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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
JAMES J. DAVIS, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ETHELBERT STEWART, Commissioner
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS /
WAGES
AND
HOURS
OF
LABOR
J AO
W Oe 4 5 fO
SERIES
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR
IN THE BOOT AND SHOE
INDUSTRY
1910 TO 1928
SEPTEMBER, 1929
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1929
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.
-
Price 20 cents
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction and summary___________________________________________
Table 1.— Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to
1928, by department, occupation, sex, and year_________________
Average hours and earnings, 1926 and 1928, by States_________________
Average and classified earnings per hour_________________ ____________
Regular or customary hours of operation______________________________
Changes in wage rates since July 1, 1926______________________________
Pay for overtime------------------------------------------------------------------------------Bonus systems______________________________________________________
Days worked by employees, 1928_____________________________________
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, 1923 to 1928___________
Importance of the industry__________________________________________
Scope and method----------------------------------------------------------------------------Occupations in the industry__________________________________________
General tables:
T able A.— Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1928, by occu
pation, sex, and State_________________________________________
T able B.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified
occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State_______________
T able C.— Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14
specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State_______
T able D.— Average and classified hours actually worked in one week
in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State. _
T able E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 14
specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State......... .
in
1
3
17
18
26
31
32
32
33
34
35
37
38
41
67
75
80
88
BULLETIN OF THE
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
n o . 498
WASHINGTON
S e p t e m b e r , 1929
WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR IN THE BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
1910 TO 1928
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
This report presents all the details of the results of a study by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of wages and hours of labor of wage
earners in the boot and shoe industry in the United States in 1928.
Summaries of the 1928 average full-time hours per week, of average
earnings per hour, and of average full-time earnings per week are
presented in Table 1 for the industry as a whole, for each of the
principal occupations in the industry, and also for a group of mis
cellaneous employees which is listed as “ Other employees.” Aver
ages for the industry and for the occupations are also shown for each
01 the years from 1910 to 1926 in which studies of the industry have
been made by the bureau. Index numbers of these averages have
been computed with the 1913 average as the base, or 100 per cent, and
are also presented in the table.
Average full-time hours per week for the industry were 49.1 in 1928
and 49.0 in 1926, an increase of 0.1 hour per week in two years; aver
age earnings per hour were 53 cents in 1928 and 52.8 cents in 1926, an
increase of 0.2 cents per hour; and average full-time earnings per week
were $26.02 in 1928 and $25.87 in 1926, an increase of only 15 cents per
week in two years. The industry averages for the years from 1910 to
1914 are for the selected occupations only and are comparable one
year with another. The averages for the years from 1914 to 1928
for all occupations are comparable one year with another, but are not
comparable with the averages for selected occupations.
Average full-time hours per week of males in 1928 in the various
occupations range from 45.4 for folders to 52 for machine turn lasters,
and of females range from 48.1 for machine heel builders to 52 for hand
heel builders.
Average earnings per hour of males in 1928 range from 38.8 cents
for hand heel builders to 89 cents for Goodyear welters, and of females
range from 31.8 cents for table workers to 50.5 cents for vampers.
Average full-time earnings per week of males in 1928 range from
$18.22 for lacers (before packing) to $43.61 for Goodyear welters, and
of females from $15.36 for table workers to $25.00 for assemblers
for pulling-over machine. Average full-time earnings per week of
females exceed those of males in only 1 of the 31 occupations for which
figures are shown for both sexes, the difference being 94 cents for
1
2
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
heel builders, hand. In 30 of the 31 occupations the average full
time earnings per week of males exceed those of females, the difference
ranging from $2.46 for heel builders, machine, and sock-liners to
$17.48 for top stitchers.
The 1928 averages for the industry are for a total of 28,312 males
and 20,346 females of 157 representative shoe factories in 14 States.
The States, according to the 1925 United States Census of Manu
factures, employed 197,820 wage earners, or 95.6 per cent of the total
in the United States in that year. The number included in the 1928
study was 24.5 per cent of the number in the 14 States and 23.5 per
cent of the total in all States.
The index numbers for the industry are for the purpose of making
easy comparison one year with another over the entire period from
1910 to 1928. The indexes for selected occupations are for the years
from 1910 to 1914 and are simple percentages with the 1913 average
as the base. Those for all occupations are for each of the years from
1916 to 1928 and were computed by increasing or decreasing the 1914
index for selected occupations in proportion to the increase or de
crease in the average for all occupations as between 1914 and the
specified succeeding year.
Average full-time hours per week for the industry decreased from an
index of 102.7 in 1910 to 88.2 in 1920, then gradually increased to
89.2 in 1928. The decrease between 1913 and 1920 was 11.8 per cent.
The average increased 1 per cent between 1920 and 1928.
Average earnings per hour increased from an index of 92 in 1910 to
93.9 in 1911, decreased to 92.6 in 1912, increased to 232 in 1920,
dropped to 207.9 in 1922, and increased to 220.3 in 1928.
The wage peak of the industry was reached in 1920 when average
hourly earnings were two and one-third times those of 1913, as shown
by index numbers. Between 1920 and 1922 average hourly earnings
decreased about 10 per cent. Since the depression period which
occurred immediately after the peak in 1920, each year has shown a
steady increase. The increase in hourly earnings between 1922 and
1928 was approximately 6 per cent.
Average full-time earnings per week increased from an index of
94.1 in 1910 to 95.8 in 1911, decreased to 93.2 in 1912, increased to
203.7 in 1920, decreased to 184.7 in 1922 and increased to 196.6 in
1928. The increase between 1913 and 1920 was 103.7 per cent and
the net decrease between 1920 and 1928 was 3.5 per cent. Average
full-time earnings per week, however, did not increase or decrease in
the same proportion as average earnings per hour because of the
change from year to year in average full-time hours per week.
3
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b le
1,—Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
age
full
full earn
ber of
of time
time Full Earn Full
Year estab ber
time
ings
earn
wage
time
lish
hours per
earn
ings hours ings
ments earners per
ings
per
hour
per
per
week
per
week week hour
week
Occupation and sex
THE INDUSTRY
Selected occupations only..
1910
1911
1912
1913
11914
U914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
All occupations..
81
81
88
91
91
136
143
117
104
106
154
157
10.581
15, C28
19,405
19,911
18,567
49,376
60,692
58,321
51,247
47,361
45,460
52,697
48,658
56.5 $0
56.3
55.5
55.0
54.6
54.7
54.6
52.3
48.6
48.7
49.0
49.0
49.1
$16.07
16.37
15.91
17.08
17.11
13.26
14.11
17.54
26.97
24.45
25.28
25.87
26.02
102.7
102.4
100.9
99.3
92.0
93.9
92.6
100.0
101.0
94.1
95.8
93.2
100.0
100.2
99.1
94.9
88.2
88.4
88.9
88.9
89.2
.107.5
i 139.7
232.0
! 207.9
I 214.1
I 219.1
j 220.3
106.6
132.5
203.7
1847
190.9
195.4
196.6
100.0
CUTTING DEPARTMENT
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand:
Male..............................................
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, ma
chine:
Male.................................. - ...........
Female..
Cutters, trimmings, hand (including
dinkers and blockers):
Male...............................................
Female..
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
48
64
71
71
75
113
114
91
84
88
108
110
1,650
2,066
1,995
1,987
1,812
2,355
2,319
2,050
1,915
2,009
2,129
1,777
56.3 $0,319 $17.86
56.2
.313 17.50
55.0
.322 17.58
54.5
.351 19.05
54.0
.366 19.66
53.9
.375 20.12
52.0
.484 25.06
47.8
.829 40.29
48.3
.787 38.11
48.4
.838 40.56
48.9
.808 39.51
48.6
.824 40.05
103.3
103.1
100.9
100.0
99.1
98.9
95.4
87.7
88.6
88.8
89.7
89.2
90.9
89.2
91.7
100.0
104.3
106.8
137.9
236.2
224.2
238.7
230.2
234.8
93.8
91.9
92.3
100.0
103.2
105.6
131.5
211.5
200.1
212.9
207.4
210.2
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
17
20
33
33
40
67
66
56
48
54
54
59
235
270
490
549
642
1,059
1,202
942
867
777
782
882
57.8
57.0
55.8
55.3
55.3
54.9
52.2
48.9
49.2
49.9
49.4
48.7
.301
.313
.313
.323
.325
.331
.444
.806
.647
.687
.658
.669
17.23
17.69
17.36
17.77
17.93
18.07
23.04
37.94
31.99
34.28
32.51
32.58
104.5
103.1
100.9
100.0
100.0
99.3
94.4
88.4
89.0
90.2
89.3
88.0
93.2
96.9
96.9
100.0
100.6
102.5
137.5
249.5
200.3
212.7
203.7
207.1
97.0
99.5
97.7
100.0
100.9
101.7
129.7
213.5
180.0
192.9
182.9
183.3
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
10
8
4
15
10
73
62
45
58
43
53.8
52.5
53.2
49.9
50.3
.393
.433
.310
.501
.471
21.69
23.51
16.49
25.00
23.69
1920
1922
1924
1026
ft 28
87
79
85
95
101
884
747
736
837
733
48.0
48.2
48.8
49.3
48.9
0.452
,460
.485
.516
.530
22.27
22.02
23.67
25.44
25.92
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
11
7
6
9
6
38
42
29
26
19
50.1
48.0
52.1
49.2
49.7
.284
.299
.348
.404
.363
13.98
14.82
18.13
19.88
18.04
i Two sets of averages are shown for this year—one for selected occupations and the other for alt occupations
in the industry. The 1910 to 1914 averages for selected occupations are comparable one year with another,
as are those for all occupations one year with another from 1914 to 1928.
4
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b le
1.— Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sea;, and year—Continued
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
age
full earn
ber of
of time
time Full Earn Full
Year estab ber
time
wage hours
ings earn time
lish
earn
per
ings hours ings
ments earners per
ings
per
per
per
per
week hour week
week hour week
Occupation and sex
CUTTING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Cutters, trimmings, machine:.
Male__ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
37
30
42
47
50
163
116
187
173
259
49.1 $0,425 $21.20
.398 20.05
50.3
50.3
.400 20.12
49.8
.439 21.86
49.9
.436 21.76
Female. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Skivere, upper:
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
12
7
10
18
9
66
37
47
74
36
50.7
49.8
49.9
49.0
49.4
.273
.323
.280
.378
.372
13.77
16.20
13.97
18.52
18.38
12
28
32
32
29
32
23
29
31
29
37
34
74
136
156
134
116
124
96
87
77
100
96
98
54.7
54.8
54.7
54.5
54.4
54.6
50.9
48.1
47.6
48.0
48.4
48.1
.288
.292
.282
.299
.299
.311
.423
.596
.595
.619
.668
.653
15.80
15.98
15.41
16.23
16.13
16.93
21.55
28.58
28.48
29.71
32.33
31.41
100.4
100.6
100.4
100.0
99.8
100.2
93.4
88.3
87.3
88.1
88.8
88.3
96.3
97.7
94.3
100.0
100.0
104.0
141.5
199.3
199.0
207.0
223.4
218.4
97.4
98.5
94.9
100.0
99.4
104.3
132.8
176.1
175.5
183.1
199.2
193.5
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
49
60
67
67
77
113
121
105
94
89
113
110
338
374
371
439
446
591
697
611
539
474
552
541
57.0
57.0
55.0
54.6
54.1
54.0
51.7
48.748.6
49.0
48.9
49.1
.175
.176
.193
.209
.209
.209
.267
.434
.430
.472
.486
.458
9.94
9.97
10.58
11.38
11.30
11.26
14.73
21.47
20.84
23.12
23.77
22.49
104.4
104.4
100.7
100.0
99.1
98.9
94.7
89.2
89.0
89.7
89.6
89.9
83.7
84.2
92.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
127.8
207.7
205.7
225.8
232.5
219.1
87.3
87.6
93.0
100.0
99.3
98.9
129.4
188.7
183.1
203.2
208.9
197.6
58
66
73
85
91
233
229
285
373
338
47.8
48.0
48.4
49.1
48.7
.665
.684
.585
.642
.649
32.88
32.82
28.31
31.52
31.61
Female_____ - ________ __________ 1926
1928
6
3
42
6
48.9
49.7
.307
.416
15.01
20.68
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
48
42
48
54
54
111
98
133
197
179
49.2
49.6
49.2
49.0
49.2
.561
.552
.577
.523
.566
27.82
27.58
28.39
25.63
27.85
Female............................................ 1928
4
7
49.7
.334
16.60
102.2
102.2
101.4
100.0
99.3
98.7
94.0
87.4
87.5
87.4
87.7
89.0
90.4
91.7
92.7
100.0
99.7
101.3
133.7
236.3
233.0
241.3
236,3
236.3
92.5
94.1
94.4
100.0
99.7
100.3
125.9
208.4
204.3
212.0
208.5
211.5
Cutters, linings, hand:
Male______ — - ___ ___ . . . ______ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Cutters, linings, machine:
Male___________________ _______
SOLE-LEATHER DEPARTMENT
Cutters, outsole:
Male................................................ 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
31
36
42
42
47
64
76
60
52
53
70
60
143
146
177
196
225
345
416
331
264
269
273
285
56.6 $0,274 $15.44
.278 15.70
56.6
.281 15.75
56.2
.303 16.69
55.4
55.0
.302 16.64
54.7
.307 16.74
52.1
.405 21.02
48.4
.716 34.79
48.5
.706 34.09
48.4
.731 35.38
48.6
.716 34.80
49.3
.716 35.30
5
INTRODUCTION AND STJMMABY
T able
1.— Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year— Continued
Occupation and sex
Index
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
age
full
full earn
ber of
of time
time Full
Year estab ber
time
ings
wage
earn
lish
hours per
ings hours
ments earners per
per
hour
per
week
week week
numbers of—
Full
Earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
SOLE-LEATHER DEPARTMENT—Continued
Cutters, insole:
Male__ ______ ____ _____________
Rounders, outsole or insole:
Male____ - ___________ _
FelDftle.............. . ~r
1920
1922
1924
l 926
1928
40
43
38
43
54
184
193
298
217
349
48.4 $0,694 $33.55
48.3
.680 32.77
48.4
.709 34.32
48.8
.640 31.23
49.2
.644 31.68
1920
im
1924
1936
1928
1920
73
76
80
103
89
8
161
158
153
182
166
12
48.8
48.9
49.1
49.1
49.8
48.5
.576
.563
.591
.629
.627
.411
28.21
27.48
29.02
30.88
31.22
19.90
192?
1924
1926
4
3
2
5
5
4
48.8
49.1
52.5
.268
.443
.592
13.04
21.75
31.08
44
57
72
75
77
107
122
108
89
88
100
93
138
157
200
196
213
255
268
240
198
207
199
193
56.3
56.3
55.9
55.4
55.2
55.0
52.5
48.8
49.3
49.1
48.9
49.5
.296
.289
.298
.333
.331
.340
.430
.696
.649
.669
.709
.681
16.61
16.21
16.62
18.42
18.24
18.69
22.42
34.23
32.02
32.85
34.67
33.71
47
43
33
32
33
232
364
265
106
131
49.0
48.5
48.3
48.5
48.4
.513
.537
.512
.515
.517
24.95
25.99
24.73
24.98
25.02
15
15
14
10
11
58
49
21
18
32
50.1
50.4
50.1
49.8
51.6
.568
.495
.506
.483
.388
28.44
24.74
24.35
24.05
20.02
8
9
7
8
5
60
34
20
19
23
46.8
48.0
48.6
50.0
52.0
.415
.429
.477
.500
.403
19.40
20.46
23.18
25.00
20.96
37
33
24
24
23
90
119
70
47
97
49.2
48.9
48.6
48.7
48.7
.470
.497
.516
.527
.498
23.19
24.29
25.08
25.66
24.25
16
17
17
18
13
90
214
157
93
124
47.3
48.3
48.2
48.2
48.1
.407
.411
.442
.466
.453
19.38
19.85
21.30
22.46
21.79
Ohannelers, outsole or insole:
Male............................................... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Cutters, top and heel lifts, machine:
Male__________________________ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Heel builders, hand:
Male___________ . . . . _____ _____ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Female_____________ . . . ________ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Heel builders, machine (including
compressors):
Male................ ............................... 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Female__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
101.6
101.6
100.9
100.0
99.6
99.3
94.8
88.1
89.0
88.6
88.3
89.4
88.9
86.8
89.5
100.0
99.4
102.1
129.1
209.0
194.9
200.9
212.9
204.5
90.2
88.0
90.2
100.0
99.0
101.5
121.7
185.8
173.8
178.3
188.2
183.0
6
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b le
1.— Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year—Continued
Occupation and sex
Index
Aver Aver- Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
full
ber of
time Full
Year estab ber of time
mgs
earn
time
lish
hours per
ings hours
ments
per
hour
per
per
week
week week
numbers of—
Full
Earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
FITTING OK STITCHING DEPARTMENT
Stampers, linings or uppers (including
markers):
Male.....................................
Female..
Cementers and doublers, hand and
machine (including reinforcers,
pasters, and fitters):
Male.............................................. .
Female..
Folders, hand and machine:
Male................................
Female..
Perforators:
Male___
Female..
T ip stitchers:
Female....
Closers or seamers:
Male..................
Female..
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
12
11
15
15
7
91
90
92
121
123
19
14
28
34
15
281
426
444
670
570
48.1 $0,424 $20.59
49.4
.411 20.36
49.6
.407 20.19
49.2
.434 21.35
48.0
.621 29.81
48.0
.393 19.02
48.6
.369 17.87
46.6
.380 17.71
48.8
.386 18.84
48.9
.400 19.56
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
14
8
12
18
5
107
89
95
118
124
21
29
24
42
9
1,133
913
1,031
1,426
1,318
47.5
48.2
47.8
50.8
46.2
48.6
48.5
49.1
49.3
49.3
.453
.528
.585
.374
.636
.353
.337
.328
.340
.330
21.78
25.45
27.96
19.00
29.38
17.29
16.36
16.10
16.76
16.27
1922
1924
1926
1928
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
5
6
10
11
74
71
93
121
119
20
38
61
51
769
826
840
1,002
928
47.8
47.3
45.0
45.4
48.4
48.4
48.7
48.7
48.8
.715
.709
.957
.808
.419
.413
.420
.453
.416
33.42
33.54
43.07
36.68
20.43
19.86 ,
20.45
22.06
20.30
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
16
28
16
12
18
82
84
90
102
96
36
79
79
83
124
125
106
92
86
84
69
10
8
5
7
8
97
92
98
119
117
22
60
42
30
34
218
422
295
372
269
134
335
337
348
442
437
355
362
284
327
260
19
12
11
21
16
441
409
383
413
379
48.5
49.0
48.4
48.2
48.3
48.2
48.3
49.4
49.5
49.4
55.8
54.9
54.7
54.2
54.0
51.8
48.7
48.6
48.9
48.7
48.8
47.6
48.2
48.4
47.9
47.8
48.8
49.1
49.3
49.3
49.5
.510
.482
.512
.614
.648
.434
.444
.430
.441
.424
.205
.208
.219
.219
.231
.288
.447
.424
.475
.480
.440
.628
.487
.496
.633
.624
.396
.370
.397
.403
.407
24.44
23.68
24.78
29.59
31.30
21.19
21.43
21.24
21.83
20.95
11.38 102.0
11.36 100.4
11.94 100.0
99.1
11.87
98.7
12.45
94.7
14.86
89.0
21.77
88.8
20.68
89.4
23.23
23.38
89.0
89.2
21.47
30.72
22.88 ,
24.00
30.32
29.83
19.48
18.23
19.57
19.87
20.15
93.6
95.0
100.0
100.0
105.5
131.5
204.1
193.6
216.9
219.2
200.9
95.3
95.1
100.0
99.4
104.3
124.5
182.3
173.2
194.6
195.8
179.8
7
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
Table 1*—Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year—Continued
Occupation and sex
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver AverNum Num
age
age
full
Full
ber of
time Full
Year estab ber of time earn
time
ings
earn time Earn
lish
hours per
ings
earn
ings hours per
per
ments
ings
per
per
hour
week hour week
per
week
FITTING OR STITCHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Seam rubbers, hand and machine:
Male...........................................
Female..
Lining makers (including lining
closers and side and top facing
stitchers):
Female................ ...........................
Closers on:
Female..
Top stitchers (including undertrim
mers and barber trimmers):
Male..............................................
Female..
Binders (including top banders):
Female.....................................
48.7 $0,404 $19.23
47.6
.348 16.48
48.4
.407 19.70
48.1
.481 23.14
.408 19.58
48.0
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
16
18
15
14
13
28
26
20
21
20
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
69
49
53
62
50
157
99
88
100
106
49.1
48.5
47.8
48.9
49.3
.304
.302
.323
.341
.346
15.21
14.79
15.44
16.67
17.06
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
53
72
80
80
84
126
132
112
97
100
124
129
585
721
764
854
852
1,004
1,138
1,149
1,055
1,012
1,170
1,046
56.5
56.5
55.0
54.6
54.1
53.9
51.5
48.6
48.8
49.3
49.3
49.2
.164
.166
.170
.190
.189
.198
.241
.378
.362
.369
.413
.398
9.19
9.28
9.31
10.38
10.21
10.69
12.35
18.40
17.71
18.19
20.36
19.58
103.5
103.5
100.7
100.0
99.1
98.7
94.3
89.0
89.4
90.3
90.3
90.1
86.3
87.4
89.5
100.0
99.5
104.2
126.8
198.9
190.5
194.2
217.4
209.5
88.5
89.4
89.7
100.0
98.4
103.0
119.0
177.3
170.6
175.2
196.1
188.6
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
49
65
74
74
77
83
90
47
35
22
13
3
262
350
344
349
347
360
351
133
129
63
27
7
57.1
56.9
55.0
54.4
53.9
53.6
52.0
49.4
50.2
49.5
50.3
49.1
.178
.180
.186
.194
.193
.204
.237
.358
.394
.415
.336
.382
10.13
10.18
10.17
10.53
10.42
10.95
12.28
17.98
19.88
20.55
16.90
18.76
105.0
104.6
101.1
100.0
99.1
98.5
95.6
90.8
92.3
91.0
92.5
90.3
91.8
92.8
95.8
100.0
99.5
105.2
122.2
184.5
203.1
213.9
173.2
196.9
96.2
96.7
96.6
100.0
99.0
104.0
116.6
170.8
188.8
195.2
160.5
178.2
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
16
19
21
27
30
57
64
78
90
132
48.0
48.1
47.9
47.1
47.9
.639
.657
.675
.773
.830
30.74
31.59
32.33
36.41
39.76
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
53
73
82
82
86
128
135
112
100
97
121
124
721
911
1,033
1,070
1,076
1,427
1,364
1,187
1,195
1,184
1,469
1,399
56.3
56.9
54.9
54.6
54.2
54.0
51.6
48.5
48.8
49.3
49.3
49.4
.188
.194
.198
.210
.212
.220
.285
.448
.433
.462
.486
.451
10.69
10.95
10.81
11.47
11.48
11.87
14.57
21.94
21.16
22.77
23.96
22.28
103.1
104.2
100.5
100.0
99.3
98.9
94.5
88.8
89.4
90.3
90.3
90.5
89.5
92.4
94.3
100.0
101.0
104.8
135.7
213.3
206.2
220.0
231.4
214.8
93.2
95.5
94.2
100.0
100.1
103.5
127.0
191.3
184.5
198.5
208.9
194.2
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
36
49
65
88
92
141
257
361
461
534
50.3
49.3
49.1
49.2
49.2
.455
.485
.478
.560
.492
23.03
23.75
23.47
27.55
24.21
8
T a b le
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
1.—Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department occupation, sex, and year—Continued
Occupation and sex
Index
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
age
full earn
ber of
of time
time Full
Year estab ber
earn
time
ings
wage
lish
hours per
ings hours
ments earners per
per
per
hour
week
week week
numbers of—
Full
Earn time
ings earn
ings
per
hour
per
week
F IT T IN G O B S T IT C H IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Buttonhole makers:
Female.............. ......... .................... 1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Button fasteners:
Female................... ....................... 1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Eyeleters (including hookers):
M ale_____________ - __ . . . . . . . . . . 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
33
74
74
80
113
82
46
47
44
65
57
108
468
517
506
466
140
70
83
66
110
81
56.3 $0,176
.180
55.1
54.7
.194
.198
53.9
53.8
.217
.262
52.2
49.3
.391
.369
49.6
49.3
.380
.444
49.1
49.2
.401
$9.83
9.87
10.60
10.70
11.65
13.62
19.48
18.20
18.73
21.80
19.73
102.9
100.7
100.0
98.5
98.4
95.4
90.1
90.7
90.1
89.8
89.9
90.7
92.8
100.0
102.1
111.9
135.1
201.5
190.2
195.9
228.9
206.7
92.7
93.1
100.0
100.9
109.9
128.5
183.8
171.7
176.7
205.7
186.1
26
72
72
66
94
64
33
44
38
49
30
55
205
232
198
195
102
44
76
68
80
48
56.4
55.3
54.8
53.7
53.8
52.7
48.4
49.2
49.4
50.0
49.8
.157
.177
.199
.197
.211
.230
.386
.338
.332
.389
.352
8.88
9.78
10.95
10.57
11.32
12.06
18.56
16.51
16.40
19.45
17.53
102.9
100.9
100.0
98.0
98.2
96.2
88.3
89.8
90.1
91.2
90.9
78.9
88.9
100.0
99.0
106.0
115.6
194.0
169.8
166.8
195.5
176.9
81.1
89.3
100.0
96.5
103.4
110.1
169.5
150.8
149.8
177.6
160.1
31
31
33
39
36
75
73
68
74
59
48.4
48.3
49.2
49.0
48.8
.582
.514
.578
.557
.588
28.08
24.64
28.44
27.29
28.69
fem ale_________. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Vampers:
M ale. _. _____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
92
92
71
69
66
62
223
232
160
119
128
110
51.7
48.7
49.2
49.1
48.7
49.7
.268
.442
.415
.444
.473
.435
13.64
21.61
20.26
21.80
23.04
21.62
33
51
66
66
65
82
83
55
52
49
63
54
263
343
483
554
534
624
573
400
357
304
294
270
55.5
55.5
55.0
54.8
54.6
54.6
51.5
47.9
47.8
48.2
48.2
48.2
.293
.315
.306
.320
.312
.333
.442
.700
.628
.707
.741
.727
16.24
17.42
16.76
17.47
17.04
18.14
22.73
33.85
30.09
34.08
35.72
35.04
101.3
101.3
100.4
100.0
99.6
99.6
94.0
87.4
87.2
88.0
88.0
88.0
91.6
98.4
95.6
100.0
97.5
104.1
138.1
218.8
196.3
220.9
231.6
227.2
93.0
99.7
95.9
100.0
97.5
103.8
130.1
193.8
172.2
195.1
204.5
200.6
Female........................................... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Barrers (including tackers):
Female........................................... 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
53
71
79
79
85
121
132
111
98
99
123
119
863
1,124
1,088
1,072
1,116
1,383
1,477
1,313
1,142
1,053
1,170
1,022
56.9
56.5
55.1
54.7
54.1
53.9
51.7
48.8
49.0
49.4
49.1
49.3
.238
.238
.230
.246
.243
.254
.312
.506
.480
.519
.531
.505
13.46
13.46
12.68
13.45
13.14
13.66
16.11
25.09
23.54
25.64
26.07
24.90
104.0
103.3
100.7
100.0
98.9
98.5
94.5
89.2
89.6
90.3
89.8
90.1
96.7
96.7
93.5
100.0
98.8
103.3
126.8
205.7
195.1
211.0
215.9
205.3
100.1
100.1
94.3
100.0
97.7
101.6
119.8
186.5
175.0
190.6
193.8
185.1
69
64
62
57
39
138
110
106
96
57
48.5
48.7
49.1
49.5
49.5
.388
.368
.393
.389
.393
19.21
17.93
19.30
19.26
19.45
9
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b le
1*—Average
hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year—Continued
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
age
Num Num
full
age
full
ber of
of time earn time Full Earn FuUtime
Year estab ber
wage
ings
earn
time
lish
earn
hours per
ings hours ings
per
ings
ments earners per
per
per
week hour week
per
week hour week
Occupation and sex
FITTING OB STITCHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Tongue stitchers:
F em ale..-________ _____ ____
1990
1QV2
W4
W6
1928
69
63
62
68
66
194
205
159
223
203
48.8 $0,343 $16.95
48.7
.362 17.75
49.0
.413 20.24
48.8
.401 19.57
49.0
.386 18.91
1928
16
20
46
135
47.4
47.2
.763
.778
36.17
36.72
19?0
1922
1924
1926
1928
43
75
86
112
124
179
764
1,467
2,398
2,534
47.7
48.6
49.1
49.4
49.4
.459
.444
.451
.452
.423
22.50
21.54
22.14
22.33
20.90
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
49
67
78
78
82
125
124
98
83
67
85
77
307
392
426
389
432
575
560
428
402
267
337
279
56.6
56.5
55.1
54.7
54.3
54.0
51.9
48.7
48.8
49.2
48.8
49.1
.177
.185
.187
.195
.197
.213
.261
.417
.378
.413
.433
.419
9.95
10.42
10.31
10.62
10.68
11.47
13.49
20.52
18.47
20.32
21.13
20.57
47
86
80
98
88
332
797
700
893
672
47.3
48.7
48.6
48.4
48.3
.327
.285
.302
.303
.318
15.78
13.85
14.68
14.67
15.36
9
8
7
7
6
14
12
13
10
6
48.1
47.8
48.0
48.6
49.7
.441
.325
.430
.356
.428
21.48
14.39
20.64
17.30
21.27
86
71
67
72
83
193
142
124
112
128
48.5
48.5
49.3
48.9
49.3
.348
.367
.399
.386
.373
16.94
17.86
19.67
18.88
18.39
Fancy stitchers:
_____ _____ _
r .
Backstay stitchers (including back
strappers):
Female............................................
Table workers:
Female____ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Lacers (before lasting):
Male____________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Female__________ . . . . . . . . . _____
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
103.5
103.3
100.7
100.0
99.3
98.7
94.9
89.0
89.2
89.9
89.2
89.8
90.8
94.9
95.9
100.0
101.0
109.2
133.8
213.8
193.8
211.8
222.1
214.9
93.7
98.1
97.1
100.0
100.6
108.0
127.0
193.2
173.9
191.3
199.0
193.7
100.0
100.7
100.0
99.8
99.3
94.9
87.7
88.4
89.0
88.6
88.4
100.7
87.5
100.0
102.6
107.0
146.3
234.6
208.5
203.7
219.1
212.1
100.9
88.0
100.0
102.4
106.7
138.9
209.8
186.1
181.9
194.9
188.3
LASTING DEPARTMENT
Last pickers or sorters (including
loot C
AO
CA1roj»
*q\*
laol
clotS
Male__________________________
Assemblers, for pulling-over ma
chine:
Male______ ____________________
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
72
81
85
106
105
271
238
262
291
245
48.3 $0,456 $22.05
48.8
.426 20.78
48.3
.455 21.98
49.2
.491 24.16
49.3
.477 23.52
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
17
50
54
64
97
102
88
70
81
113
116
218
542
597
708
801
726
691
593
421
541
537
55.4
55.8
55.4
55.3
55.0
52.6
48.6
49.0
49.3
49.1
49,0
.274
.238
.272
.279
.291
.398
.638
.567
.554
.596
.577
15.14
13.21
15.01
15.37
16.02
20.85
31.49
27.94
27.31
29.26
28.27
10
T a b le
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
1.— Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year—Continued
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
age
full earn
ber of
of time
time FuU- Earn FuUYear estab ber
time
earn
wage
ings
time
lish
hours per
ings hours ings earn
ments earners per
ings
per
per
per
week hour week week
hour
per
week
Occupation and sex
LASTING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Assemblers, for pulling-over ma
chine—Continued.
Female________________________
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Pullers-over, hand:
Male.......................... ..................... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Pullers-over, machine:
Male__________________________ 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Side lasters, hand:
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Side lasters, machine:
1913
Male................... ...........................
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Bed-machine operators:
Male__________________________ 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
23
15
8
9
10
77
58
33
36
26
48.5 $0,500 $24.20
49.0
.434 21.35
50.0
.399 19.95
49.6
.422 20.93
49.9
.501 25.00
35
45
52
52
49
46
35
25
16
14
11
13
784
897
1,036
937
749
543
344
211
97
50
47
32
56.4
56.3
55.3
55.3
54.9
54.8
51.7
47.0
46.7
49.3
47.5
48.4
.291
.312
.316
.333
.350
.347
.478
.803
.813
.704
.828
.710
16.38
17.50
17.41
18.37
19.21
18.99
24.62
38.17
38.29
34.71
39.33
34.36
102.0
101.8
100.0
100.0
99.3
99.1
93.5
85.0
84.4
89.2
85.9
87.5
87.4
93.7
94.9
100.0
105.1
104.2
143.5
241.1
244.1
211.4
248.6
213.2
89.2
95.3
94.8
100.0
104.6
103.4
134.0
207.8
208.4
188.9
214.1
187.0
31
43
60
60
71
116
124
101
91
92
121
120
251
328
402
421
443
640
612
552
554
467
576
537
57.4
56.1
55.8
55.4
55.5
55.0
52.6
48.8
48.9
49.3
49.2
49.2
.320
.325
.312
.351
.356
.377
.512
.837
.732
.737
.766
.740
18.37
18.18
17.39
19.42
19.66
20.70
26.77
41.08
36.06
36.34
37.69
36.41
103.6
101.3
100.7
100.0
100.2
99.3
94.9
88.1
88.3
89.0
88.8
88.8
91.2
92.6
88.9
100.0
101.4
107.4
145.9
238.5
208.5
210.0
218.2
210.8
94.6
93.6
89.5
100.0
101.2
106.6
137.8
211.5
185.7
187.1
194.1
187.5
20
20
40
43
42
31
40
38
31
224
237
358
394
445
362
388
287
128
54.2
54.0
54.1
51.9
48.2
47.8
48.1
47.8
48.2
.303
.308
.325
.440
.708
.614
.690
.740
.690
16.40
16.59
17.57
22.74
35.35
29.28
33.19
35.37
33.26
100.0
99.6
99.8
95.8
88.9
88.2
88.7
88.2
88.9
100.0
101.7
107.3
145.2
233.7
202.6
227.7
244.2
227.7
100.0
101.2
107.1
138.7
215.5
178.5
202.4
215.7
202.8
16
16
45
57
51
56
64
93
104
155
167
291
292
322
338
402
616
660
56.1
54.3
54.9
52.2
48.9
49.3
49.5
49.5
49.3
.323
.343
.339
.468
.772
.620
.617
.675
.661
18.23
18.54
18.53
24.35
37.68
30.79
30.54
33.41
32.59
100.0
96.8
97.9
93.0
87.2
87.9
88.2
88.2
87.9
100.0
106.2
105.0
144.9
239.0
192.0
191.0
209.0
204.6
100.0
101.7
101.6
133.6
206.7
168.9
167.5
183.3
178.8
35
54
65
65
70
93
104
93
86
92
121
117
513
793
1,127
1,220
1,173
1,336
1,303
1,252
1,167
1,082
1,279
1,207
56.4
56.1
55.6
55.2
55.1
55.0
52.1
48.7
48.9
49.1
49.1
49.2
.311
.321
.300
.330
.321
.349
.500
.789
.668
.692
.700
.682
17.50
17.96
61.67
18.21
17.68
19.13
25.98
38.61
32.78
33.98
34.37
33.55
102.2
101.6
100.7
100.0
99.8
99.6
94.4
88.2
88.6
88.9
88.9
89.1
94.2
97.3
90.9
100.0
97.3
105.8
151.5
239.1
202.4
209.7
212.1
206.7
96.1
98.6
91.5
100.0
97.1
105.1
142.7
212.0
180.0
186.6
188.7
184.2
11
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b le 1.—Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year—Continued
Index
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
age
full
ber of
of time
earn time Full
Year estab ber
wage hours
ings earn time
lish earners
per
ings hours
per
ments
per
per
hour
week
week week
Occupation and sex
numbers of—
Full
Earn time
ings earn
ings
per
per
hour
week
LASTING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Hand-method lasting machine oper
ators:
Male............................................... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Turn lasters, hand (including first
and second lasters) :
M ale............................................... 1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Turn lasters, machine:
Male___________________________ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Turn sewers:
M ale._______ ___ ______________ 1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Tack pullers, hand and machine:
Male__________________________ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Female________________________
1920
1922
1924
1926
33
39
39
41
41
66
59
30
27
12
14
9
325
477
478
449
456
556
411
213
178
97
68
101
57.4 $0,306 $17.49
57.0
.316 17.96
55.8
.324 18.03
55.3
.357 19.72
55.5
.348 19.25
55.1
.361 19.82
52.9
.479 25.22
48.9
.795 39.06
49.3
.735 36.38
48.5
.694 33.66
48.9
.700 34.23
47.2
.856 40.40
103.8
103.1
100.9
100.0
100.4
99.6
95.7
88.4
89.2
87.7
88.4
85.4
85.7
88.5
90.8
100.0
97.5
101.1
134.2
222.7
205.9
194.4
196.1
239.8
88.7
91.1
91.4
100.0
97.6
100.5
127.9
198.1
184.5
170.7
173.6
204.9
28
28
31
42
35
33
30
31
35
31
452
524
689
974
752
666
571
496
726
706
55.6
55.0
54.4
54.9
53.8
47.1
48.5
48.2
47.7
47.9
.275
.310
.324
.365
.453
.880
.732
.790
.870
.831
15.25
17.00
17.56
20.07
24.34
42.49
35.76
38.08
41.50
39.80
101.1
100.0
98.9
99.8
97.8
85.6
88.2
87.6
86.7
87.1
88.7
100.0
104.5
117.7
146.1
283.9
236.1
254.8
280.6
268.1
89.7
100.0
103.3
118.1
143.2
249.9
210.4
224.0
244.1
234.1
10
7
7
5
3
102
31
26
86
50
48.6
48.1
48.5
48.3
52.0
.756
.630
.604
.835
.575
37.35
30.50
29.29
40.33
29.90
29
25
30
25
30
28
28
81
67
71
55
63
66
66
54.4
53.7
49.1
49.8
49.3
48.9
49.6
.442
.500
.926
.801
.819
.857
.873
24.00
26.75
46.26
40.14
40.38
41.91
43.30
70
62
79
98
95
425
348
331
321
284
47.5
48.6
48.9
49.3
49.2
.459
.423
.436
.462
.448
22.12
20.61
21.32
22.78
22.04
7
6
2
3
21
23
7
8
49.0
48.9
50.0
49.0
.349
.299
.375
.298
16.84
14.57
18.75
14.60
101.6
101.3
100.9
100.0
99.8
99.3
94.6
87.9
87.5
88.1
88.1
88.8
87.2
90.2
88.8
100.0
100.4
103.8
123.8
194.4
177.4
185.4
187.2
177.6
88.7
91.3
89.7
100.0
100.3
103.3
117.0
173.2
156.9
163.9
165.5
158.0
BOTTOMING DEPARTMENT
Goodyear welters (including inseamers):
Male................... ............................ 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
45
60
70
70
74
89
93
80
74
76
92
86
275
392
466
472
439
467
469
415
375
336
358
328
56.2 $0,437 $24.49
56.0
.452 25.21
55.8
.445 25.75
55.3
.501 27.60
55.2
.503 27.68
54.9
.520 28.50
53.3
.620 32.29
48.6
.974 47.81
48.4
.889 43.30
48.7
.929 45.24
48.7
.938 45.68
49.1
.890 43.61
12
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b le 1.—Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year—Continued
Occupation and sex
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
age
Full
full
ber of
time Full Earn time
Year estab ber of time earn
earn
time
ings
earn
lish
ings
hours per
ings
hours per
ings
ments
per
per
per
per
week hour
week hour week
BOTTOM ING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Welt beaters and slashers:)
Male...............................
Bottom fillers, hand and machine:
Male................ ...........................
Sole cementers, hand and machine
(including bottom cementers):
Male---------------------------------------
Female-
Sole layers, hand and machine..
Male-------------------------------
Bough rounders:
Male________
Channel openers and channel closers
(including channel layers, channel
turners, channel cementers, and lip
turners):
M ale.._............................... .
Female..
Goodyear stitchers:
Male................
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
70
63
61
80
63
156
107
107
147
118
48.6 $0,588 $28.85
48.9
.531 25.98
48.8
.533 25.26
48.8
.569 27.77
49.9
.508 25.35
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
69
69
66
82
81
131
125
126
158
139
48.7
48.7
49.1
49.2
49.3
.568
.500
.511
.507
.512
27.20
24.45
25.09
24.94
25.24
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
70
68
59
70
61
134
143
110
145
110
48.8
48.8
49.0
48.9
49.1
.425
.408
.432
.456
.425
20.85
20.11
21.17
22.30
20.87
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
20
8
9
6
5
77
79
79
98
113
30
10
14
9
9
249
238
247
284
237
48.9
50.3
50.7
48.4
50.8
48.6
48.5
49.2
49.1
49.0
.336
.343
.373
.317
.342
.697
.644
.600
.636
.656
16.33
17.41
18.91
15.34
17.37
33.87
31.23
29.52
31.23
32.14
1910
1911
1912
1013
1014
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
44
60
69
69
73
91
97
82
75
76
91
84
165
221
273
265
252
296
285
240
228
212
241
226
56.7
56.3
55.9
55.2
55.1
54.9
52.4
48.7
48.7
48.7
48.8
48.7
.406
.436
.435
.497
.503
.491
.593
.928
.818
.846
.825
.815
22.85
24.44
24.21
27.37
27.64
26.89
31.99
45.68
40.00
41.20
40.26
39.69
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
87
73
75
90
92
280
255
243
303
287
49.0
49.2
48.9
49.4
49.4
.488
.443
.480
.508
.512
23.75
21.76
23.47
25.10
25.29
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
17
14
4
20
16
44
29
10
68
43
49.8
50.0
50.8
48.9
48.8
.338
.380
.253
.444
.417
17.66
19.64
12.85
21.71
20.35
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
45
61
70
70
74
97
105
86
77
79
98
89
366
529
627
642
594
656
680
599
543
505
517
461
56.3
55.9
55.9
55.2
55.1
54.8
52.4
48.6
48.6
48.8
48.9
48.9
.374
.387
.376
.399
.410
.437
.527
.818
.755
.773
.776
.766
20.97
21.56
20.96
21.96
22.57
23.87
27.47
40.07
36.67
37.72
37.95
37.46
102.7
102.0
101.3
100.0
99*8
99.5
94.9
88.2
88.2
88.4
88.2
81.7
87.7
87.5
100.0
101.2
98.8
119.3
186.7
164.6
170.2
166.0
164.0
83.5
89.3
88.5
100.0
101.0
98.2
116.9
166.9
146.1
150.5
147.1
145.0
102.0
101.3
101.3
100.0
99.8
99.3
94.9
88.0
88.0
88.4
88.6
88.6
93.7
97.0
94.2
100.0
102.8
109.5
132.1
205.0
189.2
193.7
194.5
192.0
95.5
98.2
95.4
100.0
88.2
102.8
108.7
125.1
182.5
167.0
171.8
172.8
170.6
13
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b le 1 .-—Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year— Continued
Occupation and sex
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
age
full
full earn
ber of
time Full Earn Full
of time
time
Year estab ber
ings
earn
wage
time
lish
hours per
earn
ings hours ings
ments earners per
per
ings
per
per
week hour week
per
week hour week
BOTTOMING DEPARTMENT—Continued
M cK ay sewers:
Male...... ......................................... 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Stitch separators (including stitch
wheelers):
M ale.._____________________ __ _ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Levelers:
Male................................................ 1911
1912
1913
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Heelers, leather:
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Heelers, wood:
Male________________________ ~ 1918
1920
1922.
1924
1926
1928
Heel trimmers or shavers:
1910
Male......................................... .
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Heel breasters:
Male________________________ _ 1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
48427°— 29------2
28
30
32
32
39
61
62
45
39
34
51
50
95
129
131
136
147
210
203
158
138
104
159
138
57.1 $0,290 $16.46
56.5
.296 16.63
.286 16.00
56.1
55.6
.319 17.70
55.7
.338 18.77
55.2
.349 19.51
52.9
.449 23.56
49.4
.711 35.53
50.2
.659 33; 88
50.3
.644 32.39
.687 34.42
50.1
49.4
.755 37.30
63
45
48
55
55
36
75
75
94
96
97
119
122
31
67
72
84
130
137
111
98
98
102
92
18
33
27
38
73
80
55
71
81
81
85
121
128
103
94
96
103
94
35
75
75
82
111
113
100
80
79
78
72
156
108
91
111
117
102
268
289
323
318
315
345
318
115
254
291
324
440
419
382
348
290
319
248
248
533
245
403
713
798
189
246
232
277
277
367
350
284
246
213
234
198
76
163
171
173
232
218
195
161
131
124
116
49.0
48.7
49.1
48.8
49.1
55.8
55.9
55.2
48.9
49.0
49.1
49.4
49.3
55.8
56.2
55.3
55.3
55.0
52.8
48.7
48.9
49.3
49.1
49.0
54.1
47.4
47.9
48.1
48.8
49.4
56.6
56.5
56.0
55.4
55.2
54.9
52.6
48.8
48.9
49.1
49.2
49; 3
56.1
55; 9
55:4
55.3
54.8
52.9
48.8
49.2
48.9
49.1
48.8
.558
.498
.558
.528
.533
.297
.286
.304
.650
.580
.597
.655
.648
.403
.378
.424
.402
.430
.502
.832
.759
.768
.729
.764
.477
.899
.706
.690
.823
.829
.410
.415
.420
.448
.433
.449
.535
.891
.853
.793
.736
.716
.291
.295
.313
.303
.319
.412
.721
.587
.588
.631
.618
27.16
24.45
27.40
25.77
26.17
16.49
15.90
16.74
32.09
28.43
29.31
32.36
31.95
22.52
21.17
23.32
22.18
23.59
26.37
40.73
37.15
37.86
35.79
37.44
25.61
42.92
33.54
33.19
40.16
40.95
23.03
23.32
23.39
24.74
23.88
24.55
27.99
44.26
38.04
38.94
36.21
35.30
16.23
16.36
17.27
16.71
17.50
21.70
35.38
29.05
28.75
30.98
30.16
102.7
101.6
100.9
100.0
100.2
99.3
95.1
88.8
90.3
90.5
90.1
88.8
90.9
92.8
89.7
100.0
106.0
109.4
140.8
222.9
206.6
201.9
215.4
236.7
93.0
94.0
90.4
100.0
106.0
110.2
133.1
200.7
191.4
183.0
194.5
210.7
101.1
101.3
100.0
88.6
88.8
88.9
89.5
89.3
100.9
101.6
100.0
100.0
99.5
95.5
88.1
88.4
89.2
88.8
88.6
97.7
94.1
100.0
213.8
190.8
196.4
215.5
213.2
95.0
89.2
100.0
94.8
101.4
118.4
196.2
179.0
181.1
171.9
180.2
98.5
95.0
100.0
191.7
169.8
175.1
193.3
190.9
96.6
90.8
100.0
. 95.1
101.2
113.1
174.7
159.3
162.3
153.5
160.5
102.2
102.0
101.1
100.0
99.6
99.1
94.9
88.1
88.3
88.6
88.8
89.0
101.3
100.9
100.0
99.8
98.9
95.5
88.1
88.8
88.3
88.6
88.1
91.5
92.6
93.8
100.0
96.7
100.2
119.4
198.9
190.4
177.0
164.3
159.8
93.0
94.2
100.0
96.8
101.9
131.6
230.4
187.5
187.9
201.6
197.4
93.1
94.3
94.5
100.0
.96.5
99.2
113.1
178.9
153.8
157.4
146.4
142.7
94.0
94.7
100.0
96.8
101.3
125.7
204.9
168.2
166.5
179.4
174.6
14
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b le 1. —Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910
department, occupation, sex, and year— Continued
to 1928, by
Aver Index numbers of—
Aver
age
Num Num age Aver
age
full
Full
ber of ber of full earn
Full
time
Year estab wage time
time
ings earn time Earn
lish
earn
hours
ings
per
ings hours per
ments earners per
ings
per
per
week hour week
per
week hour .week
Occupation and sex
BOTTOM ING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Edge trimmers:
Male__________________________
Sluggers:
Male___________ _____ .________
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
55
71
81
81
85
129
138
112
100
102
127
131
573
765
827
838
886
1,081
1,015
828
789
686
808
754
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
79
68
26
30
31
153
96
32
58
39
56.4 $0,382 $21.44
.389 21.73
56.5
.380 21.15
55.9
.410 22.66
55.4
.400 22.01
55.1
.423 23.16
54.9
.545 28.44
52.5
.904 44.19
48.7
.764 37.36
48.9
.767 37.66
49.1
49.2
.785 38.62
49.1
.764 37.51
49.2
49.2
48.2
49.0
49.1
.601
.547
.563
.582
.618
101.8
102.0
100.9
100.0
99.5
99.1
94.8
87.9
88.3
88.6
88.8
88.6
93.2
94.9
92.7
100.0
97.6
103.2
132.9
220.5
186.3
187.1
191.5
186.3
94.6
95.9
93.3
100.0
97.1
102.2
125.5
195.0
164.9
166.2
170.4
165.5
29.57
26.95
27.14
28.52
30.34
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
Buffers (including bottom scourers):
Male................................................ 1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Edge setters:
Male_____________________ _____ 1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Heel scourers (including first and
second scourers):
Male................................................ 1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1020
1922
1924
1926
Heel burnishers (including stoners, 1928
expediters, and heel slickers):
M a l e - .....................— .............. 1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
36
72
72
81
129
129
111
98
99
124
122
174
338
358
396
535
476
449
408
361
434
356
55.8 $0,294 $16.37
.289 16.09
56.0
55.3
.318 17.52
55.3
.309 17.05
54.9
.327 17.92
52.7
.424 22.20
48.8
.726 35.69
49.0
.630 30.95
49.4
.614 30,33
49.4
.640 31.62
.651 32.22
49.5
100.9
101.3
100.0
100.0
99.3
95.3
88.2
88.6
89.3
89.3
89.5
92.5
90.9
100.0
97.2
102.8
133.3
228.3
198.1
193.1
201.3
204.7
93.4
91.8
100.0
97.3
102.3
126.7
203.7
176.7
173.1
180.5
183.9
54
68
78
77
86
131
138
112
99
102
129
133
560
722
789
826
872
966
924
845
779
681
765
738
56.3
56.3
55.8
55.3
55.2
54.9
52.7
48.7
48.9
49.1
49.1
49.1
.373
.380
.379
.411
.410
.414
.525
.873
.757
.756
.766
.755
20.94
21.29
21.05
22.70
22.54
22.62
27.57
42.84
37.02
37.12
37.61
37.07
101.8
101.8
100.9
100.0
99.8
99.3
95.3
88.1
88.4
88.8
88.8
88.8
90.8
92.5
92.2
100.0
99.8
100.7
127.7
212.4
184.2
183.9
186.4
183.7
92.2
93.8
92.7
100.0
99.3
99.6
121.5
188.7
163.1
163.5
165.7
163.3
35
78
78
84
125
129
108
97
98
104
97
125
342
364
372
504
470
451
421
378
342
312
54.8
56.0
55.4
55.3
55.0
52.7
48.7
48.9
49.2
49.2
49.1
.291
.289
.314
.310
.346
.438
.726
.607
.621
.623
:589
16.12
16.09
17.35
17.10
18.94
22.92
35.38
29.79
30.55
30.65
28.92
98.9
101.1
100.0
99.8
99.3
95.1
87.9
88.3
88.8
88.8
88.6
92.7
92.0
100.0
98.7
110.2
139.5
231.2
193.3
197.8
198.4
187.6
92.9
92.7
100.0
98.6
109.2
132.1
203.9
171.7
176.1
176.7
166.7
33
74
75
84
127
128
109
92
91
104
91
106
254
280
283
367
325
304
300
265
275
236
55.6
56.1
55.5
55.5
55.2
52.8
48.7
48.9
50.0
49.3
49,3
.306
.292
.317
.322
.325
.433
.704
.584
.584
.607
,581
16.97
16.31
17.54
17.86
17.84
22.66
34.50
28.75
29.20
29.93
28.64
100.2
101.1
100.0
100.0
99.5
95.1
87.7
88.1
90.1
88.8
88.8
96.5
92.1
100.0
101.6
102.5
136.6
222.1
184.2
184.2
191. &
183.3
96.8
93.0
100.0
10i.8
101.7
129.2
196.7
163.9
166.5
170.6
163.3
15
INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
T a b le
1.—Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year— Continued
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
age
Num Num
age
full
full earn
ber of
of time
time Full Earn Full
Year estab ber
time
time
wage
earn
ings
hours per
lish
earn
ings hours ings
ments earners per
per
ings
per
per
week hour
per
week week hour
week
Occupation and sex
FINISH ING D E P A RTM E N T—Continued
Bottom finishers (including bottom;
slickers):
Male_____ -_- _________________ 1928
Female_______________ !_________ 1928
Brushers:
Male__________________________ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Female__________ ____ ____ ____
Shoe cleaners:
MAI** ,
-r -
- -
-
Female__ ________ —__ ,___ _____
Last pullers, hand and machine:
M a le ..-_____________ - ___ _____
Treers, hand and machine:
Male____ ________________ - _—
Repairers (not cobblers) (including
tip fixers and scourers):
Male_____ . . . _____ . . . . . . . ______
104
2
309
2
48.9 $0,632 $30.90
48.0
.553 26.54
86
80
80
88
78
300
298
303
248
189
48.4
48.9
49.2
49.2
49.4
.474
.431
.498
.450
.454
22.96
21.10
24.50
22.14
22.43
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928-
17
10
12
18
13
36
24
38
46
36
49.6
50.5
50.4
50.1
49.5
.350
.324
.445
.416
.336
16.62
16.42
22.43
20.84
16.63
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
34
36
38
39
42
109
150
115
116
131
48.1
49.0
48.8
48.3
48.3
.488
.431
.416
.526
.493
23.10
21.15
20.30
25.41
23.81
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
28
33
38
29
26
175
193
169
66
77
48.8
48.1
48.9
48.6
49.0
.331
.325
.342
.338
.334
16.09
15.79
16.72
16.43
16.37
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
97
88
91
112
119
266
233
228
275
226
48.9
49.0
49.7
49.5
49.2
.524
.460
.471
.494
.510
25.34
22.74
23.41
24.45
25.09
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
44
63
73
73
80
124
125
98
90
93
114
118
832
1,006
1,143
1,110
1,204
1,652
1,387
1,106
970
948
1,088
1,072
55.9
56.0
55.8
55.3
55.3
54.9
52.3
48.3
48.6
48.8
49.2
49.2
.259
.267
.266
.282
.279
.291
.403
.677
.577
.624
.611
.624
14.42
14.84
14.76
15.54
15.38
15.94
20.98
33.03
28.12
30.45
30.06
30.70
101.1
101.3
100.9
100.0
100.0
99.3
94.6
87.3
87.9
88.2
89.0
89.0
91.8
94.7
94.3
100.0
98.9
103.2
142.9
240.1
204.6
221.3
216.7
221.3
92.8
95.5
95.0
100.0
99.0
102.6
135.0
212.5
181.0
195.9
193.4
197.6
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
8
11
13
13
18
15
31
37
35
31
43
36
74’
85
108
no
107
144
211
296
228
184
302
239
57.8
58.1
54.4
54.6
52.1
53.1
53.3
49.7
49.3
48.8
49.0
49.3
.143
.145
.153
.158
.175
.188
.232
.403
.396
.431
.419
.386
8.19
8.32
8.32
8.56
9.06
9.93
12.25
19.95
19.51
21.03
20.53
19.03
105.9
106.4
99.6
100.0
95.4
97.3
97.6
91.0
90.3
89.4
89.7
90.3
90.5
91.8
96.8
100.0
110.8
119.0
146.8
255.1
250.6
272.8
265.2
244.3
95.7
97.2
97.2
100.0
105.8
116.0
143.1
233.1
227.9
245.7
239.8
222.3
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
57
49
48
53
48
169
126
102
128
134
48.1
48.3
48.9
48.2
48.5
.505
.462
.511
.594
.569
24.37
22.30
24:99
28.63
27.60
16
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b le
1.— Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910, to 1928, by
department, occupation, sex, and year— Continued
Index
Aver Aver Aver
age
Num Num
age
full
age
full
ber of
of time earn time Full
Year estab ber
time
ings
earn
wage
lish
hours per
ings hours
ments earners per
per
hour
per
week
week week
Occupation and sex
FIN ISH IN G D E P A R T M E N T-C ontinued
Repairers (not cobblers) (including
tip fixers and scourers)—Continued
F<mialA ...... .
.
mo
m 2
1994
1926
1998
87
79
77
110
120
711
668
624
925
832
- mo
m 2
1994
1926
1928
11
14
18
22
16
16
18
39
49
24
47.6
48.6
48.8
49.0
48.5
.391
.395
.413
.428
.487
18.47
19.04
20.15
20.97
23.62
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
78
73
62
81
77
253
288
225
317
290
48.5
49.0
49.4
49.1
49.3
.367
.339
.366
.377
.375
17.81
17.35
18.08
18.51
18.49
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
14
11
17
17
12
30
21
37
30
23
48.8
48.5
49.7
50.1
49.7
.381
.378
.307
.380
.433
18.70
18.25
15.26
19.04
21.52
Female____________ ____________ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
Lacers (before packing):
Male__________________________ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
95
90
84
115
116
321
279
225
350
305
48.7
49.0
49.0
48.9
49.0
.374
.355
.390
.378
.389
18.13
17.36
19.11
18.48
19.06
9
4
7
10
7
11
7
16
21
10
48.5
47.9
48.4
48.7
48.2
.444
.281
.344
.351
.378
20.70
13.71
16.65
17.09
18.22
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
89
82
71
86
90
304
235
201
194
204
48.7
48.9
49.1
48.9
49.2
.323
.304
.368
.326
.320
15.64
14.81
18.07
15.94
15. 74
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
38
17
17
34
18
96
43
37
110
31
49.2
50.0
48.9
49.4
49.6
.470
.477
.458
.433
.443
24.02
23.75
22.40
21.39
21.97
Female______ . . . . . . . . . . . . _______ 1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
100
90
92
112
125
503
397
332
387
379
48.3
48.2
48.7
48.7
48.7
.353
.351
.360
.377
.388
17.10
16.97
17.53
18.36
18.90
Dressers:
Mal e. —
.. -
__
Sock liners (including heel-lining,
heel-pad, and heel- pin pasters):
Male__________________________
Female__ . __ . ___ _____________
Packers:
Male__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ______
47.7 $0,392 $18.69
48.2
.377 18.18
48.8
.403 19.67
.388 19.01
49.0
49.4
.377 18.62
numbers of—
Full
Earn time
ings earn
per
ings
per
hour
week
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS BY STATES
T a b l e 1. —Average hours and earnings with index numbers, 1910 to 1928, by
department, occupation, sea;, and year—Continued
Occupation and sex
Index numbers of—
Aver Aver Aver
age
age
Num Num
full
age
Full
full earn
ber of
of time
time Full Earn time
Year estab ber
earn
wage
ings
time
lish earners hours per
ings earn
ings
hours
per
ings
per
ments
per
per
per
week hour week
week hour week
ALL DEPARTMENTS
Other employees:
Male..............
Female..
1914
1016
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
91
135
143
117
104
105
154
156
20,887
24,010
23,324
10,445
10,133
9,262
9,764
9,070
55.0 $0,224 $12.29
.243 13.35
55.0
.327 17.17
52.7
48.7
.518 25.22
49.0
.461 22.58
.481 23.47
48.8
.501 24.55
49.0
.513 25.14
49.0
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
89
134
142
116
12,347
14,851
16,007
6,964
5,074
5,363
6,212
5,155
54.0
53.8
51.8
48.6
48.8
49.0
48.8
49.2
101
103
132
141
.168
.178
.226
.361
.334
.350
.335
.361
9.05
9.62
11.67
17.73
16.39
17.15
16.35
17.76
AVERAGE HOURS AND EARNINGS, 1926 AND 1928, BY STATES
Table 2 presents for each sex and for both sexes combined average
full-time hours per week, average earnings per hour, a,nd average
full-time earnings per week for afif wage earners covered in each State
in 1926 and in 1928.
The 1926 averages are for 29,925 males and 22,772 females or a
total of 52,697 ana those for 1928 are for 28,312 males and 20,346
females, a total of 48,658.
Average full-time hours per week of males ranged by States from
46 to 53.4 in 1926 and from 46.8 to 53.1 in 1928, and of females ranged
from 46.6 to 53.4 in 1926 and from 47.6 to 53.2 in 1928. The aver
ages for all males and females combined, or for the industry, ranged
from 46.2 to 53.4 in 1926 and from 47.1 to 53.1 in 1928.
Average earnings per hour of males ranged by States from 47.3 to
70.1 cents in 1926 and from 50.6 to 72.3 cents in 1928, and of females
from 31.8 to 48.1 cents in 1926 and from 28.8 to 47.3 cents in 1928,
and for both sexes combined from 39.8 to 61.2 cents in 1926 and from
41.4 to 62.6 cents per hour in 1928.
Average full-time earnings per week of males ranged by States
from $23.74 to $33.72 in 1926 and from $25.04 to $34.78 in 1928, of
females ranged from $15.66 to $22.99 in 1926 and from $14.08 to
$22.66 in 1928. The averages for all males and females combined,
or for the industry, ranged from $21.25 to $28.83 in 1926 and from
$20.70 to $30.11 per week in 1928.
18
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b l e 2 . — Number
of establishments and of wage earners, and average hours and
earnings, 1926 and 1928, by sex and State
Sex and State
Number of
establish
ments
1926
1928
6
6
8
40
5
4
11
11
4
25
7
15
12
Number of
employees
Average
full-time
hours per
week
Average earn
ings per hour
Average full
time earnings
per week
1926
1928
1926
1928
1926
1928
1926
1928
9
6
8
50
4
4
11
10
4
21
7
12
11
1,822
1,734
1,047
7,095
299
407
3,604
2,052
393
5,915
1,697
2,288
1,572
2,071
1,428
1,033
7,096
198
300
3,506
1,761
467
5,388
1,877
1,813
1,374
48.6
53.4
49.0
48.1
49.7
50.2
49.3
49.3
46.0
47.7
50.0
50.3
49.1
49.5
53.1
49.0
48.1
49.6
50.1
49.6
49.2
46.8
47.9
49.9
50.0
49.4
$0,642
.486
.534
.701
.532
.473
.546
.560
..671
.694
.649
.538
.598
$0,613
.516
.511
.723
.558
.506
.549
.575
.657
.670
.607
.542
.597
$31.20
25.95
26.17
33.72
26.44
23.74
26.92
27.61
30.87
33.10
32.45
27.06
29.36
$30.34
27.40
25.04
34.78
27.68
25.35
27.23
28.29
30.75
32.09
30.29
27.10
29.49
154
157
29,925
28,312
49.0
49.0
.622
.625
30.48
30.63
W i s c o n s i n , ____________ _________
6
6
8
28
5
4
10
11
4
23
7
11
12
9
6
8
40
4
4
10
10
4
20
7
10
11
1,877
1,432
665
4,860
253
366
2,827
1,610
281
2,892
1,681
1,561
1,467
2,052
1,119
604
4,673
130
254
2,450
1,311
266
3,556
1,574
1,181
1,176
48.1
53.4
48.8
47.8
49.7
50.5
49.2
49.5
46.6
48.3
49.5
50.1
48.7
50.1
53.2
48.9
47.9
49.6
50.0
49.8
49.3
47.6
48.5
49.8
49.7
48.7
.410
.349
.321
.481
.318
.366
.340
.378
.433
.436
.372
.335
.399
.367
.375
.288
.473
.325
.303
.336
.393
.439
.430
.355
.343
.412
19.72
18.64
15.66
22.99
15.80
18.48
16.73
18.71
20.18
21.06
18.41
16.78
19.43
18.39
19.95
14.08
22.66
16.12
15.15
16.73
19.37
20.90
20.86
17.68
17.05
20.00
Total________________
135
144
22,772
20,346
49.0
49.2
.401
.397
19.65
19.53
6
6
8
40
5
4
11
11
4
25
7
15
12
9
6
8
50
4
4
11
10
,4
21
7
12
11
3,699
3,166
1,712
11,955
552
773
6,431
3,662
674
9,807
3,378
3,849
3,039
4,123
2,547
1,637
11,769
328
554
5,956
3,072
733
8,944
3,451
2,994
2,550
48.4
53.4
48.9
47.1
49.7
50.4
49.3
49.4
46.2
48.0
49.8
50.2
48.9
49.8
53.1
48.9
48.1
49.6
50.0
49.7
49.2
47.1
48.1
49.8
49.9
49.1
.526
.398
.452
.612
.437
.424
.456
.481
.573
.593
. 517
.458
.504
.491
.455
.428
.626
.469
.414
.462
.498
.579
.575
.489
.465
.514
25.46
21.25
22.10
28.83
21.72
21.37
22.48
23.76
26.47
28.46
25.75
22.99
24.65
24.45
24.16
20.93
30.11
23.26
20.70
22.96
24.50
27.27
27.66
24.35
23.20
25.24
154
157
52,697
48,658
49.0
49.1
.528
.530
25.87
26.02
MALES
Illin ois................... ....... .......
M aine __ ,__. ...............
Maryland and Virginia_____
Massachusetts_____________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
O h io __________ ___________
P e n n s y lv a n ia
W i s c o n s in
,
,
....................
Total_________ _______
FEMALES
Illinois______________ ______
Maine_____________________
Maryland and Virginia_____
M assachusetts_____________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire___________
New Jersey________________
New York...... .........................
Ohio.........................................
Pennsylvania______________
MALES AND FEMALES
Illinois.....................................
Maine_____________________
Maryland and Virginia_____
M assachusetts_____________
Michigan__________________
Minnesota_________________
Missouri___________________
New Hampshire___________
New Jersey________________
New York_________________
Ohio.... ....................................
Pennsylvania______________
W i s c o n s in
Total________________
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR
Average and classified earnings per hour are presented in Table 3
for the employees in 14 occupations in the industry. The figures
in the table are for 7,895 males in 13, and for 6,423 females in 8 of
the 14 occupations. The males in them represent 27.9 per cent of
the males, and the females in them represent 31.6 per cent of the
females that were included in the 1928 study of the industry. Males
and females together represent 29.4 per cent of the total employees
covered in all occupations in the year. Between 1926 and 1928
average earnings per hour of males in the 13 occupations increased
in 4 and decreased in 9 occupations; of females in the 8 occupations,
AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED EARNINGS PER HOUR
19
increased in 1 and decreased in 7. For a distribution of employees
in 1928 in each occupation and State, by average earnings per hour,
see Table B, page 67. These occupations were selected from the
different departments to illustrate the variation in the trend and
spread of average earnings per hour in the industry during the years
for which data are available. Figures are presented for each of the
specified years, 1913 to 1928, for which data are available.
In 1913 the 1,987 cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand, male, earned
an average of 35.1 cents per hour and 95 per cent of them earned less
than 50 cents per hour. Average earnings per hour in this occupation
increased to 82.9 cents in 1920 and approximately 7 per cent earned
less than 50 cents per hour. The average for the 1,777 males in this
occupation in 1928 was 82.4 cents per hour and only about 8 per
cent of them earned less than 50 cents per hour, 10 per cent earned
50 and under 60 cents, 12 per cent earned 60 and under 70 cents,
15 per cent earned 70 and under 80 cents, 19 per cent earned 80 and
under 90 cents, 13 per cent earned 90 cents and under $1.00, 17 per
cent earned $1.00 and under $1.20, 5 per cent earned $1.20 and under
$1,40, and 2 per cent earned $1.40 or over per hour,
T a b le 3. —Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified occupations, 1918 to 1928, by department, sex, and year
Occupation and sex
Year
Per cent of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Num Num Aver
ber of
age
of
90,
100, 120,
60,
70,
80,
estab ber
Un 12,
25,
30,
40,
50,
20,
16,
wage earnings
der under under under under under under under under under under under under under
lish earners
per
140
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
12
ments
hour
16
20
25
30
40
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
140
cents
and
over
CUTTING DEPARTMENT
32
29
32
23
29
31
29
37
34
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
67
77
113
108
110
121
105
94
89
113
110
134
116
124
96
87
77
100
96
98
439
446
591
697
611
539
474
552
541
$0,351
.366
.375
.484
.829
.787
.838
.808
.824
25
210
29
34
9
11
10
10
10
11
11
13
12
15
12
35
12
15
14
15
15
17
20
13
20
19
23
10
22
11
13
16
17
15
15
17
.299
.311
.423
.576
.595
.619
.668
.653
23
21
24
7
34
39
9
14
20
7
7
7
21
23
28
*6
3
10
7
9
6
17
7
7
6
3
3
10
11
4
9
4
9
6
21
1
18
19
19
21
19
(l)
6
5
14
13
10
4
3
5
5
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
.267
.434
.430
.472
.486
.458
1
1
28
29
26
15
2
1
1
0)
27
5
(i)
1
1
1
1
5
4
4
5
5
2
2
3
2
2
1
3
2
3
3
0
0)
0)
0)
0)
INDUSTRY
Footnotes on page 25.
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
88
1,987
1,812
2,355
2,319
2,050
1,915
2,009
2,129
1,777
SHOE
Femaie _
71
75
113
114
91
84
AND
Skivers, upper:
Male...........
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
BOOT
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand:
Male...... ..........................................
AVERAGE
AND
CLASSIFIED
EARNINGS
PER
HOUR
FITTING AND STITCHING DEPARTMENT
T a b le 3.— Average and classified earnings per nour for
Occupation and sex
Year
14 specified occupations, 1918 to 1928, by department, sex, and year— Continued
Per cent of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Num
Aver
ber of Num
age
of ftflmings
Un
estab ber
70,
100, 120,
30,
50,
60,
80,
90,
wage
lish earners
per
der under under u ^ e r under under unxjfer under under under under under under under
12
ments
hour
25
30
40
50
70
80
90
100
120
140
16
20
60
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
£0
140
cents
and
over
FITTING AND STITCHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
BOOT
AND
SHOE
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine:
Male...............................................
Female,.
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
54
64
97
102
88
70
81
113
116
597
708
801
726
691
593
421
541
537
$0,272
.279
.291
.398
.638
.567
.554
.596
.577
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
23
15
8
9
10
77
58
33
36
26
.500
.434
.399
.422
.501
4
4
4
0)
12
11
10
4
20
(9
22
22
15
15
16
17
21
18
5
17
26
20
18
17
82
18
10
11
12
11
12
6
6
9
7
18
24
15
36
42|
16
16
15
8
19
13
5
9
11
4
14
2
6
4
3
3
10
26
12
®1
8
INDtJSTRY
LASTING DEPARTMENT
18
24
21
4
5
3
1
3
5
4
2
3
2
2
1
8
2
1
(l)
1
1
<*>
Bed-machine operators:
Male..........................
28
31
42
35
524
689
974
752
.310
.324
.365
86
92
121
666
571
496
726
706
p>
h
3
4
2
0)
0)
i
1
2
e?
10
11
9
1
0)
0)
0)
0)
.732
.790
.870
.831
(i)
i
i
(9
4
4
2
1
12
15
10
3
0)
0
B O T TO M IN G D E PA RTM E N T
25
24
19
4
(l)
m
m
1
27
22
20
5
1
(9
45
45
43
14
2
4
3
3
3
14
12
20
30
5
13
10
10
12
»3
23
26
32
10
18
18
16
18
12
15
26 i
26
24
22
36
20
16
17
21
19
19
9
14
13
11
13
7
7
7
7
12
5
4
4
5
3
1
1
1
1
48
35
33
26
1
4
2
1
1
6
17
24
31
4
11
10
5
6
22
24
212
22
12
13
13
9
13
8
11
14
13
11
15
*3
16
13
15
15
17
12
17
10
13
16
11
10
13
13
13
18
9
13
21
15
10
5
7
8
3
(l)
(i)
(i)
1
7
3
3
3
2
CLASSIFIED
1928
.321
.349
.500
.789
.668
.692
.700
.682
AND
EARNINGS
PER
HOUR
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
117
1,220
1,173
1,336
1,303
1,252
1,167
1,082
1,279
1,207
70
93
104
93
AVERAGE
Turn lasters, hand (including first and second
lasters):
Male..................................................................
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
to
00
to
T a b le 3.— Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified occupations, 191$ to 1928, by department, sex, and year— Continued
Per cent of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Occupation and sex
Year
Num Num
ber of
of
estab ber
wage
lish
ments
Averper
hour
100, 120,
20,
25,
30,
50,
60,
70,
80,
90,
Un 12,
40,
16,
der under under under under under under under under under under under under under
140
16
20
25
30
40
60
80
90
100
120
12
50
70
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
140
cents
and
over
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
73
80
124
125
98
90
93
114
118
1,110
1,204
1,652
1,387
1,106
970
948
1,088
1,072
.282
.279
.291
.403
.677
.577
.624
.611
.624
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
13
18
15
31
37
35
30
43
36
110
107
144
211
296
228
184
302
.158
.175
.188
.232
.403
.396
.431
.419
.386
11
10
9
3
(0
0)
0)
(0
0)
0)
0)
0)
4
5
3
1
1
1
0)
10
13
7
2
W
(l)
0
48
24
27
9
0)
(*)
"of
33
19
25
1
0)
1
0)
22
18
20
4
0)
1
0)
1
1
33
35
28
26
3
7
10
6
9
219
215
221
26
6
12
12
12
15
16
12
22
22
19
18
311
16
15
17
21
19
15
15
12
17
15
19
10
9
11
11
20
14
10
8
9
5
1
4
3
2
5
5
6
29
12
19
15
19
17
21
22
22
16
17
24
21
21
21
3
19
18
22
23
23
31
19
11
15
16
14
ii
6
7
9
8
7
4
5
3
3
5
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
4
26
37
42
35
24
0)
13
8
15
16
11
4
3
4
4
1
2
1
1
1
2
8
21
33
30
6
4
5
3
5
2
I
.0)
2
4
1
1
1
1
(9
0)
0)
1
INDUSTRY
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
826 $0,411
872
.410
966
.414
924
.5125
84(5
.873
779
.757
681
.756
765
.766
738
.755
SHOE
Female..
77
86
131
138
112
99
102
129
AND
Treers, hand and machine:
Male...............................
1913
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
BOOT
Edge setters:
Male.......
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip fixers and
scourers):
Male.......................................................
..
.
57
49
48
53
48
169
126
102
128.
134
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
87
79
77
110
120
711
668
624
925
832
0)
4
6
7
9
9
8
1
1
3
4
2
1
6
5
1
1
1
1
3
1
5
1
0)
0)
0)
8 Grouped under**70 cents and over” in previous reports.
* Less than 1 per cent and grouped under *‘ 50 cents and over” in previous reports.
1
0)
CLASSIFIED
EARNINGS
PER
HOUR
1
1
3
3
AND
1 Less than 1 per cent.
8 Grouped under “ 50 cents and over” in previous reports.
1
AVERAGE
Female..
1
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
U>.
Oi
26
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY HOURS OF OPERATION
The regular or customary full-time hours of a boot and shoe factory
are the hours of operation when the factory is working its recognized
standard of full time—in other words, the time between the regular
established time of beginning work in the morning and closing in the
afternoon less the regular time off duty for the midday lunch or
dinner with no overtime and no time off duty for any cause.
Table 4 shows the per cent of employees in each of 14 representative
occupations in the boot and shoe industry at each group of full
time hours per week for each of the specified years, from 1910 to 1928,
for which data are available. For a distribution of the number of
employees in 1928 in each occupation and State, by full-time hours per
week, see Table C, page 75.
The full-time hours of cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand, male,
decreased from an average of 56.3 per week in 1910 when the full
time hours of 64 per cent of the 1,650 covered in that year were over
54 per week to an average of 47.8 in 1920 when the full-time hours of
only 1 per cent were over 54 per week. The average increased to 48.9
in 1926 and decreased to 48.6 in 1928 when the full-time hours of 62
per cent were 48 per week, 2 per cent were over 54, 4 per cent were 54,
2 per cent were 45, and 7 per cent were 44 per week. These figures
are representative of the full-time hours per week of the other
occupations of the industry.
T a b le
4.— -Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14 specified occu
pations, 1910 to 1928, by department, sex, and year
Occupation, sex, and year
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Aver
Num age
ber of full
wage time
earn hours
ers
per
week
Per cent of wage earners whose full-time hours per
week were—
Over
Over
Over
44,
45,
48,
44 un 45 un 48 un
der
der
der
45
48
51
Over
54,
54 un
der
57
60
CUTTING DEPARTMENT
u u tw rs,
v a iu
shoe, hand:
Male...............
Skivers, upper:
whole
19101911._
1912..
19131914..
1916—
19181920..
1922..
1924..
19261928-
48
64
71
71
75
113
114
91
84
88
108
110
1,650
2,066
1,995
1,987
1,812
2,355
2,319
2.050
1,915
2,009
2,129
1,777
1910191119121913..
19141916..
1918..
19201922192419261928..
12
28
32
32
29
32
23
29
31
29
37
34
74
136
156
134
116
124
96
87
77
100
96
98
} than 1 per cent.
56.3
56.2
55.0
54.5
54.0
53.9
52.0
47.8 *16
48.3
7
48.4
4
48.9
6
7
48.6
54.7
54.8
54.7
54.5
54.4
54.6
50.9
48.1
47.6
48.0
48.4
48.1
8
7
15
13
1
3
8
6
6
4
1
2
9
5
8
1
0)
(i)
2
39
2
56
57
66
57
62
79
65
57
22
66
12
12
20
18
52
14
19
20
24
20
74
8
13
22
11 14
11 25
8 29
8 37
11 40
18 22
16 27
16 11
1 4
1
7
5
0)
2
8
2
4
24
28
15
18
16
26
13
1
1
1
2
2
19
19
17
16
11
10
6
66
68
67
65
65
65
10
18
18
7
18
21
13
4
3
16
15
19
9
6 ....
12
6
8
9
9
11
1
3
13
1
3 Including 1 per cent under 44.
21
17
11
3
3
3
27
REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY HOURS OF OPERATION
T a b le 4 *—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 1J+ specified
pations, 1910 to 1928, by department, sex, and year— Continued
Occupation, sex, and year
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Per cent of wage earners whose full-time hours per
week were—
Aver
Num age
ber Of full
wage time
Over
Over
Over
Over
earn hours
44,
45,
48,
54,
per
44 un 45 un 48 un
ers
54 un
der
week
der
der
der
45
48
51
57
CUTTING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Skivers, upper—Continued.
Female....................1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
19141916191819201922.
192419261928-
67
67
77
113
121
105
94
89
113
110
338
374
371
439
446
591
697
611
539
474
552
541
57.0
57.0
55.0
54.6
54.1
54.0
51.7
48.7
48.6
49.0
48.9
49.1
QX
30
25
3
0)
FITTING AND STITCHING DEPARTMENT
Cementers and doublers,
hand and machine (in
cluding reinforcers, pasters,
and fitters):
M a le -.....................1920..
192219241926._
1928Female....................1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928..
Lining makers (including lin
ing closers and side and top
facing stitchers):
Female-.................. 19101911..
191?..
1913..
1914191619181920..
1922..
192419261928Top stitchers (including un
der-trimmers and barber
trimmers):
Male........................1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928Female..
-19101911..
19121913..
1914..
1916..
1918..
19201922..
192419261928..
1 Less than 1 per cent.
14
8
12
18
5
47.5
48.2
47.8
50.8
46.2
14
14
25
5
44
107
89
95
118
124
1,133
913
1,031
1,426
1,318
48.6 27
5
48.5
4
49.1
3
49.3
2
53
72
80
80
84
126
132
112
97
100
124
129
585
721
764
854
852
1,004
1,138
1,149
1,055
1,012
1,170
1,046
56.5
56.5
55.0
54.6
54.1
53.9
51.5
48.6 *6
2
48.8
3
49.3
49.3 34
3
49.2
57
64
78
90
132
53
73
82
82
&
128
135
112
100
97
121
124
721
911
1,033
1,070
1,076
1,427
1,364
1,187
1,195
1,184
1,469
1,399
48.0
48.1
47.9
47.1
47.9
14
4
2
1
1
2 Including 1 per cent under 44.
1
(ll
1
2
6
13
30
15
56.3
56.9
54.9
54.6
54.2
54.0
51.6
48.5 37
48.8 82
2
49.3
49.3 82
2
49.4
4
3
1
6
4
1
1
1
1
(,)i
8
48
59
46
24
56
24
28
17
26 "~2
8
38
56
61
50
52
52
25
23
30
31
30
1
1
4
2
6
5
5
9
12
9
2
1
1
0)
15
11
5
6
16
12
10
1
2
3
2
6
13
19
51
55
51
56
28
7
8
12
15
7
25
26
13
23
21
17
3
1
(*)
0)
24
23
26
17
4
25
13
6
6
1
0) - - -
21
23
9
22
21
18
3
1
0)
(i)
27
28
29
20
22
3
13
6
4
1
0) : : : :
3
58
59
59
49
49
3
3
6
9
56
21
24
21
29
34
96
70
74
59
63
2
8
10
11
21
0)
1
7
5
3
1
1
1
0)
1
5
56
57
54
51
48
3
2
5
6
49
18
23
24
33
35
2
0)
---
8
3
2
9
7
8
9
14
14
13
1
1
4
3
5
15
20
55
54
53
58
29
9
9
13
10
9
8 Including less than 1 per cent under 44.
28
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T able 4.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14 specified oceupotions, 1910 to 1928, by department, sex, and year—Continued
Occupation, sex, and year
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Per cent of wage earners whose full-time hours per
week were—
Aver
Num age
ber of full
Over
Over
Over
Over
wage time
54,
earn hours
48,
44,
45,
54 un
44 un 45 un 48 un
ers
per
60
der
der
week
der
der
51
57
45
48
FITTING AND STITCHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Vampers:
Male..
Female..
.1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1916..
1918..
1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928..
.1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1916. .
1918..
1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928..
71
79
79
85
121
132
111
98
99
123
119
343
483
554
534
624
573
400
357
304
294
270
55.5
55.5
55.0
54.8
54.6
54.6
51.5
47.9
47.8
48.2
48.2
48.2
1,124
1,088
1,072
1,116
1,383
1,477
1,313
1,142
1,053
1,170
56.9
56.5
55.1
54.7
54.1
53.9
51.7
48.8
49.0
49.4
49.1
49.3
1,022
24
27
14
30
35
34
4
22
18
23
13
9
9
4
11
8
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
79
24
26
11
20
20
14
4
1
1
0)
28
27
28
23
24
4
14
7 (. . . .
6
*2 __
1 ____
43
32
41
27
34
24
9
12
11
6
5
32
18
27
33
34
12
(*)
1
2
1
2
23
24
19
24
15
9
4
2
6
9
1
0)
LASTING DEPARTMENT
machine:
Male..
g-over
1911..
1912..
1913..
19141916..
1918..
1920..
1922..
19241926-.
1928-
17
50
54
64
97
102
88
70
81
113
116
218
542
597
708
801
726
691
593
421
541
537
55.4
55.8
55.4
55.3
55.0
52.6
48.6
49.0
49.3
49.1
49.0
19201922..
192419261928-
23
15
8
9
10
77
58
33
36
26
48.5
39.0
50.0
49.6
49.9
*1910191119121913—
19141916191819201922192419261928-
35
54
65
65
70
93
104
93
86
92
121
117
513
793
1,127
1,220
1,173
1,336
1,303
1,252
1,167
1,082
1,279
1,207
* Less than 1 per cent.
1
3
1
1
0)
9
1
2
3
7
56.4
56.1
55.6
55.2
55.1
55.0
52.1
48.7 *5
3
48.9
3
49.1
3
49.1
49.2
3
2 Including 1 per cent under 44.
0)
0)
23
5
3
2
3
3
2
0)
1
(0
0)
5
60
61
52
49
50
6
2
6
4
38
20
23
30
39
32
55
74
52
25
15
4
6
5
5
18 30
67
77 "~8~
2
67
60
59
53
51
2
51
14
18
21
35
34
5
5
7
9
12
(0
(0
2
1
4
3
3
9
10
15
15
14
3
16
5
3
4
(>)
6
33
33
40
41
30
31
15
—— 10
12
3 11
1
6
4
6
15 30
25 23
19 22
29 16
38 14
37 12
10
7
1
1
1
1
2
3Including less than 1 per cent under 44.
19
15
11
3
3
4
0)
29
REGULAR OR CUSTOMARY HOURS OP OPERATION
T a b le 4.—^Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14 specified occu
pations, 1910 to 1928, by department, sex, and year—Continued
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Occupation, sex, and year
Per cent of wage earners whose full-time hours per
week were—
Aver
Num age
ber of full
wage time
Over
Over
Over
Over
earn hours
44,
45,
48,
54,
ers
per
44 un 45 un 48 un
60
54 un
der
der
der
der
week
45
48
51
57
LASTING DEPARTMENT—-Continued
Turn lasters, hand (including
first and second lasters):
/Male........................ 1912..
1913..
1914..
19161918..
19201922192419261928..
452
524
689
974
752
666
571
496
736
706
20
5
5
1
55.6
55.0
54.4
54.9
53.8
47.1
48.5
48.2
47.7
47.9
BOTTOMING DEPARTMENT
Goodyear stitchers:
Male........................1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1916.
1918.
1920.
1922.
1924..
1926.
1928Edge trimmers:
Male........................1910—
1911..
1912..
191319141916.
1918.
19201922.
1924.
19261928-
45
61
70
70
74
97
105
86
77
79
55
71
81
81
85
129
138
112
100
102
127
131
642
594
656
543
505
517
461
573
765
827
1,081
1,015
828
789
686
808
754
56.3
55.9
55.9
55.2
55.1
54.8
52.4
48.6 24
3
48.6
4
48.8
48.9
3
48.9
3
56.4
56.5
55.9
55.4
55.1
54.9
52.5
48.7 34
2
48.9
49.1
3
3
49.2
49.1
3
1
2
3
3
2
0)
1
0)
0)
68
67
62
58
57
2
49
15
15
22
33
31
1
2
1
6
5
3
1
1
(0
3
59
55
56
51
51
2
5
43
19
24
26
36
35
6
5
6
9
12
15
14
19
14
17
2
2
3
(0
__
0)
1
10
7
6
6
11
12
13
0)
1
3
1
4
21
15
12
4
2
3
(9
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
Edge setters:
Male.......
.1910..
1911..
19121913..
19141916191819201922„
1924..
19261928..
54
68
560
722
78
77
86
131
138
112
99
102
129
133
872
966
924
845
779
681
765
738
1 Less than 1 per cent.
2 Including 1 per cent under 44.
48427°—29—
3
56.3
56.3
55.8
55.3
55.2
54.9
52.7
48.7 35
48.9
2
49.1
3
49.1 34
49.1
3
1
2
__
6
5
2
1
1
0)
1
2
58
55
57
50
51
3
5
40
21
22
25
35
33
13 17
8 26
7 35
8 36
13 21
13 27
15 17
8
0)
1 9
2 10
1
7
4
6
25
24
24
33
43
39
18
2
2
1
1
2
9 Including less than 1 per cent under 44.
* Including 2 per cen t under 44.
26
25
22
19
17
13
8
0)
18
17
13
3
3
3
0)
30
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T able 4.—Average and classified fulltime hours per week in 14 specified
potions, 1910 to 1928, by department, sex, and year—Continued
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Occupation, sex, and year
Num
ber of
wage
earn
ers
Per cent of wage earners whose full-time hours per
week were—
Aver
age
full
Over
time
Over
Over
Over
45,
48, 151,
54, 57,
hours
44,
111“ 54 un
per
44 un 45 un 48 un der
un 60
der 54
der
week
der der
der
45
48
51
57 60
FIN ISH IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Treers, hand and machine:
Male........................1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1916..
1918..
1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928..
Female....... ........... 1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1916..
1918..
1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928..
R epairers (not cobblers)
(including tip fixers and
scourers):
Male........................1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928..
.1920..
1922..
1924..
1926..
1928..
Female..
44
63
73
73
80
124
125
98
90
93
114
118
832
1,006
1,143
1,110
1,204
1,652
1,387
1,106
970
948
1,088
1,072
55.9
56.0
55.8
55.3
55.3
54.9
52.3
48.3 8 6
48.6
3
48.8
3
49.2 34
49.2
4
3
7
7
1
1
1
2
11
1
3
7
53
59
61
49
52
2
42
16
18
21
36
31
21
10
10
11
14
18
18
4
1
2
2
4
17
26
34
37
27
36
11
3
9
10
8
7
10
18
40
41
8
1
2
3
0)
5
30
27
62
55
9
37
36
14
10
1
5
1
74
85
108
110
0)
1
1
5
36
54
69
59
45
41
14
31
27
31
24
35
49
6
4
1
66
63
59
48
56
11
16
23
30
28
1
2
6
6
10
3
1
54
62
67
59
51
13
13
17
28
33
1
1
2
2
7
5
6
7
8
8
107
144
211
296
228
184
302
57
49
48
53
48
87
79
77
110
120
i Less than 1 per cent.
9
1
1
49.0
128
134
48.1
48.3
48.9
48.2
48.5
9
6
7
17
9
711
668
624
925
832
47.7
48.2
48.8
49.0
49.4
11
0)
1
1
1
126
102
3
1
1
15
14
4
1
1
0)
0)
27
31
23
29
38
29
15
18
18
19
20
18
10
5
17
15
14
4
3
2
0)
43
29
16
26
27
44
1
1
1
1
12
.....
8
14
4
1
2
11
4
2
2
3
0)
1
2
8 Including less than 1 per cent under 44.
Full-time hours, per week and per day, of a boot and shoe factory
are the regular hours when the factory is working its fixed standard
of full-time hours on each day of the week with no overtime and no
short time.
Table 5 shows the regular full-time hours per week and per day of
each establishment that was included in each State in 1928. The
full-time hours per week range from 44 for 8 shoe factories to 55}/i
for 1 factory. The hours of 71, or 45 per cent of the 157 shoe factories
included in the 1928 study, were 48 per week and the hours of part of
the employees in 7 other plants were 48 per week. The hours per day,
Monday to Friday, range from 8 for 8 factories to 10 for 3 and 10 for
part of the employees of 4. The hours on Saturday range from 3 to
9. Two establishments had a 9-hour day on each day of the week and
3 establishments had no Saturday work.
CHANGES IN WAGE RATES SINCE JULY 1, 1926
31
T a b l e 5*— Number of establishments in each State working at classified group of
full-time hours per week and per day, 1928
Full-time hours
per day
Full-time hours per
week
44 hours.
45 hours.
47 hours.
48 hours.
49H hours.
48 hours1—
50 hours 2__
48 hours i__
50 hours 2__
48 hours
50 hours a__
50 hours.
50H hours.
51 hours. . .
52H hours.
53 hours.._
53H hours.
54 hours.. .
50 hours 1___
55 hours 2___
53% hours
55 hours 2___
54 hours 1___
55 hours 2___
54 hours1___
55 hours 2___
55 hours____
55J4 hours-..
Mon
day
to
Fri
day
8
9
m
8H
8$Ho
8H
8Ko
, 8%
9
IS%
29
18%
29
19
39
9
9
m
m
9
m
\9
\m
19
no
19 U
210
no
210
19%
210
10
10
Number of establishments in -
Satur
day
s
4
0
4
5
m
4H
4tt
4H
m
1426
25
14H
25
13
25
5
5H
5
5
8
3
16
3
43
6
3
3
1
38
3
1
4
1
1
6
9
5H
4H
15
25
15
25
14
25
14H
25 } 5
5H
Total....... ........................ ............. .
i Females.
9
2
3
1
8
50
11
10
21
157
2 Males.
CHANGES IN WAGE RATES SINCE JULY 1, 1926
Only 22 of the 157 establishments covered in 1928 reported changes
in wage rates between July 1, 1926 and the period of the 1928 study.
Rates were increased in 1 and decreased in 21 factories, as shown in
Table 6.
32
T a b le
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
6 .—
Change in wage, rates in the 22 establishments between July 1, 1926,
and the period of the 1928 study
Employees whose rates were changed
All employees__
__ _________ __________________________
D o................................................ .............................................
D o......................................................................... - ...................
A ll pieceworkers___________________________________________
A il employees____ _________________________________________
A ll except 3 packers________________________________________
-All in luting and bottoming departments____________________
A ll pieceworkers in la s t in g and bottoming departments........ .....
All in fitting room............................................................................
A ll except those in fitting room______________________________
All employees______________________________________________
A ll pieceworkers in cutting and stitching departments ________
All except time workers and a few pieceworkers_______________
Innersole cutters____________________________________________
Outsole cutters_____________________________________________
Amount of change—
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
1
1
1
8
2
1
1
1
>
:1
1
1
1
Increase
12
per cent
Decrease
5 per cent.
10 per cent.
10 per cent.
7 per cent.
10 per cent.
5 per cent.
3 per cent.
flO per cent.
\5 per cent.
10 to 15 per cent.
8 to 10 per cent.
5 to 10 per cent.
$3 per week.
$1.40 per week.
PAY FOR OVERTIME
Overtime is generally considered as time worked in excess of the
regular full-time hours per day and per week and is sometimes paid
for at a higher rate than is paid for regular working time.
Of the 157 establishments included in the 1928 study, 18 paid one
and one-half times the regular rate for overtime to all of their em
ployees, 1 paid one and one-half times the regular rate to time workers
in the treeing department, 1 paid one and one-half times the regular
rate to all employees for any work done on Sundays and holidays, one
paid 20 cents per hour extra to employees in the cutting department
and 10 cents per hour extra to employees in all other departments,
and 136 reported the same rate of pay for overtime as for regular
work.
BONUS SYSTEMS
Only 33 of the 157 establishments covered had bonus systems in
effect at the time of the 1928 study. The basis or kind of bonus, the
wage earners entitled to receive the bonus, the amount of the bonus,
and the conditions necessary in order to receive the bonus are pre
sented in Table 7.
In 12 of the 33 establishments a “ leather saving” bonus was
paid to cutters only, by which their earnings were increased by
cutting more than a standard or specified number of pieces or parts
of shoes from a fixed quantity of leather. The amount of the bonus
varied with the quantity of leather saved. In one factory the quan
tity ranged, by individual workers, from 1 to 20 per cent of earnings.
In 2 establishments cutters were paid a “ leather saving and
production” bonus. To get the bonus a cutter was required to
cut a certain number of pairs per hour or per day and also to cut more
than a standard number of pairs from a given quantity of leather.
In 2 establishments a “ production” bonus was paid for producing
more than a set quantity of work in a given time.
The other 17 bonus systems are as shown in the table.
33
DATS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES. 1928
T a ble 7. — Bonus systems of 83 establishments in the boot and shoe industry, 1928
Wage earners
entitled
Kind of bonus
Amount of bonus
AttATlriftTlftA
Time workftrs
Leather saving________ Cutters___________
1
fe
1
a
Pay for
hour extra______
10 cents per square foot
saved.
Attendance___________ All employees______ Pay for H hour extra______
Earnings.____ ________ Pieceworkers
10 per cent of earnings, me
dium grade; 30 per cent,
high grade shoes.
Efficiency____________
10 per cent of earnings_____
Conditions
Full-time attendance )
Quantity of leather
saved.
Full-time attendance. '
Earnings___________
Punctuality and cor
rect work
Do some work______
Quantity of leather
saved.
10 to 20 per cent of earnings._ ____ do_____________
Varies___________________ ____ do________
m to 5H cents per pair of Quantity and qual
shoes.
ity of leather saved.
Varies______________ __ ____ do__________ _
Earnings___________
____ do........................ ....... do...................................
Leather saving________ Cutters.................... Varies___________________
Do............................
Do....... ....................
Leather saving and pro
duction.
Leather saving, produc
tion, and quality.
Do...........................
Production___________
____ do.......... .............
Sole cutters________
C utters...................
____ do.......... .............
1i
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
____ do________ ____
Quantity and qual
ity of.
Cut more than speci
fied number.
Quantity and qual
ity of work.
Hours worked__ - __
....... do........................ 1 to 20 per cent____________
Cutting-room em Varies with quantity and
ployees.
quality of Work.
Do............................ Outsole cutters........ Not to exceed $1 per day___
day.
Production and effi Cutters and sorters. _ $1 to $3 per week__________
ciency.
Production and ma Side lasters,
in- Varies_________ _________
terial saving.
seamers, edge trim
mers, edge setters,
and stitchers.
Profit sharing_________ All employees. ......... About $1.72 per week______ Weeks worked___ _
Service_______________ Not reported_______ 5 to 10per cent____________ Years of service____
._____
Do........................... All employees.......... VftriAR _____ _
Years of continuous
service.
Production...............
Cutters.............. ...... 4 cents per pair, all over 11 Cut over 11 pairs per
pairs per hour.
hour.
Efficiency____________ Tack cutters and 5 cents per case___________ Production, thread
tack inspectors.
saved, and no
tacks missed.
Leather saving and pro Cutters____________ 8 cents per pair for hand- Quantity and qualduction.
cutters, 6 cents for ma
lity of leather saved
chine cutters.
1
!
1
2
1
10
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
DAYS WORKED BY EMPLOYEES, 1928
Table 8 shows the classification of employees in each of 14 repre
sentative occupations, by number of days on which they actually
worked in one week in 1928. Any part of a day on which an em
ployee did any work was counted as a day.
The average number of days worked by employees in an occupa
tion is a simple average which was obtained by dividing the aggre
gate number of days on which any work was done in the week by
the total number of employees in the occupation.
The 1,777 cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand, male—in the first
occupation in the table—worked an average of 5.5 days in one week,
and 64 per cent of them worked on 6 days in the week, 27 per cent
worked on 5 days, 5 per cent on 4 days, 2 per cent on 3 days, 2 per
cent on 2 days, and 1 per cent of them worked on only 1 day in the
week.
34
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b l e 8*—
Number of days on which employees in 14 specified occupations worked
in one week, 1928, by occupation and sex
Per cent of employees who in one
Average
week worked—
Num Num number
of
days
ber of ber of on which
estab em employees
lish ploy worked
2
1
4
5
6
3
ments ees
day days days days days days
in one
week
Occupation and sex
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand:
Male......... ..............................................
Skivers, upper:
Male....................................................
Female__..............................................
Cementers and doublers (including rein
forcers, pasters, and fitters):
Male....................................................
Female. ...............................................
Lining makers (including lining closers,
and side and top facing stitchers):
Female....................................................
Top stitchers (including undertrimmers
and barber trimmers):
Male....................................................
Female.................................................
Vampers:
Male___...............................................
Female.................................................
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine:
Male___..............................................
Female.................................................
Bed-machine operators: Male____ _____
Turn lasters, hand (including first and
second lasters): Male___........................
Goodyear stitchers: Male.................... ...
Edge trimmers: Male...............................
Edge setters: Male................ ..................
Treers:
Male................................................... .
Female......... .......................................
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip
fixers and scourers):
Male................ ....................................
Female.................................................
110
1,777
5.5
1
2
2
5
27
64
34
110
98
541
5.4
5.5
2
2
1
1
3
6
4
27
24
62
68
5
124
9
1,318
5.7
5.5
1
2
3
11
5
11
26
78
64
129
1,046
5.5
1
1
3
4
31
61
30
124
132
1,399
5.5
5.5
1
2
1
3
3
6
6
22
26
67
63
54
119
270
1,022
5.7
5.5
1
1
2
3
3
20
28
77
66
116
10
117
537
26
1,207
5.5
5.6
5.6
2
2
2
1
2
2
31
19
26
63
77
69
31
89
131
133
706
461
754
738
5.2
5.6
5.6
5.6
1
4
1
2
2
60
26
26
26
34
71
70
69
118
36
1,072
239
5.6
5.5
48
120
134
832
5.6
5.5
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
l
1
3
1
1
2
4
25
23
71
69
i
2
2
4
2
3
28
23
69
67
i
l
INDEX NUMBERS OF EMPLOYMENT AND OF PAY ROLLS, 1923 TO 1928
Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls in the boot and shoe
industry are presented in Table 9 for each month, January, 1923, to
December, 1928, and for each of the years 1923 to 1928, inclusive.
These numbers were computed from the volume of employment and
the amount of the pay rolls for each of the months and years, with the
1926 average taken as the base or 100 per cent. The numbers are
as published by the bureau in monthly reports on “ Trend of Employ
ment” in the United States.
During the period January, 1923, to December, 1928, monthly
employment was highest (with an index of 116.4) in February and
March, 1923, and lowest (with an index of 87.3) in May and Decem
ber, 1928, and pay rolls were highest (129.2) in March, 1923, and
lowest (74.5) in November, 1928. Index numbers of employment
by years were 111.1 in 1923, 101.6 in 1924, 102.9 in 1925, 100 in 1926,
97.7 in 1927, and 91.9 in 1928; and of pay rolls were 117 in 1923,102.8
{\ in 1Q9A
in n in 1 Q9fi Q7 ft in 1 Q97 on A ftS in 1 0 9 8
35
IMPORTANCE OP THE INDUSTRY
T a b l e 9.— Index numbers of employment and of pay rolls, January, 1928, to
December, 1928, by month and year
[Average for 1926=100]
Employment
Pay-roll totals
Month
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1923
1924
1925
1926
(1927
115.4
116.4
116.4
113.9
111.6
107.9
105.7
110.6
110.2
109.2
108.8
107.3
107.7
108.2
108.8
102.7
98.1
92.3
93.2
98.9
102.2
103.6
102.6
101.0
105.0
107.0
107.0
102.4
100.1
94.8
99.0
105.0
107.0
106.4
102.3
98.3
100.6
102.7
100.9
95.3
93.9
94.2
98.3
103.3
104.9
104.4
102.2
99.4
101.2
101.4
101.3
96.2
94.3
93.8
98.0
102.0
102.2
99.6
92.4
90,0
94.3
96.2
95.6
90.4
87.3
87.6
92.6
94.8
95.1
93.6
87.8
87.3
124.6
126.2
129.2
124.6
121.4
115.2
106.9
113.7
113.1
111.1
106.8
110.8
111.5
112.5
111.7
100.6
95.4
89.8
90.4
103.7
109.8
109.0
97.4
101.2
106.4
111.6
112.0
102.2
100.5
93.9
100.2
112.7
107.1
107.1
96.0
93.9
98.5
104.1
102.5
90.8
87.1
93.8
100.7
109.7
109.2
108.3
99.5
96.4
98.4
90.4
105.7
97.4
103.3 ' 95.6
80.2
95.8
92.6
76.3
93.5
82.0
100.9
90.6
110.4
98.0
107.5
97.0
98.1
92.4
81.9
74.5
82.5
81.3
Average— 111.1
101.6
102.9
100.0
97.7
91.9
117.0
102.8
103.6
100.0
January---------February..........
March..............
April.................
M ay..................
June.—............
July..................
August..............
September........
October............
November........
December.........
97.6
1928
88.0
IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY
The importance of the boot and shoe industry in the United States
in each of the specified years from 1899 to 1927 and in each State for
1925, in number of establishments, in average number of wage earners,
in amount of wages, in cost of materials, in value of products, and in
value added by manufacture, as reported by the United States Bureau
of the Census, is shown in Table 10. Computations, based on these
figures, to show the average per wage earner for each of the items have
been made and are shown in the table.
The average number of wage earners and the amount paid to wage
earners was greater in 1923 than in any of the other years for which
data are shown. The average annual wages per wage earner ranged
from $412.05 in 1899 to $1,116.90 in 1921. The averages by States
in 1925 ranged from $817.33 to $1,384.63.
The per cent wages formed of the value added by manufacture does
not show a very wide variation from year to year. It was lowest,
47.9 per cent, in 1919 and highest, 64.7 per cent, in 1899. The per
cent wages formed of the value added by manufacture in the various
States in 1925 ranged from 39.8 to 61.1.
36
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a ble 10.— Number of establishments, wage earners, amount of wages, cost of
materials, value of products,
shoes producedy 1899 to 1927
added by manufacture, and number of pairs of
[From United States Census of Manufactures]
State and year
United States:
1904...
1909...
1914...
1919...
19211_.
1923
1925 i..
1927 i_.
vm
Massachusetts...
New York...........
Missouri..............
Illinois.................
Ohio.....................
New Hampshire.
Pennsyl vania----Wisconsin............
Maine..................
Minnesota...........
Maryland............
New Jersey.........
Michigan.............
All other States..
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Average
Amount
number paid
to wage
of wage
earners
earners
Cost of
materials
Value of
products
Value added
by manu
facture
1,599
1,316
1,343
1,355
1,449
1,505
1,606
1,460
1,357
141,830
149,924
185,116
191,555
211,049
183,502
225,216
206,992
203,110
$58,440,883
69,059,680
92,359,152
105,695,404
210,734,610
204,954,095
250,345,922
225,787,981
225,090,242
$168,632,654
197,363,495
277,467,743
310,356,586
715,269,315
478,432,445
527,456,868
481,631,964
494,553,016
$258,969,580
320.107.458
442,630,726
501.760.458
1,155,041,436
867,475,896
1,000,078,022
925,383,422
944,714,463
$90,336,926
122,743,963
165,162,983
191,403,872
439,772,121
389,043,451
472,621,154
443,751,458
450,161,447
537
334
68
60
57
59
109
64
39
13
14
19
57,405
39,157
24,003
65,496,971
54,217,989
22,899,021
13,201,352
13,528,420
11,911,466
10,733,803
10,966,825
9,183,059
1,828,584
1,607,331
1,781,942
898,248
7,532,970
119,764,801
100,538,585
67,839,890
33,163,207
26,076,499
29,356,962
20,918,509
28,755,092
18,927,117
4,754,849
3,568,136
3,464,481
2,409,978
22,093,858
240,943,504
191,375,288
124,327,761
66,366,813
51,546,890
52,631,681
42,037,228
53,954,002
38,113,599
8,224,069
6,196,727
7,171,553
4,544,765
37,949,542
121,178,703
90,836,703
56,487,871
33,203,606
25,470,391
23.274.719
21.118.719
25,198,910
19,186,482
3,469,220
2,628,591
3,707,072
2,134,787
15,855,684
11
76
12,768
12,275
11,438
10,507
9,633
2,034
1,844
1,724
1,099
9,172
Average
per capita Cost of
yearly
materials
earnings per wage
of wage
earner
earners
Value of
products
per wage
earner
Value
added by
manufac
ture per
wage
earner
Average
Per
produc
cent
tion of
wages boots
are of shoes and
per
value
wage
added
earner
State and year
Number of
pairs of
boots and
shoes pro
duced
United States:
1899.............................
1904..............................
1909..............................
1914..............................
1919..............................
19211...........................
1923 i...........................
1925 i...........................
1927 1...........................
217,965,419
242,110,035
285,017,181
292,666,468
331,224,628
286,771,101
351,114,273
323,553,065
343,605,905
$412.05
460.63
498.93
551.78
998.51
1,116.90
1, 111. 58
1,090.81
1,108.22
$1,188.98
1,316.42
1,498.89
1,620.20
3,389.12
2,607.23
2,342.01
2,326.82
2,434.90
$1,825.92
2,135.13
2,391.10
2,619.41
5,472.86
4,727.34
4,440.53
4,470.63
4,651.25
$636.94
818.71
892.21
999.21
2,083.75
2,120.10
2,098.53
2,143.81
2,216.34
64.7
56.3
55.9
55.2
47.9
52.7
53.0
50.9
50.0
1,537
1,615
1,540
1,528
1,569
1,563
1,559
1,563
1,692
72,266,595
72,595,033
2 72,466,613
1,140.96
1,384.63
954.01
947.49
1,059.56
970.38
938.43
1,043.76
953.29
899.01
871.65
1,033.61
817.33
821.30
2,086.31
2,567.58
2,826.31
2,380.19
2,042.33
2,391.61
1,828.86
2,736.76
1,964.82
2,337.68
1,935.00
2,009.56
2,192.88
2,408.84
4,197.26
4,887.38
5,179.68
4,763.28
4,037.19
4,287.71
3,675.23
5,135.05
3,956.57
4,043.30
3,360.48
4,159.83
4,135.36
4,137.50
2,110.94
2,319.81
2,353.37
2,383.09
1,994.86
1,896.11
1,846.36
2,398.30
1,991.75
1,705.61
1,425.48
2,150.27
1,942.48
1,728.71
54.0
59.7
40.5
39.8
53.1
51.2
50.8
43.5
47.9
52.7
61.1
48.1
42.1
47.5
1,259
1,854
*1,910
1925
Massachusetts...................
New York..........................
Missouri............................
Illinois____ ____ ________
Ohio...................................
New Hampshire...............
Pennsylvania....................
Wisconsin..........................
Maine................................
Minnesota.........................
Maryland..........................
New Jersey........................
Michigan...........................
All other States.................
15,621,439
18,296,422
17,309,661
16,901,651
16,717,333
(3)
8
(3)
21,378,308
1 Data for establishments with products less than $5,000 in value not included.
2 Including Illinois.
8 Included with “ All other States. ”
1,223
1,491
1,513
1,609
1,735
(3)
s
0
1,347
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
37
SCOPE AND METHOD
The wage data used in compiling this report were obtained from
establishments engaged wholly or mainly in the production of men’s,
women’s, or children’s shoes by the welt, McKay, or turn process.
Data are for wage earners in the productive occupations in the in
dustry. Data for executives, office clerks, foremen, power-house
employees, and those engaged on maintenance or construction work
are not included.
The 1928 figures in this bulletin are for 28,312 male and 20,346
female wage earners of 157 representative boot and shoe factories.
Twenty-four of the factories produced men’s shoes only; 6 produced
men’s and women’s; 9 produced men’s and boys’ ; 2 produced men’s,
boys’, and youths’ ; 1 produced men’s and children’s; 4 produced
men’s, women’s, and children’s; 1 produced men’s, women’s, boys’,
and misses’ ; 67 produced women’s only; 4 produced women’s and
children’s; 4 produced women’s, children’s, and misses’ ; 1 produced
women’s, misses’, boys’, and youths’ ; 3 produced children’s; 2 produced
children’s and infants’ ; 4 produced children’s and misses’ ; 1 produced
misses’, children’s, and infants’ ; 22 cut insoles or outsoles only; 1 cut
uppers for another plant of the company; and 1 cut and stitched
uppers for another plant of the company.
Welt shoes were produced by 56 establishments; welt and McKay
by 12; welt and turn by 15; welt, McKay, and turn by 4; welt and
nailed by 1; welt, turn, and Littleway process by 1; McKay by 31;
McKay and turn by 1; McKay and stitchdown by 1; turn by 10;
turn and stitchdown by 1; and the other 24 did not make shoes but
cut soles and uppers for shoe factories.
A comparatively small number of the establishments covered in
1928 cut sole-leather parts and sell them to other establishments or
furnish such parts to some of their own factories that have not been
included in the study. Therefore, data for the sole-leather depart
ment of such establishments are for only a representative number of
the employees in that department. Because many companies pur
chase the various sole-leather parts from those companies which
specialize in the production of such parts, it was necessary to include
24 of the latter in order to cover all shoe-factory operations and
make the data representative of the industry.
Data were not collected from any establishment in which 50 per
cent or more of the products were pegged or nailed shoes or slippers.
The data for a few large establishments are for only a part of the
total number of employees of such establishments, as the inclusion
of all wage earners of such establishments would have tended to give
undue weight to such establishments and therefore to impair the
representative character of the averages for the States in which such
establishments are located.
A very large per cent of the establishments in this industry pay
their employees every week. In order to present figures for all
establishments and employees for the same length of pay period,
days, hours, and earnings were also collected for one week from the
very few establishments that pay every two weeks.
Practically all of the 1928 data are for a pay-roll period in June,
July, August, or September. The averages, therefore, are representa
tive of wage conditions in those months.
38
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
The number of establishments for which data have been presented
for each of the years since 1907 is as follows:
Establishments
190
190
190
191
191
191
191
191
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
_______
______________
26
26
26
60
81
81
88
91
Establishments
1916____________________
1918____________________
1920____________________
1922____________________
1924____________________
1926____________________
1928____________________
136
143
117
104
106
154
157
The data used in this report were taken by agents of the bureau
directly from the pay rolls and other records of the establishments
included in the study for a representative pay period in each of the
years covered. A very large proportion of the establishments covered
in 1928 were also included in the studies of former years.
In selecting establishments from which to obtain data the bureau
undertook to represent all States in which boot and shoe manufac
turing is of material importance, the measure of importance being the
number of wage earners as reported by the United States Bureau of
the Census.
Table 11 shows by States the number of establishments and wage
earners for which 1928 data are presented in this bulletin. For com
parison the figures as reported by the United States Bureau of the
Census for 1925, the latest year for which figures are available, are
also shown. The table shows that approximately 96 per cent of the
wage earners are in 13 of the 14 States for which data are presented,
no separate figures being given for Virginia by the Census Bureau.
T a b le 11.— Number of wage earners in the boot and shoe industry in the United
States according to 1925 census, and number of establishments and employees for
which data are shown for 1928, by States
State
Establishments and em
ployees for which data
Number of
are shown by the
wage earn
Bureau of Labor Sta
ers reported
tistics for 1928
by United
States Cen
sus Office, Number of
Number of
19251
establish
employees
ments
Massachusetts......................... ............
New York...............................................
Missouri_____ _____ ________________
O h io ......................................................
New Hampshire...................................
Pennsylvania..........................................
Illinois-.................................. ................
W isconsin.............. .................. ...............
Maine......................................................
New Jersey............................................
Minnesota_____________________ ____
Michigan______________ ,____________
Maryland and Virginia.........................
All other States................................ ......
57,405
39,157
24,003
12,768
12,275
11,438
13,933
10,507
9,633
1,724
2,034
1,099
21,844
9,172
50
21
11
7
10
12
9
11
6
4
4
4
8
11,769
8,944
5,956
3,451
3,072
2,994
4,123
2,550
2,547
733
554
328
1,637
Total..............................................
206,992
157
48,658
1 Not including wage earners in establishments each of which had annual production valued at less
than $5,000.
2 Maryland only, the figures for Virginia being included with “ All other States” by the Census.
OCCUPATIONS IN THE INDUSTRY
39
The average earnings per hour for employees in each occupation
were computed by dividing the total earnings of all employees in
the occupation during the pay-roll period by the total hours worked
by such employees.
A very large per cent of the wage earners in this industry are piece
workers. No separation has been made of piece workers and time
workers.
In establishments where the time actually worked by piece workers
is not of record, arrangements were made by agents of the bureau for
a day-by-day record of all time actually worked by each employee
who did any piece work during the selected pay-roll period.
Average full-time hours per week for employees in each occupation
were computed by dividing the total full-time hours per week of all
employees in the occupation by the total employees in the occupation
during the pay-roll period covered.
Full-time hours per week, as presented in the tables of this report,
do not in any way indicate the amount of employment or of unem
ployment during the pay periods covered in any of the years for which
data are shown. In computing average full-time hours each employee
was credited with his regular full-time hours per week regardless of
the number of hours actually worked by him in the week covered by
the study. Some employees of an occupation or of an establishment
may have worked more than full time during the pay period taken,
due to overtime work, while others may have worked less than full
time because of sickness or injury or of entering or leaving the service
during the pay period or for other causes.
Average full-time earnings per week for employees in each occupa
tion were computed by multiplying the average earnings per hour of
all employees in the occupation by the average full-time hours per
week. This assumes that the earnings for full-time would have been
at the same average rate per hour as was received during the time
actually worked in the pay period covered by this study.
OCCUPATIONS IN THE INDUSTRY
The occupations for which data are presented in this bulletin are
arranged below in order of manufacture and are defined in Bulletin
No. 232.
Cutting department:
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe,
hand.
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe,
machine.
Cutters, trimmings, hand (including dinkers and blockers).
V
U
l/l/C
X
O
, trimmings,
1
/1
llllllllllgo, machine.
U
IW
U
Cutters,
Skivers, upper.
Cutters, linings, hand.
Cutters, linings, machine.
Sole-leather department:
Cutters, outsole.
Cutters, insole.
Rounders, outsole or insole.
Channelers, outsole or insole.
Cutters, top and heel lifts, machine.
Heel builders, hand.
Heel builders, machine (including
compressors).
Fitting or stitching department:
Stampers, linings or uppers (in
cluding markers).
Cementers and doublers, hand and
machine (including reinforcers,
p
a is I'd © , and
u. fitters).
11U ucio ) .
pasters,
Folders, hand and machine.
Perforators.
Tip stitchers.
Closers or seamers.
Seam rubbers, hand and machine.
Lining makers (including lining
closers and side and top facing
stitchers).
Closers-on.
Top stitchers (including under
trimmers and barber trimmers).
Binders (including top banders).
Buttonhole makers.
Button fasteners.
Eyeleters (including hookers).
40
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
Fitting or stitching department— Con.
Vampers.
Barrers (including tackers).
Tongue stitchers.
Fancy stitchers.
Backstay stitchers (including back
strappers).
Table workers.
Lacers.
Lasting department:
Last pickers or sorters (including
last casers).
Assemblers, for pulling-over ma
chine.
Pullers-over, hand.
Pullers-over, machine.
Side lasters, hand.
Side lasters, machine.
Bed-machine operators.
Hand-method lasting machine op
erators.
Turn lasters, hand (including first
and second lasters).
Turn lasters, machine.
Turn sewers.
Tack pullers, hand and machine.
Bottoming department:
Goodyear welters (including inWelt beaters and slashers.
Bottom fillers, hand and machine.
Sole cementers, hand and machine
(including bottom cementers).
Sole layers, hand and machine.
Rough rounders.
Bottoming department—Continued
Channel openers and channel clos
ers (including channel layers,
channel turners, channel cement
ers, and lip turners.
Goodyear stitchers.
McKay sewers.
Stitch separators (including stitch
wheelers).
Levelers.
Heelers, leather.
Heelers, wood.
Heel trimmers or shavers.
Heel breasters.
Edge trimmers.
Sluggers.
Finishing department:
Buffers (including bottom scourers).
Edge setters.
Heel scourers (including first and
second scourers).
Heel burnishers (including stoners,
expediters, and heel slickers).
Bottom finishers (including bottom
slickers).
Brushers.
Shoe cleaners.
Last pullers, hand and machine.
Treers, hand and machine.
Repairers (not cobblers) (including
tip fixers and scourers).
Dressers.
Sock liners (including heel-lining,
heel-pad, and heel-pin pasters).
Lacers (before packing).
Packers.
All employees not listed above are tabulated as ‘ Other employees.
GENERAL TABLES
In addition to the text tables already shown, five general tables are
presented as follows:
T a b l e A —Average number of days on which employees worked,
average full-time and actual hours and earnings per week, average
earnings per hour, and per cent of full time worked, 1928, by occupa
tion, sex, and State.
#
The purpose of this table is to show the variations in hours and
earnings by occupations and States. The averages were computed
from the data collected in 1928. These are the averages of the days
on which employees actually worked in one week, of full-time hours
per week, of hours actually worked in one week, of earnings per hour,
and of full-time and of actual earnings in one week.
The presentation in this table in parallel columns of “Average
full-time hours per week” and “Average hours actually worked in
one week” is for the purpose of easy comparison of the hours that
would have been worked in one week had all employees in the occu
pation worked no more nor less than full time with the average hours
actually worked in the week. One shows the full-time hours per
week under normal conditions, while the other shows the hours
actually worked in one week by all employees in the occupation.
Tables B, C, D, and E are distribution tables and are limited to
14 principal occupations.
GENERAL TABLES
41
T a b l e B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified
occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State.
T a b l e C . —Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14
specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State.
T a b l e D.—Average and classified hours actually worked in one
week in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State.
T a b l e E.—Average and classified actual earnings in one week in
14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State.
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of futt time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State
T a b le
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
97 $0,845 $41.67
.662 35.22
95
101
.570 27.76
92
.895 42.96
0
0)
.616 30.12
( ,) w
81
.950 45.60
91
.699 34.32
94
.755 35.26
.974 45.68
95
81
.866 43.21
.597 29.91
91
94
.697 34.36
$39.76
33.54
27.95
39.33
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Aver
age
cent of
age
age
ber of ber of number
full hours
full
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
ments ees worked
per in week worked
in week week
in week
Occupation, sex, and State
C U T TIN G D E P A R T M E N T
Gutters, vamp and whole shoe,
hand, male:
Tllinnis ......
,
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts . w..... .
Michigan___________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri________________ ___
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York__________________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania _....
Wisconsin___________________
6
5
5
38
1
4
3
5
4
18
4
8
9
143
89
69
640
0)
31
62
75
45
267
119
131
104
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.4
0)
5.7
4.7
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.0
5.4
5.6
48.6
53.3
48.7
48.0
0)
48.9
48.0
49.1
46.7
46.9
49.9
50.1
49.3
48.6
38.7
44.6
43.7
44.4
40.6
45.6
46.5
110
1,777
5.5
48.6
44.8
92
.824
40.05
36.89
29
41
24
98
12
12
191
82
5.7
6.0
5.1
6.9
5.7
4.8
5.2
5.6
48.3
51.0
42.8
46.9
49.6
44.2
44.6
45.0
94
98
86
98
100
85
87
91
.621
.672
.555
.874
.530
.625
.546
.670
31.92
34.81
27.69
41.95
26.39
32.38
27.85
33.17
29.99
34.27
23.73
41.01
26.26
27.61
24.32
30.14
Ohio________________________
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
4
3
4
8
4
2
4
5
1
11
4
3
6
45.7
43.5
47.6
47.9
93
87
96
94
,9lO
.646
.646
.679
34.79
32.30
32.04
34.43
32.48
28.08
30.75
32.55
T otal....................................
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe,
machine, male:
Illinois........................................
Maine__________ ____ _______
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan___________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
N ftW
Y n rk \
.
_
r _.
. . .
.
248
73
11
59
(L
5.2
5.4
5.5
51.4
51.8
49.9
48.0
49.8
51.8
51.0
49.5
0)
49.0
50.0
49.6
50.7
<*)
47.1
50.7
49.0
44.0
0
<9
0)
0
29.90
36.73
31.17
33.03
43.22
35.22
27.22
32.40
0
Total.......................................
59
882
5.4
48.7
45.8
94
.669
32.58
30.66
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, ma
chine, female:
Illinois-.....................................
Michigan_____________ ______
Missouri............. .......................
New York............... .................
Wisconsin___________________
4
1
2
1
2
30
1
6
5.6
5.0
5.3
92
.489
.509
.386
0)
.446
24.69
25.45
19.30
0)
22.30
23.39
23.31
17.52
5.6
47.8
45.8
45.3
0)
46.1
95
92
91
( ,) 6
50.5
50.0
50.0
0)
50.0
Total.......................................
10
43
5.6
50.3
47.1
94
.471
23.69
22.20
Cutters, trimmings, hand (includ
ing dinkers and blockers), male:
Illinois........... ......... ................
Maine____________ __________
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts____________ _
5
6
3
34
40
68
15
263
5.8
5.4
5.6
5.4
48.8
53.9
48.9
47.9
45.0
47.0
46.6
43.9
92
87
95
92
.519
.405
.268
.613
25.33
21.83
13.11
29.36
23.39
19.03
12.46
26.93
i Data included in total.
0
S u
42
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a ble
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Num Num Aver
age
age
age
ber of ber of number
full hours
estab em of days time actually
lish ploy
hours worked
per in week
ments ees worked
in week week
Per
cent of
full
time
hours
worked
in week
Aver
Aver age
age
full
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
CUTTING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Cutters, trimmings, hand—Con.
M i c h i g a n . . , . . ______ „ _________
M in n e s o ta
_
......
Missouri____________________
M aw
H a m p s h ir e ..,
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio...........................................
2
4
5
5
4
16
P f ln n s y ly a n ia
4
8
Wisconsin______ _____ _______
T o ta l.
.......................................
5 .5
5 .8
5 .1
37
16
136
22
5 .5
5 .3
5 .6
5
40
24
5 .5
5 .1
5 .8
101
733
5 .5
Cutters, trimmings, hand (includ
ing dinkers and blockers), female:
I llin o is
2
15
55
1
1
0)
4 9 .6
4 9 .5
4 9 .1
4 8 .0
4 7 .7
4 9 .8
4 9 .9
5 0 .1
100
101
4 2 .8
86
86
86
97
87
4 2 .2
4 1 .5
5 0 .5
4 9 .0
4 6 .1
4 3 .2
4 3 .2
4 5 .7
4 8 .9
4 4 .6
86
93
$ 0 ,4 0 8
.3 4 7
.4 3 3
.4
.5
.5
.6
.4
8
6
7
2
4
9
3
5
4
2
$ 2 0 .4 0
1 7 .2 1
2
2
2
2
1
4
7
7
$ 2 0 .3 4
1 7 .4 1
.4 3
.0 1
.0 2
.4 3
1 8 .5 2
2 0 .6 4
2 3 .3 9
3 1 .0 8
2 2 .3 2
2 6 .9 6
1 9 .1 1
2 6 .4 7
.3 8 6
1 8 .9 1
1 7 .6 1
91
.5 3 0
2 5 .9 2
2 3 .6 5
( 1)
(l)
(l)
Ohio.......... .................................
2
7
0 )
5 .0
5 .9
(ij
2
2
5 0 .0
5 0 .0
4 5 .0
4 7 .6
90
95
.3 9 1
.3 5 0
1 9 .5 5
1 7 .5 0
1 7 .5 8
1 6 .6 3
Total—....................................
6
19
5 .6
4 9 .7
4 6 .1
93
.3 6 3
1 8 .0 4
1 6 .7 5
6
3
4
2
1
1
43
5 .6
5 0 .9
4 6 .3
91
.4 1 4
2 1 .0 7
15
12
2
(i)
5 .7
5 .1
5 .5
(i)
4 6 .1
4 3 .2
4 6 .2
(_l )
85
86
96
.4 1 5
.4 5 4
2 2 .4 1
2 2 .9 3
.7 1 0
3 4 .0 8
43
0 )
5 .1
Massachusetts....... ....................
M ic h ig a n
____
Cutters, trimmings, machine, male:
Illinois_____________________
M aine...................... ................
M a r y la n d
a n d
V i r g i n i a ___________
Massachusetts...____________
___________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri....................... .............
New Hampshire____________
New Jersey.............................
New York___________________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania-...........................
Wisconsin___________________
Total.......................................
5
1
(l)
5 0 .0
( 1)
b)
<*)
2
4
11
5
4
5
88
10
20
12
50
259
(h
5
5
4
5
54
50
48
M ic
.0
.5
.0
h ig a n
(4
5 0 .0
b)
( 1)
4 2 .9
86
5 .4
4
4
5
4
5
7
8
0
8
0
.6
.9
.0
.3
.1
4 9 .9
8
4
4
4
4
92
97
(l)
(l)
(i)
(l)
C1)
1 9 .1 8
1 9 .1 1
1 9 .6 2
3 2 .8 1
(i)
.4 0 4
2 0 .2 0
1 7 .3 3
.5 0 1
.4 2 1
.2 7 7
.3 8 8
2
2
1
1
2 1 .7 6
2 0 .0 1
0 )
(l)
.6
.5
.9
.6
b)
b)
%
.1
7 .4
6 .1
2 .7
8 .6
92
88
97
4 5 .9
92
.4 3 6
b)
&
4
1
3
9
.5
.0
.3
.4
0
5
8
4
b)
<9
1 7 .8 0
2 3 .7 8
1 9 .3 8
1 1 .8 1
1 8 .8 3
Cutters, trimmings, machine, fe
male:
I l l i n o i s ___________________ ___
Michigan__________________
Missouri................................... .
Ohio............................................
Wisconsin-—.............................
Total—....................................
Skivers, upper, male:
Illinois........... ...........................
Maine.............. ........ ..................
Maryland and Virginia. ...........
Massachusetts...........................
New Hampshire......................
New York..................................
Pennsylvania______________
Wisconsin..................................
T o t a l ______ ...Tn
...............................
Skivers, upper, female:
Illinois. .....................................
Maine.........................................
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts..... .....................
Michigan............... ...................
Minnesota..................................
* Data included in total.
3
1
2
2
1
11
0
13
5
0)
9
36
3
3
7
4
3
6
14
1
8
1
1
5 0 .0
4 9 .1
98
.3 2 3
1 6 .1 5
1 5 .8 5
5 .2
0 )
4 8 .6
0 )
4 5 .0
93
0 )
.4 3 6
&
(0
1 9 .6 3
5 .4
5 0 .0
4 6 .0
92
.4 0 4
(* )
0 )
5 .6
4 9 .4
1 7 .5 4
92
101
.3 0 0
.4 6 4
.4 5 4
1 5 .5 7
2 3 .6 6
2 2 .8 8
1 4 .3 4
2 4 .0 1
.6 7 4
3 2 .3 5
2 9 .1 4
.Z
0)
b)
(0
3 8 .2 9
0 )
3 8 .7 1
.6 5 3
3 1 .4 1
2 8 .6 9
.4 9 9
2 4 .4 5
2 6 .5 2
2 2 .7 2
1 7 .4 7
1 5 .8 9
2 4 .1 4
4 7 .8
5 1 .7
3 3 .1
52
5 .4
4 8 .0
(* )
24
0 )
5 .6
0 )
4 5 .8
0)
0 )
98
8
6
45
3
26
4
107
4 3 .2
4 6 .3
0 )
0 )
O)
(1)
66
90
io i"
5 .4
4 8 .1
4 3 .9
91
18
5 .6
5 .J J
4 9 .0
5 2 .2
4 5 .5
4 6 .4
17
5 .4
4 8 .8
4 4 .4
93
89
91
5 .7
4 7 .9
6.0
5.5
4 9 .7
4 9 .9
4 4 .6
4 9 .5
100
6
8
(0
1 8 .3 8
5 1 .0
5 0 .4
(9
1 8 .5 6
.3 7 2
5 1 .9
(l)
0
96
5 .9
(l)
(0
2 0 .2 0
4 7 .2
6 .0
4 .2
34
4
5 .9
0)
0)
4 7 .6
93
95
.5 0 8
.3 5 8
.5 4 2
.298
.358
0 )
b)
2 5 .9 6
1 4 .8 1
1 7 .8 6
1 5 .0 1
0 )
b)
2 3 .5 7
1 4 .7 6
1 7 .0 6
43
GENERAL TABLES
Average number of days on which employees worked, average futt time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and
— Continued
T a b l e A..—
Per
Aver Aver
cent of
Num Num Average
full
age
age
full
ber of ber of
time
time hours hours
estab em- number
lish ploy- of days hours actually worked
worked
worked
ments
in week per in week in week
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Aver age
age
full
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
CUTTING DEPARTMENT-Continued
Skivers, upper, female—Contd.
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey_________________
New York__________________
Ohio_ _______ ______ _________
P^nnsylvariia.... ..................... ..
Wisconsin _„ „ _____
7
9
3
15
7
8
10
56
47
12
94
42
37
52
5.5
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.4
50.5
49.0
46.0
48.5
49.9
50.4
48.9
44.9
46.4
41.4
44.4
44.9
45.0
44.6
89 $0,391 $19.75
94
.417 20.43
.518 23.83
90
92
.474 22.99
.414 20.66
90
.448 22.58
89
.414 20.24
91
$17.56
19.32
21.43
21.04
18.62
20.18
18.45
no
541
5.5
49.1
44.9
91
.458
22.49
20.59
3
4
3
33
2
2
5
4
4
15
3
7
6
8
12
31
127
2
2
11
24
4
42
26
31
18
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.6
6.0
5.0
5.3
5.8
5.3
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.7
48.9
52.1
48.2
47.9
49.0
48.0
48.7
49.5
47.6
47.6
49.9
50.6
48.7
47.3
52.4
45.8
44.5
49.0
41.5
44.2
46.6
44.0
43.8
42.1
46.3
46.7
97
101
95
93
100
86
91
94
92
92
84
92
96
.700
.656
.378
.734
.454
.522
.659
.581
.676
.794
.716
.447
.568
34.23
34.18
18.22
35.16
22.25
25.06
32.09
28.76
32.18
37.79
35.73
22.62
27.66
33.12
34.39
17.31
32.66
22.25
21.65
29.14
27.09
29.74
34.81
30.12
20.68
26.51
Total_____________________
91
338
5.5
48.7
45.1
93
.649
31.61
29.30
Cutters, linings, hand, female:
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan___________________
Ohio________________________
1
1
1
0)
)n
m
O)
Total_____________________
Cutters, linings, hand, male:
Illinois , _______ __ __ ___
Maine..... ......................... ...... .
Maryland anH Virginia
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
..... . _
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York__________________
Ohio___ ____ _______________
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
0
0
(9
(0
0)
0
0
4 0
0)
0)
m
0
0
0
3
6
4.5
49.7
36.4
73
.416
20.68
15.15
Cutters, linings, machine, male:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia
Massachusetts..........................
Michigan...................................
Minnesota__________________
M issouri........................ ..........
New Hampshire_____________
New York__________________
O h io .................................... .
Pennsylvania.......... ..............
Wisconsin. ................................
5
2
6
9
2
1
4
5
7
4
2
7
13
9
10
45
2
50.1
52.3
50.0
48.0
50.0
0
50.0
49.4
48.5
50.0
50.0
49.6
42.5
36.1
49.4
47.0
52.3
0
46.9
41.6
46.8
48.8
49.2
46.3
85
69
99
98
105
11
33
31
8
5
11
5.2
4.9
5.9
5.9
6.0
0
5.5
5.2
5.5
5.9
6.0
5.5
94
84
96
98
98
93
.583
.772
.602
.614
.425
0)
.551
.505
.550
.551
.379
.543
29.21
40.38
30.10
29.47
21.25
0)
27.55
24.95
26.68
27.55
18.95
26.93
24.75
27.86
29.72
28.87
22.20
0
25.83
21.02
25.75
26.88
18.62
25.17
179
5.5
49.2
45.4
92
.566
27.85
25.71
5
0
0
5.0
0
0
49.0
0
0
41.8
85
0)
0
.332
0
0)
16.27
0
0
13.88
7
5.1
49.7
43.1
87
.334
16.60
14.39
67 $0,636 $31.29
103
.619 32.62
84
.573 28.88
.762 37.03
90
97
.780 38.69
$20.98
33.57
24.15
33.36
37.67
Total___ _____ ____________
Total................................... ...
54
Cutters, linings, machine, female:
Illinois______________________
Ohio...........................................
Wisconsin___________________
1
1
2
Total.......................................
4
0
0
0
0
0
SOLE-LEATHER DEPARTMENT
Cutters, outsole, male:
Illinois. .....................................
M a in e ......................................
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan...................................
i Data included in total.
4
2
4
19
3
14
3
6
55
5
3.9
6.0
5.0
5.3
6.0
49.2
52.7
50.4
48.6
49.6
33.0
54.3
42.2
43.8
48.3
44
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sea;, and State—Continued
T able
Occupation, sex, and State
Per
Aver Aver
cent of
Num Num Aver
age
age
age
full
ber of ber of number
full hours
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
ings
per
per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
S O LE -LEA TH E R DE PA RTM E N T—Continued
Cutters, outsole, male—Contd.
Minnesota.............................
Missouri................................
New Hampshire— ..............
New Jersey...........................
New York............................
Ohio......................................
Pennsylvania.......... . ...........
Wisconsin....... - ....................
Total..
Cutters, insole, male:
Illinois-..........................
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts............... .
Michigan........................
Minnesota.......................
Missouri..........................
New Hampshire............ .
New Jersey.................... .
New York.......................
O hio.............................. .
Pennsylvania.................
W i s c o n s in ............ .................
Total..
Rounders, outsole or insole, male:
Illinois-...................................
Maine......................................
Maryland and Virginia.........
Massachusetts........................
Michigan................................
Minnesota..............................
Missouri..................................
New Hampshire-----------------New Jersey..............................
New Y ork ..............................
Ohio........ —........................... .
Pennsylvania......................... .
Wisconsin................................
Total—
Channelers, outsole or insole, male:
Illinois......................................
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia.........
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan..................................
Minnesota.................... ...........
Missouri........ ..........................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey...............................
New York............................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin.................................
Total..
Cutters, top and heel lifts, ma
chine, male:
Illinois........ ...................
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts...............
Michigan........................
1 Data included in total.
2
4
1
2
4
5
7
3
2
98
(9
2
29
15
26
12
6.0
5.7
(9
50.3
49.6
50.3
46.5
100 $0,607 $30.53
.757 37.55
94
$30.53
35.22
(9
6.0
4.5
5.2
5.6
5.2
47.0
48.1
50.0
50.4
50.3
(9
48.3
36.4
41.8
47.8
45.9
103
76
84
95
91
.589
.754
.604
.598
.661
27.68
36.27
30.20
30.14
33.25
28.41
27.44
25.20
28.60
30.36
_
(9
(9
(9
60
285
5.4
49.3
44.3
90
.716
35.30
31.74
4
4
15
3
1
4
2
2.
5
3
8
3
24
4
37
5
5.3
5.3
5.5
6.0
48.2
50.3
48.1
49.6
43.5
45.4
44.7
48.1
90
90
93
97
.678
.442
.675
.655
32.68
22.23
32.47
32.49
29.48
20.04
30.14
31.52
43.5
51.0
45.8
48.0
40.4
46.9
46.2
. 89
106
97
99
81
92
88
.702
.714
.586
.592
.520
.507
.485
34.26
34.27
27.54
28.77
26.00
25.96
25.51
30.54
36.43
26.81
28.38
21.01
23.78
22.39
(9
136
47
2
14
8
66
5
(9
(9
5.4
5.9
5.5
5.9
5.3
5.6
5.2
48.8
48.0
47.0
48.6
50.0
51.2
52.6
(9
(9
(9
(9
54
349
5.5
49.2
45.6
93
.644
31.68
29. 36
8
5
2
22
3
3
7
6
4
9
6
7
7
17
9
3
34
3
3
33
8
5
17
12
11
11
5.8
5.4
5.7
5.4
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.2
4.6
50.6
53.1
48.8
48.1
49.3
50.2
50.7
50.2
46.9
48.4
50.0
50.5
51.7
48.6
50.4
45.3
41.9
50.0
50.2
46.4
42.2
43.6
45.3
41.8
43.7
39.0
96
95
93
87
101
100
92
84
93
94
84
87
75
.571
.468
.729
.743
.673
.549
.621
.663
.604
.707
.652
.495
.477
28.89
24.85
35.58
35.74
33.18
27.56
31.48
33.28
28.33
34.22
32.60
25.00
24.66
27.77
23.59
33.04
31.14
33.67
27.56
28.80
27.94
26.33
32.06
27.23
21.62
18.58
89
166
5.4
49.8
44.6
90
.627
31.22
27.98
7
3
4
22
3
1
7
7
4
10
6
8
11
25
9
4
36
3
(i)
17
14
7
31
14
14
17
5.7
5.2
6.0
5.3
5.0
(1)
5.4
5.7
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.5
50.8
53.1
49.9
48.0
49.3
47.5
46.5
48.3
41.2
40.9
94
88
97
86
83
(9
45.1
45.7
48.3
45.6
44.4
43.1
46.3
90
92
100
94
89
86
93
33.12
32.18
26.55
40.37
24.65
(i)
32.53
31.83
32.42
35.43
35.08
28.41
29.31
30.98
28.19
25.68
34.68
20.48
0)
.652
.606
.532
.841
.500
0)
.648
.643
.674
.732
.703
.566
.591
93
193
5.5
49.5
44.9
91
.681
33.71
30.62
4
2
8
1
8
2
29
5.0
5.5
5.3
48.2
50.5
47.9
42.7
45.5
42.7
89
90
89
.563
.306
.533
27.14
15.45
25.53
24.01
13.92
22.74
(9
(9
(9
1(9
(9
(9
(9
50.2
49.5
48.1
48.4
49.9
50.2
49.6
(9
29.25
29.43
32.54
33.34
31.22
24.42
27.41
45
GENERAL TABLES
A,— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and /Sttate— Continued
T a ble
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Aver
age
cent of
age
age
full
ber of ber of number
full hours
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
Aver
Aver age
fllll
lullage
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
SOLE-LEATHER DEPARTMENT—Continued
Cutters, top and heel lifts, ma
chine, male—Continued.
Minnesota
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire........................
New York..................................
Ohio........ ..................................
Pennsylvania.......... .................
1
3
4
2
5
3
(l)
17
53
6
8
6
Total.......................................
Heel builders, hand, male:
Massachusetts...........................
New Hampshire........................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania........ ...................
Wisconsin..................................
33
131
Total................... ...................
Heel builders, hand, female:
Maine.........................................
Massachusetts...........................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania..... .......................
11
i9
5.4
5.9
4.8
5.6
5.5
48.0
48.1
48.0
50.0
52.7
(9
(9
5.6
48.4
46.2
(9
(9
95
.517
25.02
92 $0,418 $20.06
104
.538 26.81
77
.766 36.77
94
.468 23.40
92
.422 22.24
44.1
49.8
37.0
46.9
48.7
97
.538
25.82
24.94
.473
.286
.563
23.65
15.27
28.99
22.36
13.13
28.70
90
.388
20.02
17.95
48.0
46.4
50.0
53.4
51.5
47.3
45.9
51.0
32
5.3
51.6
46.3
1
2
1
1
(9
8
(9
(9
5.1
Q)
48.0
<9
(9
(9
(9
42.5
W
(9
89
(9
(9
Total.......................................
Heel builders, machine (including
compressors), male:
Illinois--....................................
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts..........................
Michigan...................................
Missouri____________________
New Jersey............... ................
New York..................................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania............................
Wisconsin........................ .........
5
23
5.1
52.0
45.4
3
1
6
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
(9
10
(9
63
(9
5
(9
11
(9
3
5.3
0)
5.6
48.5
48.0
48.0
45.1
Total—....................................
Heel builders, machine (including
compressors), female:
Illinois-.....................................
Massachusetts............... ...........
Minnesota—..............................
Missouri....................................
New Hampshire................... .
New York..................................
Wisconsin.......... —....................
23
Total.......................................
(9
2
9
15
2
(9
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
.602
28.90
25.59
87
.403
20.96
18.29
99
.430
20.86
20.64
.490
23.52
22.13
5.4
0)
<9.
(9
54.4
(9
(9
(9
47.0
(9
38.6
(9
49.1
(9
(9
94
(9
98
(9
82
(9
90
(9
97
5.7
48.7
46.7
96
.498
24.25
23.24
3
2
2
3
1
1
1
17
12
2
58
0)
4.8
5.9
4.5
5.6
/J\
fl)
/A
48.8
48.0
50.3
48.0
41.4
47.2
39.0
45.4
85
98
78
95
.436
.439
.302
.454
21.28
21.07
15.19
21.79
18.04
20.68
11.77
20.57
13
124
5.5
48.1
95
.453
21.79
20.75
.621
29.81
29.90
(9
0)
<5.9
9
<9
4.8
(9
(9
(9
(9
23.87
95
86
99
5.5
5.6
5.1
6.0
2
1
3
3
2
(9
$18.43
25.88
28.35
21.96
20.54
48.0
47.2
(9
(9
(9
m
m
45.9
(9
(9
.512
(9
.612
(9
.382
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
24.58
(9
28.89
(9
20.78
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
24.07
(9
23.65
(9
18.77
(9
(9
(9
(9
FITTING OR STITCHING DEPARTMENT
Stampers, linings or uppers (includ
ing markers), male:
Maine.......................................
Massachusetts.........................
New York................................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin.................................
Total.....................................
l Data included in total.
48427°— 29------- 4
(9
0)
15
5.9
48.0
47.2
98
48.1
100
46
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per houry and per cent
of fuU time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
Occupation, sex, and State
Per
Aver Aver Aver cent
of
Num Num
age
age
age
ber of ber of number
full hours
full
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
ings
per
per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
F IT T IN G O R S T ITC H IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Stampers, linings or uppers (includ
ing markers), female:
Illinois ,,,
__
Main a
Maryland
Virginia
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
Minnesota__________________
Missouri__ _______ __________
New Hampshire........ ..... ..... ^
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio..........................................
PennyslvaniftWisconsin...........................
Total.......................................
Cementers and doublers, hand and
machine (including reinforcers,
pasters, and fitters), male:
Illinois
Massachusetts
. ......
New York__________________
Total.......................................
Cementers and doublers, hand and
machine (including reinforcers,
pasters, and fitters), female:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________ ________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan________ ___________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri_______ _____________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin..................................
Total.......................................
Folders, hand and machine, male:
Illinois.......................................
Maryland and Virginia
.....
Massachusetts_______________
New Hampshire.......................
New York..................................
Pennsylvania_________ ______
Total........................... ...........
Folders, hand and machine, female:
Illinois...........................................
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan....................................
Minnesota..................................
Missouri.............................. ......
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey__________________
New York..................................
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin..................................
Total . ......... ^ ^
*Data included in total.
8
6
5
33
3
4
7
9
3
19
7
8
11
123
1
1
3
5
8
5
6
35
3
4
7
9
3
18
7
8
11
124
1
1
1
1
6
1
44 •
42
16
133
5
5
33
56
8
100
39
47
42
570
0)
(1)
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.4
6.0
5.7
5.2
5.8
5.3
5.4
4.6
5.4
5.4
(1)
6
9
113
92
54
324
7
11
134
110
22
217
73
112
49
1,318
(1)
49.5
52.7
49.0
47.9
49.6
49.3
50.5
48.7
44.8
48.1
49.8
48.9
48.7
48.9
46.5
46.5
47.1
41.7
45.3
49.2
46.7
41.4
43.4
42.6
42.7
39.6
43.2
42.8
94 $0,419 $20.74
88
.369 19.45
96
.245 12.01
87
.456 21.84
91
.290 14.38
100
.364 17.95
92
.369 18.63
85
.368 17.92
97
.439 19.67
89
.408 19.62
86
.401 19.97
81
.335 16.38
89
.394 19.19
88
.400 19.56
$19.48
17.18
11.52
19.01
13.12
17.90
17.22
15.24
19.02
17.39
17.13
13.30
17.04
17.14
(0
92
96
(l)
(l)
.730
.636
(l)
O)
33.07
29.38
(1)
0)
30.58
28.10
93
88
98
91
92
101
92
89
92
90
86
91
82
91
.296
.286
.199
.397
.286
.256
.307
.311
.499
.338
.328
.292
.330
.330
14.98
15.33
9.69
19.06
14.13
12.70
15.32
15.36
22.36
16.49
16.33
14.54
16.14
16.27
13.93
13.52
9.53
17.34
12.95
12.84
14.14
13.73
20.44
14.96
14.11
13.20
13.16
14.75
0)
m
0)
(1)
m
5.5
5.7
45.3
46.2
(0
0)
41.9
44.2
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.9
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.5
50.6
53.6
48.7
48.0
49.4
49.6
49.9
49.4
44.8
48.8
49.8
49.8
48.9
49.3
47.0
47.3
47.9
43.6
45.4
50.2
46.1
44.1
41.0
44.2
43.0
45.2
39.9
44.7
0)
(*)
I1)
0)
(0
m
m
I1)
0)
0)
(9
i1)
(*)
0)
0)
(1
0)
0)
0)
(0
44.2
47.0
(A
11
51
5.5
45.4
46.2
102
.911
0)
.808
8
6
4
34
2
4
7
9
3
17
7
8
10
119
48
38
13
347
3
16
81
45
9
178
50
59
41
928
5.8
5.2
5.3
5.4
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.1
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.4
49.1
53.1
48.7
47.9
49.3
49.8
49.7
49.4
49.9
48.3
49.8
49.4
48.7
48.8
47.1
44.7
45.0
42.2
47.9
47.8
45.1
44.4
41.1
44.2
38.6
43.8
41.0
43.3
96
84
92
88
97
96
91
90
82
92
78
89
84
89
.466
.342
.282
.426
.371
.289
.377
.380
.427
.456
.378
.380
.459
.416
36
5.5
(9
106
(1)
(A
(!)
m
I1)
(1)
40.27
0)
36.68
42.78
22.88
18.16
13.73
20.41
18.29
14.39
18.74
18.77
21.31
22.02
18.82
18.77
22.35
20.30
21.97
15.28
12.67
17.99
17.77
13.83
17.01
16.87
17.56
20.15
14.61
17.06
18.82
18.01
0)
37.36
47
GENERAL TABLES
A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and $£ate— Continued
T a b le
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
cent of
age
Num Num Aver
age
age
full
full hours
ber of ber of number
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
i
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
FITTING OR STITCHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Perforators, male:
........
Tllinnis ..... .....
Maine. __... ....... .... ............ .... .
Maryland and Virginia , ,
Massachusetts_______________
New Hampshire
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Pennsylvania
Total.......................................
Perforators, female:
Illinois ...... .
Maine_________________ _____
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______ _______
Minhigan ................................
Minnesota___
_
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire________ ____
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin__________ _____ __
Total....... ...............................
T ip stitchers, female:
Illinois______________________
Maine_______________ _______
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan__
_______
Minnesota___________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York..................................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania.. ___ _
Wisconsin.... .............................
T ota l.................................... .
Closers or seamers, male:
Massachusetts_______________
Missouri____________________
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
Total...................... ................
Closers or seamers, female:
Illinois........................................
Maine......... ............................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts..____ _________
Michigan .......... ..............._ _
Minnesota__________________
Missouri_______ _____________
New Hampshire........ .............. .
New Jersey__________________
New York.................................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin___________________
Total_____________________
* Data included in total.
1
2
1
3
1
1
8
1
18
3
(l)
0)
22
(0
34
0)
6.0
0)
5.7
0)
(i)
5.9
0)
5.7
(0
52.0
0)
48.0
(0
(i)
48.0
0)
48.3
0)
(1)
49.6
0)
47.6
7
4
4
20
1
4
6
7
3
15
7
8
10
96
39
7
11
47
0)
5
44
17
6
40
17
20
15
269
5.8
5.9
5.7
5.6
0)
6.0
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.4
5.3
5.6
50.5
52.9
48.9
47.9
0)
49.7
50.2
49.2
47.4
48.4
49.9
50.4
49.3
49.4
47.5
50.1
50.0
41.6
0)
51.7
43.8
44.6
44.0
45.8
42.7
46.5
43.2
45.0
6
4
3
15
3
3
5
3
3
9
3
4
8
69
42
11
6
69
3
3
34
16
8
24
12
5
27
260
5.2
5.8
5.5
5.7
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.8
5.1
5.5
48.9
50.7
48.8
48.0
50.0
50.2
50.7
48.8
44.8
47.8
50.0
51.0
48.8
48.8
6
0)
16
6.0
(9
5.0
(0
5.8
25
37
13
81
3
6
30
24
14
91
12
26
17
379
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
6.0
5.8
5.5
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
4
1
2
1
8
8
5
5
33
3
4
7
9
4
15
6
8
10
117
0)
2
0)
0)
4
A 0)
(0
105 $0,539 $28.03
0)
0)
93
.489 23.47
(l)
0)
(i)
(i)
.661 31.73
103
0)
0)
99
.648 31.30
94
95
102
87
0)
$29.52
0)
21.94
(0
(!)
32.75
(0
30.86
104
87
91
93
95
86
92
88
91
.363
.467
.356
.574
0)
.319
.329
.356
.454
.523
.325
.424
.427
.424
18.33
24.70
17.41
27.49
0)
15.85
16.52
17.52
21.52
25.31
16.22
21.37
21.05
20.95
17.24
23.41
17.79
23.92
0)
16.47
14.40
15.87
19.98
23.93
13.87
19.70
18.45
19.09
42.4
50.4
46.0
45.2
50.0
49.3
49.9
49.0
38.3
41.4
47.1
48.4
42.5
45.2
87
99
94
94
100
98
98
100
85
87
94
95
87
93
.525
.515
.300
.507
.268
.377
.300
.353
.477
.448
.381
.288
.470
.440
25.67
26.11
14.64
24.34
13.41
18.93
15.21
17.23
21.37
21.41
19.05
14.69
22.94
21.47
22.25
25.93
13.79
22.89
13.41
18.56
14.97
17.31
18.26
18.54
17.96
13.93
19.97
19.92
48.0
0)
44.0
0)
47.8
47.5
0)
42.4
0)
47.2
99
96
.562
0)
.996
0)
.624
26.98
0)
43.82
0)
29.83
26.71
0)
42.19
0)
29.44
50.7
53.6
49.1
48.0
49.3
49.8
50.3
49.1
50.0
48.7
49.9
49.7
49.1
49.5
48.5
47.3
47.2
42.8
38.8
50.9
47.6
44.0
40.5
44.6
44.5
47.8
44.0
45.1
96
88
96
89
79
102
95
90
81
92
89
96
90
91
.357 18.10
.366 19.62
.242 11.88
.483 23.18
.323 15.92
.329 16.38
.352 17.71
.386 18.95
.396 19.80
.436 21.23
.407 20.31
.373 18.54
.457 22.44
.407 |20.15
17.30
17.33
11.45
20.65
12.52
16.73
16.74
16.98
16.03
19.44
18.10
17.80
20.13
18.36
99
48
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T a b le
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Aver
age
cent of
age
age
ber of ber of number
full hours
full
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours
worked worked
worked hours
per in
ments ees in
week in week
week week
Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
full
earn time actual
earn
ings I earn
ings
per
ings
in
hour
per
week week
FITTING OR STITCHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Seam rubbers, hand and machine,
male:
Illinois..
Maine_________ _____________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts__________ ____
New York___________________
Pennsylvania.
Total_________
__________
Seam rubbers, hand and machine,
female:
Illinois
Maine. ............ ...... ....................
Massachusetts.______ ________
Minnesota.
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey....... ......................
New York_____ _____________
Ohio .......................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
1
1
1
7
2
1
(1)
0
0
13
2
0
0)
0
0
5.6
5.5
0
0
0
0
48.0
47.0
0
0)
0
0
42.5
46.8
0
13
20
5.4
48.0
42.4
88
.408
19.58
17.33
6
2
7
3
7
4
1
6
5
5
4
15
2
10
3
36
6
50.5
52.0
48.0
49.5
49.4
49.1
0
49.2
49.3
49.7
48.3
48.5
34.9
44.4
42.3
47.1
48.8
0)
46.9
43.2
34.1
41.7
96
67
93
85
95
99
12
9
6
6
5.9
6.0
5.5
5.0
5.7
6.0
0
5.7
5.6
4.3
5.3
95
88
68
86
.347
.238
.484
.254
.315
.298
0
.335
.387
.289
.396
17.52
12.38
23.23
12.57
15.56
14.63
0
16.48
19.08
14.36
19.13
16.83
8.31
21.47
10.75
14.86
14.55
0
15.68
16.69
9.87
16.51
0
(0
0)
0
0
0
0
89 $0,345 $16.56
100
.570 26.79
0)
(0
0
$14.68
26.65
0
60
106
5.6
49.3
45.3
92
.346
17.06
15.68
Lining makers (including lining
closers and side and top facing
stitchers), female:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia____ __
M assachusetts_______________
Michigan___________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio................................. ..........
Pennsylvania
Wisconsin_________________ _
8
6
5
38
4
4
7
9
4
18
7
8
11
131
57
34
267
7
14
124
74
15
153
59
57
54
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.1
50.1
53.1
49.2
47.9
49.7
50.3
50.4
49.4
47.1
48.3
49.9
49.8
48.4
46.5
46.9
45.5
42.0
44.4
47.3
47.0
44.0
42.1
43.4
40.5
46.0
41.1
93
88
92
88
89
94
‘ 93
89
89
90
81
92
85
.378
.360
.268
.470
.329
.316
.296
.385
.484
.435
.392
.348
.466
18.94
19.12
13.19
22.51
16.35
15.89
14.92
19.02
22.80
21.01
19.56
17.33
22.55
17.58
16.88
12.20
19.75
14.61
14.94
13.94
16.91
20.40
18.91
15.91
16.04
19.17
1,046
5.5
49.2
44.1
90
.398
19.58
17.53
0
0
0
0
0
0
*
5.0
0)
8
0
0
0
0
0
49.1
36.5
74
M
'0 *
.382
18.76
13.95
48.0
50.4
48.1
52.0
0
0
45.6
48.0
46.6
43.5
48.3
47.1
0)
0
39.8
45.4
97
86
100
91
32
13
5.6
5.2
5.9
5.8
0
0
5.1
5.3
87
95
.912
.475
.975
.437
0
0
.839
.834
43.78
23.94
46.90
22.72
0)
0
38.26
40.03
42.51
20.64
47.07
20.59
0
(1)
33.41
37.90
132
5.5
47.9
44.8
94
.830
39.76
37.20
Total_____________________
Total.......................................
129
Closers-on, female:
Massachusetts_______________
Missouri____________________
Ohio...........................................
1
1
1
Total.......................................
3
7
Top stitchers (including under
trimmers and barber trimmers),
male:
Illinois______________________
Maryland and V irg in ia .________
Massachusetts................. .........
Missouri........ ............................
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York....... ................ ..........
Pennsylvania..... ........... ...........
2
3
12
2
1
1
7
2
13
12
47
4
Total.......................................
30
i Data included in total.
0
0
0
0
0
49
GENERAL TABLES
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T able
Occupation, sex, and State
Per
Aver Aver
Num Num Aver
age
cent of
age
age
ber of ber of number
full hours
full
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
F IT T IN G O B S T IT C H IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Top stitchers (including under
trimmers and barber trimmers),
female:
Illinois______________________
Maine__________ ____ _______
Maryland and Virginia......... .
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan___
________
Minnesota., ............................
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire.,, ,
_______
New Jersey_________ _____ __
....... .
New York......
Ohio.......... .................................
Pennsylvania ........., ............
Wisconsin___________________
8
6
4
88
4
4
7
8
3
16
7
8
11
134
78
55
325
16
14
193
89
11
237
no
61
76
5.7
5.5
5.8
5.4
5.1
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.8
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.2
50.5
53.4
48.5
47.9
49.5
49.4
50.7
49.4
48.3
48.6
49.9
50.0
48.7
47.0
45.0
50.2
41.9
42.5
51.0
46.5
44.3
46.2
43.2
43.2
47.3
40.4
Total....... ...............................
124
1,399
5.5
49.4
44.3
90
.451
22.28
20.00
Binders (including top banders),
female:
Illinois______________________
Maine________________ ______
Maryland and Virginia____ . . .
Massachusetts_______ _____
Michigan_________________. . .
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________ ________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey_______ _____ ____
New York.................... ............
Ohio......................... .................
___
Pennsylvania__
Wisconsin___________________
4
4
5
28
2
3
5
7
3
• 15
5
7
4
43
32
22
141
2
7
53
24
7
114
38
37
14
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.1
5.5
5.9
5.5
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.0
51.4
54.0
48.6
47.9
50.0
48.9
49.1
50.1
49.0
48.5
49.9
49.2
48:1
45.6
45.8
51.3
39.6
47.3
50.5
45.6
44.2
42.4
43.3
42.1
44.9
36.7
89
85
106
83
95
103
93
88
87
89
84
91
76
.270
.446
.291
.635
.270
.300
.420
.476
.529
.554
.462
.453
.504
13.88
24.08
14.14
30.42
13.50
14.67
20.62
23.85
25.92
26.87
23.05
22.29
24.24
12.31
20.44
14.93
25.18
12.74
15.14
19.15
21.04
22.39
23.97
19.46
20.33
18.45
92
534
5.3
49.2
43.2
88
.492
24. 21
21.26
4
2
5
15
4
5
2
10
4
4
2
9
4
5
23
7
9
2
10
5
5
2
5.7
4.5
5.6
5.6
5.7
4.9
5.5
5.6
5.2
5.6
5.0
50.4
54.0
49.8
47.9
49.1
48|.6
51.3
47.2
49.9
50.6
48.0
47.8
38.9
47.9
41.6
46.6
38.3
48.8
44.2
38.2
48.2
40.4
95
72
96
87
95
77
95
94
77
95
84
.381
.376
.309
.437
.371
.385
.436
.474
.352
.345
.432
19.20
20.30
15.39
20.93
18.22
19.10
22.37
22.37
17j. 56
17.46
20.74
18.20
14.62
14.82
18.20
17.31
14.74
21.25
20.95
13.45
16.61
17.45
Total________ ____________
Buttonhole makers, female:
Illinois........................................
Maine.........................................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York....... ..........................
Ohio............. ....................... .
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
Total
........
93 $0,393 $19.85
84
.450 24.03
104
.263 12.76
.552 26.44
87
86
.371 18.36
.351 17.34
103
92
.362 18.35
90
.440 21.74
.510 24.63
96
.499 24.25
89
.403 20.11
87
.453 22.65
95
83
.519 25.28
$18.49
20.29
13.20
23.15
15.80
17.91
16.81
19.51
23.54
21.54
17.42
21.43
20.98
57
81
5.4
49.2
43.3
88
.401
19.73
17.36
Button fasteners, female:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia
Massachusetts.______________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire..___________
New Jersey................................
New York................................ .
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania. _____ __________
3
2
2
2
4
2
1
6
3
5
8
2
2
2
9
2
51.1
54.0
50.3
48.0
49.1
49.0
0)
49.0
49.8
49.2
48.8
50.2
53.8
35.1
45.0
47.8
0)
47.1
44.0
43.9
95
93
107
73
92
98
0)
10
3
9
5.8
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.3
6.0
0)
5.7
5.3
5.1
96
88
89
.328
.289
.247
.869
.286
.341
0)
.412
.389
.300
16.76
15.61
12.42
41.71
14.04
16.71
0)
20.19
19.37
14.76
16.03
14.49
13.28
30.50
12.88
16.30
0)
19.40
17.12
13.15
Total......................................
30
48
5.5
49.8
46.1
93
.352
17.53
16.23
* Data included in total.
50
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928,
occupation, sea;, and
— Continued
T a b l e A •—
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Occupation, sex, and State
Num
ber of
em
ploy
ees
Aver
age
number
of days
worked
in week
Aver Aver
Per
age
cent of
age
full
full hours
time
time
hours actually
hours
per worked
worked
week in week in week
Aver
Aver age Aver
age
full
age
earn time actual
earn
ings earn ings
per
ings
in
per
hour
week week
F IT T IN G O R ST IT C H IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Eyeleters
male:
(including
hookers),
Mfunfl ..
- t
Maryland and Virginia_____ . .
Massachusetts ,,
Michigan...... .....
r
Missouri________________
New Hampshire
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Pennsylvania
Wisconsin
1
4
2
8
1
1
5
3
5
3
3
w «
2
18
0
0
8
3
12
3
3
%
5.5
5.7
(0
0
5.9
5.7
5.3
5.0
6.0
S ,
50.5
48.0
0
0
49.3
46.0
47.0
50.0
51.7
0)
57.0
44.5
45.8
0
0
46.8
42.3
42.3
51.3
51.7
Total-______________ ____
36
59
5.7
48.8
46.9
17
4
7
17
5
12
12
7
5
5.6
0
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.4
4.7
5.8
5.3
5.6
49.1
0
47.8
49.5
50.9
50.4
48.4
48.5
49.9
50.1
48.9
62
110
5.6
2
4
3
22
1
1
4
2
10
2
3
17
5
8
155
0)
0
8
5
37
15
12
54
Eyeleters (including hookers), fe
male:
JlllTiOiS, ,
Maryland and Virginia
..
Massachusetts ____ T__ ____
Michigan......rMinnesota___
_____
Missouri____ ____________
New Hampshire_________
New York_____________
Ohio__________________
Pennsylvania_____ ____
W is c o n s in
_
_
Total__________________ -Vampers, male:
I llin o is
_______ _
Maine_____ ____________
Maryland and Virginia______ .
M assach usetts........._____ _
Minnesota_____ __ __ ___ ,___
Missouri____________________
"Maw T T a m n s h i r e
New Jersey............................. N o w Y o rk
Pennsylvania______________ _
W is c o n s in
__________
Totals
0
0
110 $0,684 $35.29
.470 23.74
88
95
.604 28.99
95
0
0)
0
0
95
.549 27.07
92
.912 41.95
90 .597 28.06
.435 21.75
103
100 .471 24.35
0
$38.97
20.91
27.70
0
0
25.70
38.60
25.29
22.34
24.35
96
.588
28.69
27.53
46.4
95
.520
2 .3
47.8
50.6
49.7
44.1
39.4
48.0
44.4
46.7
86
97
99
99
91
81
96
89
96
.354
.343
.379
.373
.529
.374
.398
.468
25.53
0
23.80
17.52
17.46
19.10
18.05
25.66
18.66
19.94
22.89
24.10
(0
20.56
16.89
17.36
18.82
16.47
20.84
17.95
17.67
21.86
49.7
45.9
92
.435
21.62
19.93
5.5
6.0
5.5
5.9
(i)
0
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.5
5.3
48.0
53.2
50.4
48.0
0
0
50.1
44.0
46.8
48.0
49.3
46.2
51.7
45.4
46.9
0
0
47.1
39.2
43.9
47.9
45.9
96
97
90
98
94
89
94
100
93
.845
.557
.636
.736
0
0
.497
.859
.743
.887
.643
40.56
29.63
32.05
35.33
0)
0
24.90
37.80
34.77
42.58
31.70
39.05
28.79
28.88
34.51
0
0
23.43
33.67
32.62
42.47
29.54
270
5.7
48.2
46.4
96
.727
35.04
33.73
8
5
6
30
4
4
7
9
4
17
7
7
11
96
45
33
172
12
18
141
91
18
189
87
45
75
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.4
5.3
49.6
52.3
48.7
48.0
49.7
49.7
50.6
49.2
48.1
48.4
49.9
. 51.0
48.9
46.3
47.2
49.3
43.5
43.3
49.1
46.7
46.1
45.6
'44.9
41.8
47.3
43.1
93
90
101
91
87
99
92
94
95
93
84
93
88
.517
.519
.369
.628
.403
.415
.406
.502
*562
.534
.428
.442
.545
25.64
27.14
17.97
30.14
20.03
20.63
20.54
24.70
27.03
25.85
21.36
22.54
26.65
23.93
24.46
18.19
27.35
17.43
20.41
18.98
23.14
25.65
23.96
17.88
20.87
23.50
119
1,022
5.5
49.3
45.2
92
.505
24.90
22.81
5
3
3
12
4
3
5.8
5.0
5.3
49.6
54.0
50.2
49.3
41.4
44.0
99
77
88
.417
.402
.397
20.68
21.71
19.93
20.54
16.62
17.48
7
1
12
3
4
5
3
7
6
6
5
%
Vampers, female:
I llin o is
_____
Maine______. . . _________ . . . . .
■ M a r y la n d a n d
V ir g in ia .
„„
Massachusetts_________
Michigan______________ . . . . . .
Minnesota_______________ . . . .
Missouri_________________. . . .
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio________________________
P ftn n s y lv a n ia
W is c o n s in
Total................ ....................
Barrers (including tackers) female:
Illinois___________ ______ ____
Maine__ ____________________
Marvland and Virginia______
Data included in total.
51
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e A . — Average
number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
Aver Aver
Per
age
cent of
Num Num Aver
age
age
full hours
full
ber of ber of number
estab em of days time actually time
lish
ploy worked hours worked hours
ments
ees in week per in week worked
week
in week
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
FITTING OB STITCH ING DEPARTM ENT—Continued
Barrers, female—Continued.
M assachusetts________ __ _
Missouri...... . ... _____ _
New Hampshire
_ ,
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio________________________
W isconsin___________________
8
5
3
2
10
2
5
3
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.5
4.8
5.5
5.4
5.3
48.0
50.8
48.7
47.0
48.0
50.0
50.8
48.7
47.8
47.6
48.3
43.0
38.0
46.5
48.0
45.6
Total.......................................
39
57
5.5
49.5
45.4
92
.393
19.45
17.87
Wisconsin__ ________________
4
2
3
14
3
3
3
6
2
9
3
6
7
13
13
6
46
3
4
22
10
7
37
13
12
17
5.6
5.8
5.5
5.8
5.0
6.0
5.5
5.6
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.5
5.4
49.2
50.0
49.3
48.0
49.3
49.1
51.1
48.4
47.4
48.2
49.2
51.3
49.1
46.2
47.9
46.9
44.9
41.7
50.3
45.7
48.5
46.7
42.6
44.6
48.1
44.9
94
96
95
94
85
102
89
100
99
88
91
94
91
.411
.419
.353
.460
.333
.314
.271
.397
.421
.367
.315
.337
.434
20.22
20.95
17.40
22.08
16.42
15.42
13.85
19.21
19.96
17.69
15.50
17.29
21.31
18.99
20.09
16.57
20.66
13.88
15.76
12.40
19.22
19.68
15.67
14.05
16.19
19.46
Total.......................................
65
203
5.6
49.0
45.4
93
.386
18.91
17.50
1
1
2
9
1
5
1
(l)
(l)
10
65
(l)
0)
5.7
5.8
50.5
48.1
0
0
95
101
.515
.717
98
.978
0)
43.62
0)
^84
(■)
20
135
5.7
47.2
46.7
99
.778
36.72
36.35
8
6
6
35
4
3
6
9
4
17
7
8
11
217
198
94
578
7
24
318
244
18
442
194
98
102
5.7
5.3
5.6
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.2
50.6
53.6
48.8
47.9
49.7
49.1
49.3
49.2
49.4
48.7
49.9
50.9
48.5
47.2
44.9
47.9
40.8
47.1
49.8
45.5
42.0
42.6
44.7
42.5
44.6
40.0
93
84
98
85
95
101
92
85
86
92
85
88
82
.361
.416
.286
.543
.364
.303
.325
.392
.476
.449
.391
.369
.491
18.27
22.30
13.96
26.01
18.09
14.88
16.02
19.29
23.51
21.87
19.51
18.78
23.81
17.04
18.66
13.69
22.14
17.15
15.08
14.79
16.48
20.29
20.07
16.63
16.44
19.67
124
2,534
5.4
49.4
43.7
88
.423
20.90
18.45
5
3
4
13
4
3
6
3
4
20
12
9
42
5
4
37
13
7
5.7
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.6
6.0
5.9
5.5
5.3
48.4
50.3
49.3
48.0
49.6
50.8
50.6
48.5
48.1
47.4
49.9
50.1
42.6
47.6
52.0
47.9
47.3
35.7
98
99
102
89
96
102
95
98
74
.609
.487
.318
.477
.413
.349
.312
.370
.498
29.48
24.50
15.68
22.90
20.48
17.73
15.79
17.95
23.95
28.89
24.32
15.94
20.33
19.65
18.16
14.92
17.50
17.77
P ft n n s y lv a n ia
............
Tongue stitchers, female:
I llin o is _
M a in e
„ _____ _ ....
M a r y l a n d a n d V i r g in i a . . .
Massachusetts.. „ .
___ ____
Michigan________ ___________
M in n e s o ta
T
..
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
P e n n s y lv a n ia
Fancy stitchers, male:
I ll in o i s _____________ ___ ____________
M ft in e ______________________
M a r y l a n d a n d V i r g in i a _________
Massachusetts_______________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Pennsylvania________________
T o t a l..............................- - - - - _____
Fancy stitchers, female:
Illinois_____ ________ ________
Maine_______________ _______
M a r y l a n d a n d V i r g in i a
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan____________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
T o t a l . . ... ..............
_
......
Back-stay stitchers (including
back strappers), female:
I llin o is ................................ .................
Maine........................................
Maryland and Virginia_______
M assachusetts.______________
M ic h i g a n ,........ ................. ...................
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire___*__________
New Jersey..... ..........................
Data included in total.
0
41
0)
0
0
0
5.5
0
0
48.1
48.4
0
43.8
100 $0,487 $23.38
94
.250 12.70
99
.334 16.27
91
.509 23.92
79
.448 21.50
93
.251 12.55
94
.303 15.39
94
.356 17.34
$23.28
11.87
16.13
21.88
17.04
11.69
14.54
16.24
5
3
3
2
7
2
4
2
(0
0
0
0
0
0
26.01
34.49
0
0
0
24.76
34.71
52
T
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
a b l e
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
cent of
Num Num Aver
age
age
age
full hours
full
ber of ber of number
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
Aver
Aver age
age
full
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
F IT T IN G O R ST ITC H IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Back-stay stitchers, female—Con.
New York___________________
Ohio________________________
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
10
5
7
10
57
14
18
41
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
48.8
50.0
50.1
48.9
44.1
43.4
46.2
43.3
90 $0,407 $19.86
87
.372 18.60
92
.382 19.14
89
.435 21.27
77
279
5.6
49.1
45.2
92
.419
20.57
18.94
3
3
2
32
3
4
3
2
4
15
3
6
8
21
18
6
269
5
34
19
5
29
160
11
45
50
5.2
5.6
4.8
5.3
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.5
5.4
4.7
4.8
5.6
48.0
54.0
50.3
47.9
49.6
50.4
48.0
49.2
48.5
47.1
49.0
49.5
49.5
42.2
46.9
40.1
42.0
43.6
45.2
40.0
36.3
45.4
42.9
37.6
41.5
45.6
88
87
80
88
89
90
83
74
94
91
77
84
92
.364
.240
.237
.354
.220
.230
.258
.228
.280
.339
.258
.244
.289
17.47
12.96
11.92
16.96
10.91
11.59
12.38
11.22
13.58
15.97
12.64
12.08
14.31
15.36
11.23
9.52
14.88
9.62
10.38
10.30
8.28
12.71
14.55
9.71
10.14
13.17
Total_____________________
Lacers (before lasting), male:
Maine______________________
Massachusetts_______________
Missouri____________________
New Jersey_____________ ____
New York___________________
88
672
5.3
48.3
42.7
88
.318
15.36
13.60
95
.431
Total_____________________
Lacers (before lasting), female:
Illinois_____ ____ ______ ____ _
6
6
5.7
49.7
47.9
96
.428
21.27
20.48
7
3
4
15
3
3
7
7
1
12
6
6
9
14
5
5
22
3
3
18
9
5.7
6.0
5.6
5.7
5.3
6.0
5.7
5.3
50.6
52.4
49.4
48.0
49.3
50.2
50.1
49.4
47.7
51.7
45.1
45.4
46.3
51.7
47.4
41.7
94
99
91
95
94
103
95
84
.404
.323
.317
.430
.314
.354
.298
.362
20.44
16.93
15.66
20.64
15.48
17.77
14.93
17.88
19.27
16.73
14.28
19.55
14.51
18.29
14.10
15.09
43.8
39.9
47.2
46.3
92
80
94
94
.408
.317
.324
.417
19.50
15.85
16.33
20.43
17.89
12.66
15.28
19.33
45.6
92
.373
18.39
16.98
97 $0,447 $22.43
92
.359 19.03
84
.374 18.44
97
.530 25.44
100
.553 27.10
100
.458 22.99
98
.419 21.12
92
.540 26.51
92
.504 24.24
96
.556 26.41
90
.505 25.20
.392 19.33
96
98
.509 24.94
.477 23.52
95
$21.78
17.62
15.48
24.71
27.10
22.90
20.60
24.29
22.36
25.21
22.79
18.49
24.38
22.26
Total.......................................
Table workers, female:
Illinois_____ ____ ____________
M ainft_____ _
Maryland and Virginia
,.,,,
Massachusetts
, . ..........
Michigan. _______ __________
Minnftsnta........
Missouri___ ________________
TsTaw TTampshirA _
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio...........................................
P e n n s y lv a n ia
_
Wisconsin..................................
M a i n f t _____________________________________
M a r y la n d
a n d
V ir g in ia
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan___________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri.____ ______________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York....... .........................
Ohio_______ ____ __ ____ ____
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin____ ____ __________
Total _ .......
1
2
1
1
1
83
0 )
2
5.5
n\
'
)n
'
(0
'
m
'
0 )
19
9
8
12
128
0 )
0 )
48.0
(i)
0 )
0 )
0 )
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.6
47.8
50.0
50.4
49.0
5.6
49.3
0 )
45.6
0 )
m
'
0 )
(9
0 )
'
0 )
0 )
0 )
20.69
0 )
0 )
(i)
0 )
$18.04
16.13
17.63
18.82
0 )
19.66
0 )
(i)
(!)
0 )
LA ST IN G D E P A RT M E N T
Last pickers, or sorters (including
last casers), male:
Illinois______________________
M a in ft _____________________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
M assachusetts_______________
Michigan___________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri_____ ____ __________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin..................................
Total.......................................
i Data included in total.
5
5
6
24
2
4
6
6
4
18
7
8
10
105
19
25
16
53
2
5
20
10
5
45
15
17
13
245
5.7
5.7
5.0
5.8
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.3
5.2
5.7
5.3
5.5
5.8
5.7
50.2
53.2
49.3
48.0
49.0
50.2
50.4
49.1
48.1
47.5
49.9
49.3
49.0
49.3
48.7
49.1
41.4
46.7
49.0
50.0
49.2
45.0
44.4
45.4
45.1
47.2
47.8
46.7
53
GENERAL TABLES
A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per weekf average earnings per hour. and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and Stale—Continued
T able
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Aver
age
cent of
age
age
ber of ber of number
full hours
full
estab em of days time actually time
lish ployhours
worked hours
per worked
ments
in week week
in week worked
in week
Aver
Aver age
age
full
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
L A ST IN G D E PA R T M E N T-O ontinued
Assemblers, for pulling-over ma
chine, male:
Illinois
Maine........... ...........
- __
Maryland and Virginia
Massachusetts. ________ ____
Michigan__
Minnfisota
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York__________________
Ohio____ _______ ____ _______
Pennsylvania... _________ .
Wisconsin___________________
Total
Assemblers, for pulling-over ma
chine, female:
Illinois
Maine______________________
Massachusetts_______________
New Hampshire_____________
New York.__________________
8
6
7
28
3
4
7
9
4
16
7
6
11
55
23
28
132
3
5
74
28
19
92
30
17
31
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.4
4.7
5.5
5.3
49.6
52.8
49.0
48.2
50.0
50.2
50.2
49.6
46.3
47.5
49.9
51.1
49.4
46.8
41.8
45.6
41.2
46.5
48.0
46.8
43.6
43.8
42.0
35.0
45.0
44.3
94 $0,572 $28.37
.531 28.04
79
93
.460 22.54
85
.647 31.19
93
.490 24.50
96
.661 33.18
93
.477 23.95
88
.582 28.87
95
.499 23.10
88
.643 30.54
70
.640 31.94
88
.498 25.45
90
.550 27.17
116
537
5.5
49.0
43.2
88
.577
28.27
24.92
0)
(9
5.5
5.7
5.6
0)
(9
48.0
51.7
50.0
(9
<9
46.2
42.3
43.6
96
82
87
P)
(9
.748
.416
.445
0)
(!)
35.90
21.51
22.25
0)
(i)
34.56
17.60
19.42
26
5.6
49.9
44.3
89
.501
25.00
22.19
3
48.0
(9
47.7
48.0
48.8
50.0
<9
49.7
(9
45.3
47.0
41.8
31.3
<9
104
95
98
86
63
.898
(9
.610
.611
.795
.695
(9
43.10
<9
29.10
29.33
38.80
34.75
(9
44.61
(i)
27.63
28.73
33.26
21.72
(9
1
1
4
2
2
0)
0
4
3
17
$26.78
22.21
20.99
26.62
22.79
31.72
22.33
25.39
21.87
27.01
22.41
22.38
24.39
10
Total.......................................
Pullers-over, hand, male:
2
Illinois______________________
1
Maryland and Virginia_______
2
_________
_____
Massachusetts
2
Minnesota__________________
New York___________________
3
2
Ohio_____________________ __
1
Pennsylvania________________
(,)U
3
8
4
0)
6.0
(9
5.5
6.0
5.3
4.5
(9
13
32
5.3
48.4
42.4
88
.710
34.36
30.13
8
6
7
31
3
4
7
9
4
17
7
6
11
47
32
25
126
4
5
68
36
9
101
39
14
31
5.7
5.6
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.9
5.4
5.6
5.4
4.5
5.6
5.3
49.5
53.0
48.8
47.9
50.0
50.2
50.2
49.4
48.2
48.2
49.9
51.1
49.4
46.4
45.2
45.5
44.1
46.1
48.4
47.4
41.9
44.8
42.6
34.3
46.1
43.9
94
85
93
92
92
96
94
85
93
88
69
90
89
.795
.584
.618
.822
.601
.777
.634
.711
.776
.763
.813
.632
.779
39.35
30.95
30.16
39.37
30.05
39.01
31.83
35.12
37.40
36.78
40.57
32.30
38.48
36.90
26.39
28.09
36.20
27.71
37.61
30.08
29.82
34.80
32.50
27.87
29.16
34.21
Total—....................................
Side lasters, hand, male:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Missouri____________________
New Jersey_________________
New York__________________
Ohio___ ____ _______________
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
120
537
5.5
49.2
43.8
89
.740
36.41
32.42
2
1
1
8
1
3
8
2
2
3
3
0)
(1)
31
(9
5
40
11
13
18
6.0
(9
(9
6.0
(9
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.8
5.3
48.0
0)
(9
48.4
(9
46.4
47.7
50.0
48.0
48.3
52.3
0)
(9
46.4
(9
50.7
44.1
48.1
40.9
44.6
109
109
92
96
85
92
.714
0)
(9
.669
(9
.660
.793
.629
.517
.698
34.27
(9
0)
32.38
<9
30.62
37.83
31.45
24.82
33.71
37.34
(9
(i)
31.02
(9
33.47
34.95
30.28
21.14
31.16
Total............ ................ .........
31
128
5.8
48.2
45.3
94
.690
33.26
31.23
Total.......................................
Pullers-over, machine, male:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan__________ _____ ___
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire..... ..................
New Jersey______ _____ _____
New York________ ____ _____
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania_______________
Wisconsin______________ ____
i Data included in total
96
54
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A .—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
T able
Aver- Aver
Per
Num Num Aver
cent of
age
age
full
ber of ber of number
ss.
hours
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours wokerd hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Aver Aver
age
age
full
time actual
earn
earn ings
ings
in
per
week week
LA STIN G D E P A R T M E N T -C ontinued
Side lasters, machine, male:
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts.. ___ ,
M ic h ig a n
Minnesota___________
Missouri ........... , ,
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New Y o r k _________________
Ohio..........................................
P at) n s y l v a n i n
W is c o n s in
_
._
Total.......................................
Bed-machine operators, male:
I llin o is
_
..._
____
_
M a i n e . ............ ................
M a r y la n d a n d V ir g in ia
M assachusetts_______________
M ic h ig a n ..
___
-
-
Minnesota............................... .
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
N ew
J e r s e y _____________________________
New York__________________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
Tntftl. .......
7
6
7
28
3
4
7
8
2
10
7
6
9
90
37
34
191
4
7
75
40
5
94
35
22
26
5.7
5.8
5.2
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.7
6.0
5.2
4.9
5.6
5.3
49.6
53.2
49.0
48.1
50.0
50.2
50.0
49.2
46.4
48.6
49.9
51.2
50.0
45.9
46.2
43.9
44.3
48.2
49.0
48.6
46.9
50.9
41.6
37.2
47.3
44.7
104
660
5.6
49.3
44.7
91
7
6
6
29
4
4
7
9
3
16
7
8
11
131
61
49
291
8
9
157
82
16
221
72
35
75
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.6
6.0
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.5
4.9
5.4
5.3
49.7
52.7
48.6
48.1
49.5
49.7
50.3
49.5
45.5
48.2
49.9
50.7
49.7
47.6
45.4
46.7
43.5
49.2
50.3
47.9
43.4
46.0
44.3
39.1
47.3
45.6
117
1,207
5.6
49.2
5.8
Hand-method lasting machine op
erators, male:
M assachusetts_______________
New Hampshire_____________
New York___________________
Ohio............................................
5
1
1
2
(9
(l)
Total.......................................
9
101
Turn lasters, hand (including first
and second lasters), male:
Illinois________ : .......................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts................. ..........
Michigan...................................
Wisconsin___________________
1
2
9
1
2
9
3
3
1
Total_______________ ______
31
Turn lasters, machine, male:
Illinois........................................
Maine__________________ ____
New York..................................
1
Total.......................................
3
Turn sewers, male:
Illinois. _______ _____ ________
Maine___________ ___________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts...........................
2
1
1
7
New Jersey___ _____ ______
New York—. ____ ______ _____
Ohio____________ ____________
Pennsylvania______________
1 Data included in total.
1
1
49
11
W9
320
93 $0,670 $33.23
87
.590 31.39
.536 26.26
90
.721 34.68
92
.527 26.35
96
.649 32.58
98
.621 31.05
97
.645 31.73
95
.617 28.63
110
.662 32.17
86
.691 34.48
75
92
.529 27.08
89
.726 36.30
$30.76
27.28
23.52
31.92
25.38
31.78
30.23
30.27
31.42
27.58
25.75
25.04
32.44
.661
32.59
29.58
96
86
96
90
99
101
95
88
101
92
78*
93
92
.675
.576
.558
.731
.699
.678
.612
.655
.758
.714
.749
.639
.725
33.55
30.36
27.12
35.16
34.60
33.70
30.78
32.42
34.49
34.41
37.38
32.40
36.03
32.14
26.16
26.07
31.80
34.38
34.12
29.35
28.45
34 86
31.59
29.27
30.25
33.12
45.0
91
.682
33.55
30.69
48.2
47.7
99
.995
47.96
47.44
5.1
50.0
36.7
73
(9
(9
.626
(9
(9
31.30
22.99
5.7
47.2
44.7
95
.856
40.40
38.24
43.1
41.1
85
85
.895
.836
40.8
48.4
345
49.3
80
104
70
102
.607
.899
.670
.833
(9
(9
92
.831
39.80
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
5.2
5.1
(9
(9
<9
(9
20
167
37
127
706
(9
(9
(9
6
16
(9
50.5
48.2
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
50.8
46.4
49.6
48.0
(9
(9
(9
45.20
40.30
(9
30.84
41.71
33.23
39.98
(9
(9
(9
38.60
34.39
(9
24.76
43.49
23.12
41.01
(9
(9
(9
47.9
44.1
(9
m
(9
(9
5.6
52.0
48.7
94
.575
29.90
28.00
5.3
51.0
45.7
90
.502
25.60
22.95
(9
(9
(9
87
(9
(9
1.012
(9
(9
5.2
(9
m
(9
50
(9
(9
4.9
5.7
4.9
4.9
(9
(9
(9
(9
5.1
48.1
(9
41.8
48.68
36.67
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
42.33
55
GENERAL TABLES
A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued
T able
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Avercent of
age
age
age
full
ber of ber of number
full
hours
estab em- of days time actually
time
lish ploy- worked hours worked hours
per
worked
ments
in week week in week in week
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
0)
. 0
$0.693 $35.97
1.255 59.36
.762 37.95
1.150 55.20
0
0
$30.83
51.17
30.44
46.86
0
LA ST IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Turn sewers, male—Continued.
Michigan..................................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin................................
Total.....................................
3
9
5.6
5.3
5.0
0
0
51.9
47.3
49.8
48.0
0
0
44.5
40.8
39.9
40.8
0
66
5.4
49.6
3.7
5.8
5.4
5.5
5.8
6.0
5.«
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.4
5.2
5.2
49.3
53.5
49.2
48.2
51.5
50.6
49.1
48.8
47.8
49.9
49.4
49.5
46.9
45.2
44.3
44.4
51.9
46.9
44.7
36.6
40.9
41.5
40.fr
44.2
5.5
49.2
43.7
W4
12
(0
28
Tack pullers, hand and machine,
male:
Illinois......................................
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia..........
Massachusetts.........................
Minnesota................................
Missouri...................................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio.........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin................................
Total......................................
95
284
(L
.873
43.30
38.13
.449
.359
.426
.487
.373
.335
.390
.487
.500
.446
.422
.483
22.14
19.21
20.96
23.47
19.21
16.95
19.15
23.77
23.90
22.26
20.85
23.91
21.07
16.23
18.85
21.60
19.38
15.69
17.45
17.82
20.47
18.48
17.07
21.38
.448
22.04
19.56
94 $1,143 $55.66
83
.845 44.19
93
.746 36.18
87 1.002 48.10
97
.834 41.28
101
.702 34.96
88
.844 43.89
97
.921 44.67
106
.840 39.14
89
.874 42.30
83
.868 43.31
80
.728 37.06
93
.747 37.28
$52.35
36.80
33.46
41.78
39.93
35.34
38.57
43.18
41.32
37.62
35.88
29.80
34.61
95
84
90
92
101
93
91
75
86
83
82
B O T T O M IN G D E P A R T M E N T
Goodyear welters, (including in*
seamers) male:
Illinois......................................
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia..........
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan.................................
Minnesota................................
Missouri...................................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin................................
4
5
4
15
4
4
3
5
3
15
6
8
10
19
13
14
73
4
6
19
21
7
86
26
17
23
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.5
48.7
52.3
48.5
48.0
49.5
49.8
52.0
48.5
46.6
48.4
49.9
50.9
49.9
45.8
43.5
44.9
41.7
47.9
50.3
45.7
46.9
49.2
43.0
41.3
40.9
46.3
328
5.6
49.1
43.7
89
.890
43.61
38.91
6
23
49.2
53.7
0
48.0
0
50.3
50.7
48.3
47.0
48.0
49.9
50.0
49.6
45.3
53.0
0)
43.9
0)
49.5
48.9
39.2
54.0
43.5
42.1
45.7
45.7
92
99
.578
.387
28.44
20.78
26.18
20.52
91
2
11
6
2
23
7
11
9
5.7
6.0
0)
5.7
0
6.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.4
98
96
81
115
91
84
91
92
.603
0
.437
.435
.561
.637
.578
.529
.542
.502
28.94
0
21.98
22.05
27.10
29.94
27.74
26.40
27.10
24.90
26.50
0
21.64
21.24
22.00
34.41
25.15
22.28
24.75
22.93
118
5.6
49.9
46.5
93
.508
25.35
23.59
Total.....................................
86
Welt beaters and slashers, male:
Illinois......................................
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia..........
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan..................................
Minnesota............... ................
Missouri...................................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey...............................
New York................................
Ohio.........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin................................
3
4
1
8
1
2
4
5
2
13
5
8
7
Total.....................................
63
* Data included in total.
0
0
15
56
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A.— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation} sex, and State— C o n tin u e d
T a b le
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Aver
age
cent of
age
age
ber of ber of number
full hours
full
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees worked
in week week
in week
Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
full
earn time actual
ings earn earn
ings
per
ings
in
hour
per
week
week
B O T T O M IN G D E P A RT M E N T — Continued
Bottom fillers, hand and machine,
male:
_ _ _
_
Illinois . _____
Main a
...
_ .
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
.
Minnesota ..............
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York______ ____________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania_____
Wisconsin.. _____ ____________
5
5
4
16
2
4
4
4
3
13
6
7
8
U
8
7
25
2
4
7
8
4
30
13
11
9
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.5
6.0
6.0
5.6
6.0
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.8
49.5
53.1
48.6
48.1
50.0
49.6
51.1
48.5
45.5
48.5
49.9
50.8
50.3
47.7
50.5
46.1
45.2
48.2
51.3
49.7
46.7
44.0
43.6
43.4
42.1
50.0
96 $0,553 $27.37
95
.411 21.82
95
.465 22.60
94
.575 27.66
96
.453 22.65
.392 19.44
103
.489 24.99
97
96
.576 27.94
97
.615 27.98
90
.551 26.72
87
.470 23.45
83
.386 19.61
99
.493 24.80
$26.41
20.73
21.45
25.98
21.82
20.09
24.31
26.86
27.04
24.04
20.43
16.27
24.63
Total....... ...............................
81
139
5.7
49.3
45.8
93
.512
25.24
23.46
Sole cementers, hand and machine
(including bottom cementers),
male:
Illinois. .....................................
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan_________
_______
Minnesota.......... ......................
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire___
_______
New Jersey__________________
New York_________ _________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
2
3
4
10
2
1
5
6
3
9
4
5
7
3
4
7
18
2
48.0
51.0
48.7
48.1
49.0
0)
49.8
48.4
46.0
48.9
49.9
50.6
50.3
49.0
49.6
47.3
44.1
48.9
0)
45.6
44.7
42.5
45.8
39.9
44.6
45.2
102
97
97
92
100
%
10
3
26
8
7
11
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.7
6.0
(0
5.5
5.5
5.7
5.6
5.0
5.3
5.5
92
92
92
94
80
88
90
.451
.480
.430
.454
.583
0)
.390
.407
.551
.444
.371
.322
.388
21.65
24.48
20.94
21.84
28.57
0)
19.42
19.70
25.35
21.71
18.51
16.29
19.52
22.10
23.80
20.32
20.00
28.53
0)
17.81
18.18
23.41
20.34
14.80
14.39
17.53
110
5.6
49.1
45.2
92
.425
20.87
19.20
5.2
52.4
42.2
/A
M
''
43.9
81
.307
16.09
mi
12.94
0)
0)
0)
86
M
''
.342
hi
17.37
15.04
T otal.......................... ...........
61
Sole cementers, hand and machine
(including bottom cementers),
female:
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire............... ........
Ohio.........................
Wisconsin______________ ____
2
1
1
1
Total.......................................
5
9
5.4
i1)
M
'
50.8
Sole layers, hand and machine,
male:
Illinois ........................................
Maine_____________ _______
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan____________________
Minnesota________ __________
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey................................
New Y o rk ................................
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania..................... ......
Wisconsin.............................. .
5
4
7
33
2
3
6
8
3
17
7
8
10
15
10
17
71
2
3
12
17
3
43
20
11
13
5.6
6.0
5.0
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.6
6.0
5.5
5.1
5.2
5.5
49.1
53.3
49.4
48.2
49.0
50.2
50.0
49.2
46.0
48.0
50.0
50.4
49.4
46.2
47.1
41.4
43.8
49.0
46.6
45.8
43.6
48.8
43.8
40.0
42.8
45.9
94
88
84
91
100
93
92
89
106
91
80
85
93
.688
.622
.515
.725
.782
.651
.506
.571
.759
.680
.710
.524
.615
33.78
33.15
25.44
34.95
38.32
32.68
25.30
28.09
34.91
32.64
35.50
26.41
30.38
31.80
29.32
21.31
31.73
38.32
30.35
23.19
24.93
37.03
29.82
27.66
22.42
28.22
Total.......................................
113
237
5.5
49.0
43.8
89
.656
32.14
28.76
i Data included in total.
5
m
I1)
(i)
t1)
57
GENERAL TABLES
T a b l e A * — Average
number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
age
Num Num Aver
cent of
age
age
full hours
ber of ber of number
full
estab em of days time
time
actually hours
lish ploy
worked hours
worked worked
per
ments ees in
week Week in week in week
Aver
Aver age Aver
age
full
age
earn time actual
earn
ings earn
ings
per
ings
in
per
hour
week
week
B O T T O M IN G D E P A BTM E N T—Continued
Rough rounders, male:
TTHnnis
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia.
__
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
Minnesota__________________
Missouri_________________ __
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey__________________
New York.................................
Ohio________________________
Pennsylvania______ ______
Wisconsin
4
5
4
16
2
4
2
5
3
16
6
8
9
16
10
12
42
2
4
7
14
5
65
18
11
20
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.8
4.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
48.4
51.7
48.6
48.0
49.0
49.6
49.1
48.4
45.2
48.1
49.9
50.0
50.1
44.4
43.9
44.7
41.7
30.6
48.6
48.2
45.6
39.9
42.3
39.3
42.9
44.0
92 $1.139 $55.13
.695 35.93
85
92
.664 32.27
87
.877 42.10
62
.651 31.90
.724 35.91
98
.679 33.34
98
94
.765 37.03
88 1.129 51.03
.821 39.49
88
79
.769 38.37
.710 35.50
86
.702 35.17
88
Total___ __________________
84
226
5.6
48.7
42.8
88
.815
39.69
34.86
Channel openers, and channel
closers (including channel layers,
channel turners, channel cementers, and lip turners), male:
Illinois-......................................
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey. ______ _________
New York___________________
Ohio..... ......................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
6
5
6
23
2
7
6
2
14
7
7
7
28
19
21
58
3
36
22
3
51
21
16
9
5.9
5.3
5.7
’ 5.6
6.0
5.8
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.4
49.8
53.3
48.6
47.9
48.7
50.6
49.1
46.0
48.7
50.0
50.1
49.0
48.0
43.3
47.7
43.1
49.3
48.3
43.9
42.5
44.0
44.3
42.2
46.1
96
81
98
90
101
95
89
92
90
89
84
94
.571
.463
.523
.589
.373
.408
.488
.664
.514
.546
.463
.425
28.44
24.68
25.42
28.21
18.17
20.64
23.96
30.54
25.03
27.30
23.20
20.83
27.39
20.03
24.92
25.39
18.41
19.67
21.39
28.24
22.63
24.16
19.52
19.59
$50.58
30.49
29.70
36.52
19.92
35.19
32.71
34.84
45.05
34.69
30.25
30.50
30.85
Total_____________________
92
287
5.6
49.4
45.0
91
.512
25.29
23.04
Channel openers, and channel
closers (including channel layers,
channel turners, channel cementers, and lip turners), female:
Illinois_________________
Massachusetts____________
Missouri.................................
New Hampshire.—.............. .
New York______ _______ ____
Wisconsin_____________ _____
4
3
2
4
1
2
7
4
5
9
50.0
48.0
49.6
48.5
0
49.0
47.4
43.7
47.3
47.1
0
46.6
95
91
95
97
.388
.505
.247
.390
6
5.6
4.5
5.8
5.9
0
5.5
95
&
19.40
24.24
12.25
18.92
0
16.81
18.39
22.09
11.68
18.37
0
15.97
Total.......................................
16
43
5.6
48.8
45.9
94
.417
20.35
19.13
Goodyear stitchers, male:
Illinois____ _________________
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan................. _
Minnesota__________________
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire_________ ___
New Jersey................................
New York..................................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin........................... ......
4
4
6
16
4
4
4
5
3
15
6
8
10
33
16
23
109
7
5
33
35
7
114
28
22
29
5.8
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.3
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.4
48.4
51.3
48.8
48.0
49.7
49.7
51.5
48.5
46.6
48.3
49.9
51.0
49.8
45.7
45.2
49.4
42.9
45.8
49.7
48.7
46.0
49.2
43.2
41.3
43.1
46.0
94
88
101
89
92
100
95
95
106
89
83
85
92
.986
.679
.688
.762
.694
.800
.666
.711
.882
.800
.794
.629
.755
47.72
34.83
33.57
36.58
34.49
39.76
34.30
34.48
41.10
38.64
39.62
32.08
37.60
45.06
30.70
33.97
32.70
31.78
39.76
32.40
32.71
43.37
34.52
32.83
27.10
34.75
Total.......................................
89
461
5.6
48.9
44.5
91
.766
37.46
34.10
i Data included in total.
0
58
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A,—-Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and /State—Continued
T able
Occupation, sex, and State
Per
Aver Aver
Aver cent
of
age
Num Num
age
age
full
ber of ber of number
full hours
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy worked hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments ees in
week week
in week
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Aver Aver
age
age
full
time actual
earn
earn ings
ings
in
per
week week
B O T T O M IN G D E P A RTM E N T—Continued
M cK ay sewers, male:
Illinois______________________
Mainn
Maryland and Virginia
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan
______ ________
Minnesota
- _ __________
Missouri____________________
N«w TTftmpshirA
........
Nftw York
___
__
Ohio________________________
■Pennsylvania
___
Wisconsin
___
3
3
2
21
1
1
4
4
2
4
3
2
15
9
7
43
(l)
\l)
29
11
6
8
5
3
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.7
0)
(*)
5.8
5.5
5.0
4.5
5.4
5.0
51.4
54.0
48.7
46.8
(l)
0)
49.7
51.6
48.0
50.0
52.8
48.0
45.6
45.3
46.0
42.3
(l)
(*)
47.9
41.7
40.8
36.0
47.2
40.3
89 $0,549 $28.22
84
.663 35.80
94
.453 22.06
90 1.058 49.51
(l)
(l)
(i)
0)
96
.657 32.65
81
.576 29.72
85
.783 37.58
72
.636 31.80
.556 29.36
89
.945 45.36
84
........ ........
50
138
5.5
49.4
43.9
89
.755
37.30
33.13
Stitch separators (including stitch
wheelers), male:
Illinois
......
12
5
4
2
Maine______________________
Maryland anH Virginia
2
8
12
31
Massachusetts_______________
1
Michigan___________________
(l)
3
3
__________________ Minnesota
3
10
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
5
7
1
New Jersey__________________
(1)
New York__________________
8
18
Ohio...........................................
3
6
2
3
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
8
13
5.8
6.0
5.1
5.8
<*)
6.0
5.9
5.6
(1)
5.4
5.3
5.0
5.1
48.8
51.0
48.0
48.0
<*)
50.2
52.0
48.9
0)
48.8
50.0
50.0
49.6
47.6
98
49.3
97
43.0
90
45.2
94
<*)
50.5
101
48.5
93
44.4
91
0)
44.3 ....... § r
43.4
87
36.2
72
43.6
88
.590
.475
.415
.597
<*)
.483
.364
.526
0)
.621
.428
.471
.545
28.79
24.23
19.92
28.66
<*)
24.25
18.93
25.72
0)
30.30
21.40
23.55
27.03
28.10
23.40
17.84
27.00
<*)
24.37
17.64
23.38
<*)
27.53
18. 59
17.05
23.76
Total
Total.......................................
Levelers, male:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts__________ ____
Michigan___________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri________ _____ ______
New Hampshire............... ........
New Jersey______ ___________
New York_________________ _
Ohio................................. ..........
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin....... ..........................
Total.......................................
Heelers, leather, male:
Illinois________ ____ _________
Maine.........................................
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts...........................
M ic h ig a n
, .....................................................................
Minnesota__________________
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
Ohio.................... .......................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin.__________________
Total_______
____________
Data included in total.
$25.06
30.02
20.83
44.79
0)
0)
31.46
24.00
31.93
22.89
26.25
38.07
55
117
5.6
49.1
45.2
92
.533
26.17
24.09
7
6
7
32
3
4
7
9
4
18
7
7
11
28
15
16
65
3
5
25
15
7
81
27
16
15
5.6
5.9
5.7
5.7
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.6
5.3
49.8
53.5
49.2
48.1
49.3
49.7
49.9
49.7
49.4
48.2
49.9
51.1
49.5
46.7
48.3
49.7
44.0
48.7
49.9
48.4
42.3
46.2
44.6
40.0
46.7
45.6
94
90
101
91
99
100
97
85
94
93
80
91
92
.596
.614
.566
.734
.712
.598
.519
.631
.701
.696
.704
.486
.581
29„68
32.85
27.85
35.31
35.10
29.72
25.90
31.36
34.63
33.55
35.13
24.83
28.76
27.81
29.65
28.12
32.31
34.64
29.82
25.13
26.70
32.40
31.05
28.16
22.72
26.51
122
318
5.6
49.3
45.2
92
.648
31.95
29.30
5
5
6
14
4
3
5
8
4
15
6
7
10
21
11
11
40
4
5
23
20
7
62
14
13
17
5.7
6.0
5.9
5.6
5.5
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.3
5.7
5.2
5.4
48.8
53.0
49.0
48.2
49.5
50.7
50.7
48.9
47.3
47.8
49.9
50.6
49.5
46.3
47.2
51.4
40.3
46.3
50.5
48.7
47.2
43.1
41.7
44.7
43.5
45.3
95
89
105
84
94
100
96
97
91
87
90
86
92
.785
.658
.734
.952
.554
.493
.621
.711
.750
.861
.710
.577
.713
38.31
34.87
35.97
45.89
27.42
25.50
31.48
34.77
35.48
41.16
35.43
29.20
35.29
36.36
31.06
37.71
38.32
25.65
24.92
30.21
33.56
32.30
35.95
31.75
25.07
32.29
92
248
5.6
49.0
44.4
91
.764
37.44
33.95
59
GENERAL TABLES
A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State— C on tin u ed
T able
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Aver
age
cent of
age
age
[full
ber of ber of number
full hours
estab em of days time actually time
lish ploy
hours
worked hours
per worked
ments ees in
in week worked
week week
in week
Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
full
earn time actual
ings earn earn
ings
per
ings
in
hour
per
week
week
BOTTOM ING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Heelers, wood, male:
Illinois. ..... ...... ...... ...
Maine......... ...............................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts___ —__________
Minnesota..................................
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey................................
New York—..............................
Ohio............. ........ ....................
Pftnnsylvania _
Wisconsin..................................
Totals. -ir..... ..........
3
3
3
28
2
4
6
1
16
4
7
3
58
20
10
295
7
62
27
0)
167
82
54
15
5.9
5.8
6.0
5.7
6.0
5.3
5.6
0)
5.7
5.6
5.0
4.9
51.7
54.0
48.7
49.8
48.3
48.4
50.2
(l)
47.8
49.9
48.5
48.1
49.0
45.3
52.2
43.3
47.2
42.1
46.6
0)
44.0
40.6
45.0
37.9
95 $0,504 $26.06
84
.643 34.72
107
.621 30.24
87
.961 47.86
98
.704 34.00
87
.828 40.08
93
.763 38.30
0)
(l)
92
.826 39.48
81
.765 38.17
93
.779 37.78
79
.823 39.59
$24.72
29.13
32.41
41.61
33.25
34.85
35.54
0)
36.34
31.02
35.04
31.21
80
798
5.6
49.4
43.8
89
.829
40.95
36.31
Heel trimmers or shavers, male:
Illinois _ ............................
M aine.______ _______
Maryland and Virginia______
Massachusetts___________ ___
Michigan_________ __________
Minnesota—. ________________
Missouri__________ _______ „ _
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey_________ ____ ___
New York..... ............................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania_______ _____ __
Wisconsin___________________
6
5
6
17
3
3
5
8
4
13
7
7
10
19
12
11
37
3
3
19
14
5
34
11
12
18
5.7
6.0
5.1
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.6
48.7
52.8
49.3
47.9
49.3
49.5
40.5
49.4
46.9
48.2
49.9
51.2
49.8
44.8
47.2
40.7
42.8
51.3
48.8
49.3
42.7
41.8
44.5
41.5
44.9
47.6
92
89
83
89
104
99
122
86
89
92
83
88
96
.949
.583
.647
.839
.607
.607
.563
.657
.894
.717
.655
.580
.695
46.22
30.78
31.90
40.19
29.93
30.05
22.80
32.46
41.93
34.56
32.68
29.70
34.61
42.53
27.52
26.33
35.93
31.17
29.66
27.72
28.09
37.38
31.87
27.21
26.04
33.09
Total_____________ ________
94
198
5.6
49.3
44.7
91
.716
35.30
32.01
Heel breasters, male:
5
6
Illinois______________________
4
Maine______________________
6
3
4
Maryland and Virginia_______
19
30
Massachusetts_______________
1
Michigan___________________
(*)
2
2
__________________ Minnesota
Missouri______ _____________
4
8
8
11
New Hampshire __________
1
New Jersey__________________
0)
New York___________________
12
28
Ohio...........................................
4
5
Pennsylvania________________
4
7
Wisconsin___________________
5
7
5.8
6.0
4.8
5.7
0)
6.0
6.0
5.6
0)
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.7
49.5
52.7
49.3
48.1
0)
51.3
51.3
49.4
0)
47.2
49.8
49.6
48.9
47.9
47.0
38.3
42.3
C1)
50.8
48.8
46.1
0)
45.3
44.6
45.6
45.0
97
89
78
88
96
90
92
92
.558
.511
.395
.721
0)
.607
.473
.497
0)
.716
.664
.442
.555
27.62
26.93
19.47
34.68
0)
31.14
24.26
24.55
0)
33.80
33.07
21.92
27.14
26.72
24.04
15.14
30.51
0)
30.81
23.07
22.92
0)
32.40
29.58
20.17
24.97
99
95
93
Total.......................................
72
116
5.7
48.8
45.0
92
.618
30.16
27.77
Edge trimmers, male:
Illinois______________________
Maine___________ _____ _____
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts__________ ____
Michigan___________________
Minnesota____________ ______
Missouri____________ ____ ___
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey__________________
New York__________________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania______ ______
Wisconsin___________________
8
6
7
37
4
4
7
9
4
20
7
8
10
64
41
37
191
6
6
73
54
10
147
56
29
40
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.0
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
49.6
53.0
48.9
48.1
49.7
49.8
50.1
49.4
47.9
48.2
49.9
50.3
49.5
47.0
45.5
48.3
44.1
43.4
49.2
47.4
43.4
46.7
43.6
41.6
46.3
43.4
95
86
99
92
87
99
95
88
97
90
83
92
88
.766
.612
.568
.875
.719
.643
.656
.696
.747
.834
.720
.677
.783
37.99
32.44
27.78
42.09
35.73
32.02
32.87
34.38
35.78
40.20
35.93
34.05
38.76
36.02
27.84
27.43
38.60
31.25
31.62
31.14
30.22
34.91
36.31
29.98
31.36
34.00
Total.......................................
131
754
5.6
49.1
44.7
91
.764
37.51
34.15
* Data included in total.
60
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued
T able
Occupation, sex, and State
Per
Aver Aver
age
cent of
Num Num Average
age
full
ber of ber of number
hours
estab em- of days time actually time
lish ploy- worked hours worked hours
ments
in week per in week worked
in week
run
Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
full
earn time actual
earn
ings earn ings
per
ings
in
hour
per
week week
B O T T O M IN G D E P A B T M E N T -C ontinued
Sluggers, male:
Illinois-..............
Massachusetts...
Minnesota..........
Missouri.............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey........
New York..........
Ohio...................
Pennsylvania__
Wisconsin..........
Total...............
50.1
48.3
46.2
36.3
8
86.0 50.3
848.3
5.7
5.4
8
11
5
0)
0)
5.7
5.3
5.6
%
5.5
46.0
48.4
49.9
<!>
0)
49.1
43.7
38.0
41.8
(!)
ft
41.8
92 $0,685 $34.32
75
.630 30.43
0)
0)
8 ‘
96
.475 23.89
95
.771 35.47
.575 27.83
79
84
.674 33.63
0)
0)
0)
0)
85
.618 >0.34
$31.65
22.90
0)
(0
22.90
33.68
21.84
28.17
94 $0,570 $28.61
86
.577 30.75
100 .536 26.21
93
.774 37.23
100
.648 32.40
100 .716 34.87
.602 30.04
94
87
.548 27.62
71
.644 30.20
92
.687 34.28
83
.666 33.23
94
.533 26.44
.632 31.09
91
92
.651 32.22
$26.80
26.44
26.10
34.41
32.40
34.94
28.28
24.06
21.38
31.65
27.69
24.77
28.25
29.47
8
%
%
25.84
FIN ISH IN G D E P A R T M E N T
Buffers (including bottom scour
ers) male:
6
Illinois.......................................
6
Maine....................................... .
Maryland and Virginia—....... .
7
38
Massachusetts...........................
2
Michigan...................................
3
Minnesota— ...........— ........... .
Missouri...................................
7
7
New Hampshire...................... .
4
New Jersey...............................
19
New York................................ .
7
Ohio...... ....................................
8
Pennsylvania........................... .
8
Wisconsin..................................
122
Total..................................... .
Edge setters, male:
8
Illinois.-...................................
6
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia.......... .
7
Massachusetts...........................
38
4
Michigan...................................
Minnesota.................................
4
Missouri........... ....................... .
7
New Hampshire.......................
9
New Jersey...............................
4
New York.................................
20
O h io ........................................
7
Pennsylvania........................... .
8
Wisconsin.................................. _ 11
T o ta l.. ..................................
133
Heel scourers (including first and
second scourers), male:
Illinois...................................... .
7
Maine....................................... .
5
Maryland and Virginia......... .
4
Massachusetts......................... .
19
Michigan.................................. .
1
Minnesota................................ .
3
Missouri................................... .
6
New Hampshire.......................
9
New Jersey...............................
4
New York................................ .
16
Ohio...........................................
6
Pennsylvania........................... .
7
Wisconsin..................................
10
Total—.................................. .
97
i Data included in total.
36
16
18
89
2
3
43
20
8
59
25
20
17
356
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.6
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.8
5.7
5.4
5.5
5.6
50.2
53.3
48.9
48.1
50.0
48.7
49.9
50.4
46.9
49.9
49.9
49.6
49.2
49.5
47.0
45-$
48.7
44.5
50.0
48.8
47.0
43.9
33.2
46.1
41.6
46.5
44.7
45.3
63
44
27
186
4
10
54
44
15
147
69
38
37
738
5.7
5.7
5.4
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.6
49.5
53.3
48.8
48.1
49.5
50.0
50.1
49.5
47.7
48.2
49.9
49.9
49.1
49.1
46.5
45.7
45.9
44.3
47.9
51.3
45.7
44.2
46.2
42.7
40.4
46.2
40.8
44.1
94
86
94
92
97
103
. 91
89
97
89
81
93
83
90
.745
.598
.697
.869
.652
.605
.671
.702
.814
.774
.723
.630
.783
.755
36.88
31.87
34.01
41.80
32.27
30.25
33.62
34.75
38.83
37.31
36.08
31.44
38.45
37.07
34.62
27.28
32.00
38.48
31.25
31.04
30.64
31.03
37.60
33.07
29.20
29.09
31.98
33.32
26
16
16
62
0)
3
37
31
5
63
12
14
25
312
5.8
5.5
5.8
5.7
0)
6.0
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.6
49.4
53.1
48.6
48.0
0)
49.5
50.4
49.3
46.9
48.1
50.0
50.6
49.3
49.1
46.5
44.2
49.2
43.4
0)
49.5
47.7
42.4
41.4
43.5
43.7
46.6
46.0
44.8
94
83
101
90
.638
.603
.563
.647
29.66
26.63
27.72
28.10
155
.535
.450
.610
.736
.611
.594
.472
.622
.589
31.52
32.02
27.36
31.06
(*)
26.47
22.68
30.07
34.52
29.39
29.70
23.88
30.66
28.92
95
86
88
90
87
92
93
91
O
0)
26.47
21.46
25.84
30.45
26.57
25.93
21.97
28.58
26.41
61
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le A.—Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per weekf average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked} 1928, by occupation, sexy and State— Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Num Num Aver
age
age
age
ber of ber of number
full
hours
estab em of days time actually
lish ploy
worked hours
worked
ments ees in
week per in week
week
Per
cent of
full
time
hours
worked
in week
Aver
Aver age
age
full
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
hour
per
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
FINISHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Heel burnishers, (including stoners,
expediters, and heel slickers),
male:
Illinois______________________
Mainft ........
_ _
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Miflhigfm ___
____ __
Minnfisntft
Missouri...... _...................... .....
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__________________
New York__________________
Ohio________________________
Pennsylvania________________
W isconsin.,....... _ ....... ..........
4
5
3
17
1
4
5
9
4
15
7
7
10
4
20
16
8
49
18
21
20
5.8
5.4
5.9
5.9
0
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
48.3
53.2
48.6
48.2
0
49.6
50.8
49.8
48.1
48.7
49.9
49.7
49.5
46.7
46.2
48.6
44.3
0
49.9
49.3
44.0
38.5
43.6
40.1
49.7
44.3
15
14
8
42
0
97 $0,731 $35.31
87
.552 29.37
100
.555 26.97
92
.674 32.49
0
0
.524 25.99
101
97
.494 25.10
88
.648 32.27
80
.594 28.57
.534 26.01
90
80
.569 28.39
100
.503 25.00
89
.569 28.17
$34.12
25.52
26.97
29.89
0)
26.11
24.34
28.53
22.85
23.29
22.83
25.00
25.22
Total.......................................
91
236
5.6
49.3
45.0
91
.581
28.64
26.15
Bottom finishers (including bot
tom slickers) male:
Illinois______________________
Maine______________________
Maryland and Virginia______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan___________________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri- _ ________________
New Hampshire..... .................
New Jersey_________ ____ ___
New York__________________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
7
5
7
33
3
3
6
5
2
14
7
4
8
28
9
17
104
3
3
24
17
5
57
16
9
17
5.8
5.9
5.5
5.7
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.5
6.0
5.4
5.3
4.0
5.1
50.4
53.0
49.5
48.1
49.3
50.2
50.3
49.0
46.4
48.0
50.0
50.3
48.4
48.3
49.2
47.1
44.3
48.3
50.3
46.3
42.9
48.6
44.1
41.0
36.4
42.1
96
93
95
92
98
100.
92
88
105
92
82
72
87
.620
.532
.565
. 755
.389
.539
. 525
.670
.655
.564
.542
.417
.601
31.25
28.20
27.97
36.32
19.18
27.06
26.41
32.83
30.39
27.07
27.10
20.98
29.09
29.97
26.17
26.60
33.44
18.82
27.13
24.29
28.71
31.84
24.87
22.20
15.17
25.30
Total.......................................
104
309
5.5
48.9
44.6
91
.632
30.90
28.19
48. 0 45.0
Bottom finishers (including bot
tom slickers), female:
Massachusetts_______________
Brushers, male:
Illinois______________________
M aine.._________ ___________
Maryland and Virginia_______
M assachusetts_______________
Minnesota__________________
Missouri....................................
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey............... ................
New York________ __________
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin______________ ____
2
2
5.5
7
4
4
17
1
6
8
3
10
4
5
9
26
17
8
40
0)
15
20
4
32
5
11
10
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.6
Total.......................................
78
Brushers, female:
Illinois........................................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts______ ________
Missouri_______ ______ ______
New York.................................
Ohio...........................................
3
2
1
5
1
1
Total___ ____ _____ ________
13
i Data included in totals.
48427°—29------ 5
94
.553
26.54
24.88
47.2
49.2
48.7
43.3
0
40.1
40.1
35.6
45.7
42.5
48.1
46.0
93
94
100
90
5.5
4.8
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.5
50.5
52.6
48.6
48.1
0
49.7
50.0
45.5
48.6
49.9
49.4
49.4
81
80
78
94
85
97
93
.334
.362
.529
.524
0
.333
.464
.476
.535
.446
.447
.515
16.87
19.04
25.71
25.20
0
16.55
23.20
21.66
26.00
22.26
22.08
25.44
15.76
17.78
25.78
22.67
0
13.34
18.57
16.96
24.47
18.92
21.49
23.69
189
5.5
49.4
44.7
90
.454
22.43
20.28
9
3
48.2
50.5
0
50.1
0
0
46.5
24.3
0
46.4
0)
0
96
48
17
0)
(i)
5.4
3.0
0)
5.5
0)
0
93
.377
.175
0
.353
0)
0
18.17
8.84
0)
17.69
0)
0
17.55
4.25
0
16.36
0
0
36
5.4
49.5
44.2
89
.336
16.63
14.86
0
°lo
62
T
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A . —Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued
able
Aver- Aver
Per
Aver Aver
age
cent of Aver
Num Num Average
age
age
age
full
full
ber of ber of number
hours
time actual
earn
estab em- of days time actually time
earn ings
lish ploy- worked hours worked hours
per
ings
per in week worked hour
in
ments
in week week
per
in week
week
Occupation, sex, and State
FINISHING DEPAETMENT—Continued
Shoe cleaners, male:
Illinois..................... I—
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts.................
Michigan.........................
Missouri......................... .
New Hampshire............ .
New Jersey.................... .
New York...................... .
Ohio.................................
Pennsylvania— ..............
Wisconsin...................... .
1
2
4
1
3
1
4
16
3
5
2
Total..
Shoe cleaners, female:
Illinois..............................
Maryland and Virginia. _
Massachusetts.................
Minnesota........................
Missouri...........................
New Hampshire..............
New Jersey......................
New York........................
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania...................
Wisconsin........................
T otalLast pullers, hand and machine,
male:
Illinois-...................................
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia...........
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan..................................
Minnesota................................
Missouri.................. ............ .
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey...............................
New York................................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin.................................
Total..
Total..
i Data included in total.
.
(l)
(9
<9
(9
(9
5
14
12
11
48
6
24
3
5.4
5.9
5.5
49.3
(9
<9
87 $0,382 $19.10
.662 31.71
94
(9 ____ __ (9
<9
45.7
.316 15.58
93
(9
(9
0)
50.0
47.9
(9
(9
43.7
45.1
0)
(9
(9
$16.71
29.90
(9
14.46
(9
4.5
5.6
5.8
5.2
5.3
48.3
47.0
49.8
48.7
48.7
38.7
45.5
41.3
46.7
44.7
80
97
83
96
92
.510
.544
.431
.428
.501
24.63
25.57
21.46
20.84
24.40
19.77
24.73
17.81
19.96
22.41
42
131
5.4
48.3
44.4
92
.493
23.81
21.89
3
2
5
1
2
1
2
4
4
1
1
17
4
24
5.9
3.8
4.9
51.4
50.1
46.8
C1)
51.0
48.6
31.5
42.5
95
63
91
.206
.221
.479
10.59
11.07
22.42
10.01
6.94
20.36
48.5
95
____ __
31.5
67
44.0
93
46.3
93
.286
14.59
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
2
(9
3
5
10
8
(9
6.0
0)
4.0
5.4
5.7
8
46.8
47.2
50.0
(9
(9
.303
.465
.336
(9
14.18
21.95
16.80
(9
13.85
(9
9.54
20.45
15.53
8
8
26
77
5.4
49.0
44.8
91
.334
16.37
14.96
8
17
13
10
63
5.8
5.7
5.9
5.7
50.6
53.5
48.9
48.1
46.7
46.9
51.7
44.7
92
106
93
88
.421
.361
.357
.634
21.30
19.31
17.46
30.50
19.65
16.94
18.46
28.33
6.0
5.4
5.7
5.0
5.5
5.4
5.1
5.7
49.7
50.4
49.8
47.8
47.6
50.0
50.3
50.0
49.7
44.0
47.2
41.1
44.5
42.4
45.1
47.6
100
87
95
86
93
85
90
95
.464
.406
.499
.633
.564
.452
.354
.513
23.06
20.46
24.85
30.26
26.85
22.60
17.81
25.65
23.06
17.87
23.57
26.01
25.08
19.18
15.95
24.39
6
5
33
1
4
7
9
4
18
7
7
10
Treers, hand and machine, male:
Illinois-......... ..................... . .
Maine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia..........
Massachusetts.........................
Michigan..................................
Minnesota................................
Missouri...................................
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey..............................
New York................................
Ohio........................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin................................
(9
(i)
5
17
15
6
39
14
14
12
(9
(i)
(9
8
(9
8
(9
8
(9
119
226
5.6
49.2
45.4
92
.510
25.09
23.15
6
6
6
37
4
3
6
9
4
17
4
8
8
53
77
40
397
12
9
101
90
17
152
45
42
37
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.3
5.3
50.3
53.2
48.7
48.2
49.8
48.7
50.3
49.7
47.1
48.1
50.0
49.9
49.9
46.4
48.5
49.9
44.4
47.3
46.8
47.1
46.0
44.3
44.4
44.3
47.1
45.3
92
91
102
92
95
96
94
93
94
92
89
94
91
.513
.518
.483
.722
.517
.535
.555
.567
.632
.685
.468
.513
.613
25.80
27.56
23.52
34.80
25.75
26.05
27.92
28.18
29.77
32.95
23.40
25.60
30.59
23.79
25.09
24.11
32.08
24.49
25.07
26.17
26.04
28.01
30.45
20.74
24.14
27.76
118
1,072
5.6
49.2
45.6
93
.624
30.70
28.43
63
GENERAL TABLES
T a b le A*—Average number of days on which employees worked. average fuU time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
Aver age
full
age
earn time
ings earn
per
ings
per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
90 $0,418 $20.73
$18.59
il'k
Aver Aver
Per
cent of
age
Num Num Aver
age
age
full
full
ber of ber of number
hours
time
estab em of days time actually
lish ploy
hours worked hours
worked
ments ees in week per in week worked
week
in week
FINISHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Treers. hand and machine, female:
Illinois........................................
Maine______________________
Mftryl$yn<i and Virginia
Massachusetts___ r__________
Michigan
_____
Minnesota
, ....
Missouri____________________
New York___________________
Ohio________________________
Wisconsin___________________
Total____ _____
__
6
1
3
3
1
2
3
6
6
5
36
12
5
5.4
(,l
49.6
0)
44.5
(9
<9
(9
6.0
50.3
48.0
50.2
45.3
100
94
.295
.656
31.49
14.79
29.73
29
40
39
45
6.0
5.6
5.6
54
5.4
51.4
48.6
48.9
49.9
48.8
45.2
46.3
42.0
41.6
a*
100
93
93
84
85
.331
.309
.386
.411
.371
17.01
15.02
18.88
20.51
18.10
17.01
13.99
17.51
17.23
15.44
239
5.5
49.3
44.3
90
.386
19.03
17.09
7
4
4
23
5.9
5.5
5.3
5.9
50.6
51.0
50.3
48.0
48.5
45.0
48.8
47.2
96
88
97
98
.356
.565
.534
.571
18.01
28.82
26.86
27.41
17.28
25.41
26.05
26.97
5.5
&0
47?5
49.9
104
.358
17.18
17.90
%
0
6
(9
(9
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
<9
<9
(9
(9
(9
(9
(9
%
12
23
9
5.7
6.0
5.1
5.6
50.0
49.3
48.9
47.6
49.5
45.7
46.5
100
99
93
95
.670
.504
.517
.611
31.83
25.20
25.49
29.88
31.86
24.94
23.62
28.41
48
134
5.6
48.5
47.4
98
.569
27.60
26.94
8
6
6
38
2
2
7
9
2
18
7
5
10
126
61
41
207
2
6
79
66
10
102
51
50
31
5.7
5.6
5.1
5.5
5.5
6.0
5.6
5.6
4.9
5.2
5.5
5.0
5.6
50.4
53.7
48.8
47.9
50.0
49.5
49.3
49.7
51.0
48.5
49.9
48.9
49.0
47.3
47.2
42.0
43.5
48.4
49.5
44.6
45.4
43.7
41.9
42.8
43.7
45.7
94
88
86
91
97
100
90
91
86
86
86
89
93
.312
.343
.252
.485
.237
.305
.300
.404
.307
.411
.335
.342
.371
15.72
18.42
12.30
23.23
11.85
15.10
14.79
20.08
15.66
19.93
16.72
16.72
18.19
14.76
16.20
10.61
21.09
11.46
15.10
13.39
18.33
13.44
17.24
14.34
14.94
16.99
Total.......................................
120
832
5.5
49.4
44.4
90
.377
18.62
16.74
Dressers, male:
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts_______________
Michigan____________________
Minnesota__________________
New Jersey__________________
New York.............. ....................
Pennsylvania..... ......... ..... ....
Wisconsin......... .........................
2
2
1
1
1
5
1
3
2
2
5.5
5.5
50.5
46.5
QOO
Repairers (not cobblers) (includ
ing tip fixers and scourers), male:
Illinois__ ___________________
4
3
MMT'ft- ____ ____
Maryland and Virginia
_
3
11
Massachusetts. ___ _ Michigan____________________
1
2
_____________
New Hampshire
1
New Jersey__________________
New York___________________
11
3
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania________________
5
Wisconsin___________________
4
62
(9
91
99
.421
.648
21.26
30.13
19.24
29.82
43.2
93
Total.__ - ...............................
16
24
5.5
48.5
Dressers, female:
Illinois...................................
Maine________ _____________
Maryland and Virginia....... .....
Massachusetts..................... .....
Michigan...................................
Minnesota.................................
8
4
4
15
1
3
45
15
8
57
5.6
5.9
6.0
5.9
(1)8
ll o
Total.......................................
Repairers (not cobblers) (including
tip fixers and scourers), female:
Illinois_________ ___ _____ ___
___ _____ _______
Maine
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts... ___ _______
Michigan
...
Minnesota______ _
^
Missouri____________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey__ _______________
New York__________________
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania________________
Wisconsin___________________
iData included in total.
(i)
0)
(9
11
0)
5.3
°L
m
M
46.7
(9
m
(9
(9
(9
(9
.534
(9
(9
(9
(9
24.94
(9
(9
n\
23.08
(9
92
.490
24.65
22.55
45.6
94
.487
23.62
22.23
49.4
51.6
48.5
48.0
46.2
50.8
49.5
46.3
94
98
102
96
.341
.346
.332
.410
16.85
17.8a
16.10
19.68
15.77
17.60
16.41
18.98
49.0
48.6
99
V
13.33
13.23
50.3
<9
<9
<9
(9
64
T
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
A .— Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, ana per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued
able
Occupation, sex, and State
Per
Aver Aver
cent of
age
Num Num Average
age
full
full hours
ber of ber of number
time
estab emtime
lish ploy- of days hours actually hours
worked
worked
per in week worked
ments
in week week
in week
AvfcrAver
age
earn time
ings earn
ings
per
per
hour
week
Aver
age
actual
earn
ings
in
week
$16.91
21.30
0
19.33
14.49
12.36
15.97
FIN ISH IN G D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
Dressers, female—Continued.
Missouri......................... .........
New Hampshire......................
New Jersey................................
New York................................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania-.........................
Wisconsin........................ t____
Total.....................................
Sock liners (including heel-lining,
heel-pad, and heel-pin pasters),
male:
Illinois__________ _________
Massachusetts.........- ............. -.
Missouri. ................... ..............
New York................................ .
Ohio__......................................
Pennsylvania...........................
Wisconsin..................................
T o t a l - .................................
Sock liners (including heel-lining,
heel-pad, and heel-pin pasters),
female:
Illinois--.................................. .
Maine...................................... .
Maryland and Virginia........... .
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan..................................
Minnesota................................ .
Missouri..................... ............. .
New Hampshire.......................
New Jersey................................
New York................................ .
O h io .........................................
Pennsylvania-...........................
Wisconsin................................ .
T o ta l....................................
7
7
1
9
7
4
7
38
21
0)
37
23
8
26
5.8
5.5
0
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.6
50.8
49.0
0)
48.8
49.7
49.6
49.2
48.0
45.7
0
43.1
40.8
44.6
46.4
94 $0,352 $17.88
93
.466 22.83
0
0
88
.448 21.86
82
.355 17.64
90
.277 13.74
94
.344 16.92
77
290
5.6
49.3
45.9
93
0
48.0
0
47.0
0
54.8
48.0
48.0
0
43.0
0
49.9
44.7
100
5
2
<2
6.0
0
5.5
0
5.6
5.5
12
23
5.6
49.7
6
6
5
31
3
2
7
9
3
20
7
7
10
19
18
11
68
3
2
30
19
4
66
19
29
17
6.0
5.8
5.0
5.4
5.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.7
116
306
1
2
1
3
1
2
2
0
0
0
6
4
.375
18.49
17.22
91
93
0
.586
0
.541
0
.212
.617
0
28.13
0
25.43
0
11.62
29.62
0
28.12
0
23.24
0
10.58
27.53
46.5
94
.433
21.52
20.12
50.5
53.1
49.3
47.9
49.3
48.0
50.1
49.5
49.1
47.8
49.9
48.8
48.7
49.5
48.2
41.3
41.9
41.9
48.0
48.4
48.1
45.4
43.2
44.1
44.8
45.8
98
91
84
87
85
100
97
97
92
90
88
92
94
.331
.360
.376
.444
.283
.328
.303
.418
.412
.446
.391
.308
.365
16.72
19.12
18.54
21.27
13.95
15.74
15.18
20.69
20.23
21.32
19,51
15.03
17.78
16.36
17.37
15.50
18.60
11.84
15.74
14.65
20.09
18.68
19.24
17.26
13.79
16.72
5.6
49.0
44.8
91
.389
19.06
17.39
0
44.8
0
52.7
0
43.3
0
52.1
0
20.79
0
14.33
0 A
20.10
0 w
14.17
91
Lacers (before packing), male:
Michigan.................................. .
New York.................___...........
Ohio__.......................................
Pennsylvania-..........................
1
3
1
2
3
0
6.0
0
5.7
99
0
.464
0
.272
Total..................................... .
7
10
5.8
48.2
45.9
95
.378
18.22
17.36
Lacers (before packing), female:
Illinois-.................................... .
Maine....................................... .
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts......................... .
Michigan.................................. .
Minnesota................................ .
Missouri................................... .
New Hampshire...................... .
New Jersey................................
New York................................
Ohio..........................................
Pennsylvania........................... .
Wisconsin..................................
7
3
4
19
1
1
7
8
4
15
7
5
9
22
13
9
42
49.6
53.4
4a 8
48.0
ft
0
49.9
49.7
46.9
48.4
50.0
49.3
48.7
46.5
50.7
50.3
46.3
ft
0
46.2
43.8
40.8
43.4
42.3
47.3
45.7
94
95
103
96
25
11
5
35
10
9
20
5.5
5.7
6.0
5.9
ft
0
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.7
93
88
87
90
85
96
94
.311
.251
.307
.333
ft
0
.307
.380
.364
.366
.296
.220
.331
15.43
13.40
14.98
15.98
ft
0
15.32
18.89
17.07
17.71
14.80
10.85
16.12
14.46
12.71
15.41
15.43
ft
0)
14.17
16.63
14.87
15.90
12.51
10.39
15.11
Total.......................................
90
204
5.6
49.2
45.7
93
.320
15.74
14.64
* Data included in total.
0
0
0
0
5
97
65
GENERAL TABLES
T able A.—-Average number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time vjorked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Average
cent of
age
age
full
ber of ber of number
full
hours
estab em- of days time
time
lish ploy- worked houre actuaUy hours
“ 2 1 s worked worked
ments
in week week taweefc
in week
Aver
Aver age Aver
age
age
full
earn time actual
earn
ings earn
ings
per
ings
in
hour
per
week
FIN ISH IN G D E P A B T M E N T-C ontinued
Packers, male:
Illinois______________________
Maine. _____ ________________
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts............ ..............
New Hampshire__________ __
New York..................................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
1
1
1
5
1
3
2
4
6
3
8
M
m
5.4
0)
5.5
5.3
5.5
M
(i)
48.0
0)
4a 6
50.0
51.4
(l)
0)
(1)
44.7
0)
46.9
43.6
47.1
97
87
92
0)
(1)
8
0)
93
m
C1)
(i)
0)
(i)
0)
$0,492 $23.62
0)
0)
.555 26.97
.449 22.45
.348 17.89
(l)
0)
<9
$22.00
0)
26.06
19.57
16.41
Total.......................................
18
31
5.5
49.6
46.9
95
.443
21.97
20.77
Packers, female:
Illinois........... ........................
Maine.— ..................................
Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan...................................
Minnesota.................................
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey................................
New York..................................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin..................................
8
5
6
36
4
3
7
8
4
19
7
7
11
23
10
10
131
7
4
27
33
12
46
18
36
22
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.6
5.4
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.5
50.4
52.8
49.2
47.8
49.7
50.1
49.7
49.2
47.1
48.1
49.9
48.8
48.6
47.6
52.7
48.5
44.7
44.9
50.0
46.9
46.5
43.1
42.6
40.9
44.4
44.7
94
100
99
94
90
100
94
92
92
89
82
91
92
.339
.412
.348
.458
.313
.300
.366
.376
.368
.396
.315
.288
.338
17.09
21.75
17.12
21.89
15.56
15.03
18.19
18.50
17.33
19.05
15.72
14.05
16.43
16.12
21.70
16.89
20.48
14.06
14.98
17.17
17.10
15.89
16.85
12.87
12.78
15.11
Total.......................................
125
379
5.6
48.7
45.0
92
.388
1&90
17.46
$23.79
22.90
19.31
26.47
23.95
17.10
23.45
22.08
26.52
23.62
19.45
20.54
21.66
ALL D EPARTM ENTS
Other employees, male:
Illinois............................
Maine.............................
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts.................
Michigan........................
Minnesota....... .............. .
Missouri......................... .
New Hampshire----------New Jersey......................
New Y ork ..................... .
Ohio............................... .
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin-......................
TotalOther employees: female:
Illinois.................. ..........
Maine............................ .
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts............... .
Michigan........................ .
Minnesota...................... .
Missouri......................... .
New Hampshire_______
New Jersey......................
New Y ork ..................... .
Ohio.................................
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin........................
Total..
* Data included in total.
9
6
8
49
4
4
11
10
4
21
7
12
11
601
479
265
1,856
66
87
1,629
549
126
1,626
693
613
408
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.4
49.3
53.2
48.7
48.1
49.5
50.4
49.2
49.0
45.6
48.2
49.8
50.0
49.1
47.6
49.9
46.1
45.3
47.9
48.4
46.9
46.5
44.7
44.8
39.8
44.8
45.0
97 $0,500 $24.65
94
.459 24.42
.419 20.41
95
94
.585 28.14
97
.500 24.75
.353 17.79
96
95
.500 24.60
95
.474 23.23
.593 27.04
98
93
.527 25.40
80
.488 24.30
89
.459 22.95
92
.482 23.67
156
9,070
5.6
49.0
45.6
93
.513
25.14
23.38
9
6
8
38
4
4
10
10
4
20
7
10
11
550
281
100
1,061
15
39
700
217
33
982
568
311
281
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.1
5.3
50.0
53.1
48.7
47.9
49.5
50.8
49.4
49.5
46.5
48.6
49.6
49.3
48.5
46.3
47.9
47.9
44.1
45.6
50.0
46.3
45.8
43.5
44.0
42.2
43.7
43.9
93
90
98
92
92
98
94
93
94
91
85
89
91
.318
.336
.311
.434
.266
.273
.317
.362
.440
.400
.304
.308
.363
15.90
17.84
15.15
20.79
13.17
13.87
14.69
17.92
20.46
19.44
15.08
15.18
17.61
14.72
16.09
14.88
19.14
12.10
13.62
15.66
16.57
19.13
17.63
12.82
13.45
15.93
141
5,155
5.5
49.2
44.8
91
.361
17.76
16.15
66
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T a b l e A . — Average
number of days on which employees worked, average full time
and actual hours and earnings per week, average earnings per hour, and per cent
of full time worked, 1928, by occupation, sex, and State—Continued
Aver Aver
Per
Num Num Average
cent of
age
age
full
ber of ber of number
full
hours
estab em- of days time actually
time
lish ploy- worked hours worked hours
per in week worked
ments
in week week
in week
Occupation, sex, and State
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
hour
Aver Aver
age
age
full
time actual
earn
ings
m
per
week week
A L L D E PA R T M E N TS-C ontinued
All occupations, male:
Illinois................................. ......
Maine.................................. ......
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan....................................
Minnesota..................................
Missouri............................ ........
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey...............................New York............................. .
Ohio........ ..................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin..................................
9
6
8
50
4
4
11
10
4
21
7
12
11
2,071
1,428
1,033
7,096
198
300
3,506
1,761
467
5,388
1,877
1,813
1,374
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4
49.5
53.1
49.0
48.1
49.6
50.1
49.6
49.2
46.8
47.9
49.9
50.0
49.4
46.9
48.2
46.4
44.3
47.5
49.2
46.4
45.4
43.9
44.4
40.6
45.6
45.2
95 $0,613 $30.34
91
.516 27.40
95
.511 25.04
92
.723 34.78
96
.558 27.68
98
.506 25.35
94
.549 27.23
92
.575 28.29
94
.657 30.75
93
.670 32.09
81
.607 30.29
91
.542 27.10
91
.597 29.49
$28.77
24.89
23.69
32.01
26.48
24.88
25.48
26.10
28.85
29.78
24.61
24.73
26.99
Total.......................................
157 28,312
5.6
49.0
45.1
92
.625
30.63
28.14
All occupations, female:
Illinois........................................
Maine....................................... Maryland and Virginia............
Massachusetts— .......................
Michigan...................................
Minnesota..................................
Missouri....................................
New Hampshire........................
New Jersey..... ..........................
New York..................................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania.............................
Wisconsin..................................
9 2,052
6 1,119
604
8
40 4,673
4
130
254
4
10 2,450
10 1,311
266
4
20 3,556
7 1,574
10 1,181
11 1,176
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.4
50.1
53.2
48.9
47.9
49.6
50.0
49.8
49.3
47.6
48.5
49.8
49.7
48.7
46.6
46.9
47.3
42.8
45.0
48.8
46.2
44.6
42.8
43.9
42.4
44.6
43.0
93
88
w
89
91
98
93
90
90
91
85
90
88
.367
.375
.288
.473
.325
.303
.336
.393
.439
.430
.355
.343
.412
18.39
19.95
14.08
22.66
16.12
15.15
16.73
19.37
20.90
20.86
17.68
17.05
20.06
17.09
17.59
13.63
20.26
14.62
14.80
15.51
17.50
18.78
18.86
15.04
15.27
17.69
Total.......................................
144 20,346
5.5
49.2
44.4
90
.397
19.53
17.64
4,123
2,547
1,637
11,769
328
554
5,956
3,072
733
8,944
3,451
2,994
2,550
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.4
49.8
53.1
48.9
48.1
49.6
50.0
49.7
49.2
47.1
48.1
49.8
49.9
49.1
46.7
47.6
46.7
43.7
46.5
49.0
46.3
45.0
43.5
44.2
41.4
45.2
44.2
94
90
96
91
94
98
93
91
92
92
83
91
90
.491
.455
.428
.626
.469
.414
.462
.498
.579
.575
.489
.465
.514
24.45
24.16
20.93
30.11
23.26
20.70
22.96
24.50
27.27
27.66
24.35
23.20
25.24
22.95
21.68
19.98
27.35
21.78
20.26
21.38
22.43
25.19
25.44
20.24
21.00
22.70
157 48,658
5.5
49.1
44.8
91
.530
26.02
23.75
All occupations, male and female:
Illinois........................................
Maine.........................................
Maryland and Virginia_______
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan....................................
Minnesota..................................
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire— ...................
New Jersey— ............................
New York..................................
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania......................... .
Wisconsin..................................
Total.......................................
9
6
8
50
4
4
11
10
4
21
7
12
11
T able
B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and Stale
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Num
Aver
age
ber of
of earn
Un
estab ber
30,
12,
60,
50,
90,
100, 120,
80,
70,
wage ings
per der under under under under under onxjfer under under under under under under under
lish earners
ments
hour
12
16
20
25
30
40
60
70
50
100
120 140
80
90
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
140
cents
and
over
C U T TIN G D E P A RTM E N T
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand, male:
Illinois..............................................................................
Maine..............................................................................
Maryland and Virginia........ .................................... .
Massachusetts_________________________ ________
Michigan............. ...........................................................
Minnesota.......................................................................
Missouri...... ....................................................................
New Hampshire.......................................................... —
New Jersey______________________________________
New York...... .................................................................
Ohio.................................................................................
Pennsylvania-—.......................... ..................................
Wisconsin-................................................. _...................
Total............. ...............................................................
Skivers, upper, male:
Illinois..............................................................................
Maine..............................................................................
Maryland and Virginia..................................................
Massachusetts...............................................................
New Hampshire-..........................................................
New York.......................................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Total.............................................................................
Skivers, upper, female:
Illinois_
Maine........ ......................................................................
Maryland and Virginia.................................................
Massachusetts.................................................................
Michigan............. ........... ...............................................
Minnesota................ ......................................................
Missouri______________________________________ _
6
5
5
38
1
4
3
5
4
18
4
8
9
no
3
3
3
14
1
8
1
1
34
8
6
3
26
4
4
7
143 $0,845
89
662
69
570
640
895
(l)
0)
31
.616
62
.950
75
.699
45
.755
267
.974
119
.866
131
.597
104
.697
.824
1,777
7
4
6
52
0)
24
(i)
«
98
45
18
17
107
6
8
56
1
2
2
3
1
.300
.464
.454
.674
0)
.836
0)
1
4
1
10
2
8
14
12
11
9
20
15
28
8
20
13
50
1
1
7
2
2
1
13
2
35
1
8
6
5
30
10
101
12
10
12
12
37
17
179
22
2
25
8
23
g
17
18
214
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
13
(,)X • (,)i
0)
c)
«
31
6
5
179
0
4
19
5
33
18
18
25
261
%
1
19
3
7
20
27
6
15
9
2
2
31
3
1
1
31
8
88
31
3
1
156
14
8
4
40
18
7
21
335
20
7
4
47
25
3
9
237
19
1
7
49
28
3
2
301
4
2
g
1
2
1
1
5
3
3
9
g
3
1
1
3
2
35
5
3
21
1
80
31
(9
1
1
5
g
9
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
5
5
2
7
11
2
4
19
9
7
3
27
1
3
15
.653
.499
.508
.358
.542
.298
.358
.391
19
23
11
87
1
2
......
4
6
299
1
27
8
3
7
1
kr
T a b le B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, one?
Occupation, sex, and State
—Continued
Number of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Num Num- Aver
age
ber of
100, 120, 140
80,
90,
60,
30,
50,
20,
25,
16,
estab- ber of earn Un
ings per der under under under under under under under under under under under under under cents
lish120 140 and
90
100
80
50
60
70
25
30
40
16
20
12
hour
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents over
C U TTIN G DE PA RTM E N T—Continued
Skivers, upper, female—Continued.
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York________________________________________
Ohio
.
Pennsylvania
Wisconsin.........................................................................
Total___ ____ ___ ____________________ _________
9
3
15
7
8
10
110
47 $0,417
12
.518
94
.474
.414
42
.448
37
.414
52
.458
541
1
5
1
4
2
1
19
9
9
1
8
7
5
3
49
11
3
21
12
8
21
126
10
3
24
12
14
18
146
0)
0)
6
2
22
3
2
9
102
2
3
1
,1
1
2
7
5
3
1
56
19
1
1
1
1
21
5
1
6
7
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
5
5
4
FITT IN G O R S T ITC H IN G D E P A R T M E N T
1
1
3
5
8
5
6
35
3
4
7
9
3
18
7
8
11
124
0)
6
9
113
92
54
324
7
11
134
110
22
217
73
112
49
1,318
0)
(i)
.730
.636
.296
.286
.199
.397
.286
i§ s i
Cementers and doublers, hand and machine (including
reinforcers, pasters, ana fitters), male:
Illinois..............................................................................
Massachusetts.................................................................
New York...................................................................... .
Total.............................................................................
Cementers and doublers, hand and machine (including
reinforcers, pasters, and fitters), female:
Illinois-............................................................................
Maine............................................................................. .
Maryland and Virginia..................................................
Massachusetts............................................................... .
Michigan...... ..................................................................
Minnesota...................................................................... .
Missouri..........................................................................
New Hampshire.............................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
New York...................................................................... .
Ohio.................................................................................
Pennsylvania................................................................. .
Wisconsin........................................................................
Total........................................................................... .
338
.328
.292
.330
.330
1
1
8
10
12
12
11
11
1
11
2
6
8
6
20
3
16
20
94
1
26
27
27
12
31
3
3
24
26
2
23
12
23
6
219
38
17
4
40
2
7
26
18
1
38
17
23
9
240
1
2
1
2
21
21
6
116
1
1
37
33
1
75
27
30
27
396
6
10
1
55
1
26
14
4
32
14
14
4
181
0)
1
2
2
10
4
39
4
7
7
15
2
2
3
93
5
1
5
1 !.........
i
36
7
1
1
Lining makers (including lining closers and side and top
facing stitchers), female:
Illinois............................................................................
Maine............................................................................
Maryland and Virginia...............................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Michigan.................. ....................................................
Minnesota.... ................................................ ...............
Missouri........................................................................ .
New Hampshire...........................................................
New Jersey....................................................................
New York................................. ...................................
Ohio...............................................................................
Pennsylvania................................................................
Wisconsin......................................................................
Total.
131
57
34
267
7
14
124
74
15
24
5
10
7
25
5
1
10
.348
129
13
12
47
4
)
8 32
19"
9
U
131
23
18
13
24
12
5
70
1
1
8
18
6
46
13
10
23
281
237
24
22
7
63
4
5
39
27
.912
.475
.975
.437
(9
(9
(9
.839
.834
134
78
55
325
16
14
11
237
110
61
76
124
10
’ 55"
....
3
6
2
17
14
4
14
2
12
140
76
1
1
2
4
1
(9
w
(9
5
1
12
.450
.263
.552
.371
.351
.362
.440
.510
.499
.403
.453
.519
.451
6
....
5 !
1 !
132
Top stitchers (including undertiimmers and barber trim
mers), female:
Illinois............................................................................
Maine............................................................................
Maryland and Virginia................................................
Massachusetts...............................................................
Michigan.......................................................................
Minnesota.....................................................................
Missouri........................................................................
New Hampshire...........................................................
New Jersey....................................................................
New York......................................................................
Ohio...............................................................................
Pennsylvania................................................................
Wisconsin......................................................................
13
16
8
17
5
13
21
71
20
21
5
87
2
1
45
33
2
81
31
19
26
19"
13
12
7
4
37
18
13
46
9
11
57
19
1
41
44
19
4
20
7
49
12
2
21
6
1
28
6
3
18
121
319
373
216
148
27
7
12
4
1
2
26
17
26
14
12
68
1
10
TABLES
13
Total.
97
1,046
20
4
3
15
1
3
36
10
GENERAL
Top stitchers (including undertrimmers and barber trim
mers), male:
Illinois.............................................................................
Maryland and Virginia.................................................
Massachusetts.......................... .................................... .
Missouri.............................................. _.........................
New Hampshire............................................................
New Jersey.....................................................................
New York.......................................................................
Pennsylvania.................................................................
Total.
.378
.360
.268
.470
.329
.316
.296
.385
.484
17
16'
1
....
61
28
10
i Bata included in total.
G>
CD
T able
<1
O
B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Num Num Aver
age
ber of ber of
100, 120,
90,
80,
70,
60,
50,
25,
30,
20,
Un
16,
estab wage
earn
12J under under under under under under under under under under under under
under
lish earners ings per der
120 140
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
25
30
20
16
12
hour cents
ments
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
140
cents
and
over
F ITT IN G O R STITCHING D E P A RTM E N T—Continued
270
.727
Vampers, female:
Illinois.............................
Maine..............................
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts................
Michigan........................
Minnesota.......................
Missouri..........................
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey.....................
New York.......................
Ohio.................................
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin........................
8
5
6
30
A
A
4
A
17
7/
7/
n
96
45
99
uO
172
12
18
141
91
18
189
87
45
75
.517
.519
. 369
1628
.403
.415
.406
.502
.562
.534
.428
.442
.545
Total............................
119
1,022
.505
1
3
1
1
4
5
9
o
2
2
3
2
2
1
49
12
5
11
3
1
4
2
1
1
2
1
6
3
2
23
7
3
9
2
1
3
5
4
5
1
2
5
2
4
1
12
27
37
59
66
21
12
4
3
8
4
25
5
9
13
g
8
41
22
2
20
36
13
9
18
11
9
22
2
9
32
23
4
56
23
14
19
15
14
1
39
2
1
23
23
6
52
12
8
16
17
11
2
31
10
5
1
1
34
20
8
1
6
14
3
35
5
2
20
4
6
2
14
3
1
10
2
2
1
1
0)
2
.
5
26
3
1
2
1
1
6
5
14
60
211
242
212
146
84
28
12
3
3
1
2
1
11
6
7
10
4
11
4
5
6
8
2
3
9
2
5
2
3
1
1
8
6
7
55
23
28
$0,572
.531
.460
1
5
1
1
LASTING D E P A R T M E N T
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine, male:
Illinois......................................................
Maine........ ................................. .............
Maryland and Virginia...........................
4
l
1
3
4
2
4
33
8
0)
(l)
3
5
1
2
1
3
25
INDUSTRY
54
s
2
SHOE
Total............................
g
g
37
15
12
$0,845
.557
636
736
0)
0)
.497
.859
.743
.887
.643
17
5
S
155
AND
2
4
3
22
1
1
4
2
10
2
3
BOOT
Vampers, male:
Illinois-............................
Maine........ .....................
Maryland and Virginia _
Massachusetts................
Minnesota.......................
Missouri..........................
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey.....................
New York.......................
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin........................
1
1
4
2
2
10
7
6
6
29
4
4
7
9
3
16
7
8
11
117
1
2
9
1
2
9
3
3
1
31
132
3
5
74
28
19
92
30
17
31
637
0)
(i)
.647
.490
.661
.477
.582
.499
.643
.640
.498
.550
.577
4
3
17
26
0)
(l)
.748
.416
.445
.501
131
61
49
291
8
9
157
82
16
221
72
35
75
1,207
.675
.576
.558
.731
.699
.678
.612
.655
.758
.714
.749
.639
.725
.682
0)
9
320
0)
20
167
37
127
0)
706
0)
.895
.836
0)
.607
.899
.670
.833
(*)
.831
1
2
1
6
6
1
2
2
6
21
13
1
21
2
3
7
1
2
1
75
14
1
1
25
5
3
16
8
4
7
109
17
1
1
5
7
7
15
9
7
15
99
34
21
1
4
9
2
19
1
1
2
2
18
3
8
4
6
4
3
1
2
61
38
24
10
2
6
90
13
4
2
4
5
4
1
6
4
0)
1
1
2
2
1
•
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
8
11
11
3
3
3
29
15
13
16
6
3
28
12
7
4
1
4
5
1
1
21
9
6
1
150
19
18
11
41
1
2
38
20
4
43
10
6
9
222
15
16
13
90
4
5
48
15
3
33
11
4
12
269
0)
0)
6
40
1
3
15
1
1
1
4
3
8
2
7
10
41
1
0)
1
2
2
1
9
7
7
66
1
12
18
4
43
10
6
45
228
0)
1
2 1
42
48
46
0)
4
4
7
11
27
12
14
4
12
20
19
19
0)
0)
0)
104
118
89
18
2
20
8
1
37
1
2
4
9
1
36
14
6
4
134
13
1
16
8
1
15
3
2
17
5
3
2
81
3
2
1
14
13
1
4
2
2
59
14
60
4
51
1
48
6
29
3
17
(0
111
1
24
36
1
12 “ 'is ’
6
13
-- ....... 7
93
23
103
13
TABLES
1 Data included in total.
28
3
4
7
9
4
16
7
6
11
116
GENERAL
Massachusetts................................................................
Michigan........................................................................
Minnesota.. ...................................................................
Missouri..........................................................................
New Hampshire.............................................................
New Jersey.....................................................................
New York.......................................................................
Ohio................................................................................
Pennsylvania................................................................ .
Wisconsin.......................................................................
Total............................................................................
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine, female:
Illinois............................. ............................................ .
Maine........ .....................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
New Hampshire.............................................................
New York.......................................................................
Total........................................................................... .
Bed machine operators, male:
Illinois......... ...................................................................
Maine. ...........................................................................
Maryland and Virginia. ...............................................
Massachusetts........................................ .......................
Michigan................ .......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................................
Missouri..........................................................................
New Hampshire.............................................................
New Jersey............................................. ...................... .
New York.......................................................................
Ohio.................................................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Total. ..........................................................................
Turn lasters, hand (including first and second lasters),
male:
Illinois............................................................................ .
Maryland and V irginia.............................................. .
Massachusetts............................................................... .
Michigan....................................................................... .
New Jersey.................................................................... .
New York.......................................................................
Ohio.................................................................................
Pennsylvania.................................................................
Wisconsin.......................................................................
T o ta l......................................................................... .
T able B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State—Continued
Number of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Num Num Aver
ber of
age
of earn
100, 120,
90,
80,
60,
70,
30,
50,
25,
Un
estab ber
lish wage ings per der under under under under under under under under under under under under under
earners
120 140
90
100
70
80
60
40
50
30
12
20
25
hour
16
ments
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
Occupation, sex, and State
to
140
cents
and
over
BOTTOMING DEPARTMENT
5
16
3
11
1
1
9
9
1
7
2
8
10
1
19
4
3
3
1
7
1
30
4
2
5
3
1
1
6
7
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
14
4
1
1
21
48
93
98
90
40
52
6
1
7
9
15
27
1
2
19
13
2
12
20
5
2
4
7
2
42
1
1
2
12
1
29
9
11
14
4
2
1
39
1
1
6
6
1
44
6
2
8
4
2
14
5
34
27
1
13
3
5
1
1
25
7
1
9
8
5
1
19
2
1
1
3
1
134
135
121
89
78
22
4
2
7
1
1
3
6
6
1
2
7
4
30
2
2
5
1
6
6
1
2
3
1
1
2
2
89
461
.766
64
41
37
191
6
6
73
54
10
147
56
29
40
.766
.612
.568
.875
.719
.643
.658
.696
.747
.834
.720
.677
.783
2
3
2
1
7
6
9
2
1
5
1
.......
8
6
7
37
4
4
7
9
4
20
7
8
10
10
8
1
5
2
4
1
17
12
8
3
1
2
18
8
2
9
10
4
6
______ _______________
131
754
.764
15
56
100
.
-
______
___________ _____ _
_ _____ _ . . . . . . . __
.. ... ....
_
_____ ____ _____ . . . . . __
........................................
______ ________
_____ _
1
INDUSTRY
3
3
32
1
1
SHOE
Total
.
3
2
6
3
13
2
3
5
8
2
32
3
4
15
1
12
Total.............................................................................
Edge trimmers, male:
Illinois
Maine
Maryland and Virginia
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
WisfnnsiTi
33 $0,986
16
.679
23
.688
109
.762
7
.694
5
.800
33
.666
35
,711
.882
7
114
.800
28
.794
.629
22
29
.755
AND
Maryland and Virginia
___ ______ __ _______
____ ________ ___
1V|~
Michigan
____ - ___
Minnesota
Missouri
- __ . . .
New Hampshire
_ _________________
New Jersey
__________ __
New York
._ ___________________________
Ohio
.
..................................................
Pennsylvania
- ______ __
Wisconsin
.... ......
4
4
6
16
4
4
4
6
3
15
6
8
10
BOOT
Goodyear stitchers, male:
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
Edge setters, male:
Illinois.......................................
Maine........................................
Maryland and Virginia______
Massachusetts. .....................
Michigan...................................
Minnesota.................................
Missouri....................................
New Hampshire.......................
New Jersey...............................
New Y o r k ...............................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania........ ....................
Wisconsin__________ ______
Total......................................
63 $0,745
44
.598
27
.697
.869
186
4
.652
.605
10
.671
54
.702
44
.814
15
.774
147
.723
.630
37
.783
133
T ota l.....................................
i Data included in total.
53
77
40
397
12
9
.513
.518
.640
.722
.517
.535
.555
567
.632
.685
.468
.513
.613
101
90
17
152
45.
42
37
118
1
62
C1)
12
5
<l)*
29
40
39
45
8
1
38
28
2
1
2
15
5
13
7
1
4
1
2
7
3
1
14
5
1
2
1
6
67
108
135
140
109
80
63
18
10
12
15
7
16
13
69
2
6
16
38
4
31
9
8
5
5
16
7
101
4
1
35
20
1
33
4
1
15
7
4
1
88
2
2
4
52
21
19
9
4
5
7
5
20
2
2
16
1
7
8
2
5
6
1
4
81
17
Q
1
1
4
6
6
%
.656
0)
.331
.309
.386
.411
.371
1
9
1
4
6
7
2
5
1
17
7
2
24
11
3
3
12
1
6
23
1
1
1
1
.418
12
16
3
29
8
15
6
5
5
7
39
2
4
4
5
2
28
16
6
17
1
4
1,072
4
9
5
3
25
17
5
5
14
8
18
1
6
5
3
16
5
3
1
1
6
8
11
2
6
24
13
28
4
2
20
17
4
22
24
13
4
16
81
181
224
243
148
15
<0
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
5~
1
5
13
20
4
3
W3
2
4
4
1
10
6
1
1
(')
3
12
12
23
34
3
13
11
8
4
4
2
12
27
102
57
27
1
3
4
5
1
4
2
35
29
TABLES
Total......................................
Treers, hand and machine, female:
Illinois______________________
M aine.......................................
Maryland and Virginia..........
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan...................................
Minnesota...... ...........................
Missouri....................................
New York.................................
Ohio...........................................
Wisconsin..................................
.755
2
1
14
8
4
14
GENERAL
Treers, hand and machine, male:
Illinois........................................
Maine. ......................................
Maryland and Virginia. _........
Massachusetts...........................
Michigan. .............................
Minnesota............. ....................
Missouri....................................
New H am pshire.....................
New Jersey...............................
New Y o r k ................................
Ohio...........................................
Pennsylvania—. .......................
Wisconsin.................................
738
1
10
14
2
5
1
2
8
6
T able
B.—Average and classified earnings per hour in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of wage earners whose earnings per hour were—
Num Num Aver
age
ber of
100, 120,
80,
90,
50,
60,
70,
30,
40,
20,
25,
16,
estab ber of earn Un
12a under under under under under under under under under under under under
lish
ings per der under
140
100 120
70
80
90
50
60
30
40
20
12
16
25
hour
ments
cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents cents
140
and
over
cents
FINISHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
1
5
1
1
3
2
2
7
5
8
1
1
5
14
15
5
7
1
38
20
14
3
1
2
12
6
49
19
9
32
%
134
126
61
41
207
2
6
79
66
10
102
51
60
31
120
7
3
2
.312
.343
.252
.485
.237
.304
.300
.404
.307
.411
.335
.342
.371
13
.377
32
8
1
4
2
4
12
1
1
2
.504
.517
.611
48
1
11
8
4
12
2
6
70
3
1
10
0
0)
1
1
1
9
1
0)
9
1
3
1
6
1
3
3
16
7
3
3
7
2
4
3
5
1
5
4
26
32
27
11
7
6
5
1
47
109
10
5
16
1
33
6
9
10
5
3
3
10
14
3
5
4
38
21
5
20
29
25
13
12
9
4
1
1
2
2
128
264
145
139
27
1
3
10
1
1
2
1
INDUSTRY
i Data included in total.
1
SHOE
0)
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip fixers and scourers),
female:
Illinois...........................................................................M ain e--...............................................................- .........
Maryland and Virginia. ...............................................
Massachusetts- ...............................................................
M ichigan.--..................................................................
Minnesota...... ................................................................
Missouri..........................................................................
New Hampshire- . .........................................................
New Jersey.......................... - .........................................
New York.......................................................................
Ohio.................................................................................
Pennsylvania...... ............................................................
Wisconsin.......................................... - ..........................
T o ta l-.................................................- .......................
(
3
AND
T otal-..........................................................................
(0
1
$.$356
.565
.534
.571
0)
.358
BOOT
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip fixers and scourers),
male:
Illinois............................................................................ .
M a in e ...........................................................................
Maryland and Virginia.................................................
Massachusetts- ..............................................................
Michij
New
New Jersey.
New York..................... .................................................
Ohio....... ....................................................................... .
Pennsylvania...... ............................................................
Wisconsin.......................................................................
75
GENERAL TABLES
T able
C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14 specified occupa*
Hons, 1928, by department, sex, and State
Number of wage earners whose full-time
hours per week were—
Num Num Aver
age
ber
ber
full
Over
Over 51,
of
of
Over
time Un
estab wage hours
45,
48, un
54,
der
44
un
45
un
un
lish earn
54
48
per
der der
der
der
ments ers
week 44
54
51
48
57
Occupation, sex, and State
C U T TIN G D E P A R T M E N T
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand,
male:
Illinois_____________________ ,,__
Mainft
. .
Maryland
Virginia
....
Massachusetts_________________
Michigan______________________
Minnesota ....... . .................. .
M i s s o u r i _______________
New TTnrnpshirft
New Jersey____________________
New York_____________________
Ohio__________________________
Pennsylvania_____ ___ ____ ____
Wisconsin.......................................
T o ta l-........................................
Skivers, upper, male:
Illinois________________________
Maine______________________ __
Maryland and Virginia___ - ____
Massachusetts________________
New Hampshire__ _____________
New
_____________________
York
Pennsylvania__________________
Wisconsin_____________________
Total...........................................
Skivers, upper, female:
Illinois________________________
Maine_________________________
Maryland and Virginia_________
Massachusetts_________________
Michigan. ___________ ____ _
Minnesota_____________ _______
Missouri______________________
N ew
H a m p s h i r e ____ ___________ ________
New Jersey____________________
New York............. ........................
Ohio_______________ ___________
Pennsylvania......... ................ ......
Wisconsin.......... ............................
Total________________ ______ _
6
5
5
38
1
4
3
5
4
18
4
8
9
110
143
89
69
640
(l)
31
62
75
45
267
119
131
104
1,777
48.0
49.1
46.7
46.9
49.9
50.1
49.3
48.6
3
3
3
14
1
8
1
1
34
7
4
6
52
51.9
51.0
50.4
48.0
24
(i)
0)
98
45.8
13
(1)
b)
48.1 ___ 13
8
6
3
26
4
4
7
9
3
15
7
8
10
110
45
18
17
107
6
8
56
47
12
94
42
37
52
541
49.0
52.2
48.8
47.9
49.7
49.9
50.5
49.0
46.0
48.5
49.9
50.4
48.9
49.1
0 )
125
48.6
53.3
48.7
48.0
47
548
36
0 )
19
62
50
&
_____
27
98
114
125
61
5
68
5 1,096
36
1
51
0)
11
0 )
65
31
4
8
6
14
11
103
1
3
12
30
54
2
6
17
22
284
4
18
22
56
10
’ 65"
11
1
13
12
55
119
30
13
353
12
6
1
3
6
1
(9
(i)
14
9
8
6
5
3
31
12
4
34
42
7
28
189
13
12
42
77
5
5
1
1
5
10
2
13
1
12
13
35
FITTIN G i O R ST IT C IIIN G 1DEPA R rfM E N T
Cementers and doublers, hand and
machine (including reinforcers,
pasters, and fitters), male:
Illinois............................................
Massachusetts...............................
New York.................................... .
Total................ ..........................
Cementers and doublers, hand and
machine (including reinforcers,
pasters, and fitters), female:
Illinois............................................
Maine........................................... .
Maryland and Virginia................
Massachusetts............................. .
Michigan.......................................
Minnesota.....................................
Missouri........................................
New Hampshire.......................... .
New Jersey....................................
New York.................................... .
Ohio..............................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Wisconsin......................................
Total......................................... .
1 Data included in total.
(0
0)
113
92
54
324
7
11
134
110
22
217
73
112
49
8
8
45.3
46.2
50.6
53.6
48.7
48.0
49.4
49.6
49.9
49.4
44.8
48.8
49.8
49.8
48.9
39
20
37
319
2
6
46
65
82
18
20
101
20
400
78 122
4
6
15
18
43
76
BOOT AND SHOE INDTJSTRY
T a b l e C . —Average
and classified full-time hours per week in 14 specified occupa
tions, 1928, by department, sex, and State—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Num Num Aver
age
ber
ber
full
of
of
time
estab wage hours
lish earn
per
ments ers
week
Number of wage earners whose full-time
hours per week were—
44
45
Over
45,
un
der
48
48
Over
48,
un
der
51
51,
un 54
der
54
F IT T IN G O B S T ITC H IN G DEPARTM EN T—Continued
Lining makers (including lining
closers, and side and top facing
stitchers), female:
Illinois...........................................
Maine........ ....................................
Maryland and Virginia------------Massachusetts........ ..................... .
Michigan...................................... .
Minnesota.—....... ...................... .
Missouri—. .................................. .
New Hampshire.......................... .
New Jersey...... .............................
New York.................................... .
Ohio.............................................. .
Pennsylvania................................
Wisconsin..................................... .
Total-
8
6
5
38
4
4
7
9
4
18
7
8
11
131
57
34
267
7
14
124
74
15
153
59
57
54
129
1,046
T op stitchers (including undertrim
mers and barber trimmers), male:
Illinois............................................
Maryland and Virginia................
Massachusetts...............................
Missouri....................................... .
New Hampshire.......................... .
New Jersey___________________
New York................................. ...
Pennsylvania.............................
Total.
T op stitchers (including undertrim
mers and barber trimmers), female:
Illinois........................... ...............
Maine.........................- ..................
Maryland and Virginia_________
Massachusetts...............................
Michigan.......................................
Minnesota......................................
Missouri.....................................
New Hampshire............................
New Jersey....................................
New York......................................
Ohio...............................................
Pennsylvania.................................
Wisconsin......................................
Total.
Vampers, male:
Illinois--..........................
Maine..............................
Maryland and Virginia _
Massachusetts................
Minnesota.......................
M issouri........................
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey.....................
New Y ork.......................
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin.......................
Total.
* Data included in total.
50.1
53.1
49.2
47.9
49.7
50.3
50.4
49.4
47.1
48.3
49.9
49.8
48.4
56
40
17
258
1
4
18
37
44
20
57
33
509
354
20
83
27
73
48.0
50.4
48.1
52.0
a
45.6
48.0
30
132
47.9
8
6
4
38
4
4
7
8
3
16
7
8
11
134
78
55
325
16
14
193
89
11
237
110
61
76
50.5
53.4
48.5
47.9
49.5
49.4
50.7
49.4
48.3
48.6
49.9
50.0
48.7
124
49.4
2
4
3
22
1
1
4
2
10
2
3
17
5
8
155
0)
0)
8
5
37
15
12
48.0
53.2
50.4
48.0
0)
0)
50.1
44.0
46.8
48.0
49.3
54
270
48.2
32
11
42
314
4
7
42
53
106
11
23
492
13
72 130
17
‘ 149’
0)
0)
18
213
20
Over
64,
un
der
57
77
GENERAL TABLES
T able
G.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14 specified occupa
tions, 1928, by department, sex, and State—Continued
Number of wage earners whose full-time
hours per week were—
Num Num Aver
age
ber
ber
full
of
of
time
Over
Over
Over
estab wage hours
Un
45,
48, 51,
64,
lish earn
der 44 45 un 48
per
un un 54 un
ments ers
week 44
der
der der
der
48
51 54
57
Occupation, sex, and State
F IT T IN G O B S T IT C H IN G D E P A B T M E N T-C ontinued
Vampers, female:
Maine.............................................
Maryland and Virginia. ..............
Massachusetts____________ ____
Michigan____________________ _
Minnesota_______________ _____
Missouri.........................................
New Hampshire............................
New Jersey....................................
New York......................................
Ohio............................................
Pennsylvania__________________
Wisconsin_____________ _____ _
8
5
6
30
4
4
7
9
4
17
7
7
11
96
45
33
172
12
18
141
91
18
189
87
45
75
49.6
52.3
48.7
48.0
49.7
49.7
50.6
49.2
48.1
48.4
49.9
51.0
48.9
T otal..........................................
119
1,022
49.3
I l l i n o i s ____________ _______ __________ _____
49
2
7
16
23
3 i-----5
28
19
23
10
170
2
10
9
4
23 1 84
50
30
i 8
100 i 73
! 87
9 ' 17
33 i 39
468 , 409
19
26
5
ir
3
34
4
15
42
75
LA STIN G D E PA RTM E N T
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine,
male:
Illinois________________________
Maine_________________________
Maryland and Virginia_________
Massachusetts_________________
Michigan_____ _______ _________
Minnesota_____________________
Missouri__________________ ____
New Hampshire_______________
New J e rse y .................................
New York______________ ______
Ohio_____________________ ____
Pennsylvania__________________
Wisconsin_____________________
8
6
7
28
3
4
7
9
4
16
6
11
55
23
28
132
3
5
74
28
19
92
30
17
31
49.6
52.8
49.0
48.2
50.0
50.2
50.2
49.6
46.3
47.5
49.9
51.1
49.4
537
49.0
7
Total__________ ________ _____
116
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine,
female:
Illinois________________________
Maine_________________________
Massachusetts_____ ____ _______
New Hampshire_______________
New York_____________________
1
1
4
2
2
T ota l..........................................
10
Bed-machine operators, male:
Illinois_______________ _________
Maine________ ________________
Maryland and Virginia_________
Massachusetts_________________
Michigan______________________
Minnesota_____________________
Missouri_______________________
New Hampshire_______________
New Jersey____ _______________
New York_____________________
Ohio................................................
Pennsylvania__________________
Wisconsin , ..... ......... ............... .
Total...........................................
i Data included in total.
48427°— 29------ 6
0)
0)
29
16
122
2
15
13
13
22
35
51
1
3
17
1
268
4
3
17
0)
0)
48.0
51.7
50.0
4
26
49.9
4
49.7
52.7
48.6
48.1
49.5
49.7
50.3
49.5
36
268
2
4
32
41
8
11
131
61
49
291
8
9
157
82
16
221
72
35
75
48.2
49.9
50.7
49.7
117
1,207
49.2
7
6
6
29
4
4
7
9
3
16
7
4 5 .5
2
1
16
8
7
"l5‘
12
10
3
1
2
47
12
9 ~<r
3
3
19
30
2
2
7
9
3
4
21
10
173
29
0)
(i)
67
6
12
25
37
121
2
8
34
8
613
1
17
2
20
2
33 28
38"
20
13
17
6
3
2
98
27
26 'Is"
4
75
72
16
3
4
28
411
48
69
3
3
4
11
21
78
BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
T able
C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14
tions, 1928, by department, sex, and State—Continue
occupa-
Number of wage earners whose full-time
hours per week were—
Num Num Aver
age
ber
ber
full
of
of
Over
time
Over
Over
estab wage hours
Un
45,
48, 51,
54,
lish earn
un un 54 un
der
per
44 45 un 48
ments ers
der der
week 44
der
der
48
51 54
57
Occupation, sex. and State
LASTING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Turn lasters, hand (including first
and second lasters), male:
Illinois...........................................
Maryland and Virginia................
Massachusetts..............................
Michigan......................................
New Jersey...................................
New York....................................
Ohio......... .....................................
Pennsylvania...............................
Wisconsin................................... .
Total...........................................
0
31
9
320
0
20
167
37
127
0
706
0
50.5
48.2
0
50.8
46.4
49.6
48.0
0)
47.9
264
0
57
79
127
0
79
148
BOTTOMING DEPARTMENT
Goodyear stitchers, male:
Illinois...........................
Maine........ .................. Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts...............
Michigan.......................
Minnesota.....................
Missouri........................
New Hampshire--------New Jersey...................
New York.....................
Ohio...............................
Pennsylvania................
Wisconsin......................
Total..........................
Edge trimmers, male:
Illinois...........................
Maine............................
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts........... .
Michigan.......................
Minnesota.....................
Missouri........................
New Hampshire...........
New Jersey...................
New Y ork.....................
Ohio...............................
Pennsylvania................
Wisconsin......................
Total..........................
4
4
6
16
4
4
4
5
3
15
6
8
10
89
33
16
23
109
7
5
33
35
7
114
28
22
29
461
48.4
51.3
48.8
48.0
49.7
49.7
51.5
48.5
46.6
48.3
49.9
51.0
49.8
48.9
8
6
7
37
4
4
7
9
4
20
7
8
10
131
64
41
37
191
6
6
73
54
10
147
56
29
40
754
49.6
53.0
48.9
4a 1
49.7
49.8
50.1
49.4
47.9
4a 2
49.9
50.3
49.5
49.1
31
2
4
11
....
15
15
105
1
2
6
26
63
1
3
5
10
264
34
6
4
19
23
22
168
1
3
17
29
78
1
7
11
19
382
11
8
2
6
2
12
9
3
40
28
8
14
143
4
2
1
1
15
3
2
4
4
4
21
11
17 11
11
_27~
15
17
5
1
2
46
10
15 "16’
1
5
50
56
9
3
3
15
262 27 40
2
3
3
5
13
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
Edge setters, male:
Illinois............................
Maine............................
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts...............
Michigan.......................
Minnesota.....................
Missouri........................
New Hampshire...........
New Jersey....................
New Y ork.....................
Ohio...............................
Pennsylvania................
Wisconsin......................
Total..........................
1Data included in total.
8
6
7
38
4
4
7
9
4
20
7
8
11
133
63
44
27
186
4
10
54
44
15
147
69
38
37
738
49.5
53.3
48.8
4a 1
49.5
50.0
50.1
49.5
47.7
48.2
49.9
49.9
49.1
49.1
37
5
7
17
24
18
164
1
4
18
23
78
2
7
16
18
377
13 11
9
"§2”
9
17
3
3
3
26
10
12 ” 9”
5
3
52
69
13
3
3
14
245 29 45
2
3
3
3
11
79
GENERAL TABLES
T able C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week in 14 specified occupa
tions, 1928, by department, sex, and State— Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of wage earners whose full-time
hours per week were—
Num Num Aver
age
ber
ber
fuHof
of
time
Over
Over
Over
estab wage hours
Un
45,
48, 51,
64,
lish earn
per
der
44
45
un
48
un
un
54
un
ments ers
week 44
der
der der
der
48
51 54
57
FINISHING DEPARTMENT—Continued
Treers, hand and machine, male:
Illinois......................................
Maine.
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts................
Michigan........................
Minnesota.......................
Missouri..........................
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey.....................
New York.......................
Ohio................................
Pennsylvania.................
Wisconsin........................
Total .
53
77
40
397
118
* Data included in total.
62
12
5
49.6
0)
50.3
48.0
29
40
39
45
51.4
48.6
48.9
49.9
48.8
0
36
7
4
4
23
21
28
356
1
6
16
15
59
38
562
42
78
(9
12
5
(9
(9
[9.3
108
1
21
23
17
117
12
50.6
51.0
50.3
48.0
<9
(9
48.0
48
Repairers (not cobblers) (including
tip fixers and scourers), female:
Illinois............................................
M aine...........................................
Maryland and Virginia...............
Massachusetts...............................
Michigan.......................................
Minnesota.....................................
Missouri........................................
New Hampshire...........................
New Jersey....................................
New York.....................................
Ohio...............................................
Pennsylvania................................
Wisconsin......................................
Total-
49.2
9
Repairers (not cobblers) (including
tip fixers and scourers), male:
Illinois.......................................... .
Maine. ..........................................
Maryland and Virginia................
Massachusetts............................ .
Michigan..................................... .
New Hampshire...........................
New Jersey...................................
New Y ork.....................................
Ohio...............................................
Pennsylvania................................
Wisconsin......................................
Total..
1,072
12
101
Treers. hand and machine, female:
Illinois..........................................
Maine________________
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts................
Michigan........................
Minnesota.......................
Missouri..........................
New Y o r k ....................
Ohio................................
Wisconsin........................
Total.
90
17
152
45
42
37
50.3
53.2
48.7
48.2
49.8
4a 7
50.3
49.7
47.1
48.1
50.0
49.9
49.9
%
12
47.5
50.0
49.3
48.9
134
48.5
126
61
41
207
2
6
79
66
10
51
50
31
50.4
53.7
48.8
47.9
50.0
49.5
49.3
49.7
51.0
48.5
49.9
48.9
49.0
832
49.4
102
120
24
12
75
37
35
57
27
201
30
51
422
58
65
14
T a b l e D .—
Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Occupation, sex, and State
Number of wage earners whose hours actually worked in one week were—
Average
Num hours
ber of actu
Un [12,
wage
ally
earn worked der un
ers
in one 12 der
16
week
Over
16,
un
der
20
Over
24,
24 un un
der der
32
28
20,
un
der
24
Over
32,
32 un un
der der
40
36
Over
40,
40 un
der
44
44,
un
der
48
Over
48,
48 un
der
51
51,
un
der
54
Over 57,
54, un
54 un der
der
57
Over
60
CUTTING DE PA RTM E N T
Skivers, upper, female:
Illinois............................
Maine.............................
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts________ _
Michigan.......... ............ .
Minnesota...................... .
!
5
!
no
1,777
44.8
7
4
6
52
47.8
51.7
33.1
43.2
0)
48.3
P
0)
i
J
1--------!
3
|
3 :
14
1
1
1
(9
24
(9
0)
34
98
43.9
8
45
18
17
107
6
8
45.5
46.4
44.4
44.6
49.5
47.6
6
3
26
4
4
17 1 17
j
3
1
1
7
j
1
1
H
7
8
1
2
2
3 ;| 27
1
1
2
2
2
j 4
i 16
3
5 1— . !
j
1
4
14
’
i
i
9 :___ !
1
.......j___
1 ------1
----2
1
2
15
14 j___ j 20
1
2
1
2
1
2 ....
28
4
2
1
1
10
23
2
3
3
5
3
6
34 ” 4’ " 9 5 ' 211
12
1
2
19
7
2
1
6
2 1 11
65 j 101
4
1
2
3
~2
16
1 ....
3
23
2
17
12
7
18
16
33
2
2
194
0)
15
4
25
3
1
19
23
95
40
4
44
10 "35"
69
28
24
18
1
13
26 . . . .
16
2
5 ....
23
3
28
41
39
6
6
1
25
3
1
6
1
8
216
439
336
281
98
1
1
1
1
4
.1
1
1
16
0)
4
20
1
*9
4
3
5
(9
0)
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
3
3
2
3
1
4
3 —
3
16 i! 12
31 2
t
3
3 i 12 — 1
11
1 ....
16
9
3
10
57
29
1
1
1
2
(0
23
25
12
5 -----
1
6
2
6
27
14
1
1
56
2
1 |___
2
2
6
11
2
1
6
6
1
2
2
5
1
2
8
1
2
0
2
1i
15
1 -----
2
1
1
INDUSTRY
Total—
*8
4
1
6
5
5
38
1
SHOE
Skivers, upper, male:
Illinois............................ .
Maine............................. .
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts.......... ......
New Hampshire....... ......
New York.......................
Pennsylvania...............
Wisconsin_____________
!
i
1
143
89
69
640
0)
31
62
75
45
267
119
131
104
!
i
i
AND
Total—.............. .........
1
1
1
47.1
50.7 . .. !___
49.0
1 •
i 2 ....
44.0
2 1
0)
48.6
38.7
3
1 ....
44.6
43.7
2
44.4
2
40.6
6 j 14
3
45.6
46.5
BOOT
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand,
male:
Illinois................................................
Maine.................................................
Maryland and Virginia...... ..............
Massachusetts................. ........ ..........
Michigan....... ....................................
Minnesota..........................................
Missouri........ .....................................
New Hampshire................................
New Jersey.........................................
New York........................... ..............
Ohio...................................................
Pennsylvania...................................
Wisconsin............................... ...........
Missouri.............
New Hampshire.
New Jersey........
New York..........
Ohio....................
Pennsylvania__
Wisconsin..........
7
9
3
15
7
8
10
56
47
12
94
42
37
52
44.9
46.3
41.4
44.4
44.9
45.0
44.6
Total.... ...........
110
541
44.9
14
6
4
22
9
5
7
1
14
1
4
10
9
30
56
12
”12"
5
1
10
117
24
8
3
21
22
9
19
132
16
FITTIN G O B STITC H IN G D E PA RTM E N T
(i)
0
6
9
0
0
41.9
44.2
8
5
6
35
3
4
7
9
3
18
7
8
11
124
113
92
54
324
7
11
134
no
22
217
73
112
49
1,318
47.0
47.3
47.9
43.6
45.4
50.2
46.1
44.1
41.0
44.2
43.0
45.2
39.9
44.7
8
6
5
38
4
4
7
131
57
34
267
7
14
124
46.5
46.9
45.5
42.0
44.4
47.3
47.0
0
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
3
3
1
3
13
1
5
1
6
1
6
1
4
1
6
1
2
1
1
4
4
2
2
2
21
3
4
2
1
17
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
3
1
2 J*L
14
2
1
2
6
1
1
15
2
1
1
2
13
1
5
3
2
2
....
....
2
3
6
3
r
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
5 _J3_
....
1
1
1
1
27
1
2
1
2
2
2
4
3
2
16 " 3"
4
4
8
8
2
7
5
61
....
7
2
9
17
10
5
7
31
2
13
15
4
43
4
9
16
159
11
4 "T
1
15 ” 5"
13
2
3
28
....
2
17
1
2
0
0
1
3
1
2
5
13
67
8
2
19
2
3
17
99 137
... . . 1 3
3
3
21
28 41
11
27
29
8
48
52
28
1 37
13
27
6
36
2
18
269 243 304
17
11
6
56
1
1
6
14 66
2
12
4
12
105
1
4
1
a ■"76'
6
42
7
4
11
2
2
2
9
1
10
5
1
94 J L
14
9
4
21
1
2
9
TABLES
1Data included in total.
1
1
3
5
GENERAL
Cementers and doublers, hand and ma
chine (including reinforcers, pasters,
and fitters), male:
Illinois____________________ _______
Massachusetts...__________________
New York............................................
Total..................................................
Cementers and doublers, hand and ma
chine (including reinforcers, pasters,
and fitters), female:
Illinois...... ...........................................
Maine..................................................
Maryland and Virginia___________ _
Massachusetts—___________________
Michigan................................. ...........
Minnesota_______ ______ __________
Missouri..... .................................... .
New Hampshire _____ ____________
New Jersey_________ ______________
New York____________ ____________
Ohio— .................................................
Pennsylvania_____________________
Wisconsin.............................................
Total................................................
Lining makers (including lining closers
and side and top facing stitchers), fe
male:
Illinois____________________________
Maine____________________________
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.....................................
M ichigan......... ............................ ......
Minnesota________________________
Missouri...............................................
1
1
5
1
T able D.—Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State— Contd.
Occupation, sex, and State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Aver
age
Num hours
ber of actu
12,
wage
ally Un un
earn worked
der der
ers
in one 12
16
week
Number of wage earners whose hours actually worked in one week were—
Over 20,
16,
16 un un
der der
20 24
Over
24,
24 un
der
28
28,
un
der
32
Over
32,
32 un
der
36
36,
un
der
40
Over
40,
40 un
der
44
44,
un
der
48
48
Over
48,
un
der
51
51,
un
der
54
Over
54,
54 un
der
57
57,
un
der
60
32
13
132
46.6
43.5
48.3
47.1
0)
0)
39.8
45.4
44.8
134
78
55
325
16
14
193
89
11
47.0
45.0
50.2
41.9
42.5
51.0
46.5
44.3
46.2
0
0
1
2
1
2
1
2
7
10
1
3
1
11
5
9
8
1
1
25
1 2
5
2
1 ___
5
29
2
1
8
2
6
52
2
2
4
..18
5
23
5
8
1
7
5
8
2 ....
22
5
55 17 148
5
1
1
3
2
1
2
4
3
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
4
9
2
3
1
2
3
1
1
10
1
2
1
9
5
1
1
1
2
2
2
0
1
5
1
12
8
1
26
1
2
10
1 "T
2
40
1
11
5
3
27
2
1
16
10
5
17
10
4
66
1
1
14
13
1
2
1
6
4
2
10
2
3
29
1
4
4
3
2
9
2
5
46
1
11 __ 6_
4
4
1
2
1
10
5
3
22
4
15
1
1
5
77
14
9
5
27
14
2
2
14
8
3
73
32
5
2
41
1
1
22
5
0
0
2
2
3
3
4
1
1
0
2
12
12
8
2
6
34 ” io‘ 46
18
4
10
1 21
16
12
1
3
175 161 281
INDUSTRY
13
12
47
4
2
SHOE
44.0
42.1
43.4
40.5
46.0
41.1
44.1
Over
60
AND
74
15
163
59
57
54
1,046
60
BOOT
FITT IN G OR STITCHING D E P A RTM E N T—Continued
Lining makers (including lining closers
and side and top facing stitchers), fe
male—Continued.
9
New Hampshire
4
New Jersey
18
New York
7
Ohio
8
Pennsylvania
11
Wisconsin............................................
129
Total
T op stitchers (including undertrimmers
and barber trimmers), male:
2
Illinois
3
Maryland and Virginia
12
Massachusetts ___________________
2
Missouri
1
New Hampshire
__
1
New Jersey
7
New York
2
Pennsylvania.......................................
Total................................................. - 30
Top stitchers (including undertrimmers
and barber trimmers), female:
TTHnnia
________________________
8
Maine
_
_ ______________
6
4
Maryland and Virginia
38
Massachusetts
_ __________
4
Michigan
__________
4
Minnesota
_ _____ _
7
Missouri
_______
8
New Hampshire
__ ______
3
New Jersey...........................................
00
1
24
12
.....
124
1
2
27
22
5
1
New York___
Ohio................
Pennsylvania-.
Wisconsin.......
Total..
Vami
124
17
5
8
155
46.2
51.7
45.4
46.9
« .5
I,
32
15
10
64
35
90
170
247
202
361
105
19
70
0)
54
37
15
12
270
119
1,022
45.2
15
75
74
12
TABLES
18
141
91
18
189
87
45
75
12
0)
39.2
43.9
47.9
45.9
46.4
46.3
47.2
49.3
43.5
43.3
49.1
46.7
46.1
45.6
44.9
41.8
47.3
43.1
96
45
33
172
Maine...............................
Maryland and Virginia. _
Massachusetts-................
Michigan..........................
Minnesota.......................
Missouri...........................
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey......................
New York........................
Ohio..................................
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin........................
Total. _
43.2
43.2
47.3
40.4
44.3
GENERAL
Maine..............................
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts.................
Minnesota...................... .
Missouri......................... .
New Hampshire.............
New Jersey.................... .
New York...................... .
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin........................
Total.............................
Vamp
237
110
61
76
11
3
12
20
11
59
13
147
190
2
2
5
12
....
13
3
3
14
2
2
5
14
6
2
25
2
2
20
160
291
55
5
13
1
22
5
5
3
1
1
2
2
3
2
3
LASTING DEPARTMENT
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine,
male:
Illinois___________________________
Maine...................................................
Maryland and Virginia...................
Massachusetts....................................
Michigan................... ........................ .
Minnesota.......................................... .
Missouri............................................ .
New Hampshire..................................
New Jersey................. .......................
1Bata included in total.
8
6
7
28
3
4
7
9
4
55
23
28
132
3
5
74
28
19
46.8
41.8
45.6
41.2
46.5
48.0
46.8
43.6
43.8
1
2
1
1
....
3
1
3
1
1
1
....
4
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
12
1
1
4
7
5
3
1
42
1
10
4
8
8
2
22
4
4
2
1
00
00
4
T able D .—Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 1 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State— Contd.
Occupation, sex, and State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Aver
age
Num hours
ber of actu
12,
Un un
wage
ally
der
earn worked
der
12
ers
16
in one
week
CjjG
Number of wage earners whose hours actually worked in one week were—
Over
16,
16 un
der
20
20,
un
der
24
24
Over
24,
un
der
28
28,
un
der
32
Over 36,
32,
32 un un
der der
40
36
Over 44,
40,
40 un un
der der
44 48
48
Over
48,
un
der
51
51,
un
der
54
Over
54,
54 un
der
57
57,
un
der
60
60 Over
60
LASTIN G D EPARTM EN T—Continued
P tv n n s v lv a n ia
Wisconsin
Total.................................................
116
537
43.2
1
0)0) 4
2
3
6
2
4
6
2 ....
1
1
9 ___
17
10
2
22
3
5
6
4
10
1
1
29
1
1
9
2
3
6
4
2
20
88
107
68
79
43
1
1
2
2
4
3
1
6
12
8
1
1
25
44
0 )
3
17
1
10
26
44.3
1
7
6
6
29
4
4
7
9
3
16
7
8
11
131
61
49
291
8
9
157
82
16
221
72
35
75
47.6
45.4
46.7
43.5
49.2
50.3
47.9
43.4
46.0
44.3
39.1
47.3
45.6
117
.1,207
45.0
4
2
2
I
2
1
(9
46.2
42.3
43.6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2 "T
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
8
7
9
3
1
1
3
3
4
6 ....
5
18
i
23
1
1
7
1
1
2
8
2
5
4
2
13
11
5
1
39
1
2
2
1
6
2
1
3
8
11
1
2
1
2
1
3
6
1
6
25
1
29
!
~’ e ’
1
i
18
10 . . . . 14
1
10 3 " 5 3 '
2
9
20
3
1
25
55
15 189
2
4
7
1
2
3
3 "2
1
8
3
(i)
(9
2
6
2
8
16
15
79
2
19
22
17
6
91 ’ "92" 19
1
4
2
4
1 "’ 63“
15
3
8
27
- 1
""5r " i f
54
4
1
7
1
18
5
6
5
13
231
1
INDUSTRY
Total........................... .....................
Bed-machine operators, male:
Illinois
Maine
_
Maryland and Virginia. .
M ftR S ftp .h j i s f t t . frs
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
. . . .
42.0
35.0
45.0
443
SHOE
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine,
female:
Illinois
Maine
M
usetts
New Hampshire
New York
92
30
17
31
AND
Total.................................................
16
7
6
11
BOOT
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine,
male— Continued.
York
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Wisconsin.. .
__
__ _
148
310
2
1
5
53
9
11
6
6 ”T
4
1
11
114
4
4
1
5
19
2
2 ....
3
Turn lasters, hand (including first and
second lasters), male:
Illinois___________________ _____ —.
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.....................................
Michigan............................................
New Jersey.........................................
New York..........................................
Ohio....................................................
Pennsylvania.....................................
Wisconsin...........................................
Total................................................
<*>
9
320
0)
20
167
37
127
0)
31
706
0)
43.1
41.1
0)
40.8
48.4
34.5
49.3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
44.1
45.7
45.2
49.4
42.9
45.8
49.7
48.7
46.0
49.2
43.2
41.3
43.1
46.0
Total............................
461
44.5
Edge trimmers, male:
Illinois--...........- ...........
Maine.............................
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts................
Michigan........................
Minnesota......................
Missouri.........................
New Hampshire............
New Jersey.....................
New York....... ..............
Ohio................................
Pennsylvania.................
Wisconsin— . ................
64
41
37
191
6
6
73
54
10
147
56
29
40
47.0
45.5
48.3
44.1
43.4
49.2
47.4
43.4
46.7
43.6
41.6
46.3
43.4
754
44.7
Total............................
1Data included in total.
131
1
2
3
1
7
....
25
1
2
3
4
9
10
5
~2~
12
32
3
5
8
3
0)
<9
33
16
23
109
7
5
33
35
7
114
28
22
29
10
1
6
5
2
....
2
BO TTO M IN G
Goodyear stitchers, male:
Illinois.-........................
Maine.............................
Maryland and Virginia.
Massachusetts...............
Michigan........................
Minnesota......................
Missouri.........................
New Hampshire............
New Jersey.....................
New York......................
Ohio................................
Pennsylvania.................
Wisconsin.......................
1
10
2
42
38
1
3
6
1
(*)
10
2
4
13
8
....
17
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
17
1
1
1
7
3
2
2
1
1
3
....
2
5
---
6
3
68
204
....
6
6
2
15
14
8
8
44
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
19
6
1
29
20
10
9
....
4
15
6
4
2
27
42
29
6
34
35
12
28
9
2
4
6
1
0)
72
3
2
1
7
19
30
9
4
2
11
1
3
1
56
83
13
1
6
5
33
11
8
7
1
2
8
10
I
1
2
1
•
i
5
3
90
128
2
2
1
1
11
3
2
1
19 '16'
1
4
6
4
21
19
9
8
42
1
3
7
7
3
46
23
12
10
190
5
7
2
33
7
2
9
10
5
1
3
8
2
5
2
4
3
26
1
2
3
12
1
4
1
2
38
1
8
4
3
3
1
6
6
2
2
6
2
....
5
9
2
23
15
3
15
28
49
19
107
1
1
5
1
1
7
4
1
24
8
3
8
3
9
8
13
1
1
28
0)
(0
---
1
2
2
15
1
24
6
17
D E PA RTM E N T
2
1
(9
16
50
3
1
0)
1
142 "4 3 ”
29
1
.....
1
1
4
9
7
50"
10
2
2
1
1
3
4
1
2
3
2
39
3
11
1
3
101
174
30
.....
1
4
1
1
3
1
10
2
1
---
3
T able
D.—Average and classified hours actually worked in one week in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State—Contd.
Occupation,~sex, and State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num
ber of
wage
earn-
Average
hours
actu
12,
ally Un
worked der un
der
in one 12
16
week
00
Number of wage earners whose hours actually worked in one week were—
Over 20,
16, un
16 un der
der 24
20
Over
24,
24 un
der
28
28,
un
der
32
Over
32,
32 un
der
36
Over
40,
40 un
der
44
44,
un
der
48
48
Over
48,
un
der
51
4
8
5
6
9
22
9
2
57
2
2
1
1
70
1
4
25
13
4
10
1
1
6
9
1
1 ~~2
5
3
1
29
10
3
15
19
9
6
39
24
14
9
7
94
212
36,
un
der
40
51,
un
der
54
Over
54,
54 un
der
57
57,
un
der
60
60 Over
60
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
118
44.1
4
53
77
40
397
12
9
101
90
17
152
45
42
37
46.4
48.5
49.9
44.4
47.3
46.8
47.1
46.0
44.3
44.4
44.3
47.1
45.3
2
1,072
45.6
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
---
8
10
1
5
2
1
2
3
2
1
1
5
3
9
18
2
2
4
2
1
4
2
2
1
1
4
1
3
6
....
8
11
7
1
5
4
3
2
1^
1
2
1
2
1
4
4
1
3
2
1
1
2
3
2
8
48
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
42 1 6 “
1
5
15
2
71
1
5
1 "~2
9
3
9
1
4
7
7
5
34
7
6
15
1
13
4
60
2
1
11
1
2
46
5
6
3
17
174
155
1
4
1
6
4
1
....
7
2
35
1
1
15
19
30
76
2
9
7 ’T
1
1
1
1
5
22
6
3
33
5
17
2
2
98
141
39
2
6
2
---
1
3
12
14
4
6
4
2
5
3
3
3
1
17
6
3
11
1
6
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
2
1
1
40
9
9
14
1
3
69
26
4
36
13
24
9
1
1
1
3
192
257
60
9
18
28
10
6
3
145
1
4
4
23
.....
6
2
5
.
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
7
2
INDUSTRY
Total.................................. .
738
1
SHOE
133
46.5
45.7
45.9
44.3
47.9
51.3
45.7
44.2
46.2
42.7
40.4
46.2
40.8
AND
Total.................................. .
Treers, hand and machine, male:
Illinois____________________
Maine.................................... .
Maryland and Virginia....... .
Massachusetts........................
Michigan............................... .
Minnesota............................. .
Missouri................................ .
New Hampshire................... .
New Jersey____ ____ _____
New York.............................
Ohio.......................................
Pennsylvania........................ .
Wisconsin...............................
63
44
27
186
4
10
54
44
15
147
69
38
37
BOOT
Edge setters, male:
Illinois____________________
Maine.................................... .
Maryland and Virginia....... .
Massachusetts.......................
Michigan............................... .
Minnesota............................. .
Missouri................................ .
New Hampshire................... .
New Jersey............................
New York............................. .
Ohio....................................... .
Pennsylvania........................ .
Wisconsin_________________
12
5
(*)
4
29
40
39
45
44.5
0)
50.2
45.3
0
51.4
45.2
45.3
42.0
41.6
1
1
1
1
1
Total..................................................
36
239
44.3
2
1 ___
5
2 ___
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip
fixers and scourers), male:
Illinois.................................................
Maine...................................................
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.....................................
Michigan..............................................
New Hampshire....... ..........................
New Jersey...........................................
New York............................................
Ohio......................................................
Pennsylvania.......................................
Wisconsin.............................................
4
3
3
11
1
2
1
11
3
5
4
7
4
4
23
1
43
12
23
9
48.5
45.0
48.8
47.2
0
49.9
0)
47.6
; 49.5
45.7
46.5
1
Total.
..... .............
62
0
0
0
6
4
1
7
3
3
13
29
2
1
2
9
1
0
1
1
1
1
....
3
2
4
3
4
1
3
2
7
5
13
20
1
~2
13
12
g
2
33
34
37
72
9
4
3
2
6
2
1
1
1
134
47.4
8
6
6
38
2
2
7
9
2
18
7
5
10
126
61
41
207
2
6
79
66
10
102
51
50
31
47.3
47.2
42.0
43.5
48.4
49.5
44.6
45.4
43.7
41.9
42.8
43.7
45.7
1
1
;2
2
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
Total.............. ........ ..........................
120
832
44.4
8
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
10
1
4
6
1
3
5
1
;7
4
(,)9
3
9
3
0
1
3
Q
1
6
6
14
1
1
1
12
7
2
7
7
10
1
1
48
1
1
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip
fixers and scourers), female:
Illinois........ .........................................
Maine____________ ______ _________
Maryland and Virginia.......................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan.............. ...............................
Minnesota............................................
Missouri...............................................
New Hampshire____ ______ ________
New Jersey_______________________
New York.............................................
Ohio......................................................
Pennsylvania.............. .......................
Wisconsin............................................
1 Bata included in total.
1
9
1
2
1
1
(>>
13
1
6
4
3
5
1
2
2
1
1
4
1
1
2
2
x
2
1
1
1
19
30
23
28
12
....
7
5
4
....
11
3
1
31
14
12
2 .....
6
61
71
1 .....
62
12
6
2
5
3
21 ” 5’
16
28
7
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
4
2
1 ....
1
3
3
8
8
1
1
14
8
11
9
6
3
3
1
7
1
3
5
2
6
7
2
4
1
17
11
20
4
2
7
7
13
9
5
6
25
16
23
63
9
120 133
123
3
3
2
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
11
2
32"
15
2
24
16
7
14
192
1
2
3
12
7
9
85
5
TABLES
6
1
3
3
1
2
3
6
6
5
GENERAL
Treers, hand and machine, female:
Illinois..... .............................................
Maine...................................................
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts......................................
Michigan..............................................
Minnesota............................................
Missouri...............................................
New York............................................
Ohio......................................................
Wisconsin.............................................
T able
£•—Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State
Number of wage earners whose actual earnings in one week were—
Num Aver
age
ber of earn
wage ings in
earn
one
ers
week
$6,
:i un- un
i der der
$8
$8, $10, $12,
un un un
der der der
$10 $12 $14
00
5*
Occupation, sex, and State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
$20, $22, $24, $26, j$28, $30, $32, $34, $36, $38, $40, $45, $50, $55,
$14, $16,
un un un un un un un un un un un un-| un- un un un un and
der der der der der der der der der der der der ! der der der der der
$16 $18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $45 $50 $55 $60 over
CUTTING DEPARTMENT
Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hand,
male:
Illinois................................................
Maine.................................................
Maryland and Virginia....................
Massachusetts....................................
Michigan....... ................................... .
Minnesota..........................................
Missouri............................................
New Hampshire................................
New Jersey........................................
New York.......................................
Ohio...................................................
Pennsylvania............................. .......
Wisconsin......... .................................
Total.............................................. .
Skivers, upper, male:
Illinois__________________________
Maine................................................
Maryland and Virginia....................
Massachusetts. . ................................
New Hampshire....... ........................
New York..........................................
Pennsylvania.......... ......................... .
Wisconsin......................................... .
Total.............................................. .
Skivers, upper, female:
Illinois................................................
Maine.................................................
Maryland and Virginia....................
Massachusetts.............. ....................
M ichigan...........................................
Minnesota..........................................
Missouri.............................................
New Hampshire................................
New Jersey.........................................
New York..........................................
Ohio....................................................
6
5
5
38
1
4
3
0
4
18
4
8
9
110
143
89
69
640
0
31
62
75
45
267
119
131
104
1,777
$39.76
33.54
27.95
39.33
0
2S.90
36. 73
31.17
33.03
43.22
35.22
27.22
32.40
36.89
7
4
6
52
14.34
24.01
15.01
29.14
0
38. 71
0
24
8
34
8
6
3
26
4
4
7
9
3
15
7
22.72
23.57
15.89
24.14
14.76
17.06
17.56
19.32
21.43
21.04
18.62
1
2
1
....
5
2
....
2
1
1
1
4
---
1
__
2
1
2
1
1 I| 1
2 iI 4
3 ' 8
i
3
1
1
8
28.1
45
18
17
107
6
8
56
47
12
94
42
1
1
1
1
0)
2
2 22
10
3
1
30
1
3
2
1
2
1
0
1
“Y
....
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
6
I2"
: 1
17 ! 40
2
3
1
7
1
3
4
2
1
4
6
4
9
1
11 ” iT
6 3
2
5
4
15
4
3
10
14
4
8
3
25
2
1
4
3
4
4
15
5
62
2
2
3
g
3
12
8
62
3
4
2
4
6
5
10
7
67
2
1
0
2
16
1
16
9
81
2
5 13 .... 2
2
5 8
7
8 14 6
9
8
9
7
4
9
2
8
1
5
2
2
4
4
3
3
17 12 12 13
8 14 43 27
6 12 20
3
9
4
4
6
7 3
7
6
4
3
6
13
4 11 15 10 4
9 15
3
95 106 121 130 127 112 260 207
1
1
1
1
1
8
2
1
0
0
---
4
3
3
14
1
4
0
7
5
27
7
1
1
15
3
2
3
1
2
3
3
1
6
11
5
9
5
17
5
2
2
3
12
5
1
2
8
1
1
6
2
4
4
8
2
7
2
2
1
13
6
3
1
12
11
12
9
1
8
3
2
9
4
1
3
2
6
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
3
6
2
6'
3
9"
2
1
10
5
2
18 25 22 13 8
5 13 3
1
3
1 ~i
3
5
40 112 116 46 '20’ ‘ "is
0
1
9
1
1
4
22 20 ’ "45
8 4
6
1
2
1
97 58 67
1
1
3
1
4
2
3
1
4
!
4
5
1
2
10
7
1
8
5
6 16
11
9
2
6
35 48
3
7
5
71
3
7
5
9
1
2
!
2
4
2
6
10
1
1
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
12
2
1
3
6
14
5
5’ ~~8
1
1
__
5
1
__
5
2
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
....
2
2
1
9
1
2
1
1
1
Wisconsin_________________________
Total..................................................
8
10
110
37
52
541
20.18
18.45
20.59
1
3
fi
1
2
10
2
11
39
2
3
35
6
8
57
5
10
46
6
8
60
4
5
54
4
9
61
1
3
39
1
2
31
2
37
1
19
9
6
6
1
2
7
3
1
2
FITTING OB STITCHING DEPARTMENT
0)
(1)
6
9
(l)
(i)
$30.58
28.10
0)
1
1
1
1
4
6
3
4
5
1
1
2
1
1
20
17
16
16
10
12
4
3
17
10
7
2
97
11
7
1
9
7
7
2
74
4
4
1
11
1
5
1
51
3
2
4
10
1
1
1
5
3
2
1
4
3
17
11
12
4
10
9
2
4
32 ‘ "§3' 34
2
2
1
2
2
19 20
6
9
12
8
2
1
2
13
23
17
10
7
10
7
8
6
9
6
5
127 133 117
8
1
3
25
10
5
1
16
1
1
2
1
2
12
3
2
9
65
1 3 3 7 25 32 18
5
13.93
?, 3 9
8
9
9 22 15
13.52
4
2
8 10 13
9.53
3
8
3
48 44
2
17.34
6 12 21 26 40
1
1
12.95
3
2
4
2
12.84
1 7 20 12 31
18
2
13
14.14
15
13.73
3
7 2 15 20 20
6
1
2Q.44 . . . .
3
4
"2l" 14 38 "~3'4~ 29
~T
14.96
1 8 12 14
9
14.11
4
6
14
10
13.20 " 2 " 6 9 11 19 20
9
3
3
8 13
7
13.16
14.75 22 47 66 128 174 232 179 136
8
6
5
38
4
4
7
9
4
18
7
8
11
129
131
57
34
267
7
14
124
74
15
153
59
57
54
1,046
7
17.58 . . . . 3 3
1 2
3
16.88
9
2 2 2
12.20
2
5 1 10
19.75
1
14.61
....
14.94
2
8
7
13.94
1 "T
2
2
16.91
2
20.40 ....
"2
5
18.91
2
4
’T
15.91
2
16.04
6
2
19.17
17.53 10 13 28 54
17
11
11 20
4 12
6 10
3
1
91 150
1
2
1
1
113
92
54
324
7
11
134
110
22
217
73
112
49
1,318
17
8
7
24
1
3
36
11
0)
1
1
8
5
6
35
3
4
7
9
3
18
7
8
11
124
18
5
2
12
C9
5
2
3
30
2
3
3
3
20
2
7
14
89
43
1
1
7
1
1
29 I F I T
3
1
2
3
2~ ~ 2 ~ T
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
7
4
10
2
1
1
20
10
17
8
8
....
3
1
5
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
34
2
1
23
12
9
5
3
1
3
4
11
2
1
3
51
1
3
1
2
28
6
2
1
1
TABLES
1
1
3
5
GENERAL
Cementers and doublers, hand and ma
chine (including reinforcers, pasters,
and fitters), male:
Illinois..................................................
Massachusetts......................................
New York......... ..................................
Total..................................................
Cementers and doublers, hand and ma
chine (including reinforcers, pasters,
and fitters), female:
Illinois-........................... ........ ...........
Maine____________________________
Maryland and Virginia.-...................
Massachusetts_____________________
Michigan______________________
Minnesota________________________
Missouri______________________
New Hampshire_____________
New Jersey.—_________ _
New York_____________ _
Ohio.......... .................. .................
Pennsylvania______________ . _
Wisconsin-...........................................
Total..................................................
Lining makers (including lining closers
and side and top facing stitchers),
female:
Illinois____________________ ______ _
Maine__________________________ _
Maryland and Virginia______
Massachusetts_____________________
Michigan__________________ _
Minnesota___________ _
Missouri__________________ .
New Hampshire___ ____ ___________
New Jersey________________ _____ _
New York_____ ____ ______________
Ohio......................................................
Pennsylvania______________ ____ _
Wisconsin.............................................
Total......................................... ........
2
1
4
oo
CD
E.— Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 14 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State— Continued
CD
O
Number of wage earners whose actual earnings in one week were—
Num Num Aver
age
ber of ber of earn
estab
$6, $8, $10, $12, $14, $16, $18, $20, $22, $24, $26, $28, $30, m $34, $36, $3$, $40, $45, $5Q, $55,
in Un $4,
lish earn ings
un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un and
der un
one
der
der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der over
ments ers
week $4 $6 der
$8 $10 $12 $14 $16 $18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $45 $50 $55 $60
Occupation, sex, and State
__________________________________________________________________
l
T able
F ITT IN G O B STITCHING D E P A R T M E N T —Continued
30
Vampers, male:
Illinois...................... ........................ .
Maine...............................- ..............
Maryland and Virginia.— .............. .
20.00
17
5
8
155
12
20
39
34
34.51
1
9
1
1
2 ___
9
5
7
4
9
4
5
10
5
8
13
10
9
14
8
2
50
10
7
2
42
1
3
10
4
3
4
2
3
3
2
4
1
4
3
1
3
23
26
2
15
20
8
6
8
7
5
2
3
1
3
18
9
2
31
12
12
8
17
13
1
24
6
2
9
8
8
4
30
8
3
14
5
4
4
2
1
5
1
1
9
5
2
4
5
4
1
5
1
2
2
6
1
4
4
2
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
169
134
111
64
41
41
18
19
13
10
5
4
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
5
8
6
3
1
“is"
10
4
1
58 119
141
3
5
2
1
17
5
10
21
5
1
22
11
1
15
13
11
9
3
6
3
20
5
16
19
2
2
17
5
1
1
1
1
6
3
1
4
39.05
28.79
1
3
1
1
9
179
4
1
1
2
5
145
1
5
1
1
2
14
16
7
5
6
3
22
26
1
3
2
6
23
31
6
16
1
22 ""42"
20
16
8
7
12
9
2
3
3
1
x
2 3
3 11
18.49
I
3 4
2 4
20.29
4
2
3
13.20
3 4
23.15
7
5 9
1
1
15.80
17.91
16.81
2
8 11 11
1
2
2
19.51
2
23.54
....
21.54 " T " T ' T
i
5 5
17.42
2
21.43
1
” 3"
20.98
2
1
0)
0)
0
1
1
2
2
2
2
134
78
55
325
16
14
193
89
3
1
1
2
4
3
1
2
(I>2
1
1
37.20
2
1
2
1
132
124
0)
1
33.41
37.90
237
110
61
76
1
1
1
2
12
2
17
2"
9
3
21
2
1
2
1
1
1 " T ‘ "I" 2
9 16 32 10
5
10
INDUSTRY
Total-.............. ................................
8
13
11
2
1
2
(0
! r-t C-
Top stitchers (including undertrimmers
and barber trimmers), female:
Illinois..... ......... ..................................
Maine................1................................
Maryland and Virginia.....................
Massachusetts.....................................
Michigan............................................ .
Minnesota......................................... .
Missouri...............................................
New Hampshire................................ .
New Jersey-....................................... .
New York............................................
Ohio.................................................... .
Pennsylvania-.....................................
Wisconsin........................................... .
1
1
1
SHOE
8
1
2
AND
Total.................................................
$42.51
20.64
47.07
20.59
BOOT
Top stitchers (including undertrimmers
and barber trimmers), male:
Illinois..................................................
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.....................................
Missouri.............................................
New Hampshire..................................
New Jersey......................................... .
New York............................................
Pennsylvania..... .................................
1
1
12
1
1
4
2
10
2
3
Total....... ....................
Vampers, female:
Illinois........ .....................
Maine............................. .
Maryland and Virginia..
Massachusetts.................
Michigan........................ .
Minnesota_____________
Missouri.......... ................
New Hampshire_______
New Jersey.................... .
New York....... ................
Ohio................................
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin....... ................
Total...........................
8
5
37
15
12
(i)
(i)
23.43
33.67
32.62
42.47
29.54
54
270
33.73
8
5
6
30
4
4
7
0
4
17
7
7
11
96
45
33
172
12
18
141
91
18
189
87
45
75
23.93
24.46
18.19 ‘ T
27.35
17.43
20.41
18.98
23.14
1
25.65
23.96
1
17.88
20.87
23.50
119
1,022
(i)
0)
22.81
0)
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
3 ‘T
8
3
1 2
1
14 18
1 7
C)
1
1
6
2
2
2
1
4"
1
1
1
2 _~ r
1
2
2
6
2
1
1
20
9
6
5
6
2
4
3
1
1
16~ 14 12 13
1
1
2
” 7" 1 4
11
1
9
3
2
2
2
18 13 ” 7" 4
1
1
2
3 ”T
3
9 10
1
3
1
7
7
11
2
1
1
1
12
6
16
23
17
19
4
1
4
13
3
4
9
1
8
4
3
10
8
5
2"
16
7
2
26
9
5
7
11
9
1
19
1
2
11
10
3
26
1
2
11
7
4
1
13
10
2
18
16
8
5
7
3
5
12
2
4
11
8
2
25
6
8
11
103
104
99
107
4
3
1
9
4
3
2
5
4
2
2
9
1
1
7
3
2
7
2
3
3
2
5
13
3
4
4
11
2
2
12
15
42
62
53
88
1
1
17
4
.....
6
5
2
19
5
1
9
73 82
29
60
1
1
1
1
3
1
7
4
2
2
1
3
1
0)
5
1
3
1
4
3
2
0)
1
8
4
5
13
2
6
11
9
1
10
13
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
(0
2
35
40
1
4
4
1
2
4
1
3
10 17
12
10
5
2
14
2
4
1
1
1
32 15
11
13
3
1
1
4
1
5
5
....
1
....
1
....
1
L A STIN G D E P A R T M E N T
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine,
male:
Illinois___________________________
Maine...................................................
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.....................................
Michigan......... ................................... .
Minnesota.........................................
Missouri...............................................
New Hampshire..................................
New Jersey......................................... .
New York............................................
Ohio.................................................... .
Pennsylvania.......................................
Wisconsin. .......................................
8
6
7
28
3
4
7
9
4
16
7
6
11
Total................................................ .
116
1 Data included in total.
55 $26.78
23 22.21
28 20.99
132 26.62
3
22.79
31.72
5
74 22.33
28 28.87
19 21.87
92 27.01
30 22.41
17 22.38
31
24.39
537
24.92
1
1
1
....
3
2
1
4
2
5
1
1 "T
5
6
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
9
3
1
3
1
4
2
2
6
1
2
2
3
8
8
5
1
1
1
1
6
1
2
2
3
1
1
3
1
1
8
2
3
3
7
2
3
13
6
1
2
10
1
1
1
2
1
17
32
24
36
48
43
7"
3
2
3
14
2
1
7
1
1
7
47
2’
1
41
2
1
4
15
1
1
3
1
2
4
2
4"
40
4
1
3
18
4
3
3
4
1
5
10
6
5
1
3
1
1
3
4
1
1
1 "T
1
5
2
10
1
7
3
5
1
1
1
1
26
19
9
17
10
7
1
3
3
2
6
3
2
3
4
2
6
1
1
2
"2"
3
49
26
28
1
1
5
1
OENERAli TABLES
Minnesota....... ................
Missouri.........................
New Hampshire............
New Jersey.....................
New York......................
Pennsylvania..................
Wisconsin........................
4
T able E.—Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 1 specified occupations, 1928, by department, sex, and State—'Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Number
Aver
Num Num
age
ber of ber of earn
$6, $8, $10, $12, $14,
estab
in Un $4,
un un un un un un
lish earn ings
one der der der der der der der
ments ers
week $4 $6 $8 $10 $12 $14 $16
JP
of wage earners whose actual earnings in one week were—
$16, $18, $20, $22, $24, $26, $28, $30, $32, $34, $36, $38, $40, $45, $50, $55, $60
un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un un and
der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der der over
$18 $20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30 $32 $34 $36 $38 $40 $45 $50 $55 $60
LASTING DEPARTM ENT—Continued
4
3
17
221
72
35
75
117
1
2
9
1
2
9
22.19
x
32.14
26.16
26.07
31.80
34.38
34.12 1
29.35
1
2
28.45
1
34.86
31.59
29.27
20.35
33.12
1,207
30.69
0
0
38.60
34.39
0
24.76
43.49
9
320
0
20
167
4
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1 ~~2
1
1
1
2
3
7
5
3
2
2
2
5
1
4
2
8
3
5
6
4
8
4
17
25
3
6
12-
9
12 22
2
7
6
1
4 ” 24" ” l7’
2
5
9
1
3
6
1
2
18
9
2
13
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
4
2
1
4
4
3
3
10
5
1
23
32
45
56
96
1
8
0)
8
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
8
8
2
2
1
2
1
6
9
3
26
1
3
4
1
2
1
1
1
6
10
1
18
2
1
1
2
0
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
6
95
1
0
0
6
26
13
26
15
2
2
3
2
1
6
2
8
2
5
4
4
3
14
5
4
6
3 15 15
1
1
1
3
9 'l4" 8
1
1
2
1
12 12
5
5
3
1 2
2
9
12 25
2
7 4
4
2
3
2
4
5
88
77
58
88
50
21
8
7
14
0
29
1
22
1
56
4
27
1
19
5
2
5
11
13
23
23
20
16
16
9
3
5
7
1
7
7 4
2
4
4
4
48 34 29 23
1 3
1 1 5
14 15 22
5
7 5
6
7
1
2
26 I s ’ 18 " T
5
5
5 3
1
1 2
9 27
6
97 126
1
1
98 114
8
2
3
23
1
0
10 13
1
5
6
16
1
7
1
1 1
I
i
1
1
7
1
8
4
1
1
2 “ ’2
1
4
INDUSTRY
Turn lasters, hand (including first and
second lasters), male:
Illinois.................................................
Maryland and Virginia..................... .
Massachusetts....................................
Michigan............................................
New Jersey.......... - ............. .............. .
New York..................................... —
131
61
49
291
8
9
157
82
16
1
1
SHOE
Bed machine operators, male:
Illinois--.............................................
Maine..................................................
Maryland and Virginia.....................
Massachusetts....................................
Michigan............................................
Minnesota..........................................
Missouri...............................................
New Hampshire................................ .
New Jersey......................................... .
New York............................................
Ohio.................................................... .
Pennsylvania..................................... .
Wisconsin........................................... .
Total................................................
26
10
0
0)
$34.66
17.60
19.42
AND
Total-..............................................
0)
0
BOOT
Assemblers, for pulling-over machine,
female:
Illinois.................................................
Maine....... ..........................................
Massachusetts....................................
New Hampshire................................
New York....... ...................................
Ohio......................................................
Pennsylvania
.
.
Wisconsin............................................
3
3
1
Total_____________ ______________
31
37
127
0)
23.12
41.01
(0
706
36.67
1
1 1
1
3
2
2
1
1
10
2
2
4
2
9
6
(9
10
7
5
12
0)
1
7
(0
3
0)
8
0)
1
7
0)
6
0)
12 6
0) 0)
16
18
51
38
55
35
17
34
33
28
53
1
2
1
6
1
1 "_5
2
2
6
8
1
2
1
2
18
1
3
1
2
3
5
1
9
1
1
2
3
12
2
10
4
19
4
5
I
2
7
1
9
2
1
4
2
1
2
14
2
1
3
43
39
43
3
17
5
3
3
20
100 59
43
24
38
8
6
5
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
3
15
6
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
60
23
9
9
4
5
6
2
8
4
10
BOTTOMING DEPARTMENT
Goodyear stitchers, male:
Illinois--..............................................
Maine...................................................
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.....................................
Michigan..............................................
Minnesota............... ............................
Missouri...............................................
New Hampshire..................................
New Jersey...........................................
New York............................................
Ohio......................................................
Pennsylvania.......................................
Wisconsin............................................
4
4
6
16
4
4
4
5
3
15
6
8
10
33 $45.06
16 30.70
23 33.97
109 32.70
7 31.78
5 39.77
33 32.40
35 32.71
7 43.37
114 34.52
28 32.83
22 27.10
29 34.75
Total.................................................
89
461
34.10
Edge trimmers, male:
Illinois..................................................
Maine....... ...........................................
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.....................................
Michigan..............................................
Minnesota............................................
Missouri...............................................
New Hampshire..................................
New Jersey...........................................
New York............................................
Ohio......................................................
Pennsylvania.......................................
Wisconsin............................................
8
6
7
37
4
4
7
9
4
20
7
8
10
64
41
37
191
6
6
73
54
10
147
56
29
40
36.02
27.84
27.43
38.60
31.25
31.62
31.14
30.22
34.91
36.31
29.98
31.36
34.00
Total.................................................
131
754
34.15
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
2
3
4
1
4
1
6
1
2
3
/1
3
2
4
1
1
2
2
4
5
6
1
3
12
10
19
14
24
25
30
44
42
48
3
6
1
4
4
4
1
1
4
4
1
6
9
4
3
"
¥
2
g 18
4
6
8
11
1
4
4
12
2
2
2
13
4
4
5
1
1
12
3
7
5
2
2
4
4
2
2
10
3
1
9
7
1
3
2
5
3
3
6
1
1
8
1
1
9
6
1
1
2
1
2
10 " 5" 16
6
2 4
2
3
4
5
3
1
3
5
3
16
2
2
11
28
37
45
47
59
62
2
3
1
1
5
2
1
1
1
2
6
6
2
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 ” 2’
1
1
5
5
2
1
2
4
1
1
2
1
2
2
6
10
8
17
1
1
r
60
2
2
1
4
3
10 19
5
3
1
3 ’if
54
1
2 ” ’3
3
1
1 7 5
2 2
2
1
14 50 12
1
1
"’ I" 1 10 4
4
2 7 3
1
15 15 29 "12’ ”
3
2
6 2
4
3 2
6 4 8
2
2
3
16
1
56
48
122 40
ft
1
►3
02
3
1
4"
21
1 ....
x
1
13
14
1 Data included in total.
CD
00
Table E#—Average and classified actual earnings in one week in 14 specified occupationsf 1928, by department, sex, and State—Continued
Occupation, sex, and State
Num
ber of
estab
lish
ments
Num Aver
age
ber of earn
wage ings in Un $4, $6,
un un
earn
der der der
one
ers
week $4 $6
$8
Number of wage earners whose actual earnings in one week were—
$8, $10, $12,
un un un
der der der
$10 $12 $14
$14,
un
der
$16
$16,
un
der
$18
$18,
un
der
$20
$20,
un
der
$22
$22*
un
der
$24
$24,
un
der
$26
$26,
un
der
$28
4
4
2
2
1
1
7
1
9
5
1
7'
7
2
4
7
5
4
2
17
5
2
1
$28, m $3% $34, $3% $38, $40, $45, $50* $55, $60
un un un un un un un un un un and
der der der der der der der der der der over
$30 $82 $34 $36 $38 $40 $45 $50 $55 $60
FINISHING DEPARTMENT
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
__
3
6
6
6
37
4
3
6
9
4
17
4
8
8
53
77
40
397
12
9
101
90
17
152
45
42
37
1
23.79
25.09
24.11
32.08 _ 2
24.49
25.07
26.17
4
26.04
28.01
30.45
20.74
24.14
27.76
1
2
Maryland and Virginia........
Massachusetts........................
Michigan___ __________ ___ _
Minnesota..............................
Missouri. ................... ...........
New Hampshire.....................
New Jersey.............................
New York...............................
Ohio.................................... ...
Pennsylvania........................Wisconsin...............................
i
x
4
Total...................................
118
1,072
28.43
6
8
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
5
4
3
8
15
1
4"
5
1
10
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
7
7
10
10
12
21
46
45
57
3
6
1
3 ’1 "
1
5
6
1
4
10
3
10
2
13
3
19
2
3
4
1
31
2
1
6
7
1
11
7
6
2
6
11
8
47
2
9
34
2"
8
11
4
26
3
1
1
4"
3
18
1
15
1
2
4
82
128
.....
$
1
1
2
6
3
1
19
31
1
1
~r
2
2
8
i"
4
1
5
3
"I"
1
6
1
2
-
--
1
4
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1 "‘ T
4
7
6
2
6
2
1
5
4
8
3
8
6
1
10
8
6
36
56
78
1 16 4
5
2
1
6
2 "T
11
1
3
1
1
2
9 “ 2"
11 25 1 5" 1 9 " ~20" 26 12 11
1
2
" 2" 2
4
3
5 11
1
5 " ‘ 6' 2
1
2
4
2
4 3 3
5
3
2
2
1 2
2
3 17 5 ’ T
IS ’ 20 1 6 ' I 2' 2
5
4
5
2
7 6
4
1
2
2
1
1
9 1 6" 2
2
1 4 ~8~
6 11
1
__
3
11
1
6
1
1
2
27
12
14
11
8
11
3
5
4
3
1
2
10
56
66
49
44
89
31
1
5
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
7
8
1
1
9
1
2
4
3
29 ’ 43" 31 40 14 18 15
1
1
1
3
1
” 9 15 21
1
1
2
7
2
2 ” 4’ 2
9
9
2
5
1
'" 4“ ‘ T
5 "T
20 13
1
2 3
2
1 5
1
‘ " 2" 1
1
15 "2“ 1
1
93 106 105
79
63
31
47
32
30
20
3
1
2
1
1
28
14
13
16
INDUSTRY
1
33.32
Mftfnft____________
1
2
1
1
SHOE
3
1
738
Treers, hand and machine, male:
Illinois____ ________ _______
2
1
133
Total....................................
1
1
AND
63 $34.62
27.28
44
32.00
27
186 38148
31.25
4
10 31.04
30.64
54
31.03
44
15
37.60
147
33.07
29.20
29.09
37
31.98
BOOT
Edge setters, male:
Illinois..__________________
M aine.................................... .
Maryland and Virginia-------Massachusetts_____________ _
Michigan................................
Minnesota.............................
Missouri.................................
New Hampshire.....................
New Jersey............... ............
New York__ _______ _______
O h io ......................................
Pennsylvania________ _____
Wisconsin_________________
Treers, hand and machine, female:
Illinois..................................................
Maine........ ..........................................
Maryland and Virginia-.....................
Massachusetts-....................................
Michigan..............................................
Minnesota................................... .......
Missouri.............................................
New York— .......................................
Ohio.....................................................
Wisconsin________________________
6
1
3
3
1
2
3
6
6
5
Total______________________ _____
36
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip
fixers and scourers), male:
62
0)
12
5
0)
4
29
40
39
45
18.59
0)
14.79
29.73
0)
17.01
13.99
17.51
17.23
15.44
6
Total............ ....................................
48
134
26.94
Repairers (not cobblers) (including tip
fixers and scourers), female:
Illinois..................................................
Maine................... ........ .......................
Maryland and Virginia.....................
Massachusetts.....................................
. Michigan.............................................
Minnesota...........................................
Missouri. ............................................
New Hampshire..................................
New Jersey..........................................
New Y ork...........................................
Ohio.....................................................
Pennsylvania_____________________
Wisconsin______________ _________
8
6
6
38
2
2
7
0
2
18
7
5
10
126
61
41
207
2
6
79
66
10
102
51
50
31
14.76
16.20
10.61
21.09
11.46
15.10
13.39
18.33
13.44
17.24
14.34
14.94
16.99
Total................................. .............
120
832
16.74
i Data included in total.
1
1
1
17.09
239
3 3
===== ■
- ----- -----
3
5
4
4
3
3
11
1
2
1
3
2
17.28
25.41
26.05
26.97
0)
17.90
0)
31.86
24.94
23.62
28.41
Maine..........................................I___
Maryland and Virginia......................
Massachusetts.... .................................
Michigan.............................................
New Hampshire— .............................
New Jersey..........................................
New York............................................
Ohio.....................................................
Pennsylvania......................................
Wisconsin............................................
2
1
7
4
4
23
0)
6
0)
43
12
23
9
T l l i n n i s ________________ _____ _ _____________
1
5
3
3
I
2
4
4
1
4
2
1
11
=
3
15
“
6
6
5
5
(,V
1
1
8
8
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
31
38
12
32 32 27
= ===== ■■■- '...
======
9
13
9
4
7
5
1
1
9
7
3
12
2
1
1
(,)i
3
3
6
10
1
1
1
2
1
1
__
1
1
9
8
0)
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
3
7
5
1
3
1
2
==
1
1
6
5
1
1 "~3~
0)
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
3 ” 3
3
1
10
2
1
2
6
4
10
14
12
16
3
4
5
5
13
2
4
1
1
14
7
8
2
22
8
4
4
1
2
13
2
29
9
7
7
15
7
4
26
13
4
1
34
9
6
4
2
3
3
33
28
41
3
8
12
2
13
10
11
6
10
8
1
5
3
2
6
1
3
1
9
2
6
3
3
6
7
1
1
16
13
6
5
1
16
4
1
13
10
9
6
9
2
10
4
1
64 96
112
117
87
73
8
3
13
6
__
3 6
3 4
1 6
1 -----
13 >36 56
__
6
4
4
8
4
6
1
1
55
2
1
0)
3
2
64
1
2
1
_
1
2
2
1
1
8
5
11
__
2
2
4
10
9
1
1
1
1 "Y
4 4
1 1
5
2
11
12
2
2
1
12
6
1
1
T
21
11
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
0)
4
1
=
=
1
1
2
2
1
2
A
1
X
3
1
A
4
1 -----
1
__
1
10
9
3
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
3
6
3
== =
=
LIST OF BULLETINS OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
The following is a list of all bulletins of the Bureau of Labor Statistics published since
July, 1912, except that in the case of bulletins giving the results of periodic surveys of the
bureau only the latest bulletins on any one subject is here listed•
A complete list of the reports and bulletins issued prior to July, 1912, as well as the bulletins
published since that date, will be furnished on application. Bulletins marked thus (*)
are out of print.
Conciliation and Arbitration (including strikes and lockouts).
•No. 124. Conciliation and arbitration in the building trades of Greater New York. [1913.]
*No. 133. Report of the industrial council of the British Board of Trade on its inquiry into industrial
agreements. [1913.]
No. 139. Michigan copper district strike. [1914.]
No. 144. Industrial court of the cloak, suit, and skirt industry of New York City. [1914.]
No. 145. Conciliation, arbitration, and sanitation in the dress and waist industry of New York City.
[1914.]
♦No. 191. Collective bargaining in the anthracite coal industry. [1916.]
*No. 198. Collective agreements in the men’s clothing industry. [1916.]
No. 233. Operation of the industrial disputes investigation act of Canada. [1918.]
No. 255. Joint industrial councils in Great Britain. [1919.]
No. 283. History of the Shipbuilding Labor Adjustment Board, 1917 to'1919.
No. 287. National War Labor Board: History of its formation, activities, etc. [1921.J
No. 303. Use of Federal power in settlement of railway labor disputes. [1922.]
No. 341. Trade agreement in the silk-ribbon industry of New York City. [1923.]
No. 402. Collective bargaining by actors. [1926.]
No. 468. Trade agreements, 1927.
No. 481. Joint industrial control in the book and job printing industry. [1928.]
Cooperation.
No. 313. Consumers’ cooperative societies in the United States in 1920.
No. 314. Cooperative credit societies in America and in foreign countries. [1922.]
No. 437. Cooperative movement in the United States in 1925 (other than agricultural).
Employment and Unemployment.
♦No. 109. Statistics of unemployment and the work of employment offices in the United States. [1913.]
No. 172. Unemployment in New York City, N. Y. [1915.]
*No. 183. Regularity of employment in the women’s ready-to-wear garment industries. [19154
•’'No. 195. Unemployment in the United States. [1916.]
No. 196. Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference held at Minneapolis, Minn., Jan
uary 19 and 20,1916.
*No. 202. Proceedings of the conference of Employment Managers’ Association of Boston, Mass.,
held May 10,1916.
No. 206. The British system of labor exchanges. [1916.]
No. 227. Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference, Philadelphia, Pa., April 2 and 3,
1917.
No. 235. Employment system of the Lake Carriers’ Association. [1918.]
♦No. 241. Public employment offices in the United States. [1918.]
No. 247. Proceedings of Employment Managers’ Conference, Rochester, N. Y ., May 9-11,1918.
No. 310. Industrial unemployment: A statistical study of its extent and causes. [1922.]
No. 409. Unemployment in Columbus, Ohio, 1921 to 1925.
Foreign Labor Laws.
♦No. 142. Administration of labor laws and factory inspection in certain European countries. 11914.]
No. 494. Labor legislation of Uruguay.
Housing.
♦No. 158.
No. 263.
No. 295.
No. 469.
Government aid to home owning and housing of working people in foreign countries. [1914.]
Housing of employers in the United States. [1920.]
Building operations in representative cities in 1920.
Building permits in the principal cities of the United States in [1921 to] 1927.
(i)
Industrial Accidents and Hygiene.
♦No. 104. Lead poisoning in potteries, tile works, and porcelain enameled sanitary ware factories.
11912.]
No. 120. Hygiene of the painter’s trade. [1913.]
♦No. 127. Dangers to workers from dusts and fumes, and methods of protection. [1913.]
♦No. 141. Lead poisoning in the smelting and refining of lead. [1914.]
♦No. 157. Industrial accident statistics. [1915.]
♦No. 165. Lead poisoning in the manufacture of storage batteries. [1914.]
♦No. 179. Irdustrial poisons used in the rubber industry. [1915.]
No. 188. Report of British departmental committee on the danger in the use of lead in the painting
of buildings. [1916.]
♦No. 201. Report of committee on statistics and compensation insurance cost of the International
Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions. [1916.]
♦No. 207. Causes of death, by occupation. [1917.]
♦No. 209. Hygiene of the printing trades. [1917.]
♦No. 219. Industrial poisons used or produced in the manufacture of explosives. [1917.]
No. 221. Hours, fatigue, and health in British munition factories. [1917.]
No. 230. Industrial efficiency and fatigue in British munition factories. [1917.]
♦No. 231. Mortality from respiratory diseases in dusty trades (inorganic dusts). [1918.]
♦No. 234. Safety movement in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1917.
No. 236. Effects of the air hammer on the hands of stonecutters. [1918.]
No. 249. Industrial health and efficiency. Final report of British Health of Munition Workers’ Com
mittee. [1919.]
♦No. 251. Preventable death in the cotton-manufacturing industry. [1919.]
No. 256. Accidents and accident prevention in machine building. [1919.]
No. 267. Anthrax as an occupational disease. [1920.]
No. 276. Standardization of industrial accident statistics. [1920.]
No. 280. Industrial poisoning in making coal-tar dyes and dye intermediates. [1921.]
No. 291. Carbon-monoxide poisoning. [1921.]
No. 293. The problem of dust phthisis in the granite-stone industry. [1922.]
No. 298. Causes and prevention of accidents in the iron and steel industry, 1910-1919.
No. 306. Occupational hazards and diagnostic signs: A guide to impairments to be looked for in haz
ardous occupations. [1922.]
No. 392. Survey of hygienic conditions in the printing trades. [1925.]
No. 405. Phosphorus necrosis in the manufacture of fireworks and in the preparation of phosphorus.
[1926.]
No. 426. Deaths from lead poisoning. [1927.]
No. 427. Health survey of the printing trades, 1922 to 1925.
No. 428. Proceedings of the Industrial Accident Prevention Conference, held at Washington, D . C.,
July 14-16, 1926.
No. 460. A new test for industrial lead poisoning. [1928.]
No. 466. Settlement for accidents to American seamen. [1928.]
No. 488. Deaths from lead poisoning, 1925-1927.
No. 490. Statistics of industrial accidents in the United States to the end of 1927. [In press.]
Industrial Relations and Labor Conditions.
No. 237. Industrial unrest in Great Britain. [1917.]
No. 340. Chinese migrations, with special reference to labor conditions. [1923.]
No. 349. Industrial relations in the West Coast lumber industry. [1923.]
No. 361. Labor relations in the Fairmont (W . Ya.) bituminous-coal field. [1924.]
No. 380. Postwar labor conditions in Germany. [1925.]
No. 383. Works council movement in Germany. [1925.]
No. 384. Labor conditions in the shoe industry in Massachusetts, 1920-1924.
No. 399. Labor relations in the lace and lace-curtain industries in the United States. [1925.]
Labor Laws of the United States (including decisions of courts relating to labor).
No. 211. Labor laws and their administration in the Pacific States. [1917.]
No. 229. Wage-payment legislation in the United States. [1917.]
No. 285. Minimum-wage laws of the United States: Construction and operation. [1921.]
No. 321. Labor laws that have been declared unconstitutional. [1922.]
No. 322. Kansas Court of Industrial Relations. [1923.]
No. 343. Laws providing for bureaus of labor statistics, etc. [1923.]
No. 370. Labor laws of the United States, with decisions of courts relating thereto. [1925.]
No. 408. Laws relating to payment of wages. [1926.]
No. 444. Decisions of courts and opinions affecting labor, 1926.
No. 486. Labor legislation of 1928.
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Proceedings of Annual Conventions of the Association of Governmental Labor Officials of the United
States and Canada. (Name changed in 1928 to Association of Governmental Officials in Industry o f
the United States and Canada.)
*No. 266. Seventh, Seattle, Wash., July 12-15, 1920.
No. 307. Eighth, New Orleans, La., M ay 2-6,1921.
No. 323. Ninth, Harrisburg, Pa., M ay 22-26, 1922.
No. 352. Tenth, Richmond, Va., M ay 1-4, 1923.
♦No. 389. Eleventh, Chicago, 111., M ay 19-23, 1924.
♦No. 411. Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 13-15, 1925.
No. 429. Thirteenth, Columbus, Ohio, June 7-10, 1926.
No. 455. Fourteenth, Paterson, N. J., M ay Cl to June 3, 1927.
No. 480. Fifteenth, New Orleans, La., M ay 15-24, 1928.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the Internationa! Association of Industrial Accident Boards and
Commissions.
No. 210. Third, Columbus, Ohio, April 25-28, 1916.
No. 238. Fourth, Boston, Mass., August 21-25,1917.
No. 264. Fifth, Madison, Wis., September 24r-27,1918.
♦No. 273. Sixth, Toronto, Canada, September 23-26, 1919.
No. 281. Seventh, San Francisco, Calif., September 20-24,1920.
No. 304. Eighth, Chicago, HI., September 19-23, 1921.
No. 333. Ninth, Baltimore, M d., October 9-13, 1922.
No. 359. Tenth, St. Paul, Minn., September 24-26,1923.
No. 385. Eleventh, Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 26-28,1924.
No. 395. Index to proceedings, 1914rl924.
No. 406. Twelfth, Salt Lake City, Utah, August 17-20, 1925.
No. 432. Thirteenth, Hartford, Conn., September 14-17, 1926.
No. 456. Fourteenth, Atlanta, Ga., September 27-29, 1927.
No. 485. Fifteenth, Paterson, N. J., September 11-14, 1928.
Proceedings of Annual Meetings of the Internationa! Association of Public Employment Services.
No. 192. First, Chicago, December 19 and 20, 1913; second, Indianapolis, September 24 and 25,1914;
third, Detroit, July 1 and 2,1915.
No. 220. Fourth, Buffalo, N. Y., July 20 and 21,1916.
No. 311. Ninth, Buffalo, N. Y ., September 7-9,1921.
No. 337. Tenth, Washington, D. C., September 11-13, 1922.
No. 355. Eleventh, Toronto, Canada, September 4-7, 1923.
No. 400. Twelrh, Chicago, HI., May 19-23, 1924.
No. 414. Thirteenth, Rochester, N. Y ., September 15-17, 1925.
No. 478. Fifteenth, Detroit, Mich., October 25-28, 1927.
Productivity of Labor.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes. 1923.
No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry;
[1926.3
No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 441. Productivity of labor in the glass industry. [1927.]
No. 474. Productivity of labor in merchant blast furnaces. [1928.]
No. 475. Productivity of labor in newspaper printing. [1928.]
Betail Prices and Cost of Living.
♦No. 121. Sugar prices, from refiner to consumer. [1913.]
♦No. 130. Wheat and flour prices, from farmer to consumer. [1913.]
No. 164. Butter prices, from producer to consumer. [1914.]
No. 170. Foreign food prices as affected by the war. [1915.]
No. 357. Cost of living in the United States. [1924.]
No. 369. The use of cost-of-living figures in wage adjustments. [1925.]
No. 495. Retail prices, 1890 to 1928.
Safety Codes.
♦No. 331. Code of lighting: Factories, mills, and other work places.
No. 336. Safety code for the protection of industrial workers in foundries.
No. 350. Specifications of laboratory tests for approval of electric headlighting devices for motor vehicles.
No. 351. Safety code for the construction, care, and use of ladders.
No. 375. Safety code for laundry machinery and operations.
No. 378. Safety code for woodworking plants.
No. 382. Code for lighting school buildings.
No. 410. Safety code for paper and pulp mills.
No. 430. Safety code for power presses and foot and hand presses.
No. 433. Safety codes for the prevention of dust explosions.
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Safely Codes—Continued.
No. 436. Safety code for the use, care, and protection of abrasive wheels.
No. 447. Safety code for rubber mills and calenders.
No. 451. Safety code for forging and hot metal stamping.
No. 463. Safety code for mechanical power-transmission apparatus—first revision.
Vocational and Workers* Education.**
♦No. 159. Short-unit courses for wage earners, and a factory school experiment. [1915.]
♦No. 162. Vocational education survey of Richmond, Va. [1915.]
No. 199. Vocational education survey of Minneapolis, Minn. [1917.]
No. 271. Adult working-class education in Great Britain and the United States. [1920.]
No. 459. Apprenticeship in building construction. [1928.]
Wages and Hours of Labor.
♦No. 146. Wages and regularity of employment and standardization of piece rates in the dress and waist
industry of New York City. [1914.]
♦No. 147. Wages and regularity of employment in the cloak, suit, and skirt industry. [1914.]
No. 161. Wages and hours of labor in the clothing and cigar industries, 1911 to 1913.
No. 163. Wages and hours of labor in the building and repairing of steam railroad cars, 1907 to 1913.
No. 190. Wages and hours of labor in the cotton, woolen, and silk industries, 1907 to 1914.
No. 204. Street-railway employment in the United States. [1917.]
No. 225. Wages and,hours of labor in the lumber, millwork, and furniture industries, 1915.
No. 265. Industrial survey in selected industries in the United States, 1919.
No. 297. Wages Efend hours of labor in the petroleum industry, 1920.
No. 356. Productivity costs in the common-brick industry. [1924.]
No. 358. Wages and hours of labor in the automobile-tire industry, 1923.
No. 360. Time and labor costs in manufacturing 100 pairs of shoes, 1923.
No. 365. Wages and hours of labor in the paper and pulp industry, 1923.
No. 394. Wages and hours of labor in metalliferous mines, 1924.
No. 407. Labor cost of production and wages and hours of labor in the paper box-board industry. [1925.]
No. 412. Wages, hours, and productivity in the pottery industry, 1925.
No. 416. Hours and earnings in anthracite and bituminous coal mining, 1922 and 1924.
No. 435. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and the men’s clothing industry, 1911 to 1926.
No. 438. Wages and hours of labor in the motor-vehicle industry, 1925.
No. 442. Wages and hours of labor in the iron and steel industry, 1907 to 1926.
No. 452. Wages and hours of labor in the hosiery and underwear industries, 1907 to 1926.
No. 454. Hours and earnings in bituminous-coal mining, 1922,1924, and 1926.
No. 471. Wages and hours of labor in foundries and machine shops, 1927.
No. 472. Wages and hours of labor in the slaughtering and meat packing industry, 1927.
No. 476. Union scales of wages and hours of labor, 1927. [Supplement to Bui. No. 457.]
No. 482. Union scales of wages and hours of labor, May 15, 1928.
No. 484. Wages and hours of labor of common street laborers, 1928.
No. 487. Wages and hours of labor in woolen and worsted goods manufacturing, 1910to 1928.
No. 492. Wages and hours of labor in eotton-goods manufacturing, 1910 to 1928.
No. 497. Wages and hours of labor in the lumber industry in the United States, 1928.
Welfare Work.
*No. 123. Employers’ welfare work. [1913.]
No. 222. Welfare work in British munitions factories. [1917.]
♦No. 250. Welfare work for employees in industrial establishments in the United States. [1919.]
No. 458. Health and recreation activities in industrial establishments, 1926.
Wholesale Prices.
No. 284. Index numbers of wholesale prices in the United States and foreign countries. [1921.]
No. 453. Revised index numbers of wholesale prices, 1923 to July, 1927.
No. 473. Wholesale prices, 1890 to 1927.
No. 493. Wholesale prices, 1913 to 1928.
Women and Children in Industry.
No. 116. Hours, earnings, and duration of employment of wage-earning women in selected industries
in the District of Columbia. [1913.]
♦No. 117. Prohibition of night work of young persons. [1913.]
No. 118. Ten-hour maximum working-day for women and young persons. [1913.]
No. 119. Working hours of women in the pea canneries of Wisconsin. [1913.]
♦No. 122. Employment of women in power laundries in Milwaukee. [1913.]
No. 160. Hours, earnings, and conditions of labor of women in Indiana mercantile establishments and
garment factories. [1914.]
♦No. 167. Minimum-wage legislation in the United States and foreign countries. [1915.]
♦No. 175. Summary of the report on conditions of women and child wage earners in the United States.
[1915.]
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Women and Children in Industry—Continued.
•No. 176. Effect of minimum-wage determination in Oregon. fl915.]
*No. 180. The boot and shoe industry in Massachusetts as a vocation for women. [1915.]
♦No. 82. Unemployment among women in department and other retail stores of Boston, Mass. [1916. ]
•No. 193. Dressmaking as a trade for women in Massachusetts. [1916.]
•No. 215. Industrial experience of trade-school girls in Massachusetts, [1917.]
•No. 217. Effect of workmen’s compensation laws in diminishing the necessity of industrial employ
ment of women and children. [1918.]
No. 223. Employment of women and juveniles in Great Britain during the war. [1917.]
No. 253. Wamen in the lead industries. [1919.]
Workmen's Insurance and Compensation (including laws relating thereto).
•No. 101. Care of tuberculous wage earners in Germany. [1912.]
•No. 102. British national insurance act, 1911.
No. 103. Sickness and accident insurance law in Switzerland. [1912.J
No. 107. Law relating to insurance of salaried employees in Germany. [1913.]
•No. 155. Compensation for accidents to employees of the United States. [1914.]
No. 212. Proceedings of the conferencc on social insurance called by the International Association of
Industrial Accident Boards and Commissioners, Washington, D. C., December 5-9, 1916.
•No. 243. Workmen’s compensation legislation in the United States and foreign countries, 1917 and 1918.
No. 301. Comparison of workmen’s compensation insurance and administration. [1922.]
No. 312. National health insurance in Great Britiain, 1911 to 1921.
No. 379. Comparison of workmen’s compensation laws of the United States as of January 1, 1925.
No. 477. Public-service retirement systems, United States and Europe. [1928.]
No. 496. Workmen’s condensation legislation of the United States and Canada as of January, 1929.
With text of legislation enacted in 1927 and 1928.
Miscellaneous Series.
•No. 174. Subject index of the publications of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics up to May
1,1915.
No. 208. Profit sharing in the United States. [1910.]
No. 242. Food situation in central Europe, 1917.
No. 254. International labor legislation and the society of nations. [1919.]
No. 268. Historical survey of international action affecting labor. [1920.]
\To. 282. Mutual relief associations among Government employees in Washington, D. C. [1921.]
No. 299. Personnel research agencies: A guide to organize research in employment, management, indus
trial relations, training, and working conditions. [1921.]
No. 319. The Bureau of Labor Statistics: Its history, activities, and organization. [1922.]
No. 326. Methods of procuring and computing statistical information of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
[1923.]
No. 342. International Seamen’s Union of America: A study of its history and problems. [1923.]
No. 340. Humanity in government. [1923.1
No. 372. Convict labor in 1923.
No. 386. Cost of American almshouses. [1925.]
No. 398. Growth of legal-aid work in the United States. [1926.]
No. 401. Family allowances in foreign countries. [1926.]
No. 420. Handbook of American trade-unions. [1926.]
No. 439. Handbook of labor statistics, 1924 to 1926.
No. 461. Labor organizations iri Chile. [1928.]
No. 462. Park recreation areas in the United States. [1028.]
No. 465. Beneficial activities of American trade-unions. [1928.]
No. 479. Activities and functions of a State department of labor. [192S.]
No. 483. Conditions in the shoe industry in Haverhill, Mass., 1928.
No. 489. Care of aged persons in United States. [1929.1
No. 491. Handbook of labor statistics, 1929 edition.
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@FedFRASER