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Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.

Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, April-July 1995
Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, July 1991-95
Employed persons 16 to 24 years of age by industry, class of worker, and race, July 1994-95

Technical information:

Media contact:

(202) 606-6378
606-6373
606-5902

USDL 95-372

For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Friday, September 15, 1995

EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG YOUTH--SUMMER 1995
The number of employed youth increased by 2.6 million between April
and July--the summertime peak, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. This seasonal expansion in employment
of 16- to 24-year-olds was slightly smaller than that of a year earlier.
The number of unemployed young people also rose between the spring and
summer--by 645,000. The unemployment rate for young people in July was the
same as a year earlier--12.7 percent. (Because the focus of this analysis
is the seasonal change in youth employment and unemployment, the data used
for this release are not adjusted for seasonality.)
Labor Force
Between April and July each year, the number of 16- to 24-year-olds in
the labor force--those working or actively looking for work--expands
sharply, as large numbers of high school and college students search for
summer jobs and recent graduates look for permanent employment. This
summer, the increase of 3.3 million was about the same magnitude as in
1994, bringing the youth labor force to 24.1 million in July. (See
table 1.)
The labor force participation rate for young men in July--the
proportion of their population in the labor force--was 79.3 percent, half a
percentage point higher than the July 1994 level. The rate for young women
(69.3 percent) was little different from a year earlier. (See table 2.)
Employment
The number of youth employed grew by 2.6 million between April and
July of 1995 to a level of 21.0 million. This increase was about 320,000
lower than that in the summer of 1994. (See table 1.)

-----------------------------------------------------------|
NOTE: This release provides data on the influx of
|
|youth into the labor market between the spring and summer
|
|(table 1). The April-July period is used as the most
|
|representative time frame to measure the full summertime
|
|transition from school to work. July is preferable for
|
|analytical purposes, since it is traditionally the peak
|
|month of youth employment.
|
|
Information in this release will be made available to
|
|sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
|
|202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral |
|phone: 1-800-326-2577.
|
------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Overall, the proportion of young people in the civilian population who
were employed--64.9 percent in July--was little different from a year
earlier. Among young men, however, the ratio of 69.6 percent was 1.1
percentage points higher than last year, while the 60.1 percent figure for
young women was 0.7 percentage point lower. Employment-population ratios
this July were notably lower than a year ago among black youth (down 1.7
percentage points to 46.1 percent) and little different for white youth
(69.3 percent). (See table 2.) As in prior years, the vast majority of
youth this July--nearly 9 in 10--worked in the private sector, with about 6
in 10 working in the retail trade and services industries. (See table 3.)
Unemployment
The number of unemployed youth in July (3.1 million) and their
unemployment rate (12.7 percent) were the same as the year before. (See
table 2.) In contrast, the jobless rate for persons 25 years and over was
about half a percentage point lower. Among youth, the unemployment rates
were lower in July than a year earlier for men and whites, but were higher
among women and blacks.
Table 1.

Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, April-July 1995

(Numbers in thousands.

Data are not seasonally adjusted.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
April-July changes
Employment status, sex, and race
|
April
|
May
|
June
|
July
|
_________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|

|
|
|
|
|
Number
| Percent
|
|
|
|
|
|
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
32,335
|
32,359
|
32,434
|
32,436
|
101
|
0.3
Civilian labor force...........................|
20,831
|
21,141
|
23,455
|
24,102
|
3,271
|
15.7
Participation rate.......................|
64.4
|
65.3
|
72.3
|
74.3
|
9.9
|
15.4
Employed.....................................|
18,414
|
18,543
|
20,366
|
21,041
|
2,627
|
14.3
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
56.9
|
57.3
|
62.8
|
64.9
|
8.0
|
14.1
Unemployed...................................|
2,417
|
2,598
|
3,089
|
3,062
|
645
|
26.7
Looking for full-time work.................|
1,493
|
1,731
|
2,252
|
2,273
|
780
|
52.2
Looking for part-time work.................|
924
|
867
|
838
|
789
|
-135
|
-14.6
Unemployment rate..........................|
11.6
|
12.3
|
13.2
|
12.7
|
1.1
|
9.5
Not in labor force.............................|
11,504
|
11,217
|
8,979
|
8,334
|
-3,170
|
-27.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Men
|
|
|
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
16,166
|
16,184
|
16,250
|
16,246
|
80
|
.5
Civilian labor force...........................|
11,023
|
11,204
|
12,504
|
12,884
|
1,861
|
16.9
Participation rate.......................|
68.2
|
69.2
|
76.9
|
79.3
|
11.1
|
16.3
Employed.....................................|
9,706
|
9,791
|
10,881
|
11,311
|
1,605
|
16.5
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
60.0
|
60.5
|
67.0
|
69.6
|
9.6
|
16.0
Unemployed...................................|
1,317
|
1,413
|
1,623
|
1,573
|
256
|
19.4
Looking for full-time work.................|
885
|
1,000
|
1,250
|
1,219
|
334
|
37.7
Looking for part-time work.................|
432
|
413
|
374
|
354
|
-78
|
-18.1
Unemployment rate..........................|
11.9
|
12.6
|
13.0
|
12.2
|
.3
|
2.5
Not in labor force.............................|
5,143
|
4,980
|
3,746
|
3,363
|
-1,780
|
-34.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Women
|
|
|
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
16,169
|
16,175
|
16,184
|
16,190
|
21
|
.1
Civilian labor force...........................|
9,808
|
9,937
|
10,951
|
11,219
|
1,411
|
14.4
Participation rate.......................|
60.7
|
61.4
|
67.7
|
69.3
|
8.6
|
14.2
Employed.....................................|
8,708
|
8,752
|
9,485
|
9,730
|
1,022
|
11.7
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
53.9
|
54.1
|
58.6
|
60.1
|
6.2
|
11.5
Unemployed...................................|
1,100
|
1,185
|
1,466
|
1,489
|
389
|
35.4
Looking for full-time work.................|
608
|
732
|
1,002
|
1,054
|
446
|
73.4
Looking for part-time work.................|
492
|
454
|
464
|
435
|
-57
|
11.6
Unemployment rate..........................|
11.2
|
11.9
|
13.4
|
13.3
|
2.1
|
18.8
Not in labor force.............................|
6,361
|
6,238
|
5,233
|
4,971
|
-1,390
|
-21.9
|
|
|
|
|
|

|

|

|

|

|

|

White
|
|
|
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
25,825
|
25,808
|
25,798
|
25,777
|
-48
|
-.2
Civilian labor force...........................|
17,415
|
17,670
|
19,463
|
19,890
|
2,475
|
14.2
Participation rate.......................|
67.4
|
68.5
|
75.4
|
77.2
|
9.8
|
14.5
Employed.....................................|
15,690
|
15,811
|
17,353
|
17,876
|
2,186
|
13.9
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
60.8
|
61.3
|
67.3
|
69.3
|
8.5
|
14.0
Unemployed...................................|
1,725
|
1,859
|
2,110
|
2,014
|
289
|
16.8
Looking for full-time work.................|
1,067
|
1,206
|
1,497
|
1,454
|
387
|
36.3
Looking for part-time work.................|
658
|
653
|
613
|
559
|
-99
|
-15.0
Unemployment rate..........................|
9.9
|
10.5
|
10.8
|
10.1
|
.2
|
2.0
Not in labor force.............................|
8,410
|
8,138
|
6,336
|
5,887
|
-2,523
|
-30.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black
|
|
|
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
4,844
|
4,826
|
4,832
|
4,834
|
-10
|
-.2
Civilian labor force...........................|
2,533
|
2,562
|
2,967
|
3,083
|
550
|
21.7
Participation rate.......................|
52.3
|
53.1
|
61.4
|
63.8
|
11.5
|
22.0
Employed.....................................|
1,981
|
1,938
|
2,139
|
2,230
|
249
|
12.6
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
40.9
|
40.1
|
44.3
|
46.1
|
5.2
|
12.7
Unemployed...................................|
553
|
625
|
828
|
852
|
299
|
54.1
Looking for full-time work.................|
348
|
444
|
649
|
667
|
319
|
91.7
Looking for part-time work.................|
205
|
180
|
178
|
186
|
-19
|
-9.3
Unemployment rate..........................|
21.8
|
24.4
|
27.9
|
27.7
|
5.9
|
27.1
Not in labor force.............................|
2,311
|
2,264
|
1,865
|
1,751
|
-560
|
-24.2
|
|
|
|
|
|
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/

Table 2.

Employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.

Employment status of the civilian population 16 to 24 years of age by sex and race, July 1991-95

(Numbers in thousands.

Data are not seasonally adjusted.)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
|
Employment status, sex, and race
|
1991
|
1992
|
1993
|
1994
|
1995
|
|
|
|
|
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL

|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
Civilian labor force...........................|
Participation rate.......................|
Employed.....................................|
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
Unemployed...................................|
Looking for full-time work.................|
Looking for part-time work.................|
Unemployment rate..........................|
Not in labor force.............................|
|
|
Men
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
Civilian labor force...........................|
Participation rate.......................|
Employed.....................................|
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
Unemployed...................................|
Looking for full-time work.................|
Looking for part-time work.................|
Unemployment rate..........................|
Not in labor force.............................|
|
|
Women
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
Civilian labor force...........................|
Participation rate.......................|
Employed.....................................|
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
Unemployed...................................|
Looking for full-time work.................|
Looking for part-time work.................|
Unemployment rate..........................|
Not in labor force.............................|
|
|
White
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
Civilian labor force...........................|
Participation rate.......................|

31,172
22,975
73.7
19,822
63.6
3,152
2,302
850
13.7
8,198

15,443
12,294
79.6
10,580
68.5
1,714
1,316
399
13.9
3,149

15,729
10,680
67.9
9,243
58.8
1,438
986
451
13.5
5,049

25,339
19,482
76.9

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

30,880
23,076
74.7
19,745
63.9
3,331
2,360
971
14.4
7,803

15,302
12,205
79.8
10,433
68.2
1,772
1,291
480
14.5
3,097

15,577
10,871
69.8
9,312
59.8
1,559
1,068
491
14.3
4,706

24,991
19,400
77.6

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

30,814
22,987
74.6
19,947
64.7
3,039
2,252
788
13.2
7,828

15,298
12,148
79.4
10,491
68.6
1,657
1,263
394
13.6
3,150

15,516
10,839
69.9
9,456
60.9
1,383
989
394
12.8
4,677

24,866
19,249
77.4

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

32,579
24,132
74.1
21,068
64.7
3,064
2,339
725
12.7
8,447

16,292
12,836
78.8
11,159
68.5
1,676
1,320
356
13.1
3,456

16,287
11,297
69.4
9,909
60.8
1,388
1,019
368
12.3
4,990

25,963
20,048
77.2

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

32,436
24,102
74.3
21,041
64.9
3,062
2,273
789
12.7
8,334

16,246
12,884
79.3
11,311
69.6
1,573
1,219
354
12.2
3,363

16,190
11,219
69.3
9,730
60.1
1,489
1,054
435
13.3
4,971

25,777
19,890
77.2

Employed.....................................|
17,131
|
17,081
|
17,144
|
17,928
|
17,876
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
67.6
|
68.3
|
68.9
|
69.1
|
69.3
Unemployed...................................|
2,350
|
2,319
|
2,105
|
2,120
|
2,014
Looking for full-time work.................|
1,705
|
1,612
|
1,560
|
1,596
|
1,454
Looking for part-time work.................|
646
|
707
|
545
|
524
|
559
Unemployment rate..........................|
12.1
|
12.0
|
10.9
|
10.6
|
10.1
Not in labor force.............................|
5,857
|
5,591
|
5,616
|
5,915
|
5,887
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Black
|
|
|
|
|
Civilian noninstitutional population.............|
4,568
|
4,568
|
4,585
|
4,826
|
4,834
Civilian labor force...........................|
2,743
|
2,888
|
2,907
|
3,073
|
3,083
Participation rate.......................|
60.0
|
63.2
|
63.4
|
63.7
|
63.8
Employed.....................................|
2,034
|
2,010
|
2,120
|
2,309
|
2,230
Employment-population ratio 1/...........|
44.5
|
44.0
|
46.2
|
47.8
|
46.1
Unemployed...................................|
708
|
878
|
787
|
764
|
852
Looking for full-time work.................|
538
|
670
|
611
|
634
|
667
Looking for part-time work.................|
171
|
208
|
176
|
130
|
186
Unemployment rate..........................|
25.8
|
30.4
|
27.1
|
24.9
|
27.7
Not in labor force.............................|
1,825
|
1,679
|
1,678
|
1,753
|
1,751
|
|
|
|
|
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1/ Employment as a percent of the civilian
noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Data for 1994 and 1995 are not directly comparable
with data for 1993 and earlier years. For additional

Table 3.

information, see "Revisions in the Current Population Survey
Effective January 1994" in the February 1994 issue of
Employment and Earnings.

Employed persons 16 to 24 years of age by industry, class of worker, and race, July 1994-95

(In thousands.

Data are not seasonally adjusted.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
Total
|
White
|
Black
Industry and class of workere
|
|
|
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1994
|
1995
|
1994
|
1995
|
1994
|
1995
|
|
|
|
|
|
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total employed..............................|
21,068
|
21,041
|
17,928
|
17,876
|
2,309
|
2,230
|
|
|
|
|
|

Agriculture.....................................|
732
|
882
|
685
|
831
|
42
|
17
Nonagricultural industries......................|
20,336
|
20,159
|
17,244
|
17,044
|
2,267
|
2,214
Private wage and salary workers...............|
18,147
|
18,131
|
15,528
|
15,412
|
1,890
|
1,913
Mining......................................|
55
|
42
|
44
|
39
|
8
|
2
Construction................................|
1,035
|
1,157
|
940
|
1,064
|
58
|
60
Manufacturing...............................|
2,240
|
2,274
|
1,926
|
1,876
|
208
|
247
Transportation and public utilities.........|
664
|
701
|
575
|
569
|
64
|
105
Wholesale trade.............................|
626
|
613
|
548
|
547
|
53
|
43
Retail trade................................|
7,278
|
7,224
|
6,222
|
6,119
|
783
|
806
Finance, insurance, and real estate.........|
938
|
894
|
799
|
735
|
100
|
109
Services....................................|
5,311
|
5,228
|
4,474
|
4,463
|
616
|
540
Government....................................|
1,673
|
1,559
|
1,262
|
1,223
|
328
|
269
Federal.....................................|
255
|
204
|
164
|
141
|
63
|
45
State.......................................|
547
|
478
|
425
|
355
|
96
|
104
Local.......................................|
872
|
877
|
673
|
727
|
168
|
119
Self-employed and unpaid family workers.......|
516
|
468
|
454
|
410
|
49
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________