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From the President

Opening Remarks—Book Launch: The Future of
Building Wealth
September 30, 2021
Remarks: pdf | text (below)
St. Louis Fed President Jim Bullard delivered opening remarks at the book launch of “The
Future of Building Wealth: Brief Essays on the Best Ideas to Build Wealth—for Everyone.”
The book’s authors aim to document wealth gaps along racial, educational, generational
and gender lines, and to point to some promising solutions. The Aspen Institute and the St.
Louis Fed partnered to publish the book, which includes 63 essays from leading experts.
Full text of remarks:

Opening Remarks1
James Bullard
President and CEO, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Book Launch: The Future of Building Wealth
The Aspen Institute and Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Sept. 30, 2021
It’s a pleasure to be here. I want to thank Dan Porter�eld for his introduction and for
organizing today’s exciting book launch event.
The St. Louis Fed is proud to partner with the Aspen Institute for this book on building
wealth inclusively. When Ray approached us with the idea for this book, we thought, “What
a great way to keep Ray busy!”
But seriously, like Ray, the St. Louis Fed believes that the con�uence of so many large events
makes this book especially timely—the pandemic, the recession that followed, and our
nation’s critical efforts around racial reckoning. And all of these are occurring amidst levels
of economic inequality our nation hasn’t seen in a century. These are precisely the kinds of

events that present opportunities to update our country’s social contract. We didn’t want to
miss our chance to put some bold and innovative ideas on the table.
While it’s not the Fed’s role to direct �scal policy, it is our role as thought leaders—in
macroeconomic policy, economic research, economic education and community
development—to offer fact-based ideas that could improve our nation’s economy, especially
for those struggling Americans who could more fully reap its rewards.
Thought leadership has always been central to the St. Louis Fed’s mission, and we were
eager to provide leadership in an area where we were already heavily invested: savings and
wealth building among those with fewer resources.
Through our recently sunset Center for Household Financial Stability, founded in the wake
of the Great Recession, we documented large and enduring wealth gaps along racial,
educational, generational and gender lines. These gaps, as the opening essays in the book
demonstrate, remain large and enduring:
• The top 10% of American families owns 70% of total �nancial wealth, while the bottom
half owns only 2%.
• Those in the top half of the wealth distribution are more likely to be older, white or
highly educated; these groups own more family wealth than their share of the
population.
• The bottom half is disproportionately younger, Black or Hispanic and less educated;
these groups own less family wealth than their share of the population.
In many ways, we see this book as a capstone of the Center’s efforts to promote wealth
building inclusively, but we also see it as a cornerstone of the Center’s successor, the
Institute for Economic Equity, which views wealth equity as critical to achieving overall
economic equity in our country.
Obviously, we have a long way to go to reach wealth equity. For example, the typical, or
median, white family has a net worth of about $184,000, while the typical Black family has
just $23,000.
Think about what these different levels mean for a family’s economic resilience in the face
of a job loss, car breakdown or natural disaster—or for a family’s ability to look ahead: to
invest in education, a small business, a �rst home or a secure retirement. We all know that
wealth begets wealth, so the challenge is: How do you accumulate some wealth in the �rst
place? Answering that question is one of the reasons we’re eager to publish this book.
The book aims to document profound wealth gaps but also point toward some promising
solutions. Knowing that we don’t have all the answers, Ray and Aspen reached out to over

100 diverse and leading experts, resulting in over 60 original essays. These essays not only
offered the latest thinking on ways to shore up fragile family balance sheets, but also how to
devise entirely new ways of generating an ownership stake in the U.S. economy.
Importantly, working toward wealth equity at the household level contributes to a stronger
overall economy. This point was strongly reinforced in a conversation I had with three of my
Fed colleagues—Presidents Bostic of the Atlanta Fed, Harker of the Philadelphia Fed and
Kashkari of the Minneapolis Fed—a summary of which is included in this book. In that
discussion, my colleagues also described how the Fed could help address racial and other
wealth gaps using the tools at its disposal.
Thank you for joining us today. We hope you’ll pick up your free copy—the price is right—of
the book and especially engage in the conversations we’re sure it will start.
I’m now pleased to turn the program over to the book’s co-editors, my colleague Ray
Boshara along with Ida Rademacher of the Aspen Institute.
1 Any opinions expressed here are my own and do not necessarily re�ect those of the

Federal Open Market Committee.