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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
W . N. DOAK, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner
BU LLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES }
B U R EA U OF LA B O R S T A T IS T IC S )
WAGES
AND
HOURS
OF
*
*
LABOR
#
Tkl
CO7
H O . OOI
SERIES
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
IN THE DYEING AND FINISHING
OF TEXTILES, 1930
JUNE, 1931
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1931
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington* D. C.
Price 10 cents
CONTENTS
Page
Average hours and earnings, 1930, by occupations--------------------------------------Average hours and earnings, 1930, by sex and State----------------------------------Classified earnings per hour__________________________________________________
Full-time hours per week and per day_______________________________________
Changes in hours and wage rates since January 1, 1929____________________
Overtime and work on Sunday and holidays________________________________
Bonus systems________________________________________________________________
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1923 to 1930_____________
Importance of the industry__________________________________________________
Scope and method____________________________________________________________
General tables_________________________________________________________________
T a b l e A.— Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per
week, average earnings per hour, and per cent of full
time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and State___
T a b l e B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 12 specified
occupations, 1930, by sex and State____________________
T a b l e C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 12 speci
fied occupations, 1930, by sex and State_______________
h i
1
3
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
11
12
13
23
28
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
n o . 537
WASHINGTON
j u n e , 1931
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
This report is the result of a study by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of hours of labor and earnings of employees in the dyeing and finishing
of textiles in the United States in 1930.
The information used in compiling the report was collected by
agents of the bureau for 17,739 male and 3,743 female employees of
109 representative establishments in 8 States. The work of the estab
lishments included in the report consisted mostly in the dyeing and
finishing of cotton textiles. In some plants mixtures of rayon and silk
were dyed and finished.
The wage figures in the report are for the dyeing and finishing de
partment of 37 cotton mills that produce and finish cotton goods and
for 72 plants that do nothing but dye and finish textiles. Nearly
all of the data were taken from pay rolls for pay periods in March,
April, and May, 1930, and therefore represent conditions in the
industry as of those months.
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, 1930, BY OCCUPATIONS
Average full-time hours per week, average earnings per hour, and
average full-time earnings per week are shown in Table 1 for each of
45 selected occupations, and also a separate group of “ Other em
ployees” made up of employees in all other occupations in the indus
try, each too few in number of employees to warrant tabulation as an
occupation.
Full-time hours per week of males in the various occupations ranged
from 48.7 for die makers to 56.9 for pressmen, and of females from
48.0 for steamer tenders to 55.0 for mercerizers. The average for all
males and females combined, or the industry, was 50.9 hours per week.
Average earnings per hour of males in the various occupations
ranged from 27.4 cents for pressmen to $1,247 for machine engravers,
and of females ranged from 24.9 cents for dyeing-machine tenders to
43.8 cents for batchers. The average for all males and females
combined, or the industry, was 45.2 cents per hour.
Average full-time earnings per week of males in the various occupa
tions ranged from $15.59 for pressmen to $61.85 for printing-machine
tenders, and of females from $12.33 for dyeing-machine tenders to
$21.44 for truckers. The average for all males and females combined,
or the industry, was $23.01.
1
2
T
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
able
1.— Average hours and earnings in the dyeing and finishing of textiles in
1980, by occupations
Occupation
Sex
Ager tenders___________________________
Back tenders, printing............................... .. . d o ...........
Balers_________________ _______________ .. . d o ______
Batchers (cloth winders)_______________ . . . d o ..........
Female___
Bath mixers____ ____________ __________ Male_____
Calender tenders_______________________ .. . d o ...........
Color mixers___________________________ .. . d o ...........
Dift malrftrs . _r
_ ____
__ do______
Dryer tenders__________________________ .. . d o ______
Female___
Dyeing-machine tenders_______________ Male_____
Female___
"Rngravftrs, hand ......... ............................. Male_____
Engravers, machine____________________ __ do...........
Etchers________________________________ . . .d o ______
Floormen____________________________ . .. . d o ...........
Folders______________________ ______ . . . .. .d o ______
Female___
Inspectors.._________________ ______ ___ M a le .... . .
Female___
Jftfilrmftn, printing
_ _
M ale_____
Kettlemen, color mixing............ ................ .. . d o ...........
Kettlemen’s helpers_______ ____ _______ . . .d o ...........
. . . d o ...........
Trier baiters
Knotters........................................................ Female___
Mangle tenders.......................................... . M ale_____
Female___
Measurers..................................................... Male.........
Female___
Mercerizers................................................... Male.........
Female___
Openers____________________________ . . . M ale.........
do______
Packers__ ___________________________
_
Female___
Pilers........ ........................................... ........ Male....... .
Plaiters......................................................... . . . d o ______
Female___
Polishers, metal________________________ Male_____
Pressmen______________________________ __ do______
Printing-machine tenders.......................... .. . d o ...........
Roller turners__________________________ .. . d o ______
Scutcher tenders_______________________ __ do______
Sewers__________ - _____________________ . . . d o ...........
Female___
Singers________________________________ Male_____
Soaper tenders............................................ __ do______
Soap mixers.................................................. .. . d o ______ *
Sprinkler tenders............ .......................... . __ do______
Steamer tenders____________________ __
do...........
Female___
Swing tenders_______________________
Male
Female___
Tenter-frame tenders_________ ____ ____ Male.........
Female___
Truckers__________________ ____ ______
Male_____
Female___
T u b washers___________________________ Male_____
Washer tenders........ ................................... __ do______
Yarn winders_______________ __________ __ do______
Female___
Other employees........................................ . Male.........
Female___
All employees_________ .........____
All employeas, male and female
Male_____
Female___
Number
Average
Average Average
of estab Num ber full-time earnings full-time
of em
lish
hours
ployees per week per hour earnings
ments
per week
23
26
36
41
4
27
72
58
9
82
3
96
1
8
14
6
23
57
29
46
28
19
26
10
54
15
57
3
11
16
35
1
43
74
11
19
35
2
14
5
28
10
14
39
56
47
27
14
21
15
1
36
3
69
14
56
1
20
60
9
13
109
73
114
374
85
300
34
51
537
224
27
804
47
1,618
6
27
37
9
133
456
247
345
269
70
58
80
154
88
407
11
46
80
118
1
152
342
37
181
259
< 9
47
8
313
18
40
149
504
118
192
34
68
126
3
218
26
925
122
800
1
55
931
68
385
6,621
1,873
51.4
51.3
51.7
49.9
48.3
50.1
51.4
52.1
48.7
51.2
48.5
50.6
49.5
49.1
49.4
50.3
52.3
51.3
49.4
50.1
51.8
51.2
51.8
49.9
53.0
51.0
51.2
50.4
50.8
50.5
52.7
55.0
49.6
51.8
50.4
49.4
51.1
50.3
50.9
56.9
51.5
50.5
50.6
51.2
51.4
50.7
51.2
51.1
51.4
48.8
48.0
50.6
49.2
51.0
50.4
50.6
54.0
52.9
51.3
56.2
51.9
51.0
50.1
$0,435
.466
.362
.443
.438
.473
.431
.489
1,240
.435
.299
.465
.249
1.235
1.247
.938
.466
.587
.368
.459
.295
.483
.485
.475
.433
.298
.424
.310
.457
.423
.434
.387
.487
.423
.313
.337
.374
.281
.490
.274
1.201
.570
.409
.389
.312
.415
.410
.429
.379
.438
.340
.373
.310
.435
.353
.405
.397
.404
.447
.290
.350
- .475
.336
$22.36
23.91
18.72
22.11
21.16
23.70
22.15
25.48
60.39
22.27
14.50
23.53
12.33
60.64
61.60
47.18
24.37
30.11
18.18
23.00
15.28
24.73
25.12
23.70
22.95
15.20
21.71
15.62
23.22
21.36
22.87
21.29
24.16
21.91
15.78
16.65
19.11
14.13
24.94
15. 59
61.85
28.79
20.70
19.92
16.04
21.04
20.99
21.92
19.48
21.37
16.32
18.87
15.25
22.19
17.79
20.49
21.44
21.37
22.93
16.30
18.17
24.23
16.83
109
84
17,739
3,743
51.0
50.5
.473
.335
24 12
16.92
109
21,482
50.9
.452
23.01
3
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, 1930, BY SEX AND STATE
Table 2 shows by States average full-time hours per week, earnings
per hour, and full-time earnings per week in 1930 for males and females
separately and for both sexes combined.
Average full-time hours per week of males ranged in the various
States from 48.9 to 55.0; of females from 48.0 to 55.0; and of both sexes
combined from 48.8 to 55.0. The average for males in all States was
51.0 and for females was 50.5.
Average earnings per hour of males ranged in the various States
from 32.0 to 57.2 cents; of females from 22.3 to 38.6 cents; and of both
sexes combined from 31.0 to 55.4 cents. The average for males in all
States was 47.3 cents, and for females was 33.5 cents per hour.
Average full-time earnings per week of males ranged in the various
States from $17.60 to $30.60; of females from $12.27 to $20.61; and
of both sexes combined from $16.96 to $29.58. The average for males
in all States was $24 12, and for females $16.92.
T a b l e 2 . — Average hours and earnings m the dyeing and finishing of textiles in
1980, by sex and State
Sex and State
Number
of estab
lishments
Number
of em
ployees
Average
full-time
hours per
week
Average
earnings
per hour
Average
full-time
earnings
per week
MALES
Connecticut______________________________
Massachusetts___________________________
N ew Jersey______________________________
New Y ork_______________________________
North Carolina___________________________
Pennsylvania_________________________ _
_
Rhode Island_____________________________
South Carolina___________________________
5
9
16
9
43
12
10
5
724
4,064
5,503
1,303
1,784
923
2,568
870
53.5
48.9
49.8
48.9
55.0
53.3
52.5
55.0
$0.572
.433
.523
.520
.320
.546
.511
.332
$30.60
21.17
26.05
25.43
17.60
29.10
26.83
18.26
Total............. ..........................................
109
17,739
51.0
.473
24.12
C onnecticut............................... ............ ........ .
Massachusetts........................... .......... ..........
N ew Jersey_______________________________
N ew Y ork ______ ________________ ________
North Carolina___________________________
Pennsylvania____________________________
R hode Island_____________________________
South Carolina___________________________
5
8
16
9
20
11
10
5
85
813
1,077
218
863
230
359
98
53.4
48.0
48.6
48.5
54.0
51.7
52.5
55.0
.386
.313
.377
.343
.288
.352
.377
.223
20.61
15.02
18.32
16.64
15.55
18. 20
19.79
12.27
Total_______________________________
84
3,743
50.5
.335
16.92
Connecticut............................... .......................
M assachusetts........... ......................................
New Jersey____________________ __________
New Y ork______ ____________ ____________
North Carolina___________________________
Pennsylvania........... ................... .................. .
Rhode Isla n d .......................... .........................
South Carolina........ .................... ...................
5
9
16
9
43
12
10
5
809
4,877
6,580
1,521
2,647
1,153
2,927
968
53.4
48.8
49.6
48.8
54.7
53.0
52.5
55.0
.554
.417
.502
.497
.310
.512
.497
.321
29.58
20.35
24.90
24.25
16.96
27.14
26.09
17.66
T otal........................................................
109
21,482
50.9
.452
23.01
FEMALES
MALES AND FEMALES
4
Wa g e s a n d h o u r s o f l a b o &
CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR
Table 3 shows for the wage earners included in the study of the
industry in 1930 the number and the per cent of each sex and of both
sexes combined in each classified group of average earnings per hour.
Earnings per hour of males ranged by classified groups from “ 10
and under 12 cents” to “ $2 and under $2.10,” and each of the 2,836,
or 16 per cent of the 17,739 males covered in the study, in 1930 earned
an average that was within the group of “ 50 and under 55 cents”
per hour. The 17,739 males earned an average of 47.3 cents per hour.
Earnings per hour of females ranged by classified groups from “ 14
and under 15 cents” to “ 80 and under 85 cents,” and each of the 439,
or 12 per cent of the 3,743 females included in the study, earned an
average that fell within the classified group of “ 35 and under 37%
cents ” per hour. The average for all females was 33.5 cents per hour.
T a b le 3 .— Number and per cent earning each classified amount per hour, 1980,
by sex
Number
Per cent
Classified earnings
Males
Females
10 and under 12 cents________
1
15 and under 16 cents............. 16 and under 17 c e n ts _____
17 and under 18 cents............. .
18 and under 19 cents...............
19 and under 20 cents................
20 and under 21 cents------------21 and under 22 cents............ __
22 and under 23 cents........... _.
23 and under 24 cents...............
24 and under 25 cents...............
25 and under 27^ ce n ts ...........
27H and under 30 cents............
30 and under 32H cents...........
32H and under 35 cents............
35 and under 3714 cents............
37 and under 40 cents............
40 and under 42 H cents............
4 2 and under 45 cents______
45 and under 47H cents.............
4714 and under 50 cents............
50 and under 55 cents................
55 and under 60 cents................
60 and under 65 cents.................
65 and under 70 cents........ .......
70 and under 75 cents................
75 and under 80 cents................
80 and under 85 cents................
85 and under 90 cents________
90 and under 95 cents________
95 cents and under $1________
$1 and under $1.10. _________
$1.10 and under $1.20—. _____
$1.20 and under $1.30.................
$1.30 and under $1.40.................
$1.40 and under $1.50_________
$1.50 and under $1.60_________
$1.60 and under $1.70_________
$1.70 and under $1.80____ ____
$1.80 and under $1.90_________
$1.90 and under $2.00_________
$2 and under $2.10____________
2
T otal..................................
Average earnings per hour___
1Less than 1 per cent.
9
6
3
113
36
126
108
95
742
629
1,267
912
867
923
1,412
784
1,523
1,974
2,836
1,050
783
344
350
164
105
47
46
27
74
42
63
104
96
47
16
8
2
2
1
4
2
15
52
14
33
172
29
230
106
66
352
344
420
S21
439
292
220
157
140
91
123
66
38
8
5
3
1
Total
1
4
4
15
61
20
36
285
65
356
214
161
1,094
973
1,687
1,233
1,306
1,215
1,632
941
1,663
2,065
2,959
1,116
821
352
355
167
106
47
46
27
74
42
63
104
96
47
16
8
2
2
1
17,739
3,743
21,482
$0.473
$0,335
$0,452
Males
Females
0)
0)
0)
0)
(1
)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
1
1
1
4
4
7
5
5
5
8
4
9
11
16
6
4
2
2
1
1
0)
0)
0)
m
0)
Total
1
1
5
1
6
3
2
9
9
11
9
12
8
6
4
4
2
3
2
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
1
(*)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(')
100.0
100.0
(0
(i)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1
0)
2
1
1
5
5
8
6
6
6
8
4
8
10
14
5
4
2
2
1
0)
0)
(1)
0)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0)
(1)
0)
(l)
0)
(1
0)
0)
100.0
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK AND PER DAY
The full-time hours per week and per day, Monday to Thursday,
Friday, and Saturday, m Table 4, are the regular hours of operation
for day work and for night work in each of the dyeing and finishing
plants that were covered in the 1930 study of the industry.
T a b le 4 .— Number of establishments in each State with specified number of full
time hours per week and per day, 1930
Full-time hours per day
Number of establishments in •
Q
Full-time hours per
week
'O
*1 3
ft
1
a
31
§
E
DAY WORK
SH
9
m
4 2 M -.
45.......
47H ...
47H *-■
45 2....
29
m
8%
9
m
19%
2 8H
as n
* 9.9
9
9
9
10
19
29
19H
29
9H
9U
110H
2m
m
or*
9 fi
48..
48 3..
m i4
49H49%-
5 0 ...
5 0 » ....
49*4 K.
51 I ....
49H 2..
5 2
52H—
52H
54..
10
u
10
11
110
2 83/4
1 10
29
1 10
2 10
1 10H
29%
11
111
*9H
55........
55 K ..
48 2....
55 1...1
48«___
55 i.__.
54 2 ....
5694 i..
54 2....
60........
60 ! ... .
51H *-
m
9
9H
*9H
29
m
m
9
9H
19
28%
•8%
<9.9
9
9
9
10
19
29
19*4
29
9H
9H
non
2994
9H
9%
m
10
10
10
11
110
2 8%
UO
29
110
2 10
1 10H
29%
11
U1
*9 H
0
0
0
10
20
4%
4H
3
0
10
2 4*4
»4 H
<0
4H
4n
5
0
15
*4H
14 H
24 n
4U
5
10
20
4%
5\i
5
4
0
5
0
15
2 4H
15
23
15
84
15^
*5M
5
15
25
11
8
1
1
2
1
5
1
45
2
16
43
12
109
NIGHT WORK
45..
4 8 ...
50...
54...
55—
55L.
50 2..
6 0 ...
6 5 ...
7 2 ...
f
1
9
m
12
10
u
u
111
210
12
13
12
9
9%
0
10
10
11
111
2 10
12
13
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
»0
>0
0
0
12
38131°— 31-
2
1
8
1
12
4
1
32
Total1 Males.
2]
1
1
1
a 69 per cent of employees or all except printing department.
* Printing department or 31 per cent of employees.
6
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
Full-time hours per week for day work in the 109 plants covered in
the study, ranged from
in 1 plant to 60 in 5 plants, and for night
work in the 32 of the 109 plants that had both day and night work
ranged from 45 in 1 plant to 72 hours in 1 plant. In a majority of the
plants in which there was night work the force was less than for day
work and limited to certain departments.
The 5-day week, with no work on Saturday, was in effect in 15 of
the 109 plants in which there was day work, and the 5-night week,
with no work on Saturday, was in operation in 30 of the 32 plants;
the 4-night week, with no work on Friday and Saturday, in one;
and the 6-night week in one.
Hours for day work, Monday to Friday, ranged from 8}i to 11, and
for night work ranged from 9 to 13. On Saturday hours for day work
ranged from 3 to 5K, and for night work for the only plant with work
on that day were 12.
CHANGES
IN
HOURS AND WAGE
JANUARY 1, 1929
RATES
SINCE
Only 1 of the 109 plants reported a change in regular full-time hours
since January 1, 1929. In this plant hours were reduced from 11 per
day, Monday to Friday, and 5 Saturday, or 60 per week, to 10 per
day, Monday to Friday, and 5 Saturday, or 55 per week.
Only 4 of the 109 plants reported changes in wage rates since
January 1, 1929. The wage rates of all wage earners, except turners,
polishers, and helpers, in the engraving department in 1 plant, and of
engravers in 1 plant were increased 10 per cent The wage rates of
all wage earners in 1 plant were reduced 10 per cent, and in 1 plant,
while there was no change in wage rates, earnings were reduced
approximately 10 per cent by discontinuance of a production bonus
system.
OVERTIME AND WORK ON SUNDAY AND HOLIDAYS
Overtime is any time worked by an employee in excess of his
regular working hours per day or week, regardless of whether a
higher rate than the regular rate is paid therefor.
In answering inquiries concerning overtime, 71 of the 109 estab
lishments included in the study reported the same rate of pay per
hour for each hour of overtime and for each hour of work on Sunday
and holidays as for regular working hours, 4 reported no overtime
work, and 34 reported a higher rate for such work than for regular
working time.
Table 5 shows the employees of the 34 establishments who were
entitled to extra pay for overtime and for work on Sunday and
holidays and the number of times regular rate for such work.
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
T a b le
7
5 . — Pay for overtime and for work on Sunday and holidays, employees
entitled, and ratey 1930
Times regular rate
for—*
N um
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Employees entitled
Over
time
A ll.
.d o..
.d o..
.d o..
D ay workers..........................
Machinists and carpenters..
Maintenance employees___
Printers.
Printing-machine tenders..
Tim e w orkers.....................
.do....................................
.d o..
All except salaried employees.................................... ...................... ....................
Printers and apprentices, engravers and apprentices, die makers and ap
prentices, rollers, turners, and clampers______ ________________ _________
/T im e workers except folders and maintenance men.......................... ..............
\Folders and maintenance men...............................................................................
A ll................................................................................................................................
1H
m
1u
1H
1H
m
m
m
1H
1H
in
m
W ork on
Sunday
and
holidays
2
m
m
m
m
IK
1H
1H
m
2
m
1H
1H
m
m
m
lH
1H
nn
m
1H
lH
* On Saturday only.
BONUS SYSTEMS
Twenty-three of the 109 plants included in the study reported bonus
systems in operation in 1930. The basis of the bonus in each of these
mills, the wage earners entitled to bonus payments, and the amount
of and conditions necessary to get the bonus are shown in Table 6.
The bonus in 20 plants was based on 'production; in 2, on attendance;
and in 1, on length of service and attendance.
T a b l e 6 . — Bonus systems of 2$ establishments in 1930
N um
ber of Bonus based
estab
on—
lish
ments
Employees entitled
r
All piece workers___
Tim e hand workers..
Production..
Tim e machine workers—
____d o ____
Productive..
Amount or per cent of
earnings paid as bonus
60 per cent of time saved
at a guaranteed basic
rate.
5 per cent of hourly rate for
set standard or 20 per
cent of such rate for more
than set standard.
10 per cent of hourly rate
for set standard or 15 per
cent of such rate for more
than set standard.
The extra rate per unit in
excess of set standard va
ries with kind of work.
. . . . d o ...................................
Back gray, bleach, color,
dye, finishing, folding,
printing, sewing, shear,
single, soap, and white
dry departments.
. — d o........... Box shop, calender room, All time saved at regular
color room, dyehouse,
rate.
make-up room, print
room, tenter room, and
washhouse employees.
------d o........... Calender, dyeing, frame, The extra rate per units in
gray, mangle, and packexcess of set standard va
ries with kind of work.
ingd epartment em ploy
ees and 85 per cent of
finishing dep artm en t
employees
____d o ____
Necessary to get bonus
Complete number of pieces
in less than the set stand
ard of time.
Production equal to or in
excess of set standard.
D o.
Production in excess of set
standard.
D o.
Complete task or job in less
than set standard time.
Production in excess of set
standard.
8
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
T
able
6.— Bonus systems of 23 establishments in 1980— Continued
N am
ber of
estab Bonus based
on—
lish
ments
Production.,
Employees entitled
Amount or per cent of
earnings paid as bonus
Attendance.
Dyeing, finishing, fold The extra rate per units in
ing, and shipping de
excess of set standard va
partments.
ries with kind of work.
Examining, folding, gray ____d o....................................
room, marking, and
shipping departments.
Folding and marking de
.d o .
partments.
Folders...............................
Folding machine opera __ do..i"ii........ :__
tors and stringers.
D ouble and roll, dye, fast 50 per cent of time saved
color, folding, open
plus 20 per cent of time
stock, put-up, and
worked at regular rate.
starch departments.
Openers............................. . 14 cents extra for each 100
pieces in excess of 1,500
per day.
Sewers............................... . 8 cents extra for each 1,000
yards in excess of 31,350
yards per day.
Folders.............................. . 1H cents extra for each 100
yards in excess of 30,000
yards per day.
Hookers........... ................. . 2H cents extra for each 100
yards in excess of 30,000
yards per day.
Folders, knotters, and The extra rate per unit in
yarders.
excess of set standard va
ries with kind of work.
Folders, inspectors, sew ____d o....................................
ers, tackers, winders,
and yarders.
Hand folders...................... 8 cents extra for each 1,000
yards in excess of 25,000
yards per day.
Hookers............................. . 6 cents extra for each 1,000
yards in excess of 25,000
yards per day.
Stitchers............................. 4 cents extra for each 1,000
yards in excess of 25,000
yards per day.
'Measurers.......................... 10 cents extra for each 1,000
yards in excess of 25,000
yards per day.
Nearly all time workers.. 75 per cent of time saved
at regular rate.
A ll....................................... 5 per cent of earnings.........
___ d o ......... .
Printers............................. .
Service and
attendance.
All.......................................
. — d o..........
____d o ......... .
. . . . . d o ..........
. . . . . d o ..........
____d o ......... .
____d o ...........
........d o .........
........ d o ...........
........ d o ...........
— .d o ...........
____ d o ..........
60 cents per day..
$1 per week..........
$2 per week.
$3 per week.
Necessary to get bonus
Production in excess of set
standard.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Complete task or job in less
than set standard of time.
Complete more than 1,500
pieces in day.
Complete more than 31,350
yards in day.
F old more than
yards in day.
30,000
H ook more than
yards per day.
30,000
Complete more than set
standard in day.
Do.
Fold more than
yards per day.
25,000
H ook more than
yards in day.
25,000
Stitch more than 25,000
yards in day.
Measure more than 25,000
yards in day.
Complete task or job in less
than set standard of time.
W ork 13 weeks without loss
of any time.
W ork part of each day.
1 year’s service and no loss
of time in week.
3 years’ service and no loss
of time in week.
5 years’ service and no loss
of time in week.
INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND OF PAY ROLLS,
1923 TO 1930
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls in the dyeing and
finishing of textiles are presented in Table 7 for each month and year,
January, 1923, to December, 1930. The numbers were computed
from volume of employment and amount of the pay rolls for each of
the months and years, with the average for 1926 the base, or 100 per
cent, and are as published by the bureau in monthly reports on “ Trend
of Employment” in the United States.
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
9
During the period 1923 to 1930 monthly employment was highest
in April, 1923, with an index of 106.1 and lowest in July, 1930, with
an index of 84.2. Monthly pay rolls were highest in February, 1929,
with an index of 110 and lowest in July, 1930, with an index of 72.8.
Employment by years ranged from an index of 93 in 1930 to 102.1 in
1923, and pay rolls ranged from 87.9 in 1930 to an index of 102.8 in
1927.
T
able
7.— Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, January, 1928, to
December, 1980, by month and year
[Average for 1926=100]
Employment
Pay-roll totals
M onth
1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1923 1924 1925 11926 1927 1928 1929 1930
January................
February..............
M arch........ ..........
A pril......................
M a y......................
June.......................
July.......................
August..................
September______
October.................
N ovem ber............
December.............
!
105.9 92.3 102.0 103.6 100.3 102.0 102.0 99.3 101.3 91.2 105.9 104.5 101.5 100.6 104.2 95.5
104.6 97.7 104.0:103.6 101.5 103.3 104.7 100.4 101.8 98.0 107.8106.5 106.3 105.6 110.0 99.2
105.5 96.8 105.01103.8 102.1 102.2 105.2 99.8 103.7 94.2 110.0106.3 107.0 105.7 109.8 100.6
106.1 96.0 105.2101.8 102.2 99.8 104.3 98.0 104.5 93.0 105.4102.5 105.7 100.5 107.4 96.3
104.8 93.0 102.8 99.4 100.4 98.5 103.1 94.8 108.6 88.8 102.2 97.8 101.2 100.2 106.5 90.4
100.7 90.3 97.7 98.0 99.3 96.5 101.6 90.4 100.2 83.2 94.3 94.1 99.6 95.6 100.8 80.0
101.0 88.7 98.1 93.8 97.3 94.8 99.4 84.2 96.1 79.7 94.1; 89.0 94.9 91.6 96.1 72.8
95.1 86.4 97.2 96.2 98.6 95.5 98.0 86.6 §7.5 82.5 93.9 93.1 98.5 94.1 97.4 76.4
96.6 92.3 99.0 98.1 100.4 96.6 100.8 85.5 93.0 92.3 94.5 98.0 103.2 97.3 100.0 79.9
101.2 96.1 102.9 99.7 102.2 99.4 102.4 91.4 100.0 96.3 107.8102.7 106.2 104.0 103.5 86.9
101.0 98.0 103.4 100.9 103.2 101.9 100.8 92.8 98.3 96.6 105.4102.2 104.2 106.7 96.5 88.1
103.0 100.7 103.0 100.8 102.9 103.3 99.0 93.1 103.8105.9 106.3 102.8 105.3 109.7 94.4 88.1
t
Average___ 102.1 94.0 101.7 100.0 100.9 99.5 101.8 93.0 99.9 91.8 102.3100.0 102.8 101.0 102.2 87.9
i
IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY
Table 8 shows for the industry the number of establishments,
average number of wage earners, amount paid in wages, cost of
materials, value of products, and value added by manufacture in 1919,
1921, 1923, 1925, and 1927 for the United States as a whole, and in
1927 only for each of the 8 States for which 1930 data are presented
in this report. These figures are as reported by United States Cen
sus of Manufactures. Computations based on these figures were
made by the bureau to show the average per wage earner in each
year for each of the items in the table, and also the per cent that the
amount paid in wages was of the value added by manufacture.
By years average annual wages per wage earner ranged from $1,022
in 1919 to $1,242 in 1927. By States averages in 1927 ranged from
$872 to $1,382. Wages formed 38 per cent of value added by manu
facture in 1919, 43 per cent in 1921 and 1923, 45 per cent in 1925, and
47 per cent in 1927. In 1927 the per cent ranged by States from 30
to 50.
T a b l e 8 .— Number of establishments and wage earners, wages, cost of materials, value of products, and va/we added by manufacture in the
dyeing and finishing of textiles industry, 1919 to 1927
State and year
N um ber Average
o f estab num ber
lishments o f wage
earners
Wages
Cost of mate
rials, supplies,
fuel, and
power
Value of
products
Average
Value added
annual
b y manufac wages per
ture
wage earner
Cost of
materials
per wage
earner
Value of
products
per wage
earner
Value
Per cent
wages
added by
are of
manufac
value
ture per
wage earner added
$57,189,978
58,138,729
72,524,711
83,983,377
91,697,219
$174,742,815
141,198,956
199,156,387
220,678,181
210,680,900
$323,967,683
276,750,670
366,623,213
408,515,484
406,047,372
$149,224,868
135,551,714
167,466,826
187,837,303
195,366,472
$1,022
1,129
1,144
1,187
1,242
$3,121
2,741
3,141
3,119
2,853
$5,787
5,373
5,781
5,774
5,498
$2,665
2,632
2,641
2,655
2,645
38
43
43
45
47
1927
Connecticut________ _______________
Massachusetts_______ ______________
N ew Jersey........................................
N ew Y ork ............. ............ ...................
North Carolina............... .....................
Pennsylvania............. _............ ...........
R hode Island........................................
South Carolina____________________
Other States_______________________
20
68
170
174
16
145
62
7
81
2,551
13,826
19,470
7,535
2,545
8,902
9,590
1,302
8,130
3,255,786
16,229,352
26,904,610
9,532,290
2,228,412
11,497,742
11,521,344
1,134,973
9,392,710
4,812,350
51,434,428
38,234, 552
18,133,972
13,381,416
30,395,507
19,565,612
3,385,877
31,337,186
11,779,105
84,459,666
91,732,052
38,876,271
18,996,189
54,491,269
44,979,389
7,162,721
53,570,710
6,966,755
33,025,238
53,497,500
20,742,299
5,614,773
24,095,762
25,413,777
3,776,844
22,233,524
1,276
1,174
1,382
1,265
876
1,292
1,201
872
1,155
1,886
3,720
1,964
2,407
5,258
3,414
2,040
2,601
3,855
4,617
6,109
4,711
5,159
7,464
6,121
4,690
5,501
6,589
2,731
2,389
2,748
2,753
2,206
2,707
2,650
2,901
2,735
47
49
50
46
40
48
45
30
42
HOURS
55,985
51,510
63,414
70,749
73,851
A D
N
628
599
713
697
743
WAGES
U nited States:
1919_____ _______________________
1921................................................
1923...................................................
1925...................................................
1927...................................................
O
F
LABOR
°
11
DYJEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
SCOPE AND METHOD
This bulletin presents 1930 wage figures for 21,482 wage earners of
109 representative plants that were engaged primarily in dyeing and
finishing cotton goods in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey,
New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and South
Carolina. The work in some plants also included rayon and silk
mixtures. These States are the most important in the industry in
number of wage earners, and together, based on the 1927 Census of
Manufactures, represent 89 per cent of the total number in the
United States, and the number for which wage figures are shown is 29
per cent of the total in all States. Data for executives and office and
clerical workers were not used in compiling the report.
Data for each of the plants that have pay periods of more than one
week were so taken as to make it possible to present figures for one
week for wage earners in all plants.
Average full-time hours per week for the wage earners in each
occupation were computed by dividing the aggregate full-time hours
of all wage earners in the occupation by the number in the occupation.
The full-time hours of each wage earner were used in obtaining this
average, even though some may have worked more or less than full
time.
Average earnings per hour of wage earners in each occupation were
computed by dividing the combined earnings of all wage earners in
the occupation in one week by the total number of hours worked by
them during the week.
Average full-time earnings per week of wage earners in each occupa
tion were computed by multiplying the average earnings per hour by
the average full-time hours per week. This shows what the earnings
would have been had all wage earners in the occupation worked full
time, no more nor less, at the same average earnings per hour as in
the one week.
Table 9 shows by States the number of wage earners in the industry
in 1927 according to the United States Census of Manufactures, the
number of establishments from which the Bureau of Labor Statistics
obtained data in 1930, and the number of wage earners included in
the 1930 study.
T
9 .— Number of wage earners in dyeing and finishing textiles in 1927, and
number of establishments and wage earners for whom 1980 data are shownf by
States
able
State
Wage
earners re
ported b y
United
States cen
sus in 1927
Number of establish
ments and wage earn
ers for which data are
shown b y the Bureau
of Labor Statistics for
1930
Establish
ments
Connecticut____________________________________________________
M assachusetts__________________________________________________
New Jersey_____________________________________________________
New York______________________________________________________
North Carolina, _ _ __ _______
_ ___
Pennsylvania____ - ______________________________________________
Rhode Island___________________________ _______ ________________
South Carolina_________________ ________________________________
Other States...............................................................................................
V
T o t a l . ... ._____ ___________________________________________
Wage
earners
2,551
13,826
19,470
7,535
2,545
8,902
9,590
1,302
8,130
5
9
16
9
43
12
10
5
809
4,877
6,580
1,521
2,647
1,153
2,927
968
73,851
109
21,482
12
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
GENERAL TABLES
In addition to the preceding text tables, three general tables are
presented as follows:
T a b l e A.—Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1930, by occupa
tion, sex, and State.
The presentation in this table in parallel columns of “ average full
time hours per week” and “ average hours actually worked per week”
is for the purpose of easy comparison of the hours that would have
been worked in the week had all employees in the occupation worked
no more nor less than full time with the average hours that were
actually worked in the week. One shows the full-time hours under
normal conditions, while the other shows the hours actually worked
in the week by all employees in the occupation in each State and in all
States combined. On page 22, at the end of the table, it is seen that
the 17,739 males in the 109 mills worked on an average of 5.2 days
in one week; that their average full-time hours in one week were 51.0;
that they actually worked 50.7 hours in the week, or 99.4 per cent of
full time; that they earned an average of 47.3 cents per hour and
$23.99 in the week, and that had they worked full time at the same
average per hour as was earned in the 50.7 hours they would have
earned an average of $24.12 in the week. The 8,748 females in the
84 mills worked on an average of 5.0 days in one week. Their average
full-time hours per week were 50.5 and they worked an average of
42.4 hours in the week, or 84 per cent of full time. They earned an
average of 33.5 cents per hour and $14.20 in the week. Had they
worked their average full time of 50.5 hours per week at the same
average per hour as was earned in the 42.4 hours they would have
earned an average of $16.92. The 21,482 males and females in the
109 mills worked on an average of 5.2 days in one week. Their
average full-time hours per week were 50.9, and in the week they
worked an average of 49.3 hours, or 96.9 per cent of full time. They
earned an average of 45.2 cents per hour and $22.29 in the week.
Had they worked their average full-time hours of 50.9 per week at the
same average per hour as was earned in the 49.3 hours they would
have earned an average of $23.01 in the week.
T a b l e B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 12 specified
occupations, 1930, by sex and State.
T a b l e C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 12
specified occupations, 1930, by sex and State.
13
DYEING AND FINISHING OP TEXTILES, 1930
T
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hourt and per cent
of full time worked, 1980, by occupation, sex, and State
able
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Aver Aver Aver
Per
A ver age
age
N um N um
age
cent
age
age
full
hours of full
age
ber of
dayson full
earn time actual
actu
estab ber of which
time
time
ally
earn earn
em
ings
em
lish
hours
ings
ings
worked worked per
in
per
in
ments ployees ployees
in
in
hour
worked week
week
week
week
week
Ager tenders, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew York............................. .
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
2
5
6
2
2
1
4
1
3
42
28
7
3
0)
24
0)
6.3
5.3
5.7
5.7
5.3
0)
5.6
0)
54.0
50.4
48.8
48.6
55.0
0)
55.7
0)
74.2
63.3
58.4
56.9
50.0
0)
63.3
0)
137.4 $0.515 $27.81
.381 19.20
125.6
.522 25.47
119.7
117.1
.426 20.70
.239 13.15
90.9
0)
0)
0)
.457 25.45
113.6
(l)
0)
(*)
$38.19
24.11
30.47
24.23
11.97
0)
28.91
0)
Total........................................
23
114
5.5
51.4
61.3
119.3
.435
22.36
26.67
Back tenders, printing, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts........... ...............
N ew Jersey.................. .............
New York...................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania........... .................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
2
6
6
2
1
2
6
1
21
151
68
18
0)
22
81
0)
6.1
5.4
5.4
5.3
0)
4.9
5.6
0)
54.0
49.6
48.6
48.9
0)
55.8
54.5
0)
66.1
58.0
50.3
51.1
0)
56.7
59.6
(0
122.4
116.9
103.5
104.5
0)
101.6
109.4
0)
.586
.399
.538
.501
0)
.591
.482
0)
31.64
19.79
26.15
24.50
0)
32.98
26.27
0)
38.75
23.17
27.03
25.61
0)
33.53
28.70
0)
5.4
51.3
56.8
110.7
.466
23.91
26.44
Total........................................
26
374
Balers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
New Jersey.................................
N ew Y o r k ..._____ __________
North Carolina______________
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island........................... .
South Carolina..........................
1
6
3
2
13
6
4
1
0
19
4
3
29
10
14
0)
0)
5.1
6.0
3.3
5.1
5.3
4.7
0)
0)
49.1
50.6
46.2
54.1
52.2
50.1
(0
0)
42.9
52.0
29.0
47.4
48.4
41.4
0)
0)
87.4
102.8
62.8
87.6
92.7
82.6
0)
0)
.376
.471
.360
.267
.470
.451
0)
0)
18.46
23.83
16.63
14.44
24.53
22.60
0)
0)
16.13
24.48
10.43
12.66
22.75
18.69
0)
Total........................................
36
85
5.0
51.7
44.9
86.8
.362
18.72
16.24
Batchers (cloth winders), male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork___ ______ ________
North Carolina........... ..............
Pennsylvania........... .................
Rhode Island.............................
4
6
10
6
5
2
8
30
69
127
25
12
5
32
5.4
5.5
5.2
4.4
5.2
4.2
5.5
53.5
48.7
48.5
48.6
55.0
53.4
52.9
53.8
51.9
46.3
38.6
47.1
39.4
53.0
100.6
106.6
95.5
79.4
85.6
73.8
100.2
.517
.348
.490
.457
.290
.361
.465
27.66
16.95
23.77
22.21
15.95
19.28
24.60
27.80
18.04
22.67
17.65
13.68
14.24
24.64
Total........................................
41
300
5.3
49.9
48.3
96.8
.443
22.11
21.41
Batchers (cloth winders), female:
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Y ork..................................
2
2
24
10
5.0
4.2
48.0
48.9
40.6
34.8
84.6
71.2
.472
.343
22.66
16.77
19.15
11.93
34
4.8
48.3
38.9
80.5
.438
21.16
17.02
Total........................................
4
Bath mixers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey...............................
N ew Y ork............................... .
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island_____ __________
South Carolina..........................
1
1
7
8
5
1
3
1
28
9
5
0)
3
0)
5.0
5.4
5.0
<9
5.7
0)
0)
0)
48.8
48.7
55.0
0)
54.3
0)
0)
0)
49.6
51.4
48.5
0)
54.7
0)
0)
0)
101.6
105.5
88.2
0)
100.7
(!)
.524
.489
.283
0)
.452
0)
25.57
23.81
15.57
(0
24.54
0)
0)
0)
25.95
25.11
13.73
0)
24.69
0)
Total______________________
27
51
5.1
50.1
49.8
99.4
.473
23.70
23.55
’ Data included in total.
38131°—31----- 3
8
8
8 8
14
T
WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR
A * — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
o f full time worked, 1980, by occupation, sex, and /State—-Continued
able
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
N um N um
age
age
ber of ber of days on full
estab em •which
time
lish
em
hours
ployees
ments
ployees
per
worked week
Aver
Aver
Per
Aver
age
A ver age
cent
age
hours of full
full
age
actual
actu
earn time
time
ally
ings earn earn
ings
worked worked per
ings
inin
in
hour
per
week
week
week
week
Calender tenders, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork...................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island............. ...............
South Carolina..........................
3
8
15
9
16
7
10
4
35
105
108
61
39
19
123
47
4.6
5.6
5.3
4.7
5.3
5.0
5.2
5.7
53.5
48.9
49.6
48.9
54.5
53.3
53.0
55.0
44.4
55.2
47.3
42.6
50.4
53.4
51.5
60.3
83.0 $0.539 $28.84
112.9
.396 19.36
95.4
.462 22.92
87.1
.474 23.18
92.5
.323 17.60
100.2
.493 26.28
97.2
.472 25.02
109.6
.303 16.67
$23.91
21.88
21.84
20.17
16.28
26.33
24.33
18.26
Total........................................
72
537
5.2
51.4
50.7
98.6
.431
22.15
21.81
Color mixers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
New Jersey.... ............................
N ew Y ork...................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina. ........................
3
8
9
5
23
2
7
1
19
75
36
10
37
12
28
0)
5.8
5.3
5.7
5.0
5.1
5.4
5.8
0)
53.2
50.9
48.7
49.0
54.9
56.3
53.8
0
64.8
51.8
53.4
51.8
52.2
64.3
60.5
0)
121.8
101.8
109.7
105.7
95.1
114.2
112.5
0)
.675
.413
.634
.543
.377
.602
.457
0)
35.91
21.02
30.88
26.61
20.70
33.89
24.59
0
43.74
21.41
33.82
28.09
19.68
38.71
27.65
0
T otal........................................
58
224
5.4
52.1
55.3
106.1
.489
25.48
27.06
D ie makers, male:
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island.... .........................
South Carolina..........................
2
1
1
2
2
1
10
0
0)
2
5
0)
6.0
0)
0
5.0
6.0
0)
48.0
0)
0
51.4
49.2
0)
47.8
0
0)
48.5
57.8
0)
99.6
0
94.4
117.5
0
1.365
0)
0
1.082
1.590
0)
65.52
0
0
55.61
78.23
0)
65.23
0
0
52.48
91.87
0
Total........................................
9
27
5.0
48.7
43.7
89.7
1.240
60.39
54.25
D ryer tenders, male:
Connecticut..............................
Massachusetts...........................
New Jersey.................................
N ew York..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania_____ ____ _____
R hode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
5
7
15
8
23
10
10
4
33
158
317
66
45
48
110
27
5.1
5.2
5.1
4.3
4.6
5.0
5.5
5.6
53.2
48.4
51.6
48.5
55.1
53.0
52.2
55.0
53.3
51.7
51.4
40.5
45.3
51.3
56.9
66.8
100.2
106.8
99.6
83.5
82.2
96.8
109.0
121.5
.477
.375
.478
.425
.385
.456
.440
.293
25.38
18.15
24.66
20.61
21.21
24.17
22.97
16.12
25.46
19.38
24.59
17.22
17.42
23.41
25.02
19.58
T otal........................................
82
804
5.1
51.2
51.6
100.8
.435
22.27
22.42
D ryer tenders, female:
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork_____ _____________
2
1
32
0)
4.9
0
48.0
0
42.4
0
88.3
0)
.315
0
15.12
0
13.38
0
T otal........................................
3
47
4.9
48.5
43.8
90.3
.299
14.50
13.10
Dyeing-machine tenders, male:
Connecticut.......................... —
Massachusetts............................
N ew Jersey.................................
New Y ork ...................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
4
8
16
8
36
11
10
3
35
157
819
56
169
172
166
44
5.0
5.3
4.9
4.5
4.6
5.1
5.3
5.3
52.5
48.7
48.9
48.7
55.1
53.1
52.4
55.0
52.8
49.3
47.3
44.9
45.7
48.3
54.6
60.6
100.6
101.2
96.7
92.2
82.9
91.0
104.2
110.2
.505
.358
.506
.458
.298
.554
.491
.291
26.51
17.43
24.74
22.30
16.42
29.42
25.73
16.01
26.66
17.66
23.94
20.58
13.62
26.80
26.80
17.63
Total........................................
96
1,618
4.9
50.6
48.6
96.0
.465
23.53
22.62
Engravers, hand, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork ..................................
R hode Island.............................
1
3
2
1
1
0
(0
6.0
6.0
0
0
0)
48.7
48.0
(1
)
0
0
49.3
50.8
0
0
0)
101.2
105.8
0
0
0
1.245
1.140
0
0
0
60.63
54.72
0
0
0
61.30
57.85
0
0)
Total........................................
8
5.9
49.1
50.0
101.8
1. 235
60.64
61.70
i Data included in total.
10
10
0
0)
27
15
DYEING AND FINISHING OP TEXTILES, 1930
T a b l e A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1.930, by occupation, sex, and State— C o n t in u e d
Occupation, sei, and State
Aver
Aver A ver Aver
Per
age
A ver age
N um N um
age
age
cent
hours of full
age
full
ber of ber of days on full
actu
earn time
which
estab em
time
time
ally
lish ployees em
hours worked worked ings earn
per
ings
ployees
ments
per
in
in
hour
per
worked week
week
week
week
Engravers, machine, male:
Connecticut.. .
M assachusetts_______________
N ew Jersey__________________
N ew York___________________
North Carolina______________
Pennsylvania________________
R hode Island________________
1
4
2
1
I
1
4
0)
16
3
0
0
0)
12
(0
6.0
5.3
0)
0
0
5.6
0
48.4
48.7
0)
0
0
50.5
0
0
53.6
<l)
0
0
0
99.6 $1,344 $65.05
109.2
.637 31.02
0)
0
0
(!)
0
0)
0
0
0
106.1 1.356 68.48
37
5.8
49.4
50.7
102.6
0
6.0
0
0
0)
0
51.5
(l)
(l)
0
49.9
0)
0
0
S t.
0
0)
(1)
5.8
50.3
49.5
98.4
3
3
4
1
3
North
4
5
5.5
5.1
5.5
0)
Carolina5.5
20
4.9
62
5.5
54.1
48.5
49.3
0
55.0
53.4
53.4
56.3
48.7
49.6
0
53.5
50.4
58.3
.......
Total______________________
14
Etchers, male:
Connecticut_________________
M assachusetts_______________
N ew Jersey__________________
Pennsylvania_______________
South Carolina______________
1
2
1
1
1
Total______________________
6
Floormen, male:
Connecticut_________________
M assachusetts______________
New Jersey__________________
New Y ork___________________
______________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
0
0
0
9
11
15
17
0
48.2
53.2
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
0
$64.74
33.90
0)
0
0
72.61
1.247
61.60
63.18
0)
.853
0
0
0
43.93
(l)
0)
0
0
42.57
.938
47.18
46.45
104.1
100.4
100.6
(i)
97.3
94.4
109.2
.491
.427
.488
0
.322
.443
.474
26.56
20.71
24.06
0
17.71
23.66
25.31
27.63
20.77
24.19
0
17.22
22.34
27.66
0)
M
0
Total_____ ______ _____ ___
23
133
5.4
52.3
54.3
103.8
.466
24.37
25.31
Folders, male:
Connecticut_________________
Massachusetts_______________
N ew Jersey__________________
New Y o r k . _________________
North Carolina______________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
South Carolina______________
3
8
6
8
12
7
9
4
14
125
53
53
47
38
96
30
5.4
5.4
5.2
4.8
5.3
4.9
5.2
5.5
52.9
49.0
50.4
48. 5
54.8
52.8
52.3
55.0
52.4
46.4
46.0
38.9
48.8
47.4
48.3
56.4
99.1
94.7
91.3
80.2
89.1
89.8
92.4
102.5
.597
.550
.689
.699
.399
.495
.698
.472
31.58
26.95
34.73
33. 90
21. 87
26.14
36.51
25.96
31.29
25.52
31.72
27.19
19.50
23.50
33.71
26.61
Total______________________
57
456
5.2
51.3
47.1
91.8
.587
30.11
27.62
Folders, female:
M assachusetts_______________
New Jersey___ - _____________
New Y o r k ____________ _____
North Carolina________ ____ Pennsylvania_______________
Rhode Island— _____________
South Carolina______________
5
12
1
4
2
3
2
53
139
0
24
4
16
5
5.2
5.0
0
5.8
5.0
4.6
5.6
48.0
48.5
0)
55.0
53.0
51.4
55.0
42.9
40.7
0
51.4
43.7
39.3
51.7
89.4
83.9
0
93.5
82.5
76.5
94.0
.410
.379
0)
.247
.366
.325
.193
19.68
18.38
0
13.59
19.40
16.71
10.62
17.61
15.39
0
12.73
16.00
12.78
9.96
Total______________________
29
247
5.1
49.4
42.5
86.0
.368
18.18
15.62
Inspectors, male:
Connecticut_________________
M assachusetts___ ___________
N ew Jersey__________________
New Y ork ___________________
North Carolina______________
Pennsylvania________________
R hode Island________________
South Carolina____ ._________
2
6
7
7
8
7
7
2
12
79
165
12
32
13
25
7
5.8
5.5
5.0
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.2
4.7
54.2
48.1
49.3
48.8
55.0
52.3
51.1
55.0
57.1
49.7
43.6
47.7
50.5
47.8
49.5
52.6
105.4
103.3
88.4
97.7
91.8
91.4
96.9
95.6
.517
.364
.499
.498
.358
.569
.587
.346
28.02
17.51
24.60
24.30
19.69
29.76
30.00
19.03
29.48
18.10
21.75
23.74
18.06
27.19
29.06
18.21
46
345
5.2
50.1
47.0
93.8
.459
23.00
21.57
Total____________ _________
>Data included in total.
16
T
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1980, by occupation, sex, and State—-Continued
able
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
N um
age
age
ber of N um days on full
ber of which
estab em
time
lish
em
hours
per
ments ployees ployees
worked week
Inspectors, female:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
New Jersey......................... .......
N ew Y ork ..................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
1
5
4
1
11
2
4
T otal........................................
Aver
A ver
Per
A ver age Aver
age
cent
age
full
hours of full
age
actu
earn time actual
time
earn
ally
earn
ings
ings
worked worked per
ings
in
in
in
hour
per
week
week
week
week
0
128
6
11
0
5.3
4.8
0)
4.4
5.8
5.5
0
48.0
48.0
0
55.2
53.1
54.0
«
42.6
38.3
0
40.2
49.6
52.4
0
0
• (1)
88.8 $0.333 $15.98
79.8
.358 17.18
0
0
72.8
.235 12.97
93.4
.368 19.54
97.0
.328 17.71
28
269
4.8
51.8
41.2
79.5
.295
15.28
12.14
2
4
5
5
22
15
6.2
5.2
5.6
0
(1 )n
5.9
54.0
49.9
48.0
0
0
54.1
68.9
51.9
51.2
0
^ *
64.7
127.6
104.0
10&7
0
0
119.6
.648
.413
.539
0
0
.473
44.63
21.41
27.62
0
0
30.58
0 x
0
53
60
0
$14.18
13.71
0
9.45
18.27
17.19
Jackmen, printing, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
New Jersey.................................
N ew York..................................
Pennsylvania............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
1
5
1
0
0
0
34.99
20.61
25.87
0
0
25.59
0)
T o t a l .....................................
19
70
5.6
51.2
57.5
112.3
.483
24.73
27.75
Kettlemen, color mixing, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island.............................
2
5
5
2
4
2
6
4
24
5
2
9
3
11
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.5
4.1
4.7
5.9
54.0
50.0
48.0
48.5
55.6
51.7
54.1
67.1
58.0
50.7
60.3
39.8
53.3
64.7
124.3
116.0
105.6
124.3
71.6
103.1
119.6
.675
.392
1.025
.594
.236
.697
.463
36.45
19.60
49.20
28.81
13.12
36.03
25.05
45.27
22.73
51.93
35.76
9.41
37.17
29.92
Total........................................
26
58
5.3
51.8
56.3
108.7
.485
25.12
27.29
Kettlemen's helpers, male:
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey............................. —
N ew Y ork...................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania............................
R hode Island.... ........................
1
3
2
2
1
1
0)
39
14
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
T otal........................................ 1
Kier boilers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey........... ....................
N ew Y ork ..................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania________ _______
Rhode Isla n d ...........................
South Carolina—......................
1
10
0
0
19
0
0
0
80
0)
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.8
48.0
48.9
55.0
(l}
0
47.2
53.4
38.3
ft
49.9
0
49.6
98.3
109.2
69.6
0
.527
.496
.215
0
0
25.30
24.25
11.83
0)
0
0
24.90
26.45
8.25
99.4
.475
23.70
23.60
0
0
0
0
0
0
i
11
7
9
4
12
32
11
15
21
10
40
13
5.4
6.8
5.7
5.4
4.5
4.9
5.4
5.4
52.7
49.8
50.7
57.2
• 54.8
52.2
53.3
55.0
57.1
62.9
59.5
59.6
47.1
54.0
56.4
56.7
108.3
126.3
117.4
104.2
85.9
103.4
105.8
103.3^
.501
.405
.460
.466
.300
.541
.480
.337
26.40
20.17
23.32
26.66
16.44
28.24
25.58
18.54
28.60
25.48
27.39
27.76
14.11
29.20
27.10
19.13
T otal.................... ...................
54
154
5.4
53.0
56.9
107.4
.433
22.95
24.66
Knotters, female:
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork ..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
2
7
1
1
1
3
13
35
3.4
4.5
0)
49.8
48.4
29.0
36.9
58.2
76.2
0)
.397
.332
19.77
16.07
11.51
12.24
5.5
8
55.0
8
53.4
0)
97.1
0)
.248
0)
0)
13.64
13.22
T otal........................................
15
4.7
51.0
41.2
80.8
.298
15.20
12.31
* Data included in total.
3
7
5
8
0
0
0
19
88
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
T
A,— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
N um N um
age
dayson
ber of
ber of wiiich
estab em
em
lish
ments ployees ployees
worked
A ver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
A ver
A ver
Aver
Per
age
Aver
age
age
cent
full
age
hours of full
actual
earn time earn
actu
time
earn
ings
ally
ings
ings
worked worked per
in
in
hour
per
in
week
week
week
week
M angle tenders, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork........... ......................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
3
5
11
7
9
7
10
5
21
53
100
64
36
14
73
46
5.3
5.3
5.0
4.7
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.7
53.2
48.5
50.7
48.3
54.7
52.6
51.4
55.0
56.1
51.1
48.9
43.9
51.1
52.8
52.3
64.0
407
5.2
51.2
50.9
<9
0)
0)
105.5 $0,543 $28.89
.379 i 18.38
105.4
92.5
.481 24.39
90.9
.474 22.89
93.4
.333 18.22
.483 25.41
100.4
.448 i 23.03
101.8
.293 | 16.12
116.4
$30.45
19.35
22.52
20.78
17.03
25.47
23.42
18.77
99.4
.424
21.71
21.60
0)
0)
0)
(9
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(9
(9
(9
T otal........................................
57
Mangle tenders, female:
N ew Jersey.................................
New Y ork..................................
Pennsylvania........... .................
1
1
1
T otal........................................
3
11
5.1
50.4
49.9
99.0
.310
15.62
Measurers, male:
Connecticut........ .......... ...........
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Rhode Island.............................
1
2
2
4
2
0)
20
6
13
5
0)
4.1
3.8
5.2
6.0
0)
50.0
48.0
53.8
48.0
0)
33.3
32.8
48.7
59.7
0)
66.6
68.3
90.5
124.4
(9
.520
.575
.370
.383
26.00
27.60
19.91
18.38
17.31
18.85
18.03
22.84
23.22
19.73
(9
<9
19.31
20.79
16.90
15.62
0)
1
0)
(9
(l)
0)
(9
(9
(9
0)
15.45
(9
Total........................................
11
46
4.7
50.8
43.2
85.0
.457
Measurers, female:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
1
2
3
7
2
1
0)
19
16
27
12
0)
5.0
5.4
5.0
5.8
C)
1
0)
39.1
48.0
37.9
53.6
0)
0)
81.5
91.8
78.5
97.5
0)
.494
.433
.446
.292
0)
0)
48.0
52.3
48.3
55.0
0)
(9
(9
T otal........- ........ ....................
16
80
5.2
50.5
43.1
85.3
.423
21. 36
18.22
Mercerizers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y o rk ..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
2
3
4
5
4
6
8
3
6
12
13
6
26
16
31
8
5.0
4.8
5.7
5.2
4.6
4.8
5.4
5.3
52.7
48.0
50.6
48.6
56.2
53.3
52.5
55.0
48.9
43.6
56.8
48.1
48.2
44.5
52.5
61.6
92.8
90.8
112.3
99.0
85.8
83.5
100.0
112.0
.473
.367
.476
.585
.311
.578
.473
.304
24.93
17.62
24.09
28.43
17.48
30.81
24.81
16.72
23.15
15.98
27.03
28.13
15.02
25.68
24.81
18.76
22.87
21.79
(9
23.71
22.65
21.54
16.06
(9
Total........................................
35
118
5.1
52.7
50.2
95.3
.434
Openers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
1
6
12
9
1
8
6
0)
24
70
24
0)
8
17
0)
5.1
5.3
4.8
0)
5.3
5.3
0)
48.6
48.2
48.7
0)
53.5
53.4
(1
)
48.5
46.9
42.1
0)
53.0
56.2
0)
99.8
97.3
86.4
0)
99.1
105.2
.370
.521
.497
0)
.476
.533
25.47
28.46
25.20
29.96
(9
(9
17.98
25.11
24.20
(9
(9
17.98
24.41
20.94
(9
Total........................................
43
152
5.1
49.6
47.1
95.0
.487
24.16
22.94
Packers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork...................................
North Carolina..........................
Penn sylvania,.........................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
4
6
15
8
16
10
10
5
10
35
75
39
90
20
52
21
5.5
5.7
5.6
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.7
5.9
52.4
50.4
49.2
48.6
54.8
52.5
52.2
55.0
57.3
47.7
49.2
42.7
47.1
47.4
53.0
59.7
109.4
94.6
100.0
87.9
85.9
90.3
101.5
108.5
.508
.372
.508
.514
.289
.476
.473
.382
26.62
18.75
24.98
24.98
15.84
24.99
24.69
21.01
29.10
17.76
24.98
21.95
13.62
22.56
25.11
22.79
Total........... ............................
74
342
5.4
51.8
49.1
94.8
.423
21.91
20.77
> Data included in total.
18
T
WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hourf and per cent
of full time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
Occupation, sex, and State
Packers, female:
New Y ork..................................
North Carolina..........................
P en n sylva n ia..........................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
Aver
N um N um
age
ber of
dayson
estab ber of which
em
lish
em
ments ployees ployees
worked
5
2
2
1
1
25
8
2
0)
0)
4.8
4.9
4.5
0)
0)
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
48.5
55.0
51.9
A ver
A ver
Per
Aver
age
A ver age
cent
age
hours of full
age
full
actual
actu
earn time
time
ally
ings
earn earn
ings
worked worked per
ings
in
in
in
hour
per
week
week
week
week
39.1
43.5
44.0
80.6 $0,343 $16.64
79.1
.242 13.31
.313 16.24
84.8
0)
(9
(l)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
« ! 0)
$13.4210.54
13.79-
0)
0)
Total........................................
11
37
4.9
50.4
41.3
81.9
.313
15.78
12.95
PUers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Y ork..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Rhode Island.............................
2
5
3
3
6
14
109
18
10
30
4.6
5.2
4.3
3.4
4.8
53.4
48.4
48.4
55.0
50.2
42.6
44.8
37.1
32.4
44.2
79.8
92.6
76.7
58.9
88.0
.403
.317
.375
.232
.384
21.52
15.34
18.15
12.76
19.28
17.15
14. 2a
13.92
7.51
16.99
T otal........................................
19
181
4.9
49.4
43.1
87.2
.337
16.65
14.49
Plaiters, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania-..........................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
2
3
7
6
2
3
8
4
9
31
60
47
6
12
74
20
5.8
4.9
5.0
4.6
4.5
4.6
5.3
4.8
54.0
50.0
49.8
49.1
54.2
54.0
51.8
55.0
61.1
45.3
46.2
41.4
42.3
45.7
49.7
49.0
113.1
90.6
92.8
84.3
78.0
84.6
95.9
89.1
.464
.346
.400
.419
.258
.363
.378
.221
25.06
17.30
19.92
20. 57
13.98
19.60
19.58
12.16
28.36
15.66
18.47
17.34
10.91
16.59
18.78
10.84
259
5.0
51.1
46.8
91.6
.374
19.11
17.51
h
0)
(l)
0)
(l)
0)
0)
50.3
42.2
83.9
.281
14.13
11.88
0)
48.5
48.0
0)
0)
0)
54.5
0)
0)
52.8
43.5
0)
0)
108.9
90.6
0)
103.9
0)
0)
19.55
30.29
(l)
(l)
0)
26.43
(0
0)
21.27
27.48
h
56.6
0)
0)
.403
.631
(1
)
0)
0)
.485
0)
50.9
52.9
103.9
.490
24.94
Total........................................
35
Plaiters, female:
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew York..................................
1
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
T otal........................................
2
Polishers, metal, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew York..................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
9
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
15
9
0)
0)
(0
14
0)
T otal........................................
14
47
(9
1
4
(0
7
T otal........................................
5
8
Printing-machine tenders, male*
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
North Carolina..........................
Penn sylvania.-........................
Rhode Isla n d --........................
South Carolina..........................
3
6
6
2
1
3
6
1
16
129
61
17
Total........................................
28
0)
6.0
4.9
0)
0)
5.6
0)
5.6
I1
)
(i)
(l)
27.48
0)
25.91
1
Pressmen, male
Connecticut...............................
North Carolina..........................
i Data included in total.
5.1
0)
0)
0)
4.9
5.0
6.0
5.5
5.8
4.8
0)
57.1
0)
48.1
0)
84.2
C)
1
.265
0)
15.13
0)
12.76
56.9
48.9
85.9
.274
15.59
13.42
53.8
51.2
48.7
49.1
64.0
55.0
51.5
47.7
119.0
107.4
105.7
97.1
1.377
1.114
1.218
1.390
74.08
57.04
59.32
68.25
88.17
61.25
62.71
66.26
58.1
56.0
106.0
105.1
1.413
1.322
77.43
70.46
82.08
74.07
1.201 61.85
65.66
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
(l)
0)
51.5
54.7
21
57
313
4.9
5.3
5.4
54.8
53.3
0)
0)
106.2
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
19
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
T a b l e A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
N um
age
ber of N um dayson
estab ber of which
em
lish
em
ments ployees ployees
worked
Holler turners, male:
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey................................
N ew York..................................
Pennsylvania-..........................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
3
1
1
1
3
1
8
0)
0)
0)
6
0)
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
Aver
Aver
Per
Aver
A ver age
age
cent
age
hours of full
full
age
actual
actu
earn time
time
earally
ings earn ings
worked worked per
ings
in
in
in
per
hour
week
week
week
week
6.0
0)
0)
0)
5.0
0)
48.9
0)
0)
0)
53.0
0)
0)
0)
50.2
0)
107.0 $0,429 $20.98
0)
0)
0)
0)
(l)
0)
0)
0)
0)
94.7
.803 42.56
0)
0)
0)
52.3
$22.43
0)
h
40.28
0)
T otal........................................
10
18
5.6
50.5
51.1
101.2
.570
28.79
29.11
Scutcher tenders, male:
Connecticut...............................
M assachusetts-.........................
New Jersey.................................
New Y ork __..............................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania............................
Rhode Island.............................
1
3
1
2
1
2
4
0)
10
0)
6
Q)
7
10
0)
5.3
0)
3.7
0)
5.3
5.6
0)
48.7
(l)
48.3
0)
54.5
50.4
0)
52.1
0)
32.5
0)
57.4
57.6
0)
107.0
0)
67.3
0)
105.3
114.3
0)
.362
0)
.508
0)
.398
.384
0)
17.63
0)
24.54
0)
21.69
19.35
(l)
18.85
(l)
16.49
0)
22.85
22.14
T otal........................................
14
40
5.1
50.6
50.9
100.6
.409
20.70
20.81
Sewers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork...................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
3
5
9
3
8
3
5
63
19
4
17
5
36
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.1
5.0
5.7
54.2
48.5
49.1
49.8
55.6
55.3
54.0
56.8
55.0
47.4
47.7
48.5
52.5
59.8
104.8
113.4
96.5
95.8
87.2
94.9
110.7
.466
.349
.475
.475
.246
.446
.446
25.26
16.93
23.32
23.66
13.68
24.66
24.08
26.47
19.21
22.48
22.67
11.93
23.41
26.63
8
Total........................................
39
149
5.6
51.2
54.2
105.9
.389
19.92
21.07
Sewers, female:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork...................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
3
6
14
9
9
3
9
3
12
117
94
22
196
8
42
13
4.4
5.1
4.9
4.5
4.6
5.1
4.6
4.7
52.4
48.0
48.5
48.3
54.9
51.5
51.0
55.0
42.2
40.3
40.5
37.3
42.4
42.9
40.7
51.5
80.5
84.0
83.5
77.2
77.2
83.3
79.8
93.6
.328
.294
.362
.373
.283
.318
.392
.233
17.19
14.11
17.56
18.02
15.54
16.38
19.99
12.82
13.85
11.82
14.64
13.92
11.98
13.62
15.97
12.01
Total........................................
56
504
4.8
51.4
41.4
80.5
.312
16.04
12.93
Singers, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts............................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork...................................
N orth Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
2
6
11
7
6
4
8
3
4
28
29
10
15
4
16
12
5.0
4.9
5.2
4.9
4.5
5.3
5.1
4.8
53.0
48.5
49.0
48.5
54.7
54.3
50.7
55.0
47.6
43.8
49.0
42.6
41.0
51.8
44.5
56.4
89.8
90.3
100.0
87.8
75.0
95.4
87.8
102.5
.451
.359
.497
.501
.379
.443
.441
.273
23.90
17.41
24.34
24.30
20.73
24.05
22.36
15.02
21.48
15.74
24.34
21.31
15.53
22.94
19.63
15.42
Total........................................
47
118
4.9
50.7
46.4
91.5
.415
21.04
19.23
Soaper tenders, male:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts............................
New Jersey.................................
N ew York...................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
2
6
6
3
1
8
1
4
72
19
11
0)
72
I1
)
5.8
5.5
5.5
4.2
(*)
5.6
C)
1
50.0
48.7
51.6
49.2
0)
53.5
C)
1
66.0
56.5
58.2
40.7
0)
63.6
I1
)
132.0
116.0
112.8
82.7
0)
118.9
C)
1
.453
.364
.475
.476
0)
.438
(*)
22.65
17.73
24.51
23.42
(>)
23.43
t1
)
29.93
20.53
27.65
19.40
0)
27.82
(*)
Total........................................
27
192
5.4
51.2
58.9
115.0
.410
20.99
24.15
i Data included in total.
20
W A G E S AND
HOTJRS OP L A B O R
T a b l e A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week} average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
Occupation, sex and State
A ver
N um N um
age
ber of ber of dayson
which
estab em
lish
I em
ments ployees ployees
worked
Soap mixers, male:
Massachusetts_____ . . . . . . . . . .
N ew Jersey__________ —_____
N ew Y ork___________________
Pftnnsyl vania
Rhode Island________________
South Carolina______________
3
4
t
11
10
(i)
0)
4
1
(\
o
Total........................................
14
Sprinkler tenders, male:
C on n ecticu t_________ ______
Massachusetts_______________
N ew Jersey__________________
N ew Y ork___________________
North Carolina______________
Rhode Island________________
South Carolina___________ - _
Total.............................. ........
1
1
3
1
5
3
53.1
56.2
0
0
69.0
0
105.4 $0,420 $21.17
116.1 ♦.529 25.13
0
0
0
0
0
0
127.5
.396 21.42
0
0
0
5.3
51.1
59.0
115.5
.429
21.92
25.26
0
48.0
0
48.2
53.3
52.4
55.0
0
60.0
0
47.4
52.9
50.4
59.2
0
125.0
0
98.3
99.2
96.2
107.6
0
.344
0
.457
.326
.427
.261
0
16.51
0
22.03
17.38
22.37
14.36
0
20.67
0
21.66
17.25
21.50
15.43
51.4
52.7
102.5
.379
19.48
20.00
(i)
5
3
8
3
13
15
21
68
5.4
6
1
2
Total........................................
15
Swing tenders, male:
Massachusetts____ __________
N ew Jersey__________________
N ew Y ork___________________
North Carolina______________
Pennsylvania___ - __________
Rhode Island________________
7
5
7
4
5
8
......
(l)
50.4
48.4
0
0
54.1
0
5.1
5.4
(l)
5.9
0
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.7
Steamer tenders, male:
Connecticut _______________
Massachusetts_______________
New Jersey__________________
North C!arn]ina
Rhode Island________________
1
5
Aver
Aver
Per
Aver
A ver age
age
cent
age
hours of full
age
full
actual
earn time
actu
time
ings earn earn
ally
worked
ings
worked
per
ings
in
in
in
hour
per
week
week
week
week
0
5.7
0
34
14
0
Aver
age
full
time
hours
per
week
$22.27
29.75
0
0
27.34
0
5
0
5.6
4.8
0
5.2
48.8
48.0
0
54.0
0
57.1
50.6
0
57.7
0
117.0
105.4
0
106.9
0
.342
.491
0
.387
0
16.69
23.57
0
20.90
0
19.49
24.82
0
22.34
126 I
5.1
48.8
52.4
107.4
.438
21.37
22.97
103
9
31
18
18
39
5.6
4.9
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.1
49.7
48.0
48.8
55.0
52.4
52.2
54.9
46.3
42.2
44.2
51.3
50.5
110.5
96.5
86.5
80.4
97.9
96.7
.339
.442
.408
.326
.439
.423
16.85
21.22
19.91
17.93
23.00
22.08
18.58
20.47
17.22
14.41
22.51
21.37
218 |
5.2
50.6
50.8 | 100.4
.373
18.87
18.94
21
4.5
0
48.0
0
35.1
0
73.1
0
.322
0
15.46
0
11.29
0
0
36
79
C)
1
Total........................................
38
Swing tenders, female:
N ew Jersey_____________ _ _
_
Pennsylvania________________
2
1
Total............. ..........................
3
26
4.4
49.2
35.5
72.2
.310
15.25
11.00
Tenter-frame tenders, male:
Connecticut_________________
Massachusetts_______________
N ew Jersey__________________
N ew York ________________ _
N orth Carolina______________
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
South Carolina______________
4
7
13
8
16
7
9
5
24
144
428
56
41
37
121
74
5.2
5.6
5.0
5.3
5.3
5.1
5.7
5.4
53.0
49.3
49.8
50.6
55.0
54.3
52.6
55.0
56.7
55.8
45.1
53.2
50.8
52.2
60.2
59.5
107.0
113.2
90.6
105.1
92.4
96.1
114.4
108.2
.509
.359
.485
.481
.303
.479
.459
.299
26.98
17.70
24.15
24.34
16.67
26.01
24.14
16.45
28.86
20.02
21.87
25.62
15.38
25.00
27.66
17.80
925
5.3
51.0
51.2
100.4
.435
22.19
22.26
26
0
5.3
0
4.7
5.6
0
49.2
0
52.5
53.0
0
49.0
0
45.0
53.8
0
99.6
0
85.7
101.5
0
.335
0
.278
.395
0
16.43
0
14.60
20.94
0
16.44
0
12.51
21.25
122
5.3
50.4
49.9
99.0
.353
17.79
17.62
Total______________________
69
Tenter-frame tenders, female:
Connecticut_________________
N ew Jersey__________________
N ew Y ork___________________
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island___ ____________
1
5
1
2
5
Total........................................
14
i Data included in total.
0
0
83
®7
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
T
21
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1930, by occupation, sex, and /State— Continued
able
Occupation, sex and State
Aver
A ver
Per
Aver Aver
A ver
Aver age
age
N um N um
cent
age
age
age
hours of full
full
age
ber of ber of days on fi3learn time actual
actu
which
time
estab em
time
earn
earn
ally
hours worked worked ings
lish ployees em
ings
ings
per
ployees
ments
per
in
in
in
per
hour
week
worked week
week
week
week
Truckers, male:
Connecticut_________________
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork..................................
North Carolina.........................
Pennsylvania......................... .
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
3
7
13
8
6
6
9
4
41
260
133
71
53
48
156
38
Tot$l.......................................
56
800
T u b washers, male:
Connecticut. .............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey................................
N ew York................ .................
North Carolina.........................
Pennsylvania.............................
R hode Island.............................
1
4
3
1
3
1
7
0)12
0) 7
(0
23
5
5.2
5.4
5.5
6
.0
53.6
48.5
49.4
48.6
54.7
53.2
51.9
55.0
47.1
55.2
47.5
45.4
47.7
53.2
51.9
57.2
87.9 $0,474 $25.41
113.8
.357 17.31
96.2
.496 24.50
93.4
.465 22.60
87.2
.264 14.44
100.0
.426 22.67
100.0
.446 23.12
104.0
.301 16.56
5.4
50.6
51.5
101.8
(9
5.2
5.6
)
5.3
)
5.6
)
50.8
48.0
(»)
56.4
)
53.7
0
0)
56.1
56.8
(»)
51.1
)
55.7
)
110.4
118.3
0
5.1
5.6
5.1
5.1
0
0
0
$22.36
19.70
23.56
21.12
12.59
22.67
23.12
17.20
.405
20.49
0
)
18.64
24.53
)
15.23
)
20.84
0
0
0
(1
)0
.388
)
20. 58
2P.04
90.6
(»)
103.7
)
.367
.511
)
.270
0
(0
0
20.86
0
(0
0
13.81
)
21.61
Total........................................
20
55
5.5
52.9
56.7
107.2
.404
21.37
22.91
Washer tenders, male:
Connecticut____ ____________
Massachusetts...........................
New Jersey........................... .
New Y ork.................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
4
7
12
9
9
a
10
3
33
116
559
45
30
15
87
46
5.1
5.3
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.5
5.3
5.2
52.9
48.7
51.2
48.8
55.0
52.8
52.0
55.0
50.7
51.9
47.1
40.9
45.0
42.7
52.7
55.8
95.8
106.6
92.0
83.8
81.8
80.9
101.3
101.5
.480
.356
.492
.444
.287
.467
.422
.304
25.39
17.34
25.19
21.67
15.79
24.66
21.94
16.72
24.31
18.45
23.14
18.15
12. 92
19.93
22.25
16.98
931
4.9
51.3
48.3
94.2
.447
22.93
21.59
3.9
(>
>
56.4
0)
35.6
0)
63.1
)
.284
0
)
16.02
)
10.10
4.0
56.2
35.5
63.2
.290
16.30
10.28
(0
3.9
<
0
51.8
0
52.6
)
38.2
44.4
0
5.0
)
73.7
84.4
)
.351
.349
)
18.18
18.36
)
13.39
15.51
Total........................................
60
Yarn winders, male:
Massachusetts...........................
North Carolina..........................
1
8
0)
66
Total........................................
9
68
Yarn winders, female:
N ew Jersey.................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
1
8
4
<0
287
89
0)
0
0
0
0
0
T otal........................................
13
385
4.2
51.9
39.6
76.3
.350
18.17
13.84
Other employees, male:
Connecticut..............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey.................................
N ew Y ork....................... ..........
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania.............................
Rhode Island........................... .
South Carolina..........................
5
9
16
9
43
12
10
5
270
1,653
1,928
468
863
290
771
378
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.3
4.9
5.2
5.5
5.7
53.6
48.7
49.9
48.7
55.0
53.2
52.4
55.0
54.2
52.6
48.7
47.2
47.8
52.5
55.3
58.2
101.1
108.0
97.6
96.9
86.9
98.7
105.5
105.8
.589
.436
.537
.537
.327
.558
.523
.356
31.57
21.23
26.80
26.15
17.99
29.69
27.41
19.58
31.91
22.90
26.15
25.34
15.63
29.27
28.94
20.72
Total........................................
109
6,621
5.3
51.0
51.1
100.2
.475
24.23
24.30
Other employees, female:
Connecticut...............................
Massachusetts...........................
N ew Jersey................................
New Y ork.................................
North Carolina..........................
Pennsylvania........................... .
Rhode Island.............................
South Carolina..........................
4
8
15
9
17
6
9
5
64
547
605
53
196
104
255
60
5.3
5.3
5.0
5.1
4.9
4.6
5.2
6.7
53.4
48.0
48.4
48.4
55.2
50.6
52.9
55.0
51.0
41.3
39.7
43.7
45.6
43.3
48.2
55.5
95.5
86.0
82.0
90.3
82.6
85.6
91.1
100.9
.383
.292
.391
.304
.259
.366
.379
.216
20.45
14.02
18.92
14.71
14.30
18.52
20.05
1 .8
18
19.54
12.05
15.52
13.28
11.80
15.81
18.28
11.96
Total........................................
73
1,884
5.1
50.1
43.1
86.0
.336
16.83
14.47
* Data included in total.
22
T
WAGES AND HOURS OP LABOR
A . — Average number of days on which employees worked, average full-time
and actual hours and earnings per weeky average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1980, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
able
Occupation, sex and State
A ll employees, male:
Connecticut_________________
Massachusetts_______________
N ew Jersey__________________
New York___________________
North Carolina______________
Pennsylvania_________ ____ —
Rhode Island________________
South Carolina______________
Total........................................
Aver Aver
N um N um
age
age
ber of ber of days on full
estab em
time
which
lish
hours
em
ments ployees ployees
per
worked week
A ver
A ver
Per
A ver age
age
cent
hours
age
of full earn full
actu
time
time
ings
earn
ally
worked worked per
ings
in
in
hour
per
week
week
week
A ver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
101.3 $0.572 $30.60
107.8
.433 21.17
.523 26.05
96.4
92.6
.520 25.43
85.6
.320 17.60
96.4
.546 29.10
104.6
.511 26.83
.332 18.26
106.5
$30.96
22.80
25.09
23.58
15.05
28.09
28.03
19.45
724
4,064
5,503
1,303
1,784
923
2,568
870
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.0
4.8
5.1
5.5
5.6
53.5
48.9
49.8
48.9
55.0
53.3
52.5
55.0
54.2
52.7
48.0
45.3
47.1
51.4
54.9
58.6
109 17,739
5.2
51.0
50.7
99.4
.473
24.12
23.99
5
9
16
9
43
12
10
5
All employees, female:
Connecticut_________________
Massachusetts..........................
N ew Jersey................... ...........
New Y ork________________ __
North Carolina........... ..............
Pennsylvania________________
Rhode Island________________
South Carolina______________
5
8
16
9
20
11
10
5
85
813
1,077
218
863
230
359
98
5.2
5.3
5.0
4.9
4.5
4.8
5.1
6.1
53.4
48.0
48.6
48.5
54.0
51.7
52.5
55.0
49.7
41.3
40.5
40.6
42.0
43.8
47.2
54.4
93.1
86.0
83.3
83.7
77.8
84.7
89.9
98.9
.386
.313
.377
.343
.288
.352
.377
.223
20.61
15.02
18.32
16.64
15.55
18.20
19.79
12.27
19.20
12.90
15.27
13.93
12.10
15.42
17.78
12.13
Total........................................
84
3,743
5.0
50.5
42.4
84.0
.335
16.92
14.20
All employees, male and female:
Connecticut_________________
Massachusetts____________ _
New Jersey.________________
N ew Y ork___________________
North Carolina______________
Pennsylvania__________ <____
_
Rhode Island__________ ____ _
South Carolina______________
5
9
16
9
43
12
10
5
809
4,877
6, 580
1,521
2,647
1,153
2,927
968
5.3
5.5
5.1
5.0
4. 7
5.0
5.4
5.6
53.4
48.8
49.6
48.8
54. 7
53.0
52.5
55.0
53.7
50.8
46.8
44. 7
45.4
49.9
53. 9
58.2
100.6
104.1
94.4
91. 6
83. 0
94.2
102. 7
105.8
.554
.417
. 502
.497
. 310
. 512
.497
.321
29.58
20.35
24. 90
24.25
16 96
27.14
26. 09
17.66
29.73
21.15
23.48
22.20
14.09
25.56
26.78
18.71
109 21,482
5.2
50.9
49.3
9a 9
.452 *23.01
22.29
Total........................................
T a b l e B . — Average and classified earnings per hour in 12 specified occupations, 1980, by sex and State
Occupation, sex, and State
T o ta l..........................................
72
537
.431
D ryer tenders, male:
Connecticut___________________
Massachusetts............... ...................
N ew Jersey______________ _________
N ew Y ork ________________________
North Carolina_________ __________
Pennsylvania______________ _______
R hode Island____________ _________
South Carolina....................................
5
7
15
8
23
10
10
4
33
158
317
66
45
48
.477
.375
.478
.425
.385
.456
.440
.293
804
82
2
1
Total------------------------------------
3
*Data included in total.
27
32
0)
47
3
21
30
11
1
6
20
29
10
26
22
4
3
9
20
1
7
5
1
55
99
120
92
116
17
5
1
11
16
15
3
5
16
10
67
40
25
9
10
170
14
10
1
83
5
3
2
7
25
2
8
28
1
22
16
1
4
66
176
240
137
12
13
16
1
29
5
i
9
1
i
11
1
4
27
1
2
15
2
67
3
4
11
4
21
7
10
43
119
j
1
|
1
i
.435 1
.......... !.......... ..........1
l
8
2
2
1
22
1
1
.315
(*)
.299
1
12
27
22
2
2
53
1
2
0)
i
C)
2
10
31
0)
35 I..........
2
2
1930
Total...........................................
D ryer tenders, female:
N ew Jersey_______________________
N ew Y ork_________________________
no
49
20
3
10
1
16
TEXTILES,
$0,539
.396
.462
.474
.323
.493
.472
.303
O
F
35
105
108
61
39
19
123
47
FINISHING
3
8
15
9
16
7
10
4
A D
N
Calender tenders, male:
Connecticut______________________
Massachusetts___________ _________
N ew Jersey_______________________
N ew Y ork________________________
N orth Carolina_______ ____________
Pennsylvania___________ __________
R hode Island____________ ________
South Carolina...................................
DYEING
N um ber of employees whose earnings per hour were—
N um Num Aver
ber of ber of
age
estab em
earn
16,
30,
35,
40,
50,
60,
14,
90
$1.10, $1.25
lish ploy ings per under under under un'ler under under under under under under ! under under under under cents,
ments
ees
hour
12
16
18
25
20
30
35
45
40
50
60
70
80
90 under under under and
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00 $1.10 $1.25 over
T a b l e B .— Average and classified earnings per hour in 12 specified occupations, 1980, by sex and State— Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Num ber of employees whose earnings per hour were—
N um N um Aver
ber of ber of
age
45,
50,
60,
estab em
30,
35,
40,
80,
90
10,
20, | 25,
earn
$1.10, $1.25
lish p loy ings per under under under under under under under under under under under under undfer under cents, $1, under and
70
80
|
45 1 50
60
12
16
18
20
25 1 30 j 35 j 40
90 under under $1.25 over
ments
ees
hour
$1.10
cents cents cents cents cents ' cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00
3
8
6
8
12
7
9
4
14
125
53
53
47
38
96
30
.597
.550
.689
.699
.399
.495
.698
.472
T otal...........................................
57
456
.587
Folders, female:
Massachusetts____________________
N ew Jersey___ ____________________
N ew York____________ ____________
N orth C arolin a _______ - _____
Pennsylvania_____________________
R hode I s la n d ____________________
South Carolina______ _____________
5
12
1
4
2
3
2
53
139
24
4
16
5
.410
.379
0)
.247
.366
.325
.193
1
4
247
.368
1
23
Total
_
_____ ______________
Inspectors, male:
C onnecticut„ „. „, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __
M a ssa ch u setts______________ ___
N ew Jersey_______________________
29 !
2
6
7
m is
0)
12
79
165
.465 !
.517
.364
.499
20
7
10
17
13
8
24
28
1
70 | 189
30 :
1
5 I
>
!
j
35
83
12
11
1
5 !
I
I
9
1
3
i
i
j
1
18
U
2
381
9
2
73
54
42
3
2
47
19
35
1
1
153 | 397
532
118
38
1 !
8
31
23
12
1
6
1
6
3
20
2
15
19
29
1
1
47
14
5
7
3
28
1
11
5
22
4
15
89
97
114
22
11
7
2
8
11
2
5
5
5
2
6
5
1
3
10
1
23
19 |
26
23
31 I
6
17
4
28
12
48
15
34
11
8
2
1
4
2
8
2
2
3
1
30
42
67
50
|
i
9
17
334
13
1
7
16
2
24
51
19
7
9
40
1
25
5
2
30
1
s
!
■
1
i
!
0)
i
!
J
!
20 !
3
1
91
i
i
___ _____
2
1
8
2
i
!
5
1
0)
1
7
io
6
5
68
2
1
5
4
!
2 :
!
j
i
_______ i ------------
___ I___
|
...... ......
I
LABOR
Folders, male:
C o n n e c ticu t________ _______ ____
_
Massachusetts____________________
N ew J e r s e y _____________________
N ew Y o r k _______________________
N orth C a rolin a _____ _____________
Pennsylvania ___________ _______
R hode I s la n d ____ __________ ____
_
South C a r o lin a ____ ______________
i
52
5
89
2
2
59
5
O
P
96
$0,505
.358
.506
.458
.298
.554
.491
.291
HOtTES
Total...........................................
35
157
819
56
169
172
166
44
A D
N
4
8
16
8
36
11
10
3.
........
WAGES
Dyeing-machine tenders, male:
Connecticut .
Massachusetts
,
_,
N ew J ersey ______________________
N ew Y ork ________________________
N orth Carolina ................
Pennsylvania_____________________
R hode Island
__________________
South Carolina __________________
N ew Y ork ________________________
N orth Carolina___________________
Pennsylvania n
____ .
R hode Island_____________________
South Carolina___________________
7
7
7
2
12
32
13
25
7-
.498
.358
.569
.587
.346
T otal..................................................
46
345
.459
........
__________________ __
New Jersey_______________________
N ew Y o r k ..____ __________________
North Carolina_______
Pennsylvania___________
____
R hode Island_____________ _______
1
5
4
1
11
2
4
0
0
53 Massachusetts
.333
.358
60
0)
0
.235
128
6
.368
11
.328
T otal..................................................
28
269
.295
M angle tenders, male:
Connecticut______________________
Massachusetts____________________
N ew Jersey_______________________
N ew Y ork ________________ _______
N orth Carolina__ _________________
Pennsylvania_____________________
R hode Island......................... ............
South Carolina__ . _______________
3
5
11
7
9
7
10
5
21
53
100
64
36
14
73
46
.543
.379
.481
.474
.333
.483
.448
.293
4
19
11
1
7
21
T otal..................................................
57
407
.424 i
4
32 1
56
Mangle tenders, female:
N ew Jersev____ ___________________
N ew Y o r k ._______________________
Pennsylvania__________ ____. . .
1
1
1
(l)
0
(1)
0)
0)
0
3
6
6
2
1
3
6
1
16
129
61
17
0
21
57
0
1. 377
1.114
1. 218
1.390
0)
1.413
1.322
0
T otal..................................................
28
313
1.201
tD ata included in total.
3
3
3
7
10
4
28 |
I
38
25
102 |
97 1
18
18
4
22
1
1
5
4
42
3
1
2
3
36
0
2
5
2
(,)3
1
76
1
1
65 |
32
58
6
3 |
5
4
6
24
4
9
5
3
21
19
1
4
8
5
15
1
3
27
10
25
3
1
18
8
2
4
27
15
1
1
3
40
13
1
8
19
4
3
3
1
87
61
89
15
1
11
3
7
5
1
4
91
11
0
I
.
J
0
C)
1
3
17
2
62
|
1
0)
4 i
0
1
1 i
I
I
1
|
I
0
...... ......
0
1
0)
i
1
3
2
|
1
......|
...... 1-------|
0
l
6
1
0
0
0
2
6 i
i
8 l
1
23
1
11
7
4
5
20
9
59
29
17
1
2
0
1
4
1
2
2
5
1
9
18
37
11
8
26
24 |
40
169
0
0
15
1930
Printing-machine tenders, male:
Connecticut............... ..... ....................
Massachusetts____________________
N ew Jersev_______________________
N ew York*._______________________
North Carolina _____ ____________
Pennsylvania_____________________
Rhode Island_____________________
South Carolina____ . . . . __________
2 |
5
3 |
8
2
2
3
TEXTILES,
.310
2
O
F
11
6
4
2
3
2
FINISHING
3 i
18
AN
D
T otal_____ ____________________
3
DYEING
Inspectors, female:
Connecticut.
8
T a b l e B . — Average and classified earnings per hour in 12 specified occupations, 1930, by sex and State— Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Sewers, female:
Connecticut___ __________________
Massachusetts .
__________
N ew J e rs e y ___ ____
___ . . . .
N orth C arolin a..___ ___ ________
Pennsylvania______________ _______
__
R hode Island ___
South Carolina_____
_
__
3
6
14
9
9
3
9
3
12
117
94
22
196
8
42
13
.328
.294
.362
.373
.283
.318
.392
.233
N ew Y ork
1
2
1
Total..................................................
56
504
.312
Tenter-frame tenders, male:
Connecticut_______ _
Massachusetts___ _________________
N ew Jersey____ . . . . . ______________
___ ____
N orth Carolina____________ ______
Pen n sylva n ia _____________ _____
R hode Island_____________________
South Carolina___________________
4
7
13
8
16
7
9
5
24
144
428
56
41
37
121
74
.509
.359
.485
.481
.303
.479
. 459
.299
T otal..................................................
69
925
.435
Tenter-frame tenders, female:
C o n n e c tic u t.....
N ew J e rs e y ____ __________________
N ew Y ork ............................................
1
5
1
0)
83
0)
0)
.335
0)
1
3
.389
2
2
8
1
1
13
2
8
1
3
1
7
2
28
22
31
22
15
21
3
4
22
6
7
69
3
4
17
34
3
60
8
13
42
4
10
3
5
9
6
4
5
1
2
4
1
1
3
3
2
1
4
7
1
115
135
85
27
9
14
4
3
17
16
5
7
2
29
7
32
9
5
11
37
18
29
13
234
13
13
8
4 ...... ......
3
41
16
12
2
3
6
2
141
19
1
17
22
4
58
2
15
67
115
106
92
208
19
0)
30
24
10
7
9
1
R hode Island
7
51
2
47
1
11
2
2
110
19
2
N ew York
290
0)
<*)
LABOR
149
...._
2
5
3
1
1
16
1
O
F
39
T o t a l __ . . . . . . . . . ____
9
1
2
19
HOURS
$0,466
.349
.475
.475
.246
.446
.446
AN
D
5
63
19
4
17
5
36
12
5
18
1
3
5
9
3
8
3
8
WAGES
Sewers, male:
CnrmAftttont
. ..........
M assaohiisett-s
New Jersey __ _
____
New York ____ __ ____________
N orth Carolina.- ________________
Pennsylvania
- ___
____________ ______
N um ber of employees whose earnings per hour were—
N um N um A ver
ber of ber of
age
25,
estab em
30, | 35, | 40,
70,
90
earn
50,
60,
80,
16, j 18, | 20,
10,
$1, $1.10,1 $1.25
lish ploy ings per under under under, under under under under under under under under under under under cents,! under |
under and
16
20
25
30
45
12
18
35
40
50
60
70
80
90 under $1.10 $1.25 over
ments
ees
hour
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents $1.00
8
3
15
1
1
31
1
Pennsylvania....................
Rhode Island....................
Total...............................
T otal................. .............
.353
41
260
71
48
156
56
4
7
12
6
10
3
116
559
45
30
15
87
46
45
2
15
.480
.356
.492
.444
.287
.467
.422
.304
931
.447
7
13
" 1 3 " "1 3 "
37
46
3
2
” 12’
26
4
5
27
141
139
136
11
17
36
13
14
1
4
35
8
3
294
218
110
46
20
16
'1 8 '
10
’ io‘
20
16
103
0)
.284
29
29
0)
48
0)
72
4
.350
49
"T
11
67
2
11
11
16
1
336
15
0)
.351
.349
10
18
0)
12
79
0)
39
6
0)
30
71
43
3
105
46
15
1
12
14
2
14
14
1930
385
13
11
47
26
TEXTILES,
Total........ ............ ..........
3
7
11
17
46
6
20
160
.290
0)
287
2
8
1
35
8
4
O
F
0)
30
128
1
.405
Total.............................. .
.474
.357
.496
.465
.264
.426
.446
.301
800
Yarn winders, female:
N ew Jersey........................
N orth Carolina_________
Pennsylvania______ ____
1 Data included in total.
26
FINISHING
T otal................... ...........
Yarn winders, male:
Massachusetts................. .
N orth Carolina............... .
3
7
13
2
14
A D
N
Washer tenders, male:
Connecticut......................
M assachusetts................
New Jersey_____________
New Y o r k .........................
North Carolina............... .
Pennsylvania....................
R hode Island.................. .
South Carolina........ ........
14
.278
.395
DYEING
Truckers, male:
Connecticut......................
Massachusetts..................
N ew Jersey_____________
New Y ork ______ _______
N orth Carolina_________
Pennsylvania....................
Rhode Island............. ......
South Carolina.................
7
26
to
28
T
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
able
C . — Average and classified full-time hours per week in 12 specified occupations,
1930, by sex and State
Number of employees whose full-time hours in
week were—
N um Num Aver
age
ber of ber of
full
Occupation, sex, and State estab em
time
lish ploy hours Un
ments ees in week der
48
Calender tenders, male:
Connecticut__________
Massachusetts________
N ew J ersey_____ - ___
N ew Y o r k ______ - ___
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina_______
3
8
15
9
16
7
10
4
35
105
108
61
39
19
123
47
53.5
48.9
49.6
48.9
54.5
53.3
53.0
55.0
Total............................
72
537
51.4
Dryer tenders, male:
Connecticut__________
Massachusetts________
New Jersey___________
New York____________
North flarolina _
Pennsylvania
Island
South Carolina_______
5
7
15
8
23
10
10
4
33
158
317
66
45
48
27
53.2
48.4
51.6
48.5
55.1
53.0
52.2
55.0
804
51.2
32
no
Total............................
82
Dryer tenders, female:
N ew Jersey.__________
N ew York____________
2
1
Total............................
3
47
Dyeing-machine tenders,
male:
Connecticut__________
M assachusetts________
N ew Jersey___________
N ew York____________
North Carolina_______
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina_______
4
8
16
8
36
11
10
3
35
157
819
56
169
172
166
44
52.5
48.7
48.9
48.7
55.1
53.1
52.4
55.0
6
5
<9
92
41
31
19
193
14
55
4
8
151
191
31
6
19
25
4
11
402
142
678
8
11
34
11
3
57
32
91
114
24
8
8
2
13
17
47
1
2
5
15
2
44
24
7
2
3
4
7
55
12
3
62
42
10
7
27
39
28
89
108
16
2
5
15
8
43
5
4
7
40
1
16
57
24
84
11
8
11
16
124
296
11
69
9
1
18
6
32
911
45
73
5
107
18
27
4
7
10
11
3
2
29
7
22
4
48
43
1
19
30
30
47
61
118
16
9
Total............................
57
456
51.3
12
174
Folders, female:
Massachusetts............ .
N ew Jersey____ ______
N ew Y ork____ _______
North Carolina_______
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode Island................
South Carolina_______
5
12
1
4
2
3
2
53
139
48.0
48.5
4
53
110
<9
<9
4
11
15
3
(9
55.0
53.0
51.4
55.0
24
3
9
1
7
5
4
176
17
34
157
62
5
44
34
49
52.9
49.0
50.4
48.5
54.8
52.8
52.3
55.0
9
12
1
16
7
12
14
125
53
53
47
38
96
30
1
2
35
14
5
8
3
8
6
8
12
7
9
4
1Data included in total.
13
2
15
50.6
49.4
31
(9
32
1,618
247
25
60 Over
60
32
........
96
29
Over
55,
un
der
60
55
6
3
26
27
"T
54
17
4
7
Total............................
Total___ ___________
40
6
4
1
29
Folders, male:
Connecticut__________
M assachusetts________
N ew Jersey___________
N ew York____________
North Carolina_______
Pennsylvania................
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina........ .....
24
4
16
5
1
13
1
7
48.5
<
l)
Over
50,
un
der
54
50
4
48.0
,
Over
48,
un
der
50
48
29
1
2
2
1
24
29
DYEING AND FINISHING OF TEXTILES, 1930
T a b l e C . — Average and classifiedfull-time hours per week in 12 specified occupations
1930, by sex and State— Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours in
week were—
N um N um
ber of ber of
Occupation, sex, and State estab em
lish ploy
ments ees
Inspectors, male:
Total............................
Inspectors, female:
2
6
7
7
8
7
7
2
12
79
165
12
32
13
25
7
54.2
48.1
49.3
48.8
55.0
52.3
51.1
55.0
46
345
50.1
1
5
1
11
2
4
0)
53
60
0)
128
6
11
Rhode Island..
48
78
143
8
Over
48,
un
der
50
50
Over
50,
un 54
der
54
55
10
0)
48.0
48.0
0)
55.2
53.1
54.0
4
N ow Y ork ......................
Aver
age
full
time Un
hours der
in week
48
2
1
1
237
1
6
2
11
32
1
2
7
7
9
23
45
8
5
1
1
2
2
1
4
4
1
1
28
269
51.8
3
5
11
7
9
7
10
5
21
53
100
64
36
14
73
46
53.2
48.5
50.7
48.3
54.7
52.6
51.4
55.0
T o t a l ..........................
57
407
51.2
Mangle tenders, female:
New Jersey.
New York_______ ___
Pennsylvania.___ - _
_
1
1
1
8
(»)
8
(*)
T o t a l ____________ _
3
n
50.4
Printing-machine tenders,
male:
Connecticut_____ ____
Massachusetts__ . . . . _
New Jersey____ ______
New Y ork......................
North Carolina_______
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode Isla n d ________
South C arolina.._____
3
6
6
2
1
3
6
1
16
129
61
17
0)
21
57
(0
53.8
51.2
48.7
49.1
(0
54.8
53.3
(»)
Total____ ______ ___
28
313
51.5
3
5
63
19
4
17
36
54.2
48.5
49.1
49.8
55.6
55.3
54.0
1
149
51.2
1
75
Total____ . . . . . _____
* Data included in total.
5
9
3
8
3
8
39
5
49
36
23
1
11
1
17
1
25
30
133
------17
122
4
8
10
17
6
5
11
3
Sewers, male:
C o n n e c t i c u t ........._
Massachusetts____ ___
N ew Jersey... . . . . . ___
New Y ork____________
North Carolina__ ____
Pennsylvania__. . . . . . .
Rhode I s l a n d .. .. ... . _
122
Over
60
1
1
Total...........................
60
0)
53
59
0)
Mangle tenders, male:
Connecticut__ _ ____
_
Massachusetts________
N ew Jersey__ . . . . ____
New Y ork____________
N orth Carolina__ . . . _
Pennsylvania____ ____
Rhode Island____ . . . . .
South Carolina_______
Over
55,
un
der
60
17
3
30
25 . . . . .
6
6
1
6
4
28
37
18
49
28
122
1
4
3
6 ------
14
I
34
.........
2 ........ 1
5
1
46
i
94
! 18
4
0)
0)
(l)
2
8
1
70
46
3
1
!
1
1 | 16
9
14
11
i
15
38
14
6
7
0)
! 42
1
i
1
4
4
0)
23
1
2 | 16
4
2
95
32
i 11
4
127
59
12
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
15
3
1
6
5
2
1
23
6
3
28
26
6
4
1
1
30
T
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
able
C .— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 12 specified occupations,
1930, by sex and State— Continued
Number of employees whose full-time hours in
week were—
N um N um
ber of ber of
Occupation, sex, and State estab em
lish ploy
ments
ees
Aver
age
full
time Un
hours
in week der
48
Sewers, female:
Connecticut__________
Massachusetts________
New Jersey_____ _____
N ew Y ork......................
North Carolina........... .
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina
3
6
14
9
9
3
9
3
12
117
94
22
196
8
42
13
52.4
48.0
48.5
48.3
54.9
51.5
51.0
55.0
Total______________
56
504
51.4 1
Tenter - frame
male:
48
Over
48,
un
der
50
117
76
10
2
10
5
2
2
6
5 1
1 2
1
i
___ ! _ _ 194 i
1 3 j 1 1
4
17 ! 13
2
4
3
221
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina_______
?4
144
428
56
41
37
121
74
53.0
49.3
49.8
50.6
55.0
54.3
52.6
55.0
Total............................
69
925
51.0
Tenter - frame
tenders,
female:
Connecticut. . . _______
New Jersey___________
New York____________
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode Island________
1
5
1
2
5
0)
83
0)
7
26
0)
49.2
(i)
52.5
53.0
Total________ ______
14
122
50.4
3
7
13
8
6
6
9
4
41
260
133
71
53
48
156
38
53.6
48.5
49.4
48.6
54.7
53.2
51.9
55.0
Total_______________
56
800
50.6
Washer tenders, male:
Connecticut________ _
Massachusetts________
N ew Jersey___________
N ew Y ork_____ ______
North Carolina_______
Pennsylvania__ _
Rhode Island_________
South Carolina_______
4
7
12
9
9
6
10
3
33
116
559
45
30
15
87
46
52.9
48.7
51.2
48.8
55.0
52.8
52.0
55.0
14
16
119
326
24
497
10
54
49
11
5
W
2
49
242
98
49
18
3
11
6
6
3
438
14
19
3
105
403
18
7
16
11
4
3
1
18
0)
56.4
Total_______ - - - - - - _
9
68
56.2
1
8
4
0)
287
89
0)
51.8
52.6
0)
13
385
51.9
25
9
3
6
1
15
3
7
77
50
6
18
38
47
121
130
23
27
4
2
4
11
1
11
16
69
48
25
1
1
1
1
70
51
24
5
4
9
0)
2
62
37
14
4
9
(0
66
5
.... L
29
15
1
8
4
i
2
47
545
2
1
7
!__ __ i
12
17
0)
4
5
5
22
4
1
13
1 9 i
! 37
1 I 3
60 1 16
1 74
3
49
5 I is ! 32
13
2
1
16
I
4
5
x
37 1 75 ! 161
15
51.3
» Data included in total.
10
15
6
28
931
Total______ - _______
14 1
i 22
27
10
2
6
1
10
60
Yarn winders, female:
New Jersey
North Carolina
Pennsylvania _- ___
215
5 j 26
9
2
2
Yarn winders, male:
Massachusetts_____ _
North Carolina__ - ___
Total............................|
1
1
18
7
Over
60
1
7
60
1
4
7
13
8
16
7
9
5
Truckers, male:
Connecticut__________
Massachusetts__ _
New Jersey_______ _ _
New Y ork________ _ _
North Carolina_______
Pennsylvania_________
Rhode I s la n d .__
South Carolina_____
Over
55,
un
der
60
55
tenders,
N ew Jersey___________
N ew York____________
North Carolina . ..... ..
Over
50,
un
der
54
54
50
18
3
49
6
46
j
76 | 104
7
1
33
26 1
7
33 1
I----26 |
1
32
36
32
36
219
12
16
219
61
12
61
