________________
K entucky................. .................
Massachusetts_______________
M ic h ig a n .._________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New Y o r k .................................
Ohio............ ................................
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama____________________
California...... .......... ___..........
Connecticut..............................
Georgia................ .................... .
Illinois.....................................
Indiana.......................... ............
Iow a............................... ............
Kansas______________ _______
K entucky. ........... ............. .......
M aine____________ __________
M aryland____ ______________
Massachusetts....... ...................
Michigan_____ ______________
Minnesota..................................
Missouri __________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey____ _____________
N ew York_____ _____________
Ohio............................................
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Hours
Full
time
actually hours
Per
time, Made
worked actually hour
per in one
in one worked
week week
week
1
1
3
5
22
22
0)
0)
7
37
13
4
14
0)
121
2
12
17
197
277
19
562
131
38
11
2
24
10
4
4
5
2
1
35
25
5
10
5
25
20
62
12
29
63
0)
1,100
489
12
64
72
378
922
856
5.5
5.9
5.7
5.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.9
5.2
6.2
0
6.0
5.8
5.2
5.7
5.7
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.7
0)
5.7
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
&6
(0
48.2
48.3
49.1
50.3
51.2
47.2
48.4
47.1
92.5 $0.406 $22. 29
101.5
.670 30. 49
97.7
.607 31.08
.368 19. 25
89.7
.687 33.46
95.5
.541 27. 59
96.5
103.8
.487 25.96
101.9
.436 22. 54
.493 22.83
87.0
95.1
.352 20.98
91.9
.550 26. 46
94.0
.550 26.73
97.2
.626 30. 86
92.4
.577 29. 54
93.2
.694 34.84
89.5
.515 26. 57
.647 31. 64
103.3
.640 31.74
98.0
96.1
.638 31. 07
.587 29. 64
93.5
.634 28. 72
92.9
91.8
.578 29. 59
89.1
.573 28.88
.468 22.70
92.8
.504 24. 49
95.9
91.8
.701 33.16
94.4
.596 31. 65
90.4
86.8
0)
0)
96.9
86.2
97.1
101.8
93.3
94.9
0)
101.7
95.3
99.2
94.4
106.2
95.7
100.0
94.2
.668
.545
.723
.641
.716
.650
$20.63
30.94
30.34
17.27
31.92
26. 65
26. 92
22. 97
19.85
19.95
24.32
25.16
30.03
27.29
32.43
23.81
32. 68
31.09
29. 85
27.71
26.73
27.13
25. 73
21. 05
23.49
30.46
29. 86
(0
22.21
27.40
25. 69
21. 36
0)
31.80
31.44
32.83
27. 41
37. 01
30. 21
34. 64
30.63
44
T
W A G E S AND
H O U R S— F O U N D R IE S AND M A C H IN E SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked,,, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
MACHINE SHOPS-Oontinued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Fitters and bench hands, male—
Continued.
O regon.......................................
Pennsylvania......... ............ .......
Rhode Island______ _________
Tennessee..................................
Texas.......... ............ ...................
Washington...............................
W isconsin.............. ...................
Total........................... ...........
Fitters and bench hands, female:
Illinois_______ ______ _______
Massachusetts....... ...................
Michigan___________________
N ew Jersey_________ ________
N ew Y ork................ .................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
T o t a l.....................................
Grinding-machine hands and
operators, male:
A labam a....................................
California___ _____ _________
Connecticut____ ____________
Georgia___________ _________
Illinois._____________________
Indiana............ ........... .............
Iowa ............. ..........................
Kansas _____ ______________
K entucky............. ................. .
Louisiana________ ______ ___
Maine . ___________ ________
M aryland...... ............................
Massachusetts............... .........
M ichigan......... ..........................
Minnesota__________________
M issouri.......... ................. .........
New Hampshire____ ________
New Jersey................................
New Y o r k ................................
Ohio________ ________ ______
O regon .................... .................
Pennsylvania__________ ____
Rhode Island............ ...............
Tennessee...................................
Texas.......... ................................
Washington...............................
W isconsin...................................
Average-
Num- Full
Hours
ber of
Estab E m
time actually
days hours
lish
worked
worked
ments ployees
per
one
in one week in
week
week
3
33
8
44.5
51.7
50.4
49.0
53.0
47.5
52.6
35.4
48.6
46.7
44.7
49.3
45.1
49.7
79.6 $0.708 $31.51
.633 32.73
94.0
92.7
.595 29.99
91.2
.511 25.04
.522 27. 67
93.0
.775 36. 81
94.9
.635 33.40
94.5
97.2
.662
32. 77
31. 85
94.3
.488
24. 84
0)
24. 35
19. 65
17. 62
19. 24
20.10
23. 41
0)
22. 41
19.42
17. 05
18. 28
19. 74
20.14
19. 21
3
13
31
293
4.8
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.7
5.7
332
6, 661
5.7
49.5
48.1
5.6
48.0
0)
46.0
49.4
46.5
45.6
50.5
6
952
114
20
6
3
2
2
1
8
2
2
8
2
157
33
30
6.0
3
5.8
5.6
5.9
50.9
0)
50.0
50.0
48.0
48.1
51.4
20
341
5.7
49.0
46.8
0)
47.9
0)
0)
h
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(0
0)
t1
0)
0)
0)
43.1
88.7
.444
21.58
1
10
0)
99
11
0)
0)
5.5
0)
14
98
8
h
6.0
5.6
0)
50.8
51.4
51.0
49.5
50.4
53.2
49.8
47.0
0)
50.0
52.5
49.7
50.8
49.9
53.1
48.3
49.0
48.3
50.1
0)
50.0
50.3
0)
0)
47.4
52.5
Total........................................
298
2, 285
5.6
50.1
Grinding-machine hands and
operators, female:
Michigan....... ............................
New Jersey......... ......................
New Y ork ............. ...................
Ohio ...........................................
Pennsylvania....... .....................
1
1
1
1
1
Total.......................................
5
1 Included in total.
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
hours
Per
time, Made
actually hour
per in one
week week
worked
15
2
24
11
5
2
3
1
2
2
34
21
2
10
3
15
15
61
1
31
9
1
1
2
47
122
5
412
93
38
3
4
0)
8
17
185
173
14
27
13
84
185
390
(0
217
129
0)
0)
(1}
0)
0)
5.4
5.7
6.0
5.6
5.6
5.6
6.0
5.0
0)
5.3
5.1
5.6
5.3
5.8
5.4
5.8
5.3
5.6
5.5
0)
5.5
5.7
0
15
(1}
1
$
0)
0)
44.8
49.3
50.6
48.7
51.4
52.5
55.1
38.0
0)
46.1
47.2
48.9
46.3
47.1
46.0
47.8
45.1
47.6
47.0
0)
46.6
47.7
w
0)
47.8
51.1
5.3
0)
0)
48.6
0)
(0
92.0
98.8
96.9
94.8
98.2
.487
.393
.367
.400
.391
95.5
.411
0)
88.2
0)
97.3
.779
.628
.434
.735
.632
.543
.656
.509
0)
.608
.735
.651
.658
.701
.570
.649
.662
.711
.629
0)
.691
.628
0)
0)
.786
.644
0)
39. 57
32. 28
22.13
36. 38
31.85
28. 89
32. 67
23. 92
0)
30. 40
38.59
32. 35
33. 43
34.98
30. 27
31. 35
32. 44
34. 34
31.51
0)
34. 55
31. 59
0)
0)
37. 26
33. 81
95.6
.668
33. 47
95.9
99.2
98.4
102.0
98.7
110.6
80.9
0)
92.2
89.9
98.4
91.1
94.4
86.6
99.0
92.0
98.6
93.8
0)
93.2
94.8
0)
0)
100.8
C1)
$25.08
30. 75
27. 78
22.81
25. 75
35.01
31.58
0)
34. 87
30.97
21. 93
35. 77
32. 51
28.50
36.14
19. 34
0)
28.07
34.66
31. 82
30. 50
33. 03
26. 21
31.06
29. 82
33. 88
29. 54
0)
32. 22
29. 94
0)
0)
37. 51
32. 90
31. 99
0)
0>
C1)
0)
0)
19.12
45
G E N E R A L TA B LE S
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked], average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Average-
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Laborers, male:
Alabama. _______________ __
California _________________
Connecticut-........... .................
Georgia______ _____ ___ _____
Illinois _______ _____ _______
Indiana..... .............................. ..
Iow a________ ______ ________
K a n s a s ........................ .............
Kentucky............................ .......
Louisiana . ______
M aine.._ _________ _____ ____
M a r y la n d ....... ........................
M assachusetts._____ ________
Michigan....................................
Minnesota..................................
Missouri
.... ..........................
New Hampshire
New Jersey_______ __________
New Y ork ..................................
Ohio. .....................................
Oregon _______________ ____ _
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island.............................
Tennessee.................................
Texas. ............. ......................
W ashington. .............................
Wisconsin___________________
T ota l............ ............ .......... .
Lathe hands and operators, en
gine, male:
Alabama. _____ ____ ______ _
California _____ ___________
C onnecticut................ ..............
Georgia______________________
Illinois. ____________________
Indiana..... .......... .......... ............
Iowa _____________ ________
Kansas_____ _____ __________
K entucky. .......................... .....
Louisiana________________ _
Maine______ ______ ________ _
M aryland_______ _________ __
M assachusetts______________
Michigan......... ..................... .
Minnesota ...........
_ ,
Missouri. ........... ...................
New Hampshire________ ____
New Jersey. ............................. .
New York___________________
Ohio...........................................
Oregon.......................................
Pennsylvania............................
Rhode Island________________
T enn essee____________ __
Texas. ............. ........................
Washington __............................
W isconsin ........... ................... .
Total.................... ...................
Lathe hands and operators, en
gine, female:
Massachusetts_______________
Ohio.......................................... .
Total............................. .........
i Included in total.
109537°— 29------ 4
Num- Full
ber of time
Estab E m
days
hours
lish
worked
per
ments ployees
in one week
week
6
21
Average earnings^
Per
cent of
full
Hours
time
Full
actually hours
time, Made
worked actually Per
one
per in
in one worked hour week
week
week
14
81
157
38
351
5.2
5.5
5.7
5. 5
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.3
5. 5
5.2
5.3
5. 5
5.7
5. 5
5.1
5. 5
5.9
5,6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5. 5
5. 5
5. 6
5. 6
5.1
5.5
84. 5
45. 9
50.9
53. 5
49.9
51. 2
53. 5
53. 6
46.1
54. 9
48.4
49. 6
49. 7
51. 3
49.8
52. 2
50. 3
49.8
48.6
50.6
46. 2
51. 6
51.0
49.3
50. 4
47. 5
52. ?
47. ,4
44.7
50.6
50.1
48. 6
51.7
55.0
48.6
44.3
46. 7
43. 9
48.0
45.6
48.6
43.3
47. 3
50. 5
50.4
48.2
48.7
42. 7
48. 5
48. 7
46. 2
47. 7
41.0
49.6
459
8, 342
5.6
50.4
48.6
22
5. 5
5.8
5.7
5.9
5. 7
5.6
5.8
5. 7
5 5
5. 8
5.4
5. 3
5.7
5.4
5. 5
5.7
5.7
5.5
5, 5
5.5
5.6
5. 5
5.4
5. 9
5.8
5.4
5.5
54. 6
45. 5
51,1
53. 7
49. 9
49.7
52. 4
50. 3
47. 7
56. 7
4:7. 4
48.3
49. 2
51. 5
51. 4
51.0
£0 . 6
49. 5
49. 2
50. 7
45.4
51.4
50.4
48.8
49.3
47.1
53.5
49.6
45.4
49.8
66. 5
48.1
4^. 1
53. 9
50.3
43,4
52. 2
44.1
43.1
4U
47.8
47.7
4814
49. $
46.8
48.7
48.0
43.2
48.2
4-6.7
47.6
47.3
44.3
51.1
90.8
99.8
97.5
103.4
96.4
96.8
102.9
m 0
91.0
92.1
93.0
5.6
50.2
48.0
C1)
0)
0)
8
48.4
48,4
16
8
32
15
9
5
5
4
4
6
36
32
5
re
8
29
23
80
3
44
12
8
12
6
2
16
19
4
33
10
7
7
7
3
3
4
36
21
5
16
6
26
22
80
5
44
11
3
6
4
14
414
1
1
2
53
194
202
71
1,009
319
75
26
25
40
33
58
841
672
103
158
43
373
871
1, 225
21
1,182
121
219
232
17
865
183
48
40
46
19
56
31
648
278
53
159
54
252
438
1,014
26
727
125
40
66
40
266
5,964
Q)
0)
7
0)
6.0
87.0 $0.304 $16.57
97.4
. 535 24. 56
99.4
. 471 23.97
93.6
.226 12.09
97.4
.498 24.85
.437 22.37
181.0
102.8
.395 21.13
9(1 7
.362 19. 40
96.1
.406 18. 72
85.1
. 329 18.06
90.7
.419 20.28
96.8
.430 21. 33
.459 22.81
97.8
94.7
.490 25.14
.447 22. 26
86. 9
90.6
.409 21. 35
100.4
.469 28. 69
101. 2 - .471 23.46
99.2
.460 22. 36
96* 2
.453 22. 92
92.4
.490 22. 64
9 i0
.444 22. 91
95.5
.443 22. 59
93.7
.316 15. 58
94.6
.349 17. 59
86.3
.485 23.04
94. 8'
.471 24.63
96.4
.456 22.98
$14.39
23.90
23.84
11.33
24.20
22. 58
21. 72
17.60
17.98
15. 38
18.37
20.63
22. 31
23. 83
19.36
19.35
23. 70
23. 75
22.16
22. 04
20.90
21. 52
21. 57
14. 60
16. 67
19. 91
23,35
95.7
92,8
92.8
94.9
97,4
94.5
99.0
94-, 7
95.2
t ?.8
92,7
97.5
95. %
94.1
95. 5
.668 36. 47
.848 38. 58
.678 34. 65
. 547 29.37
. 767 38. 27
.643 31.96
.§85 30. 65
. 659 33.15
. 612 29.19
.630 35. 72
.604 28. 63
.586 28. 30
.638 31. 39
. 643 33.11
.647 33.26
.657 33. 51
.641 . 32. 43
.723 35.79
.724 35.62
.§94 35.19
.772 35.05
.687 35.31
.607 3a 59
.608 29. 67
.679 33. 47
.779 36.69
.695 37. 18
33.12
38. 54
33. 73
30. 35
36.89
30.93
31. 54
33.17
26. 55
32.83
26. 59
25.24
30.05
30. 7i
30.86
31.82
31.61
33. 85
35. 27
33. 27
33.33
33.13
28. 33
28. 94
32.08
34.46
35. 50
9§.6
.695
33. 33
0)
0)
0)
W- 2
<9
m o
.385
34. 89
0)
0)
18. 63
22.16
(!)
M
18. 64
46
T
W A G E S AND H O U RS— F O U N D R IE S AND M ACH IN E SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
MACHINE S H O P S -C on tin u e d
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of
Estab E m
days
lish
ments ployees worked
in one
week
Lathe hands and operators, tur
ret. male:
Alabam a____ _______________
California___________________
Connecticut_________________
G eorgia...______ ____________
Illinois_______________ _____ _
Indiana.......................... ...........
Iow a___________ ____ _______
Kansas______ ____ __________
K entucky...... .......... ........... .....
Louisiana.............. ...................
Maine__________________ ____
M aryland___________________
Massachusetts.................. .......
Michigan. ________ _____ ____
Minnesota___________________
Missouri______ ____ ________
New Hampshire........................
New J ersey..............................
New Y ork___________ _______
Ohio________________________
Oregon______________________
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island________________
Tennessee __________________
Texas _ ____________ _______
"Washington.............................
Wisconsin. _________________
T o t a l _____________________
Lathe hands and operators, tur
ret, female:
Massachusetts...........................
M ich ig a n ___________________
New Jersey______ _____ ______
T o t a l......................................
Machinists, male:
Alabama...... .......... ......... .........
California _____ ____ ______
Connecticut.................... ..........
G eorgia..________ ___________
Illinois ____________ ________
Indiana__________ _ ________
Iowa ......... ......... ...................
Kansas _____________________
Kentucky_________ _______ _
Louisiana__________ ________
M aine______________________
M aryland___________ _______
Massachusetts___ _
M ic h ig a n .._______ ______ __
Minnesota.............................. .
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire................... .
N ew J ersey......... ............ .........
New York..................................
Ohio____________ ___________
O r e g o n .................................. .
Pennsylvania
Rhode I s la n d ........ ........ ........
Tennessee .
Texas. _ _____ _____________
W ashington.............................
W isconsin. _________ _____
T ota l.......................................
included in total.
Average-
1
5.8
5.4
5.4
5.5
0)
45.8
51.4
56. 7
49.3
51.9
53.7
55.2
47.2
59.0
48.5
48. 5
49.1
50.6
49.5
51.6
49.1
49. 5
49.2
50.4
45.8
50.1
50. 7
48.4
48.6
47. 3
53.0
50. 0
0)
45.0
49.4
50.3
47.6
45.9
55.8
58. 5
36. 0
56. 0
46. 0
40.7
47.5
46.7
46.8
46.6
52.0
46.4
46.4
46.8
42.3
45. 3
46. 7
48.0
46.6
43.4
48.5
46.7
C1)
50.0
0)
50.0
0)
39. 7
46
0)
4. 5
0)
4.7
40.5
12
45
239
198
67
356
147
40
28
24
58
41
186
410
234
27
123
117
185
150
278
27
296
168
79
73
61
137
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.5
5.7
5.4
5.9
5.4
5. 5
5.0
5.7
5. 8
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.9
5.1
5.7
5.6
5.8
5. 6
5.7
5. 6
4.8
5.5
5.8
52.3
45.2
50.7
54.7
48.5
51. 7
51.0
52.7
47.7
45.1
49.7
47.9
47.5
52.0
49.7
48.6
51. 5
49.7
49.6
50. 6
47.1
50. 7
50.2
49. 8
48.9
45.6
51.8
395
3, 794
5.6
49.5
15
16
3
23
6
5
2
6
2
2
3
30
25
3
C1)
96
91
6
432
80
38
5
42
2
16
11
11
254
383
9
40
23
134
230
448
9
569
33
6
41
11
7
25
20
60
3
40
3
4
10
21
137
11
s i r | 3,167
1
6
1
8
5
24
13
8
28
12
8
5
5
5
4
7
27
25
6
13
8
31
19
56
6
31
13
8
9
7
1
Full Hours
time actually
hours worked
per
in one
week
week
.......-
0)
36
0)
0)
5.7
5.9
5.5
5.7
5.3
5.8
6.0
4.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
5.8
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.9
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.3
5.4
6.0
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
time
Full
Made
hours
Per
time, in
one
actually hour
per
worked
week week
0)
0)
0)
98.3 $0.809 $37. 05
96.1
.705 36. 24
88.7
.448 25.40
96.6
.720 35. 50
88.4
.608 31. 56
103.9
.542 29.11
106. 0
. 631 34. 83
76.3
.486 22.94
94.9
.528 31.15
94.8
.563 27. 31
83.9
.717 34. 77
96.7
. 670 32. 90
92. 3
. 674 34.10
94.5
.601 29. 75
90.3
.562 29. 00
105.9
. 641 31.47
93.7
. 713 35. 29
94. 3
. 681 33. 51
92.9
. 652 32. 86
92.4
. 728 33. 34
90.4
.672 33. 67
92.1
. 599 30. 37
99.2
.562 27. 20
95.9
.648 31. 49
91.8
.796 37. 65
91.5
. 676 35. 83
93.4
.675 33. 75
0)
$36.39
34.80
22. 54
34. 28
27. 95
30. 28
36.92
17. 50
29. 55
25. 90
29.17
31.85
31.45
28.12
26.17
33. 35
33. 07
31. 60
30. 50
30. 78
30. 49
27. 96
26. 95
30.17
34. 54
32. 76
31. 51
0)
79.4
0)
81.0
0)
. 553
C1)
.549
0)
27. 65
0)
27. 45
21. 94
C1)
22. 21
51.8
44.2
53.8
46.9
48.3
47.6
51.8
52.1
44.1
39.8
48.6
47.1
44. 5
49. 8
47. 7
46.7
52.6
43.3
49. 5
47. 6
45. 2
49. 5
47. 5
46.1
42.3
41.8
53.9
99.0
97.8
106.1
85.7
99.6
92.1
.708
.844
.739
.677
.794
.650
.618
87.1
99.8
94.1
96. 0
97.6
94.6
92. 6
86.5
91.7
104.1
. 702
.736
.660
.745
.679
.766
.743
. 678
.833
. 734
.593
. 762
.830
.788
.733
37. 03
38.15
37. 47
37. 03
38. 51
33. 61
31. 52
36. 26
32. 20
39. 06
30.81
30. 25
33. 35
38. 27
32. 80
36. 21
34.97
38. 07
36. 85
34. 31
39. 23
37.21
29. 77
37.95
40.59
35.93
37.97
36. 66
37. 26
39. 75
31. 73
38. 38
30.95
32. 04
35.83
29. 73
34. 50
30.14
32. 27
31.25
36. 63
31.47
34. 78
35. 73
33.18
36. 78
32. 30
37. 64
36. 35
28.15
35.10
35.17
32. 97
39. 49
47.7
96.4
.728
36.04
34. 68
(0
101.6
98.9
92. 5
88.2
97.8
98.3
93.7
95.8
96.0
96.1
102.1
.688
.675
.866
.620
.686
V)
47
GENERAL TABLES
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hourf and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— C on tin u ed
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S — Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
M a ch in ists’ and tool makers'
helpers, male:
A la b a m a ______ _____ _________
C a liforn ia____________ _____
C o n n e cticu t____________ _____
G eorgia___ ______ ____________
Illin ois _________ ______ _______
In d ia n a _______________ _______
I o w a _________________________
K ansas_______________________
K en k ic k y ____________ _______
L ou isiana.......... ............... ...........
M a in e________________________
M a r y la n d .................... ...............
M assachusetts_______________
M ich ig a n _____ _____ _________
M in n esota______________ _____
M issou ri............... ..................... .
N ew H a m p sh ire................... ..
N ew Jersey........ ................. .......
N ew Y o r k ___________________
O h io ............... ....................... .......
O regon____________ __________
P en n sylva n ia.............................
R h od e Isla n d____ _____ ______
Ten nessee____________________
T exas________________________
W ash in gton __________________
W is c o n s in ................................ ..
T o ta l.......... ......... .....................
M illin g-m achine hands and o p
erators, m ale:
A la b a m a ___________ _________
C a liforn ia -...................... ...........
C on n ecticu t........................ .......
G eorgia____________ _____ _____
Illin ois______ _________ _______
Indiana...... ...................................
I o w a . . . ........................ ...............
K an sas..........................................
K e n tu c k y ................ ............... .
L ou isia n a ................ ...................
M a in e______________ _______
M a r y la n d ............... ...................
M assachusetts........ ...................
M ic h ig a n ....................................
M in n e s o t a ..................... ..........
M issou ri_______ _______ ______
N ew H am pshire.......... ............
N ew Jersey...... ...........................
N ew Y o r k ___________________
O hio........................................... ..
O regon...................................... ..
P en n sylva n ia...... .......................
R h o d e I s la n d ............................
T e n n e s s e e ...................................
T exa s....................... ........... .........
W a sh in g ton ................................
W is c o n s in ................. ........... ..
T o t a l . . ......................................
» Included iu totai.
Average
N um
ber of
Estab E m
days
lish
ments ployees worked
in one
week
3
20
9
4
17
14
94
162
7
146
22
11
6
5
8
2
2
5.5
5.9
6.0
5.1
5.5
5.3
5.8
5.8
4.5
4.1
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.6
Full
time
hours
per
week
53.2
45.7
51.0
52.7
48.0
51.5
52.1
51.9
47.0
44.0
48.0
48.1
49.2
49.4
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Hours
time
Full
actually hours
Made
Per
worked actually hour time,
per in one
in one worked
week
week
week
51.1
49.8
46.3
57.7
45.3
45.9
46.1
51.7
52.3
34.8
33.3
47.8
46.1
48.0
46.4
0)
48.1
0
0)
93.6 $0. 332 $17.66
101.3
.608 27.79
113.1
.499 25. 45
.292 15. 39
86.0
.582 27.94
95.6
89.5
.491 25. 29
99.2
.400 20.84
100.8
.433 22. 47
74.0
.468 22.00
.523 23. 01
75.7
.449 21.55
99.6
.465 22. 37
95.8
.518 25.49
97.6
.516 25. 49
93.9
0
0)
0
94.1
.446 22. 79
0
0
0)
96.4
.563 27.87
.527 26. 46
96.8
96.1
.501 25. 65
93.1
.611 28.47
.512 26. 32
95. 5
.449 22. 49
97.0
.334 16.53
93.5
.521 25. 42
79.9
.631 28. 77
95.6
98.5
.498 26.19
$16.51
28.15
28. 77
13. 22
26.71
22. 60
20. 68
22. 67
16. 28
17.45
21.47
21.46
24.86
23.94
0)
21.46
0)
26.82
25. 60
24. 68
26. 55
25.15
21.82
15.47
20. 28
27. 52
25. 81
5
13
56
4
24
9
53
77
57
0)
28
0)
73
96
209
14
159
71
15
41
18
205
269
1,671
5.6
50.1
48.9
97.6
.510
25. 55
24. 96
6
5.8
5.9
5.8
54.8
45.4
51.5
52.7
46.4
49.7
102. 2
96.2
.667
.836
. 638
36. 55
37.95
32.86
35.13
38. 75
31.73
3
t>
12
11
1
11
1
23
21
34
5
26
9
4
8
2
13
16
1
25
13
3
1
5
2
3
3
33
22
3
10
7
21
19
70
1
39
9
2
2
57
147
0)
375
71
23
0)
12
2
18
13
343
124
13
22
36
78
401
536
0)
360
91
8
4
10
3
15
117
343
2,872
(0
5.5
0)
0
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.5
4.4
5.5
5. 6
49.5
50.2
51.2
46.6
51.4
50.1
49.5
48.8
45.6
52.6
47.7
48.6
49.2
43.4
49.1
48.6
46.3
39.0
43.6
51.8
0)
5.7
5.7
5.7
0
5.7
0
49.3
51.3
53.7
0
0)
48.5
51.0
57.0
0)
44.5
49.2
46.5
42.7
45. 5
50.1
45.7
51.1
48.6
48.8
47.2
47.9
5.5
47.5
59,0
48.7
48.2
47.9
50.9
50.1
52.3
48.7
49.2
48.2
50.0
0)
50.5
50.5
49.3
52.0
47.3
53.1
46.4
46.5
48.9
52.0
46. 5
51.9
5.6
49.7
47.8
6.0
5.6
4.9
4.9
5.7
5.4
5.9
5.6
5.8
5.5
5. 6
0
5.4
5.4
5.6
6.0
6.0
0
96.5
0
98.4
99.4
106.1
0
93.7
83.4
95.5
88.6
95.0
98.4
91.2
97.7
99.8
99.2
97.9
95.8
0
91.9
92.1
99.2
100.0
98.3
97.7
96.2
0
. 761
.611
.519
0)
.589
.622
.575
. 707
.676
.631
.707
.603
.681
.730
.735
.652
0
0
37. 52
31.34
27.87
0
27.98
36. 70
28.00
34. 08
32.38
32.12
35.42
31.54
33.16
35.92
35.43
32. 60
0
0
36.87
31. 20
29. 61
0
26.23
30. 55
26. 77
30. 21
30. 79
31. 59
32.30
30. 84
33.10
35. 60
34.68
31. 26
0
.680
.602
.580
.506
.802
.668
34.34
31.55
3j0.40
28. 00
28. 59
28. 39
26.31 j 26. 29
37.93
37. 29
34. 70
35.47
.685
34.04 ! 32. 76
48
T
W A G E S AN D H O U RS— F O U N D R IE S AND M A C H IN E
SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Milling-machine hands and opperators, female:
Michigan____ ________ ______
New York ........- .......... - ........
Rhode Island___________ ____
Total......... ..........................
Packers and craters, male:
Alabam a________ _____ _____
California...................................
Connecticut...............................
Georgia......... ..............................
Illinois.........................................
Indiana......................... .............
Iow a...........................................
Kansas.............. .........................
K entucky___________________
Louisiana..... .............................
M a in e .....................................
M a ry lan d .______ ___________
Massachusetts._____ ________
Michigan____________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire.......................
N ew Jersey_______ ____ _____
N ew Y ork .................................
Ohio__________________ _____
Oregon______________ _______
Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island...........................
Tennessee............. .....................
Texas.............. ................. ..........
W a sh in g ton .............................
W isconsin..................................
T otal_______________ ______
Packers and craters, female:
Massachusetts_______________
M ichigan............... ...................
New Y ork..................................
Ohio............ ................. .............
Total........................................
Pattern makers, male:
California...................................
Connecticut...............................
Georgia.......................................
Illinois............................... .........
Indiana.....................................
K entucky...................................
Louisiana....................................
Maine.................. .......................
M aryland..................................
M assachusetts........................
M ich ig a n ..................................
Missouri.....................................
N ew Hampshire........................
N ew Jersey.................................
New Y ork..................................
Ohio.............................................
Oregon........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
Tennessee..................................
Texas..........................................
Washington*..............................
W isconsin...................................
T o t a l.......................................
* Ineluded in total.
Average-
N um Full Hours
ber of
Estab E m
time aetually
days
lish
hours
worked
ments ployees worked
per
in one
in one week week
week
1
1
1
3
17
1
10
1
1
1
C1)
26
43
14
265
153
13
0)
0)
0)
1
8
155
125
0)
33
14
2
21
7
4
3
3
31
27
4
17
20
51
1
34
8
1
3
3
11
288
12
12
12
76
231
264
C1)
192
40
0)
15
7
91
1,793
1
0)
1
2
0)
3
22
m
0)
0)
(0
?}
0)
0)
48.8
46.8
0)
45.8
49.9
54.0
48.8
54.7
53.7
0)
5.8
5.6
5.6
0)
5.6
5.8
C1)
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.7
0)
45.3
50.2
57.9
49.3
50.5
52.3
0)
0)
0)
47.0
48.2
49.7
51.0
C1)
51.1
49.0
50.1
49.1
49.9
0)
51.0
51.0
0)
51.0
47.9
52.4
50.1
0)
0)
50.1
0)
49.5
0)
47.9
0)
40.5
95.6
0)
81.8
0)
0
0)
0)
0)
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Full
time
Per
time, Made
hours
per in one
actually hour
week week
worked
5.8
0)
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.8
0)
0)
0)
5.8
5.5
5.8
5.8
0)
5.9
6.0
h
46.1
46.2
48.6
49.8
0)
50.9
49.7
51.7
47.5
47.4
0)
47.9
50.0
0)
50.7
44.6
48.0
49.1
0)
0)
0)
C1)
V'
0)
0)
0)
95.9 $0.489 $23.86
0)
101.1
99.4
93.3
99.0
108.3
102.7
0)
0)
0)
98.1
95.9
97.8
97.6
0)
99.6
101.4
103.2
96.7
95.0
0)
93.9
98.0
0)
99.4
93.1
91.6
98.0
0)
0)
.625
.523
.237
.587
.509
.492
0)
0)
0)
.522
.476
.547
.531
0
0)
.445
0)
.329
0)
22.29
0)
16, 29
0)
21.31
0)
13. 35
19. 26
17. 37
18
44
5.6
49.5
44.6
90.1
.389
11
12
44
96
9
149
17
4
5
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
45.1 ■
50.2
53.5
49.8
49.9
48.5
49.6
0)
49.2
49.8
50.5
52.7
50.9
48.4
44.7
50.5
45.1
51.7
50.3
48.3
49.6
47.8
52.4
43.7
49.8
52.6
48.2
48.1
48.1
49.6
0)
48.1
48.0
49.8
47.5
50.3
47.8
51.5
48.4
45.8
49.8
50.8
49.1
49.9
46.3
50.4
49.1
96.9
99.2
9 §3
96.8
96.4
99.2
.991
.818
.771
.906
.735
.701
.892
3
16
7
7
5
17
11
43
3
29
10
3
4
4
8
235
(0
6
57
11
15
7
77
140
191
7
204
57
7
11
17
95
1,228
6.0
6.0
0)
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.3
6.0
5.6
5.7
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.7
49.6
100.0
0)
97.8
96.4
98.6
90.1
98.8
98.8
115.2
95.8
101.6
96.3
101.0
101.7
100.6
96.9
96.2
99.0
0)
28. 62
26.10
12. 79
28.66
27. 81
26.41
0)
0)
0)
24. 08
22. 00
26. 56
26.49
0)
25.34
26.95
29.14
25.04
25.73
20. 25
29.03
26. 83
26. 90
7
1
0
25.45
26. 61
28. 26
25.88
27.10
0)
27.23
26. 57
$22.89
.498
.543
.564
.527
.543
0)
.534
.521
0)
.397
.606
.512
.537
5.8
0)
5.2
3
25
7
3
3
0)
28.31
26. 25
13. 72
28. 94
25. 70
25.73
0)
0)
0)
24.53
22. 94
27.19
27.08
(0
0)
0)
0
44. 69
41.06
41. 25
45.12
36. 68
34. 00
44.24
0)
0)
.798 39. 26
.776 38. 64
.839 42. 37
.816 43. 00
.727 37.00
.930 45.01
.920 41.12
.830 41.92
.967 43. 61
.791 40.89
.766 38. 53
.755 36.47
.846 41.96
.954 45. 60
.754 39. 51
.841 41.71
0
25. 59
26.03
0)
20.13
27.03
24. 60
26.32
43. 31
40. 72
40. 55
43. 64
35. 35
33. 69
44. 22
0)
38.41
37. 22
41. 81
38. 74
36. 60
44.46
47.36
40.16
44.29
39.41
38.89
37.06
42.28
44.12
37.98
41.29
49
GENERAL TABLES
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Average-
Number of—
Num- Full
ber of time
Estab E m
days
lish
worked hours
ployees
per
ments
in one week
week
Occupation, sex, and State
Planer hands and operators, male:
A labam a.................. ............. .
California........ .................... .....
Connecticut.... ........ ......... .......
Georgia..... .......... ......................
Illinois______________________
Indiana_____________________
Iow a________________________
Kansas______________________
Kentucky___________________
Louisiana___________________
_____ ______________
M aryland_____ _____________
Massachusetts_______ _____ _
Michigan_____ ______________
M innesota... _______________
Missouri_____ ________ _____
N ew Hampshire......... ..............
New Jersey.................................
New Y ork___________________
Ohio....... .....................................
Oregon_____________ _____ __
Pennsylvania..... ......................
Rhode Island________________
Tennessee. .................................
Texas____ __________________
W ashington_________________
Wisconsin___________________
Total.......................................
Screw-machine hands and opera
tors, male:
Alabama____________________
California___________________
Connecticut________ ____ ___
Illinois______________________
Indiana....................... ...............
Iowa___________________ ____
Kansas........................ ...............
Kentucky___________________
M aine.........................................
M aryland............... ...................
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan............. ................. .....
Minnesota___________________
Missouri.....................................
New Ham pshire......................
N ew Jersey.................................
New Y ork............. ....................
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
Wisconsin____ ______________
2
6
14
17
41
148
23
9
4
135
34
2
10
6
6
6
4
13
2
8
1
0)
3 a in e ...
12
M
92.6 $0. 747 $40.56
97.2
.819 37. 67
104.5
.723 36.87
65. 9
.453 25.14
95. 5
.862 42. 32
93.8
.658 32. 77
110. 7
.654 33.55
98.7
.550 28. 93
90.8
.688 32. 27
42.1
44.3
48.4
47.8
49.2
46.9
44.9
47.8
48.4
49.2
44.4
49.9
46.3
45.2
47.4
47.1
49.9
87.7
90.4
99.2
93.7
98.2
92.7
89.3
98.0
97.8
96.5
98.7
95. 0
91.9
92.2
96.1
99.8
95.2
.613
.618
.703
.687
.635
.726
.613
.782
.773
.740
.779
.770
.636
.667
.657
.784
.703
29.42
30. 28
34. 31
35.04
31.81
36.74
30. 83
38.16
38. 26
37. 74
35.06
40.43
32. 05
32. 68
32. 39
37.00
36. 84
$37.62
36.60
38. 57
16. 59
40.44
30.69
37.14
28. 53
29.30
0)
25.78
27.33
34.01
32.79
31.21
34.02
26.88
37.40
37.40
36.42
34. 56
38.44
29.42
30.13
31.15
36. 90
35.04
0
0
0
0
3
7
87
6.0
5.9
5.4
339
1,818
5.6
50.5
48.8
96.6
.742
37.47
36. 20
2
4
7
69
116
6.0
54.8
46.9
51.9
48.7
50.9
56.0
0)
46.6
50.0
0)
49.5
50.3
54.5
44.7
44.9
45.9
47.6
58.3
99. 5
95. 3
86. 5
94.3
93.5
104.1
.595
.700-
32. 61
32.83
35.60
36.04
30.08
28.17
32.43
31.30
30. 82
33.96
28.10
29.31
0)
17.87
28.10
47.8
48.0
0
0
5.8
5.2
5.6
5.0
5.1
5.4
51.6
48.3
49.8
4S.0
50.0
49.4
50.3
52. 5
5.4
5
10
12
5
23
71
174
462
4
254
36
21
68
3
42
11
3
9
18
4
3
2
1
26
15
1
4
11
6
0)
8
4
0)
115
68
0
13
1, 520
Screw-machine hands and opera
tors, female:
Michigan____________________
Ohio....................... ....................
Pennsylvania________________
1
1
1
Total........................................
3
2
12
14
49
21
11
6.0
5.4
5.4
5.5
6
3
3
4
2
1
5.3
5.0
5.8
5.4
5.8
5.8
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.6
177
46
9
48
12
213
0
50.3
44.7
53.3
36.6
46.9
46.7
56.8
51.9
42.6
11
31
.
* Included in total,
0
54.3
46.0
51.0
55.5
49.1
49.8
51.3
52.6
46. 9
48. 0
49.0
48.8
51.0
50.1
50.6
50. 3
48. 8
49. 5
51. 0
45.0
52. 5
50.4
49. 0
49.3
47. 2
52.4
7
7
30
170
432
287
62
104
Total..................................
5.3
5.7
5.8
4.1
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.8
5.5
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Hours
time
Full
actually hours
Made
Per
worked actually hour time, in one
per
in one worked
week
week
week
5.3
5.4
5.6
5. 5
5.8
0)
4.9
6.0
0
5.8
5. 6
0
5.9
6.0
0)
1
0
/A
M
10
5.7
0
0
.686
.740
.591
.503
0
0
83.3
.461
.562
50.2
52.0
48.5
45.8
48.1
43.4
43.1
49.1
96.6
95.4
0)
97.3
107-7
97.4
95.4
96.2
87.9
85.7
93.5
.673
.731
0)
.495
.679
.660
.700
.661
. 644
.573
.617
25. 54
32.80
32.87
33. 60
33.05
31.81
28.82
32.39
24.85
35.35
31.99
32.04
31.77
27.98
24.68
30.33
49.8
46.5
93.4
.664
33.07
30.89
0)
0
0)
0)
0
0)
0)
0
0)
0)
0
0)
0)
0
0
48.7
44.9
92.2
.435
21.18
38.8
50.0
0
100.0
0
0
21.48
28.10
0
33.31
36. 77
0
(0
32.16
35.05
0
0)
0
0)
19.53
50
T
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of
Estab E m
days
lish
worked
ployees
ments
in one
week
Sheet-metal machine hands and
operators, male:
Connecticut...............................
G eorgia ....................... ..............
Illinois............................... ........
Indiana......................................
Iowa...................................... .
Massachusetts______ ________
Michigan. __________________
Minnesota___________________
M issouri.. _________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey.. _______________
New York______ _____ ______
Ohio______________________ _
O r e g o n ...! ............. .................
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island_____ ____ _____
Tennessee. . . ...... .......... ..........
Texas. _ .--------- ---------------------Washington...............................
W isconsin....................... ..........
Total_______________ ____ _
Sheet-metal machine hands and
operators, female:
Illinois
_______ _____ ____ _
Indiana.
________ _____ _
Massachusetts...........................
M ic h ig a n ........ ... ....................
New York.............................. .
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania_______________
T otal......... .......................... .
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama____ ____ __________
California ........ .......... ...........
Connecticut..............................
Georgia_________ ___ _______
Illinois.......... ..............................
Indiana................................... .
Iow a____ _____ _____________
Kansas_______________ ____
K entucky_____ ______ ____ _
Louisiana.............. ................. .
Maine. .....................................
M aryland...... .............. ..............
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
_______________
M innesota.. _________ _____
Missouri. _________________
N ew Hampshire................... .
New Jersey__________________
New Y o r k ............. ...................
Ohio__ _______________ _____
Oregon______________________
Pennsylvania____________
Rhode Island........................... .
Tennessee.............................. .
T exas.- ....................................
W ashington...............................
Wisconsin..................................
Total........................................ j
i Included in total.
4
13
15
7
3
18
16
3
4
153
2
2
5
6
21
1
19
3
1
1
1
5
137
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
12
10
4
34
74
78
0)
173
7
0)
0)
0)
32
5.8
5.6
5.6
0)
5.5
5.1
0)
0)
0)
5.3
53.5
53.8
50.0
50.4
52.5
49.0
51.1
49.5
51.9
49.5
49.6
48.1
49.6
0)
51.0
50.6
0)
0)
0)
51.6
5.5
50.2
47.4
94.4
.603
0)
0)
48.0
50.0
48.0
49.5
48.0
0)
C1)
44.4
47.9
44.9
39.0
47.5
0)
0)
92.5
95.8
93.5
78. 8
99.0
0)
0)
.463
. 549
.390
.402
.399
68
18
78
84
32
867 |
0)
0)
2
6
1
5.8
6.0
6.0
0)
(0
3
6
27. 45
18. 72
19. 90
19.15
0)
0)
20. 55
26. 32
17.49
15. 71
18. 95
45.0
92.4
.420
20.45
18.88
8
6.0
6
6.0
54.9
46.0
50.4
53.3
50.2
50.5
51.7
52.0
46.6
(])
48.1
48.0
48.8
50.8
50.5
50.4
49.2
49.3
48.2
49.4
44.0
51.2
50.4
49.1
49.4
47.2
52.5
57.3
47.7
48.7
53.6
49.6
51.3
53.4
56.3
44.4
0)
45.0
46.9
47.7
49.2
47.0
48.5
51.1
47.3
48.0
47.6
45.3
48.8
48.1
47.2
46.4
46.8
50.3
104.4
103.7
96.6
.746
.867
.735
.717
.818
.703
.642
.642
. 706
0)
.614
.701
.723
.809
.744
.805
.789
.818
.726
.876
.722
.708
.723
.712
.837
.702
40. 96
39. 88
37. 04
38. 22
41.06
35. 50
33.19
33. 38
32. 90
0)
29. 53
33. 65
35. 28
41.10
33. 73
37. 50
39.61
38. 90
39. 43
35. 86
38. 54
36. 97
35. 68
35. 50
35.17
39. 51
36. 86
42. 69
41.34
35. 83
38. 46
40. 62
36. 05
34. 30
36.13
31.32
0)
27. 68
32. 89
34. 50
39.84
31.40
36.03
41.15
37. 34
39.24
34.55
39. 72
35. 27
34. 07
34.13
33.03
39.13
35. 33
48.5
97.6
.756
37. 57
36. 63
56
115
5.8
5.6
300
77
5.8
5.9
5.8
11
2
12
6.0
2, 863
11
(l)
0)
22. 22
48.7
5.7
2
38
28. 56
5.7
354
64
30. 27
167 j
159
20
45.3
$31.24
23. 40
33. 32
28.14
29.91
25.16
27. 99
27. 76
21.48
30. 69
27. 65
28.18
27. 09
0)
27. 95
22.99
0)
0)
0)
26.38
20
4
14
5
17
h
101.7 $0,575 $30.76
100.0
.435 23.40
94.4
.706 35. 30
96.0
.582 29. 33
108.6
.525 27. 56
92.2
.557 27.29
93.7
.584 29. 84
99.0
.566 28.02
79.8
.518 26. 88
102.8
.603 29. 85
100.4
. 555 27. 53
98.8
.593 28. 52
91.5
.597 29.61
(l)
0)
(l)
92.0
.596 30.40
89.5
.507 25. 65
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
87.8
.582 30.03
43
76
85
407
607
3
276
109
9
13
12
54.4
53.8
47.2
48.4
57.0
45.2
47.9
49.0
41.4
50.9
49.8
47.5
45.4
0)
46.9
45.3
0)
51)
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.2
5.9
7
14
5.8
0)
5.5
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
5.7
5. 6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.8
4
4
35
24
3
Full
time
hours
per
week
5.5
5.4
5.9
5.6
5.6
5.9
4.9
2
2
15
18
4
24
13
3
Average eafnings—
Per
cent of
full
Hours
time
Full
;actually- hours
Per
time, Made
■
worked ,actually hour
per in on©
in one !worked
week week
week
Average-
0)
16
42
283
202
11
27
20
6
6.0
5.7
49.7r
100.6
98. 8
101.6
103.3
108.3
95.3
0)
93.6
97.7
97.7
96.9
93.1
96.2
103. 9
95.9
99.6
96.4
103.0
95.3
95.4
96.1
93.9
99.2
95.8
.668
51
GENERAL TABLES
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S — Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Other precision-machine hands
and operators, male:
Alabama
Num- Full
ber of
Estab Em
time
days
lish
hours
ployees worked
per
ments
in one week
week
3
12
Illinois __ ___________________
Indiana_____________________
Iowa _ ______________________
Kansas______________________
Louisiana___________________
13
4
27
10
3
7
60
114
14
418
53
33
2
2
2
3
9
3
M aryland___________________
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
_______________
Minnesota _________________
Missouri
_______________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey ________________
New York _________________
Ohio___ ___________________
Oregon__ _____ _____________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
Tennessee _ _______________
Texas
_ _________________
Washington_________________
Wisconsin
T o t a l _____________
Average-
1
0)
6.0
5.1
5.7
5. 6
5.6
5. 7
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.2
0)
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Hours
Full
actually time
Made
hours
Per
time, in
worked actually
one
per
hour
in one
week week
week worked
54.1
45.4
50.9
54. 3
49.8
50.7
54. 0
54. 0
59. 3
46. 7
0)
49.7
50. 5
50.3
52. 2
49.0
49.6
48.9
50.6
46.4
52.3
50.3
49.0
48.6
47.3
53. 6
55.7
43.8
53.6
56.2
47.8
51.8
55.1
54.0
54.5
41.0
0)
48.2
49.5
47.5
49.8
51.3
44.0
47.7
48.7
42.5
48.0
47.5
47.3
45.4
46.8
53.0
103.0 $0.564 $30. 51
96.5
. 806 36. 59
.702 35. 73
105. 3
103. 5
.376 20. 42
96.0
. 722 35. 96
.599 30. 37
102.2
102.0
.532 28. 73
100. 0
.613 33.10
91.9
.478 28. 35
87.8
.526 24. 56
(0
0)
0)
97.0
.636 31.61
98. 0
. 607 30. 65
94.4
. 596 29. 98
95.4
.621 32. 42
104. 7
.661 32. 39
88.7
.636 31.55
.673 32.91
97.5
96.2
.612 30. 97
.678 31.46
91.6
91.8
.666 34.83
94.4
. 617 31.04
96.5
. 598 29. 30
93.4
. 574 27. 90
98. 9
. 763 36.09
98.9
. 664 35. 59
$31.45
35. 32
37.64
21.12
34. 55
31.02
29. 31
33.08
26. 05
21.59
0)
30. 64
30. 06
28. 29
30. 91
33. 91
27.99
32.14
29. 83
28. 79
31.98
29. 33
28. 30
26.03
35. 65
35.16
6
126
52
14
18
25
70
144
403
5
255
44
3
5
3
14
98
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.9
5.2
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.9
5.5
5. 8
5. 6
316
2,001
5.6
50.5
48.7
96.4
.659
33. 28 | 32.09
2
2
1
1
2
4
3
6.0
48.0
50.0
88. 5
78. 4
0)
0)
87.9
. 514
. 602
(*)
0)
.309
24. 67
30.10
0)
o
15.30
21.85
23. 58
0)
0)
13. 44
88.8 | .330
16. 27
14. 46
32. 72
36. 37
32. 50
27. 77
34.02
30.05
•28. 83
30. 98
26.31
32. 90
27. 26
26.14
32. 06
33. 59
31. 46
29. 43
32, 56
32. 95
32. 77
31.68
32.19
33.44
31.97
29. 54
30. 09
36. 81
32. 99
32. 34
36.21
32. 94
26.17
33. 46
31. 69
29. 50
33. 89
24.84
31. 88
26.16
27.66
31. 62
32. 49
29.41
27. 91
34. 67
32. 99
33. 06
30. 30
29.84
31.60
31. 55
29. 70
29.17
35.04
31.97
32. 57 ; 31.90
32
15
4
8
4
18
20
66
2
36
10
11
10
Other precision-machine hands
and operators, fem ale:
M assanh lispf.t.s
Michigan
____________
New Hampshire_____________
New York___________________
Ohio_______________
Total______________
Other skilled occupations, male:
Alabama____________________
C alifornia.-____ ______ ____ _
Connecticut_________________
Georgia______________________
Illinois______________________
Indiana.......................... ............
I o w a ............................... ..........
Kansas............. .......... ........ .......
K en tu ck y .............. ................. .
Louisiana___________________
M aine____ ______ _____ _____
M aryland...... .......... .................
Massachusetts_______________
M ichigan.._______ __________
M inn esota........................ .......
Missouri............ .........................
New Hampshire.................. .
New Jersey................................
N ew York...................................
Ohio.............................................
Oregon_____ ____ ___________
Pennsylvania..... .......................
Rhode Island............................
Tennessee.................................
Texas
W ashington...............................
Wisconsin
Total.
*Included in total.
104
4.3
C1)
0)
5.3
49.5
42.5
39.2
0)
0)
43.5
8
122
5.4
49.3
43.8
3
18
18
5
36
16
9
65
218
281
23
3277
527
108
14
5.8
5.8
5.9
5. 7
5.7
5.7
5. 7
5.9
5.6
54.2
47.4
51.4
50.1
49.3
53.2
54.1
57.4
45.4
53.6
47.4
43. 7
48.7
49.2
46.4
48.4
54.9
49.8
48.8
48.0
41.2
48.1
49.9
49.1
48.4
45. 5
50.6
98. 7
99. 6
101.4
94.4
98.4
105. 3
102.3
109.3
94.4
96. 9
96.1
105. 8
98. 6
96. 7
93. 4
94. 9
106. 4
100. 2
95.6
92. 8
94. 5
98.8
100.4
97.0
95.2
96.9
. 596
. 764
.641
. 523
. 679
.595
.545
.590
. 547
. 595
. 553
. 633
.649
. 660
. 633
. 577
.631
. 663
. 677
. 631
. 725
.657
.633
.604
. 603
.770
.632
49.1
98.0
.650
0)
0)
(0
0)
5
14
28
43
71
804
915
127
115
95
456
1,307
1, 903
45
1,829
215
37
96
36
458
5.8
5. 7
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.6
54.9
47.6
50. 7
53.1
50.1
50.5
52. 9
52. 5
48.1
55. 3
49.3
41.3
49.4
50.9
49. 7
51.0
51. 6
49.7
48.4
50.2
44.4
50.9
50. 5
48.9
49.9
47.8
52.2
468
11,113
5.7
50.1
6
8
5
5
5
3-9
35
6
17
4
26
25
84
6
43
12
7
11
20
6.1
5. 7
5.1
5. 7
5.6
5.5
5. 6
6.0
100.8
52
T
WAGES AND HOURS— FOUNDRIES AND MACHINE SHOPS
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1927, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Number of—
Occupation, sex, and State
Other skilled occupations, female:
Illinois___________ ____ _____
Indiana.......................................
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan___________ _______ _
New Hampshire_____________
N ew Jersey___ _____ ________
New Y o r k .................. .............
Ohio________________________
Pennsylvania.................. ..........
Rhode Island__________ _____
Total........................................
Other employees, male:
Alabama. ...................................
California ...... .........................
Connecticut.................. ...........
Georgia.......................................
I llin o is ........................... ..........
Indiana.......................................
Iowa .......................................
Kansas........................................
Kentucky............. . ...................
Louisiana. . ____ __________ __
Maine____________ __________
M a ry lan d ____ _____________
Massachusetts________ _____
M ichigan____________________
Minnesota..... ........................ .
Missouri____________________
N ew Hampshire................... .
New Jersey....... ............. ..........
N ew Y ork_____ ____ ________
Ohio_________________ ______
Oregon.......................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
Tennessee--................. ..............
Texas...........................................
W ashington..............................
W isconsin________ __________
Total___________ _________ _
Other employees, female:
Illinois ...... ................................
Indiana........................................
M aine............. ..........................
Massachusetts..........................
M ichigan....................................
New Jersey—..............................
N ew Y o r k .................................
Ohio....... .....................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Total........................................
deluded in total.
Average-
NumFull
ber of
Estab E m
time
days
lish
hours
ployees worked
ments
per
in one week
week
2
1
2
11
1
2
1
4
2
1
27
6
22 i
16
5.6
Average earnings—
Per
cent of
full
Hours
Full
actually time
Made
hours
Per
worked actually hour time, in one
per
in one
week
week
worked
week
03.4 $0.321 $16.56
0)
0)
0)
91.0
.537 25.78
83.3
.375 18.90
0)
0)
0)
93.8
.396 19.80
0)
0)
0)
89.4
.480 23.14
98.3
.397 19.06
0)
0)
(0
5.4
5.1
0)
5.8
0)
5.7
5.8
0)
51.6
0)
48.0
50.4
0 ).
50.0
0)
48.2
48.0
0)
48.2
0)
43.7
42.0
0)
46.9
0)
43.1
47.2
0)
317
5.5
47.7
43.5
91.2
.401
19.13
17.44
27
237
393
25
1, 052
362
53
5.4
49.9
45.1
50.5
49.8
49.0
51.3
52.0
53.5
41.4
49.0
47.6
42.9
47.4
49.9
48.8
48.5
53.6
49.1
48.1
48.3
41.3
48.2
51.2
46.8
45.8
46.2
49.0
93.1
98.6
99.8
92.6
67.6
20.48
25.66
27.53
16.26
30. 37
26.11
26.43
25.09
18.63
20.27
26.85
23.09
25.40
30.60
25.75
23.65
24.88
27.23
27.08
24.24
27.56
27.28
26. 87
19.11
21.03
26.13
21.61
19.06
25.20
27.43
15.04
29.64
26.16
25. 79
25.07
16.80
18.40
26. 06
93.8
92.3
97.3
93.2
.382
.558
.544
.302
.605
.610
.495
.469
.405
.376
.549
.482
.512
.573
.512
.461
.486
.550
.563
.480
.618
.536
.530
.383
.424
.550
.409
25.60
0)
8
106
0)
11
0)
29
41
0)
0)
45
35
38
87
1,137
591
65
126
49
616
933
1,123
53
1,384
85
38
163
69
544
5.4
5.5
5.8
5.3
5.6
5. 7
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.8
5.6
53.6
45.8
50.6
53.8
50.2
51.2
53.4
53.5
46.0
53.9
48.9
47.9
49.6
53.4
50.3
51.3
51.2
49.5
48.1
50.5
44.6
50.9
50.7
49.9
49.6
47.5
52.6
487 ; 9,352
5.6
50.3
48.5
96.4
.526
26.46
0)
0)
0)
C1) ’
h
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
18
6
36
16
8
8
8
6
5
6
39
36 i
6 i
20 1
6 !
26 ;
23
85
6 !
44 j
11 !
7
13
5
15
22
1
1
1
6
0)
0)
0)
1
1
0)
0)
2
20
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
6.0
0)
0)
0)
5.8
5.0
0)
0)
12
6.6
6.0
48.2
50.0
0)
0)
49.1
48.0
123
6.1
49.3
4
3
12
8
6.8
77
100.2
97.4
100.0
90.0
90.9
97.1
89.6
95.6
93.4
97.0
94.5
104.7
99.2
100.0
95.6
92.6
94. 7
101.0
0)
18. 55
0)
20.70
18.75
(9
20.68
24.25
28.58
24.98
22.37
26.04
27. 02
27.06
23.20
25,54
25.85
27.13
17. 89
19.42
25.36
20.02
0)
0)
0)
.294
.334
13.30
17.50
0)
0)
14.44
16.03
C1)
13.00
15.06
0)
0)
13.26
16.49
.309
15.23
14.34
47.1
43.1
0)
0)
45.1
49.4
97.7
.276
.350
(»)
91.9
102.9
46.4
94.1
86.2
0)
$15.47
C1)
23.43
15.79
T
able
B . — Average
and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and Stale
FOUNDRIES
N um ber of—
Occupation, sex, and State
3
16
4
24
13
11
8
5
3
3
7
28
38
5
11
5
17
23
50.
7
38
8
4
5
7
13
23 $0.313
.616
.434
.507
.240
.610
.504
.492
.393
20
.401
34
.362
24
. 473
37
.442
378
.537
.574
380
43
.573
51
.499
27
.500
250
.570
296
.594
.499
486
23
.576
470
.538
120
.516
33
.337
22
.364
26
.648
254
.597
101
40
114
38
293
166
70
38
379 3, 857
.537
1
22
2
1
6
2
1
1
19
4
1
3
7
1
1
25
3
6
14
11
7
4
4
21
2
9
3
9
1
2
2
1
4
1
2
4
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
and and
and and and and and and
un
un
un
un
un
un un un
der
der
der
der
der
der der der
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
23
20
1
9
36
17
16
3
3
13
100
18
11
6
5
15
20
2
9
26
19
59
9
4
4
3
6
17
20
7
9
2
18
22
1
12
22
1
32
55
62
72
20
14
10
13
5
3
9
4
14
1
2
1
1
1
i
1
24
29
3
17
48
5
5
29
4
12
21
1
1
1
35
38
29
24
27
23
24
4
7
14
1
8
1
58
7
19
5
5
4
18
3
I
11
1
2
21
3
11
4
103
95
4
63
41
34
32
158
5
7
37
50
98
16
4
70
67
82
18
63
32
72
7
19
6
80
and
un
der
85
cents
6
2
12
2
85
and
un
der
90
cents
90
and
un
der
95
cents
95
$1 $1.25 $1.50 $1. 75
cents and
and and
and un un un and
un
un der der der der
der
$1.25 $1.50 $1. 75 $2
$1
1
3
2
1
1
7
3
g
1
1
1
1
7
1
3
8
g
5
2
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
g
1
1
3
1
3
2
4
4
5
2
1
4
11
1
1
1
11
89
4
27
4
52
17
5
5
150
32
16
9
6
6
60
33
5
3
3
83
55
5
31
6
10
12
13
3
17
g
0
4
g
3
14
1
154
502
679
791
595
366
240
145
111
48
36
20
16
32
3
15
77
1
1
2
1
1
1
g
TABLES
Total........................................
2
21
30
35
and and
un un
der der
35
40
cents cents
GENERAL
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
Alabama______________________
California........ ............ .................
C olorado._____ ________________
Connecticut___________________
Georgia...... ....................................
Illinois. ..........................................
I n d ia n a .................. ................. .
Iow a________________________
K a n sa s..........................................
Kentucky........................ .............
L ou isia n a................. ...................
M aine............ .................................
M aryland.......................................
Massachusetts................... ..........
M ichigan....................................
M innesota___________ _________
Missouri___ _________________
N ew Hampshire_____ ______
N ew Jersey................................ .
N ew Y ork ..................................
O hio..........................................
Oregon.
...... .......................
Pennsylvania................................
Rhode Island............................
Tennessee......... ........................
T exa s................ ..........................
W ashington____________
W isconsin___________________
N um ber of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Aver
age
20 25
earn Un and
and
Estab Em
ings
der un un
lish
per
ployees
20
der
der
ments
hour cents
30
25
cents cents
Oi
CO
able
54
T
B . — Average and classified earnings per hour in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— C on tin u e d
F O U N D R IE S —Continued
11
8
6
5
4
7
28
35
5
12
7
17
24
51
7
38
8
401
3,040
.755
2
6
4
1
1
5
1
1
2
5
4
8
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
4
4
7
18
6
4
1
2
1
1
1
9
3
5
4
26
16
12
4
1
3
8
8
1
22
7
3
1
2
8
1
2
1
7
12
21
1
1
2
1
5
75
and
un
der
80
cents
2
2
2
16
4
2
3
19
19
18
7
17
20
7
1
2
8
8
4
2
80
and
un
der
85
cents
12
40
4
5
15
7
22
6
6
1
2
15
2
3
3
2
4
9
17
8
22
28
30
9
25
31
7
3
34
13
4
2
4
7
4
1
5
7
17
17
13
17
4
35
1
1
2
6
20
71
167
208
277
218
251
348
328
2
2
1
2
1
2
5
4
3
2
3
31
60
3
5
2
14
2
8
8
25
5
9
9
6
1
9
43
18
6
44
1
2
4
10
4
24
1
22
1
34
9
2
1
46
1
4
1
12
14
34
3
37
4
4
17
45
4
2
2
10
26
55
47
5
1
5
2
10
3
2
11
90
and
un
der
95
cents
S
26
4
5
85
and
un
der
90
cents
3
13
3
2
18
3
70
and
un
der
75
cents
4
3
1
2
7
1
2
2
2
3
65
60
45
55
40
50
and and
and and and and
un
un
un
un
un
un
der
der
der
der
der
der
65
70
45
50
55
60
cents cents cents cents cents cents
4
8
31
7
2
14
28
35
3
83
11
2
1
7
95
cents
and
un
der
$1
$1 $1.25 $1. 50 $1. 75
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
$1.25 $1. 50 $1. 75 '$2
2
1
65
3
3
16
3
4
48
6
1
1
4
6
10
1
3
7
25
14
9
78
15
44
35
35
3
46
39
60
58
9
3
4
13
1
1
8
286
350
148
266
1
1
21
1
20
10
27
2
1
25
17
77
6
2
16
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
SHOPS
7
9
7
13
1
35
and
un
der
40
cents
MACHINE
3
16
7
26
16
19 $0. 544
117
.919
.771
20
.774
96
.434
31
227
.818
.664
170
.719
78
.563
15
9
.653
14
. 664
9
.555
52
. 650
163
.823
.714
338
.721
51
.750
63
.732
9
.804
130
.765
220
.793
393
.831
12
.789
512
52
.619
41
.607
.595
26
.798
17
.732
156
30
and
un
der
35
cents
AND
T otal................
3
21
25
and
un
der
30
cents
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Core makers, male:
Alabama.............
California______
Colorado.............
Connecticut____
Georgia________
Illinois................
In d ia n a ..............
Iow a...... ..............
Kansas...............
Kentucky...........
Louisiana............
M aine__________
Maryland---------Massachusetts. .
M ichigan______
M innesota..........
M issouri_______
N ew Hampshire
New Jersey------N ew Y ork ..........
O h i o ..................
Oregon-------------Pennsylvania. __
Rhode Isla n d .__
Tennessee...........
Texas...................
Washington____
W isconsin______
Aver
age
20
earn Un and
ings
Estab E m
der un
lish ployees per
20 der
hour cents 25
ments
cents
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
N um ber of—
Core makers, female:
Illinois-............... .
Indiana............... .
K entucky______
M assachusetts...
M ichigan_______
N ew Jersey_____
N ew Y o rk .......... .
Ohio____________
Pennsylvania___
R hode Island___
W isconsin............
T o t a l 1...............
324
.491
67
258
24
490
165
902
839
186
28
23
.306
. 557
.438
.478
.256
.549
.477
.473
.393
.380
. 353
.476
.381
.501
. 529
.491
.445
.466
.468
.525
.475
.514
.497
.487
. 296
.333
. 560
.539
135
695
1, 521
105
145
31
705
741
1,237
53
1,602
193
87
196
55
461
52
2
2
46
15
129
1
40
91
300
40
7
14
3
6
23
111
167
46
35
10
129
96
416
2
433
13
40
40
4
167
232
175
31
2
4
13
27
4
282
331
55
147
148
21
2
287
143
342
8
447
95
159
18
107
31
8
1
’ 128’
26
5
17
1
12
11
6
163
468
7
18
7
169
249
266
31
310
57
21
132
56
27
3
TABLES
T ota l.................
41
GENERAL
Laborers, male:
A labam a.. ...........
California_______
Colorado________
Connecticut____
Georgia_________
Illinois.... .......... .
Indiana...............
Iowa__.................
Kansas................
K entucky______
L ou isia n a..........
M aine__________
M aryland______
Massachusetts...
M ichigan____
M innesota______
M issouri_______
N ew Hampshire.
New Jersey_____
N ew Y o rk ..........
O hio____________
Oregon_________
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee______
Texas....................
Washington.........
W isconsin______
.555
.564
.446
.659
.421
.474
.530
.466
.427
.420
.517
1
12
13
2
48
155
110
12
71
16
25
7
13
51 1 167
1
29
522 2,129 12,861 2,369 1,103
269
175
167
135
72
40
* Including data for 2 establishments for which details are not shown.
Crc
able
33.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
56
T
F O U N D R IE S — Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
|
25
and
un
der
30
cents
30
and
un
der
35
cents
35
and
un
der
40
cents
4T)
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
and and
and and and and and and
un
un
un
un
un un un
un
der
der
der
der
der
der der
der
45
50
55
60
65
75
80
70
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
80
and
un
der
85
cents
85
and
un
der
90
cents
90
and
un
der
95
cents
95
cents
and
un
der
and and and
un un un
der der der
$1.25 $1.50 $1. 75:
and
un
der
$2
~r
4
19
3
16
7
14
7
6
5
2
4
6
27
35
4
6
6
15
20
43
5
28
8
4
6
4
11
34
134
109
53
53
205
49
244
68
.714
.960
. 80S
.811
.720
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
1
3
3
1
3
3 1
2
2
4
7 j
3
8
2
18
5
2
1
4
1
1
3
1
5
2
3
1
1
30
1
1
3
2
1
4
2
1
1
3
1
3
8
7
4
11
2
3
2
1
2
2
14
1
8
14
4
5
8
5
1
7
2
11
4
2
2
1
6
9
7
15
2
4
14
1
12
3
18
11
8
1
1
10
20
1
7
1
12
32
12
7
1
2
4
2
2
3
2
10
2
31
5
89
1
2
1
4
2
3
3
2
4
2
115
6
2
1
1
19
8
14
11
6
15
2
21
5
4
1
4
13
5
11
6
5
1
3
3
4
24
28
3
3
5
2
23
17
5
35
12
30
1
3
35
40
2
2
2
3
8
15
23
4
32
29
4
2
1
21
4
1
3
7
3
1
2
16
4
9
12
7
9
1
2
1
4
25
32
3
1
2
8
10
22
2
16
5
1
2
9
3
1
2
17
24
1
2
3
5
12
4
1
83
26
5
1
2
2
12
10
10
1
37
2
16
12
4
2
1
42
15
5
14
15
5
11
2
5
3
1
12
2
12
29
5
56
10
4
14
23
18
13
17
10
7
5
1
11
2
6
9
1
1
3
1
2
8
6
5
3
3
7
1
1
1
4
162 j| 226
195
223
196
135
258
96
203
37
13
21
7
25
22
18
4
34
5
123
3
3
10
1
6
2
3
3
22
6
8
12
11
4
7
20
17
20
6
6
35
29
21
42
4
4
52
1
3
12
2
21
8
SHOPS
Molders, hand, floor, male:
A la b a m a ..____ __ _____________
California_____________________
Colorado____ __________________
Connecticut___________________
Georgia...........................................
22
60 $0.941
.683
. 595
.774
. 796
.747
8
.582
11
.567
4
. 530
12
. 685
31
.704
295
.900
294
.841
36
. 851
18
.708
25
.694
73
.909
157
.734
237
. 790
8
.820
185
.749
57
.815
34
. 550
.643
15
11
.816
50
.694
2,063
.789
111
MACHINE
324
18
13
4
AND
Molders, hand, bench, male:
California___________ __________
Connecticut.................... ..............
Georgia...........................................
Illinois,..................................... .
Indiana_______ _______________
Iowa.............................. ...........
Kansas............................................
K entucky.......................................
Louisiana.......................................
M aine......................................... .
M a ry la n d ....................................
Massachusetts..............................
M ichigan_____________________
M innesota______ ______________
M issouri........... ............................
N ew Hampshire........ .................
N ew Jersey................................ .
N ew Y ork ......................................
O hio................................................
Oregon............................................
Pennsylvania........ ......................
E hode Island___________ ______
Tennessee.......................................
Texas___ ______________________
W ashington___________________
W isconsin.____ ________________
T o ta li
...................................
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
$1
J
1
$1 $1. 25 $1.50 $1.75
AND
A
age
20
earn U n and
ings
Estab E m
der
un
lish ployees per
20 der
ments
hour cents
25
cents
WAGES
Num ber of—
402
361
288
130
44
35
41
35
96
367
417
45
146
49
262
326
832
38
739
106
87
69
67
176
5, 375
.831
.709
.816
.623
.657
.703
.667
.773
.971
.789
.667
.817
.735
16
4
. 955
.638
.648
.706
. 787
.724
.691
.584
.569
.639
.836
.730
~68
6
12
29
325
456
25
28
19
220
312
247
214
101
,
7
19
.888
3
12
103
484
420
769
391
1
1
18
1
17
32
11
74
.666
.657
. 793
.757
.787
. 765
.700
. 772
.444
102
2Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
4
.832
.848
.865
.817
.759
.696
.732
.843
.800
27
55
275
347
67
TABLES
111
17
217
336
29
3
GENERAL
Illinois...................
Indiana.................
Iow a...... ................
Kansas..................
Kentucky_______
Louisiana.............
M aine___________
M aryland_______
Massachusetts__
M ichigan_______
M innesota______
M issouri________
N ew Hampshire.
N ew Jersey_____
N ew Y ork ............
O hio_______ _____
Oregon...................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee.. ..........
Tfexas--................
W ashington.........
W isconsin_______
T otal.
Molders, machine, male:
California____________
Colorado.. ...................
Connecticut................
Georgia.........................
Illinois-..........__..........
Indiana
== =___
Iow a____ ____________
Kansas.........................
K en tu cky. ...................
M aryland___________
Massachusetts____ ...
M ichigan...... ..............
M inn esota..................
Missouri......................
N ew Hampshire____
N ew J e rs e y ...............
N ew Y ork __________
Ohio_________ _______
Pennsylvania_______
Rhode Island_______
T e»nessee....................
T exas...........................
W iscon sin ................ .
Total 3.
309
328
278
3 Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
T
able
Oi
B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— C o n tin u ed
00
F O U N D R IE S — Continued
4
5
52
12
5
17
10
7
7
4
20
12
3
9
9
17
24
5
24
4
6
8
5
7
247
20
21
98
108
30
99
106
80
207
16
224
10
66
38
22
38
1,820
$n st9.fi
1 .616
! .466
| .533
| .259
j . 543
.440
.431
.372
.379
.404
.451
. 528
. 597
.438
.499
.493
.576
.473
.596
.546
. 526
.313
.398
.617
.498
3
23
44
21
9 i
i
3
1
2
1
32
33
9
32
24
11
1
5
3
23
1
10
2
1
3
1
1
22
1
37
15
4
1
1
11
10
27
1
28
28
5
6
1
1
12
6
51
11
10
8
9
13
6
32
3
16
47
4
59
4
5
5
12
3
2
22
1
2
166 ! 128
250
354
2
21
3
15
2
7
34
2
1
7
380
4
17
33
4
18
.785
1.003
.899
.651
1
i
j
1
!
__
j
|
1
,,.....1
.
1
3
85
and
un
der
90
cents
90
and
un
der
95
cents
j
95
50 $1. 75
cents $1 $1. 25 $1.
and and and and
and un un un un
un der der der der
der
$1. 25 $1.50 $1. 75 $2
$1
1
4
2
2
4
2
3
7
7
6
1
1
1
149
4
19
7
2
i
2
3
9
10
4
2
6
16
9
1
4
1
3
1
7
15
1
11
1
1
10
1
4
1
138
2
1
2
2
3
5
30
2
!____ 1........
I
____ 1........
■
1 .
2
1
1
l
l
1
1
i
10
i
1
1
1
15
2
2
1
""
fT I
" 'T " - ~
!
i
1
I
1
28
Jl
1
1
i
.
2
86 1 46
1
i
80
and
un
der
85
cents
8
1
3
11
2
75
and
un
der
80
cents
' "!
48
18
8
5
5
16
14
3
27
13
42
7
3
5
3
23
17
1
20
2
10
21
3
1
4
29
5
4
5
9
4
9
5
28
4
24
3
42
5
4
l
.484 ____
4
20
1
57
14
5
6
20
2
2
10
6
11
5
4
1 _
4
11
1
70
and
un
der
75
cents
10
6
5
2
4
1
1
1
3
20
2
=
1
SHOPS
8
53
59
82
51
102
103
24
46
3
65
and
un
der
70
cents
MACHINE
T o t a l2- .......................................
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama
California
Colorado
Connecticut...................................
11
45
50
60
40
55
and
and and
and
and
un
un
un
un
un
der
der
der
der
der
50
55
45
60
65
cents cents cents cents cents
AND
California _____
C olorado..............
......
Connecticut
Georgia
_____
Illinois
______ __
I n d ia n a ________ _
_
. .
Iowa
- Kansas
K entucky ____
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts__
__
Michigan
Minnesota ___
Missouri ______
N ew Jersey
N ew York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
_ __
Rhode Island
Tenn essee
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin - __
30
35
and and
un- un
der der
35 ! 40
cents- cents-
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
M olders’ helpers, floor, male:
25
and
un
der
30
cents
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
20
earn Un and
Estab E m
ings
der
un
lish
per
20 der
ments ployees hour cents
25
cents
WAGES
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
N um ber of—
Total *.............
4
2
10
7
132
.669
.891
.932
.685
.722
.759
.629
.741
.752
.846
.730
1.070
.773
.862
.815
.836
.912
.836
.662
.876
.713
.902
.780
259
1,512
.830
12
10
8
8
2
3
7
22
29
5
7
2
13
20
30
2
30
3
5
4
15
139
89
17
11
3
14
20
154
139
25
35
8
137
115
178
8
161
11
13
6
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
6
1
1
1
3
1
1
6
4
1
1
1
3
7
3
4
6
2
2
5
4
5
15
9
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
4
7
3
8
6
1
2
8
1
10
5
3
4
5
25
2
13
3
3
1
1
2
22
5
1
2
1
28 " ’ 26"
13
20
8
6
16
13
2
1
2
23
20
5
2
2
17
17
2
1
2
2
11
8
2
2
22
12
11
1
12
19
23
4
19
15
•20
16
29
19
14
13
58
7
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
10
2
1
28
39
39
1
4
2
19
12
21
1
21
18
5
14
16
64
1
2
13
12
29
1
8
4
19
2
1
3
3
1
5
13
24
34
34
11
6
3
1
2
1
28
79
99
153
187
246
159
199
101
205
3
61
3
9
41
19
34
2
2
18
33
39
32
19
28
13
3
12
7
4
6
108
19
214'
4
44
4
23
7
8
13
1
1
6
2
2
8
5
1
1
20
2
14
18
2
31
14
:9
3
6
2
3
5
9
24
5
15
4
26
22 $0. 561
146
324
7
860
325
89
40
76
2
22
41
241
504
68
134
16
480
.810
.684
.606
.679
.536
.513
.431
.504
.412
.556
.645
.605
.618
.617
.564
.577
.713
1Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
1
4
1
1
1
13
3
8
2
8
1
2
1
3
4
5
5
1
3
5
5
10
25
42
13
62
28
19
61
9
3
9
71
72
16
3
123
48
5
5
9
36
1
4
5
35
73
14
25
1
12
5
2
4
4
5
27
3
13
3
6
1
9
6
6
6
6
27
1
1
127
28
2
86
1
1
11
31
9
15
16 - 10
3
6
50
72
13
46
87
16
17
4
9
49 I 25
74 1 47
8 ; 8
26 !i 8
1
77
76
6
2
21
1
44
6
1
2
__
58
1
1
3
3
44
4
2
60
3
22
2
2
1
56
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
j
3
1
TABLES
M ACH INE SHOPS
Assemblers, male.
Alabama........... ..........................
California...... .............. ............... .
C onnecticut.____ ______________
Georgia.......... ....................... .........
Illinois.......................... ..................
Indiana...........................................
I o w a . ........ ....................................
Kansas— ...... ...............................
K entucky_____________ ________
Louisiana___________ __________
M aine....................... ......................
M aryland______ _______________
M assach uset ts.......... ...................
M ichigan____________ _________
M innesota........ ............ ...............
M issouri............. ..........................
N ew Hampshire........ ............... .
New Jersey........ ..........................
1
16
7
13
2
22
3
GENERAL
Georgia.............
Illinois.................
Indiana. .............
Iow a............. .......
Kansas_________
Louisiana............
M aine__________
M aryland______
Massachusetts. _
M ichigan______
M innesota_____
M issouri_______
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey____
N ew Y o rk _____
O h io ...................
Oregon_________
P ennsylvania.. .
Rhode I s la n d ...
Tennessee______
Texas__________
W ashington........
W isconsin______
2
2
2
1
1
29
16
8 . 11
6
Or
CO
able
B .—
Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
60
T
M A C H IN E SH O P S —Continued
T otal...........................................
976 $0.
1,718
30
1,187
143
30
67
34
437
.653
14
63
109
7
253
30
19
.694
.846
.753
.461
.784
.616
.566
.412
.768
. 726
.629
.851
.707
.647
.702
.706
.660
.762
.741
.725
6
10
4
110
84
15
52
6
119
208
514
310
389
62
300
124
133
26
112
133
16
29
1
44
3
7
46
84_
2
5
1
856 1,049 1,252
75
and
un
der
80
cents
80
and
undfer
85
cents
85
90 | 95 j
and and cents; nd
un un- and
der der , un- dpr
95 der L reI ,
90
cents: cents $1
174
277
7
167
18
• 4
3
4
29
71
962
823
457
169
$1. 25 $1. 50 $1.76
and and and
un un un
der der der
$1. SO $1. 75
15
10
SHOPS
8,019
44
194
70
and
un
der
75
cents
MACHINE
65
60
35
45
50
55
40
and and and and
arrd and and
un
un
un
un
un
un un
der
der
der
der
der
der der
65
70
60
45
55
4-0
50
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
AND
Boring-mill hands and operators,
male:
Alabama........................................
C aliforn ia....................................
Connecticut............. ............. ......
Georgia........ ..................................
Illinois..................................... ......
Indiana..........................................
Iow a...................... ........................
Kansas...........................................
Kentucky.....................................
Louisiana.......... ............................
M aine________________________
M aryland......... ............................
M assachusetts_______ ________
M ich ig a n ......................... ............
M innesota---------------------------- Missouri_______ ______________
New Hampshire.........................
New Jersey___________________
New Y ork ........ ............ ....... .......
O h io ...............................................
Em-
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Assemblers, male—Continued.
N ew Y ork ................................ .
O h io ..............................................
Oregon...........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
R hode Island...............................
Tennessee......................................
Texas............. ...............................
W ashington..................................
Wisconsin......... ............................
Estab
lish
ments
A ver
age
20 j 25
30
earn
a n d ; and arnd
ings Un
der un- |un un
per
der |der der
20
hour cents 25 | 30
35
cents cents Cents
AND
Occupatian, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Num ber of—
-6 S --o Z S S 6 0 I
Oregon...........................................
Pennsylvania____ _____________
R hode Island................................
Tennessee........... ._ ............ ...........
Texas........ ......................................
Washington...............................
W isconsin.......................................
4
42
9
334
33
5
3
14
15
163
.792
.706
.634
.635
.561
.793
.744
T ota l. .........................................
354
2,208
.727
2
26
115
155
5
15
205
413
755
18
682
109
26
29
24
275
.406
.670
.607
.368
. 687
. 541
.487
.436
.493
.352
.550
.550
.626
.577
.694
.515
.647
.640
.638
. 587
. 634
.578
. 573
.468
.504
. 701
.596
433
4,759
.605
12
.593
.796
.651
.267
. 721
.638
.422
.496
.580
.502
Fitters and bench hands, male:
A labam a........................................
California............................. .........
Connecticut......... ........................
Georgia...........................................
Illinois................... .......................
Indiana...........................................
I d w a .................... ........................
Kansas............................................
K entucky................................. __J
M a in e ............................. .............
4
1
5
65
3
3
42
8
1
1
1
21
10
1
1
22
6
1
44
4
46
5
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
10
29
28
28
12
100
138
273
312
352
305
1
14
3
9
31
29
29
17
54
32
16
86
5
1
1
2
3
5
62
37
4
4
59
30
3
18
7
30
99
163
4
3
67
14
4
12
16
42
6
8
1
6
1
2
5
2
38
1
8
21
295
1
22
2
13
178
13
4
1
2
8
3
g
1
51
4
1
79 | 51
---- "*
18
17
3
34
14
7
6
7
2
2
5
37
29
5
17
7
28
23
79
6
43
12
4
6
2
17
11
2
24
10
4
4
5
2
12
733
168
78
15
21
5
22
51
349
327
35
89
22
197
277
19
562
131
38
12
29
63
5
2
1
1
1
3
4
2
3
3
1
2
2
1
6
5
6
1
1
40
12
2
1
10
2
14
27
8
13
25
56
27
5
15
14
29
57
37
28
125
2
1
1
14
20
24
6
1
1
6
4
34
50
144
4
89
17
25
33
16
12
7
18
13
3
4
16
1
1
2
2
1
87
23
65
15
4
136
9
118
3
69
36
25 j
4
11
8
3
26
85
94
3
69
1
1
1
1
40
18
4
4
3
17
46
55
15
33
64
4
1
11
5
8
26
4
11
2
3
17
35
31
15
6
46
4
16
3
10
14
3
1
91
46
16
13
4
6
1
115
36
4
3
1
1
5
29
56
59
51
4
7
34
14
14
10
1
53
153
260
386
683
688
755
574
456
361
198
1
1
7
49
2
3
7
3
1
3
1
1
1
19
1
.....
7
1
1
3
2
5
7
7
5
5
3
21
9
12
2
4
4
2
3
2
21
4
7
1
14
39
34
38
19
47
18
1
3
2
12
1
6
18
96
12
1
3
2
60
20
5
4
4
10
2
g
57
1
65
21
1
1
3
1
1
8
1
6
1
1
58
5
4
57
2
10
1
1
1
5
29
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
6
4
15
8
1
8
1
3
7
23
16
2
|
........ 1.........
]
i
j
1
6
1
8
2
1
25
35
2
21
5
6
1
1
2
2
48
1
4
1
2
4
3
10
8
3
1
9
3
2
1
3
14
26
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
17
31
27
31
51
14
26
4
14
11
2
15
4
74
19
68
11
59
3
42
5
37
3
19
20
1
1
1
2
4
1
TABLES
T o t a l . .................... .......... ...
8
6
3
GENERAL
Drill-press hands and operators,
male:
Alabama.........................................
California..................................
Connecticut......... .....................
Georgia.......................................
Illinois.......................... .............
Indiana............. ........................
Iow a...................... ............
Kansas.................. ............. .......
K en tu ck y....................
Louisiana.....................
M aine_____
M aryland___________ , ...........
Massachusetts...........................
M ichigan..................................
M innesota________
Missouri......... ................
N ew Hampshire _______ _
N ew Jersey.....................
N ew Y o r k ..............................
Ohio__..................................
Oregon________ _____________
Pennsylvania................................
Rhode Island........ .......................
Tennessee............................
Texas....................................
W ashington...................................
W isconsin.....................................
2
12
2
2
1
1
T
able
B . — Average
and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
M A C H IN E SH O P S —Continued
25
5
10
5 I
25
"Mow FTamn^TiirA
New Jersey
N"gw York
Ohio
Pennsvlvania
35
20
*
62
3
33
Tennessee---------------------------- __*
3
\V\Y
Tdolllll^s
oohin rrtr»T
IU I1i ----- ---------------------------------------
3
13
W isconsin-....................................
Grinding-machine hands and opera
tors, male:
Pal ifAvnicj
P atjtio nti t
1/
nn Q o C
Massachusetts
M ichigan......................................
10
8
26
64
72
378
922
856
«
952
114
.545
.723
.641
.716
. 650
.708
.633
.595
.511
.522
. 775
1
10
1
12
22
14
61
12
20
g
31
293
47
.779
.628
.434
. 735
.632
.543
.656
.509
. 608
.735
.651
.658
24
412
93
38
3
4
g
17
185
173
5
2
3
2
2
34
21
3
!
I
1
7
33
2
1
13
1
86
1
1
1
1
........i
8
1
9
3
1
14
91
65
27
43
133
67
8
18
23
204
151
5
153
9
39
37
20
1, 007 1,045 965
698
206
67
4
203
87
7
10
4
51
142
152
5
7
34
298
159
140
2
45
47
4
3
76
21
2
106
35
7
145
4
4
6
15
37 |
62
53
1
173
257
1
1
6
1
6
9
6
2
9
6
1
2
5
6
1
11
6
148
61
39
38
45
97
1
2
202
115
42
81
18
89
i
'.635
.662
122
11
.668
6, 661
15
2
13
32
.651
6
11
21
2
2
2
5
1
6
2
2
1
44
33
30
18
22
5
1
3
1
5
7
25 ” 28"
64
24
78
32
23 i 18
87
5
40
3
13
11
10
1
95
90
and cents
un and
der un
95 der
cents $1
25
1
22
2
9
5
1
4
4
1
4
5 I
9
1
413
276
158
70
4
17
3
26
5
23
9
13
1
8
2
7
3
3
8
1
1
18
40
15
7(
46
14
7
43
13
3
48
51
43
61
21
8
1
1
2
4
17
28 ,1
31
50
18
1
1
1
2
1
8
1
1
1
1
1
21
17
12
25
13
6
1
1
20
15
8
1
1
1
11
2
23
18
6
3
2
20
12
1
1
5
5
10
765
8
8
1
1
14
1
634
1
$1 $1. 25!$1. 50 $1. 75
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
$1. 25 $1. 50 $1. 75 $2
4
78
5
16
1
2
1
5
|
____ 1........
SHOPS
THinni^
Indiana-----------------------------------
332
2
489
85
and
un
der
90
cents
MACHINE
Total 2.........................................
2
1,100 $0. 660
80
and
un
der
85
cents
AND
6
70
75
60
65
55
45
50
40
35
and and and and and and
and ; and and
un
un
un
un
un
un
un
unun
der der
der
der
der
der
der
der i der
75
80
65
70
60
50
55
40 ; 45
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cent cents
30
and
un
der
35
cents
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Fitters and bench hands, male—
Continued.
Massachusetts
Michigan
TV/Ti
A ver
age
20 25
earn Un and and
ings
Estab E m
der un un
per
lish ployees
20 der der
hour cents 25
ments
30
cents cents
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
N um ber of—
14
27
13
•84
185
390
217
129
Minnesota---------
M issou ri..............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey.........
New Y o r k ______
O hio____________
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island____
W ashington.........
W isconsin.............
Lathe hands and operators, engine,
male:
Alabama______________________
California___ _________________
Connecticut— ............................
Georgia................................... .
Illinois_______________________
3
2
1
4
5
2
6
2
5
8
9
9
42
1
2
1
8
1
2
2
12
6
12
13
21
26
2
10
3
4
4
122
200
249
343
343
303
200
175
133
3
1
1
9
9
4
4
28
58
44
32
39
47
35
17
11
1
.304
4
.535
.471
.226
6 43
.498
1
.437
i
.395
.362 . . . . j 1 -------.406
.329
! ii
i
.419
.430
---------. 459
. 490
.447
j
.409
.469
!
.471 !
i
.460 :
.453
.490
.444
.443
.316
.349
.485
.471
1
3
44
1
3
42
14
62
105
62
43
14
16
3
5
13
36
74
29
268
115
24
216
72
9
191
33
5
161
4
77
25
3
1
------------
71
1,009
319
75
26
25
40
33
58
841
672
103
158
43
373
871
1,225
21
1,182
121
81
157
38
351
8, 342
22
219
232
17
865
7
58
16
1
1
6
9
4
7
3
4
2
2
4
1
6
6
6
4
1
1
12
64
30
4
33
3
7
19
143
2
62
103
8
9
54
76
13
35
3
2
4
8
65
8
12
1
17
20
6
285
134
52
83
13
98
292
324
3
474
56
1
11
23
4
87
6
1
5
1
11
6
1
25
296
127
24
23
5
128
246
15
304
424
4
290
47
204
235
9
184
9
39
55
5
46
11
2
3
26
67
3
25
12
121
143
10
9
122
647 2, 448 2, 243 1, 676
318
.668
.848
.678
. 547
.767
6
11
14
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
10
19
26
53
17
35
53
194
1
6
1
7
10
12
9
60
7
62
3
2
21
8
11
1
1
1
4
37
14
3
?
25
3
1
2
12
5
3
2
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
1
17
2
2,285
202
459
1
6
1
2
21
4
3
13
22
25
2
1
1
6
2
4
4
3
9
1
1
1
56
30
33
4
4
5
1
L_ _
j
1
2
1
1
3
i
27
59
7
1
6
21
1
520
23
47
7 !
1
3
1 4 !| 41
i ;
1
1
7
1
13
4
1 !
2 [
1
1
25
20
8
4
1
1
1
3
3
16 ! 56
29
30
6 ; i
76 I 102 149
4
50
18
34
5
27
9
14
16
3
1
2
8
230
2
1
4
29
18
48
10
28
39
73
1
1
2
10 ,
20
7
4
1
2
9
27
28
1
1
i
1
70
4
5
34
1
1........
I
TABLES
T otal.
5
GENERAL
Laborers, male:
A la b a m a .............
California_______
Connecticut_____
Georgia_________
Illinois............... .
Indiana_________
Iow a. ............. .......
Kansas__________
K entucky_______
Louisiana_______
M aine__________
M aryland_______
Massachusetts.. _
M ichigan_______
M innesota______
M issouri________
N ew Hampshire.
New Jersey_____
N ew Y ork ______
O hio____________
Oregon__________
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee_______
Texas___________
W ashington_____
Wisconsin_______
1
1
.701
.570
.649
.662
.711
.629
.691
!
3
174 1 97
1
38 ! 29
38 ,
4 Including data for 5 establishments for which details are not shown.
6
1
O i'
CO-
able
64
T
B . — Average and classified earnings per hoyir in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
21
5
16
6
26
22
80
5
44
11
3
6
4
14
414
6
5
2
6
96
91
6
432
80
38
5
42
.809
.705
.448
.720
.608
.542
.631
.486
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
2
4
6
10
29
11
10
3
8 !
19
4
5
1
8
2
6
16
21
7
76 ! 128
30
29
6 i
7
16
14
5
7
6
14
14
22
67
83
9
21
27
36
1
16
9
16
5
5
9
10
1
1
1
2
1
14
5
3
5
4
1
2
l
5
3
5
8
3
3
12
8
11
60
20
3
3
25
11
4
12
2
12
169
42
3
13
27
9
5
3
9
5
100
31
50
164
43
14
14
5
50
78
171
92
37
3
5
108
26
5
7
21
2
10
138
75
19
30
37 | 28
75 i 43
4
5
82
39
3
8
11
6
1
1
21
9
12
1
17
1
1
6
2
2
2
2
i
~ *r
4
23
4
5
16
7
10
12
4
4
12
40
5
42
46
4
56
19
19
20
2
2
1
1
1
39
13
9
37
18
4
43
10
6
3
3
5
19
36
2
2
9
15
17
627
3
9
313
143
6
1
1
5
1
j........
4 !
I
1
1
17
4
34
14
12
39
72
127
6
1
1
14
3
1
11
5
9
41
104
186
16 1 4
14 | 11
9 1 1
53
9
14
10
3
36
33
3
6
6
51
1
19
23
1
21
1
6
1
11
1
12
1
3
9
5
1
9
1
1
3 !
96
33
3
8
4
9
19
516
9
4
1
738
28
417
4
4
i
916
2
190
2
2
9
1
3
11 ____
1
2
6
69
11
95
4
11
2
$1
875
1
7 | 29
5
2
95
$1.25
cents $1 and $1. 50 $1. 75
and and
and and
un un un
un
un
der der der
der
der
$1. 25 $1. 50 $1. 75 $2
15
4
3
37
2
45
867
40
4
90
and
un
der
95
cents
3
3
102 ~ n y
1
! _
j
!
1 !
1
10
1
51
SHOPS
15
16
3
23
183 $0. 643
48
. 585
. 659
40
46
. 612
19
. 630
56
. 604
31
. 586
648
.638
278
.643
53
. 647
159
. 657
54
. 641
252
. 723
438
. 724
1,014
. 694
26
.772
727
. 687
125
. 607
40
. 608
66
. 679
40
. 779
266
.695
| 5,964
.695
85
and
un
der
90
cents
MACHINE
7
7
7
3
3
4
36
80
and
un
der
85
cents
AND
T otal________________________
Lathe hands and operators, turret,
male:
California
Connecticut
________________
Georgia
Illinois_________ _______________
Indiana
- Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky.......................................
10
45
50
35
40
55
60
65
70
75
and and and and and and and and and
un un
un
un
un
un
un un un
der der
der
der
der
der der der
der
40
50
55
60
65
70
80
45
75
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
___
Maryland
Massachusetts
_
___
M ichigan.
__ _
____
Minnesota
Missouri _
_
___
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey
N ew York
_
_
___
_____ _______
Ohio
_ _
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Kliode Island
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin _
25
30
and and
un un
der der
30
35
cents cents
AND
Lathe hands and operators, engine,
male— Continued.
Aver
age
20
earn U n and
Estab
ings
un
der
Em
lish per
20 der
ments ployees hour cents 25
cents
WAGES
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
N um ber of—
Louisiana.............
11
254
383
134
230
448
9
569
33
10
41
21
137
343 | 3,167
395
.528
.563
.717
.670
.674
.601
.562
.641
.713
.681
.652
.728
.672
.599
.562
.648
.796
.676
1
1
13
18
7
3
1
4
3
1
1
5
31
2
3,794
.728
1
1
5
2
9
26
16
38
40
30
3
3
2
6
2
8
39
1
19
11
21
44
4
2
3
2
7
159
115
1
5
5
7
19
43
3
.708
.844
.739
.677
.794
.650
.618
.702
.736
. 660
.745
.679
.766
.743
.678
.833
.734
.593
.762
.830
.788
.733
1
11
10
4
67
356
147
40
28
24
58
41
186
410
234
27
123
117
185
150
278
27
296
168
79
73
61
137
1
2
2
1
6
10
277
1
9
3
1
2
2
.688
4
.675 1
6
9
4
2
.866
.620
.686
1
1
1
5
2
7
3
7
2
2
2
1
1
2
14
2
5
8
11
1
1
9
28
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
32
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
2
50
43
48
30
33
34
2
2
12
20
76
3
19
25
81
3
26 ” 23’
34
31
51
72
36
59
78
2
8
1
1
2
2
6
1
3
7
18
334 j 388
26
416
20
1
12
4
9
17
7
1
6
8
11
10
3
10
13
2
5
2
25
8
46
36
11
3
3
7
29
89
32
3
13
46
10
2
2
58
28
8
5
1
3
95
' 46
1
1
1
2
22
1
32
4
52
11
2
21
2
32
9
45
39
12
4
11
207
523
6
6
5
16
3
1
2
10
9
1
2
16
14
23
13
14
16
6
12
2
6
1
6
5
5
2
1
1
2
1
2
474
222
129
44
9
1
6
* Over $2 per hour.
1
6
16
3
3
597
122
1
14
32
9
13
1
4
14
19
640 ! 617
19
2
1
41
2
11
1
1
10
22
1
4
6
5
25
25
7
4
5
1
2
33
85
36
7
22
3
5
80
1
32
9
62
4
27
14
33
25
22
10
31
81
42
68
I
15
3
20
3 :____
18
7
17
6
41 ;
6
1
26
2
12
1
27
9
1
1
1
1
0
i
4
32
70
39
01
5 ,
3
83
2
1
6
6
16
36
29
14
37
14
1
3
6
10
12
4
1
5
3
14
13
168
8
10
1
3
17
14
28
307
22
33
47
3
10
2
8
361
15
34
23
56
14
40
3
406
18
75
95
35
9
18
41
6
1
10
18
27
34
3
87
3
3
6
12
2
2
2
12
12
48
19
9
6
11
6
7
13
4
14
14
40
32
28
52
38
1
13
78
2
21
9
6
1
5
29
1
6
106
8
2
35
36
TABLES
Total.
2
16
GENERAL
M aine............ .......
M aryland.............
Massachusetts__
M ichigan..............
Minnesota______
Missouri________
N ew Hampshire.
N ew Jersey_____
N ew Y ork ______
O hio.......................
Oregon__________
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee.............
Texas........ ............
W ashington.........
W isconsin_______
Total K
Machinists, male:
Alabama. .............
C aliforn ia ..-........
Connecticut.........
Georgia.................
Illinois-.................
In d ia n a ................
Iow a........ ..............
Kansas......... .........
K entucky.............
Louisiana----------M aine....................
M a ry la n d ...........
Massachusetts__
M ichigan............ .
M innesota............
M issouri________
N ew Hampshire .
N ew Jersey_____
N ew Y ork ............
O hio...... ................
Oregon...................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island____
Tennessee.............
Texas....................
Washington..........
W isconsin_______
7
2
1
2
10 1
1 |
2
1
1
111
2 !
1
173 |
8
-------0
01
able
66
T
B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
M A C H IN E S H O P S — Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
5
8
2
2
3
6
12
11
11
23
21
34
5
26
9
4
8
1,671
.510
57
147
375
.667
.836
.638
.761
6
4
1
2
1
1
4
3
1
__ |
9
2
2
1
5
10
j
1
2
3
1
3
2
4
11
1
10
31
31
29
31
34
8
15
4
4
3
9
7
3
14
23
25
7
16
24
4
16
18
1
10
1
5
1
4
3
2
9
34
13
19
4
1
1
3
5
3
9
2
2
8
2
2
5
2
12
3
30
15
12
9
6
2
2
26
37
73
1
6
2
19
25
18
4
18
1
6
9
3
1
1
2
9
4
3
6
8
9
4
4
9
3
1
2
1
1
2
4
42
2
4
3
21
45
3
2
30
4
10
6
1
12
2
12
38
65
45
17
12
6
12
2
1
1
32
65
262
351
402
222
155
103
43
15
2
1
2
4
20
1
1
20
4
17
43
9
16
10
13
54
58
1
20
8
1
42
15
16
2
2
1
1
21
21
17
3
11
3
9
4
23
30.
$1 $1. 25^$1. 50^$1. 75
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
$1.25 $1.50 $1. 75 $2
1........
i
13
42
3
1
6
2
2
46
85
90 | 95
and and cents
un- un and
der ! der un
90
95 der
cents cents $1
11
6
3
1
4
38
1
1
1
2
6
5
SHOPS
5
13
2
80
and
un
der
85
cents
MACHINE
6
14 $0. 332
.608
94
.499
162
.292
7
.582
146
.491
22
.400
11
.433
56
.468
4
.523
24
.449
9
.465
53
.518
77
.516
57
.446
28
.563
73
.527
96
.501
209
.611
14
.512
159
.449
71
.334
15
.521
41
.631
18
.498
205
75
70
55
60
65
40
45
50
and and and and and and and and
un
un un un
un
un
un
un
der
der
der
der der der
der
der
80
75
60
65
70
45
50
55
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
AND
Milling-machine hands and oper
ators, male:
Alabama......................................
California............. .......................
Connecticut................................
Illinois....................................... —
9
4
17
35
and
un
der
40
cents
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Total i .......................................
3
20
30
and
un
der
35
cents
2
10
5
37
9
4
5
32
16
16
1
AND
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ help
ers, male:
Alabama..................................... .
C aliforn ia -..................................
Connecticut_______ ___________
Georgia______ ________________
Illin ois................ ......... .............
Indiana_______ ______________
I o w a .- .................................... .
K a n sa s.......................................
K e n tu ck y ........................ ..........
Louisiana........ .............. ..............
M aine..........................................
M aryland__________ __________
Massachusetts..................... .......
M ichigan_______ _______ _____
M issou ri.....................................
New Jersey..................... ............
New Y ork ................................ .
O h io .,................................ .........
Oregon_______ _______________
Pennsylvania..............................
Rhode Island.......... ...................
Tennessee........................ ..........
Texas........ .............................. .
W ashington........................... .
W isconsin...................................
A ver
age
20
25
earn
ings Un and and
Estab E m
der un un
per
lish
20 der der
ments ployees hour cents 25
30
cents cents
WAGES
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Number of—
2
1
1
Indiana..............__
Iow a .......................
K en tu cky.............
Louisiana..............
M a in e ...................
M a ry la n d ...........
Massachusetts. . .
M ichigan________
M innesota______
M issouri________
N ew Hampshire .
N ew Jersey_____
N ew Y ork ............
O h io ____________
Pennsylvania___
R hode Island___
Tennessee............
Texas______ _____
W ashington.........
W isconsin............
71
23
12
2
18
13
343
124
13
22
36
78
401
536
360
91
8
4
10
1
1
1
4
11
15
7
77
140
191
7
204
57
7
11
17
235
1, 228
2
3
8
1
5
13
6
3
4
1
5
5
.991
.818
.771
.906
.735
.701
.892
.798
.776
.839
.816
.727
.930
.920
.830
.967
.791
.766
.755
.846
.954
.754
.841
* Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
7
18 |
10
4
1
2
1
16
10
2
12
1
3
4
3
7
28
19
5
1
2
1 Including data for 2 establishments for which details are not shown.
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
1
11
2
2
8
54
28
15
2
1
14
4
1
3
46
15
1
3
3
5
15
75
31
21
14
5
5
2
3
4
3
5
70
14
1
51
21
3
2
4
8
37
89
35
17
3
1
7
6
5
1
2
1
4
78
9
1
1
9
10
15
76
85
44
14
89
77
72
2
4
11
1
5
1
2
2
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
54
15
14
5
9
57
42
51
3
3
1
1
8
3
1
11
53
36
32
1
1
8
21
15
15
1
2
3
6
12
16
22
20
9
3
5
4
7
9
52
133
209
297
378
429
443
334
253
130
1
2
8
4
14
1
11
1
5
14
4
4
29
3
10
1
12
6
2
8
1
8
24
9
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
12
1
1
3
5
2
8
9
3
7
10
3
1
2 ,
1
3
20
16
2
2
4
1
2
13
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
3
9
5
1
1
1
1
10
4
1
1
1
3
5
2
2
1
8
11
2
5
1
1
92 1 46
43
9
20
1
3
3
3
4
3
2
5
25
28
18
27
37
26
13 j 28
12
5
27
5
42
15
22
10
23
4
1
5
1
4
10
1
2
7
2
4
12
29
4
19
3
1
8
22
2
3
2
11
11
11
4
3
18
1
1
1
2
1
“
.—
2
31
2
1
1
9
18
19
3
27
34
22
5
5
14
1
2
2
10
1
158
7
6
23
25
16
11
3
1
1
1
62
65
136
131
198
159
155
87
1
1
1
1
-
TABLES
6
57
3
5
1
1
2
GENERAL
44
96
9
149
17
4
5
1
2
1
.685
Pattern makers, male:
California^....... .
Connecticut_____
Georgia..................
Illinois...................
Indiana. ................
Kentucky..............
Louisiana..............
Maryland_______
Massachusetts___
Michigan________
Missouri________
New Hampshire. _
New Jersey...........
New York............
Ohio......................
Oregon__________
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island____
Tennessee-............
Texas......... ...........
Washington..........
Wisconsin_______
4
4
117
Total *.
Total 2.
.611
.519
.589
.622
. 575
.707
.676
.631
.707
.603
.681
.730
.735
.652
.680
.602
.580
.506
.802
2
1
1
37
O
able
68
T
33. — Average and classified earnings per hour in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
M A C H IN E SH O P S— Continued
23
9
4
135
34
4
3
13
6
2
31
12
5
10
5
23
21
68
3
42
11
11
___
10
6
6
12
8
j
j
i
!‘
12 I
71 |
174 j
462
4
254
36
177
46
9
48
6
3
7
87
.819
.723
.453
.862
. 658
.654
. 550
4
2
.595
4
7 I .700
.686
69
1
1
3
1
1
.613
.618
. 703
. 687
.635
.726
. 613
. 782
. 773
. 740
. 779
.770
. 636
.667
. 657
.784
.703
1,818 j .742
3
1
.688
339
3
9
3
9
15
15
3
2
2
2
11
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
4
2
4
5
3
19
42
35
1
1
1
5
:::
10
I
6
2
6
4
1
1
7
5
3
2
1
12
11
1
1
7
1
5
1
34
3
21
4
5
8
29
13
3
8
3
5
9
6
51
33
1
6
2
1
I
1
10
2
1
3
9
24
58
27
5
2
1
2
85
and
un
der
90
cents
90
and
un
der
95
cents
95
cents
and
un
der
$1
$1 $1. 25 $1. 50 $1.75
and and and and
un un un un
der der der der
$1. 25 $1.50 $1. 75 $2
7
17
9
19
11
7
7
17
5
3
4
3
1
2
12
6
9
11
14
15
1
6
1
35
1
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
4
3
1
1
31
6
1
2
12
40
87
35
1
8
2
1
2
23
5
4
7
3
3
1
25
4
1
6
14
24
46
9
16
24
9
25
17
6
12
4
4
13
2
25
3
47
25
16
9
13
1
4
27
80
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
5
9
14
IB
10
8
2
11
4
4
2
1
32
70
125
221
254
288
227
218
133
85
63
77
1
2
8
2
3
9
16
9
14
1
5
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1*
2
4
1
1
3
7
1
1
2
1
SHOPS
3
3
4
Screw-machine hands and opera
tors. male:
Alabama
California
Connecticut...................................
41
148
2
1
6 $0. 747
14
17
80
and
un
der
85
cents
MACHINE
T o ta l2
2
65
70
75
60
55
50
45
40
35
and and and and and and and and and
un
un un un
un
un
un
un un
der
der der der
der
der
der
der der
75 | 80
65
70
60
55
50
45
40
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
AND
California
Connecticut
Georgia
Illinois
___ __
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
M innesota
Missouri
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey
N ew York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
30
and
un
der
35
cents
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Planer hands and operators, male:
A.vpr
age
20
25
earn
Un and and
ings
Estab E m
un
un
der
lish ployees per
20 der der
hour
ments
30
cents 25
cents cents
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees whose earnings per hour were—
Num ber of—
Illinois........................ ...................
Indiana................. .............. ........ .
Iowa_____________________ ____
Kentucky.....................................
M aine....................... ....................
M assachusetts________ ________
M ichigan.......................................
M is s o u r i......................................
N ew Hampshire...........................
N ew Jersey....................................
N ew Y ork _______ _____________
O h io ..............................................
Pennsylvania................................
R hode Island__________________
W isconsin____________ ________
Total *______________________
213
1, 520
.664
8
.746
.867
.735
.717
.818
.703
.642
.642
.706
.614
.701
.723
.809
3
2
26
15
4
2
12
14
49
21
11
2
15
18
4
24
13
3
2
6
4
4
35
24
3
12
116
11
6
8
4
115
68
56
115
6
300
77
11
2
12
16
42
283
202
11
4
14
159
354
2,863
.756
5
17
20
64
2
38
11
3
6
20
85
407
607
3
276
109
9
13
6
2
1
1
3
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
6
2
8
1
1
14
4
17
35
4
1
2
7
2
1
1
2
4
6
2
13
4
3
1
20
6
11
3
1
25
4
8
20
3
3
2
8
3
5
30
84
37
5
3
5
1
2
1
68
23
47
28
1
2
11
15
23
34
11
10
4
64
133
208
220
227
238
155
5
12
3
13
13
11
2
21
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
8
1
35
11
2
4
1
2
11
16
7
2
4
16
48
16
2
1
1
1
53
5
3
2
22
1
6
1
1
110
49
25
13
21
9
5
14
8
7
3
50
28
10
20
1
57
37
25
37
23
33
4
1
1
9
12
2
20
1
88
16
3
3
2
21
10
71
30
1
6
6
8
38
1
1
4
37
17
1
4
2
6
10
27
17
41
1
1
2
38
1
67
1
2
12
39
4
28
1
1
10
2
9
1
1
1
7
72
34
28
18
5
7
3
1
1
1
3
14
95
89
4
1
1
21
1
2
2
2
10
20
41
48
21
11
3
1
1
88
285
366
538
499
398
238
209
4
I
9
5
16
42
47
1
1
2
3
1
72
18
4
3
1
3
37
1
2
1
4
57
14
85
1
1
4
5
4
3
1
2
i
1
2
2
1
11
102
105
3
4
7
4
5
g
15
52
97
39
1
7
7
14
9
56
82
7
23
5
48
16
20
2
1
1
12
7
4
7
1
1
2
11
10
20
22
11
23
69
4 I1
*
19
'
31
16
19
22
1
3
13
66
1
1
1
3
5
32
29
14
13
18
4
14
14
1
1
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
3
.668
.744
.805
.789
.818
.726
.876
.722
.708
.723
.712
.837
.702
27
1
8
2
1
1
1
TABLES
Total 2.........................................
13
7
7
30
170
432
287
62
104
.740
.591
.503
.461
.562
.673
.731
.495
.679
.660
.700
.661
.644
.573
.617
2
GENEBAL
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama. ......................................
California.......................................
Connecticut................ .................
Georgia...........................................
Illinois____ ____________________
Indiana....................................... .
I o w a ______ _____ _____________
Kansas............................................
Kentucky.......................................
Maine.............................................
M aryland......................................
M assachusetts ............ ............... .
M ichigan.....................................
M innesota......................................
M issouri.........................................
N ew Hampshire.......... ................
New Jersey___________________
N ew Y ork _______ _____________
O hio. ...................... ....................
Oregon__________________ _____
Pennsylvania___________ ______
Rhode Island........ .......................
Tennessee......................................
Texas..............................................
W ashington...................................
Wisconsin......................................
18
4
5
22
1
* Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
1
1
70
T a b l e C . — Average
and classified full-time hours per week in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State
FOUNDRIES
Occupation, sex, and State
2
21
379
3,857
51.1
3
21
19
117
54.2
45.6
45.8
49.7
Total
_
___
__
.
..
___
11
8
5
3
3
7
28
38
5
11
5
17
23
50
7
38
8
3
16
20
34
24
37
378
380
43
51
27
250
296
486
23
470
120
33
22
20
96
4
38
28
9
1
113
4
10
1
49
9
17
3
82
Cl
12
60
7
2
1
43
11
-2
6
151
29
6
5
1
11
76
118
5
98
26
4
13
11
1
23
117
324
849
69
10
18
2
35
9
16
11
7
2
2
161
138
3
4
77
4*
13
10
11
7
7
15
90
24
5
8
7
53
2
5
26
4
5
5
72
31
18
83
65
19
3
25
1
31
3
22
10
13
10
5
3
52
5
11
5
7
3
1
2
29
2
3
51
88
96
72
32
857
226
784
6
7
6
II
7
3
9
1
20
115
3
7
27
30
18 I.........
15 |
60
84
37
39
5
50
41
132 !...........
95
Over
60
60
8
11
28
38
12
1
6
25
7
60
43
11
58
Over
55 and
under
60
55
7
5
17
73
3
3
35
52
315
23
216
4
6
25
SHOPS
_______ _____________
Core makers, male:
Alabama
California
Colorado
Connecticut..................................................
_____
40
114
38
293
166
70
38
Over
54 and
under
55
54
MACHINE
26
254
C o n n e c tic u t..__ _ .
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
K entucky ___ __
Louisiana
Maine
M aryland
__ _
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersev .
___
N ew York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
"Was hin gton
W isconsin
23
101
Over
50 and
under
54
50
AND
4
5
7
13
54.6
46.6
45. 3
51. 0
57.5
48.6
51.5
53.3
54. 0
51. 8
47. 5
52. 0
52. 8
49. 8
51. 5
54. 0
52.8
50. 0
51.5
50.4
52. 7
45. 0
51. 8
51.4
49. 3
52. 3
47. 7
51.9
3
16
4
24
13
Over
48 and
under
50
48
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
A la b a m a .._____
__ __
_______
Over
44 and
under
48
44
AND
Aver
age full
time
hours Under
Estab
Em
lish p loyees
per
44
week
ments
WAGES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were-
Num ber of—
7
26
16
T o ta l 1............................ __.......................
T otal............ ....................... ....................
Laborers, male:
Alabama............... .......................................
California________ _____________________
C olorado.. _________ __________________
Connecticut.............................................. .
Georgia...................... ................ ..................
Illinois...... .......... .............................. .......
Indiana........................ .............................. .
Iow a____ ________________________
7
9
7
13
512
52
41
26
17
156
53.5
49. 7
51.0
53.9
54. 0
47. 8
50.0
49.8
50.5
49.1
51.4
53.2
50.9
49.7
50.7
48.6
51.1
45.5
50.4
51.2
49.1
50.4
47.0
52.4
401
3,040
50.4
11
8
6
5
4
7
28
35
5
12
7
17
24
51
7
38
8
4
220
393
12
4
52
18
5
3
55
49
54
14
29
7
31
48.9
50.0
47.0
48.0
51.3
49.1
45.1
45.7
48.5
50.9
46.9
41
324
48.4
4
67
258
24
490
165
902
839
186
54.0
48.4
51.7
53.4
53. 5
50. 5
51.5
54.1
2
2
2
7
4
7
2
3
2
20
2
16
7
28
15
11
1Including data for 2 establishments for which details are not shown.
9
23
4
10
2
5
2
8
16
3
30
1
9
2
6
12
7
6
22
78
4
2
7
12
106
31
2
30
3
25
74
152
4
212
1
5
6
66 |
130
172
12
6
40
37
3
2
1
30
31
117
10
118
35
5
6
33
14
3
1
2
7
8
11
1
2
44
71
9
607
188
559
7
6
1
31
39
32
8
6
20
2
14
12
25
13
79
;
32
32
197
24
7
120
|
5
8
39
66
63
18
30
20
1
4
18
18
41
26
2
x
2
2
4
12
898
34
123
4
75
13
27
15
1
2
9
1
1
11
27
4
20
4
17
25
39
1
2
3
1
61
63
TABLES
Gore makers, female:
Illinois............... ............................................
Indiana________ _______________________
K en tu cky.__________________________
Massachusetts. ............................. ..........
M ichigan__ ___________________________
N ew Jersey. ........................ ........... .........
N ew Y ork. _ ______ ___________________
O hio____ ______________________________
Pennsylvania_________________________
R hode Island. ______________________
Wisconsin__________________ _________
31
227
170
78
15
9
14
9
52
163
338
51
63
9
130
18
2
3
3
19 1
19
12
1
8
!
|
6
22
20
1
28
15
99
112
20
83
9
33
2
25
14
23
5
28
14
37
26
4
7
5
18
154
243
250
28
20
12
2
10
107
12
26
1
26
15
21
1
199
80
34
332
3
..........T
18
1
17
59
14
63
14
332
51
68
GENERAL
Georgia..........................................................
Illinois...........................................................
Indiana.......................... ..............................
Iow a.......................................................... .
Kansas____________________ ___________
Kentucky.................. .............. .................
Louisiana............................................ .......
Maine ............................... ........................
M aryland.................. .................................
Massachusetts................................ ...........
M ichigan__ ___________________________
M innesota............. ..................... ...........
M issouri............................................ ..........
N ew Hampshire....................... .................
N ew Jersey.......... .......................................
N ew Y ork ......................................... ..........
O hio..............................................................
Oregon........................................ ..................
Pennsylvania.............................................
R hode Island..................... .........................
Tennessee........................... ........................
T e x a s . . ___ _____________________ _ . . .
W ashington......... . _........................ ...........
W isconsin................................ ...................
i
I
j
i
i
|
19
42
20
g
15
25
19
17
1
26
89
32
43
130
39
17
12
2
11
able
C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
72
T
FOUNDRIES— Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
11, 017
52.1
18
13
4
111
17
25
52
7
40
8
7
9
6
14
Over
50 and
under
54
50
2
1
26
3
19
79
162
313
65
2
4
17
4
107
7
2
7
14
7
26
8
114
12
12
12
17
255
30
24
17
46
9
12 i_______
47
169 J
191
111
15
5
576
17
96
43
12
217
496 j 2,153 |
..........1"
9
338
83
126
178
210
........
2, 511
145
Over
60
60
3
8
3
132
1
8
2
88
3
33
23
14
298
32
R hode
nd.
106 I s l a 42
61
17
20
142
1
79
239
437
Over
55 and
under
60
55
2
16
8
Over
54 and
under
55
54
211
8
22
22
22
14
7
6
60
34
134
109
53
5
8
11
4
12
2
6
27
4
31
295
45.5
54.2
56.0
49.9
50.8
53.8
53.5
49.1
52.0
52.2
53.4
49.0 i
39
5
a
4
9
1
3
2
1
4
4
5
18
3
10 i
2
2
77
14
4
39
40
y
7
4
1
54
9
6
127
286
|
65
115
14
24
31
104
286
6
56
30
51
253
26
9
36
55 1
243
42
50
14
g
Il7
14
1
12
1
55
1
27
i
16
637 | 2,284
35
3
41
11
12
1
1 _______
43
2
28
7
3
3
5
100 _______
44
8
209
798 !
27
198
1, 087
7
32
Molders, hand, bench, male:
California........... ..........................................
C onnecticut_______ ____________________
G eorgia............ .............................. ............
Illinois..........................................................
Indiana..................................... ...................
I o w a ............................................. ...........
Kansas........................ ...............................
Kentucky............. .......................................
Louisiana ............... ............... .....................
Maine _________ _____________________
M a ry la n d ........................... .......................
Massachusetts.............................................
1
9
5
1
3
21
5
13
14
3
8
19
73
2
5
1
324
SHOPS
' 401
12
6
4
Over
48 and
under
50
48
MACHINE
53.7
47.5
51.6
53.0
53.1
50.7
52. 3
54.3
51.8
47.4
53.2
52.0
54. 2
45.3
51. 3
52.2
50.0
51.4
47.1
53.5
Over
44 and
under
48
44
AND
13
28
23
34
39
135
695
1,521
105
145
31
705
741
1, 237
53
1, 602
193
87
196
55
461
4
4
3
7
28
39
5
Under
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
T o t a l . .......................................................
6
time
hours
per
week
AND
Laborers, male— Continued.
Kansas.................... ................................. .
K entucky.................. ........... .....................
L ouisiana.....................................................
M a i n e .......................... ............... .............
M arylan d................................... ...............
M assachusetts......................... ...................
M ichigan. ........................ ......................
M innesota...... ..................................... .......
M is so u ri.......................... ..........................
New Hampshire_______________________
N ew Jersey..................... ............................
N ew Y ork. ___________________________
O h io ...__________ _____________________
Oregon........... .............................................
Pennsylvania_________________________
...... ............ ......................
Tennessee................ .............. .......... ..........
Texas__________ ______ ________________
Washington______________________ _____
W isconsin...................................................
N umber of employees whose full-time hours per week w ere-
Aver-
Estab
Em
lish
ments p loyees
WAGES
Num ber of—
M ichigan..............
294
36
18
25
73
157
237
Minnesota...........
Missouri________
N ew Ham pshireN ew Jersey..........
N ew Y o r k ...........
O h io ....................
Oregon__________
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee............
Texas----------------W ashington.........
W isconsin.............
Total 2.
50.5
53
205
49
244
832
38
739
106
87
69
67
176
54.1
45.5
45.5
49.4
53.4
47.3
50.9
52.4
53.8
49.3
50.3
47.8
50.2
48.4
51.2
52.4
50.5
49.1
50.4
49.2
50.7
45.6
50.6
50.7
49.4
50.3
46.9
49.9
5,375
49.9
11
324
68
361
288
130
44
35
41
35
96
367
417
45
146
49
100
2
1
29
6
37
3
3
3
29
3
2
11
3
29
57
69
3
36
12
5
5
3
21
3
1
4
7
4
51
67
273
402
18
4
123
31
39
59
18
77
15
82
7
42
30
7
29
,3
61
5
23
16
149
8
2
94
6
17
4
35
29
46
293
414
1,633
56
6
39
3
33
5
16
7
8
3
26
4
7
354
90
471
98
17
5
16
19
41
16
72
7
12
66
5
1
88
13
12
8
13
8
10
68
47
7
17
122
78
5
52
9
217
86
47
15
136
2
6
22
8
29
42
2 |.............
46
10
5 I ______
19
19
87
31
52
8
9
36
43
4
112
2
12
15
15
1
34
9
7
7
10
14
6
10
57
4
4
63
112
3
71
242
14
65
13
12
10
7
3
13
22
2
39
210
37
12
7
16
29
39
10
11
11
2
1
55
23
18
4
14
73
13
55
132
327
14
209
7
7
8
58
83
53
24
64
58
5
18
18
6
10
97
31
2
43
44
1
81
4
12
TABLES
T ota l.
2,063
8
185
57
34
15
2
GENERAL
JMolders, hand, floor, male:
Alabama_____ _________
California....................... .
Colorado_______________
C onnecticut___________
Georgia................... ..........
Illinois...............................
Indiana..........................
I o w a ................................
Kansas— ........................ .
K en tu ck y .................... ...
Louisiana______________
M a ine_________________
M arylan d.........................
Massachusetts............ __
M ichigan____ _________
M in n esota ......................
Missouri_______ _______
New Hampshire_______
N ew Jersey................... .
N ew Y o rk ____________
Ohio____ ______________
O regon.......... ............. .
P enn sylvania................
Rhode Island_________
Tennessee—........... .........
Texas________ _________
Washington______ _____
W isconsin........................
50
49.7
53.4
52.2
51.7
49.4
50.3
49.1
45.7
52.0
50.7
49.3
51.6
46.5
52.5
10
39
111
39 |
294
25
25
5
34
105
16
900
316
958
21
51
192
Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
CO
able
74
T
C . — Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
F O U N D R IE S —Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Kansas...........................................................
7
2
3
4
23
21
3
3
2
15
17
25
26
7
2
68
6
12
29
325
456
25
28
19
220
312
247
214
101
11
7
19
288
220
3,102
3
4
11
3
12
5
17
10
7
8
62
53
59
82 :
51 1
102 i
103 j
24
46 I
54. 0
46.0
48.3
50.0
54.6
50.5
49.3
52. 0
53.8
0
1
3
j
1
22
!......... .
j----------- !
I
24
1
3
4
49
!
i
;
i
1
1 |
102
1
15
9
235
605
31
27
7
1
10
1
6
3
31
14
4
40
7
12
1
10
Over
60
GO
43
13
11
44
58
46
90
17
16
192
42
3
4
1,001
143
651
24
5
19
1
6
4
28
2
6
29
1
i
5 j!
12
14
24
38
2
12
15
j
6
6
2o
12
2
........
22
2
8
26
!
j
5
50
131
s
1
15
44
63
58
18
19
38
7
27
102
20
16
45
4
21
12
109
30
27
43
41
5
1
46 I...........
85
“ '
25 1
29
6
f>7
265
12
4
!
10
5
5
i
11
14 i
4
2
i
I
10
191
I
13
13
89
39
82
3
'
r
!
9
182
i
i
i
5
83
71
7
12
Over
55 and
under
60
55
8
5
1
2
20
Over
54 and
under
55
54
9
24
4
9
2
1
9
10
1
29
SHOPS
M olders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabama
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
12
17
217
336
49.7
45.0
54. 5
10
54.1
50. 5
50.1
17
50. 6 |--------54.0
44. 6
53. 6
48. 5
51. 0
53.1
54.0
49.9
52. 5
47. 5
33
50.1
45
49. 7
17
51.8
49.4
50. 2
51.3
r " .........
50.4
127
Over
50 and
under
54
50
MACHINE
T o t a l 3........................................................
13
16
4
111
Over
48 and
under
50
48
AND
Wisconsin
6
2
8
2
Over
44 and
under
48
44
H O U R S — FOU N DR IE S
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
M aryland
M assachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
N ew Hampshire
New Jersey
N ew Y ork
Ohio
Pennsylvania
■Rhode Island
Tennessee
Aver
age full
time
hours
Estab
Em
Under
lish ployees
per
44
week
ments
AND
Molders, machine, male:
WAGES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were-
Num ber of—
Kentucky...............
Louisiana. .............
M aryland________
Massachusetts___
M ichigan...............
M innesota_______
M issouri. ...............
N ew Jersey______
New Y ork .............
O hio_____________
Oregon___________
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island........
Tennessee— .........
Texa s....... ..............
Washington—........
W isconsin..............
Total 2__.............
20
12
98
108
30
99
106
80
207
16
224
5
7
22
38
47.4
48.8
50.0
52.2
51.4
53.4
53.0
52.7
50.8
52.8
45.6
51.1
50.6
48.8
51.6
47.0
52.4
247
1,820
51.2
3
9
9
17
24
5
24
4
6
8
52
21
10
66
38
6
20
3
2
7
3
2
1
8
8
11
5
41
8
3
5
9
10
5
4
2
16
9
26
70
i
5 i
2
116 !
84
15 |_............
1
409 j
3
11
2
4
4
12
10
8
8
2
3
7
22
29
5
7
2
13
20
30
2
17
33
4
18
15
139
89
17
11
3
14
20
154
139
25
35
8
137
115
178
8
30
3
161
5
13
4
11
6
2
10
7
132
259
1,512
54. 0
45.7
44.0
55. 6
57. 6
48.8
50.1
51.6
52.9
49. 3 j----------47. 9
48.9
48.8
51.4
1
49. 7
46.5
50.0
50.1
50.0
50.8
46.5
3
51.0
51.0
49.5
51.3
45.1
52.3
50.3
4
14
12
92
28
3
2
2
5
3
2
2
2
5
29
57
27
3
31
3
24
13
54
5
28
3
2
3
88 i
346
9
3
3
17
1
i
___
_____
j
1
!
5
4
6
19
31
30
17 j
15
10
............. i
5 ..............
!
4 .............i....................
446
!
!
31
11 _______
4
2
2
5 :
1
i
13
47
3
9
8
122 j
21 ;
76
26
16
_____ 1
6
...
1 _______
11 i_______
1
3 I ______
____
83
61
8
3
93
38
54
11
55
11
6
5
1
56
1
3
3
17
108
165
2 1
2
5
9
1 : _____
10
18
1
1
13
30
9
14
18
14
19
5
14
99
1
3
503
1
10 1
6
_____
9 !______
11 !_______
5
7
2
2
i
4 !...........
6 !_______
1
24
16
1
12
9
9
2
2
2
5
59 j
8
121
2 '.............
7
i
8
6
10
6
2
8
I
19
4
3
1
6
2
296
52
16
34
25
13
11
9
34
54
40
8
1
11
10 1
1
12
6
66
1
5
25
7
24
76
57
26
54
18
24
j
2Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
35
TABLES
Total 2____ ____
20
GENERAL
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama_________
California________
Colorado................
Connecticut______
Georgia__________
Illinois...... ..........
Indiana__________
Iow a_____________
Kansas__________
L ouisian a.............
M aine___________
M aryland________
Massachusetts___
M ichigan________
M in n esota ............
M issouri_________
N ew H am pshire..
N ew Jersey______
N ew Y o r k ...........
O hio......... ..............
Oregon______ ____
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island____
T enn essee............
Texas____________
Washington______
Wisconsin..............
7
5
4
7
111
!
i
___ j _____
......... !.............
!
!
36 j
9 Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
26
5
Crc
able
76
T
C . — Average and classified full-time hours per week in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
MACHINE SHOPS
Occupation, sex, and State
68
50.1
14
63
109
7
253
130
19
54.6
45.8
50.8
53.9
50.0
51.9
53.0
21
61
64
4
38
10
116
105
4
5
1
325
159
27
9
32 1
34
27
6
8
8
18
193
115
26
2
13
2
21
412
161
7
211
399
478
9
292
169
4
166
142
2
4
62
14
2
243
43
14
15
48
194
Over
55 and
under
60
55
2
20
13
71
3
64
16
44
27
6
7
9
8
6
1
109
14
1
58
16
16
253
91
509
7
203
24
17
363
104
106
39
58
11
1
Over
60
60
2
1
22
46
19 .............
I
f "
30 L__........
6
99 !...........
_______ 1_______
168
128
7
11
4
64
8
1
1
11
1
2
30
8
33
1
10
23
155
643
2,110
477
29
7
25
14
2
43
2
1
28
56
26
140
233
2,505
1,021
5
2
1
11
6
13
648
3
13
15
21
129
9
16
76
53
2
62
246
2
26
2
10
1
SHOPS
!, 019
60
Over
54 and
under
55
54
MACHINE
134
16
480
976
1, 718
30
1,187
143
30
67
34
437
Over
50 and
under
54
50
AND
2
22
41
241
504
54.9
45.9
51.1
53.6
50.4
51.6
51.9
49.9
48.0
59.0
47.8
48.0
48.4
51.0
50.0
52.0
50.0
49.1
48.3
49.7
45.2
51.3
50.5
48.0
51.3
47.6
52.1
Over
48 and
under
50
48
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
T otal.......................................... —
Boring-mill hands and operators, male:
A labam a........................................ .
California................................. ..........
Connecticut.................... ...................
Georgia...............................................
Illinois----------------- -----------------------Indiana-------------------- ------------------Iowa................. - ......................... .........
22
146
324
7
860
325
89
40
76
Over
44 and
under
48
44
AND
Assemblers, male:
Alabama...... ........................................
California........................... ................
Connecticut...................... ..................
Georgia........ ...................... ................
Illinois...... ........................ .................
In diana.................... ............... ..........
Io w a .............................. .......... ..........
K a nsas.................... ..........................
K entucky......... ..............................
Louisiana__________ _______ ______
M aine____________________________
Maryland___ _____________________
Massachusetts___________________
M ichigan............................ ................
M innesota-------- --------------------------M issouri............. ...............................
N ew Hampshire........ .......................
N ew Jersey................... .................
N ew Y ork ------- ---------------------------Ohio........ ............................................
Oregon___________________ ______
Pennsylvania----- -------------------------Rhode Isla n d .---------- -------------------Tennessee................................. ..........
Texas___________ _______________
Washington----------- ---------------------W isconsin......... ..................................
Avertge full
time
hours Under
Estab
Em
lish p loyees
per
44
week
ments
WAGES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Num ber of—
109537°— 29--------- 6
Total _
11
4
25
21
74
4
42
9
2
5
3
14
354
2
18
17
3
34
14
7
6
7
2
2
5
37
29
5
17
7
28
23
79
6
43
12
4
6
5
15
433
6
8
6
10
4
110
84
15
52
6
119
208
514
12
334
33
8
6
15
163
2,208
26
115
155
12
733
168
78
15
21
5
22
51
349
327
35
89
22
205
413
755
18
682
109
26
29
24
275
4,759
51.0
45.8
51.3
46.4
48.5
48.4
51.9
49.5
50.5
50.3
49.4
49’. 2
51.4
44.3
51.8
50.7
48.5
51.0
47.8
53.2
50.7
54.9
45.5
51.2
52.3
48.7
51.0
53.3
51.7
46.3
59.6
48.1
48.6
49.3
51.2
50.2
51.6
48.9
49.6
48.7
50.5
45.3
51.2
50.4
48.5
48.6
47.3
53.1
50.1
4
3
2
6
10
2
5
11
4
12
1
8
5
15
5
34
62
26
3
31
109
96
57
3
64
15
5
6
1
10
1
1
156 j
67
7
37
4
4
6
10
3
9
9
3
1
12
2
331
6
82
58
14
43
233
176
100
7
178
23
14
9
214
4
69
4
25
9
14
62
7
4
25
17
117
18
23
15
28
9
44
9
17
5
18
12
212
5
23
66
39
618
15
15
192
203
31
14
6
1
20
1,024
224
2
1
5
71
36
120
3
23
19
26
16
33
5
41
1
6
4
1
35
10
10
66
12
7
25
238
83
31
26
33
69
159
452
2
1
2
13
56
3
37
14
5
1
9
9
4
12
11
1
89
1,770
!
2
95
252
7
7
154
63
216
6
10
3
13
i
4 [
18
36
118
34
2
22
1
2
1
1
1
4
4
45
7
7
13
i
...i
84
39
80
99
4
255
103
23
4
4
70
11
1
12
3
3
465
11
50
31
2
128"
1
2
4
3
34
113
223
3
i '
1
2
2
4
1
1
2
92
22
5
4
403 j
65
58
13
3
13
11
17
3
2
154
20
82
36
TABLES
Drill-press hands and operators, male:
Alabama.............................................
California........ ..................................
Connecticut........................................
Georgia...... ....................... ..................
Illinois_____________ ______________
Indiana_______ ___________________
Iow a...................................................
Kansas.................................................
K entucky......... .................................
Louisiana_____ ___________________
M a in e ..__________ _______________
M aryland.................... ......................
Massachusetts................. ..................
M ic h ig a n .._________ _____________
M innesota_________ ______________
M issouri..............................................
N ew Hampshire_________________
New Jersey.......................................
N ew Y o r k ____ _______ ___________
O hio...... ......................... .....................
Oregon......... ........................................
Pennsylvania.............................. .......
R hode Island...... .......... ...................
Tennessee________________________
Texas________________ ____________
Washington........................................
Wisconsin_______ _______________
3
4
3
3
3
27
15
3
GENERAL
Kentucky............
Louisiana.—.......
Maine..................
Maryland.......... .
Massachusetts. __
Michigan_______
Minnesota______
Missouri....... ......
New Hampshire _
New Jersey..........
New York.........
Ohio.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee-...........
Texas...................
Washington.........
Wisconsin...........
Total.
able
78
T
C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
M A C H IN E S H O P S — Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
2
31
293
332
6, 661
49. 5
4
4
5
2
_________
_ _ _ __
_ __________
.
_
__
________
1,100
10
64
72
378
922
856
5
25
62
3
33
6
3
2
- _
___________________________
12
29
63
35
25
5
20
-
Grinding-machine hands and operators,
male:
California
C onnecticut
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa..............................- ..............................
10
489
12
8
952
114
20
6
1
51
9
133
48
i
124
7
4
1
13
55
18
3
6
51
303
47
6
8
55
64
123 !
750 i
251
17
265
2
3
1
7
66
1
12
2
1
8
253
99
96
60
210
24 i
27
10
7
24
19
74
16
28
339
2, 075
18
6
1
2
75 j
10
22
15
54
2
30
70
16
27
1
14 '
68
4
98
227
1
18 |
5
194
610 !
260
1
52
i
418
234 1
61
7
1
10
15
2
24
11
5
47
122
5
412
93
38
50.8
51.4
51. 0
49. 5
50.4
53.2
13
72
2
19
2
1
16
3
13
41
21
i
84
4
138
74
14
1
5
14
2,032
2
1
3
190
87
5
26
Over
60
60
9
10
13 !
47
371 ;
65
7
241
44
141
2
10
1 |........
17
603
294
16
6
j
........... !
........... j
j
i
93
55
3
45
1
225
Over
55 and
under
60
55
72
16
........ 1
4
30
22
25
2
1
1
16 ............. !
3 1
I
2
2 i
SHOPS
3
13
24
136
Over
54 and
under
55
54
MACHINE
Total 3.
_
_
________
_________ __________
197
277
19
562
131
38
Over
50 and
under
54
50
AND
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Maine
Massachusetts
Michigan
M innesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
N ew Jersey
Now York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
12
54.6
45. 3
50. 9
59. 7
49.3
48.8
52. 9
54. 2
47. 5
44. 8
47.4
50. 7
49. 5
53. 3
48. 2
49. 3
48.4
50.0
44. 5
51. 7
50. 4
40. 0
53.0
47. 5
52.6
17
11
2
Over
48 and
under
50
48
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Over
44 and
under
48
44
AND
Aver
age full
time
Estab
hours Under
Em
lish
per
p loyees week
44
ments
WAGES
N um ber of employees whose full-time hours per week were-
N um ber of—
K entucky...........
M a in e ................
M aryland...........
M assachusetts..
M ichigan______
M innesota..........
M issouri_______
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey____
N ew Y ork..........
O hio----------------Pennsylvania.
Rhode Isla n d .. _
W ashington___
W isconsin...........
T o t a l 4.............
17
185
173
14
27
13
84
185
390
217
129
298
53
194
im
38
351
54.5
45. 9
50.9
53.5
49.9
51.2
53.5
53.6
46.1
54.9
48.4
49.6
49.7
51.3
49.8
52.2
50.3
49.8
48.6
50. 6
46.2
51.6
51.0
49.3
50.4
47.5
52.3
8, 342
50.4
71
1,009
319
75
26
25
40
33
58
841
672
103
158
43
373
871
1, 225
21
1,182
121
81
459
1 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
12
3
2
1
6
56
9
4
11
I
36
11
1
1
44
123
101
103
26
13
1
120
8
5
3
82
526
202
89
29
4
46
9
25
127
16
173
55
102 |
6
3
1
3
10
8
15
1
2
2
13
!
4 1
277
15
35
I
2
37
15
85
51
110
17
33
108
534
292
260
19
288
16
19
3
58
36
31
164
67
357
6
1, 932
483
6
40
252
58
3
17
96
62
21
2
21
2
351
1
22
233
94
248
1
6
24
67
7
18
13
110
335
73
16
53
47
39
101
210
2, 965
1
29
14
1
5
19
30
2601
1
3
7
4
816
154
28
395
204
23
11
21
15
3
6
20
25
5
13
97
17
1
14
24
43
170
84
12
6!
78
83
2
9
6
1
8
1
12
12
2
13
26
28
189
16
26
1
8
1
2
30
3
93
6
89
9
3
32
75
1
2
17
2
11
2
3
17
7
37
37
23
6
11
1
26
133
122
2
10
|
29
498
33 |
712
199
1
1
1
1
7
32
19
7
26
20
13
13
71
3
10
2
1
1
7
17
16
130
9
12
4
202
143
1
TABLES
50.1
202
..........
T otal................
2, 285
2
GENERAL
Laborers, male:
A labam a.............
California______
Connecticut___
G e o r g ia .............
Illinois................
IrwVana
Io w a ....................
Kansas................
K entucky.........
L ouisiana...........
M aine_________
M aryland______
Massachusetts. _
M ichigan______
M innesota_____
Missouri_______
N ew Hampshire
New Jersey____
New Y ork ..........
Ohio.....................
Oregon____ _____
P ennsylvania.._
Rhode Island. . .
Tennessee...........
Texas__________
Washington____
Wisconsin______
49.8
47.0
50.0
52.5
49.7
50.8
49.9
53. 1
48.3
49.0
48.3
50. 1
50.0
50.3
47.4
52.5
5
49
703
9
2
37
4 Including data for 5 establishments for which details are not shown.
CO
able
C .— Average and classified full-tirne hours per week in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
80
T
MACHINE SHOPS-Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Over
48 and
under
50
48
40
266
414
5,964
50.2
405
327
1,246
374
15
16
3
23
96
91
45.8
51.4
56.7
49.3
51.9
53.7
55.2
51
8
22
14
10
7
7
7
3
3
4
36
21
5
16
6
26
22
80
5
44
11
6
6
5
2
66
6
432
80
38
5
131
135
12
10
10
4
24
45
11
65
23
12
2
55
67
1
6
33
10
15
9
13
27
223
49
6
101
16
69
94
111
200
201
6
9
160
27
17
25
13
17
1
3
7
71
34
9
13
14
42
5
43
15
18
92
3
12
25
38
15
1
201
15
1
31
49
3
1
165
74
154
6
4
7
39
33
1
1
2
1
24
8
7
4
134
63
47
106
11
16
14
276
95
15
48
30
54
10
104
30
16
8
39
174-
25
8
16
502
67
88
47
22
12
6
1,934
26
48
8
1
11
2
16
597
46
18
3
2
11
2
1
70
16
10
13
179
32
4
295
92
Over
60
60
4
7
66
4
4
3
17
149
3
388
87
17
5
9
Over
55 and
under
60
55
2
37
18
361
9
21
23
1
15
4
21
4
20
1
3
41
9
3
1
2
SHOPS
4
14
54.6
45.5
51.1
53.7
49.9
49.7
52.4
50.3
47.7
56.7
47.4
48.3
49.2
51.5
51.4
51.0
50.6
49.5
49.2
50.7
45.4
51.4
50.4
48.8
49.3
47.1
53.5
Over
54 and
under
55
54
MACHINE
3
219
232
17
865
183
48
40
46
19
56
31
648
278
53
159
54
252
438
1,014
26
727
125
40
16
19
4
33
Over
50 and
under
54
50
AND
22
Over
44 and
under
48
44
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
T otal________________________________
Lathe hands and operators, turret, male:
California
. __ _ __________
Connecticut
__________ ___ ______
Georgia
______ _______________
Illinois ______________________________
Indiana
- ____ _______________
Iowa
. ____________________ - ___
Kansas................................................... .......
2
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week w ere-
AND
Lathe hands and operators, engine, male:
A la b a m a ._______ _____________________
California.......... ................................... .......
Connecticut___________________________
Georgia....................................... ............... .
Illin o is ....................................... ..................
Indiana_______________________________
Iow a________________ ______ ___________
Kansas____ ____________________________
K entucky____________________ _________
Louisiana_____________________________
M aine_________________________________
M aryland___ ______ ___________________
M assachusetts____ ________ ___________
M ichigan_____________________________
M innesota____________________________
M issouri____ __________________________
N ew Hampshire______________________
N ew Jersey___________________________
N ew York __ ___________________ _____
Ohio
__ __________ __________ _____
Oregon. ________________________________
Pennsylvania_____________ ____________
Rhode Island _ __ ___________ _____
Tennessee_____________________________
Texas. _______________________________
Washington - ____ - ______ _
Wisconsin ____ _______________________
Aver
age full
time
Estab
hours Under
Em
lish
per
44
p loyees week
ments
WAGES
N um ber of—
6
2
2
3
30
25
3
42
45
239
198
67
356
147
40
28
24
58
41
186
410
234
27
123
117
185
150
278
27
296
168
79
73
61
137
3, 794
52.3
45.2
50.7
54.7
48.5
51.7
51.0
52.7
47.7
45.1
49.7
47.9
47.5
52.0
49.7
48.6
51.5
49.7
49.6
50.6
47.1
50.7
50.2
49.8
48.9
45.6
51.8
49.5
11
11
254
383
9
40
23
134
230
448
9
569
33
6
41
11
7
25
20
60
3
40
3
4
11
343
5
24
13
8
28
12
8
5
5
5
4
7
27
25
6
13
8
31
19
56
6
31
13
8
9
7
12
395
10
21
J Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
1
25
4
2
3
2
11
8
119
4
9
1
4
14
14
45
79
127
4
262
11
11
18
9
36
28
34
11
7
166
27
13
3
59
39
11
13
1
49
2
5
133
11
6
12
8
7
5
48 j
6
13
54 |
24
7
|
13 I.............
250
33
80
275
9*3
9
16
12
2
3
41
5
9
22
115
99
23
13
102
1
5
6
70
17
9
5
18
1
8
11
10
22
74
30
82
57
53
8
129
24
21
37
1
29
35
23
536
137
906
158
8
5
74
9
110
i§
19
5
28
51
59
25
45
74
153
39
7
3
5
19
12
18
15
8
11
15
36
|
1
2
1
6
1
2
7
59
49
2
2
22
19
26
6
11
18
3
22
1
3
7
15
7
39
140
92
2
|
16
1,054
115
1
1
3
4
16
15
1
2
127
5
4
21
2
6
9
166
8
2
1
3
52
74
931
23
25
3
22
2
1
138
1
2
3
93
316
9
170
113
2
1
1
7
79
90
103
8
6
............. f..........
13
12
8
5
1
1
TABLES
137
3,167
47.2
59.0
48.5
48.5
49.1
50.6
49.5
51.6
49.1
49.5
49.2
50.4
45.8
50.1
50.7
48.4
48.6
47.3
53.0
50.0
2
16
GENERAL
K entucky..........................................
Louisiana...........................................
M a in e .............................................~
M aryland........... ..............................
Massachusetts.................................
M ichigan.......... ................................
Minnesota........ ................................
M issouri_________ _______________
N ew Hampshire_________ _____
N ew Jersey.......... ............................
New Y ork ....................................... .
O hio..................................................
Oregon................................. .............
Pennsylvania ............... .......... .........
Rhode Island....................................
Tennessee......... ................. ..............
Texas________ ______________I__”
W ashington______ _______
W isconsin....... ................ ............... I
Total 2. . . .......................................
Machinists, male:
A labam a..............................
California..............................
Connecticut...................... ............ "
Georgia________________________ I
Illinois.................................. ............
Indiana............. ...................... I._II
Iowa___ _________________________
Kansas.................................... .......~~
K entucky...................... ....................
Louisiana_________________ ______
M aine.........................................
M aryland........................ .............. ”
Massachusetts..................... ............
M ichigan...... ..................... ............ I
M innesota________ ______________
Missouri.......................................... I
N ew Hampshire............................
N ew Jersey.......... .............................
N ew Y ork ................... .....................
O hio___________ _________________
Oregon......... ........................... ..........
Pennsylvania___ ________________
Rhode Island....................................
Tennessee..........................................
Texas........... ....................... ..............
W ashington.......................................
Wisconsin..........................................
T otal...............................................
2
1
2
38
9
1
8
12
4
30
83
13
37
1
11
14
63
153
1, 222
57
324
212 !
8 i
170
1
GO
T
able
C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
00
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
3
50.1
Milling-machine hands and operators, male:
Alabama
California
Connecticut
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
___ __ ____ __
Kentucky....................................................-
6
13
16
25
13
3
54. 8
45. 4
51.5
49. 3
51.3
53.7
47.5
Total i
5
8
2
2
3
I
6
12
11
11
23
21
34
5
26
9
4
8
2
5
146
22
11
57
147
375
•71
23
12
56 j
1
70
2
1
18
3
28
22
8
1
2
2
24
\
3
2
5
3
2
2
9
10
11
38
26
14
7
28
37
29
9
59
1
16
29
26
64
52
65
10
2
3
194
44
339
45
35
3
14
5
99
2
42
2
7
1
1
5
8
1
48
21
2
2
24
2
20
21
• 1
2
3
6
3
11
1
31
64
104
205
8
2
10
1
6
23
!
j
3
4
71
27
1
17 1
31
32 1
!
3
7 ........” "i
106
11
!
4
6
1
5
24
l
538
90
80
30
23
14
6
11
14
23
5
10
1
Over
60
60
8
3
96
3
37
7 i
5
Over
55 and
under
60
55
4
1
1
4
r ............
|
29 |
163
1
5
9
19
39
36
,............. I..............
1
8
6
11
8
8
12
13
1
2
2
1
2
SHOPS
1, 671
6
14
94
162
Over
54 and
under
55
54
MACHINE
................................................
269
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Missouri
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
W ashington
Wisconsin
9
4
17
Over
50 and
under
54
50
AND
5
13
56
4
24
9
53
77
57
28
73
96
209
14
159
71
15
41
18
205
53. 2
45. 7
51. 0
52. 7
48.0
51. 5
52.1
51.9
47. 0
44. 0
48.0
48.1
49. 2
49.4
51.1
49. 5
50. 2
51. 2
46. 6
51.4
50.1
49. 5
48.8
45. 6
52.6
20
Over
48 and
under
50
48
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ helpers, male:
Over
44 and
under
48
44
AND
Aver
age full
time
hours Under
Estab
Em
lish
per
44
p loyees week
ments
WAGES
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were-
N um ber of—
Louisiana.......... .............. ............... ...........
M aine................ .......... ............ ...................
M aryland.....................................................
Massachusetts.............................. ..............
M ichigan. ..................................... ..............
M innesota...... ................................ ............
M issouri..................................... ..................
New Hampshire....................................... .
New Jersey.................................. ...............
New Y o r k ................... ...............................
Ohio............. ............................................. .
Pennsylvania...............................................
Rhode Island...............................................
Tennessee.....................................................
Texas____________ ______ ______________
Washington............................... .................
W isconsin.............................. .....................
Total 3 . . . ..................................................
1
3
15
117
59.0
48.7
48.2
47.9
50.9
50.1
52.3
48.7
49.2
48.2
50.0
50.5
50.5
49.3
52.0
47.3
53.1
343
2,872
49.7
241 !
45.1
50.2
53. 5
49.8
49.9
48. 5
49.6
49.2
49.8
50.5
52.7
50.9
48.4
44.7
50.5
45.1
51.7
50.3
48.3
49.6
47.8
52.4
22
3
10
7
21
19
70
39
9
2
2
11
12
3
25
7
3
3
3
16
7
7
5
17
11
43
3
29
10
3
4
4
22
36
78
401
536
360
91
8
4
10
44 !
96
9
149
17
4
5 !
6
57
11
15
7
77
140
191
7
204
57
7
11
8
17
95
235
1, 228
4
11
93
3
119
24
1
12
86
14
4
25
33
230
155
138
8
12
2
126
19
1
110
775
27
5
12
6
31
1
15
3
5
8
3
38
92
52
6
61
8
38
1
5
!
1
1
49.6 _______ !
4
79
196
800
19
83
3
29
1
2
4
3
!
75 |
6
47
36
25
2
2
6
34
5
4
1
14
1
45
35
3
215
3
3
3
1
13
33
2
1
O
ooft
29
11
2
!
I
57
316 1
77
4
21
3
20
12
3
4
1
8
21
2
1
2
4
1
9
3
24
3
21
38
40
12
7
18
1
1
41
48
2
11
44
38
1
6
6
9
2
3
13
328
1
7
10
1
5
14
2
1
7
8
1
14
45
36
113
82
3
173
5
2
12
1
10
32
1
2
9
34
73
66
3
7
1
14
45
TABLES
T o t a l 2.....................................................
2
18
13
343
124
13
15
68
333
154
GENERAL
Pattern makers, male:
California...... ...................... ............... .......
C onnecticut................................................
Georgia............................ ........... ...............
Illinois..........................................................
In d ia n a .................. ................................. .
K entucky _____________________________
Louisiana........................................ ............
M aryland.....................................................
Massachusetts--------------------------------- M ichigan........ ...................... ............... .
M issouri______________ ____ ___________
New Hampshire.......... ..............................
New Jersey.................................................
N ew Y o r k ____ ________________________
Ohio.............................................................
Oregon............. .................................... .........
Pennsylvania........ .............. .......................
R hode Isla n d ._____ ___________________
Tennessee.....................................................
Texas.............................................................
W ashington............................................
W isconsin......... .........................................
2
3
3
33
1
12
53
3
114
42
2
1 Including 2 establishments in which details are not shown.
1 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
3 Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
00
CO
84
T a b le C .—
Average and classified full-time hours per week in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
M A C H IN E S H O P S — Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
6
339
1,818
50.5
Screw-machine hands and operators, male:
Alabama............... ..................... ................
California............................................. .
Connecticut................. ............................
Illin ois................ ......................................
In d ia n a ......................................................
Iowa___ ______________________________
3
9
18
4
2
4
7
69
116
54.8
46.9
51.9
48. 7
50.9
56.0
6
4
3
2
31
12
5
10
5
23
21
68
3
42
11
3
3
4
2
10
6
6
13
12
8
177
46
9
48
12
71
174
462
4
254
36
6
11
6
41
4
7
18
5
2
8
16
1
1
2
2
9
11
9
4
60
15
4
28
2
2
3
27
47
39
97
105
6
42
1
1
2
92
103
6
8
1
1
52
1
2
41
1
8
11
4
89
10
13
26
1
4
5
1
2
11
Over
60
60
3
1
9
2
6
1
!
4
4
5
6
1
8
11
1
11
26
24
97
69
28
3
9
43
5
j
7 !
27!
44
6
40
126
11
128
3
49
8
8
4
10
3 |
17
15
25 |
11
3
37
49
24
2
4
440
2
11
8
3
1
4
116
33
7
3
Over
55 and
under
60
55
86
28
48
559
163
8
3
1
3
2
30
4
3
3
i
4
14
31
15
7
1
26
4
1
SHOPS
Total J._ ............................ ....................
135
34
2
3
Over
54 and
under
55
54
MACHINE
3
7
87
23
9
4
18
Over
50 and
under
54
50
AND
11
54.3
46.0
51.0
55.5
49.1
49.8
51.3
52. 6
46.9
48.0
49.0
48. 8
51.0
50.1
50. 6
50. 3
48.8
49. 5
51.0
45. 0
52.5
50.4
49.0
49. 3
47. 2
52.4
41
148
Over
48 and
under
50
48
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
2
14
17
Over
44 and
under
48
44
AND
Planer hands and operators, male:
A labam a.______ _____________________
C aliforn ia................. ...............................
Connecticut................................................
Georgia........................................................
Illinois____ ___________________________
Indiana........................ ..............................
Iow a_____________ ___________________
K ansas,......................................................
K entucky............................. ......................
M aine....................... ....................... .........
M aryland.................. ..... ...........................
Massachusetts...........................................
M ich ig a n ...............- ..................................
M innesota........ ................ ............. ..........
M issouri...... ....................... ........... .........
N ew Hamphsire.......................................
N ew Jersey................................................
N ew Y o r k ..................................................
O hio............................................................
Oregon.........................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
Rhode Isla n d -...........................................
Tennessee. .......................... ......................
Texas..........................................................
W ashington.......................... ............... .
W isconsin........... ................... ....... ............
Number of employees whose full-time hours per week were—
Aver-
age iuiitime
Estab
hours Under
Em
lish
per
44
p
loyees
week
ments
WAGES
Number of—
K entucky...........
M aine__________
M assachusetts..
M ichigan______
M issouri_______
New Hampshire.
N ew Jersey........
New Y o rk ..........
O h io ....................
Pennsylvania. __
Rhode Island__
Wisconsin______
Total s . . ..........
Toolmakers, male:
A la b a m a ............
California______
Connecticut____
G eorg ia ..............
Illinois.................
In d ia n a ..............
I o w a ..................
Kansas................
K e n tu ck y ..........
M aine__________
M aryland______
M assachusetts..
M ichigan______
M innesota_____
Missouri_______
New Hampshire
N ew Jersey____
N ew Y ork _____
Ohio........ ............
Oregon_________
Pennsylvania.
R hode I s la n d ...
Tennessee______
Texas__________
Washington____
Wisconsin______
Total 2..............
3
8
13
7
7
30
170
432
287
62
104
46.6
50.0
49.5
50.3
51.6
48.3
49.8
48.0
50.0
49.4
50.3
52.5
213
1,520
49.8
8
2
26
15
4
2
12
14
49
21
11
2
4
115
68
4
14
159
54.9
46.0
50.4
53.3
50.2
50.5
51.7
52.0
46.6
48.1
48.0
48.8
50.8
50.5
50.4
49.2
49.3
48.2
49.4
44.0
51.2
50.4
49.1
49.4
47.2
52.5
354
2,863
49.7
15
18
4
24
13
3
2
6
4
4
35
24
3
12
5
17
20
64
2
38
11
3
6
56
115
6
300
77
11
2
12
16
42
283
202
11
27
20
85
407
607
3
276
109
9
13
6
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
5
1
1
46
7
6
56
26
4
104
63
157
2
1
233
14
89
416
269
26
5
16
9
9
73
50
1
3
2
6
41
105
14
79
1
83
1
151
1
2
19
14
2
17
25
3
13
13
76
1
7
2
11
1
12
1
2
13
4
1
3
4
1
1
116
135
15
35
2
2
1
8
127
3
44
34
137
3
46
3
15
75
10
12
6
86
23
29
105
920
319
5
5
2
4
914
7
11
1
4
4
1
11
57
60
13
3
2
6
2
1
90
30
1
2
12
169
9
3
2
2
399
2
14
14
34
265
238
3
32
94
2
2
19
13
46
85
50
31
5
5
32
6
80
51
7
8
1
2
1
24
43
8
4
47
46
3
211
1
9
7
8
2
1
3
1
8
4
18
3
2
35
46
3
135
4
2
1
24
55
49
* Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
21
2
D .—
Average and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State
86
T a b le
FOUNDRIES
Estab E m
lish p loy
ees
ments
i.6
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
44
hrs.
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
18
48
hrs.
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
50
hrs.
Over
50
and
54
un hrs.
der
54
hrs.
Over
54
and
un
der
60
hrs.
Over
60
and
un
der
72
hrs.
Over
72
and 84 Over
un hrs. 84
hrs.
der
84
hrs.
1
1
2
12
17
14
15
15 :
4 |
3
3 i
1
2
32 ;
47 i
1 1
5
4
29
22
47;
4
16
58
49
SHOPS
379
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
MACHINE
3,857
20
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
AND
Total..........................................
34
24
37
378
380
43
51
27
250
296
486
23
470
120
33
22
26
254
56.6
44.3
47.7
48.3
48.3
45.2
46.7
49.7
48.3
49.8
43.4
45.9
45.5
47.2
44.4
50.3
48.3
48.0
44.9
48.8
46.7
40.9
46.2
46.3
41.7
47.2
44.9
48.6
23
101
40
114
38
293
166
70
38
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
A labam a_____ _______________
California....................................
C olorado.....................................
Connecticut...............................
Georgia.......................................
Illinois........................................
Indiana.................................... .
Iow a ............................................
Kansas ____ ________________
K en tu ck y____________ _______
Louisiana__________ _________
M aine........................................
M arylan d ............................... .
Massachusetts...........................
M ichigan......... ......................... .
M innesota--------------------- ------Missouri_____________________
N ew Hampshire________ _____
N ew Jersey--------- -----------------New Y ork ...................................
Ohio............................................
Oregon........... ............................
Pennsylvania.............. .............
Rhode Isla n d ............................
Tennessee...................................
Texas..... .......... ..........................
W ashington................................
W isconsin. . ................................
A ver
age
hours
actu Un
ally
der
worked 16
in 1
hrs.
week
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees who during one week worked—
N um ber of—
?
35 1
12
63
64
166
439
151
259
90
643
199
150
280
403
243
398 ! 81
204
15
Core makers, female:
Illinois ...............
Indiana. ...........
K en tu cky........ .
Massachusetts___
M ichigan________
New Jersey..........
New Y ork_______
Ohio_____________
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island.........
W isconsin________
T o t a l1.
512
52
41
26
17
156
50.7
40.6
42.5
44.8
50.8
43.0
46.2
50.0
47.9
48.9
43.4
42.2
41.5
44.4
45.4
46.3
48.0
42.6
45.3
46.2
44.9
39.9
41.4
47.4
42.6
49.5
43.2
40.8
3,040
44.3
20
96
31
227
170
78
15
9
14
9
52
163
338
51
63
9
130
220
393
12
401
2
24
4
6
1
25
5
i !
14
5
3
21
3
1
1
.....
1
1
10
13
41
3
19
1
2
6
4
3
24
....
20
22
2
1
43
13
148
78
40
1
5
1
3
2
1
2
10
5
23
7
31
28
8
2
2
1
3
9
18
61
37
60
54
4
71
11
4
8
5
24
1
2
1
11
7
8
1
18
3
4
5
24
2
3
52
14
18
28
9
1
"II"
7
5
1
25
"II"
25
15
29
1
10
20
3
1
1
2
1
11
53
1
1
10
11
1
6
7
14
7
7
33
8
1
"II"
38
47
30
13
6
4
24
10
2
12
1
6
4
17
ll"
3
2
3
16
12
1
6
23
1
13
2
19
15
1
7
12
12
” 2"
"2
10
10
"I"
6
5
37
’ 16"
1
1
TABLES
Total................. .
19
117
GENERAL
Core makers, male:
A labam a.......... .
California_______
Colorado________
C onnecticut.........
Georgia..................
I l li n o is .............. .
Indiana................
Iow a ......................
K ansas.................
K en tu ck y.............
Louisiana—...........
M aine___________
M arylan d.............
Massachusetts___
Michigan________
Minnesota______
Missouri________
New Hampshire..
N ew Jersey______
New York.............
Ohio......... ............ .
Oregon__________
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island____
Tennessee_______
Texas___________
W ashington_____
W isconsin.............
6
448 | 285
246 ! 152
167
53
I
43.4
41.9
46.7
48.0
34.2
40.1
41.7
45.1
41.5
49.2
38.3
40.6
19
1
18
4
7
3
~20"
" 4"
48 i
5
7
10
4
2
3
17
18
!
!
1 Including data for 2 establishments for which details are not shown.
OO1
^4
D . — Average and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
88
T a b le
FO U N D B IE S — Continued
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
44
hrs.
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
48
hrs.
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
Over
50
and 54
50
un
hrs. der hrs.
54
hrs.
Over
Over
54
60
and
and
un hrs. un
der
der
72
60
hrs.
hrs.
4
51
23
1
116
111
14
3
3
2
2
10
10
3
90
48
121
19
413
22
25
43
2
188
5
4
4
6
21
204
455 1,195
3
3
3
16
14
83
181
5
4
44
159
31
1
2
6
21
10
121
98
103
13
173
37
30
100
2
20
2
2
11
15
7
54
136 1,356
i 84
I hrs.
22
2
3
19
34
193
9
84
hrs.
62
36
103
116
11
68
10
to-ISSr
10
62
108
Over
| 72
72 and
4
1
12
10
1
86
86
28
47
26 j_
36 :.
206
1
10
12
145
31
3
16
29
23
525 | 390
3
4
48
210
17
27
’ io o ’
726 1,<
596 1,
391
910
Over
84
hrs.
55 ! 199
SHOPS
47.9
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
MACHINE
401 11,017 j
53.8
46.1
49.3
49.8
51.3
47.7
49.2
51.0
45.3
45.6
43.0
46.6
44.4
47.4
46.5
49.7
46.1
41.8
48.5
51.1
48.9
39.7
44.4
52. 9
46.1
48.2
44. 1
52.5
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
AND
T otal................
67
258
24
490
165
902
839
186
28
23
34
39
135
695
1,521
105
145
31
705
741
1,237
53
1,602
193
87
K6
55
461
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Laborers, male:
Alabam a.............
California______
Colorado_______
Connecticut____
Georgia________
Illinois_________
Indiana________
Io w a . _............... .
Kansas .................
K e n tu ck y ..........
Louisiana _ .........
M aine__________
M aryland______
Massac huse tts...
M ichigan_______
M innesota_____
M issouri_______
New Hampshire
New Jersey_____
N ew Y o r k .........
O h io. ............. .
Oregon_________
Pennsylvania__
Rhode Island___
Tennessee______
Texas_____ ____
W ashington........
Wisconsin...........
Estab E m
lish ployments
Number of employees who during one week worked—
A ver
age
hours
actu Un
ally
der
worked 16
in 1
hrs.
week
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
N um ber of—
Molders, hand, floor, male:
Alabam a..........................
C alifornia........................
C olorado..........................
Connecticut............. .......
G eorgia............................
Illinois________________
Indiana. .........................
Iow a....................... ..........
K ansas._____ __________
K en tu cky.......................
Louisiana....... .......... .......
M aine____ ____________
M arylan d_____________
Massachusetts_________
M ichigan______ ________
M innesota....... ................
M issouri_______________
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey____________
New Y ork............. ..........
60
6
185
57
34
15
11
50
40.5
43.7
46.0
46.7
45.8
54.1
50.7
53.2
39.5
46.9
44.5
43.5
42.6
46.0
42.5
47.3
44.3
47.7
42.8
38.3
45.4
40.6
42.0
55. 7
44.9
42.1
324
2,063
44.5
4
19
3
16
7
28
15
53
205
49
244
53.5
41.0
42.3
43.8
42.9
42.7
45.2
49.9
51.1
44.9
43.0
42. 6
42.6
43.1
43.3
44.8
45.8
39.6
44.4
44.3
22
14
7
111
34
134
109
53
5
8
11
4
12
6
2
6
27
35
4
6
6
15
20
43
5
28
8
4
4
11
9
7
5
4
7
27
33
4
12
8
16
25
4
31
295
294
36
18
25
73
157
237
8
11
68
361
288
130
44
35
41
35
96
367
417
45
146
49
262
326
2
1
1
1
1
3
4
23
1
3
5
1
1
3
1
1
1
11
1
3
5
3
1
3
2
1
2
18
14
10
9
9
3
1
2
1
5
28
42
5
1
3
7
17
30
14
17
2
2
8
12
1
32
6
4
33
106
236
4
11
2
40
17
10
9
61
33
14
4
9
7
3
1
7
2
10
5
4
2
1
1
2
2
15
1
3
3
3
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
2
14
36
6
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
3
8
4
5
6
3
3
1
1
3
28
13
1
1
2
2
19
39
4
4
7
30
1
8
4
2
1
54
61
2
8
3
49
2
17
5
1
2
20
8
12
1
10
15
1
2
5
1
16
10
1
3
6
8
1
15
5
1
7
5
5
4
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
263
120
50
12
1
11
66
8
41
32
61
3
21
23
15
4
14
26
9
2
17
27
42
5
2
1
105
24
35
18
13
30
47
3
7
24
18
1
21
10
22
6
2
2
1
14
26
20
2
5
1
1
8
2
5
11
31
1
9
4
3
5
5
7
1
2
8
16
1
7
43
19
18
15
83
39
13
8
6
17
2
2
28
26
11
2
10
12
1
5
3
4
8
2
418
175
4
25
4
61
14
49
61
3
5
10
2
15
25
73
90
35
27
4
88
58
3
13
5
9
17
7
9
7
2
22
1
3
1
2
84
2
12
8
6
3
22
22
16
2
3
13
50
3
1
19
4
22
15
1
21
2
2
2
12
15
3
7
3
91
1
8
10
17
8
7
2
10
10
1
3
9
4
5
12
6
20
3
9
1
1
16
2
1
1
1
1
5
3
2
5
j
4
2
40
46
9
4
4
5
10
1
2
12
2
16
43
21
2
21
17
2
1
4
5
27
19
7
13
18
15
30
9
4
4
15
10
5
3
9
22
8
6
j
2
4
97
8
1
1
17
117
9
14
33
4
1
1
17
1
1
1
5
43
3
8
4
1
156
2
1
2
2
8
5
7
5
2
3
3
3
40
23
39
37
2
2
22
3
15
13
1
2
7
15
2
3
23
1
2
1
22
8
39
3
2
10
1
1
23
5
2
2
3
16
33
19
20
11
1
1
21
12
5
14
1
4
2
2
1
2
1
1
----- 11
1
6
' ’ i........
4
9
1
7
j
5
20
7
3
i
10
7
1
1
1
3
!
1
4
25
5
18
1
1
13
5
8
21
4
5
3
3
1
10
2
TABLES
T o ta l* .
18
13
4
GENERAL
Molders, hand, bench, male:
California, ......................
Connecticut____________
Georgia..............................
Illinois _______________
Indiana-......... .................
Iowa__..............................
Kansas..............................
Kentucky..........................
Louisiana, ........................
Maine................................
Maryland..........................
Massachusetts..................
Michigan....... ................ .
Minnesota........................
Missouri...... .....................
New Hampshire...............
New Jersey.......................
New York.........................
Ohio__........................ ......
Oregon_________________
Pennsylvania. .................
Rhode Island....................
Tennessee.........................
Texas-..........................
Washington......................
Wisconsin.................. ......
90
T a b le D . — Average and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
F O U N D R IE S —Continued
T ota l....... ..................................
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
117
7
52
25
3
74
13
44. 2
37.1
42. 7
47.1
41. 5
49. 4
42. 3
41.2
14
1
18
5
48
1
04
9
5
11
28
201
3
4
8
1
12
832
38
739
106
87
69
67
176
20
21
402
5,375
43.8
68
16
4
45.7
39. 2
48.4
44.9
46.4
43. 2
45.9
39.4
40.5
47. 3
44. 5
42. 8
44.9
46.1
48.9
43.9
42.6
44. 2
41.3
47.0
39.4
51
7
40
8
7
10
7
6
2
8
2
13
12
7
2
3
4
23
21
3
3
2
111
17
217
336
68
6
12
29
325
456
25
28
19
220
15
17
25
26
7
312
247
214
2
7
101
2 i
1 1
1 j
2
9 !
1
1
11
1
1
1
4
1
4
6
3
2
1
113
1
6
11
2
1
1
11
3
5
3
3
1
10
3
6
1
1
12
2
41
763 I 573
355
7
290
21
3
6
5
1
26
40
67
72
42
25
55
9
8
41
7
3
4
13
4
473
250
4
3
9
44
5
18
18
29
9
35
13
5
45
24
136
5
I
2
1
6
34
1
1
10
20
10
13
6
1
2
22
122
4
70
8
1
31
61
54
76
11
1
7
43
37
24
1
2
3
39
13
1
29
30
4
20
15
12
3
3
8
1
1
1
25
10
2
1
1
7
75
59
10
2
18
3
34
36
3
Over
Over
Over
72
60
54
and 72 and 84 Over
and
60
un hrs. un hrs. un hrs. 84
hrs.
der
der
der ,
72
84
60
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
16
4
11
8
6
1
50
hrs.
Over
50
and 54
un hrs.
der
54
hrs.
84
3
22
3 1 34
154 1,016
1
1
48
hrs.
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
101
93
3
9
39
142
23 !_____
22
9
20
18
1
1
1
2
1
44
hrs.
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
8
11
20
17
2
55
5
1
4
6
9
12
1
1
1
1
2
3
12
2
24
3
8
11
7
1
2
8
3
1
4
224 i 320 ! 90 ! 98
2
i
10 . 1 18
!
3
2
10
5
9
1
12
221 1 333
1
26
15
14
3
3
5
5
3
20
2
3
17
35
11
6
i
6
118
1
8
5
7
8
6
1
2
13
13
11
1
12
18
16
3
2
2
17
19
55
14
3
1
37
7
23
16
7
4
1
1
16
2
3
4
14
11
3
35
3
20
1
15
9
11
2
1
1
32
2
8
21
25
1
2
14 1
1
2
2
3
2
1
3
24
6
5
1
3
SHOPS
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
MACHINE
XTpntnnlrv
TV/f rvl QTif\
Massachusetts
Michigan
M innAQntp
A/Ticcmiri
New Hampshire
Mpw Tpr^AV
New York
Ohio
P^nncvludtiiQ
TQlartii
Tennessee................................—
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
AND
Molders, machine, male:
California
Colorado
Connecticut
frpnrcnp
Illinois
Indiana
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOUfiS— FOUNDRIES
Molders, hand, floor, male—Con.
Ohio
Orpprm
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
TPTiTiASsiPfl
Texas
W ashin^ton
isconsin
age
hours
actu Un
Estab E m
ally
der
lish ploy worked
16
ments
ees
in 1
hrs.
week
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Num ber of—
Total 3
220
1
1
14
17
14
45
1
42
59
147
479
267
270
24
59.4
43.3
44.9
47.3
50.6
44.2
47.2
50.7
49.9
47.5
45.1
45.8
46.8
48.0
45.7
51.4
48.1
47.2
49.6
43.5
43.8
51.8
45.2
48.3
40.8
45.5
3
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
11
15
(j
6
2
10
1
1
2
1
1
47.4
40
50.5
42.1
32.6
49.4
49.9
43.8
51.2
44.1
47.7
46.0
46.4
41.3
46.7
44.0
47.4
1
2
1
3,102
62
53
59
82
51
102
103
24
46
20
52
21
98
108
30
99
106
80
207
16
224
10
66
247
1, 820
4
18
15
139
89
17
11
3
14
20
154
139
25
1
1
2
6
9
5
3
6
1
1
1
3
4
3
4
2
1
4
2
1
2
1
2
8
5
1
2
6
7
4
1
6
1
2
6
3
7
2
6
1
12
16
13
4
54
2
1
2
1
4
14
5
2
8
15
3
3
1
1
2
1
12
3
3
12
10
2
1
1
1
4
7
17
21
4
1
1
1
7
5
1
20
1
3
3
2
27
68
183
109
105
1
1
1
1
2
3
15
4
3
1
1
2
8
5
5
1
1
3
5
20
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
3
7
3
4
3
3
1
2
4
2
8
2
1
3
6
1
1
5
3
10
6
8
1
4
5
32
589
183
107
190
224
1
1
1
7
1
5
7
15
7
6
8
1
4
7
6
4
31
12
11
10
52
5
23
3
51
3
4
9
7
3
3
1
2
1
5
5
3
1
2
10
2
4
1
4
5
1
8
23
1
6
1
9
1
3
5
2
2
8
2
1
3
2
7
5
2
7
13
5
3
4
26
1
10
2
5
8
10
19
9
2
3
30
7
4
1
1
20
17
8
191
101
206
5
5
4
7
1
1
8
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
11
9
15
1
3
1
3
2
8
17
2
1
8
2
39
16
2
26
6
11
1
1
2
2
2
6
9
9
i
4
3
8
1
23
4
21
2
2
3
1
1
12
1
1
4
1
4
7
3
2
9
4
10
25
3
9
1
1
5
7
13
93
2
15
1
1
11
1
1
9
1
33
2
22
5
6
2
27
25
5
3
1
3
1
2
6
12
3
23
4
2
19
13
8
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
6
1
3
3
8
2
3
12
53
17
1
2
1
2
1
6
2
10
1
1
1
18
101
2'
2
10
7
13
15
7
1
7
9
3
14
7
4
3
249
5
32
73
1
12
1
1
1
78
113
5
18
8
1
87
2
2
6
11
7
302
1
2
36
3
3
21
1
3
10 !
35 |
2
1
3
1
1
18
1
7
1
1
10
1
4
6
1
1
3
1
6
1
18
5
2
4
21
36
1
150
2
2
TABLES
Pattern makers, male:
Alabama_________
California_________
Colorado.................
C on n ecticu t..........
Georgia...................
Illinois.....................
Indiana...................
Iow a.......... ..............
Kansas.....................
Louisiana_________
M aine.. ...................
M aryland...... .........
Massachusetts____
M ich ig a n ...............
M innesota________
1
10
GENERAL
M olders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabama_________________
California......... ....................
Colorado....... .......................
Connecticut....... ............... .
Georgia................................
Illinois..............................
Indiana................................
Iowa___________________
Kansas_________ _________
K entucky......................... .
Louisiana..... .....................
M aryland________________
Massachusetts................
M ichigan________________
M innesota_____ __________
M issouri.____ ____________
N ew Jersey. ........................
N ew Y o r k .. ........................
Ohio_______ ______________
Oregon___________________
Pennsylvania.....................
Rhode Island......................
Tennessee______________
Texas................................
W ashington.............. ...........
W isconsin............................
Total 2-
5
44.8
47.0
Texas_____
W isconsin-
2
1
4
1
3 Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
CO
D . — Average and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
92
T a b le
FOUNDRiES—Continued
Total 2....... ................................
7
132
45.7
40.4
52.1
50.5
49.3
38.7
48.7
52.6
46.4
44. 5
44. 1
49.0
1, 512
47.7
35
8
137
115
178
8
161
11
13
6
259
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
44
hrs.
142
114
23
89
22
9
17
51
30
84
50
hrs.
Over
50
and
un
der
54
hrs.
Over
Over
54
60
and
and
un hrs. un
der
der
72
60
hrs.
hrs.
Over
72
and 84 Over
un hrs. 84
der
hrs.
84
hrs.
26
236
76
MACHINE
M A C H IN E S H O P S
Assemblers, male:
Alabama____
California___
Connecticut-.
Georgia...........
Illinois. ..........
Indiana______
Iow a................
Kansas______
K en tu cky___
Louisiana____
M aine.............
M aryland___
22
146
324
7
860
325
89
40
76
2
22
41
1
1
2
3
3
9
3
2
1
2
3
2
1
3
19
4
1
7
3
4
1
1
2
1
9
7
1-4
4
3
11
31
12
39
11
1
2
7
1
3
11
32
1
22
3
2
1
6
5
1
1
2
1
1
18
2
4
5
5
28
1
6
3
4
4
3
5
5
3
1
98
18
2
2
1
1
223
90
7
5
6
12
19
4
1
28
5
5
1
8
8
2
SHOPS
48
hrs.
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
AND
Pattern makers, male—Continued.
M issouri______________________
N ew H a m p sh ire........................
New Jersey...................................
N ew Y ork —............... .................
Ohio....... ..................... .................
Oregon...... .................................. .
Pennsylvania_________________
Rhode Island..............................
Tennessee................... ..................
Texas....... ................ .....................
Washington.......... .............. .........
Wisconsin.....................................
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
A ver
age
hours
actu Un
Estab- Emally
der
lish- j ploy- worked 16
ments
in 1
week hrs.
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Num ber of employees who during one week worked—
Num ber of—
Massachusetts__
241
504
109537°— 29-
Miphigan..............
M innesota............
M issouri...............
N ew H am pshireNew Jersey...........
New Y ork .............
Ohio____________
Oregon____ ______
Pennsylvania.......
Rhode Island____
Tennessee.............
Texas .....................
W ashington_____
W isconsin.............
Total..
47.9
14
63
109
7
253
30
19
15
163
54.0
47.7
52.5
54.8
47.8
50.2
56.8
54.5
39.3
50.5
42.2
43.0
48.5
50.4
47.7
48.4
46.4
47.7
46.0
49.5
43.3
50.0
50.4
46.8
47.9
47.2
51.4
2,208
49.1
10
4
110
84
15
52
6
119
208
514
12
334
33
8
6
354
13
16
42
151
4
147
20
2
72
82
189
277
4
94
3
13
48
10
1
180
436
1
21
7
14
34
9
144
42
276
40
4
"113
54
2
122
4
14
18
1
12
3
44
51
118
3
191
3
41
35
41
4
5
76
17
1,039
1,200
935
182
20
42
3
29
4
18
10
1
20
1
12
1
6
2
5
10
3
1
10
24
75
13
45
1
40
114
93
262
236
131
1
4
21
7
37
1
28
17
21
4
232 | 87 | 259
158
20
47
21
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
25
422
301
5
203
40
1
18
79
7
TABLES
8, 019
22
GENERAL
Boring-mill hands and operators,
male:
Alabama............................. .....
California-.........................
Connecticut.............................
Georgia.....................................
Illinois-........................ ...........
Indiana...........................__I.II
Iowa.........................................
Kansas.....................................
Kentucky............................. ~~
Louisiana— ..........................II
Maine....... .......................... .....
Maryland. ........................
Massachusetts..........................
Michigan.......................... ......
Minnesota_______ ________ II
Missouri______ _____ I.IIIIII
New Hampshire....... ........... II
New Jersey..............................
New York__________________
Ohio........ ............. ...................
Oregon......... .................. IIIIII
Pennsylvania..... .....................
Rhode Island.........................
Tennessee__________________
Texas.................................... I_
W ashington.... .................... I_
Wisconsin...................... IIIIII
Total..
134
16
480
976
1, 718
30
1,187
143
30
67
34
437
47.1
49.1
45.8
50.2
49.9
49.4
47.2
47.1
43.6
47.0
46.2
43.7
50.1
48.2
48.7
68
1 I
co
CO
D .— Average and classified hows actually worked in one week by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
94
T a b le
M A C H IN E S H O P S -C o n tin u e d
Occupation, sex, and State
12
733
168
78
15
21
5
22
12
197
277
53.8
48.2
51.0
44
hrs.
160
1
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
48
hrs.
41 I
20 '.
7
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
Over
50
and 54
50
un
hrs. der hrs.
54
hrs.
Over
Over
Over
72
54
60
and 72 and
and
60 un
un
un hrs.
der hrs. der
der
60
72
84
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
170
2
3
15
6
27
110
95
17
138
78
107
39
3
13
51
2
6
1
2
5
84
29
113
1
11
2
24
55 | 114
338
101
270
654
478 | 128
3
119
Over
84
hrs.
SHOPS
50.8
46.2
50.0
46.9
46.5
49.2
55.3
52.7
40.3
56.7
44.2
45.7
47.9
47.3
46.8
46.2
50.5
48.6
46.8
47.2
42.1
47.0
44.9
45.0
46.6
43.4
50.1
47.5
Total .
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama__________________
California............................
Connecticut............................
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
MACHINE
22
205
413
755
18
682
109
26
29
24
275
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
AND
51
349
327
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
115
155
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
AND
Drill-press hands and operators,
male:
Alabam a.....................................
California....................................
C onnecticut..............................
C ecrgia-..................... ...............
Ilua- s.........................................
Indiana....... ........... ............... .
Iowa.................................... .........
Kansas.........................................
K e n t u c k y ............................. .
Louisiana............................... .
M aine........... ............................
M aryland........ ...........................
Massachusetts.................. .........
M ichigan........... ....................... .
Minnesota................................
Missouri_____________________
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey....... ............ ............
New Y ork.................... .............
Ohio___________ ___________
Oregon............... .....................
Pennsylvania-...........................
Rhode Island________________
Tennessee........ ..........................
Texas______________________
W ashington.... ...........................
W iscon sin ........................ .........
A ver
age
hours
actu Un
Estab E m
ally
der
lish ploy worked
16
ments
ees
in 1
hrs.
week
WAGES
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Num ber of—
20
Georgia.
Illin ois..
Indiana..
Iow a.
19
562
131
38
12
29
12
64
72
378
922
856
8
952
114
20
Total 2_.
Total 4_.
48.1
47
44.8
49.3
50.6
48.7
51.4
52.5
55.1
38.0
46.1
47.2
48.9
46.3
47.1
46.0
47.8
45.1
47.6
47.0
46. 6
47.7
47.8
51.1
122
5
412
93
38
3
4
8
17
185
173
14
27
13
84
185
390
217
129
298
2, 285
47. £
1
7
140
39
4
7
5
2
1
32
98
165
20
103
21
2
1
1
423
123
166
31
16
101
1
2
37
7
1,173
356
4
244
120
5
6
10
10
138
35
67
70
80
1
231
29
7
15
29
57
132
343
129
10
991
672 ! 231
46
1
28
106
18
4
3
10
15
1
32
187
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
189
41
TABLES
Grinding-machine
hands a n d
operators, male:
California________ ___________
Connecticut...... ..........................
Georgia...................... ..................
Illinois...........................................
Indiana.........................................
Iow a..............................................
Kansas..........................................
K en tu cky............ .........................
M aine_____________ __________
M aryland...... ..............................
M assachusetts. ..........................
M ich igan.....................................
M inn esota..................................
M issouri____________________
N ew Hampshire.........................
N ew Jersey............. .....................
N ew Y o r k ..................................
O hio_________________________
Pennsylvania..............................
Rhode Island...............................
W ashington.................................
W isconsin......................... ..........
6,661
56
GENERAL
K en tu cky. ...........
M aine_____ ______
Massachusetts___
M ichigan............. .
Minnesota_______
Missouri_________
N ew Hampshire..
New Jersey______
N ew Y ork ........... .
Ohio......................
Oregon................. .
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island____
Tennessee_______
Texas.....................
W ashington_____
W isconsin.............
49.1
47.5
47.5
52.7
55.2
44.3
42.5
48.2
48.3
49.1
50.3
51.2
47.2
48.4
47.1
35.4
48.6
46.7
44.7
49.3
45.1
49.7
123
103
309
295
178
191
45
214
27
87
4 Including data for 5 establishments for which details are not shown.
CD
Crt
D . — Average
and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
96
T a b le
M A C H IN E S H O P S -C o n tin u e d
459
8, 342
48.6
6
36
32
5
16
8
29
23
80
3
44
12
8
12
6
71
1,009
319
75
26
25
40
33
58
841
672
103
158
43
373
871
1,225
21
1,182 !
121
3
9
1
10
2
1
1
1
4
18
9
5
7
40
hrs.
1
3
4
2
3
9
3
8
1
8
3
19
13
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
9
12
3
4
6
5
14
24
7
3
20
7
14
28
17
3
3
5
4
5
18
16
127
12
6
1
18
1
2
6
2
1 1
6
6
32
11
1
3
2
4
44
31
1
9
1
14
38
99
4
84
5
2
1
21
6
2
1
1
6
12
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
44
hrs.
2
11
11
2
43
39
9
123
1
1
2
3
3
2
9
4
42
16
8
3
1
1
1
8
2
21
1
7
4
6
1
1
8
8
5
32
33
62
18
93
5
5
5
1
3
1
10
3
6
3
3
6
9
7
11
2
1
12
4
44
131
184
426
134
397
273
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
4
29
25
5
60
30
3
4
8
7
13
4
99
86
11
8
1
25
166
48
hrs.
25
66
4
1
2
1
18
92
53
14
10
45
277
122 | 135
3
3
166 | 118
38 1
4
43
19
5
3
17
17
20
960
949
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
3
7
Over
50
and 54
50
un
hrs. der hrs.
54
hrs.
1
12
6
65
42
9
273
75
6
8
2
1
3
34
24
44
33
2
2
19
24
17
]42
52
112
2
3
12
3
12
7
37
72
129
5
13
68
24
57
37
54
177
42
206
5
31
3
2
55
70
9
13
43
149
9
7
30
105
33
3
23
16
20
88
404 !l, 392
941
12
3
4
10
2
1
67
64152
2
2
12
32
3
3
25
24
74
1
18
26
17
94
47
34
4
5
14
301
6
4
9
Over
Over
Over
54
72
60
and
84 Over
60 and 72 and
un hrs.
un hrs. un hrs. 84
der
der
der
hrs.
60
72
84
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
39
170
1
10
6
1
8
11
3
1
3
4
12 1i
4
30
28
13
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
3
1
1
2
3
9
7
I
!
1
1
6
1
1
2
36
42
2
3
1
7
4
14
45
44
1
68
1
35
1
8
1
13
1
2
1
58
13
3
62
9
23
2
1
1
332 1,038
118
438
10
75
2
11
28
8
11
1
6
1
6
2
1
1
4
4
7
18
4
1
2
SHOPS
14
81
157
38
351
8
32
15
9
5
5
4
4
202
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
MACHINE
53
194
47.4
44.7
50.6
50.1
48.6
51.7
55.0
48.6
44.3
46. 7
43.9
48.0
48.6
48.6
43.3
47.3
50.5
50.4
48.2
48.7
42.7
48.5
48.7
46.2
47.7
41.0
49.6
16
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
AND
T otal............... .
6
21
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Laborers, male:
A labam a_______
California______
C onnecticut____
Georgia................
Illinois.................
Indiana...............
Iow a .............. ......
Kansas_________
K en tu cky........ .
Louisiana______
M aine__________
M aryland_____ ;
Massachusetts...
M ichigan........... .
M innesota..........
M issouri_______
New Hampshire.
N ew Jersey_____
New Y ork .........
O h io.....................
Oregon_________
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee...........
Texas__________
W ashington____
W iscon sin..........
Number of employees who during one week worked—
age
hours
actu Un
Estab E m
ally
lish ploy worked der
16
ments
ees
in 1
week hrs.
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
N um ber of—
10
7
7
7
3
3
4
36
21
5
16
6
26
22
80
5
44
11
3
6
22
219
232.
17
865
183
48
40
46
19
56
31
648
278
53
159
54
252
438
1,014
26
727
125
40
66
4
14
40
266
414
5, 964
15
16
3
23
6
5
2
6
2
2
3
30
25
3
11
7
25
20
60
3
40
96
91
6
432
80
38
5
42
2
16
11
254
383
9
40
23
134
230
448
9
569
49.6
45.4
49.8
55.5
48.1
48.1
53.9
50.3
43.4
52.2
44.1
43.1
47.1
47.8
47.7
48.4
49.3
46.8
48.7
48.0
43.2
48.2
46.7
47.6
47.3
44.3
51.1
1
3
2
1
2
3
5
7
1
3
7
1
4
7
5
8
1
3
1
1
1
48.0 i 57 !
45.0
49.4
50.3
47.6
45.9
55.8
58.5
36.0
56.0
46.0
40.7
47.5
46.7
46.8
46.6
52.0
46.4
46.4
46.8
42.3
45.3
2
i
3
1
1
7
2
1
3
4
4
9
6
1
9
1
1
1
3
3
9
9
6
1
13
9
92
17
7
26
3
14
3
53
113
4
2
1
1
2
15
8
1
6
10
25
1
8
3
1
4
56
119
1
1
4
2
7
1
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
2
3
9
1
2
9
1
4
1
3
1
2
6
2
1
2
2
1
4
26
58
20
1
4
2
11
1
34
75
1
52
6
2
4
5
13
5
2
22
8
1
1
24
40
1
2
1
11
II
1
1
1
4
6
3
3
7
5
9
2
22
349 ! 132
9
2
1
2
44
28
55
Ho j1
1
6
1
1
2
3
4
36
16
4
7
3
17
1
8
1
2
24
16
65
12
8
6
8
1
47
8
1
70
60
11
2
1
7
5
39
7
24
21
1
155
45
5
18
1
8
__ __
6
2
38
31
6
5
1
6
1
42
15
14
43
20
4
45
16
10
9
4
3
40
45
8
4
5
17
49
113
5
7
2
2
%
5
4
11
1
14
25
5 I
5
10
28
10
16
81
1
29
1 , 33
310 ! 832
686
381 | 987
582
272
532
58 ! 269
4
1
13
23
3
35
5
4
1
11
10
2
121
9
3
3
12
10
4
3
10
1
1
14
31
7
4
14
1
8
12
2
18
18
3
44
1
1
1
17
20
35
127
28
12
2
1
6
3
16
4
4
11
2
1
18
57
51
5
4
14
48
71
14
5
51
30
27
46
38
62 j
78
15
66
38
1
2
11
28
1
1
8
10
I
1
i
1
2
2
1
i
10
4
68
8
41
57
1
!
!
1
1 ........I........ ;.........
1
i
1
8
4
36
45
4
3
10
6
3
1
10
i
i
____ ! _ 1 ..
!
!
1
1
I
1
;
2
24
17
26
6
2
2
4
1
2
115
49
2
36
11
10
1
32
6
11
— r i ........
14
100
10
87
154
1
21
90
39
4
1
6
81
39
’
1
1
2
3
14
13
25
56
19
297
30
8
13
27
7
10
1
1
22
11
118
39
1
7
18
4
9
80
1
28
3
73
33
14
7
11
1
1
20
1
86
31
4
4
3
3
54
5
1
2
1
16
43
18
32
90
42
3
8
1
18 i
68
8
2
10
38
2
1
11
102
10
6
38
44
5
8
113
9
327
28
25
87
98
3
89
2
1
16
50
3
23
5
14
16
1
2
9
4
9
2
6
1
8
8
14
1
1
1
1
1
15
5
73
2
2
1
5
34
6
1
!
!
" I ........I
i
!
3 I
1 ! 13
I
i
!
i
:
1
i
I
i 1
3 ........I------- |........ :.........
! ...
1
j
8
2
TABLES
Total..
Lathe hands, turret, male:
California_____________
Connecticut....................
G eorgia .................. ........
Illinois..................... ........
In diana...........................
Iowa__________________
Kansas________________
K e n tu ck y .____ _______
Louisiana_____________
M aine_________________
M aryland_____________
Massachusetts_________
M ichigan________ ______
Minnesota_____ _______
Missouri______________
New Hampshire_______
New J ersey...................
N ew Y ork _____________
Ohio___________________
Oregon_________ _______
Pennsylvania.................
2
16
19
4
33
GENERAL
Lathe hands, engine, male:
Alabam a............ .............
California......................
Connecticut.....................
Georgia..............................
Illinois...............................
Indiana.............................
Io w a ........................ .........
K ansas.........................
K en tu cky................... .
Louisiana.........................
M aine. .......................... .
M aryland_____________
Massachusetts____ ____
Michigan_____ _______
Minnesota.......................
Missouri_______________
New Hampshire_______
New Jersey______ _____
N ew Y ork .......................
O h io.................................
Oregon........ ................ .
Pennsylvania..................
Rhode Island_____ ____
Tennessee.......... ..............
Texas_________________
W ashington____ ______
W isconsin........................
I
8
2
i
3
1
!
|
I
!
j
5
2
11
3
9
50
1
6
10
15
57
2
12
7
j
2 1
[
1
CO
-a
98
T a b l e D .— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
M A C H IN E S H O P S — Continued
Lathe hands, turret, male— Con.
Tennessee
Texas
W ashington
Wisconsin
T o ta l2
343
3,167
46.7
29
5
24
13
45
239
198
67
356
147
40
28
24
58
41
186
410
234
27
123
117
185
150
278
27
296
168
79
51.8
44. 2
53.8
46. 9
48.3
47. 6
51.8
52. 1
44.1
39. 8
48.6
47.1
44. 5
49.8
47. 7
46. 7
52. 6
43. 3
49. 5
47.6
45. 2
49. 5
47. 5
46.1
1
1
2
2
1
4
8
28
12
8
5
5
5
4
7
27
25
6
13
8
31
19
56
6
31
13
8
33
10
41
21
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
6
4
7
46
57
320
58
226
5
8
4
2
12
6
2
1
1
2
4
1
1
4
2
2
6
1
1
1
1
4
6
19
5
4
1
1
3
2
3
1 i
11 !
13
5
8
6
2
1
1
1
7
1
12
7
32
3
1
1
11
1
5
1
9
14
3
5
4
20
1
4
4
16
7
5
2
1
2
2
2
1
7
3
44
hrs.
16
10
1
184 ! 438
462
2
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
126
2
3
1
1
13
60
18 !
1
9
9
14
4
7
14 i
5
20
2
1
9
7
17
22
4
3
7
1
12
5
7
53
2
1
11
48
hrs.
22
9
14
12
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
16
1
2
3
1
11
1
1
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
23
3
2 I
6
4 j
14
21
21
42
13
1
2
9
9
7
28
38
34
1
10
1
28
22
48
5
40
34
14
2
19
26
2
3
2
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
1
1
1
6
1
6
5
2
3 1
3
162
428
44
3 1
10 1
16 1
9
10
10
1
1
3
3
69
50
13
50
18
9
35
20
5
74
15
Over
50
and 54
50
un
hrs. der hrs.
54
hrs.
4
1
25
3
84
51
11
8
1
23
16
19
13
63
38
9
8
12 1
20
1
5
7
46
25
26
23
15
13
15
26
84
19
6
3 i
1
269
16
16
14
9
73
13
2
2
3
4
8
30
27
1
8
6
21
2
2
11
16
80
2
1
4
13
2
9
2 !
2
5
7
5
37
13
49
11
23
4
12
4
Over
Over
Over
72
54
60
and
and 72 and 84 Over
60
i 84
un
un
un
der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. hrs.
84
60
72
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
15
1
277 l 55
6
8
15
6
20
6
6
6
1
3
8
1
1
3
2
8
21
43
1
1
14
12
1
70
5
4
3
28
23
7
2
1
2
i
8
7
1
1
1
1 ___ i.........
2 ____ !_____
6
1
15
16
l
l ,
1
1
:
7
8
9
27
3
1
6
43
3
5
2
21
1
1
1
1
3
3
5t
1
2
i
1
1
1•
7
4
:
1
SHOPS
137
6
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
MACHINE
11
46.7
48.0
46. 6
43.4
48.5
3
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
AND
Machinists, male:
Alabama
California
Connecticut
Georgia
_ _
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
M aryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
____________
Minnesota
Missouri
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey
New York
Ohio
_______________
Oregon
Pennsylvania
R hode Island
Tennessee____________________
11
t
s
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
A ver
age
hours
actu Un
ally
Estab E m
der
lish ploy worked 16
in 1
ments
ees
week hrs.
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees who during one week worked—
Num ber of—
42.3
41.8
53.9
T ota l.. .......................................
395
3,794
47.7
64
3
14
94
162
7
146
1
1
1
1
6
2
5
13
56
4
24
9
53
77
57
28
73
96
209
14
159
71
15
41
18
205
49.8
46.3
57.7
45.3
45.9
46.1
51.7
52.3
34.8
33.3
47.8
46.1
48.0
46.4
48.1
47.7
48.6
49.2
43.4
49.1
48.6
46.3
39.0
43.6
51.8
269
1, 671
48.9
6
52.7
46.4
49.7
48.5
51.0
57.0
44.5
49.2
46.5
42.7
45.5
50.1
45.7
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ help
ers, male:
Alabama....... ................................
California....................................
Connecticut__________________
Georgia..........................................
Illinois............................................
Indiana..........................................
Iow a......... .............................. .....
Kansas. .........................................
K entucky....................................
Louisiana......................................
M aine...... ....................................
M aryland.......... ......................
Massachusetts...... ..............
M ichigan............................
M issouri.................................
N ew Jersey................................
N ew Y ork.....................
Ohio............................. .......*.
Oregon..... ..........................
Pennsylvania..........................
Rhode Island________
Tennessee.........................
Texas........................................
W ashington.............................
W isconsin.......... ............ .
T o t a l»................................
Milling-machine hands and oper
ators, male:
Alabam a...............................
California......................................
Connecticut........ ...................... .
Illinois....... ..................................
Indiana....... ................................
Iow a....... ........................................
K entucky................................
Louisiana........... .........................
M aine. ...........................................
M aryland.......... ...........................
Massachusetts_______________
M ichigan....................................
Minnesota..................... .............
9
7
20
9
4
17
6
5
8
2
2
3
6
12
11
11
23
21
34
5
26
9
4
8
2
22
11
13
16
25
13
3
5
57
147
375
71
23
3
3
33
18
13
343
124
13
2
22
3
12
2
5
4
1
1
3
57
1
2
1
1
1
5
6
2
9
7
4
19
2
5
9
3
4
2
4
22
29
7
23
1
26
1
2
75
189
130
173
301
470
435
248
571
390
133
299
33
180
g
40
3
1
6
1
2
2
31
14
15
9
3
18
1
1
5
28
5
1
22
40
14
3
10
2
11
2
1
3
2
2
7
3
1
1
2
2
10
1
2
4
2
1
9
5
3
8
1
2
4
2
3
7
1
2
1
2
2
1
3
4
5
1
1
2
2
3
4
3
3
3
7
4
3
3
4
2
1
1
1
6
8
10
23
13
4
4
3
1
1
8
3
1
7
5
1
4
4
7
5
30
17
3
7
4
18
29
17
50
78
32
53
110
215
1
6
7
21
1
4
25
23
2
1
1
2
3
1
2
9
2
2
1
3
2
3
1
3
1
2
2
9
1
1
1
10
2
5
16
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
28
80
1
1
2
2
2
6
31
2
8
1
6
1
60
3
10
14
4
20
22
10
22
22
5
14
1
4
3
2
10
15
4
3
1
1
9
1
4
5
3
23
8
3
1
3
1
4
7
26
11
3
7
12
1
23
8
1
6
3
10
4
47
5
34
4
14
22
15
12
4
2
40
1
8
1
2
1
2
2
83
250
188
76
5
5
17
3
14
54
1
2
34
1
22
2
1
1
1
46
56
19
22
1
4
15
1
13
1
1
2
8
13
2
0
1
21
1
5
3
4
22
2
1
1
1
2
10
15
5
3
14
31
7
5
1
2
1
1
1
21
1
6
g
91
«o
38
2
2
2
16
7
51
190
1
3
0
3
8
1
4
**
10
1
7
1
5
3
2
29
3
4
2
2
11
25
3
8
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
22
37
13
j
1
5
2
3
12
8
2
2
1
2
6
3
g
7
7
151
4
35
3
1
45
4
1
1
2
3
26
5
20
2
5
3
5
2
3
8
1
2
2
1
1
13
3
2
2
2
2
8
10
2
6
2
1
6
1
1
1Including data for 2 establishments for which details are not shown.
2
1
5
1
12
TABLES
73
61
137
3
12
GENERAL
Texas._________ _______________
Washington______ ____________
W isconsin____________________
47
33
36
CO
.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
100
T able D
MACHINE SHOPS— Continued
343
2, 872
47.8
11
12
44
96
9
149
17
4
5
43. 7
49. 8
52. 6
48. 2
48.1
48.1
49. 6
48. 1
48. 0
49. 8
47. 5
50. 3
47. 8
51. 5
48.4
45. 8
49.8
2
2
3
25
7
3
3
3
16
7
7
5
17
11
43
3
29
8
4
10
6
57
11
15
7
77
140
191
7
204
4
3
5
1
1
1
10
7
6
4
1
1
2
22
22
13
10
1
1
1
1
2
3
17
40
42
6
1
1
1
2
17
5
6
13
23
40
5
1
6
8
2
3
1
1
21
34
118
37
6
1
3
8
6
5
4
27
2
3
5
9
2
11
7
3
32
11
8
1
9
2
1
1
1
1
2
12
2
5
4
4
3
3
12
35
35
2
15
1
1
3
8
2
2
11
3
1
2
2
3
1
20
36
3
2
..........
15
6
2
1
1
6
1
3
1
2
5
1
2
1
8
1
15
14
25
9
3
24
28
43
6
15
16
5
73
2
16
1
10
1
9
1
1
3
24
26
2
5
3
i
2
22
1
2
4
2
22
20
288
21
14
51
2
2
10
66
5
1
6
2
2
68
31
3
4
6
2
8
8
12
5
5 1
16
282
1
3
5
5
7
5
7
3
7
2
1
12
395
2
1
1
2
5
77
15
3
2
3
5
14
37
43
5
4
3
4
4
146
85
61
1
9
23
16
63
25
40
187
169
1
1
1
8
415
112
5
3
5
10
Over
Over
Over
Over
54
72
50
60
Over
and
and 54
72 and 84
50
60 and
84
un
un
un
un
hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. hrs.
72
84
54
60
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
115 | 397
177
1
2
48
hrs.
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
3
65
1
1
4
7
114
64
36
29
7
5
2
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
2
1
2
1
44
hrs.
4
5 !
1
!
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
1
1
7
27
1
4
3
8 |
SHOPS
117
19
70
39
9
30
78
401
536
360
91
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
MACHINE
Pattern makers, male:
California
Connecticut
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
M assachusetts
Michigan
Missouri
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey
N ew York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsvlvania.................... ...........
3
15
7
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
AND
T o ta l3
22
51.1
48. 6
48.8
47. 2
47.9
46.4
46. 5
48.9
52.0
46. 5
51.9
10
21
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Milling-machine hands and oper
ators, male—Continued.
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
N ew York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
Washington
Wisconsin
Aver
age
hours
actu Un
Estab E m
ally
der
lish ploy worked
16
ments
in 1
ees
hrs.
week
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Num ber of employees who during one week worked—
N um ber of—
Rhode Island_________________
Tennessee.....................................
Texas.............................................
W ashington..................................
W isconsin____ ______________
10
Total 2........................................
Screw-machine hands and opera
tors, male:
A labam a.......................................
California .......................... . . . .
Connecticut.................................
Illinois .........................................
Indiana.........................................
I o w a ......................... ............... ...
K entucky____________ ________
M aine.................... .......................
Massachusetts......... ................
Michigan......... .............................
M issouri.......................................
235
1, 228
49.1
2
6
1
1
1
1
5
4
1
1
1
25
52
20
5
3
1
3
5
43
2
5
2
31
3
4
6
2
1
5
“
2
9
3
4
5
1
4
5
52
78
157
153
87
166
171
4
10
30
177
3
1
1
20
3
60
===== ===== = = -
=
3
7
87
339
1,818
48.8
2
4
7
69
116
54.5
44.7
44.9
45.9
47.6
58.3
38.8
50.0
47.8
48.0
50.2
14
17
2
23
9
4
6
4
3
2
31
12
5
10
5
23
21
68
3
42
11
3
3
4
3
9
18
4
2
3
2
26
15
4
41
148
10
135
34
6
6
13
12
8
177
46
9
48
12
71
174
462
4
254
36
6
11
6
8
4
115
68
7
1
2
?,
1
1
1
1
3
12
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
2
1
3
4
2
8
1
2
2
10
1
4
1
5
7
1
3
13
35
1
4
24
27
106
3
1
1
4
9
6
7
2
3
6
1
10
1
6
17
5
8
1
3
1
1
1
3
4
28
7
9
8
1
2
2
2
21
7
9
1
33 |
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
24
2
9
2
8
2
1
8
1
37
13
1
1
1
3
5
1
43
54
7
7
41
49
13
15
11
1
2
10
26 ~~23_
6
9
37
9
40
58
2
1
1
24
1
8
2
31
8
3
6
1
4
7
11
10
1
8
2
1
11
8
15
1
1
2
1
1
3
16
5
64
52
17
9
24
9
2
1
8
66
107 i
27
1
0
235
98
246 I 186
72
180
1
6
10
2
1
2
8
7
14
1
2
1
34
14 i
16 i 22
5
3
3
1
13 i
13 1
23
7
1 1
1
5
3
2
3
26
25
1
20
8
1
28
276
1
2
8
77
2
2'
9
52
87
1
3
3
5
36
I
1
g
2
1
10
7
3
7
2
1
1
4
1
2
3
5
24
16
15
47
15
7
1
1
6
6
22
1
1
3
5
3
3
6
3
14
5
1
2
13
4
5
2
2
3
1
1
14
4
1
4
I
2
1
1
4
3
© OO
11
50.3
44.7
53.3
36.6
46.9
46.7
56.8
51.9
42.6
42.1
44.3
48.4
47.8
49.2
46.9
44.9
47.8
48.4
49.2
44.4
49.9
46.3
45.2
47.4
47.1
49.9
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
1
1
1
1
A
2
1
1
2
!
i
i
l
2
1
2 1
3
8
tables
Total 2__........................
8
17
95
11
General
Planer hands and operators, male:
Alabam a............ .......... ................
California......................................
Connecticut.......................... .......
Georgia. __.....................................
Illinois...........................................
Indiana.........................................
Io w a ........... ............ ....................
Kansas____________ ___________
K en tu cky.....................................
M aine............. ..............................
M aryland_________ ___________
Massachusetts.............................
M ichigan......... ............................
M innesota______________ .
M issouri________________ _
N ew Hampshire________ . .
N ew Jersey........... ....................
N ew Y o r k .................................
O hio__________________
Oregon.......................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island......... .....................
Tennessee..........................
Texas..................................
W ashington........ ............ .
W isconsin...... .....................
67
7
50.8
49.1
49.9
46.3
50.4
3
4
4
1
2
1
1
* Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
10 ------
2
.—Average and classified hours actually worked in one week by employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Contd.
102
T able D
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
Screw-machine hands and opera
tors, male— Continued.
N ew Hampshire
New Jersey
N ew York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
^ isconsin
14
49
Total *........................................
Chraornrt
Pennsylvania...............................
213
1,520
46.5
15
2
15
18
4
24
13
3
2
6
4
4
35
24
3
12
5
17
20
64
2
38
8
56
115
6
300
77
11
2
12
16
42
283
202
11
27
20
85
407
607
3
276
57.3
47.7
48.7
53. 6
49. 6
51.3
53. 4
56.3
44.4
45.0
46.9
47 7
49. 2
47.0
48.5
51.1
47.3
48.0
47.6
45.3 1
48.8 1
1
1
1
2
8
1
11
5
40
hrs.
Over
40
and
un
der
44
hrs.
1
12
44
hrs.
4
3
9
7
5
34
87
9
4
14
4
28
36
4
1
8
10
13
38
181
26
113
45
1
1
3
1
1
7
1
2
22
2
2
4
9
8
13
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
7
4
5
16
1
1
5
21
3
1
6
3
1
1
1
1
4
2
4
29
1
1
3
3
11
12
1
2
3
3
2
3
1
10
15
36
2
12
13
30
4
5
4
13
5
8
7
1
1
Over
44
and
un
der
48
hrs.
1
2
50
45
35
15
48
hrs.
1
2
73
35
35
11
3
225
194
6
5
21
49
17
9
1
4
5
7
36
35
2
1
2
26
53
12
10
6
Over
48
and
un
der
50
hrs.
6
2
102
Over
Over
Over
Over
72
54
60
50
and 72 and 84 Over
and
and 54
60
50
84
un
un
un
un
hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. der hrs. hrs.
84
72
54
60
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
hrs.
11
3
25
27
1
2
3
18
4
20
8
8
5
19
3
23
1
185
114
33
7
38
11
10
42
39
27
3
1
1
3
4
3
153
1
2
1
1
3
58
8
2
11
136 ! i i
34
17
25
2
20
20
1
1
2
12
2
31
2
1
1
4
5
3
2
6
1
2 ;
2
1
____
3
1
3
8
1
6
2
7
1
16
11
7
7
56
7
3
2
12
1
9
7
63
2
126
82
14
175
149
3
24
19
64
3
6
64
3
14
14
33
52
31
24
29
4
54
3
5
1
1
8
18
i
52
55
1
3
17
3
4
3
14
24
14
5
2
6
1
5
1
1
2
2
82
16
SHOPS
A/Ti/*Vncrcm
A/Tinnp^nffv
TVficannri
\Tatit P Qmn<jhirA
"M’awt T^rQAv
XTniF V nr\r
Ohio
2
21
11
4
5
32
and
un
der
40
hrs.
MACHINE
Kansas
WoritnpVv
’M’oiri/i
52.0
48.5
45.8
48.1
43.4
43.1
49.1
24
and
un
der
32
hrs.
AND
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama
California
Connecticut
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
13
7
30
170
432
287
62
104
2
12
16
and
un
der
24
hrs.
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
A ver
age
hours
actu Un
E stab E m
ally
der
lish p loy w orked 16
ees
in 1
ments
hrs.
week
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
WAGES
Number of employees who during one week worked—
N um ber of—
—
1
109
9
13
Rhode Island.
Tennessee___
Texas-----------W ashington..
Wisconsin___
T o t a l 2_____
354
2,8
48.1
47.2
46.4
46.8
50.3
48.5
17 j
-si
16
18
44
123
138
58
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
T
able
1
1 I
71
415
575
227
417
322
67
254
11
3 Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
E .— Average and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State
FOUNDRIES
N um ber of—
I
$5
$20
$25
$10
$15
$30
$35
$45
$40
$50
$55
$60
$65
$70
Un and
and i and and and and and and and | and and and and
der under and under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
$5
$15
$25
$35
$20
$10
$30
$40
$45
$55 j $60
$65 | $70
$50
$75
|
23
101
40
114
38
293
166
70
38
20
34
24
37
378
380
43
51
27
250
296
486
23
470
$17.
27.
20.
24.
11.
27.
23.
24.
18.
19.
15.
21.
20.
25.
25.
28.
24.
24.
25.
29.
23.
23.
24.
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
7
1
1
1
1
2
20
4
3
2
6
6
4
4
2
8
8
9
13
3
2
6
3
4
36
1
7
11
1
10
2
9
15
7
44
32
9
9
15
8
1
2
4
1
1
1
2
2
21
7
17
10
13
25
49
3
5
2
3
35
23
28
89
20
70
5
20
46
6
30
19
40
37
8
56 i
39 !
34
18
6 I
71
44
9
3
5
63
24
7
13
3
3
71
81
7
17
7
1
2
6
202
81
15
25
14
46
55
187
16
139
101
74
76
4
141
6
1
1
6
19
6
5
3
30
62
5
15
35
13
14
4
46
50
56
54
18
1
8
1
2
20
45
14
1
1
1
9
7
22
j
2 !..........
4
2
1
i
i
!
2
8
!
2
11
1
$75 $80 $85
and and and $90
un un un and
der der der over
$80 $85 $90
TABLES
Chippers and rough grinders, male:
Alabama........... .............. .............
California.....................................
Colorado____ _________________
Connecticut.................... . ..........
Georgia........ .................................
Illinois...... ....................................
Indiana.........................................
Iowa...... .......................................
K a n sa s.........................................
K en tu ck y...................................
L ou isia n a.._____ _____________
M aine________________________
M a ry la n d .............. ...................
Massachusetts___ ____________
M ichigan_____________________
M innesota_____________ _______
M issouri_______________ _______
N ew Hampshire______________
N ew Jersey_________ __________
N ew Y ork .......... ...................... .
O hio............. .................................
Oregon________ ________________
Pennsylvania.............................. .
Number of employees whose earnings per week were—
GENERAL
Occupation, sex, and State
A ver
age
actual
earn
Estab E m
ings
lish
in 1
ments ployees
week
7
5 1
1
2 I
1
!
!
j
!
1
j
!
2 ;
2
1‘
1
1
1
!
1
!
1
i ;
..........i.......... 1.......... !_____
1
i
!
2 1.......... 1
1
1 i.......... i
1 !
1
O
CO
and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
104
T a b l e E .— Average
FOUNDRIES—Continued
120
33
22
26
254
T otal....................................... .
25. 04
19
117
20
12
512
52
41
899
16
55
12
7
2
14
25
64
1
132
13
7
46
41
106
4
73
5
3
SHOPS
96
31
227
170
78
15
9
14
9
5-2
163
338
51
63
9
130
220
393
27. 57
37. 26
32. 73
34. 63
22. 05
35. 20
30. 70
35. 92
26. 96
31.89
28. 77
23. 39
26. 98
36. 54
32. 39
33. 36
36. 03
31. 21
36. 43
35. 33
35. 62
33.17
32. 68
29.31
25. 86
1,153
MACHINE
$23. 90
14. 04
17. 19
29. 12
29. 00
AND
Core makers, male:
Alabama........... ..........................
California............................. ......
C olorado.....................................
Connecticut......... ............. ........
Georgia................. ......................
Illinois.................... ............ ........
Indiana............... ........................
Iowa........... ....................... .........
Kansas....... .................................
K en tu cky.............................—
Louisiana........................ ............
M aine..........................................
M aryland____________________
Massachusetts____ ____ _____
M ichigan....................................
Minnesota...... ............................
Missouri......................................
N ew Hampshire.......................
New Jersey.................................
New Y ork ..................................
O h io ...................... ....................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania..............................
Rhode Island..............................
Tennessee....................................
$80 $85
and and $90
un un and
der der over
$85 $90
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Chippers and rough grinders,
male—Continued.
Rhode Island_________ ______
Tennessee.................. .................
Texas_________ ______________
W ashington................................
W isconsin.............. ................. .
$75
$65
$70
$55
$40
$45
$35
$15
$50
$30
$5
$10
$20
$25
Un and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and
der under under under under! under under under under under under under under under under un
der
$5
$65
$55
$70
$35
$45
$60
$15
$25
$30
$50
$20
$40
$10
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
A verage
actual
earn
Estab
Em
ings
lish
in 1
ments ployees
week
WAGES
Number oi employees whose earnings per week were-
Number of—
9
7
13
26
17
156
29. 45
34. 51
29. 85
4
5
2
5
8
10
19
7
4
31
28
3
9
25
T otal..................... .....................
Core makers, female:
Illinois. ............. ............. .............
Indiana________ _______________
K en tu cky______ _______________
Massachusetts____ ____________
M ichigan...... .............. ..................
New Jersey______ _____________
New Y o r k ...................... .............
O hio............... ................................
P e n n s y lv a n ia ..-...... ..................
Rhode Island........ .......... ...........
W is c o n s in ...............................
Total i . .....................................
Laborers, male:
A la b a m a ....................... .............
California........... ...........................
Colorado-. ______ ______ _
C o n n e c tic u t.............................
Georgia. .......................................
Illin ois........................... .......
Indiana. ............... ........... ..........
Iowa _____________________
Kansas..... ..............................
K en tu ckv..................... ..............
Louisiana. ........................ ...........
M aine.......... .............. ..............
M arylan d.. ............... .................
Massachusetts________ ______
Michigan .....................
M innesota__________ _______
M issouri.. . . . . . ____________
N ew Hampshire.......... ............ .
New Jersey__
___
N ew Y ork ............ ....................
O hio_____________ ____________
Oregon............................................
Pennsylvania.______ __________
Rhode Island...... ....................... .
Tennessee...................................
Texas. _
......................
W ash in g ton ________
_____
W isconsin............................. .
T o t a l .......................................
401
3,040
33. 44
11
36
70
165
300
495
574
582
4
52
18
5
3
55
49
54
14
29
7
31
324
24.07
23. 59
20. 82
31. 65
14. 39
19.00
22.09
1
3
12
15
7
3
11
5
4
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
67
258
24
490
165
902
839
186
28
23
34
39
135
695
1,521
105
145
31
705
741
1,237
53
1,602
193
87
196
55
461
i 11,017
16. 47
25. 67
21.59
23. 77
13.11
26.14
23. 46
24.15
17.82
17. 35
15.18
22.19
16.91
23. 75
24. 64
24. 42
20. 55
19.48
22.71
26.81
23. 23
20. 44
22. 06
25. 73
13. 63
16. 03
24. 69
28. 31
23. 54
2
2
2
7
4
7
2
3
2
4
41
4
20
2
16
7
28
15
3
7
28
39
5
12
6
17
25
52
7
40
21.00
17. 74
20. 64
19. 83
19. 92
7
2
4
1
2
9
8
17
5
12
6
2
3
24
6
1
1
4
20
14
27
2
5
13
18
3
3
8
2
5
61
9
4
20
81
58
48
17
4
3
2
1
3
9
1
14
13
54
25
38
123
7
16
3
32
30
7
23
1
2
12
3
16
2
13
2
22
21
26
1
1
66
1
17
19
174
1
6
1
2
9
9
45
3
2
11
5
14
5
14
1
10
1
8
9
22
3
5
2
5
79 __ 80
37
26
6
91
53
67
165
34
10
8
16
9
61
126
185
19
43
11
163
76
249
18
384
14
30
82
4
33
11
88
11
201
2
277
240
51
5
9
3
21
26
227
417
46
33
11
237
187
409
24
507
69
3
1
7
1
3
3
5
5
1
2
2
2
5
2
40
16
2
3
1
25
433 _250_
1
69
1
1
1
24
5
2
1
270
191
34
91
97
16
42
33
36
ii
4
25
5
11
2
1
1
7
6
166
375
15
22
3
149
176
272
6
332
78
2
2
2
59
174
2
10
1
53
84
3
4
i
j
I
2
6
2
45
134
145
39
62
33
4
26
16
124
14
35
13
10
2
l
5
l
i
;
6
51
i
2
26
1
2
13
4
6
1
j
9 I
1
1
2
1
3
1
j
1
-------- !..........
-------- 1..........
5
l
6
1
1
24
7
13
4
13
120
124
74
45
19
15
l
10 !
1
401
147
293
893 2, 020 3, 277 2,441 1,072
515
206
96
44 1
4
2
7
===== =
=
===== =
===== = = ----= = = = ===== = = =
= = .
1Including data for 2 establishments for which details are not shown.
8
7
9
1
1
66
2
2
1 ____I
1
7
3
1
8
11
1
49
20
34
!
1
85
4
91
23
r
|
........ 1........
1
1 i____
11 !
4
20
1
1
1
2
TABLES
11
6
4
4
6
1
1
1
GENERAL
Texas..............................................
Washington........................ ..........
Wisconsin......................................
28
15
=
_ _
.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
106
T able E
FOUNDRIES—Continued
324
2,063
35.12
53
205
49
244
38.19
39. 34
34. 08
3o. 55
30.93
6
5
2
4
6
27
35
4
6
6
15
20
43
5 ,
28
8
4
4
8
11
4
12
31
295
294
36
18
25
73
157
237
8
11
68
4 i
12 |
6 I
4
59
34
4 !
8 :
180
401
79
57
SHOPS
50
14
7
34
134
109
53
MACHINE
H olders, hand, floor, male:
A labam a...........................
California............. ...........
Colorado_______ _______
Connecticut____________
Georgia..............................
11
22
60
111
AND
Total *.......................... -
6
185
57
34
15
$38.10
29.84
27.40
36.16
36. 47
40.41
29.52
30.17
20.94
32.14
31.35
39.14
35.85
39.15
30.10
32.83
40. 30
34. 98
33. 85
31.43
34.01
33.07
23.13
35. 83
36. 65
29. 23
18
13
4
$75 $80
$65
$70 and and and $90
$50
$55
$35
$40
$45
$25
$30
$15
$10
$5
Un and
and and and and and and and and and and and and and
der under under under under under under under under under under under Sunder under under un un un and
der der der over
$5
$75
$70
$55
$60
$65
$45
$50
$35
$40
$25
$15
$20
$10
$85
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Molders, hand, bench, male:
California______________
Connecticut____________
Georgia...... .......................
Illinois........................ .......
Indiana...................... .......
Io w a ..................................
Kansas________________
Kentucky .........................
L ou isian a................. .......
M aine_________________
M aryland........... ..............
Massachusetts.................
M ichigan..........................
M innesota_______ _____
M issouri______ _______
New Hampshire_______
N ew Jersey.......................
New Y o rk _____________
O h io...................................
Oregon____________ _____
Pennsylvania____ ______
Rhode Isla n d ..................
Tennessee.........................
Texas........ .........................
W ashington—. .................
W isconsin—.......................
Estab E m
lish
ments ployees
Num ber of employees whose earnings per week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
WAGES
N um ber of—
402
35.46
32.06
40.68
31.85
29.49
30.21
28.42
32.94
41.82
34.19
29. 86
37.48
29.10
39.45
36.88
37.46
32.12
34.84
35.78
28.92
36.15
35. 61
32.95
35.91
16
4
43. 68
24. 99
31.34
31.64
36. 52
31.25
31. 70
23.01
23.05
30. 22
37.18
31.25
29.89
30. 27
38. 75
33. 21
33.51
33. 79
28.91
36. 27
17. 52
31. 75
36. 30
;3. 32
111
17
217
336
325
456
25
28
19
220
312
247
214
101
220
7
19
288
3,102
5
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
8
1
1
2
1
14
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
5
2
1
1
3
9
80
1
2
17
2
1
1
2
21
22
1
20
4
7
11 1I
172
9
45
90
1
7
4
23
449
2
1
12
6
25
14
45
8
14
6
24
32
62
3
125
19
22
9
4
11
1
6
1
4
5
1
18
49
4
4
43
62
4
5
16
35
46
44
47
13
1
19
9
16
5
2
6
167
6
2
22
22
41
9
2
2
19
296
15
3
24
27
92
23
30
13
37
46
128
13
144
43
27
11
61
54
17
7
106
42
23
132
74
70
62
3
41
44
3
49
6
6
1
21
1
22
2
67
9
162
13
7
18
25
13
1
1
8
48
56
128
4
108
2
2
37
22
187
2
73
6
1
4
4
18
2
2
3
1
8
62
56
22
10
11
19
21
38
620 1,024 1,103
22
9
5
5
3
3
2
1
71
7
13
27
64
6
2
8
29
48
10
36
5
7
3
11
1
1
1
10
18
7
16
49
9
14
9
27
51
23
47
4
1
1
10
6
1
2
14
26
1
41
31
1
6
1
10
21
6
1
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
2
3
3
59
1
15
3
1
15
24
4
1
2
8
13
5
3
2
3
2
5
13
1
7
1
6
1
TABLES
361
288
130
44
35
41
35
96
367
417
45
146
49
262
326
832
38
739
106
87
69
67
176
5, 375
GENERAL
Illinois......................
Indiana................. ......
Iow a_______________
Kansas— ............—
K entucky...................
Louisiana...................
M aine__ ___________
M aryland...................
Massachusetts_____
M ich ig a n ..................
M innesota_________
Missouri___________
New Hampshire____
New Jersey................
New Y o r k ____ _____
O hio.......................... ..
Oregon_____ ______
Pennsylvania______
Rhode Island.......... .
Tenn essee.................
T e x a s .........................
Washington________
W isconsin..................
T otal........ ..............
Molders, machine, male:
California. .................
Colorado. ...................
Connecticut..............
Georgia.......................
Illinois_____________
Indiana—...................
Iowa_______________
Kansas.......................
K en tu ck y.................
M aryland__________
Massachusetts........ .
M ichigan__________
M innesota_________
Missouri___________
New Hampshire___
New Jersey________
New Y ork ..................
O hio_______________
Pennsylvania............
R hode Island............
Tennessee__________
Texas---------------------Wisconsin....... ...........
Total 3.....................
6
10
1
1
4
42
495
34
1 Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
Average and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
108
T able E .—
F O U N D R IE S — Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
1,820
22.91
3
17
33
4
18
15
$39.65
42. 28
29. 33
32.17
33. 36
10
7
8
7
5
4
20
12
3
9
9
17
24
5
24
4
6
8
11
2
4
4
102
103
24
46
20
52
21
98
108
30
99
106
80
207
16
224
10
66
38
22
1
2
3
9
2
2
2
2
1
4
1
2
1
11
7
3
3
1
2
3
20
8
7
7
7
1
16
5
2
. 4
2
8
2
5
7
5
1
4
1
1
12
8
7
9
7
17
9
12
7
14
15
21
25
14
7
32
1
30
48
13
15
9
11
2
43
15
11
10
6
22
10
1
13
7
5
7
5
3
3
4
3
19
9
3
5
6
1
6
1
21
4
7
4
1
25
25
3
33
14
13
38
5
63
4
1
1........
1
I
3
4
8
21
5
14
2
1
6
15
6
3
1
1 i
1
1
1
1..........
1
11
12
7
9
58
23
7
4
18
11
8
3
1
1
2
395
509
357
185
66
35
1
1
1
1
1
3
14
9
2
1
1
1
37
7
29
58
161
1
29
16
16
46
16
60
5
55
3
3
2
8
1
1
1
20
2
18
54
1
12
1
2
1
2
10
2
2
7
7
2
3
9
33
6
1
33
3
3
2
1
2
3
1
3
2
2
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
21 !
2
2
2
4
1
SHOPS
247
5
17
3
MACHINE
38
12
62
53
59
82
51
$75 $80 $85
and and and $90
un un un and
der der der over
$80 $85 $90
AND
5
7
$19. 33
26. 67
20. 92
25. 22
13. 11
23. 96
20. 79
21.85
18. 59
18. 02
18. 24
20. 63
24.71
28. 66
20. 02
25. 66
23. 70
27.17
23.48
25. 94
23. 93
27.27
14.15
19.20
25.17
22. 65
3
$5
$10
$15
$25
$20
$30
$35
$45
$40
$55
$65
$50
$70
$60
Un
and and and and and and and and and and and and and and
der
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
$5
$15
$10
$20 $25
$35
$30
$40
$45
$55
$75
$65
$50
$70
$60
I
1
12
1
2
2
I
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Total 2........ ..............................
Pattern makers, male:
A labam a.________ _____________
California...... ................................
Colorado____________ __________
Connecticut.................. ................
Georgia............... ......................
4
11
Num ber of employees whose earnings per week were—
AND
M olders’ helpers, floor, male:
Alabama_______________ _______
California____________ _________
Colorado .......................................
Connecticut......... .........................
Georgia...........................................
Illinois. ............. ............................
Indiana. ........................................
Iowa .....................................
Kansas..... .................................
Kentucky............................. .........
Louisiana.......................................
M aryland_________ ______ _____
M assachusetts _____ _________
M ichigan............................ ..........
M innesota....................................
Missouri.......................................
New Jersey...................................
New Y ork .............................. .......
O h io .............................................
Oregon............. ..............................
Pennsylvania...... .........................
Rhode Island................................
Tennessee....................................
Texas..............................................
W ashington........... .......................
W isconsin......... .............................
Estab
Em
lish
ments ployees
A ver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
WAGES
N um ber of—
I.,.,
109537
T o t a l 2............... ............. ..........
12
10
8
8
2
30
3
5
4
161
2
10
7
132
39.01
47. 71
30.22
34. 45
34.93
29.16
30. 57
35.12
37. 21
34. 60
48. 90
31.22
44.93
41.15
41.16
35. 28
40. 69
34.83
40. 65
31. 73
39. 76
38.19
259
1,512
39. 62
3
7
22
29
5
7
2
13
20
30
2
139
89
17
11
3
14
20
154
139
25
35
8
137
115
178
8
11
13
6
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
6
8
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
7
1
7
2
22
15
4
1
6
1
3
2
1
1
7
3
8
6
11
1
10
1
1
13
8
2
2
1
5
2
39
31
11
1
12
48
13
6
2
2
1
6
45
23
10
2
22
26
33
25
21
43
1
5
17
4
3
2
6
3
1
1
7
11
20
42
52
11
11
18
3
1
4
1
33
24
22
2
2
8
21
14
7
20
22
10
6
55
14
2
2
3
4
26
52
1
1
2
1
/
5
2
1
1
2
4
16
47
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
15
2
8
8
11
3
2
5
11
1
1
i
-------:------- |— - ...........
10
29
5
41
33
1
11
3
2
122
233
353
348
193
77
51
29
17
3
4
32
78
3
52
73
2
20
4
17
5
3
5
3
28
11
1
2
218
50
23
255
18
5
73
7
32
3
4
2
1
1
1
23
4
1
1
1
1
4
GENERAL
Illinois................. ..........................
Indiana______________ _______ _
Iow a __________________________
Kansas________________________
Louisiana_____________________
Maine .........................................
Maryland_____________________
Massachusetts..... .............. ..........
M ichigan. ................................ .
M innesota.....................................
M issouri_______ _______________
N ew Hampshire_______________
N ew Jersey....................................
New Y o r k .................................. .
O hio_____ _____________________
Oregon............................................
Pennsylvania................................
Rhode Island. ............ ................
Tennessee...................... ...............
Texas..............................................
Washington...................... ............
W isconsin....... ..............................
M A C H IN E S H O P S
2
14
18
2
31
14
9
3
6
2
3
5
9
24
5
15
4
26
22
72
22
146
324
7
860
325
89
40
76
2
22
41
241
504
68
134
16
480
976
1, 718
$29. 35
37. 96
33.66
32. 00
33. 34
26. 78
27.12
17. 32
26. 03
23. 08
23. 72
29.33
28. 54
30.35
28. 23
28. 32
28. 83
35.23
33. 29
30.13
2
5
3
1
2
2
3
1
1
9
3
3
7
7
25
13
2
2
5
1
2
10
1
2
1
3
3
3
1
2
3
9
1
10
5
3
16
1
2
5
2
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
2
24
1
6
11
10
1
1
15
24
1
8
6
24
81
6
6
3
34
14
70
73
107
26
9
151
114
1
12
2
1
22
3
17
8
8
7
15
50
67
14
30
65
138
19
29
29
64
179
98
183
552
1
8
1
2
2
2
3
2
7
1
60
140
19
37
94
7
24
22
335
482
204
270
6
6
116
21
9
3
1
I
7
6
11
35
32
29
i
i
1
------ j-------
!
2
2
i
i
5
1
1
49
83
61
1
1
16
12
9
8
6
4
8
4
5
2
1
2
1
/
TABLES
Assemblers, male:
A labam a............................. ...........
C aliforn ia.....................................
Connecticut...................... ............
Georgia______ _________________
Illinois............... ........... ...............
Indiana___ _____ ______________
Io w a .___________ ______________
Kansas_____ ___________________
K entucky_________________ . . .
Louisiana_____________________
Maine
........................ ..............
M a ry lan d .....................................
Massachusetts. _ _____________
Michigan. ___________________
M inn esota....................................
Missouri......... ......................... . . .
N ew H a m p s h ire ................ .......
N ew Jersey_________________ __
N ew York_____________________
Ohio...... .................................... .
Average and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
110
T able E .—
MACHINE SHOPS—-Continued
Estab
lish
ments
Em-
31.26
12
31.92
38.38
32. 61
13. 09
34. 26
30. 32
22. 21
27. 40
25. 69
21.36
31.80
31.44
32. 83
27.41
37. 01
30. 21
34.64
30. 63
25. 08
30. 75
27. 78
22. 81
25. 75
35. 01
197
277
19
562
131
38
12
29
63
1,100
489
12
64
72
378
922
856
8
952
114
20
15
17
24
286
70
4
37
2
102
14
240
24
9
3
7
115
2
135
4
1,054 2,013 2,047 1,379
4
113
533
60
1
36
144
47
14
333
83
332
132
188
107
5
74
315
4
28
73
179
141
106
38
174
72
101
2
1
138
24
5
25
75
54
1
6
20
6
18
3
'55
46
126
114
164
213
162
15
189
57
1
2
2
11
250
2
249
24
1
1
7
1
1
6
1
22
16
1
230
112
43
21
1
20
21
1
2
SHOPS
8,019
217
31
MACHINE
T o t a l................................. .
Fitters and bench hands, male:
Alabama........... ...................
California__________ _____ _
Connecticut....... ..... ............ .
Georgia...................................
Illinois.................................. .
Indiana........................ ..........
Iowa...... ................................ .
Kansas........................... ........
K en tu ck y .......... ..................
M aine.....................................
Massachusetts................. .
M ichigan.............................. .
Minnesota........................... .
Missouri______ _____ _____
New Hampshire...................
New Jersey............................
New Y ork ............................ .
O h io ................. ............. —
Oregon.. ............................... .
Pennsylvania........................
Rhode Island....................... .
Tennessee............................. .
Texas................................. .
Washington...........................
$31.74
31.25
27. 76
24.14
26.83
37. 44
31.62 |
and
un and
der over
$90
AND
30
1,187
143
30
67
34
437
$75 $80
$25
$15
$20
$30
$35
$5
$10
$40
$45
$50
$55
170
$60
Un and
and and and and and and and an d and and and and and and and
der under under
un
un
under under under under under under under under under under under under
der der
$5
$25
$35
$15
$20
$45
$10
$30
$40
$65
$70
$75
$50
$55
$60
$85
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Assemblers, male— Continued.
Oregon____________________
Pennsylvania_____________
Rhode Island____________ _
Tennessee..............................
T e x a s ....................................
Washington.................... ......
Wisconsin.................. ............
Number of employees whose earnings per week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
WAGES
Number of—
Wisconsin..
293
Total 2. . .
6, 661
Boring-mill hands and operators,
male:
A labam a.. ........... ......................
California-........ ..........................
Connecticut.................................
Georgia........ ................................
Illinois.........................................
Indiana.........................................
Iowa_..............................._______
5
2
i
2
3
10
110
84
15
52
4
2
6
13
12
1
7
1
1
15
163
2,208
35. 71
2
26
115
155
20. 63
30. 94
30. 34
17. 27
31.92
26. 65
26.92
22. 97
19.85
19. 95
24. 32
25.16
30.03
21
5
37
51
349
2
2
5
22
50
13
.....
5
24
1
5
____
5
2 Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
10
85
~29~
"32"
3
"" 2"
1
10
11
1
6
2
14 |
45
17
3
14
33
18
16
62
’ 24"
4
58
16
2
1
69
5
3
3
29
35
1
1
1
133
20
34
58
120
22
" l 2’
" ’ 12"
3
15
24
" 12"
140
70
7
1
66
6
2
1
13
29
1
36
41
27
45
73
132
44 i 53
23
17
7
6
4
4
199 ’
25
2
.....
11
2
15
103
20
10
12
4
15
1
54
1
14
513
1
3
1
1
10
2
26
2
10
19
33
3
1
3
18
17
5
150
38 !
24 !
1
18
27
~174~
14
8
1
1
46
1
18
111
354
7
5
18
19
TABLES
334
33
6
45
9
5
4
1
119
208
514
12
2
1
1
1
15
25
5
4
733
168
78
15
2
1
10
15
6
18
17
3
34
14
7
12
1, 824
GENERAL
Drill-press hands and operators,
male:
A la b a m a .....................................
California. ____________________
Connecticut................................
Georgia. ....................................... .
Illinois............. ..........................
Indiana..........................................
Iow a............................... ..............
Kansas...........................................
K entucky................................... .
Louisiana_____________________
M aine_______________________
M aryland............................. ........
Massachusetts..............................
2|
93
14
63
109
7
253
30
19
Kentucky.............
Louisiana. ...........
M aine___________
M aryland_______
Massachusetts__
M ichigan_______
M innesota______
Missouri________
New Hampshire .
New Jersey_____
New Y ork............
O hio______ ______
Oregon__________
Pennsylvania___
Rhode Island___
Tennessee_______
Texas....................
Washington_____
Wisconsin.............
Total .
31.58
able
E .— Average and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— C on tin ued
112
T
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
8
12
11
24
2
2
5
15
1
2
1
8
1
5
19
76
24
433
4, 759
28.71
47
34. 87
30. 97
21. 93
35. 77
32. 51
28. 50
36. 14
19. 34
28. 07
34. 66
31. 82
30. 50
33. 03
26. 21
31.06
6
43
12
4
6
10
15
2
24
11
5
2
3
2
2
34
21
2
10
3
122
5
412
93
38
3
4
8
17
185
173
14
27
13
3
20
1
34
5
3
7
3
1
1
1
1
*
2
1
1
3
1
1
6
7
50
90
1
62
136
328
J
1
2
4
1
2
1
2
8
3
2
2
1
1
5
19
4
1
6
10
14
l
3
3
57
139
209
5
4
12
3
:
4 i
1 !
33
48
145
5
146
32
57
4
20
6
198
30
4
13
63
2
1
2
94
7
25
1
6
40
125
194
3
124
23
3
24
5
46
8
2
5
3
7
o
4
2 1
3 1
5
1
_
6
3
20
10
36
47 :
69 1
25
70
3
31
3
2
2
1
1
7
34
12
7
4
2
902 1,261 1,066
622
252
60
28
10
11
9
19
10
5
4
4
78
26
7
11
9
33
50
92
21
13
1
1
1
24
25
1
7
1
5
2
46
34
3
8
1
20
8
1
1
2
2
53
34
5
4
6
1
106
13
5
8
I
j
10 1
35 i
32 !
4
3
3 i
j
2 !
il |
19 !
1
1
3
1
1
1 1
1
1
i
!
1
!
1
7
i
1
5 1
2
1
4
!
1
-------- 1--------i..........
3
|
-1
1
;
j
|
1
3
4
i
ji
i
-
4
1
8
9
32
1
2
1
3
4
57
2
22
1
22
12
6
43
9
16
SH OPS
5
15
205
413
755
18
682
109
26
29
24
275
1
2
1
i
! .
l
1 ______
1 1
!
i_____ 1
l
1
1
MACHINE
22
$27. 29
32. 43
23. 81
32.68
31.09 i
' 29.85
27. 71
26. 73
27.13
25. 73
21. 05
23. 49
30. 46
29. 86
AND
Grinding-machine hands and oper
ators, male:
California.. .................................
Connecticut......... ..................... .
Georgia...........................................
Illinois________________________
Indiana____________ ____ ______
Iowa_____________ _____________
Kansas .
_______________
Kentucky
.... ...........................
M aine__
__ _____ __________
Maryland
............... ..............
Massachu setts........ .....................
Michigan
_________________
Minnesota _ _________________
Missouri _ _________________
New H am pshire.................. .......
327
35
89
!
!
I
|
$75 $80 1 $85 |
$5
$25
$65
$10
$15 i $20
$35
$40
$45
$30
$55
$60
$50
$70 and and
Un and
and $90
and
and 1 and
and and and
and
and and and | and
and
der under and
under under under under under under under under under under under under' under un un- u n and
$5
der
der
j
der over
$10
$15
$25
$45
$20
$35
$75
$30
$65
$55
$50
$40
$70
$60
$80 $85 $90
H O U R S — FOU N DR IE S
T o t a l................................... .......
29
5
17
7
28
23
79
N um ber of em ployees whose earnings per week were—
AND
Drill-press hands and operators,
male— Continued.
M ichigan...... ................................
Minnesota______________ ______
M issouri. . ............................
New Hampshire ........................
New Jersey. __ _______________
New Y o rk ____________________
O hio__________________________
Oregon __
__________________
Pennsylvania. ________ _______
Rhode Island____ _____________
Tennessee ........... ............ ...........
Texas.
_______ _______
W ash in g ton ___ _______________
Wisconsin_____________________
A ver
age
actual
earn
Estab E m
ings
lish
in 1
ments ployees week
WAGES
N um ber of—
1
'
1 ■ T "
N ew Jersey....................................
N ew Y ork...... ........................... .
O h io ... ............... ....................... .
Pennsylvania______ ___________
Rhode Island_____ ____________
Washington................................. .
W isconsin..... .......... ............ .........
15
15
61
31
9
T o t a l 4....................................... .
298
2,285
31.99
3
1
3
1
2
3
16
32
8
2
12
25
7
15
75
27
21
25
40
92
50
26
2
12
99
294
6
1
2
2
2
14
64
96
51
55
3
4
24
18
24
23
22
14
30
59
43
19
4
7
2
2
482
580
431
216
66
32
22
2
2
5
9
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
17
2
3
1
12
4
1
I
16
8
32
15
9
5
5
4
4
6
36
32
5
16
12
8
12
6
202
71
1,009
319
75
26
25
40
33
58
841
672
103
158
43
373
871
1, 225
21
1,182
121
1
:
,
i
!
i
|
|
|
1
i
14. 39
23.90
23. 84
11. 33
24.20
22.58
21. 72
17.60
17. 98
15. 38
18. 37
20. 63
22.31
23. 83
19. 36
19.35
23. 70
23. 75
22.16
22.04
20.90
21.52
21.57
14.60
16.67
19.91
23.35
14
T otal......................... ..................
459
8, 342
22.16
Lathe hands and operators, engine,
male:
Alabama........... ...................... .
California...... ................................
Connecticut....... ..........................
Georgia........................ .................
Illinois.................. ...................... .
In d ia n a ............................. ............
Iowa ............................................
Kansas________________________
16
19
4
33
22
33.12
38. .54
33. 73
30.35
36. 89
30. 93
31.54
33.17
2
10
7
7
219
232
17
865
183
48
40
3
7
6
2
20
7
2
2
1
1
1
3
11
6
5
9
6
1
1
1
8
8
16
13
3
8
38
25
20
1
1
1
13
1
3
33
31
7
7
5
6
6
6
10
3
16
14
11
21
25
4
5
96
5
11
2
6
1
21
13
14
6
20
25
158
79
30
66
1
65
62
16
5
3
3
306
41
9
73
16
5
35
10
7
4
8
8
11
25
465
238
36
61
24
161
465
513
1
12
38
48
1
1
10
3 !
5
2
2
20
7
3
3
1
8
2
3
24
169
4
73
24
10
3
1
476 1,766 3, 525 1,665
418
153
45 !
16
2
9
95
43
4
251
29
5
28
40
22
2
100
174
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
6
1
15
6
45
1
1
1
2
10
8
1
1
21
20
2
4
29
3
42
20
6
4
1
6
2
6
49
3
78
45
11
9
1
1
46
55
3
167
53
13
12
2
1
61
4
11
1
i
215
17
1
12
l
I
471
54
4
63
4
52
187
298
7
292
40
30
95
1
1
1
5
3
5
1
4
121
216
17
9
11
1
1
1
91
115
271
6
1
6
2
8
141
60
1
79
85
3
398
154
37
3
3
29
34
48
4
5
4 Including data for 5 establishments for which details are not shown.
29
13
27
13
9
12
3
21
2
224
10
4
4
TABLES
8
29
23
80
3
44
53
194
i
!
11
11
6
19
4
4
2
53
5
3
6
1
3
1
!
1
3 1
^ 00
6
21
81
157
38
351
11
1
GENERAL
Laborers, male:
A labam a._____ ________________
California. .......................... ...........
Connecticut___________________
G e o r g ia .................... ...................
Illinois .......................... ..... ..........
Indiana________ _______________
I o w a .............................................
Kansas...........................................
Ke-ntucky............. .....................
Louisiana____ _________________
M aine.......... ................................
M aryland........... ..........................
Massachusetts ..............................
M ichigan......................................
M in n esota ..______ ____________
M issouri.__ __________________
N ew H ampshire________ ______
New Jersey_______ ____________
New Y o r k __ __________________
O hio.......................... .....................
Oregon_________ _______________
Pennsylvania...............................
Rhode I s la n d ................. ............
Tennessee...................... .............
T e x a s ...........................................
Washington_______ ____________
Wisconsin......... ............. .............
2
14
84 | 29.82
185
33. 88
390
29. 54
32. 22
217
129
29. 94
8
37. 51
98
32. 90
4
1
i
2
1
1
4
1
I........
i
l
CO
and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
114
T a b l e E .— Average
MACHINE SHOPS—Continued
3
2
2
1
5, 964
21
2
16
4
1
4
7
1
34.80
22.54
34. 28
27. 95
30. 28
36. 92
17.50
29. 55
25.90
45
4
3
3
5
13
8
5
15
44
22
110
13
34
3
69
26
9
3
1
27
9
1
2
1
7
64
188
1
2
1
1
1
2
6
10
3
10
11
18
76
33
9
19
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
2
15
10
1
1
12
2
1
13
15
3
28
3
207
63
15
28
13
35
46
163
1
12
1
3
4
1
1
3
80
51
7
56
1
14
209
83
15
29
23
73
169
293
13
163
40
15
9
7
67
10
69
85
192
6
25
22
5
13
4
26
29
81
3
3
2
9
3
2
1
1
10
22
1
3
28
13
14
15
6
1
86
33
1
2
1
34
25
7
567 1,061 1, 587 1,317
631
254
117
6
1
20
10
18
4
38
1
33
31
15
13
4
5
3
63
16
14
92
97
69
4
33
8
10
1
2
2
1
1
1
5
6
3
10
47
17
5
1
14
1
22
8
6
10
2
1
2
1
10
5
1
6
8
5
1
1
56 |
27
19
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
!
i
23
18
4
7
1
9
11
52
180
7
4
30
25
59
123
45
1
1
2
1
1
6
1
SHOPS
432
80
38
5
42
1
2
6
3
40
266
6
1
1
1
4
66
91
1
MACHINE
$26/
32.
26.
25.
30.
$75 $80 $85
and and and $90
un un un and
der der der over
$80 $85 $90
AND
T otal.
Lathe hands and operators, turret,
male:
California......................... ...........
Connecticut.................................
Georgia.........................................
Illinois_____ __________________
Indiana........................................
Iow a............. —-----------------------Kansas............. ........................ —
K entucky.....................................
Louisiana____________________
M aine...........................................
46
19
56
31
648
278
53
159
54
252
438
1,014
26
727
125
40
$45
$5
$15
$25
$30
$35
$55
$20
$40
$50
$65
$10
$60
$70
Un and and
and and and and and and and and
and and and and
der
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under
under under under under under
under
$5
$35
$45
$55
$15
$25
$50
$65
$20
$30
$40
$60
$75
$10
$70
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Lathe hands and operators, engine,
male— Continued.
K en tu ck y.................................... .
L ou isia n a......................._............
M a ine....................... .......... ..........
M aryland............................. ........
Massachusetts________________
M ichigan..................... ................ .
M in n esota ............................ ......
M is sou ri..................................... .
New H ampshire..........................
New Jersey...................................
N ew Y o r k .....................................
O h io .......................................... .
Oregon.......................................... .
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island— ..........................
Tennessee. .................... ............. .
Texas_________ ________________
W ashington................................ .
W isconsin.....................................
E stab E m
lish
ments ployees
N um ber of employees whose earnings per week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
A ver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
WAGES
N um ber of—
M aryland........... .
Massachusetts. _.
M ichigan_______
M innesota..........
M issouri.............
N ew Hampshire.
N ew Jersey____
N ew Y o r k ..........
O h io.....................
Oregon.................
Pennsylvania. . .
Rhode I s la n d ...
Tennessee........... ,
Texas_____ _____
Washington........
W isconsin...........
Total *___........
41
137
343
3,167
31.51
5
24
13
12
45
239
198
67
356
147
40
28
24
58
41
186
410
234
27
123
117
185
150
278
27
296
168
79
73
61
137
36. 66
37. 26
39. 75
31. 73
38. 38
30. 95
32.04
35. 83
29. 73
34.50
30.14
32. 27
31. 25
36. 63
31. 47
34. 78
35. 73
33.18
36. 78
32. 30
37. 64
36. 35
28.15
35.10
35.17
32. 97
39. 49
395
3, 794
34. 68
7
25
20
60
3
40
11
3
4
8
28
12
8
5
5
5
4
7
27
25
6
13
8
31
19
56
6
31
13
8
9
7
10
21
1
3
1
8
1
1
1
1
2
1
12
1
1
5
5
4
1
4
21
2
3
17
30
2
26
46
4
17
5
12
41
54
22
2
2
1
98
9
1
2
68
89
3
75
70
7
4
27
41
41
59
2
8
102
147
12
1
1
122
6
131
6
4
1
51
49
2
7
4
2.9
38
82
2
117
3
14
72
9
11
4
2
2
I
6
15
5
5
21
12
35
5
1
5
3
3
1
2
1
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
!
I .
.
1 -------- !........ !------- 1.........i........
1
2
2
2
|
1-------
7
1
1
1
1
3
9
5
6
14
24
28
15
31
15
8
1
3
8
31
56
154
433
670
732
624
287
103
33
22
10
4
2
1
1
6
13
13
35
14
1
3
4
9
1
6
5
8
1
1
11
1
3
3
4
19
73
11
38
7
7
2
6
1
9
2
4
26
56
3
8
2
8
3
4
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
6
1
3
4
2
3
1
6
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
11
3
!
2
5
1
3
1
2
3 !
1
8
1
3
2
3
2
3
3
1
18 !
1
1
3
40
2Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
4
7
48
4
1
6
5
1
2
1
63
1
6
2
1
3
4
12
26
10
2
7
10
1
12
15
27
3
3
2
6
189
2
3
8
22
15
27
30
13
2
3
4
14
31
85
29
6
22
11
17
11
69
30
72
6
10
10
1
11
44
48
23
81
47
10
2
8
3
15
92
159
46
12
25
51
39
40
101
6
90
44
14
11
112
42
16
98
23
10
13
7
25
5
34
68
56
6
34
27
65
71
56
11
79
11
1
2
22
2
4
2
24
17
14
16
18
7
33
2
1
11
2
15
4
9
11
4
7
1
16
1
9
1
20
1
!
i
|
3
2
4
1
l
!
1
3
1 ;
4
2
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
11
2
4
i
1
!
1
1
■|
11
11
6
2
i
551 1,063 |l, 011
445
176
81
57
12
8
6
27
19
24 1
i
1
15
9
3
24
4
7
i
l
l
33
29
18
49
3
4
3
1
!
!
!
i
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
4
___!
TABLES
T otal. .............
6
11
11
254
383
9
40
23
134
230
448
9
569
33
GENERAL
Machinists, male:
Alabam a.. ..........
California______
C onnecticut.......
Georgia...............
Illinois_________
Indiana________
Iow a .____ ______
Kansas. __............
K entucky...........
Louisiana............
M a in e .................
M aryland______
Massachusetts - .
M ich ig a n ......... .
M innesota_____
M issouri_______
New Hampshire
New Jersey........
New Y o r k _____
O hio___________
Oregon_________
Pennsylvania. __
Rhode Island__
Tennessee______
Texas_____ _____
W ashington____
W isconsin______
11
29.17
31.85
31.45
28.12
26.17
33. 35
33.07
31.60
30.50
30.78
30.49
27. 96
26. 95
30.17
34. 54
32. 76
30
25
3
1
1
4
2 1
2
E .— Average and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 28 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
116
T a b le
M A C H IN E S H O P S —Continued
269
1, 671
24. 96
5
8
2
2
3
6
12
11
11
23
21
34
5
26
9
4
8
2
13
16
25 ,
22
11
6
35.13
38. 75
57
147
31. 73
375 , 36.87
3
10
5
3
12
1
3
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
3
5
3
13
1
2
16
2
10
3
13
3
8
13
8
7
6
20
3
12
10
2
6
1
11
22
4
21
20
1
1
1
62
16
13
7
3
28
44
7
38
4
13
2
7
4
1
2
1
1
8
2
22
6
7
22
1
6
5
29
33
23
10
13
26
83
3
70
50
3
38
1
37
8
32
49
71
4
40
8
9
17
6
20
8
8
3
t
1 ::::::::::::
5
1
5
5
188
76
30
21
598
447
1
4
24
2
1
1
4
32
43
20
1
2
12
35
72
2
22
33
95
l
i1
1
1
9
11
79
1
1
1
16
208
1
j
j
i
i
1
55
1
j
1
1
2
5
17
27
i
|
!
j
1
4
3
10
14
|
____ 1.........
1
1
54
3
1
!
73
8
6
1
2
10
1
11
6
3
20
2
2
1
19
2
4
37
1
5
4
2
11
2
1
1
3
3
!
1
i
1
1
2
........i
SHOPS
5
13
56
4
24
9
53
77
57
28
73
96
209
14
159
71
15
41
18
205
6
1
1
1
j $80 $85
j and and $90
I un- un and
i der der over
! $85 $90
MACHINE
14
94
162
•7
146
$16. 51
28.15
28. 77
13. 22
26. 71
22.60
20. 68
22. 67
16.28
17. 45
21.47
21.46
24. 86
23. 94
21.46
26. 82
25. 60
24. 68
26. 55
25.15
21.82
15.47
20. 28
27. 52
25.81
9
4
17
$75
and
un
der
$80
AND
T o t a l 1____________________ _
Milling-machine hands and opera
tors, male:
Alabama___ - - - - - ___—- ________
California ___________ _____
Connecticut_________________
Illinois............................................
3
20
$5
$65
$15
$35
$45
$55
$10
$25
$30
$60
$70
$20
$40
$50
Un and
and and and and and and
and and and and and and and
der under under
under under under under under under under under under under under under
$5
$15
$65
$10
$20 $25
$35
$45
$55
$70
$75
$50
$60
$30
$40
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Machinists’ and toolmakers’ help
ers, male:
Alabama______________________
California_____________________
Connecticut __________________
Georgia.... ............................... .
Illinois __________ ____________
Indiana_______________________
Iowa_............. ..................... ..........
Kansas _______________________
K en tu cky.. ___________________
Louisiana._____ _______________
Maine ........................................
M aryland ___________________
Massachusetts________________
M ichigan_____________________
M issouri. ____ ____ ___________
N ew Jersey___________________
N ew Y o rk ________ ____________
Ohio
...............................
Oregon
.... ................ ......
Pennsylvania.. _____ _______
Rhode Island__ _______________
Tennessee_________ ____________
Texas. ______________________
W ashington___________________
W isconsin_____________________
Estab E m
lish
ments ployees
N um ber of employees whose earnings per week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
A ver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
WAGES
N um ber of—
71
23
12
18
13
343
124
13
22
36
78
401
536
360
91
8
4
10
117
14
5
1
10
16
15
2, 872
11
12
3
25
7
3
3
3
16
7
7
5
17
11
43
3
29
10
3
4
4
8
44
96
9
149
17
4
5
6
57
11
15
7
77
140
191
7
204
57
7
11
17
95
48
43. 31
40. 72
40. 55
43.64
35.35
33. 69
44. 22
38.41
37. 22
41.81
38, 74
36.60
44. 46
47. 36
40.16
44. 29
39. 41
38. 89
37. 06
42.23
44.12
37.98
1, 228
1 Including data for 2 establishments for which details are not shown.
* Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
* Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
2
13
27
13
3
104
3
3
30
15
19
2
2
1
1
4
102
36
4
7
7
14
52
122
70
36
5
2
269
583
1
4
2
2
12
60
39
16
12
15
7
3
6
4
121
22
139
145
79
25
2
57
21
2
7
1
16
102
88
94
10
9
10
4
1
9
16
27
50
29
3
26
5
17
2
16
1
7
15
3
27
5
15
26
3
49
2
1
1
.....
"l4~
4
1
9
17
3
2
2
1
1
8
22
4
21
20
39
25
10
49
15
2
3
1
19
4
3
2
1
1
1
8
15
4
11
2
.....
1
11
1
1
4
17
2
9
3
11
33
65
3
2
1
11
12
15
12
15
11
2
6
10
20
1
*29~
3
4
1
3
16
4
” l9"
29
32
3
21
4
10
3
” 5"
3
2
1
1
42
181
63 I
TABLES
Total 2.................
1
2
Total 3____ ____
Pattern makers, male:
California........ .......
Connecticut______
Georgia..................
Illinois....................
Indiana__________
K entucky..............
Louisiana...... ........
M aryland________
Massachusetts___
M ichigan________
Missouri_________
New Hampshire. .
N ew Jersey............
N ew Y o rk _______
O hio______ ______
Oregon___________
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island____
Tennessee.............
Texas......................
W ashington..........
Wisconsin..............
15
7
2
GENERAL
Indiana__________
Io w a ......................
K entucky........... .
Louisiana...............
M aine.....................
Maryland________
Massachusetts___
M ichigan...............
M innesota_______
Missouri_________
New Hampshire. _
N ew Jersey______
New Y ork _______
O hio_____________
Pennsylvania____
Rhode Island____
Tennessee________
Texas. ....................
W ashington______
W isconsin________
E .—Average and classified actual earnings in one week of employees in 23 specified occupations, 1927, by sex and State— Continued
118
T a b le
MACHINE SHOPS— Continued
23
9
4
135
34
1
11
71
174
462
4
254
36
11
3
7
87
$37. 62
36 60
38. 57
16. 59
40. 44
30. 69
37.14
28. 53
29. 30
25. 78
27. 33
34. 01
32. 79
31 21
34. 02
26.88
37.40
37. 40
36. 42
34.56
38.44
29.42
30.13
31.15
36.90
35.04
339
1,818
36. 20
5
2
4
7
69
116
32. 43
31.30
30. 82
33. 96
1
1
2
6
10
6
6
4
3
13
2
g
177
46
9
48
31
12
5
10
5
23
21
68
3
42
3
3
4
3
9
18
12
12
6
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
6
2
1
3
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
7
6
13
3
6
2
1
2
3
9
1
6
2
9
35
2
16
1
11
8
3
4
5
47
11
5
7
2
8
14
66
12
13
27
22
4
39
1
12
1
1
2
4
2
4
17
26
7
27
26
6
4
5
2
3
4
1
2
11
2
2
4
2
3
50
15
3
5
6
14
62
111
2
I
2
2
2
1
38
22
1
1
18
7
11
6
5
3
19
52
13
41
22
10
7
5
4
53
9
35
38
21
4
5
2
3
33
26
7
16
23
5
13
13
6
20
41
117
260
443
395
228
150
65
1
2
1
3
4
6
3
3
1
10
1
2
3
7
13
1
1
15
19
24
24
1
23
37
99
2
2
2
3
17
28
1
1
7
4
1
1
1
23
47
7
2
3
3
13
5
1
. 7
1
3
7
1
1
2
13
1
1
2
5
13
1
3
1
1
1
5
4
2
1
1
4
SHOPS
Screw-machine hands and oper
ators, male:
Alabama
California
Connecticut
Illinois...... ......................................
6
41
148
MACHINE
T o t a l 2 ...................................
2
14
17
$75 $80 $85
and and and $90
un un un and
der der der over
$80 $85 $90
AND
Connecticut
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
K entucky
Maine
Maryland
Massac husetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
N ew Jersey -__ __________
N ew York
_ _
Ohio
__
Oregon
_____
Pennsylvania
_ .
__ ____
Rhode Island
Tennessee
Texas
W^ashin gton
Wisconsin
__ ____
1
$70
$65
$25
$30
$50
$55
$60
$10
$15
$20
$35
$45
$5
$40
Un and
and and and and and
and and and and ! and and and and
der under under under under under under under under
under
under
under
under
under
under
4$5
$75
$65
$70
$25
$30
$35
$55
$60
$15
$20
$40
$50
$10
$45
HOURS— FOUNDRIES
Planer hands and operators, male:
Estab E m
lish
ments ployees
Number of employees whose earnings per week were—
AND
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in 1
week
WAGES
N um ber of—
Indiana...............
Iowa_...................
K entucky.........
M aine..................
Massachusetts _.
M ichigan............
M issouri_______
N ew Hampshire
N ew Jersey........
N ew Y o r k _____
Ohio___________
Pennsylvania.. .
Rhode I s la n d ...
W isconsin....... .
6
8
4
115
68
7
7
30
170
432
287
62
104
Total s.............
Toolmakers, male:
Alabama.............
California______
C onnecticut.......
Georgia...............
Illinois.................
Indiana...............
Io w a ....................
Kansas................
K entucky. .........
M aine..................
M aryland______
Massachusetts. .
M ichigan______
M innesota........ .
M issouri_______
N ew Hampshire.
N ew Jersey____
N ew Y o r k ........ .
O hio...... ..............
Oregon.................
P en n sylva n ia...
Rhode Island. . _
Tennessee______
Texas__________
Washington........
Wisconsin...........
T o t a l2. ............
1
11
3
1
1
1
2
3
5
1
1
6
4
12
7
2
2
4
4
1
1
1
1
3
33
13
3
2
8
36
11
1
1
1
2
18
10
3
5
34
70
37
42
97
99
24
33
67
107
40
9
5
7
54
72
13
14
21
15
19
13
22
3
5
47
7
2
2
1
2
6
19
5
1
6
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
6
3
2
5
2
1
5
4
2
1
1
2
1
7
5
1
30.89
6
10
21
75
208
399
359
250
121
49
13
3
2
2
12
8
2
2
29
5
15
19
10
5
3
4
4
2
1
8
39
17
85
53
4
5
9
15
38
5
91
35
10
6
8
1
1
6
2
300
77
11
2
12
1
1
12
16
42
283
202
1
11
27
1
1
20
2
2
1
85
407
607
3
276
109
9
13
1
16. 63
2
1
3
1
13
1
2
3
10
4
34
1
11
2
2
4
24
4
18
126
6
5
2
25
108
42
5
10
3
26
69
161
6
5
14
1
1
1
8
1
11
6
1
1
23
3
71
31
3
4
1
3
4
3
17
12
14
40
75
311
1Including data for 1 establishment for which details are not shown.
1
2
20
1
1
33
56
115
2,863
1
1
3
1
21
2
1
1
1
12
76
44
3
4
5
25
149
125
102
1
8
1
2
29
52
9
7
19
109
79
1
41
19
3
1
1
32
4
5
36
48
1
14
2
4
9
1
1
1
10
3
3
1
1
47
25
4
5
712
817
529
229
62
1
2
3
3
3
23
5
4
3
48
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
21
23
11
1
3
1 Including data for 3 establishments for which details are not shown.
1
APPENDIX
DESCRIPTION OF FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOP
OCCUPATIONS
FOUNDRY
Chippers and rough grinders cut or chip projecting points from the castings,
using hammer and cold chisel or pneumatic chisel, or a rough-grinding machine.
Core makers make cores of sand and a liquid binder and possibly other sub
stances, using a mold or core box to shape the cores. Cores are used in molds
to make hollows in castings.
Crane operators operate power cranes used in moving molds, castings, ladles,
etc., about the foundry.
Cupola tenders attend the cupola in which pig iron, scrap, or steel is melted,
tap or open the cupola, and run the melted metal into ladles.
Laborers are common unskilled workers who carry cores, fill and empty ovens,
attend fires, cut core wire, etc., in core-making room; assist the craneman; assist
the cupola tender as stockers, chargers, firemen, and cleaners; assist the molder
in handling sand and flasks; move castings; knock off sprues or gates from cast
ings; clean castings by tumbling, or pickling; and do any other common un
skilled work.
Molders make the molds for castings and pour melted metal from ladles into
the molds. The molds are hollow impressions made in sand or loam by packing
such sand around patterns and cores. The molder then removes the pattern
and the sand retains its hollow shape without the support of the pattern. The
molds are made in boxes or flasks. Cores are placed in the molds by the molders
when hollow castings are to be made. Figures are shown in this report for three
classes of molders, namely:
Molders, hand, bench, work by hand making small-sized molds.
Molders, hand, floor, work by hand on the floor of the foundry making
larger-sized molds.
Molders, machine, use machines in making molds.
Molders’ helpers, floor, help the floor molders in making molds.
Pattern makers make the patterns which are models constructed of wood or
metal.
Rough carpenters make flasks for molds and do general rough repair work, or
assist pattern makers.
Sand blasters use a sand-blast apparatus to clean the sand and scale from the
surface of castings.
Other employees include all other skilled or semiskilled workers not properly
included in any occupation above.
MACHINE SHOP
Assemblers assemble or bring together the various small parts, pieces, or units
of which a machine or engine consists and fasten them together with nuts, bolts,
and screws, thereby forming larger units or a complete final unit. The dis
tinction between assemblers and fitters is that the assemblers do little or no
filing, scraping, or other fitting.
Blacksmiths are skilled workers who shape light or medium-sized forgings and
do general anvil work, using forge, anvil, and hammer.
Blacksmiths’ helpers are persons of some degree of skill who assist blacksmiths
and tool dressers in their work.
Machine hands and operators.— The word “ machine” here technically means
machine tool, which is any power-driven machine used in metal working. Hands
and operators as used in connection with a machine are persons (a) who set up
and operate that one particular machine, or (b) who operate that machine but
do not set it up. There are so many degrees of proficiency between these two
classes and they are so difficult of satisfactory separation that they are com
bined as machine hands and operators. These employees generally are not
120
APPENDIX
121
machinists as they do not do* the many kinds of work that can be done by a
machinist. As a rule they are trained in the use of only one machine. An
employee who worked on two or more machines during the pay period was
classed as a machinist, provided he was an all-round machinist; otherwise he
was classed as a machine hand and operator on the machine on which he worked
the greater time.
Separate figures are given for machine hands and operators on certain of the
more commonly used machines, namely, boring mill, drill press, grinding, lathe,
milling, planer, screw buffer, and polisher; also a group of sheet-metal workers
who operate punch presses, shears, and bending, flanging, and rolling machines.
The machine hands and operators on less frequently used machines, as gear
cutter, shaper, broacher, hobber, slotter, threader, automatic and special lathes,
etc., are put in one group designated as “ other precision machine hands and
operators.”
Crane operators. (See under Foundry.)
Fitters and bench hands.— Fitters do necessary chipping, filing, scraping, and
reaming of machine parts to make correct mechanical adjustments in connection
with fitting such parts together. Bench hands do similar work on parts to make
them of proper shape and measurement but do not put the parts together.
Laborers truck or carry material about the shop or yard; give unskilled assist
ance to other employees; load and unload furnaces; do sand blasting; load and
unload cars; sweep; rub machines; and do any other common unskilled work.
Machinists are persons who (a) repair or adjust one or more kinds of machines
used in a machine shop; (6) set one or more kinds of automatic or semiautomatic
machines without operating them; (c) set up and operate at least most of the
kinds of machines usually found in machine shops. Each of these three groups
may also do bench work or fitting. A man may have been qualified as an all
round machinist, but if he was actually employed as a machine hand during the
pay period taken he is so classified in this study. In highly specialized shops
few employees were found who could be properly classed as machinists. A man
who both set up and operated only one machine or a man who operated one or
even several machines but did not also set them up was classed as a machine
hand and operator.
Machinists7 and toolmakers1 helpers are persons of some degree of skill who
assist machinists and toolmakers in their work.
Packers and craters prepare and pack articles for shipment.
Pattern makers. (See under Foundry.)
Toolmakers are skilled men who make and repair tools, jigs, dies, and gauges.
Other skilled occupations.— This group includes all skilled workers not covered
in other occupations. They are all put in this one class because no one occu
pation includes a sufficient number to warrant a separate tabulation. Some of
the more important occupations in this group are in the forge shop and in the
heat-treating department, as follows:
Hammersmiths set up dies and operate drop, steam, or Bradley hammers in
the making of forgings, assisted by helpers who operate the furnace or forge and
assist on the operation of the hammer.
Straighteners straighten castings or forgings by machine or by hand with a
hammer.
Switchboard operators watch the temperature of the various furnaces in the
heat-treating department as recorded by the switchboard and signal the furnace
tender when temperature is too high or too low.
Furnace tenders regulate the temperature, open and close the furnace and
supervise the loading of the furnace by laborers (furnace tenders’ helpers and
packers) with parts to be treated. In plants having no switchboard operator
the furnace tender watches the switchboard.
Annealers, hardeners, and case hardeners operate small furnaces used in
annealing or hardening small parts.
Also included in this group are inspectors of stock or of work, layers-out,
markers, millwrights, pattern makers for machine work, sheet-metal workers,
welders, and other skilled workers not elsewhere provided for.
Other employees include such semiskilled persons as are not provided for
elsewhere.
LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
The following is a list of all bulletins of the Bureau of Labor Statistics pub
lished since July, 1912, except that in the case of bulletins giving the results
of periodic surveys of the bureau only the latest bulletin on any one subject
is here listed.
A complete list of the reports and bulletins issued prior to July, 1912, as
well as the bulletins published since that date, will be furnished on applica
tion. Bulletins marked thus (*) are out of print.
Conciliation and Arbitration (including strikes and lockouts).
*No. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater New York. [1913.]
*No. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade on its inquiry into industrial
agreements. [1913.]
N o. 139. Michigan copper district strike. [1914.]
N o. 144. Industrial court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City. [1914.]
N o. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of N ew York City.
[1914.]
N o. 191. Collective bargaining in the anthracite coal industry. [1916.]
•No. 198. Collective agreements in the men’s clothing industry. [1916.]
No. 233. Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada. [1918.]
N o. 255. Joint industrial councils in Great Britian. [1919.]
No. 283. History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to 1919.
No. 287. National War Labor Board: History of its formation, activities, etc. [1921.]
No. 303. Use of Federal power in settlement of railway labor disputes. [1922.]
No. 341. Trade agreement in the silk-ribbon industry of New York City. [1923.]
N o. 402. Collective bargaining b y actors. [1926.]
No. 468. Trade agreements, 1927.
Cooperation.
No. 313. Consumers’ cooperative societies in the United States in 1920.
No. 314. Cooperative credit societies in America and in foreign countries. [1922.]
No. 437. Cooperative movement in the United States in 1925 (other than agricultural).
Employment and Unemployment.
*No. 109. Statistics of unemployment and the work of employment offices in the United States.
[1913.]
No. 172. Unemployment in New York City, N. Y . [1915.]
*No. 183. Regularity of employment in the wom en’s ready-to-wear garment industries. [1915.]
*No. 195. Unemployment in the United States. [1916.]
N o. 196. Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference held at Minneapolis, M inn., January
19 and 20, 1916.
*No. 202. Proceedings of the conference of Employment Managers’ Association of Boston, Mass., held
M ay 10, 1916.
No. 206. The British system of labor exchanges. [1916.]
•No. 227. Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3,
1917.
No. 235. Employment system of the Lake Carriers’ Association. [1918.]
’N o. 241. Public employment offices in the United States. [1918.]
No. 247. Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, Rochester, N . Y ., M a y 9-11,1918.
N o. 310. Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of its extent and causes. [1922.]
No. 409. Unemployment in Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925.
Foreign Labor Laws.
*No. 142. Administration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries.
Housing.
*No. 158.
N o. 263.
No. 295.
No. 368.
No. 424.
No. 449.
No. 469.
[1914.]
Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries. [1914.]
Housing b y employers in the United States. [1920.]
Building operations in representative cities in 1920.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1921 to] 1923.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1924 and] 1925.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1925 and] 1926.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1926 and] 1927. (In press.)
in
Industrial Accidents and Hygiene.
*No. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tile works, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware factories.
[1912.]
N o. 120. Hygiene of the painters’ trade. [1913.]
•No. 127. Dangers to workers from dusts and fumes, and methods of protection. [1913.]
•No. 141. Lead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. [1914.]
*No. 157. Industrial accident statistics. [1915.]
•No. 165. Lead poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries. [1914.]
•No. 179. Industrial poisons used in the rubber industry. [1915.]
No. 188. Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead in the painting
of buildings. [1916.]
•No. 201. Report of committee on statistics and compensation insurance cost of the International
Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [1916.]
•No. 207. Causes of death b y occupation. [1917.]
•No. 209. Hygiene of the printing trades. [1917.]
•No. 219. Industrial poisons used or produced in the manufacture of explosives. [1917.]
No. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British munition factories. [1917.]
No. 230. Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British munition factories. [1917.]
•No. 231. Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). [1918.]
•No. 234. Safety movement in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1917.
No. 236. Effects of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. [1918.]
No. 249. Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British Health of M unition Workers
Committee. [1919.]
•No. 251. Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.]
No. 256. A ccidents and accident prevention in machine building. [1919.]
No. 267. Anthrax as an occupational disease. [1920.]
No. 276. Standardization of industrial accident statistics. [1920.]
No. 280. Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and dye intermediates. [1921.]
No. 291. Carbon-monoxide poisoning. [1921.]
No. 293. The problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry. [1922.]
N o. 298. Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry, 1910-1919.
No. 306. Occupational hazards and diagnostic signs: A guide to impairments to be looked for in
hazardous occupations.. [1922.]
N o. 339. Statistics of industrial accidents in the United States. [1923.]
N o. 392. Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [1925.]
N o. 405. Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of fireworks and in the preparation of phosphorus.
[1926.]
No. 425. Record of industrial accidents in the United States to 1925.
No. 426. Deaths from lead poisoning. [1927.]
No. 427. Health survey of the printing trades, 1922 to 1925.
No. 428. Proceedings of the Industrial Accident Prevention Conference, held at Washington, D . C .,
July 14-16, 1926.
Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions.
No. 237. Industrial unrest in Great Britain. [1917.]
No. 340. Chinese migrations, with special reference to labor conditions. [1923.]
No. 349. Industrial relations in the West Coast lumber industry. [1923.]
No. 361. Labor relations in the Fairmont (W . Ya.) bituminous-coal field. [1924.]
N o. 380. Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.]
No. 383. Works council movement in Germany. [1925.]
N o. 384. Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts, 1920-1924.
No. 399. Labor relations in the lace and lace-curtain industries ia the United States.
[1925.]
Labor Laws of the United States (including decisions of courts relating to labor).
N o. 211. Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.]
No. 229. Wage-payment legislation in the United States. [1917.]
No. 285. Minimum-wage laws of the United States: Construction and operation. [1921.]
N o. 321. Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. [1922.]
No. 322. Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. [1923.]
N o. 343. Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. [1923.]
N o. 370. Labor laws of the United States, with decisions of courts relating thereto. [1925.]
N o. 408. Laws relating to payment of wages. [1926.]
No. 434. Labor legislation of 1926.
N o. 444. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1926.
No. 470. Labor legislation of 1927. (In press.)
[n]
Proceedings of Annual Conventions of the Association of Governmental Labor Officials of the United
States and Canada.
•No. 266. Seventh, Seattle, Wash., July 12-15, 1920.
N o. 307. Eighth, New Orleans, La., M ay 2-6, 1921.
N o. 323. Ninth, Harrisburg, Pa., M ay 22-26, 1922.
N o. 352. Tenth, Richmond, Va., M ay 1-4, 1923.
No. 389. Eleventh, Chicago, 111., M ay 19-23, 1924.
No. 411. Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 13-15, 1925.
No. 429. Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio, June 7-10, 1926.
N o. 455. Fourteenth, Paterson, N. J., M ay 31 to June 3, 1927.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the International Association of Industrial Accident Boards and
Commissions.
N o. 210. Third, Columbus, Ohio, April 25-28, 1916.
N o. 248. Fourth, Boston, Mass., August 21-25, 1917.
No. 264. Fifth, Madison, W isM September 24-27, 1918.
•No. 273. Sixth, Toronto, Canada, September 23-26, 1919.
No. 281. Seventh, San Francisco, Calif., September 20-24, 1920.
N o. 304. Eighth, Chicago, 111., September 19-23, 1921.
No. 333. Ninth, Baltimore, M d., October 9-13, 1922.
N o. 359. Tenth, St. Paul, M inn., September 24-26,1923.
N o. 385. Eleventh, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 26-28,1924.
N o. 395. Index to proceedings, 1914-1924.
N o. 406. Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 17-20, 1925.
N o. 432. Thirteenth, Hartford, Conn., September 14-17, 1926.
N o. 456. Fourteenth, Atlanta, Ga., September 27-29, 1927.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the International Association of Public Employment Services.
N o. 192. First, Chicago, December 19 and 20, 1913; second, Indianapolis, September 24 and 25,1914;
third, Detroit, July 1 and 2, 1915.
No. 220. Fourth, Buffalo, N . Y ., July 20 and 21, 1916.
N o. 311. Ninth, Buffalo, N. Y ., September 7-9,1921.
N o. 337. Tenth, Washington, D . C., September 11-13, 1922.
No. 355. Eleventh, Toronto, Canada, September 4-7, 1923.
N o. 400. Twelfth, Chicago, 111., M ay 19-23, 1924.
N o. 414. Thirteenth, Rochester, N. Y ., September 15-17, 1925.
Productivity of Labor.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924].
No. 360. Tim e and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
N o. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry.
[1926.]
No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 441. Productivity of labor in the glass industry. [1927.]
Retail prices and Cost of Living.
*No. 121. Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer. [1913.]
*No. 130. Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer. [1913.]
•No. 164. Butter prices, from producer to consumer. [1914.]
N o. 170. Foreign food prices as affected b y the war. [1915.]
No. 357. Cost of living in the United States. [1924.]
No. 369. The use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustments. [1925.]
N o. 464. Retail prices, 1890 to 1927. (In press.)
Safety Codes.
•No. 331. Code of lighting: Factories, mills, and other work places.
N o. 336. Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries.
N o. 350. Specifications of laboratory tests for approval of electric headlighting devices for motor
vehicles.
N o. 351. Safety code for the construction, care, and use of ladders.
N o. 375. Safety code for laundry machinery and operations.
N o. 378. Safety code for woodworking plants.
N o. 382. Code of lighting school buildings.
N o. 410. Safety code for paper and pulp mills.
N o. 430. Safety code for power presses and foot and hand presses.
N o. 433. Safety codes for the prevention of dust explosions.
N o. 436. Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels.
N o. 447. Safety code for rubber mills and calenders.
N o. 451. Safety code for forging and hot-metal stamping.
N o. 463. Safety code for mechanical power-transmission apparatus—first revision.
109537°— 29------ 9
[h i]
Vocational and Workers’ Education.
•No. 159. Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915.1
•No. 162. Vocational education survey of Richmond, Va. [1915.]
N o. 199. Vocational education survey of Minneapolis, Minn. [1917.]
No. 271. Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States. [1920.[
No. 459. Apprenticeship in building construction. [1928.]
Wages and Hours of Labor.
•No. 146. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in the dress and
waist industry of New York City. [1914.]
•No. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry. [1914.]
N o. 161. Wages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913.
No. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913.
•No. 190. Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen and silk industries, 1907 to 1914.
N o. 204. Street-railway employment in the United States. [1917.]
No. 225. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915.
N o. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the United States, 1919.
N o. 297. Wages and hours of labor in the petroleum industry, 1920.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
N o. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the automobile-tire industry, 1923.
N o. 360. Tim e and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
No. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry, 1923.
No. 394. Wages and hours of labor in metalliferous mines, 1924.
No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry.
[1925.]
No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 413. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber industry in the United States, 1925.
No. 416. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bituminous coal mining, 1923 and 1924.
N o. 421. Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat-packing industry, 1925.
N o. 422. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine shops, 1925.
N o. 435. Wages and hours of labor in the men’s clothing industry, 1911 to 1926.
N o. 438. Wages and hours of labor in the motor-vehicle industry, 1925.
No. 442. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1926.
N o. 443. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1926.
No. 446. Wages and hours of labor in cotton-goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1926.
N o . 450. W ages and hours of labor in the boot and shoe in du stry, 1907 to 1926.
No. 452. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industries, 1907 to 1926.
No. 454. Hours and earnings in bituminous-coal mining, 1922, 1924, and 1926.
No. 457. Union scales of wages and hours of labor, M ay 15, 1927.
Welfare Work.
*No. 123. Employers’ welfare work. [1913.]
No. 222. Welfare work in British munitions factories. [1917.]
*No. 250. Welfare work for employees in industrial establishments in the United States. [1919.]
Wholesale Prices.
No. 284. Index numbers of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries. [1921.]
N o. 440. Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1926.
N o. 453. Revised index numbers of wholesale prices, 1923 to July, 1927.
Women and Children in Industry.
No. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the District of Columbia. [1913.]
•No. 117. Prohibition of night work of young persons. [1913.]
No. 118. Ten-hour maximum working-day for women and young persons. [1913.]
No. 119. Working hours of women in the pea canneries of Wisconsin. [1913.]
•No. 122. Employment of women in power laundries in Milwaukee. [1913.]
No. 160. Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of women in Indiana mercantile establishments and
garment factories. [1914.]
•No. 167. Minimum-wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries. [1915.]
•No. 175. Summary of the report on conditions of woman and child wage earners in the United States.
[1915.]
•No. 176. Effect of minimum-wage determinations in Oregon. [1915.]
•No. 180. The boot and shoe industry in Massachusetts as a vocation for women. [1915.]
•No. 182. Unemployment among women in department and other retail stores of Boston, Mass. [1916.1
N o. 193. Dressmaking as a trade for women in Massachusetts. [1916.]
N o. 215. Industrial experience of trade-school girls in Massachusetts. [1917.]
•No. 217. Effect of workmen’s compensation laws in diminishing the necessity of industrial em ploy
ment of women and children. [1918.]
N o. 223. Employment of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war. [1917.1
No. 253. Women in the lead industries. [1919.1
[IV ]
Workmen's Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto).
No. 101. Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany. [1912.]
•No. 102. British national insurance act, 1911.
N o. 103. Sickness and accident insurance law of Switzerland. [1912.]
No. 107. Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany. [1913.]
•No. 155. Compensation for accidents to employees of the United States. [1914.]
No. 212. Proceedings of the conference on social insurance called by the International Association
of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, Washington, D. C., December 5-9, 1916.
No. 243. W orkm en’s compensation legislation in the United States and foreign countries, 1917 and
1918.
N o. 301. Comparison of workmen’s compensation insurance and administration. [1922.]
N o. 312. National health insurance in Great Britain, 1911 to 1921.
No. 379. Comparison of workm en’s compensation laws of the United States as of January 1, 1925.
N o. 423. W orkm en’s compensation legislation of the United States and Canada as of July 1, 1926.
Miscellaneous Series.
^No. 174. Subject index of the publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to M ay 1,
1915.
No. 208. Profit sharing in the United States. [1916.]
No. 242. Food situation in central Europe, 1917.
No. 254. International labor legislation and the society of nations. [1919.]
No. 268. Historical survey of international action affecting labor. [1920.]
No. 282. Mutual relief associations among Government employees in Washington, D . C. [1921.]
No. 299. Personnel research agencies: A guide to organized research in employment management,
industrial relations, training, and working conditions. [1921.]
N o. 319. The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization. [1922.]
No. 326. Methods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. [1923.]
No. 342. International Seamen’s Union of America: A study of its history and problems. [1923.]
No. 346. Humanity in government. [1923.]
No. 372. Convict labor in 1923.
No. 386. Cost of American almshouses. [1925.]
N o. 398. Growth of legal-aid work in the United States. [1926-1
No. 401. Family allowances in foreign countries. [1926.]
No. 420. Handbook of American trade-unions. [1926.]
No. 439. Handbook of labor statistics, 1924 to 1926.
No. 458. Health and recreation activities in industrial establishments, 1926.
No. 461 Labor organizations in Chile. [1928.]
N o. 462 Park recreation areas in the United States. [1928.]
No. 465. Activities of American trade-unions. [1928.]
N o. 466. Settlement for accidents to American seamen. [1928.]
N o. 467. Minim um wage legislation in various countries. [1928.]
N o. 468. Trade agreements 1927.
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