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Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.

Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex, and race, April-July 1996
Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex, and race, July 1994-96
Employed persons 16 to 24 years of age by industry, class of worker, and race, July 1995-96

Technical information:

Media contact:

(202) 606-6378
606-6373
606-5902

USDL 96-360
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Thursday, September 19, 1996

EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG YOUTH--SUMMER 1996

The number of employed youth increased by 2.6 million from April to July-the traditional summertime peak--the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the
U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This seasonal expansion in
employment of 16- to 24-year-olds was the same as that of a year earlier.
The number of unemployed young people, which also grows at this time every
year, rose by 603,000. (Because the focus of this analysis is the seasonal
changes in youth employment and unemployment that occur every spring and
summer, the data are not adjusted for seasonality.)
Labor Force
The 16- to 24-year old labor force--those working or actively looking
for work--expands sharply between April and July each year, as large
numbers of high school and college students search for summer jobs and
recent graduates look for permanent employment. This summer, the youth
labor force rose by 3.2 million, to a total of 23.7 million in July. This
was about in line with the increase which occurred over the same period in
1995. (See table 1.)
The labor force participation rate for youth in July--the proportion of
their population in the labor force--was 73.3 percent, a percentage point
lower than the July 1995 level. The participation rates for each of the
component groups--men, women, whites, and blacks--also were a bit lower
than a year earlier. (See table 2.)
Employment
July youth employment was 20.7 million in 1996. The proportion of young
people in the civilian population who were employed--64.1 percent in July-was slightly below that of a year earlier. The employment-to-population
ratio declined for young men and white youth, while remaining essentially

unchanged for women and black youth.

(See table 2.)

Three-fifths of youth worked in retail trade and services in July;
about 7 percent were employed in government. Black youth were more likely
than white youth to work in government. (See table 3.)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------| NOTE: This release provides data on the influx of youth
|
|into the labor market between the spring and summer (table 1).
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|The April-July period is used as the most representative time frame
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|to measure the full summertime transition from school to work. July
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|is preferable for analytical purposes since it is traditionally the peak|
|month of youth employment.
|
| Information in this release will be made available to sensory
|
|impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT;
|
|TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
|
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Unemployment
The number of unemployed youth in July (3.0 million) and their
unemployment rate (12.6 percent) were essentially the same as the year
before. Unemployment rates for young men (13.0 percent), women (12.1
percent), whites (10.5 percent), and blacks (25.4 percent) were little
changed from a year ago. (See table 2.)

Table 1.

Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex, and race, April-July 1996

(Numbers in thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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| April-July changes
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Employment status, sex, and race
| April |
May
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June |
July |------------------|
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| Number | Percent
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Civilian noninstitutional population.................|
Civilian labor force...............................|
Participation rate...........................|
Employed.........................................|
Employment-population ratio (2)..............|
Unemployed.......................................|
Looking for full-time work.....................|
Looking for part-time work.....................|
Unemployment rate..............................|
Not in labor force.................................|
|
Men
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|
Civilian noninstitutional population.................|
Civilian labor force...............................|
Participation rate...........................|
Employed.........................................|
Employment-population ratio (2)..............|
Unemployed.......................................|
Looking for full-time work.....................|
Looking for part-time work.....................|
Unemployment rate..............................|
Not in labor force.................................|
|
Women
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.................|
Civilian labor force...............................|
Participation rate...........................|
Employed.........................................|
Employment-population ratio (2)..............|
Unemployed.......................................|
Looking for full-time work.....................|
Looking for part-time work.....................|
Unemployment rate..............................|
Not in labor force.................................|
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|
White
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|
Civilian noninstitutional population.................|
Civilian labor force...............................|
Participation rate...........................|
TOTAL

32,299
20,448
63.3
18,076
56.0
2,372
1,501
870
11.6
11,851

16,149
10,748
66.6
9,380
58.1
1,368
922
446
12.7
5,401

16,150
9,700
60.1
8,697
53.8
1,003
579
424
10.3
6,450

25,681
16,959
66.0

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32,224
21,105
65.5
18,439
57.2
2,666
1,841
824
12.6
11,119

16,120
11,182
69.4
9,702
60.2
1,480
1,097
383
13.2
4,938

16,104
9,923
61.6
8,737
54.3
1,185
744
441
11.9
6,182

25,695
17,556
68.3

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32,284
22,853
70.8
19,890
61.6
2,963
2,139
824
13.0
9,431

16,152
12,123
75.1
10,539
65.3
1,584
1,186
398
13.1
4,029

16,132
10,730
66.5
9,351
58.0
1,379
953
426
12.9
5,402

25,714
19,019
74.0

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32,310
23,677
73.3
20,702
64.1
2,975
2,136
839
12.6
8,633

16,179
12,667
78.3
11,023
68.1
1,644
1,182
462
13.0
3,512

16,131
11,010
68.3
9,678
60.0
1,331
954
377
12.1
5,121

25,729
19,644
76.4

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11
3,229
10.0
2,626
8.1
603
635
-32
1.0
-3,218

30
1,919
11.7
1,644
10.1
276
260
15
.3
-1,889

-19
1,310
8.2
982
6.1
328
375
-47
1.8
-1,329

48
2,685
10.3

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(1)
15.8
15.8
14.5
14.5
25.4
42.3
-3.6
8.6
-27.2

.2
17.9
17.6
17.5
17.2
20.1
28.2
3.4
2.4
-35.0

-.1
13.5
13.6
11.3
11.5
32.6
64.8
-11.1
17.5
-20.6

.2
15.8
15.8

Employed.........................................| 15,274 | 15,594 | 16,939 | 17,584 |
2,310 |
15.1
Employment-population ratio (2)..............|
59.5 |
60.7 |
65.9 |
68.3 |
8.9 |
14.8
Unemployed.......................................|
1,685 |
1,963 |
2,080 |
2,060 |
376 |
22.3
Looking for full-time work.....................|
1,020 |
1,313 |
1,470 |
1,429 |
409 |
40.2
Looking for part-time work.....................|
665 |
649 |
610 |
632 |
-33 |
-5.0
Unemployment rate..............................|
9.9 |
11.2 |
10.9 |
10.5 |
.6 |
6.1
Not in labor force.................................|
8,722 |
8,138 |
6,695 |
6,085 | -2,638 |
-30.2
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Black
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Civilian noninstitutional population.................|
4,848 |
4,856 |
4,880 |
4,883 |
35 |
.7
Civilian labor force...............................|
2,580 |
2,695 |
2,896 |
3,026 |
446 |
17.3
Participation rate...........................|
53.2 |
55.5 |
59.3 |
62.0 |
8.7 |
16.5
Employed.........................................|
2,022 |
2,106 |
2,132 |
2,258 |
235 |
11.6
Employment-population ratio (2)..............|
41.7 |
43.4 |
43.7 |
46.2 |
4.5 |
10.8
Unemployed.......................................|
557 |
589 |
763 |
768 |
211 |
37.8
Looking for full-time work.....................|
395 |
452 |
573 |
617 |
222 |
56.1
Looking for part-time work.....................|
162 |
136 |
190 |
151 |
-11 |
-6.7
Unemployment rate..............................|
21.6 |
21.8 |
26.4 |
25.4 |
3.8 |
17.6
Not in labor force.................................|
2,269 |
2,161 |
1,984 |
1,858 |
-411 |
-18.1
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Less than 0.05 percent.
2 Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.

Table 2.

Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex, and race, July 1994-96

(Numbers in thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Employment status, sex, and race
|
1994
|
1995
|
1996
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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TOTAL
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Civilian noninstitutional population...........................|
32,579
|
32,436
|
32,310
Civilian labor force.........................................|
24,132
|
24,102
|
23,677
Participation rate.....................................|
74.1
|
74.3
|
73.3
Employed...................................................|
21,068
|
21,041
|
20,702

Employment-population ratio (1)........................|
Unemployed.................................................|
Looking for full-time work...............................|
Looking for part-time work...............................|
Unemployment rate........................................|
Not in labor force...........................................|
|
Men
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population...........................|
Civilian labor force.........................................|
Participation rate.....................................|
Employed...................................................|
Employment-population ratio (1)........................|
Unemployed.................................................|
Looking for full-time work...............................|
Looking for part-time work...............................|
Unemployment rate........................................|
Not in labor force...........................................|
|
Women
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population...........................|
Civilian labor force.........................................|
Participation rate.....................................|
Employed...................................................|
Employment-population ratio (1)........................|
Unemployed.................................................|
Looking for full-time work...............................|
Looking for part-time work...............................|
Unemployment rate........................................|
Not in labor force...........................................|
|
|
White
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population...........................|
Civilian labor force.........................................|
Participation rate.....................................|
Employed...................................................|
Employment-population ratio (1)........................|
Unemployed.................................................|
Looking for full-time work...............................|
Looking for part-time work...............................|
Unemployment rate........................................|
Not in labor force...........................................|

64.7
3,064
2,339
725
12.7
8,447

16,292
12,836
78.8
11,159
68.5
1,676
1,320
356
13.1
3,456

16,287
11,297
69.4
9,909
60.8
1,388
1,019
368
12.3
4,990

25,963
20,048
77.2
17,928
69.1
2,120
1,596
524
10.6
5,915

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64.9
3,062
2,273
789
12.7
8,334

16,246
12,884
79.3
11,311
69.6
1,573
1,219
354
12.2
3,363

16,190
11,219
69.3
9,730
60.1
1,489
1,054
435
13.3
4,971

25,777
19,890
77.2
17,876
69.3
2,014
1,454
559
10.1
5,887

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64.1
2,975
2,136
839
12.6
8,633

16,179
12,667
78.3
11,023
68.1
1,644
1,182
462
13.0
3,512

16,131
11,010
68.3
9,678
60.0
1,331
954
377
12.1
5,121

25,729
19,644
76.4
17,584
68.3
2,060
1,428
632
10.5
6,085

|
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Civilian noninstitutional population...........................|
4,826
|
4,834
|
4,883
Civilian labor force.........................................|
3,073
|
3,083
|
3,026
Participation rate.....................................|
63.7
|
63.8
|
62.0
Employed...................................................|
2,309
|
2,230
|
2,258
Employment-population ratio (1)........................|
47.8
|
46.1
|
46.2
Unemployed.................................................|
764
|
852
|
768
Looking for full-time work...............................|
634
|
667
|
617
Looking for part-time work...............................|
130
|
186
|
151
Unemployment rate........................................|
24.9
|
27.7
|
25.4
Not in labor force...........................................|
1,753
|
1,751
|
1,858
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Black

1 Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.

Table 3.

Employed persons 16 to 24 years of age by industry, class of worker, and race, July 1995-96

(Numbers in thousands. Data are not seasonally adjusted.)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Total
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White
|
Black
___________________________________________________________
Industry and class of worker
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1995 |
1996 |
1995 |
1996 |
1995 |
1996
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Total employed...................................| 21,041 | 20,702 | 17,876 | 17,584 |
2,230 |
2,258
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Agriculture .........................................|
882 |
805 |
831 |
774 |
17 |
17
Nonagricultural industries...........................| 20,159 | 19,897 | 17,044 | 16,810 |
2,214 |
2,241
Private wage and salary workers....................| 18,131 | 18,111 | 15,412 | 15,403 |
1,913 |
1,971
Mining...........................................|
42 |
59 |
39 |
50 |
2 |
9
Construction.....................................|
1,157 |
1,105 |
1,064 |
1,041 |
60 |
51
Manufacturing....................................|
2,274 |
2,174 |
1,876 |
1,808 |
247 |
279
Transportation and public utilities..............|
701 |
707 |
569 |
542 |
105 |
136
Wholesale trade..................................|
613 |
584 |
547 |
514 |
43 |
51
Retail trade.....................................|
7,224 |
7,428 |
6,119 |
6,309 |
806 |
806

Finance, insurance, and real estate..............|
894 |
786 |
734 |
654 |
109 |
81
Services.........................................|
5,228 |
5,268 |
4,463 |
4,483 |
540 |
558
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Government.........................................|
1,560 |
1,396 |
1,222 |
1,074 |
268 |
239
Federal..........................................|
204 |
158 |
141 |
106 |
46 |
26
State............................................|
478 |
476 |
355 |
368 |
104 |
80
Local............................................|
878 |
763 |
727 |
600 |
119 |
134
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Self-employed and unpaid family workers............|
468 |
390 |
410 |
333 |
32 |
31
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________