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Northwes ·ern
Un iversity
..iO IJ .,1.:.NT
kvO M
8372
Li b rary
WO R K S
MAR 2- 1936
PROGRESS
ADMI TI STRATIO
Har r y L. Hopkins, Administrator
Corrington Gill
Assistant A~~inistrator
RESEARCH
Howard J3. Mye rs, Director
Soci al Research Division
J3 U L L E T I
SURVEY OF CASES CLOSED FROi,1 RELIEF nOLLS FOR
ADMINI S'l1R~TIVE REA.SONS I N LITTLE ROCK , J..RKA NS..A.S
(Study made in November 1935 cov ering Au.gus t closings)
February 24 , 1936
Serie s II lo . 14
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8372
Pr0face
DuringOctober .and l:ovember 1935, a
series of special inquiries was conducted in a group of western and
study the
southwestern states to
from the
closed
ses
ce
of
condition
relief rolls in anticipati on of the
Works Program and in accordance with
the policy of transfer ring unemployable cases from Federal to state and
This group of studies
local care.
wa s planned to supplement the informa tion obtained from earlle·r ·inquiries into the re sults of,~dministrative closings in Georgi al!.
This series of studies was carried
out in about the same manner as the
Backg round inforGeorgia studies.
mation in each community was secured
from relief a g ency officials and
the
from citizens f amiliar wit h
problems of relief .Family interviews
were co nducted in order to secure
primary data bea ring or.. the family
composition, the occupational experience of the workers, and the
econom1c status of ea ch ho1.1sehold
for comparable periods before and
after the closing s .
Bo th
urban
a nd
were covered by field surveys. The
cities chosen were Sio~x· Falls,South
Dakota,and Little Rock, Arkansas ;the
rural areas included Custer, Corson,
in
Har..d, and Eutchinson Counties
Sou th Dakota, and Kit Carson and Weld
counties in Colorado~/.
These com.1JUnities were selected not
for the piir pose of giving a ~icture
·. of conditio n s prevailing generally in
the Uni tea. States but becaJise they
show clec: rly certain kinds of probThei r value in giving direclems.
tion to f~ture a dministrative policy
is increased by the fact that they
Two of
displ ay diverse conditions.
the studies--those in Colorado and
unemployable
Arkansas--cover only
cases and hence throw light upon the
protlems confro nting the state and
· local· agencies t hqt are assuming the
The two South
ca re of suc:1 .c ases.
Da:-cota inqu iries, including only emp lo yable ca ses, ~rield information
u por.. the si gnificance of harvesting
wo :t k in rel3,tion to the relief rolls
a~i u pon the problems involved in
adju sting the Works Program to me et
t~ e needs of these peo ple.
comITP.rni ti es
rura.l
!_/
See Research Bulletins Seri es II
No. 8; Series I, lJo. 11; and C-19.
'?:../
See ?.esearc:1 Bulletins Seri esII
1; 0. 11; Series II, No. 12; Series II
Eo. 13.
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Prepa red by
Armin E. Sterner
under the supervision of
A. Ross Eckler, Ctief
Special Inquiries Section
-
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SUMMARY
This study p r esen ts an anal ~rsis
of the conditio n of a group of hou seholds--classif i ed as u nemployable-in Little Rock , Ar kan sa s, before and
a fter their tran sfer from Federa l to
The average income of
state care.
1 935 , the last mo n t h
ly
u
J
$11 . 76 in
of Federal ca re, decli n ed to a n avera g e of $7 . 01 p er hou sehold in OctoThe change r efl ects p ri mar i ly
ber.
decreases i n t h e amou nt of pub lic
assista nce,si nce i ncome fr om p rivate
employment and as si s t ance fro m private sou rces were of negli gi ble importa nce . This 40 percent reduction
seriously a ffect ed the f a milies involved : t h e numbe r an d qua lity of
mea ls were r edu ced to the point
where about one-hal f o f those i nterviewed were unable to ob tain more
than one or t wo meals daily; housi ng
conditions a lrea dy ba.d b ecame worse;
families u nable t o pay re nt were
someti mes evi cted, and destitutio n
a nd su ffering were inten sified .
Of the ca s e s s tudi ed , less than
one- half wer e white; t wo- tnirds of
the group wer e indi viduals living
a lone; mo s t of them were eith er s enile or afflict ed wi th dis ea s e . Some
were b edridden and a few were b l i nd.
Da t a which t hey gave regardi n~ t h eir
occu~at io nal history r ev eal ed tha t
t h e l a r g e majority had b een unsk ill e d work ers wh en l as t e mployed
a t t heir ·sual occupa ti on s; and t hat
a ver ag e ':,eekly wag es ea rned a t that
time r anged f rom $5 .00 for Ne ro female worke rs t o $21. 00 fo r white
A lo w st a n dard o f e du ca tion
males .
was found to b e co mmon in this g roup ;
only t wen t ;y-o ne had gone t o hi gh
sc hool , and t hirty-eigh t wer e illi tA lo ng r elief his t ory a ve rer a te .
agi ng 1 7 mon ths for t h e whi t e g roup
and 1 9 months for t h e Negroe s fea t ured this record .
Th e recently enacted Public Welf a re Act of Arkan sa s beca me ope r a tive i n June 1 935 , but duri ng the
p eriod covered by t he stu dy the Public Welfare Camm i s s ion wa s occupied
mainly with pr obl em s of organiza tion
an d wi th t he regis t r a tion o f t hose
el egi bl e for old ag e p ensions , so
tha t but little ass ist an ce ha d b een
gr a nt ed under the ter ms of t he a ct .
On Ap ril 1, 1 935 , an old age pens ion ac t was pas s ed by the sta te,
bu t no funds had be en made a va ilable
for its admini s tr a tion up to Fovemb er 1 5 . The p r ovisi on of su ch f u nds
would g ive a ssistanc e to man y of the
case s inclu de d i n this stu dy .
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SURVEY OF Ci SES CLOSED FR0~1 RBLIE:J!., ROLLS FOR JJ)MI1HSTRJ,.T I VE
F.Et.SOJS L. LITTLE ROCK , l,RKJ,.NSJ,.S , IlJ i,.UGUST 1935
I n 1,.ugus t 1 935 , nea r ly 5GO cas e s
in Littl e Rock , 1,.r~~ sas , we re tran sfe r r ed f r om E . R. 1,.. reli ef t 0 the
ca r e of th e r ecen tly creat ed ?u ~l ic
Welfare Commis si on of the st at e . The
fa mili e s t:r an sf er re:1 con s isted of
cas e s clas si f i ed as uner;rployablel/
who were be i ng s hift ed f r om Fede r a l
t o s t a t e care in accordance wit h
po l i c i e s outlined by the Fede ral Eme rgency Relief 1,.dinin istrati on . One
t hi r d of thi s number ( 1 4 9 cas e s )we r e
s el ec t ed at r andom a s a group f r om
which t he i nformati on for t h i s study
was obtaine d by ho~e i nt e rvi ews ,
aft er all pert in ent data available
at the rel i ef offi ce s had been uti liz ed .
Compo siti on and Cnar ac ter i stics
of Househ ol ds
Of the h ous ehol ds se l ec t ed f or
interviews , l e ss t han one-half we r e
white , a p roporti~n no t very dif f er en t from that f ound in the total r eli e f population i n this city (T ab l e
I) .
Over t wo - t hi r ds of the gr oup
we r e indivi duals living alo a e .
In
t h e f a.mi l i e s of th e remaining household s , 74 de:,J enclen ts--wi ve s
and
children-- were r epo rt ed . I n 91 ca~ e s
or 61 pe r cent of t te total , t he h ead s
wer e 65 ~rears nf age or ove r ('l'ab l e
I I) •
1_/
The J,.rkans2s PuoJ.ic Welfar e J,.ct
defines unemplo Jrab l e persons a s f ol l ows : 1,.n unempl oyabl e unde r the Public Wel far e J,.c t i s one wLo i s ph-rsically or mentally i nca!Jab J. e of ma.king a livi ng at available emp loy:nent .
In no cas e sha ll one who is phy si cal ly anu mentaJ l y capabl e of
pe rf orming manual l a.b or be eli gi bl e
f or r eli ef unde r thi s act .
Mo s t of t ho s e not t oo ol d t o wo r k
wer e e i t he r ph3rs ically di s abl ed or
s~ffering f r om d i s eas e (Tabl e I II) .
Hear t di sea s e , rh eumati s o and n ephr i ti s ~ere the diseas9s mos t fr equ ent l~" r eport ed. . Othe r s , suf:e ri ng
f r 0m di s eas e s ch r on i c i n charac t e r ,
were oft en b edri dden and without
medical care . Th is fact v·as br ought
01.:t by the answer s t o the i n t e r vi ewer s' qu estions a s to the mo st u rgen t
ne ed s of individual cl i en ts . Med ical
attention was mentioned i n 34 ins t ,q,nc es .
It is known t hat the case
worke r in the di strict had made
calls on ce rtain of t hese hous eho l ds
to a rr ange f ri r medical care , but h er
bur den of wor k was such a s t o make
it impossible to cove r eff ec t ivel y
al l the f2~ili e s unde r her car e .
Thos e unab le t o wal k could
not
always take a dvantage of medical
carP ar r anged fo r them, nor could
t ho s e t ha t lacked carfare or me an s
f or ot her tr an spor tati on .
1,. large ma j or i t y ( 93) of the heacls
of h ous eh ol d s had been un s kill ed
vro rkerE , ch i efl:r common l abo r er s or
d ':.liD P. stics ; of t he ot he r s, 18 had be en
cl.c1.s sifi ed as s l:i l led worl-::ei-s c::nd 20
pe r s ons r e,-Jo rt ed t hat t l1e;,r bad been
non- manual wor ke rs , wit h
s a l e smen
most nwne r ons amon 6 t h is
latt er
class (Tab l e I V) .
1,.ve r age wee kly earnings ot the i r
l as t r riva t e j ob i n t h e i r usual occupation (in the peri od 19 25- 30 f or
most ca.ss s ) r ang3d. fr om $5 . 00 f or
Negr o f emale wo7 ker s t o $21 . 00 fo r
It sho1::.ld be b orne i n
whi t e mal e s .
mind that the ~r oup showing t h e l owe s t r a t e was almost er..ti r ely made up
of d ome sti c s- - maid s , c ooks , l aundr e ss bs , e t c . ,-- occut,2.t · ons
which
a r e t raii ti onally l ow pai d .
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Only 21 of the heads of househol ds stat e d t hey had attende d hi gh
At the o ther end of the
school .
scal e it was fo ,md tha t in 38 inst ance s , or over 25 pe r cen t of the
total, heads of househol ds wer e r ep ort ed t o be unab l e t o r ead or
wr ite Engli sh ; all but one of thes e
38 we r e Negr oes (Table V) .
On t he aver age , the Negro gr oup
had r eceived r eli ef for a period of
19 months ; the corr e sp onding pe r iod
fo r the white gr oup wa s 1 7 months
I n view of the f act
( Tab l e VI) .
that thr ee- fift hs of t he pe rso ns
cove r ed in t his study we r e 65 ;:,rears
of age and over ( and who se employmen t his tory ended s ome time ago),
i t is not surpr ising t hat mor e than
one- half of them had a r eli ef history prio r to June 1933 , the date
when E. R.A. came into existence .
su ch other sour ce s as contribu ti ons
by f r i ends and r e latives . The maj ority of famili es , howeve r , had no cash
i ncome to cover expenditur e s for
clo t hi n~ , medical car e , 8.nd incident al hou s ehold or perso nal nee ds .
Of the 149 ho useholds visited ,
only 36 r ep or t ed d8bts . Seve n of
those wor e whit e f runili a s and 23
Amounts r ewer e singl e Negr oe s .
cons ist e d
p ort ed we r e small and
principally of r e n t , grocery, a nd
do ctors ' bi l l s . The aver age de bt of
tho group v,as $4 . 74 . ( The deb ts of
t h0se housL hol ds r ange d f r om an ave r age of $16 . 25 f0 r white househo lds
of t wo or more perso ns down to $3. 83
the aver age fo r t he gr oup of singl e
N2gro 0s .) It is t o be pr e sume d t ha t
f run ili e s who hr,ve bee n 'Jn r eli ef for
aupr oximnte l y a year and a half
would have l i ttl e che.nce of obtaining cr edi t .
Compari s on of Incomes Dur ing
J u ly and Octobe r
In J ul y 1935 , t he l ast mon t h when
E. R. A. r e li ef was r ecei ved by t hi s
gro up , the ave r age t o tal i ncome pe r
househol d amount ed t o $11 . 76 ( Tab l e
A, page 3). Thr ee mon t hs l a ter , for
the month of October, the ave r age
income fo r t he same gro up had dr opp e d 40 pe r cent to $7 . 01 (Tab l e B
page 3).
The r e du ctio n in the income of
the Negr o househol ds during th i s
period amounted to 58 per cen t , t hat
of the wh it e households , 29 pe r cent .
Housing and Rent
Housing conditio ns wer e f ound to
be extr eme ly unsatisfac t ory. Int erv i ewer s fr bquontly r eport ed houses
in bad st Rt e of r epair . This was
especial ly t ~ue of ho~e s o ccup i ed by
f c>.mi l ies pay ing no r en t , who wer e
of t en pr ovided with sh8lt er thro ugh
t he genero sity of fri ends , r e l a tive s
l andlords .
f or mer employe r s , and
condemned
Shanties , gar Ftge s , nnd
were some time s
c o □ rn~ r cinl buildings
us e d f or l iving quar t ers . Evic t ions
be cause of inability to pny r ent
wer e no t infr eqrn~n t ~/ . I mpr ovements
s .1ch as r unning water, ga s , and
ele t r ici ty we r e e nti r ely l a k ing in
57 home s . The ~ver nge mcnthly r en t a l
for f .:.:,..'Tli li e s paying r e nt was $5 . 45
( Table VII) .
1
Fa~ily income s in t he main consist e d of r eli e f gr2.nts of gr o ce r y
A
or ders and sur pl us commodities .
ve ry f ew cases r eceived small cash
income s~/ f r om odd jobs and f ro m
g/ Fi ve cases r e ceived such income
and the t o tal amo1m t f ell short of
$7 . 00 .
~/ In some inst?..nce s , whe r e evi ct ion was thr eatened , p2.yme nt of r e nt
was ID.:lde by t he Publi We lfa r e Commission .
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Table A.
In comes of 1 49 Re l ief Eouseholds From All Sour ce s~in J uly,
Classified by Size of Household 3lld Race
Si ze of Household
Income
Tot a l
households
Tot a l
$
.01 - 2 . 99
3 . 00 - 5 . 99
6 . 00 - 8. 99
9 . 00 - 11. 99
12 . 00
14 . 99
15 . 00 - 17 . 99
18 . 00 - 20 . 99
21. 00 - 23 . 99
24 . 00 - 26 . 99
27 . 00 - 29 . 99
30 . 00 n11d over
I ncomp l e te r ecords
Aver nge (medi an)
§:./
RGce
One
Two or mor e
12ers on
12er sons Whit e Ne~ o
149
104
5
20
21
31
26
18
4
6
1
2
5
19
21
21
19
7
1
2
1
5
10
$11 . 76
8
$10 . 00
45
1
10
7
11
3
4
1
1
5
2
64
85
1
6
3
16
7
13
4
4
14
18
15
19
5
5
1
1
1
3
4
$16 . 23
1
2
6
$14. 57 $10 . 30
Incl uding surpl us commodities .
I ncomes of 1 49 Re li ef Households Fro m All Sour ce s~{n Octo be r,
Clas si fi ed b;y Si ze of Household and Race
Tab l e B.
Income
Total
household s
Tot a l
. 01 - 2 . 99
3 . 00 - 5 . 99
6 . 00 - 8'. 99
9 . 00 - 11.99
12 . 00 - 14 . 99
15 . 00 - 17 . 99
1 8 . 00 - 20 . 99
21. 00 - 23 . 99
24 . 00 - 26 . 99
27 . 00 and over
Incomple te r ec or ds
$
Size of Household
One
Two or mor e
pe rson
perso ns
149
104
8
54
37
16
10
9
5
2
2
8
53
19
8
2
6
2
1
Aver age (median}
~7 . 01
§] Incl uding surplus commodit ies .
1
18
8
8
3
3
1
2
1
1
5
45
5
~5 . 49
Race
Whit e Ne gro
64
85
1
18
10
7
9
8
5
2
2
7
36
27
9
1
1
2
~10 . 31
~10 . 29
1
3
~5 . 9 6
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One case may b e cited as i ndicative of t he wo r st housing condi ti ons
encount e r ed .
A woman , 72 yea r s of
a ge , was f ound li vir_g in a t hr eer oom house wi tn a badly cle.rnaged r oo f .
One r oom was used f or sto r ing wood , a
se cond was not u t i l ized , and t he
t hi r d one , which se rved as l iving
quart e r s , was ba r e of f u r nitur e . She
used a box fo r a c~ai r and s l ept on
t he fl o)r . The missiI'-g doo r was r ep l aced by a sack .
The r oo f l eaked
b adl y .
Twenty- one
househo l de r s
owned
homes having estimated val ue s r anging be t ween $100 anrl $2 , O')O .
Two t hi r ds of t he home o~ne r s wer e Negr oes .
Mo r tgages we r e r ep ort ed in
f our instances , and s i x househo l ds
st ated t hey we r e in ar r ear s in the
p a yment of taxes .
I nformation obtained fr om t he 149
f am il ies rega r ding di e ts du r ing the
l ast thr e e 0ays be f ore th8 inter vi ews r eveal e d that only 53 househol ds r ep or t e d thr ee m8a l s a day . A
gr oup of 62 families foun CT it ne cessar y to r e s tr i t the numb e r of meal s
t o an a ve r age of two a day , wr.ile
another gr oup of 11 hous e holds r epo r ted on ly t hr ee meals in thr ee
days . Near ly t wo- thir ds of all househo l ds r epo r ted a decr ease i n the
quantity of su h foods as mi l k , meat
stap l es , f r esh vegetables, and canned
goods .
A r.u.~be r of t hem r ep or ted
t hat du r i ng July , milk and meat wer e
r egul arl y inc l uded i n t he ir daily
fare ; these commodi t ies had almos t
comp l etel::t d.i sappear ed f r om t hei r
di e t i n Oc t obe r .
Then questioned conce r n i ng t hei r
mos t u r gen t immedi ate needs , ove r
one- t hird of the househol ds
ment ioned f ood . Some of them r equested
f ood f r om t he i n t e r vi ewe r s . 11 \'le e at
mu ch les s now aEd wi sh we had mo r e u ,
or 11 If I onl y h&d money of my ovm t o
buy some f ood" , we r e state:nents f re quent l y hear d .
I n most in s t ance s,
t he die t was i nsuffi cien t i n quan ti t y and i nade quate i n impo r t an t nutri t ive e ssen ti a ls .
A~t ivi ti es of Pas t We ek
Duri ng the week p r ecedi ng t he
home in t e r vi..ews , on l y a t hi r d of t he
·heads of househo l ds spen t mud: ti me
out ~i de t he ir own hemes .
Tne hi ef
ac tiviti e s thev r epo r t ed wer e 11 see ki ng wor k ", and Hvi s i ting 11 • Si x s t a t e d
t hat they had been busy s t r ee t pe ddl in; , t hr ee die a f ow odd j obs and
f our othe r s had be en out begging .
Stat 3 Pr ovisions fo r
Public Wel f &r e P.nd Ole!. As e Pens i on s
State- wide welfar e wo r k
unde r
state supe r visi on was establ ished in
J une 1935 , when the Publi c We lf a r e
Ac t of Ar kansas became
ope r a t i ve ;
during the pe r iod cove r ed by t he
study , t he Publ ic Wel far e Comm is s i on
was occupied ma i nl y wi t h p r obl ems of
or ganizat ion and wi t h t he r egi s t r ati on of t hose e li gib l e f or old age
pensi ons , so that b.1t l it tl e ass i sta~ .e had been gr a n ted unde r t he
t e r QS of the act .
I n addi t i on to some 500 f am il i es
on the rel i ef r olls in. Lit t l e Rock
a t the p r esent t ime , 30~ mo r e a r e
r epo r ted t o be el igib l e f or ass i stance .
Tnl e ss l ar ge r al locat ions
a r e made fr om state funds , f ami ly
gr ants will become sti ll small e r as
this addit i ona l l oad i s a ssumed .
Ab0u t t hree- f i ft hs of t he f amil ies studied. had heads who we r e 65
year s of age or eve r .
The majo r i t y
of these pe r son s woul d p r obab l y be
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e li gible f or an old agA pe nsion .
Arkansas r e cent l y cna~t d such a l aw ,
but up to ~Tovernber 15, 193:5 no funds
had been set aside f or administ r aTra:rn f er of those
tion of t he ast .
pe r so~s eligible f or care un~e r tne
Old Age Fe~si on Act f r om t~e r oi ls
of the Public lelfar e Commission
would considerably lighten the bur den of tnEt e gency an d make possib le
mo r e a 6eq~at e assistan e f or t he r emainde r of the sroup .
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Tab l e I . Heads of 149 Rel ief Hous eho l ds CJassi fied by
Race and Sex a:::i.d by Numbe r of Pe rs ons in Ho . :.s e:t.o l d
One
Two or mo r e
Total
Race and s ex
pe rs on
ue rs or..
h o~s eholds nous ehold s
hou s eho ld s
1
.hl l r ace s
Hal e head s
Fema l e hea d s
149
85
64
104
58
46
45
27
18
W'.ni t e
Mal e hec'..d. s
Femal e h eo,d s
64
41
24
40
26
14
24
14
10
Negr o
Ual e h ea ds
Femal e heai s
85
45
64
32
32
21
13
Tc'..b l e II .
40
P,
J..ge Di stri-0'.1 t ion 1f :Ie:--.is 0f 14:9 Rel ief
Househol ds
=========
Cl a ssifi sl t 7_ Ru~e
J,.ge di stributi on
Whi t e
ill ages
1 8 - 24 ye2.rs
Negr o
1 49
64
85
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
25 - 34
II
35 - 44
II
4 5 - 54
II
l?
8
9
55 - 64
II
28
17
11
65 - 74
II
58
21
37
75 - 84
II
29
11
18
2
2
85 ye~rs and ov er
__ __ _i_ __ ___
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
8372
- 7-
Table III . Disabilities of He ads of 149 Relief
Households Cl ass ifie d by Race
Dis ability
.All disabilities
.
Tot al
White
Hegr o
149
64
85
33
16
16
10
9
7
7
6
6
6
5
5
18
14
7
4
4
4
19
9
12
11
2
7
5
2
3
Senility
Heart disea se
Pheuma tism
Nephritis
Cr ippling injury
High blood p re ssur e
Ment al defecti ve
.Asthma
Tot a l blindness
Pa r alysis
He r ni a
Cancer
Other dis abilities
Not a sce r t a inable
3
2
1
4
5
3
6
5
7
4
4
5
2
Table IV . Former Regul a r Occupa tions of Hea ds of
149 Relief Hous eholds Cl a ssified bv Race
Occupation
Total
White
Negr o
Tot a l
149
64
85
Skilled wo r k
Ca rpente r
Pain~e r
J3l acksmi th
Othe r skilled
18
5
12
2
6
3
3
4
4
6
3
3
Unskilled wo r k
Fa r m l abo r er
Lab orer
Domestic se r vant
Othe r unskilled
93
9
44
34
26
2
17
6
5
67
7
27
32
1
Non- manual work
Salesman.
Othe r non- manual
20
10
10
15
7
8
5
Housewives
Not a scerta inabl e
15
3
:ic
5
1
2
3
2
3
2
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
8372
Table V..
Education of Heads of 1 49 Relief Households
Gl aa sified by Rac e
Numbe r of gra,des
c omoleted.
.ill he~_.d_s..;__ _ Wh
_ i_t_e_ ___.;;1;....;e_,f.....,r'-o'------Tot al , a ll gr3des
149
64
85
Non e
42
6
36
11
3
8
22
10
12
18
l C'·
8
ga
ti
29
14
15
7 9
6
3
9 - 1 0 II
11 - 1 2 II
11
8
3
O•re r 12 gr a des
1
1
Hot a scer t a i nable
6
6
§:/ Twenty i n t h i s gr oup (11 wh ites, 9 _-egro es) had
1 - 2 gr a de s
II
3 - 4
II
5 - 6
c omp l e ted ei gh t gr a des .
Table VI. Dura tion of E. R. A. Reli ef
fo r 149 Case s Cl a ssi fi ed by Race
Dur a tion of r el i ef
Tot al
Wh ite
Negro
Tot al , all p erio ds
1
6
11
16
21
26
5 mon t hs
-
1()
15
20
25
II
II
II
II
mon t h s i:ill d ov er
Not a sce rt ainabl e
Av er ('.g e r el ief p erio d
in mon t hs
T~ble VII .
149
64
85
8
15
29
35
29
30
4
4
7
16
21
18
19
e
13
14
11
l J.
3
3
18
17
19
Mon t hl y Ren t al s of ~u a rt er s Occup i ed by
1 2 8 Relief Hou s ehol ds Cl a ss if i ed by Ra c_e_ __ __
Ren t als
To t ::i.l , all r ent als
No r en t
$ • 01 - 1. 99
Tot al
Whi t e
Negro
128
57
71
46
4
15
40
10
11
21
1
5
16
4
25
3
10
24
6
l
C'
1
and ov er
2
Not a s c er,t a inable
2
$ 6. 5 8 $4 . 5 5
Avera!!,e ~Y( a r ithmeti c me an) $5 . 45
2 . 00
4. 00
6. 00
8 . 00
§:/
- 3. 9 9
- 5,. 99
- 7 . 99
Ba sed on~ it &J tW',.;.s ehoH.s pay i ng r en t .
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
@FedFRASER