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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
MAURICE J. TOBIN, Secretary

WOMEN’S BUREAU
FRIEDA S. MILLER, Director

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS
AND ORDERS
July 1, 1942-January 1, 1949
SUPPLEMENT TO BULLETIN 191

-v^TES

Bulletin

of the

Women’s Bureau, No. 227

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1949

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
Price 20 cents







i

1

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
United States Department

of

Labor,

Women’s Bureau,

Washington, April 28, 1949.
Sir: I have the honor to transmit an analysis of State minimumwage orders now current which either have been revised or newly
issued since publication of the Bureau’s Bulletin 191 in 1942. Eightyone orders and four statutes fixing rates are included in this Supple­
ment and these represent 23 of the 30 jurisdictions now having mini­
mum-wage laws on the statute books. Fifty-seven of the 85 changes
have occurred since the end of World War II.
The research and analyses of the various orders and changes in
laws included in this Supplement are the work of Mary Loretta
Sullivan and Alice Angus, both of the staff of the Bureau’s Division
on Women’s Labor Law and Civil and Political Status. Valuable
assistance was given by Elizabeth Batson of the Editorial Section.
The report was compiled under the direction of Margaret L. Plunkett,
Chief of the Labor Law Division.
Respectfully submitted.
Frieda S. Miller,

Hon.

Maurice

Director.

J. Tobin,
Secretary of Labor.




in

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS
July 1, 1942-January 1, 1949
SUMMARY
This bulletin was prepared by the Women’s Bureau as a Supple­
ment to Bulletin 191, “State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders,”
issued in 1942. In the present analysis, only orders becoming effec­
tive since July 1, 1942, and now current are included. Therefore,
Bulletin 191 must be consulted for analyses of currently effective
orders issued prior to that date. In the present Supplement, the
orders of each State are arranged chronologically according to the
effective date. If the order is a revision, this fact is noted and the
number and effective date of the superseded order are shown. If
more than one revision of an order was made in the 6%-year period,
only the one that is currently effective is shown, but appropriate
references for all intermediate revisions are noted.
State action
Of the 130 minimum-wage orders and statutory rates in effect in
June 1942, 62 have been revised or amended in the 6^-year period
following, and a total of 23 additional orders have been issued by
nine jurisdictions. Of these 23 orders all but 1 established minimum
wages for the industry for the first time. The exceptions were
Kentucky and Minnesota which during this period issued orders for
workers in hotels and restaurants and retail trade, respectively. These
industries had previously been covered by the any occupation orders
of these States.
Of the 30 jurisdictions with minimum-wage laws, 3 (Kansas,
Louisiana, Oklahoma) have no minimum wages in effect at the present
time and 4 (Alaska, Colorado, Maine, Ohio) took no action, up to
January 1, 1949, towards revising existing minimum wages or issuing
new orders for additional industries. Twenty-two States and Terri­
tories established minimum wages in the period: Arizona, California,
Connecticut, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Illinois, Kentucky, Massa­
chusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode
Island, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. (This
includes three with statutory rates—Nevada, South Dakota, and
Hawaii—which amended their laws in the period to set higher basic




1

2

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

minima.) In addition, Arkansas, through a change in the overtime
provisions of its hour law, indirectly improved its statutory rate.
Nine jurisdictions issued orders for industries not previously covered
by an individual occupation wage order: Illinois,1 Minnesota, New
York, and Puerto Rico for retail trade; Kentucky, Massachusetts,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Puerto Rico for
restaurants or public housekeeping; Massachusetts for amusement
and recreation occupations; and New Jersey for beauty parlors.
Puerto Rico also adopted orders for tobacco, sugar, hospitals, beer
and carbonated drinks, theaters and movies, bakery and confectionery,
construction, transportation, laundry and dry cleaning, furniture,
and quarrying.
Number of current orders issued or statutory rates revised, by State,
July 19 42-January 1949
State
Arizona_____________
Arkansas. ___ _____
California__ ______
Connecticut.
District of Columbia.
Hawaii. ________
Illinois..... ......................
Kentucky____ ____ _

Number

State

Number

2
10
4
5
i1
22

State

Number

8
New Jersey
Oregon

......... .

__

1
3
7
3
7

4
82

1 Order was declared void, June 1949.
2 One of these is the all-industries order which covers all industries except hotels and restaurants and
laundries.
8 All occupations order and annually revised canning order.

Distribution of highest basic rates
Of the 66 orders 2 for which wage rates were set by wage boards
during the period, 22 established rates as high as 60 cents an hour,
2 setting rates of 70 cents or better; 22 set minimum rates ranging
from 50 to 59 cents. Twelve orders fall in the 40- to 49-cent range;
10 fall below 40 cents. Of the 52 orders issued since the end of World
War II, only 10 fall below 50 cents.
Amendments to minimum-wage laws
At the time the 1942 analysis was published only one State—
Connecticut—had amended its statute to cover adult males as well
as women and minors in its minimum-wage law. Since that time,
Massachusetts, New York, and Rhode Island have also amended their
wage laws to extend coverage to adult males. These and other amend­
ments to minimum-wage laws, 1943 through 1948, appear on pages
50 to 55. These changes should be used in connection with the
folders following p. 52, in Bulletin 191.
1 Order declared void by Circuit Court of Sangamon County, June 1949,
2 Because of the diversity of coverage of the Puerto Rican orders and the involved methods of payment
set out in these orders, Puerto Rico is not included in this count. Likewise excluded are the 2 orders that
do not set wage rates.




JULY 1, 194 2—JANUARY 1, 19 49

3

Summary of orders by industry
The summary showing the industries covered by State minimumwage rates (pp. 4 to 8) includes all currently effective orders,
irrespective of date of issuance, and therefore replaces a similar
summary section appearing on pages 3-5 of Bulletin 191. As in the
earlier bulletin, classification is by industry or occupation, in accord­
ance with the usual practice of the State in issuing orders. An asterisk
indicates that a revision of the order was made or a new wage set
since July 1, 1942, and that the order now current is included in the
Supplement.
INDUSTRIES COVERED BY STATE MINIMUM-WAGE RATES
[Asterisk indicates that since publication of the Women’s Bureau Bull.

191—“State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders: 1942”—a new
minimum-wage order, revision of a former order, or amendment of
the statutory rate applicable to the industry has become effective in
the State. The summary following shows the orders by their title
and not by the industries and occupations listed in the definition of
coverage of any specific order.]
NONMANUFACTURING

Minimum-wage rates for one or more nonmanufacturing industries
have been established in the laws themselves or by minimum-wage
orders, and are now in effect in 22 States, the District of Columbia,
Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. In 6 of these 26 jurisdictions, the
minimum-wage laws and, except in Connecticut, all wage orders, are
applicable to adult males as well as to women and minors. The States
are Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, Hawaii, and
Puerto Rico.
All 26 jurisdictions have set wages that apply to workers in laundry
establishments and the great majority of these jurisdictions cover
workers in cleaning and dyeing establishments as well as laundries.
Minimum wages for employees in hotels and/or restaurants and in
mercantile or retail trade establishments are now established in 23
jurisdictions. In addition a New Jersey order for retail trade will
become effective June 6, 1949.
Nineteen of the 26 jurisdictions have established minimum wages
for workers in beauty parlors. Twelve jurisdictions have wages
applicable to clerical, technical, or professional work, and work in
packing plants; 11 have minima for workers in amusement and
recreation enterprises and in telephone and/or telegraph establish­
ments; 10 for workers in transportation (intrastate) and for employees
of hospitals (not nurses); and 2 for domestic service.
These State minimum-wage rates apply as follows:




4

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Laundries

Twenty-two States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, ♦Hawaii,
and *Puerto Rico. The States are:
♦Arizona.
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
Colorado.
♦Connecticut.
Illinois.
Kentucky.
♦Massachusetts.

Minnesota.
♦Nevada.
New Hampshire.
♦New Jersey.
♦New York.
♦North Dakota.
Ohio.
♦Oregon.

Pennsylvania.
Rhode Island.
♦South Dakota.
♦Utah.
Washington.
♦Wisconsin.

Dry cleaning and dyeing

Eighteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and
♦Puerto Rico. The States are:
♦Arizona.
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
♦Connecticut.
Kentucky.
♦Massachusetts.

Minnesota.
♦Nevada.
New Hampshire.
♦New Jersey.
♦New York.
♦North Dakota.

Ohio.
♦Oregon.
Rhode Island.
♦Utah.
Washington.
♦Wisconsin.

Mercantile or retail trade

Nineteen States, the ^District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and
*Puerto Rico. The States are:
♦Arizona.
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
Colorado.
♦Connecticut.
♦Illinois.1
♦Kentucky.

♦Massachusetts.
♦Minnesota.
♦Nevada.
♦New Hampshire.
♦New York.
♦North Dakota.
♦Oregon.

♦Rhode Island.
♦South Dakota.
♦Utah.
♦Washington.
♦Wisconsin.

Hotels and restaurants, or public housekeeping

Sixteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and
♦Puerto Rico. The States are:
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
Colorado.
♦Kentucky.
♦Massachusetts.
Minnesota.
♦Nevada.

♦New York (two orders). ♦South Dakota.
♦North Dakota.
*Utah (two orders).
Ohio.
Washington.
♦Oregon.
*Wisconsin.
♦Rhode Island (two or­
ders).

In addition, three States—New Hampshire, *New Jersey, and
*Pennsylvania—cover restaurants only.
1 Order was declared'void, June 1949.




JULY 1, 194 2—JANUARY 1, 1949

5

Beauty culture

Sixteen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii.
The States are:
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
Colorado.
♦Connecticut,
Illinois.
♦Kentucky.

♦Massachusetts.
Minnesota.
♦Nevada.
New Hampshire.
♦New Jersey.
♦New York.

Ohio.
Oregon.
Washington.
♦Wisconsin.

General and professional offices

Nine States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii.
The States are:
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
♦Kentucky.

*Massachusetts.
Minnesota.
*Nevada.

Oregon.
Washington.
*Wisconsin.

Amusement and recreation

Seven States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and
*Puerto Rico. The States are:
♦Arkansas. *
♦California.
♦Kentucky.

*Massachusetts.
Minnesota.
*Nevada.

*Wisconsin.

Telephone and telegraph

Seven States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii.
The States are:
♦Arkansas (with excep- Minnesota.
tions),
*Nevada.
♦Kentucky.
Oregon.

Washington.
*Wisconsin.

In addition, one State—North Dakota—covers the telephone
industry only.
Packing

Nine States, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto Rico (leaf tobacco).
The States are:
♦Arkansas.
Minnesota.
*South Dakota.
♦California(egg, poultry, *Nevada.
*Washington (fruit and
dairy, fruit, vegetable). Oregon (fruit and vegevegetable).
♦Kentucky.
table).
*Wisconsin.
Transportation

Six States, the District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto
Rico. The States are:
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
835669—49-----2




*Kentucky.
Minnesota.

*Nevada.
*Wisconsin.

6

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Hospitals (not nurses)

Six States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and *Puerto
Rico. The States are:
♦Arkansas.
♦Kentucky.

Minnesota.
*Nevada.

Oregon.
*Wisconsin.

Agriculture

Two States, *Nevada and *Wisconsin, and Alaska, ^Hawaii,
*Puerto Rico.
Domestic service

One State—*Wisconsin—and Alaska.
Miscellaneous

Apartment houses—Washington
*Cherry stemming and pitting—Oregon
Office and other building cleaning— *Nut processing, cracking, bleaching,
Massachusetts
grading, and packing—Oregon
Personal service—Oregon
*Quarrying—Puerto Rico
MANUFACTURING

Seventeen States, the *District of Columbia, Alaska, *Hawaii, and
*Puerto Rico have established minimum wages for all manufacturing
or certain branches of manufacturing. In Hawaii, the law of 1941
applies only to employment not covered by the Federal Fair Labor
Standards Act. The States are:
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
Illinois.
♦Kentucky.
Maine.
♦Massachusetts.

Minnesota.
♦Nevada.
New Hampshire.
New Jersey.
♦New York.
North Dakota.

♦Oregon.
Rhode Island.
♦South Dakota.
♦Washington.
♦Wisconsin.

These State minimum-wage rates apply as follows:
All manufacturing

Ten States, the ^District of Columbia, Alaska, and *Hawaii. The
States are:
♦Arkansas.
♦California.
♦Kentucky.
Minnesota.

♦Nevada.
North Dakota.
♦Oregon.
♦South Dakota.

♦Washington.
♦Wisconsin.

Certain branches of manufacturing

Twelve States and *Puerto Rico.
covered appears below.
♦California.
Illinois.
Maine.
♦Massachusetts.




Minnesota.

The type of manufacturing

♦Oregon.
NewHampshire.Rhode Island.
New Jersey.
♦Washington.
*New York.
♦Wisconsin.

JULY 1, 194 2—JANUARY 1, 1949

7

Wearing apparel:

Illinois Wash dresses.
Massachusetts___ Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.
Corsets.
Knit goods.
Men’s clothing and raincoats.
Men’s furnishings.
Millinery.
Women’s clothing.
Women’s and children’s underwear, neckwear, and
cotton garments.
MinnesotaNeedlecraft. (In addition to order for “any
occupations.”)
New Hampshire__Clothing and accessories.
Hosiery and knit goods.
New Jersey______Wearing apparel and allied occupations.
Rhode Island____ Wearing apparel and allied industries.
Canning:

California_______* Canning and preserving. (In addition to order for
“manufacturing.”)
Maine Packing fish and fish products in oil, etc.
Massachusetts___ Canning and food preparations.
Oregon*Canning, dehydrating, and barreling. (In addi­
tion to order for “manufacturing.”)
Washington*Fruit, vegetable, fish, and other canning. (In addi­
tion to order for “manufacturing.”)
Wisconsin* Canning or first processing of perishable fresh fruits
and vegetables. (In addition to order for “any
occupation.”)
Confectionery:

Illinois.
♦Massachusetts.
♦New York.
♦Puerto Rico.
Jewelry:

Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Miscellaneous:

Illinois Macaroni, spaghetti, and noodles.
Massachusetts*Bread and bakery products.
Brushes.
Druggists’ preparations, etc.
Electrical equipment and supplies.
Paper boxes.
Pocketbooks and leather goods.
Stationery goods and envelopes.
Toys, games, and sporting goods.
New Jersey Light manufacturing.




8

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Miscellaneous—Continued

Puerto Rico * Leaf tobacco.
♦Sugar.
♦Beer and carbonated drinks.
♦Construction.
♦Furniture and wood products.

MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS, BY STATE
[Includes all current minimum-wage orders effective since publication of
Women’s Bureau Bulletin No. 191 in 1942. The 21 orders preceded by
an asterisk indicate industries not previously covered by a minimumwage order for that individual industry.]
Arizona:

Retail trades.
Laundry and dry cleaning.
Arkansas:

Law amended to permit overtime
pay after 8 hours.
California:

Kentucky:

♦Hotels and restaurants.
All industries and occupations.
Massachusetts:

Candy.
Beauty culture.
Laundry and dry cleaning.
Bread and bakery products.
Clerical, technical, and similar
occupations.
♦Public housekeeping.
Mercantile.
♦Amusement and recreation.

Manufacturing.
Personal service.
Canning and preserving.
Professional, technical, clerical, and
similar occupations.
Public housekeeping.
Minnesota:
Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing.
♦Retail merchandising.
Mercantile.
Industries handling farm products Nevada:
Law amended to increase minimum
after harvest.
rates, etc.
Transportation.
Amusement and recreation.
New Hampshire:
Retail trade.
Connecticut:
New Jersey:
Mercantile.
♦Beauty culture.
Beauty shops.
♦Restaurants.
Cleaning and dyeing.
Laundry and cleaning and dyeing.2
Laundry.
District of Columbia:

Public housekeeping.
Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing.
Retail trade.
Beauty culture.
Manufacturing and wholesaling.
Hawaii:

New York:

♦Retail trade.
Laundry.
Beauty service.
Confectionery.
Cleaning and dyeing.
Restaurant.
Hotel.

Law amended to increase minimum North Dakota:
rates, etc.
Public housekeeping.
Illinois:
Mercantile.
♦Retail trade.1
Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing.
1 Order declared void, June 1949.
2 In this revision in 1946 the State combined these two industries, Earlier orders covered them separately.




JULY 1, 19 42—JANUARY 1, 1949

9

♦Furniture and wood products.
♦Quarries.
Minors (no wage rate set).
Rhode Island:3
Nut processing.
Canning, dehydrating, and barrel­
Retail trade.
ing.
♦Public housekeeping.
Laundry, cleaning and dyeing.
South Dakota:
Public housekeeping.
Law amended to increase minimum
Mercantile.
rate, etc.
Manufacturing.

Oregon:

Utah:

Pennsylvania:

♦Restaurants.
Puerto Rico:

Retail trade.
Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing.
Restaurant.
Public housekeeping.

♦Tobacco.
Washington:
♦Sugar.
Canning.
♦Hospitals.
Packing.
♦Beer and carbonated drinks.
Manufacturing.
♦Hotels, restaurants, soda fountains.
Mercantile.
♦Theaters, movies, etc.
Minors.
♦Retail.
Wisconsin:
♦Bakery and pastry shops.
♦Construction.
Any occupation including domestic
♦Transportation.
service and agriculture.
Canning (no separate wage rate set).
♦Laundry and dry cleaning.
s Restaurant and hotel restaurant order made mandatory during period.




ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 »
State, order, and effec­
tive date 2

Occupation or industry covered

Class of employees covered

Minimum-wage rates

Hours

No change in law.

Directory, July 12,
1948.
Mandatory, Sept. 12,
1948.
(Supersedes order
2 of June 15,1939.)

Retail, i. e., all selling of merchandise to con­
sumer and not for purpose of resale in any
form. Exception: Worker under 21 whose
chief occupation is that of a student actually
attending public or private school.3

Women and female minors:

Standard workweek, i. e., 48
a week (8 a day, 6 days) or
42 a week (6 a day, 7 days) .4
Less than 4 days a week, 8
hours each.5

Inexperienced:®

Laundry and dry cleaning includes:
(1) Cleaning, dyeing, pressing, processing,
or any other work incidental thereto, of
clothing (including, hats), household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather, or
fabric of any kind; (2) the collection, sale,
resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale
of these services; (3) the producing of such
services on their own behalf, by establish­
ments, businesses, institutions, clubs, or
hospitals which services may be incidental
to their present business; (4) Self-Service
Laundries, Automatic Laundries, HelpYourself Laundries, U-Do-Laundries, and
any type of rental laundries. Exception:
Worker under 21 whose chief occupation
is that of a student actually attending pub­
lic or private school.

f$12.50 a week....... ................... .
\27J^ cents an hour
____ ______ Second 6 months________ ____ f $14 a week
Full-time employee, i. e., one who Weekly rate prorated. ......... ......
works 8 hours a day on 4 or more
days a week.
Women and minors:
Experienced:
In laundry industry___
$18.72 a week 7 _____ _

If employee on voluntary ab­
sence.

Arkansas:
Mar. 20, 1915
Wage fixed in law.
Digest (Pope) 1937,

)
J

Do.
Less than standard week.

36 a week.
O ver 36 a week 4 or during
periods when basic weekly
minimum need not be
paid.7

Over 36 a week 4 or during
periods when basic weekly
minimum need not be
paid.7

If employee on voluntary ab­
sence.
Inexperienced and apprentices (3
months).8

Jsame as for experienced.

90 percent of the applicable min­
imum rate.

Less than 36 a week.6

(Deductions from minimum
wage for meals, lodging, or
both, allowed only on special
permit.)
Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile es­
tablishment, laundry, express or transportation company, hotel, restaurant, eating

Females:


http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
_______L-L________a
____ i____ i________ i____ I____i_______ s________ ________________ i
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

8 a day, 6 days a week.
Do.®

T _

-

-V

*

*_______

v

*

*

L

MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Arizona:
No. 1-A
Directory, Apr. 17,
1943.
Mandatory, June 17,
1943.
(Supersedes order
1 of Feb. 1, 1939.)

1

secs. 9094,9096-9100;
session laws 1943,
Act 70 (amending
secs. 9084 and 9095.)

▼

*

T

place, bank, building and loan association,
insurance company, finance or credit busi­
ness, or work in any capacity other than oc­
cupations expressly exempted by law. Ex­
ceptions: Domestic, agricultural or horticul­
tural employment; cotton factory; gathering
of fruits or farm products; switchboard op­
erators in public telephone exchanges hav­
ing less than 500 stations who are exempt
under section 13 (a) par. 11 of the Federal
Fair Labor Standards Act.

All.

Women and minors:
Experienced.......... .................... .........
Inexperienced:
Women over 18 in skilled or semi­
skilled occupations (200hours).12
Minors under 18 12
Women 18 and over when overtime
is permitted by hour law.
If employee works a split shift........

+

V/i times employee's regular
rate.
Pro rata__________ __________

Over 8 a day or on seventh
consecutive day.10
Less than 8 a day.

65 cents an hour.

8 a day, 48 a week (maxi­
mum).11

50 cents an hour

Do.11

Do.11
do__________ ____________
times employee’s regular Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week in an emergency as
rate.
defined in order.
65 cents a day in addition to
minimum wage.
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)

No. 2 R, June 1, 1947.._ Personal service, i. e., any industry, business,
or establishment operated for the purpose of
rendering, directly or indirectly, any service,
(Supersedes. order 2
operation, or process used or useful in the
NS of Nov. 23,1942.)
care, cleansing, or beautification of the body,
skin, nails, or hair, or in the enhancement of
personal appearance or health; including,
but not limited to, barber and beauty shops,
bath and massage parlors, physical condi­
tioning and weight control salons, and
mortuaries.
No. 3 R, June 1, 1947-.. Canning and preserving, i. e., any industry,
business, or establishment operated for the
purpose of cooking, canning, curing, freezing,
(Supersedes orders
pickling, salting, bottling, preserving, or
3A of Sept. 14, 1929,
otherwise processing any fruits, vegetables,
6A of May 9, 1923,
or seafood when the purpose of such process­
and 3NS of Feb. 8,
ing
is the preservation of the product.
1943.)

See footnotes at end of table.




Women and minors--------- -----------

65 cents an hour------------- -------

Minors under 18 12------------------------Women 18 and over when overtime is
permitted by hour law.

50 cents an hour
lYz. times employee’s regular
rate.

If employee works a split shift---------- 65 cents a day in addition to the
minimum wage.

8 a day, 48 a week (max­
imum).11
Do.11
Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week in an emergency as
defined in order.

(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at the prices
specified in the order.)
Women and minors.
Minors under 18 l2—
Women 18 and over.

8 a day, 48 a week.12
Do.13
Over 8 and up to 12 a day and
the first 8 on seventh con­
secutive day.14
Double employee’s regular rate_. Over 12 a day and all in
excess of 8 on seventh con­
secutive day.14
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)

65 cents an hour--------------------50 cents an hour--------------------tyk times employee’s regular
rate.

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

California:
No. 1 R, June 1, 1947... Manufacturing, i. e., any industry, business,
or establishment operated for the purpose
of preparing, producing, making, altering,
(Supersedes order 1
repairing, finishing, processing, inspecting,
NS of June 29,1942.)
handling, assembling, wrapping, bottling,
or packaging goods, articles, or commodities,
in whole or in part. Exceptions: Any such
activities covered by orders for canning and
preserving and industries handling farm
products after harvest.

Y

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date 2

Occupation or industry covered

No. 5 R, June 1,1947___ Public housekeeping, i. e., any industry,
business, or establishment which provides
(Supersedes orders
meals, housing, or maintenance services, and
12A of Sept. 14,
includes restaurants; lunch counters; cafe­
1923, and 5 NS of
terias; catering, banquet, or box-lunch
June 28, 1943.)
service; curb service; boarding houses; all
other establishments where food in either
solid or liquid form is prepared for and served
to the public to be consumed on the prem­
ises; hotels and motels; apartment houses;
rooming houses; camps; clubs (private and
public); hospitals, sanitariums, or rest
homes; private schools, colleges, or nurseries;
other establishments offering rooms, offices,
or lofts for rent; building or house, cleaning or
maintenance services. Exception: Graduate
nurses or nurses in training in an accredited
school.
No. 6 R, June 1, 1947... Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., any
industry, business, or establishment operated
(Supersedes orders 7A
for the purpose of washing, ironing, cleaning,
of July 23,1923, and
refreshing, restoring, pressing, dyeing, fumi­
6 NS of June 21,
gating, moth-proofing, water-proofing, or
1943.)
other processes incidental thereto, on articles


http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve Bank-Aof St. Louis

4____ t

I

A

Women and minors:
Experienced_____

65 cents an hour.

Inexperienced:
Women over 18 in skilled or semi­ 50 cents an hour.......... ...............
skilled occupations (200 hours) ,18
Minors under 18 12_____________ ___ do_____________ _________
Women 18 and over when over­ 1J4 times employee’s regular
time is permitted by hour law.
rate.
If employee works a split shift.

to

Minimum-wage rates

65 cents a day in addition to the
minimum wage.

Hours

8 a day, 48 a week (maxi­
mum).11
Do.11
Do.11
Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week in an emergency as
defined in order.

(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)

Women and minors......... ....................
Minors under 18 12
Women 18 and over when overtime is
permitted by hour law.
If employee works a split shift

65 cents an hour___ __________ 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi­
mum) .11
50 cents an hour_____ ________
Do.11
1times employee’s regular rate. Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week in an emergency as
defined in order.
65 cents a day in addition to the
minimum wage.
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)

Women and minors:
Experienced.......................................
Inexperienced:
Women over 18 in skilled or semi­
skilled occupations (200hours).12
Minors under 1812.........................

k

65 cents an hour.

8 a day, 48 a week (maxi­
mum).11
Do.11

50 cents an hour.
___ do.................

i___ I___ L

Do.11

*

4

4

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

California—Continued
No. 4 R, June 1,1947___ Professional, technical, clerical, and similar
occupations include office workers, clerks,
(Supersedes orders 9 A
typists, stenographers, office-machine oper­
of Aug. 28,1933, and
ators, bookkeepers, accountants, accounting
4 NS of June 28,
clerks, computers, statisticians, tellers,
1943.)
cashiers, collectors, telephone, telegraph,
and teletype operators, messengers, board
markers, ticket agents, appraisers, teachers,
instructors, librarians and their assistants,
physicians’ and dentists’ assistants and
attendants, research, X-ray, medical, or
dental laboratory technicians and their
assistants, and similar occupations. Excep­
tions: Any such occupation when performed
in an industry covered by another minimum
wage order; employees licensed or certified
by the State and engaged in the practice of
law, medicine, dentistry, architecture, engi­
neering, teaching, or accounting; exchange
operator of a small telephone company
whose duties as operator are incidental to
other duties.

Class of employees covered

>

L

*

v

■»

L

835669—49---- 3

or fabrics of any kind, including clothing,
hats, drapes, rugs, curtains, household fur­
nishings, textiles, furs, or leather goods; and
the collection, distribution, sale or resale at
retail or wholesale of these services.

'

i

l

'

*

M

W

Women 18 and over when overtime
is permitted by hour law.

llA times employee’s regular
rate.

If employee works a split shift-.......

65 cents a day in addition to the
minimum wage.

Women and minors:
Experienced—..................................
Inexperienced:
Women over 18 in skilled or semi­
skilled occupations (200 hours).12
Minors under 18.12..........................
Women 18 and over when overtime is
permitted by hour law.

Women and minors:
Experienced.......................
Inexperienced:
Women 18 years and over in
skilled or semiskilled occupations (200 hours).12
Minors under 1812_.........
Women 18 years and over..

No. 9 R, June 1,1947... Transportation, i. e., any industry, business,
or establishment operated for the purpose of
(Supersedes order 9
conveying persons or property from one
NS of Aug. 27,
place to another, whether by rail, highway,
1943.)
air, or water; and all operations or services
in connection therewith, including storing or
warehousing of goods or property, and the
repairing, parking, or maintenance of
vehicles.

Women and minors...............................
Minors under 1812_........ .....................
Women 18 years and over when over­
time is permitted by hour law.
If employee works a split shift.............

H

*

Y

Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week in an emergency as
defined in order.

(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)
65 cents an hour...........................
50 cents an hour...........................
___ do.............. .............................
V/2 times employee’s regular
rate.

If employee works a split shift.......... 65 cents a day in addition to the
minimum wage.

No. 8 R, June 1,1947.__ Industries handling farm products after har­
vest, i. e., any industry, business, or estab­
(Supersedes orders
lishment operated for the purpose of grading,
8 A of Aug. 8, 1923,
sorting, cleaning, drying, packing, dehy­
15A of Sept. 14,1923,
drating, cracking, shelling, candling, sepa­
and 8 NS of Aug.
rating, slaughtering, plucking, pasteurizing,
27,1943.)
ripening, molding, or otherwise preparing
any agricultural, horticultural, egg, poultry,
rabbit, or dairy products for distribution.

*

8 a day, 48 a week (maxi­
mum).11
Do.11
Do.11
Over 8 a day or over 48 a week
in an emergency as defined
in order.

(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)
65 cents an hour1
50 cents an hour....... ...... ...........

8 a day, 48 a week.13
Do.13

___ do................... .........................
Do.13
Hi times employee’s regular rate. Over 8 and up to 12 a day
and the first 8 on seventh
consecutive day.1*
Double employee’s regular rate... Over 12 a day and all in ex­
cess of 8 on seventh con­
secutive day.14
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

No. 7 R, June 1, 1947... Mercantile, i. e., any industry, business, or
establishment operated for the purpose of
(Supersedes orders 5A
purchasing, selling, or distributing goods or
commodities at wholesale or retail.
of Apr. 8, 1923, and
7 NS of June 21,
1943.)

7

65 cents an hour................... ........ 8 a day, 48 a week (maxi­
mum).11
50 cents an hour................... ........
Do.11
1H times employee’s regular Over 8 a day or over 48 a
rate.
week in an emergency as
defined in order.
65 cents a day in addition to the
minimum wage.
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.)

See footnotes at end of table.



CO

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942
State, order, and effec­
tive date2

Occupation or industry covered

Colorado.
Connecticut:
No. 7A for women and
minors, 7B for adult
males, Mar. 18,
1946.
(Supersedes orders 7A
and 7B of June 1,
1942.)

No. 1A for women and
minors, IB for
adult males, Mar.
3, 1947.
(Supersedes orders 1A
and IB of Mar. 3,
1941.)


http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
r Louis
Federal Reserve Bank^__
of St.

Class of employees covered

Minimum-wage rates

Hours

Women and minors_______________

65 cents an hour....... ...................

Minors under 1812
Women 18 and over when overtime is
permitted by the hour law.

50 cents an hour___ _________
IK times employee’s regular
rate.

If employee works a split shift.............

65 cents a day in addition to the
minimum wage.

8 a day, 48 a week (maxi­
mum).11
Do.11
Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week in an emergency as
defined in order.

(Deductions for meals or lodging
permitted at prices specified
in the order.)

No change in orders.
Mercantile trade, i. e., the wholesale or retail
selling of commodities and any operation or
service incidental thereto, such as buying,
delivery, maintenance, repair, office, stock,
and clerical work. Exceptions: Gasoline
filling stations; selling of food or drink for
consumption on the premises whether or not
the establishment is devoted exclusively to
such purpose unless the person is employed
both to sell food or drink for consumption on
the premises and to perform a service in the
mercantile trade; persons working exclusive­
ly as outside salespeople who are paid in
whole or in part on a commission basis.

Women and minors; men:
Full-time employees other than
“minor beginners.”
Part-time employees other than co­
operative students during training
period and “minor beginners.”
Part-time cooperative students
(women and minors) enrolled in
distributive education programs
(6 months).
Minor beginners 16 and under 18
years of age (6 months):
Full-time employees............. ..........
Part-time employees........... ...........
All employees17--------- ------ -...........

Beauty shop, i. e., any shop, store, or place, or
part thereof, in which is conducted the busi­
ness of a hairdresser or cosmetician as defined
in this State’s 1935 Statutes.

Women and minors; men:
3-year operators, i. e., registered hair­
dressers and cosmeticians:
Full time____________________

$22 a week..........

36 to 44 a week.15

55 cents an hour.

Less than 36 a week.1*

45 cents an hour.

Do.1*

$18 a week......................... ...........
45 cents an hour______ _____ _
IK times employee’s regular
hourly rate.17

36 to 44 a week.15
Less than 36 a week.16
Over 44 a week.18

$28 a week.

On 4 or more days a week
irrespective of the hours
worked on any day.
8 or less a day on 3 days a
week or less.
Over 44 a week or if part­
time worker over 8 a day.1®

Part time.

$5.50 a day.

Overtime.

95 cents an hour.

2-year operators, i. e., licensed assist­
ant hairdressers and cosmeti­
cians; and clerks, i. e., appoint-

A.

1_____

A.

A

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

California—Continued
No. 10 R, June 1, 1947.. Amusement and recreation, i. e., any indus­
try, business, or establishment operated for
(Supersedes order 10
the purpose of furnishing entertainment or
NS of Aug. 27,
recreation to the public, including but not
limited
to theaters, night clubs, dance halls,
1943.)
bowling alleys, billiard parlors, skating
rinks, riding academies, race tracks, amuse­
ment parks, athletic fields, swimming pools,
gymnasiums, golf courses, tennis courts,
carnivals, broadcasting studios, and wired
music studios. Exception: Performers whose
activities involve the exercise of artistic tal­
ent or athletic proficiency.

Continued

'v

*

r

L

>

w

ment clerks, desk clerks, tele­
phone operators, bookkeepers,
stenographers or typists, or other
clerical workers:
Full time.........................................
Part time___________________
Overtime____________________
1-year operators, i. e., licensed oper­
ators:
Full time...................................... .
Part time________

(Supersedes order 3 of
Oct. 7,1940.)

Cleaning and dyeing, i. e., cleaning, dyeing,
redyeing, or pressing garments (including
hats), upholstery, rugs, or any other fabrics,
any process incidental thereto, including
collecting and receiving such articles for the
above purposes, of giving out or collecting
such articles after they have been cleaned,
dyed, redyed, or pressed. Exception: Any
such process when carried on in establish­
ments manufacturing textiles or garments
(including hats).

No. 2, Sept. 29, 1947.... Laundry establishment includes any place in
which any service in connection with any
(Supersedes manda­
activity of the laundry occupation is per­
tory order 2 of
formed for compensation, except in domes­
June 3,1940.)
tic service.
Laundry occupation, i. e., (1) washing, iron­
ing, or processing incidental thereto, of
laundry wares and all other operations car­
ried on in establishments engaged in this
business; (2) collecting, sale, resale, or dis­
tribution at retail or wholesale of laundry
service and keeping of accounts, billing, and
any other clerical work in connection there­
with; (3) producing of laundry service for
their own use by business establishments,
clubs, hospitals, or other public or private
institutions except those completely sup­
ported by the State or municipalities.

See footnotes at end of table.



y

*

jp

Same as shown for 3-year
operators.

1

Maids, porters, and cleaners:
Full time ... ____________ ____
Part time...
Overtime
Full-time workers voluntarily ab- Prorated______________
sent in any week.
(Deductions for uniforms and
maintenance of uniforms
permitted, but in no case
may the wage paid fall be­
low the minimum.)
Women and minors:
Experienced
Inexperienced (13 weeks) 21................
Experienced and inexperienced____ 1J4 times employee's regular rate.

Women and minors:
Employees other than route saleswomen.

55 cents an hour...........................

Any woman or minor. Exceptions:
Executive employees (as defined)
and route saleswomen.

ltt times employee's regular
rate.

Do.

32 to 44 a week.
Less than 32 a week.
Over 44 a week.19
Actual time worked.

9 a day, 45 a week.29
Do.20
Over 45 a week.22

Up to and including 44 a
week.16
9 a day, 48 a week.
Over 44 a week.22

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9

No. 3, June 2, 1947

r

*

(Any deduction for meals and
lodging must be in accord­
ance with rates set by the
Commissioner of Labor.
No such deduction per­
mitted if employee is receiv­
ing training or new exper­
ience at a place other than
the regular place of employ­
ment.)
Oi

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date2

(Supersedes order 5
of July 5, 1938.)


http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
____
Federal Reserve
Bankir_____
of St. Louis

*

Class of employees covered

Public housekeeping, i. e., the work of host­
esses, waitresses, cooks, counter girls, salad
girls, food checkers, bus girls, vegetable girls,
dish and glass washers, kitchen help, cham­
bermaids, parlor maids, linen-room girls,
cleaners, janitresses, charwomen, telephone
operators, hat-check girls, elevator opera­
tors, cashiers, clerical workers, and all such
nonprofessional workers as may be properly
classified in this occupation in: (1) res­
taurants, either licensed or unlicensed,
whether operated as the principal business
of the employer or as a department or unit of
another business, (2) lunch counters, (3)
cafeterias, (4) catering or banquet or boxlunch service, (5) curb service, (6) boarding
houses which offer meals for sale to 5 or more
persons, (7) all other establishments where
lunches, meals, or food in solid and/or liquid
form are prepared for and served to the
public, (8) hotels, (9) apartment houses,
(10) rooming houses offering rooms for rent
to 5 or more persons, (11) auto-camps, (12)
clubs, (13) hospitals, (14) private schools,
(15) colleges, (16) any other est ablishments
offering rooms for rent to the public, and (17)
women engaged in the care and servicing of
apartment houses, theaters, office buildings,
retail stores, and other similar establish­
ments as well as in those listed above.

Women and minors:
Hostesses, telephone operators, hatcheck girls, elevator operators,
cashiers, clerical workers, and all
similar workers.
Counter girls, salad girls, food
checkers, cooks, bus girls, and all
similar workers.
Chambermaids, parlor maids, linenroom girls, cleaners, janitresses,
charwomen, vegetable girls, dish
and glass washers, kitchen help,
and all similar workers.
Workers in all three classifications
above.

40 to 48 a week.4

Do.4
Do.4

Less than 40 a week.*
$17.90 a week; $22.30 where tipping is not allowed.

36 to 48 a week.4

Workers not covered by hour law... 5 cents in addition to the legal
hourly rate.
If employee works a split shift, or if 60 cents a day in addition to the
applicable minimum wage.
spread of hours exceeds 11, or both.

Over 48 a week.

(Deductions for meals, lodg­
ing, or uniforms permitted
at prices specified in the
order.)

$22 a week 23___ ____ _______

Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., (1)
the cleaning, pressing, finishing, refreshing,
dyeing, or processing of any article of wear­
ing apparel (including hats), household fur­
nishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather (includ­
ing shoes), or fabric whatsoever; (2) collec­
tion, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or
wholesale of any laundry, dry cleaning, or
dyeing service; (3) the work performed by
clerical workers and telephone operators in
connection with the production and furnish-

Over 16 and including 44 a
week.
16 or less a week.

•A

-_____ i

• •
* _

A

*

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

District of Columbia:
No. 4, Jan. 1, 1946----(Supersedes order 4
of May 8,1938.)

OS
Hours

Minimum-wage rates

Occupation or industry covered

v

*■

1

-'V

«

*

*

i

l

V

ing of these services; (4) the production of
laundry, dry cleaning, or dyeing services on
its own behalf by any establishment, busi­
ness, institution, club, or hospital, which
services may be incidental to its principal
business.
No. 3, June 16,1947.......
(Supersedes order 3 of
Feb. 14,1938.)

Retail trade, i. e., the selling or offering for
sale at retail of any goods, wares, merchan­
dise, articles, or things, and all occupations,
operations, and services connected there­
with or incidental thereto.

Women and minors:
Operators and all other employees
except maids and cleaners.
Maids and cleaners

Employee whose normal work­
week is 34 hours or more, volun­
tarily absent in any week.
If employee works a split shift, or
spread of hours exceeds 10, or both.

(For any uniform laundered
by employee 50 cents addi­
tional must be paid.)
$30.60 a week................................ 34 but not more than 44 a
week.
95 cents an hour____ _________ Less than 34 a week. #
95 cents an hour____ _________ Over 44 a week.
$24.50 a week................... ........... 34 but not more thajf44
week.
75 cents an hour............................ Less than 34 a week.®
75 cents an hour
Over 44 a week.
Basic minimum wage may be Actual time worked.
prorated.
95 cents a day in addition to the
applicable minimum wage.
(If employee furnishes and
launders uniforms, $1.50 a
week must be added to
minimum wage.)

See footnotes at end of table.




#

JULY 1. 194 2—JANUARY 1, 1949

No. 6, Mar. 27, 1948___ Beauty culture includes all services, opera­
tions, or processes used or useful in the care,
(Supersedes order 6
cleansing, or beautification of skin, nails, or
of Sept. 26, 1938.)
hair, or in the enhancement of personal ap­
pearance; and all services, operations, or
processes incidental thereto.

Women and minors....... ............ ......... $25 a week........ .......................... . 36 up to and including 44 a
week.
Employees whose normal workweek Basic minimum wage may be Actual time worked.
is 36 hours or more, voluntarily ab­
prorated.
sent in any week.
Part time.............. ......... ............ .......... 65 cents an hour......................... Less than 36 a week.2*
Student under 18 for whom certificate 55 cents an hour......................... .
Do.
is in employer’s file (9 months fol­
lowing original issuance of certificate).
Overtime------------------------------------- 65 cents an hour........................... Over 44 a week.*
If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day in addition to the
spread of hours exceeds 10, or both.
applicable minimum wage.

%

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 >—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date8

Occupation or industry covered


http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
*
Federal Reserve______+
Bank of St.T________
Louis

All employment. Exceptions: Public employ­
ment; persons at a guaranteed monthly sal­
ary of $150 or more; agricultural work in any
workweek in which employer has fewer than
20 employees; domestic service; employment
by relatives as specified in the act; work in a
bona fide executive, administrative, super­
visory, or professional capacity or in the
capacity of outside salesmen or as outside
collectors; the propagating, catching, culti­
vating, etc., of fish, shellfish, and the various
other aquatic forms of animal or vegetable
life (including the going to and returning

A

4________ ,____ 1___ 1

Hours

Women and minors;
Office, plant, and other employees
except maids and cleaners.
Do.

ployer has student certificates on
file (9 months following issuance
of certificate).

Employee whose normal working
time is 32 hours or more, volun­
tarily absent in any week.
Employee registered under the Dis­
trict of Columbia Apprenticeship
Law for whom employer has ap­
prentice wage permit on file (12
months following date of applica­
tion).

Hawaii:
Revised Laws 1945, ch.
75, as amended by
Act 15, session laws,
1945. Amended rates
effective July 1,1945.

Minimum-wage rates

Basic minimum-wage may be
prorated.

Actual time worked.

80 percent of the minimum
weekly rate.

(If employee furnishes and
launders uniform $1.50 a
week must be added to tne
minimum wage; if she laun­
ders only, $1; if she furnishes
only, 50 cents.)

All employees, 16 years of age and over.

Over 48 a week.
(Reasonable deductions from
minimum wage permitted
for board and for lodging.)

' A

____ M____ r____ L________^ ■ A____ *________A____ 11________ k____

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

District of Columbia—
Continued
No. 8, Nov. 17, 1948___ Manufacturing and wholesaling includes the
preparing, producing, or processing, or the
selling or offering for sale at wholesale of any
(Supersedes order 8 of
June 5, 1939.)
goods, wares, merchandise, articles, or com­
modities, and all occupations, operations,
and services connected therewith or inci­
dental thereto.

Class of employees covered

A

*

v

Illinois:
No. 6*....................... .
Directory. Aug. 12,
194?.

*

Y

v*

T7

from work and the loading and unloading oi
such products prior to first processing); sea­
men; employments covered by the Federal
Fair Labor Standards Act; members of a
religious order or individuals donating their
services to a hospital, religious, fraternal or
charitable organization.
Retail trade includes all establishments selling
or offering for sale, at retail, to the consumer
and not for resale purposes, any goods, wares,
merchandise, articles, or things, and all oc­
cupations, operations, and services in con­
nection therewith or incidental thereto.
Exception: Employees of above establish­
ments engaged in an occupation or industry
governed by another minimum-wage order
of the State.*

Women and minors:
Experienced........
Inexperienced (3 months or 600 hours
of actual working time).

55 cents an hour.
45 cents an hour...........................

8 a day, 4S a week (maxi­
mum) .28
Do.26

(Deductions from minimum
wage allowed only on per­
mit from Division of Wom­
en’s and Children’s Em­
ployment.)

No wage rates now in effect.

Kentucky:
Directory, Oct. 1, 1942.. Hotels and restaurants___ _______________
Mandatory, Apr. 1,
Hotels, i. e., establishments having more
1943.
than 10 guest rooms which offer lodging
accommodations for hire to the general
(Included also in
public and have transient guests.
Bull. 191.)
Restaurants, i. e., establishments prepar­
ing and offering for sale food for con­
sumption.

Women and minors:
Zone 1:27
Service employee, i. e., one en­
gaged in taking of orders and
serving of food or beverages to
guests or customers seated at
tables; one delivering messages
or articles, as a bell boy.
Nonservice employee, i. e., one
not in a service occupation.
Zone 2:2r
Service (see above)..........................
Nonservice (see above)...................
Zone 3: 27
Service (see above)..........................
Nonservice (see above)..................

25 cents an hour...
37J^ cents an hour.

Up to 48 a week.
Over 48 a week.2®

30 cents an hour...
45 cents an hour...

Up to 48 a week.
Over 48 a week.28

23 cents an hour...
34M cents an hour.
28 cents an hour...
42 cents an hour...

Up to 48 a week.
Over 48 a week.28
U p to 48 a week.
Over 48 a week.28

21 cents an hour...
31J^ cents an hour.
25 cents an hour...
37M cents an hour.

Up to 50 a week.
Over 50 a week.28
Up to 50 a week.
Over 50 a week.28

Zone 4:27
Service (see above).......................... 20 cents an hour...
30 cents an hour...
Nonservice (see above)................... 22 cents an hour...
33 cents an hour...

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

Kansas.

f

Up to 52 a week.
Over 52 a week.28
Up to 52 a week.
Over 52 a week.28

* Order declared void by Circuit Court of Sangamon County, June 1949.
See footnotes at end of table.




CO

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942
State, order, and effec­
tive date 2

(Supersedes order of
June 1,1939.)

All occupations. Exceptions: Labor on a farm;
domestic service in home of the employer;
firms subject to regulation by the State Pub­
lic Service Commission; employment under
any special State wage order. (Two special
minimum-wage orders are currently in effect:
(1) the laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing
order; (2) the hotel and restaurant order.)

Class of employees covered

Women and minors:29
Experienced:

Minimum-wage rates

Hours

Up to 48 a week.
Do.
Do.
Over
48 a week.28
V/i times minimum rate............
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted only
when employee is domiciled
with employer and a written
agreement made as to any
such deductions. Order
specifies maximum charge
for meals and for lodging.)

No orders issued.
No change in order.
Massachusetts:
Session laws 1946, ch.
545, Sept. 11, 1946.

Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law and existing
orders extended to men.
Candy, includes all activities, services, and
processes performed by an employee for an
employer or his agent in the manufacture of
candy and confections, including the mak­
ing, preparing, processing, handling, and in­
specting of such goods or materials, and all
activities in any manner connected there­
with, such as wrapping, packaging, or prep­
aration for sale or display thereof. Excep­
tions: Occupations within the industry cov­
ered by another minimum-wage order.

Women and minors; men:

No. 23......... ................... Beauty culture, i. e., all services, operations, or
processes used or useful in the care, cleans­
Directory, Nov. 1,
ing, or beautification of skin, nails, or hair,
1942.
or in the enhancement of personal appear­
Mandatory, Apr. 1,
ance, or as in the General Laws pertaining
1943.
to Hairdressers.
(Supersedes order 23
of June 1,1940.)

Women and minors; men:

Directory, Sept. 15.
1942.
Mandatory, Mar. 1,
1943.
(Supersedes order 6
of Oct. 1, 1937.)


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Federal Reserve
Banktof
St. Louis a
_____
___i______

___ i______ i___ I___i______ *

Maximum for women and
minors, 9 a day, 48 a week.80
Do.30

Inexperienced (12 months for dip­
pers, stringers, miniature packers;
6 months for other occupations).
(Deductions from minimum
wage allowed only if consent
of employee and approval
of Minimum Wage Com­
mission are obtained.)

Inexperienced:

Employee voluntarily absent in any
week.

■*

>______ i

Over 32 a week.30
Over 32 a week.80

$12 a week

$15 a week_________ ___ _____ Over 32 a week.30
Actual time worked.

1______ V

*

<_____

*■

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Kentucky—Continued
Directory, Feb. 8, 1947.
Mandatory, May 27,
1947.

Occupation or industry covered

Continued

»-----6*—699SS8

7

*

~

V

*

'

L

+

'y

Y

*

7

L

*---- W---- *---------- ?----- y

V7

(Deductions from minimum
wage or bringing higher
wages below the minimum
allowed only if consent of
employee and approval of
Minimum Wage Commis­
sion are obt ained.)

.15-A, Oct. 1, 1944.

Bread and bakery products, includes all activ­
ities, services, and processes performed by
an employee in the manufacture of bread,
doughnuts, biscuits, crackers, and other
bakery products, including the making, pre­
paring, processing, handling, and inspec­
tion of such goods or materials; wrapping,
packaging, and preparation for sale or dis­
play thereof, and all other activities inci­
dental thereto or in any manner connected
therewith. Exceptions: Occupations within
the industry covered by another minimumwage order.
See footnotes at end of table.

Supersedes order 15
of Nov. 1, 1938.)




Women and minors; men.

40 cents an hour.......................... . Maximum for women and
minors, 9 a day, 48 a
(Deductions bringing wage
week.*011
below minimum allowed
only if consent of em­
ployee and approval of
M inimum-Wage Commis­
sion are obtained.
Deductions from minimum
wage for meals and lodging
permitted if employee de­
sires these accommodations.
Maximum charges specified
in the order.)

Women'and minors; men

40 cents an hour..
(Deductions bringing wage
below minimum allowed
only if consent of employee
and approval of Minimum
Wage Commission are ob­
tained.)

Maximum for women and
minors, 9 a day, 48 a week.

JULY 1, 19 4 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

No. 1—A, Feb. 1,1944.. Laundry and dry cleaning:
Laundry includes any activity connected
(Supersedes order 1 of
with the washing, ironing, or processing
Oct. 1, 1937.)
incidental thereto, for compensation, of
clothing, napery, blankets, bed clothing,
or fabric of any kind; the collecting, sale,
resale, or distribution at retail or whole­
sale of laundry services; the producing of
laundry service for their own use by busi­
ness establishments, hospitals, clubs, col­
leges, private schools or profit-making
institutions; or any other employment
connected with the laundry industry.
Dry cleaning includes any activity con­
nected with cleaning and dyeing, wet
cleaning incidental to dry cleaning, dye­
ing, spotting, finishing, pressing, receiv­
ing, shipping or packaging, repairing,
altering, or storing of any fabric which is
rendered for hire, sold, resold, or offered
for sale or resale incidental to this indus­
try; or the collecting, sale, resale, or dis­
tribution at retail or wholesale of dry
cleaning services; or any other employ­
ment connected with the dry cleaning
industry.
Exceptions: Occupations within industry
covered by another minimum-wage order.

to

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942
State, order, and effec­
tive date 2

(Supersedes order 24
of Aug. 1,1941.)

0.25-A............... .

Directory, Dec. 1,
1947.
Mandatory, Mar. 2,
1948.
(Supersedes and ex­
tends coverage of
order 25 of Apr. 15,
1942, and transfers
from order 21 of
Dec. 1, 1940, em­
ployees in estab­
lishments now cov-


http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
Federal Reserve Bankv-of St. Louis

Class of employees covered

Clerical, technical, and similar occupations,
i. e., all occupations in any general, business,
professional, or technical office or in any
laboratory, hospital, library, school, tele­
phone, telegraph, or radio broadcasting
establishment, or in messenger service, or
other establishments wherein workers are
employed in any capacity in which the
services of any kind and wheresoever per­
formed are of a clerical or technical character.
Exceptions: Such occupations if specifically
covered by another minimum-wage order.
Workers in clerical, technical, and similar
occupations include those persons whose
duties are related to general office work in
any establishment, whether business, medi­
cal, dental, technical, or legal, such as office
boys or girls, file clerks, general office clerks,
stenographers, typists, bookkeepers, cash­
iers, various office machine operators, tele­
phone and switchboard operators, recep­
tionists, library workers, dental and medical
technicians, and laboratory assistants.
Messengers defined as employees who sort and
distribute incoming mail, collect, enclose,
stamp, and seal outgoing mail, deliver or
obtain letters, messages, packages, docu­
ments, records, and other items to or from
offices within the establishment or to and
from other business concerns.

Women and minors; men:32
Experienced (other than messen­
gers).

Public houskeeping, i. e., any activity in
establishments directly or indirectly con­
nected with the preparation of and offering
of food or beverages for human consumption;
and the offering or furnishing of rooms or
lodgings for remuneration, either to the
public, employees, members or guests of
members, paying guests, students, or others,
whether such service is operating as the
principal business of the employer or as a
unit of another business.
Public housekeeping occupations include the
work performed by waitresses, cooks, count­
er and salad workers, food checkers, bus

Women and minors; men:
N onservice employees......................

k

«

to

Minimum-wage rates

60 cents an hour.

Hours

Maximum for women and
minors, 9 a day, 48 a
vfeek.30 33
Do.30 33

Inexperienced (other than messen- 55 cents an hour.
gers) (800 hours in the occupations).
All messengers______________________ do____ ____

Do.30 33

(Deductions bringing wage
below the minimum allowed
only if consent of employee
and approval of Minimum
Wage Commission are ob­
tained.
Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.
If employee launders uni­
forms, 25 cents per uniform
must be added to minimum
wage.)

50 cents an hour___
55 cents an hour___
Service employees................. ............. 35 cents an hour___
40 cents an hour___
Full-time workers voluntarily ab­ Regular hourly rate.
sent in any week or part-time
workers employed 40 hours or
(Deductions for meals and
more in week.
lodging permitted at prices
specified in the order.
If employee launders uniforms,
25 cents per uniform must
be added to minimum
wage.)

V

4

i

40 or over a week.3®
Less than 40 a week.33
40 or over a week.30
Less than 40 a week.33
For each hour worked.

A

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Massachusetts— C on.
No. 24-A
Directory, Oct. 15,
1946.
Mandatory, Mar. 1,
1947.

Occupation or industry covered

to

Continued

x

i

ered by the Public
Housekeeping or­
der.)

1

f

*

'

^

j-

~

v

*

1

i

'

y

v

No. 26-A........................ Mercantile, i. e., any industry or business con­
Directory, July 1,1948nected with or operated for the purpose of
Mandatory, Oct. 1,
selling, purchasing, or distributing mer­
chandise, wares, goods, articles, services, or
1948.
commodities to retailers, wholesalers, in­
(Supersedes orders 3
dustrial, commercial, or industrial users.
Includes all work connected with the solicit­
of Oct. 1, 1937 and
26 of June 16, 1945.)
ing of sales or opportunities for sales, or the
distributing of such merchandise, wares,
etc., and the rendering of services incidental
to the sales, use, or upkeep of same, whether
performed on employer’s premises or
elsewhere.
Order applies to all functions within mer­
cantile occupations not specifically governed
by another Massachusetts minimum-wage
order. Salespersons in both laundry and
dry-cleaning establishments are transferred
from coverage of the order for those indus­
tries (see No. 1-A above) and brought
under the provisions of this present order.
Exceptions: Occupations determined by the
Minimum Wage Commission to be of such
a nature that it is impossible for employer
to keep true records of the number ol hours
worked by the employee. Employer must
have exemption permit.

Women and minors; men:82
Full-time employees:
Experienced....................

36 but not more than 44 a
week.35.
Over 44 a week.3®
36 but not more than 44 a
week.35
50 cents an hour........................... Over 44 a week.3®
$22.50 a wreek______ _________

Inexperienced (1,040 hours)34.

55 cents an hour
$20.50 a week------------------------

Part-time employees:
Experienced_____________
Inexperienced (1,040 hours)31.

55 cents an hour...........................
50 cents an hour_______ _____
(Deductions bringing wage
below the minimum al­
lowed only if consent of
employee and approval of
Minimum Wage Commis­
sion are obtained.)

Less than 36 a week.33
Do.33

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

and vegetable workers, dish and glass wash­
ers, kitchen help, maids, cleaners, chamber­
maids, housekeepers, housemen, stewards,
parlor maids, linen-room girls, check-room
attendants, matrons, hosts, hostesses, eleva­
tor operators, and janitors. Classification
covers, but is not limited to all nonprofes­
sional workers engaged in public housekeep­
ing establishments. Exceptions: Occupa­
tions within the industry covered by another
minimum-wage order.
Establishments include restaurants, fountain
lunch counters, cafeterias, caterers, and all
other establishments where lunches, meals,
or food in solid and/or liquid form are pre­
pared for and served to the public or to be
consumed on the premises; hotels, tourists’
camps, clubs, hospitals, private schools,
colleges, and other establishments offering
rooms for rent.

See footnotes at end of table.




to

00

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date3

and services performed in connection with a
business or enterprise engaged in or operated
for the purpose of furnishing entertainment
or recreation to the public, including but not
limited to motion-picture and other theaters, night clubs, dance halls, bowling alleys,
billiard parlors, skating rinks, riding acade­
mies, race tracks, amusement parks and cen­
ters, athletic fields, ball parks and stadiums,
swimming pools and beaches, gymnasiums,
golf courses, tennis courts, carnivals, circuses,
broadcasting studios, boathouses, arenas, and
other similar establishments.
Term includes work performed by ushers, at­
tendants, announcers, pin boys; ticket
collectors, sellers, or punchers; billiard rack
men, game attendants, amusement machine
operators, caddies, and doormen. Excep­
tions: Performers whose activities involve
exercise of artistic talent or athletic profi­
ciency; students or members participating in
any activities conducted by summer camps
for children under 18; schools, colleges, reli­
gious or other nonprofit organizations de­
clared exempt by the Minimum Wage
Commission; occupations within the in­
dustry covered by another minimum-wage
order.

Minnesota:
No. 18, June 30, 1947.... Retail merchandising business, i. e., the trade
of selling any commodity, article, goods,
(Separates this in­
dustry from the All
Occupations order
of July 11. 1938.)

Class of employees covered

Minimum-wage rates

(») m
(»*) m

Caddies:
Inexperienced (one who has “car­
ried” for less than fifteen 18-hole
rounds of golf).

Hours

(Deductions bringing wage
below the minimum al­
lowed only if consent of em­
ployee and approval of
Minimum Wage Commis­
sion are obtained.
Deductions for meals and lodg­
ing permitted; maximum
prices specified in the order.)

Women and minors:
Experienced:

not for the purpose of resale in any form.

I Less than 36 a week.
1 Same as for class A and B
| cities.
)
[
Do.
Inexperienced, 18 years of age or
over:


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Federal Reserve Bank1_
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Louis Jt__ 4__ *______ i___ 1__ 2._____^_____

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STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Massachusetts—C on.
No. 27________
Directory, Oct. 1,
1948.
Mandatory, Feb. 1,
1949.

Occupation or industry covered

W

Class A and Class B cities:39

$19 a week........ .
First 3 months............................ . 40 cents an hour.
___do........ ........
$20.50 a week__
45
cents an hour.
Second 3 months..........................
___do............

•Same as for experienced.
Do.

Class C cities:39

$17.50 a week
First 3 months............................ <37 cents an horn...........................
___do..................... ....................
$19 a week________ ______ ___
<40
cents an hour........................ .
Second 3 months..................... ....
___ do.......................... ...... ........ .
Class D cities:39
$16 a week.....................................
First 3 months............................. 34 cents an hour...................... .
Second 3 months................ ........

Minors under 18 years of age in
each class of cities.

Nevada:
Wage fixed in law.
Rates effective Mar. 22,
1945. (1941 Supp. to
Compiled Laws, secs.
2825.45-46; session
laws: 1943, ch. 88; 1945,
ch. 166.)

Private employment. Exception: Domestic
service.

New Hampshire:
No. 5-A, Dec. 30, 1946.. Retail trade, i. e., any retail establishment or
any retail activity, unless and until the
(Supersedes order 5 of
specific employment is governed by a mini­
Jan. 6,1941.)
mum-wage order other than this general
retail trade order.

See footnotes at end of table.




Females:
•Experienced.
Inexperienced (3 months)
All.

Women and minors:
Experienced..........................
Inexperienced (6 months) 42.

I

___do................. ......................... .
$17.50 a week.......1........ ..............
37 cents an hour______ _______
(Deductions
for meals al­
___do_____
________________
speci­
Rates lowed.
same as Amounts
for inexperienced
fied
in
order.)
in first 3 months.

Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.

$4 a day, $24 a week....... ............. 8 a day, 48 a week.
50 cents an hour........................... Less than 8 a day; less than
48 a week, ii
$3 a day, $18 a week (if stipu­ 8 a day, 48 a week.
lated by employer and em­
ployee).
times employees ’regular rate. Over 8 to 12 a day; over 48
to 56 a week (in emergen­
(Deductions for meals and/or
cies as specified).
lodging allowed as specified
in the law.)
50 cents and hour.........................
35 cents an hour............................

10a day, 54 a week (maxi­
mum).8 *i
Do.5 <i

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942
State, order, and effec­
tive date2

Occupation or industry covered

No. 7, Oct. 23, 194«.
(Supersedes orders 1
(laundry) of July 11,
1938 and 4 (cleaning
and dyeing) of May
6, 1940.)

Laundry and cleaning and dyeing, i. e., any
activity in any capacity in the marking,
sorting, washing, cleansing, collecting, iron­
ing, assembling, packaging, pressing, receiv­
ing, shipping, or delivery, or any other ac­
tivity, including clerical work, directly in­
cidental or essential to the laundering,
cleansing, or renovating of any article of
clothing, napery, blankets, rugs, carpets,
draperies, bed clothing, fabric, textile, fur, or
leather, when such activity is not performed
in the original process of manufacture.
The term “clerk” includes employees coming
under the jurisdiction of this order, who are
engaged only in clerical or accounting work,
regardless of where such work is performed,
or engaged in selling of cleaning, dyeing,
laundry, and other kindred services in retail
outlets, including the handling of the same,
for the purpose of receipt or delivery over a
store counter, but not engaged in any other
processing of such articles.


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Women and minors:
Service employees, i. e., employees
whose duties relate solely to the
serving of food to patrons seated at
tables, or at tables and counters in
establishments where all food is
prepared in a kitchen separate
from the room in which food is
served, and to the performance of
duties incidental thereto, and who
customarily receive gratuities
from such patrons.
Nonservice employees, i. e., employ• ees not in service group.
If employee works a split shift or
spread of hours exceeds 10 a day.

Minimum-wage rates

32)4 cents an hour 44.
35)4 cents an hour__
48)4 cents an hour__

to

O
Hours

24 up to 48 a week.
Less than 24 a week.3
Over 48 a week.45

45 cents an hour44.............. ......... 24 up to 48 a week.
48 cents an hour......................... Less than 24 a week.5
67)4 cents an hour------------------ Over 48 a week.45
50 cents a day in addition to the
applicable minimum wage.
(Deductions for meals of both
service and nonservice em­
ployees and for meals and
lodging of residential employ­
ees allowed as specified in the
order.)

Women and minors:
Other than clerks (18 years and
over):
Zone A 46......................................... . 50 cents an hour iT.
Zone B 46_______
Clerks (18 and over).
Minors under 18.

10 a day, 54 a week (maxi­
mum for laundries).24
45 cents an hour 4?
Do.24
$22 a week--------------------------- 30 to 48 a week.24
At hourly minimum rate appli­ Less than 30 a week.24
cable to nonclerical workers.
.......do............................................ 8 a day, 40 a week (maximum).

_____l____l____ L,______ __________ i________ v*____ a________ t

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

New Jersey:
No. 5, Jan. 10, 1943.— Beauty culture (For provisions see Bull. 191,
p. 30.)
No. 6, Aug. 13, 1943....... Restaurant, i. e., any eating or drinking place
which prepares and offers food or beverage
for human consumption either on any of its
premises or by such service as catering, ban­
quets, box lunch, or curb service, to the pub­
lic, to employees, or to members or guests of
members. Exceptions: Person working in a
nonprofit institution who, while so working,
receives from such institution benefits of a
charitable or educational nature or instruc­
tion and training in a recognized profession
and whose work for such institution is an
incident of his or her receipt of such bene­
fits; persons subject to the provisions of
another minimum-wage order of the State.43

Class of employees covered

Continued

*

New York:
Session laws 1944. ch.
792, July 1, 1944.
No. 7—................... .
Directory, Nov. 12,
1945.
Mandatory, May
19, 1947.

”

T

1

\

A

V

’

Y

V

Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law extended
to men.

No. 1-a, Oct. 19, 1947... Laundry, includes (a) the washing of fabrics
or textiles of any kind whatsoever and the
(Supersedes order 1 as
ironing, pressing, repairing or processing in­
revised June 15,
cidental to such washing; (6) the collection,
1940.)
distribution, or rental at wholesale or retail
of the articles so processed; (c) the engaging
in any of the processes mentioned in (a) or
(6) above for their own use by business es­
tablishments, clubs, or institutions except
where the processing is incidental to the
manufacture or sale of a commodity; (d) all
occupations, operations, and services in con­
nection with or incidental to the processes
mentioned above. Exception: Laundry em­
ployee in a week when working solely at a
nonlaundry occupation covered by another
minimum-wage order of the State.

Over 30 and up to 40 a week.
Actual time worked.

Employee whose normal hours are
over 30 and up to 40, taking volun­
tary leave in any week.
Cooperative students and pharmacy
apprentices.

Up to and including 48 a
week.
Over 48 a week.48
30 or less a week.24

Overtime:
In communities having a popula­
tion of:
•

75 cents a day in addition to the
applicable minimum wage.

Women and minors; men:

Over 30 but not more than 40
a week.
From fortieth to forty-first
hour of workweek.
Over 41 a week.43
Actual time worked.

In cases of voluntary leave, new
employees, or total stoppage of
plant, as specified.

Over 30 but not more than 40
a week.
From fortieth to forty-first
hour of workweek.
Over 41 a week.48
Actual time worked.

In cases of voluntary leave, new
employees, or total stoppage of
plant, as specified.
Employees whose normal workweek
is 30 hours or less:

Do.5
Do.5
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at rates
specified in order. Special
permit required before an
employer may charge em
ployeesfor cost of uniforms.

See footnotes at end of table.

Over 40 a week.4®
Over 40 but not more than 44
a week.
Over 44 a week.4®
Over 40 but not more than 48
a week.
Over 48 a week.4®

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

Retail trade, i. e., selling or offering for sale at
retail and/or wholesale any goods, wares,
merchandise, articles or things, and all occu­
pations, operations, and services in connec­
tion therewith or incidental thereto. Ex­
ceptions: Establishment engaged solely in
wholesale trade; employment exclusively at
wholesale in an establishment engaged in
both wholesale and retail trade which real­
izes less than 25 percent of its gross annual
receipts from retail sales; employees in any
workweek when employed solely at an oc­
cupation or in any industry governed by an­
other minimum-wage order of the State.

If employee works a split shift, or
spread of hours exceeds 11, or both.




*

to

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date2

Occupation or industry covered




Minimum-wage rates

Women and minors; men:
Employees other than maids and
cleaning women:
Experienced:
Full time:«
Over 40 and including 44 a
week.
In case of voluntary leave,
new employees, or total
stoppage of business, as
specified.

Actual time worked.

Over 40 and including 44 a
week.
In case of voluntary leave,
new employees, or total
stoppage of business, as
specified.
Part time:
$3.48 a day 33
Zone II32..................................

•

Hours

$3.12 a day 33

Learners (6 months):
Full time:81
73 cents an hour
In case of voluntary leave,
new employees, or total
stoppage of business, as
specified.

,___A___ A________ i____ Zl___ i_______ ^_______ A____ k________ _____ I____ t________i___ A____ 1

Over 4 but not over 8 a day.
4 or less a day.
Over 8 a day.48
Over 4 but not over 8 a day.
4 or less a day.
Over 8 a day.48

Over 40 and including 44 a
week.
Actual time worked.

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

New York—Continued
No. 2-a, Oct. 19, 1947... Beauty service, includes all establishments
which perform services or operations in the
(Supersedes order 2 of
care, cleansing, or beautification of the skin,
nails, or hair, or in the enhancement of per­
Mar. 27, 1939.)
sonal appearance of women and children, and
also services or operations incidental thereto.
Order covers all occupations including but not
limited to maids, cleaning women, cashiers,
receptionists, appointment clerks and cleri­
cal workers. Exceptions: Barbers, manicur­
ists, or other workers in barber shops which
perform services primarily for men; beauty
service employee in a week when working
solely at a nonbeauty service occupation
covered by another minimum-wage order of
the State.

Class of employees covered

X

»-

Y

^

'

v

v

^

7

i

Zone II52.
835669—49---- 4

In case of voluntary leave,
new employees, or total
stoppage of business, as
specified.
Part time:
Zone I52.............................. —
Zone II52.

W---- ’---------- ----- f---- V

79K cents an hour.
53 cents an hour.. _

40 or less a week.
Over 40 and including 44 a
week.
Over 44 a week.**
Actual time worked.

$6.24 a day...........$3.12 a day 63____
88 cents an hour...
$5.65 a day______
$2.83 a day 83____
79% cents an hour.

Over 4 but not over 8 a day.
4 or less a day.
Over 8 a day.48
Over 4 but not over 8 a day.
4 or less a day.
Over 8 a day.48

$23.40 a week.........
58H cents an hour.

35 but not over 40 a week.
Less than 35 but over 18
week.
Up to and including 18
week.
Over 40 a week.48
35 but not over 40 a week.
Less than 35 but over 18
week.
Up to and including 18
week.
Over 40 a week.48

$21.20 a week........
66J4 cents an hour.

75 cents an hour—.
Zone II52.

75 cents an hour...
$21.20 a week____
53 cents an hour—
67M cents an hour.
67cents an hour.
(Deductions for meals and
lodging permitted at rates
specified in order.
Actual cost of uniforms may
be charged against em­
ployee’s wage but only to
extent that such wage ex­
ceeds minimum.)

See footnotes at end of table.




a
a

a
a

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

Maids and cleaning women:
Zone 152.............................

V.--------- *

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 •—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date2
New York—Continued
No. 3-a, Nov. 30,1947.

Class of employees covered

Confectionery, includes all activities, services,
and processes in the manufacture, prepara­
tion, and packaging of candy, confections,
sweetmeats, chewing gum, sweetened cough
drops, and sugared nuts; all occupations nec­
essary to the production of the articles speci­
fied, including but not limited to office,
clerical, maintenance, wrapping, packaging,
and shipping. Exception: Confectionery
employee in a week when working solely at
a nonconfectionery occupation covered by
another minimum-wage order of the State.

Women and minors; men____ ______

Minimum-wage rates

Establishments employing 9 or more
confectionery workers in any
week:
From Sept. 1 to Apr. 1

From Apr. 1 to Sept. 1__

____

_

Establishments employing 8 or fewer
confectionery workers.

No. 4-a, Noy. 30,1947.. Cleaning and dyeing includes (a) all types of
cleaning, dyeing, pressing, or processing in(Supersedes directory
cidental thereto, of materials belonging to the
order 4 of May 8,
ultimate consumer, i. e., clothing, hats,
1939, which became
household furnishings, rugs, textiles, furs,
mandatory Feb. 14,
leather, upholstered goods, or fabrics of any
1944.)
kind whatsoever; (6) the soliciting, collect­
ing, selling, reselling, or distributing at re­
tail or wholesale of cleaning, dyeing, and
pressing services; (c) all office, clerical, pack­
ing, or other occupations (including plant




Women and minors; men:
Full-time employees........... ......... .

Hours

57% cents an hour; $23 a week___ 8 a day, 40 a week.24
Over 8 a day or over 40 a
week; if both, whichever
total is greater.48

3 days or less in week having
3 or more workdays.
$18.40 a week 54_____ _________ If called to work on 4th day,
regardless of whether a
work assignment is given.
$18.40 plus 57% cents for each On more than 4 days in any
hour worked beyond the 4th
workweek.
day up to and including the
40th hour.54
2 days or less in week having
2 or more workdays.
If called to work on third
day, regardless of whether
a work assignment is given.
$13.80 plus 57% cents for each On more than 3 days in any
hour worked beyond the third
workweek.
day up to and including the
40th hour.54
24 or less a week at direction
of employer.24
57% cents an hour........................ Over 24 up to and including
40 a week.
93% cents an hour___ ________ Over 8 in any day when
workweek is 24 or less.
57Mi cents an hour

Part-time employees
In cases of voluntary leave, new employees, total stoppage of plant.
If employee works a split shift.......... 86 cents an hour for each hour
worked on day a split shift
occurs.

24 to 30 a week.
Less than 24 a week.5
Actual time worked.

•

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

(Supersedes directory
order 3 of Nov. 14,
1938, which became
mandatory May 1,
1944.)

Occupation or industry covered

00

naintenance) incidental or related to the
processes described in (a) and (&) above.
Exceptions: Cleaning, dyeing, or pressing
when a process in the manufacture of new
materials or of second-hand materials being
processed for resale; establishments insofar
as they are covered by the laundry mini­
mum-wage order; employee in a cleaning
and dyeing establishment in a week
when working solely at a noncleaning and
dyeing occupation covered by another mini­
mum-wage order of the State.
Women and minors; men:
Service employees:
New York City--------------------- Communities of 10,000 or over, ex­
cept New York City.
Communities of less than 10,000...
Nonservice (counter waitresses us­
ually nonservice, but exception
made on permit):
New York City
Communities of 10,000 or over, ex­
cept New York City.
Communities of less than 10,000...
Service and nonservice:
Part time.................. ......................-

32 cents an hour and meals.
31 cents an hour and meals.
30 cents an hour and meals.

52 cents an hour and meals.........
51 cents an hour and meals-----50 cents an hour and meals

4 cents additional for each hour
worked up to 24 a week.
Overtime. ........................................ ltt times applicable minimum
rate.
If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day “in addition to the
hourly wages earned.”
spread of hours exceeds 10, or
both.
If meals not furnished to employee- 10 cents an hour additional for
each hour worked.
(Deductions allowed for lodg­
ing.
.
In lieu of laundering uni­
forms, employer may elect
to pay employee regularly
an additional 3 cents per
hour.)

See footnotes at end of table.




Over 24 to 45 a week.48
Do.85
Do.88
Over 24 to 45 a week.88
Do.88
Do.88
30 or less a week, at direction
of employer.88
Over 45 a week.48

JULY 1, 19 4 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

No. 5-a, Nov. 30, 1947.. Restaurant, i. e., any eating or drinking place
which prepares and offers food or beverages
for human consumption either on any of its
(Supersedes directory
premises or by such service as catering, ban­
order 5 of June 3,
quet, box lunch, or curb service, to the pub­
1940, which became
lic, to employees, or to members or guests of
mandatory July 17,
members; and services in connection there­
1944.)
with or incidental thereto. Exceptions: Eat­
ing or drinking places operated by estab­
lishments customarily offering lodging ac­
commodations of 5 or more rooms to the
public; establishments where the service of
food or beverage is not available to the public
but is incidental to instruction, medical
care, religious observance, or to the care of
handicapped or destitute persons, or other
public charges; restaurant employee in a
week when working solely at an occupation or
in any industry governed by another mini­
mum-wage order of the State.

ANALYSIS OP STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 >—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date2

to
Occupation or industry covered

Class of employees covered

Women and minors; men:
All-year hotels:
Nonresidential employees:
Service employees:
In communities having pop­
ulation of:
1,000,000 or more
25,000 to 1,000,000
Less than 25,000________
Nonservice, i. e., other than
service employees (counter
waitresses usually nonserv­
ice, but exception made on
permit):
In communities having pop­
ulation of:
1,000,000 or more _
25,000 to 1,000,000____
Less than 25,000
Service and nonservice:
Part time__________

If employee works a split
shift, or spread of hours
exceeds 10, or both.
Residential employees:
In communities having popula­
tion of:
1,000,000 or more:
If lodging but no meals
furnished.
If lodging and meals fur­
nished.
25,000 to 1,000,000:
If lodging but no meals
furnished.
If lodging and meals fur­
nished.
Less than 25,000:
If lodging but no meals
furnished.

Minimum-wage rates

Hours

Over 24 to 45 a week.”
Do.55
Do.”

54 cents an hour................ _

Do.”
Do.”
Do.”

3 cents in addition to the appli­
cable minimum rate for each
hour worked up to 24 a week;
applicable minimum rate for
24 to 30 hours.
50 cents a day in addition to the
hourly wages earned (not
applicable to residential em­
ployees).

30 or less a week (at direction
of employer).”

$21.75 a week.

45 a week or less.

$16.35 a week.

Do.

$20.75 a week.

Do.

$15.35 a week.

Do.

$19.75 a week.

Do.

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

New York—Continued
No. 6-a, Nov. 30, 1947.- Hotel, i. e., any establishment which, as a
whole or part of its business activities, offers
(Supersedes directory
lodging accommodations for hire to the pub­
order 6 of Nov. 25,
lic, to employees, or to members or guests of
1940, which became
members, and services in connection there­
mandatory July 17,
with or incidental thereto. Exceptions: Eat­
1944.)
ing or drinking places customarily offering
lodging accommodations of less than 5 rooms
to the public, to employees, or to members
or guests of members; establishments in
which lodging is incidental to instruction,
medical care, religious observance, or to the
care of handicapped or destitute persons, or
other public charges; caddies; camp coun­
selors in children’s camps, and employees
who assist them and receive supervision and
training as part compensation; enrolled stu­
dents in a recognized college, university, or
vocational high school who must acquire ex­
perience through employment in a hotel;
campers working 4 hours or less a day in a
children’s camp; hotel employee in a week
when working solely at an occupation or in
an industry covered by another minimumwage order of the State.




CO

T

If lodging and meals fur­
nished.
Both residential and nonresidential employees.
Resort hotels:48
Service............... -............................
Chambermaids...............................
Nonservice.......... ............................
Employees working 3 days or less
in any week.
All employees.................................

North Dakota:
No. 1, May 6, 1946----(Supersedes order 1
of Dec. 16, 1932, as
amended June 15,
1939.)

Public housekeeping, i. e., the work of wait­
resses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms,
boarding houses, bars, and taverns, and all
attendants employed at ice-cream, lightlunch, and refreshment stands, steam table
or counter work in cafeterias and delicates­
sens where freshly cooked foods are served;
the work of chambermaids in hotels, lodging
houses, and boarding houses; the work of
janitresses, car cleaners, and kitchen work­
ers in hotels and restaurants; and elevator
operators.

No. 3, May 9,1946....... . Mercantile, i. e., work in establishments oper­
ated for the purpose of trade in the purchase
or sale of any goods or merchandise includ­
(Supersedes order 3
ing the sales force, wrapping force, auditing
of Dec. 16, 1932, re­
or checking force, the shippers in the mail­
printed Aug. 15,
order department, the receiving, marking,
1939.)
and stockroom employees, and all other
women, except those performing office duties
solely.

1)4 times basic minimum rate
applicable to employee.

Do.
Over 45 a week.48

$16 a week----------- ------ ---------- I Over 3 and including 6 days
$19 a week. .................................. | a week.
$22 a week........ .........................
Ho of the applicable weekly Hours actually worked.33
25 percent of applicable weekly On seventh consecutive day.
wage or compensatory time as
specified.
Prorated........................................ Actual time worked.
(Deductions from minimum
wage allowed for meals fur­
nished to nonresidential em­
ployees of all-year hotels
and for lodging and/or meals
of resort-hotel employees.
Rates specified in order.)

Women:
Eull-time employees:
Waitresses or counter girls.

$17.43 a week; $75.53 a month... 9 a day, 58 a week in towns
under 500 population; 8H
a day, 48 a week elsewhere
(maximum).
Do.
Chambermaids or kitchen help— $16.61 a week; $71.98 a month__
For
each hour worked.
Part-time employees........................... J4s of weekly wage---------------(Deductions allowed for meals,
lodging, or both, as specified
in order.)

Women:
Full-time employees:
Experienced....... .
Inexperienced (1 year)56.
Part-time employees.........

JULY 1, 1 9 4 2 —JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9

Employees in resort hotels and
residential employees in all­
year hotels:
In cases of voluntary leave; em­
ployees hired, dismissed, or
whose employment terminates
within the week; stoppage of
service in establishment, as
specified.

$14.35 a week.................................

9 a day, 54 a week in towns
under 500 population; 8)4
a day, 48 a week elsewhere
(maximum).
Do.
$14.04 a week; $60.84 a month—
For each hour worked.
Hs of weekly wage

$16.90 a week; $73.23 a month__

See footnotes at end of table.




CO
CO

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 '—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date2.

Occupation or industry covered

Women:

Inexperienced:50

Hours

$18 a week, $78 a month (with
laundry privileges at 33 H per­
cent, not to exceed $5 max­
imum per week).
$14 a week, $60.65 a month (with
laundry privileges as above).
$16 a week, $69.35 a month (with
laundry privileges as above).
1/48 of weekly minimum for each
hour worked.
1/38 of weekly minimum for each
hour worked.

No change in orders.
Oregon:
No. 10, July 22,1941

Minimum-wage rates

Any occupation................ ................... ............... Minors (persons under 18 years of age)_ (57)

Do.
Do.

32 and under 38 a week.

8 a day, 44 a week.

(Supersedes order 9 of
July 22, 1941.)
No. 11, Aug. 1, 1942___
(Supersedes order 10
of July 22, 1941.)

1M employee’s regular rate___
Processing, bleaching, grading, and
packing.

No. 2, June 8,1946 ...
(Supersedes orders of
Apr. 1, 1942 and
Aug. 27, 1943, and
order 2 of June 20,
1944.)
No. 7, Feb. 15, 1947
(Supersedes orders 6
of July 22,1941, and




1A employee’s regular rate

8 a day, 44 a week.
Over 8 a day, over 44 a week
in emergency.
10 a day, 60 a week.
Over 10 a day, over 60 a week
in emergency.

Canning, dehydrating, and barreling oper­
ations, i. e., work in the canning or process­
ing of fresh fruit, vegetables, fish, shellfish, or
Crustacea, or in the barreling or preserving of
fresh fruit and berries. Exception: Farmer
who processes only the product of his own
farm.

10 a day.
Over 10 to 12 a day.
Over 12 a day.
Seventh day—First 8 hours.
Time and a half......... .................. Seventh day—Over 8 to 12
hours.
Seventh day—Over 12 hours.

Laundry, cleaning and dyeing, i. e., work in
places where two or more persons are employed in the process of receiving, marking,
washing, cleaning, dyeing, ironing, and dis-

8 a day, 44 a week.
Over 8 a day, over 44 a week
in emergency on permit.

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS ' AND ORDERS

North Dakota—Con.
No. 4, Mar. 10, 1947___ Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., any place
where clothes are washed, cleaned, or dyed
(Supersedes order 4 of
by any process, by any person, firm, institu­
Dec. 16, 1932, re­
tion, corporation, or association; all proc­
printed Aug. 15,
esses connected with the receiving, mark­
1939.)
ing, washing, cleaning, ironing, and dis­
tribution of washable or cleanable materials;
work performed in laundry departments of
hotels and factories.

Class of employees covered

7 of June 13, 1944.)

tributing clothing and materials.

No. 14, Jan. 13, 1948----- Public housekeeping, includes work of waitresses, cooks, counter and salad workers,
(Supersedes orders 13
food checkers, bus and vegetable workers,
of July 22,1941, and
dish and glass washers, kitchen help, maids,
14 of June 13, 1944.)
chambermaids, housekeepers, barmaids,
linen-room girls, cleaners, janitresses and
janitors, charwomen and housemen, check­
room attendants, matrons, elevator oper­
ators, and all others employed in hotels,
restaurants, boarding houses offering meals
for sale to the public, rooming houses offer­
ing rooms for rent, apartment houses, auto
camps, cafeterias, light-lunch stands, retail
candy, ice-cream and soft-drink parlors, deli­
catessens, beer parlors, and clubs (private
and public), as well as matrons, car cleaners
in transportation industries and other work
of like nature.

Women and minors:
Experienced............. .................. ........

No. 9, May 5, 1948........ Mercantile, includes work in any business or
establishment operated for the purpose of
(Supersedes orders 8
purchasing, selling, or distributing goods or
of July 22,1941, and
commodities at wholesale or retail.
8 of July 15, 1944.)

Women and minors:
Experienced....................................

8 a day, 44 a week.”
Over 8 a day, over 44 a week
in emergency on permit.

Inexperienced: m
First 200 hours....... .........................

8 a day, 44 a week.11
Over 8 a day, over 44 a week
in emergency on permit.
8 a day, 44 a week.11
Over s a day, over 44 a week
in emergency on permit.

Next 200 hours................... ......... __

JULY
X,

Inexperienced (400 hours)..................
Regular employees.............................

No. 8, Oct. 19, 1948........ Manufacturing, i. e., any industry, business,
...
_
,
,
or establishment operated for the purpose of
(Supersedes order 7 of
preparing, producing, making, altering, reJuly 22, 1941.)
pairing, finishing, processing, inspecting,
handling, assembling, wrapping, bottling,
or packaging goods, articles, or commodities,
in whole or in part. Exceptions: Any such
activity covered by another minimum-wage
order of the State: women employed in
administrative, executive, or professional
capacities, defined as: (1) Work predomi­
nantly intellectual, managerial or creative,
which requires exercise of discretion and
independent judgment and for which the
remuneration is not less than $200 a month;
or (2) employees licensed or certified by the
State who are engaged in the practice of any
1 of the recognized professions.
See footnotes at end of table.




Students working only after school
or on Saturdays (800 hours).
Women and minors
Regularly employed woman or minor
Any woman or minor.

'

wm

1 Vi employee’s regular rate or 1H
the minimum.
as
-p-' •
m
e w

8 a day, 44 a week.ss
Sundays or legal holidays
(unless Sunday in regu­
larly scheduled workweek).
Over 8 a day or over 44 a
week in emergency, on per­
mit.

1 9 4 2 —JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9

8 a day, 44 a week.11
Over 8 a day, over 44 a week
in emergency on permit.
8 a day, 44 a week.11
Over 8 a day, over 44 a week
in emergency on permit.
Sundays or legal holidays
(unless establishment reg­
ularly open such days).
8 a day, 44 a week.

CO
Oi

to

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 >— Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date 2

Restaurant, i. e., any activity connected with
the preparation or offering of food and/or
beverage for remuneration, for human con­
sumption either on the employer’s premises
or elsewhere by such service as catering,
banquet, box-lunch or curb service, whether
such service is operated as the principal
business of the employer or as a unit of
another business, to the public, to em­
ployees, to members or guests of members,
or to paying guests.

Class of employees covered

Full-time employees:

Part-time employees:

No. 4, July 17, 1943,
amended Jan. 17,
1944.


http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
______£____
Federal Reserve
Bank of St.___________
Louis

Hospital, clinic, or sanitarium, i. e., any public
or private establishment where medical
treatment is offered or where patients are
interned.

*

«

*

■

m times the basic hourly rate
applicable to employee.

Hours

Over 24 to 44 a week.
Do.
24 or less a week at direction
of employer.®*
Do.6i

(Deductions allowed for meals
and lodging as specified in
order. In lieu of laundering
uniforms employer may elect
to pay employee 35 cents for
each required laundering.)

Puerto Rico 62
No. 1, Mar. 26,1943___ The processing of leaf tobacco, i. e., the receiv­
ing, weighing, stowing, classification or gradingj fermentation, stemming, packing or
baling, warehousing, drying, or any other
operation related to the handling of leaf to­
bacco before it is used in the manufacture of
cigars, cigarettes, or other like products.
No. 3, Apr. 28,1913....... Sugar, i. e., the production of sugar cane in
both the agricultural and the industrial
phases.

Minimum-wage rates

times employee’s regular
rate.

Workers performing operations not
expressly enumerated in the
order: 63
In agricultural phase of the industry. $1.40 a day for small and interior
farms; $1.50 a day for others.
Twice the minimum rate (to be
prorated).
In the industrial phase of the indus­
try.
All workers other than professional
and office employees, registered
nurses, student nurses in accredited
schools, dietitians, laboratory tech­
nicians, and manual laborers, such
as plumbers, electricians, carpenters,
painters, etc.

*____ __________ _________i____ k________ A____ '____

Over 40 a week.6*

8 a day.
Over 8 a day.®4
8 a day.
Over 8 a day.®4

.

4

.

"

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Pennsylvania:
No. 3
Directory, Aug. 1,
1943.
Mandatory, Oct. 1,
1947.

Occupation or industry covered

05

y

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V

*

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1

i

*

i

T

*

*

■i

w

V

Regular employees (as defined) — $42 a month88______ _________ 8 a day, 6 days a week.
Do.
Both regular and temporary Twice the applicable minimum Over 8 a day.84
employees 18 years and over.
rate.

No. 5, Mar. 13, 1944,
modified June 5, 1944.

No. 6, June 15, 1944,
modified Apr. 14,1945.

Beer and carbonated drinks, i. e., the prepara­
tion, production, distribution, or sale of beer,
with or without alcohol, or of any soft drink
prepared with carbonated water.

All employees:
Both industries, employees 18 years
or over.

30 cents an hour______ ______ _ 8 a day, 48 a week.
Do.
Twice employee's regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week.84

Hotel, restaurant, canteen, or soda fountain... All employees:
Regular workers (as defined):
Employees 18 years and over:

8 a day, 48 a week.
Do.

Minors:

8 a day, 40 a week.
Do.

Temporary workers:
Employees 18 years and over:
Znnp TT 87
Minors:
Znnfi TT 87

25 cents an hour

8 a day, 48 a week.
Do.

8 a day, 40 a week.
Do.
.............. 18H cents an hour
Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week.84
(Deductions allowed for meals
and lodging as specified in
the order.)

JULY 1, 194 2—JANUARY 1, 1949

(Deductions for meals, lodg­
ing, or laundry permitted
as specified in the order. If
given all of these services,
$17 a month may be de­
ducted from wages of perma­
nent employees and 65 cents
a day from nonpermanent
employees.)

See footnotes at end of table.




CO

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date2

Occupation or industry covered

Class of employees covered

All employees:
Employees 18 years and over:
Zone 168_______
Zone II___________
Minors between 14 and 18 years:
Zone I ss__________________
Zone II68. _ _

No. 8, June 5, 1945.......

Retail business, i. e., any activity, process,
operation, work, or service necessary or inci­
dental or related to retail sales, or the trans­
ferring directly to the consumer of goods,
merchandise, or articles, for compensation,
regardless of whether such sales or transfers
originate or take place within or outside such
establishment or place, or in its name, or for
its benefit.

V

All workers:
Employees 18 years and over:
Regular (as defined):
Zone I70______________
Zone II 7°__........................ .
Zone III 7o_ _____ ______
Special employees, i. e., those sell­
ing merchandise priced at 25
cents or less:
Zone I70________
Zone II 7o______
Zone III 76........ .........
Temporary:
Zone 170........... ..............
Zone II70...... .................. .
Zone III70____
All employees________
Minors under 18, apprentices, and
messengers.

Hours

8 a day, 40 a week.69
Do.69
Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 40 a
week.6*
8 a day, 40 a week.69
Do.69

8 a day, 48 a week.
Do.
Do.

Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 48 a
week, w
75 percent of the applicable min- 8 a day, 40 a week.
mum wage.
(Deductions allowed for meals
and lodging. Amounts for
each zone specified in the
order.)

No. 9, July 5, 1945......... Bakeries and pastry shops.............


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BankTof St.. Louis

.

*

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t

All employees_________

The minimum varies according
to zone and type of occupa­
tion. In Zone I, the range is
from 25 to 823^ cents an hour,
in Zone II, from 20 to 60 cents
an hour.68
Employees 18 years and over___ ____ Twice the applicable minimum
rate.

. ______ •—____ k___ ____ <____ l_____ <

1

*

*

*

"

8 a day, 48 a week.

Over 8 a day, or over 48 a
a week.6*

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Puerto Rico—Continued
No. 7, Apr. 4, 1945......... Theaters and movies, i. e., establishments or
places where plays or other artistic produc­
tions are given by actors, musicians, or singers for profit, or where moving pictures are
shown for profit.

Minimum-wage rates

Co

Construction, includes skilled, semiskilled,
and unskilled workers in or incidental to the
industry.

No. 12, Jan. 2, 1947,
amended Feb. 1, 1948.

Transportation includes any act, process,
operation, work, or service, necessary or in­
cidental or related to the transportation or
carrying of persons or things from one place
to another, by or in any kind of vehicle or
locomotive apparatus of a company, corpo­
ration or authority. Exceptions: Transpor­
tation performed by the Federal, Insular,
or Municipal Governments for purposes
entirely governmental; transportation work
incidental to an employer’s business, if such
business is covered by another order.

66 percent of applicable mini­
mum rate.

All employees.

The minimum varies according 8 a day, 44 a week.71
to type of work. For skilled
workers range extends from 60
cents to $1.10 an hour. For
semiskilled workers minimum
is 45 cents an hour; for un­
skilled, 32 cents an hour.
Twice employee’s regular rate._ Over 8 a day or over 44 a
week.64
Minimum varies according to 8 a day, 48 a week.™
type of work and skill of
worker. Range extends from
55 cents an hour for chauffeurs
of trailers or semitrailers to 25
cents for unskilled railroad
workers.
Twice employee’s regular rate.. Over 8 to 9 hour shift.
1 Yi employee’s regular rate....... . After 9 a day.
Twice regular rate of pay--------

Employees 18 years and over.

No. 13, July 1, 1947.

Laundry and dry cleaning, i. e., any act,
process, operation, service, or work per­
formed in connection with the washing,
cleaning, starching, ironing, or dyeing of
clothes or material of any kind. Includes
the preparing, wrapping, collecting, de­
livery, return, transporting, and distribut­
ing of said clothes or material.

No. 14, Sept. 15, 1948... Furniture and other wooden products, in­
cludes the processes of designing, building,
assembling, altering, and repairing furniture
made of wood, metal, straw, or any other
kind of material, and other classes of wooden
products.

All employees.......................

If employee works a split shift.

All employees:
Employees other than piece work­
ers (rates specified in the order),
and messengers and drivers.
Messengers-.----- -----------------------Drivers
Employees 18 years and over............

25 cents an hour.

8 a day, 48 a week.™

Do.™
$7.50 a week
Do.™
40 cents an hour._____ _______
Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day, over 48 a
week.64

All employees:
Experienced employees making 75, 60, 40, and 30 cents an hour 8 a day, 48 a week.™
according to classification.
doors, windows, or blinds.
Do.™
All other experienced employees....... 60, 45, 30, and 25 cents an hour. _
Inexperienced:
Do.™
15 cents an hour
First 6 months_______________ _
Do.™
Last period of the apprenticeship... 85 percent of the minimum fixed
for the particular occupation.
Over
8 a day or over 48 a
Twice
employee’s
regular
rate...
Employees 18 and over—....... ........
week.64

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1. 1 9 4 9

No. 11, July 1, 1946,
amended Nov. 1,1946.

8 a day, 40 a week.

Minors under 18.

See footnotes at end of table.




CO

CO

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 i—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date3

Occupation or industry covered

Class of employees covered

Minimum-wage rates

Hours

No. 5._................. ........ Restaurant and hotel restaurant.
Directory order of (For provisions, see Bull. 191, p. 43.)
June 15, 1942, be­
came mandatory
Nov. 15, 1944.
No. 4R_________
Directory, Sept. 1,
1946.
Mandatory, Sept. 1,
1948.
(Supersedes mandatory order No. 4 of
Mar. 18, 1940.)



r

Ketail trade occupations include all employ­
ment in or for an industry or business selling
or offering for sale any type of merchandise,
wares, goods, articles, or commodities to the
consumer. Also includes all work connected
witn the soliciting of sales or opportunities
for sales and/or the distributing of such merchandise, wares, goods, articles, or commodities and the rendering of services incidental
to the sale, use, or upkeep of the same
whether performed on the employer's prem­
ises or elsewhere. Covers all types of retail
trade occupations unless and until specific
vidual wage order. Exception: Homedelivery of newspapers.

*

f

Women and minors; men:
Employee taking voluntary leave
in week when normal hours are
36 or more.
Inexperienced salespersons (3
months).73
Employee taking voluntary leave
in week when normal hours are
36 or more.
Both groups.................. .................. .

36 to 44 a week.
55 cents an hour____ _____
Less than 36 a week.2<
Prorated....................................... Actual time worked.
$21 a week71.................................. 36 to 44 a week.
50 cents an hour.................... ......
Prorated____ _____ _____ _
Actual time worked.
$1 an hour....................................

If employee works a split shift, or 75 cents a day in addition to the
spread of hours exceeds 12, or both.
applicable minimum wage.

On seventh consecutive day.
Less than 36 a week.

i

>4

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

Puerto Rico—Continued
No. 15, Nov. 22,1948--.. Quarrying includes any act, process, opera- All employees_____ _______________ Range from $1 an hour to 35 8 a day, 44 a week.”
tion, work, or service necessary or related to
cents an hour, according to
the extraction, transportation, crushing, or
occupational classification.85
delivery of stone, gravel, or other quarry Employees 18 years and over.............. Twice employee’s regular rate... Over 8 a day or over 44 a
products.
Rhode Island:
Session laws 1945, ch. Coverage of Minimum-Wage Law and exist­
1624, July 1, 1945.
ing orders extended to men.

J

No. 6..........................

Directory, Mar. 1,
1947.
Mandatory, Sept. 15,
1947.

i

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Public housekeeping, i. e., all employment
connected directly or indirectly with the
offering or furnishing of rooms and/or lodging
for remuneration to the public, to employees,
to members or guests of members, to paying
guests, students, or others, whether such
service is operated as the principal business
of the employer or as a unit of another busi­
ness. Exceptions: Employment on a farm
or domestic service in a private home, unless
these are operated as rooming houses.
The term public housekeeping occupations
expressly includes such occupations as cham­
bermaid, parlormaid, linen-room worker, ele­
vator operator, cashier, clerical worker such
as room clerk and desk clerk, coat-room at­
tendant, matron, charwoman, telephone op­
erator, cleaner, janitor, bellboy, porter,
doorman, and all workers that may be
properly classified in this occupation in any
establishment furnishing rooms and/or lodg­
ing for remuneration.

Women and minors; men:
Service, i. e., workers employed as 30 cents an hour.......... .............. .
bellboys, page boys, or porters 35 cents an hour.......................... .
who customarily receive gratuities.
Nonservice.....................-.................... 50 cents an hour........................ .
55 cents an hour--------------------If employee works on more than two 75 cents a day in addition to the
hourly wage.
shifts in any day, or spread of
hours exceeds 10 (in resort hotels,

Factory, workshop, mechanical or mercantile
establishment, laundry, hotel, restaurant, or
packing house.

Females over 14 years of age:
In cities with population of 2,500 or
over.

See footnotes at end of table.




*

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40 or over a week.
Less than 40 a week.
40 or over a week.
Less than 40 a week.

(Deductions allowed for meals
and lodging as specified in
order.
In lieu of laundering uniforms
employer may elect to pay
employee an additional $1
per week.)

$15 a week__________________

Elsewhere..........................-................

Prorated_____ ______________
$12 a week.................. ..................

Learners, apprentices, and women
mentally or physically deficient.

Prorated....... .................. .............
To be fixed by Industrial Com­
missioner.

10 a day, 54 a week (maxi­
mum).
Less than 54 a week.
10 a day, 54 a week (maxi­
mum).
Less than 54 a week.

JULY 1, 19 4 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

South Dakota:
Wage fixed in law.
(Session laws: 1943,
ch.
76,
effective
July 1, 1943; 1945,
ch. 77.)7*
(Amends ch. 309 of
1923.)

Y

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 l—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date2
Utah:
No. 1, Sept. 1, 1947.......




Retail trade includes any industry or business
operated for the purpose of selling, offering
for sale, or the distribution of goods, wares,

Class of employees covered

Minimum-wage rates

Hours

Women and minors:
Full-time workers:
Experienced:
40 to 48 a week.77
Do.77
Do.77
Bo.77

services incidental to such operations.
Employee whose normal hours
are 40 or over taking vol­
untary leave in week:
*

Inexperienced (6 months or 1,000
hours):78

Employee whose normal hours
are 40 or over taking vol­
untary leave in week:
Class 2 cities 76______ ______
Class 3 cities 76
Part-time work (at employer’s
election):
Experienced and inexperienced:
Class 1 cities 76.._......... ........

2X
A cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.
5 cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.
$2 a week less than for experi­
enced workers in respective
classes. (See above.)

2A cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.
5 cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.

58 cents an hour (need not ex­
ceed weekly minimum for 40­
48-hour week).
Class 2 cities76....................... .
2X
A cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.
Class 3 cities78.............................. 5 cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.
Vocational students and minors:
Class 1 cities:78
Experienced............................
Class 2 cities:76
Experienced and inexperienced- 2X
A cents per hour less, respec­
tively, than provided for cities
in class 1.

Actual time worked.
Do.
Do.

40 to 48 a week.77

Actual time worked.
Do.
Do.

Less than 40 a week.®
Do.®
Do.®

Less than 4 a day, by reason
of school attendance.
Do.
Do.

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

(Supersedes orders 2
and 3 of June 3,
1940, as amended
June 25, 1940, and
1 of Apr. 1, 1946.)

Occupation or industry covered

y

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X

Class 3 cities:78
Experienced and inexperienced. 5 cents per hour less, respectively,
that provided for cities in class 1.
Minors 14 to 16 doing delivery or
chore work or odd jobs in the
establishment:

'i

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Do.

Women and minors:

No. 4, Sept. 1,1947........ Laundry, cleaning, and dyeing industries:
Laundry, i. e., any place where washing,
(Supersedes orders 5
ironing, cleaning, pressing, or processing
incidental thereto of any kind of washable
(laundry) of June
fabric is conducted.
16,1941, and 4 flaunCleaning, dyeing, and pressing includes only
dry, cleaning and
those places or divisions of establishments
dyeing) of Sept. 1,
where the cleaning, dyeing, or pressing of
1946.)
particular fabrics is conducted as a process
aside from usual laundry practice attend­
ing other things.
No. 2, Nov. 20,1947___
(Supersedes orders 4
of Aug. 5,1940 and 2
of June 1, 1946.)

44 a week.
Do.

In cleaning, dyeing', and pressing in­
dustry.
Individual worker’s
hourly rate.
Inexperienced (1 month in laundry
industry),80

Restaurant, i. e., all places selling food or
beverages in solid or liquid form to be con­
sumed on the premises. Exceptions: Retail
ice cream or retail soft drink (nonalcoholic)
establishments where as much as 90 percent
of the business volume is from ice-cream or
soft-drink sales.

regular

Over 44 a week.77
30 but less than 44 a week.
Less than 30 a week.5

$2 a week less than the minimum. 44 a week.

Women and minors:81
Experienced full-time employees:

48 a week.77
Do.77
Do.77
Do.77
Actual working time.

All cities—Voluntary absence of
employee whose normal work­
week is 48 hours.
Experienced part-time employees:

Over 2 up to’and including 8
a day.
First 2 in day.
Same as above.

JULY 1, 1942-JA N U A R Y 1, 1 9 4 9

8 a day, 44 a week (maxi­
mum).76
Do.76
cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.
Do.76
5 cents per hour less than pro­
vided for cities in class 1.
50 cents a day in addition to the
applicable minimum wage.
1H times employee’s regular Over 48 a week in emer­
gency.77
rate.

Do.
Do.
Inexperienced (3 months) :80

1
See footnotes at end of table.



$1 a week less than the estab­
lished minimum wage.
2 cents an hour less than rate
prescribed for experienced em- i
ployees.
'

4^

CO

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942 ‘—Continued
State, order, and effec­
tive date 2
Utah—Continued
No. 3, Dec. 1, 1947




Public housekeeping, i. e., all hotels, boarding
houses, rooming houses, auto camps, apart­
ment houses, resort hotels, hospitals, institu­
tions, building space to rent for business,
manufacturing, commercial enterprises, and
other public service.
Includes linen-room girls, maids, cleaners,
elevator operators, and any other female or
minor employee connected with these estab­
lishments unless or until their specific occu­
pation is governed by another minimumwage order. Exceptions: Registered nurses;
resident managers.

Class ol employees covered

Minimum-wage rates

Hours

Women and minors;81
Women 18 and over;
Full time:
Class 1 cities:82
$22.80 a week; 47^ cents an hour. 48 a week.77
Inexperienced (2 months)........ $21.60 a week; 45 cents an hour..
Do.77
Class 2 cities:82
$21.60 a week; 45 cents an hour..
Do.77
Inexperienced (2 months)
$20.40 a week; 42^ cents an hour.
Do.77
Class 3 cities:82
$19.20 a week; 40 cents an hour..
Do.77
Inexperienced (2 months)
$18 a week; 37K cents an hour...
Do.77
Part time:
A t employer’s election:
Class 1 cities:82
Experienced___ ____ _____
Less than 48 a week.8
Inexperienced (2 months) - - Class 2 cities:82
Experienced..... ....................
Inexperienced (2 months) -. Class 3 cities:82
Experienced...................... .
Inexperienced (2 months) - -.
Do.5
At employee’s election:
Class 1 cities:82
Experienced .
Less than 48 a week.®
Inexperienced (2 months)__
Class 2 cities:82
Experienced
Inexperienced (2 months). _ _
Class 3 cities:82
Experienced
Do.®
Inexperienced (2 months).. - 35 cents an hour...........................
Overtime:
Employees over 21........... ...........
Over 8 a day or work on 7th
consecutive day.
Minors 16 and under 18:
Class 1 cities:82
$20.90 a week; 47H cents an hour. 44 a week (maximum for
minors, includes meal pe­
riod).5
Inexperienced (2 months)
$19.80 a week; 45 cents an hour..
Do.5
Class 2 cities:82
Do.®
Inexperienced (2 months). ____ $18.70 a week; 42M cents an hour.
Do.1

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

(Supersedes orders 6
of July 14,1941, and
3 of July 1, 1946.)

Occupation or industry covered

T

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A

*

f

f

Class 3 cities:83
Experienced-....................
Inexperienced (2 months)

Washington:
No. 38, July 3, 1942___

*

$17.60 a week; 40 cents an hour..
$16.50 a week; 37)4 cents an hourdeductions from the mini­
mum wage for meals and
lodging permitted only if
mutually agreed to by em­
ployer and employees.
Charge may not exceed the
retail prices of such accom­
modations. Industrial Com­
mission must approve.)

T

*

Do.®
Do.®

Women and minors 83.

52)4 cents an hour 84................. .

No. 39, Sept. 7, 1942----- Fresh-fruit packing, vegetable packing, or
dried fruit industries.
(Supersedes order 32
of Oct. 1, 1934.)

Women and minors 83.

40 cents an hour u—___ ______

Up to 12 a day.
Over 12 a day.
Work on seventh consecu­
tive day.

No. 40, Sept. 7, 1942___

Women and minors:83
Experienced, i. e., one who has
served an apprenticeship at plant
where employed, or having served
an apprenticeship has been 3
months in the plant where em­
ployed at the particular work at
which she was an apprentice else­
where.
Inexperienced:88
First 320 hours___ ____________
Next 160 hours___ _____ ______

35 cents an hour 8S.

8 a day, 6 days a week (maxi­
mum).

25 cents an hour—.
32)4 cents an hour.

Do.
Do.

Females and minors 83.

32)4 cents an hour.

Do.

Minors, i. e., boys 14 and under 18
years of age; girls 16 and under 18
years of age.83

25 cents an hour.

8 a day, 6 days a week.

45 cents an hour 33 87.
40 cents an hour 33 87.
38 cents an hour 33 87.

Women: In general, 9 a day,
50 a week, hotels 10 a day,
55 a week; minors under 18,
8 a day, 40 a week.88

Manufacturing.

(Supersedes order 29
of Jan. 22, 1922.)

No. 41, Sept. 7, 1942___ Mercantile.

Time and a half
1)4 times employee’s regular
rate.
Time and a half
1)4 times employee’s regular
rate.

Up to 12 a day.
Over 12 a day.
Work on seventh consecu­
tive day.

(Supersedes order 28
of Dec. 31,1921.)
No. 42, Oct. 1, 1942___
(Supersedes order 31
of Oct. 27, 1922 and
24 of Oct. 4, 1921.

Occupations not covered by a special indus­
trial welfare order. (Agricultural work,
domestic service, and specific occupations
listed in the order exempted.)

Wisconsin:
No. C-5, Feb. 10, 1947. _ Any occupation, trade, or industry other than
domestic service and agriculture.
(See
(Supersedes order 1 of
entries following.)
June 10,1932.)

See footnotes at end of table.



Women and minors:
In cities having a population of:
3,500 or over----- ----------------1,000 but less than 3,500..........
Elsewhere in the State________

JULY 1, 194 2 —J ANU ARY 1, 1 9 4 9

Cannery or freezing plant (fruit, vegetable,
fish, shellfish, dog foods, or any other
products preserved for food purposes).

(Supersedes order 34
of May 6, 1937.)

Of

ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS EFFECTIVE SINCE 1942
State, order, and effec­
tive date2

Industrialized agriculture, i. e., truck gardens,
cherry and other fruit orchards, gardens
conducted or controlled by canning com­
panies and the culture or harvesting of sugar
beets and cranberries.

No. C-oa, Feb. 10, 1947. Domestic service in private homes. Excep­
tion: Casual employment of minors under
18 in or around a home in work usual to the
home of the employer and not in connection
w ith or a part of the business, trade, or pro­
fession of the employer, such as caring for
children, mowing lawns, raking leaves, shovel­
ing snow, etc. Order defines casual employ­
ment as employment outside school hours,
for a period of not more than 5 consecutive
hours and not more than 10 hours in a week.

Women and minors;
If board only is furnished:
In cities of:

Agriculture other than industrialized agricul­
ture.

Women and mi nors:

Canning or first processing of fresh fruits or
vegetables.

Women 18 years and over; girls and
boys 16 to 18 years of age.
•


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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

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Do.
Do.

Rates same as the hourly rates
of the general order. (See p.
45.)

If board and lodging are furnished...
If board, lodging, and washing are
furnished.
All.
______ ____________

1 Provisions of flat-rate laws also included.
2 Where only one date is shown the order became mandatory on that date. A “direc­
tory” order is nonmandatory for a period during which publicity is the only penalty
for failure to pay the minimum wage.
3 Revision omits the exception as to the area around Nogales. It makes no other
change.
4 Maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week.
6 Employee must be paid at least 4 hours' wages on any day called to work.

Hours

(Deductions for board and
lodging allowed as specified
in order C-5.)

If both board and lodging are fur­
nished:
In cities of:

Geographic areas same as those
shown above.

Special order, 1948 (or­
der issued eachiseason).

Minimum-wage rates

£

Do.
Do.
Do.
Less than 45 a week.

Do.
Do.
\X
A times employee’s regular
rate.

Over 9 to 11 a day or over 54
to 60 a week, whichever is
greater, on 12 emergency
days during season.

8 Number not to exceed 33J4 percent of women employed in establishment, except
that 1 learner is permitted if less than 3 women employed.
7 The basic weekly minimum need not be paid from June 1 through Aug. 31, by estab­
lishments in the counties of Cochise, Gila, Graham, Greenlee, Maricopa, Pima, Pinal,
Santa Cruz, and Yuma; and from Dec. 16 through Mar. 15, by establishments in Apache,
Coconino, Mohave, Navajo, and Yavapai counties.
8 Number not to exceed 10 percent of women and minors employed in establishment,
except that 1 learner is permitted if less than 4 women and minors employed.

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

W isconsin—Continued
No. C-5, Feb. 10, 1947,
as amended Apr. 5,
1948.

Class of employees covered

Occupation or industry covered

Continued




addition to exemption of students, exempts from payment of the minimum daily wage
stores or businesses having not more than 1 employee in any week.
2s The 40-cent hourly rate, established in the 1945 law, supersedes the following hourly
rates set by ch. 159, session laws of 1943, which became effective July 1, 1943: 30 cents for
the city and county of Honolulu and 25 cents for the counties of Hawaii, Maui, and Kauai.
The act authorizes the Department of Labor and Industrial Relations to make regu­
lations providing for payment of a lower hourly rate to learners, apprentices, etc., and
to children 14 years of age and under.
26 The woman’s hours law of Illinois permits 9 hours a day, 54 hours a week in mercan­
tile establishments during 4 weeks in calendar year.
27 In the hotel and restaurant order: Zone 1 includes incorporated cities having a
population of 60,000 or over; Zone 2—Incorporated cities having between 15,000 and 60,000
population; Zone 3—Incorporated cities having between 4,000 and 15,000 population;
Zone 4—Rest of State. The first 3 of these zones include, in addition to the above,
incorporated cities and territory, any part of which lies within a radius of 5 miles (zone 1)
or 1 mile (zones 2 and 3) of the corporate limits thereof.
In the all-occupations order: Zone 1 includes cities of 20,000 or more population and
contiguous territory within 5 miles thereof; Zone 2—Cities having between 4,000 and
20,000 population and contiguous territory within 2 miles thereof; Zone 3—Rest of State.
28 Maximum hours for women and girls in practically all industries 10 a day, 60 a week.
29 Learners may be employed only by special permit from Commissioner of Industrial
Relations who must fix rate for each learner. Maximum learning period 720 hours.
Number may not exceed one-third of the total number of regular full-time employees.
Employer must obtain learner certificate for worker before he can pay rates lower than
those fixed in order.
so Maximum hours for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week. In manufacturing estab­
lishments and hotels, if employment is determined by labor department to be seasonal,
52 hours a week allowed if weekly average for year does not exceed 48 hours. In extraor­
dinary emergencies overtime allowed in public service or other businesses requiring
shifts, if and when conditions specified in the hours statute are met.
The Massachusetts hour law authorizes the Labor Commissioner to permit employ­
ment of office workers for more than 9 hours a day but not more than 48 hours a week.
Law specifically exempts from the maximum hour provisions: (1) Persons employed
exclusively as personal secretaries, (2) persons declared by the Commissioner to be em­
ployed in a supervisory capacity, and (3) professional personnel in hospitals. Com­
missioner may permit hospital employees to be employed for more than 9-48 hours in
an emergency.
31 Employee who reports for duty on any day at the time set by the employer must
be paid at least 3 hours’ wages at the applicable minimum rate, unless employment on
that day is rendered impossible by conditions beyond the employer’s control and this
fact is verified by the Minimum Wage Commission.
32 Order requires that home workers be employed at the established minimum rates
or the equivalent in piece rates.
33 Employee who reports for duty on any day at the time set by the employer must
be paid at least 3 hours’ wages at the applicable minimum rate. The Massachusetts
public housekeeping, mercantile, and clerical orders provide that if employee is unable
or unwilling to accept 3 hours’ employment the Minimum Wage Commission may grant
permission to employer to employ such employee for less than 3 hours.

JULY 1, 19 42 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

9 The Attorney General of Arkansas, in an opinion dated Apr. 17, 1947, said that the
1943 amendment to the State’s wage-hour law made the $1.25 and $1 minimum-wage
rates applicable to a day of 8 hours.
10 Women may be employed on 7 days a week if and when an industry engaged in
handling perishable products would suffer an irreparable injury or if the Labor Com­
missioner determines that exigency requires such overtime.
11 Employee must be paid at least H-day’s wage on any day called to work.
12 Number not to exceed 10 percent of persons regularly employed in the establishment.
is Maximum, but adult women exempted during periods when processing is necessary
to prevent perishable products from spoiling. Employee must be paid at least 2 hours’
wages on any day called to work.
14 Up to 72 hours in any 7 consecutive days permitted by the order but 24 hours must
elapse before a woman who has worked these hours is again employed by the employer.
15 A full-time employee (one regularly working 36 but not more than 44 hours a week)
who is required to work longer hours than his or her regularly established schedule must
be paid for the excess hours up to 44 a week at his or her regular rate of pay. If a work­
week of less than 44 hours is voluntary with any such employee the weekly wage may be
prorated and a proportionate amount deducted; if such hours are required by employer,
however, employee must be paid the minimum part-time hourly rate or his or her regular
rate, whichever is higher.
is Employee called to work on any day must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages at the
part-time rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher. In laundries having a
workday of less than 4 hours on Saturday, workers called in on that day must be paid
at least 3 hours’ wages.
17 The overtime provision is not mandatory in the case of bona fide executive, admin­
istrative, and professional employees, as defined. Employer must elect annually
whether he will pay for overtime of employees working on a commission basis, at a
minimum wage of $1 per hour plus commission or the actual overtime rate, i. e., including
salary and commission, at time and a quarter.
18 Maximum hours for women and minors in mercantile establishments 8 a day (10
allowed 1 day a week), 48 a week. Under certain specified conditions, hours exceeding
these are permitted in the week before Christmas and, if permit is obtained, in cases of
emergency or seasonal or peak demand.
19 Maximum hours for women and minors in beauty shops 9 a day (10 allowed 1 day
a week), 48 a week.
20 Unless a suspension of work due to a break-down or an Act of God occurs, an em­
ployee called to work on any day must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages at the minimum
rate or his or her regular rate, whichever is higher.
21 Number receiving this rate limited to 1 for every 15 workers subject to this order.
22 Maximum hours for women and minors under 18 years of age, 9 a day, 48 a week.
In cases of emergency or seasonal or peak demand Commissioner of Labor may allow
10 hours a day, 55 hours a week, for 8 weeks in year; the Governor may extend number
of weeks beyond 8 in the interest of national defense.
23 Weekly wage may not be prorated unless the employee: (1) Takes time off at her
own request, or (2) begins full-time employment and works only part of a week when
first employed, or (3) resigns after having been a full-time employee.
24 Employees, other than minor students on days when schools are in session, must
be paid at least 4 hours’ wages on any day called to work. New York’s retail order, in

4^




r

r

*

4» The mandatory order for retail trade split the population group of under 10,000 in
the directory order, so as to shorten for the small-sized communities the period to which
the overtime rate applies. Rates not changed.
so Zone I includes the City of New York, the counties of Westchester and Nassau, and
all communities having a population of over 10,000.
Zone II includes all communities having a population of 10,000 or less except com­
munities of 10,000 or less in Nassau and Westchester counties.
A laundry located in zone II which does business with an agent who services customers
in zone I or which maintains directly or indirectly a route, office, or drop store in zone I
must be considered in zone I for weeks in which such business is done and must pay the
higher minimum-wage rates of zone I.
51 Full-time employees defined as persons other than maids and cleaning women who
work in the establishment on more than 3 days in any week.
52 Zone I includes the City of New York and all communities having a population of
more than 50,000 or, if located in Erie, Nassau, or Westchester counties, of more than
15,000.
Zone II includes the rest of the State.
53 Employee required to report for duty on any day, whether or not assigned to actual
work, must be paid tnis amount.
54 Employer is not obliged to pay guaranteed weekly wages: (1) To new employees
or employees who voluntarily absent themselves during the period with which the
guarantees are concerned; (2) to employee-students 16 to 18 years of age who are required
to attend a full-time school during the period with which the guarantees are concerned,
when work is available to them for such period; (3) to accountants and bookkeepers
employed to work occasionally for the establishment; (4) in case of an Act of God, fire,
flood, public disaster, or plant-wide mechanical breakdown.
55 Employee called to work on any day, whether assigned to duty or not, must be
paid for the maximum length of the stint she is hired to work (3 hours, if 1 shift; 6 hours,
if 2 shifts; 8 hours, if 3 shifts) at the applicable minimum rate. Employee-students
exempted from this provision on any workday when they are required to attend school.
58 Number of learners paid less than the experienced rates may not exceed 25 percent
of an establishment’s employees.
fi7 Revision of the order applying to minors, effective the same day order No. 9 in
Bulletin 191 became effective, omitted the minimum-wage provision. A letter from the
State’s enforcing agency explained that this was done because ‘‘wages for women and
minors are provided for in the several industrial orders.”
*8 Pieceworkers must be paid a rate which will enable at least 50 percent of such workers
to earn not less than the minimum.
50 Permit must be obtained before employer may hire workers at the inexperienced
rate.
60 Maximum hours for women and girls, 10 a day, 48 a week.
81 Employee must be paid at least 3 hours’ wages on any day called to work if she reports
for duty at the beginning of a work shift.
82 Order 2, promulgated in February 1943, covered the sugar industry but the Supreme
Court of Puerto Rico declared it void and unconstitutional. Order 3 was accordingly
adopted.
Order 10 covering the dairy industry was also declared void by the Territorial Supreme
Court.

A

OO

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

« The State’s recently issued order for mercantile occupations set the learning period
at 1,040 hours (had been 6 months in the previous order).
38 During peak periods not to exceed 8 weeks in year the Minimum Wage Commission
may grant employer special permit to employ worker 48 hours a week at the weekly
minimum established in this order, provided worker is given compensatory hours for
such employment.
36 Employee must be paid at least 2 hours’ wages on any day called to work.
37 Motion-picture theaters and other places of amusement are covered by the State’s
hour law for women which sets a maximum of 9 hours a day, 48 hours a week for women
and minors.
38 Casual employee, one not regularly employed who reports for work as an extra at the
direct request of employer, when such employment depends upon weather conditions,
time, or public response to specific performances. Pin boys and ushers are casual em­
ployees for the purpose of this order.
36 Class A—Cities of more than 50,000 inhabitants.
Class B—Cities of 20,000 to 50,000 inhabitants.
Class C—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and townships of 10,000 to 20,000 inhabitants.
Class D—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, and townships of less than 10,000 inhab­
itants.
« Maximum hours for women and girls in mercantile occupations 54 a week except in
cases of emergency or when Industrial Commission grants special exemption.
Hour law permits suspension of the hour provisions for regular employees during the
7 days before Christmas, if weekly average for year does not exceed 54 hours.
42 Authorization of Labor Commissioner required for employment of learners. Number
may not exceed 10 percent of total number of women and minors employed in the estab­
lishment, except that each establishment is allowed 1 learner. For part-time workers,
the learning period must be computed on a cumulative basis until 1,040 hours have been
worked or 1 year of part-time employment work.
43 The New Jersey minimum-wage law exempts hotels from its coverage.
44 Guaranteed weekly wages of $8.50 (service) and $11.50 (nonservice) are established
in the order for workers whose hours total as much as 24 in any week.
45 Maximum hours for women 18 years and over, 10 a day, 54 a week.
4« Zone A includes Bergen, Camden, Essex, Hudson, Mercer, Middlesex, Morris,
Passaic, and Union counties.
Zone B includes Atlantic, Burlington, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Hunter­
don, Monmouth, Ocean, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, and Warren counties.
47 If 40 hours’ work is not available to an employee in any week, a bonus of 10 percent
must be added to the applicable minimum rate, when employee’s total wage for the
week is less than the amount she would receive for 40 hours.
48 Maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week for females and male minors between 16 and 18
years of age. To make one or more short days in week, 10 hours allowed on 1 day and up
to 9 hours on the 4 remaining days, but weekly hours may not exceed 48. In mercantile
establishments, the 8-48-hour maximum does not apply to week before Christmas and
two weeks in year for inventory.
_
Hours law expressly exempts from its maximum hour and day-of-rest provisions females
over 16 employed in: (1) Beauty parlors in cities and towns of less than 15,000 population;
(2) resort or seasonal hotels or restaurants in rural communities and in places of under
15,000 population.

>—




For restaurants, classification is same as for retail trade except that Price and Helper
are transferred from class 3 to class 2 cities and Nephi and Vernal are added to the class 3
group. Maximum population for the class 4 group is fixed at 5,000 rather than 2,500.
77 Hours law sets a maximum week of 48 hours for women and 44 hours for minors
under 18, permitting overtime in emergencies as specified. The restaurant and public­
housekeeping orders require that a J4-hour meal period be included as working time.
78 Special permit required for each learner or apprentice employed. Employer must
register learners with Industrial Commission. Number may not exceed 25 percent of
the women and minor employees having workweek of 40 hours or over.
79 Employee must be paid at least 2 hours’ wages on any day called to work.
80 Number may not exceed 1 for every 5 experienced workers.
81 Employment of girls under 18 prohibited in this industry. Boys 16 and under 18
may be employed 8 hours a day, 44 hours a week. Persons under 18 may not serve beer to
customers in restaurants.
82 Class 1—Cities of over 10,000 population.
Class 2—Cities of 3,000 and under 10,000 population.
Class 3—Cities of under 3,000 population.
83 Permit must be obtained for the employment of minors under 18 years of age.
84 At least one-half the women and minors employed at a piecework rate must receive
an average wage based on above rate. All pieceworkers in canneries must receive a guar­
antee of 45 cents an hour.
85 Experienced pieceworkers must be paid at a rate that will enable at least 75 percent
of them to earn the minimum rate. The other 25 percent must be paid at the prevailing
piecework rate, but in no case shall their earning be less than 30 cents an hour.
80 Number may not exceed 25 percent of the total number of women employed except
by permit in emergencies.
87 Piece rates on a particular kind of work are deemed adequate if they yield to 75 per­
cent of the women and minors, 3 cents per hour more than the prescribed minimum.
88 Maximum hours; however, under the 9-50 hour law women may be employed 10
hours a day, 55 hours a week, during emergency periods not exceeding 4 weeks a year, if
time and a half employee’s regular rate is paid. Industrial Commission must be notified
of such overtime within 24 hours.
Attendants in sanitariums required to be on duty for more than 55 hours a week must be
paid, as a minimum, for 55 hours a week.
89 During the canning season maximum hours are 9 a day, 54 a week, except on 12 emer­
gency days when women and minors 16 to 18 years of age may be employed 11 hours a
day, 60 hours a week. The Industrial Commission may waive hour limits and overtime
pay for boys 16 and 17 years of age in 10 weeks of year. Before and after the canning season
maximum hours are 9 a day, 50 a week, for women 18 years and over; 8 a day, 48 a week,
for boys and girls of 17 years; and 8 a day, 40 a week for boys and girls of 16 except that
during school vacations they may work 48 hours a week.

JULY 1, 194 2 —JANUARY 1, 1 9 4 9

63 This minimum has been in effect since Mar. 1, 1945. An escolator clause in the order
set minimum hourly rates of 20 cents, 22^ cents, and 24 cents, respectively, for periods
beginning Mar. 26,1943, Apr. 16,1943. and Mar. 1, 1944.
64 Hours law sets 8 hours a day, 48 hours a week as the maximum for women employees,
and 8 and 40 hours as the maximum for minors under 18, in practically all occupations
and industries. Overtime permitted for adult workers if double time is paid.
order, as revised in 1948, set time and a half for overtime.
66 The order establishes specific rates for numerous occupations in which women are
not customarily employed.
Rates as amended in 1944. The 1943 order contained escolator clauses fixing minimums of from $30 a month to $40 a month for permanent employees in the periods specified
and from $1.25 a day to $1.60 a day for temporary employees during these same periods.
8? Zone I—Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Caguas, Guayama, Mayagiiez, Ponce, Rio
Piedras (including Hato Rey) and San Juan.
Zone II—All other places.
68 Zone I—San Juan and Rio Piedras.
Zone II—All other places.
69 Employee who works 4 hours or less a day during more than one performance of a
show or movie is entitled to pay for 4 hours’ work at the applicable minimum rate.
Employee who works 3 horns or less during only one performance of a show or movie is
entitled to pay for 3 hours’ work at the minimum rate for that particular zone.
70 Zone I—San Juan and Rio Piedras.
Zone II—Aguadilla, Arecibo, Bayamon, Caguas, Fajardo, Guayama, Humacao,
Mayagiiez, and Ponce.
Zone III—All other places.
71 Employee must be paid at least 4 hours’ wages on any day called to work, under con­
ditions specified in the order.
72 No reduction may be made in wage because of summer or seasonal schedules of store,
or in week in which a holiday occurs.
73 Before employing worker at either the inexperienced rate or the rate for students,
certificate must be secured for each worker.
74 Maximum for women and minors, 9 a day, 48 a week. If 5-day week is worked, daily
hours may be 9fi.
75 The provisions of the 1943 act enacted for a 2-year period were made permanent in
1945.
70 For retail trade:
Class 1—Salt Lake City and Ogden.
Class 2—Logan, Provo, Murray, and Tooele.
Class 3—Bingham, Brigham City, Eureka, Helper, Midvale, Park City, Price, Ameri­
can Fork, Bountiful, Cedar City, Lehi, Payson, Richfield, Smithfield, Spanish Fork,
Springvilie, St. George.
Class 4—All other towns or municipalities.

1

4^

CO

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS
Digests of amendments becoming effective between July 1942 and January 1949*
*Cf "Analysis of State Minimum- Wage Laws.'’ Women’s Bureau Bull. 191, folders following p. 52.

California:

Requires the Division of Industrial Welfare to
determine, upon request, whether wages
exceeding the minimum fixed by the Com­
mission have been correctly computed and
paid. Authorizes the Division to examine
employer’s documents relative to employ­
ment of women and minors and to enforce
payment of any sums found to be due and
unpaid.
Provides that no wage order shall be effec­
Session laws 1947, eh. 1188
(Amends Statutes 1913, ch. ‘324 tive unless compliance is had with the pro­
visions governing the appointment and
as amended.)
operation of wage boards; specifically pro­
Effective Sept. 19, 1947.
vides that Commission may revise a wage
order upon following the procedure estab­
lished for issuance of original order; in­
creases payment of wage board members
to $15 per diem (formerly $5) and neces­
sary travel expenses while engaged in a
conference.

Session law's 1943, eh. 425------(Adds subsection 1195.5 to
Deering’s Labor Code
1937.)
Effective Aug. 4, 1943.

Hawaii:

Session laws 1943, Act 159____
(Amends session laws 1941,
Act 66.)
Section on rates effective July
I,1943; rest of Act, May
II, 1943.




Amends the wage and hour law to raise the
minimum wage in the city and county of
Honolulu from 25 cents to 30 cents an
hour, and in the counties of Hawaii, Maui,
and Kauai from 20 cents to 25 cents an
hour.
Excludes from coverage of the act members
of a religious order or individuals donating
their services to any hospital, religious,
fraternal, or charitable organization.
Tightens provision regarding divulging of
information secured by labor department
agents during inspections, to permit dis­
closures to officials concerned with, and
solely for the purposes of, the administra­
tion of laws under the jurisdiction of the
Commission of Labor and Industrial Re­
lations.
Empowers the director or his representative
to obtain restitution whenever illegal de­
ductions from an employee’s wages are
discovered in the course of a wage and
hour inspection; provides that, if such
restitution is made, a prosecution may not
be instituted or maintained.

JULY 1, 19 4 2—JANUARY 1, 1949

Session laws 1945, Act 15_____
(Amends session laws of 1941
and 1943.)
Effective July 1, 1945.

Massachusetts:
Session laws 1946, ch. 545____
(Amends General Laws 1932,
ch. 151, as amended.)
Effective Sept. 11, 1946.

51

Raises the minimum wage to 40 cents an
hour for workweek of 48 hours or less,
but provides that the labor department
may, by regulation, establish a lower rate
for children 14 years of age and under;
continues the provision requiring time and
one-half employee’s regular rate for work
in excess of 48 hours a week; removes
geographic differential; tightens enforce­
ment provisions. Amends coverage (1)
to provide that agricultural employees
shall be excluded only in weeks when the
employer has less than 20 employees; (2)
to broaden the exemption for workers en­
gaged in the processing or distribution of
the various aquatic forms of animal or
vegetable life; and (3) to remove the ex­
emption for employees of street, suburban,
or interurban electric railways or local
trolleys or motor bus carriers.

Extends coverage of the minimum-wage law
to all persons employed in the occupations
covered thereby, regardless of age or sex,
in the same manner and to the same ex­
tent as if such persons had been expressly
included; provides that existing orders and
regulations shall be similarly applicable.
Session laws 1948, ch. 362
Amends definition of “occupation” specifi­
(Amends General Laws 1932,
cally to include industries or businesses
ch. 151, sec. 2, as amended.)
not operated for profit, but excluding, in
Effective May 24, 1948.
addition to domestic service in the home
of the employer and labor on a farm, work
by persons being rehabilitated or trained
under rehabilitation or training programs
in charitable, educational, or religious in­
stitutions, or work by members of religious
orders.
Nevada:
Session laws 1945, ch. 166
Increases the minimum wage from $3 to $4
(Amends sec. 2825.41 of the
per day of 8 hours and from $18 to $24 per
1941 Supplement to the
week of 48 hours; establishes a 50-cent
Nevada Compiled Laws
hourly minimum; grants employee the
of 1929.)
right to recover unpaid wages in a civil
Effective Mar. 22, 1945.
action within a 2-year period; expressly
provides that any agreement to accept a
wage less than the minimum shall be
invalid.




52

STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

New York:

Session laws 1944, ch. 792------- Adds a new section (663-a) to prohibit the
employment of a male 21 years of age or
(Amends ch. 32 of the 1931—
over in an occupation at lower standards
35 Cumulative Supple­
or rates of wages than those fixed for
ment to Consolidated
women and minors in such occupation
Laws of 1930, ch. 584,
under a directory or mandatory minimumart. 19.)
wage order. Provides that sections re­
Effective July 1, 1944.
lating to publication of names, court re­
view, record keeping and the posting of
orders, wage collection, and penalties,
respectively, shall be applicable in case of
an employer’s failure to comply with the
provisions of this amendment or with any
wage order.
Adds a new subsection (subsection 9 of sec­
Session laws 1946, ch. 972
tion 656) requiring that the wrage board
(Amends as above.)
hold public hearings prior to its report and
Effective Apr. 23, 1946.
recommendations, and that the testimony
at such hearings be submitted to the Com­
missioner together with the board’s report.
Extends the time limit for submission of
such report to the Commissioner from the
previous 60-day period to 90 days, and
provides that the Commissioner in his
discretion may extend the time to 180
days; requires wage board to submit a
record of its activities with its report.
Amends the provisions governing action
on the wage board report to require that
Commissioner hold public hearings, notice
of which shall be given to all interested
parties, and permitting him to reject the
wage board’s report or to accept it in
whole or in part.
Deletes word “directory” from text and re­
Session laws 1947, ch. 221 _
peals provisions relating to directory
(Amends as above.)
orders; provides that orders shall be made
Effective Mar. 20, 1947.
by the Commissioner as mandatory orders,
to be effective within 60 days from date
of making.
Requires Commissioner to file report of wage
Session laws 1948, ch. 353
board and recommendations with the Sec­
(Amends as above.)
retary of the Department of Labor. Ex­
Effective July 1, 1948.
tends the time limit for action by the
Commissioner in accepting or rejecting
the report from previous 10-day period to
30-day period; deletes phrase “mandatory
or directory wage order” and substitutes
phrase “minimum wage order.” Fixes
60 days from date of making as date an
order becomes effective.




JULY 1, 19 4 2—JANUARY 1, 1949

53

Puerto Rico:

Acts of 1942, Act 9
Amends the minimum-wage law to stipulate
(Amends sec. 12, Act 8 of
that the Minimum Wage Board may clas­
1941.)
sify any occupation, business, or industry
Effective Mar. 20, 1942.
according to the nature of the services to
be rendered, and approve minimum-wage
scales suitable for different kinds of work,
for the purpose of fixing for each classifi­
cation the highest rate of minimum wage.
Provides that the board may also approve
minimum wages for different zones or dis­
tricts, where advisable, due to differing
conditions, if such action does not give
competitive advantage to other zones or
districts.
Acts of 1942, Act 44
Adds a section to the minimum-wage law to
(Adds sec. 10-A to Act 8 of
provide that the Governor of Puerto Rico
1941.)
may, by proclamation, require the Mini­
Effective Apr. 23, 1942.
mum Wage Board to appoint a minimumwage committee to investigate the condi­
tions in a certain occupation, business, or
industry where a strike, lock-out, emer­
gency, or controversy in regard to wages
exists, or has existed within the 6 months
preceding the proclamation, and to fix the
minimum wage that shall be paid in the
industry in question. Provides that wages
so fixed shall be retroactive to the date on
which laborers returned or may return to
work.
Provides that, in case the committee fails to
submit its report within 15 days or within
the extension of time granted by the board,
or does not come to an agreement, the
board may dissolve the committee and
either appoint another or make the in­
vestigation itself. Once the report is
rendered, a mandatory wage order must be
issued under prescribed procedure.
Acts of 1945, Act 217________ Provides for a membership of 3 instead of 9
(Amends sections of Act 8 of
on the Minimum Wage Board; revises
1941.)
procedural provisions and authorizes in­
Effective May 11, 1945.
vestigation of several industries simultane­
ously.




STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS

54

Transfers administration and enforcement of
wage orders issued under the Minimum
Wage Act from the Minimum Wage
Board to the Commissioner of Labor;
modifies the procedure for issuing wage
orders by eliminating provisions for mini­
mum wage committees and providing
instead for appointment by the chairman
of the Minimum Wage Board of an equal
number of representatives of labor and
management as special members of the
Minimum Wage Board for the industry or
occupation for which issuance of a wage
order is being considered; provides for op­
portunity for hearing of interested parties
followed by issuance of mandatory order.
Strengthens various provisions of the Act so
Acts of 1948, Act 48
as to speed up the procedure for the prep(Amends Act 8 of 1941 as
ation and promulgation of mandatory de­
amended.)
crees. Enhances the investigating powers
Effective June 10, 1948.
of the Board and the authority of the Com­
missioner of Labor to enforce the Board’s
wage orders.

Acts of 1947, Act 451._______
(Amends Act 8, Acts of 1941,
as amended.)
Effective May 14, 1947.

Rhode Island:

Session laws 1945, ch. 1624----(Amends ch. 289, General
Laws 1938, as amended.)
Effective July 1, 1945.

Adds a new section (16-A) to prohibit the
employment of a male 21 years of age or
over in an occupation at lower standards
or rates of wages than those fixed for
women and minors in such occupation
under a directory or a mandatory mini­
mum-wage order; provides that sections
providing for court review, record-keeping,
penalties, and wage collection, respec­
tively, shall be applicable in case of an
employer’s failure to comply with the
provisions of this amendment or with any
wage order.

South Dakota:

Session laws, 1943, ch. 76-------- Increases the minimum wage for experienced
women and girls in cities of 2,500 popula­
(Amends sec. 17.0607, Code
tion or over from $12 per week to $15
1939.)
per week. Effective “until the end of the
Effective July 1, 1943.
next regular session of the legislature.”
Session laws 1945, ch. 77-------- Makes permanent the 1943 increase in
minimum-wage rates, for women and girls
(Amends sec. 17.0607, Code
in cities of 2,500 population or over.
1939, as amended.)
Effective Feb. 17, 1945.




JULY 1, 19 4 2—JANUARY 1, 1949

55

Washington:

Session laws 1943, ch. 192
Amends the procedural requirements for
(Amends sec. 7631, Reming­
revision of minimum-wage orders to
ton’s Revised Statutes.)
eliminate the provision that a conference
Effective June 9, 1943.
be called; provides instead that the In­
dustrial Welfare Committee upon holding
a public hearing may on its own motion
amend the original order on the basis of
evidence adduced at the hearing.




CURRENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE WOMEN’S BUREAU
FACTS ON WOMEN WORKERS—issued monthly. 4 pages.

(Latest statistics
on employment of women; earnings; labor laws affecting women; news items
of interest to women workers; women in the international scene.)
HANDBOOK OF FACTS ON WOMEN WORKERS. Bull. 225. 79 pp. 1948.
25(1.
THE AMERICAN WOMAN—Her Changing Role as Worker, Homemaker,
Citizen. (Women’s Bureau Conference, 1948.) Bull. 224. 210 pp. 1948.
EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK AND TRAINING FOR WOMEN

The Outlook for Women in Occupations in the Medical and Other Health Services,
Bull. 203:
1. Physical Therapists. 14 pp. 1945. 10;';.
2. Occupational Therapists. 15 pp. 1945. 10C
3. Professional Nurses. 66 pp. 1946. 15C
4. Medical Laboratory Technicians. 10 pp. 1945. 10C
5. Practical Nurses and Hospital Attendants. 20 pp. 1945. 10(1.
6. Medical Record Librarians. 9 pp. 1945. 10C
7. Women Physicians. 28 pp. 1945. 10C
8. X-Ray Technicians. 14 pp. 1945. 10C
9. Women Dentists. 21 pp. 1945. 10C
10. Dental Hygienists. 17 pp. 1945. 10C
11. Physicians’ and Dentists’ Assistants. 15 pp. 1945. 10C
12. Trends and Their Effect Upon the Demand for Women Workers. 55 pp.
1946. 15C
The Outlook for Women in Science, Bull. 223:
1. Science. [General introduction to the series.] 81 pp. 1949. 20c.
2. Chemistry. 65 pp. 1948. 20C
3. Biological Sciences. 87 pp. 1948. 25C
| 4. Mathematics and Statistics. 21 pp. 1948. 10C
5. Architecture and Engineering. 88 pp. 1948. 25C
[ 6. Physics and Astronomy. 32 pp. 1948. 15C
7. Geology, Geography, and Meteorology. 52 pp. 1948. 15C
8. Occupations Related to Science. 33 pp. 1948. 15C
The Outlook for Women in Police Work. Bull. 231. 31 pp. 1949. 15C
Your Job Future After College. Leaflet. 1947. (Rev. 1948.)
Your Job Future After High School. Leaflet. 1949.
Occupations for Girls and Women—Selected References. Bull. 229. (In press.)
Training for Jobs—for Women and Girls. [Under public funds available for
vocational training purposes.] Leaflet 1. 1947.
EARNINGS

Earnings of Women in Selected Manufacturing Industries, 1946.
14 pp. 1948. 10C




Bull. 219,

WOMEN’S BUREAU PUBLICATIONS

57

LABOR LAWS

Summary of State Labor Laws for Women. 8 pp. 1949. Multilith.
Minimum Wage:
State Minimum-Wage Law's and Orders, 1942: An Analysis. Bull. 191
52 pp. 1942. 200. Supplement, July 1, 1942-—January 1, 1949. Bull.
227. (Instant publication.)
State Minimum-Wage Laws. Leaflet 1, 1948.
Model Bill for State minimum-wage law for women. Mimeo.
Map showing States having minimum-wage laws. (Desk size; wall size )
Equal Pay:
Equal Pay for Women. Leaflet 2. 1947. (Rev. 1948.)
Chart analyzing State equal-pay laws and Model Bill. Mimeo.
Texts of State laws (separates). Mimeo.
Model Bill for State equal-pay law. Mimeo.
Selected References on Equal Pay for Women. 10 pp. 1949. Mimeo.
Movement for Equal-Pay Legislation in the United States. 5 pp. 1949
Multilith.
Hours of Work and Other Labor Laws:
State Labor Laws for Women, with Wartime Modifications Dec 15 1944
Bui. 202:
’
' ’
’
I. Analysis of Hour Laws. 110 pp. 1945. 150
II. Analysis of Plant Facilities Laws. 43 pp. 1945. 100.
III. Analysis of Regulatory Law's, Prohibitory Laws, Maternity Laws
12 pp. 1945. 50.
■
IV. Analysis of Industrial Home-Work Laws. 26 pp. 1945. 100.
V. Explanation and Appraisal. 66 pp. 1946. 150.
Supplements through 1948. Mimeo.
Working Women and Unemployment Insurance. Leaflet. (In press.)
Maps of United States showing State hour laws, daily and weekly. (Desk
size; wall size.)
LEGAL STATUS OF WOMEN

International Documents on the Status of Women. Bull. 217. 116 pp. 1947
250.
Legal Status of Women in the United States of America, January 1, 1948.
United States Summary. Bull. 157. (In preparation.)
Reports for States, territories and possessions (separates). Bulls. 157-1
through 157-54. 50 and 100 each.
I he Political and Civil Status of AVomen in the United States of America.
Summary, including Principal Sex Distinctions as of January 1 1948
Leaflet. 1948.
’
‘
Women’s Eligibility for Jury Duty. Leaflet. July 1, 1949.
Reply of United States Government to Questionnaire of United Nations Eco­
nomic and Social Council on the Legal Status and Treatment of Women.
Part I. Public Law. In 6 sections: A and B, Franchise and Public Office; C,
Public Services and Functions; D, Educational and Professional OpportunitiesE, Fiscal Law's; F, Civil Liberties; and G, Nationality. Mimeo.
HOUSEHOLD EMPLOYMENT

Old-Age Insurance for Household Workers. Bull. 220. 20 pp. 1947. 100.
Community Household Employment Programs. Bull. 221. 70 pp. 1948. 200.




58

WOMEN’S BUREAU PUBLICATIONS

RECOMMENDED STANDARDS for women’s working conditions, safety, and
health:
Standards of Employment for Women. Leaflet 1* 1946. 50 each. (Rev. 1948.)
When You Hire Women. Sp. Bull. 14. 16 pp. 1944. 100
The Industrial Nurse and the Woman Worker. Bull. 228. (Partial re­
vision of Sp. Bull. 19. 1944.) 48 pp. 1949. 150
Women’s Effective War Work Requires Good Posture. Sp. Bull. 10. 6 pp.
1943. 50
Washing and Toilet Facilities for Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 4. 11 pp.
1942. 50.
Lifting and Carrying Weights by Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 2. (Rev.
1946.) 12 pp. 50.
Safety Clothing for Women in Industry. Sp. Bull. 3. 11pp. 1941. 100.
Supplements: Safety Caps; Safety Shoes. 4 pp. ea. 1944. 50 each.
Poster—Work Clothes for Safety and Efficiency.
WOMEN UNDER UNION CONTRACTS
Maternity-Benefits Under Union-Contract Health Insurance I Ians. Bull.
214. 19 pp. 1947. 100.
COST OF LIVING BUDGETS
Working Women’s Budgets in Twelve States. Bull. 226. 36 pp. 1948. 150.
EMPLOYMENT
Employment of Women in the Early Postwar Period, with Background of
Prewar and War Data. Bull. 211. 14 pp. 1946. 100.
Women’s Occupations Through Seven Decades. Bull. 218. 260 pp. 1947.
450 (Popular version, Bull. 232, Women’s Jobs: Advance and Growth, in
press.)
Women Workers After V-Day in One Community—Bridgeport, Conn.
Bull. 216. 37 pp. 1947. 150.
Baltimore Women War Workers in Postwar Period. 61 pp. 1948. Mimeo.
INDUSTRY
Women Workers in Power Laundries. Bull. 215. 71 pp. 1947. 200.
The Woman Telephone Worker [1944], Bull. 207. 28 pp. 1946. 100.
Typical Women’s Jobs in the Telephone Industry [1944]. Bull. 207-A. 52
pp. 1947. 150.
Women in the Federal Service, 1923-1947. Part I. Trends in Employment.
Bull. 230-1. (In press.) Part II. Occupational Information. Bull.
230-11. (In preparation.)
Night Work for Women in Hotels and Restaurants. Bull. 233. (In press.)
WOMEN IN LATIN AMERICA
Women Workers in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Bull. 195. 15 pp.
1942. 50.
Women Workers in Brazil. Bull. 206. 42 pp. 1946. 100.
Women Workers in Paraguay. Bull. 210. 16 pp. 1946. 100.
Women Workers in Peru. Bull. 213. 41 pp. 1947. 100.
Social and Labor Problems of Peru and Uruguay. 1944. Mimeo.
Women in Latin America: Legal Rights and Restrictions. (Address before
the National Association of Women Lawyers.)
THE WOMEN’S BUREAU—Its purpose and functions. Leaflet. 1949.
Write the Women’s Bureau, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington 25, D. C.,
for complete list of publications available for distribution.