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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR MAURICE J. TOBIN, Secretary WOMEN’S BUREAU FRIEDA S. MILLER, Director STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS July 1, 1942-January 1, 1949 SUPPLEMENT TO BULLETIN 191 -v^TES Bulletin of the Women’s Bureau, No. 227 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1949 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 20 cents i 1 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL United States Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, Washington, April 28, 1949. Sir: I have the honor to transmit an analysis of State minimumwage orders now current which either have been revised or newly issued since publication of the Bureau’s Bulletin 191 in 1942. Eightyone orders and four statutes fixing rates are included in this Supple ment and these represent 23 of the 30 jurisdictions now having mini mum-wage laws on the statute books. Fifty-seven of the 85 changes have occurred since the end of World War II. The research and analyses of the various orders and changes in laws included in this Supplement are the work of Mary Loretta Sullivan and Alice Angus, both of the staff of the Bureau’s Division on Women’s Labor Law and Civil and Political Status. Valuable assistance was given by Elizabeth Batson of the Editorial Section. The report was compiled under the direction of Margaret L. Plunkett, Chief of the Labor Law Division. Respectfully submitted. Frieda S. Miller, Hon. Maurice Director. J. Tobin, Secretary of Labor. in STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS July 1, 1942-January 1, 1949 SUMMARY This bulletin was prepared by the Women’s Bureau as a Supple ment to Bulletin 191, “State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders,” issued in 1942. In the present analysis, only orders becoming effec tive since July 1, 1942, and now current are included. Therefore, Bulletin 191 must be consulted for analyses of currently effective orders issued prior to that date. In the present Supplement, the orders of each State are arranged chronologically according to the effective date. If the order is a revision, this fact is noted and the number and effective date of the superseded order are shown. If more than one revision of an order was made in the 6%-year period, only the one that is currently effective is shown, but appropriate references for all intermediate revisions are noted. State action Of the 130 minimum-wage orders and statutory rates in effect in June 1942, 62 have been revised or amended in the 6^-year period following, and a total of 23 additional orders have been issued by nine jurisdictions. Of these 23 orders all but 1 established minimum wages for the industry for the first time. The exceptions were Kentucky and Minnesota which during this period issued orders for workers in hotels and restaurants and retail trade, respectively. These industries had previously been covered by the any occupation orders of these States. Of the 30 jurisdictions with minimum-wage laws, 3 (Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma) have no minimum wages in effect at the present time and 4 (Alaska, Colorado, Maine, Ohio) took no action, up to January 1, 1949, towards revising existing minimum wages or issuing new orders for additional industries. Twenty-two States and Terri tories established minimum wages in the period: Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky, Massa chusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. (This includes three with statutory rates—Nevada, South Dakota, and Hawaii—which amended their laws in the period to set higher basic 1 2 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS minima.) In addition, Arkansas, through a change in the overtime provisions of its hour law, indirectly improved its statutory rate. Nine jurisdictions issued orders for industries not previously covered by an individual occupation wage order: Illinois,1 Minnesota, New York, and Puerto Rico for retail trade; Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Puerto Rico for restaurants or public housekeeping; Massachusetts for amusement and recreation occupations; and New Jersey for beauty parlors. Puerto Rico also adopted orders for tobacco, sugar, hospitals, beer and carbonated drinks, theaters and movies, bakery and confectionery, construction, transportation, laundry and dry cleaning, furniture, and quarrying. Number of current orders issued or statutory rates revised, by State, July 19 42-January 1949 State Arizona_____________ Arkansas. ___ _____ California_ _ ______ Connecticut. District of Columbia. Hawaii. ________ Illinois..... ...................... Kentucky____ ____ _ Number State Number 2 10 4 5 i1 22 State Number 8 New Jersey Oregon ......... . __ 1 3 7 3 7 4 82 1 Order was declared void, June 1949. 2 One of these is the all-industries order which covers all industries except hotels and restaurants and laundries. 8 All occupations order and annually revised canning order. Distribution of highest basic rates Of the 66 orders 2 for which wage rates were set by wage boards during the period, 22 established rates as high as 60 cents an hour, 2 setting rates of 70 cents or better; 22 set minimum rates ranging from 50 to 59 cents. Twelve orders fall in the 40- to 49-cent range; 10 fall below 40 cents. Of the 52 orders issued since the end of World War II, only 10 fall below 50 cents. Amendments to minimum-wage laws At the time the 1942 analysis was published only one State— Connecticut—had amended its statute to cover adult males as well as women and minors in its minimum-wage law. Since that time, Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island have also amended their wage laws to extend coverage to adult males. These and other amend ments to minimum-wage laws, 1943 through 1948, appear on pages 50 to 55. These changes should be used in connection with the folders following p. 52, in Bulletin 191. 1 Order declared void by Circuit Court of Sangamon County, June 1949, 2 Because of the diversity of coverage of the Puerto Rican orders and the involved methods of payment set out in these orders, Puerto Rico is not included in this count. Likewise excluded are the 2 orders that do not set wage rates. JULY 1, 194 2—JANUARY 1, 19 49 3 Summary of orders by industry The summary showing the industries covered by State minimumwage rates (pp. 4 to 8) includes all currently effective orders, irrespective of date of issuance, and therefore replaces a similar summary section appearing on pages 3-5 of Bulletin 191. As in the earlier bulletin, classification is by industry or occupation, in accord ance with the usual practice of the State in issuing orders. An asterisk indicates that a revision of the order was made or a new wage set since July 1, 1942, and that the order now current is included in the Supplement. INDUSTRIES COVERED BY STATE MINIMUM-WAGE RATES [Asterisk indicates that since publication of the Women’s Bureau Bull. 191—“State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders: 1942”—a new minimum-wage order, revision of a former order, or amendment of the statutory rate applicable to the industry has become effective in the State. The summary following shows the orders by their title and not by the industries and occupations listed in the definition of coverage of any specific order.] NONMANUFACTURING Minimum-wage rates for one or more nonmanufacturing industries have been established in the laws themselves or by minimum-wage orders, and are now in effect in 22 States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. In 6 of these 26 jurisdictions, the minimum-wage laws and, except in Connecticut, all wage orders, are applicable to adult males as well as to women and minors. The States are Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. All 26 jurisdictions have set wages that apply to workers in laundry establishments and the great majority of these jurisdictions cover workers in cleaning and dyeing establishments as well as laundries. Minimum wages for employees in hotels and/or restaurants and in mercantile or retail trade establishments are now established in 23 jurisdictions. In addition a New Jersey order for retail trade will become effective June 6, 1949. Nineteen of the 26 jurisdictions have established minimum wages for workers in beauty parlors. Twelve jurisdictions have wages applicable to clerical, technical, or professional work, and work in packing plants; 11 have minima for workers in amusement and recreation enterprises and in telephone and/or telegraph establish ments; 10 for workers in transportation (intrastate) and for employees of hospitals (not nurses); and 2 for domestic service. These State minimum-wage rates apply as follows: 4 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Laundries Twenty-two States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, ♦Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arizona. ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Colorado. ♦Connecticut. Illinois. Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York. ♦North Dakota. Ohio. ♦Oregon. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. ♦South Dakota. ♦Utah. Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Dry cleaning and dyeing Eighteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and ♦Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arizona. ♦Arkansas. ♦California. ♦Connecticut. Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York. ♦North Dakota. Ohio. ♦Oregon. Rhode Island. ♦Utah. Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Mercantile or retail trade Nineteen States, the ^District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arizona. ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Colorado. ♦Connecticut. ♦Illinois.1 ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. ♦Minnesota. ♦Nevada. ♦New Hampshire. ♦New York. ♦North Dakota. ♦Oregon. ♦Rhode Island. ♦South Dakota. ♦Utah. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Hotels and restaurants, or public housekeeping Sixteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and ♦Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Colorado. ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. ♦New York (two orders). ♦South Dakota. ♦North Dakota. *Utah (two orders). Ohio. Washington. ♦Oregon. *Wisconsin. ♦Rhode Island (two or ders). In addition, three States—New Hampshire, *New Jersey, and *Pennsylvania—cover restaurants only. 1 Order was declared'void, June 1949. JULY 1, 194 2—JANUARY 1, 1949 5 Beauty culture Sixteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Colorado. ♦Connecticut, Illinois. ♦Kentucky. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. ♦New Jersey. ♦New York. Ohio. Oregon. Washington. ♦Wisconsin. General and professional offices Nine States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. ♦Kentucky. *Massachusetts. Minnesota. *Nevada. Oregon. Washington. *Wisconsin. Amusement and recreation Seven States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arkansas. * ♦California. ♦Kentucky. *Massachusetts. Minnesota. *Nevada. *Wisconsin. Telephone and telegraph Seven States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The States are: ♦Arkansas (with excep- Minnesota. tions), *Nevada. ♦Kentucky. Oregon. Washington. *Wisconsin. In addition, one State—North Dakota—covers the telephone industry only. Packing Nine States, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico (leaf tobacco). The States are: ♦Arkansas. Minnesota. *South Dakota. ♦California(egg, poultry, *Nevada. *Washington (fruit and dairy, fruit, vegetable). Oregon (fruit and vegevegetable). ♦Kentucky. table). *Wisconsin. Transportation Six States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. 835669—49-----2 *Kentucky. Minnesota. *Nevada. *Wisconsin. 6 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Hospitals (not nurses) Six States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦Kentucky. Minnesota. *Nevada. Oregon. *Wisconsin. Agriculture Two States, *Nevada and *Wisconsin, and Alaska, ^Hawaii, *Puerto Rico. Domestic service One State—*Wisconsin—and Alaska. Miscellaneous Apartment houses—Washington *Cherry stemming and pitting—Oregon Office and other building cleaning— *Nut processing, cracking, bleaching, Massachusetts grading, and packing—Oregon Personal service—Oregon *Quarrying—Puerto Rico MANUFACTURING Seventeen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico have established minimum wages for all manufacturing or certain branches of manufacturing. In Hawaii, the law of 1941 applies only to employment not covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. Illinois. ♦Kentucky. Maine. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. New Hampshire. New Jersey. ♦New York. North Dakota. ♦Oregon. Rhode Island. ♦South Dakota. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. These State minimum-wage rates apply as follows: All manufacturing Ten States, the ^District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The States are: ♦Arkansas. ♦California. ♦Kentucky. Minnesota. ♦Nevada. North Dakota. ♦Oregon. ♦South Dakota. ♦Washington. ♦Wisconsin. Certain branches of manufacturing Twelve States and *Puerto Rico. covered appears below. ♦California. Illinois. Maine. ♦Massachusetts. Minnesota. The type of manufacturing ♦Oregon. NewHampshire.Rhode Island. New Jersey. ♦Washington. *New York. ♦Wisconsin. JULY 1, 194 2—JANUARY 1, 1949 7 Wearing apparel: Illinois Wash dresses. Massachusetts___ Boot and shoe cut stock and findings. Corsets. Knit goods. Men’s clothing and raincoats. Men’s furnishings. Millinery. Women’s clothing. Women’s and children’s underwear, neckwear, and cotton garments. MinnesotaNeedlecraft. (In addition to order for “any occupations.”) New Hampshire__Clothing and accessories. Hosiery and knit goods. New Jersey______Wearing apparel and allied occupations. Rhode Island____ Wearing apparel and allied industries. Canning: California_______* Canning and preserving. (In addition to order for “manufacturing.”) Maine Packing fish and fish products in oil, etc. Massachusetts___ Canning and food preparations. Oregon*Canning, dehydrating, and barreling. (In addi tion to order for “manufacturing.”) Washington*Fruit, vegetable, fish, and other canning. (In addi tion to order for “manufacturing.”) Wisconsin* Canning or first processing of perishable fresh fruits and vegetables. (In addition to order for “any occupation.”) Confectionery: Illinois. ♦Massachusetts. ♦New York. ♦Puerto Rico. Jewelry: Massachusetts. Rhode Island. Miscellaneous: Illinois Macaroni, spaghetti, and noodles. Massachusetts*Bread and bakery products. Brushes. Druggists’ preparations, etc. Electrical equipment and supplies. Paper boxes. Pocketbooks and leather goods. Stationery goods and envelopes. Toys, games, and sporting goods. New Jersey Light manufacturing. 8 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Miscellaneous—Continued Puerto Rico * Leaf tobacco. ♦Sugar. ♦Beer and carbonated drinks. ♦Construction. ♦Furniture and wood products. MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS, BY STATE [Includes all current minimum-wage orders effective since publication of Women’s Bureau Bulletin No. 191 in 1942. The 21 orders preceded by an asterisk indicate industries not previously covered by a minimumwage order for that individual industry.] Arizona: Retail trades. Laundry and dry cleaning. Arkansas: Law amended to permit overtime pay after 8 hours. California: Kentucky: ♦Hotels and restaurants. All industries and occupations. Massachusetts: Candy. Beauty culture. Laundry and dry cleaning. Bread and bakery products. Clerical, technical, and similar occupations. ♦Public housekeeping. Mercantile. ♦Amusement and recreation. Manufacturing. Personal service. Canning and preserving. Professional, technical, clerical, and similar occupations. Public housekeeping. Minnesota: Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing. ♦Retail merchandising. Mercantile. Industries handling farm products Nevada: Law amended to increase minimum after harvest. rates, etc. Transportation. Amusement and recreation. New Hampshire: Retail trade. Connecticut: New Jersey: Mercantile. ♦Beauty culture. Beauty shops. ♦Restaurants. Cleaning and dyeing. Laundry and cleaning and dyeing.2 Laundry. District of Columbia: Public housekeeping. Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing. Retail trade. Beauty culture. Manufacturing and wholesaling. Hawaii: New York: ♦Retail trade. Laundry. Beauty service. Confectionery. Cleaning and dyeing. Restaurant. Hotel. Law amended to increase minimum North Dakota: rates, etc. Public housekeeping. Illinois: Mercantile. ♦Retail trade.1 Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing. 1 Order declared void, June 1949. 2 In this revision in 1946 the State combined these two industries, Earlier orders covered them separately. JULY 1, 19 42—JANUARY 1, 1949 9 ♦Furniture and wood products. ♦Quarries. Minors (no wage rate set). Rhode Island:3 Nut processing. Canning, dehydrating, and barrel Retail trade. ing. ♦Public housekeeping. Laundry, cleaning and dyeing. South Dakota: Public housekeeping. Law amended to increase minimum Mercantile. rate, etc. Manufacturing. Oregon: Utah: Pennsylvania: ♦Restaurants. Puerto Rico: Retail trade. Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing. Restaurant. Public housekeeping. ♦Tobacco. Washington: ♦Sugar. Canning. ♦Hospitals. Packing. ♦Beer and carbonated drinks. Manufacturing. ♦Hotels, restaurants, soda fountains. Mercantile. ♦Theaters, movies, etc. Minors. ♦Retail. Wisconsin: ♦Bakery and pastry shops. ♦Construction. Any occupation including domestic ♦Transportation. service and agriculture. Canning (no separate wage rate set). ♦Laundry and dry cleaning. s Restaurant and hotel restaurant order made mandatory during period. ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 » State, order, and effec tive date 2 Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours No change in law. Directory, July 12, 1948. Mandatory, Sept. 12, 1948. (Supersedes order 2 of June 15,1939.) Retail, i. e., all selling of merchandise to con sumer and not for purpose of resale in any form. Exception: Worker under 21 whose chief occupation is that of a student actually attending public or private school.3 Women and female minors: Standard workweek, i. e., 48 a week (8 a day, 6 days) or 42 a week (6 a day, 7 days) .4 Less than 4 days a week, 8 hours each.5 Inexperienced:® Laundry and dry cleaning includes: (1) Cleaning, dyeing, pressing, processing, or any other work incidental thereto, of clothing (including, hats), household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather, or fabric of any kind; (2) the collection, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale of these services; (3) the producing of such services on their own behalf, by establish ments, businesses, institutions, clubs, or hospitals which services may be incidental to their present business; (4) Self-Service Laundries, Automatic Laundries, HelpYourself Laundries, U-Do-Laundries, and any type of rental laundries. Exception: Worker under 21 whose chief occupation is that of a student actually attending pub lic or private school. f$12.50 a week....... ................... . \27J^ cents an hour ____ ______ Second 6 months________ ____ f $14 a week Full-time employee, i. e., one who Weekly rate prorated. ......... ...... works 8 hours a day on 4 or more days a week. Women and minors: Experienced: In laundry industry___ $18.72 a week 7 _____ _ If employee on voluntary ab sence. Arkansas: Mar. 20, 1915 Wage fixed in law. Digest (Pope) 1937, ) J Do. Less than standard week. 36 a week. O ver 36 a week 4 or during periods when basic weekly minimum need not be paid.7 Over 36 a week 4 or during periods when basic weekly minimum need not be paid.7 If employee on voluntary ab sence. Inexperienced and apprentices (3 months).8 Jsame as for experienced. 90 percent of the applicable min imum rate. Less than 36 a week.6 (Deductions from minimum wage for meals, lodging, or both, allowed only on special permit.) Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile es tablishment, laundry, express or transportation company, hotel, restaurant, eating Females: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ _______L-L________a ____ i____ i________ i____ I____i_______ s________ ________________ i Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 8 a day, 6 days a week. Do.® T _ - -V * *_______ v * * L MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Arizona: No. 1-A Directory, Apr. 17, 1943. Mandatory, June 17, 1943. (Supersedes order 1 of Feb. 1, 1939.) 1 secs. 9094,9096-9100; session laws 1943, Act 70 (amending secs. 9084 and 9095.) ▼ * T place, bank, building and loan association, insurance company, finance or credit busi ness, or work in any capacity other than oc cupations expressly exempted by law. Ex ceptions: Domestic, agricultural or horticul tural employment; cotton factory; gathering of fruits or farm products; switchboard op erators in public telephone exchanges hav ing less than 500 stations who are exempt under section 13 (a) par. 11 of the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act. All. Women and minors: Experienced.......... .................... ......... Inexperienced: Women over 18 in skilled or semi skilled occupations (200hours).12 Minors under 18 12 Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. If employee works a split shift........ + V/i times employee's regular rate. Pro rata__________ __________ Over 8 a day or on seventh consecutive day.10 Less than 8 a day. 65 cents an hour. 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 50 cents an hour Do.11 Do.11 do__________ ____________ times employee’s regular Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as rate. defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to minimum wage. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) No. 2 R, June 1, 1947.._ Personal service, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of rendering, directly or indirectly, any service, (Supersedes. order 2 operation, or process used or useful in the NS of Nov. 23,1942.) care, cleansing, or beautification of the body, skin, nails, or hair, or in the enhancement of personal appearance or health; including, but not limited to, barber and beauty shops, bath and massage parlors, physical condi tioning and weight control salons, and mortuaries. No. 3 R, June 1, 1947-.. Canning and preserving, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of cooking, canning, curing, freezing, (Supersedes orders pickling, salting, bottling, preserving, or 3A of Sept. 14, 1929, otherwise processing any fruits, vegetables, 6A of May 9, 1923, or seafood when the purpose of such process and 3NS of Feb. 8, ing is the preservation of the product. 1943.) See footnotes at end of table. Women and minors--------- ----------- 65 cents an hour------------- ------- Minors under 18 12------------------------Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. 50 cents an hour lYz. times employee’s regular rate. If employee works a split shift---------- 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. 8 a day, 48 a week (max imum).11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at the prices specified in the order.) Women and minors. Minors under 18 l2— Women 18 and over. 8 a day, 48 a week.12 Do.13 Over 8 and up to 12 a day and the first 8 on seventh con secutive day.14 Double employee’s regular rate_. Over 12 a day and all in excess of 8 on seventh con secutive day.14 (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) 65 cents an hour--------------------50 cents an hour--------------------tyk times employee’s regular rate. JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 California: No. 1 R, June 1, 1947... Manufacturing, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of preparing, producing, making, altering, (Supersedes order 1 repairing, finishing, processing, inspecting, NS of June 29,1942.) handling, assembling, wrapping, bottling, or packaging goods, articles, or commodities, in whole or in part. Exceptions: Any such activities covered by orders for canning and preserving and industries handling farm products after harvest. Y ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued State, order, and effec tive date 2 Occupation or industry covered No. 5 R, June 1,1947___ Public housekeeping, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment which provides (Supersedes orders meals, housing, or maintenance services, and 12A of Sept. 14, includes restaurants; lunch counters; cafe 1923, and 5 NS of terias; catering, banquet, or box-lunch June 28, 1943.) service; curb service; boarding houses; all other establishments where food in either solid or liquid form is prepared for and served to the public to be consumed on the prem ises; hotels and motels; apartment houses; rooming houses; camps; clubs (private and public); hospitals, sanitariums, or rest homes; private schools, colleges, or nurseries; other establishments offering rooms, offices, or lofts for rent; building or house, cleaning or maintenance services. Exception: Graduate nurses or nurses in training in an accredited school. No. 6 R, June 1, 1947... Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated (Supersedes orders 7A for the purpose of washing, ironing, cleaning, of July 23,1923, and refreshing, restoring, pressing, dyeing, fumi 6 NS of June 21, gating, moth-proofing, water-proofing, or 1943.) other processes incidental thereto, on articles http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank-A St. Louis of 4____ t I A Women and minors: Experienced_____ 65 cents an hour. Inexperienced: Women over 18 in skilled or semi 50 cents an hour.......... ............... skilled occupations (200 hours) ,18 Minors under 18 12_____________ ___ do_____________ _________ Women 18 and over when over 1J4 times employee’s regular time is permitted by hour law. rate. If employee works a split shift. to Minimum-wage rates 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. Hours 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 Do.11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) Women and minors......... .................... Minors under 18 12 Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. If employee works a split shift 65 cents an hour___ __________ 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum) .11 50 cents an hour_____ ________ Do.11 1times employee’s regular rate. Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) Women and minors: Experienced....................................... Inexperienced: Women over 18 in skilled or semi skilled occupations (200hours).12 Minors under 1812......................... k 65 cents an hour. 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 Do.11 50 cents an hour. ___ do................. i___ I___ L Do.11 * 4 4 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS California—Continued No. 4 R, June 1,1947___ Professional, technical, clerical, and similar occupations include office workers, clerks, (Supersedes orders 9 A typists, stenographers, office-machine oper of Aug. 28,1933, and ators, bookkeepers, accountants, accounting 4 NS of June 28, clerks, computers, statisticians, tellers, 1943.) cashiers, collectors, telephone, telegraph, and teletype operators, messengers, board markers, ticket agents, appraisers, teachers, instructors, librarians and their assistants, physicians’ and dentists’ assistants and attendants, research, X-ray, medical, or dental laboratory technicians and their assistants, and similar occupations. Excep tions: Any such occupation when performed in an industry covered by another minimum wage order; employees licensed or certified by the State and engaged in the practice of law, medicine, dentistry, architecture, engi neering, teaching, or accounting; exchange operator of a small telephone company whose duties as operator are incidental to other duties. Class of employees covered > L * v ■» L 835669—49---- 3 or fabrics of any kind, including clothing, hats, drapes, rugs, curtains, household fur nishings, textiles, furs, or leather goods; and the collection, distribution, sale or resale at retail or wholesale of these services. ' i l ' * M W Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. ll times employee’s regular A rate. If employee works a split shift-....... 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. Women and minors: Experienced—.................................. Inexperienced: Women over 18 in skilled or semi skilled occupations (200 hours).12 Minors under 18.12.......................... Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by hour law. Women and minors: Experienced....................... Inexperienced: Women 18 years and over in skilled or semiskilled occupations (200 hours).12 Minors under 1812_......... Women 18 years and over.. No. 9 R, June 1,1947... Transportation, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of (Supersedes order 9 conveying persons or property from one NS of Aug. 27, place to another, whether by rail, highway, 1943.) air, or water; and all operations or services in connection therewith, including storing or warehousing of goods or property, and the repairing, parking, or maintenance of vehicles. Women and minors............................... Minors under 1812_........ ..................... Women 18 years and over when over time is permitted by hour law. If employee works a split shift............. H * Y Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) 65 cents an hour........................... 50 cents an hour........................... ___ do.............. ............................. V/2 times employee’s regular rate. If employee works a split shift.......... 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. No. 8 R, June 1,1947.__ Industries handling farm products after har vest, i. e., any industry, business, or estab (Supersedes orders lishment operated for the purpose of grading, 8 A of Aug. 8, 1923, sorting, cleaning, drying, packing, dehy 15A of Sept. 14,1923, drating, cracking, shelling, candling, sepa and 8 NS of Aug. rating, slaughtering, plucking, pasteurizing, 27,1943.) ripening, molding, or otherwise preparing any agricultural, horticultural, egg, poultry, rabbit, or dairy products for distribution. * 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 Do.11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) 65 cents an hour1 50 cents an hour....... ...... ........... 8 a day, 48 a week.13 Do.13 ___ do................... ......................... Do.13 Hi times employee’s regular rate. Over 8 and up to 12 a day and the first 8 on seventh consecutive day.1* Double employee’s regular rate... Over 12 a day and all in ex cess of 8 on seventh con secutive day.14 (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 No. 7 R, June 1, 1947... Mercantile, i. e., any industry, business, or establishment operated for the purpose of (Supersedes orders 5A purchasing, selling, or distributing goods or commodities at wholesale or retail. of Apr. 8, 1923, and 7 NS of June 21, 1943.) 7 65 cents an hour................... ........ 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 50 cents an hour................... ........ Do.11 1H times employee’s regular Over 8 a day or over 48 a rate. week in an emergency as defined in order. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) See footnotes at end of table. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Colorado. Connecticut: No. 7A for women and minors, 7B for adult males, Mar. 18, 1946. (Supersedes orders 7A and 7B of June 1, 1942.) No. 1A for women and minors, IB for adult males, Mar. 3, 1947. (Supersedes orders 1A and IB of Mar. 3, 1941.) http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank^__ r Louis of St. Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours Women and minors_______________ 65 cents an hour....... ................... Minors under 1812 Women 18 and over when overtime is permitted by the hour law. 50 cents an hour___ _________ IK times employee’s regular rate. If employee works a split shift............. 65 cents a day in addition to the minimum wage. 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi mum).11 Do.11 Over 8 a day or over 48 a week in an emergency as defined in order. (Deductions for meals or lodging permitted at prices specified in the order.) No change in orders. Mercantile trade, i. e., the wholesale or retail selling of commodities and any operation or service incidental thereto, such as buying, delivery, maintenance, repair, office, stock, and clerical work. Exceptions: Gasoline filling stations; selling of food or drink for consumption on the premises whether or not the establishment is devoted exclusively to such purpose unless the person is employed both to sell food or drink for consumption on the premises and to perform a service in the mercantile trade; persons working exclusive ly as outside salespeople who are paid in whole or in part on a commission basis. Women and minors; men: Full-time employees other than “minor beginners.” Part-time employees other than co operative students during training period and “minor beginners.” Part-time cooperative students (women and minors) enrolled in distributive education programs (6 months). Minor beginners 16 and under 18 years of age (6 months): Full-time employees............. .......... Part-time employees........... ........... All employees17--------- ------ -........... Beauty shop, i. e., any shop, store, or place, or part thereof, in which is conducted the busi ness of a hairdresser or cosmetician as defined in this State’s 1935 Statutes. Women and minors; men: 3-year operators, i. e., registered hair dressers and cosmeticians: Full time____________________ $22 a week.......... 36 to 44 a week.15 55 cents an hour. Less than 36 a week.1* 45 cents an hour. Do.1* $18 a week......................... ........... 45 cents an hour______ _____ _ IK times employee’s regular hourly rate.17 36 to 44 a week.15 Less than 36 a week.16 Over 44 a week.18 $28 a week. On 4 or more days a week irrespective of the hours worked on any day. 8 or less a day on 3 days a week or less. Over 44 a week or if part time worker over 8 a day.1® Part time. $5.50 a day. Overtime. 95 cents an hour. 2-year operators, i. e., licensed assist ant hairdressers and cosmeti cians; and clerks, i. e., appoint- A. 1_____ A. A STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS California—Continued No. 10 R, June 1, 1947.. Amusement and recreation, i. e., any indus try, business, or establishment operated for (Supersedes order 10 the purpose of furnishing entertainment or NS of Aug. 27, recreation to the public, including but not limited to theaters, night clubs, dance halls, 1943.) bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding academies, race tracks, amuse ment parks, athletic fields, swimming pools, gymnasiums, golf courses, tennis courts, carnivals, broadcasting studios, and wired music studios. Exception: Performers whose activities involve the exercise of artistic tal ent or athletic proficiency. Continued 'v * r L > w ment clerks, desk clerks, tele phone operators, bookkeepers, stenographers or typists, or other clerical workers: Full time......................................... Part time___________________ Overtime____________________ 1-year operators, i. e., licensed oper ators: Full time...................................... . Part time________ (Supersedes order 3 of Oct. 7,1940.) Cleaning and dyeing, i. e., cleaning, dyeing, redyeing, or pressing garments (including hats), upholstery, rugs, or any other fabrics, any process incidental thereto, including collecting and receiving such articles for the above purposes, of giving out or collecting such articles after they have been cleaned, dyed, redyed, or pressed. Exception: Any such process when carried on in establish ments manufacturing textiles or garments (including hats). No. 2, Sept. 29, 1947.... Laundry establishment includes any place in which any service in connection with any (Supersedes manda activity of the laundry occupation is per tory order 2 of formed for compensation, except in domes June 3,1940.) tic service. Laundry occupation, i. e., (1) washing, iron ing, or processing incidental thereto, of laundry wares and all other operations car ried on in establishments engaged in this business; (2) collecting, sale, resale, or dis tribution at retail or wholesale of laundry service and keeping of accounts, billing, and any other clerical work in connection there with; (3) producing of laundry service for their own use by business establishments, clubs, hospitals, or other public or private institutions except those completely sup ported by the State or municipalities. See footnotes at end of table. y * jp Same as shown for 3-year operators. 1 Maids, porters, and cleaners: Full time ... ____________ ____ Part time... Overtime Full-time workers voluntarily ab- Prorated______________ sent in any week. (Deductions for uniforms and maintenance of uniforms permitted, but in no case may the wage paid fall be low the minimum.) Women and minors: Experienced Inexperienced (13 weeks) 21................ Experienced and inexperienced____ 1J4 times employee's regular rate. Women and minors: Employees other than route saleswomen. 55 cents an hour........................... Any woman or minor. Exceptions: Executive employees (as defined) and route saleswomen. ltt times employee's regular rate. Do. 32 to 44 a week. Less than 32 a week. Over 44 a week.19 Actual time worked. 9 a day, 45 a week.29 Do.20 Over 45 a week.22 Up to and including 44 a week.16 9 a day, 48 a week. Over 44 a week.22 JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9 No. 3, June 2, 1947 r * (Any deduction for meals and lodging must be in accord ance with rates set by the Commissioner of Labor. No such deduction per mitted if employee is receiv ing training or new exper ience at a place other than the regular place of employ ment.) Oi ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 (Supersedes order 5 of July 5, 1938.) http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ ____ of St. Louis Federal Reserve Bankir_____ * Class of employees covered Public housekeeping, i. e., the work of host esses, waitresses, cooks, counter girls, salad girls, food checkers, bus girls, vegetable girls, dish and glass washers, kitchen help, cham bermaids, parlor maids, linen-room girls, cleaners, janitresses, charwomen, telephone operators, hat-check girls, elevator opera tors, cashiers, clerical workers, and all such nonprofessional workers as may be properly classified in this occupation in: (1) res taurants, either licensed or unlicensed, whether operated as the principal business of the employer or as a department or unit of another business, (2) lunch counters, (3) cafeterias, (4) catering or banquet or boxlunch service, (5) curb service, (6) boarding houses which offer meals for sale to 5 or more persons, (7) all other establishments where lunches, meals, or food in solid and/or liquid form are prepared for and served to the public, (8) hotels, (9) apartment houses, (10) rooming houses offering rooms for rent to 5 or more persons, (11) auto-camps, (12) clubs, (13) hospitals, (14) private schools, (15) colleges, (16) any other est ablishments offering rooms for rent to the public, and (17) women engaged in the care and servicing of apartment houses, theaters, office buildings, retail stores, and other similar establish ments as well as in those listed above. Women and minors: Hostesses, telephone operators, hatcheck girls, elevator operators, cashiers, clerical workers, and all similar workers. Counter girls, salad girls, food checkers, cooks, bus girls, and all similar workers. Chambermaids, parlor maids, linenroom girls, cleaners, janitresses, charwomen, vegetable girls, dish and glass washers, kitchen help, and all similar workers. Workers in all three classifications above. 40 to 48 a week.4 Do.4 Do.4 Less than 40 a week.* $17.90 a week; $22.30 where tipping is not allowed. 36 to 48 a week.4 Workers not covered by hour law... 5 cents in addition to the legal hourly rate. If employee works a split shift, or if 60 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. spread of hours exceeds 11, or both. Over 48 a week. (Deductions for meals, lodg ing, or uniforms permitted at prices specified in the order.) $22 a week 23___ ____ _______ Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., (1) the cleaning, pressing, finishing, refreshing, dyeing, or processing of any article of wear ing apparel (including hats), household fur nishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather (includ ing shoes), or fabric whatsoever; (2) collec tion, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale of any laundry, dry cleaning, or dyeing service; (3) the work performed by clerical workers and telephone operators in connection with the production and furnish- Over 16 and including 44 a week. 16 or less a week. •A -_____ i • • * _ A * STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS District of Columbia: No. 4, Jan. 1, 1946----(Supersedes order 4 of May 8,1938.) OS Hours Minimum-wage rates Occupation or industry covered v *■ 1 -'V « * * i l V ing of these services; (4) the production of laundry, dry cleaning, or dyeing services on its own behalf by any establishment, busi ness, institution, club, or hospital, which services may be incidental to its principal business. No. 3, June 16,1947....... (Supersedes order 3 of Feb. 14,1938.) Retail trade, i. e., the selling or offering for sale at retail of any goods, wares, merchan dise, articles, or things, and all occupations, operations, and services connected there with or incidental thereto. Women and minors: Operators and all other employees except maids and cleaners. Maids and cleaners Employee whose normal work week is 34 hours or more, volun tarily absent in any week. If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 10, or both. (For any uniform laundered by employee 50 cents addi tional must be paid.) $30.60 a week................................ 34 but not more than 44 a week. 95 cents an hour____ _________ Less than 34 a week. # 95 cents an hour____ _________ Over 44 a week. $24.50 a week................... ........... 34 but not more thajf44 week. 75 cents an hour............................ Less than 34 a week.® 75 cents an hour Over 44 a week. Basic minimum wage may be Actual time worked. prorated. 95 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. (If employee furnishes and launders uniforms, $1.50 a week must be added to minimum wage.) See footnotes at end of table. # JULY 1. 194 2— JANUARY 1, 1949 No. 6, Mar. 27, 1948___ Beauty culture includes all services, opera tions, or processes used or useful in the care, (Supersedes order 6 cleansing, or beautification of skin, nails, or of Sept. 26, 1938.) hair, or in the enhancement of personal ap pearance; and all services, operations, or processes incidental thereto. Women and minors....... ............ ......... $25 a week........ .......................... . 36 up to and including 44 a week. Employees whose normal workweek Basic minimum wage may be Actual time worked. is 36 hours or more, voluntarily ab prorated. sent in any week. Part time.............. ......... ............ .......... 65 cents an hour......................... Less than 36 a week.2* Student under 18 for whom certificate 55 cents an hour......................... . Do. is in employer’s file (9 months fol lowing original issuance of certificate). Overtime------------------------------------- 65 cents an hour........................... Over 44 a week.* If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day in addition to the spread of hours exceeds 10, or both. applicable minimum wage. % ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 >—Continued State, order, and effec tive date8 Occupation or industry covered http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ ______+ Federal Reserve Bank of St.T________ * Louis All employment. Exceptions: Public employ ment; persons at a guaranteed monthly sal ary of $150 or more; agricultural work in any workweek in which employer has fewer than 20 employees; domestic service; employment by relatives as specified in the act; work in a bona fide executive, administrative, super visory, or professional capacity or in the capacity of outside salesmen or as outside collectors; the propagating, catching, culti vating, etc., of fish, shellfish, and the various other aquatic forms of animal or vegetable life (including the going to and returning A 4________ ,____ 1___ 1 Hours Women and minors; Office, plant, and other employees except maids and cleaners. Do. ployer has student certificates on file (9 months following issuance of certificate). Employee whose normal working time is 32 hours or more, volun tarily absent in any week. Employee registered under the Dis trict of Columbia Apprenticeship Law for whom employer has ap prentice wage permit on file (12 months following date of applica tion). Hawaii: Revised Laws 1945, ch. 75, as amended by Act 15, session laws, 1945. Amended rates effective July 1,1945. Minimum-wage rates Basic minimum-wage may be prorated. Actual time worked. 80 percent of the minimum weekly rate. (If employee furnishes and launders uniform $1.50 a week must be added to tne minimum wage; if she laun ders only, $1; if she furnishes only, 50 cents.) All employees, 16 years of age and over. Over 48 a week. (Reasonable deductions from minimum wage permitted for board and for lodging.) ' A ____ M____ r____ L________^ ■ A____ *________A____ 11________ k____ STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS District of Columbia— Continued No. 8, Nov. 17, 1948___ Manufacturing and wholesaling includes the preparing, producing, or processing, or the selling or offering for sale at wholesale of any (Supersedes order 8 of June 5, 1939.) goods, wares, merchandise, articles, or com modities, and all occupations, operations, and services connected therewith or inci dental thereto. Class of employees covered A * v Illinois: No. 6*....................... . Directory. Aug. 12, 194?. * Y v* T7 from work and the loading and unloading oi such products prior to first processing); sea men; employments covered by the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act; members of a religious order or individuals donating their services to a hospital, religious, fraternal or charitable organization. Retail trade includes all establishments selling or offering for sale, at retail, to the consumer and not for resale purposes, any goods, wares, merchandise, articles, or things, and all oc cupations, operations, and services in con nection therewith or incidental thereto. Exception: Employees of above establish ments engaged in an occupation or industry governed by another minimum-wage order of the State.* Women and minors: Experienced........ Inexperienced (3 months or 600 hours of actual working time). 55 cents an hour. 45 cents an hour........................... 8 a day, 4S a week (maxi mum) .28 Do.26 (Deductions from minimum wage allowed only on per mit from Division of Wom en’s and Children’s Em ployment.) No wage rates now in effect. Kentucky: Directory, Oct. 1, 1942.. Hotels and restaurants___ _______________ Mandatory, Apr. 1, Hotels, i. e., establishments having more 1943. than 10 guest rooms which offer lodging accommodations for hire to the general (Included also in public and have transient guests. Bull. 191.) Restaurants, i. e., establishments prepar ing and offering for sale food for con sumption. Women and minors: Zone 1:27 Service employee, i. e., one en gaged in taking of orders and serving of food or beverages to guests or customers seated at tables; one delivering messages or articles, as a bell boy. Nonservice employee, i. e., one not in a service occupation. Zone 2:2r Service (see above).......................... Nonservice (see above)................... Zone 3: 27 Service (see above).......................... Nonservice (see above).................. 25 cents an hour... 37J^ cents an hour. Up to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.2® 30 cents an hour... 45 cents an hour... Up to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.28 23 cents an hour... 34M cents an hour. 28 cents an hour... 42 cents an hour... Up to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.28 U p to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.28 21 cents an hour... 31J^ cents an hour. 25 cents an hour... 37M cents an hour. Up to 50 a week. Over 50 a week.28 Up to 50 a week. Over 50 a week.28 Zone 4:27 Service (see above).......................... 20 cents an hour... 30 cents an hour... Nonservice (see above)................... 22 cents an hour... 33 cents an hour... JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 Kansas. f Up to 52 a week. Over 52 a week.28 Up to 52 a week. Over 52 a week.28 * Order declared void by Circuit Court of Sangamon County, June 1949. See footnotes at end of table. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive date 2 (Supersedes order of June 1,1939.) All occupations. Exceptions: Labor on a farm; domestic service in home of the employer; firms subject to regulation by the State Pub lic Service Commission; employment under any special State wage order. (Two special minimum-wage orders are currently in effect: (1) the laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing order; (2) the hotel and restaurant order.) Class of employees covered Women and minors:29 Experienced: Minimum-wage rates Hours Up to 48 a week. Do. Do. Over 48 a week.28 V/i times minimum rate............ (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted only when employee is domiciled with employer and a written agreement made as to any such deductions. Order specifies maximum charge for meals and for lodging.) No orders issued. No change in order. Massachusetts: Session laws 1946, ch. 545, Sept. 11, 1946. Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law and existing orders extended to men. Candy, includes all activities, services, and processes performed by an employee for an employer or his agent in the manufacture of candy and confections, including the mak ing, preparing, processing, handling, and in specting of such goods or materials, and all activities in any manner connected there with, such as wrapping, packaging, or prep aration for sale or display thereof. Excep tions: Occupations within the industry cov ered by another minimum-wage order. Women and minors; men: No. 23......... ................... Beauty culture, i. e., all services, operations, or processes used or useful in the care, cleans Directory, Nov. 1, ing, or beautification of skin, nails, or hair, 1942. or in the enhancement of personal appear Mandatory, Apr. 1, ance, or as in the General Laws pertaining 1943. to Hairdressers. (Supersedes order 23 of June 1,1940.) Women and minors; men: Directory, Sept. 15. 1942. Mandatory, Mar. 1, 1943. (Supersedes order 6 of Oct. 1, 1937.) http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bankt___i______ a _____ of St. Louis ___ i______ i___ I___i______ * Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week.80 Do.30 Inexperienced (12 months for dip pers, stringers, miniature packers; 6 months for other occupations). (Deductions from minimum wage allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Com mission are obtained.) Inexperienced: Employee voluntarily absent in any week. ■* >______ i Over 32 a week.30 Over 32 a week.80 $12 a week $15 a week_________ ___ _____ Over 32 a week.30 Actual time worked. 1______ V * <_____ *■ STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Kentucky—Continued Directory, Feb. 8, 1947. Mandatory, May 27, 1947. Occupation or industry covered Continued »-----6*—699SS8 7 * ~ V * ' L + 'y Y * 7 L *---- W---- *---------- ?----- y V7 (Deductions from minimum wage or bringing higher wages below the minimum allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Commis sion are obt ained.) .15-A, Oct. 1, 1944. Bread and bakery products, includes all activ ities, services, and processes performed by an employee in the manufacture of bread, doughnuts, biscuits, crackers, and other bakery products, including the making, pre paring, processing, handling, and inspec tion of such goods or materials; wrapping, packaging, and preparation for sale or dis play thereof, and all other activities inci dental thereto or in any manner connected therewith. Exceptions: Occupations within the industry covered by another minimumwage order. See footnotes at end of table. Supersedes order 15 of Nov. 1, 1938.) Women and minors; men. 40 cents an hour.......................... . Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a (Deductions bringing wage week.*011 below minimum allowed only if consent of em ployee and approval of M inimum-Wage Commis sion are obtained. Deductions from minimum wage for meals and lodging permitted if employee de sires these accommodations. Maximum charges specified in the order.) Women'and minors; men 40 cents an hour.. (Deductions bringing wage below minimum allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Commission are ob tained.) Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week. JULY 1, 19 4 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 No. 1—A, Feb. 1,1944.. Laundry and dry cleaning: Laundry includes any activity connected (Supersedes order 1 of with the washing, ironing, or processing Oct. 1, 1937.) incidental thereto, for compensation, of clothing, napery, blankets, bed clothing, or fabric of any kind; the collecting, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or whole sale of laundry services; the producing of laundry service for their own use by busi ness establishments, hospitals, clubs, col leges, private schools or profit-making institutions; or any other employment connected with the laundry industry. Dry cleaning includes any activity con nected with cleaning and dyeing, wet cleaning incidental to dry cleaning, dye ing, spotting, finishing, pressing, receiv ing, shipping or packaging, repairing, altering, or storing of any fabric which is rendered for hire, sold, resold, or offered for sale or resale incidental to this indus try; or the collecting, sale, resale, or dis tribution at retail or wholesale of dry cleaning services; or any other employ ment connected with the dry cleaning industry. Exceptions: Occupations within industry covered by another minimum-wage order. to ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive date 2 (Supersedes order 24 of Aug. 1,1941.) 0.25-A............... . Directory, Dec. 1, 1947. Mandatory, Mar. 2, 1948. (Supersedes and ex tends coverage of order 25 of Apr. 15, 1942, and transfers from order 21 of Dec. 1, 1940, em ployees in estab lishments now cov- http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bankv- St. Louis of Class of employees covered Clerical, technical, and similar occupations, i. e., all occupations in any general, business, professional, or technical office or in any laboratory, hospital, library, school, tele phone, telegraph, or radio broadcasting establishment, or in messenger service, or other establishments wherein workers are employed in any capacity in which the services of any kind and wheresoever per formed are of a clerical or technical character. Exceptions: Such occupations if specifically covered by another minimum-wage order. Workers in clerical, technical, and similar occupations include those persons whose duties are related to general office work in any establishment, whether business, medi cal, dental, technical, or legal, such as office boys or girls, file clerks, general office clerks, stenographers, typists, bookkeepers, cash iers, various office machine operators, tele phone and switchboard operators, recep tionists, library workers, dental and medical technicians, and laboratory assistants. Messengers defined as employees who sort and distribute incoming mail, collect, enclose, stamp, and seal outgoing mail, deliver or obtain letters, messages, packages, docu ments, records, and other items to or from offices within the establishment or to and from other business concerns. Women and minors; men:32 Experienced (other than messen gers). Public houskeeping, i. e., any activity in establishments directly or indirectly con nected with the preparation of and offering of food or beverages for human consumption; and the offering or furnishing of rooms or lodgings for remuneration, either to the public, employees, members or guests of members, paying guests, students, or others, whether such service is operating as the principal business of the employer or as a unit of another business. Public housekeeping occupations include the work performed by waitresses, cooks, count er and salad workers, food checkers, bus Women and minors; men: N onservice employees...................... k « to Minimum-wage rates 60 cents an hour. Hours Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a vfeek.30 33 Do.30 33 Inexperienced (other than messen- 55 cents an hour. gers) (800 hours in the occupations). All messengers______________________ do____ ____ Do.30 33 (Deductions bringing wage below the minimum allowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Commission are ob tained. Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at prices specified in the order. If employee launders uni forms, 25 cents per uniform must be added to minimum wage.) 50 cents an hour___ 55 cents an hour___ Service employees................. ............. 35 cents an hour___ 40 cents an hour___ Full-time workers voluntarily ab Regular hourly rate. sent in any week or part-time workers employed 40 hours or (Deductions for meals and more in week. lodging permitted at prices specified in the order. If employee launders uniforms, 25 cents per uniform must be added to minimum wage.) V 4 i 40 or over a week.3® Less than 40 a week.33 40 or over a week.30 Less than 40 a week.33 For each hour worked. A STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Massachusetts— C on. No. 24-A Directory, Oct. 15, 1946. Mandatory, Mar. 1, 1947. Occupation or industry covered to Continued x i ered by the Public Housekeeping or der.) 1 f * ' ^ j- ~ v * 1 i ' y v No. 26-A........................ Mercantile, i. e., any industry or business con Directory, July 1,1948nected with or operated for the purpose of Mandatory, Oct. 1, selling, purchasing, or distributing mer chandise, wares, goods, articles, services, or 1948. commodities to retailers, wholesalers, in (Supersedes orders 3 dustrial, commercial, or industrial users. Includes all work connected with the solicit of Oct. 1, 1937 and 26 of June 16, 1945.) ing of sales or opportunities for sales, or the distributing of such merchandise, wares, etc., and the rendering of services incidental to the sales, use, or upkeep of same, whether performed on employer’s premises or elsewhere. Order applies to all functions within mer cantile occupations not specifically governed by another Massachusetts minimum-wage order. Salespersons in both laundry and dry-cleaning establishments are transferred from coverage of the order for those indus tries (see No. 1-A above) and brought under the provisions of this present order. Exceptions: Occupations determined by the Minimum Wage Commission to be of such a nature that it is impossible for employer to keep true records of the number ol hours worked by the employee. Employer must have exemption permit. Women and minors; men:82 Full-time employees: Experienced.................... 36 but not more than 44 a week.35. Over 44 a week.3® 36 but not more than 44 a week.35 50 cents an hour........................... Over 44 a week.3® $22.50 a wreek______ _________ Inexperienced (1,040 hours)34. 55 cents an hour $20.50 a week------------------------ Part-time employees: Experienced_____________ Inexperienced (1,040 hours)31. 55 cents an hour........................... 50 cents an hour_______ _____ (Deductions bringing wage below the minimum al lowed only if consent of employee and approval of Minimum Wage Commis sion are obtained.) Less than 36 a week.33 Do.33 JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 and vegetable workers, dish and glass wash ers, kitchen help, maids, cleaners, chamber maids, housekeepers, housemen, stewards, parlor maids, linen-room girls, check-room attendants, matrons, hosts, hostesses, eleva tor operators, and janitors. Classification covers, but is not limited to all nonprofes sional workers engaged in public housekeep ing establishments. Exceptions: Occupa tions within the industry covered by another minimum-wage order. Establishments include restaurants, fountain lunch counters, cafeterias, caterers, and all other establishments where lunches, meals, or food in solid and/or liquid form are pre pared for and served to the public or to be consumed on the premises; hotels, tourists’ camps, clubs, hospitals, private schools, colleges, and other establishments offering rooms for rent. See footnotes at end of table. to 00 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued State, order, and effec tive date3 and services performed in connection with a business or enterprise engaged in or operated for the purpose of furnishing entertainment or recreation to the public, including but not limited to motion-picture and other theaters, night clubs, dance halls, bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding acade mies, race tracks, amusement parks and cen ters, athletic fields, ball parks and stadiums, swimming pools and beaches, gymnasiums, golf courses, tennis courts, carnivals, circuses, broadcasting studios, boathouses, arenas, and other similar establishments. Term includes work performed by ushers, at tendants, announcers, pin boys; ticket collectors, sellers, or punchers; billiard rack men, game attendants, amusement machine operators, caddies, and doormen. Excep tions: Performers whose activities involve exercise of artistic talent or athletic profi ciency; students or members participating in any activities conducted by summer camps for children under 18; schools, colleges, reli gious or other nonprofit organizations de clared exempt by the Minimum Wage Commission; occupations within the in dustry covered by another minimum-wage order. Minnesota: No. 18, June 30, 1947.... Retail merchandising business, i. e., the trade of selling any commodity, article, goods, (Separates this in dustry from the All Occupations order of July 11. 1938.) Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates (») m (»*) m Caddies: Inexperienced (one who has “car ried” for less than fifteen 18-hole rounds of golf). Hours (Deductions bringing wage below the minimum al lowed only if consent of em ployee and approval of Minimum Wage Commis sion are obtained. Deductions for meals and lodg ing permitted; maximum prices specified in the order.) Women and minors: Experienced: not for the purpose of resale in any form. I Less than 36 a week. 1 Same as for class A and B | cities. ) [ Do. Inexperienced, 18 years of age or over: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of_ I_____ Jt__ 4_ *______ i___ 1__ 2._____^_____ 1_St. Louis _ ±___ h______ i___1___ L_____ k__ k__ 1______ 1___ t___ i. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Massachusetts—C on. No. 27________ Directory, Oct. 1, 1948. Mandatory, Feb. 1, 1949. Occupation or industry covered W Class A and Class B cities:39 $19 a week........ . First 3 months............................ . 40 cents an hour. ___do........ ........ $20.50 a week_ _ 45 cents an hour. Second 3 months.......................... ___do............ •Same as for experienced. Do. Class C cities:39 $17.50 a week First 3 months............................ <37 cents an horn........................... ___do..................... .................... $19 a week________ ______ ___ <40 cents an hour........................ . Second 3 months..................... .... ___ do.......................... ...... ........ . Class D cities:39 $16 a week..................................... First 3 months............................. 34 cents an hour...................... . Second 3 months................ ........ Minors under 18 years of age in each class of cities. Nevada: Wage fixed in law. Rates effective Mar. 22, 1945. (1941 Supp. to Compiled Laws, secs. 2825.45-46; session laws: 1943, ch. 88; 1945, ch. 166.) Private employment. Exception: Domestic service. New Hampshire: No. 5-A, Dec. 30, 1946.. Retail trade, i. e., any retail establishment or any retail activity, unless and until the (Supersedes order 5 of specific employment is governed by a mini Jan. 6,1941.) mum-wage order other than this general retail trade order. See footnotes at end of table. Females: •Experienced. Inexperienced (3 months) All. Women and minors: Experienced.......................... Inexperienced (6 months) 42. I ___do................. ......................... . $17.50 a week.......1........ .............. 37 cents an hour______ _______ (Deductions for meals al ___do_____ ________________ Rates lowed.as Amounts speci same for inexperienced fied months. in first 3in order.) Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. $4 a day, $24 a week....... ............. 8 a day, 48 a week. 50 cents an hour........................... Less than 8 a day; less than 48 a week, ii $3 a day, $18 a week (if stipu 8 a day, 48 a week. lated by employer and em ployee). times employees ’regular rate. Over 8 to 12 a day; over 48 to 56 a week (in emergen (Deductions for meals and/or cies as specified). lodging allowed as specified in the law.) 50 cents and hour......................... 35 cents an hour............................ 10a day, 54 a week (maxi mum).8 *i Do.5 <i ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered No. 7, Oct. 23, 194«. (Supersedes orders 1 (laundry) of July 11, 1938 and 4 (cleaning and dyeing) of May 6, 1940.) Laundry and cleaning and dyeing, i. e., any activity in any capacity in the marking, sorting, washing, cleansing, collecting, iron ing, assembling, packaging, pressing, receiv ing, shipping, or delivery, or any other ac tivity, including clerical work, directly in cidental or essential to the laundering, cleansing, or renovating of any article of clothing, napery, blankets, rugs, carpets, draperies, bed clothing, fabric, textile, fur, or leather, when such activity is not performed in the original process of manufacture. The term “clerk” includes employees coming under the jurisdiction of this order, who are engaged only in clerical or accounting work, regardless of where such work is performed, or engaged in selling of cleaning, dyeing, laundry, and other kindred services in retail outlets, including the handling of the same, for the purpose of receipt or delivery over a store counter, but not engaged in any other processing of such articles. http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ t___ Louis Federal Reserve Bank of St.r________ ,___ a___ j________ ,___ z:___ > Women and minors: Service employees, i. e., employees whose duties relate solely to the serving of food to patrons seated at tables, or at tables and counters in establishments where all food is prepared in a kitchen separate from the room in which food is served, and to the performance of duties incidental thereto, and who customarily receive gratuities from such patrons. Nonservice employees, i. e., employ• ees not in service group. If employee works a split shift or spread of hours exceeds 10 a day. Minimum-wage rates 32)4 cents an hour 44. 35)4 cents an hour__ 48)4 cents an hour__ to O Hours 24 up to 48 a week. Less than 24 a week.3 Over 48 a week.45 45 cents an hour44.............. ......... 24 up to 48 a week. 48 cents an hour......................... Less than 24 a week.5 67)4 cents an hour------------------ Over 48 a week.45 50 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. (Deductions for meals of both service and nonservice em ployees and for meals and lodging of residential employ ees allowed as specified in the order.) Women and minors: Other than clerks (18 years and over): Zone A 46......................................... . 50 cents an hour iT. Zone B 46_______ Clerks (18 and over). Minors under 18. 10 a day, 54 a week (maxi mum for laundries).24 45 cents an hour 4? Do.24 $22 a week--------------------------- 30 to 48 a week.24 At hourly minimum rate appli Less than 30 a week.24 cable to nonclerical workers. .......do............................................ 8 a day, 40 a week (maximum). _____l____l____ L,______ __________ i________ v*____ a________ t STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS New Jersey: No. 5, Jan. 10, 1943.— Beauty culture (For provisions see Bull. 191, p. 30.) No. 6, Aug. 13, 1943....... Restaurant, i. e., any eating or drinking place which prepares and offers food or beverage for human consumption either on any of its premises or by such service as catering, ban quets, box lunch, or curb service, to the pub lic, to employees, or to members or guests of members. Exceptions: Person working in a nonprofit institution who, while so working, receives from such institution benefits of a charitable or educational nature or instruc tion and training in a recognized profession and whose work for such institution is an incident of his or her receipt of such bene fits; persons subject to the provisions of another minimum-wage order of the State.43 Class of employees covered Continued * New York: Session laws 1944. ch. 792, July 1, 1944. No. 7—................... . Directory, Nov. 12, 1945. Mandatory, May 19, 1947. ” T 1 \ A V ’ Y V Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law extended to men. No. 1-a, Oct. 19, 1947... Laundry, includes (a) the washing of fabrics or textiles of any kind whatsoever and the (Supersedes order 1 as ironing, pressing, repairing or processing in revised June 15, cidental to such washing; (6) the collection, 1940.) distribution, or rental at wholesale or retail of the articles so processed; (c) the engaging in any of the processes mentioned in (a) or (6) above for their own use by business es tablishments, clubs, or institutions except where the processing is incidental to the manufacture or sale of a commodity; (d) all occupations, operations, and services in con nection with or incidental to the processes mentioned above. Exception: Laundry em ployee in a week when working solely at a nonlaundry occupation covered by another minimum-wage order of the State. Over 30 and up to 40 a week. Actual time worked. Employee whose normal hours are over 30 and up to 40, taking volun tary leave in any week. Cooperative students and pharmacy apprentices. Up to and including 48 a week. Over 48 a week.48 30 or less a week.24 Overtime: In communities having a popula tion of: • 75 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. Women and minors; men: Over 30 but not more than 40 a week. From fortieth to forty-first hour of workweek. Over 41 a week.43 Actual time worked. In cases of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of plant, as specified. Over 30 but not more than 40 a week. From fortieth to forty-first hour of workweek. Over 41 a week.48 Actual time worked. In cases of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of plant, as specified. Employees whose normal workweek is 30 hours or less: Do.5 Do.5 (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at rates specified in order. Special permit required before an employer may charge em ployeesfor cost of uniforms. See footnotes at end of table. Over 40 a week.4® Over 40 but not more than 44 a week. Over 44 a week.4® Over 40 but not more than 48 a week. Over 48 a week.4® JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 Retail trade, i. e., selling or offering for sale at retail and/or wholesale any goods, wares, merchandise, articles or things, and all occu pations, operations, and services in connec tion therewith or incidental thereto. Ex ceptions: Establishment engaged solely in wholesale trade; employment exclusively at wholesale in an establishment engaged in both wholesale and retail trade which real izes less than 25 percent of its gross annual receipts from retail sales; employees in any workweek when employed solely at an oc cupation or in any industry governed by an other minimum-wage order of the State. If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 11, or both. * to ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Minimum-wage rates Women and minors; men: Employees other than maids and cleaning women: Experienced: Full time:« Over 40 and including 44 a week. In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. Actual time worked. Over 40 and including 44 a week. In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. Part time: $3.48 a day 33 Zone II32.................................. • Hours $3.12 a day 33 Learners (6 months): Full time:81 73 cents an hour In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. ,___A___ A________ i____ Zl___ i_______ ^_______ A____ k________ _____ I____ t________i___ A____ 1 Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.48 Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.48 Over 40 and including 44 a week. Actual time worked. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS New York—Continued No. 2-a, Oct. 19, 1947... Beauty service, includes all establishments which perform services or operations in the (Supersedes order 2 of care, cleansing, or beautification of the skin, nails, or hair, or in the enhancement of per Mar. 27, 1939.) sonal appearance of women and children, and also services or operations incidental thereto. Order covers all occupations including but not limited to maids, cleaning women, cashiers, receptionists, appointment clerks and cleri cal workers. Exceptions: Barbers, manicur ists, or other workers in barber shops which perform services primarily for men; beauty service employee in a week when working solely at a nonbeauty service occupation covered by another minimum-wage order of the State. Class of employees covered X »- Y ^ ' v v ^ 7 i Zone II52. 835669—49---- 4 In case of voluntary leave, new employees, or total stoppage of business, as specified. Part time: Zone I52.............................. — Zone II52. W---- ’---------- ----- f---- V 79K cents an hour. 53 cents an hour.. _ 40 or less a week. Over 40 and including 44 a week. Over 44 a week.** Actual time worked. $6.24 a day...........$3.12 a day 63____ 88 cents an hour... $5.65 a day______ $2.83 a day 83____ 79% cents an hour. Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.48 Over 4 but not over 8 a day. 4 or less a day. Over 8 a day.48 $23.40 a week......... 58H cents an hour. 35 but not over 40 a week. Less than 35 but over 18 week. Up to and including 18 week. Over 40 a week.48 35 but not over 40 a week. Less than 35 but over 18 week. Up to and including 18 week. Over 40 a week.48 $21.20 a week........ 66J4 cents an hour. 75 cents an hour—. Zone II52. 75 cents an hour... $21.20 a week____ 53 cents an hour— 67M cents an hour. 67cents an hour. (Deductions for meals and lodging permitted at rates specified in order. Actual cost of uniforms may be charged against em ployee’s wage but only to extent that such wage ex ceeds minimum.) See footnotes at end of table. a a a a JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 Maids and cleaning women: Zone 152............................. V.--------- * ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 •—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 New York—Continued No. 3-a, Nov. 30,1947. Class of employees covered Confectionery, includes all activities, services, and processes in the manufacture, prepara tion, and packaging of candy, confections, sweetmeats, chewing gum, sweetened cough drops, and sugared nuts; all occupations nec essary to the production of the articles speci fied, including but not limited to office, clerical, maintenance, wrapping, packaging, and shipping. Exception: Confectionery employee in a week when working solely at a nonconfectionery occupation covered by another minimum-wage order of the State. Women and minors; men____ ______ Minimum-wage rates Establishments employing 9 or more confectionery workers in any week: From Sept. 1 to Apr. 1 From Apr. 1 to Sept. 1__ ____ _ Establishments employing 8 or fewer confectionery workers. No. 4-a, Noy. 30,1947.. Cleaning and dyeing includes (a) all types of cleaning, dyeing, pressing, or processing in(Supersedes directory cidental thereto, of materials belonging to the order 4 of May 8, ultimate consumer, i. e., clothing, hats, 1939, which became household furnishings, rugs, textiles, furs, mandatory Feb. 14, leather, upholstered goods, or fabrics of any 1944.) kind whatsoever; (6) the soliciting, collect ing, selling, reselling, or distributing at re tail or wholesale of cleaning, dyeing, and pressing services; (c) all office, clerical, pack ing, or other occupations (including plant Women and minors; men: Full-time employees........... ......... . Hours 57% cents an hour; $23 a week___ 8 a day, 40 a week.24 Over 8 a day or over 40 a week; if both, whichever total is greater.48 3 days or less in week having 3 or more workdays. $18.40 a week 54_____ _________ If called to work on 4th day, regardless of whether a work assignment is given. $18.40 plus 57% cents for each On more than 4 days in any hour worked beyond the 4th workweek. day up to and including the 40th hour.54 2 days or less in week having 2 or more workdays. If called to work on third day, regardless of whether a work assignment is given. $13.80 plus 57% cents for each On more than 3 days in any hour worked beyond the third workweek. day up to and including the 40th hour.54 24 or less a week at direction of employer.24 57% cents an hour........................ Over 24 up to and including 40 a week. 93% cents an hour___ ________ Over 8 in any day when workweek is 24 or less. 57Mi cents an hour Part-time employees In cases of voluntary leave, new employees, total stoppage of plant. If employee works a split shift.......... 86 cents an hour for each hour worked on day a split shift occurs. 24 to 30 a week. Less than 24 a week.5 Actual time worked. • STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS (Supersedes directory order 3 of Nov. 14, 1938, which became mandatory May 1, 1944.) Occupation or industry covered 00 naintenance) incidental or related to the processes described in (a) and (&) above. Exceptions: Cleaning, dyeing, or pressing when a process in the manufacture of new materials or of second-hand materials being processed for resale; establishments insofar as they are covered by the laundry mini mum-wage order; employee in a cleaning and dyeing establishment in a week when working solely at a noncleaning and dyeing occupation covered by another mini mum-wage order of the State. Women and minors; men: Service employees: New York City--------------------- Communities of 10,000 or over, ex cept New York City. Communities of less than 10,000... Nonservice (counter waitresses us ually nonservice, but exception made on permit): New York City Communities of 10,000 or over, ex cept New York City. Communities of less than 10,000... Service and nonservice: Part time.................. ......................- 32 cents an hour and meals. 31 cents an hour and meals. 30 cents an hour and meals. 52 cents an hour and meals......... 51 cents an hour and meals-----50 cents an hour and meals 4 cents additional for each hour worked up to 24 a week. Overtime. ........................................ ltt times applicable minimum rate. If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day “in addition to the hourly wages earned.” spread of hours exceeds 10, or both. If meals not furnished to employee- 10 cents an hour additional for each hour worked. (Deductions allowed for lodg ing. . In lieu of laundering uni forms, employer may elect to pay employee regularly an additional 3 cents per hour.) See footnotes at end of table. Over 24 to 45 a week.48 Do.85 Do.88 Over 24 to 45 a week.88 Do.88 Do.88 30 or less a week, at direction of employer.88 Over 45 a week.48 JULY 1, 19 4 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 No. 5-a, Nov. 30, 1947.. Restaurant, i. e., any eating or drinking place which prepares and offers food or beverages for human consumption either on any of its (Supersedes directory premises or by such service as catering, ban order 5 of June 3, quet, box lunch, or curb service, to the pub 1940, which became lic, to employees, or to members or guests of mandatory July 17, members; and services in connection there 1944.) with or incidental thereto. Exceptions: Eat ing or drinking places operated by estab lishments customarily offering lodging ac commodations of 5 or more rooms to the public; establishments where the service of food or beverage is not available to the public but is incidental to instruction, medical care, religious observance, or to the care of handicapped or destitute persons, or other public charges; restaurant employee in a week when working solely at an occupation or in any industry governed by another mini mum-wage order of the State. ANALYSIS OP STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 >—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 to Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered Women and minors; men: All-year hotels: Nonresidential employees: Service employees: In communities having pop ulation of: 1,000,000 or more 25,000 to 1,000,000 Less than 25,000________ Nonservice, i. e., other than service employees (counter waitresses usually nonserv ice, but exception made on permit): In communities having pop ulation of: 1,000,000 or more _ 25,000 to 1,000,000____ Less than 25,000 Service and nonservice: Part time__________ If employee works a split shift, or spread of hours exceeds 10, or both. Residential employees: In communities having popula tion of: 1,000,000 or more: If lodging but no meals furnished. If lodging and meals fur nished. 25,000 to 1,000,000: If lodging but no meals furnished. If lodging and meals fur nished. Less than 25,000: If lodging but no meals furnished. Minimum-wage rates Hours Over 24 to 45 a week.” Do.55 Do.” 54 cents an hour................ _ Do.” Do.” Do.” 3 cents in addition to the appli cable minimum rate for each hour worked up to 24 a week; applicable minimum rate for 24 to 30 hours. 50 cents a day in addition to the hourly wages earned (not applicable to residential em ployees). 30 or less a week (at direction of employer).” $21.75 a week. 45 a week or less. $16.35 a week. Do. $20.75 a week. Do. $15.35 a week. Do. $19.75 a week. Do. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS New York—Continued No. 6-a, Nov. 30, 1947.- Hotel, i. e., any establishment which, as a whole or part of its business activities, offers (Supersedes directory lodging accommodations for hire to the pub order 6 of Nov. 25, lic, to employees, or to members or guests of 1940, which became members, and services in connection there mandatory July 17, with or incidental thereto. Exceptions: Eat 1944.) ing or drinking places customarily offering lodging accommodations of less than 5 rooms to the public, to employees, or to members or guests of members; establishments in which lodging is incidental to instruction, medical care, religious observance, or to the care of handicapped or destitute persons, or other public charges; caddies; camp coun selors in children’s camps, and employees who assist them and receive supervision and training as part compensation; enrolled stu dents in a recognized college, university, or vocational high school who must acquire ex perience through employment in a hotel; campers working 4 hours or less a day in a children’s camp; hotel employee in a week when working solely at an occupation or in an industry covered by another minimumwage order of the State. CO T If lodging and meals fur nished. Both residential and nonresidential employees. Resort hotels:48 Service............... -............................ Chambermaids............................... Nonservice.......... ............................ Employees working 3 days or less in any week. All employees................................. North Dakota: No. 1, May 6, 1946----(Supersedes order 1 of Dec. 16, 1932, as amended June 15, 1939.) Public housekeeping, i. e., the work of wait resses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms, boarding houses, bars, and taverns, and all attendants employed at ice-cream, lightlunch, and refreshment stands, steam table or counter work in cafeterias and delicates sens where freshly cooked foods are served; the work of chambermaids in hotels, lodging houses, and boarding houses; the work of janitresses, car cleaners, and kitchen work ers in hotels and restaurants; and elevator operators. No. 3, May 9,1946....... . Mercantile, i. e., work in establishments oper ated for the purpose of trade in the purchase or sale of any goods or merchandise includ (Supersedes order 3 ing the sales force, wrapping force, auditing of Dec. 16, 1932, re or checking force, the shippers in the mail printed Aug. 15, order department, the receiving, marking, 1939.) and stockroom employees, and all other women, except those performing office duties solely. 1)4 times basic minimum rate applicable to employee. Do. Over 45 a week.48 $16 a week----------- ------ ---------- I Over 3 and including 6 days $19 a week. .................................. | a week. $22 a week........ ......................... Ho of the applicable weekly Hours actually worked.33 25 percent of applicable weekly On seventh consecutive day. wage or compensatory time as specified. Prorated........................................ Actual time worked. (Deductions from minimum wage allowed for meals fur nished to nonresidential em ployees of all-year hotels and for lodging and/or meals of resort-hotel employees. Rates specified in order.) Women: Eull-time employees: Waitresses or counter girls. $17.43 a week; $75.53 a month... 9 a day, 58 a week in towns under 500 population; 8H a day, 48 a week elsewhere (maximum). Do. _ Chambermaids or kitchen help— $16.61 a week; $71.98 a month_ For each hour worked. Part-time employees........................... J4s of weekly wage---------------(Deductions allowed for meals, lodging, or both, as specified in order.) Women: Full-time employees: Experienced....... . Inexperienced (1 year)56. Part-time employees......... JULY 1, 1 9 4 2 — JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9 Employees in resort hotels and residential employees in all year hotels: In cases of voluntary leave; em ployees hired, dismissed, or whose employment terminates within the week; stoppage of service in establishment, as specified. $14.35 a week................................. 9 a day, 54 a week in towns under 500 population; 8)4 a day, 48 a week elsewhere (maximum). Do. $14.04 a week; $60.84 a month— For each hour worked. Hs of weekly wage $16.90 a week; $73.23 a month__ See footnotes at end of table. CO CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2. Occupation or industry covered Women: Inexperienced:50 Hours $18 a week, $78 a month (with laundry privileges at 33 H per cent, not to exceed $5 max imum per week). $14 a week, $60.65 a month (with laundry privileges as above). $16 a week, $69.35 a month (with laundry privileges as above). 1/48 of weekly minimum for each hour worked. 1/38 of weekly minimum for each hour worked. No change in orders. Oregon: No. 10, July 22,1941 Minimum-wage rates Any occupation................ ................... ............... Minors (persons under 18 years of age)_ (57) Do. Do. 32 and under 38 a week. 8 a day, 44 a week. (Supersedes order 9 of July 22, 1941.) No. 11, Aug. 1, 1942___ (Supersedes order 10 of July 22, 1941.) 1M employee’s regular rate___ Processing, bleaching, grading, and packing. No. 2, June 8,1946 ... (Supersedes orders of Apr. 1, 1942 and Aug. 27, 1943, and order 2 of June 20, 1944.) No. 7, Feb. 15, 1947 (Supersedes orders 6 of July 22,1941, and 1A employee’s regular rate 8 a day, 44 a week. Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency. 10 a day, 60 a week. Over 10 a day, over 60 a week in emergency. Canning, dehydrating, and barreling oper ations, i. e., work in the canning or process ing of fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, shellfish, or Crustacea, or in the barreling or preserving of fresh fruit and berries. Exception: Farmer who processes only the product of his own farm. 10 a day. Over 10 to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Seventh day—First 8 hours. Time and a half......... .................. Seventh day—Over 8 to 12 hours. Seventh day—Over 12 hours. Laundry, cleaning and dyeing, i. e., work in places where two or more persons are employed in the process of receiving, marking, washing, cleaning, dyeing, ironing, and dis- 8 a day, 44 a week. Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS ' AND ORDERS North Dakota—Con. No. 4, Mar. 10, 1947___ Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., any place where clothes are washed, cleaned, or dyed (Supersedes order 4 of by any process, by any person, firm, institu Dec. 16, 1932, re tion, corporation, or association; all proc printed Aug. 15, esses connected with the receiving, mark 1939.) ing, washing, cleaning, ironing, and dis tribution of washable or cleanable materials; work performed in laundry departments of hotels and factories. Class of employees covered 7 of June 13, 1944.) tributing clothing and materials. No. 14, Jan. 13, 1948----- Public housekeeping, includes work of waitresses, cooks, counter and salad workers, (Supersedes orders 13 food checkers, bus and vegetable workers, of July 22,1941, and dish and glass washers, kitchen help, maids, 14 of June 13, 1944.) chambermaids, housekeepers, barmaids, linen-room girls, cleaners, janitresses and janitors, charwomen and housemen, check room attendants, matrons, elevator oper ators, and all others employed in hotels, restaurants, boarding houses offering meals for sale to the public, rooming houses offer ing rooms for rent, apartment houses, auto camps, cafeterias, light-lunch stands, retail candy, ice-cream and soft-drink parlors, deli catessens, beer parlors, and clubs (private and public), as well as matrons, car cleaners in transportation industries and other work of like nature. Women and minors: Experienced............. .................. ........ No. 9, May 5, 1948........ Mercantile, includes work in any business or establishment operated for the purpose of (Supersedes orders 8 purchasing, selling, or distributing goods or of July 22,1941, and commodities at wholesale or retail. 8 of July 15, 1944.) Women and minors: Experienced.................................... 8 a day, 44 a week.” Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. Inexperienced: m First 200 hours....... ......................... 8 a day, 44 a week.11 Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. 8 a day, 44 a week.11 Over s a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. Next 200 hours................... ......... __ JULY X, Inexperienced (400 hours).................. Regular employees............................. No. 8, Oct. 19, 1948........ Manufacturing, i. e., any industry, business, ... _ , , or establishment operated for the purpose of (Supersedes order 7 of preparing, producing, making, altering, reJuly 22, 1941.) pairing, finishing, processing, inspecting, handling, assembling, wrapping, bottling, or packaging goods, articles, or commodities, in whole or in part. Exceptions: Any such activity covered by another minimum-wage order of the State: women employed in administrative, executive, or professional capacities, defined as: (1) Work predomi nantly intellectual, managerial or creative, which requires exercise of discretion and independent judgment and for which the remuneration is not less than $200 a month; or (2) employees licensed or certified by the State who are engaged in the practice of any 1 of the recognized professions. See footnotes at end of table. Students working only after school or on Saturdays (800 hours). Women and minors Regularly employed woman or minor Any woman or minor. ' wm 1 Vi employee’s regular rate or 1H the minimum. as -p-' • m e w 8 a day, 44 a week.ss Sundays or legal holidays (unless Sunday in regu larly scheduled workweek). Over 8 a day or over 44 a week in emergency, on per mit. 1942— JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9 8 a day, 44 a week.11 Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. 8 a day, 44 a week.11 Over 8 a day, over 44 a week in emergency on permit. Sundays or legal holidays (unless establishment reg ularly open such days). 8 a day, 44 a week. CO Oi to ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 >— Continued State, order, and effec tive date 2 Restaurant, i. e., any activity connected with the preparation or offering of food and/or beverage for remuneration, for human con sumption either on the employer’s premises or elsewhere by such service as catering, banquet, box-lunch or curb service, whether such service is operated as the principal business of the employer or as a unit of another business, to the public, to em ployees, to members or guests of members, or to paying guests. Class of employees covered Full-time employees: Part-time employees: No. 4, July 17, 1943, amended Jan. 17, 1944. http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ ______£____ ___________ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Hospital, clinic, or sanitarium, i. e., any public or private establishment where medical treatment is offered or where patients are interned. * « * ■ m times the basic hourly rate applicable to employee. Hours Over 24 to 44 a week. Do. 24 or less a week at direction of employer.®* Do.6i (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging as specified in order. In lieu of laundering uniforms employer may elect to pay employee 35 cents for each required laundering.) Puerto Rico 62 No. 1, Mar. 26,1943___ The processing of leaf tobacco, i. e., the receiv ing, weighing, stowing, classification or gradingj fermentation, stemming, packing or baling, warehousing, drying, or any other operation related to the handling of leaf to bacco before it is used in the manufacture of cigars, cigarettes, or other like products. No. 3, Apr. 28,1913....... Sugar, i. e., the production of sugar cane in both the agricultural and the industrial phases. Minimum-wage rates times employee’s regular rate. Workers performing operations not expressly enumerated in the order: 63 In agricultural phase of the industry. $1.40 a day for small and interior farms; $1.50 a day for others. Twice the minimum rate (to be prorated). In the industrial phase of the indus try. All workers other than professional and office employees, registered nurses, student nurses in accredited schools, dietitians, laboratory tech nicians, and manual laborers, such as plumbers, electricians, carpenters, painters, etc. *____ __________ _________i____ k________ A____ '____ Over 40 a week.6* 8 a day. Over 8 a day.®4 8 a day. Over 8 a day.®4 . 4 . " STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Pennsylvania: No. 3 Directory, Aug. 1, 1943. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1947. Occupation or industry covered 05 y f V * ~T 1 i * i T * * ■i w V Regular employees (as defined) — $42 a month88______ _________ 8 a day, 6 days a week. Do. Both regular and temporary Twice the applicable minimum Over 8 a day.84 employees 18 years and over. rate. No. 5, Mar. 13, 1944, modified June 5, 1944. No. 6, June 15, 1944, modified Apr. 14,1945. Beer and carbonated drinks, i. e., the prepara tion, production, distribution, or sale of beer, with or without alcohol, or of any soft drink prepared with carbonated water. All employees: Both industries, employees 18 years or over. 30 cents an hour______ ______ _ 8 a day, 48 a week. Do. Twice employee's regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a week.84 Hotel, restaurant, canteen, or soda fountain... All employees: Regular workers (as defined): Employees 18 years and over: 8 a day, 48 a week. Do. Minors: 8 a day, 40 a week. Do. Temporary workers: Employees 18 years and over: Znnp TT 87 Minors: Znnfi TT 87 25 cents an hour 8 a day, 48 a week. Do. 8 a day, 40 a week. Do. .............. 18H cents an hour Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a week.84 (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging as specified in the order.) JULY 1, 194 2— JANUARY 1, 1949 (Deductions for meals, lodg ing, or laundry permitted as specified in the order. If given all of these services, $17 a month may be de ducted from wages of perma nent employees and 65 cents a day from nonpermanent employees.) See footnotes at end of table. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered All employees: Employees 18 years and over: Zone 168_______ Zone II___________ Minors between 14 and 18 years: Zone I ss__________________ Zone II68. _ _ No. 8, June 5, 1945....... Retail business, i. e., any activity, process, operation, work, or service necessary or inci dental or related to retail sales, or the trans ferring directly to the consumer of goods, merchandise, or articles, for compensation, regardless of whether such sales or transfers originate or take place within or outside such establishment or place, or in its name, or for its benefit. V All workers: Employees 18 years and over: Regular (as defined): Zone I70______________ Zone II 7°__........................ . Zone III 7o_ _____ ______ Special employees, i. e., those sell ing merchandise priced at 25 cents or less: Zone I70________ Zone II 7o______ Zone III 76........ ......... Temporary: Zone 170........... .............. Zone II70...... .................. . Zone III70____ All employees________ Minors under 18, apprentices, and messengers. Hours 8 a day, 40 a week.69 Do.69 Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 40 a week.6* 8 a day, 40 a week.69 Do.69 8 a day, 48 a week. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a week, w 75 percent of the applicable min- 8 a day, 40 a week. mum wage. (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging. Amounts for each zone specified in the order.) No. 9, July 5, 1945......... Bakeries and pastry shops............. http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ _____ T . f Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis . * * A . " t All employees_________ The minimum varies according to zone and type of occupa tion. In Zone I, the range is from 25 to 823^ cents an hour, in Zone II, from 20 to 60 cents an hour.68 Employees 18 years and over___ ____ Twice the applicable minimum rate. . ______ • ____ k___ ____ <____ l_____ < — 1 * * * " 8 a day, 48 a week. Over 8 a day, or over 48 a a week.6* STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Puerto Rico—Continued No. 7, Apr. 4, 1945......... Theaters and movies, i. e., establishments or places where plays or other artistic produc tions are given by actors, musicians, or singers for profit, or where moving pictures are shown for profit. Minimum-wage rates Co 8 a day, 40 a week. No. 11, July 1, 1946, amended Nov. 1,1946. Construction, includes skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled workers in or incidental to the industry. No. 12, Jan. 2, 1947, amended Feb. 1, 1948. Transportation includes any act, process, operation, work, or service, necessary or in cidental or related to the transportation or carrying of persons or things from one place to another, by or in any kind of vehicle or locomotive apparatus of a company, corpo ration or authority. Exceptions: Transpor tation performed by the Federal, Insular, or Municipal Governments for purposes entirely governmental; transportation work incidental to an employer’s business, if such business is covered by another order. 66 percent of applicable mini mum rate. All employees. The minimum varies according 8 a day, 44 a week.71 to type of work. For skilled workers range extends from 60 cents to $1.10 an hour. For semiskilled workers minimum is 45 cents an hour; for un skilled, 32 cents an hour. Twice employee’s regular rate._ Over 8 a day or over 44 a week.64 Minimum varies according to 8 a day, 48 a week.™ type of work and skill of worker. Range extends from 55 cents an hour for chauffeurs of trailers or semitrailers to 25 cents for unskilled railroad workers. Twice employee’s regular rate.. Over 8 to 9 hour shift. 1 Yi employee’s regular rate....... . After 9 a day. Twice regular rate of pay-------- Employees 18 years and over. No. 13, July 1, 1947. Laundry and dry cleaning, i. e., any act, process, operation, service, or work per formed in connection with the washing, cleaning, starching, ironing, or dyeing of clothes or material of any kind. Includes the preparing, wrapping, collecting, de livery, return, transporting, and distribut ing of said clothes or material. No. 14, Sept. 15, 1948... Furniture and other wooden products, in cludes the processes of designing, building, assembling, altering, and repairing furniture made of wood, metal, straw, or any other kind of material, and other classes of wooden products. All employees....................... If employee works a split shift. All employees: Employees other than piece work ers (rates specified in the order), and messengers and drivers. Messengers-.----- -----------------------Drivers Employees 18 years and over............ 25 cents an hour. 8 a day, 48 a week.™ Do.™ $7.50 a week Do.™ 40 cents an hour._____ _______ Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day, over 48 a week.64 All employees: Experienced employees making 75, 60, 40, and 30 cents an hour 8 a day, 48 a week.™ according to classification. doors, windows, or blinds. Do.™ All other experienced employees....... 60, 45, 30, and 25 cents an hour. _ Inexperienced: Do.™ 15 cents an hour First 6 months_______________ _ Do.™ Last period of the apprenticeship... 85 percent of the minimum fixed for the particular occupation. Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a Employees 18 and over—....... ........ week.64 JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9 Minors under 18. See footnotes at end of table. CO CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 i—Continued State, order, and effec tive date3 Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours No. 5._................. ........ Restaurant and hotel restaurant. Directory order of (For provisions, see Bull. 191, p. 43.) June 15, 1942, be came mandatory Nov. 15, 1944. No. 4R_________ Directory, Sept. 1, 1946. Mandatory, Sept. 1, 1948. (Supersedes mandatory order No. 4 of Mar. 18, 1940.) r Ketail trade occupations include all employ ment in or for an industry or business selling or offering for sale any type of merchandise, wares, goods, articles, or commodities to the consumer. Also includes all work connected witn the soliciting of sales or opportunities for sales and/or the distributing of such merchandise, wares, goods, articles, or commodities and the rendering of services incidental to the sale, use, or upkeep of the same whether performed on the employer's prem ises or elsewhere. Covers all types of retail trade occupations unless and until specific vidual wage order. Exception: Homedelivery of newspapers. * f Women and minors; men: Employee taking voluntary leave in week when normal hours are 36 or more. Inexperienced salespersons (3 months).73 Employee taking voluntary leave in week when normal hours are 36 or more. Both groups.................. .................. . 36 to 44 a week. 55 cents an hour____ _____ Less than 36 a week.2< Prorated....................................... Actual time worked. $21 a week71.................................. 36 to 44 a week. 50 cents an hour.................... ...... Prorated____ _____ _____ _ Actual time worked. $1 an hour.................................... If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day in addition to the spread of hours exceeds 12, or both. applicable minimum wage. On seventh consecutive day. Less than 36 a week. i >4 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Puerto Rico—Continued No. 15, Nov. 22,1948--.. Quarrying includes any act, process, opera- All employees_____ _______________ Range from $1 an hour to 35 8 a day, 44 a week.” tion, work, or service necessary or related to cents an hour, according to the extraction, transportation, crushing, or occupational classification.85 delivery of stone, gravel, or other quarry Employees 18 years and over.............. Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 44 a products. Rhode Island: Session laws 1945, ch. Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law and exist 1624, July 1, 1945. ing orders extended to men. J No. 6.......................... Directory, Mar. 1, 1947. Mandatory, Sept. 15, 1947. i '* 1 ^ y 1 > Public housekeeping, i. e., all employment connected directly or indirectly with the offering or furnishing of rooms and/or lodging for remuneration to the public, to employees, to members or guests of members, to paying guests, students, or others, whether such service is operated as the principal business of the employer or as a unit of another busi ness. Exceptions: Employment on a farm or domestic service in a private home, unless these are operated as rooming houses. The term public housekeeping occupations expressly includes such occupations as cham bermaid, parlormaid, linen-room worker, ele vator operator, cashier, clerical worker such as room clerk and desk clerk, coat-room at tendant, matron, charwoman, telephone op erator, cleaner, janitor, bellboy, porter, doorman, and all workers that may be properly classified in this occupation in any establishment furnishing rooms and/or lodg ing for remuneration. Women and minors; men: Service, i. e., workers employed as 30 cents an hour.......... .............. . bellboys, page boys, or porters 35 cents an hour.......................... . who customarily receive gratuities. Nonservice.....................-.................... 50 cents an hour........................ . 55 cents an hour--------------------If employee works on more than two 75 cents a day in addition to the hourly wage. shifts in any day, or spread of hours exceeds 10 (in resort hotels, Factory, workshop, mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, restaurant, or packing house. Females over 14 years of age: In cities with population of 2,500 or over. See footnotes at end of table. * 12). 1 T " '-r 40 or over a week. Less than 40 a week. 40 or over a week. Less than 40 a week. (Deductions allowed for meals and lodging as specified in order. In lieu of laundering uniforms employer may elect to pay employee an additional $1 per week.) $15 a week__________________ Elsewhere..........................-................ Prorated_____ ______________ $12 a week.................. .................. Learners, apprentices, and women mentally or physically deficient. Prorated....... .................. ............. To be fixed by Industrial Com missioner. 10 a day, 54 a week (maxi mum). Less than 54 a week. 10 a day, 54 a week (maxi mum). Less than 54 a week. JULY 1, 19 4 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 South Dakota: Wage fixed in law. (Session laws: 1943, ch. 76, effective July 1, 1943; 1945, ch. 77.)7* (Amends ch. 309 of 1923.) Y ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 l—Continued State, order, and effec tive date2 Utah: No. 1, Sept. 1, 1947....... Retail trade includes any industry or business operated for the purpose of selling, offering for sale, or the distribution of goods, wares, Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours Women and minors: Full-time workers: Experienced: 40 to 48 a week.77 Do.77 Do.77 Bo.77 services incidental to such operations. Employee whose normal hours are 40 or over taking vol untary leave in week: * Inexperienced (6 months or 1,000 hours):78 Employee whose normal hours are 40 or over taking vol untary leave in week: Class 2 cities 76______ ______ Class 3 cities 76 Part-time work (at employer’s election): Experienced and inexperienced: Class 1 cities 76.._......... ........ 2X cents per hour less than pro A vided for cities in class 1. 5 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. $2 a week less than for experi enced workers in respective classes. (See above.) 2A cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. 5 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. 58 cents an hour (need not ex ceed weekly minimum for 40 48-hour week). Class 2 cities76....................... . 2X cents per hour less than pro A vided for cities in class 1. Class 3 cities78.............................. 5 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. Vocational students and minors: Class 1 cities:78 Experienced............................ Class 2 cities:76 Experienced and inexperienced- 2X cents per hour less, respec A tively, than provided for cities in class 1. Actual time worked. Do. Do. 40 to 48 a week.77 Actual time worked. Do. Do. Less than 40 a week.® Do.® Do.® Less than 4 a day, by reason of school attendance. Do. Do. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS (Supersedes orders 2 and 3 of June 3, 1940, as amended June 25, 1940, and 1 of Apr. 1, 1946.) Occupation or industry covered y ▼ r T > X Class 3 cities:78 Experienced and inexperienced. 5 cents per hour less, respectively, that provided for cities in class 1. Minors 14 to 16 doing delivery or chore work or odd jobs in the establishment: 'i w Do. Women and minors: No. 4, Sept. 1,1947........ Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing industries: Laundry, i. e., any place where washing, (Supersedes orders 5 ironing, cleaning, pressing, or processing incidental thereto of any kind of washable (laundry) of June fabric is conducted. 16,1941, and 4 flaunCleaning, dyeing, and pressing includes only dry, cleaning and those places or divisions of establishments dyeing) of Sept. 1, where the cleaning, dyeing, or pressing of 1946.) particular fabrics is conducted as a process aside from usual laundry practice attend ing other things. No. 2, Nov. 20,1947___ (Supersedes orders 4 of Aug. 5,1940 and 2 of June 1, 1946.) 44 a week. Do. In cleaning, dyeing', and pressing in dustry. Individual worker’s hourly rate. Inexperienced (1 month in laundry industry),80 Restaurant, i. e., all places selling food or beverages in solid or liquid form to be con sumed on the premises. Exceptions: Retail ice cream or retail soft drink (nonalcoholic) establishments where as much as 90 percent of the business volume is from ice-cream or soft-drink sales. regular Over 44 a week.77 30 but less than 44 a week. Less than 30 a week.5 $2 a week less than the minimum. 44 a week. Women and minors:81 Experienced full-time employees: 48 a week.77 Do.77 Do.77 Do.77 Actual working time. All cities—Voluntary absence of employee whose normal work week is 48 hours. Experienced part-time employees: Over 2 up to’and including 8 a day. First 2 in day. Same as above. JULY 1, 1942-JA N U A R Y 1, 1 9 4 9 8 a day, 44 a week (maxi mum).76 Do.76 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. Do.76 5 cents per hour less than pro vided for cities in class 1. 50 cents a day in addition to the applicable minimum wage. 1H times employee’s regular Over 48 a week in emer gency.77 rate. Do. Do. Inexperienced (3 months) :80 1 See footnotes at end of table. $1 a week less than the estab lished minimum wage. 2 cents an hour less than rate prescribed for experienced em- i ployees. ' 4^ CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued State, order, and effec tive date 2 Utah—Continued No. 3, Dec. 1, 1947 Public housekeeping, i. e., all hotels, boarding houses, rooming houses, auto camps, apart ment houses, resort hotels, hospitals, institu tions, building space to rent for business, manufacturing, commercial enterprises, and other public service. Includes linen-room girls, maids, cleaners, elevator operators, and any other female or minor employee connected with these estab lishments unless or until their specific occu pation is governed by another minimumwage order. Exceptions: Registered nurses; resident managers. Class ol employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours Women and minors;81 Women 18 and over; Full time: Class 1 cities:82 $22.80 a week; 47^ cents an hour. 48 a week.77 Inexperienced (2 months)........ $21.60 a week; 45 cents an hour.. Do.77 Class 2 cities:82 $21.60 a week; 45 cents an hour.. Do.77 Inexperienced (2 months) $20.40 a week; 42^ cents an hour. Do.77 Class 3 cities:82 $19.20 a week; 40 cents an hour.. Do.77 Inexperienced (2 months) $18 a week; 37K cents an hour... Do.77 Part time: A t employer’s election: Class 1 cities:82 Experienced___ ____ _____ Less than 48 a week.8 Inexperienced (2 months) - - Class 2 cities:82 Experienced..... .................... Inexperienced (2 months) -. Class 3 cities:82 Experienced...................... . Inexperienced (2 months) - -. Do.5 At employee’s election: Class 1 cities:82 Experienced . Less than 48 a week.® Inexperienced (2 months)_ _ Class 2 cities:82 Experienced Inexperienced (2 months). _ _ Class 3 cities:82 Experienced Do.® Inexperienced (2 months).. - 35 cents an hour........................... Overtime: Employees over 21........... ........... Over 8 a day or work on 7th consecutive day. Minors 16 and under 18: Class 1 cities:82 $20.90 a week; 47H cents an hour. 44 a week (maximum for minors, includes meal pe riod).5 Inexperienced (2 months) $19.80 a week; 45 cents an hour.. Do.5 Class 2 cities:82 Do.® Inexperienced (2 months). ____ $18.70 a week; 42M cents an hour. Do.1 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS (Supersedes orders 6 of July 14,1941, and 3 of July 1, 1946.) Occupation or industry covered T t T V T A * f f Class 3 cities:83 Experienced-.................... Inexperienced (2 months) Washington: No. 38, July 3, 1942___ * $17.60 a week; 40 cents an hour.. $16.50 a week; 37)4 cents an hourdeductions from the mini mum wage for meals and lodging permitted only if mutually agreed to by em ployer and employees. Charge may not exceed the retail prices of such accom modations. Industrial Com mission must approve.) T * Do.® Do.® Women and minors 83. 52)4 cents an hour 84................. . No. 39, Sept. 7, 1942----- Fresh-fruit packing, vegetable packing, or dried fruit industries. (Supersedes order 32 of Oct. 1, 1934.) Women and minors 83. 40 cents an hour u—___ ______ Up to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Work on seventh consecu tive day. No. 40, Sept. 7, 1942___ Women and minors:83 Experienced, i. e., one who has served an apprenticeship at plant where employed, or having served an apprenticeship has been 3 months in the plant where em ployed at the particular work at which she was an apprentice else where. Inexperienced:88 First 320 hours___ ____________ Next 160 hours___ _____ ______ 35 cents an hour 8S. 8 a day, 6 days a week (maxi mum). 25 cents an hour—. 32)4 cents an hour. Do. Do. Females and minors 83. 32)4 cents an hour. Do. Minors, i. e., boys 14 and under 18 years of age; girls 16 and under 18 years of age.83 25 cents an hour. 8 a day, 6 days a week. 45 cents an hour 33 87. 40 cents an hour 33 87. 38 cents an hour 33 87. Women: In general, 9 a day, 50 a week, hotels 10 a day, 55 a week; minors under 18, 8 a day, 40 a week.88 Manufacturing. (Supersedes order 29 of Jan. 22, 1922.) No. 41, Sept. 7, 1942___ Mercantile. Time and a half 1)4 times employee’s regular rate. Time and a half 1)4 times employee’s regular rate. Up to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Work on seventh consecu tive day. (Supersedes order 28 of Dec. 31,1921.) No. 42, Oct. 1, 1942___ (Supersedes order 31 of Oct. 27, 1922 and 24 of Oct. 4, 1921. Occupations not covered by a special indus trial welfare order. (Agricultural work, domestic service, and specific occupations listed in the order exempted.) Wisconsin: No. C-5, Feb. 10, 1947. _ Any occupation, trade, or industry other than domestic service and agriculture. (See (Supersedes order 1 of entries following.) June 10,1932.) See footnotes at end of table. Women and minors: In cities having a population of: 3,500 or over----- ----------------1,000 but less than 3,500.......... Elsewhere in the State________ JULY 1, 194 2 — ANU ARY 1, 1 9 4 9 J Cannery or freezing plant (fruit, vegetable, fish, shellfish, dog foods, or any other products preserved for food purposes). (Supersedes order 34 of May 6, 1937.) Of ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 State, order, and effec tive date2 Industrialized agriculture, i. e., truck gardens, cherry and other fruit orchards, gardens conducted or controlled by canning com panies and the culture or harvesting of sugar beets and cranberries. No. C-oa, Feb. 10, 1947. Domestic service in private homes. Excep tion: Casual employment of minors under 18 in or around a home in work usual to the home of the employer and not in connection w ith or a part of the business, trade, or pro fession of the employer, such as caring for children, mowing lawns, raking leaves, shovel ing snow, etc. Order defines casual employ ment as employment outside school hours, for a period of not more than 5 consecutive hours and not more than 10 hours in a week. Women and minors; If board only is furnished: In cities of: Agriculture other than industrialized agricul ture. Women and mi nors: Canning or first processing of fresh fruits or vegetables. Women 18 years and over; girls and boys 16 to 18 years of age. • http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ r Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis r Do. Do. Rates same as the hourly rates of the general order. (See p. 45.) If board and lodging are furnished... If board, lodging, and washing are furnished. All. ______ ____________ 1 Provisions of flat-rate laws also included. 2 Where only one date is shown the order became mandatory on that date. A “direc tory” order is nonmandatory for a period during which publicity is the only penalty for failure to pay the minimum wage. 3 Revision omits the exception as to the area around Nogales. It makes no other change. 4 Maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. 6 Employee must be paid at least 4 hours' wages on any day called to work. Hours (Deductions for board and lodging allowed as specified in order C-5.) If both board and lodging are fur nished: In cities of: Geographic areas same as those shown above. Special order, 1948 (or der issued eachiseason). Minimum-wage rates £ Do. Do. Do. Less than 45 a week. Do. Do. \X times employee’s regular A rate. Over 9 to 11 a day or over 54 to 60 a week, whichever is greater, on 12 emergency days during season. 8 Number not to exceed 33J4 percent of women employed in establishment, except that 1 learner is permitted if less than 3 women employed. 7 The basic weekly minimum need not be paid from June 1 through Aug. 31, by estab lishments in the counties of Cochise, Gila, Graham, Greenlee, Maricopa, Pima, Pinal, Santa Cruz, and Yuma; and from Dec. 16 through Mar. 15, by establishments in Apache, Coconino, Mohave, Navajo, and Yavapai counties. 8 Number not to exceed 10 percent of women and minors employed in establishment, except that 1 learner is permitted if less than 4 women and minors employed. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS W isconsin—Continued No. C-5, Feb. 10, 1947, as amended Apr. 5, 1948. Class of employees covered Occupation or industry covered Continued addition to exemption of students, exempts from payment of the minimum daily wage stores or businesses having not more than 1 employee in any week. 2s The 40-cent hourly rate, established in the 1945 law, supersedes the following hourly rates set by ch. 159, session laws of 1943, which became effective July 1, 1943: 30 cents for the city and county of Honolulu and 25 cents for the counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai. The act authorizes the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations to make regu lations providing for payment of a lower hourly rate to learners, apprentices, etc., and to children 14 years of age and under. 26 The woman’s hours law of Illinois permits 9 hours a day, 54 hours a week in mercan tile establishments during 4 weeks in calendar year. 27 In the hotel and restaurant order: Zone 1 includes incorporated cities having a population of 60,000 or over; Zone 2—Incorporated cities having between 15,000 and 60,000 population; Zone 3—Incorporated cities having between 4,000 and 15,000 population; Zone 4—Rest of State. The first 3 of these zones include, in addition to the above, incorporated cities and territory, any part of which lies within a radius of 5 miles (zone 1) or 1 mile (zones 2 and 3) of the corporate limits thereof. In the all-occupations order: Zone 1 includes cities of 20,000 or more population and contiguous territory within 5 miles thereof; Zone 2—Cities having between 4,000 and 20,000 population and contiguous territory within 2 miles thereof; Zone 3—Rest of State. 28 Maximum hours for women and girls in practically all industries 10 a day, 60 a week. 29 Learners may be employed only by special permit from Commissioner of Industrial Relations who must fix rate for each learner. Maximum learning period 720 hours. Number may not exceed one-third of the total number of regular full-time employees. Employer must obtain learner certificate for worker before he can pay rates lower than those fixed in order. so Maximum hours for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week. In manufacturing estab lishments and hotels, if employment is determined by labor department to be seasonal, 52 hours a week allowed if weekly average for year does not exceed 48 hours. In extraor dinary emergencies overtime allowed in public service or other businesses requiring shifts, if and when conditions specified in the hours statute are met. The Massachusetts hour law authorizes the Labor Commissioner to permit employ ment of office workers for more than 9 hours a day but not more than 48 hours a week. Law specifically exempts from the maximum hour provisions: (1) Persons employed exclusively as personal secretaries, (2) persons declared by the Commissioner to be em ployed in a supervisory capacity, and (3) professional personnel in hospitals. Com missioner may permit hospital employees to be employed for more than 9-48 hours in an emergency. 31 Employee who reports for duty on any day at the time set by the employer must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages at the applicable minimum rate, unless employment on that day is rendered impossible by conditions beyond the employer’s control and this fact is verified by the Minimum Wage Commission. 32 Order requires that home workers be employed at the established minimum rates or the equivalent in piece rates. 33 Employee who reports for duty on any day at the time set by the employer must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages at the applicable minimum rate. The Massachusetts public housekeeping, mercantile, and clerical orders provide that if employee is unable or unwilling to accept 3 hours’ employment the Minimum Wage Commission may grant permission to employer to employ such employee for less than 3 hours. JULY 1, 19 42 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 9 The Attorney General of Arkansas, in an opinion dated Apr. 17, 1947, said that the 1943 amendment to the State’s wage-hour law made the $1.25 and $1 minimum-wage rates applicable to a day of 8 hours. 10 Women may be employed on 7 days a week if and when an industry engaged in handling perishable products would suffer an irreparable injury or if the Labor Com missioner determines that exigency requires such overtime. 11 Employee must be paid at least H-day’s wage on any day called to work. 12 Number not to exceed 10 percent of persons regularly employed in the establishment. is Maximum, but adult women exempted during periods when processing is necessary to prevent perishable products from spoiling. Employee must be paid at least 2 hours’ wages on any day called to work. 14 Up to 72 hours in any 7 consecutive days permitted by the order but 24 hours must elapse before a woman who has worked these hours is again employed by the employer. 15 A full-time employee (one regularly working 36 but not more than 44 hours a week) who is required to work longer hours than his or her regularly established schedule must be paid for the excess hours up to 44 a week at his or her regular rate of pay. If a work week of less than 44 hours is voluntary with any such employee the weekly wage may be prorated and a proportionate amount deducted; if such hours are required by employer, however, employee must be paid the minimum part-time hourly rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher. is Employee called to work on any day must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages at the part-time rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher. In laundries having a workday of less than 4 hours on Saturday, workers called in on that day must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages. 17 The overtime provision is not mandatory in the case of bona fide executive, admin istrative, and professional employees, as defined. Employer must elect annually whether he will pay for overtime of employees working on a commission basis, at a minimum wage of $1 per hour plus commission or the actual overtime rate, i. e., including salary and commission, at time and a quarter. 18 Maximum hours for women and minors in mercantile establishments 8 a day (10 allowed 1 day a week), 48 a week. Under certain specified conditions, hours exceeding these are permitted in the week before Christmas and, if permit is obtained, in cases of emergency or seasonal or peak demand. 19 Maximum hours for women and minors in beauty shops 9 a day (10 allowed 1 day a week), 48 a week. 20 Unless a suspension of work due to a break-down or an Act of God occurs, an em ployee called to work on any day must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages at the minimum rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher. 21 Number receiving this rate limited to 1 for every 15 workers subject to this order. 22 Maximum hours for women and minors under 18 years of age, 9 a day, 48 a week. In cases of emergency or seasonal or peak demand Commissioner of Labor may allow 10 hours a day, 55 hours a week, for 8 weeks in year; the Governor may extend number of weeks beyond 8 in the interest of national defense. 23 Weekly wage may not be prorated unless the employee: (1) Takes time off at her own request, or (2) begins full-time employment and works only part of a week when first employed, or (3) resigns after having been a full-time employee. 24 Employees, other than minor students on days when schools are in session, must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages on any day called to work. New York’s retail order, in 4^ r r * 4» The mandatory order for retail trade split the population group of under 10,000 in the directory order, so as to shorten for the small-sized communities the period to which the overtime rate applies. Rates not changed. so Zone I includes the City of New York, the counties of Westchester and Nassau, and all communities having a population of over 10,000. Zone II includes all communities having a population of 10,000 or less except com munities of 10,000 or less in Nassau and Westchester counties. A laundry located in zone II which does business with an agent who services customers in zone I or which maintains directly or indirectly a route, office, or drop store in zone I must be considered in zone I for weeks in which such business is done and must pay the higher minimum-wage rates of zone I. 51 Full-time employees defined as persons other than maids and cleaning women who work in the establishment on more than 3 days in any week. 52 Zone I includes the City of New York and all communities having a population of more than 50,000 or, if located in Erie, Nassau, or Westchester counties, of more than 15,000. Zone II includes the rest of the State. 53 Employee required to report for duty on any day, whether or not assigned to actual work, must be paid tnis amount. 54 Employer is not obliged to pay guaranteed weekly wages: (1) To new employees or employees who voluntarily absent themselves during the period with which the guarantees are concerned; (2) to employee-students 16 to 18 years of age who are required to attend a full-time school during the period with which the guarantees are concerned, when work is available to them for such period; (3) to accountants and bookkeepers employed to work occasionally for the establishment; (4) in case of an Act of God, fire, flood, public disaster, or plant-wide mechanical breakdown. 55 Employee called to work on any day, whether assigned to duty or not, must be paid for the maximum length of the stint she is hired to work (3 hours, if 1 shift; 6 hours, if 2 shifts; 8 hours, if 3 shifts) at the applicable minimum rate. Employee-students exempted from this provision on any workday when they are required to attend school. 58 Number of learners paid less than the experienced rates may not exceed 25 percent of an establishment’s employees. fi7 Revision of the order applying to minors, effective the same day order No. 9 in Bulletin 191 became effective, omitted the minimum-wage provision. A letter from the State’s enforcing agency explained that this was done because ‘‘wages for women and minors are provided for in the several industrial orders.” *8 Pieceworkers must be paid a rate which will enable at least 50 percent of such workers to earn not less than the minimum. 50 Permit must be obtained before employer may hire workers at the inexperienced rate. 60 Maximum hours for women and girls, 10 a day, 48 a week. 81 Employee must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages on any day called to work if she reports for duty at the beginning of a work shift. 82 Order 2, promulgated in February 1943, covered the sugar industry but the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico declared it void and unconstitutional. Order 3 was accordingly adopted. Order 10 covering the dairy industry was also declared void by the Territorial Supreme Court. A OO STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS « The State’s recently issued order for mercantile occupations set the learning period at 1,040 hours (had been 6 months in the previous order). 38 During peak periods not to exceed 8 weeks in year the Minimum Wage Commission may grant employer special permit to employ worker 48 hours a week at the weekly minimum established in this order, provided worker is given compensatory hours for such employment. 36 Employee must be paid at least 2 hours’ wages on any day called to work. 37 Motion-picture theaters and other places of amusement are covered by the State’s hour law for women which sets a maximum of 9 hours a day, 48 hours a week for women and minors. 38 Casual employee, one not regularly employed who reports for work as an extra at the direct request of employer, when such employment depends upon weather conditions, time, or public response to specific performances. Pin boys and ushers are casual em ployees for the purpose of this order. 36 Class A—Cities of more than 50,000 inhabitants. Class B—Cities of 20,000 to 50,000 inhabitants. Class C—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and townships of 10,000 to 20,000 inhabitants. Class D—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and townships of less than 10,000 inhab itants. « Maximum hours for women and girls in mercantile occupations 54 a week except in cases of emergency or when Industrial Commission grants special exemption. Hour law permits suspension of the hour provisions for regular employees during the 7 days before Christmas, if weekly average for year does not exceed 54 hours. 42 Authorization of Labor Commissioner required for employment of learners. Number may not exceed 10 percent of total number of women and minors employed in the estab lishment, except that each establishment is allowed 1 learner. For part-time workers, the learning period must be computed on a cumulative basis until 1,040 hours have been worked or 1 year of part-time employment work. 43 The New Jersey minimum-wage law exempts hotels from its coverage. 44 Guaranteed weekly wages of $8.50 (service) and $11.50 (nonservice) are established in the order for workers whose hours total as much as 24 in any week. 45 Maximum hours for women 18 years and over, 10 a day, 54 a week. 4« Zone A includes Bergen, Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, Morris, Passaic, and Union counties. Zone B includes Atlantic, Burlington, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Hunter don, Monmouth, Ocean, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, and Warren counties. 47 If 40 hours’ work is not available to an employee in any week, a bonus of 10 percent must be added to the applicable minimum rate, when employee’s total wage for the week is less than the amount she would receive for 40 hours. 48 Maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week for females and male minors between 16 and 18 years of age. To make one or more short days in week, 10 hours allowed on 1 day and up to 9 hours on the 4 remaining days, but weekly hours may not exceed 48. In mercantile establishments, the 8-48-hour maximum does not apply to week before Christmas and two weeks in year for inventory. _ Hours law expressly exempts from its maximum hour and day-of-rest provisions females over 16 employed in: (1) Beauty parlors in cities and towns of less than 15,000 population; (2) resort or seasonal hotels or restaurants in rural communities and in places of under 15,000 population. >— For restaurants, classification is same as for retail trade except that Price and Helper are transferred from class 3 to class 2 cities and Nephi and Vernal are added to the class 3 group. Maximum population for the class 4 group is fixed at 5,000 rather than 2,500. 77 Hours law sets a maximum week of 48 hours for women and 44 hours for minors under 18, permitting overtime in emergencies as specified. The restaurant and public housekeeping orders require that a J4-hour meal period be included as working time. 78 Special permit required for each learner or apprentice employed. Employer must register learners with Industrial Commission. Number may not exceed 25 percent of the women and minor employees having workweek of 40 hours or over. 79 Employee must be paid at least 2 hours’ wages on any day called to work. 80 Number may not exceed 1 for every 5 experienced workers. 81 Employment of girls under 18 prohibited in this industry. Boys 16 and under 18 may be employed 8 hours a day, 44 hours a week. Persons under 18 may not serve beer to customers in restaurants. 82 Class 1—Cities of over 10,000 population. Class 2—Cities of 3,000 and under 10,000 population. Class 3—Cities of under 3,000 population. 83 Permit must be obtained for the employment of minors under 18 years of age. 84 At least one-half the women and minors employed at a piecework rate must receive an average wage based on above rate. All pieceworkers in canneries must receive a guar antee of 45 cents an hour. 85 Experienced pieceworkers must be paid at a rate that will enable at least 75 percent of them to earn the minimum rate. The other 25 percent must be paid at the prevailing piecework rate, but in no case shall their earning be less than 30 cents an hour. 80 Number may not exceed 25 percent of the total number of women employed except by permit in emergencies. 87 Piece rates on a particular kind of work are deemed adequate if they yield to 75 per cent of the women and minors, 3 cents per hour more than the prescribed minimum. 88 Maximum hours; however, under the 9-50 hour law women may be employed 10 hours a day, 55 hours a week, during emergency periods not exceeding 4 weeks a year, if time and a half employee’s regular rate is paid. Industrial Commission must be notified of such overtime within 24 hours. Attendants in sanitariums required to be on duty for more than 55 hours a week must be paid, as a minimum, for 55 hours a week. 89 During the canning season maximum hours are 9 a day, 54 a week, except on 12 emer gency days when women and minors 16 to 18 years of age may be employed 11 hours a day, 60 hours a week. The Industrial Commission may waive hour limits and overtime pay for boys 16 and 17 years of age in 10 weeks of year. Before and after the canning season maximum hours are 9 a day, 50 a week, for women 18 years and over; 8 a day, 48 a week, for boys and girls of 17 years; and 8 a day, 40 a week for boys and girls of 16 except that during school vacations they may work 48 hours a week. JULY 1, 194 2 — JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9 63 This minimum has been in effect since Mar. 1, 1945. An escolator clause in the order set minimum hourly rates of 20 cents, 22^ cents, and 24 cents, respectively, for periods beginning Mar. 26,1943, Apr. 16,1943. and Mar. 1, 1944. 64 Hours law sets 8 hours a day, 48 hours a week as the maximum for women employees, and 8 and 40 hours as the maximum for minors under 18, in practically all occupations and industries. Overtime permitted for adult workers if double time is paid. order, as revised in 1948, set time and a half for overtime. 66 The order establishes specific rates for numerous occupations in which women are not customarily employed. Rates as amended in 1944. The 1943 order contained escolator clauses fixing minimums of from $30 a month to $40 a month for permanent employees in the periods specified and from $1.25 a day to $1.60 a day for temporary employees during these same periods. 8? Zone I—Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Caguas, Guayama, Mayagiiez, Ponce, Rio Piedras (including Hato Rey) and San Juan. Zone II—All other places. 68 Zone I—San Juan and Rio Piedras. Zone II—All other places. 69 Employee who works 4 hours or less a day during more than one performance of a show or movie is entitled to pay for 4 hours’ work at the applicable minimum rate. Employee who works 3 horns or less during only one performance of a show or movie is entitled to pay for 3 hours’ work at the minimum rate for that particular zone. 70 Zone I—San Juan and Rio Piedras. Zone II—Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Caguas, Fajardo, Guayama, Humacao, Mayagiiez, and Ponce. Zone III—All other places. 71 Employee must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages on any day called to work, under con ditions specified in the order. 72 No reduction may be made in wage because of summer or seasonal schedules of store, or in week in which a holiday occurs. 73 Before employing worker at either the inexperienced rate or the rate for students, certificate must be secured for each worker. 74 Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week. If 5-day week is worked, daily hours may be 9fi. 75 The provisions of the 1943 act enacted for a 2-year period were made permanent in 1945. 70 For retail trade: Class 1—Salt Lake City and Ogden. Class 2—Logan, Provo, Murray, and Tooele. Class 3—Bingham, Brigham City, Eureka, Helper, Midvale, Park City, Price, Ameri can Fork, Bountiful, Cedar City, Lehi, Payson, Richfield, Smithfield, Spanish Fork, Springvilie, St. George. Class 4—All other towns or municipalities. 1 4^ CO STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS Digests of amendments becoming effective between July 1942 and January 1949* *Cf "Analysis of State Minimum- Wage Laws.'’ Women’s Bureau Bull. 191, folders following p. 52. California: Requires the Division of Industrial Welfare to determine, upon request, whether wages exceeding the minimum fixed by the Com mission have been correctly computed and paid. Authorizes the Division to examine employer’s documents relative to employ ment of women and minors and to enforce payment of any sums found to be due and unpaid. Provides that no wage order shall be effec Session laws 1947, eh. 1188 (Amends Statutes 1913, ch. ‘324 tive unless compliance is had with the pro visions governing the appointment and as amended.) operation of wage boards; specifically pro Effective Sept. 19, 1947. vides that Commission may revise a wage order upon following the procedure estab lished for issuance of original order; in creases payment of wage board members to $15 per diem (formerly $5) and neces sary travel expenses while engaged in a conference. Session law's 1943, eh. 425------(Adds subsection 1195.5 to Deering’s Labor Code 1937.) Effective Aug. 4, 1943. Hawaii: Session laws 1943, Act 159____ (Amends session laws 1941, Act 66.) Section on rates effective July I,1943; rest of Act, May II, 1943. Amends the wage and hour law to raise the minimum wage in the city and county of Honolulu from 25 cents to 30 cents an hour, and in the counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai from 20 cents to 25 cents an hour. Excludes from coverage of the act members of a religious order or individuals donating their services to any hospital, religious, fraternal, or charitable organization. Tightens provision regarding divulging of information secured by labor department agents during inspections, to permit dis closures to officials concerned with, and solely for the purposes of, the administra tion of laws under the jurisdiction of the Commission of Labor and Industrial Re lations. Empowers the director or his representative to obtain restitution whenever illegal de ductions from an employee’s wages are discovered in the course of a wage and hour inspection; provides that, if such restitution is made, a prosecution may not be instituted or maintained. JULY 1, 19 4 2—JANUARY 1, 1949 Session laws 1945, Act 15_____ (Amends session laws of 1941 and 1943.) Effective July 1, 1945. Massachusetts: Session laws 1946, ch. 545____ (Amends General Laws 1932, ch. 151, as amended.) Effective Sept. 11, 1946. 51 Raises the minimum wage to 40 cents an hour for workweek of 48 hours or less, but provides that the labor department may, by regulation, establish a lower rate for children 14 years of age and under; continues the provision requiring time and one-half employee’s regular rate for work in excess of 48 hours a week; removes geographic differential; tightens enforce ment provisions. Amends coverage (1) to provide that agricultural employees shall be excluded only in weeks when the employer has less than 20 employees; (2) to broaden the exemption for workers en gaged in the processing or distribution of the various aquatic forms of animal or vegetable life; and (3) to remove the ex emption for employees of street, suburban, or interurban electric railways or local trolleys or motor bus carriers. Extends coverage of the minimum-wage law to all persons employed in the occupations covered thereby, regardless of age or sex, in the same manner and to the same ex tent as if such persons had been expressly included; provides that existing orders and regulations shall be similarly applicable. Session laws 1948, ch. 362 Amends definition of “occupation” specifi (Amends General Laws 1932, cally to include industries or businesses ch. 151, sec. 2, as amended.) not operated for profit, but excluding, in Effective May 24, 1948. addition to domestic service in the home of the employer and labor on a farm, work by persons being rehabilitated or trained under rehabilitation or training programs in charitable, educational, or religious in stitutions, or work by members of religious orders. Nevada: Session laws 1945, ch. 166 Increases the minimum wage from $3 to $4 (Amends sec. 2825.41 of the per day of 8 hours and from $18 to $24 per 1941 Supplement to the week of 48 hours; establishes a 50-cent Nevada Compiled Laws hourly minimum; grants employee the of 1929.) right to recover unpaid wages in a civil Effective Mar. 22, 1945. action within a 2-year period; expressly provides that any agreement to accept a wage less than the minimum shall be invalid. 52 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS New York: Session laws 1944, ch. 792------- Adds a new section (663-a) to prohibit the employment of a male 21 years of age or (Amends ch. 32 of the 1931— over in an occupation at lower standards 35 Cumulative Supple or rates of wages than those fixed for ment to Consolidated women and minors in such occupation Laws of 1930, ch. 584, under a directory or mandatory minimumart. 19.) wage order. Provides that sections re Effective July 1, 1944. lating to publication of names, court re view, record keeping and the posting of orders, wage collection, and penalties, respectively, shall be applicable in case of an employer’s failure to comply with the provisions of this amendment or with any wage order. Adds a new subsection (subsection 9 of sec Session laws 1946, ch. 972 tion 656) requiring that the wrage board (Amends as above.) hold public hearings prior to its report and Effective Apr. 23, 1946. recommendations, and that the testimony at such hearings be submitted to the Com missioner together with the board’s report. Extends the time limit for submission of such report to the Commissioner from the previous 60-day period to 90 days, and provides that the Commissioner in his discretion may extend the time to 180 days; requires wage board to submit a record of its activities with its report. Amends the provisions governing action on the wage board report to require that Commissioner hold public hearings, notice of which shall be given to all interested parties, and permitting him to reject the wage board’s report or to accept it in whole or in part. Deletes word “directory” from text and re Session laws 1947, ch. 221 _ peals provisions relating to directory (Amends as above.) orders; provides that orders shall be made Effective Mar. 20, 1947. by the Commissioner as mandatory orders, to be effective within 60 days from date of making. Requires Commissioner to file report of wage Session laws 1948, ch. 353 board and recommendations with the Sec (Amends as above.) retary of the Department of Labor. Ex Effective July 1, 1948. tends the time limit for action by the Commissioner in accepting or rejecting the report from previous 10-day period to 30-day period; deletes phrase “mandatory or directory wage order” and substitutes phrase “minimum wage order.” Fixes 60 days from date of making as date an order becomes effective. JULY 1, 19 4 2—JANUARY 1, 1949 53 Puerto Rico: Acts of 1942, Act 9 Amends the minimum-wage law to stipulate (Amends sec. 12, Act 8 of that the Minimum Wage Board may clas 1941.) sify any occupation, business, or industry Effective Mar. 20, 1942. according to the nature of the services to be rendered, and approve minimum-wage scales suitable for different kinds of work, for the purpose of fixing for each classifi cation the highest rate of minimum wage. Provides that the board may also approve minimum wages for different zones or dis tricts, where advisable, due to differing conditions, if such action does not give competitive advantage to other zones or districts. Acts of 1942, Act 44 Adds a section to the minimum-wage law to (Adds sec. 10-A to Act 8 of provide that the Governor of Puerto Rico 1941.) may, by proclamation, require the Mini Effective Apr. 23, 1942. mum Wage Board to appoint a minimumwage committee to investigate the condi tions in a certain occupation, business, or industry where a strike, lock-out, emer gency, or controversy in regard to wages exists, or has existed within the 6 months preceding the proclamation, and to fix the minimum wage that shall be paid in the industry in question. Provides that wages so fixed shall be retroactive to the date on which laborers returned or may return to work. Provides that, in case the committee fails to submit its report within 15 days or within the extension of time granted by the board, or does not come to an agreement, the board may dissolve the committee and either appoint another or make the in vestigation itself. Once the report is rendered, a mandatory wage order must be issued under prescribed procedure. Acts of 1945, Act 217________ Provides for a membership of 3 instead of 9 (Amends sections of Act 8 of on the Minimum Wage Board; revises 1941.) procedural provisions and authorizes in Effective May 11, 1945. vestigation of several industries simultane ously. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS 54 Transfers administration and enforcement of wage orders issued under the Minimum Wage Act from the Minimum Wage Board to the Commissioner of Labor; modifies the procedure for issuing wage orders by eliminating provisions for mini mum wage committees and providing instead for appointment by the chairman of the Minimum Wage Board of an equal number of representatives of labor and management as special members of the Minimum Wage Board for the industry or occupation for which issuance of a wage order is being considered; provides for op portunity for hearing of interested parties followed by issuance of mandatory order. Strengthens various provisions of the Act so Acts of 1948, Act 48 as to speed up the procedure for the prep(Amends Act 8 of 1941 as ation and promulgation of mandatory de amended.) crees. Enhances the investigating powers Effective June 10, 1948. of the Board and the authority of the Com missioner of Labor to enforce the Board’s wage orders. Acts of 1947, Act 451._______ (Amends Act 8, Acts of 1941, as amended.) Effective May 14, 1947. Rhode Island: Session laws 1945, ch. 1624----(Amends ch. 289, General Laws 1938, as amended.) Effective July 1, 1945. Adds a new section (16-A) to prohibit the employment of a male 21 years of age or over in an occupation at lower standards or rates of wages than those fixed for women and minors in such occupation under a directory or a mandatory mini mum-wage order; provides that sections providing for court review, record-keeping, penalties, and wage collection, respec tively, shall be applicable in case of an employer’s failure to comply with the provisions of this amendment or with any wage order. South Dakota: Session laws, 1943, ch. 76-------- Increases the minimum wage for experienced women and girls in cities of 2,500 popula (Amends sec. 17.0607, Code tion or over from $12 per week to $15 1939.) per week. Effective “until the end of the Effective July 1, 1943. next regular session of the legislature.” Session laws 1945, ch. 77-------- Makes permanent the 1943 increase in minimum-wage rates, for women and girls (Amends sec. 17.0607, Code in cities of 2,500 population or over. 1939, as amended.) Effective Feb. 17, 1945. JULY 1, 19 4 2—JANUARY 1, 1949 55 Washington: Session laws 1943, ch. 192 Amends the procedural requirements for (Amends sec. 7631, Reming revision of minimum-wage orders to ton’s Revised Statutes.) eliminate the provision that a conference Effective June 9, 1943. be called; provides instead that the In dustrial Welfare Committee upon holding a public hearing may on its own motion amend the original order on the basis of evidence adduced at the hearing. CURRENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE WOMEN’S BUREAU FACTS ON WOMEN WORKERS—issued monthly. 4 pages. (Latest statistics on employment of women; earnings; labor laws affecting women; news items of interest to women workers; women in the international scene.) HANDBOOK OF FACTS ON WOMEN WORKERS. Bull. 225. 79 pp. 1948. 25(1. THE AMERICAN WOMAN—Her Changing Role as Worker, Homemaker, Citizen. (Women’s Bureau Conference, 1948.) Bull. 224. 210 pp. 1948. EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK AND TRAINING FOR WOMEN The Outlook for Women in Occupations in the Medical and Other Health Services, Bull. 203: 1. Physical Therapists. 14 pp. 1945. 10;';. 2. Occupational Therapists. 15 pp. 1945. 10C 3. Professional Nurses. 66 pp. 1946. 15C 4. Medical Laboratory Technicians. 10 pp. 1945. 10C 5. Practical Nurses and Hospital Attendants. 20 pp. 1945. 10(1. 6. Medical Record Librarians. 9 pp. 1945. 10C 7. Women Physicians. 28 pp. 1945. 10C 8. X-Ray Technicians. 14 pp. 1945. 10C 9. Women Dentists. 21 pp. 1945. 10C 10. Dental Hygienists. 17 pp. 1945. 10C 11. Physicians’ and Dentists’ Assistants. 15 pp. 1945. 10C 12. Trends and Their Effect Upon the Demand for Women Workers. 55 pp. 1946. 15C The Outlook for Women in Science, Bull. 223: 1. Science. [General introduction to the series.] 81 pp. 1949. 20c. 2. Chemistry. 65 pp. 1948. 20C 3. Biological Sciences. 87 pp. 1948. 25C | 4. Mathematics and Statistics. 21 pp. 1948. 10C 5. Architecture and Engineering. 88 pp. 1948. 25C [ 6. Physics and Astronomy. 32 pp. 1948. 15C 7. Geology, Geography, and Meteorology. 52 pp. 1948. 15C 8. Occupations Related to Science. 33 pp. 1948. 15C The Outlook for Women in Police Work. Bull. 231. 31 pp. 1949. 15C Your Job Future After College. Leaflet. 1947. (Rev. 1948.) Your Job Future After High School. Leaflet. 1949. Occupations for Girls and Women—Selected References. Bull. 229. (In press.) Training for Jobs—for Women and Girls. [Under public funds available for vocational training purposes.] Leaflet 1. 1947. EARNINGS Earnings of Women in Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1946. 14 pp. 1948. 10C Bull. 219, WOMEN’S BUREAU PUBLICATIONS 57 LABOR LAWS Summary of State Labor Laws for Women. 8 pp. 1949. Multilith. Minimum Wage: State Minimum-Wage Law's and Orders, 1942: An Analysis. Bull. 191 52 pp. 1942. 200. Supplement, July 1, 1942-—January 1, 1949. Bull. 227. (Instant publication.) State Minimum-Wage Laws. Leaflet 1, 1948. Model Bill for State minimum-wage law for women. Mimeo. Map showing States having minimum-wage laws. (Desk size; wall size ) Equal Pay: Equal Pay for Women. Leaflet 2. 1947. (Rev. 1948.) Chart analyzing State equal-pay laws and Model Bill. Mimeo. Texts of State laws (separates). Mimeo. Model Bill for State equal-pay law. Mimeo. Selected References on Equal Pay for Women. 10 pp. 1949. Mimeo. Movement for Equal-Pay Legislation in the United States. 5 pp. 1949 Multilith. Hours of Work and Other Labor Laws: State Labor Laws for Women, with Wartime Modifications Dec 15 1944 Bui. 202: ’ ' ’ ’ I. Analysis of Hour Laws. 110 pp. 1945. 150 II. Analysis of Plant Facilities Laws. 43 pp. 1945. 100. III. Analysis of Regulatory Law's, Prohibitory Laws, Maternity Laws 12 pp. 1945. 50. ■ IV. Analysis of Industrial Home-Work Laws. 26 pp. 1945. 100. V. Explanation and Appraisal. 66 pp. 1946. 150. Supplements through 1948. Mimeo. Working Women and Unemployment Insurance. Leaflet. (In press.) Maps of United States showing State hour laws, daily and weekly. (Desk size; wall size.) LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN International Documents on the Status of Women. Bull. 217. 116 pp. 1947 250. Legal Status of Women in the United States of America, January 1, 1948. United States Summary. Bull. 157. (In preparation.) Reports for States, territories and possessions (separates). Bulls. 157-1 through 157-54. 50 and 100 each. I he Political and Civil Status of AVomen in the United States of America. Summary, including Principal Sex Distinctions as of January 1 1948 Leaflet. 1948. ’ ‘ Women’s Eligibility for Jury Duty. Leaflet. July 1, 1949. Reply of United States Government to Questionnaire of United Nations Eco nomic and Social Council on the Legal Status and Treatment of Women. Part I. Public Law. In 6 sections: A and B, Franchise and Public Office; C, Public Services and Functions; D, Educational and Professional OpportunitiesE, Fiscal Law's; F, Civil Liberties; and G, Nationality. Mimeo. HOUSEHOLD EMPLOYMENT Old-Age Insurance for Household Workers. Bull. 220. 20 pp. 1947. 100. Community Household Employment Programs. Bull. 221. 70 pp. 1948. 200. 58 WOMEN’S BUREAU PUBLICATIONS RECOMMENDED STANDARDS for women’s working conditions, safety, and health: Standards of Employment for Women. Leaflet 1* 1946. 50 each. (Rev. 1948.) When You Hire Women. Sp. Bull. 14. 16 pp. 1944. 100 The Industrial Nurse and the Woman Worker. Bull. 228. (Partial re vision of Sp. Bull. 19. 1944.) 48 pp. 1949. 150 Women’s Effective War Work Requires Good Posture. Sp. Bull. 10. 6 pp. 1943. 50 Washing and Toilet Facilities for Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 4. 11 pp. 1942. 50. Lifting and Carrying Weights by Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 2. (Rev. 1946.) 12 pp. 50. Safety Clothing for Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 3. 11pp. 1941. 100. Supplements: Safety Caps; Safety Shoes. 4 pp. ea. 1944. 50 each. Poster—Work Clothes for Safety and Efficiency. WOMEN UNDER UNION CONTRACTS Maternity-Benefits Under Union-Contract Health Insurance I Ians. Bull. 214. 19 pp. 1947. 100. COST OF LIVING BUDGETS Working Women’s Budgets in Twelve States. Bull. 226. 36 pp. 1948. 150. EMPLOYMENT Employment of Women in the Early Postwar Period, with Background of Prewar and War Data. Bull. 211. 14 pp. 1946. 100. Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades. Bull. 218. 260 pp. 1947. 450 (Popular version, Bull. 232, Women’s Jobs: Advance and Growth, in press.) Women Workers After V-Day in One Community—Bridgeport, Conn. Bull. 216. 37 pp. 1947. 150. Baltimore Women War Workers in Postwar Period. 61 pp. 1948. Mimeo. INDUSTRY Women Workers in Power Laundries. Bull. 215. 71 pp. 1947. 200. The Woman Telephone Worker [1944], Bull. 207. 28 pp. 1946. 100. Typical Women’s Jobs in the Telephone Industry [1944]. Bull. 207-A. 52 pp. 1947. 150. Women in the Federal Service, 1923-1947. Part I. Trends in Employment. Bull. 230-1. (In press.) Part II. Occupational Information. Bull. 230-11. (In preparation.) Night Work for Women in Hotels and Restaurants. Bull. 233. (In press.) WOMEN IN LATIN AMERICA Women Workers in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Bull. 195. 15 pp. 1942. 50. Women Workers in Brazil. Bull. 206. 42 pp. 1946. 100. Women Workers in Paraguay. Bull. 210. 16 pp. 1946. 100. Women Workers in Peru. Bull. 213. 41 pp. 1947. 100. Social and Labor Problems of Peru and Uruguay. 1944. Mimeo. Women in Latin America: Legal Rights and Restrictions. (Address before the National Association of Women Lawyers.) THE WOMEN’S BUREAU—Its purpose and functions. Leaflet. 1949. Write the Women’s Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington 25, D. C., for complete list of publications available for distribution.
