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State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders July 1, 1942-July 1, 1950 REVISED SUPPLEMENT TO BULLETIN 191 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR WOMEN’S BUREAU BULLETIN 227, REVISED a DEPOSITOR State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders July 1, 1942-July 1, 1950 REVISED SUPPLEMENT TO BULLETIN 191 lliBl BULLETIN OF THE WOMEN’S BUREAU No. 227, REVISED UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary WOMEN’S BUREAU Frieda S. Miller, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 20 cents LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL United States Department oe Labor, Women’s Bureau, Washington, July 1, 1950. I have the honor to transmit an analysis of State minimumwage orders now current which have been either newly issued or revised since July 1942. Ninety-four orders and six statutes fixing rates are included in the present analysis, and these represent 22 of the 30 jurisdictions now having minimum-wage laws on their statute books. This bulletin adds to Women’s Bureau Bulletin 227, of which it is a revision, analysis of statutory amendments and minimum-wage orders that have become effective since January 1, 1949. Like Bulletin 227, the revision supplements Bulletin 191, which analyzed statutes and orders issued up to July 1942. M. Loretta Sullivan and Alice Angus, of the Bureau’s Division on Women’s Labor Law and Civil and Political Status, performed the research and analysis for the report under the direction of Margaret L. Plunkett, Chief of the Division. Respectfully submitted. Frieda S. Miller, Director. Hon. Maurice J. Tobin, Secretary oj Labor. (in) Sir: STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS July 1, 1942-JuIy 1, 1950 SUMMARY This bulletin presents an analysis of the various State minimumwage orders now current which have become effective since publica tion of Women’s Bureau Bulletin 191, “State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders,” in 1942. In the present analysis only orders issued since July 1, 1942, and now current are included. Therefore, Bulletin 191 must be consulted for analysis of currently effective orders issued prior to that date. In the present Supplement, the orders of each State are arranged chronologically according to the effective date. If the order is a revision, this fact is noted and the number and effective date of the superseded order are shown. If more than one revision of an order was made in the 8-year period, only the one that is cur rently effective is shown, but appropriate references for all intermedi ate revisions are noted. State action Of the 130 minimum-wage orders and statutory rates in effect July 1, 1942, 72 have been revised or amended in the 8-year period intervening and a total of 26 additional orders and 2 statutory rates have been established by 11 of the 30 jurisdictions having State minimum-wage laws. Of the 26 orders, practically all established minimum wages for the industry for the first time. However, Kentucky and Minne sota issued separate orders for hotels and restaurants and retail trade, respectively, which previously had been covered by the “general” occupation orders of these States. Of the 100 changes that have oc curred since July 1, 1942, 72 took place since the end of World War II. Of the 30 jurisdictions with minimum-wage laws, 4 (Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Oklahoma) have no minimum wages in effect at the present time and 3 (Alaska, Colorado, Ohio) have not, up to July 1, 1950, revised prewar minimum wages or issued new orders for addi tional industries. Twenty-one States and Territories established minimum wages in the period: Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. (This includes five with statutory (1) 2 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS rates: Nevada, South Dakota, and Hawaii which amended their laws in the period to set higher basic minima; and Massachusetts and New Hampshire, which in 1949 amended their statutes to establish statu tory rates, retaining, however, wage-board procedures.) In addition, Arkansas, through a change in the overtime provision of its hour law, indirectly improved its statutoiy rate. Illinois issued a retail trade order during the period, but it was declared void by the Circuit Court of Sangamon County. Ten jurisdictions issued orders for industries not previously covered by an individual occupation wage order: Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, and Puerto Rico for retail trade; Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Puerto Rico for restaurants or public housekeeping; Massachusetts and Washington for amusement and recreation occu pations; and New Jersey for beauty parlors. Puerto Rico also adopted orders for tobacco, sugar, hospitals, beer and carbonated drinks, theaters and movies, bakeries and confectionery, construction, trans portation, laundry and dry cleaning, furniture, quarrying, and wholesale trade. Number of current orders issued and statutory rates established or revised during the ;period July 19^Z~July 1950, by State State Number California........... .......... Connecticut District of Columbia.-. Kentucky Massachusetts f \ 2 Law 11 5 6 Law i2 10 Law State New Hampshire New Jersey-------------North Dakota Oregon-------------------Pennsylvania....... ........ Number J \ 1 Law 1 Law 4 7 4 7 1 State South Dakota........ — Utah.____ __________ Washington.................. Number 14 3 Law 4 10 22 11 of these is the all-industries order which applies to all industries covered by the law except hotels and restaurants and laundries, for which special orders have been issued. 2 General occupations order and annually revised canning order. Distribution of highest basic rates Of the 77 orders 1 for which wage rates now current were set by wage boards during the period, 32 establish minimum rates of 60 cents an hour or more, 3 setting rates of 70 cents or better; 25 sot rates ranging from 50 to 59 cents. Eleven orders fall in the 40- to 49-cent hourly range; 9 fall below 40 cents. Of the 65 current orders issued since the end of World War II, only 10 fall below 50 cents. Amendments to minimum-wage laws At the time the 1942 analysis was published only one State—Con necticut—had amended its statute to cover adult males as well as women and minors in a minimum-wage law. Since that time, Massa chusetts, New Hampshire, New York, and Rhode Island have also i Because of the diversity of coverage of the Puerto Rican orders and the involved methods of payment set out in thes e orders, P uerto Rico is not included in this count. Likewise excluded are the three orders that do not set wage rates. JULY 1, 194 2—JULY 1, 1950 3 amended their wage laws to extend coverage to adult males. In 1949, Massachusetts and Now Hamsphire established statutory rates hut retained wage board procedures. These and other amendments to minimum-wage laws, July 1942 to July 1950, appear on pages 59 to 65. These changes should bo used in connection with the folders following page 52 in Bulletin 191. Summary of orders by industry The summary showing the industries covered by State minimumwage rates (pp. 3 to 8) includes all currently effective orders, irre spective of date of issuance, and therefore replaces a similar sum mary section appearing on pages 3-5 of Bulletin 191. As in the earlier bulletin, classification is by industry or occupation, in accordance with the usual practice of the State in issuing orders. An asterisk indicates that a revision of the order was made or a new wage set since July 1, 1942, and that the order now current is included in the Supplement. INDUSTRIES COVERED BY STATE MINIMUM-WAGE RATES [Asterisk indicates that since publication of the Women’s Bureau Bull. 191-—-“State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders: 1942”—a new minimum-wage order, revision of a former order, or amendment of the statutory rate applicable to the industry has become effective in the State. The summary following shows the orders by their title and not by the industries and occupations listed in the definition of coverage of any specific order.] NONMANUFACTURING Minimum-wage rates for one or more nonmanufacturing industries have been established in the laws themselves or by minimum-wage orders, and are now in effect in 22 States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. In 7 of these 26 jurisdictions, the minimum-wage laws are applicable to adult males as well as to women and minors. These are Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. All 26 jurisdictions have set wages that apply to workers in laundry establishments and the great majority of these jurisdictions cover workers in cleaning and dyeing establishments as well as laundries. Minimum wages for employees in hotels and/or restaurants are now established in 24 jurisdictions, and for employees in mercantile or retail trade establishments in 23 jurisdictions. Nineteen of the 26 jurisdictions have established minimum wages for workers in beauty parlors. Twelve jurisdictions have wages applicable to clerical, technical, or professional work, or work in pack ing plants; 11 have set minimums for amusement and recreation enter 4 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS prises; 9 for the telephone and/or telegraph industries and for employees of hospitals (not nurses); 8 for workers in transportation (intrastate); 5 for agriculture; and 2 for domestic service. These State minimum-wage rates apply as follows: Laundries Twenty-two States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arizona. ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Colorado. ♦Connecticut. Illinois. Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York. ♦North Dakota. Ohio. ♦Oregon. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. ♦South Dakota. ♦Utah. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Hotels and/or restaurants, or public housekeeping Twenty States, the ^District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and ♦Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Colorado. ♦Connecticut. ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York (two orders). ♦North Dakota. Ohio. ♦Oregon. ♦Pennsylvania. ♦Rhode Island (two orders). ♦South Dakota. ♦Utah (two orders). ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Connecticut, New Hampshire, New Jersey, : nd Pennsylvania cover restaurants only. Mercantile or retail and/or wholesale trade Nineteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and ♦Puerto Rico (two orders, wholesale and retail). The States are: ♦Arizona. ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Colorado. ♦Connecticut. ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. ♦Minnesota. ♦Nevada. ♦New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York. ♦North Dakota. ♦Oregon. ♦Rhode Island. ♦South Dakota. ♦Utah. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Dry cleaning and dyeing Eighteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and ♦Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arizona. ♦Arkansas. ♦California. ♦Connecticut. Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York. ♦North Dakota. Ohio. ♦Oregon. Rhode Island. ♦Utah. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. 5 JULY 1, 194 2—JULY 1, 1950 Beauty culture Sixteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The States are: ♦Arkansas. *California. Colorado. ♦Connecticut, Illinois. ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York. Ohio. Oregon. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Clerical, technical, and professional occupations Nine States, the *Di strict of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. Oregon. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Packing Nine States, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico (leaf tobacco). The States are: ♦Arkansas. Minnesota. *South Dakota. ♦California (egg, poultry, *Nevada. *Washington (fruit and dairy, fruit, vegetable). Oregon (fruit and vegevegetable). ♦Kentucky. table). ♦ Wisconsin. Amusement and recreation Eight States, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. ♦Arkansas. * Massachusetts. ♦California (two orders). Minnesota. ♦Kentucky. *Nevada. The States are: *Washington. *Wisconsin. Telephone and/or telegraph Seven States, Alaska, and *Hawaii. ♦Arkansas (with excep- *Nevada. tions). North Dakota. Minnesota. Oregon. The States are: Washington, ♦Wisconsin. North Dakota covers the telephone industry only. Transportation Five States, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. ♦Arkansas. ♦California. 891289—51 Minnesota. ^Nevada. -2 The States are: *Wisconsin. 6 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Hospitals (not nurses) Six States, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. ♦Arkansas. ♦Kentucky. Minnesota. *Nevada. The States are: Oregon. *Wisconsin. Agriculture Two States—*Nevada and *Wisconsin—and Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. Domestic service One State—* Wisconsin—and Alaska. Other ♦Miscellaneous occupations—District of Cherry stemming and pitting—Oregon. Columbia. ♦Nut processing, cracking, bleaching, ♦Building service—Massachusetts. grading, and packing—Oregon. Personal service—Oregon. ♦Quarrying—Puerto Rico. MANUFACTURING Sixteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *IIawaii, and *Puerto Rico have established minimum wages for all manufacturing or certain branches of manufacturing. In Hawaii, the law of 1941 applies only to employment not covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Illinois. ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. New Jersey. ♦New York. ♦North Dakota. ♦Oregon. Rhode Island. ♦South Dakota. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. These State minimum-wage rates apply as follows: All manufacturing Ten States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The States arc: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. ♦Kentucky, Minnesota. ♦Nevada. ♦North Dakota. ♦Oregon. ♦South Dakota. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Certain branches of manufacturing Eleven States and *Puerto Rico. The type of manufacturing covered appears below. ♦California. Illinois. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. New Hampshire. New Jersey. *New York. *Oregon. Rhode Island. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. JULY 1, 194 2—JULY 1, 1950 7 Wearing apparel: IllinoisWash dresses. Massachusetts___ Boot and shoe cut stock and findings. Corsets. Knit goods. Men’s clothing and raincoats. Men’s furnishings. Millinery. Women’s clothing. Women’s and children’s underwear, neckwear, and cotton garments. Minnesota Needlecraft. (In addition to order for “any occupation.”) New Hampshire__Clothing and accessories. Hosiery and knit goods. New Jersey______Wearing apparel and allied occupations. Rhode Island____ Wearing apparel and allied industries. Canning: California*Canning and preserving. (In addition to order for “manufacturing.”) Massachusetts___ Canning and food preparations. Oregon*Canning, dehydrating, and barreling. (In addition to order for “manufacturing.”) Washington*Fruit, vegetable, fish, and other canning. (In addi tion to order for “manufacturing.”) Wisconsin^Canning or first processing of perishable fresh fruits and vegetables. (In addition to order for “any occupation.”) Confectionery: Illinois. ♦Massachusetts. ♦New York. ♦Puerto Rico. Jewelry: Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Miscellaneous: Illinois Macaroni, spaghetti, and noodles. Massachusetts*Bread and bakery products. Brushes. Druggists’ preparations, etc. Electrical equipment and supplies. Paper boxes. Pocketbooks and leather goods. Stationery goods and envelopes. Toys, games, and sporting goods. 8 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Miscellaneous—Continued New JerseyLight manufacturing. Puerto Rico♦Leaf tobacco. ♦Sugar. ♦Beer and carbonated drinks. ♦Construction. ♦Furniture and wood products. MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS, BY STATE [Includes all current minimum-wage orders effective since publication of Women’s Bureau Bulletin No. 191 in 1942. The 26 orders preceded by an asterisk indicate industries not previously covered by an individual minimum-wage order for that industry] Arizona: Retail trades. Laundry and dry cleaning. Arkansas: Law amended to permit overtime pay after 8 hours. California: Manufacturing. Personal service. Canning and preserving. Professional, technical, clerical, and similar occupations. Public housekeeping. Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing. Mercantile. Industries handling farm products after harvest. Transportation. Amusement and recreation. Motion picture (no basic minimumwage rate set). Connecticut: Mercantile. Beauty shops. Cleaning and dyeing. Laundry. ♦Restaurant. District of Columbia: Hawaii: Law amended to increase minimum rates, etc. Kentucky: ♦Hotels and restaurants. All industries and occupations. Massachusetts: Candy. Beauty culture. Bread and bakery products. ♦Public housekeeping. Mercantile. ♦Amusement and recreation. Building service. Dry cleaning. Laundry. Clerical, technical, and similar occu pations. Law amended to establish statutory rate, retaining, however, wageboard procedure. Minnesota: ♦Retail merchandising. Nevada: Law amended to increase minimum rates, etc, New Hampshire: Retail trade. Law amended to establish statutory rates, retaining, however, wageboard procedure. Public housekeeping. Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing. Retail trade. New Jersey: Beauty culture. ♦Beauty culture. Manufacturing and wholesaling. ♦Restaurants. Office and miscellaneous occupa Laundry and cleaning and dyeing.1 tions. ♦Retail trade. 1 In this revision in 1946 the State combined these two industries. Earlier orders covered them separately- JULY 1, 194 2—JULY 1, 1950 New York: * Retail trade. Laundry. Beauty service. Confectionery. Cleaning and dyeing. Restaurant. Hotel. North Dakota: Public housekeeping. Mercantile. ' Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing. Manufacturing. Oregon: 9 Puerto Rico—Continued ♦Transportation. ♦Laundry and dry cleaning. ♦Furniture and wood products. ♦Quarries. ♦Wholesale trade. Rhode Island: Retail trade. ♦Public housekeeping. Restaurant and hotel restaurant. South Dakota: Law amended to increase minimum rate, etc. Utah: Minors (no wage rate set). Retail trade. Nut processing. Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing. Canning, dehydrating, and barrel Restaurant. ing. Public housekeeping. Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing. Washington: Public housekeeping. Canning. Mercantile. Packing. Manufacturing. Manufacturing. Pennsylvania. Minors. ♦Restaurant. Office workers. Puerto Rico: Mercantile. ♦Tobacco. ♦Amusement and recreation. ♦Sugar. Public housekeeping. *Hospitals. Beauty culture. ♦Beer and carbonated drinks. Laundry, dry cleaning, and dye works. ♦Hotels, restaurants, soda fountains. Wisconsin: ♦Theaters, movies, etc. Any occupation including domestic ♦Retail. service and agriculture. ♦Bakery and pastry shops. Canning (no separate wage rate ♦Construction. set). ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 1 State, order, and effec tive date2 Alaska. Occupation or industry covered Women and female minors: Experienced____________ $16 a week____ 35 cents an hour. Inexperienced:8 First 6 months-------------- -........ . (Supersedes order 1 of Feb. 1, 1939.) Laundry and dry cleaning includes: (1) Cleaning, dyeing, pressing, processing, or any other work incidental thereto, of clothing (including hats), household fur nishings, rugs? textiles, fur, leather, or fabric of any kind; (2) the collection, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale of these services; (3) the producing of such services on their own behalf, by establish ments, businesses, institutions, clubs, or hospitals which services may be incidental to their present business; (4) Self-Service Laundries, Automatic Laundries, HelpYourself Laundries, U-Do-Laundries, and any type of rental laundries. Exception: Worker under 21 whose chief occupation is that of a student actually attending pub lic or private school. '$12.50 a week_______ 21)4 cents an hour_ _ r$14 a week_________ Second 6 months [30 cents an hour-----Full-time employee, i. e., one who Weekly rate prorated. works 8 hours a day on 4 or more days a week. Women and minors: Experienced: In laundry industry------------------ $18.72 a week 7__ 52 cents an hour. If employee on voluntary ab sence. Part time................ .................... In dry cleaning industry.......... . Standard workweek, i. e., 48 a week (8 a day, 6 days) or 42 a week (6 a day, 7 days).4 Less than 4 days a week, 8 hours each.5 Jsame as for experienced. } Do. Less than standard week. 36 a week. Over 36 a week 4 or during periods when basic weekly minimum need not be paid.7 Actual time worked. Less than 36 a week.® 36 a week. Over 36 a week 4 or during periods when basic weekly minimum need not be paid.7 Actual time worked. If employee on voluntary ab ___ do............................................ sence. Less than 36 a week.® Part time............................ ....... 66 cents an hour Inexperienced and apprentices (3 90 percent of the applicable min imum rate. months).8 57 cents an hour. $21.60 a week 7__ 60 cents an hour. (Deductions from minimum wage for meals, lodging, or both, allowed only on special permit.) Arkansas: Mar. 20,1915 Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile es Wage fixed in law. tablishment, laundry, express or transpor Digest (Pope) 1937, tation company, hotel, restaurant, eating Females: Experienced.___ ______ Inexperienced (6 months) $1.25 a day. $1 a day.... 8 a day, 6 days a week.® Do.® S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S No. 1-A Retail, i. e., all selling of merchandise to con sumer and not for purpose of resale in any Directory, Apr. 17, form. Exception: Worker under 21 whose 1943. chief occupation is that of a student actually Mandatory, June 17, attending public or private school.3 1943. (Supersedes order 2 of June 15, 1939.) Hours Minimum-wage rates No change in law. Arizona: No. 2-A Directory, July 12, 1948. Mandatory, Sept. 12, 1948. Class of employees covered O secs. 9094,9096-9100; session laws 1943, Act 70 (amending secs. 9084 and 9095.) place, bank, building and loan association, insurance company, finance or credit busi ness, or work in any capacity other than oc cupations expressly exempted by law. Ex ceptions: Domestic, agricultural or horticul tural employment; cotton factory; gathering of fruits or farm products; switchboard op erators in public telephone exchanges hav ing less than 750 stations who are exempt under section 13 (a) par. 11 of 1949 amend ment to the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. Women and minors: Experienced..................................... . Inexperienced: Women over 18 in skilled or semi skilled occupations (200 hours).12 Minors under 18 12 Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. If employee works a split shift........ 1H times employee’s regular rate. Pro rata....................................... Over 8 a day or on seventh consecutive day.10 Less than 8 a day. 65 cents an hour. 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 50 cents an hour_____ _____ _ do_____ _________ _____ 1X times employee’s regular A rate. 65 cents a day in addition to minimum wage. Do.11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) No. 2 R, June 1, 1947... Personal service, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of (Supersedes order 2 rendering, directly or indirectly, any service, NS of Nov. 23, 1942.) operation, or process used or useful in the care, cleansing, or beautification of the body, skin, nails, or hair, or in the enhancement of personal appearance or health; including, but not limited to, barber and beauty shops, bath and massage parlors, physical condi tioning and weight control salons, and mortuaries. No. 3 R, June 1, 1947... Canning and preserving, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the (Supersedes orders purpose of cooking, canning, curing, freezing, 3A of Sept. 14, 1929, pickling, salting, bottling, preserving, or 6A of May 9, 1923, otherwise processing any fruits, vegetables, and 3 NS of Feb. 8, or seafood when the purpose of such process 1943.) ing is the preservation of the product. See footnotes at end of table. Women and minors....... ....................... Minors under 18 12______ _________ Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. If employee works a split shift........... 65 cents an hour........................... 8 a day, 48 a week (max imum).11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. 50 cents an hour....... ............... IH times employee’s regular rate. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at the prices specified in the order.) Women and minors. Minors under 18 12_. Women 18 and over. 65 cents an hour________ _____ 8 a day, 48 a week.13 50 cents an hour.......................... Do.13 1H times employee’s regular Over 8 and up to 12 a day and rate. the first 8 on seventh con secutive day.14 Double employee’s regular rate.. Over 12 a day and all in excess of 8 on seventh con (Deductions for meals and secutive day.14 lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) JULY 1, 194 2 — JULY 1. 1 9 5 0 California: No. 1 R, June 1, 1947... Manufacturing, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose (Supersedes order 1 of preparing, producing, making, altering, NS of June 29,1942.) repairing, finishing, processing, inspecting, handling, assembling, wrapping, bottling, or packaging goods, articles, or commodities, in whole or in part. Exceptions: Any such activities covered by orders for canning and preserving and industries handling farm products after harvest. All. ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 1—Continued to State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Women and minors; 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum) .n Do.11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) No. 5 R, June 1,1947___ Public housekeeping, i. e., any industry, Women and minors............................... business, or establishment which provides meals, housing, or maintenance services, and Minors under 1812................................ (Supersedes orders includes restaurants; lunch counters; cafe Women 18 and over when overtime is 12A of Sept. 14, permitted by hour law. terias; catering, banquet, or box-lunch 1923, and 5 NS of service; curb service; boarding houses; all June 28, 1943.) other establishments where food in either If employee works a split shift—....... solid or liquid form is prepared for and served to the public to be consumed on the prem ises; hotels and motels; apartment houses; rooming houses; camps; clubs (private and public); hospitals, sanitariums, or rest homes; private schools, colleges, or nurseries; other establishments offering rooms, offices, or lofts for rent; building or house, cleaning or maintenance services. Exception: Graduate nurses or nurses in training in an accredited school. No. 6 R, June 1, 1947... Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of washing, ironing, cleaning, (Supersedes orders 7A refreshing, restoring, pressing, dyeing, fumi of July 23,1923, and gating, moth-proofing, water-proofing, or 6 NS of June 21, other processes incidental thereto, on articles 1943.) 65 cents an hour.. Inexperienced; Women over 18 in skilled or semi 50 cents an hour........................... skilled occupations (200 hours) .12 Minors under 18 12................. ........ ___ do..... ........... ................... — Women 18 and over when over l¥i times employee’s regular time is permitted by hour law. rate. If employee works a split shift. Hours Minimum-wage rates Women and minors: Experienced___ ________________ Inexperienced: Women over 18 in skilled or semi skilled occupations (200 hours).12 Minors under 1812—................... 65 cents an hour........................... 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum) -ll Do.11 50 cents an hour 1 times employee’s regular rate- Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) 65 cents an hour. 50 cents an hour. .......do................. 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 Do.11 Do.11 S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S Califom ia— C ontinued No. 4 R, June 1,1947___ Professional, technical, clerical, and similar occupations include office workers, clerks, typists, stenographers, office-machine oper (Supersedes orders 9 A ators, bookkeepers, accountants, accounting of Aug. 28,1933, and clerks, computers, statisticians, tellers, 4 NS of June 28, cashiers, collectors, telephone, telegraph, 1943.) and teletype operators, messengers, board markers, ticket agents, appraisers, teachers, instructors, librarians and their assistants, physicians’ and dentists’ assistants and attendants, research, X-ray, medical, or dental laboratory technicians and their assistants, and similar occupations. Excep tions: Any such occupation when performed in an industry covered by another minimumwage order; employees licensed or certified by the State and engaged in the practice of law, medicine, dentistry, architecture, engi neering, teaching, or accounting; exchange operator of a small telephone company whose duties as operator are incidental to other duties. Class of employees covered or fabrics of any kind, including clothing, hats, drapes, rugs, curtains, household fur nishings, textiles, furs, or leather goods; and the collection, distribution, sale or resale at retail or wholesale of these services. V/t times employee’s regular rate. Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. 891289 — 50-------3 (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) No. 7R, June 1, 1947— Mercantile, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of purchasing, selling, or distributing goods or (Supersedes orders 5A commodities at wholesale or retail. of Apr. 8, 1923, and 7 NS of June 21, 1943.) Women and minors: 65 cents an hour........................... 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).u Do.11 Inexperienced: Women over 18 in skilled or semi skilled occupations (200 hours).12 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) No. 8 R, June 1, 1947... (Supersedes orders 8 A of Aug. 8, 1923, 15A of Sept. 14,1923, and 8 NS of Aug. 27, 1943.) No. 9 R, June 1, 1947. (Supersedes order 9 NS of Aug. 27, 1943.) Industries handling farm products after har vest, i. e., any industry, business, or estab lishment operated for the purpose of grading, sorting, cleaning, drying, packing, dehy drating, cracking, shelling, candling, sepa rating, slaughtering, plucking, pasteurizing, ripening, molding, or otherwise preparing any agricultural, horticultural, egg, poultry, rabbit, or dairy products for distribution. Transportation, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of conveying persons or property from one place to another, whether by rail, highway, air, or water; and all operations or services in connection therewith, including storing or warehousing of goods or property, and the repairing, parking, or maintenance of vehicles. Women and minors: 8 a day, 48 a week.12 Inexperienced: Women 18 years and over in skilled or semiskilled occupa tions (200 hours).12 Do.12 Do.12 times employee’s regular rate. Over 8 and up to 12 a day and the first 8 on seventh consecutive day.14 Double employee’s regular rate.. Over 12 a day and all in ex cess of 8 on seventh con secutive day.14 (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) 65 cents an hour........................... 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 Do.11 1J4 times employee’s regular Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as rate. defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. Women 18 years and over when over time is permitted by hour law. If employee works a split shift---------- 1 See footnotes at end of table. JU L Y 1, 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 , 1 9 5 0 Women 18 and over when overtime is 1Yz times employee’s regular rate. permitted by hour law. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE'SINCE 1942 '—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered No. 17 R, July 1,1949... Motion picture, i. e., any industry, business, Women 18 and over..................... or establishment operated for the purpose of (Supersedes order 17 motion-picture production, including but of Aug. 11, 1931.) not limited to, motion pictures for entertain Women employed at a guaranteed ment, commercial, religious, or educational weekly rate of pay. purposes. Exceptions: Women who act, sing, dance, or otherwise perform; or who are employed in administrative, executive, or professional capacities (as defined in order). Colorado Connecticut: No. 7A for women and minors, 7B for adult males, Mar. 18, 1946. (Supersedes orders 7A and 7B of June 1, 1942.) IK times employee’s regular rate. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. Hours 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals or lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) Time and a half employee’s regular rate.18 Over 8 a day or over 6 days a week (in emergencies). Over 40 a week. No change in orders. Mercantile trade, i. e., the wholesale or retail selling of commodities and any operation or service incidental thereto, such as buying, delivery, maintenance, repair, office, stock, and clerical work. Exceptions: Gasoline filling stations; selling of food or drink for consumption on the premises whether or not the establishment is devoted exclusively to such purpose unless the person is employed both to sell food or drink for consumption on the premises and to perform a service in the mercantile trade; persons working exclusive ly as outside salespeople who are paid in whole or in part on a commission basis. Women and minors; men: Full-time employees other than “minor beginners." Part-time employees other than cooperative students during training period and “minor beginners.” Part-time cooperative students (women and minors) enrolled in distributive education programs (6 months). Minor beginners 16 and under 18 years of age (6 months): Full-time employees_____ Part-time employees..................... All employees18......................... Less than 36 a week.17 45 cents an hour............................ 1K times employee's regular hourly rate.18 Do.17 36 to 44 a week.18 Less than 36 a week.17 Over 44 a week.19 ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S California—Continued No. 10 R, June 1, 1947.. Amusement and recreation, i. e., any indus Women and minors___ try, business, or establishment operated for (Supersedes order 10 the purpose of furnishing entertainment or Minors under 18 «............... NS of Aug. 27, recreation to the public, including but not Women 18 and over when overtime is 1943.) limited to theaters, night clubs, dance halls, permitted by the hour law. bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding academies, race tracks, amuse- 11 employee works a split shift___ ment parks, athletic fields, swimming pools, gymnasiums, golt course^, tennis courts, carnivals, broadcasting studios, and wired music studios. Exception: Performers whose activities involve the exercise of artistic tal ent or athletic proficiency. Minimum-wage rates No. 1A for women and minors, IB for adult males, Mar. 3, 1947. Beauty shop, i. e., any shop, store, or place, or part thereof, in which is conducted the busi ness of a hairdresser or cosmetician as defined in this State’s 1935 Statutes. Women and minors; men: 3-year operators, i. e., registered hair dressers and cosmeticians: On 4 or more days a week irrespective of the hours worked on any day. 8 or less a day on 3 days a week or less. Over 44 a week or if part time worker over 8 a day.20 $25 a week $5 a day 85 cents an hour Same as shown for 3-year ' operators. (Supersedes orders 1A and IB of Mar. 3, 1941.) 2-year operators, i. e., licensed assist ant hairdressers and cosmeti cians; and clerks, i. e., appoint ment clerks, desk clerks, tele phone operators, bookkeepers, stenographers or typists, or other clerical workers: 1-year operators, i. e., licensed oper ators: Maids, porters, and cleaners: $23 a week................... ......... — ■ Do. 32 to 44 a week. Less than 32 a week. Over 44 a week.20 Prorated................ -...................... Actual time worked. 70 cents an hour..... .................. . Full-time workers voluntarily absent in any week. No. 3, June 2, 1947 (Supersedes order 3 of Oct. 7, 1940.) Cleaning and dyeing, i. e., cleaning, dyeing, redyeing, or pressing garments (including hats), upholstery, rugs, or any other fabrics, any process incidental thereto, including collecting and receiving such articles for the above purposes, of giving out or collecting such articles after they have been cleaned, dyed, redyed, or pressed. Exception: Any such process when carried on in establish ments manufacturing textiles or garments (including hats). Women and minors: Experienced and inexperienced------ (Deductions for uniforms and maintenance of uniforms permitted, but in no case may the wage paid fall be low the minimum.) 9 a day, 45 a week.2* D0.21 times employee’s regular rate. Over 45 a week.*8 JULY 1, 194 2— JULY 1, 1950 $28 a week.................. .................. See footnotes at end of table. Cn ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 •—Continued State, order, and effec tive datea Connecticut—Continued No. 2, Sept. 29, 1947___ No. 4-A far women and minors, 4-B for adult males, MayJflS, 1950. Laundry establishment includes any place in which any service in connection with any activity of the laundry occupation is per formed for compensation, except in domes tic service. Laundry occupation, i. e., (1) washing, iron ing, or processing incidental thereto, of laundry wares and all other operations car ried on in establishments engaged in this business; (2) collecting, sale, resale, or dis tribution at retail or wholesale of laundry service and keeping of accounts, billing, and any other clerical work in connection there with; (3) producing of laundry service for their own use by business establishments, clubs, hospitals, or other public or private institutions except those completely sup ported by the State or municipalities. Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Women and minors: Employees other than route sales 55 cents an hour........................... women. Route saleswomen............................. 60 cents an hour........................... Any woman or minor. Exceptions: lYi times employee’s regular Executive employees (as defined) rate. and route saleswomen. (Any deduction for meals and lodging must be in accord ance with rates set by the Commissioner of Labor. No such deduction per mitted if employee is receiv ing training or new exper ience at a place other than the regular place of employ ment.) Restaurant occupation, i. e., any activity Women and minors; men: concerned with the preparation and serving, Nonservice employees: 24 for remuneration, of food or beverage for Full time...... ................................... human consumption, to the public, em Part time____________ ____ ____ ployees, members, or guests of members, or Overtime (adult males only) paying guests, in any restaurant establish Service employees:24 ment. Covers all supplementary and inci Full time............................ ............ dental activities, including but not limited to Part time the work of hostesses, head waiters, telephone Overtime (adult males only) operators, check-room employees, cigarette For any day on which spread of girls, cleaners, maids, elevator operators, of hours exceeds 12 on any day. fice workers, cashiers, and all similar activi For each meal not furnished to ties whatsoever, when performed in connec employee. tion with any restaurant establishment. These employees may be excluded, however, if the major part of their duties is devoted to work unrelated to the restaurant estab lishment as defined in the order. Exceptions: Persons employed solely as musicians and entertainers; nurses and student nurses, in hospitals, convalescent homes, or sanitari ums, and persons engaged in serving meals to patients therein, unless also employed in a related restaurant occupation; executives (as defined in the order); and activities of an educational, religious, or nonprofit organiza- I Hours Up to and including 44 a week.17 9 a day, 48 a week. Over 44 a week.28 $28 a week 25 and meals 28 40 to 48 a week.28 70 cents an hour and meals 28___ Less than 40 a week.27 90 cents an hour and meals 28___ Over 48 a week. $18 a week 28 and meals 28............ 40 to 48 a week.20 45 cents an hour and meals 28___ Less than 40 a week.27 60 cents an hour and meals 28___ Over 48 a week. $1 in addition to the applicable minimum wage. 65 cents in addition to the ap plicable minimum wage.28 (Deductions for lodging allowed, maximum amounts specified in the order.) S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S (Supersedes manda tory order 2 of June 3, 1940.) 05 Occupation or industry covered (Supersedes order 4 of May 8, 1938.) Public housekeeping, i. e., the work of host esses, waitresses, cooks, counter girls, salad girls, food checkers, bus girls, vegetable girls, dish and glass washers, kitchen help, cham bermaids, parlor maids, linen-room girls, cleaners, janitresses, charwomen, telephone operators, hat-check girls, elevator opera tors, cashiers, clerical workers, and all such nonprofessional workers as may be properly classified in this occupation in: (1) res taurants, either licensed or unlicensed, whether operated as the, principal business of the employer or as a department or unit of another business, (2) lunch counters, (3) cafeterias, (4) catering or banquet or boxlunch service, (5) curb service, (6) boarding houses which offer meals for sale to 5 or more persons, (7) all other establishments where lunches, meals, or food in solid and/or liquid form are prepared for and served to the public, (8) hotels, (9) apartment houses, (10) rooming houses offering rooms for rent to 5 or more persons, (11) auto-camps, (12) clubs, (13) hospitals, (14) private schools, (15) colleges, (16) any other establishments offering rooms for rent to the public, and (17) women engaged in the care and servicing of apartment houses, theaters, office buildings, retail stores, and other similar establish ments as well as in those listed above. See footnotes at end of table. Women and minors: Hostesses, telephone operators, hatcheck girls, elevator operators, cashiers, clerical workers, and all similar workers. Counter girls, salad girls, food checkers, cooks, bus girls, and all similar workers. Chambermaids, parlor maids, linenroom girls, cleaners, janitresses, charwomen, vegetable girls, dish and glass washers, kitchen help, and all similar workers. Workers in all three classifications above. Waitresses......................................... . $23 a week. 40 to 48 a week.4 $22.30 a week. Do.4 $19.60 a week. Do.4 50 cents an hour........................... $17.90 a week; $22.30 where tip ping is not allowed. 50 cents an hour Workers not covered by hour law... 5 cents in addition to the legal hourly rate. If employee works a split shift, or if 60 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. spread of hours exceeds 11, or both. (Deductions for meals, lodg ing, or uniforms permitted at prices specified in the order.) Less than 40 a week.6 36 to 48 a week.4 Less than 36 a week.6 Over 48 a week. JULY 1, 194 2— JULY 1, 1950 District of Columbia: No. 4, Jan. 1, 1946......... I tion where an employer-employee relation ship does not exist. Restaurant establishment is defined as a place or part thereof where food or beverage is prepared or served through such services as box lunch, catering, banquets, curb service, table or counter service, or cafeteria, whether operated as the principal business of the em ployer or as a department or unit of another business; or in connection with institutions such as manufacturing establishments or other places of employment, clubs, hospitals, convalescent homes, sanitariums, sanitoriums, schools, colleges, camps, soda foun tains, dairy bars, and boarding houses or tourist homes serving 5 or more guests per meal. ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive datea Occupation or industry covered No. 3, June 16,1947....... Retail trade, i. e., the selling or offering for sale at retail of any goods, wares, merchan (Supersedes order 3 of dise, articles, or things, and all occupations, Feb. 14, 1938.) operations, and services connected there with or incidental thereto. No. 6, Mar. 27, 1948___ Beauty culture includes all services, opera tions, or processes used or useful in the care, (Supersedes order 6 cleansing, or beautification of skin, nails, or of Sept. 26, 1938.) hair, or in the enhancement of personal appearance; and all services, operations, or processes incidental thereto. Minimum-wage rates Hours Women and minors_____ Over 16 and including 44 a week. Over 44 a week.* 16 or less a week. 55 cents an hour_______ Women and minors... Employees whose normal workweek is 36 hours or more, voluntarily ab sent in any week. Part time________________ Student under 18 for whom certificate is in employer’s file (9 months fol lowing original issuance of certificate). Overtime ____ If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 10, or both. Women and minors: Operators and all other employees except maids and cleaners. Maids and cleaners______________ Basic minimum wage may be prorated. 36 up to and including 44 a week. Actual time worked. Less than 36 a week.29 Do. 55 cents an hour.......... 75 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. Over 44 a week.* (For any uniform laundered by employee 50 cents addi tional must be paid.) $30.60 a week................... . 95 cents an hour......... . do. _____________ 75 cents an hour.................... 1 --------- do.......... .............. _ 34 but not" more than 44 a week. Less than 34 a week.« Over 44 a week. 34 but not more than 44 a week. Less than 34 a week.# Over 44 a week. S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S District of Columbia— Continued No. 5, July 8, 1946 ......... Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeinsr, i. e., (1) the cleaning, pressing, finishing, refreshing, (Supersedes order 5 dyeing, or processing of any article of wearof July 5, 1938.) ing apparel (including hats), household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather (includ ing shoes), or fabric whatsoever; (2) collec tion, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale of any laundry, dry cleaning, or dyeing service; (3) the work performed by clerical workers and telephone operators in connection with the production and furnish ing of these services; (4) the production of laundry, dry cleaning, or dyeing services on its own behalf by any establishment, busi ness, institution, club, or hospital, which services may be incidental to its principal business. Class of employees covered Continued Employee whose normal work week is 34 hours or more, volun tarily absent in any week. If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 10, or both. Basic minimum wage may be prorated. Actual time worked. 95 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. (If employee furnishes and launders uniforms, $1.50 a week must be added to minimum wage.) See footnotes at end ot table. Women and minors: Office, plant, and other employees except maids and cleaners. Part time.............. ........................... Students under 18 for whom em ployer has student certificates on file (9 months following issuance of certificate). Overtime...............-........ —........... Maids and cleaners............................ Part time Overtime..................... -........ -........ Employee whose normal working time is 32 hours or more, volun tarily absent in any week. Employee registered under the Dis trict of Columbia Apprenticeship Law for whom employer has ap prentice wage permit on file (12 months following date of applica tion). $30 a week.................................... 32 but not over 40 a week. 85 cents an hour........................... 65 cents an hour....... .................. Less than 32 a week. 29 Do. $1.12H an hour___ __________ $26.40 a week............................... . 75 cents an hour___ ____-........ . 99 cents an hour Basic minimum-wage may be prorated. Over 40 a week.4 32 but not over 40 a week. Less than 32 a week.29 Over 40 a week.4 Actual time worked. 80 percent of the minimum weekly rate. (If employee furnishes and launders uniform $1.50 a week must be added to tne minimum wage; if she laun ders only, $1; if she furnishes only, 50 cents.) JU L Y 1. 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 , 1 9 5 0 No. 8, Nov. 17, 1948___ Manufacturing and wholesaling includes the preparing, producing, or processing, or the selling or offering for sale at wholesale of any (Supersedes order 8 of goods, wares, merchandise, articles, or com June 5, 1939.) modities, and all occupations, operations, and services connected therewith or inci dental thereto. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued State, order, and effec tive date3 Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered Office and miscellaneous occupations, i. e., all occupations in or for establishments not covered by another minimum-wage order. Includes, but not limited to, work performed by general office clerks. stenographers, typists, bookkeepers, cashiers, various office-machine operators, office boys and girls, ushers, messengers, maids, cleaners, elevator operators, jani tors, telephone and switchboard operators, teletype operators, receptionists, library workers, teachers, dental assistants, medical assistants and technicians, and laboratory helpers. Women and minors: All employees except students under 18, elevator operators and janitors, maids and cleaners. Minimum-wage rates Hours District of Columbia— Continued No. 7, Apr. 25, 1949....... All employment. Exceptions: Public employment; persons at a guaranteed monthly sal ary of $150 or more; agricultural work in any workweek in which employer has fewer than 20 employees; domestic service; employment by relatives as specified in the act; work in a bona fide executive, administrative, super visory, or professional capacity or in the capacity of outside salesmen or as outside collectors; the propagating, catching, culti vating, etc., of fish, shellfish, and the various other aquatic forms of animal or vegetable 32 but not more than 40 a week. Less than 32 a week.39 Over 40 a week.30 Less than 32 a week. ....... do..................... ................ Students under 18 for whom certifi- 65 cents an hour...................... . cate is in employer’s file (9 months following original is suance of certificate). Elevator operators and janitors___ $31 a week..... ........ ....................... 32 but not more than 44 a week. Less than 32 a week.29 Over 44 a week.30 Maids and cleaners............................ 32 but not more than 44 a week. Employee whose normal workweek is 32 hours or more, voluntarily absent in any week. If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 11, or both. Hawaii: Revised Laws 1945, ch. 75, as amended by Act 15, session laws, 1945. Amended rates effective July 1,1945 $31 a week ___ do____ __________ _ Basic applicable minimum wage may be prorated. Actual time worked. 95 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. (If employee furnishes and launders uniforms, $1.50 a week must be added to the minimum wage; if she launders only, $1; if she furnishes only, 50 cents.) All employees, 16 years of age and over. Over 48 a week. (Reasonable deductions from minimum wage permitted for board and for lodging.) ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S (Supersedes order 7 of Mar. 13, 1939.) 881289 — 51 life (including the going to and returning from work and the loading and unloading of such products prior to first processing); sea men; employments covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act; members of a religious order or individuals donating their services to a hospital, religious, fraternal or charitable organization. g h* to 00 | Illinois.............. ................. No change in current orders.3* P Kansas............................... No wage rates now in effect. 25 cents an hour... 37H cents an hour. Up to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.34 30 cents an hour... 45 cents an hour_ Up to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.34 23 cents an hour... 34J-3 cents an hour. Nonservice (see above)................... 28 cents an hour... 42 cents an hour... Zone 3:33 Service (see above).......................... 21 cents an hour... 31H cents an hour. Nonservice (see above) 25 cents an hour... 373^2 cents an hour. Zone 4:33 Service (see above).......................... 20 cents an hour... 30 cents an hour... Nonservice (see above)....... ........... 22 cents an hour... 33 cents an hour... Up to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.34 0 p to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.34 Up to 50 a week. Over 50 a week.34 Up to 50 a week. Over 50 a week.34 Up to 52 a week. Over 52 a week.34 Up to 52 a week. Over 52 a week.34 JULY 1, 19 42 — JULY 1, 1950 Kentucky: Directory, Oct. 1, 1942.. Hotels and restaurants __________________ Women and minors: Mandatory, Apr. 1, Hotels, i. e., establishments having more Zone 1:33 1943. than 10 guest rooms which offer lodging Service employee, i. e., one en accommodations for hire to the general gaged in taking of orders and (Included also in public and have transient guests. serving of food or beverages to Bull. 191.) Restaurants, i. e., establishments prepar guests or customers seated at ing and offering for sale food for con tables; one delivering messages sumption. or articles, as a bell boy. Nonservice employee, i. e., one not in a service occupation. Zone 2:33 Service (see above).......................... (No deductions may be made against the minimum wage for meals but a mutual and voluntary agreement limit ing the amount charged to 25 cents a meal is permitted.) See footnotes at end of table. fcO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942U-Continued State, order, and effec tive date * (Supersedes order of June 1,1939.) Louisiana All occupations. Exceptions: Labor on a farm; domestic service in home of the employer; firms subject to regulation by the State Pub lic Service Commission; employment under any special State wage order. (Two special minimum-wage orders are currently in effect: (1) the laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing order; (2) the hotel and restaurant order.) Class of employees covered Women and minors:35 Experienced: Zone l33________ Zone 2 33________ Zone 3 33________ All 3 zones............. Minimum-wage rates 50 cents an hour_______ 45 cents an hour.......... . 40 cents an hour....... ........ 1H times minimum rate. to Hours Up to 48 a week. Do. Do. Over 48 a week.3! (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted only when employee is domiciled with employer and a written agreement made as to any such deductions. Order specifies maximum charge for meals and for lodging.) No orders issued. Maine.* Massachusetts: Session laws 1946, ch. 545, Sept. 11,1946. No. 6......................... Directory, Sept. 15. 1942. ' Mandatory, Mar. 1, 1943. (Supersedes order 6 of Oct. 1, 1937.) No. 23.............. .............. Directory, Nov. 1, 1942. Mandatory, Apr. 1, 1943. Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law and existing orders extended to men. Candy, includes all activities, services, and processes performed by an employee for an employer or his agent in the manufacture of candy and confections, including the mak ing, preparing, processing, handling, and in specting of such goods or materials, and all activities in any manner connected there with, such as wrapping, packaging, or prep aration for sale or display thereof. Excep tions: Occupations within the industry cov ered by another minimum-wage order. Women and minors; men: Experienced.................... ......... ........ 40 cents an hour...................... . Inexperienced (12 months for dip pers, stringers, miniature packers; 6 months for other occupations). 35 cents an hour Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week.36 Do.36 (Deductions from minimum wage allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Com mission are obtained.) Beauty culture, i. e., all services, operations, or Women and minors; men: processes used or useful in the care, cleans Experienced.................. $18 a week.......... Over 32 a week.36 ing, or beautification of skin, nails, or hair, 56 cents an hour. 32 or less a week.* or in the enhancement of personal appear Inexperienced: ance, or as in the General Laws pertaining First 4 months........... $12 a week_____ Over 32 a week.36 to Hail dressers. 36 cents an hour. 32 or less a week.* ‘The Maine State labor department has advised that the fish-packing order of Apr. 11,1940, is inoperative as the result of an enforcement action brought to the State Supreme Court. (Stinson v. Taylor (1941) 137 Me. 332; 17 A. (2d) 760-761 and also Stinson v. Taylor (1942) 139 Me. 97; 27 A. (2d) 400.) ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S Kentucky—Continued Directory, Feb. 8, 1947. Mandatory, May 27, 1947. Occupation or industry covered fcO (Supersedes order 23 of June 1,1940.) Women and minors; men. $15 a week..................................... Over 32 a week.” 46 cents an hour........................... 32 or less a week.* Prorated........................................ Actual time worked. (Deductions from mimimum wage or bringing higher wage below the minimum allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Commis sion are obtained.) 40 cents an hour.......................... (Deductions bringing wage below minimum allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Commission are ob tained.) Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week. 36 37 JU L Y 1 . 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 . 1 9 5 0 Bread and bakery products, includes all activ ities, services, and processes performed by an employee in the manufacture of bread, (Supersedes order 15 doughnuts, biscuits, crackers, and other of Nov. 1, 1938.) bakery products, including the making, pre paring, processing, handling, and inspec tion of such goods or materials; wrapping, packaging, and preparation for sale or dis play thereof, and all other activities inci dental thereto or in any manner connected therewith. Exceptions: Occupations within the industry covered by another minimumwage order. See footnotes at end of table. No. 15-A, Oct. 1, 1944. Second 4 months............................. Employee voluntarily absent in any week. to 00 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued State, order, and effec tive date1 Occupation or industry covered No. 26-A........................ Mercantile, i. e., any industry or business con Directory, July 1,1948. nected with or operated for the purpose of Mandatory, Oct. 1, selling, purchasing, or distributing mer 1948. chandise, wares, goods, articles, services, or commodities to retailers, wholesalers, in (Supersedes orders 3 dustrial, commercial, or industrial users. of Oct. 1, 1937 and Includes all work connected with the solicit 26 of June 15, 1945.). ing of sales or opportunities for sales, or the Minimum-wage rates Women and minors; men: Nonservice employees........................ 50 cents an hour___ 55 cents an hour___ Service employees............................. . 35 cents an hour___ 40 cents an hour___ Full-time workers voluntarily ab Regular hourly rate. sent in any week or part-time workers employed 40 hours or (Deductions for meals and more in week. lodging permitted at prices specified in the order. If employee launders uniforms, 25 cents per uniform must be added to minimum wage.) Women and minors; men:*® Full-time employees: Experienced................... Inexperienced (1,040 hours)__ $22.50 a week_ _ 55 cents an hour. $20.50 a week__ 50 cents an hour. to Hours 40 or over a week.*8 Less than 40 a week.** 40 or over a week.*8 Less than 40 a week.** For each hour worked. 36 but not more than 44 a week.*® Over 44 a week.*8 36 but not more than 44 a week.*8 Over 44 a week.*8 ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S Massachu setts—C on. No. 25-A....................... . Public houskeeping, i. e., any activity in Directory, Dec. 1, establishments directly or indirectly con 1947. nected with the preparation of and offering Mandatory, Mar. 2, of food or beverages for human consumption; 1948. and the offering or furnishing of rooms or lodgings for remuneration, either to the (Supersedes and ex public, employees, members or guests of tends coverage of members, paying guests, students, or others, order 25 of Apr. 15, whether such service is operating as the 1942, and transfers principal business of the employer or as a from order 21 of unit of another business. Dec. 1, 1940 (office Public housekeeping occupations include the and other building work performed by waitresses, cooks, count cleaning), employ er and salad workers, food checkers, bus ees affected under and vegetable workers, dish and glass wash that order where it ers, kitchen help, maids, cleaners, chamber applies to estab maids, housekeepers, housemen, stewards, lishments covered parlor maids, linen-room girls, check-room by this present orattendants, matrons, hosts, hostesses, eleva ,der.) tor operators, and janitors. Classification covers, but is not limited to all nonprofes sional workers engaged in public housekeep ing establishments. Exceptions: Occupa tions within the industry covered by another minimum-wage order. Establishments include restaurants, fountain lunch counters, cafeterias, caterers, and all other establishments whero lunches, meals, or food in solid and/or liquid form are pre pared for and served to the public or to be consumed on the premises; hotels, tourists’ camps, clubs, hospitals, private schools, colleges, and other establishments offering rooms for rent. Class of employees covered JU L Y 1 , 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 , 1 9 5 0 No. 27............................. Directory, Oct. 1, 1948. Mandatory, Feb. 1, 1949. Part-time employees: distributing of such merchandise, wares, Less than 36 a week.88 Experienced—............................... 65 cents an hour. etc., and the rendering of services incidental Do.*8 Inexperienced (1,040 hours)--------- 60 cents an hour. to the sales, use, or upkeep of same, whether performed on employer’s premises or (Deductions bringing wage elsewhere. below the minimum al Order applies to all functions within mer lowed only if consent of cantile occupations not specifically governed employee and approval of by another Massachusetts minimum-wage Minimum Wage Commis order. Salespersons in both laundry and sion are obtained.) dry-cleaning establishments are transferred from coverage of the orders for those indus tries ("see orders 29 and 30, on pp. 26-27) and brought under this present order. Excep tions: Occupations determined by the Min imum Wage Commission to be of such a nature that it is impossible for employer to keep true records of the number of hours worked by the employee. Employer must have exemption permit. Amusement and recreation, i. e., all activities Women and minors; men: 62H cents an hour........................ («)' («)• Regular employees......................... and services performed in connection with a (").(«)Casual employees 43..................... — 55 cents an hour........................ business or enterprise engaged in or operated Caddies: for the purpose of furnishing entertainment Experienced........ .................. ......... $1.25 a round................................. or recreation to the public, including but not Inexperienced (one who has “car $1 a round..................................... limited to motion-picture and other thea ried” for less than fifteen 18ters, night clubs, dance halls, bowling alleys, (Deductions bringing wage hole rounds of golf). billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding acade below the minimum al mies, race tracks, amusement parks and cen lowed only if consent of em ters, athletic fields, ball parks and stadiums, ployee and approval of swimming pools and beaches, gymnasiums, Minimum Wage Commis golf courses, tennis courts, carnivals, circuses, sion are obtained. broadcasting studios, boathouses, arenas, and Deductions for meals and lodg other similar establishments. ing permitted; maximum Term includes work performed by ushers, at prices specified in the order.) tendants, announcers, pin boys; ticket collectors, sellers, or punchers; billiard rack men, game attendants, amusement machine operators, caddies, and doormen. Excep tions: Performers whose activities involve exercise of artistic talent or athletic profi ciency; students or members participating in any activities conducted by summer camps for children under 18; schools, colleges, reli gious or other nonprofit organizations de clared exempt by the Minimum Wage Commission; occupations within the in dustry covered by another minimum-wage order. See footnotes at end of table. to ZJi ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1642 ^Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 (Supersedes manda tory order 21 of Dec. 1, 1940, and includes also oc cupations not pre viously covered by a wage order.) No. 29 Directory, May 2, 1949. Mandatory, Aug. 2, 1949. (Supersedes order 1-A of Feb. 1, 1944, which superseded order 1 of Oct. 1 1937. This present order separates the dry cleaning and laundry indus tries.) Class of employees covered Building service occupations, i. e., work or service performed by charwomen, window cleaners, sweepers, janitors, caretakers, watchmen, guards, helpers, attendants, and all other employees engaged in or concerned with the cleaning, servicing, maintenance, protection, and upkeep of buildings and establishments other than churches. Exception: Employees covered by another minimum-wage order. Women and minors; men: Employees other than those classifled as residential property em ployees. Residential property employees: If living quarters not furnished as part of wage. If living quarters furnished as part of wage.44 If working for 1 employer only. Dry-cleaning occupation, i. e., any activity connected with the cleaning, dyeing, wetcleaning incidental to dry cleaning, spotting, finishing, pressing, repairing, altering, or storing of any article of wearing apparel (including hats), household furnishings, rugs, textiles, furs, and leather; or any other employment connected with the cleaning and dyeing industry not covered by another minimum-wage order. Excep tions: Salespersons in this industry who are connected with: (1) The soliciting of sales or opportunities for sales; (2) the collection, distribution, sale or resale of merchandise for dry-cleaning service; or (3) services rendered incidental to the sale or resale of dry-cleaning services. Women and minors; men: Experienced__________ _________ _ Inexperienced (320 hours)................... Minimum-wage rates Hours (36) (38). $28 a week..................................... $22 a week.............. ....................... 55 cents an hour.......... ............ Do. Less than 28 a week.*8 (Deductions bringing wage be low minimum allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Commission are obtained.) (Deductions for lodging allowed at amounts specified in order. Deductions for living quar ters limited to “a reasonable rental for such space" and in no case may resulting wage be less than the applicable minimum.) (Deductions bringing wage below minimum allowed only if consent of em ployee and approval of Minimum Wage Commision are obtained.)45 Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week.8? S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S Massachusetts—C on. No. 28...................... . Directory, May 2, 1949. Mandatory, Aug. 2, 1949. Occupation or industry covered See footnotes at end of table. DO.*7 57 cents an hour........................... (Deductions bringing wage below minimum allowed only if consent of em ployee and approval of Minimum Wage Commis sion are obtained.) (Deductions from minimum wage for meals and lodging permitted if employee de sires these accommoda tions. Maximum charges specified in order.) 65 cents an hour. (36) 65 cents an hour. Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week.36 38 Do.36 38 60 cents an hour (Deductions bringing wage below the minimum al lowed only if consent of em ployee and approval of Min imum Wage Commission are obtained.) (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) JU L Y 1, 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1, 1 9 5 0 No. 30.—....................... Laundry occupations, i. e., any activity con Women and minors; men. nected with the washing, ironing, or Directory, June 1, processing incidental thereto, for compen 1949. sation, of clothing, napery, blankets, bed Mandatory, Sept. 1, clothing, or of any article of wearing apparel, 1949. household furnishings, rugs, or textiles, or of any other employment connected with (Supersedes order 1the laundry industry not covered by A of Feb. 1, 1944, another minimum-wage order. Exceptions: which superseded Salespersons in this industry who are order 1 of Oct. 1, connected with: (1) The soliciting of sales or 1937. This present opportunities for sales; (2) the collection, order separates the distribution, sale or resale of merchandise laundry and dry for laundry service; or (3) services rendered cleaning indus incidental to the sale or resale of laundry tries.) services. _ Session laws 1949, ch. All occupations within coverage of the mini _ do. mum-wage law for which no specific wage 777, Jan. 1, 1950. has been established. (For analysis, see p. 60 of this bulletin.) ..do 3»....................... — No. 24-B, June 16, 1950. Clerical, technical, and similar occupations, Experienced employees. i. e., all occupations in any general, business, professional, or technical office, or in any (Supersedes orders 24 laboratory, hospital, library, school, tele of Aug. 1,1941, and Inexperienced employees (800 hours phone, telegraph, or broadcasting establish 24-A of Mar. 1, in the occupations; but if covered ment, funeral director’s establishment, or in 1947.) by the On-the-Job-Training Pro messenger service or other establishments gram or the Apprentice Training wherein workers are employed in any ca Program, 1040 hours). pacity in which the services of any kind and wheresoever performed are of a clerical or technical character. Order applies to all functions within these occupations which are not specifically governed by another minimum-wage order. Includes persons whose duties are related to general office, professional, or technical work in any establishment, whether business, medical, dental, technical, or legal, such as office boys or girls, file clerks, general office clerks, stenographers, typists, bookkeepers, cashiers, various machine operators, tele phone and switchboard operators, reception ists, library workers, draftsmen, technicians, including dental and medical technicians and laboratory assistants. Students working for the whole or part of their tuition and/or maintenance at a school, college, or summer camp which they are attending, are excluded from the basic wage rates of this order. to ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942'—Continued State, order, and effec tive date3 Occupation or industry covered Wage fixed In law. Rates effective Mar. 22, 1945. (1941 Supp. to Compiled Laws, secs. 2825.45-46; session laws: 1943, ch. 88; 1945, ch. 166.) Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours Women and minors: Experienced: $22.50 a week....... 36 to 48 a week. 55 cents an hour.. •Over 48 a week.47 ___do_____ ____ Less than 36 a week. $21.50 a week___ Same as for class A and B Class C cities48.............................. . 50 cents an hour.. ‘ cities. .---- do.................. $20 a week_____ Class D cities 48_________ _____ _ 45 cents an hour.. Do. ,___do_________ Inexperienced, 18 years of age or over: Class A and Class B cities:48 $19 a week........... First 3 months............................ . 40 cents an hour.. Same as for experienced. . -do.................. $20.50 a week___ Second 3 months................ ......... 45 cents an hour., Do. .do____ ____ Class C cities:48 $17.50 a week___ First 3 months............................ . 37 cents an hour.. Do. do.. $19 a week_____ Second 3 months.......................... 40 cents an hour.. Do. .------do................. Class D cities:48 $16 a week........... First 3 months............................ . 34 cents an hour., Do. do.. $17.50 a week_ _____________ _ Second 3 months.......................... |37 cents, an hour.......... . " Do. .-—do.......... ..................... Ill' Minors under 18 years of age in Rates same as for inexperienced Do. each class of cities. in first 3 months. Class A and Class B cities 48.......... . (Deductions for meals allowed. . Amounts specified in order.) Private employment. Exception: Domestic service. Females: Experienced.. Inexperienced (3 months). $4 a day, $24 a week.. 50 cents an hour........ $3 a day, $18 a week (if stipu lated by employer and em ployee). 8 a day, 48 a week. Less than 8 a day; less than 48 a week.13 8 a day, 48 a week. S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S Minnesota: No. 18, June 30, 1947.... Retail merchandising business, i. e., the trade of selling any commodity, article, goods, wares, or merchandise to the consumer and (Separates this in not for the purpose of resale in any form. dustry from the All Occupations order * of July 11, 1938.) Nevada: to 00 All. 891289 Women and minors: Experienced......................... - New Hampshire: No. 5-A, Dec. 30, 1946.. Retail trade, i. e.f any retail establishment or any retail activity, unless and until the (Supersedes order 5 of specific employment is governed by a mini Jan. 6, 1941.) mum-wage order other than this general retail trade order. 50 - Session law's 1949, cb. 310, July 28, 1949, and Attorney General’s interpretation of Sept. 9, 1949. New Jersey: Miller-Duf No. 6, Jan. 10, 1943 (Included also in Bull. 191.) “Any employees”. Exceptions: Employees engaged in household, domestic, or farm labor; outside salesmen; summer camps for minors; restaurants, hotels, inns, or cabins. Women and minors; men: Experienced___________ Inexperienced (6 months). Beauty culture, i. e., services, operations, or processes used or useful in care, cleansing, or beautification of skin, nails, or hair, or in enhancement of personal appearance; and all services incidental thereto, including work of demonstrators, maids, cashiers, reception or appointment clerks. Beauty culture establishment includes any shop, store, place, room or part thereof, in which services are rendered in the beauty culture occupation, or any branch thereof and a charge is made to the public for such services. Employee, i. e., any person working under the instruction or direction of the employer or his agent, including part owners, stock holders, booth owners, booth renters, and instructors. Exceptions: Students in public vocational school or private trade school operated, licensed, or approved by State Board of Education, for whose services no charge other than the actual cost of materials used shall be made for the work done as part of training. Women and minors: Other than maids. Maids................... All.......... ............. 50 cents an hour__........................ 10H a day, 54 a week (maxi mum).8 48 Do.5 48 35 cents an hour 50 cents an hour 50. 35 cents an hour 50. Maximum for females: 10 a day, 48 a week for manual or mechanical labor in any manufacturing establish ment; 10M a day, 54 a week for such labor in other employments. $18 a week______________ ____ 48 a week. $15 a week Do. VA times minimum hourly rate.. Over 48 a week. 40 cents an hour; not under $1.40 Less than 48 a week. on any day called to work. .JU LY 1, 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y I ci Inexperienced (6 months)49. XYz times employee’s regular rate. Over 8 to 12 a day; over 48 to 56 a week (in emergen cies as specified). (Deductions for meals and/or lodging allowed as specified in the law.) See footnotes at end of table. to CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 19421—Continued State, order, and effec tive date * New Jersey—Continued No. 6, Aug. 13, 1943.... o Class of employees covered Restaurant, i. e., any eating or drinking place which prepares and oilers food or beverage for human consumption either on any of its premises or by such service as catering, ban quets, box lunch, or curb service, to the pub lic, to employees, or to members or guests of members. Exceptions: Person working in a nonprofit institution who, while so working, receives from such institution benefits of a charitable or educational nature or instruc tion and training in a recognized profession and whose work for such institution is an incident of his or her receipt of such bene fits; persons subject to the provisions of another minimum-wage order of the State.51 Women and minors: Service employees, i. e., employees whose duties relate solely to the serving of food to patrons seated at tables, or at tables and counters in establishments where all food is prepared in a kitchen separate from the room in which food is served, and to the performance of duties incidental thereto, and who customarily receive gratuities from such patrons. Nonservice employees, i. e., employ ees not in service group. (Supersedes orders 1 (laundry) of July 11, 1938 and 4 (cleaning and dyeing) of May 6, 1940.) Laundry and cleaning and dyeing, i. e., any activity in any capacity in the marking, sorting, washing, cleansing, collecting, iron ing, assembling, packaging, pressing, receiv ing, shipping, or delivery, or any other ac tivity, including clerical work, directly in cidental or essential to the laundering, cleansing, or renovating of any article of clothing, napery, blankets, rugs, carpets, draperies, bed clothing, fabric, textile, fur, or leather, when such activity is not performed in the original process of manufacture. The term “clerk” includes employees coming under the jurisdiction of this order, who are engaged only in clerical or accounting work, regardless of where such work is performed, or engaged in selling of cleaning, dyeing, laundry, and other kindred services in retail outlets, including the handling of the same, for the purpose of receipt or delivery over a store counter, but not engaged in any other processing of such articles. Minimum-wage rates Hours 32K cents an hour 52. 35Yl cents an hour.... 48$£ cents an hour.... 24 up to 48 a week. Less than 24 a week.5 Over 48 a week.52 45 cents an hour 52_................. . 48 cents an hour____________ 67^ cents an hour. 50 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. 24 up to 48 a week. Less than 24 a week.5 Over 48 a week.53 (Deductions for meals of both service and nonservicc em ployees and for meals and lodging of residential employ ees allowed as specified in the order.) Women and minors: Other than clerks (18 years and over): Zone A54.................................... ...... 50 cents an hour 55. Zone B 54_______ Clerks (18 and over) Minors under 18. 10 a day, 54 a week (maxi mum for laundries).29 45 cents an hour 55_____ ____ Do.29 $22 a week________ _________ 30 to 48 a week.29 At hourly minimum rate appli Less than 30 a week.29 cable to nonclerical workers. ___ do 8 a day. 40 a week (maximum). ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S AND O R D ER S Occupation or industry covered If employee works a split shift or spread of hours e sceeds 10 a day. No. 7, Oct. 23, 1946___ CO No. 8, June 6, 1949. See footnotes at end of table. 40 or less a week.56 ... Over 40 a week.53 82>4 cents an hour Employee whose normal hours are over 30 and up to 40, taking volun tary leave in any week. Cooperative students and pharmacy apprentices. 44 or less a week.56 Over 44 a week.53 523-4 cents an hour.------------------ Over 30 and up to 40 a week. Actual time„worked. 50 cents an hour___ __________ Up to and including 48 a week. • 75 cents an hour..................... ...... Over 48 a week.57 30 or less a week.29 Overtime: In communities having a popula tion of: Over 5,000 and under 10,000___ 52M cents an hour_____ ______ 79 cents an hour____ If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 11, or both. Women and minors; men: Zone I59_________ _____ - - _ .- 79 cents an hour-.- ________ 75 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. Over 40 a week.57 Over 40 but not more than 44 a week. Over 44 a week.57 Over 40 but not more than 48 a week. Over 48 a week.57 9 4 2 —JU L Y No. 1-a, Oct. 19, 1947... Laundry, includes (a) the washing of fabrics or textiles of any kind whatsoever and the ironing, pressing, repairing or processing in (Supersedes order 1 as cidental to such washing; (b) the collection, revised June 15, distribution, or rental at wholesale or retail 1940.) of the articles so processed; (c) the engaging in any of the processes mentioned in (a) or (b) above for their own use by business es tablishments, clubs, or institutions except where the processing is incidental to the manufacture or sale of a commodity; (d) all occupations, operations, and services in con nection with or incidental to the processes mentioned above. Exception: Laundry em- 90 cents an hour._ __ ___ 1 Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law extended to men. Retail trade, i. e., selling or offering for sale at retail and/or wholesale any goods, wares, merchandise, articles or things, and all occu pations, operations, and services in connec tion therewith or incidental thereto. Ex ceptions: Establishment engaged solely in wholesale trade; employment exclusively at wholesale in an establishment engaged in both wholesale and retail trade which real izes less than 25 percent of its gross annual receipts from retail sales; employees in any workweek when employed solely at an oc cupation or in any industry governed by an other minimum-wage order of the State. Women and minors: JU L Y 1, New York: Session laws 1944. ch. 792, July 1, 1944. No. 7.—................. —Directory, Nov. 12, 1945. Mandatory, May 19, 1947. Retail trade, i. e., any industry or business selling or offering for sale to the consumer any type of merchandise, wares, goods, ar ticles, or commodities. Includes the solic iting of sales or opportunities for sale and the distributing of such merchandise, wares, etc., and the rendering of services inci dental to the sale, use, or upkeep of the same whether performed on the employer’s premises or elsewhere. Exception: Em ployee in a retail trade establishment engaged solely in occupations covered by another minimum-wage order. co o ------- Over 30 but not more than 40 a week. From fortieth to forty-first hour of workweek. 86 cents an hour.............. ............ Over 41 a week.57 5734 cents an hour... ------------- Actual time worked. $23 a week _ _____ . 5734 cents an hour..... .................. In cases of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of plant, as specified. Zone II59 _ ............ —-..................... Over 30 but not more than 40 a week. From fortieth to forty-first hour of workweek. 79 cents an hour............................ Over 41 a week.57 5234 cents an hour----------------- CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive date 2 Occupation or industry covered No. 2-a, Oct. 19, 1947... Beauty service, includes all establishments which perform services or operations in the (Supersedes order 2 of care, cleansing, or beautification of the skin, Mar. 27, 1939.) nails, or hair, or in the enhancement of per sonal appearance of women and children, and also services or operai ions incidental thereto. Order covers all occupations including but not limited to maids, cleaning women, cashiers, receptionists, appointment clerks and cleri cal workers. Exceptions: Barbers, manicur ists, or other workers in barber shops which perform services primarily for men; beauty service employee in a week when working solely at a nonbeauty service occupation covered by another minimum-wage order of the State. Minimum-wage rates In cases of voluntary leave, new 52H cents an hour. employees, or total stoppage of plant, as specified. Employees whose normal workweek is 30 hours or less: Zone 159................................. ...... 62H cents an hour. Zone II5® 57Mi cents an hour. Women and minors; men: Employees other than maids and cleaning women: Experienced: Full time:60 Zone 161________________ In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. Zone II91............................... In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. Part time: Zone 161______ _______ ___ Zone II61 CO to Hours Actual time worked. Do.5 Do.5 (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at rates specified in order. Special permit required before an employer may charge em ployees for cost of uniforms.) $26 a week______ 81^ cents an hour. 97J^ cents an hour. 65 cents an hour... $23.40 a week_ _ _ 73 cents an hour... 40 or less a week. Over 40 and including 44 a week. Over 44 a week.5? Actual time worked. 88 cents an hour-.. 58J4 cents an hour. 40 or less a week. Over 40 and including 44 a week. Over 44 a week.57 Actual time worked. $6.96 a day______ $3.48 a day 62____ 97J-3 cents an hour. $6.24 a day......... __ $3.12 a day62......... 88 cents an hour... Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.57 Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.67 ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S New York—Continued No. 1-a—Continued___ Laundry—Continued ployee in a week when working solely at a nonlaundry occupation covered by another minimum-wage order of the State. Class of employees covered Continued Learners (6 months): Full time:60 Zone I61_______ In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. Zone II61___________ Zone II m. Maids and cleaning women: Zone I81.............................. Zone II81, 88 cents an hour... 58cents an hour. $21.20 a week____ 66^ cents an hour. 40 or less a week. Over 40 and including 44 a week. Over 44 a week.®? Actual time worked. 7914 cents an hour53 cents an hour... 40 or less a week. Over 40 and including 44 a w'eek. Over 44 a week.®? Actual time worked. $6.24 a day.................................. $3.12 a day 8*________ ______ 88 cents an hour.......... ............ $5.65 a day___ _____________ $2.83 a day «______________ 7914 cents an hour____ ______ Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.®? Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.®? $23.40 a week..... ........................ 58H cents an hour...................... a 35 but not over 40 a week. Less than 35 but over 18 week. 75 cents an hour____ _______ ... Up to and including 18 week. 75 cents an hour..'........................ Over 40 a week.®? $21.20 a week 35 but not over 40 a week. 53 cents an hour_____ Less than 35 but over 18 week. 67>£ cents an hour...................... . Up .to and including 18 week. ___ do............................. .............. Over 40 a week.®? a a a JU L Y 1 , 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1, 1 9 5 0 In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. Part time: Zone 181............... ......... .......... $23.40 a week........ 73 cents an hour... (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at rates specified in order. Actual cost of uniforms may be charged against em ployee’s wage but only to extent that such wage ex ceeds minimum.) See footnotes at end of tab! OO CO CO 9^ ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 1—Continued State, order, and effec tive date 2 New York—Continued No. 3-a, Nov.30,1947... Confectionery, includes all activities, services, and processes in the manufacture, prepara tion, and packaging of candy, confections, sweetmeats, chewing gum, sweetened cough drops, and sugared nuts; all occupations nec essary to the production of the articles speci fied, including but not limited to office, clerical, maintenance, wrapping, packaging, and shipping. Exception: Confectionery employee in a week when working solely at a nonconfectionery occupation covered by another minimum-wage order of the State. Class of employees covered Women and minors; men. Establishments employing 9 or more confectionery workers in any week: From Sept. 1 to Apr. 1------------------ Minimum-wage rates Hours 57)4 cents an hour; $23 a week---8634 cents an hour---------- ------- 8 a day, 40 a week.29 Over 8 a day or over 40 a week; if both, whichever total is greater.57 $16.43 a week 63. 3 days or less in week having 3 or more workdays. If called to work on 4th day, regardless of whether a work assignment is given. On more than 4 days in any workweek. $18.40 a week 63. From Apr. 1 to Sept. 1 $18.40 plus 5734 cents for each hour worked beyond the 4th day up to and including the 40th hour.63 $11.50 a week 63 $13.80 a week 63. Establishments employing 8 or fewer confectionery workers. No. 4-a, Nov. 30, 1947.. Cleaning and dyeing includes (a) all types of cleaning, dyeing, pressing, or processing in cidental thereto, of materials belonging to the (Supersedes directory ultimate consumer, i. e., clothing, hats, order 4 of May 8, household furnishings, rugs, textiles, furs, 1939, which became leather, upholstered goods, or fabrics of any mandatory Feb. 14, kind whatsoever; (b) the soliciting, collect 1944.) ing, selling, reselling, or distributing at re tail or wholesale of cleaning, dyeing, and pressing services; (c) all office, clerical, pack ing, or other occupations (including plant Women and minors; men: Full-time employees......... Part-time employees In cases of voluntary leave, new em ployees, total stoppage of plant. If employee works a split shift------- 2 days or less in week having 2 or more workdays. If called to work on third day, regardless of whether a work assignment is given. On more than 3 days in any workweek. $13.80 plus 573-3 cents for each hour worked beyond the third day up to and including the 40th hour.83 6234 cents an hour------------------ 24 or less a week at direction of employer.29 Over 24 up to and including 5734 cents an hour.................... 40 a week. Over 8 in any day when 9334 cents an hour workweek is 24 or less. $17.25 a week........ 57J4 cents an hour. 86 cents an hour... 24 to 30 a week. Over 30 to 40 a week. Over 40 a week.57 5734 cents an hour........................ Less than 24 a week 5 5733 cents an hour----------------- Actual time worked. 86 cents an hour for each hour worked on day a split shift occurs. ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S AND O R D ER S (Supersedes directory order 3 of Nov. 14, 1938, which became mandatory May 1, 1944.) Occupation or industry covered maintenance) incidental or related to the processes described in (a) and (b) above. Exceptions: Cleaning, dyeing, or pressing when a process in the manufacture of new materials or of second-hand materials being processed for resale; establishments insofar as they are covered by the laundry mini mum-wage order; employee in a cleaning and dyeing establishment in a week when working solely at a noncleaning and dyeing occupation covered by another mini mum-wage order of the State. Women and minors; men: Service employees: New York City Communities of 19,000 or over, ex cept New York City. Communities of less than 10,000-.. Nonservice (counter waitresses us ually nonservice, but exception made on permit): New York City Communities of 10,000 or over, ex cept New York City. Communities of less than 10,000. __ Service and nonservice: Part time.............._____.................. 32 cents an hour and meals 31 cents an hour and meals 30 cents an hour and meals 52 cents an hour and meals 51 cents an hour and meals 50 cents an hour and meals 4 cents additional for each hour worked up to 24 a week. Overtime................ ___.................... 1H times applicable minimum rate. If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day “in addition to the spread of hours exceeds 10, or hourly wages earned.’’ both. If meals not furnished to employee. 10 cents an hour additional for each hour worked. (Deductions allowed for lodg ing. In lieu of laundering uni forms, employer may elect to pay employee regularly an additional 3 cents per hour.) Over 24 to 45 a week.8* Do.64 Do.84 Over 24 to 45 a week.64 Do.64 Do.64 30 or less a week, at direction of employer.64 Over 45 a week.57 JU L Y 1, 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1, 1 9 5 0 No. 5-a, Nov. 30, 1947.. Restaurant, i. e., any eating or drinking place which prepares and offers food or beverages (Supersedes directory for human consumption either on any of its order 5 of June 3, premises or by such service as catering, ban 1940, which became quet, box lunch, or curb service, to the pub mandatory July 17, lic, to employees, or to members or guests of 1944.) members; and services in connection there with or incidental thereto. Exceptions: Eat ing or drinking places operated by estab lishments customarily offering lodging ac commodations of 5 or more rooms to the public; establishments where the service of food or beverage is not available to the public but is incidental to instruction, medical care, religious observance, or to the care of handicapped or destitute persons, or other public charges; restaurant employee in a week when working solely at an occupation or in any industry governed by another mini mum-wage order of the State. See footnotes at end of table. CO Oi ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Minimum-wage rates Hours Women and minors; men: All-year hotels: Nonresidential employees: Service employees: In communities having pop ulation of: Over 24 to 45 a week.6* Do.04 Do.*4 25,000 to 1,000,000........ .......... Less than 25,000 Nonservice, i. e., other than service employees (counter waitresses usually nonserv ice, but exception made on permit): In communities having pop ulation of: 1,000,000 or more... 25,000 to 1,000,000 Do.64 Do.64 Service and nonservice: If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 10, or both. Residential employees: In communities having popula tion of: 1,000,000 or more: furnished. If lodging and nished. 25,000 to 1,000,000: If lodging but furnished. If lodging and nished. Less than 25,000: If lodging but furnished. 3 cents in addition to the appli cable minimum rate for each hour worked up to 24 a week; applicable minimum rate for 24 to 30 hours. 50 cents a day “in addition to the hourly wages earned” (not applicable to residential em ployees). 30 or less a week (at direction of employer).64 meals fur- Do. no meals Do. meals fur- Do. no meals Do. ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E LA W S AND O R D ER S New York—Continued No. 6-a, Nov. 30, 1947-. Hotel, i. e., any establishment which, as a whole or part of its business activities, offers (Supersedes directory lodging accommodations for hire to the pub order 6 of Nov. 25, lic, to employees, or to members or guests of 1940, which became members, and services in connection there mandatory July 17, with or incidental thereto. Exceptions: Eat 1944.) ing or drinking places customarily offering lodging accommodations of less than 5 rooms to the public, to employees, or to members or guests of members; establishments in which lodging is incidental to instruction, medical care, religious observance, or to the care of handicapped or destitute persons, or other public charges; caddies; camp coun selors in children's camps, and employees who assist them and receive supervision and training as part compensation; enrolled students in a recognized college, university, or vocational high school who must acquire experience through employment in a hotel; campers working 4 hours or less a day in a children’s camp; hotel employee in a week when working solely at an occupation or in an industry covered by another minimumwage order of the State. Class of employees covered Oo If lodging and meals fur nished. Both residential and nonresidential employees. Resort hotels:57 Service..... ........................................ C hambermaids.............................. Nonservice-............ ...... ........ ......... Employees working 3 days or less in any week. All employees................................... North Dakota: No. 1, May 6, 1946___ (Supersedes order 1 of Dec. 16, 1932, as amended June 15, 1939.) No. 3, May 9,1946(Supersedes order 3 of Dec. 16,1932, re printed Aug. 15, 1939.) Public housekeeping, i. e., the work of wait resses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms, boarding houses, bars, and taverns, and all attendants employed at ice-cream, lightlunch, and refreshment stands, steam table or counter work in cafeterias and delicates sens where freshly cooked foods are served; the work of chambermaids in hotels, lodging houses, and boarding houses; the work of janitresses, car cleaners, and kitchen work ers in hotels and restaurants; and elevator operators. Women: Full-time employees: Waitresses or counter girls. Mercantile, i. e., work in establishments oper ated for the purpose of trade in the purchase or sale of any goods or merchandise includ ing the sales force, wrapping force, auditing or checking force, the shippers in the mail order department, the receiving, marking, and stockroom employees, and all other women, except those performing office duties solely. Women: Full-time employees: Experienced.. ......... Chambermaids or kitchen help_ _ Part-time employees...................... . Do. 1M times basic minimum rate applicable to employee. Over 45 a week.” $16 a week................................... Over 3 and including 6 days $19 a week..................................... a week. $22 a week................................... Ho of the applicable weekly Hours actually worked.*9 rate. 25 percent of applicable weekly wage or compensatory time as On seventh consecutive day. specified. [ Prorated...................................... . Actual time worked. (Deductions from minimum wage allowed for meals fur nished to nonresidential em ployees of all-year hotels and for lodging and/or meals of resort-hotel employees. Rates specified in order.) $17.43 a week; $75.53 a month... 9 a day, 58 a week in towns under 500 population; 8H a day, 48 a week elsewhere (maximum). $16.61 a week; $71.98 a month_ _ Do. Hs of weekly wage.................. . For each hour worked. (Deductions allowed for meals, lodging, or both, as specified in order.) Inexperienced (1 year)*5. Part-time employees......... JULY 1 , 194 2 — JULY 1, 1 9 5 0 Employees in resort hotels and residential employees in all year hotels: In cases of voluntary leave; em ployees hired, dismissed, or whose employment terminates within the week; stoppage of service in establishment, as specified. $14.35 a week................................ $16.90 a week; $73.23 a month_ _ 9 a day, 54 a week in towns under 500 population; 8J4 a day, 48 a week elsewhere (maximum). $14.04 a week; $60.84 a month_ _ Do. Hs of weekly wage.................... For each hour worked. See footnotes at end of table. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ’—Continued State, order, and effec tive date 2 Occupation or industry covered Women: Inexperienced:55 work performed in laundry departments of hotels and factories. No. 2, Sept. 1, 1949 ___ Manufacturing, i. e., all processes in the pro (Supersedes order 2 duction of commodities, including work in dressmaking shops, wholesale millinery printed Aug. 15, houses, workrooms of retail millinery 1939.) shops; and in the drapery and furniture covering workshops, the garment alteration, art needlework, fur-garment making and millinery workrooms in mercantile stores; employees of creameries and produce houses and the candy-making departments of retail candy stores and of restaurants; in bakery and biscuit manufacturing es tablishments, in candy manufacturing, and in bookbinding and job-press-feeding estab lishments. Ohio.......... .......... Oklahoma________ Women: $18 a week, $78 a month (with laundry privileges at 33 per cent, not to exceed $5 max imum per week). $14 a week, $60.65 a month (with laundry privileges as above). $16 a week, $69.35 a month (with laundry privileges as above). 1/48 of weekly minimum for each hour worked. 1/38 of weekly minimum for each hour worked. Hours 38 to 48 a week. Do. Do. Under 32 a week. 32 and under 38 a week. Maximum set by hours law Inexperienced (except in job-press feeding and book binding) (3 months). week. Exception: Places of less than 500 popula tion.^ No change in orders. ______ Oregon: No. 10, July 22,1941.. Minors (persons under 18 years of age). (67N 8 a day, 44 a week. (Supersedes order 9 of July 22, 1941.) No. 11, Aug. 1, 1942___ (Supersedes order 10 of July 22, 1941.) Do. Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency. 10 a day, 60 a week. V/2 employee’s regular rate......... Over 10 a day, over 60 a week in emergency. 1 Yi employee’s regular rate........ Processing, bleaching, grading, and packing. S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S North Dakota—Con. No. 4, Mar. 10, 1947___ Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., any place where clothes are washed, cleaned, or dyed (Supersedes order 4 of by any process, by any person, firm, institu Dec. 16, 1932, re tion, corporation, or association; all proc printed Aug. 15, esses connected with the receiving, mark 1939.) ing, washing, cleaning, ironing, and dis- Minimum-wage rates Class of employees covered No. 2, June 8, 1946......... Canning, dehydrating, and barreling operations, i. e., work in the canning or processing of fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, shellfish, or (Supersedes orders of Crustacea, or in the barreling or preserving of Apr. 1, 1942 and fresh fruit and berries. Exception: Farmer Aug. 27, 1943, and who processes only the product of his own order 2 of June 20, farm. 1944.) Women and minors Women 18 years and over, Double time.......... Women and minors. No. 14, Jan. 13, 1948.... Public housekeeping, includes work of wait resses, cooks, counter and salad workers, food checkers, bus and vegetable workers, (Supersedes orders 13 dish and glass washers, kitchen help, maids, of July 22,1941, and chambermaids, housekeepers, barmaids, 14 of June 13, 1944.) linen-room girls, cleaners, janitresses and janitors, charwomen and housemen, check room attendants, matrons, elevator oper ators, and all others employed in hotels, restaurants, boarding houses offering meals for sale to the public, rooming houses offer ing rooms for rent, apartment houses, auto camps, cafeterias, light-lunch stands, retail candy, ice-cream and soft-drink parlors, deli catessens, beer parlors, and clubs (private and public), as well as matrons, car cleaners in transportation industries and other work of like nature. Women and minors: Experienced_____ No. 9, May 5, 1948........ Mercantile, includes work in any business or establishment operated for the purpose of purchasing, selling, or distributing goods or (Supersedes orders 8 commodities at wholesale or retail. of July 22,1941, and 8 of July 15, 1944.) Women and minors: Experienced.......... (Supersedes orders 6 of July 22,1941, and 7 of June 13, 1944.) Inexperienced:69 First 200 hours. Next 200 hours. 10 a day. Over 10 to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Seventh day—First 8 hours. Seventh day—Over 8 to 12 hours. Seventh day—Over 12 hours. 50 cents an hour.. 75 cents an hour... 8 a day, 44 a week. Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. 65 cents an hour... 97H cents an hour. 8 a day, 44 a week.11 Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. 40 cents an hour......................... 8 a day, 44 a week.11 60 cents an hour........... .............. Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. 50 cents an hour........................... 8 a day, 44 a week.11 75 cents an hour............... .......... Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. (Deductions for meals allowed if mutually agreed to and charge does not exceed 50 percent of the price charged the public.) 65 cents an hour—. 97H cents an hour. Inexperienced (400 hours) 50 cents an hour—. 75 cents an hour— Regular employees. 97^ cents an hour. Students working only after school or on Saturdays (800 hours). 50 cents an hour. 8 a day, 44 a week.11 Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. 8 a day, 44 a week.11 Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. Sundays or legal holidays (unless establishment reg ularly open such days). 8 a day, 44 a week. JULY 1, 194 2 — JULY 1. 1 9 5 0 Laundry, cleaning and d3Teing, i. e., work in places where two or more persons are em ployed in the process of receiving, marking, washing, cleaning, dyeing, ironing, and dis tributing clothing and materials. No. 7, Feb. 15, 1947___ 66 cents an hour «. Time and a half... Double time_____ Time and a fourth. Time and a half... See footnotes at end of table. CO CD ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ^Continued State, order, and effec tive date * Oregon—C ontinued No. 8, Oct. 19, 1948. Pennsylvania: No. 3____ _____ ____ _ Directory, Aug. 1, 1943. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1947. Puerto Rico 72 No. 1, Mar. 26,1943... Class of employees covered Manufacturing, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of preparing, producing, making, altering, re pairing, finishing, processing, inspecting, handling, assembling, wrapping, bottling, or packaging goods, articles, or commodities, in whole or in part. Exceptions: Any such activity covered by another minimum-wage order of the State; women employed in administrative, executive, or professional capacities, defined as: (1) Work predomi nantly intellectual, managerial or creative, which requires exercise of discretion ana independent judgment and for which the remuneration is not less than $200 a month; or (2) employees licensed or certified by the State who are engaged in the practice of any of the recognized professions. Women and minors............................. Regularly employed woman or minor. Restaurant, i. e., any activity connected with the preparation or offering of food and/or beverage for remuneration, for human con sumption either on the employer's premises or elsewhere by such service as catering, banquet, box-lunch or curb service, whether such service is operated as the principal business of the employer or as a unit of another business, to the public, to em ployees, to members or guests of members, or to paying guests. Women and minors: . Full-time employees: Service___________ _ Nonservice___ ______ Service and nonservice. The processing of leaf tobacco, i. e.. the receiv ing, weighing, stowing, classification or grad ing, fermentation, stemming, packing or baling, warehousing, drying, or any other operation related to the handling of leaf to bacco before it is used in the manufacture of cigars, cigarettes, or other like products. All employees.. Any woman or minor........................... Minimum-wage rates Hours 65 cents an hour.......................... 8 a day, 44 a week.41 V/z employee's regular rate or 1H Sundays or legal holidays (unless Sunday in regu the minimum. larly scheduled workweek). 97H cents an hour................. ...... Over 8 a day or over 44 a week in emergency, on per mit. 29 cents an hour........................... 39 cents an hour........................... 1H times the basic hourly rate applicable to employee. Over 24 to 44 a week. Do. Over 44 a week.7® Part-time employees: Service.......................... 32 cents an hour........................... "Nonserviee................... 42 cents an hour........................... 24 or less a week at direction of employer.71 Do.71 (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging as specified in order. In lieu of laundering uniforms employer may elect to pay employee 35 cents for each required laundering.) 25 cents an hour73.................... . V/z times employee’s regular rate. 40 a week. Over 40 a week.7® S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S (Supersedes order 7 of July 22, 1941.) Occupation or industry covered O Sugar, i. e., the production of sugar cane in both the agricultural and the industrial phases. (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging as specified in the order.) See footnotes at end of table. 8 a day. Over 8 a day.74 8 a day. Over 8 a day.74 8 a day, 6 days a week. Do. Over 8 a day.74 8 a day, 48 a week. Do. Over 8 a day or over 48 a week.74 8 a day, 48 a week. Do. 8 a day, 40 a week. Do. 8 a day, 48 a week. Do. 8 a day, 40 a week. Do. Over 8 a day or over 48 a week.74 JU L Y 1, 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 , 1 9 5 0 Workers performing operations not expressly enumerated in the order:75 In agricultural phase of the industry . $1.40 a day for small and interior farms; $1.50 a day for others. Twice the minimum rate (to be prorated). In the industrial phase of the indus 33 cents an hour........................... try. Twice the minimum rate............ No. 4, July 17, 1943, Hospital, clinic, or sanitarium, i. e., any public All workers other than professional or private establishment where medical amended Jan. 17, and office employees, registered treatment is offered or where patients are nurses, student nurses in accredited 1944. interned. schools, dietitians, laboratory tech nicians, and manual laborers, such as plumbers, electricians, carpenters, painters, etc.: Regular employees (as defined)_ _ $42 a month 7fl_............................. Temporary employees.................. . $1.75 a day 7®__............................. Both regular and temporary Twice the applicable minimum employees 18 years and over. rate. (Deductions for meals, lodg ing, or laundry permitted as specified in the order. If given all of these services, $17 a month may be de ducted from wages of perma nent employees and 65 cents a day from nonpermanent employees.) No. 5, Mar. 13, 1944, Beer and carbonated drinks, i. e., the prepara All employees: tion, production, distribution, or sale of beer, modified June 5, 1944. Beer..................................................... 30 cents an hour............................ with or without alcohol, or of any soft drink Carbonated drinks................ ............ 30 cents an hour............................ prepared with carbonated water. Both industries, employees 18 years Twice employee's regular rate... or over. No. 6, June 15, 1944, Hotel, restaurant, canteen, or soda fountain... All employees: modified Apr. 14,1945. Regular workers (as defined): Employees 18 years and over: Zone 177................................ . $10 a week.. Zone II77.............................. . $8.50 a week. Minors: Zone 177................................ . $8 a week... Zone II77.............................. . $7 a week... Temporary workers: Employees 18 years and over: Zone I77................................ . 30 cents an hour............................ Zone II77.............................. . 25 cents an hour.......................... Minors: Zone 177................................ . 22H cents an hour........................ Zone II77.............................. . 18H cents an hour........................ Employees 18 years and over__ Twice employee's regular rate... No. 3, Apr. 28, 1943. ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued State, order, and effec tive date 1 Occupation or industry covered All employees: Employees 18 years and over: Zone II78.......................................... Minors between 14 and 18 years: 8 a day, 40 a week.78 Do.79 Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 40 a week.7* 8 a day, 40 a week.78 Do.79 Zone II78....................................... . No. 8,rJune 5, 1945......... Retail business, i. e., any activity, process, operation, work, or service necessary or inci dental or related to retail sales, or the trans ferring directly to the consumer of goods, merchandise, or articles, for compensation, regardless of whether such sales or transfers originate or take place within or outside such establishment or place, or in its name, or for its benefit. All workers: Employees 18 years and over: Regular (as defined): 8 a day, 48 a week. Zone II so..................... ............. Zone III 80_.................... Special employees, i. e., those sell ing merchandise priced at 25 cents or less: Zone III so.............. Temporary: Zone III 89 _ Minors under 18, apprentices, and messengers. Hours Minimum-wage rates Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a week.7* 75 percent of the applicable min- 8 a day, 40 a week. mum wage. (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging. Amounts for each zone specified in the order.) The minimum varies according to zone and type of occupa tion. In Zone I, the range is from 25 to 82H cents an hour, in Zone II, from 20 to 60 cents an hour.78 Twice the applicable minimum rate. 66H percent of applicable mini mum rate. 8 a day, 48 a week. Over 8 a day, or over 48 a a week.7* 8 a day, 40 a week. ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S Puerto Rico—Continued No. 7, Apr. 4, 1945......... Theaters and movies, i. e., establishments or places where plays or other artistic produc tions are given by actors, musicians, or sing ers for profit, or where moving pictures are shown for profit. Class of employees covered Construction, includes skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled workers in or incidental to the industry. No. 12, Jan. 2, 1947, amended Feb. 1, L94S. Transportation includes any act, process, operation, work, or service, necessary or in cidental or related to the transportation or carrying of persons or things from one place to another, by or in any kind of vehicle or locomotive apparatus of a company, corpo ration or authority. Exceptions: Transpor tation performed by the Federal, Insular, or Municipal Governments for purposes entirely governmental; transportation work incidental to an employer’s business, if such business is covered by another order. All employees.. Employees 18 years and over.. No. 13, July 1, 1947. All employees______________ If employee works a split shift. Laundry and dry cleaning, i. e., any act, process, operation, service, or work per formed in connection with the washing, cleaning, starching, ironing, or dyeing of clothes or material of any kind. Includes the preparing, wrapping, collecting, de livery, return, transporting, and distribut ing of said clothes or material. All employees: Employees other than piece work ers (rates specified in the order), and messengers and drivers. Messengers_____ _______________ .Drivers Employees 18 years and over.......... Furniture and other wooden products, in cludes the processes of designing, building, assembling, altering, and repairing furniture made of wood, metal, straw, or any other kind of material, and other classes of wooden products. All employees: Experienced employees making doors, windows, or blinds. All other experienced employees....... Inexperienced: First 6 months________ ________ Last period of the apprenticeship. _. No. 15, Nov. 22,1948___ Quarrying includes any act, process, opera tion, work, or service necessary or related to the extraction, transportation, crushing, or delivery of stone, gravel, or other quarry products. The minimum varies according 8 a day, 44 a week.5 to type of work. For skilled workers range extends from 60 cents to $1.10 an hour. For semiskilled workers minimum is 45 cents an hour; for un skilled, 32 cents an hour. Twice employee’s regular rate_. Over 8 a day or over 44 week.74 Minimum varies according to 8 a day, 48 a week.81 type of work and skill of worker. Range extends from 55 cents an hour for chauffeurs of trailers or semitrailers to 25 cents for unskilled railroad workers. Twice employee’s regular rate.. Over 8 to 9 hour shift. 1H employee’s regular rate After 9 a day. Twice regular rate of pay JU L Y 1, 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1. 1 9 5 0 No. 11, July 1, 1946, amended Nov. 1,1946. All employees......................................... No. 14, Sept. 15, 1948__ Employees 18 and over 25 cents an hour____ _________ 8 a day, 48 a week.81 $7.50 a week....................... .......... Do.81 40 cents an hour____ _________ Go.81 Twice employee’s regular rate-.- Over 8 a day, over 48 a week.74 75, 60 , 40, and 30 cents an hour 8 a day, 48 a week.81 according to classification. 60, 45, 30, and 25 cents an hour.. Go.81 15 cents an hour 85 percent of the minimum fixed for the particular occupation. Twice employee’s regular rate.- Go.81 Go.81 Over 8 a day or over 48 week.74 Range from $1 an hour to 35 8 a day, 44 a week.81 cents an hour, according to occupational classification.75 Employees 18 years and over................ Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 44 : week.74 See footnotes at end of table. co ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 i—Continued State, order, and effec tive date * Puerto Rico—Continued No. 16, Oct. 1, 1949___ Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered Hours 50 cents an hour........................... Double the employee’s regular rate. 8 a day, 44 a week. Over 8 a day, over 44 a week, or over 5H days a week.74 E Rhode Island: Session laws 1945, ch. 11624, July 1, 1945. No. 4R_.......................... Directory, :Sept. 1, 1946. Mandatory, Sept. 1, | 1948. (Supersedes manda tory order No. 4 of Mar. 18, 1940.) No. 6............................... Directory, Mar. 1, 1947. Mandatory, Sept. 15, 1947. Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law and exist ing orders extended to men. Retail trade occupations include all employ ment in or for an industry or business selling or offering for sale any type of merchandise, wares, goods, articles, or commodities to the consumer. Also includes all work connected witn the soliciting of sales or opportunities for sales and/or the distributing of such mer chandise, wares, goods, articles, or commod ities and the rendering of services incidental to the sale, use, or upkeep of the same whether performed on the employer’s prem ises or elsewhere. Covers all types of retail trade occupations unless and until specific types of occupations are governed by indi vidual wage order. Exception: Home deliv ery of newspapers. Women and minors; men: Experienced...................................... . $22 a week *2___ 55 cents an hour. Employee taking voluntary leave Prorated............ in week when normal hours are 36 or more. Inexperienced salespersons (3 $21 a week «*___ months).6® 50 cents an hour. Employee taking voluntary leave Prorated............. in week when normal hours are 36 or more. Students under 18 69____ _________ 45 cents an hour......................... Experienced and inexperienced........ 75 cents an hour........................... $1 an hour............. ................... . If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day in addition to the spread of hours exceeds 12, or both. applicable minimum wage. Public housekeeping, i. e., all employment connected directly or indirectly with the offering or furnishing of rooms and/or lodging for remuneration to the public, to employees, to members or guests of members, to paying guests, students, or others, whether such service is operated as the principal business of the employer or as a unit of another busi- Women and minors; men: Service, i. e., workers employed as bellboys, page boys, or porters who customarily receive gratuities. Nonservice___ _________________ If employee works on more than two shifts in any day, or spread of 36 to 44 a week. Less than 36 a week.*® Actual time worked. 36 to 44 a week. Less than 36 a week.*® Actual time worked. Less than 36 a week. Over 44 a week.** On seventh consecutive day. 30 cents an hour........................... 40 or over a week. 35 cents an hour........................... Less than 40 a week. 50 cents an hour_______ 55 cents an hour______ _______ 75 cents a day in addition to the hourly wage. 40 or over a week. Less than 40 a week. ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S AND O R D ER S Wholesale trade, i. e., all establishments, Women and minors; men.. enterprises, or agencies engaged in selling merchandise to retailers, commercial estab lishments, or other wholesalers including specifically wholesalers, agents, brokers, commission agents, and sales branches of manufacturing concerns. Includes the processes of buying, selling, storing, trans porting, or any activity relating to these rocesses, but excludes an establishment aving 2 or fewer employees engaged on any of these processes part of the time only (such establishments come under the pro visions of the order for the other industry). Exceptions: Executives and administrators; bona fide professional employees; traveling salesmen. Minimum-wage rates ness. Exceptions: Employment on a farm or domestic service in a private home, unless these are operated as rooming houses. The term public housekeeping occupations expressly includes such occupations as cham bermaid, parlormaid, linen-room worker, ele vator operator, cashier, clerical worker such as room clerk and desk clerk, coat-room at tendant, matron, charwoman, telephone op erator, cleaner, janitor, bellboy, porter, doorman, and all workers that may be properly classified in this occupation in any establishment furnishing rooms and/or lodg ing for remuneration. (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging as specified in order. In lieu of laundering uniforms employer may elect to pay employee an additional $1 per week.) Women and minors; men: Employees in other than resort hotel establishments: Nonservice:81 Full time__................................... 60 cents an hour plus meals28_ _ Overtime--.................................. Part time__________ ________ Service:84 Full time__________ ________ Overtime Part time.............. .................... . Both service and nonservice: Full-time employee, volun tarily absent. If meals not furnished___ If employee works on more than 2 shifts in any day (more than 3 shifts in resort hotels) or spread of hours exceeds 10 (13 in resort hotels). Employees in resort hotel estab lishments: Nonservice M Service M. Over 24 and up to 45 a week. 1H times the basic hourly rate._. Over 45 a week.88 70 cents an hour plus meals36_ _ 24 or less a week.37 40 cents an hour plus meals28___ Over 24 and up to 45 a week. 1 Yi times the basic hourly rate._- Over 45 a week.83 45 cents an hour plus meals28_ _ 24 or less a week.37 Applicable full-time basic hourly rate. 10 cents additional for each hour of “working time.” 50 cents a day in addition to the hourly wages earned. (Deduction of $3.25 a week allowed for lodging.) $19.20 a week plus full mainte nance including lodging and 3 meals a day for 7 days a week. $12 a week plus full maintenance including lodging and 3 meals a day for 7 days a week. (In lieu of furnishing and/or laundering uniforms, em ployer may elect to pay employee $1 per week extra.) See footnotes at end of table. Less than 24 a week. 48 or less a week. Do. JU L Y 1 , 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 , 1 9 5 0 No. 5-R, June 1, 1950— Restaurant and hotel restaurant, i. e., any activity connected with the preparation or (Supersedes direc offering of food or beverage for remuneration, tory order 5 of for human consumption, either on em June 15, 1942, ployer’s premises or elsewhere by such which became service as catering, banquet, box lunch, mandatory Nov. or curb service (whether the principal busi 15, 1944.) ness of the employer or as a unit of another business), to the public, employees, mem bers or guests of members, or paying guests. hours exceeds 10 (12 in resort hotels.) tf» 03 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued State, order, and effec tive date3 Utah: No. 1, Sept. 1,1947 (Supersedes orders 2 and 3 of June 3, 1940, as amended June 25, 1940, and 1 of Apr. 1, 1946.) Class of employees covered Factory, workshop, mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, restaurant, or packing house. Hours Minimum-wage rates Females over 14 years of age: In cities with population of 2,500 or over. 10 a day, 54 a week (maxi mum). 10 a day, 54 a week (maxi mum). Learners, apprentices, and women mentally or physically deficient. Retail trade includes any industry or business operated for the purpose of selling, offering for sale, or the distribution of goods, wares, and merchandise at retail to selected individ uals or to the general public and rendering services incidental to such Operations. To be fixed by Industrial Com missioner. Women and minors: Full-time workers: Experienced: DoJT Do.** Do.st Employee whose normal hours are 40 or over taking vol untary leave in week: Inexperienced (6 months or 1,000 hours):88 2X cents per hour less than pro A vided for cities in class 1. 5 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. Do. Do. $2 a week less than for experi enced workers in respective classes. (See above.) Employee whose normal hours are 40 or over taking vol untary leave in week: Part-time work (at employer’s election): Experienced and inexperienced: 2M cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. 5 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. ceed weekly minimum for 40 48-hour week). Do. Do. Less than 40 a week. ® ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S South Dakota: Wage fixed in law. (Session laws: 1943, ch. 76, effective July 1, 1943; 1945, ch. 77.) 85 (Amends ch. 309 of 1923.) Occupation or industry covered Class 2 cities81........................... Class 3 cities88..................... Vocational students and minors: Class 1 cities:88 Experienced..... ...................... 2H cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. 5 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. Do.8 Do.8 No. 4, Sept. 1, 1947___ (Supersedes orders 5 (laundry) of June 16,1941, and 4 (laun dry, cleaning and dyeing) of Sept. 1, 1946.) Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing industries: Laundry, i. e., any place where washing, ironing, cleaning, pressing, or processing incidental thereto of any kind of washable fabric is conducted. * Cleaning, dyeing, and pressing includes only those places or divisions of establishments where the cleaning, dyeing, or pressing of particular fabrics is conducted as a process aside from usual laundry practice attend ing other things. See footnotes at end of table. Women and minors: In laundry industry........................... $22 a week.................. ......... ...... In cleaning, dyeing, and pressing in $24.20 a week....... ......................... dustry. In both industries.............................. Time and one-half...................... Individual worker's regular hourly rate. 55 cents an hour................ ........... Inexperienced (1 month in laundry industry).8® 44 a week. Do. Over 44 a week.87 30 but less than 44 a week. Less than 30 a week.8 $2 a week less than the minimum. 44 a week. JULY 1, 194 2— JULY 1, 1950 58 cents an hour. Less than 4 a day, by reason of school attendance. Inexperienced............................ 53 cents an hour.......................... . Do. Class 2 cities:88 Experienced and inexperienced- 2^ cents per hour less, respecDo. tively, than provided for cities in class 1. Class3 cities:88 Experienced and inexperienced. 5 cents per hour less, respectively, Do. than provided forcities in class 1. Minors 14 to 16 doing delivery or chore work or odd jobs in the establishment: Class 1 cities 88......... ....................... 40 cents an hour........................... 8 a day, 44 a week (maxi mum) Class 2 cities88................................. 2H cents per hour less than pro Do.11 vided for cities in class 1. Class 3 cities88.................. .............. 5 cents per hour less than pro ‘ Do.41 vided for cities in class 1. If employee works a split shift........ . 50 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. All women___ ____ _____________ lVi times employee’s regular Over 48 a week in emer rate. gency.87 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 i—Continued State, order, and effec tive date * Occupation or industry covered soft-drink sales. Hours Minimum-wage rates Women and minors: " Experienced full-time employees: 48 a week.87 Do.87 Do.87 Do.87 Actual working time. All cities—Voluntary absence of employee whose normal work week is 48 hours. Experienced part-time employees: Over 2 up to’and including 8 a day. First 2 in day. JSame as above. } Do. } Do. Inexperienced (3 months):89 lished minimum wage. No. 3, Deo. 1, 1947....... (Supersedes orders 6 of July 14,1941, and 3 of July 1, 1946.) Public housekeeping, i. e., all hotels, boarding houses, rooming houses, auto camps, apart ment houses, resort hotels, hospitals, institu tions, building space to rent for business, manufacturing, commercial enterprises, and other public service. Includes linen-room girls, maids, cleaners, elevator operators, and any other female or minor employee connected with these estab lishments unless or until their specific occu pation is governed by another minimumwage order. Exceptions: Registered nurses; resident managers. Women and minors:90 Women 18 and over: Full time: Class 1 cities:91 prescribed for experienced em ployees. (Furnishing of meals to employee allowed if mutually agreed to in writing and copy of agree ment filed with Industrial Commission.) Inexperienced (2 months)........ $21.60 a week; 45 cents an hour.. Class 2 cities:91 $21.60 a week; 45 cents an hour.. Inexperienced (2 months)........ $20.40 a week; 42J^ cents an hour. Class 3 cities:91 $19.20 a week; 40 cents an hour. Inexperienced (2 months)____ $18 a week; 37^ cents an hour... Part time: At employer’s election: Class 1 cities:91 Inexperienced (2 months)... 47^ cents an hour....... ................ Do.87 Do.87 Do.87 Do.87 Do.87 Less than 48 a week.8 Do.8 S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S Utah—Continued No. 2, Nov. 20,1947___ Restaurant, i. e., all places selling food or beverages in solid or liquid form to be con sumed on the premises. Exceptions: Retail (Supersedes orders 4 of Aug. 5,1940 and 2 ice cream or retail soft drink (nonalcoholic) establishments where as much as 90 percent of June 1,1946.) Class of employees covered Class 2 cities:81 Inexperienced (2 months)... 45 cents an hour........................... Class 3 cities:91 Inexperienced (2 months).._ 40 cents an hour........................... At employee’s election: Class 1 cities:81 Inexperienced (2 months)__ Class 2 cities:91 4233 cents an hour..L................... Inexperienced (2 months). _ - 40 cents an hour........................... Class 3 cities:91 Do.4 Do.4 Do.4 Do.4 Do.4 Do.4 Do.4 Do.4 Over 8 a day or work on seventh consecutive day. Minors 16 and under 18: Class 1 cities:91 Experienced.................................. $20.90 a week; 47>3 cents an hour. 44 a week (maximum for minors, includes meal pe riod).4 Inexperienced (2 months)........... $19.80 a week; 45 cents an hour.. Do.4 Class 2 cities:91 Experienced..... ............................ $19.80 a week; 45 cents an hour.. Do.4 Inexperienced (2 months) $18.70 a week; 4233 cents an hour. Do.4 Class 3 cities:91 Experienced................................. $17.60 a week; 40 cents an hour.. Do.4 Inexperienced (2 months)........... $16.50 a week; 3733 cents an hour. Do.4 (Deductions from the mini mum wage for meals and lodging permitted only if mutually agreed to by employer and employees. Charge may not exceed the retail prices of such accom modations. Industrial Com mission must approve.) Cannery or freezing plant (fruit,-^vegetable, fish, shellfish, dog foods, or any other products preserved for food purposes). No. 39, Sept. 7, 1942.... Fresh-fruit packing, vegetable packing, or dried fruit industries. (Supersedes order 32 of Oct. 1,1934.) of table. 1950 (Supersedes order 34 of May 6, 1937.) 1 Washington: No. 38, July 3, 1942. JU L Y 1, 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y Inexperienced (2 months)... 35 cents an hour............ .............. Overtime: Do.4 Do.4 Time and a half.................... . m times employee’s regular rate. Up to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Work on seventh consecu tive day. Time and a half.................... . l}4 times employee's regular rate. Up to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Work on seventh consecu tive day. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued State, order, and effec- | tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Washington—Continued No. 40, Sept. 7, 1942___ Occupations not covered by a special indus trial welfare order. (Agricultural work, domestic service, and specific occupations listed in the order exempted.) Office workers, includes but is not limited to all types of clerical work, general office workers, typists, stenographers, secretaries, any and all office machine operators, book keepers (hand and machine), accountants, accounting clerks, statisticians, tellers, cashiers, collectors, telegraph and teletype operators, PBX and office telephone opera tors, office messengers, ticket agents, appraisers, librarians and their assistants, physicians’ and dentists’ assistants and attendants, research, X-ray medical or dental laboratory technicians and their assistants, office checkers, invoicers, and similar occupations. Exceptions: Women or minors employed by common carrier rail roads, sleeping car companies, and freight or express companies subject to regulations of Federal law; nurses and nurses’ aides not engaged in office work; telephone opera tors employed directly by a telephone company who are not engaged in office work: occupations in an industry covered by another minimum-wage order. Hours 8 a day, 6 days a week (maxi mum). Do. Do. 8 a day, 6 days a week. Minors, i. e., boys 14 and under 18 years of age; girls 16 and under 18 years of age.92 65 cents an hour......................... (•»). ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S (Supersedes order 37 of Jan. 1, 1942.) Minimum-wage rates Experienced, i. e., one who has served an apprenticeship at plant where employed, or having served an apprenticeship has been 3 months in the plant where em ployed at the particular work at which she was an apprentice else where. Inexperienced:94 (Supersedes order 29 of Jan. 22, 1922.) (Supersedes order 31 of Oct. 27,1922, and 24 of Oct. 4, 1921.) Class of employees covered g No. 44, June 6, 1949___ (Supersedes order 41 of Sept. 7, 1942, which superseded order 28 of Dec. 31, 1921.) Nos. 45 and 45-A, Nov. 28, 1949.97 Mercantile covers any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of purchasing, selling, or distributing goods or commodities at wholesale or retail. Exceptions: Women or minors employed by common carrier railroads, sleeping car com panies, and freight or express companies subject to regulations of Federal law; nurses and nurses’ aides and also telephone operators employed directly by a telephone company, who are not engaged in purchas ing, selling, or distributing goods or com modities at wholesale or retail; occupations in an industry covered by another mini mum-wage order. Women and minors: Women_________ Minors............... . .do. 65 cents"an hour. 50 cents.an hour. 8 a day (maximum set by hour law for women and minors in mercantile es tablishments). Order specifies that the hours of women and minors in this industry “shall be subject to any applicable statutes of the State.” (Industry not covered by hour law for women. The wage orders for both branches of this industry specify that hours of em ployment of women and minors “shall be subject to any applicable stat utes of the State.”) tt* kJ 194 2— JULY 1. 1950 Amusement and recreation97 includes any industry, business, or establishment oper ated for the purpose of furnishing enter tainment or recreation to the public. Theatrical amusement and recreation97 covers both moving-picture and legitimate theaters, and food and drink dispensaries operated in connection therewith. General amusement and recreation97 in cludes, but is not limited to, dance halls, theaters, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding academies, shooting galleries, race tracks, amusement parks, athletic fields, public swimming pools, private and public gymnasiums, golf courses, tennis courts, carnivals, wiredmusic studios, and concessions in any and all amusement establishments, but exclud ing the Theatrical Amusement and Becreation Industry. Exceptions: Occupations specifically covered by another wage order; cashiers (covered by the Office Workers’ order); employees of common carrier railroads, sleeping car com panies, and freight or express companies subject to regulations of Federal law; tele phone operators employed directly by a telephone company. .do. See footnotes at end of table. Oi ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive date 3 Occupation or industry covered No. 47, Feb. 13,1950......... Beauty culture, i. e.f hairdressing; hair coloring and bleaching; manicuring; hair (Supersedes order manufacturing; massage; marcel or perma 35-A of Dec. 1, nent waving; cosmetology; hair cutting; 1940.) body massage and weight reducing; selling and demonstrating or applying beauty preparations, cosmetics, and supplies either to the demonstrator or to other persons; instructing students in any of the foregoing occupations, and all services or operations incidental to such occupa tions, including the services of instructors in beauty schools. Women andjninors... Hours 66 cents an hour........................... 8 a day (maximum set by hour law for women em ployed in hotels, res taurants, and several other industries). Order specifies that the hours of women and minors in this industry “shall be subject to any applicable statutes of the State.” (If meals are furnished 40 cents per meal may be deducted from the wages paid.) Women over 18 years of age licensed by the State^to practice beauty culture. fcC Minimum-wage rates .do. 8 a day (maximum set by hour law for women in mercantile establishments under which term14 beauty parlors” are included). Order specifies that the hours of employment of women in this industry “shall be subject to any applicable statutes of the State.” S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S Washington—Continued No. 46, Jan. 23, 1950_... Public housekeeping includes but is not limited to: Restaurants; lunch counters; (Supersedes orders cafeterias; catering, banquet, or box-lunch 23 (public house service; curb service; boarding houses; all other establishments where food in either keeping) and 36 (apartment house) of solid or liquid form is prepared for and served to the public to be consumed on Oct. 4, 1921, and the premises; hotels and motels; apart Dec. 7,1937, respec ment houses; rooming houses; camps; tively.) clubs (public and private); hospitals, sanitariums, rest homes, or maternity homes; building or housecleaning or main tenance services. Exceptions: Occupa tions specifically covered by another wage order; cashiers (covered by the Office Workers’ order); employees of common carrier railroads, sleeping car companies, and freight or express companies subject to regulatiohs of Federal law; telephone operators employed directly by a tele phone company; nurses, student nurses, female internes, dietitians, and laboratorians. Class of employees covered Cn Continued No. 48, June 5, 1950------(Supersedes order 25 of Dec. 14, 1921.) Wisconsin: No. C-5, Feb. 10, 1947.. Any occupation, trade, or industry other than domestic service and agriculture. (See entries following.) (Supersedes order 1 (Form C-5) of June 10, 1932.) No. 0-5, Feb. 10, 1947, as amended Apr. 6, 1948. Industrialized agriculture, i. e., truck gardens, cherry and other fruit orchards, gardens conducted or controlled by canning com panies, and the culture or harvesting of sugar beets and cranberries. Women and minors. do. Women and minors: In cities having a population of: 3,500 or over..............—-........... 1,000 but less than 3,500........... Elsewhere in the State................ 45 cents an hour89 98. 40 cents an hour 39 98. 38 cents an hour 39 98. Women and minors........................ 8 a day (maximum set by hour law for women in laundries and mechanical establishments). Order specifies that the hours of employment of women and minors in the laundry, dry cleaning and dye works industry “shall be subject to any applicable statutes of the State.” JU L Y 1 , 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 , 1 9 5 0 Laundry, dry cleaning and dye works in cludes but is not confined to: (1) The marking, sorting, and washing, cleaning, collecting, ironing, assembling, packaging, pressing, receiving, shipping, or renovating in any capacity directly concerned with sale or distribution at retail or wholesale of any laundry or dry-cleaning service; (2) the work performed by clerical workers and telephone operators (not employed directly by a telephone company) in connection with the production and furnishing of these services; (3) the production of laundry, dry-cleaning or dyeing services on its own behalf by any establishment, which serv ices may be incidental to its principal busi ness; (4) the cleaning, pressing, finishing, refreshing, dyeing, or processing of any article of wearing apparel, including hats, household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather (including shoes), or any fabrics whatsoever, when such activity is not per formed in the original process of manufac ture. Exceptions: Same as those shown for the Amusement and Recreation orders on p. 51 and the following additional exceptions: Minors engaged in vocational education, work experience or apprentice training pro gram, when such program is properly super vised by school personnel or in accordance with written agreements or approved train ing schedules. ......... do. 98_.............. . 9 }Women: In general,10 a day, 50 a week, hotels a day, 55 a week; minors under 18, 8 a day, 40 a week.99 (Order C-5 permits deductions for board and lodging in the various occupations covered by the order, as specified.) See footnotes at end of table. CJ* 03 ■ ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ■—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Women and minors: If board only is furnished: In cities of: 3,500 or over_____ ___ 1,000 but less than 3,500____ Elsewhere in State.If both board and lodging are fur nished: In cities of: 3,500 or over....................... 1,000 but less than 3,500_____ Elsewhere in State. _ Geographic areas same as those shown above. Minimum-wage rates 45 or more a week. Do. Do. Rates same as the hourly rates of the general order. (See above.) Agriculture other than industrialized agricul ture. Special order, 1950 (or der issued each sea son). Women and minors: If board only is furnished. ___ . If board and lodging are furnished... If board, lodging, and washing are $6.50 a week.._______ furnished. All____ ________________ Canning or first processing of fresh fruits or vegetables. Women 18 years and over; girls and boys 16 to 18 years of age. 1 Provisions of flat-rate laws also included. 2 Where only one date is shown the order became mandatory on that date. A “direc tory ’ order is nonmandatory for a period during which publicity is the only penalty for failure to pay the minimum wage. 3 Revision omits the exception as to the area around Nogales. It makes no other change. 4 Maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. fi Employee must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages on any day called to work. 8 Number not to exceed 33J4 percent of women employed in establishment, except that 1 learner is permitted if less than 3 women employed. 7 The basic weekly minimum need not be paid from June 1 through Aug. 31, by estab lishments in the counties of Cochise, Gila, Graham, Greenlee, Maricopa, Pima, Pinal Santa Cruz, and Yuma; and from Dec. 16 through Mar. 15, by establishments in Apache! Coconino, Mohave, Navajo, and Yavapai counties. 8 Number not to exceed 10 percent of women and minors employed in establishment, except that 1 learner is permitted if less than 4 women and minors employed. Hours l}4 times employee’s regular rate.100 Do. Do. . Do. Less than 45 a week. 45 or more a week. Do. Do. Less than 45 a week. Over 9 to 11 a day or over 54 to 60 a week, whichever is greater, on 12 emergency days during the season of actual canning of a prod uct.107 9 The attorney general of Arkansas, in an opinion dated Apr. 17,1947, said that the 1943 amendment to the State’s wage-hour law made the $1.25 and $1 minimum-wage rates applicable to a day of 8 hours. 10 Women may be employed on 7 days a week if and when an industry engaged in handling perishable products would suffer an irreparable injury or if the labor commis sioner determines that exigency requires such overtime. u Employee must be paid at least H-day’s wage on any day called to work. 12 Number not to exceed 10 percent of persons regularly employed in the establishment. Maximum, but adult women exempted during periods when processing is necessary to prevent perishable products from spoiling. Employee must be paid at least 2 hours’ wages on any day .called to work. 14 Upto 72 hours in any 7 consecutive days permitted by the order but 24 hours must elapse before a woman who has worked these hours is again employed by the employer. 15 No basic minimum-wage rate set in this order. i® A full-time employee (one regularly working 36 but not more than 44 hours a week) ST A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D ER S No. C-5a, Feb. 10, 1947_ Domestic service in private homes. Excep tion: Casual employment of minors under 18 in or around a home in work usual to the home of the employer and not in connection with or a part of the business, trade, or profession of the employer, such as caring for children, mowing lawns, raking leaves, shovel ing snow, etc. Order defines casual employ ment as employment outside school hours, for a period of not more than 5 consecutive hours and not more than 10 hours in a week. Class of employees covered 2® Employees, other than minor students on days when schools are in^ session, must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages on any day called to work. New York’s retail order, in addition to exemption of students, exempts from payment of the minimum daily wage, stores or businesses having not more than 1 employee in any week. so The District of Columbia hour law setting 8 hours a day, 48 hours a week as the maximum a woman 18 years or over may be employed applies to offices of the estab lishments or industries covered by the law. Though general offices do not come under this law, the offices of telegraph or telephone companies are expressly covered. 3i The 40-cent hourly rate, established in the 1945 law, supersedes the following hourly rates set by ch. 159, session laws of 1943, which became effective July 1, 1943: 30 cents for the city and countv of Honolulu and 25 cents for the counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai. The act authorizes the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations to make regulations providing for payment of a lower hourly rate to learners, apprentices, etc., and to children 14 years of age and under. , , . . .. a2 A retail trade order of Illinois, directory Aug. 12, 1948, was declared void by the Circuit Court of Sangamon County, June 7, 1949. . 33 In the hotel and restaurant order: Zone 1 includes incorporated cities having a pop ulation of 60,000 or over; zone 2—incorporated cities having between 15,000 and 60,000 population; zone 3—incorporated cities having between 4,000 and 15,000 population; zone 4—rest of State. The first 3 of these zones include, in addition to the above, incor porated cities and territory any part of which lies within a radius of 5 miles (zone 1) or 1 mile (zones 2 and 3) of the corporate limits thereof. In the all-occupations order: Zone 1 includes cities of 20,000 or more population and contiguous territory within 5 miles thereof; zone 2—cities having between 4,(K)0 and 20,000 population and contiguous territory within 2 miles thereof; zone 3—rest of state. 3* Maximum hours for women and girls in practically all industries 10 a day, 60 a week. ss Learners may be employed only by special permit from commissioner of industrial relations who must fix rate for each learner. Maximum learning period 720 hours. Learners ma v not exceed H of the total number of regular full-time employees. Employer must obtain learner certificate for worker before he can pay rates lower than those fixed in order. se Maximum hours for women and minors are 9 a day, 48 a week. The law covers a variety of occupations and establishments but specifically exempts women and minors who are: (1) Employed exclusively as personal secretaries; (2) declared by the com missioner to be employed in a supervisory capacity; and (3) professional personnel in hospitals Several variations from the maximum hour standards are included in the law. These are as follows: . (1) In manufacturing establishments and hotels, 52 hours a week permitted if employ ment is determined by the labor department to be seasonal and the year’s weekly average does not exceed 48 hours; # (2) In public service or other businesses requiring shifts, overtime allowed in extraor dinary emergencies, provided the conditions specified in the hours statute are met; (3) Labor commissioner may permit the employment of: (a) Office workers for more than 9 hours a day (but not more than 48 hours a week); (b) nonprofessional hospital employees for more than 9 hours a day, 48 hours a week in an emergency. 37 Employee who reports for duty on any day at the time set by the employer must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages at the applicable minimum rate, unless employment on that day is rendered impossible by conditions beyond the employer's control and this fact is verified by the minimum wage commission. Verification by the commission is not provided for in the Massachusetts dry-cleaning and laundry orders, or m the Rhode Island restaurant and hotel restaurant order. . Ch d 5 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1 , 1 9 5 0 who is required to work longer hours than his or her regularly established schedule must be paid for any excess hours up to 44 a week at his or her regular rate of pay. If a workweek of less than 44 hours is voluntary with any such employee the weekly wage may be pro rated and a proportionate amount deducted; if such hours are required by employer, however, employee must be paid the minimum part-time hourly rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher. , , , , ... u Employee called to work on any day must be paid at least 4 hours wages at the part time rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher. In laundries having a workday of less than 4 hours on Saturday, workers called in on that day must be paid at least 3 hours’wages. . . is The overtime provision is not mandatory in the case of bona fide executive, adminis trative, and professional employees, as defined. Employer must elect annually whether he will pay for overtime of employees working on a commission basis, at a minimum wage of $1 per hour plus commission or the actual overtime rate, including salary and com mission, at time and a quarter. i® Maximum hours for women and minors in mercantile establishments 8 a day (10 allowed 1 day a week), 48 a week. Under certain specified conditions, hours exceeding these are permitted in the week before Christmas and, if permit is obtained, in cases of emergency or of seasonal or peak demand. 20 Maximum hours for women and minors in beauty shops and public restaurants, cafes, dining rooms, 9 a day (10 allowed 1 day a week), 48 a week. Hotels are expressly exempted. 21 Unless a suspension of work due to a breakdown or an act of God occurs, an employee called to work on any day must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages at the minimum rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher. 22 Number receiving this rate limited to 1 for every 15 workers subject to this order. 22 Maximum hours for women and minors under 18 years of age, 9 a day, 48 a week. In cases of emergency or seasonal or peak demand commissioner of labor may allow 10 hours a day, 55 hours a week, for 8 weeks in year; the Governor may extend number of weeks beyond 8 in the interest of national defense. . . 2* “Nonservice employee” is defined as including but not limited to counter girls and men, counter waitresses and waiters, and employees serving food or beverage to patrons seated at tables or booths and who do not customarily receive gratuities. (See second paragraph following.) , . , _ _ , . “Service employee” is defined as an employee whose duties relate solely to the serving of food and/or beverages to patrons seated at tables or booths, and to the performance of duties incidental to such service and who customarily receive gratuities. _ To be considered as customarily receiving gratuities, a full-time employee must receive a minimum of $10 a week in gratuities and a part-time employee, $2 a day. This fact must be evidenced by the signed statement of the employee. _ .. _ 2s The weekly wage may not be prorated unless the employee: (1) Is hired after the beginning of the week or his employment is terminated before the end of the week; (2) is a full-time worker taking voluntary occasional absences; (3) is engaged in diversified employment and his service and nonservice duties are definitely segregated and recorded, otherwise the nonservice rate shall be paid for such employment. 26 In Connecticut employee working 5 hours or less on any day must be furnished 1 meal, if more than 5 hours, 2 meals; in Rhode Island these work shifts are less than 5 hours, and 5 or more hours, respectively. 27 Employee called to work on any day must be paid at least $2 for that day unless conditions not controllable by the employer occur and this fact is established to the satisfaction of the Department of Labor. . J8 Weekly wage may not be prorated unless the employee: (1) Takes time oft at her own request, or (2) begins full-time employment and works only part of a week when first employed, or (3) resigns after having been a full-time employee. Oi Cn 44 If 40 hours work is not available to an employee in any week, a'bonus of 10 percent must be added to the applicable minimum rate, when employee’s total wage for that week is less than the amount she would receive for 40 hours. 58 Employees, other than minor students attending school, must be paid at least $2 on any day called to work. Not applicable on days when it is established that employer has made available to the employee the minimum number of hours of work mutually agreed upon prior to the commencement of work on that day. 47 Maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week for females and male minors between 16 and 18 years of age. To make 1 or more short days in week, 10 hours allowed on 1 day and up to 9f the 4 remaining days, but weekly hours may not exceed 48. In mercantile establishments, the 8-48-hour maximum does not apply to week before Christmas and 2 weeks m year for inventory. Hours law expressly exempts from its maximum hour and day-of-rest provisions females over 16 employed m: (1) Beauty parlors in cities and towns of less than 15,000 popula tion; (2) resort or seasonal hotels or restaurants in rural communities and in places of under 15,000 population. ,,53 fnanda5ory <>rder for retail trade split the population group of under 10,000 in the directory order, so as to shorten for the small-sized communities the period to which the overtime rate applies. Rates not changed. 49 Zone I includes the city of New York, the counties of Westchester and Nassau, and all communities having a population of over 10,000. Zo7ie 11 pdudes all communities having a population of 10,000 or less except com munities of 10,000 or less in Nassau and Westchester counties. . A laundry located in zone II which does business with an agent who services customers m zone I or which maintains directly or indirectly a route, office, or drop store in zone I must be considered in zone I for weeks in which such business is done and must pav the higher minimum-wage rates of zone I. 60 Full-time employees defined as persons other than maids and cleaning women who work in the establishment on more than 3 days in any week. 61 Zone I includes the city of New York and all communities having a population of momthan 50,000 or, if located in Erie, Nassau, or Westchester counties, of more than Zone II includes the rest of the State. 89 Employee required to report for duty on any day, whether or not assigned to actual work, must be paid this amount. 83 Employer is not obliged to pay guaranteed weekly wages: (1) To new employees or employees who voluntarily absent themselves during the period with which the guaran tees are concerned; (2) to employee-students 16 to 18 years of age who are required to attend a full-time school during the period with which the guarantees are concerned, when work is available to them for such period; (3) to accountants and bookkeepers employed to work occasionally for the establishment; (4) in case of an act of God, fire, flood, public disaster, or plant-wide mechanical breakdown. 84 Employee called to work on any day, whether assigned to duty or not, must be P.aid the maximum length of the stint she is hired to work (3 hours, if 1 shift; 6 hours if 2 shifts; 8 hours, if 3 shifts) at the applicable minimum rate. Employee-students ex«^Ptedvfrom, fhls Provlsi?n on any workday when they are required to attend school. 84 Number of learners paid less than the experienced rates may not exceed 25 percent of an establishment’s employees. 66 The order provides that “all existing State hour and wage laws applying to women workersshallappiy to all manufacturing industries and establishments.” A law enacted m 1943 for the duration of the present war” permits employment of females for 10 hours a day, 54 hours a week “in emergencies,” if time and a half employee’s regular rate is paid for hours over 48 a week. An opinion of the State attorney general declares that Or 05 S T A T E M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S 38 Employee who reports for duty on any day at the time set by the employer must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages at the applicable minimum rate. In the building-service occupations order this provision applies only to employees other than those working on residential property and to those working for more than one employer. The Massa chusetts public housekeeping, mercantile, clerical, and building-service orders provide that if employee is unable or unwilling to accept 3 hours’ employment the minimum wage commission may grant permission to employer to employ such employee for less than 3 hours. Order requires that home workers be employed at the established minimum rates or the equivalent in piece rates. 40 During peak periods not to exceed 8 weeks in year the minimum wage commission may grant employer special permit to employ worker 48 hours a week at the weekly minimum established in this order, provided worker is given compensatory hours for such employment. 41 Employee must be paid at least 2 hours' wages on any day called to work. 49 Motion-picture theaters and other places of amusement are covered by the State’s hour law which sets a maximum of 9 hours a day, 48 hours a week for women and minors. 43 Casual employee, one not regularly employed who reports for work as an extra at the direct request of employer, when such employment depends upon weather conditions, time, or public response to specific performances. Pin boys and ushers are casual em ployees for the purpose of this order. 44 The term “living quarters” shall include a furnished or unfurnished apartmentadequate, decent, sanitary, well-lighted, ventilated, and heated where heat is customarilv supplied. 45 Employer may not require employee to make a deposit for uniforms or for any other purpose, except by permission of the minimum wage commission. 48 Class A—Cities of more than 50,000 inhabitants. Class B—Cities of 20,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. Class C—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and townships of 10,000 to 20,000 inhabitants. Class D—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and townships of less than 10,000 inhabitants. 47 Maximum hours for women and girls in mercantile and several other occupations, 54 a week. In cases of emergency or when industrial commission grants special exemption, longer hours are permitted. 48 Hour law permits suspension of the hour provisions for regular employees in mer cantile establishments during the 7 days before Christmas, if weekly average for year does not exceed 54 hours. 49 Authorization of labor commissioner required for employment of learners. Number may not exceed 10 percent of total number of women and minors employed in the estab lishment, except that each establishment is dllowed 1 learner. For part-time workers, the learning period must be computed on a cumulative basis until 1,040 hours have been worked or at the end of 1 year of part-time employment. B0 By attorney general ruling, minimum wages for women and minors may continue to be established by wage order for occupations exempt from the statutory rate as well as for all (ither occupations covered by the original law. (The latter exempts domestic service in the home of the employer and labor on a farm.) 41 The New Jersey minimum-wage law expressly exempts hotels from its coverage. . "Guaranteed weekly wages of $8.50 (service) and $11.50 (nonservice) are established m the order for workers whose hours total as much as 24 in any week. 43 Maximum hours for women 18 years and over, 10 a day, 54 a week. 44 Zone A includes Bergen, Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, Morris, Passaic, and Union counties. Zone B includes Atlantic, Burlington, Cape May, Cum berland, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Monmouth, Ocean, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, and Warren counties. 83 Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week. If 5-day week is worked, daily hours may be 9^. _ .. , _ .. .. »4 Nonservice employees are defined as all kitchen and dining-room workers other than table waiters and waitresses receiving tips, these being classified in the order as “service” employees. , . . _ , . . 8« The provisions of the 1943 act enacted for a 2-year period were made permanent m 1945. 86 For retail trade: Class 1—Salt Lake City and Ogden. Class 2—Logan, Provo, Murray, and Tooele. Class 3—Bingham, Brigham City, Eureka, Helper, Midvale, Park City, Price, Amer ican Fork, Bountiful, Cedar City, Lehi, Payson, Richfield, Smithfield, Spanish Fork, Springville, St. George. Class 4—All other towns or municipalities. For restaurants, classification is same as for retail trade except that Price and Helper are transferred from class 3 to class 2 cities and Nephi and Vernal are added to the class 3 group. Maximum population for the class 4 group is fixed at 5,000 rather than 2,500. 87 Hours law sets a maximum week of 48 hours for women and 44 hours for minors under 18, permitting overtime in emergencies as specified. The restaurant and public house keeping orders require that a H-hour meal period be included as working time. ss Special permit required for each learner or apprentice employed. Employer must register learners with industrial commission. Number may not exceed 25 percent of the women and minor employees having workweek of 40 hours or over. 89 Number may not exceed 1 for every 5 experienced workers. so Employment of girls under 18 prohibited in this industry. Boys 16 and under 18 may be employed 8 hours a day, 44 hours a week. Persons under 18 may not serve beer to customers in restaurants. 9i Class 1—Cities of over 10,000 population. Class 2—Cities of 3,000 and under 10,000 population. Class 3—Cities of under 3,000 population. ®j Permits must be obtained for the employment of minors under 18 years of age. 93 At least H the women and minors employed at a piecework rate must receive an average wage based on this rate. All pieceworkers in canneries must receive a guarantee of 45 cents an hour. , 9« Experienced pieceworkers must be paid at a rate that will enable at least 75 percent of them to earn the minimum rate. The other 25 percent must be paid at the prevailing piecework rate, but in no case shall their earnings be less than 30 cents an hour. 65 Number may not exceed 25 percent of tbe total number of women employed except by permit in emergencies. . .. , ®8 Hour laws for women and for minors set an 8-hour maximum, and this applies to office workers in the industries and establishments covered by these laws: Mechanical or mercantile establishments, laundries, hotels, and restaurants by the women’s law and all industrial employment by the minors’ law. Women employed in general offices would not, however, come under this 8-hour standard. . The wage order specifies that “the hours of employment of women and minors as office workers shall be subject to any applicable statutes of the State.” ®7 For this industry, Washington issued 2 orders: 1 for theatrical amusement and rec reation and the other for general amusement and recreation. Except for the variance m the definitions of coverage, the provisions of both orders are identical. 98 Piece rates on a particular kind of work are deemed adequate if they yield to 75 per cent of the women and minors, 3 cents per hour more than the prescribed minimum. 99 Maximum hours; however, under the 9-50-hour law women may be employed 10 5 1 9 4 2 —JU L Y 1, 1 9 5 0 this law will continue in full force and effect, until the President or the Congress officially declares that the war is ended. . _ a This revision of the order applying to minors, effective the same day order No. 9 in Bull. 191 became effective, omitted the minimum-wage provision. A letter from the State’s enforcing agency explained that this was done because “wages for women and minors are provided for in the several industrial orders.” » Pieceworkers must be paid a rate which will enable at least 50 percent of such workers to earn not less than the minimum. . . w Permit must be obtained before employer may hire workers at the inexperienced rate. The Rhode Island retail trade order also requires a certificate for any student under 18 employed in retail trade. io Maximum hours for women and girls, 10 a day, 48 a week. n Employee must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages at the applicable minimum rate on any day called to work if she reports for duty at the beginning of a work shift. 12 Order 2, promulgated in February 1943, covered the sugar industry but the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico declared it void and unconstitutional. Order 3 was accordingly adopted. . t Order 10 covering the dairy industry was also declared void by the territorial supreme court. . , . , ’3 This minimum has been in effect since Mar. 1, 1945. An escalator clause m the order set minimum hourly rates of 20 cents, 22H cents, and 24 cents, respectively, for periods beginning Mar. 26, 1943, Apr. 16, 1943, and Mar. 1, 1944. 74 The 1949 amendment to the women’s employment law of Puerto Rico removed the limitation on women’s hours of work. The amendment provides, however, that if employee is not covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act, double the regular rate must be paid for hours over 8 and up to 12 a day and for hours over 48 and up to 72 a week. If covered by the Federal Act, 1H times the regular rate must be paid for hours over 8 and up to 12 a day or over 40 and up to 60 a week. Three times the regular rate must be paid to (1) all women, for hours worked in excess of 12 a day; (2) those not covered by the Act, for hours over 72 a week; (3) those covered by the Act, hours over 60 a wee*. 7! The order establishes specific rates for numerous occupations in which women are not customarily employed. . , , _ . . . Rates as amended in 1944. The 1943 order contained escalator clauses fixing minimums of from $30 a month to $40 a month for permanent employees in the periods specified and from $1.25 a day to $1.60 a day for temporary employees during these same periods. 77 Zone I—Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Caguas, Guayama, Mayaguez, Ponce, Rio Piedras (including Hato Rey) and San Juan. Zone II—All other places. 78 Zone I—San Juan and Rio Piedras. Zone II—All other places. , 7« Employee who works 4 hours or less a day during more than 1 performance of a show or movie is entitled to pay for 4 hours’ work at the applicable minimum rate. Employee who works 3 hours or less during only 1 performance of a show or movie is entitled to pay for 3 hours’ work at the minimum rate for that particular zone. 80 Zone I—San Juan and Rio Piedras. Zone II—Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Caguas, Fajardo, Guayama, Humacao, Mayagflez, and Ponce. Zone III—All other places. si Employee must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages on any day called to work, under con ditions specified in the order. . _ . , . 87 No reduction may be made in wage because of summer or seasonal schedules of store, or in week in which a holiday occurs. Ox hours a day, 55 hours a week, during emergency periods not exceeding 4 weeks a year, if tune and a half employee’s regular rate is paid. Industrial commission must be notified of such overtime within 24 hours. Attendants in sanitariums required to be on duty for more than 55 hours a week must be paid, as a minimum, for 55 hours a week. ioo No basic minimum-wage rate set in this order. The State's order for any occupation, trade, or industry sets 3 rates: 45 cents in cities of 3,500 population or over: 40 cents in cities of 1,000 up to 3,500; and 38 cents elsewhere in the State. Cn OO © TA TE M IN IM U M -W A G E L A W S A N D O R D E R S 101 During the canning season, maximum hours for women and minors are 9 a day 54 a week, except on 12 emeregency days in the season of actual canning of a product when women and minors 16 to 18 years of age may be employed 11 hours a day, 60 hours a week. In addition, hour limits and overtime pay may be waived for boys 17 years of age m 10 weeks during canning season under conditions specified in the order. Before and after the canning season, maximum hours are 9 a day, 50 a week, for women 18 years and over; 8 a day, 48 a week for boys and girls of 17 years; and 8 a day, 40 a week for boys and girls of 16 except that during school vacations they may work 48 hours a week STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS Digests of amendments becoming effective between July 1942 and July 1950* *Cf “Analysis of State Minimum-Wage Laws,” Women’s Bureau Bull. 191, folders following p. 52. California: Requires the Division of Industrial Welfare to Session laws 1943, ch. 425 determine, upon request, whether wages (Adds subsection 1195.5 to Deering’s Labor Code exceeding the minimum fixed by the Com mission have been correctly computed and 1937.) paid. Authorizes the Division to examine Effective Aug. 4, 1943. employer’s documents relative to employ ment of women and minors and to enforce payment of any sums found to be due and unpaid. Provides that no wage order shall be effec Session laws 1947, ch. 1188 (Amends Statutes 1913, ch. 324 tive unless compliance is had with the pro as amended.) visions governing the appointment and operation of wage boards; specifically pro Effective Sept. 19, 1947. vides that Commission may revise a wage order upon following the procedure estab lished for issuance of original order; in creases payment of wage board members to $15 per diem (formerly $5) and neces sary travel expenses while engaged in a conference. . Hawaii: Session laws 1943, Act 159 (Amends session laws 1941, Act 66.) Section on rates effective July I,1943; rest of Act, May II, 1943. Amends the wage and hour law to raise the minimum wage in the city and county of Honolulu from 25 cents to 30 cents an hour, and in the counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai from 20 cents to 25 cents an hour. . Excludes from coverage of the act members of a religious order or individuals donating their services to any hospital, religious, fraternal, or charitable organization. Empowers the director or his representative to obtain restitution whenever illegal de ductions from an employee’s wages are discovered in the course of a wage and hour inspection; provides that, if such restitution is made, a prosecution may not be instituted or maintained. 69 60 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Hawaii-—Continued Session laws 1945, Act 15_____ (Amends session laws of 1941 and 1943.) Effective July 1, 1945. Session laws 1949, Act 292-----(Amends session laws 1945, Act 15.) Effective July 1, 1949. Raises the minimum wage to 40 cents an hour for workweek of 48 hours or less, but provides that the labor department may, by regulation, establish a lower rate for children 14 years of age and under; continues the provision requiring time and one-lialf employee’s regular rate for work in excess of 48 hours a week; removes geographic differential; tightens enforce ment provisions. Amends coverage (1) to provide that agricultural employees shall be excluded only in weeks when the employer has less than 20 employees; (2) to broaden the exemption for workers en gaged in the processing or distribution of the various aquatic forms of.animal or vegetable life; and (3) to remove the ex emption for employees of street, suburban, or interurban electric railways or local trolleys or motor bus carriers. Amends the definition of “employee” to exempt additional categories of workers. Deletes the exemption added in 1943 for re ligious orders and charitable organizations. Massachusetts: Session laws 1946, eh. 545-----(Amends General Laws 1932, ch. 151, as amended.) Effective Sept. 11, 1946. Session laws 1948, ch. 362-------(Amends General Laws 1932, ch. 151, sec. 2, as amended.) Effective May 24, 1948. Session laws 1949, ch. 777------(Amends General Laws 1932, ch. 151, secs. 1 and 19 (2), as amended.) Effective Jan. 1, 1950. Extends coverage of the minimum-wage law to all persons employed in the occupations covered thereby, regardless of age or sex, in the same manner and to the same ex tent as if such persons had been expressly included; provides that existing orders and regulations shall be similarly applicable. Amends definition of “occupation” specifi cally to include industries or businesses not operated for profit, but excluding, in addition to domestic service in the home of the employer and labor on a farm, work by persons being rehabilitated or trained under rehabilitation or training programs in charitable, educational, or religious in stitutions, or work by members of religious orders. Amends the minimum-wage law to provide that a minimum wage of less than 65 cents per hour “shall be conclusively presumed to be oppressive and unreason able” unless the Minimum Wage Com mission has expressly approved the es tablishment and payment of a lesser wage through issuance of a wage order as pro vided in the act. Amends the penalty section to provide for fine or imprisonment or both for payment of less than the rates applicable under a wage order or less than 65 cents per hour. JULY 1, 1942—JULY 1, 1950 61 Massachusetts—Continued Extends from 1 to 2 years after the entry Session laws 1950, ch. 349 date of the record, the period during (Amends General Laws 1932, which employer is required to keep on ch. 151, sec. 15 as amend file a record of the wages paid and the ed and adds sec. 20 A.) time worked of each employee. Provides Effective July 16, 1950. that the penalty and the wage collection provisions of the minimum-wage law shall not be applicable to any violation of any wage order occurring more than 2 years prior to the date of filing of a criminal or civil action. Nevada: Increases the minimum wage from $3 to $4 Session laws 1945, ch. 166 per day of 8 hours and from $18 to $24 per (Amends sec. 2825.41 of the week of 48 hours; establishes a 50-cent 1941 Supplement to the hourly minimum; grants employee the Nevada Compiled Laws right to recover unpaid wages in a civil of 1929.) action within a 2-year period; expressly Effective Mar. 22, 1945. provides that any agreement to accept a wage less than the minimum shall be invalid. New Hampshire: Session laws 1949, ch. 310____ (Adds secs. 25-29 to ch. 213, Revised Laws 1942.) Effective July 28, 1949. Amends the minimum-wage law to establish a minimum wage of 50 cents per hour for any experienced employee and 35 cents for inexperienced employees (on permit); excludes from coverage of the statutory wage, employees engaged in household, domestic, or farm labor; outside salesmen; summer camps for minors; restaurants, hotels, inns, or cabins; directs the Com missioner of Labor to readjust the mini mum wage rates established in the several orders now in effect for women and minors, as may be necessary, in view of the foregoing provisions; exempts employees covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act; provides for collection of unpaid wages and an equal additional amount as liquidated damages. The New Hampshire Attorney General, in an opinion dated Sept. 9, 1949, ruled that: (1) The statutory rate applies to men as well as to women and minors; (2) wage orders may be issued covering women and minors in occupations excluded from the statutory rate and all other occupations covered by original law (i. e., all occupa tions except domestic service in the home of the employer and labor on a farm); and (3) the minimum wage established by a wage order may not be less than the statutory rate. 62 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS New York: Session laws 1944, ch. 792 Adds a new section (663-a) to prohibit the (Amends ch. 32 of the 1931 employment of a male 21 years of age or 35 Cumulative Supple over in an occupation at lower standards ment to Consolidated or rates of wages than those fixed for Laws of 1930, ch. 584, women and minors in such occupation art. 19.) under a directory or mandatory minimumEffective July 1, 1944. wage order. Provides that sections re lating to publication of names, court re view, record keeping and the posting of orders, wage collection, and penalties, respectively, shall be applicable in case of an employer’s failure to comply with the provisions of this amendment or with any wage order. Session laws 1946, ch. 972 Adds subsection 9 to section 656 to require (Amends as above.) that the wage board hold public hearings Effective Apr. 23, 1946. during investigation, prior to its report and recommendations, and that the testimony at such hearings be submitted to the Com missioner together with the board’s report. Extends the time limit for submission of such report to the Commissioner from the previous 60-day period to 90 days, and provides that the Commissioner in his discretion may extend the time to 180 days; requires wage board to submit a record of its activities with its report. Amends the provisions governing action on the wage board report to require that Commissioner hold public hearings, notice of which shall be given to all interested parties, and permitting him to reject the wage board’s report or to accept it in whole or in part. Session laws 1947, ch. 221. Deletes word “directory” from text and re (Amends as above.) peals provisions relating to directory Effective Mar. 20, 1947. orders; provides that orders shall be made by the Commissioner as mandatory orders, to be effective within 60 days from date of making. Session laws 1948, ch. 353 Requires Commissioner to file report of wage (Amends as above.) board and recommendations with the Sec Effective July 1, 1948. retary of the Department of Labor. Ex tends the time limit for action by the Commissioner in accepting or rejecting the report from previous 10-day period to 30-day period; deletes phrase “mandatory or directory wage order” and substitutes phrase "minimum-wage order.” JULY 1, 1942—JULY 1, 1950 63 New York—Continued Session laws 1950, ch. 421 (Amends as above.) Effective July 1, 1950. Puerto Rico: Clarifies the wage board section of the mini mum-wage law and provides that a wage board shall continue in existence for 2 years after its formation, unless sooner dissolved by the Commissioner. Acts of 1942, Act 9---------------- Amends the minimum-wage lav to stipulate that the Minimum Wage Board may clas (Amends sec. 12, Act 8 of sify any occupation, business, or industry 1941.) according to the nature of the services to Effective Mar. 20, 1942. be rendered, and approve minimum-wage scales suitable for different kinds of work, for the purpose of fixing for each classifi cation the highest rate of minimum wage. Provides that the board may also approve minimum wages for different zones or dis tricts, where advisable, due to differing conditions, if such action does not give competitive advantage to other zones or districts. Acts of 1942, Act 44------------- Adds a section to the minimum-wage law to provide that the Governor of Puerto Rico (Adds sec. 10-A to Act 8 of may, by proclamation, require the Mini 1941.) mum Wage Board to appoint a minimumEffective Apr. 23, 1942. wage committee to investigate the condi tions in a certain occupation, business, or industry where a strike, lock-out, emer gency, or controversy in regard to wages exists, or has existed within the 6 months preceding the proclamation, and to fix the minimum wage that shall be paid in the industry in question. Provides that wages so fixed shall be retroactive to the date on which laborers returned or may return to work. Provides that, in ease the committee fails to submit its report within 15 days or within the extension of time granted by the board, or does not come to an agreement, the board may dissolve the committee and either appoint another or make the in vestigation itself. Once the report is rendered, a mandatory wage order must be issued under prescribed procedure. Acts of 1945, Act 217................ Provides for a membership of 3 instead of 9 on the Minimum Wage Board; revises (Amends sections of Act 8 of procedural provisions and authorizes in 1941.) vestigation of several industries simultane Effective May 11, 1945. ously. 64 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Puerto Rico—Continued Acts of 1947, Act 451................. Transfers administration and enforcement of (Amends Act 8 of 1941 as wage orders issued under the Minimum amended.) Wage Act from the Minimum Wage Effective May 14, 1947. Board to the Commissioner of Labor; modifies the procedure for issuing wage orders by eliminating provisions for mini mum wage committees and providing instead for appointment by the chairman of the Minimum Wage Board of an equal number of representatives of labor and management as special members of the Minimum Wage Board for the industry or occupation for which issuance of a wage order is being considered; provides for op portunity for hearing of interested parties followed by issuance of mandatory order. Acts of 1948, Act 48 Strengthens various provisions of the Act so (Amends Act 8 of 1941 as as to speed up the procedure for the prep amended.) aration and promulgation of mandatory de Effective June 10, 1948. crees. Enhances the investigating powers of the Board and the authority of the Com missioner of Labor to enforce the Board’s wage orders. Session laws 1949, Act 169 Amends law to give the Commissioner of (Amends Act 8 of 1941 as Labor authority to issue summonses to amended.) compel the appearance of witnesses and Effective May 4, 1949. the production of evidence, documentary or otherwise, which the Commissioner may deem necessary. Rhode Island: Session laws 1945, ch. 1624___ (Amends ch. 289, General Laws 1938, as amended.) Effective July 1, 1945. Adds a new section (16-A) to prohibit the employment of a male 21 years of age or over in an occupation at lower standards or rates of wages than those fixed for women and minors in such occupation under a directory or a mandatory mini mum-wage order; provides that sections providing for court review, record-keeping, penalties, and wage collection, respec tively, shall be applicable in case of an employer’s failure to comply with the provisions of this amendment or with any wage order. Session laws 1950, ch. 2624____ Amends the minimum-wage law to author (Amends ch. 289, General ize the Director of Labor or the Commis Law's 1938, as amended.) sioner of Minimum Wages to bring actions Effective Apr. 26, 1950. in court for violations of the minimumwage law. JULY 1, 194 2—JULY 1, 1950 65 South Dakota: Session laws, 1943, ch. 76 (Amends sec. 17.0607, Code 1939.) Effective July 1, 1943. Session laws 1945, ch. 77 (Amends sec. 17.0607, Code 1939, as amended.) Effective Eeb. 17, 1945. Increases the minimum wage for experienced women and girls in cities of 2,500 popula tion or over from $12 per week to $15 per week. Effective “until the end of the next regular session of the legislature.” Makes permanent the 1943 increase in minimum-wage rates, for women and girls in cities of 2,500 population or over. Washington: Session laws 1943, ch. 192 Amends the procedural requirements for (Amends sec. 7631, Reming revision of minimum-wage orders to ton’s Revised Statutes eliminate the provision that a conference 1931.) be called; provides instead that the In Effective June 9, 1943. dustrial Welfare Committee upon holding a public hearing may on its own motion amend the original order on the basis of evidence adduced at the hearing. Session laws 1949, ch. 195 Amends the section of the minimum-wage (Amends sec. 7633, Reming law pertaining to fixing of minimum ton’s Revised Statutes wages for minors to authorize the Indus 1931.) trial Welfare Committee to issue permits Effective June 9, 1949. for the employment of minors; exempts from the Committee’s obligatory orders, minors employed in agricultural labor, as defined in the Unemployment Compensation Law; domestic work performed in private homes J chores in or about private resi dences; newspaper vendors and newspaper carriers. CURRENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE WOMEN’S BUREAU FACTS ON WOMEN WORKERS—issued monthly. 4 pages. (Latest statistics on employment of women; earnings; labor laws affecting women; news items of interest to women workers; women in the international scene.) 1950 HANDBOOK OF FACTS ON WOMEN WORKERS. Bull. 237. (In press.) THE AMERICAN WOMAN—Her Changing Role as Worker, Homemaker, Citizen. (Women’s Bureau Conference, 1948.) Bull. 224. 210 pp. 1948. EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK AND TRAINING FOR WOMEN The Outlook for Women in Occupations in the Medical and Other Health Services. Bull. 203: 1. Physical Therapists. 14 pp. 1945. 100. 2. Occupational Therapists. 15 pp. 1945. 100. 3. Professional Nurses. 66 pp. 1946. 150. 4. Medical Laboratory Technicians. 10 pp. 1945. 100. 5. Practical Nurses and Hospital Attendants. 20 pp. 1945. 100. 6. Medical Record Librarians. 9 pp. 1945. 100. 7. Women Physicians. 28 pp. 1945. 100. 8. X-Ray Technicians. 14 pp. 1945. 100. 9. Women Dentists. 21 pp. 1945. 100. 10. Dental Hygienists. 17 pp. 1945. 100. 11. Physicians’ and Dentists’ Assistants. 15‘pp. 1945. 100. 12. Trends and Their Effect Upon the Demand for Women Workers. 55 pp. 1946. 150. The Outlook for Women in Science, Bull. 223: 1. Science. [General introduction to the series.] 81 pp. 1949. 200. 2. Chemistry. 65 pp. 1948. 200. 3. Biological Sciences. 87 pp. 1948. 250. 4. Mathematics and Statistics. 21 pp. 1948. 100. 5. Architecture and Engineering. 88 pp. 1948. 250. 6. Physics and Astronomy. 32 pp. 1948. 150. 7. Geology, Geography, and Meteorology. 52 pp. 1948. 150. 8. Occupations Related to Science. 33 pp. 1948. 150. The Outlook for Women in Police Work. Bull. 231. 31 pp. 1949. 150. Home Economics Occupations Series. Bull. 234. The Outlook for Women in: 1. Dietetics. 80 pp. 1950. 250. (Others in preparation.) Social Work Series, Bull. 235. The Outlook for Women in: 1. Social Case Work in a Medical Setting. 59 pp. 1950. 250. 2. Social Case Work in a Psychiatric Setting. (In press. Others in prepara tion.) Your Job Future After College. Leaflet. 1947. (Rev. 1948.) Your Job Future After High School. Leaflet. 1949. Occupations for Girls and Women—Selected References. Bull. 229. 105 pp. 1949. 300. Training for Jobs—for Women and Girls. [Under public funds available for vocational training purposes.] Leaflet 1. 1947. EARNINGS Earnings of Women in Selected Manufacturing Industries. 14 pp. 1948. 100. 66 1946. Bull. 219. 67 JULY 1, 194 2—JULY 1, 1950 LABOR LAWS Summary of State Labor Laws for Women. 8 pp. 1950. Mimeo. State Legislation of Special Interest to Women. Mimeos for 1948 and 1949. Minimum Wage . . State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders, 1942; An Analysis. Bull. 191. 52 pp. 1942. 200. Supplement, July 1, 1942—July 1, 1950. Bull. 227, (.Revised.) (Instant publication.) State Minimum-Wage Laws. Leaflet 1. 1948. Model Bill for State minimum-wage law for women. Mimeo. Map showing States having minimum-wage laws. (Desk size; wall size.) State Minimum-Wage Orders Becoming Effective Since End of World War II. 1950. Multilith. Equal Pay Equal Pay for Women. Leaflet 2. 1947. (Rev. 1949.) Chart analyzing State equal-pay law's and Model Bill. Mimeo. Texts of State laws (separates). Mimeo. ' Model Bill for State equal-pay law. Mimeo. Selected References on Equal Pay for Women. 10 pp. 1949. Mimeo. Movement for Equal-Pay Legislation in the United States. 5 pp. 1949. Multilith. Hours of Work and Other Labor Laws State Labor Laws for Women, with Wartime Modifications, Dec. 15, 1944, Bull. 202: I. Analysis of Hour Laws. 110 pp. 1945. 150. II. Analysis of Plant Facilities Laws. 43 pp. 1945. 100. III. Analysis of Regulatory Laws, Prohibitory Laws, Maternity Laws. 12 pp. 1945. 50. IY. Analysis of Industrial Ilome-Work Laws. 26 pp. 1945. 100. V. Explanation and Appraisal. 66 pp. 1946. 150. Working Women and Unemployment Insurance. Leaflet. 1949. Maps of United States showing State hour law's, daily and weekly. (Desk size; wall size.) LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN International Documents on the Status of Women. Bull. 217. 116 pp. 1947. 250. Legal Status of Women in the United States of America, January 1, 1948: United States Summary. Bull. 157. (Revised.) (In preparation.) Reports for States, Territories, and Possessions (separates). Bulls. 157-1 through 157-54. (Revised.) 50 and 100 each. The Political and Civil Status of Women in the United States of America. Sum mary, including Principal Sex Distinctions, as of January 1, 1948. Leaflet 1948. Women’s Eligibility for Jury Duty. Leaflet. July 1, 1950. Reply of United States Government to Questionnaire of United Nations Economic and Social Council on the Legal Status and Treatment of Women. Part I. Public Law. In six Sections: A and B, Franchise and Public Office; C, Public Services and Functions; D, Educational and Professional Opportunities; E, Fiscal Laws; F, Civil Liberties; and G, Nationality. Mimeo. HOUSEHOLD EMPLOYMENT Old-Age Insurance for Household Workers. Bull. 220. 20 pp. 1947. 100. Community Household Employment Programs. Bull. 221. 70 pp. 1948. 200. COST OF LIVING BUDGETS Working Women’s Budgets in Twelve States. Bull. 226. 36 pp. 1948. 150. 68 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS RECOMMENDED STANDARDS for women’s working conditions, safety, and health. Standards of Employment for Women. Leaflet. 1950. 50. When You Hire Women. Sp. Bull. 14. 16 pp. 1944. 100. The Industrial Nurse and the Woman Worker. Bull. 228. (Partial revision of Sp. Bull. 19. 1944.) 48 pp. 1949. 150. Women’s Effective War Work Requires Good Posture. Sp. Bull. 10. 6 pp. 1943. 50. Washing and Toilet Facilities for Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 4. 11 pp. 1942. 50. Lifting and Carrying Weights by Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 2. (Rev. 1946.) 12 pp. 50. Safety Clothing for Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 3. 11 pp. 1941. 100. Supplements: Safety Caps; Safety Shoes. 4 pp. each. 1944. 50 each. Poster—Work Clothes for Safety and Efficiency. WOMEN UNDER UNION CONTRACTS Maternity-Benefits Under Union-Contract Health Insurance Plans. 19 pp. 1947. 100. Bull. 214. EMPLOYMENT Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades. Bull. 218. 260 pp. 1947. 450. Popular version, Women’s Jobs: Advance and Growth. Bull. 232. 88 pp. 1949. 300. Employment of Women in the Early Postwar Period, with Background of Prewar and War Data. Bull. 211. 14 pp. 1946. 100. Women Workers in Ten War Production Areas and Their Postwar Employment Plans. Bull. 209. 56 pp. 1946. 150. Women in Higher-Level Positions. Bull. 236. 86 pp. 1950. 250. Baltimore Women War Workers in the Postwar Period. 61 pp. 1948. Mimeo. INDUSTRY Women Workers in Power Laundries. Bull. 215. 71 pp. 1947. 200. The Woman Telephone Worker [1944]. Bull. 207. 28 pp. 1946. 100. Typical Women’s Jobs in the Telephone Industry [1944], Bull. 207-A. 52 pp. 1947. 150. Women in the Federal Service. Part I. Trends in Employment, 1923-1947. Bull. 230-1. 81 pp. 1949. 250. Part II. Occupational Information. Bull. 230-11. 87 pp. 1950. 250. Night Work for Women in Hotels and Restaurants. Bull. 233. 59 pp. 1949. 200. WOMEN IN LATIN AMERICA Women Workers in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Bull. 195. 15 pp. 1942. 50. Women Workers in Brazil. Bull. 206. 42 pp. 1946. 100. Women Workers in Paraguay. Bull. 210. 16 pp. 1946. 100. Women Workers in Peru. Bull. 213. 41 pp. 1947. 100. Social and Labor Problems of Peru and Uruguay. 1944. Mimeo. Women in Latin America: Legal Rights and Restrictions. (Address before the National Association of Women Lawyers.) THE WOMEN’S BUREAU—Its Purpose and Functions. Leaflet. 1950. For complete list of publications available for distribution, write— The Women’s Bureau U. S. Department of Labor Washington 25, D. C. o