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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES\ /WHOLE 1QC BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ # * * \NUMBER iZJj EM PLOYM ENT AND UNEM PLOYM ENT S E R IE S : U N E M PLO Y M E N T TH E U N IT E D / v N o. IN STATES \ JULY, 1916 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 2 ADDITIONAL COPIES OP THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED PROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OP DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PER COPY CONTENTS. Page. Introduction................................................................................................. 5,6 Unemployment in 16 cities in the East and Middle West................................ 6-92 Occupations of unemployed.................................................................... 9-43 Unemployment rates in selected*cities and occupations........................... 44-46 Extent of unemployment in principal occupations................................... 47-56 Duration of unemployment.....................................................................57-65 Causes of unemployment........................................................................ 65-92 Unemployment in 12 cities in Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States........ 93-97 Occupations of unemployed....................................................................94,95 Duration of unemployment.....................................................................95,96 Causes of unemployment........................................................................ 96,97 Unemployment in New York City............................................................... 98-115 Second survey by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, September, 1915......... 98-107 Duration of unemployment.............................................................99,100 Occupations of unemployed...........................................................101-103 Unemployment rates in selected occupations................................. 103,104 Causes of unemployment...............................................................105-107 Second survey by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., September, 1915. 107-115 Duration of unemployment.............................................................. 109 Occupations of unemployed.......................................................... 109-112 Causes of unemployment...............................................................113-115 3 BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. WHOLE NO. 195. WASHINGTON. JULY.MM. UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. INTRODUCTION. During the winter of 1914-15 there was much discussion of the amount of unemployment that existed throughout the country. It was commonly believed that the amount was abnormal and many conflicting statements were published from time to time, as to the numbers involved. No definite conclusion could be drawn, however, as there were not in existence at that time any reliable statistics of unemployment in the United States to be used as a basis of com parison. The conditions of unemployment were reported to be most acute in New York City. It was recognized that more accurate information must be obtained before the solution of the problem could be found. In order to meet the demand for information on the subject and to secure data that would furnish a reliable basis for com parison in future years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics during January and February, 1915, undertook a survey for the purpose of determin ing the amount of unemployment in that city. A census was taken of all families residing in 104 city blocks, representing the various industries and nationalities of the city, and in 3,703 individual tene ment houses and residences, widely distributed. The extent of unem ployment in the whole city was then estimated on the basis of the percentage of unemployed found in the families canvassed. At about the same time the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. of New York made a similar investigation by taking a census of the families in New York City holding industrial insurance policies in that company, and ascertaining the number of unemployed in those families. The investigation was made by the regular agents of the company, who were furnished with inquiry blanks and who secured the facts as to unemployment from each family visited. The agents as a rule were experienced men and as they were in most cases acquainted with the families canvassed, they were able to get very accurate information. The only question that can be raised as to the reliability of the returns is whether the families visited, those holding policies in the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., were fairly represen tative of the population of New York City generally. The fact that the results obtained tallied very closely with the results of the inves tigation made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the method 5 6 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. described above supported the conclusion that the figures were representative and accurate. The results of both these studies were published in Bulletin 172 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In view of the fact that the figures secured by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. practically agreed with the bureau’s study, that company was employed to make further studies in other cities. The second of the series of investigations included 16 cities in the East and Middle West. The canvass was made during March and the first part of April, 1915. The third of the series covered 12 cities in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States, and the canvass was made during June and July, 1915. The fourth of the series undertaken was a second survey of New York City in August and September, 1915. This was made by both the Bureau of Labor Sta tistics and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., the same plan and methods being followed as in the earlier investigations described in Bulletin No. 172 of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The facts se cured by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., on which each of its reports is based, were obtained in the same manner as those included in the first report of that company for New York City. The returns thus secured in all these investigations were tabulated in the Sta tistical Bureau of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. and are here presented. UNEMPLOYMENT IN 16 CITIES IN THE EAST AND MIDDLE WEST. The following table shows the summary of the investigation made in 16 cities in the East and Middle West: T a b le l.-SU M M A R Y OF UNEMPLOYMENT SURVEY IN 1# CITIES. City. Boston, Mass........ Bridgeport, Conn.. Cleveland, Ohio... Duluth, Minn....... Kansas City, Mo.. LouisviUe/Ky___ Milwaukee. Wis... Minneapolis, Minn Philadelphia, Pa.. Pittsburgh, Pa___ St. Louis, Mo....... St. Paul, M inn.... Springfield, M o.... Toledo, O h io ...... Wilkes-Barre, Pa.. Total........... Part-time Per Unemployed. workers. cent Number of Number Number fami of of of families lies persons wage can with earners in in vassed. un- families. Per Per em families. Number. cent. Number. cent. ployment. 207,956 32,144 414,675 67,787 6,596 53,437 7,238 36,346 8,571 346,787 155,763 258,669 10,782 6,199 28,045 53,900 77,419 12,533 157,616 24,934 2,089 22,512 3,036 13,112 3,449 137,244 53,336 104,499 4,135 2,284 10,312 18,884 7,863 537 20,952 2,348 425 2,815 399 1,030 495 14,147 5,942 14,219 582 162 1,102 401,548 15.0 1,694,895 647,394 46,649 8,144 96,579 16,851 1,383 14,890 1,667 8,813 2,206 79,058 36,544 65,979 2,515 1,584 7,233 11,453 14.1 6.1 17.5 11.6 24.7 15.6 19.7 9.9 17.5 14.2 13.6 17.2 17.9 8.4 12.8 8.6 10.2 4.3 13.3 9.4 20.3 12.5 13.1 7.9 14.4 10.3 13.6 14.1 7.1 10.7 6.4 13,426 2,493 16,575 3,060 371 1,979 842 3,788 183 26,907 15,474 14,317 142 32 1,801 6,104 17.3 19.9 10.5 12.3 17.8 8.8 27.7 28.9 5.3 19.6 29.0 13.7 3.4 1.4 17.5 32.3 74,218 11.5 107,494 16.6 1,200 11.1 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. 7 This table shows that in the 401,548 families canvassed in the 16 cities visited, with a total of 1,694,895 members there were 647,394 wage earners, of Whom 74,218, or 11.5 per cent, were outNof work. Of the total number of families canvassed 15 per cent had one or more wage earners out of work. These figures, however, do not fully measure the distress resulting from unemployment, because in addition to the number wholly unemployed an even larger number, 107,494, or 16.6 per cent of all wage earners, worked only part time. These part-time workers included all those who had jobs but who for various reasons were idle one or more days per week or whose work was otherwise broken or irregular. The highest percentage of unemployment in these 16 cities was found in Duluth, Minn., where 20.3 per cent-of all wage earners were reported without work of any kind, and 17.8 per cent were working part time. The lowest percentage of unemployment was found in Bridgeport, Conn., where only 4.3 per cent were unemployed, although 19.9 per cent were reported as working only part time. The other cities showing a high percentage out of work were: St. Paul, 14.1 per cent; Minneapolis, 14.4 per cent; St. Louis, 13.6 per cent; Chicago, 13.3 per cent; Louisville, 13.1 per cent; and Kansas City, 12.5 per cent. Each of the other cities show a percentage of unemployed less than the average for all the cities combined. In studying the figures in the last two columns relating to parttime workers it will be noted that for several of the cities the numbers and percentages are laige. In this connection attention is directed to the fact that the numbers given for part-time workers include all persons who worked any period less than full time. In many instances the time worked was nearly full time, while in other cases only a few hours per day or one or more days per week were worked. There fore, while the numbers are large, they may not represent more than a small amount of unemployment. It will be noted that the percentages of wholly unemployed in the various cities and the percentages of part-time workers as well vary widely. Some cities having a low percentage of wholly unemployed show a large percentage of part-time workers, while others show a high percentage of wholly unemployed and a low percentage of parttime workers. These variations from city to city in percentages of the unemployed and of the partly employed are undoubtedly due to the nature of the leading industries in the various cities. In some industries it is the practice in slack times to put all employees on part time instead of discharging a part of the help. On the assumption that hard times prevail in general, we would expect a city with a low unemployment rate to have a high part-time rate and vice versa, depending on the 8 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. nature of the leading industries of that particular city and the con ditions prevailing in those industries. While we can not account fully for a low or a high percentage of unemployment in all of these cities, a ready explanation presents itself for some of them. For instance, the very low percentage of unemployed reported for Bridgeport, Conn., is accounted for by the very large increase in the working force of the various establishments manufacturing munitions of war. In that city, however, the per centage of part-time workers, 19.9 per cent, is rather high. The low percentage of unemployed in Wilkes-Barre is undoubtedly accounted for by the fact that Wilkes-Barre is in a mining region and that the workers were employed in larger part in the coal mines, which were operating much as usual, or in industries dependent upon coal min ing. The large percentage of part-time workers is accounted for by the nature of the coal mining industry, as it is well known that a large percentage of miners under normal conditions can not or at least do not work full time. In making this canvass covering so many cities it might be expected that with a large number of agents engaged upon the work there would be a variation in results, due to possible differences in inter pretation of what constitutes unemployment or to incompleteness of schedules secured; on the contrary, the completeness and accuracy of the information secured is indicated by the small percentage of schedules that had to be rejected on account of inaccuracies or deficiencies, as shown by the following table: TABLK 2.—FAMILIES SCHEDULED AND NUMBER AND PER CENT OP SCHEDULES REJECTED, BY CITIES. City. Boston....... Bridgeport.. Chicago....... Cleveland... Duluth....... Kansas City. Milwaukee.. Minneapolis. Schedules rejected. Families sched uled. Number. Percent. 48,023 8,299 98,644 17,146 1,406 15,260 9,193 2,237 1,374 155 2,065 295 23 370 380 31 2.9 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.6 2.4 4.1 1.4 City. Philadelphia, Pittsburgh.. St. Louis___ St. Paul___ Toledo........ Total.. Schedules rejected. Families sched uled. Number. Per cent. 81,798 37,054 67,212 2,587 7,380 2,740 510 1,233 72 147 3.3 1.4 L8 2.8 2.0 9,395 2.4 In five of the cities the number of persons in the families can vassed was very large; thus, in Boston there were 207,956 persons canvassed, in Chicago 414,675, in Philadelphia 346,787, in Pitts burgh, 155,763, and in St. Louis 258,669. We may, therefore, assume with confidence that the unemployment rates obtained are representative and can safely be used to estimate the total ex tent of unemployment in the cities mentioned. 9 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. The following is an estimate of the number of unemployed in. those cities, by sex, based upon the number of wage earners given in the 1910 census, allowance being made by the census method for increase in population. It will be noticed that in every case the unemployment rate for males is greater than that for females. T a b le 3 . —ESTIMATED NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS AND NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED IN FIVE CITIES. Males. City. Esti mated number of wage earners. Boston........................ Chicago....................... Philadelphia............... Pittsburgh.................. St. Louis..................... 244,708 849,262 555,275 194,936 263,944 Females. Esti Esti Esti Esti mated Per mated Per mated number cent mated number cent unof wage em- number of wage un- number earners ploy- of wage earners em- of wage unem earners. unem ploy- earners. ployed. ed. ployed. ed27,910 121,607 63,921 24,449 37,169 11.4 14.3 11.5 12.5 14.1 107,035 264,700 217,712 55,364 84,290 7,813 7.3 351,743 26,472 10.0 1,113,962 15,758 7.2 772,987 3,437 6.2 250,300 10,215 12.1 348,234 Total. Esti Per mated number cent unof wage emearners unem pioyployed. 35,723 148,079 79,679 27,886 47,384 10.2 13.3 10.3 11.1 13.6 OCCUPATIONS OP UNEMPLOYED. In making this survey of unemployment, an attempt was made to ascertain the industry and occupation in which each unemployed person last worked. Those industries in the various cities in which the largest number of unemployed were found, with the percentages these numbers are of the total unemployed whose occupations were reported, are shown in the statement below. It should be borne in mind that the percentages given in this statement are not employ ment rates for the industries and occupations listed. For the com putation of such rates, it would be necessary to relate the numbers unemployed in each occupation to the total number of persons belong ing to that occupation in the section of the city canvassed. The statement shows for Boston, for example, that in the families can vassed there were found 928 unemployed workers in the building trades, who constituted 12.2 per cent of the 7,595 unemployed wage earners in the families canvassed. Table 5 shows that the unemploy ment rate for the building trades in Boston, computed on the basis of the total number of building-trade workers and the number out of work in that industry, was 20.5 per cent. Boston, Mass.: Total unemployed, 7,595. Building trades, 928, or 12.2 per cent. Wholesale and retail trade, 657, or 8.7 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 622, or 8.2 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 622, or 8.2 per cent. Leather and its finished products (mostly boots and shoes), 526, or 6.9 per cent. 10 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Chicago, 111.: Total unemployed, 19,539. Building trades, 3,127, or 16 per cent. Wholesale and retail trade, 950, or 4.9 per cent. Iron and steel and their products, 2,314, or 11.8 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 2,020, or 10.3 per cent. Railroad transportation, 1,038, or 5.3 per cent. Philadelphia, Pa.: Total unemployed, 12,550. Building trades, 2,752, or 21.9 per cent. Textiles, 1,591, or 12.7 per cent. Wholesale and retail trade, 1,517, or 12.1 per cent. Iron and steel and their products, 1,254, or 10 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 1,035, or 8.2 per cent. Pittsburgh, Pa.: Total unemployed, 5,511. Iron and steel and their products, 1,361, or 24.7 per cent. Building trades, 670, or 12.2 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 455, or 8.3 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 308, or 5.6 per cent. St. Louis, Mo.: Total unemployed, 12,455. Building trades, 1,817, or 14.6 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 1,497, or 12 per cent. Wholesale and retail trade, 1,412, or 11.3 per cent. Leather and its finished products (boots and shoes), 1,177, or 9.5 per cent. Iron and steel and their products, 1,077, or 8.6 per cent. Bridgeport, Conn.: Total unemployed, 500. Building trades, 94, or 18.8 per cent. Iron and steel and their products, 88, or 17.6 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 46, or 9.2 per cent. Cleveland, Ohio: Total unemployed, 2,266. Building trades, 568, or 25.1 per cent. Iron and steel and their products, 397, or 17.5 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 192, or 8.5 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 121, or 5.3 per cent. Duluth, Minn.: Total unemployed, 399. Building trades, 99, or 24.8 per cent. Railroad transportation, 44, or 11 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 24, or 6 per cent. Water transportation, 23, or 5.8 per cent. Kansas City, Mo.: Total unemployed, 2,791. Building trades, 773, or 27.7 per cent. Domestic and personal se!!rvice, 717, or 25.7 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 263, or 9.4 per cent. Food and kindred products, 188, or 6.7 per cent. Railroad transportation, 156, or 5.6 per cent. UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. 11 Louisville, Ky.: Total unemployed, 356. Building trades, 82, or 23 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 56, or 15.7 per cent. Railroad transportation, 16, or 4.5 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 15, or 4.2 per cent. Milwaukee, Wis.: Total unemployed, 923. Building trades, 220, or 23.8 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 72, or 7.8 per cent. Leather and its finished products, 70, or 7.6 per cent. Minneapolis, Minn.: Total unemployed, 495. Building trades, 82, or 16.6 per cent. Public administration, 64, or 12.9 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 58, or 11.7 per cent. Iron and steel and their products, 28, or 5.7 per cent. St. Paul, Minn.: Total unemployed, 497. Building trades, 134, or 27 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 45, or 9.1 per cent. Railroad transportation, 38, or 7.6 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 38, or 7.6 per cent. Springfield, Mo.: Total unemployed, 150: Building trades, 39, or 26 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 19, or 12.7 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 19, or 12.7 per cent. Toledo, Ohio: Total unemployed, 972. Iron and steel and their products, 205, or 21.1 per cent. Building trades, 111, or 11.4 per cent. Domestic and personal service, 88, or 9.1 per cent. Road, street, and bridge transportation, 70, or 7.2 per cent. Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: Total unemployed, 1,085. Mining, 401, or 37 per cent. Building trades, 159, or 14.7 per cent. Textiles, 111, or 10.2 per cent. Chemicals and allied products, 92, or 8.5 per cent. The next table shows the number of unemployed persons found in each industry and occupation and the length of the unemployment, in days. The facts are shown separately for each city. For the smaller cities, owing to the small numbers of unemployed in many occupations, information for separate occupations is omitted, and the facts are reported only for the industry as a whole. Data for the principal occupations are given in detail, however, for five cities: Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. 12 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able 4.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT. BOSTON, MASS. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Agricultural pursuits: Farm laborers....... Gardeners............. Other workers....... Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— Bricklayers...................... Building laborers............ Carpenters....................... Cement and concrete workers........................ Electricians..................... Hod carriers.................... Painters, paper hangers, and decorators.............. Plasterers........................ Plumbers, gas and steam fitters........................... Roofers............................ Structural-iron workers... Tile layers....................... Other workers................ . 1 to 7 91 1 1 l 1i 209 23 154 34 7 7 29 2 1 1 14 15 1 Other workers. Waist, underwear, neck tie, etc., makers.......... . 1 1 3 2 3 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 11 10 3 2 14 4 2 5 3 18 4 5 37 6 8 40 20 7 49 28 14 78 20 8 47 1 1 1 2 2 5 1 2 1 1 42 2 8 4 22 6 45 4 1 3 20 8 1 1 7 10 5 1 2 7 7 3 1 2 35 1 2 1 4 63 90 130 180 231 147 52 1 1____ I 1 i 3 5 3 2 1 4 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 6 6 3 1 11 3 1 5 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 7 8 1 2 ........ i ....... 1 i 1 1 1 1 ! 1 6 1 3 25 1 25 27 7 110 22 2 18 20 1 1 1 2 1 2 10 15 17 49 5 1 2 2 2 8 2 3 1 14 2 3 1 10 2 5 1 11 1 6 2 18 2 7 2 1 1 6 2 1 2 2 4 1 5 5 5 3 1 3 1 5 3 3 2 4 1 1 1 4 6 8 14 1 3 1 5 2 7 7 3 ...... 4 1 1 2 4 2 3 2 22 3 7 4 1 16 1 1 2 5 1 Candy packers.. Other workers.. 2 5 21 62 5 1 Candy makers................ 1 1 2 40 6 I Other bakery workers... 121 181 Not to and re180 over. port ed. 30 1 1 Food and kindred products— Bakers............................. 91 to 120 61 to 90 9 3 1 Suits, coats, cloaks, and overalls— Tailors..................... 31 to 60 17 2 ! 2 S 11 21 4 1! i 1 3! 21 I 1 Clothing manufacture— Corset makers.......... 3 2 5 2 8 9 7 6 Total.. Iron and steel and their prod ucts— Automobile-factory work ers................................ M. F. Car-shop employees......... M. Hardware-factory workers M. F. Iron-foundry workers___ M. Machine-shop employees. M. F. Ship and boat builders... M. Stove-factory workers...... M. Wagon and carriage work ers............................... M. Other iron and steel industries— Machinists................. M. Other workers.......... . M. F. 14 to 30 8 to 13 1 1 Chemicals and allied products. Clay, glass, and stone prod ucts—Stone and marble cutters. Other workers............. days. 4 6 4 2 3 11 8 4 1 1 8 23 9 8 2 1 5 1 4 4 2 12 4 3 4 6 4 3 2 5 12 3 22 4 4 1 3 4 1 6 8 2 19 6 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 6 1 11 1 3 6 1 2 2 4 6 8 2 6 14 1 1 13 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. TABLE 4,—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT-Contd. BOSTON, MASS.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classifled number of days. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Continued. Leather and its finished prod ucts— Shoe factories— Clerks and stenogra phers...................... Cutters...................... Num ber Sex. unem ployed. M. F. M F. Edge setters and trim mers........................ M F. Lasters...................... M, F. Stitchers.................... M, F. Vampere............... M. F. Other workers........... M F. Tannery workers M F. Other workers................. M. F. Liquors and beverages— Brewery workers............. M. Other workers.................. M. Lumber and its remanufac ture— Furniture workers........... M. F. Piano makers................... M. F. Saw and planing mill workers......................... M. F. Other wood workers........ M. F. Metals and metal products other than iron ana steel— Brass mill and foundry workers......................... M. Other workers.................. M. F. Paper and paper products— M. F. Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees.. M. F. Electrotypers and lithog raphers......................... M. F. Printers and other em ployees......................... M. F. Textiles— Carpet-mill workers......... M. F. Cotton-mill workers......... M. F. Dyers ^ cleaners.......... M. F. Knitting-mill operatives.. M. F. Lace, embroidery, a n d curtain workers............. M. F. Rope and cordage workers M. F. Woolen-mill workers........ M. F. Other textile workers...... M. F. 14 12 64 1 6 3 18 2 8 21 2 12 169 109 68 5 11 1 13 13 1 to 7 8 to 13 1 14 to 30 31 to 60 1 1 9 1 2 4 10 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 1 6 1 3 3 ii 9 1 1 2 2 6 1 5 15 ” *2i 15 17 7 12 1 1 2 1 1 1 61 to 90 10 1 1 1 4 1 3 15 14 10 ...... 4 91 to 120 3 2 6 1 3 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 2 2 7 16 1 4 4 2 3 2 18 10 13 1 3 39 20 13 2 38 11 11 1 1 10 7 1 1 1 2 7 4 2 12 1 9 4 1 2 8 8 7 7 2 5 3 2 7 2 1 1 4 1 2 4 2 1 4 1 1 1 18 28 1 2 1 8 6 1 126 20 2 29 40 3 17 13 7 14 9 7 11 2 14 28 1 8 12 8 13 7 21 26 1 1 1 2 2 5 2 3 2 1 3 11 1 13 3 1 9 1 3 3 6 2 5 7 1 5 2 11 12 1 1 1 2 1 5 1 2 2 1 3 5 1 2 5 3 4 3 9 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 2 1 19 5 18 3 21 2 34 4 2 2 2 1 1 5 3 3 1 6 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 i 2 2 2 5 5 5 2 1 1 7 1 2 3 1 3 3 1 4 6 1 2 1 2 1 2 6 1 1 5 2 1 1 4 4 13 2 1 2 4 3 3 13 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 3 2 1 9 2 41 3 1 1 2 1 49 1 32 3 5 2 7 3 4 1 7 6 2 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 14 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. BOSTON, MASS.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Concluded. Miscellaneous industries— Brush and broom makers. M F Electric light and power employ®®**..................... M F Electrical supply workers. M. F. Gas-works employees....... M Rubber-factory workers.. M. F. Tobacco and cigar-factory workers......................... M. F. Other employees.............. M F. Industry not specified— Blacksmiths and horse,sho«rs., _ t ..................... M. Dressmakers..................... M F. Laborers.................... ...... M Machinists,.. - - T- r- - - ....... M Milliners........................... F Stationary engineers........ M. Stationary firemen........... M. Other workers.................. M. F. Transportation: Express company employees.. M. Post-office clerks and letter M. Railroad transportation— Brakemen........................ M. Clerks and bookkeepers... M. Conductors. . . . . M Engineers and firemen— m ! Other workers................. M. F* Road, street, and bridge transportation— Chauffeurs........................ M. Drivers............................ M Garage employees............ M. Livery-stable employees.. M. Road, street, and biridge workers......................... M. Street-railway employees. M. Truck, transfer, and cab • company employees.... M. Telegraph and telephone— Telegraphers and tele phone operators........... M. F. Other employees.............. M. Water transportation— Longshoremen................. M. Other workers.................. M. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and in surance— Clerical employees........... M. F. Real-estate employees___ M. Other employees............ £: Wholesale ana retail trade— Butcher-shop employees.. M. Department - store em ployees......................... M. F. Drivers, coal yard............ M. 1 to 7 14 to 30 8 to 13 2 14 9 10 1 92 4 10 57 23 4 1 19 9 28 9 1 1 2 1 32 2 68 583 147 20 24 26 153 16 31 to 60 1 1 5 5 5 1 3 1 67 433 21 30 40 22 3 7 2 78 39 1 2 16 7 5 2 14 1 40 4 37 124 43 2 3 2 8 1 15 2 1 13 1 1 1 1 5 2 6 11 5 3 4 1 3 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 1 7 3 8 22 7 1 2 2 2 5 19 2 1 6 24 2 2 12 3 1 1 11 1 13 2 3 2 3 1 6 3 4 1 2 4 1 3 2 5 1 1 12 75 17 4 4 4 13 3 2 1 11 63 16 2 5 3 25 4 3 7 14 2 12 92 20 6 2 2 23 1 7 132 39 3 4 2 18 4 10 156 33 4 5 7 30 3 2 Ol ul *i7 1 3 1 x 2 l 1 20 1 3 1 3 4 6 2 2 5 1 1 2 3 7 1 7 8 1 16 1 1 6 4 7 4 4 7 3 22 4 7 9 1 18 1 2 3 7 3 4 2 13 5 1 6 46 4 1 9 64 3 5 12 67 1 2 11 64 4 2 13 63 3 7 11 103 4 11 2 2 2 3 5 3 8 3 12 3 11 6 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 4 5 10 2 2 3 3 2 6 7 2 7 5 1 6 5 10 5 16 2 7 2 12 11 15 10 6 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 4 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 7 4 2 5 10 3 3 5 6 2 21 8 9 29 9 3 38 5 6 12 8 11 13 3 1 1 2 9 1 4 1 16 1 8 35 23 3 2 1 1 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 2 3 10 10 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 91 to 120 1 20 24 20 40 11 98 2 61 to 90 5 1 2 8 2 13 1 1 15 UNEMPLOYMENT IN' THE UNITED STATES. T ab le 4 .—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OP UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. BOSTON, MASS.—Concluded. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Trade—Concluded. Wholesale and retail trade— Concluded. Other coal-yard employees Drug-store employees.. D ry-goods-store ployees................ Grocery-store employees.. Ice-wagon employees....... Merchants and dealers.... M31k-wagon employees.... Other forms of trade— Canvassers, collectors, and solicitors................ Clerks, cashiers, and bookkeepers................. Messengers. Stenographers and type writers.......................... Other employees.. Public service................. Professional service: Musicians.............. Theatrical employees. Trained nurses. Other workers.. Domestic and personal service: Barber-shop employees........ Building employees.. Domestic servants... Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 1 to 7 91 to 120 181 Not re to and port 180 over. ed. 121 7 21 2 51 94 131 13 26 44 24 18 123 97 17 23 44 20 15 14 84 128 29 170 3 16 5 11 10 57 41 22 31 3 42 1 7 Hotel employees— Cooks................. Waiters................ Other employees.. 13 14 Laundry workers.......... Restaurant employees: Waiters................... Other employees.. Saloon employees....... Other workers........... All occupations: Males.......... Females....... Total......................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of un em p loym en t un known ...................... Total unemployed. 5,934 1,661 138 76 104 28 7,595 214 132 512 174 790 798 310 865 1,133 1,319 285 219 261 1,108 1,150 1,580 275 72 347 16 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table 4.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. CHICAGO, ILL. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Agricultural pursuits: Farm laborers...................... Gardeners............................. Other workers. ................ Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— Bricklayers...................... Building laborers............. Carpenters....................... Cement and concrete workers......................... Drivers............................ Electricians. . .......... Hod carriers— ............... House wreckers............... Painters, paper bangers, and decorators............. Plasterers......................... Plumbers, gas and steam fitters............................ Roofers............................. Structural-iron workers*.. Tile layers........................ Other workers.................. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 31 to 60 61 to 90 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 91 to 120 5 2 1 3 4 4 7 2 3 6 8 2 29 21 7 6 10 2 5 37 43 62 32 47 95 51 61 128 57 97 155 123 122 207 53 102 156 6 7 15 12 7 4 8 1 19 3 23 6 3 15 56 8 1 19 1 12 4 2 5 4 3 6 12 5 1 11 10 2 4 23 14 33 13 69 19 74 19 184 49 80 17 9 2 299 35 72 4 96 15 1 4 25 1 2 57 3 8 46 3 11 12 13 59 11 21 2 29 44 8 18 1 12 9- 10 40 8 9 1 15 3,127 93 38 235 332 439 522 892 519 57 3 1 1 6 6 3 23 2 2 1 6 6 2 3 3 3 1 1 7 3 1 5 5 3 2 14 7 3 2 17 6 3 2 38 5 6 1 6 11 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 61 47 20 M. M. M. 373 493 857 9 11 23 M M M M. M 129 33 14 86 4 1 3 4 M. M. 485 147 M. M M M. M. Total.......................... 14 to 30 8 to 13 M M M Chemicals and allied products. M. F. Clay, glass, and stone prod ucts— Brickyard workers........... M. Glass-factory workers...... M. Stone and marble cutters. M. Other workers.................. M. Clothing manufacture— Corset makers.................. M. F. Glove makers.................. M. F. Hatters (wool and felt). . . M. F. Shirt, collar, and cuff makers........................ M. F. Suit, coat, cloak, and over all makers— Cutters...................... M. Finishers................... M. F. Pressers..................... M. Seamstresses.............. F. Tailors....................... M. F. Other workers........... M. F. Waist, underwear, neck tie, etc., makers............ M. F. Food and kindred products— Bakers............................. M. F. Butter and cheese makers M. F. Candy makers.................. M. F. Flour and grain mill w ork ers...............— M. F. 1 to 7 1 5 50 15 85 48 26 9 3 10 12 5 4 3 5 3 16 % 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 4 4 55 5 21 48 84 59 22 87 39 2 12 1 2 1 2 1 6 12 98 11 7 1 14 26 2 38 1 2 1 3 5 4 3 4 2 15 1 1 U 7 2 3 7 9 10 32 12 4 8 5 U * *i7* 11 3 1 5 7 10 U 16 8 12 8 1 3 2 2 3 8 2 1 22 2 1 15 5 1 11 1 1 4 8 5 7 2 5 1 4 5 6 1 5 3 8 4 1 1 6 13 9 1 2 11 3 3 7 9 15 5 20 5 3 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 2 1 3 19 2 2 1 2 1 3 9 3 16 1 1 17 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a ble 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. ber Sex. unem ployed. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Continued. Food and kindred prod ucts—Concluded. Slaughter and packing house workers— Butchers................... Clerks, bookkeepers, and stenographers.. Laborers.................. . Packers, wrappers, and labelers........ .. Other workers. Sugar-refinery workers— Other workers............. Iron and steel and their prod ucts— Agricultural - implement workers........................ Automobile and motor cycle workers............... BOiler-works employees... Car shops— Blacksmiths.......... Boiler makers . ___ Brass workers....... Cabinetmakers----Clerks.................... Electricians........... Laborers............... Machinists............ Painters................ Other workers....... Iron foundries— Molders.................... . Other workers........... Iron and steel mills— Clerks and book keepers................... Cranemen.......... *__ Laborers.................. . Machinists................. Other workers.......... . Machine shops— Machinists................. Other workers.......... Shii aborers Other workers. Stove-factory workers — Wagon and carriage manufacture— Painters................... . Other workers........... Other iron and steel in dustries— Clerks and book keepers ................. Machinists-----Other workers. 32656°—Bull. 195—16----- 2 76 1 55 4 222 8 12 73 4 7 16 3 1 to 7 8 to 13 2 3 5 7 2 3 44 10 34 69 36 16 132 152 79 547 2 227 18 15 23 263 60 130 23 40 1 1 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not and re to 180 over. port ed. 12 1 9 19 13 1 6 11 18 29 9 1 32 13 1 21 11 62 1 2 4 1 3 2 5 13 2 2 17 2 1 4 1 4 8 2 4 5 1 1 2 13 13 1 1 2 1 8 1 5 9 8 1 11 4 1 1 8 1 6 4 1 6 2 1 44 6 2 8 6 12 5 7 8 6 3 3 12 6 4 22 37 18 85 3 1 1 5 4 3 17 16 7 64 10 4 11 6 3 13 18 11 56 13 2 10 17 5 4 20 25 18 111 1 9 4 6 13 2 4 1 11 29 1 41 7 27 3 49 1 60 5 5 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 15 3 10 4 3 24 *25* 15 6 17 22 1 4 40 8 12 5 6 65 13 23 4 8 89 13 43 2 1 3 2 1 5 1 6 1 5 6 5 6 1 5 9 7 1 1 1 1 4 5 2 13 4 6 5 1 3 5 6 4 4 10 4 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 4 6 8 14 12 6 5 5 1 7 9 2 5 9 1 7 10 1 1 13 23 2 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 1 10 1 2 2 4 22 1 1 2 35 27 21 31 34 1 5 2 39 75 6 31 to 60 6 1 1 40 1 33 1 42 14 to 30 1 3 3 2 8 7 13 1 37 33 7 95 1 4 13 3 20 18 12 97 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 18 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, —NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. T able CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem 1 ployed. to 7 Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Continued. Leather and its finished prod ucts— Harness and saddle mak ers................................. M Leather belt, case, and pocketbook makers....... M. Shoe-factory operatives... M. F Othershoe-factory workers M F Tannery employees.......... M Trnnlr rnr^lrArs T.. . . . . . . . M Liquors and beverages— Brewery workers............. M Other workers.................. M Lumber and its remanufac ture— Furniture work— Cabinetmakers.......... M Furniture workers, not specified........... M Piano workers........... M Upholsterers M. Saw and planing mills— Drivers...................... M. Sawyers, planers, and filers....................... M. Other employees....... M. Other wood workers........ M. F. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Jewelry workers............... M. F. Tin-ean factory workers.. M. Tinners and tinsmiths___ M. F. Other workers.................. M. F. Paper and paper products— Envelope, tag, and paperbag makers................... M. F. Paper-box workers.......... M. F. Other workers.................. M. F. Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees.. M. F. Electrotypers and lithog raphers......................... M. Printers and other em ployees.......................... M. F. Textiles— Dyers and cleaners.......... M. F. Textile workers................ M. F. Miscellaneous industries— Electric light and power plant workers............... M. F. Clerks ancPbookkeepers.......................... Other workers........... M. F. M. F. 8 to 13 14 to 30 61 to 90 2 1 1 5 4 2 1 4 5 3 1 1 4 2 3 6 13 4 4 1 11 7 i 1 1 2 2 2 1 48 2 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 2 7 2 1 1 91 to 120 1 9 1 1 4 2 8 17 34 1 9 5 27 5 31 to 60 3 4 10 1 11 1 97 5 1 3 9 14 16 16 33 114 11 24 2 1 2 8 22 1 3 10 17 3 3 23 3 5 28 2 4 2 2 1 2 21 22 9 107 5 16 3 26 47 12 28 3 6 6 14 16 7 2 42 65 5 2 1' 21 i 1 6 4 4 1 1 3 1 16 5 2 14 3 3 2 11 4 1 28 1 •4 2 26 1 1 1 4 8 1 3 4 1 2 9 4 6 5 1 3 6 2 1 1 3 1 6 6 3 10 1 5 11 1 4 2 1 1........ 1 i........ i i........ i i i 1• i 1 I 1 4 3 1 6 | 1 2 5 4 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 3 2 2 1 7 11 7 .8 10 18 2 2 1 2 4 6 1 3 8 4 5 3 4 2 2 x 2 % o 9i 1 6 9 1 2 38 1 2 2 7 12 5 6 2 x 269 32 12 1 8 29 3 50 6 60 8 18 5 31 3 56 5 10 5 31 20 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 5 5 2 4 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 4 3 x 1 7 2 5 1 x 41 6 4 1 5 5 2 1 5 1 7 1 11 2 1 x 17 7 J»9 15 I 1 1 3 i 2 2 8 4 4 2 6 4 5 2i ! 2 14 2 3 1 12 1 2 1 5 2 2 1 x 19 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b le 4 .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number /if rlavfi Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Concluded. Miscellaneous in d u stries— Concluded. Gas-works employees....... M. Oil-works employees........ M. Tobacco and cigar factory workers........................ M F Workers in other indus tries.......... .................. M F. Industry not specified— Blacksmiths and horseshoers........................... M Dressmakers and seam stresses.......................... F, __ T-, T M Laborers.-^..................... M F "MV^binists-...................... M Metal polishers and buffers M F Mn]tnersT......................... M F. Packers............................ M. Shoemakers..................... M. Sign painters................... M. Stationary engineers and firemen......................... M. Other workers.................. M. F. Transportation: Express companies— Clerks............................... M. Drivers............................. M. Other employees............. M. Post-office clerks and letter carriers................................ M. Railroad transportation— Brakemen........................ M. Clerks and bookkeepers... M. F. Conductors...................... M. Engineers and firemen— M. Laborers......................... M. Porters............................. M. Stenographers.................. M. F. Trackmen and switchmen M. Other workers.................. M. F. Road, street, and bridge trans portation— Chauffeurs........................ M. Garage employees............ M. Livery-stable employees.. M. Motormen, street railway. M. Sewer construction work ers............ .................... M. Street cleaners.................. M. Street pavers................... M. Truck, transfer, and cab drivers.......................... M. Other employees. . . . . . . . . M. Telegraph ana telephone— Clerks, bookkeepers, and stenographers..... . M. F. T,fnftfflftti............. M. Operators......................... M. F. Other workers.................. M. 52 26 to 7 14 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 3 1 4 2 6 4 4 10 7 12 3 7 6 3 2 6 8 2 11 13 11 5 2 3 1 1 1 6 5 28 7 32 9 30 9 32 5 29 3 3 6 59 4 162 39 8 to 13 57 2 1 3 4 9 6 10 19 3 149 m 1,378 10 495 17 3 4 42 22 84 13 4 2 19 1 2 10 15 7 74 10 38 1 1 28 17 171 4 96 4 23 28 249 2 79 4 16 22 306 1 104 4 4 1 1 8 5 14 2 5 2 12 2 9 3 11 1 1 5 4 14 2 1 3 1 4 20 25 356 1 82 3 1 1 8 2 23 4 9 3 44 18 33 22 149 2 57 1 1 57 41 7 1 9 6 1 6 4 2 5 6 6 5 2 11 7 1 15 13 1 1 2 15 1 15 5 16 2 11 2 4 22 2 7 11 1 1 1 3 5 6 4 3 3 1 1 3 2 8 1 8 8 18 5 5 25 2 7 18 24 21 8 29 3 9 13 29 27 8 15 1 3 13 52 21 10 36 1 8 11 58 23 3 6 38 20 6 32 2 16 15 57 6 1 1 32 37 2 21 98 5 1 1 2 6 26 39 147 11 57 83 244 110 4 21 175 140 7 1 2 2 2 1 2 11 3 3 2 4 1 1 3 3 5 2 3 5 2 1 12 12 1 2 25 21 1 7 34 24 1 4 25 20 1 101 55 13 20 1 1 1 2 12 3 2 16 7 2 1 21 9 14 11 2 4 18 11 2 2 17 9 3 6 2 2 1 16 199 24 1 1 1 1 15 1 2 24 1 22 3 37 5 6 57 11 2 40 5 1 67 8 1 11 9 1 13 2 7 1 18 2 7 2 1 1 1 2 ...... 2 4 6 45 28 5 4 2 1 4 4 33 6 1 5 1 40 4 4 4 16 21 251 24 1 15 2 1 *2 1 4 1 2 3 29 2 2 1 51 6 2 1 1 * 1 6 20 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Transportation—Concluded. Water transportation— Boat employees............... M Dredge work-er??. . . _____ M T/Ongshoremfin.. ......... M Other workers.................. M Trade: Banking, brokerage, and in surance\i clerical employ****F Insurance agents.............. M. F Real estate employees___ M, F Wholesale and retail trade— Department-store em ployees.......................... M. F. Drug-store employees...... M. F Dry-goods-store employees M F. Grocery-store employees.. M. F. M ail-order-house em ployees.......................... M. F. Merchants and dealers___ M. Other forms of trade— Canvassers, collectors, and solicitors....................... M. Clerks, cashiers, and book keepers.......................... M. F. Drivers............................. M. Errand and messenger boys.............................. M. Laborers.......................... M. Salesmen......................... M. Stenographers.................. M. F. Other employees.............. M. F. Public service: Army and N avy................... M. City employees...................... M. F. Park employees..................... M. Other employees.................... M. F. Professional service: Graphic arts workers............. M. Public entertainers................ M. F. Teachers................................ M. F. Trained nurses....................... M. F. Other workers........ ............... M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service......... ........... M. F. Personal service— Barber-shop employees... M. F. Building employees......... M. F. Hotel employees.............. M. F. 1 to 7 8 to 13 14 to 30 1 14 15 38 2 1 1 23 12 18 1 20 10 1 1 2 31 to 60 1 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 2 1 4 5 15 1 7 3 13 2 5 7 3 1 4 1 9 3 5 2 3 3 3 2 3 1 5 2 2 1 1 2 1 4 2 6 2 3 15 11 1 21 38 10 47 57 5 25 37 6 19 17 6 6 7 19 1 4 14 31 2 15 27 47 6 10 10 33 8 6 13 2 15 19 1 19 29 7 8 10 $ 1 6 1 1 4 4 1 8 3 28 3 24 19 7 1 2 8 24 4 14 8 11 12 11 12 162 191 38 1 45 73 196 25 6 6 2 79 95 45 2 1 2 4 1 1 3 2 1 2 6 657 370 265 14 9 3 11 8 12 53 34 38 88 65 46 152 81 38 94 80 42 105 24 51 113 56 31 27 13 4 84 114 118 4 185 75 10 1 2 3 3 1 19 22 21 1 40 9 8 20 16 1 26 7 9 16 24 3 4 1 15 8 12 1 26 14 3 19 35 25 2 2 10 8 10 1 25 9 4 25 12 2 25 15 1 12 6 4 4 4 11 1 2 5 14 12 17 1 9 1 5 12 3 3 1 1 1 2 6 16 27 77 3 22 5 2 27 117 33 7 14 4 51 12 14 115 862 132 29 174 17 76 24 3 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 15 6 5 20 7 3 1 6 1 13 3 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 16 3 3 1 2 5 1 4 6 3 6 1 1 16 1 1 3 2 14 4 2 19 2 2 8 20 13 1 1 1 13 4 3 1 3 28 4 3 1 4 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 4 1 1 7 101 27 178 22 179 13 100 23 121 21 107 1 47 9 8 21 3 9 1 25 1 28 2 12 4 26 9 37 5 12 4 20 18 4 23 “ 20 1 2 11 14 4 7 26 3 32 2 12 2 2 3 8 2 2 21 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b le 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. CHCIAGO, ILL.—Concluded. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Domestic and personal service— Concluded. Personal service—Concluded. Laundry workers. 1 to 7 8 to 13 13 1 57 63 1 1 191 13 5 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 9 48 10 47 4 32 6 23 6 19 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 4 8 14 14 8 17 9 6 12 7 6 7 2 1 7 3 16 23 3 1 40 1 23 3 1 43 2 1 36 3 2 1 108 75 544 152 3 3 2 1 1 13 5 3 1 24 13 12 15 8 12 20 13 11 12 15 17 17 16 16 1 3 2 470 150 16,046 3,493 345 74 265 1,242 2,086 2,604 2,337 3,372 2.971 59 363 655 766 499 391 418 824 268 Total......................... industry, occupation, sex, and days of une m p lo y m e n t unknown................ 19,539 419 324 1,605 2,741 3,370 2,836 3,763 3,389 1,092 Total unemployed 20,952 All occupations: Males............................ Females........................ 1 5 31 to 60 5 26 M F. Pool and billiard room employees..................... M. Restaurant and club em ployees.......................... M. F. Saloon keepers, bartend ers, etc.......................... M. Other workers................. M. F. Industry not specified: Porters................................... M. - , _____________________ _ M. Other workers........................ M. F. 41 208 14 to 30 3 5 1,413 PHILADELPHIA, PA. Agricultural pursuits: Farm laborers........................ Gardeners.............................. Other workers........................ Manufacturing and mechanical Industries: Building trades— Bricklayers...................... Building laborers............. Carpenters....................... C em en t a n d concrete workers........................ Drivers............................ Electricians..................... Hod carriers..................... Painters, pai and decoral Plasterers....................... . Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.......................... Roofers........................... . Tile layers...................... . Other workers................ . Total.. Chemicals and allied products: Chemical and drug workers. M. F. Clay, glass, and stone prodBrickyard workers. Glass workers......... Marble and stone cutters., Other workers................ 32 67 23 2 1 4 5 6 7 2 1 9 3 239 1,062 428 2 13 4 4 8 5 13 50 29 16 134 51 35 153 68 3 6 7 10 2 9 5 7 4 55 28 52 18 3 1 4 3 6 6 7 1 1 5 9 3 12 19 6 12 8 2 4 2 75 44 152 *274 81 80 42 251 82 8 27 28 15 5 8 3 10 3 9 4 6 1 4 328 94 2 1 3 24 4 29 10 54 10 69 15 80 33 45 19 22 2 276 68 14 90 4 3 5 34 16 44 11 9 32 4 2 11 41 12 2 13 36 9 6 23 19 1 8 61 12 4 20 2,752 30 29 188 324 442 435 641 539 124 50 9 1 1 6 1 10 1 5 6 1 6 1 15 4 1 2 3 5 4 1 2 7 5 U 5 1 14 1 2 7 1 9 1 9 10 1 13 8 14 1 17 3 45 50 5 60 6 1 1 1 1 3 1 6 1 2 22 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Cantd. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing an industries—Continued. Clothing manufacture— Hatters (wool and felt)... Shirt, collar, and cuff makers.......................... Suits, coats, cloaks, and overalls— Cutters...................... Pressers and spongers Other workers........... Waist, underwear, and necktie makers............. Food and kindred products— Bakers............................. Bakery drivers. Candy makers.. Dairy workers.. Other workers.. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 106 9 1 to . 7 18 1 13 26 1 1 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 3 5 4 2 i 2 3 2 22 4 1 2 26 2 5 5 5 45 “ '32’ g 11 2 5 42 6 5 3 37 11 3 3 2 3 3 2 7 1 3 4 2 4 1 7 2 3 3 1 2 6 10 2 1 6 2 5 5 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 Leather and its finished prod ucts— Lasters in shoe factories... Other workers in shoe fac tories............................ Other workers........... 7 10 3 2 5 2 5 4 3 8 13 3 1 3 1 4 5 4 7 2 8 3 4 10 4 1 22 4 10 13 3 5 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 10 1 3 4 8 1 4 1 1 1 2 5 1 6 5 10 6 13 18 1 1 1 3 3 2 I 7 2 9 6 3 16 10 3 27 11 19 49 25 1 4 1 7 18 2 39 47 5 42 2 34 3 81 5 . 13 2 4 5 13 4 16 19 8 6 4 16 26 8 10 26 14 8 2 24 *1 1 1 70 1 1 3 27 1 3 2 9 3 5 5 12 1 3 4 5 5 1 8 4 1 1 2 8 1 1 2 25 2 4 1 14 8 4 6 14 5 3 9 24 3 11 4 48 6 1 1 Leather belt, case, and pocketbook makers----Tannery employees.., 1 11 2 1 3 1 25 27 147 31 5 1 1 1 4 8 1 1 284 20 37 115 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 11 1 1 31 116 91 to 120 20 2 Iron foundries and iron Iron and steel mill opera tives.................... ......... Locomotive works— Laborers.................... Machinists................ Other employees....... Machine shops— Machinists................. Other employees....... Ship and boat building— Laborers................... Machinists............... . Riveters.................... Other workers........... Wagon and cai.iage build ers................................ Other iron and steel in dustries— Boilermakers........... Machinists................. Other workers........... 61 to 90 6 3 14 Iron and steel and their prod ucts— Automobile factories— Machinists................. Other workers........... Car-shop workers........... . Cutlery, file, and saw workers........................ 31 to 60 1 20 47 6 14 24 36 13 14 to 30 3 1 21 17 219 44 8 to 13 1 4 1 2 7 5 2. 6 9 16 13 20 2 7 4 9 2 15 1 11 5 5 6 17 6 2 1 2 3 1 2 7 1 1 3 1 9 2 2 2 3 1 3 1 5 10 3 2 17 2 2 4 1 UNEMPLOYMENT IN’ THE UNITED STATES. n T able 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT-Contd. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued. dumber of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Continued. Liquors and beverages: Brew ery workers......................... Lumber and its remanufac ture— Furniture factories— Cabinetmakers.......... Upholsterers.............. Other workers........... Piano and organ makers.. Sawmill workers............. Other woodworkers......... Metals and metal products other than iron ana steel— Brass-mill workers......... Jewelry-factory workers -. Paper-box-factory em ployees........................ . Paper-mill workers........ . Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees. Compositors................... . Other employees............ Textiles— Carpet-mill workers......... Cotton-mill operatives__ Dyers and cleaners.......... Knitting mills— Boarders................... Knitters.................... Loopers....... -............ Menders..................... Toppers..................... Weavers.................... Other employees....... Lace and embroidery workers......... .............. Silk-mill workers............. Woolen-mill workers....... Other textile workers...... 8 to 13 1 2 2 1 3 2 14 to 30 2 8 18 31 26 28 12 1 18 121 2 125 43 6 9 1 15 31 19 49 7 52 7 28 4 40 26 8 70 115 19 16 16 2 480 320 2 2 1 121 X8X Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 4 6 5 4 XX 3 1 4 2 2 7 5 6 6 X 2 8 4 7 5 X 5 9 4 2 9 2 3 6 6 2 12 X 3 XX 5 5 6 2 2 9 13 2 2 3 x X 2 x 4 3 2 X 6 2 2 X 5 x X 7 x 3 9 X 10 7 5 1 2 1 5 2 3 2 X 1 X X 3 4 2 1 x 3 3 4 4 s x 4 8 4 2 4 3 5 x 9 5 2 3 6 4 4 X 1 X x 5 x 8 2 2 5 2 29 3 5 X X 2 x 19 “ ‘ ie 3 2 4 X 4 17 x 4 6 9 23 3 2 15 4 X X 7 18 8 20 5 19 6 16 4 4 x XX 31 XO X x 16 2 5 6 6 2 5 2 2 x 4 9 9 6 X 3 2 3 X 7 8 2 16 18 3 3 x 14 24 X XO 2 6 8 2 3 X X 110 44 26 18 3 1 1 1 X 4 2 3 1 2 1 4 1 2 15 8 91 to 120 3 1 21 61 to 90 1 2 2 19 31 to 60 3 X 3 Tinware-factory employ ees................................. Other workers................ Paper and paper products— Envelope, tag. paperbag, etc., makers........... 1 to 7 4 8 x 7 4 %2 9 8 X 6 x 17 4 18 4 7 2 9 4 2 6 X 9 3 2 9 8 12 2 4 3 9 2 2 10 15 x 3 5 X X 6 4 5 3 X 3 X 4 4 x 1 54 51 73 65 86 53 53 34 x XX x x 10 18 x 6 8 8 7 9 18 5 x 2 2 59 39 X 4 X X 3 X 2 24 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. TABLE 4 .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Concluded. Miscellaneous industries— Cigar makers................... Electrical supply workers. Gas-works employees...... Oil-works employees........ Rubber-factory workers.. Tobacco-iactory employOther workers. Blacksmith Dressmakers.. Led— Laborers... Milliners...................... Stationary engineers... Stationary firemen...... Transportation: Express-company employees.. Post-office employees............. Railroad transportation— Clerks and bookkeepers... Engineers and firemen— Laborers...................... Railroad trainmen... Other railroad employees. Road, street, and bridge trans portation— Chauffeurs...................... . Drivers........................... Garage employees.......... . Livery-stable employees. Street-railway employees. Other workers................ Telegraph and telephone em ployees.............................. Water transportation— Other workers. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and in surance— Insurance agents............. Office employees............ Real-estate employees___ Wholesale and retail trade— Butcher-shop employees.. Coal yards— Drivers.................. Other employees... Department stores— Drivers:................ Other employees... Drug-store employees.. Dry-goods-store employees Grocery-store employees.. Num ber unem ployed. 45 35 32 34 1 99 10 1 to 7 8 to 13 14 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 1 3 4 1 5 3 10 4 4 6 14 9 4 8 7 4 5 5 2 8 5 3 4 1 5 1 24 20 2 9 1 18 1 1 3 11 3 2 2 9 1 12 2 2 13 46 2 196 186 17 31 65 24 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 10 2 83 52 10 29 1 23 65 39 64 3 1 2 ............... ! i 1 2 14 3 22 2 3 2 5 5 5 1 1 17 7 2 2 7. 2 47 39 2 5 8 5 5 1 34 20 1 7 11 7 24 29 4 4 11 20 1 38 48 4 6 17 5 14 10 1 1 4 1 3 7 1 8 2 14 1 4 1 9 5 5 2 1 1 5 6 7 3 1 5 6 4 11 1 5 5 7 2 4 8 6 8 1 11 3 8 1 6 3 7 11 25 13 26 3 1 2 10 41 3 7 1 5 12 53 4 3 4 4 15 67 4 3 2 13 16 48 2 3 7 21 23 48 1 6 7 44 21 73 5 13 4 14 5 13 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 5 2 1 4 4 8 3 7 3 1 2 1 7 2 16 2 25 4 6 2 12 2 10 7 2 1 4 5 4 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 5 9 3 3 1 1 .. 1 108 347 20 40 26 105 2 2 4 2 2 1 21 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 3 9 16 1 9 4 8 12 1 2 1 3 1 10 7 5 9 1 9 3 1 2 1 4 2 3 1 1 8 20 2 2 13 26 9 39 64 1 6 8 34 3 1 5 11 4 3 1 2 2 17 1 25 5 3 27 3 3 13 2 21 3 1 17 24 2 1 7 16 2 3 47 7 1 20 97 190 13 1 20 128 17 1 5 1 19 24 2 5 6 3 2 65 1 2 1 1 2 5 1 1 17 21 9 10 5 4 5 6 7 1 18 5 8 1 3 4 2 25 UNEMPLOYMTUST^ TTST TTTTC UNITED STATES. T a b l e 4»— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT-Contd. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Trade—Concluded. Wholesale and retail trade— Concluded. Ice-wacon drivers............ M Merchants and dealers— M. Office e m p lo y e e s in stores— Clerks, bookkeepers, and messengers....... M. F. Stenographers a n d typewriters.. .......... M F. Other employees... .. M. F. Other employees. M Public service: City employees— Laborers......................... M Policemen...................... . M M Other employees__ r F Federal employees— Customhouse, Army, and Navy........-.................. M. Navy yard and arsenal M. employees........ . F. Maintenance oflaw and order: Watchmen, not elsewhere classified.......................... M. Professional service: Actors and theater employees. M. F. Motion-picture employees...... M. F. M u s ic ia n s ..................... M. F. Teachers............... ................ F. Trained nurses....................... F. Other workers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service: Servants... M. F. Personal service— Barbers and barbershop employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Hotel employees— Waiters and wait resses.. ................... M. F. Other employees........ M. F. Janitors, elevator con* ductors, and other build ing employees............... M. F. Laundry workers............. M. F. Restaurant employees— Waiters and wait M. resses......... . F. Other employees........ M. F. Saloonkeepers, bartend ers, ana other saloon employees................... M. M. 1 to 7 55 101 2 1 213 73 4 10 58 258 95 47 1 2 5 1 2 28 33 58 3 8 to 13 4 3 14 to 30 2 1 1 61 1 31 15 13 6 34 3 13 52 33 u 1 3 1 1 1 91 to 120 121 181 Not and re to 180 over. port ed. 1 12 8 23 8 14 14 17 15 17 4 9 20 5 29 15 32 14 23 15 40 12 47 8 14 1 5 18 8 7 2 9 26 7 13 2 11 60 26 9 2 10 29 25 3 1 7 51 7 5 1 10 51 10 7 4 13 8 1 3 2 1 1 3 5 4 6 4 4 5 4 5 12 6 6 15 2 1 4 2 3 2 8 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 4 4 14 11 8 14 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 1 6 3 3 2 6 5 4 2 3 4 1 6 3 2 1 9 2 2 8 4 2 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 2 5 7 1 5 9 10 2 1 4 2 4 16 17 11 3 61 to 90 3 8 1 5 3 31 to 60 1 15 1 7 1 3 14 5 1 4 3 2 34 446 1 14 12 2 51 4 102 1 72 9 67 7 62 6 50 64 3 3 1 6 4 1 19 10 9 12 2 49 2 68 7 3 6 3 9 14 8 7 2 9 1 19 2 6 3 11 1 9 10 2 37 3 29 63 1 1 7 12 1 8 2 1 2 1 2 6 2 1 7 18 9 5 5 6 13 1 5 4 7 1 1 1 2 1 28 24 31 8 2 2 1 3 3 3 1 6 6 11 1 5 2 7 1 4 4 3 4 2 3 2 5 3 5 1 109 30 8 3 3 13 2 22 6 9 1 21 5 15 7 18 4 2 1 26 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able 4.—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Concluded. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 91 to 120 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 121 Industry not specified. All < Males.. _ Females.. 10,069 2,481 175 53 151 50 817 1,307 1,687 1,406 1,843 2,264 274 423 491 376 312 377 419 125 Total......................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of un employment u n known.................... 12,550 228 201 1,091 1,730 2,178 1,782 2,155 2,641 544 Total unemployed. 14,147 1,597 PITTSBURGH, PA. Agricultural pursuits.. Extraction i ______ o__fTminerals: Coalminers.............. Other coal-mining employees. Otherworkersin extraction of minerals.............................. Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— Bricklayers...................... Building laborers............. Carpenters....................... Cement and concrete workers......................... Electricians.................. . Hod carriers..................... Painters, pai and decorat Plasterers....................... Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.......................... . Roofers............................ Other workers................. M. 36 1 M. M. 107 10 1 M. 11 M. M. M. 108 63 145 M. M. M. 15 64 20 M. M. M. M. M. Total.. Chemicalsandallied products. M. Clay, giass, and stone prod ucts— Glass-factory workers...... M. F. Other workers................. M. Clothing manufacture— Suit, coat, cloak, and overall workers............. M. F. Other workers.. M. F. Food and kindred products— Bakery workers............... M. F. Candy makers.. M. F. Other workers. M. P. Iron and steel and their prod ucts— Car-shop employees......... M. Iron-foundry workers....... M. 1 2 2 133 30 ........ 62 15 15 2 670 7 1 1 2 3 3 14 9 3 1 5 1 5 2 15 37 1 34 6 8 1 4 3 3 1 3 3 7 9 9 6 10 11 8 29 23 18 25 39 15 40 17 7 26 5 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 6 4 5 10 6 8 17 5 1 23 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 3 14 7 24 2 55 10 25 5 4 3 1 ...... 12 15 4 1 10 2 12 6 10 8 2 33 54 100 125 217 115 12 2 4 2 4 4 2 10 1 1 7 9 1 6 10 1 5 22 1 1 8 3 4 2 8 7 18 73 3 18 3 13 38 1 2 1 1 24 9 11 7 12 7 50 142 3 6 4 7 1 2 4 6 10 1 1 4 2 1 1 5 2 2 4 3 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 4 6 1 13 9 19 5 17 11 21 2 2 1 2 1 1 6 1 1 1 3 2 1 5 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 15 56 4 27 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T able 4.—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. PITTSBURGH, PA.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Concluded. Iron and steel and their prod ucts—Concluded. Iron and steel mills— Catchers.............. . M Craneman.. ____ M M. Laborers.................... M M. Puddlers...... ............. M R ollers.,.,................. M F, Other worker's........... M F. Wagon and carriage workers............ . M. Other workers.__ _____ M. F. L iq u o rs and b evera ges: Brewery workers................. M. Lumber and its remanufacM. F. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel: Brass and copper mill workers........................ M. Other workers.................. M. Printing and bookbinding— M. F. Textiles................................. M. Miscellaneous industries— Electrical supply workers. M. F. Laborers, not specified... M. Tobacco and cigar work ers........ ........................ M. F. Industry not specified: Em p loy ees..................... M. F. Transportation: Post-office employees............. M. Railroad transportation— Brakemenand conductors M. Engineers and firemen__ M. Other workers.................. M. F. Road, street, and b r id g e transportation— Chauffers......................... M. Drivers............................. M. Road, street, and bridge construction employees. M. Street-railway employees. M. Other workers.................. M. T elegraph and telephone emolovees.......... .................. . M. F. Watertransportation workers. M. Trade: Banking, Brokerage, and in surance employees.............. M. F. Wholesale and retail trade— Butcher-shop employees.. M. Department-store e m p loy ees......... ............. M. F. 1 to 7 8 to 13 7 28 17 92 62 41 49 1 690 2 3 170 7 1 17 1 47 7 445 94 159 1 190 19 1 31 1 24 3 # 29 1 44 1 3 X 4 1 2 3 4 4 1 8 5 2 5 6 7 4 1 4 5 4 1 4 5 7 7 3 8 3 1 2 7 9 7 3 7 10 x 14 1 95 13 4 131 1 1 6 10 2 5 10 1 7 31 74 3 14 1 22 2 1 5 2 1 3 5 5 3 10 X x 2 1 2 1 3 7 4 1 15 40 48 4 1 78 1 2 3 2 1 4 8 2 2 2 3 x 5 1 23 3 49 3 51 13 40 6 77 5 98 3 9 1 1 2 2 5 4 1 80 24 85 4 1 2 x 1 2 1 1 1 19 25 14 1 31 28 71 2 7 1 106 X 3 2 2 2 x 1 6 13 1 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 1 11 6 34 17 14 9 1 6 13 9 1 9 358 35 22 13 15 91 to 120 5 3 1 17 14 14 12 3 2 61 to 90 1 2 1 9 7 4 5 1 15 18 42 216 31 to 60 1 36 13 11 37 39 12 18 14 to 30 1 1 1 32 x x 2 1 1 5 7 2 11 14 4 13 1 15 2 10 18 7 21 1 24 6 22 2 5 33 9 39 3 42 12 47 10 29 3 3 1 2 8 2 1 5 1 8 2 2 1 4 3 2 2 2 1 4 3 3 4 2 4 2 2 3 8 3 x 5 3 2 1 3 1 5 1 5 7 4 8 1 1 1 6 4 6 6 1 2 3 2 11 10 19 4 11 2 13 5 4 4 28 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le 4 .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. PITTSBURGH, PA.—Concluded. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Num ber unem ployed. 91 to 120 181 to and 180 over. 121 Not re port ed. Trade—Concluded. Wholesale and retail trade— Concluded. Drug-store employees----Dry-goods-store employ ees................................ Grocery-store employees.. Other forms of trade— Canvassers, co lle cto rs , and solicitors............... Clerks,cashiers, and book keepers..................... Drivers.. Laborers. Salesmen.............. Saleswomen........ Stenographers___ Other employees. 10 2 201 41 46 17 13 3 42 38 12 27 58 3 10 1 1 Public service: State and municipal employ ees..................................... Professional service: Public entertainers.............. Other workers.. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service.................. Personal service— Barbers........................... Bartenders and saloon porters........................ . Elevator conductors, jani tors, and other building attendants.................... Hotel employees............. Laundry workers........... Restaurant employees... Other workers................ Industry not specified................. 10 All occupations: Males............. Females........ 678 13 Total.. Industry, occupation, sex, and days of unemployment un known .................. 5,511 82 Total unemployed.. 5,492 431 65 278 54 523 90 731 184 332 613 915 108 1,117 1,202 92 101 160 29 1,218 1,294 189 29 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 4 . —NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. ST. LOUIS, M O. Number of persons unemployed each classified number nf Amm Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— Brw lftyw?.. . . . . . . . . . . T Bnild^pg laborer?*.. . , , . __ Carpenters....................... Cement and concrete workers......................... Hod Painters, paper hangers, and decorator^. Plasterers........ Plumbers......................... Roofers........ ................... Structural-iron workers... Tile layers....................... Other workers.. . . . . . . . . . . Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 8 to 13 1 M F 103 1 2 M, M M, 322 9 M2 2 1 5 5 M, M 70 67 5 M M M M M. M M. 365 98 1.75 36 76 14 43 3 3 1 2 3 1,817 16 17 38 29 1 Total............................. Chemicals and allied prod u cts.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... M. F. Clay,glass,and stoneproducts— Brickyard workers.. . . . . . M. Glass-ractory workers....... M. Terra-cotta workers. . . . . . M. Other workers.................. M. Clothing manufacture— Shirt, collar, and cuff m akers....................... M. F. Suits, cloaks, and overallfrTailors.............. ....... M. Other workers............ M. F. Waist, underwear, and neo-ktfe makers............. M. F. M. Other workers.. . . . . . . F. Food and kindred products— Bakers............................. M. Other bakery workers— M. F. Candy m a k e rs .......... M. F. Slaughter and packing M. house w ork ers....... F. Other workers.................. M. F. Iron and steel and their prod ucts— Automobile workers........ M. Car-shop workers— Car ouilders.............. M. Carpenters................ M. Laborers.................... M. Machinists.. . . . . . . . . . M. Painters..................... M. Other workers.. . . . . . . M. Hardware-factory workers. M. F. Iron foundries— Molders...................... M. Other workers........... M. l to 7 16 136 34 84 1 1 14 to 30 1 31 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 6 1 6 9 49 22 7 8 16 21 37 52 1 67 45 1 96 127 3 181 62 4 113 17 3 6 4 4 7 3 15 6 23 27 12 18 1 2 12 7 7 7 9 23 17 38 3 12 6 4 58 22 33 3 9 2 7 149 33 46 8 15 2 12 73 10 30 7 19 1 10 18 3 4 4 3 28 6 16 4 6 1 4 83 126 233 297 626 359 60 6 4 7 6 3 2 6 4 6 4 10 6 2 12 9 4 67 8 8 7 12 17 14 4 12 3 13 1 9 4 25 23 2 10 2 1 3 3 2 7 2 7 2 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 3 9 1 1 1 15 27 2 47 30 13 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 7 3 1 9 7 3 12 4 2 12 10 4 22 81 8 1 3 5 4 10 1 1 2 12 4 12 1 1 16 5 9 2 6 14 3 1 2 1 1 19 1 1 2 4 12 6 2 12 6 3 1 4 1 4 14 7 2 2 12 1 1 5 6 9 5 4 2 2 5 3 3 1 8 1 3 2 6 11 1 62 3 5 36 32 1 1 7 8 37 1 32 9 1 32 1 1 6 7 7 7 3 68 44 81 21 23 84 25 10 1 4 1 1 1 1 4 9 4 3 12 1 3 13 13 17 7 4 28 1 4 44 12 33 4 1 1 1 1 3 6 3 4 6 3 2 1 7 4 20 7 1 4 4 15 3 9 9 7 2 110 127 2 2 1 2 6 4 10 10 11 19 16 16 44 34 18 36 1 1 1 3 3 2 4 30 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T ab le 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT-Contd. ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical Industrie®—Continued. Iron and steel and their prod ucts—Concluded. Iron and steel mill work ers................................ Ship and boat yard work ers................................ Stove-factory workers— Wagon and carriage manumcture— Painters................... . Other workers........... Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 142 Other iron and steel in dustries— Machinists................. Other workers........... Leather and it s finished prod ucts— Shoe factories— Cutters...................... Edge setters and trim mers....................... Finishers................... Heelers...................... Stitchers.................... Other woijkers........... Other workers................ . Liquors and beverages— Beer bpttlers.................. . Brewery drivers.............. Other brewery workers... Distillery and otherbever age workers.................. Lumber and its remanufac ture— Furniture factories— Cabinetmakers.......... Upholsterers.............. Other workers........... Saw and planing mill workers......................... Wooden-box makers........ Other woodworking in dustries— Coopers...................... Other workers............ Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Tinware factories— Tin-can makers.......... 1 to 7 2 1 2 1 1 1 31 to 60 11 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 11 14 21 37 39 8 9 1 8 2 15 4 22 8 22 1 3 6 4 5 3 11 14 8 3 15 2 6 6 1 3 3 9 2 7 3 13 1 1 13 5 22 9 22 1 4 162 7 2 3 10 21 26 2 26 2 34 2 38 2 1 39 8 3 1 6 1 o 2 1 5 3 2 5 10 4 12 2 7 2 1 7 11 75 10 1 7 20 104 2 5 7 9 107 7 2 19 2$ 121 8 6 11 42 166 14 1 20 2 9 3 2 20 14 4 16 2 1 1 3 8 4 1 1 2 9 10 9 1 2 1 2 11 3 19 9 23 6 9 1 1 1 1 7 3 4 5 3 13 6 2 10 6 3 12 19 3 25 5 5 3 7 2 4 4 10 6 12 2 1 9 3 5 4 2 7 1 13 2 12 7 8 11 3 1 4 1 3 4 1 7 13 11 7 7 6 1 5 24 3 17 58 124 654 54 1 1 1 2 1 11 54 3 27 103 1 15 2 2 8 1 I 1 4 3 1 1 1 5 9 46 10 21 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 8 1 3 1 1 Other workers........... Other workers.................. 14 to 30 8 to 13 1 1 2 1 25 1 9 1 3 1 19 14 1 1 2 1 6 1 1 31 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b le 4.—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT-Contd. ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 1 to 7 8 to 13 Manufacturing and mechanical Industrie*—Concluded. Paper and paper products— Envelope, tag, and paper-bag makers............. Paper-box workers. 3 1 1 1 14 to 30 2 1 1 Other workers........ 31 to 60 10 4 61 to 90 91 to 120 1 2 2 4 4 2 1 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 1 1 6 1 3 1 3 9 4 3 1 2 2 1 16 1 5 1 8 1 6 1 2 3 24 1 6 3 2 2 3 5 3 9 5 1 3 3 1 P rinti„„----------------- „ Bookbindery employees.. 1 Compositors and printers. 1 3 3 9 2 7 2 7 Textiles.................... 3 3 1 1 Miscellaneous industries— Cigar-factory employees.. 2 2 2 2 6 4 4 8 4 4 1 11 Electric light and power company’s employees... Electrical supply workers. 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 3 5 5 2 5 2 40 3 4 6 8 74 2 5 9 6 68 8 2 8 3 96 3 5 15 2 124 2 2 5 1 5 27 3 143 8 10 49 1 4 7 1 12 85 14 129 1 4 6 6 7 3 16 120 15 216 2 2 6 6 3 3 37 212 8 1 3 1 Press feeders___ Other employees, Gas-company employees.. Tobacco-factory workers.. Other workers............. and horseLaborers.. Milliners.. Stationary engineers.. Stationary firemen. Other workers. Transportation: Ex 581 28 114 874 4 38 57 26 32 18 Engineers and firemen__ Trackmen and switchmen Other workers.................. Road, street, and bridge trans portation— Chauffeurs........................ Drivers............................. Garage employees............ Livery-stable workers___ Street-cleaning workers... Street-railway employees. Other workers, Telegraph and Operators. Other employees.. Water transportation., 2 2 4 12 2 4 3 2 1 1 1 #### 1 2 Other employees. Post-office employees. Railroad transportation— Clerks, bookkeepers, and stenographers........ . 1 1 1 17 1 4 1 9 116 6 29 49 142 2 3 1 2 1 1 54 537 3 7 2 6 20 17 67 22 55 16 31 26 4 20 2 3 2 1 1 I 1 1 1 3 7 2 2 16 9 3 2 1 3 5 1 . 1 6 8 1 1 5 1 3 1 10 5 2 5 12 3 8 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 3 3 1 7 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 10 13 4 7 26 22 1 5 4 16 14 1 3 6 14 1 127 2 5 10 30 3 41 2 1 5 2 2 6 73 2 3 2 1 8 13 74 3 1 6 2 10 8 75 4 10 136 5 2 17 7 12 4 2 3 8 5 2 i 1 1 1 5 12 8 5 7 2 16 2 6 5 4 2 4 2 5 1 6 I1 8* 8 3 5 4 2 ‘9 1 15 4 47 7 1 1 1 2 34 11 14 38 1 9 113 4 8 19 5 13 5 4 8 5 4 6 12 1 1 1 2 5 1 1 32 BULLETIN" OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le 4 . - NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 1 to 7 14 to 30 8 to 13 91 121 181 Not to to and re 120 J 180 over. port ed. 61 to 90 31 to 60 Trade: Banking, brokerage, and inemployees...... . M F Wholesale and retail trade— Butcher-shop employees.. M. F Departm ent-store em ployees.......................... M F. Drug-store employees....... M F Dry-goods-store employees M. F. Grocery-store employees.. M. F. Merchants and dealers___ M. Other employees.............. M. F. Public service: City employees— Laborers.......................... Other employees.............. Public defense— Policemen, d etectiv es, and guards.................. Watchmen....................... Other workers........................ 26 5 20 44 1 33 1 84 1 83 3 4 135 11 ........ 2 130 15 587 222 5 37 40 M. M. M. F. 7 42 26 1 M. F. Other workers.................. M. F. Teachers................................ M. F. Trained nurses....................... F. Other workers...................... M. F. 23 4 22 8 2 10 33 35 5 Public entertainers— Musicians.............. ...... 1 1 2 7 1 2 1 3 2 8 2 4 9 1 12 10 12 13 1 4 3 5 7 13 6 5 10 6 1 5 7 3 13 1 ........ 8 7 56 2 16 10 9 18 2 17 68 37 17 33 28 3 18 93 41 14 9 18 1 18 81 29 1 2 2 3 5 8 3 5 12 4 12 14 2 3 1 4 1 3 3 1 e 5 6 2 2 5 5 1 17 8 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 6 1 4 1 1 6 1 9 3 2 3 2 2 6 4 1 2 61 1 M. M Professional service: 1 2 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 1 7 7 3 6 6 1 1 1 4 7 2 2 9 1 7 1 2 45 3 4 71 6 5 106 3 6 71 1 6 96 4 9 119 3 61 6 3 4 7 5 5 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 6 8 2 3 2 2 1 1 8 3 1 7 1 3 1 1 6 2 7 14 18 1 5 4 59 4 7 32 2 7 44 3 9 59 1 4 3 1 5 5 2 5 2 3 2 5 2 2 Domestic and personal service: Domestic service— Servants.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Washerwomen................. F. Personal service— Barbers............................ M. Other workers in barber shops............................ M. F. Hotel employees— Cooks......................... M. F. Waiters...................... M. Other employees........ M. F. Janitors, elevator conduc tors, and cleaners in buildings...................... M. F. Laundries— Ironers....................... M. F. Other workers........... M. F. Restaurant e nployees— Waiters....... ............. M. F. Other e nployees....... M. F. 35 587 24 8 29 1 12 5 2 25 6 20 12 7 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 58 5 3 20 41 319 11 26 14 7 2 9 1 1 1 5 2 6 5 1 4 10 1 1 10 ' *24* .......2 11 2 9 20 28 3 2 2 22 31 14 112 132 23 45 36 11 1 6 3 2 2 6 2 5 1 1 4 37 2 3 9 61 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 12 1 1 33 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T ab le 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OP UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. ST. LOUIS, MO.—Concluded* Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. 8 to 13 1 to 7 14 to 30 31 to 00 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not and re to 180 over. port ed. Domestic and personal service— Concluded. Personal service—Concluded. Saloon keepers, bartend ers, etc.......................... Other workers................. 139 86 6 1 9,770 2,685 177 67 Total......................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of un employment un known....................... 12,455 244 ‘Total unemployed. 14,219 All occupations: Males........... Females....... 1,764 1 29 23 3 4 2 102 34 649 1,110 1,386 1,417 2,367 2,247 239 376 474 383 415 545 315 152 136 888 1,486 1,860 1,800 2,782 2,792 467 2 10 4 2 20 11 32 8 15 14 26 24 0 BRIDGEPORT, CONN. 2 M. 17 M. M. F. Clothing manufacture............ M. F. Food and kindred products... M. Iron and steel and their prod ucts..................................... M. F. Leather and its finished prod ucts.................. -................ M. Liquors and beverages........... M. Lumber andits remanufacture F. Metals and metal products other than iron ana steel— M. Printing and bookbinding— M. Textiles.................................. M. F. M. Miscellaneous industries. F. 94 2 3 6 22 7 2 85 3 2 Agricultural pursuits.................... Manufacturing and mechanical Industries: Buitf Chemic Transportation: 10 8 6 2 46 46 1 6 M. M. Trade.............................................. M. F. 14 3 39 11 Public service: 1 1 2 1 8 5 3 15 31 1 1 377 123 10 4 500 14 Total unemployed. 32656°—Bull. 195—16----- 3 37 537 13 20 1 6 2 3 4 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 2 5 8 1 17 8 7 1 34 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 7 6 5 12 1 1 2 1 4 5 6 4 10 1 1 17 9 1 3 3 3 7 9 3 2 3 2 1 4 1 4 2 10 3 1 2 5 2 7 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 1 5 3 1 1 2 1 1 3 Males............................ Females........................ Total...................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of unemployment un known....................... 11 1 M. Professional service...................... M. F. Domestic and personal service.. M. F. All occupations: 1 6 16 1 1 M. Public administration........... Public defense and mainte nance of law and order........ 1 5 9 14 1 ...... 1 2 1 1 F. M. Post, telegraph, and telephone Railroad transportation........ Road, street, and bridge trans portation............................. Water transportation............. 1 10 3 3 1 1 5 1 1 2 2 1 4 5 15 31 10 46 17 74 22 35 16 48 21 113 30 15 1 41 63 96 51 69 143 16 i ........ !....... i 34 BULLETIN OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b le 4 .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unemr ployed. 91 to 120 Agricultural pursuits. Extraction or miners 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. M. Mining._____________ Quarrying.............................. Salt, oil, and natural gas pro duction............................... Manufacturing and mechanical Industries: Building trades..................... Chemicals and allied products. Clay, glass, and stone prod ucts Clothing manufacture............ Food and kindred products... Iron and steel and their prod ucts.................................... Leather and its finished prod ucts..................................... Liquors and beverages.......... Lumber and its remanufac ture..................................... Metals and metal products Paper and paper products— Printing and bookbinding.. . . Textiles............................. Miscellaneous industries... 1 77 568 11 2 143 31 66 89 18 10 1 390 7 84 17 9 9 36 29 4 11 4 33 3 8 7 147 Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone Railroad transportation........ Road, street, and bridge transportation................... . Water transportation........... . Trade............................................. Public service.. Domestic and personal service.. Industry not spcified................ AO 6 4 74 121 26 180 82 44 35 5 67 125 14 Males.. Females.. 1,937 Total..................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of unemployment un known....................... 2,266 Total unemployed. 2,348 59 50 163 43 272 55 270 74 306 36 400 33 345 51 94 15 206 327 344 342 433 396 109 82 l..............- 35 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T ab le 4.—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. DULUTH, MINN. Number of persons unemployed each classified number or days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 91 to 120 M. 3 M. 16 M. M. M. M. F. Food and kindred products... M. F. Iron and steel and their prod ucts..................................... M. F. Liquors and beverages........... M. Lumber and its remanufacture..................................... M. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel.... M. Paper and paper products___ M. Printing and bookbinding___ M. M. Miscellaneous industries... F. 99 1 2 2 1 4 2 Post, telegraph, and telephone M. F. M. Railroad transportation Road, street, and bridge trans lation, M. M. M. Trade., F. 1 2 44 Public administration............ M. Public defense and mainte nance of law and order........ M. Professional service.................... M. F. Domestic and personal service. M. F. 2 Agricultural pursuits....... Extraction of minerals: M in in g _____ Manufacturing and mechanical Building trades...................... Chemicals and allied products. Clay, glass, and stone products Clothing manufacture........ Transportation: Public service: All occupations: Males.. 15 2 4 10 2 2 3 18 3 24 23 48 31 2 8 3 11 11 344 55 25 27 Total...................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of unemployment un known....................... 26 Total unemployed. 425 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 103 9 14 36 95 112 55 36 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. KANSAS CITY, M O. Number o! persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. ber Sex. unem ployed. Agricultural pursuits.................... Extraction of minerals: M in in g ........................................... Quarrying.............................. Salt, oil, and natural gas pro duction............................... M. Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades..................... Chemicals and allied products. Clay, glass, and stone products Clothing manufacture............ Food and kindred products... Iron and steel and their prodLeather and its finished prod ucts................................... . Liquors and beverages........... Lumber and its remanufac ture................................... . Metals and metal products other than iron and steel.... Paper and paper products___ Printing and bookbinding___ T ex tiles........................... Miscellaneous industries... Transportation: Express companies................ Post, telegraph, and telephone Railroad transportation........ Road, street, and bridge transportation..................... Trade............................................. Public service: 1 to 7 8 to 13 14 to 30 31 to 60 1 17 3 4 7 1 1 1 2 61 to 90 91 to 120 5 2 1 5 1 2 1 1 2 773 3 47 12 4 168 20 15 57 2 2 1 1 5 1 8 1 6 3 2 10 15 156 163 1 10 2 2 26 1 68 55 7 1 1 1 12 1 3 1 7 10 1 32 5 36 3 2 5 11 13 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 6 1 1 9 6 3 4 3 1 1 2 1 1 6 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 139 1 1 176 1 7 13 4 2 1 22 *'*3i' 6 2 6 1 1 2 2 1 77 1 9 1 1 2 13 9 1 3 94 21 3 1 72 1 1 1 5 8 4 30 1 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 14 5 15 1 20 2 2 1 1 2 10 9 2 1 16 7 1 7 3 2 2 15 1 3 20. 2 4 3 30 1 2 25 2 2 21 1 25 1 10 263 10 206 10 18 ........ 3 4 1 25 37 43 19 3 ...... 47 48 4 55 28 3 61 24 3 15 22 4 10 8 2 4 2 6 4 1 1 6 2 30 121 1 2 3 2 31 101 5 3 2 13 41 4 10 5 5 39 1 1 11 49 25 4 15 27 15 160 557 3 1 1 6 18 1 12 25 64 1 1 3 2 38 112 1 Males............ Females........ 2,118 673 72 29 27 13 250 76 268 125 397 148 404 118 374 53 217 57 109 54 Total..................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of unemployment un known....................... 2,791 101 40 326 393 545 522 427 274 163 Total unemployed. 2,815 Public administration............ Public defense and mainte nance of law and order........ Professional service...................... Domestic and personal service.. Industry not spcified................ All occupations: 24 2 2 1 ........ i......... ........ 1......... i ........ i......... 1 37 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T ab le 4 .— NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. LOUISVILLE, KY. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 91 to 120 Agricultural pursuits: Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades..................... Chemicals and allied products. Clay, glass, and stoneprodw" Clothing manufacture........ Food and kindred products... Iron and steel and their prod ucts.................................... Leather and its finished prod ucts.................................... Liquors and beverages........... 10 121 to 180 181 Not re and port ed. 14 12 1 10 Lumber and its remanufac ture..................................... Metals and metal products other than iron ana steel.... Paper and paper products... Printing and bookbinding— Textiles.......................... Miscellaneous industries. Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone. Railroad transportation......... Road, street, and bridge transportation.................... Water transportation............. Trade............................................. Public service........... Professional service.. Domestic and personal service.. All occupations: Males............ Total...................... Industry, occupation, sex, ana days of unem ployment unknown... Total unemployed.. 356 43 32 6 13 74 19 13 25 60 42 41 46 72 38 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able 4 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT-Contd. MILWAUKEE^ WIS» Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem 1 ployed. to 7 4 1 2 Building trades.................... M. Chemicals and allied products. M Clothing manufacture.., M F Food and kindred products... M. F Iron and steel and their prod ucts................................... . M. F. Leatherand its finished prod ucts................................... . M. F. Liquors and beverages........... M F. Lumber and its remanufac ture................................... . M. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel.... M. Paper and paper products__ M. F. Printing and bookbinding. M. F. Textiles................................ . M. F. Miscellaneous industries........ M. F. 220 3 7 4 18 3 1 30 1 M in in g ........................................... Q uarrying................................. Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Transportation: Post, telegraph,and telephone. M. F. Railroad transportation......... M. Road, street, and bridge transportation.................... M. Water transportation............ M. Trade............................................. M. F. Public service: Public administration........... M. Public defense and mainte nance of law and order........ M. Professional service..................... M. F. Domestic and personal service... M. F. Industry not spoiled................ M. 30 1 2 1 4 1 4 2 2 2 3 52 18 15 1 1 1 1 2 2 13 2 2 16 1 1 1 1 1 5 20 1 6 5 3 6 162 24 1 5 1 4 1 10 1 1 41 4 71 22 4 2 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 14 2 3 1 1 1 1 4 923 29 Total unemployed. 1,030 107 1 3 1 97 2 2 4 6 7 1 6 3 4 8 2 '4 3 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 25 3 24 5 1 3 45 1 2 15 2 1 1 2 4 2 14 2 5 4 6 2 2 2 5 5 4 3 2 1 39 4 32 7 1 1 1 2 14 3 2 2 3 6 1 6 3 11 6 11 4 6 1 8 5 15 3 15 2 3 3 5 1 1 1 1 5 3 3 8 4 4 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 1 1 1 1 12 T ota l........................ 1 18 24 5 Industry, occupation, sex, and days of un employment unknown 91 to 120 1 1 793 130 Males............ 61 to 90 9 1 Fem ales......... 31 to 60 4 1 2 22 2 30 42 33 All occupations: 14 to 30 1 M M M Agricultural pursuits................... Extraction of minerals: 8 to 13 1 *6 1 5 4 2 5 1 7 8 6 2 4 5 5 7 11 4 1 8 4 2 1 9 6 9 28 11 74 15 109 20 107 22 204 17 155 17 83 23 9 39 89 129 129 221 172 106 2 39 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T& b l e 4 . — NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OP UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Extraction of minerals: Quarrying.................................................... M Mantfacturing and mechanical industries: Bijfldfrlg trad<WClay,glass,and stoneproducts. niotnmg fnftitiifftfrtnmr Food and kindred products.. 1 to 7 4 2 1 M 28 3 M. M. 2 8 M. M. F. Printing and bookbinding___ M. Textiles.................................. M. F. Miscellaneous industries......... M. F. 15 4 2 1 3 1 30 5 Post, telegraph,and telephone. M. Railroad transportation......... M. Road, street, and bridge transportation............. M. F. Trade.............................................. M. F. 6 27 Public service: Public administration............ M. Public defense and mainte nance of law and order....... M. Professional service............. . M. F. Domestic and personal service... M. F. Iiuinatry not spcMied.. . . . . . . . . . . . M. All occupations: 31 to 60 61 to 90 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 2 6 1 6 14 15 24 9 3 1 4 1 4 2 3 1 4 4 1 4 9 3 4 1 6 1 2 5 1 2 32 2 45 18 64 2 9 3 34 24 21 91 to 120 1 82 1 2 21 2 Transportation: 14 to 30 1 M M M M. F Iron and steel and their prod ucts..................................... Leather and its finished prod ucts..................................... Liquors and beverages........... Lumber and its remanufaoture................................... Paper and paper products___ 8 to 13 . 1 2 1 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 7 4 6 6 4 3 3 5 1 1 2 11 1 1 2 1 5 3 1 7 2 3 2 1 4 10 9 1 2 1 2 2 10 1 6 3 5 6 6 4 1 1 2 1 1 9 1 4 37 12 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 7 6 1 2 1 8 2 2 1 1 4 2 7 5 1 3 4 2 4 2 1 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 Males............................ Females........................ 438 57 11 5 14 5 50 8 48 8 65 13 71 5 119 3 43 8 17 2 Total unemployed 495 16 19 58 56 78 76 122 51 19 40 B U L L E T IN OF TTXE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able 4.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. ST. PAUL, MINN. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. Agricultural pursuits.................. Extraction o f minerals.............. . Manufacturing and mechanical Industries: Building trades.................... Chemicals and allied products Olay, glass, and stoneproducts. Clothing manufacture............ Food and Idndred products... Iron and steel and their prod ucts..................................... Leather and its finished prod ucts..................................... Liquors and beverages........... Lumber and its remanufacture..................................... Metals and motal products other than iron and steel. Paper and paper products...... Printing and bookbinding___ Textiles.......................... Miscellaneous industries. Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone Railroad transportation......... Road, street, and bridge trans portation............................. Trade........................................... Public service........... Professional scrvice. Domestic and personal service.. All occupations: Males........... Females....... Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 120 134 3 2 8 21 181 Not re to and port 180 over. ed. 121 27 10 1 5 12 16 5 4 12 4 4 11 1 3 31 5 5 8 3S 38 45 22 14 12 2 29 10 434 03 Total...................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of unem ployment unknown... 497 Total unemployed.. 5X2 91 to to 13 85 10 17 10 G4 48 91 72 91 10 13 3 78 16 41 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. Table 4*—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Ccaitd. SPRINGFIELD, M O. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. Agricultural pursuits. Extraction of minerals: duction, Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades..................... Clay, glass, and stone products Clothing manufacture............ Food and kindred products... Iron and steel and their prod ucts................................... . Lumber and its remanulac- ture...... ..................... Printing and bookbinding---Miscellaneous industries....... Transportation Railroad transportation Road, street, and bridge trans portation................ water transportation. Trade.............................. Public service: Public administration.......... Public defense and mainte nance of law and order ....... Professional service................... Domestic and personal service. Industry not specified................. All occupations: Males............ Females........ 130 20 Total. 150 *ployment 5' *-unknown i . 12 Total unemployed 102 19 33 19 21 17 23 42 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T ab le 4 .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT; CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Contd. TOLEDO, OHIO. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Num Industry and occupation. Sex. ber 91 to ployed. 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. Agricultural pursuits....... Extraction of minerals: Salt, oil, and natural gas pro duction.............................. Manufacturing and mechanical Building trades.................. Chemicals and allied products. Clay, glass, and stone prod ucts................................... Clothing manufacture........ Food and kindred products... Iron and steel and their prod ucts................................... . Leather and its finished prod ucts................................... . Liquors and beverages........... Lumber and its remanulacture................................... . Metals and metal products other than iron and steel... Printing and bookbinding. . . . Textiles............................. Miscellaneous industries... Post, telegraph, and telephone. Railroad transportation.. 13 I ll 3 1 2 7 2 9 4 199 6 5 5 3 14 12 8 1 177 19 11 3 2 2 14 Road, street, and bridge trans portation Water transportation., Trade.............................. . 15 19 Public service: Public administration.......... . Public defense and maintetenance of law and order— Professional service................ Domestic and personal service.. 18 120 972 pioyment unwnown. 130 Total unemployed. 1,102 11 121 122 30 152 109 146 18 189 7 130 10 37 13 164 196 140 50 43 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T able 4 .— NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OP UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded. WILKES-BARRE, PA. Number of persons unemployed each classified number o f days* Industry and occupation. Num Sex. ber ployed. Agricultural pi Extraction or minerals................ Manufacturing and mechanical 3 401 Building trades...................... Chemicals and allied products. 159 i, and stone products Clay Clotl. _.w Food and kindred products... Iron and steel and their prod ucts..................................... Leather and its finished prod ucts. Liquors and beverages........... Metals and metal products other than iron ana steel— Printing and bookbinding— Textiles............................. Miscellaneous industries. Industries not specified.......... Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone Railroad transportation......... Road, street, and bridge trans portation............................. Other forms of transportation. Trade: Wholesale and retail trade___ 91 to 120 21 15 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 52 42 13 24 86 6 1 3 10 2 13 1 5 3 2 22 89 14 7 32 7 2 33 Clerical assistants. Public service: Public administration........... Public defense and mainte nance of law and order........ Professional service.................... Domestic and personal service.. All occupations: Males............ Females........ 939 146 Total...................... Industry, occupation, sex.and days ofunemploymentunknown. 1,085 Total unemployed.. 1,200 115 34 37 138 28 158 26 163 127 21 117 137 16 166 184 183 148 140 153 37 1 44 BULLETIN OP THE BUBEATT OF LABOR STATISTICS. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES IN SELECTED CITIES AND OCCUPATIONS. The following table has been prepared to give the approximate unemployment rates in certain occupations for the cities of Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis. The table gives for each city the estimated total number of unemployed persons in each of certain specified occupations and the per cent that such number is of the total number of wage earners in that occupation. Only those occupations have been included for which the data necessary to compute the percentages of unemployment were avail able. For each city, the estimated number of people engaged in each of the various occupations, which was used as the base for computing the percentages given, was secured from the report of the 1910 census1 by making proper allowance for increase in population since 1910. The occupations presented in the table are the only ones of importance which were found to be classified cn the same basis as the data secured in the unemployment surveys. T a b l e 5 . — ESTIMATED NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED WAGE EARNERS AND PER CENT UNEMPLOYED IN EACH OF CERTAIN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, BY SEX. BOSTON. MASS. Males. Females. Total. Occupation. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Building trades: Bricklayers and stonemasons.............. Carpenters.......................................... Painters and paper hangers................ Plasterers................... ........................ Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.......... 428 1,425 983 108 724 23.3 19.2 18.0 19.0 27.7 428 1,425 983 108 724 23.3 19.2 18.0 19.0 27.7 Total.......................................... 3,668 20.5 3,668 20.5 Bakers....................................................... Bartenders................................................. Chauffeurs................................................. Cigar makers and tobacco workers............ Cooks......................................................... ........................................... Dressmakers.. Laborers.................................................... Longshoremen and stevedores................... Machinists................................................. Marble and stone cutters........................... Stenographers and typewriters.................. Waiters and waitresses.............................. 108 155 315 89 174 7.0 13.6 22.1 6.2 7.2 4,539 367 1,082 122 85 221 16.1 14.7 15.8 24.8 12.5 5.9 108 155 315 131 207 320 4,539 367 1,082 122 598 404 7.0 13.6 22.1 6.9 3.8 4.4 16.1 14.7 15.8 24.8 9.4 5.5 Total, selected occupations............... 10,925 16.0 1,091 5.4 12,016 13.6 All occupations.......................................... 27,910 11.4 7,813 7.3 35,723 10.2 42 33 320 9.4 1.1 4.4 513 183 9.0 5.1 " * Occupation Statistics, U. S. Census of 1910, Vol. IV. 45 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES* T a b le 5 .— ESTIMATED NUMBER OP UNEMPLOYED WAGE EARNERS AND PER CENT UNEMPLOYED IN EACH OP CERTAIN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, BY SEX-C ontd. CHICAGO, ILL. Males. Total. Females. Occupation. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Building trades: Bricklayers and stonemasons.............. Carpenter?........ . ...... ....... Painters and paper hangers................ Plasterers................ ....... ................... Plumbers, gas and steam fitters......... 2,827 6,485 3,676 1,114 2,266 35.6 24.2 20.8 52.1 29.8 2,827 6,495 3,676 1,114 2,266 35.6 24.2 20.8 52.1 29.8 Total.......................................... 16,378 26.3 16,378 26.3 Bakers........ ............................................... Bartenders........... .......................- ............ Chauffeurs.......... ...................................... Cigar makers and tobacco workers............ Dressmakers............................................. Laborers.................................................... Longshoremen and stevedores................... Machinists................................................ Marble ^ stone cutters........................... Stenographers and typewriters.................. 743 1,129 765 447 13.9 18.4 30.9 13.8 23,585 288 6,518 197 83 15.2 43.1 24.9 17.0 2.4 30 1,129 2.3 6.7 2,122 8.8 743 1.129 765 477 1.129 23,585 288 6,518 197 2,205 13.9 18.4 30.9 10.5 6.7 15.2 43.1 24.9 17.0 7.9 Total, selected occupations............ . 50,133 18.8 3,281 7.7 53,414 17.3 All occupations.......................................... 121,607 14.3 26,472 10.0 148,079 13.3 PHILADELPHIA, PA. Building trades: Bricklayers and stonemasons.............. Carpenters.......................................... Painters and paper hangers................ Plasterers.......................................... Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.......... 1,517 2,717 2,082 597 1,752 28.7 20.7 21.0 43.1 27.4 1,517 2,717 2,082 597 1,752 28.7 20.7 21.0 43.1 27.4 Total................................................ 8,665 24.0 8,665 24.0 Bakers....................................................... Bartenders................................................. Chauffeurs................................................ Cigar makers and tobacco workers............ Dressmakers.............................................. Laborers.................................................... Longshoremen and stevedores................... Machinists................................................. Marble ynd stone cutters........................... Stenographers and typewriters.................. Waiters and waitresses.............................. 298 686 686 349 7.3 17.4 34.9 13.2 12,342 502 3,670 381 95 489 18.3 15.1 17.1 36.0 5.2 9.6 7.3 17.4 34.9 11.1 8.9 18.3 15.1 17.1 36.0 5.9 7.9 Total, selected occupations............... 28,163 All occupations.......................................... 63,921 235 1,244 9.0 8.9 502 165 6.0 5.2 298 686 686 584 1,244 12,342 502 3,670 381 597 654 18.9 2,146 7.7 30,309 17.1 11.5 15,758 7.2 79,679 10.3 PITTSBURGH, PA. Building trades: Bricklayers and stonemasons.............. Carpenters........ ................................. Painters ami paper hangers................ Plasterers........................................... Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.......... 548 736 675 152 315 30.7 17.2 22.8 30.9 18.5 548 736 675 152 315 30.7 17.2 22.8 30.9 18.5 Total................................................ 2,426 21.6 2,426 21.6 122 142 213 167 71 188 5,341 1,061 218 11.5 9.9 33.1 7.0 3.9 5.2 9.4 18.2 4.7 122 11.5 Bakers....................................................... 142 9.9 Bartenders................................................. 213 33.1 Chauffeurs................................................. 76 11.1 Cigar makers and tobacco workers............ 91 9.6 Cooks......................................................... 56 15 188 Dressmakers.............................................. 9.4 5,341 Laborers.................................................... 18.2 1,061 Machinists................................................. 6.5 Stenographers typewriters.................. 61 157 5.4 1.2 5.2 4.3 Total, selected occupations............... 9,498 12.0 451 4.4 9,949 11.1 All occupations.......................................... 24,449 12.5 3,437 6.2 27,886 11.1 46 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. TABLES.— ESTIMATED NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED WAGE EARNERS AND PER CENT UNEMPLOYED IN EACH OF CERTAIN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, BY SEX-Conduded. ST. LOUIS, MO. Males. Occupation. i trades: Bricklayers and stonemasons.... Carpenters.................................. Painters and paper hangers....... Plasterers................................... Plumbers, gas and steam fitters. Females. Number. Percent Total. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. 1,225 2,062 1,389 373 51.3 26.3 23.7 48.4 30.4 1.225 2,062 1,389 373 51.3 26.3 23.7 48.4 30.4 5,715 30.0 5,715 30.0 236 430 205 472 179 10.7 20.3 25.0 25.7 11.4 5,026 1,758 49 118 11.8 31.4 4.5 6.8 10.7 20.3 25.0 20.7 6.4 3.3 11.8 31.4 8.2 7.4 Total, selected occupations.. 14,188 18.1 All occupations............................. 37,169 14.1 Total. Bakers............................................ Bartenders...................................... Chauffeurs...................................... Cigar makers and tobacco workers. Cooks.............................................. Dressmakers................................... Laborers. Stenographers and typewriters. Waiters and waitresses.............. 118 91 217 11.6 3.5 3.3 99 8.8 8.2 236 430 205 590 270 217 5,026 1,758 585 217 1,061 6.1 15,249 15.9 10,215 12.1 47,384 13.6 Examination of the table shows that although the unemployment rates for the cities of Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and St. Louis ranged from 10.2 per cent in Boston to 13.6 per cent in St. Louis, the rates for the individual occupations specified varied much more widely. In the total for building trades the percentage unem ployed ranged from 20.5 per cent in Boston to 30 per cent in St. Louis. In making up the tables an attempt was made to select the same occupations for each of the cities, in order that comparisons might be made. This was accomplished in all cases with the exception of cooks, marble and stone cutters, longshoremen and stevedores, and waiters and waitresses. In these instances it was not possible to get the data for all of the five cities. With the exceptions mentioned, the following summary gives in order, for each selected occupation, the city with the lowest unemployment rate, the city with the highest unem ployment rate, and the average rate for the five cities combined: T a b u s e.-C IT IE S IN WHICH WERE FOUND THE LOWEST AND HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OP UNEMPLOYED IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS—FIVE CITIES. Lowest percentage. Occupation. City. Per cent. Highest percentage. City. Aver age, five Per cent. cities. ilding trades,, total................... Build Bricklayers!and stonemasons. Carpenters.. Carpenft Painters and paper hangers........ Plasterers.................................... Plumbers, gas and steam fitters. Bakers............................................... Bartenders........................................ Chauffeurs........................................ Cigar makers and tobacco workers... Dressmakers..................................... Laborers........................................... Machinists......................................... Stenographers and typewriters......... Boston. , do. Pittsburgh.. Boston........ ___ do........ Pittsburgh. Boston....... Pittsburgh. Boston........ do. St. Louis... Pittsburgh. Boston....... Pittsburgh. 20.5 St. Louis....... 23.3 ----- do........... 17.2 — .do........... iao ....d o . 19.0 18.5 St. Louis...... 7.0 Chicago........ 9.9 St. Louis...... 22.1 Philadelphia. 6.9 St. Louis....... 3.3 Philadelphia. 9.4 ....d o ........... 15.8 St. Louis....... 4.7 Boston.......... 30.0 51.3 26.3 23.7 52.1 30.4 13.9 20.3 34.9 20.7 8.9 18.3 31.4 9.4 25.1 34.0 22.5 21.0 43.8 27.9 10.6 17.2 29.8 11.5 6.4 14.5 21.4 7.5 All occupations.. Boston.. 10.2 St. Louis., 13.6 11.9 47 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. EXTENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS. Many occupations are common to two or more industries and in order to show the extent of unemployment in each of the principal occupations, regardless of industry, the data for all those occupations which are found in two or more industries have been combined and the results shown in the following table, together with some of the other important occupations of the various industries: TiB I* 7 .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT 0 7 EMPLOYMENT IN PBIHOIPAX. OCCTT. PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT. BOSTON, MASS. Number of parsons unemployed each classified number of days. Num ber Sex. unem ploy 1 to ed. 7 Agents, solicitors, and canvassers Bakers........................................ Barbers. Blacksmiths and horseshoers. Bookkeepers.......................... Bricklayers----Cabinetmakers. Candy makers.. Carpenters............................... Cashiers................................... Cement and concrete workers.. Clerks and salesmen................ Cooks....................................... Domestic servants................... Dressmakers and seamstresses. Drivers...................... . Electricians............... . Engineers, stationary. Firemen, stationary... Hod carriers............... Laborers. Messengers. hangers, and Paint dc Plasterers . . ... . . . . . . Plumbers, gas Mid steam fitters... Porters........................................ Roofers....................................... Stone and marble cutters. Structural-iron workers... Tile layers........................ Watchmen....................... Total. 22 35 9 31 3 44 39 71 91 16 23 34 315 25 9 516 326 37 7 7 221 2 8 to 13 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 90 120 18 8 17 20 4 5 59 9 2 1 43 1 13 11 68 606 87 34 45 6 965 78 230 70 154 35 34 18 109 26 7 7 30 121 181 Not and re to 180 over. port ed. 96 8 6 120 10 33 13 13 3 22 1 6 3 4 11 ..... ..... 4,750 l0 5 2 386 85 19 2 6 1 118 16 26 10 6 2 140 7 27 7 32 1 35 5 1 3 27 1 47 6 45 5 4 2 1 4 80 12 611 ~726 **is 6 1 7 98 8 5 10 2 228 12 57 13 64 5 20 3 8 5 17 3 1 1 5 765 ~878 i **50 3 1 119 55 6 22 36 14 10 132 21 8 8 1 23 8 1 1 2 19 1 1 *241 15 51 *47 6 8 3 49 2 10 12 5 7 9 4 7 3 3 11 22 11 1 2 4 216 48 BULLETIN OF THE BUHEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, T a b l e 7.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED B Y SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Agents, solicitors, and canvassers.. M. 61 2 1 V Bakers.......................................... M. 98 2 3 11 F. 132 Barbers........................................ M. 3 3 1 F. 29 Blacksmiths and horseshoers....... M. 134 4 2 Boiler makers.............................. M. 10 121 Bookkeepers................................. M. 2 2 F. 61 1 1 Bricklayers................................... M. 373 9 5 5 1 Cabinetmakers............................. M. 145 Candy makers............................. M. 14 1 F. 26 28 22 Carpenters.................................... M. 1,102 6 Cashiers....................................... M. F. 37 1 1 1 1 Cement and concrete workers....... M. 129 Clerks and salesmen..................... M. 1,297 15 26 14 F. 676 15 1 Domestic servants...................... M. 115 F. 862 16 13 281 Dressmakers and seamstresses...... F. 7 2 14 24 Drivers......................................... M. 652 Electricians................................. M. 207 7 3 2 Engineers, stationary................... M. 85 1 Firemen, stationary..................... M. 30 Hod carriers.................................. M. 86 4 2 M. 3,112 42 35 Longshoremen.............................. M. 38 Machinists.................................... M. 860 “ *29* ***ie* 4 ........ 143 Messengers.................................... M. 227 1 4 Molders........................................ M. Painters,paper hangers, anddeco634 M. 12 6 2 F. 4 147 10 Plasterers..................................... M. 4 299 15 Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.. M. Porters, general............................ M. 239 6 6 M. 2 110 Porters, railroad........................... 1 35 Roofers......................................... M. 11 Stenographers............................... M. 4 7 F. 280 1 1 Stone and marble cutters.............. M. 26 Structural-iron workers................ M. 72 4 Tile layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. 1 1 64 Tinsmiths..................................... M. 4 2 109 Watchmen................................... M. Total................................... 13,193 279 6 8 2 9 8 9 12 6 37 8 1 92 2 5 5 110 57 7 101 23 83 18 11 3 6 206 1 68 15 11 8 11 22 15 2 5 25 26 1 9 18 19 3 2 24 18 14 11 32 51 22 25 4 5 8 7 144 165 ...... ...... 11 6 12 179 133 27 178 61 110 40 11 3 8 332 106 26 29 19 282 183 22 179 66 116 27 10 6 15 448 2 171 38 41 39 56 98 14 25 23 5 1 1 28 3 2 13 57 44 21 3 1 34 3 8 19 46 44 27 3 2 73 3 11 5 8 10 23 12 10 18 4 16 1 14 11 57 20 2 5 189 2 9 23 180 124 13 100 41 94 37 11 2 15 553 15 134 15 27 93 1 19 40 46 21 8 2 40 3 9 1 12 20 7 1 16 20 30 25 5 123 21 1 3 252 1 2 56 235 48 23 121 43 128 37 15 8 19 754 13 152 28 49 20 1 19 2 2 26 2 3 3 33 3 4 4 20 12 6 53 43 2 1 18 192 1 7 .......i 12 . . . . . . 37 233 19 83 1 21 107 47 12 26 74 9 35 3 3 22 1 6 12 5 679 63 7 171 13 4 13 60 5 12 211 107 1 49 ***i7* .......2 44 9 59 30 34 6 23 6 5 11 8 1 4 38 13 43 1 6 5 18 3 21 1 2 2 8 13 19 20 6 206 1,084 1,849 2,354 2,069 |2,723 |2,311 318 49 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b le 7 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. CLEVELAND, OHIO. NumOccupation. Blfiftlrsmitfis and hnrsftshnflrs,___ Sex. unemploy- lt o ed. 7 M M F M M M F M F. M F M M M M M M M. M. M. F. 7!0 33 1 9 139 2 5 76 59 10 6 109 15 7 12 9 342 129 7 6 3 M. M. M. M. M. F. Watchmen.................................... M. 87 13 27 8 2 26 15 Ca^fnAtmalrftrs. . . . _________ Carpenters.................................... Cashiers.................r................... Clerks........................................... C ooks......................................... Drivers......................................... Electricians................ . ■ftnginAArSj stationary.. . . . . . . . . Firemen, stationary". . . . . . . ... Foremen and oversow*. . . . ........ Laborers....................................... Machinists.................................... Messengers.................................... Packers......................................... Painters,paper hangers,and deco rators. ....................................... porters........ ................................ Salesmen...................................... Shipping clerks............................. Stenographers............................... Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Total................................... 1,213 8 to 13 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 30 60 90 m 1 1 1 2 4 4 1 1 8 4 1 1 5 2 4 1 1 6 6 3 3 4 9 6 2 1 14 2 1 1 22 18 1 2 3 5 4 4 2 4 17 15 2 12 7 3 1 23 1 14 19 5 4 1 2 47 1 1 12 2 3 1 22 2 2 1 5 89 20 3 17 1 2 15 4 1 1 12 1 2 3 53 18 57 14 1 1 65 19 1 2 10 4 2 2 14 2 2 2 6 1 5 173 1 1 1 3 3 2 8 2 5 1 1 1 3 1 8 3 4 1 2 4 2 26 109 167 176 2 1 1 2 1 5 1 1 * 33 121 to 180 181 Not re and port over. ed. 8 6 18 1 12 13 1 1 16 4 2 4 3 71 21 1 2 1 1 6 3 1 1 6 1 26 9 2 15 2 2 2 2 6 5 5 5 1 254 213 62 26 1 1 DULUTH, MINN. Blacksmiths................................. M. Bookkeepers................................ M. F. Carpenters.................................... M. Clerks......................................... M. F. C o o k s ..................................... M. Drivers......................................... M. Engineers, stationary.. . . . . . . . . . . . M. Firemen, stationary..................... M. Laborers..... - .............................. M. Wflnhlnijiia T, .......... .............................. M. Packers...................................... M. F. M. Painters........ -............... ....... . Stenographers....... ....................... M. F. Watchmen.................................. M. 3 2 3 27 17 22 8 26 4 3 97 6 3 1 3 1 5 2 Total................................... 233 32656°—Bull. 195—16- 1 1 2 2 i 2 1 1 2 9 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 8 1 11 1 1 1 2 4 3 14 21 30 1 9 3 9 3 3 2 28 1 2 9 4 5 1 6 1 2 25 3 1 2 1 62 2 5 2 1 3 1 1 IT 2 1 1 1 2 1 59 36 4 50 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, 7 .-NUM BER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. T able KANSAS CITY, M O. NumOccupation. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Sex. unemploy- 1 to ed. 7 Agents, solicitors, and canvassers.. M Blacksmiths and horseshoers....... M. Bookkeepers............ ' .................. M F C abinetm akers........... ....... M Carpenters................................... M. Clerks........................................... M. F. Cooks........................................... M. F. Drivers......................................... M. Electricians.................................. M. Engineers, stationary................... M. Firemen, stationary M. ..................... Foremen and overseers................ M. Inspectors.................................... M. Laborers....................................... M. Machinists,................................... M. Messengers.................................... M. Packers........................................ M. F. Painters, paperhangers, and deco rators........................................ M. Porters......................................... M. flalegmen...................................... M. Shipping clerks............................. ****************** M. Stenographers.............................. M. F. Tinsm iths................................... M. Watchmen................................... M. Total................................... 17 17 7 4 11 135 89 30 35 23 154 11 12 17 11 7 618 21 21 13 4 8to 13 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 30 60 90 120 5 2 3 2 1 2 4 1 2 7 3 1 21 1 2 1 1 65 68 16 6 1 8 5 12 2 2 2 1,438 56 3 4 3 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 22 2 21 15 4 5 3 16 3 2 3 1 1 53 3 5 3 2 2 2 13 8 2 5 7 22 1 2 5 1 1 69 2 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 1 4 15 21 9 8 5 24 3 3 3 27 20 5 8 2 32 2 1 1 1 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 1 4 1 1 36 7 4 4 2 30 2 3 x 131 1 5 3 1 127 1 3 1 114 3 3 1 3 3 1 15 9 2 x 2 12 2 2 X 5 3 53 6 3 3 x 2 1 9 x x 46 3 2 5 8 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 18 1 1 11 12 3 1 14 11 1 1 15 8 3 2 7 4 4 5 4 x 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 3 3 X x x X 172 174 274 .267 249 142 82 LOUISVILLE, KY. Agents, solicitors, and canvassers. Blacksmiths horseshoers....... Bookkeepers................................ Cabinetmakers........................... Carpenters................................. Clerks................ .......................... Drivers........ ................................ Electricians............................. . Engineers, stationary................... Firemen, stationary..................... Foremen and overseers................ Inspectors.................................... Laborers....... ............................... Machinists......................... ......... Packers ................................... Painters, paperhangers, and deco rators....................... . Porters....................... ............... Pftfftgmfm ........................ Saleswomen ............................. Shipping clerks............................. Stenographers ............................. Total................................... M. M. M. M. M. M. F. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. F. 3 3 X 2 8 15 3 17 1 2 4 3 1 82 4 2 2 M. M. M. F. M. F. 8 3 4 7 1 7 183 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 2 6 9 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 x 2 3 1 2 16 2 5 2 3 7 x X 13 2 9 1 1 13 7 1 2 3 4 9 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 26 21 26 1 x 1 1 1 21 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 38 23 51 UNEMPLOYMENT I N THE UNITED STATES. 7.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. T able MILWAUKEE, WIS. Occupation. Number of persons unemployed each of days. Num ber Sex. unem ploy 1 to 8 to 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to ed. 120 90 7 13 30 60 Agents, solicitors, and canvassers. M. Blacksmiths and horseshoers....... M. Bookkeepers......... ...................... M. F. Cabinetmakers............................. M. Carpenters......... .......................... M. Clerks.......................................... M. F. Cooks........................................... F. Drivers................................... M. Electricians.................................. M. Laborers....................................... M. Machinists.................................... M. Messengers.................................... M. Packers......................................... M. F. Painters, paperhangers, and deco r a to r s..................................... M. Plumbers..................................... M. Porters......................................... M. Salesmen...................................... M. Seamstresses................................. F. 5 3 5 3 6 62 19 20 4 45 15 156 55 9 3 2 Total................................... 507 1 1 1 2 4 2 1 2 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 1 44 26 .7 7 11 1 1 16 6 3 3 1 2 2 4 7 4 12 2 1 1 1 1 1 7 4 4 2 11 3 6 6 3 16 11 3 6 2 18 6 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 4 5 1 3 19 39 1 classified number 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 12 23 3 5 2 1 1 2 8 2 3 42 53 14 ' 12 1 6 6 2 21 3 1 4 5 2 3 2 3 71 73 132 104 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 4 1 3 1 3 2 2 1 9 2 4 1 5 1 5 1 1 1 6 1 1 9 1 1 1 6 4 2 8 1 6 5 2 5 2 3 47 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Agents, solicitors, and canvassers. Blacksmiths and horseshoers....... Bookkeepers................................ Cabinetmakers.............................. Carpenters................................... Cashiers...................................... Clerks........................................... Cooks........................................... Drivers........ ................................ Electricians................................. Engineers, stationary................... Firemen, stationary..'.................. Laborers....................................... Machinists................................... Messengers................................... Packers........ ............................... Painters, paper hangers, and deco rators*.. . . » .............................. Pattern makers............................ P orters....................................... Salesmen...................................... Stenographers............................. Total................................... M. M. M. M. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. F. 3 5 9 2 31 3 21 7 4 3 30 4 5 3 99 12 9 4 1 M. M. M. M. F. 16 4 11 4 2 298 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 6 1 7 1 7 3 2 1 1 1 6 1 3 1 1 12 32 i 2 3 30 2 1 2 3 1 1 37 7 1 1 1 16 1 1 1 1 1 45 1 1 6 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 14 2 1 1 2 50 4 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 94 32 10 2 52 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 7.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. TABLE PHILADELPHIA, PA. Occupation. Number of persons unemployed each of days. Num ber Sex. unem ploy 1 to 8 to 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to ed. 7 13 30 60 90 120 Agents, solicitors, and canvassers. M. K, Bakers.......................................... M. P, Barbers......................................... M, F Blacksmiths and horseshoers....... M. Boiler ma-Vers.. . . , r__ T.............. M Bookkeepers................................. M. F. Bricklayers................................... M. cabinetmakers . . . . . . . . _______ M M Candy ?nalrersTT, - - T___ ____ F. Carpenters.................................... M. Cashiers....................................... M. F. Cement and concrete workers....... M. Clerks and salesmen..................... M. F. Compositors.................................. M. Domestic servants........................ M. F. Dressmakers and seamstresses.... M. F. Drivers......................................... M. Electricians.................................. M. Engineers, stationary................... M. Firemen, stationary..................... M. Hod carriers...... .........................<■ M. Laborers....................................... M. Longshoremen............................. M. Machinists.................................... M. Messengers.................................... M. Painters, paper hangers, and deco rators......................................... M. Plasterers..................................... M. Plumbers, gas and steam fitters... M. Porters......................................... M. Roofers......................................... M. Stenographers............................... M. F. Stone and marble cutters............. M. Tile layers.................................... M. Tinsmiths..................................... M. Watchmen................................... M. Total................................... 1 40 1 1 1 47 2 6 1 64 3 3 73 1 1 42 1 72 32 1 4 239 2 2 32 24 1 1 36 497 10 7 5 1 17 55 642 9 13 286 5 3 18 •••••• ........ 1 34 12 446 14 2 196 2 1 693 12 5 3 55 2 87 3 3 70 1 18 1,944 27 26 1 79 578 8 9 4 100 2 357 94 276 55 68 15 79 60 14 12 67 2 1 4 2 3 1 2 1 7,630 120 3 5 1 1 1 1 1 116 2 4 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 6 7 4 7 5 10 1 ...... 1 **ig 6 10 1 8 8 1 11 1 5 4 4 1 11 10 11 3 5 4 3 13 16 44 35 3 5 4 4 1 2 8 4 4 5 8 13 34 56 81 89 1 1 2 1 5 2 1 6 3 9 6 81 145 65 75 40 31 85 55 1 2 1 ...... 1 9 2 4 72 67 51 102 1 17 47 19 34 63 125 128 93 4 8 7 10 11 9 6 17 11 9 10 13 3 1 2 4 119 238 300 262 6 7 16 25 68 40 80 92 11 12 23 7 7 2 9 24 4 34 5 16 8 classified number 6 2 33 10 44 . 10 11 6 12 3 3 4 59 10 61 9 12 2 19 14 4 4 14 11 10 2 12 2 12 27 4 22 15 16 5 10 75 42 8 6 6 2 3 6 1 2 .......i 94 94 32 1 ...... 4 .......i 6 15 10 93 135 26 32 22 13 4 9 1 7 4 6 62 50 16 1 *24* 38 “ *’ i4 102 138 27 9 4 10 4 13 25 5 16 3 4 459 453 60 2 10 12 91 168 22 19 19 3 52 19 36 12 9 2 13 17 6 6 18 23 2 19 1 1 616 1,005 1,355 1,117 1,404 1,578 319 73 15 32 4 4 2 13 9 2 2 11 88 33 41 11 12 1 9 13 2 9 5 6 53 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. TABLE 7 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. PITTSBURGH, PA. Occupation. Number of persons unemployed each of days. Num ber Sex. unem ploy lt o 8to 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to ed. 30. 60 90 120 7 13 Agents, solicitors, and canvassers. M. F ■RftTrflra............................. M F Barbers....................................... . M Blacksmiths and horseshoers....... M. M Bookkeepers-t F Bricklayers................................... M dandy makers, ........ ................... M F Carpenters.................................... M. Casniers........................................ M. F. Cement ^ concrete workers....... M. Clerks and salesmen..................... M. F. Cooks............................................ M. F. Domestic servants........................ M. F. Dressmakers and seamstresses___ F. Drivers......................................... M. Electricians.................................. M. Engineers, stationary................... M. Firemen, stationary..................... M. Hod carriers................................. M. Laborers....................................... M. Machinists.................................... M. Messengers.................................... M. F. Painters, paper hangers,and deco rators......................................... M. F. Plasterers..................................... M. Plumbers, gas and steam fitters... M. Porters......................................... M. Roofers......................................... M. Stenographers.............................. M. F. Tinsmiths..................................... M. Watchmen................................... M. Total................................... 23 1 9,4 9 21 42 30 11 108 11 7 154 4 1 15 382 83 11 3 13 203 37 299 79 58 36 20 1,052 209 35 4 146 2 30 62 34 15 12 31 26 29 3,372 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 5 1 5 3 1 2 2 1 4 3 3 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 9 1 14 8 3 3 19 2 23 3 3 2 3 58 17 3 8 4 11 1 4 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 44 1 2 1 3 36 205 classified number 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 2 3 3 3 8 6 1 2 6 4 1 9 1 1 12 5 2 5 10 9 4 11 2 4 30 4 2 4 2 3 10 11 34 8 1 ...... 34 4 41 4 6 3 1 108 29 1 1 1 1 73 23 1 1 1 51 10 58 9 9 9 4 138 16 10 2 14 8 1 ...... 3 12 15 8 6 4 1 2 3 5 3 3 4 2 364 560 5 4 2 1 23 3 1 26 5 63 19 2 3 32 7 52 11 6 5 6 160 25 5 25 2* 10 3 2 2 7 9 3 536 4 5 3 4 39 *' iir 1 4 1 43 28 1 2 8 76 11 4 1 3 32 4 69 22 14 7 5 223 52 7 55 1 10 12 5 6 1 98 10 21 8 43 28 17 8 1 299 60 4 1 31 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 15 1 1 8 1 7 1 1 47 5 5 5 4 6 4 5 8 5 2 6 5 3 11 3 1 1 747 764 116 2 54 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T abus 7 .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT-Continued. ST. LOUIS, MO. Occupation. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofdays. Num ber Sex. unem ploy 1 to 8 to 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 121 181 Not ed. to and re 7 30 13 60 90 120 180 over. port* ed. Agents, solicitors, and canvassers. M F Bakers.......................................... M, F, Barbers.......... ............................. M F, and "horsAslinArs..... M Bookkeepers................................ M F C a b in e t m a k e r s ..... ..... M tfswdy makers-____ ____ M F Carpenters.................................... M Cashiers........................................ M F. Cement flr»d concrete workers....... M. Clerks ^n<1 salesmen..................... M. F. Compositors................................. M. F. Cooks........................................... M. F. Domestic servants........................ M. F. Dressmakers and seamstresses___ F. Drivers......................................... M. Electricians.................................. M. F. Engineers, stationary................... M. Firemen, stationary..................... M. Hod carriers................................. M. Laborers....................................... M. Machinists.................................... M. Messengers................................... M. F. Holders........................................ M. Painters, paper hangers, and deco rators......................................... M. Plasterers..................................... M. Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.. M. Porters, general............................ M. Porters, railroad........................... M. Roofers......................................... M. Stenographers.............................. M. F. Structural-iron workers................ M. Tile layers.................................... M. Tinsmiths.................................... M. Watchmen................................... M. Total................................... 38 1 65 5 41 5 114 66 16 49 36 32 614 7 14 70 799 228 84 7 47 24 35 587 74 778 115 2 41 51 67 1,321 462 83 2 110 454 98 175 166 15 36 13 141 76 14 92 42 7,412 1 2 1 1 5 8 6 2 1 1 5 20 1 7 1 12 5 2 7 2 4 45 2 4 4 94 29 7 12 1 8 8 12 6 2 15 12 4 6 7 2 199 3 7 146 67 16 6 1 16 12 2 6 4 14 110 1 4 15 114 28 9 10 2 4 71 13 95 17 8 5 5 106 7 120 12 4 3 6 71 11 105 18 4 12 4 130 53 16 7 15 3 185 60 18 9 7 11 3 6 27 183 356 72 99 9 9 1 16 *44* 3 1 4 2 10 2 1 1 4 4 1 22 1 10 12 4 1 8 2 13 5 1 1 1 19 7 3 6 1 1 5 12 3 1 7 1 19 5 3 3 64 20 9 2 5 2 2 45 14 59 6 3 2 6 70 36 10 14 9 4 5 7 8 77 2 1 6 10 11 3 3 1 5 2 22 7 7 9 1 7 7 3 1 1 2 3 15 9 38 6 16 30 3 4 5 19 6 1 9 3 37 17 38 24 1 3 2 19 12 6 14 6 122 80 7 4 503 .. 23 138 37 16 1 8 4 6 96 9 195 23 9 6 1 6 3 2 3 2 1 4 37 1 25 4 19 12 1 1 128 17 1 2 1 1 12 203 16 7 33 2 24 1 2 11 1 3 5 9 3 64 119 8 9 156 16 31 3 2 8 .......2 1 6 18 2 307 66 122 10 4 14 1 ***i8* 2 95 10 30 34 1 7 3 32 19 1 19 17 23 3 4 5 3 4 1 9 832 1,133 1,080 1,730 1,626 306 67 22 33 25 2 3 1 17 9 2 12 6 166 33 46 32 4 8 1 21 15 2 28 5 1 2 1 55 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. 7.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. TABLE ST. PAUL, MINN. Occupation!. Num ber Sex. unemp!s r Agents, solicitors, and canvassers. x, ____ Carpenters.................................... Clems........................................... Number of parsons unemployed each classified number of days. 1 to 7 3 3 39 96 21 7 2 41 11 4 92 15 3 2 1 M. M. M. F. M. F. Tinsmiths..................................... M. 17 3 7 4 1 5 5 1 1 Total................................... 312 2 Drivers......................................... "Electricians . . . r . . . ...................... PorAmA^ and overseers Laborers....................................... Machinists.................................... Messengers.................................. Packers........................................ Painters, paper hangers, and deco rators ........................................ P orters....................................... Salesmen...................................... Seamstresses............................... Stenographers.............................. 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 30 60 90 120 1 M M M M F. M F M M M M M. M. M. F. Cooks........................................... 8 to 13 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 1 4 2 9 1 1 2 1 1 1 9 1 1 16 1 2 7 27 1 12 8 9 1 2 7 3 2 1 4 7 4 1 3 1 1 15 3 4 3 10 4 4 17 2 20 3 1 1 3 1 1 181 Not re and port over. ed. 11 4 2 2 1 1 121 to 180 7 1 1 9 5 1 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 41 58 58 61 3 1 1 42 6 SPRINGFIELD, MO. Clerks........................................... M. F. Carpenters................................... M. C ooks . .................................................... M. F. Drivers......................................... M. Laborers............... ....................... M. Machinists................................... M. Painters, paper hangers, and deco rators.......................... ........... M. Porters........................................ M. Stenographers......................... ... F. 3 1 6 1 3 16 35 3 Total................................... 75 1 1 3 2 2 3 1 3 1 1 6 1 4 5 8 3 1 1 5 4 1 •1 3 7 1 1 17 12 1 1 1 2 1 5 3 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 6 2 1 3 15 1 56 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. TABLE 7.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL OCCU PATIONS, CLASSIFIED BY SEX AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded* TOLEDO, OHIO. NumOccupation. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Sex. unem ploy 1 to ed. 7 Agents, solicitors, and canvassers.. M Blacksmiths and horseshoers....... M Bookkeepers................................. M F M. M. M. Clerks. F. M. Drivers.......................... M. Electricians............. . M. Engineers, stationary... M. Firemen, stationary— M. Foremen &nd overseers. F. M. Inspectors.. M. Laborers... M. Machinists.. M. M. Packers. F. Painters,paper hangers,and deco rators....................................... M Porters......................................... M. M. Salesmen.................................... Saleswomen................................. F. Shipping clerks........................... M. M. Stenographers........................... F. M. Watchmen.. Total.. 2 8 2 4 65 3 25 16 24 7 8 1 3 1 2 271 84 5 3 1 8to 13 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 30 60 90 120 1 1 2 1 2 8 4 3 3 1 5 3 2 35 2 7 1 5 4 4 1 1 6 12 ........ r 18 609 3 2 26 12 1 1 1 8 1 4 5 6 3 1 1 1 3 9 1 3 3 3 1 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 12 11 1 2 2 3 1 3 5 2 . 4 1 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 2 40 13 12 5 2 ! 32 9 2 1 1 26 8 1 1 45 18 2 1 85 14 5 3 1 7 1 1 1 14 1 3/ l' 2 1 2 3 4 1 1 70 91 67 1 2 13 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 _ 3 2 i 100 1 1 4 3 1 146 89 25 WILKES-BARRE, PA. Agents, solicitors, and canvassers.. M. Blacksmiths................................. M. Bookkeepers................................. M. F. Carpenters.................................... M. Clerks........................................... M. F. Drivers......................................... M. Electricians.................................. M. Engineers, stationary................... M. Firemen, stationary..................... M. Foremen and overseers................. M. Inspectors.................................... M. F. Laborers....................................... M. M. Machinists.................................... Messengers................................... M. Packers........................................ M. F. Painters........................................ M. Salesmen...................................... M. ................................. Saleswomen F. Watchmen................................... M. 2 4 14 1 46 28 17 34 6 11 6 8 2 2 180 18 2 1 1 14 9 7 10 Total................................... 423 I ...... 1 i i > 1 . I 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 i 1 6 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 30 3 2 2 12 6 53 1 2 1 2 4 1 5 1 4 5 10 4 3 2 3 1 2 1 13 11 5 9 11 4 3 4 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 33 3 1 24 3 25 3 18 2 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 86 57 51 71 2 2 70 6 1 2 6 2 2 2 1 1 7 4 1 1 30 1 11 1 1 17 57 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT. Any amount of enforced unemployment must be regarded as a hardship to the wage earner, and the extent of that hardship is measured by the length of time the wage earner is out of work. Table 4 shows the number of persons in each industry and occu pation unemployed each classified number of days. The information for each city contained in that table is summarized by sex and for each specified period of unemployment, regardless of industry or occupation. In Table 8 the proportions of wage earners out of work each classified number of days are presented for each city in the form of simple and cumulative percentages. The percentages are based on the number of cases for which the duration of unem ployment is known. This table shows that in nearly all of the cities the largest numbers of unemployed wage earners fall in the duration periods 31 days and over, thus indicating the unemployment was not a temporary con dition of slight importance. The duration of unemployment in the greater number of cases was such as to make the condition one of extreme hardship. T m i .ii 8 —NUMBER AMD PER CENT 0 7 WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLA8. SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVEB EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS. BOSTON, MASS. Number and per cent. Females. Males, Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. 138 1 to 7 days................................................. 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days............................................... 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days...... ........................................ 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days...... ..................................... 181 days over....... ........................... 512 790 798 865 1,133 1,319 Total known.................................... Unknown..........1>ttltttt. tt___________ 5,659 275 Total unemployed............................ 5,934 m 2.4 1.8 9.0 14.0 14.1 15.3 20.0 23.3 76 28 174 236 310 285 219 261 4.8 1.8 11.0 14.9 19.5 17.9 13.8 1&4 214 132 686 1,026 1,108 1,150 1,352 1,580 3.0 1.8 9.5 14.2 15.3 15.9 18.7 21.8 100.0 1,589 72 100.0 7,248 347 100.0 1,661 7,595 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 120 days............................................ Over 90days.............................................. Over 60 days.............................................. Over30days ............................... . Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 days............................................... 1 day over........................................... 1,319 2,452 3,317 4,115 4,905 5,417 5,521 5,659 23.3 43.3 58.6 72.7 86.7 95.7 97.6 100.0 261 480 765 1,075 1,311 1,485 1,513 1,589 16.4 30.2 48.1 67.7 82.5 93.5 95.2 100.0 1,580 2,932 4,082 5,190 6,216 6,902 7,034 7,248 21.8 40.5 56.3 71.6 85.8 95.2 97.0 100.0 58 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 8 .— NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLAS SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS-Continued. BRIDGEPORT, CONN. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cont. 1 to 7 days................................................. 8 to 13 days..................... .......................... 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days.............................. .............. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 10 5 31 46 74 35 48 113 2.8 1.4 8.6 12.7 20.4 9.7 13.3 31.2 4 2 10 17 22 16 21 30 3.3 1.6 8.2 13.9 18.0 13.1 17.2 24.6 14 7 41 63 96 51 69 143 2.9 1.4 8.5 13.0 19.8 10.5 11.3 29.5 Total known.................................... Unknown.................................................. 362 15 100.0 100.0 484 16 100.0 Total unemployed........................... 377 122 1 • 123 500 Cumulative number and per cent. 113 31.2 30 Over 180 days............................................ 161 44.5 51 Over 120 days............................................ 196 54.1 67 Over 90 days.............................................. 270 74.6 Over 60 days.............................................. 89 316 87.3 106 Over 30 days.............................................. 347 95.9 116 Over 13 days.............................................. 352 97.2 118 Over 7 days............................................... 362 100.0 122 1 day and over........................... ............. 24.6 41.8 54.9 73.0 86.9 95.1 96.7 100.0 113 212 263 359 422 463 470 484 29.5 43.8 51.3 71.2 87.2 95.7 97.1 100.0 CHICAGO, ILL. Number and per cent. 1 to 7 days..................... 8 to 13 days................... 14 to 30 days.................. 31 to 60 days.................. 61 to 90 days.................. 91 to 120 days................ 121 to 180 days............... 181 days and over.......... 345 265 1,242 2,086 2,601 2,337 3,372 2,971 2.3 1.7 8.2 13.7 17.1 15.4 22.2 19.5 74 59 363 655 766 499 391 4IS 2.3 1.8 11.3 20.3 23.8 15.5 12.1 13.0 419 324 1,605 2,741 3,370 2,836 3,763 3,389 2.3 1.8 8.7 14.9 18.3 15.4 20.4 18.4 Total known........ Unknown...................... 15,222 824 100.0 3,225 268 100.0 18,447 1,092 100.0 Total unemployed 16,016 3,493 19,539 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days. Over 120 days. Over 90 days.. Over 60 days.. Over 30 days.. Over 13 days.. Over 7 days... 1 day and over 2,971 6,343 8,680 11,281 13,370 14,612 14,877 15,222 19.5 41.7 57.0 74.1 87.8 96.0 97.7 100.0 418 809 1,308 2,074 2,729 3,092 3,151 3,225 13.0 25.1 40.6 64.3 84.6 95.9 97.7 100.0 3,389 7,152 9,988 13,358 16,099 17,704 18,028 18,447 18.4 38.8 54.1 72.4 87.3 96.0 97.7 100.0 59 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. 8.—NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLAS SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS—Continued. T able CLEVELAND, OHIO. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. 1 to 7 days . . i ..... ....................................... 8 to 13 days.. ................................. - 14 to 30 d a v s ....... .................................. 31 to 60 days. ......................................... 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................ 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days ftTid over...................................... 47 40 163 272 270 306 400 345 2.6 2.2 8.8 14.8 14.7 16.6 21.7 18.7 12 10 43 55 74 36 33 51 3.8 3.2 13.7 17.5 23.6 11.5 10.5 16.2 m 50 206 327 344 342 433 396 2.7 2.3 9.6 15.2 15.9 15.9 20.1 18.4 Total known..................................... Unknown.................................................. 1,843 94 100.0 314 15 100.0 2,157 109 100.0 Totalunemployed............................. 1,937 2,266 329 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 1^) days....................................... . Over 90 days.......................................... Over 60 days............................................. Over 30 days.............................................. Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 days................................................ 1 day over.......................................... 345 745 1,051 1,321 1,593 1,756 1,796 1,843 18.7 40.4 57.0 71.7 86.4 95.3 97.4 100.0 51 81 120 194 219 292 302 314 16.2 26.8 38.2 61.8 79.3 93.0 96.2 100.0 396 829 1,171 1,515 1,842 2,048 2,098 2,157 18.4 38.4 54.3 70.2 85.4 94.9 97.3 100.0 1.9 9 4 27 36 82 95 112 55 2.3 1.0 6.9 7.2 13.3 24.4 28.7 14.1 DULUTH, BONN. Number and per cent. 1 to 7 days..................... 8 to 13 days.................... 14 to 30 days.................. 31 to 60 days.................. 61 to 90 days.................. 91 to 120 days................. 121 to 180 days............... 181 days and over.......... 8 4 25 31 38 78 103 50 2.4 1.2 7.4 9.2 11.3 23.1 30.6 14.8 3.8 9.4 26.4 32.1 17.0 9.4 Total known____ Unknown...................... 337 7 100.0 100.0 Total unemployed 344 100.0 55 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days. Over 120 days. Over 90 days.. Over 60 days.., Over 30 days.. Over 13 days.. Over 7 days... 1 day and over 50 153 231 269 300 325 329 337 14.8 45.4 68.5 79.8 89.0 96.4 97.6 100.0 5 14 31 45 50 52 52 53 9.4 26.4 58.5 84.9 94.3 98.1 98.1 100.0 55 167 262 314 350 377 381 390 14.1 42.8 67.2 80.5 89.7 96.7 97.7 100.0 60 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 8 . — NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLAS SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS—Continued. KANSAS CITY, M O. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. 1 to 7 days................................................ 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 72 27 250 268 397 401 374 217 3.6 1.3 12.4 13.3 19.8 20.1 18.6 10.8 29 13 76 125 148 118 53 57 4.7 2.1 12.3 20.2 23.9 19.1 8.6 9.2 101 40 326 393 545 522 427 274 3.8 1.5 12.4 15.0 20.7 19.9 16.2 10.4 Total known..................................... Unknown.................................................. 2,009 109 100.0 619 54 100.0 2,628 163 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 2,118 673 2,791 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 120 days............................................ Over 90 days.............................................. Over 60 days.............................................. Over 30 days.............................................. Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 days............................................... 1 day and over........................................... 217 591 995 1,392 1,660 1,910 1,937 2,009 10.8 29.4 49.5 69.3 82.6 95.1 96.4 100.0 57 110 228 376 501 577 590 619 9.2 17.8 36.8 60.7 80.9 93.2 95.3 100.0 274 701 1,223 1,768 2,161 2,487 2,527 2,628 10.4 26.7 46.5 67.3 82.2 94.6 96.2 100.0 5 7.4 7 15 9 10 8 14 10.3 22.1 13.2 14.7 11.8 20.6 19 13 25 60 42 41 46 72 6.0 41 7.9 18.9 13.2 12.9 14.5 22.6 68 6 100.0 318 38 100.0 LOUISVILLE, KY. Number and per cent. 1 to 7 days................................................. 8 to 13 days............................................... 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 14 13 18 45 33 31 38 58 5.6 5.2 7.2 18.0 13.2 12.4 15.2 23.2 Total known..................................... Unknown................................................... 250 32 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 2S2 74 356 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days. Over 120 days. Over 90 days.., Over 60 days.., Over 30 days.., Over 13 days.. Over 7 days... 1 day and over 58 96 127 160 205 223 236 250 23.2 38.4 50.8 64.0 82.0 89.2 94.4 100.0 14 22 32 41 56 63 63 68 20.6 32.4 47.1 60.3 82.4 92.6 92.6 100.0 72 118 159 201 261 286 299 318 22.6 37.1 50.0 63.2 82.1 89.9 94.0 100.0 61 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. TABLE 8 .— NUMBER AND PER CENT OP WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLAS SIFIED NUMBER OP DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS—Continued. MILWAUKEE, W IS. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. Number. Percent. 1 to 7 days.................................................. 8 to 13 days............................................... 14 to 30 d a y s............................................ 31 to 60 d a y s............................................ 61 to 90 days............................................... 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 24 9 28 74 109 107 204 155 Total known..................................... U nknow n................................................ 710 83 Total unemployed............................ 793 3.4 5 4.7 1.3 3.9 .......... i i ’ .......io.*3* 10.4 15 14.0 15.4 20 18.7 15.1 22 20.6 28.7 17 15.9 21.8 17 15.9 100.0 107 23 100.0 130 29 9 39 89 129 129 221 172 3.5 1.1 4.8 10.9 15.8 15.8 27.1 21.1 817 106 100.0 923 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................. Over 120 days............................................. Over 90 days............................................. Over 60 days........................ ..................... Over 30 days.............................................. Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 days................................................ 1 day and over........................................... 155 359 466 575 649 677 686 710 21.8 50.6 65.6 81.0 91.4 95.4 96.6 100.0 17 34 56 76 91 102 102 107 15.9 31.8 52.3 71.0 85.0 95.3 95.3 100.0 172 393 522 651 740 779 788 817 21.1 48.1 63.9 79.7 90.6 95.3 96.5 100.0 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Number and per cent. 1 to 7 days.................................................. 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days............................................... 61 to 90 days............................................... 91 to 120 days............................................. 120 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over....................................... 11 14 50 48 65 71 119 43 2.6 3.3 11.9 11.4 15.4 16.9 28.3 10.2 5 5 8 8 13 5 3 8 9.1 9.1 14.5 14.5 23.6 9.1 5.5 14.5 16 19 58 56 78 76 122 51 3.4 4.0 12.2 11.8 16.4 16.0 25.6 10.7 Total known..................................... Unknown.................................................. 421 17 100.0 55 2 100.0 476 19 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 438 57 495 Cumulative number and per cent. 10.2 8 43 Over 180 days............. .............................. 38.5 11 162 Over 120 days............................................. 233 55.3 Over 90 days.............................................. 16 70.8 298 29 Over 60 days.............................................. 82.2 37 Over 30 days.............................................. 346 94.1 45 396 Over 13 days.............................................. 97.4 Over 7 days................................................ 50 410 1 day fynd over........................................... 421 100.0 55 14.5 20.0 29.1 52.7 67.3 81.8 90.9 100.0 51 173 249 327 383 441 460 476 10.7 36.3 52.3 68.7 80.5 92.6 96.6 100.0 62 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 8 . — NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLAS SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS-Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Number. Percent. 1 to 7 days.................................................. 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 175 151 817 1,307 1,687 1,406 1,843 2,264 1.8 1.6 8.5 13.5 17.5 14.6 19.1 23.5 53 50 274 423 491 376 312 377 2.2 2.1 11.6 18.0 20.8 16.0 13.2 16.0 228 201 1,091 1,730 2,178 1,782 2,155 2,641 1.9 1.7 9.1 14.4 18.1 14.8 17.9 22.0 Total known..................................... Unknown................................................... 9,650 419 100.0 2,356 125 100.0 12,006 544 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 10,069 2,481 12,550 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 120 days............................................. Over 90 days.............................................. Over 60 days.............................................. Over 30 days.............................................. Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 days................................................ 1 day and over........................................... 2,264 4,107 5,513 7,200 8,507 9,324 9,475 9,650 23.5 42.6 57.1 74.6 88.2 96.6 98.2 100.0 377 689 1,065 1,556 1,979 2,253 2,303 2,356 16.0 29.2 45.2 66.0 84.0 95.6 97.8 100.0 2,641 4,796 6,578 8,756 10,486 11,577 11,778 12,006 22.0 39.9 54.8 72.9 87.3 96.4 98.1 100.0 PITTSBURGH, PA. Number and per cent. 1 to 7 days................................................. 8 to 13 d a y s.............................................. 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 69 58 278 523 731 695 1,117 1,202 1.5 1.2 5.9 11.2 15.6 14.9 23.9 25.7 • 13 7 54 90 184 108 101 92 2.0 1.1 8.3 13.9 28.4 16.6 15.6 14.2 82 65 332 613 915 803 1,218 1,294 1.5 1.2 6.2 11.5 17.2 15.1 22.9 24.3 Total known..................................... Unknown.................................................. 4,673 160 100.0 649 29 100.0 5,322 189 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 4,833 678 5,511 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days. Over 120 days. Over 90 days.. Over 60 days.. Over 30 days.. Over 13 days.. Over 7 days.... 1 day and over. 1,202 2,319 3,014 3,745 4,268 4,546 4,604 4,673 25.7 49.6 64.5 80.1 91.3 97.3 98.5 100.0 92 193 301 485 575 629 636 649 14.2 29.8 46.4 74.7 88.6 96.9 98.0 100.0 1,294 2,512 3,315 4,230 4,813 5,175 5,240 5,322 24.3 47.2 62.3 79.5 91.0 97.2 98.5 100.0 63 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. 8 .—NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLAS SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS—Continued. T able ST. LOUIS, M O. Number and per cent. Females. Males. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Percent. 1 to 7 days................................................. 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 177 102 649 1,110 1,386 1,417 2,367 2,247 1.9 1.1 6.9 11.7 14.7 15.0 25.0 23.8 67 34 239 376 474 383 415 545 2.6 1.3 9.4 14.8 18.7 15.1 16.4 21.5 244 136 888 1)486 1,860 1,800 2,782 2,792 2.0 1.1 7.4 12.4 15.5 15.0 23.2 23.3 Total known..................................... Unknown................................................... 9,455 315 100.0 2,533 152 100.0 11,988 467 100.0 Total unemployed............... ............ 9,770 2,685 12,455 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 120 days............................................ Over 90 days.............................................. Over 60 days.............................................. Over 30 days.............................................. Over 13 days............................................ Over 7 days................................................ 1 day and over........................................... 2,247 4,614 6,031 7,417 8,527 9,176 9,278 9,455 23.8 48.8 63.8 78*4 90/fc 97.0 98.1 100.0 545 960 1,343 1,817 2,193 2,432 2,466 2,533 21.5 37.9 53.0 71.7 86.6 96.0 96.3 100.0 2,792 5,574 7,374 9,234 10,720 11,608 11,744 11,988 23.3 46.5 61.5 77.0 89.4 96.8 98.0 100.0 17 10 48 74 91 72 91 78 3.5 2.1 10.0 15.4 18.9 15.0 18.9 16.2 481 16 100.0 ST. PAUL, MINN. Number and per cent. 1 to 7 days................................................. 8 to 13 days.............................. ................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days............................. ................ 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days.............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 14 10 40 68 74 64 83 68 3.3 2.4 9.5 16.2 17.6 15.2 19.7 16.2 Total known.................................... Unknown................................................. 421 13 100.0 Total unemployed.......................... 434 3 5.0 8 6 17 8 8 10 13.3 10.0 28.3 13.3 13.3 16.7 60 3 100.0 63 497 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 120 days............................................ Over 90 days.............................................. Over 60 days.............................................. Ovsr 30 days.............................................. Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 days. .1........................................... 1 day and over.............. ........................... 68 151 215 289 357 397 407 421 16.2 35.9 51.1 68.6 84.8 94.3 96.7 100.0 10 18 26 43 49 57 57 60 16.7 30.0 43.3 71.7 8L7 95.0 95.0 100.0 78 169 241 332 406 454 464 481 16.2 35.1 50.1 69.0 84.4 94.4 96.5 100.0 64 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 8.—NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLAS SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS-Continued. T able SPRINGFIELD, M O. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Percent. 1 to 7 davs............ ..................................... 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 d a y s ........................................... 31 to 60 d a y s ................................... ....... 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 d ays........................................... 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days andover...................................... 4 7 14 31 17 19 16 21 3.1 5.4 10.9 24.0 13.2 14.7 12.4 16.3 5 1 5 2 2 2 1 2 25.0 5.0 25.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 9 8 19 33 19 21 17 23 6.0 5.4 12.8 22.1 12.8 14.1 11.4 15.4 Total known..................................... Unknown.................................................. 129 1 100.0 20 100.0 149 1 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 130 20 150 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days........................................... Over 120 days........................................... Over 90 days.............................................. Over 60 days.............................................. Over 30 days.............................................. Over 13 d a y s............................................ Over 7 days........ ............................. ......... 1 day and over........................................... 21 37 56 73 104 118 125 129 16.3 28.7 43.4 56.6 80.6 9L5 96.9 100.0 2 3 5 7 9 14 15 20 10.0 15.0 25.0 35.0 45.0 7a 0 75.0 100.0 23 40 61 80 113 132 140 149 15.4 26.8 40.9 53.7 75.8 88.6 94.0 100.0 TOLEDO, OHIO. Number and per cent. 1 to 7 days................................................. 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days............................................ 61 to 90 days............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 25 10 103 122 90 146 189 130 3.1 1.2 12.6 15.0 11.0 17.9 23.2 16.0 4 1 18 30 19 18 7 10 3.7 .9 16.8 28.0 17.8 16.8 6.5 9.3 29 11 121 152 109 164 196 140 3.1 1.2 13.1 16.5 11.8 17.8 21.3 15.2 Total known..................................... Unknown....... .......................................... 815 37 100.0 107 13 100.0 922 50 100.0 Total unemployed........................... 852 120 972 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 120 days............................................ Over 90 days.............................................. Over 60 days............................................. Over 30 d a y s ........................................... Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 d a y s ............................................ 1 day and over........................................... 130 319 465 555 677 780 790 815 16.0 39.1 57.1 68.1 83.1 95.7 96.9 100.0 10 17 35 54 84 102 103 107 9.3 15.9 32.7 50.5 78.5 95.3 96.3 100.0 140 336 500 609 761 882 893 922 15.2 36.4 54.2 66.1 82.5 95.9 96.0 100.7 65 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 8 . — NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLASU SIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEM PLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS—Concluded. WILKES-BARRE, PA. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Percent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 1 to 7 days.................................................. 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 34 28 138 158 163 127 117 137 3.8 3.1 15.3 17.5 18.1 14.1 13.0 15.2 2 9 28 26 20 21 23 16 1.4 6.2 19.3 17.9 13.8 14.5 15.9 11.0 36 37 166 184 183 148 140 153 3.4 3.5 15.9 17.6 17.5 14.1 13.4 14.6 Total known..................................... Unknown................................................. 902 37 100.0 145 1 100.0 1,047 38 100.0 Total unemployed........................... 939 146 1,085 Cumulative number and per cent. 137 254 381 544 702 840 868 902 Over 180 days. Over 120 days. Over 90 days.. Over 60 days.. Over 80 days.. Over 13 days.. Over 7 days... 1 day and over 15.2 28.2 42.2 60.3 77.8 93.1 96.2 100.0 16 39 60 80 106 134 143 145 11.0 26.9 41.4 55.2 73.1 92.4 98.6 100.0 153 293 441 624 808 974 1,011 1,047 14.6 28.0 42.1 59.6 77.2 93.0 96.6 100.0 CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT. There is always considerable unemployment in every city at all times, the number and percentage of persons out of work varying according to the available supply of and demand for labor. This is affected not only by the conditions of business in the various indus tries generally, but by the fluctuating demand for help dining cer tain months of the year, owing to rush work or slack work in the various seasonal industries. There are also many persons who will not accept work except in their own particular trades, and there is also a varying number who will not accept employment of any kind when offered. An effort was made, therefore, to ascertain the cause of each wage earner’s unemployment. In many cases it was found difficult to ascertain the exact cause, and in some cases the informa tion secured was not entirely satisfactory. The table following shows the number m each city for which information as to the cause of unemployment was secured, classified by industry and reported cause of unemployment. 32656°—Bull. 195—16----- 5 66 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T able 9.—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OP UNEMPLOYMENT. BOSTON, MASS. Number unemployed from specified cause. Industry and occupation. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. Agricultural pursuits: Farm laborers............................................. M. M. Gardeners...................................... Other workers............................................. M. P. Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— B rick lay ers*.................................... M. M. Building laborers.......... Carpenters............................................ M. Cement and concrete workers............... M. Electricians.................................,,,.,- M. Hod carriers......................................... M. Painters,paperhangers, and decorators. M. M. plasterers............................ . Pliimhors, gag and steam fitters.. M. Roofers.. .7 .......................................... M. fttnicturaMrnn workers........ . M. Tile layers............................................ M. Other workers....................................... M. Total............................................... Chentfcais and allied products.................... M. F. Clay, glass, and stone products— Stone and marble cutters...................... M. Other workers....................................... M. Clothing manufacture— Corset makers....................................... M. F. Suite, coats, cloaks, and overalls— Tailors... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Other workers................................ M. P. Waist,underwear,necktie, etc., makers. M. P. Pood and kindred products— Bakers................................................... M. F. Other bakery workers........................... M. F. Candy makers.................................. M. F. Candy packers...................................... F. Other workers....................................... M. F. Iron and steel and their products— Automobile-factory workers.................. M. F. Car-shop employees.............................. M. Hardware-factory workers............ . M. F. Iron-foundry workers............................ M. Machine-shop employees....................... M. F. Ship and boat builders.......................... M. Stove-factory workers........................... M. Wagon and carriage workers................. M. Other iron and steel industries— Machinists...................................... M. Other workers................................. M. P. Leather and its finished products— Shoe factories— Clerks and stenographers................ M. P. Cotters............................................ M. P. Edge setters and trimmers............. M. P. Other causes. 21 35 17 3 17 22 12 3 2 10 5 2 3 91 49 303 9 7 6 209 23 154 34 7 7 29 72 42 246 8 6 6 173 18 120 27 6 5 18 13 6 44 1 6 1 13 31 3 25 4 1 5 2 9 3 9 2 2 928 747 137 44 17 2 13 2 4 26 15 2 21 10 2 3 2 , 6 13 4 12 1 78 10 30 5 6 20 58 9 20 2 5 16 23 1 12 8 23 66 34 45 6 15 1 11 7 17 54 27 33 4 25 1 25 27 7 110 22 2 18 20 15 22 1 21 17 5 77 17 2 14 ^ 2 8 5 1 1 2 8 7 1 4 1 2 3 1 3 5 1 3 X 1 1 5 9 7 9 2 1 3 *3 3 3 8 2 16 5 14 4 4 i7 1 2 3 1 3 17 49 5 14 39 3 3 8 2 14 12 64 1 6 3 10 11 56 1 3 3 3 1 7 1 2 1 2 1 67 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. BOSTON, MASS.—Continued. Number unemployed from specified cause. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Continued. Leather and its finished products—Concld. Shoe factories—Concluded. Lasters............................................ Stitchers......................................... Vampers........................... ............. Other workers................................. Tannery workers................................... Other workers....................................... Liquors and beverages— Brewery workers................................... Other workers....................................... Lumber and its remanufacture— Furniture workers................................ Piano makers........................................ Saw and planing mill workers.............. Other woodworkers............................... Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Brass mills and foundry workers.......... Other workers....................................... Paper and paper products........................... Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees........................ Electrotypers and lithographers........... Printers and other employees............... Textiles— Carpet-mill workers.............................. Cotton-mill workers.............................. Dyers and cleaners............................... Knitting-mill operatives....................... Lace, embroidery, and curtain workers. Rope and cordage workers............... Woolen-mill workers........................ Other textile workers...................... Miscellaneous industries— Brush and broom makers................ Electrical supply workers................ Electric light and power employees.. Gas-works employees....................... Rubber-factory workers................... Tobacco and cigar factory workers.., Other employees.............................. Number unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. 18 2 8 21 2 12 169 109 68 5 11 1 16 2 7 17 2 8 151 99 61 3 9 1 1 3 13 13 7 10 6 2 49 1 32 3 9 2 41 3 37 1 24 3 7 1 25 3 7 40 3 17 13 22 32 3 14 10 4 4 18 28 8 6 126 20 16 23 7 5 93 13 2 4 7 14 9 7 11 2 14 28 1 8 12 8 13 7 21 6 13 7 4 10 2 9 22 1 5 10 6 9 6 14 22 13 9 87 4 7 1 6 37 16 15 7 20 9 4 15 5 7 2 2 Other causes. 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 4 1 4 1 1 9 4 1 3 3 4 3 3 1 27 6 • 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 5 3 1 1 4 1 2 1 3 10 6 4 1 7 1 2 1 1 1 68 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. BOSTON, MASS.—Continued. Number unemployed from specified cause. Industry and occupation. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. Other causes. Manufacturing and mechanical Industrie*— Concluded. Industry not specified— Blacksmiths and horseshoers............... M. Dressmakers......................................... M. F. Laborers................... M. Machinists................ M. Milliners................... F. Stationary engineers. M. Stationary firemen... M. Other workers........... M. F. 32 2 68 583 147 20 24 26 153 16 22 1 49 490 121 17 14 12 108 13 19 73 21 3 8 10 23 3 M. M. 10 20 9 12 1 8 M. M. M. M. M. F. 24 20 40 11 98 2 20 12 14 8 62 3 7 21 1 28 2 M. M. M. M. M. M. 67 433 21 30 40 22 51 341 17 20 30 7 10 75 3 9 9 13 Transportation: Express company employees....... Post-office clerks andletter carriei Railroad transportation— Brakemen............................. Clerks and bookkeepers......... Conductors.............f.............. Engineers and firemen.......... Other workers....................... Road, street, and bridge transportationCnauffeurs........................................ Drivers. Livery-stable employees...................... Road, street, andTbridge workers........ Street-railway employees..................... Trunk, transfer, and cab company em ployees.............................................. M. Telegraph and telephone— Telegraphers and telephone operators.. M. F. M. Other employees........................... Water transportation— Longshoremen.............................. M. M. Other workers............ ................. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and insurance— M. Clerical employees........................ F. Real-estate employees.. M. F. Other employees................... M. Wholesale ana retail trade— Butcher-shop employees....... M. Drivers, coal yard.................. M. M. Other coal-yard employees. . . M. Department-store employees. F. Drug-store employees......... M. F. Dry-goods-store employees. M. F. Grocery-store employees. . . M. F. Ice-wagon employees........................ . M. Merchants ana dealers....................... M. Milk-wagon employees..................... . M. Other forms of trade— M. Canvassers, collectors, and solicitors.. M. Clerks, cashiers, and bookkeepers___ F. M. M. F. Stenographers and typewriters. M. F. Other em ployees,...,................ M. F, 7 3 1 2 18 5 2 4 22 1 1 5 2 8 6 6 11 1 1 1 2 9 5 4 8 35 23 7 21 16 1 12 5 2 2 78 39 65 28 11 11 2 16 7 5 2 14 9 5 4 1 8 4 2 1 1 4 3 40 43 7 37 124 21 2 51 94 131 13 26 44 24 28 37 4 29 97 15 2 38 71 104 12 24 33 19 8 5 1 6 24 6 4 1 2 1 3 10 19 19 1 1 6 3 3 4 8 9 123 97 17 23 44 14 84 128 29 5 96 78 12 17 40 13 68 98 27 3 19 12 4 3 3 1 11 19 X 1 8 7 1 3 1 2 1 1 5 2 5 11 I 69 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. BOSTON, MASS.—Concluded. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. causes. Industry and occupation. Public service.................................. M. F. Professional service: Musicians* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t.. M. F. Theatrical employees................................ . M. F. Trained nurses^ . *........ . ......... . F. M. Other workers................ ........................ F. Domestic and personal service: Barber-shop employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Building em ployees................................... M. F. Domestic servants.............................. ....... M. F. Hotel employees— C ooks.................................................. M. W aiters................... ..................... . M. Other employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Laundry workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __ M. F. Restaurant employees— Waiters................................................. M. F. Other restaurant em ployees................ M. F. e m p lo y e e s .......................... Other workers.......... ................................ £ F. 170 3 106 3 54 10 16 5 11 10 57 36 22 15 4 10 7 46 30 12 1 1 1 2 7 3 9 1 4 3 1 31 3 42 1 7 221 21 3 24 9 1 4 3 146 14 1 4 61 14 35 22 38 5 24 65 30 17 29 3 16 43 5 4 4 1 4 21 1 5 1 4 1 25 39 9 7 36 11 1 19 29 8 6 26 8 1 5 5 1 5 1 5,934 1,661 4,552 1,285 992 301 59 6 331 69 Total............................................... Industry, occupation, sex, and cause nf imimiplflyipfft nnlmnwn______ 7,595 5,837 1,293 65 400 Total unemployed............... .......... 7,863 All occupations: Males................... ........................ . Females... -T. ___________________ 1 5 1 5 2 268 CHICAGO, ILL. Agricultural pursuits: Farm laborers.......................................... Gardeners................................................. Other workers.......................................... I and mechanical industries: Bricklayers........................................... Building laborers.................................. Carpenters............................................ Cement and concrete workers............... Drivers................................................. Electricians........................................ Hod carriers.......................................... House wreckers Painters,paper hangers, and decorators. Plumbers, gas and steam fitters. Roofers....................................... Structural-iron workers.............. Tile layers.................................. Other w orkers......................... Total. M. M. M. 61 47 20 53 40 20 6 7 M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. 373 493 857 129 33 14 86 4 485 147 299 35 72 4 96 335 445 703 127 31 14 72 4 435 118 269 34 62 4 86 24 31 92 3,127 2,739 1 2 5 8 47 1 9 9 15 1 1 6 7 1 27 4 22 8 23 3 15 2 5 1 3 6 1 5 2 3 218 105 65 70 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b u s 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OP UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued. Industry and occupation. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. causes. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Continued. Chemicals and allied products..*................ M. F. Clay, glass, and stone products— Brickyard workers............................... M. GtasiM&ctory workers........................... M. Stone and marble cutters...................... M. Other workers....................................... M. Clothing manufacture— Corset makers....................................... M. F. fflovenwlffirs M. F. Hattere (w<v>l and felt)...... .................. M. F. fihfr^ nnllflTj spiri M. F. Suit, coat, cloak, and overall makers— Cutters........................................... M. Finishers....................................... M. F. Pressers.......................................... M. SAftm$tresses................. ........... F. TfMlorp............... . ,’T.... r.............. M. F. Other workers................................ M. F. Waist,underwear,necktie,etc., makers. M. F. Food and kindred products— Bakers.................................................. M. F. Butter and cheese makers..................... M. F. Candy makers....................................... M. F. Flour and grain mill workers............... M. F. Slaughter and packing house workers— Butchers......................................... M. F. Clerks, bookkeepers, and stenogra phers........................................... M. F. Laborers......................................... M. Packers, wrappers, and labelers___ M. F. Other workers............................... M. F. Sugar-refinery workers......................... M. Other w orkers.................................... M. F. Iron and steel and their products— Agrinnltyiml-implATnAntf workers. . . . . . . M. P. Automobile and motorcycle workers... M. P. Boiler-works employees........................ M. Car shops— Blacksmiths................................... M. Boiler makers................................. M. Brass workers................. ............... M. Cabinetmakers............................... M. C^rks................. ............... . . . . . . . M. Electricians................................... M. Laborers......................................... M. M achinists.................................... M. Painters......................................... M. Other workers................................ M. P. Iron foundries— Molders.......................................... M. Other workers................................ M. j 50 15 46 12 4 3 85 48 26 9 81 38 23 8 1 7 2 1 3 10 12 5 4 3 4 4 3 9 10 4 3 3 3 4 55 5 21 48 84 59 22 87 39 6 12 48 5 20 46 73 51 21 72 38 4 12 3 98 11 7 1 14 26 38 1 89 10 4 6 1 2 13 23 30 1 1 3 6 2 76 1 60 1 12 4 55 4 222 8 12 73 4 7 16 3 52 3 202 5 10 55 4 7 14 3 2 1 17 2 2 17 3 40 1 33 1 42 35 1 29 1 38 5 44 10 34 69 36 16 132 152 79 547 2 43 8 33 67 33 16 129 130 73 505 2 227 18 201 17 3 3 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 7 1 9 1 4 1 3 1 6 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 i 1 1 3 15 6 35 1 17 1 3 6 7 6 71 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical Industries— Continued. Iron and steel and their products—Concld. Iron and steel mills— ................. Cranemen......... ........ ........ Laborers........................................ Machinists.. . . . . . . t , Other workers....................... ......... Machine shops— M a c h i n i s t s . r , Other workers................................. Ship and boat building— Laborers........................................ Other workers............................ StowHfactorv workers......... . Wagon and carriage manufacture— Painters....................................... Other workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. causes. M. M. M. M. M. 15 23 263 60 130 14 22 247 56 118 1 16 4 10 M. M. F. 23 40 1 23 34 5 M. M. M. 35 27 21 26 27 19 9 M. M. F. 31 34 1 30 31 1 1 2 5 2 39 75 6 5 2 33 65 5 2 7 Other iron and steel industries— Clerks bookkeepers................ . M. F. M a c h i n i s t s ___ M. Other workers................................ M. F. Leather and its finished products— TTftrfiftgaami saddle makers................. M. Leather belt, case, and pocketbook m a k e r s .................... . . ................. M. Shoe-factory operatives....................... M. F. Other shoe factory workers................... M. F. Tannery employees.............................. M. Trunk m akers............... ..................... M. Liquors and beverages— Brewery workers................................... M. Other workers....................................... M .! Lumber and its remanufacture— Furniture workers— ................................ M. Furniture workers, not specified... M. Plano workers................................. M. Upholsterers.................................. M. Saw and planing mills— Drivere.’ . . . ................................... M. Sawyers, planers, «nd filers............ M. Other employees............................. M. Other woodworkers............................. M. F. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Jewelry workers.................................... M. F. Tin-can factory workers........................ M. F. Tinners «ynd t-insnnit.hg.......................... M. Other workers....................................... M. F. Paper and paper products— Envelope, tag, and paper-bag makers.. M. F. Paper-box workers................................ M. F. Other workers....................................... M. F. Printing and bookbinding— Bnftghin^flry ^mplnyww. TTT M. F. Electrotypers rond lithographers............ M. M. Printers and other employees............... F. 1 2 1 1 2 8 5 3 17 34 1 9 5 27 5 14 32 1 7 5 24 5 3 2 48 2 37 1 10 97 114 11 24 85 96 10 21 11 16 1 2 21 22 9 107 5 18 14 8 90 5 2 7 16 3 26 12 47 28 3 15 2 25 11 44 25 3 6 6 14 16 7 2 4 5 12 15 5 42 65 38 269 32 36 61 27 344 29 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 13 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 11 22 3 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 72 BULLETIN O# THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATiSfiC^* 9.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIES) M INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued* CHICAGO, ILL—-Continued. T able Industry and occupation. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or dis or to be found. ability. lockouts. causes. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. Textiles— Pyffli? ai^d cleaner?*. ...................... ....... M. F. M. Textile workers............. ................ ... F. Miscellaneous industries— Electric light and power plant workers. M. F. Electrical supplies— Clerks and bookkeepers.................. M. F. Other workers................................. M. F. Gas-works employees............................ M. Oil-works employees............................. M. Tobacco and cigar factory workers....... M. F. Workers in other industries.................. M. F. Industry not specified— ■Rlap.ksmit.ns horseshoers.......... . M. DrftssmalrArs And . . . . . . . F. RlflCtrioiftns,........................... : ............ M. Laborers............................................... M. F. Machinists............................................ M. Metal polishers ftnd buffers................... M. F. Milliners..... ....... ...................... M. F. Packers................................................. M. Shoemakers........ ................................. M. Sign painters......................................... M. Stationary engineers find firemen.......... M. Other workers....................................... M. F. Transportation: Express companies— Clerks.................................................... M. Drivers................................................. M. Other employees................................... M. Post-office clerks and letter carriers........... M. Road, street, and bridge transportation— Chauffeurs............................................ M. Garage employees................................. M. Livery-stable employees....................... M. Sewer construction workers.................. M. Street cleaners....................................... M. Street pavers......................................... M. Street-railway motormen...................... M. Truck, transfer, and cab drivers........... M. Other employees................................... M. Railroad transportation— Brakemen........................................... . M. Clerks and bookkeepers....................... M. F. Conductors............................................ M. Engineers and firemen.......................... M. Laborers............................................... M. Porters.................................................. M. Stenographers........................................ M. F. Trackmen and switchmen.................... M. M. Other workers.................................. . F. Telegraph and telephone— Clerks, bookkeepers,and stenographers. M. F. Linemen................................................ M. Operators.............................................. M. F. Other workers....................................... M. 10 5 31 20 8 4 24 19 1 1 3 1 41 6 36 5 2 17 7 52 15 52 26 59 4 162 39 15 7 47 13 37 21 50 3 147 37 2 57 149 128 1,378 10 495 17 3 4 42 22 84 13 57 41 7 1 4 3 1 5 2 7 1 6 1 10 2 3 47 134 115 1,230 10 434 15 2 2 32 19 71 12 48 33 6 7 12 7 121 2 3 3 4 27 42 2 1 17 1 1 7 5 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 2 21 9& 5 26 20 83 4 16 1 10 1 10 3 2 101 55 13 16 199 24 20 67 8 91 52 10 14 181 23 5 60 8 6 3 1 2 16 15 5 2 39 147 11 57 83 244 110 4 21 175 140 7 27 124 8 32 68 229 78 4 19 143 116 7 9 15 2 18 11 13 19 3 8 1 7 4 2 13 2 26 16 6 8 4 4 16 21 251 24 4 3 13 18 221 22 1 1 6 2 9 1 2 3 26 2 8 1 3 5 4 2 1 1 1 1 4 73 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. CHICAGO, ILL.—Continued. Industry and occupation. Transportation-^Concluded. Water transportation— Dredge workers.................................... Boat employees. . . . . . ............ ....... ...... Longshoremen........................ ............. Other workers.____________________ Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other to be or or dis found. ability. lockouts. causes. 1 M. M. M. M. 15 14 38 2 12 14 36 2 2 M. F. M. F. Real estate e m p l o y e e s . Tr______ M. F. Wholesale and retail trade— M. Pepartment-store employees........... F. Prug-store-employees................ .......... M. F. Dry-goods-store employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. M. Grocery-store employees....... .......... . F. Mafl-order-hnnse employees.................. M. F. Merchants and dealers.......................... M. Other forms of trade— Canvassers, collectors, and solicitors__ M. ffiftrks, bookkeepers......... M. F. Drivers................................ ................ M. M. Errand and messenger boys.................. Laborers............................................... M. Salesmen............................................... M. Stenographers....................................... M. F. Other employees................................... M. F. Public service: A rm y and Navy......................................... M. City employees.......................................... M. F. Park employees........................................... M. M. Other employees........................................ F. Professional service: Graphic arts workers.................................. M. Public entertainers..................................... M. F. Teachers...................................................... M. F. Trained Tuirses............................................. M. F. other workers............................................. M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service......................................... M. F. Personal service— Barber-shop employees....................... M. F. Building employees.............................. M. F. Hotel employees................................... M. F. Laundry workers................................. M. F. Pool and billiard room employees........ M. M. Restaurant and club employees............ F. Saloon keepers, bartenders, etc............ M. Other workers................... ................... M. F. 23 12 18 1 20 10 20 8 13 3 4 3 17 9 2 162 191 38 1 45 73 196 25 79 95 45 148 167 30 1 36 62 180 21 71 81 29 8 15 5 16 657 370 265 84 114 118 4 185 75 10 12 565 324 232 76 103 101 4 157 54 8 27 77 3 22 5 2 22 57 2 21 4 1 27 117 33 7 14 4 51 12 14 23 101 23 6 6 3 40 9 14 4 11 7 1 8 1 10 1 1 2 115 862 95 709 18 104 2 49 132 29 174 17 76 24 41 208 13 57 63 191 13 5 103 23 132 11 61 16 38 160 9 54 55 149 11 3 23 6 25 3 10 4 3 45 3 1 6 28 1 1 Trade: Banking, brokerage, and insurance— Clerical employees....... ........................ 8 9 9 4 8 10 7 3 59 35 20 6 11 11 19 17 1 2 2 1 \ I 6 9 3 1 2 7 2 4 7 1 33 11 13 2 1 5 1 8 4 1 5 3 1 17 1 1 1 5 3 6 1 1 1 16 2 5 4 3 1 2 2 13 1 1 74 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T ab le 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. CHICAGO, ILL.—Concluded. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. Industry and occupation. Industry not specified: Porters................... Watchmen............. Other workers....... 108 75 544 152 All occupations: Males............ Females....... Total............................................. . Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown. 7 2 469 150 16,046 3,493 13,564 1,403 383 144 5 935 272 19,539 16,397 1,786 149 1,207 1,413 20,952 Total unemployed. PHILADELPHIA, PA. Agricultural pursuits: Farm laborers............................................. Gardeners.................................................. . Other workers.................. ........................ . Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— Bricklayers.......................................... Building laborers................................ Carpenters........................................... Cement and concrete workers.............. Drivers................................................ Electricians......................................... Hod carriers........................................ . Painters, paperhangers, and decorators Plasterers.................. Plumbers,*gasand steam fitters.*. Roofers................................................ . Tile layers........................................... . Other workers..................................... . M. M. M. 32 67 23 25 53 20 4 9 2 M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. 239 1,062 428 55 28 52 18 328 94 276 68 14 90 202 917 356 48 21 44 15 288 81 246 59 13 71 16 78 45 1 4 4 2 23 5 16 5 Total............................................. . M. 2,752 2,361 207 6 M. F. 50 9 41 8 7 1 2 M. M. F. M. M. E. 45 50 5 60 6 1 38 41 3 49 5 1 7 6 2 7 1 M. F. M. F. 106 9 10 24 91 6 8 22 6 1 1 1 9 2 1 1 M. M. M. F. M. F. 21 17 219 44 14 20 19 15 183 40 11 18 1 1 14 1 1 22 4 1 2 M. F. M. M. F. M. M. F. 47 6 14 24 36 13 26 8 35 6 13 22 34 10 21 6 9 Chemicals and allied products: chemical and drug workers..................................... Clay, glass, and stone products— Brickyard workers.............................. Glass workers...................................... Marble and stone cutters..................... Other workers..................................... Clothing manufacture— Hatters (wool and felt)........................ Shirt, collar, and cuff makers.............. Suits, coats, cloaks, and overalls— Cutters.......................................... Pressers and spongers................... Other workers............................... Waist, underwear, and necktie makers Food and kindred products— Bakers................................................. Bakery drivers.................................... Candy makers..................................... Dairy workers..................................... Other workers..................................... 3 5 1 4 1 1 8 2 17 66 27 6 3 4 1 17 8 13 4 1 11 178 3 4 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 75 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued. Number unemployed from specified Number unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. causes. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Continued. Iron and steel and their products— Automobile factories— Machinists...................................... Other workers............................... . Car-shop workers................................. . Cutlery, file, and saw workers............. . M. M. M. M. F. M. M. 27 31 72 21 1 16 60 22 22 63 12 1 12 47 4 4 5 9 1 5 4 4 9 4 M. M. M. 31 116 58 28 108 55 3 3 1 M. M. 284 20 218 16 35 4 31 M. M. M. M. M. 70 38 37 115 27 54 32 37 101 19 7 5 9 1 9 7 5 1 M. M. M. F. 25 27 147 31 21 24 117 27 2 2 12 1 2 1 18 3 M. M. F. 69 67 24 64 53 22 3 8 2 M. F. M. F. Other workers..................................... . M. Liquors and beverages: Brewery workers. M. Lumber and its remanufacture— Furniture factories— Cabinetmakers............................. M. Upholsterers.................................. M. Other workers............................... . M. Piano and organ makers....................... M. Sawmill workers............. ..................... M. Other woodworkers.............................. M. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Brass-mill workers.............................. M. Jewelry-factory workers...................... M. F. Tinware-factory employees. M. Other workers..................... M. F. Paper and paper products— Envelope,tag, paper-bag, etc.,makers.. M. F. Paper-box-factory employees.. M. F. Paper-millworkers................. M. F. Printing and bookbinding— M. Bookbindery employees.. F. M. Compositors....... Other employees. M. F. Textiles— M. Carpet-mill workers. F. M. Cotton-mill operatives. F. 13 7 54 10 8 33 11 4 42 10 7 21 2 1 4 31 27 47 7 26 58 25 25 40 7 19 47 16 14 2 16 41 3 13 10 2 11 36 3 8 18 31 26 28 12 Iron foundries and iron works., Iron and steel mill operatives.. Locomotive works— Laborers........................... . Machinists........................ . Other employees................ Machine sho Other employees................... Ship and boatbuilding— Laborers................................ Machinists............................. Riveters................................ Other workers....................... Wagon and carriage builders....... Other iron and steel industries— Boiler makers....................... Machinists............................. Other workers....................... Leather and its finished products— Lasters in shoe factories............. Other workers in shoe factories.. Leather belt, case, and pocketbook makers.............................................. Tannery employees. 12 1 1 5 1 1 6 2 8 1 3 1 3 3 1 4 3 7 4 4 1 3 2 1 4 3 1 2 8 11 24 23 21 9 4 3 2 5 3 3 4 1 2 19 21 18 121 15 18 18 15 103 13 1 3 1 13 125 43 6 9 113 33 4 7 8 1 2 5 2 1 2 1 3 7 1 2 76 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 9.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued. Industry and occupation. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. Textiles—Concluded. Dyers and cleaners............................... M. F. Knitting mills— Boarders......................................... M. K nitters........................................ M. F. Loopers.......................................... M. F. Menders......................................... M. F. Toppers.......................................... M. F. Weavers......................................... M. F. Other employees............................ M. F. Lace and embroidery workers.............. M. F. Silk-mill workers.................................. M. F. Woolen-mill workers............................ M. F. Other textile workers........................... M. F. Miscellaneous industries— Cigar makers........................................ M. F. Gas-works employees........................... M. F. Oil-works employees............................ M. Rubber-factory workers....................... M. Tobacco-fectory employees................... M. F. Electrical supply workers................... M. Other workers..................................... M. F. lifted— Blacksmith M. Dressmakers........................................ M. F. Laborers............................................. M. F. Milliners.............................................. F. Stationary engineers........................... M. Stationary firemen.............................. M. Transportation: Express-company employees..................... Post-office employees................................. Railroad transportation— Clerks and bookkeepers....................... Engineers and firemen........................ Laborers.............................................. Railroad trainmen.............................. Other railroad employees.................... Road, street, and bridge transportation— Drivers_____________________ Garage employees...................... . Livery-stable employees............ Street-railway employees........... Other workers............................ Telegraph and telephone employees. Water transportation— Longshoremen........................... . Other workers............................. 62 3 31 19 49 7 52 7 28 4 40 26 8 70 115 5 29 19 16 16 2 480 320 45 35 34 1 99 10 10 2 32 83 11 17 43 7 40 7 21 4 36 23 7 61 97 3 27 18 15 14 2 414 26 1 1 1 6 13 31 14 5 1 4 87 8 7 2 23 71 8 46 2 196 186 17 31 65 24 34 2 160 151 15 28 47 21 18 13 1 2 6 1 M. M. 52 10 42 6 5 1 M. F. M. M. M. M. F. 29 1 23 65 39 64 3 21 1 12 52 22 35 2 M. M. M. M. M. M. M. F. 108 347 20 40 26 105 30 21 90 291 17 31 12 90 21 10 M. , M. 79 19 60 14 11 23 1 U N E M P L O Y M E N T IN 77 T H E U N IT E D STATES. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued. Industry and occupation. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. causes. lYade: Banking, brokerage, and insurance— Insurance agents................................... M. Office employees*.............................. ... M. F. Real-estate employees........................... M. F. Wholesale and retail trade— M. Butc^er-shop employees................... F. Coalyards— Drivers..................... ..................... M. Other employees........................... - M. F. Department stores— Drivers............... ........................... M. Other employees............................. M. F. Drugstore employees........................... M. F. Dry-gonckH?tore employees...... ............ M. Grocery-store employees....................... M. F. Tee-wagon drivers........... ..................... M. M. Merch**ntrSand dealers...................... Office employees in stores— Clerks,bookkeepers, and messengers M. F. Stenographers ^ typewriters....... M , F. Other employees............................. M. F. Other employees................................... M. Public service: City employees— Laborers............................................... M. Policemen....... ..................................... M. Other employees.............. ................... M. F. Federal employees— Customhouse, Army, and Navy ... M. Navy yard and arsenal employees........ M. F. Maintenance of law and order: Watchmen, not elsewhere classified............................ M. Professional service: Actors and theater employees..................... M. F. Motion-picture employees........................... M . F. Musicians.................................................... M. F. Teachers...................................................... F . Trained purses............................................ F. Other workers............................................. M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service: Servants......................... M. F. Personal service— Barbers and barber-shop employees___ M. F. Janitors, elevator conductors, and other building employees.................. M. F. Laundry workers.................................. M. F. Saloon keepers, bartenders, and other saloon employees......................... M. Hotel employees— Waiters and waitresses................... M. F. Other employees............................. M. F. 1 1 1 17 21 9 10 5 10 15 9 8 4 5 5 1 1 1 65 1 53 1 6 6 47 7 1 39 4 1 3 2 20 97 190 13 1 20 128 17 55 101 19 86 153 12 1 14 106 11 46 74 213 73 10 58 258 95 47 178 59 10 47 193 78 37 28 23 58 3 1 1 7 6 4 31 1 4 9 3 4 17 15 12 4 1 1 1 2 12 3 5 10 19 2 6 35 7 8 5 30 10 2 26 4 31 3 1 11 21 1 8 6 17 u 3 9 8 3 2 8 1 61 39 16 6 31 15 13 6 34 3 13 52 33 11 26 14 10 6 32 3 6 41 27 9 4 1 1 2 1 1 5 6 3 2 2 5 3 34 446 28 364 3 71 3 11 64 3 48 3 10 6 37 3 29 63 29 1 24 54 5 2 3 9 2 109 95 4 10 49 2 68 7 44 2 50 6 2 3 13 1 5 1 3 78 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Concluded. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. Industry and occupation. Domestic and personal service—Concluded. Personal service—Concluded. Restaurant employees: Waiters W waitressest.................. M. F. Other employees............................. M. F. Other workers................................ M. Industry not specified................................. M. F. Other causes. 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 28 24 31 8 30 13 5 25 19 29 6 26 10 4 2 4 1 1 1 1 10,069 2,481 8,303 2,079 1,005 249 27 3 734 150 T o ta l............................................ Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ 12,550 10,382 1,254 30 884 Total unemployed.......................... 14,147 All occupations: Males................................................. Females............................................. 1,597 PITTSBURGH, PA. 36 25 8 3 107 10 11 87 9 9 7 1 2 13 108 63 145 15 64 20 133 30 62 15 15 96 57 120 14 61 16 120 29 59 13 15 9 4 21 1 3 3 7 1 1 2 Total............................... 670 600 52 Chemicals and allied products___ Clay, glass, and stone products— Glass-factory workers............ 18 17 73 3 63 3 7 3 18 13 38 1 2 14 ? 10 29 1 2 3 2 6 1 1 3 24 9 11 7 12 7 19 7 7 7 12 6 4 1 2 1 1 2 50 44 2 7 28 17 92 62 41 7 27 15 88 55 37 2 Agricultural pi Extraction o f minerals: Coalminers................................................. Other coal-mining employees...................... Other workers In extraction of minerals— Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— Bricklayers........................................... Building laborers.................................. Carpenters............................................ Cement and concrete workers............... Electricians.......................................... Hod carriers......................................... Painters, paper hangers, and decorators, Plasterers............................................ Plumbers, gas and steam fitters.......... Roofers................................................. Other workers...................................... Other workers...................................... Clothing manufacture— Suit, coat, cloak, and overall workers.. Other workers.. Food and kindred products— Bakery workers................ Candy makers. Other workers. Car-shop employees.. Iron ana steel mills— Catchers.... Cranemen.. Heaters...... Laborers.... Machinists.. Puddlers... 1 3 2 3 1 6 2 1 17 1 1 4 1 3 3 4 4 1 79 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. PITTSBURGH, PA.-Continued. Industry and occupation. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. causes. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. Iron, steel, and their products—Concluded. Iron and steel mills—Concluded. Rollers............................................ M. F. Other workers...t. ..................... . M. F. Iron-foundry workers- ................. ........ M. Wagon 1***^ carriage workers............. M. Otfier workers, - T7 .. ........ r- - - T. .......... M. F. Liquors and beverages: Brewery workers.. M. T.nmhflr flnd its rAmjynvifftfitnrA_____ _____ M. F. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Brass and copper Tnill wnrlrArs....... ...... M. Other workers...................................... M. •Printing and bookbinding---...................... M. F. Textiles............ ........................................ M. Miscellaneous industries— M. Electrical supply workersT......... F. Laborers, not specified.......................... M. Tobacco and cigar workers................... M. F. Industry not specified: Employees....... M. F. Transportation: Post-office employees.................................. M. Railroad transportation— Brakemen and conductors.................... M. Engineers and firemen.......................... M. Other workers...................................... M. F. Road, street, and bridge transportation— Chauffeurs............................................ M. Drivers................................................. M. Street-railway employees...................... M. Road, street, ana bridge construction employees.......................................... M. Other workers....................................... M. Telegraph and telephone employees........... M. F. Water transportation workers..................... M. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and insurance em ployees..................................................... M. F. Wholesale and retail trade— Butcher-shop employees....................... M. Department-store employees................ M. F. Drug-store employees............................ M. F. Dry-goods-store employees.................... M. F. Grocery-store employees....................... M. F. Other forms of trade— Canvassers, collectors, and solicitors___ M. F. Clerks, cashiers, and bookkeepers......... M. F. Drivers................................................. M. Laborers............................................... M. Messengers.......................................... M. F. flftlftfffWATl............................................... M. Saleswomen.......................................... F. 40 1 690 2 142 3 170 7 17 36 13 40 1 610 2 131 2 152 6 13 30 12 11 37 39 12 18 47 7 445 15 18 358 35 8 1 56 4 4 1 12 1 20 6 6 1 4 5 1 1 9 35 34 10 15 2 2 4 2 2 1 40 7 400 13 14 315 29 6 1 20 2 1 19 5 1 25 1 11 2 13 1 5 1 6 4 2 1 80 24 85 4 66 19 63 2 8 4 15 2 1 42 216 13 34 186 5 5 17 6 1 1 22 15 19 25 14 18 12 14 21 11 3 2 2 3 1 1 3 1 3 13 1 9 1 2 2 31 28 71 14 2 7 25 48 6 27 22 63 12 2 7 19 39 5 3 10 2 201 41 46 17 13 3 42 38 7 1 174 39 40 17 11 2 36 34 4 1 1 1 2 2 12 2 1 4 4 1 5 5 1 4 1 2 1 12 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 15 4 1 5 2 80 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued, PITTSBURGH, PA.—Concluded. Number unemplo’red from specified cai se. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. causes. Industry and occupation. Trade—Concluded. Other forms of trade—Concluded. Stenographers--.................................... M. F. Other.................................................... M. F. Public service: State and municipal employees................... M. Professional service: Public OTtatrfttfnArs____ „ T, rTTT. - - _______ M. F. Other workers*............................................ M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service,............. .......................... M. F. Personal service— Barbers................................................ M. Bartenders and saloon porters.............. M. Elevator runners, janitors, and other foijidtag attendants_________ _____ M. F. Hotel employees................................... M. F. T^mndry worke*#-.--,........................... M. F. Restaurant employees........................... M. F. Other workers....................................... M. F. Imhifitry not specified........................................ M. F. 12 27 58 3 11 23 50 3 1 2 6 2 2 88 58 15 15 14 2 35 23 13 2 26 11 1 f 10 2 2 13 203 10 162 2 32 1 9 21 38 16 26 4 8 1 4 62 10 32 5 11 17 19 6 16 2 32 1 46 8 20 4 10 14 14 4 11 11 2 8 5 All occupations: lifting................................................. Females............................................ 4,833 678 4,151 556 Total unemployed.......................... 5,511 i 2 4 1 2 1 6 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 413 86 24 2 245 34 4,707 499 26 279 103 1 90 1 7 6 322 9 542 70 67 365 98 175 36 76 14 43 283 8 506 70 61 327 91 163 32 68 13 37 26 1 16 20 1,817 1,659 82 38 29 31 25 5 4 2 16 136 34 84 2 15 129 34 76 2 1 5 2 5 3 15 27 11 24 2 2 2 1 24 1 ST. LOUIS, MO. Agricultural pursuits......................................... M. F. Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades— Bricklayers................................ ........ M. Building laborers.................................. M. Carpenters............................................ M. Cement and concrete workers............... M. Hod carriers.......................................... M. Pafeiters,paper hangers, and decorators. M. Plasterers.............................................. M. Plumbers.............................................. M. Roofers................................................. M. Structural-iron workers....................... M. Tile layers........... ................................ M. Other workers....................................... M. Total.............................................. Chemicals <ynd aiifafl products..................... M. F. Clay, glass, and stone products— Brickyard workers................................ M. Glass-factory workers........................... M. M. Terra-cotta workers.............. ........ Other workers..................................... M. F. Clothing manufacture— Shirt,collar, cuff makers................. M. F. 13 2 17 2 6 6 i 4 21 5 6 4 1 1 6 1 75 81 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued. Industry and occupation. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or to be or dis found. ability. lockouts. causes. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Continued. Clothing manufacture—Concluded. Suite, cloaks, and overalls— Tailors............................................ M. Other workers................................ M. F. Waist, underwear, and necktie makers M. F. Other workers..................................... M. F. Food and kindred products— M. Other bakery workers.......................... M. F. Candy makers..................................... . M. F. Slaughter and packing house workers... M. F. Other workers...................................... M. F. Iron and steel and their products— M. Automobile workers.................. Car-shop workers— M. Carouilders......................... Carpenters........................... M. Laborers.............................. M. Machinists........................... M. Painters............................... M. M. Other workers...................... Hardware-factory workers......... M. F. Iron foundries— Molders......................... . M. Other workers................ M Iron and steel mill workers... M. Ship and boat yard workers.. M Stove-factory workers., m! Wagon and « * Painters.. M. Other workers... M. F. Other iron and steel industries— Machinists............................. M M. Other workers....................... F. Leather and its finished products— Shoe factories— Cutters................................. M. F. Edge setters and trimmers. M. F. Finishers............................ M. F. Heelers............................... M. F. Stitchers............................. M. F. Other workers.................... M. 47 30 13 22 81 8 1 42 26 13 21 73 7 1 5 4 62 3 5 36 32 37 1 32 9 47 3 4 31 31 31 7 1 5 3 1 5 1 5 1 2 29 8 4 1 1 1 32 30 2 68 44 81 21 23 84 25 10 68 42 72 21 22 80 19 8 110 127 142 16 87 100 113 128 15 74 6 13 7 1 10 1 32 48 2 31 42 2 1 4 1 25 Q WQ I 22 90 i 2 6 153 7 36 7 19 5 20 1 17 58 119 614 43 2 F. 162 7 39 8 21 5 24 3 17 58 124 654 54 1 M. F. M. M. F. Distillery and other beverage workers.. M. F. 54 3 27 103 1 15 2 51 3 22 85 1 11 2 Other workers.......................... Liquors and beverages— Beer bottlers............. Brewery drivers............................... Other brewery workers.................... —Bull. 195—16----- 6 £: 3 2 2 5 4 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 4 1 6 2 4 22 8 1 i 7 1 1 4 1 1 2 11 3 1 3 11 2 7 3 1 82 BULLETIN OF THE BUBEAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. » .—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. T able ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. causes. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. Lumber and its remanufacture— Furniture factories— tI,,,t- T.Tf........... M. M. OfhW W0rVffl'8-T „..r't--rT-TT--....... M. M. Wooden box mafcers.........— Saw fvnd planing mill workers. ............ M. Other woodworking industries— Coooers........................................... M. M. Other workers.. . .... ................. F. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Tinware factories— Tin-c&n m a k e r s ___ - rr-.......... M. F. M. Other workers..................... . F. Other workers,................... ....... ....... . M. F. Paper and paper products— Envelope, tag, and paper-bag makers.... M. F. Paper-box workers................................ M. F. Other workers....................................... M. F. Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees........................ M. F. Compositors and printers...................... M. F. Press feeders......................................... M. F. M. F. Textiles....................................................... M. F. Miscellaneous industries— Cigar-factory employees........................ M. F. Electrical supply workers..................... M. F. Electric light and power company’s employees. . . , ................................... M. Gas-company employees...................... M. Tobacco-factory workers....................... M. F. Other workers...................................... M. F. Industry not specified— Blacksmiths and horseshoers................ M. Laborers............................................... M. Milliners............................................... M. F. Seamstresses......................................... F. Stationary engineers............................. M. Stationary firemen................................ M. Other workers....................................... M. Transportation: Express companies— Drivers................................................. M. Other employees................................... M. Post-office employees.................................. M. F. Railroad transportation— Clerks, bookkeepers, and stenographers. M. F. Engineers M firemen.......................... M. Trackmen and switchmen.................... M. Other workers...................................... M. F. . T 1 | 1 o 1 ' 6 49 14 81 17 45 42 14 73 15 38 52 36 4 47 34 4 *1 1 1 12 2 81 1 46 5 9 2 73 1 39 4 1 2 5 7 7 35 18 7l 1 6 7 30 16 5 1 13 13 84 7 31 3 36 11 46 18 13 10 69 27 3 28 9 36 14 42 5 23 1 38 4 19 1 10 28 82 26 581 28 10 24 70 25 507 25 114 874 4 38 57 26 32 18 93 774 4 35 44 23 19 14 37 8 10 1 35 7 6 1 4 116 6 29 49 142 2 101 2 26 33 106 2 11 3 3 12 25 6 7 3 6 1 1 2 3 3 1 1 1 4 2 2 1 1 8 1 1 2 7 3 6 1 4 3 2 1 6 1 4 1 4 1 0 1 45 2 3 6 3 5 45 16 55 3 7 3 7 i 26 1 6 2 1 1 4 2 1 1 4 1 1 2 3 9 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. 83 T ables 9.—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued. Number unemployed from specified Industry and occupation. Transportation—Concluded. Road, street, and bridge transportation— Chauffeurs........................................... Drivers................................................ Garage employees............................... Livery-stable workers......................... Street-cleaning workers...................... Street-railway employees..................... Other workers. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes or dis or to be found. ability. lockouts. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. 54 537 20 17 67 22 55 51 485 18 14 51 12 47 M. Operators F. Other employees................................... M. F. Water transportation................................. M. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and insurance em ployees.................................................... M. F. Wholesale and retail trade— Butcher-shop employees...................... M. F. Department-store employees................ M. F. Drug-store employees........................... M. F. Dry-goods-store employees................... M. F. Grocery-store employees..................... . M. F. Merchants and dealers.......................... M. Other employees................................. . M. F. Public service: City employees— Laborers............................................... M. Other employees................................... M. Public defense— Policemen, detectives, and guards........ M. Watchmen............................................ M. Other workers............................................. M. F. Professional service: Public entertainers— ’RffTPSfrfana......................................... M. F. Other workers..................................... . . M. F. Teachers.................................................... . M. F. Trained nurses............................................ F. Other workers........................................... . M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service— Servants.............................................. . M. F. Washerwomen...................................... F. Personal service— Barbers............................................... . M. Other workers in barber shops............. M. F. Hotel employees— Cooks........ .................................... M. F. Waiters......................................... M. Other employees........................... . , M. F. Janitors, elevator conductors, and M. F. 16 31 26 4 20 12 18 24 3 19 26 5 17 3 61 1 20 44 33 1 84 83 135 11 130 587 222 52 1 16 38 25 1 74 78 106 10 93 489 190 Other 21 *2 5 2 10 13 29 12 37 40 7 42 26 1 23 4 22 8 2 10 33 35 5 35 587 24 26 445 16 29 12 5 19 12 4 25 6 20 12 7 18 4 18 11 4 58 5 41 4 8 102 7 1 40 1 84 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. ST. LOUIS, MO.—Concluded. T able Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. Industry and occupation. Personal service—Concluded. Laundries— Ironers............................................ M. F. Other workers................................ M. F. Restaurant employees— Waiters........................................... M. F. Other employees............................. M. F. Saloon keepers, bartenders, etc............ M. Other workers................................. - •• M. F. Other causes. 3 20 41 319 2 15 36 271 1 5 5 27 11 26 14 7 139 86 ft 9 21 13 7 120 69 3 1 2 1 1 3 15 12 2 4 5 1 Males. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Females....... ........................ ....... . 9,770 2,685 8,518 2,291 800 263 33 7 419 124 Total....... ............. ........................ Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ 12,455 10,809 1,063 40 543 Total unemployed.................. ....... 14,219 All occupations: 21 1,764 BRIDGEPORT, CONN. M. 15 1 M. M. F. M. Clothing manufacture. F. lucts............ M. Food and kindred M. products.. Iron and steel and F. Leather and its finished products............... M. Liquors and beverages................................ M. Lumber and its remanufacture................... F. Metals and metal products other than Iron and steel.................................................. M. Printing and bookbinding.......................... M. Textiles....................................................... M. F. M. Miscellaneous industries.. F. 73 1 17 Agricultural pursuits...................................... . Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades........................................ Chemicals and allied products............... . Transportation: Post, telegra^ , _______ Railroad transportation. Road, street, and bridge transportation... Water transportation................................ Trade.................................................................. Public service: 5 14 4 58 3 1 1 1 0 3 6 1 5 .... 11 6 F. M. M. M. M. F. 5 3 .... 4 Public administration................................. M. Public defense and maintenance of law and order....................................................... M. Professional service.......................................... M. F. Domestic and personal service. M. F. AH occupations: ’ *7* 2 3 5 1 12 18 4 .... 2 12 Males............ Females........ 377 123 266 81 86 35 25 6 Total..................................... Industry, occupation, sex, and of unemploymentunknown 500 347 121 31 Total unemployed................. 537 37 85 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. TABLE 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. CLEVELAND, OHIO. Number unemployed from specified cause. Sex. Industry and occupation. Number ployed. No work Sickness Strikes or or dis to be found. ability. lockouts. Other Agricultural pursuits....................................... Extraction of minerals: M in in g - .................................................................. Quarrying................................................ Salt, oil, and natural gas production........ 1 Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades........................................ s and allied products.................. Clay, glass, and stone products. Clothing manufacture.............. Food and kindred products....................... . Iron and steel and their products................ Leather and its finished products............... Liquors and beverages................................ Lumber and its remanufacture................... Metals and metal products other than iron and steel.................................................. Paper and paper products.. Printing and bookbinding. Textiles.............................. Miscellaneous industries.... Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone.................. Railroad transportation............................. Road, street, and bridge transportation... Water transportation................................. Trade.................................................................. Public service............ Professional service.. Domestic and personal service. Industry not specified................... All occupations: 11 2 28 56 39 18 10 390 7 9 9 36 5 1 26 46 34 13 6 309 6 6 5 26 29 4 11 4 33 3 8 7 147 36 21 3 9 2 27 2 6 7 124 25 6 4 74 121 26 180 82 44 35 5 67 125 14 5 3 58 99 23 129 70 35 29 4 56 87 11 19 2 1 1 1 14 3 4 1 16 2 2 1 1 1 8 1 Males.......... Females___ 1,937 269 Total.............................................. Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown....... 2,266 331 ~102 1 1 17 2,348 Total unemployed. DULUTH, BONN. Agricultural pursuits.................................... Extraction of minerals: M in in g .............................. . ............................... Manufacturing and mechanical industries M. 5 Building trades..................................... Chemicals and allied products.............. Clay, glass, and stone products............. Clothing manufacture.......................... 5 Food and kindred products.................. 2 Iron and steel and their products.......... 1 1 4 86 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS. TABLE 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. DULUTH, MINN.—Concluded. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. causes. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. _ Liquors and nQveragAS........... ........ . T..i«nh<vr and its f ................................. Metals and metal products other than Iron and steel........................................... Paper, and paper products.......................... Printing ancl 6oo^binding........................... yisnftiiflnftrma industries.............................. M. M. 4 10 4 10 M. M. M. M. F. 2 2 3 18 3 1 1 3 17 2 1 1 1 2 44 24 23 48 31 1 1 43 19 22 42 25 1 1 5 1 6 2 2 2 2 8 3 11 11 1 2 2 5 9 1 5 344 55 295 44 40 6 9 5 399 339 46 14 1 Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone.................... M. F. Railroad transportation.............................. M. Road, street, and bridge transportation___ M. Water transportation.................................. M. Trade................................................................ M. F. Public service: Public administration................................. M. Public defense and maintenance of law and order......................................1................. M. Professional service......................................... M. F. Domestic and personal service....................... M. F. An occupations: Males................................................. Females............................................. Total.............................................. Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ Total nnenmloved.......................... 1 1 4 1 1 1 5 2 10 409 1 KANSAS CITY, MO. M. F. 17 3 15 3 1 Mining....................................................... . M. Quarrying................................................... M: Salt, oil, and natural gas production.......... M. 4 7 2 2 6 1 2 1 773 3 47 12 4 168 20 57 5 8 4 30 1 630 2 39 9 3 132 14 42 5 7 2 25 77 1 8 9 1 1 2 13 9 1 3 94 21 6 1 1 2 12 6 1 2 74 17 Agricultural pursuits........................................ . Extraction of minerals: Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades........................................... Chemicals and allied products.................... Clay, glass, and stone products................... Clothing manufacture................................. Food and kindred products........................ Iron and steel and their products.............. . Leather and its finished products............... Liquors and beverages.............................. . Lumber and its remanufecture................... . M. M. M. M. F. M. F. M. M. M. F. M. F. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel................................................... M. F. Paper and paper products......................... . M. F. Printing and bookbinding.......................... M. F. Textiles....................................................... M. F. Miscellaneous industries............................ . M. F. 1 1 3 1 28 5 10 8 1 5 1 2 1 65 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 13 3 1 7 1 87 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T ab le 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. KANSAS CITY, MO.—Concluded. Number unemployed from specified cause. Sex. Industry and occupation. Transportation: Express companies................................. Post, telegraph, and telephone............... Railroad transportation.......................... Road, street, and bridge transportation. Trade........................................................... Public service: Public administration................................. Public defense and maintenance of law and order................. ...................................... Professional service......................................... Domestic and personal service. Industry not specified.................. All occupations: Males............ Females........ Total............................................... Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ Number ployed. No work Sickness Strikes or dis or to be found. ability. lockouts. 2 10 15 156 263 206 18 2 7 7 117 196 155 12 Other 1 3 16 18 13 2 25 15 27 15 160 557 3 10 17 11 126 391 2 2 4 3 21 101 1 3 6 1 12 65 2,118 673 1,664 471 284 125 165 77 2,791 2,135 409 242 24 2,815 Total unemployed. LOUISVILLE, KY. 5 3 1 1 82 3 2 6 6 8 10 6 6 1 6 58 2 1 4 5 5 9 6 4 1 4 5 19 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 43 10 3 1 2 1 1 1 33 5 1 16 15 5 35 17 2 4 2 21 35 1 12 11 3 20 8 2 2 1 15 18 1 3 16 282 74 201 41 31 21 1 50 11 Total............................................. Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown----- 356 242 52 1 61 Total unemployed......................... 399 Agricultural pursuits...................................... Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades...................................... Chemicals and allied products................ Clay, glass, and stone products.............. I manufacture............................. Food and kindred products.......... Iron and steel and their products.. Leather and its finished products.. Liquors and beverages.................. Lumber and its remanufacture................... Metals and metal products other than iron and steel.................................................. Paper and paper products. Printing and Textiles........................... Miscellaneous industries.. Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone............... Railroad transportation......................... Road, street, and bridge transportation.. . . Water transportation.............................. Trade......................... '................................. Public service........... Professional service. Domestic and personal service. All occupations: Males........................ Females..................... 43 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 * 2 1 6 2 1 1 2 3 1 5 2 4 2 2 1 1 10 7 2 3 1 88 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. MILWAUKEE, WIS. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. Industry and occupation. AgrtrtritnMl pursuits ................ ........ ..... Extraction o f minerals: Mining...................... ........... ........ .......... Quarrying.......... rT,, r. Tr -....................... Manufacturing and mechanical Industries: Building trades. . . . . . . . . ..................... rifiAinfr% and allied products.................... Clothing manufacture. . . . . . . *».................. Other causes. 1 M. 4 3 M. M. 1 2 2 M. M. M. F. Food and kindred p r o d u c t s . r..........- M. F. M. Iron and and their products........ . F. Tweather ft-* finishmi products. M. F. Liquor* a^d beverages....... ................ M. F. Lumber ai^d its remanufacture................... M. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel................................................... M. Paper and paper products........................... M. F. Printing bookbinding........................... M. F. M. T extiles............................................. F. urigftftiiflTiAftngindustries.............................. M. F. Transportation: Post, telegraph, «vnd telephone............. M. HftflwaH trflnannrtfttjOP . ■- T., - Tt. T_______ M. Road, street, and bridge transportation— M. Water transportation............... .............. M. F. Trade................................................................ M. F. Public service: Public administration................... ............. M. Public defense and maintenance of law and o rd er................................................ M. Professional service......................................... M. F. Domestic and personal service....................... M. F. Industry not specified........................................ M. 220 3 7 4 18 3 30 1 52 18 15 1 16 187 2 5 3 15 3 26 1 43 14 10 1 11 5 20 1 6 5 3 6 162 24 5 16 1 5 3 2 6 137 18 4 10 41 4 1 71 22 3 7 32 3 1 51 15 10 4 12 7 5 2 22 2 30 42 33 1 19 2 21 31 29 1 2 1 7 8 1 2 3 3 793 130 642 99 87 18 1 63 13 Total............................................... Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown....* . 923 741 105 1 76 Total unemployed.......................... 1,030 All occupations: Males................................................... Fem ales.............................................. 1 107 MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. Extraction o f minerals: Quarrying............................................. Manufacturing and mechanical industries Building wades..................................... Clav, glass, and stone products............. Clothing manufacture.......................... Food and kindred products.................. Iron and steel and their products......... Leather and its finished products......... Liquors and beverages.......................... Lumber and its remanufecture............. Paper and paper products..................... Printing and bookbinding.................... 75 1 1 18 2 20 2 8 14 4 2 1 20 1 1 13 1 1 1 2 I 3 4 1 3 1 4 3 2 1 4 1 3 1 2 1 9 3 16 3 1 I 5 2 4 1 10 3 89 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 9 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.-Concluded. Number unemployed from specified cause. Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes Other or dis or to be found. ability. lockouts. causes. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. Textiles........................................................ M. F. Miscellaneous -. t. . . . . . . . . . T. r M. F. Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone.................... M. F. M. Railroad transportation............. ............. Road, street, and bridge transportation___ M. Trad© ........................ .............. ***»*......... a M. F. Public service: M. Public administration... - ................. Public defense and maintenance of law and order......................................................... M. Professional service.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Domestic and persona] service....................... M. F. IwJpi^ry not specified......... Tr.. - . ___ M. 3 1 30 5 1 1 28 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 2 27 32 45 18 5 1 21 24 35 15 3 8 5 2 64 60 4 2 9 3 34 24 21 2 6 3 27 16 19 1 3 1 All occupations: Males................................................. Females.. . . . . . . . T- - -. -. r. ... - 438 57 373 41 39 6 2 24 10 Total unemployed.......................... 495 414 • 45 2 34 1 1 3 5 1 3 6 5 1 ST. PAUL, MINN. Agricultural pursuits........................................ Extraction o f ............. ................... Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades........................................... Chemicals and allied products.................... Clay, glass, and stone products................... Clothing manufacture.................................. Food and kindred products........................ Iron and steel and their products................ Leather and its finished products............... 1 1 M. M. 5 2 4 1 M. F. M. M. F. M. M. M. F. M. M. 134 3 2 8 1 5 12 16 5 4 12 120 3 2 6 13 3 9 15 4 3 10 2 3 4 4 11 1 3 31 5 3 4 6 1 2 1 2 25 4 1 5 1 1 Liquors and beverages................................ Lumber and its remanuiacture................... Metals and metal products other than iron and steel................... .............................. M. Paper and paper products........................... M. Printing and bookbinding........................... M. F. Textiles....................................................... M. Mfgeeiiflneoiig Industries............................ M. F. Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone................... M. F. Railroad transportation.............................. M. Road, street, and bridge transportation___ M. Trade................................................................ M. F. Public service.................................................... M. Professional service...................... . M. F. Domestic and personal service........................ M. F. 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 5 8 38 38 45 22 14 12 2 29 16 5 7 31 31 32 15 10 8 21 11 1 4 2 6 3 3 3 1 7 3 434 63 351 44 57 9 3 23 10 Total............................................... Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ 497 395 60 3 33 Total unemployed......................... 582 All occupations: Males................................................. Females............................................. 85 1 3 5 6 4 1 1 1 1 2 90 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAtF OF LABOR STATISTICS. T ab le 9 .— NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. SPRINGFIELD, MO. Number unemployed from specified Number Sex. unem ployed. No work Sickness Strikes or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. Industry and occupation. Other Agricultural pursuits....................................... . Extraction of minerals: Quarrying................................................ Salt, oil, and natural gas production...... Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades........................................ Clav, glass, and stone products................ Clothing manufacture............................. Food and kindred products.................... Iron and steel and their products.......... Lumber and its remanufacture............... Printing and bookbinding...................... Miscellaneous industries......................... Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone............... Railroad transportation.......................... Road, street, and bridge transportation. Water transportation............................. Trade............... „ . .......................................... Public service: Public administration................................. Public defense and maintenance of law and order........................................................ Professional service........................................... Domestic and personal service......................... Industry not specified.......................................... All occupations: Males. 130 20 Total............................................... Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ 150 Total unemployed. 109 12 162 TOLEDO, OHIO. Agricultural pursuits................................... . Extraction of minerals: 1 M i n i n g .............................................................. Salt, on, and natural gas production----- Manufacturing and mechanical industries Building trades Chemicals and a Clay, glass, and stone products.................. Clothing manufacture................................ Food and kindred products....................... Iron and steel and their products............... Leather and its finished products.............. Liquors and beverages............................... Lumber and its remanufacture.................. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel................................................ Printing and bookbinding......................... Textiles............................................. .— Miscellaneous industries............................ Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone.................. Railroad transportation............................. Road, street, and bridge transportation... Water transportation................................. I ll 3 1 39 2 7 2 9 4 199 6 5 3 14 3 1 35 2 7 2 8 3 168 4 3 3 10 12 8 1 177 19 7 5 1 155 15 2 2 62 1 70 6 **48 9 3 4 i 1 19 2 1 12 2 2 3 1 2 2 11 11 4 1 2 11 1 9 1 2 2 1 91 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b le 9 .— NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OP UNEMPLOYMENT-Conduded. TOLEDO, OHIO—Concluded. Sex. Industry and occupation. Trade................................................................. . Number unemployed from specified Number unem No work Strikes ployed. Other or dis to be or found. ability. lockouts. 54 Public service: Public administration............................... . Public defense and maintenance of law and order................................................. Professional service.......................................... 26 Domestic and personal service. All occupations: Males............ Females........ 852 120 Total.............................................. Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ 972 Total unemployed.......................... 1,102 725 77 78 48 13 108 61 130 WILKES-BARRE, PA. Agricultural pursuits....................................... Extraction of minerals................................... Manufacturing and mechanical industries: Building trades........................................ Chemicals and allied products.................. Clay, glass, and stone products. Clothing manufacture............... Food and kindred products.... Iron and steel and their products.............. Leather and its finished products............. Liquors and beverages.............................. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel................................................. Printing and bookbinding........................ Textiles.................................................... Miscellaneous industries.. Industry not specified............................... Transportation: Post, telegraph, and telephone................. Railroad transportation......................... Road, street, and bridge transportation... Other forms of transportation................... Trade: Clerical assistants...................................... Wholesale and retail trade. 225 159 86 6 1 3 10 2 13 1 5 134 84 5 1 2 9 2 10 1 3 3 2 22 89 14 7 32 3 1 21 82 9 6 20 1 1 5 4 1 9 3 7 2 33 33 4 5 1 24 28 4 2 1 8 3 1 2 27 4 37 19 20 4 26 17 8 11 7 2 17 15 7 5 4 2 12 9 1 6 3 939 146 658 128 245 14 3 33 4 1,085 786 259 3 37 Public service: Public administration................................ Public defense and maintenance of law and order................................................ Professional service.......................................... Domestic dnd personal service. All occupations: Males............ Females........ T ota l............................................. Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ Total unemployed. 115 1,200 2 155 1 23 2 1 20 3 401 1 1 2 1 3 2 2 1 7 1 10 2 1 2 4 4 92 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Of the 68,084 unemployed in the above cities for whom cause of unemployment was secured, 82,7 per cent were apparently able and willing to work, but could not find employment; 11 per cent were prevented from working on account of sickness or disability; 0.5 per cent, on account of strikes or lockouts; and 5.9 per cent because of other reasons. In the table which follows, the per cent of wage earners unem ployed from each specified cause in each city is shown, the percent ages being based upon the number of wage earners reporting. Table 10.—SUMMARY OF CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN 16 CITIES. City. Boston, Mass.......... Bridgeport, Conn... CUwSand, Ohio----Duluth, Minn........ . Kansas City, Mo----Louisville, K y........ Milwaukee. W is----Minneapolis, Minn.., Philadelphia, P a ... Pittsburgh, Pa....... St. Louis, Mo.......... St. Paul,Minn....... Springfield, Mo....... Toledo, Ohio.......... Wilkes-Barre, P a ... Total............. Wage earners Per cent of wage earners unem unemployed. ployed from each specified cause. Number of wage earners No Sick Strikes report Number. Per work ness or or Other ing. cent. to be disa lock causes. found bility. outs. 77,419 12,533 157,616 24,934 2,089 22,512 3,036 13,112 3,449 137,244 53,336 104,499 4,135 2,284 10,312 18,884 7,863 537 20,952 2,348 425 2,815 399 1,030 495 14,147 5,942 14,219 582 162 1,102 1,200 10.16 4.28 13.29 9.42 20.34 12.50 13.14 7.86 14.40 10.31 11.14 13.61 14.07 7.09 10.69 6.35 7.84 2.98 11.16 7.60 17.11 9.58 8.91 6.34 11.54 8.52 9.49 11.80 11.21 5.16 8.83 4.63 1.73 1.04 1.21 1.37 2.50 1.83 1.91 .90 1.26 1.03 1.00 1.16 1.88 1.80 1.19 1.53 0.09 .01 .11 (l) .01 .02 0.54 .27 .82 .42 .69 1.08 2.24 .65 .95 .72 .56 .60 .93 .14 .67 .22 647,394 74,218 11.46 9.51 1.27 .06 .68 .03 .04 .01 .06 .02 .06 .04 .08 •i Less than one-hundredth of 1 per cent. Of the 647,394 wage earners concerning whom reports were secured 11.5 per cent were unemployed. Assuming that the causes of unem ployment among those reporting as to causes were representative of all, 9.51 per cent of the entire number were unemployed because of inability to find work, 1.27 per cent because of sickness or disa bility, 0.06 per cent because of strikes and lockouts, and 0.68 per cent from other causes. The percentage unemployed because no work was to be found varied from 2.98 in Bridgeport, Conn., to 17.11 in Duluth, Minn., while percentages in excess of 10 were reported in Chicago, Minne apolis, St. Paul, and St. Louis. The percentage unemployed on account of sickness or disability ranged from 0.90 in Milwaukee to 2.50 in Duluth, Minn. Other cities showing a high percentage due to this cause were Louisville, 1.91; St. Paul, Minn., 1.88; Kansas City, 1.83, and Springfield, Mo., 1.80. It is of significance to note that the percentage unemployed because of strikes and lockouts was very small—only 0.06. This eliminates labor disputes as an important factor in the unemployment situation at the time of the survey. 93 UNEM PLOYM ENT IN THE UNITED STATES. UNEMPLOYMENT IN 12 CITIES IN ROCKY MOUNTAIN AND PACIFIC COAST STATES. During June and July, 1914, the third of the series of unemployment investigations was inaugurated and covered 12 cities in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast States. This canvass was also made by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., in the same manner as the previous investigations. The following table shows in summary form the results of the canvass in the 12 cities named: Table 11.—SUMMARY OF UNEMPLOYMENT SURVEY IN 12 BOCKY MOUNTAIN AND PACIFIC COAST CITIES. City. Per cent Unemployed. Number Number of families Number of wage of of per families having sons in earners can unem families. in Per vassed. families. Num ploy ber. cent. ment. 3,557 Butte, Mont.......................... 5,621 Los Angeles, Cal................... 2,927Cal .........................Oakland, 581 Ogden, Utah......................... Portland, Oreg...................... 1,783 Sacramento. Cal.................... 1,288 1,052 Salt Lake city, Utah............ Stan Diego, Cal....................... 1,466 Sftn Francisco, Cal................ 5,320 10,112 Seattle, Wash........................ 1,012 Spokane, Wash..................... 1,818 Tacoma, Wash...................... Total............................ 36,537 Part-time work ers. Num ber. Per cent. 7.6 13.1 15.1 5.7 23.4 11.8 14.3 18.3 19.5 15.0 19.0 21.3 13,148 21,414 11,478 2,668 6,711 4,856 4,436 5,682 20,810 36,242 3,479 6,977 4,229 7,227 4,256 887 2,347 1,856 1,664 1,828 7,749 13,473 1,259 2,558 298 822 510 40 469 170 173 305 1,206 1,713 210 457 7.0 11.4 12.0 4.5 20.0 9.2 10.4 16.7 15.6 12.7 16.7 17.9 536 1,744 1,144 127 406 439 295 533 1,971 1,992 257 527 12.7 24.1 26.9 14.3 17.3 23.7 17.7 29.2 25.4 14.8 20.4 20.6 15.3 137,901 49,333 6,373 12.9 9,971 20.2 This table shows that in the 36,537 families canvassed in the 12 cities visited, with a total membership of 137,901 persons, there were 49,333 wage earners, of whom 6,373 were out of work, the number unemployed being 12.9 per cent of all wage earners in the families. The highest percentage of wholly unemployed was found in Port^ land, Oreg., where 20 per cent, or one-fifth, of all wage earners were out of work. The smallest percentage of unemployed was found in Ogden, Utah, where only 4.5 per cent were found out of work. The other cities where a large percentage of unemployment was found were: Tacoma, 17.9 per cent; Spokane, 16.7 per cent; San Diego, 16.7 per cent; and San Francisco, 15.6 per cent. The other 7 cities showed percentages of unemployment less than the average for the 12 cities, and ranged from 12.7 per cent in Seattle to 4.5 per cent in Ogden. It should be noted, however, that in addition to the number wholly unemployed at the time the canvass was made there were 9,971, or 20.2 per cent of all wage earners covered by the survey, who were employed only part time, which magnifies to a greater or less extent the distress resulting from unemployment. The percentages of these part-time workers ranged from 29.2 per cent in San Diego, Cal., to 12.7 per cent in Butte, Mont. In this connection attention 94 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. should be directed to the fact that the number of persons shown as part-time workers include all who worked any period less than full time. In many instances the time worked may have been but slightly less than full time, while in other cases only a few hours per day or one or more days per week may have been worked. The extent of unemployment, taking into consideration the part-time workers, par ticularly in the cities of the Pacific Coast States, is very large and probably abnormal for the summer season. These large figures are probably accounted for to some extent at least by the fact that there had been a large influx of wage earners seeking employment in con nection with the two expositions in California, and the supply of labor being found greater than the demand, they drifted to various points throughout the Pacific Coast States. Owing to the compara tively small number of families canvassed in these 12 cities, a sepa rate tabulation for each city, as in the preceding investigation, was not deemed practicable. A tabulation has been made, therefore, for all 12 cities- combined. OCCUPATIONS OF UNEMPLOYED. In making the canvass an attempt was made to ascertain the spe cific occupation of each unemployed person. This information was secured for 5,830 of the total of 6,373 cases. Of this number 4,316 have been tabulated by sex, occupation, and period of time out of work. The other 1,514 were reported in a large number of unim portant occupations and the number in each was so small that all have been combined and tabulated in one miscellaneous group, under the designation “ All other occupations.” The table follows: TABLE 1 2 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT. Occupation. Agents, solicitors, and canvassers Bartenders................................ . Blacksmiths and horseshoers— Boiler makers............................. Bookkeepers............................... Bricklayers................................ Butchers................................... Cabinetmakers.......................... Carpenters................................. . Cashiers..................................... Cement-fectory employees........ Chauffeurs.................................. Clerks........................................ Cooks (not in domestic service).. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of Num days. ber unSex. employ- lto 7 8 to 13 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 121 to 181 Not re ed. 60 90 120 180 and pored. over. 14 32 41 17 486 5 12 41 61 238 101 67 15 5 8 9 4 3 1 5 11 3 68 1 1 10 9 29 15 2 3 1 5 6 8 9 1 1 6 2 50 1 2 5 8 34 15 11 2 3 1 3 3 3 6 1 33 2 5 15 7 4 3 7 18 11 9 4 8 5 4 92 2 2 9 13 39 20 19 6 12 21 6 19 1 7 9 3 122 16 1 3 4 1 40 2 7 7 44 19 12 3 1 2 1 35 10 6 4 2 1 1 95 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T able 12.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of Num days. ber unSex. em181 Not re ploy- 1 to 7 8 to 13 14 to 31 to 61 to 91 to 121to and 30 90 120 180 over. ported. ed. 60 Occupation. 211 Domestic servants...................... F 40 T)r^snnf^<^>i it_______________ F 283 Drivers................ ........ ............. M 61 F,]Ar»triciaTis................... ............ M M 25 7 I n s p e c t o r s ..................... M Laborers.................................... M 977 M T^firahnr$ni$n............- , T 40 Machinist*__________________ M. 168 Miners......................................... M. 183 Molders....................................... M. 22 40 Nurses.— . ................... -............ F. 14 P ack ers.................................... M. F. 14 Painters,paper hangers,and dec orators.................................. M. 138 Plasterers................................... M. 50 102 Plum bers.................................. M. M. 31 Porters..................................... Printing employees..................... M. 33 Salesmen..................................... M. 127 Saleswomen............. .................. F. 38 Stationary engineers.................. M. 83 11 Stationary firem en.................... M. 91 Steam railroad employees........... M. M. Stenographers 11 F. 95 42 Waiters...................................... M. Watchmen................................. M. 23 Ail other occupations.................. M. 1,217 F. 297 6 1 11 1 1 28 4 7 1 3 2 1 6 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 44 35 9 4 46 20 4 11 6 ...... 34 5 53 10 9 2 211 10 32 62 3 10 2 1 23 4 25 2 2 7 2 5 4 7 i 8 4 2 142 49 146 7 18 22 3 5 3 3 59 1 9 13 1 2 19 13 14 4 6 17 9 8 26 8 10 3 3 14 5 10 8 1 13 10 1 166 39 8 1 12 5 2 112 36 13 1 10 2 1 8 2 2 1 5 7 1 3 76 25 19 26 11 10 18 24 5 5 11 7 26 26 3 6 25 * 21 4 4 17 36 1 5 16 19 8 8 7 5 211 290 33 54 2 1 2 23 9 52 15 3 3 166 7 47 20 6 5 2 2 148 8 25 20 4 4 3 3 2 30 12 1 13 4 34 6 3 146 5 25 26 3 10 4 3 20 4 19 7 4 20 9 11 2 7 2 18 6 1 188 48 1 33 4 41 12 2 1 70 8 13 2 4 12 3 5 All occupations: Males.............................. Females.......................... 4,953 877 131 25 14 1 722 164 674 127 603 118 325 64 922 1,137 117 154 425 107 Total........................... 5,830 156 15 886 801 721 389 1,039 1,291 532 This table shows that of the 5,830 unemployed of known occupa tion, 977,. or 16.8 per cent, were laborers. The other occupations showing a large number out of work were: Carpenters, 486, or 8.3 per cent; clerks, 339, or 5.8 per cent; drivers, 283, or 4.9 per cent; domestic servants, 211, or 3.6 per cent; miners, 183, or 3.1 per cent; machinists, 168, or 2.9 per cent; salesmen and saleswomen, 165, or 2.8 per cent; and painters and paper hangers, 138, or 2.4 per cent. DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT. In order to secure a measure of the distress resulting from unem ployment, the length of time each person had been out of work was reported and the results are shown by occupation in the preceding table. The duration of unemployment is summarized by sex without regard to occupation and shown in the table following, the percentages being based on the number of cases of known duration. 96 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, 13.—NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED EACH CLASSI FIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEMPLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS IN 12 ROCKY MOUNTAIN AND PACIFIC COAST CITIES. Number and per cent. T able Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemoloyment. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 1 to 7 days.................................................. 8 to 13 days................................................ 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days..................... ......................... 61 to 90 days.............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days and over...................................... 131 14 722 674 603 325 922 1,137 2.9 .3 15.9 14.9 13.3 7.2 20.4 25.1 25 1 164 127 118 64 117 154 3.2 .1 21.3 16.5 15.3 8.3 15.2 20.0 156 15 886 801 721 389 1,039 1,291 2.9 .3 16.7 15.1 13.6 7.3 19.6 24.4 Total known..................................... Unknown.................................................. 4,528 425 100.0 770 107 100.0 5,298 532 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 4,953 877 5,830 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days............................................ Over 120 days............................................ Over 90 days^............................................ Over 60 days.............................................. Over 30 days.............................................. Over 13 days.............................................. Over 7 days................................................ 1 day and over........................................... 1,137 2,059 2,384 2,987 3,661 4,383 4,397 4,528 25.1 45.5 52.7 66.0 80.9 96.8 97.1 100.0 154 271 335 453 580 744 745 770 20.0 35.2 43.5 58.8 75.3 96.6 96.8 100.0 1,291 2,330 2,719 3,440 4,241 5,127 5,142 5,298 24.4 44.0 51.3 64.9 80.0 96.8 97.1 100.0 From the above table it will be seen that the unemployment was to a large extent of long duration. Nearly one-fourth had been unem ployed 181 days and over; nearly one-fifth from 121 to 180 days. Four-fifths had been unemployed over 30 days. CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT. The information secured from each family included so far as possible a statement of the cause of each unemployed wage earner's unemployment. This information was found difficult to secure accurately in a number of cases. The following table, however, shows by sex and occupation the principal causes of unemployment as reported by the individuals themselves: T able 14.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT. Occupation. agAnt.g solicitors, ffnd canvassers.................................... Bartenders ..... .... ....... ........... .................................... Blacksmiths and horseshoers........................................... Boiler makers.................................................................. Bookkeepers................................................................... Cause of unemployment. Num ber Sick Strikes Sex. unem No ness or and Other ployed. work lock reasons. disa to be found. bility. outs. M. M. M. M. M. F. 24 41 68 33 60 14 14 31 54 25 47 10 2 5 10 3 6 1 1 3 8 5 3 2 7 3 97 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b u s 1 1 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded. Occupation. Cause of unemployment. Num ber Sick Strikes Sex. unem No Other ness or and ployed. work disa lock reasons. to be found. bility. outs. Bricklayers...................................................................... Butchers........... ............................................................. Cabinet-makers............................. ....... Carpft?it«rs.. t.................................. .............................. Casniers............................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. 32 27 41 M. 31 M. 16 17 M. 404 486 5 M. 3 9 F. 12 Cement-factory employees............................................... M. 41 37 Chauffeurs..................................................................... M. 52 61 ClflrTrs....................................................... ..................... M. 238 193 F. 101 88 Cooks (not in domestic service)....................................... M. 54 67. F. 13 15 Dnmestfaservants......................... T- . ...................... F. 211 152 Dressmakers................................. ................ -....... 31 40 F. Drivers............................................................................ M. 283 215 Electricians.................................................................. . M. 61 57 Foremen and overseers.................................................... M. 25 17 7 5 Inspectors........................................................................ M. Laborers.......................................................................... M. 817 977 Longshoremen................................................................. M. 27 40 147 Machinists....................................................................... M. 168 Miners.......................................................... ; ................. M. 183 62 Molders......................................... ................................. M. 22 19 Nurses............................................................................. F. 31 40 11 Packers................... ........................................................ M. 14 F. 12 14 Painters, paper hangers, and decorators......................... M. 138 117 M. 45 Plasterers........................................................................ 50 Plumbers........................................................................ M. 102 88 Porters.......... ................................................................. M. 31 23 33 26 Printing employees......................................................... M. Salesmen...................... . , ........ ......................... M. 127 97 Saleswomen..................................................................... F. 38 30 Stationary engineers........................................................ M. 83 €8 Stationary firemen.......................................................... M. 8 11 Steam railroad employees............................................... M. 91 58 11 Stenographers................................................................. M. 10 F. 79 95 Waiters.......................................................................... M. 42 31 Watchmen....................................................................... M. 23 20 1,217 918 All other occupations...................................................... M. F. 297 215 A11A f^A IO All OA CCUp&U UV D S*« Hales................................................................ 4,953 3,874 877 670 Females.............................................................. ......... rT - . ..................-.................... Occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown......................................................... 5,830 Total unemployed...................... ................ 6,373 4,544 3 9 1 49 2 1 1 3 16 5 9 30 8 41 2 8 2 91 12 7 50 1 8 2 1 9 4 8 4 6 19 6 6 2 12 1 5 2 2 144 43 2 1 2 5 1 2 4 54 1 3 4 1 19 31 2 3 6 29 8 4 2 24 1 26 2 67 •1 10 17 2 1 1 1 11 1 6 4 1 11 2 6 1 17 11 8 1 136 39 554 108 95 5 430 94 662 100 524 543 Among the 49,333 wage earners concerning whom information was secured 10.05 per cent were unemployed because unable to find work, 1.47 per cent because of sickness or disability, 0.22 per cent because of strikes and lockouts, and 1.16 per cent from other causes, or a total of 12.9 per cent from all causes. In this connection it should be borne in mind that there are in every city a certain number of persons out of work who will not accept employment in any occupation except that of their own particular trade, and also an indefinite number who will not accept employment of any kind even when offered. A portion of these are probably included under the cause, “ No work to be found.” 32666°—Bull. 195—16----- 7 98 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. UNEMPLOYMENT IN NEW YORK CITY, SECOND SURVEY BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, SEPTEMBER, 1915, The fourth investigation made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics was a second survey of New York City. Previous mention has been made of the unemployment survey of this city made in January and February, 1915, by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Metropoli tan Life Insurance Co., respectively, and reported in Bulletin 172. These surveys were made at a time when the abnormal extent of unemployment manifested itself in a number of different ways. By the end of the summer, however, the feeling was general that condi tions had greatly improved since the preceding winter, but no measure of this improvement had been determined. In order to determine the falling off in unemployment between the winter season, when the number of wage earners out of work probably reached the highest point, and the summer season, when the number unemployed under normal conditions would probably be the smallest of the year, a sec ond survey was undertaken by both tHe Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. The canvass by the Bureau of Labor Statistics was made in August and September, 1915. The same 104 city blocks were covered as in the earlier investigation, the blocks having been carefully chosen so as to represent the different nationalities and industries of the city. A census was also made of individual tenement houses and residences in the same widely distributed assignments covered in the first inves tigation, but the number of houses included was somewhat larger, being 3,895, as against 3,703 in the former study. The summary of the results of this investigation and that of the February survey are given in parallel columns in the following table for purposes of comparison: T a b l e 1 5 . — UNEMPLOYMENT IN NEW YORK CITY, FEBRUARY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915. February, September, 1915. 1915. Item. Families canvassed................................................................................................ Families with, unemployment.............................................................................. Per cent of families with unemployment.............................................................. Persons in famflfas canvassed................................................................................ Persons per family................................................................................................ Number of wage earners........................................................................................ Wage earners per family....................................................................................... Full-time wage earners.......................................................................................... Per cent of wage earners employed fail tima......................................................... Part-time wage earners.......................................................................................... Per cent of wage earners employed part time....................................................... Unemployed wage earners.................................................................................... Per cent of wage earners unemployed................................................................... * Not tabulated. 54,849 11,723 21.4 229,428 4.2 95,443 1.7 M M m 15,417 16.2 56,539 5,480 9.7 235,628 4.2 97,741 1.7 83,036 85.0 8,176 8.4 6,529 6.7 99 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. The above summary shows that unemployment conditions had changed to a remarkable degree in the interval between the two surveys. This table shows that 56,539 families, with 6,529 unem ployed wage earners, were scheduled in the second investigation, as against 54,849 families, with 15,417 unemployed wage earners, in the first survey. In February the number unemployed per hundred wage earners was 16.2; by September this rate had dropped to 6.7 per hundred, indicating a marked revival in industry and a large in crease in the demand for labor. Because of the large numbers involved it is safe to estimate the total number unemployed in the entire city. The following table gives the estimates of the total number out of work in New York City, by sex, with unemployment rates, as made for both surveys. These estimates are based upon the number of wage earners given in the 1910 United States Census1 (with proper allowance for increase in population), the unemployment rates obtained in the surveys, and the sex distribution of the unemployed canvassed. T a b l e 1 6 . — ESTIMATED NUMBER AND PER CENT OF UNEMPLOYED WAGE EARNERS IN NEW YORK CITY, FEBRUARY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915, BY SEX. Males. Time of survey. February, 1915........................ September, 1915...................... Estimated un employed. 336,230 127,842 Total. Females. Per cent of wage earners. 18.8 7.1 Estimated un employed. Per cent of wage earners. Estimated un employed. 61,770 37,094 9.2 5.5 398,000 164,936 Percent of wage earners. 16.2 6.7 The above figures show that the distress caused by unemployment conditions in February was to a large extent alleviated by September. The total number unemployed was nearly two and one-half times as great in February as in September. However, the estimate of about 165,000 unemployed in September must be regarded as a minimum because a similar estimate based on the results of the September survey by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. gives 224,000 unem ployed. Similarly the unemployment rate of 6.7 per cent must be regarded as a minimum because the corresponding survey by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. showed an unemployment rate of 9.1 per cent. DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT. The next table shows the unemployed in September, 1915, classified by sex and duration of unemployment and the corresponding informa tion for the February survey given in parallel columns. i Vol. IV, Occupation Statistics. 100 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 17.—NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN NEW YORK CITY, FEB RUARY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915, UNEMPLOYED EACH CLASSIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS. T able February. Duration of unemploy ment. Males. Females. September. Total. Males. Females. Total. Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. 1 to 7 days....................... 8 to 13 days..................... 14 to 30 days.................... 31 to 60 days.................... 61 to 90 days.................... 91 to 120 days.................. 121 to 180 days................ 181 days and over............ 766 530 1,469 2,570 2,126 1,686 1,968 1,440 6.1 4.2 11.7 20.5 16.9 13.4 15.7 11.5 221 130* 324 504 339 244 321 215 9.6 5.7 14.1 21.9 14.8 10.6 14.0 9.4 987 660 1,793 3,074 2,465 1,930 2,289 1,655 6.6 322 4.4 267 12.1 667 20.7 738 16.6 656 13.0 439 15.4 454 11.1 1,254 6.7 5.6 13.9 15.4 13.7 9.2 9.5 26.1 91 74 215 283 215 139 132 236 6.6 413 5.3 341 15.5 882 20.4 1,021 15.5 871 10.0 578 9.5 586 17.0 1,490 6.7 5.5 14.3 16.5 14.1 9.3 9.5 24.1 Total known.......... 12,555 100.0 2,298 100.0 j,14,853 100.0 4,797 100.0 1,385 j100.0 6,182 100.0 63 52 22 Unknown........................ 46 17 74 Total unemployed. 12,601 2,315 ........ 14,916 i.......... 4,849 I ! 6,256 1,407 It will be noticed that of the males unemployed in September, 1,254, or 26.1 per cent, were out of work 181 days or over—that is, 6 months or more.1 . The corresponding number for the February survey was 1,440, or 11.5 per cent. This would indicate that a con siderable number listed as unemployed in February had not found work in the interval between the two surveys, and consequently reap peared in the September survey. The figures of the previous table are presented in another form in the next table, which gives the cumulative number and per cent of wage earners out of employment each specified number of days. The percentages for the two surveys are very similar except for the group “ over 180 days,” which has been discussed above. The number of people unemployed over 60 days was nearly 60 per cent of the total in both surveys. T a b l e 1 8 .— CUMULATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN NEW YORK CITY, FEBRUARY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915, UNEMPLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS. February. Duration of unemploy ment. Males. Females. September. Total. Males. Females. Total. Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per Num Per ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. ber. cent. Over 180 days.................. 1,440 11.5 215 Over 120 days.................. 3,408 27.1 536 Over 90 days................... 5,094 40.6 780 Over 60 days................... 7,220 57.5 1,119 Over 30 days................... 9,790 78.0 1,623 Over 13 days................... 11,259 89.7 1,947 Over 7 days..................... 11,789 93.9 2,077 1 day and over................ 12,555 100.0 2,298 9.4 23.3 33.9 48.7 70.6 84.7 90.4 100.0 1,655 3,944 5,874 8,339 11,413 13,206 13,866 14,853 11.1 26.6 39.5 56.1 76.8 88.9 93.4 100.0 1,254 1,708 2,147 2,803 3,541 4,208 4,475 4,797 26.1 35.6 44.8 58.4 73.8 87.7 93.3 100.0 236 368 507 722 1,005 1,220 1,294 1,385 17.0 26.6 36.6 52.1 72.6 88.1 93.4 100.0 1,490 2,076 2,654 3,525 4,546 5,428 5,769 6,182 24.1 33.6 42.9 57.0 73.5 87.8 93.3 100.0 i It may be noted that the corresponding percentage in the duration table of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.'s September survey is larger, viz, 30.3 per cent. See p. 109. 101 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. OCCUPATIONS OF UNEMPLOYED. The following table presents the number unemployed, classified by sex, industry, occupation, and periods of unemployment: T able 19.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT. NEW YORK CITY. Number of persons unemployed each classified number ofaays. Industry and occupation. ber Sex. unem ployed. Agricultural pursuits.................. M. Manufacturing and mechanical Industries: Building trades— Bricklayers...................... Building laborers............. Carpenters....................... Cement and concrete workers ••• ##l Painters and paper hang ers................................. 8 to 13 1 to 7 9 21 14 31 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 120 5 2 1 1 12 22 8 11 49 17 19 43 20 11 25 14 8 21 12 13 101 248 130 14 to 30 121 181 Not and re to 180 over. port ed. 3 1 7 19 16 24 46 29 2 8 1 8 1 2 30 10 30 10 8 7 61 198 4 12 3 1 2 2 Plumbers and gas fitters.. Roofers........................... . Structural-iron workers... Other workers................ . 113 39 101 27 25 16 14 8 6 4 2 1 6 8 4 1 2 2 22 5 16 2 3 3 15 4 23 3 3 9 1 8 4 3 1 8 2 5 3 4 Total......................... 812 82 65 129 132 78 63 Chemicals and allied products. 11 4 5 2 2 4 5 1 2 5 2 3 2 3 12 10 3 5 4 7 2 4 1 4 6 3 1 5 4 35 9 1 35 5 51 9 1 38 3 36 16 2 21 15 2 30 7 21 13 16 39 35 1 26 2 28 11 44 1 52 15 5 26 8 6 2 8 3 6 1 1 8 2 1 12 Clay, glass, and stone prod ucts— Marble and stone cutters.. Other workers................. Clothing manufacture— Hatters............................ Suits, coats, cloaks, and overalls— Cutters..................... . Dressmakers.............. Tailors............ Other workers., Waist, underwear, neck wear, etc., makers........ Food and kindred products— Bakery workers............... Candy makers., Slaughter and packing house workers.............. Iron and steel and their prod ucts— Iron-foundry workers...... Iron and steel mill workMachine-shop workers__ Other workers................ . Leather and its finished prod ucts— Shoe factory operatives... Other workers.................. Liquors and beverages........... Lumber and its remanufac ture— Cabinetmakers................ Piano and organ makers... Other furniture workers.. Other woodworkers........ 23 28 1 28 2 1 4 1 2 3 46 239 97 6 241 11 227 101 15 3 7 11 10 4 29 12 8 58 10 1 43 2 38 23 12 63 2 3 2 2 14 1 12 1 11 57 6 11 13 4 8 2 2 2 2 11 2 1 4 10 1 4 1 3 3 2 18 3 2 1 3 4 4 20 2 4 3 3 1 1 6 17 51 63 1 4 2 1 9 2 5 7 4 10 9 3 9 6 2 5 7 1 10 7 4 6 16 48 8 24 21 3 3 3 2 3 4 11 2 6 3 5 1 1 2 1 2 13 1 1 12 2 2 2 2 3 2 27 58 23 26 4 2 2 3 5 3 5 6 6 1 2 4 10 4 3 3 11 1 2 3 6 2 4 7 15 9 8 7 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 6 1 102 BULLETIN' OF TH E BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. TABLE 1 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. NEW YORK CITY—Continued. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. 14 to 30 8 to 13 1 to 7 31 to 60 91 to 120 61 to 90 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Concluded. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Silversmiths and jewelry workers......................... M Other workers.................. M Paper and paper products___ M. F. Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees.. M F Printers and other em ployees.......................... M, F Textiles— Silk, lace, and other tex tile workers................... M F. Miscellaneous industries— M Blacksmiths Cigar and tobacco workers M. F. Furriers.......................... M F MAItam*... ______ F, Packers............................ M F. Porters............................. M. Other workers.................. M. F. Transportation: Express companies— D rivers.:......................... M. Other employees.............. M. Railroad employees................ M. Road,street, and bridgetrans portation— Chauffeurs....................... M. Livery-stable employees.. M. Street-railroad employees. M. Teamsters and drivers___ M. Telegraph and telephone em ployees................................ M. F. Watertransportation— Boat employees................ M. Longshoremen................. M. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and in suranceclerical employees............ M. F. Other employees.............. M. Wholesale and retail trade— Department-store em ployees.......................... M. F. Dry-goods-store employees M. F. Merchants and dealers___ M. Other forms of trade— Clerks,cashiers, and book keepers......................... M. F. Drivers............................. M. Errand boys and mes sengers .......................... M. Peddlers........................... M. Salesmen.......................... M. Saleswomen..................... F. Stenographers and type writers .......................... M. F. Other employees.............. M. F. 31 38 15 10 4 2 1 2 2 1 4 6 3 2 19 5 7 4 3 2 1 5 5 3 3 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 16 13 2 1 2 1 2 7 1 95 3 10 7 1 12 14 11 7 9 1 25 1 33 45 1 7 1 6 5 7 6 6 5 7 2 2 3 4 10 5 22 41 26 23 4 45 10 14 34 43 8 3 2 1 1 5 3 5 5 2 3 5 7 4 6 1 6 1 3 1 1 2 6 6 1 5 1 10 3 4 4 3 3 7 4 3 1 2 1 2 9 3 5 6 9 8 2 5 3 3 2 6 2 1 4 1 6 8 4 10 3 5 1 4 8 11 41 5 88 2 2 5 5 3 7 7 8 11 11 12 10 5 2 10 12 3 19 5 7 3 1 1 1 1 55 21 57 165 6 8 2 3 3 3 8 18 5 3 9 17 13 4 5 30 6 20 5 3 5 23 14 5 14 43 24 22 3 2 1 1 2 4 4 3 1 4 5 7 4 33 109 4 14 4 4 3 32 4 16 10 13 2 3 5 6 22 27 12 20 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 5 6 3 1 2 1 7 1 5 3 11 88 73 38 52 16 2 4 1 2 2 2 3 5 11 6 5 8 2 17 9 5 7 2 12 8 4 2 2 6 10 5 3 2 13 4 3 6 2 25 28 12 18 6 264 85 70 16 2 2 8 5 6 26 15 10 33 12 8 36 17 18 30 10 g 24 10 2 85 13 18 59 50 86 21 4 2 3 4 4 8 9 7 11 7 15 10 9 3 2 4 5 1 3 5 0 2 15 11 32 3 2 9 14 2 2 9 9 5 8 8 7 23 10 58 74 8 1 1 6 5 2 1 14 4 4 1 3 6 7 1 1 1 3 1 11 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 (j 1 103 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. TABLE 1 9 .— NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded. NEW YORK CITY—Concluded. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Public service: City employees.. -rT- . ........... Professional service: Public entertainers................ Num ber Sex. unem 1 ployed. to 7 M M, F. Other workers. ........... M F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service................... M F. Personalservice— Barbers and hairdressers.. M. F. Building employees......... M. F. Hotel employees...........*- M. F. Laundry workers............ M. F. Restaurant employees.... M. F. Saloon keepers, bar tenders, and other saloon employees.......... M. Industry not specified: Laborers................................. M. W atchmen........................... M. Other workers........................ M. F. 35 8 to 13 1 14 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 3 3 5 4 1 3 15 17 2 6 2 7 2 4 1 3 5 4 5 3 3 1 10 2 20 5 51 16 48 19 2 1 2 4 1 1 5 3 6 2 31 264 2 14 2 17 5 44 8 61 5 40 2 29 3 12 4 42 5 29 2 71 17 123 11 4 55 98 27 2 7 4 1 7 6 27 1 4 2 8 1 9 4 13 2 9 18 5 7 14 3 14 2 U 2 1 7 6 1 1 9 9 2 22 3 2 4 7 12 1 4 7 3 1 8 1 3 1 7 9 1 10 14 1 17 2 20 2 1 3 17 4 2 2 1 1 2 1 79 3 3 16 14 6 7 10 19 1 127 42 305 54 7 3 21 3 14 3 21 1 14 6 37 9 24 5 39 9 17 1 46 7 7 3 30 7 7 1 33 4 35 19 69 9 2 1 9 5 4,849 1,407 322 91 267 74 667 215 738 283 656 215 439 139 454 1,254 132 236 52 22 Total.......................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of unemployment un k n o w n .............. 6,256 413 341 882 1,021 871 578 586 1,490 74 Total unemployed. 6,529 All occupations: ............................. Females. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 The industries in the preceding table showing the largest numbers of unemployed are as follows: Clothing manufacture 1,071, or 17.1 per cent of the total for all occupations; building trades 812, or 13 per cent; domestic and per sonal service 811, or 13 per cent; road, street, and bridge transpor tation 298, or 4.8 per cent. UNEMPLOYMENT BATES IN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS. The following table has been prepared by the same method as those for other cities described on page 44. It shows approximately the total number of unemployed persons in each of certain specified occupations in Greater New York and the per cent such number is of the total number of wage earners in that occupation, which is the rate of unemployment. A similar table was made from the results obtained in the February census. (See Bulletin 172, p. 13.) 104 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. Table 20.—ESTIMATED NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED WAGE EARNERS AND PER CENT UNEMPLOYED IN EACH OF CERTAIN SELECTED OCCUPATIONS, NEW YORK CITY, SEPTEMBER, 1915, BY SEX. Females. Males. Total. Occupation. Number. Percent. Number. Percent, Number. Percent, Building trades: Bricklayers and stonemasons__ Carpenters.................................. Painters and paper hangers........ Plasterers Plumbers,*gas and steam fitters. 14.7 7.2 7.8 14.0 11.9 2.663 3,427 2,979 1,028 2.663 14.7 7.2 7.8 14.0 11.9 12,760 9.5 12,760 9.5 1,503 1,582 1,450 1,081 9,887 2,874 1,345 606 264 9.5 11.0 13.7 9.4 5.8 14.6 4.7 14.0 3.6 685 6.8 1,529 3.9 1,503 1,582 1,450 1,766 9,887 2,874 1,345 606 1,793 9.5 11.0 13.7 8.2 5.8 14.6 4.7 14.0 3.9 Total, selected occupations. 33,352 8.0 2,214 4.5 35,566 7.6 All occupations............................ 127,842 7.1 37,094 5.5 164,936 1^7 2.663 3,427 2,979 1,028 2.663 Total.................................................! Bakers............................................ Bartenders...................................... Chauffeurs...................................... Cigar makers and tobacco workers.. Laborers......................................... ^shoremen and stevedores........ Marble and stone cutters.......... Stenographers and typewriters. The table shows the highest unemployment rates among brick layers and stonemasons 14.7 per cent, longshoremen and stevedores 14.6 per cent, plasterers 14 per cent, marble and stone cutters 14 per cent, and chauffeurs 13.7 per cent. The following summary gives in parallel columns the unemployment rates in the occupations tabulated above for the February and September surveys: T a b l e 2 1 . — PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED IN SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS IN NEW YORK CITY, FEBRUARY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915. Occupation. Febru- Septem ber, 1915. 1»& Building trades: Bricklayers and stonemasons. Carpenters.............................. Painters and paper hangers__ Plasterers................................ Plumbers, gas and steam fitters................................... 32.5 25.9 43.9 37.1 14.7 7.2 7.8 14.0 23.1 11.9 Total.............................. 32.1 9.5 Bakers........................................... Bartenders..................................... 16.3 14.0 9.5 11.0 Occupation. Chauffeurs..... ............................. Cigar makers and tobacco work ers......................................... Febru- Septem ber, StL 1915. 28.1 13.7 Longshoremen and stevedores___ Machinists................................... Marble and stone cutters............. Stenographers and typewriters... 15.9 34.2 16.2 13.1 47.3 7.0 8.2 5.8 14.6 4.7 14.0 3.9 411 rtCMTnaHnns 16.2 6.7 This comparison shows that in nearly all of the occupations listed there was a very considerable decrease in the unemployment rate between February and September. Although the clothing industry contributed more unemployment than any other, it could not be included in the preceding table because of the fact that the classification of the clothing trade occupa tions in the report of the Bureau of the Census, which is used as the basis for computing the above percentages, is made on a different basis from that used in this study. Therefore, it is impossible to compute the unemployment rate for this industry. 105 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES, CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT. In the February survey the causes of unemployment were not tabulated. This has been done, however, for the September survey, and the next table gives the unemployed classified by industry, occu pation, sex, and cause of unemployment. T able 22.—NUMBER OP WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT. NEW YORK CITY. Industry and occupation. Agricultural pursuits...................................... . Manufacturing and mechanical Industries: Building trades— B riw y w s. T, r, . , . , . T- r-. Building laborers.. . . . . . . . . . T. -. ., r-. Carpenters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r.. . . . Cournot and concrete workers............... Painters and paper hangw? . . . . . . . . * Plasterers.. r...... ~ m T, T... . Plumbers and gas f i t t e r s ........... Roofers................................................ Structural-iron workers........................ Other workers...................................... Cause of unemployment. Number Sex. unem No work Sickness ployed. to be or dis Strikes or Other found. ability. lockouts. reasons. M. 13 9 3 M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. 101 248 130 12 113 39 101 27 25 16 79 196 101 8 96 20 86 22 21 12 19 46 25 3 14 9 11 4 3 3 2 2 1 812 641 137 16 11 4 10 4 1 23 28 21 23 1 4 28 25 2 1 2 6 1 Total............................................... Chemicals and allied products..................... M. F. Clay, glass, and stone products— Marble and stone cutters...................... M. Other workers....................................... M. Clothing manufacture— Hatters............................................ M. Suits, coats, cloaks, and overalls— Cutters............................................ M. Dressmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F. Pressers.......................................... M. F. Tailors............................................. M. F. Other workers................................. M. F. Waist, underwear, neckwear, etc., mak M. ers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . F. Food and kindred products— M. Bakery workers ............. .................. F. M. Candy makers.............................. F. Slaughter and packinghouse workers.. M. Iron and steel and their products— Iron-foundry workers............................ M. Iron and steel mill workers.................. M. Machine-shop workers.......................... M. Other workers....................................... M. Leather and its finished products— Shoe-factory operatives......................... M. F. Other workers....................................... M. Liquors and beverages................................ M. Lulnber and its remanufacture— Cabinetmakers..................................... M. M. Piano and organ makers............... . Other furniture workers........................ M. Other woodworkers............................. M. Metal and metal products other than iron and steel— Silversmiths and jewelry w ork ers...... M. Other workers....................... ............... M. Paper and paper products........................... M. F. 1 9 1 1 1 4 3 1 3 1 4 1 18 1 1 46 239 97 6 241 11 227 101 36 202 73 6 206 8 196 88 6 29 22 2 2 1 31 3 23 9 2 2 6 1 2 3 12 63 8 56 2 5 2 1 1 57 6 U 13 18 41 4 7 11 10 9 2 2 2 5 2 5 1 2 20 17 51 63 15 11 41 49 2 5 5 11 2 1 1 2 4 1 48 8 24 21 40 8 18 12 4 27 58 23 26 17 53 16 16 10 2 5 9 31 38 15 10 25 28 15 8 C 5 2 8 i 2 1 4 2 2 1 3 2 1 2 3 i 106 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T a b l e 2 2 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED B Y INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. NEW YORK CITY—Continued. Industry and occupation. Cause of unemployment. Number Sex. unem No work Sickness ployed. to be or dis Strikes or Other found. ability. lockouts. reasons. Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees....................... M. F. Printers and other employees............... M. F. Textiles— Silk, lace, and other textile workers___ M. F. Miscellaneous industries— Blfickmnitha- rT- . . . . . . . . T. . . . . . . . . . . . M. Cigar and toMcco workers.................... M. F. Furriers................................................. M. F. F. Milliners. Packers.. _______r... rT., ¥ , r.. M. F. Porters.................................................. M. Other workerSx M. F. Transportation: Express companies— Drivers........................................ ........ M. Other employees.................... . M. Railroad e m p lo y e e s ............................. M. Road, street, and bridge transportation— Chauffeurs.................... ....................... M. Livery-stable employees...................... M. Street-railway employees..................... M. Teamsters and drnrers.......................... M. Telegraph telephone employees.......... M. F. Water transportation— Boat employees..................................... M. T.on gshor AmAn................................................ M. 19 5 95 3 16 5 78 3 10 7 33 45 27 40 3 3 3 2 22 41 26 23 4 45 10 14 34 43 8 16 35 22 20 3 40 8 11 28 31 6 5 6 3 2 1 41 5 88 34 3 50 3 1 16 55 21 57 165 24 22 45 13 28 129 16 16 3 7 23 31 3 5 33 109 16 73 9 33 27 12 20 21 10 17 2 88 73 38 52 16 75 61 35 42 9 10 10 3 7 3 3 2 264 85 70 59 50 86 21 10 58 74 8 206 68 59 47 25 71 19 4 50 61 4 30 10 10 2 23 9 1 1 3 7 1 28 7 1 10 1 6 1 5 5 5 3 35 17 9 9 M. F. M. F. 51 16 48 19 47 14 34 14 3 1 10 1 1 1 4 4 M. F. 31 264 20 195 4 40 7 29 M. F. 29 2 20 2 9 Trade: Banking, brokerage, and insurance— Clerical employees............................... M. F. Other employees................................... M. Wholesale ana retail trade— Department-store employees................ M. F. Dry-goods-store employees................... M. F. Merchants M dealers.......................... M. Other forms of trade— Clerks, cashiers, fynd bookkeepers.. . . . . M. F. Drivers................................................. M. Errand boys messengers................ M. Peddlers............................................... M. Rq.lAgmp.n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. Saleswomen............................ ............ F. Stenographers typewriters............ M. F. Other employees................................... M. F. Public service: City employees............................. ............. M. Professional service: Public entertainers.......... ......................... Other workers............................................ Domestic and personal service: Domestic service........................................ Personal service— Barbers and hairdressers...................... 3 4 1 2 5 7 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 1 19 7 1 6 5 5 1 1 8 2 1 4 2 1 3 4 1 1 107 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 2 2 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded. NEW YORK CITY—Concluded. Cause of unemployment. Industry and occupation. Sex. unem ployed. M. F. M. F. Laundry workers................................. M. F. Restaurant employees.......................... M. F. Saloon keepers, bartenders, and other saloon employees................................ M. Industry not specified: Laborers...................................................... M. Watchmen.................................................. M. Other w orkers........................................... M. F. 71 17 123 11 4 55 98 27 52 11 90 9 3 45 77 24 10 6 20 2 2 11 8 15 3 1 1 2 5 79 64 11 127 42 305 54 98 25 224 36 23 14 52 10 3 1 5 3 26 7 4,849 1,407 3,729 1,145 774 172 60 5 286 85 Total.............................................. Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown........ 6,256 4,874 946 65 371 Total unemployed.......................... 6,529 Domestic and personal service—Concluded. Personal service—Concluded. B id in g employees.................... Hotel employees.............................. . All occupations: Males................................................. Females............................................ No work Sickness Strikes or Other or dis to be found. ability. lockouts. reasons. 9 4 1 273 In the table which follows the number and per cent of wage earn ers unemployed from each specified cause are shown for each sex, the percentages being based upon the number of wage earners reporting. T a b l e 2 3 . — NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS UNEMPLOYED IN NEW YORK CITY SEPTEMBER, 1915, BY CAUSES AND SEX. Wage earners unemployed from each specified cause. Wage earners unemployed. Sex. No work to be Sickness or dis found. ability. Num ber. Per cent. Num ber. Per cent. Num ber. Males....................... Females................... 4,849 1,407 7.1 5.5 3,729 1,145 5.46 4.48 774 172 Total.............. 6,256 6.7 4,874 5.22 946 Per cent. Strikes and lockouts. Other causes. Num ber. Per cent. Num ber. 1.14 .67 60 5 0.09 .02 286 85 0.42 .33 1.01 65 .07 371 .40 Per cent. SECOND SURVEY BY THE METROPOLITAN LIFE INSURANCE CO., SEP TEMBER, 1915. As previously stated, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., in order to secure information regarding unemployment, made a can vass of its industrial policyholders in January, 1915, and repeated it in September, 1915. The latter canvass was not as complete as the former. The details of the first survey are given in Bulletin 172 of 108 BULLETIN OP THE BUREAU OF LABOB STATISTICS. the Bureau of Labor Statistics, but both investigations are summa rized as follows: T a b le 24.—UNEMPLOYMENT IN NEW YORK CITY, JANUARY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915. January, 1915. Item. September, 1915. 155,960 100,951 Families canvassed........................................................................... *.................. 37,064 11,408 Families with unemployment.............................................................................. Per cent of fa.Tnilfagwith unemployment.............................................................. 11.3 23.8 (i) Persons in familifts canvassed................................................................................ 413,146 (i) 4.1 Persons per family................................................................................................ Number of wage earners........................................................................................ 252,912 141,616 1.4 Wage earners per family....................................................................................... 1.6 106.179 Full-time wage earners.......................................................................................... 0) 75.0 Per cent of wage earners employed full time......................................................... (l) 22,572 Part-time wage earners.......................................................................................... C1) (i) 15.9 Per cent of wage earners employed part time....................................................... Unemployed wage earners................................................ J.................................. 45,421 12,865 Per cent of wage earners unemployed................................................................... 9.1 18.0 * Not ascertained in this survey. The unemployment rate in January was 18 per cent, but by Sep tember it had dropped to 9.1 per cent. While these rates are not identical with those of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, they never theless strongly corroborate them. Following are estimates of the total number unemployed in New York City, based on. the above rates according to the method dis cussed in the report of the surveys of the Bureau of Labor Statistics: Tabus 28.—ESTIMATED NUMBER AND PER CENT OF UNEMPLOYED WAGE EARNERS IN NEW YORK CITY, JANUARY AND SEPTEMBER, 1915, BY SEX. Males. Time of survey. January, 1915.......................... September, 1915...................... Estimated unem ployed. 351,249 177,417 Females. Percent of wage earners. 19.6 9.9 Estimated unem ployed. 90,751 46,877 Total. Percent of wage earners. 13.5 7.0 Estimated unem ployed. 442,000 224,294 Percent of wage earners. 18.0 9.1 In every case, the unemployment rate found by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. was larger than the corresponding rate determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This, of course, results in larger estimates of the number unemployed in the city. We may, there fore, consider 200,000 a liberal estimate of the number unemployed in New York City in September, 1915. The following tables are arranged in similar order to the corre sponding ones for the survey made by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which have already been discussed. They present the data obtained for the unemployed classified by duration of unemployment, industry, and cause of unemployment. They are of considerable interest because the two sets of tables are in a general way largely corrobora tive of each other. 109 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES* DURATION OP UNEMPLOYMENT. The table following shows the number and per cent of persons of each sex unemployed each classified number of days and the cumula tive number and per cent unemployed over each specified number of days, the percentages being based on the number of cases for which the duration of unemployment is known. T a b l e 2 6 . — NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE EARNERS IN NEW YORK CITY, SEP TEMBER, 1915, UNEMPLOYED EACH CLASSIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS, AND CUMU LATIVE NUMBER AND PER CENT UNEMPLOYED OVER EACH SPECIFIED NUMBER OF DAYS. Number and per cent. Males. Females. Total. Duration of unemployment. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. Number. Per cent. 1 to 7 d a ys............................................... 8 to 13 d a y s.............................................. 14 to 30 days.............................................. 31 to 60 days.............................................. 61 to 90 days............................................. 91 to 120 days............................................. 121 to 180 days........................................... 181 days ana over...................................... 228 134 1,201 1,344 1,088 590 881 2,377 2.9 1.7 15.3 17.1 13.9 7.5 11.2 30.3 63 17 346 442 362 194 156 450 3.1 .8 17.0 21.8 17.8 9.6 7.7 22.2 291 151 1,547 1,786 1,450 784 1,037 2,827 2.9 1.5 15.7 18.1 14.7 7.5 10.9 28.6 Total known.................................... Unknown.................................................. 7,843 559 100.0 2,030 190 100.0 9,873 749 100.0 Total unemployed............................ 8,402 2,220 10,622 Cumulative number and per cent. Over 180 days. Over 120 days. Over 90 days.. Over 60 days.. Over 30 days.. Over 13 days.. Over 7 days... 1 day and over 2,377 3,258 3,848 4,936 6,280 7,481 7,615 7,843 30.3 41.5 49.1 62.9 80.1 95.4 97.1 100.0 450 C06 800 1,162 1,604 1,950 1,967 2,030 22.2 29.9 39.4 57.2 79.0 96.1 96.9 100.0 2,827 3,864 4,648 6,098 7^884 9,431 9,582 9,873 28.6 39.1 47.1 61.8 79.9 95.5 97.1 100.0 OCCUPATIONS OF UNEMPLOYED. The table following shows the number of persons unemployed each classified number of days, classified by industry and occupation. 110 T a b le BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 27.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT. NEW YORK CITY. Number of persons unemployed eacli classified number ofdays. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 1 to 7 8 to 13 14 to 30 31 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 1 6 8 4 3 11 12 1 3 5 10 2 31 17 54 41 14 61 21 13 39 18 5 16 19 22 45 46 29 75 13 6 21 220 103 271 45 28 61 3 13 5 2 9 8 16 20 17 30 5 10 10 41 14 45 13 4 9 15 37 4 8 24 29 3 ...... 3 7 8 11 6 13 8 4 7 71 25 87 13 6 13 13 8 22 1 1,354 44 35 194 242 161 135 365 88 Chemicals and allied products. M. Clay^ glass, and stone prod- 16 2 3 2 3 2 4 M M. M 49 49 25 3 2 5 9 2 5 1 5 4 6 1 10 8 2 15 14 10 3 5 3 M. F. Suits, coats, cloaks, and overalls— Cutters.......... ............ M. Dressmakers.............. F. Operatives................. M. F. Pressers..................... M. Tailors....................... M. F. Waist, underwear, and neckwear makers.......... M. F. Other workers.................. M. F. Food and kindred products— Bakery workers............... M. Candy makers.................. M. F. Other workers.................. M. F. Iron and steel and their prod ucts— Automobile workers........ M. Iron-foundry workers....... M. Machine-shop workers. . . . M. Other workers................. M. Leather and its finished prod ucts— Shoe-factory operatives... M. F. Other workers.................. M. F. Liquors and beverages........... M. Lumber and its remanufac ture— Cabinetmakers................. M. Furniture workers........... M. F. Piano makers................... M. F. Other workers.................. M. F. Metals and metal products other than iron ana steel— Brassand copper workers. M. 18 3 1 1 3 2 3 1 9 1 2 3 7 5 6 34 9 3 4 9 8 3 51 8 2 5 2 7 6 33 10 3 3 3 9 2 5 78 3 1 1 2 1 3 7 19 ***io 1 7 4 2 1 17 5 1 13 2 19 2 11 4 10 9 1 7 1 7 4 6 4 15 11 4 3 3 3 Agricultural pnr«i|ttgI. It- TrTTt--- M Manufacturing and mechanical industries: 46 M M M 194 111 321 M M M. M. M M Building trades— Bricklayers...................... Building l a b o r e r s . ^ Carpenters....................... Painters and paper hang ers................................. Plasterers......................... Plumbers and gas fitters.. Roofers........................... Structural-iron workers... Other workers.................. Total.......................... Gta&s workers................ . Marble and stone cutters.. Other workers................. Clothing manufacture— Cap and hat makers......... 16 15 37 29 31 245 44 11 67 27 55 3 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 3 2 2 3 1 2 90 2 4 1 3 5 4 4 89 6 23 11 10 1 11 5 6 1 1 5 1 1 14 2 1 3 1 19 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 21 2 2 2 3 16 6 1 1 28 110 42 55 1 3 3 2 2 5 24 5 8 5 21 13 11 4 11 6 5 2 5 3 2 1 14 2 3 7 25 6 20 1 7 4 2 77 8 37 3 33 2 1 14 4 8 15 1 6 10 7 16 1 9 2 5 10 2 2 2 7 5 1 2 8 3 6 7 7 10 1 22 1 1 12 2 18 41 1 64 3 53 2 32 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 •• •* 1 1 4 2 3 3 3 8 8 4 11 6 6 4 1 7 2 6 4 2 12 •• * "i4 ‘ 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 I ll UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T ab le 27.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. NEW YORK CITY—Continued. Number of persons unemployed feach classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Manufacturing and mechanical industries—Concluded. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Concluded. Silversmiths and jewelry workers......................... Tinners and tinsmiths.... Other workers................ . Paper and paper products.... Printing and bookbinding— Bookbindery employees., Electrotypers and lithogPrinters and other em ployees........................ Textiles— Silk-mill workers.. Other workers. Miscellaneous industries— Blacksmiths..................... Cigar and tobacco workers. Dressmakers.................... Electric light and power house employees........... Electricians.................... . Furriers........................... Gas-works employees___ Laborers.......................... Machinists...................... . Milliners.......................... Packers............................ Other workers................. Transportation: Express companies— Drivers........................ Other employees......... Post-office employees........ Railroad transportation— Clerks.......................... Trainmen.................... Other employees......... Road, street, and bridge transportation— Chauffeurs........................ Livery-stable employees.. Teamsters and < Other workers................ Telegraph and telephone emWater transportation— Boat employees............... Longshoremen................. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and in suranceclerical employees........... Other employees... Real-estate employees.. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 1 to 7 8 to 13 1 47 5 18 15 30 27 2 1 40 18 2 2 1 1 31 to 60 17 17 54 18 91 to 120 121 181 Not to and re 180 over. port ed. 4 1 8 1 1 4 4 2 2 1 8 6 2 3 4 5 2 1 1 1 2 2 6 1 26 1 2 3 7 6 7 5 3 4 3 4 8 2 10 4 6 5 1 1 15 2 24 6 23 1 18 7 2 60 2 13 1 2 9 10 5 1 1 12 2 3 2 7 5 i 1 1 1 1 3 1 8 3 16 3 1 4 1 8 8 3 44 3 12 9 72 3 9 2 58 3 5 1 19 5 6 2 9 15 17 7 55 5 14 1 3 12 11 14 1 6 1 15 2 1 7 5 4 16 6 5 33 9 4 7 43 8 8 55 18 8 3 1 32 5 4 11 3 12 61 to 90 12 11 184 14 14 to 30 5 41 60 27 277 1 4 18 95 19 22 45 135 51 1 1 1 5 1 3 1 3 1 3 13 2 3 4 20 10 195 4 3 5 1 33 12 34 18 1 10 1 4 6 22 9 1 28 14 13 2 1 18 1 1 6 1 2 5 1 7 13 19 3 7 7 3 5 12 2 6 2 1 8 4 10 21 37 1 1 8 18 9 13 57 3 25 6 7 62 6 23 8 4 51 7 14 2 1 26 3 14 4 4 12 2 28 10 10 123 7 6 4 4 12 2 1 1 4 14 2 1 10 11 94 15 1 1 27 66 101 3 10 2 2 139 44 45 364 28 2 1 2 11 9 21 50 3 2 4 3 4 5 6 2 4 3 8 5 16 34 174 3 5 4 40 4 35 6 14 4 6 2 17 10 45 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 5 2 5 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 13 4 2 10 3 11 1 2 2 3 1 16 1 3 3 1 4 14 2 2 10 6 1 2 22 1 12 112 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. 27.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND PERIODS OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded. T a b le NEW YORK CITY—Concluded. Number of persons unemployed each classified number of days. Industry and occupation. Num ber Sex. unem ployed. 1 to 7 i Trade—Concluded. Wholesale and retail trade— ■Rntfttiftr-sbop ftmployftfts., M Department-store e m ployees................ . ....... M. F. Dry-goods-store employ ees ................................ M. F. Grocery-store employees.. M. F. Merchants and dealers___ M. Other forms of trade— Clerks, cashiers, and book keepers ........................ M. F. Drivers............................ M Errand boys and messen gers............................... M. Peddlers........................... M. Salesmen and store clerks. M. F. Stenographers and type M writers................. F. Other em ployees........... M. F. Public service: City employees...................... M. Federal employees.................. M. Professional service: Mii.gioin.tig........................................ M. Public entertainers................ M. F. Other workers........................ M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service.................... M. F. Personal service— Barbers and hairdressers.. M. F. Building employees......... M. F. Hotel employees.............. M. F. Laundry workers............. M. F. Restaurant employees___ M. F. Saloonkeepers, bartenders, and other employees__ M. Industry not specified: Laborers................................. M. Porters.............................. . M. Watchmen............................. M. Other workers........................ M. F. All occupations: 'Kfq.lftg................ . Females........................ Total.......................... Industry, occupation, sex, and days of un employment u n know n* • •• npfttal iinAirmlnvAd 14 to 30 8 to 13 31 to 60 61 to 90 91 to 120 121 181 Not and re to 180 over. port ed. 1 17 17 16 10 9 31 13 87 184 2 2 1 1 8 28 10 43 16 27 5 21 21 21 22 38 2 3 83 21 92 11 36 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 18 2 3 19 4 10 1 5 11 2 12 2 6 8 2 7 1 2 12 2 14 6 2 8 2 20 5 20 4 13 479 172 191 21 2 5 2 7 54 17 26 77 29 37 57 26 31 34 13 11 64 4 10 133 57 55 37 17 16 76 44 314 71 2 2 6 2 1 2 15 8 43 5 13 4 45 16 9 4 50 14 12 1 28 5 6 4 44 14 11 15 84 10 7 4 14 5 27 151 62 6 1 9 2 13 7 2 2i U 6 24 12 2 21 6 5 16 4 1 9 19 6 2 25 7 1 122 17 1 1 1 15 1 17 3 11 1 11 1 13 1 42 7 11 2 23 75 27 52 5 2 1 4 4 6 14 7 4 2 3 19 2 10 1 1 6 10 4 2 2 8 6 7 10 15 7 16 1 3 1 4 21 390 1 10 3 78 2 73 3 62 29 3 8 4 86 5 44 4 3 21 3 11 1 6 15 24 9 11 1 27 11 13 1 3 31 16 5 6 1 35 7 9 2 3 24 16 2 6 10 3 2 36 11 7 8 24 4 3 1 2 29 ' * 24 30 9 2 2 24 22 28 8 25 31 7 92 7 7 26 11 90 12 10 36 10 70 10 7 27 9 41 6 10 21 8 105 1 9 19 4 177 29 55 50 14 49 7 9 11 4 113 41 11 171 40 79 11 16 153 118 29 9 1 2 5 11 5 1 1 5 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 13 3 3 1 13 4 1 9 1 8 2 12 15 3 4 147 2 629 73 109 198 63 4 1 2 6 3 8,402 2,220 22S 63 134 1,201 1,344 1,088 17 346 442 362 590 194 881 2,377 156 450 559 190 10,622 291 151 1,547 1,786 1,450 784 1,037 2,827 749 2,243 12,865 1 2 * i i ...........i........... i 113 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT. The next table shows the number for which the cause of unem ployment was secured, classified by occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment. T a b le 28.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT. NEW YORK CITY. Industry and occupation. Agricultural pursuits..................................... Manufacturing and mechanical.industries: Building trades— Bricklayers........................................ Building Iaborers............................... Carpenters......................................... Painters and paper hangers............... Plasterers........................................... Plumbers and gas fitters.................... Roofers.............................................. Structural-iron workers..................... Other workers.................................... Total. Chemicals and allied products.. Clay, glass, and stone productsGiass workers..................... Marble and stone cutters... Other workers.................... Clothing manufacture— Cap and hat makers........... Suits, coats,cloaks, and overalls— Cutters..................................... D ressm akers.................................... Operatives................................ Pressers. Tailors... W aist, underwear, and neckwear makers................. Other workers. Food and kindred products— Bakery workers........ .— Candy makers.................. Other workers. Iron and steel and their products— Automobile workers.................. Iron-foundry workers................ Machine-shop workers............... Other workers............................ Leather and its finished products— Shoe-factory operatives.............. Other workers. Liquors and beverages................ Lumber and its remanufacture— Cabinetmakers..................... Furniture workers................ Piano makers.. Other workers. 32656°—Bull. 195—16----- 8 Cause of unemployment. Number Sex. unem No work Sickness Strikes ployed. Other to be or dis or found. ability. lockouts. reasons. 46 29 8 194 111 321 220 103 271 45 28 61 145 79 221 154 62 199 37 24 44 13 17 66 41 8 36 3 4 9 20 2 2 6 965 203 31 155 7 6 3 2 1,354 9 3 3 1 27 12 33 25 13 34 5 16 12 3 49 49 25 34 43 21 2 3 2 18 3 16 3 1 16 15 37 29 31 245 44 13 10 27 24 24 175 27 1 4 6 2 2 30 4 11 67 27 55 8 53 19 44 2 8 5 7 1 6 3 4 89 6 23 11 10 63 5 18 6 8 15 5 4 11 1 28 110 42 55 21 76 34 39 3 20 4 12 77 8 37 3 33 58 8 31 2 19 11 18 41 1 64 3 53 2 14 36 1 54 3 36 2 ...........2 1i 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 1 3 2 5 35 11 I 2 2 3 4 12 1 4 21 2 8 11 2 2 !.............. Il i 51 1 i 9 j| 1 3 3 5 7 114 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. T ab le 28.—NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OF EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Continued. NEW YORK CITY—Continued. Industry and occupation. Cause of unemployment. Number ! Sex. unem No work Sickness Strikes ployed. Other to be or dis found. ability. lockouts, i i _____ I_____ Manufacturing and mechanical industries— Concluded. Metals and metal products other than iron and steel— Brass and copper workers.................... Silversmiths and jewelry workers....... . 32 47 5 18 15 30 27 Tinners and tinsmiths. Other workers.............. Paper and paper products.. Prinl Bookbindery employees............ Electrotypers and lithographers. Printers and other employees__ Other workers. Miscellaneous industries— Blacksmiths....................... Cigar and tobacco workers. Dressmakers......................................... Electric light and power-hcuse employElectricians................ Furriers...................... Gas-works employees.. Laborers..................... Machinists.................. Milliners..................... Packers...................... Other workers............ Water transportation— Boat employees................................. Longshoremen...............; .................. Trade: Banking, brokerage, and insurance— Clerical employees............................. Other employees... Real-estate employees.. Wholesale and retail trade— Butcher-shop employees....... Department-store employees. Dry-goods-store employees. Grocery-store employees. . . Merchants and dealers....... 12 1?4 14 125 17 17 54 18 13 15 37 41 60 27 277 47 19 218 18 12 11 Textiles— Silk-mill workers.. Transportation: Express companies— Drivers............................................... Other employees................................. Post-office employees................................ Railroad transportation— Clerks.................................................. Trainmen............................................ Other employees................................. Road, street, and bridge transportationChauffeurs.............. t ......................... Livery-stable employees..................... Street-railway employees................... . Teamsters and drivers....................... . Other workers................................... Telegraph and telephone employees........ 40 18 40 90 41 195 136 94 15 67 9 2 M. M. M. 27 13 32 57 11 66 101 2 6 5 3 2 9 6 6 12 12 4 2 13 5 1 19 11 10 139 44 45 364 28 21 M. M. 34 174 107 8 13 4 18 12 10 HO 25 23 266 7! 20 17 8 14 2 2 77 M. M. M. M. M. M. F. 10 15 ! 10 95 19 22 45 135 51 12 M. II. M. 10 10 40 4! 15 9 7 52 3 1 5 6 23 1 24 18 9 2 113 87 184 83 21 92 11 36 79 66 141 64 16 61 16 9 22 18 10 11 11 1 8 2 13 115 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES. T a b l e 2 8 . — NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS OUT OP EMPLOYMENT, CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRY, OCCUPATION, SEX, AND CAUSE OF UNEMPLOYMENT—Concluded. NEW YORK CITY—Concluded. Cause of unemployment. Industry and occupation. Number Sex. unem No work Sickness Strikes Other ployed. or dis to be or ability. lockouts. reasons. found. Trade—Concluded. Other forms of trade— Clerks, cashiers, and bookkeepers......... M. F. Drivers.......................... ...................... M Errand boys and messengers. M. Peddlers, r................... .'I..................... M. and store clerks. M. F. Stenographers and typewriters............. M F Other employees.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. F. Public service: City employees........................................... M. Federal employees...................................... M. Professional service: Musicians................................................... M. Public entertainers...................................... M. F. Other workers............................................. M. F. Domestic and personal service: Domestic service......................................... M. F. Personal service— Barbers and hairdressers...................... M. F. Building employees.............................. M. F. Hotel employees................................... M. F. Laundry workers................................. M. F. Restaurant employees.......................... M. F. Saloon keepers, bartenders, and other employees.......................................... M. Industry not specified: Laborers...................................... .............. M. Porters........................................................ M. Watchmen......................... ........................ M. Other workers............................................. M. F. 479 172 191 76 44 314 71 27 151 62 6 361 134 135 63 21 237 50 23 no 44 4 47 15 31 7 15 44 10 2 17 11 1 1 122 17 76 12 25 2 1 23 75 27 52 5 15 60 23 41 4 4 10 2 7 1 21 390 12 251 4 99 1 41 11 171 40 79 11 16 153 118 29 30 9 116 29 57 8 14 102 88 17 10 1 24 7 12 2 2 29 17 7 1 1 70 23 24 6 7 33 11 2 24 7 1 20 3 4 5 2 3 1 5 39 1 1 31 4 10 1 22 13 5 23 147 99 25 629 73 109 198 63 431 49 74 134 44 97 13 21 35 8 3 8,402 2,220 5,951 1,620 1,317 319 113 8 1,021 273 Total.............................................. Industry, occupation, sex, and cause of unemployment unknown.. . . . 10,622 7,571 1,636 121 1,294 Total unemployed........................ 12,865 All occupations: Males................................................. Female........................... .................. 2,243 6 98 11 14 23 11
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