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State Minimum-Wage Laws and Orders AN ANALYSIS II. S. DEPARTMENT OE LABOR . WOMEN'S BUREAU . BULLETIN 167 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR FRANCES PERKINS, Secretary WOMEN’S BUREAU MARY ANDERSON, Director STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS AN ANALYSIS By FLORENCE P. SMITH .. ^TCS 0*. Bulletin of the Women’s Bureau, No. 167 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1939 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 20 cents CONTENTS . nx 1- to < Page Letter of transmittal Summary--------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------Analysis of State minimum-wage orders 3-34 Analysis of State minimum-wage laws (folders 1-5)facing 34 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL United States Department op Labor, Women’s Bureau, Washington, November 22, 1938. have the honor to submit a report presenting an analysis of the State minimum-wage laws and orders now in effect. Compiled with the closest attention to detail, these analyses are in great demand among the persons interested in the expanding program of the mini mum wage. This bulletin has been prepared by Florence P. Smith, research assistant. Respectfully submitted. Madam: I Mary Anderson, Director. Hon. Frances Perkins, » Secretary of Labor. STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS December 1938 SUMMARY During the quarter of a century since the first minimum-wage law in the United States was passed,1 the total number of such laws has increased to 27—25 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico having this type of legislation at the close of 1938. The States with wage laws on their statute books are Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wisconsin. These laws are broad in their coverage of industries, most of them being all-inclusive with a few listed exemptions, usually domestic service and agriculture. Most of the laws apply to women and minors, the exceptions being the laws of Arkansas, Louisiana, Nevada, South Dakota, and Puerto Rico, which cover women and girls, and the Oklahoma act, which applies to men as well as women and minors.2 All but a few of the minimum-wage laws provide for determination of wage rates by conferences or wage boards appointed to study the various industries and make recommendations to the State agencies authorized to fix minimum wages and issue orders. In Nevada, South Dakota, and Puerto Rico, however, the minimum wages to be paid were determined by the legislatures and are specified in the laws. While this is true also in Arkansas, the industrial welfare commission of that State has power to revise and adjust the wage to the cost of living. _ t Under the terms of the laws of Arkansas, California, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia, the minimum-wage rates must be adequate to supply the necessary cost of _ . living. In Connecticut, Illinois, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Ohio, and Rhode Island the laws provide for setting wages “fairly and reasonably commensurate with the value of the service or class of service rendered” if there is evidence that wages paid are oppressive and unreasonable, that is, less than the fair and reasonable value of the service rendered and less than sufficient to meet the minimum cost of living necessary for health. The Rhode Island law says also that the wage board may consider what wages the industry can afford to pay. Arizona, 1 The first law was passed in Massachusetts in 1912 and became effective July 1,1913. 2 Court action is pending in Oklahoma, where a technical defect in the law may invalidate it in its applica tion to men and minors. Enforcement of wage orders is prevented at present by injunction. 1 2 STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS AND ORDERS Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania provide for a fair wage commensurate with the value of the service rendered and that the wage board in determining a minimum wage may3 take into account the cost of living; New York provides that the wage board may take into account the value of the service rendered and the amount suffi cient to provide adequate maintenance and protect health. Wages paid in the State for work of like or comparable character by employers voluntarily maintaining minimum fair wage standards may be con sidered by the wage boards in Arizona, Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island.3 Though under most of the laws the minimum wage is determined for each industry separately and orders have been issued in some States for a wide coverage of industries, two States—Minnesota and Wis consin—have issued blanket orders applying to all industries in the State.4 Minimum-wage rates in effect at time of writing (December 1938) apply to approximately 1,000,000 women. With minimum-wage laws operating in more than half the States, including the most important industrial States, potential coverage extends to an estimated 4,000,000 women.5 In all, 108 wage orders have been issued, and—including the rates set in laws—minimum-wage rates are in effect in 22 States,6 the Dis trict of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. These rates vary by State and industry,7 but it is a significant fact that 87 percent of the rates set for women in manufacturing industries exceed the 25-cent hourly mini mum fixed in the Federal Fair Labor Standards Act for persons em ployed in industries engaged in interstate commerce.8 In fact, 35 percent run from 35 to 40 cents an hour, 72 percent are 30 cents an hour or more. Considering all rates set under State minimum-wage laws for women—for intrastate as well as interstate industries—90 percent exceed 25 cents, 74 percent are 30 cents or over, and 29 percent are 35 cents an hour or more. . Analyses follow of State minimum-wage laws and the wage orders issued under authority of the laws. 3 The Arizona and Kentucky laws say shall. * .T,he Minnesota blanket order, however, has been modified because of litigation involving 4 industries for which separate orders will be issued. 6 * Estimates based on U. S. Census of Occupations, 1930. 6 The States that have laws but have not yet set rates are Kansas, Kentucky, and Louisiana. (Since this report went to press Kentucky has adopted a blanket order and the single Utah order has been held void bv the State Supreme Court on the basis of the procedure followed in setting the rates ) ' mwr vanations allowed for locality, undertime, and overtime, see details in this report, pp. 3 to 34. * The act sets minimum wages at 25 cents an hour for the first year, or until October 24, 1939; 30 cents for the next 6 years; thereafter, 40 cents an hour, or the rate fixed by an industry committee, but not less than 30 cents an hour. ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS State, order, and effec tive date Arizona: Class of employees covered Women and female minors: Retail, i. e., all selling of merchandise to con sumer and not for purposes of resale in any form. Exception: Area extending 5 miles from port of entry at Nogales. Manufacturing, mechanical or mercantile estab Arkansas: lishment, laundry, express or transportation Mar. 20,1915. (Wage company, hotel, restaurant, eating place, bank, fixed in law.) 3i * building and loan association, insurance com pany, finance or credit business; company sup plying water or electricity; work in elevators. Exceptions: Cotton factories; gathering of fruits or farm products; railroad companies whose hours are regulated by Federal laws. California: No. 5a, Apr. 8, 1923... Mercantile. Exceptions: Workers in food cater ing departments. (See Order No. 12a.) Hours Minimum-wage rates $16 a week--------- -------------- Inexperienced: Females: Inexperienced (less than 6 months) _. All ..................... ................. Women and minors: inexperienced: Women (2 periods, 6 months each). Minors (4 periods, 6 months each). $10, $11, $12, $14 a week Part-time (employed on hourly basis less than 8 hours a day): Minors (except errand boys)------- 30 cents an hour___ ______ • 48 a week (8 a day, 6 days), or 42 a week (6 a day, 7 days). Less than 4 days a week, 8 hours each. 48 a week (8 a day, 6 days), or 42 a week (6 a day, 7 days). Less than 4 days a week, 8 hours each. 48 a week (8 a day, 6 days), or 42 a week (6 a day, 7 days). Less than 4 days a week, 8 hours each. 9 a day, 54 a week.3 Do.3 Over 9 a day.4 Less than 9 a day. Standard week.4 Do.4 Do.4 Less than 8 a day. Do. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND OBDERS Directory, Dec. 1, 1938. Mandatory, Feb. 1, 1939. Occupation or industry covered i Provisions of flat-rate laws also included. . 3 Digest of statutes 1921, secs. 7108, 7114; supplement 1927, secs. 7109-7110; session laws 1935, Act 150; 1937, Act 83. s Legal maximum hours. . . . .. * May be permitted by industrial welfare commission for 90 days a year only in industries such as canning and candy factories where it is shown that observance of the law would work irreparable injury. , , ,, _ , 4 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. Standard week means regularly established number of hours of work in the place of employment. OO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Occupation or industry covered Minimum-wage rates Women and minors—Continued. Special (employed on full-day basis 3 weeks or less): 8 a day.® Do 6 Messenger and errand boys (minor): No. 11a, May 8, 1923.. Hours Part-time... Standard week.® Do 5 Less than 8 a day. ___... .............. . Inexperienced: First 2 weeks: $9 a week; 18% cents an hour___ $9 a week; 18% cents an hour___ Do.3 Do.3 Do 3 Pait-time (employed on hourly basis less than 8 hours a day): Women. _ ... _______ ... $14 a week; 29H cents an hour... Less than 8 a day. Do. Messenger and errand boys (minor): $10.56 a week; 22 cents an hour. _ No. 7a, July 23, 1923._ No. 12a, Sept. 14,1923. Hotel and restaurant, i. e., hotel, lodging, or apartment house, restaurant, cafeteria, or other place where food or drink is sold to be con sumed on the premises; food catering depart ment of any mercantile establishment; any hospital except graduate nurses, nurses in training, or other professional women. Do.3 Do.6 Do.3 Less than 8 a day. Inexperienced (3 months)__... _ Part-time (eniployed on hourly basis less than 8 hours a day). Special (employed on full-day basis, less than standard week.) 8 a day.6 38 cents an hour, but not to ex ceed $16 a week. (Deductions allowed for meals or lodging.) 8 a day, 48 a week.6 Less than 48 a week. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS California— C ontinued. No. 5a, Apr. 8, 1923_ Mercantile. Exceptions: Workers in food cater ing departments. (See order No. 12a.) Class of employees covered No. 15a, Sept. 14,1923. Nut cracking and sorting. No. 6a, May 9,1923.. _ Fish canning..................... Women and minors: Experienced.................... Inexperienced (3 weeks). Women and minors: Experienced.................. No. 8a, Aug. 8,1923... Fruit and vegetable packing Women and minors: Dried fruit: Experienced............................... Inexperienced (4 weeks)_____ Citrus; green fruit and vegetable: Experienced.............................. Inexperienced_______________ (Citrus, 3 months; green fruit and vegetable, 2 weeks; cher ries, 1 season.) Overtime (women except office workers). No. 3a, Sept. 14,1929.. Fruit and vegetable canning Experienced (women; minors) Inexperienced (women; minors) (2 weeks). Overtime (women over 18, except la belers) . 8 a day, 48 a week.* Do.8 8 a day, 48 a week. (Basic except for minors under 18, labelers, office woikers.) 28 cents an hour............................ Do. 33 H cents an hour. 1)4 times the minimum.............. Double the minimum 1)4 times the minimum_______ Double 1H times the minimum. Over 8 and up to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Day of rest—first 8 hours. Day of rest—after 8 hours. 33H cents an hour. 25 cents an hour... 8 a day, 48 a week.* Do.8 33 H cents an hour. 8 a day, 48 a week. (Basic except for minors and office workers.) Do. 25 cents an hour. 25 cents an hour Over 8 and up to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Day of rest—first 8 hours. Day of rest—over 8 hours. 8 a day, 48 a week. (Basic except for labelers and mi nors under 18.) Do. in times regular rate-------------Double regular rate in times regular rate-------------Double m times regular rate— 25 cents an hour____ ____ _____ Over 8 and up to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Day of rest—first 8 hours. Day of rest—over 8 hours. 8 a day, 48 a week.® in times the minimum_______ Double the minimum in times the minimum_______ Double VA times the minimum. 33)4 cents an hour Male minors under 18 in occupations where no females are employed. 8 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. Standard week means regularly established number of hours of work in the place of employment. * Legal maximum hours. 7 The order specifies $16 for the “standard week” (see footnote 5) but by resolution adopted May 24,1934, the industrial welfare commission requires 33)4 cents an hour if 8 hours are worked in 1 day and 40 cents an hour for less than 8 hours a day, i. e., $16 only if 48 hours are worked. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Inexperienced (fancy packers, 3 weeks; all others, 1 week). Overtime (not allowed for minors, labelers, and office workers). 33H cents an hour. 25 cents an hour— ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered a Minimum-wage rates Hours Inexperienced: 18 years and over (2 periods, 3 months each). Under 18 years (3 periods, 2 months each). Overtime (women not covered by hour law and who received less than $30 a week). Part-time: Over 18 years or experienced un der 18. Special (employed on temporary basis less than 2 weeks): Over 18 years or experienced un der 18. Net. 10a, Sept. 14,1923. Unclassified occupations, i. e., all employment not included in other orders. Exceptions: Telephone and telegraph industries, profes sional occupations, domestic labor, harvesting, curing or drying of fruits and vegetables. 8 a day, 48 a week.8 Do.* Do.8 40 cents an hour (not over $2.67 a day). 30 cents an hour (not over $2 a day). Less than 8 a day. $2.67 a day 8 a day. Do. 8 a day, 48 a week.8 Messenger and errand boys under 18. Experienced: Minors under 18 in occupations where no adult women are em ployed. Inexperienced (first 3 weeks in occupa tion) : Do.8 Do.8 Part-time: Colorado No. 1, June 20, 1938--. Laumiry, i. e., all occupations directly concerned with the cleansing, finishing, collection, and distribution of laundry wares; washing, iron ing, or processing incidental thereto, for com pensation, of clothing, napery, blankets, bed clothing, or fabric of any kind whatsoever; col lecting, sale, or resale or distribution at retail Women and minors: Zone A:10 Do. Less than 6 a day. Do. $12.80 a week____ ___________ 32 cents an hour__ . Over 40 to 45 a week. Inexperienced (2 weeks).............. . _ 20 percent less than hourly rate. Less than 24 a week.*2 STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND OBDEBS California—Continued. No. 9a, Aug. 28,1933 _. Zone Brio Inexperienced (2 weeks)... Women and minors: Zone A (cities of 30,000 or more population and 5 miles beyond their boundaries): ExperiencedInexperienced: Women (4 months)_________ _ 40 a week or less. 28 cents an hour________ _____ Over 40 to 45 a week. Time and one-half... Over 45 to 48 a week.'* 28 cents an hour Less than 24 a week.12 20 percent less than hourly rate. $14 a week; 2914 cents an hour__ 48 a week, 6 days.11 75 percent of minimum for ex perienced workers. 48 a week, 6 days.11 Minors under 18: First 3 months......... ................. 75 percent of minimum for ex Do.11 perienced workers. Second 3 months..................... 87H percent of minimum for exDo.11 perienced workers. Overtime: For 3 peak weeks in first 6 Regular hourly rate........... .......... Over 48 to 56 a week.11 months and 4 peak weeks in second 6 months of calendar year. All other times___ ___________ Time and one-half the regular Over 48 a week.11 hourly rate. Part-time Hourly rate for full-time workers. Less than 48 a week. Zone B (cities and towns of 5,000 and under 30,000 population): Experienced.................................... $13 a week; 27Ma cents an hour.. 48 a week, 6 days.11 Inexperienced: Women (4 months) 75 percent of minimum for expe- 48 a week, 6 days.11 rienced workers. Minors under 18: First 3 months.. 75 percent of minimum for expe Do.11 rienced workers, Second 3 months............. ......... 8714 percent of minimum for ex Do.11 perienced workers. 5 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. Standard week means regularly established number of hours of work in the place of employment. • Legal maximum hours. 8 Legal maximum hours for minors under 18 and for women 18 and over in any manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, public lodging house, apartment house, hospital, barber shop, place of amusement, restaurant, telegraph or telephone establishment or office, the operation of elevators in office buildings, express or trans portation company. Exceptions: Nurses in hospitals; harvesting, curing, canning, or drying of any fruit, fish, or vegetable during period necessary to save products from spoiling. 8 The order says that women over 18 not subject to the houF law and who receive $30 or more a week may be employed over 48 hours in case of emergency. 10 Zone A.—Denver, Pueblo, and within a radius of 15 miles thereof; also, from June 1 to Sept. 1, Colorado Springs, Estes Park, and within a radius of 15 miles thereof. Zone B.— Remainder of State, and from Sept. 2 to May 31, Colorado Springs, Estes Park, and within a radius of 15 miles thereof. 11 For women and minors under 18 the laundry order provides maximum hours of 8 a day, 6 days a week; the retail order provides a basic 48-hour week, and except during emer gency peak periods, 1 day’s rest in 7. The minimum-wage law allows for overtime in emergencies if the minimum wage is increased. The hour law, applicable to females 16 and over, limits hours to 8 a day, without specifying a weekly limit of hours or days. 12 Applicable only to part-time workers defined as workers who request and are granted a permit by the industrial commission to work less than 24 hours a week. Other workers employed any number of hours up to and including 40 a week must be paid $12.80 in zone A, $11.20 in zone B. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS or wholesale of laundry services; producing of laundry service for their own use by business establishments, clubs, or profit-making institutions. Exceptions; Charitable institutions that pay no wages to workers in their own laundries and in which only inmates are em ployed; employees in private homes doing em ployers’ work only. Retail, i. e., selling of merchandise to the consumer, not for the purpose of resale, in any form within the State. -a ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Occupation or industry covered Zone C (towns and communities under 5,000 population): Inexperienced: Minors under 18: Time and one-half the regular hourly rate. Hourly rate for full-time workers. $11 a week; 2211/is cents an hour_. 48 a week, 6 days.11 75 percent of minimum for ex perienced workers. 87H percent of minimum for ex perienced workers. Connecticut: [No. 1] * Directory, Mar. 21, 1934. No. 2 Men’s single pants, i. e., men’s or boys’ single pants, including long pants, knee pants and 1938. slacks, of any material; operations incidental to the manufacture of such products. Hours Women and minors—Continued. Zone B—Continued. Overtime: months and 4 peak weeks in second 6 months of calendar year. • Minimum-wage rates Do.11 Do.11 Do.11 Overtime: For 3 peak weeks in first 6 Regular hourly rate..................... months and 4 peak weeks in second 6 months of calendar year. Time and one-half the regular hourly rate. Hourly rates for full-time work ers. Women and minors (home workers)... $13 a week (12 cents per gross yards, 1 thread; 18 cents per gross yards, 2 threads). Inexperienced: Second 3 months__________ ____ 25 cents an hour..... ........... ......... 40 a week. 9 a day, 48 a week.13 Do.13 Do.13 STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Colorado—Continu ed. No. 2, Jan. 16, 1939.-- Retail, i. e., selling of merchandise to the con (Continued) sumer, not for the purpose of resale, in any form within the State. Class of employees covered CO No. 3........................ Directory, May 10, 1938. District of Columbia: No. 3, Feb. 14, 1938... Retail trade______________________________ Women and minors. $10.50 a week__ 30 cents an hour. 33 cents an hour. 32 to 35 a week. Over 35 a week.13 31 or less a week. 35 cents an hour. 30 cents an hour. $14.40 a week__ 35 cents an hour. 9 a day, 48 a week.13 Do.13 41 to 48 a week.13 Less than 41 a week. $17 a week......... 40 to 48 a week or standard week.14 Do.14 Do.14 Less than 40 a week or less than standard week.14 Women and minors: Plant employees: Experienced Inexperienced (4 months) Store, office, and delivery employ ees, i. e., receiving clerks and other employees waiting on trade, book keepers and assistants, telephone operators and other office workers, employees checking out garments, and delivery workers. Women 18 years and over: Experienced__________ Inexperienced: First 6 months............ Second 6 months____ Part-time____________ Minors under 18 years: Inexperienced: First 12 months_____ $13 a week____ $15 a week____ 40 cents an hour. $13 a week.......... 40 to 48 a week or standard week.14 Do.14 Do.14 Less than 40 a week or less than standard week.14 11 For women and minors under 18 the laundry order provides maximum hours of 8 a day, 6 days a week; the retail order provides a basic 48-hour week, and except during emergency peak periods, 1 day’s rest in 7. The minimum-wage law allows for overtime in emergencies if the minimum wage is increased. The hour law, applicable to females 16 and over, limits hours to 8 a day, without specifying a weekly limit of hours or days. 13 Legal maximum hours 9 a day, 48 a week, for women and minors under 18. In cases of emergency and of seasonal or peak demand, commissioner of labor may allow 10 hours r day, 55 a week, for not more than 8 weeks in any 12 consecutive months. 14 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. Standard workweek means regular workweek fixed in any establishment. 13 For %girl who has reached her 18th birthday after 12 months’ experience, the minimum is $17; after 6 months’ experience, $15. Next 6 months. Thereafter 15__ Part-time______ $15 a week_____ $17 a week____ 30 cents an hour. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS No. 4 Directory, Jan. 9, 1939. Laundry, i. e., washing, ironing or processing in cidental thereto, for compensation, of laundry wares, including dry cleaning and all other operations carried on in establishments whose chief business is the above; collecting, sale, or resale or distribution at retail or wholesale of laundry service and the keeping of accounts, billing, and any other clerical work in connec tion therewith; producing of laundry service for their own use by business establishments, clubs, or other public or private institutions. Exception: State institutions. Cleaning and dyeing, i. e., cleaning, dyeing, redyeing, orpressing garmentsj;(including hats), upholstery, rugs, or any other fabrics and any process incidental thereto, including collecting and receiving such articles for the above pur poses, or giving out or collecting such articles after they have been cleaned, dyed, redyed, or pressed. Exceptions: Establishments manu facturing textiles or garments, including hats. Services included are productive, office, cleri cal, supervisory, repairing, delivery, store, or any other service whatosoever. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date 1. Occupation or industry covered Women and minors: Telephone operators, hat-check girls, elevator operators, cashiers, clerical workers, and all similar workers. Counter girls, salad girls, food check ers, cooks, bus girls, and all similar workers. Chambermaids, parlor maids, linenroom girls, cleaners, janitresses, charwomen, vegetable girls, dish and glass washers, kitchen help, and all similar workers. Waitresses Minimum-wage rates $17 a week........ ......... ................. 40 to 48 a week or standard week.16 Less than 40 a week or less than standard week.16 $16.50 a week................................ 40 to 48 a week or standard week.16 40 cents an hour.......................... Less than 40 a week or less than standard week.16 $14.50 a week------------------------ 40 to 48 a week or standard week.16 35 cents an hour....... ................... Less than 40 a week or less than standard week.16 40 cents an hour........................... $13.25 a week; $16.50 where tip ping is not allowed. 40 cents an hour.......... ............... (Deductions allowed for meals or lodging.) Women and minors: Productive plant workers and simi lar workers. Hours 36 to 48 a week or standard week.16 Less than 36 a week or less than standard week.16 $14.50 a week__ Over 16 to 44 a week. 35 cents an hour. Over 44 to 48 a week, or over 88 in 2 consecutive weeks.17 16 or less a week. 40 cents an hour. Store clerks and similar workers: E xperienced.......... ....................... . $17 a week.......... 40 cents an hour. 40 to 48 a week or standard week.14 Less than 40 a week or less than standard week. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS District of ColumbiaContinued. No. 4, May 8, 1938,— Public housekeeping, i. e., waitresses, cooks, counter girls, salad girls, food checkers, bus girls, vegetable girls, dish and glass washers, kitchen help, chambermaids, parlor maids, linen-room girls, cleaners, jamtresses, char women, telephone operators, hat-check girls, elevator operators, cashiers, clerical workers, and all such nonprofessional workers as may be properly classified in this occupation in (1) restaurants, either licensed or unlicensed whether operated as the principal business of the employer or as a department or unit of another business, (2) lunch counters, (3) cafe terias, (4) catering, banquet, or box-lunch service, (5) curb service, (6) boarding houses that offer meals for sale to 5 or more persons, and (7) all other establishments whatsoever where lunches, meals, or food in either solid and/or liquid form are prepared for and served to the public, (8) hotels, (9) apartment houses, (10) rooming houses offering rooms for rent to 5 or more persons, (11) auto-camps, (12) clubs, (13) hospitals, (14) private schools, (15) col leges, and (16) any other establishments offer ing rooms for rent to the public; and (17) wo men engaged in the care and servicing of apart ment houses, theaters, office buildings, retail stores, and other similar establishments as well as in those listed above. No. 5, July 5, 1938.... Laundry, dry cleaning, and dyeing, i. e., cleans ing, dyeing, pressing or processing or any other work incidental thereto, for compensation, of clothing (including hats), household furnish ings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather, or fabric of any kind whatsoever; the collection, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale of these services; and the producing of such services on its own behalf by any establishment, business, institution or club, or hospital, which services may be incidental to its present business. Class of employees covered O 116196 Inexperienced (2 months).............. Office workers, elevator and tele phone operators and similar workers. Women and minors: Beauty culturists, cosmetologists, manicurists, hairdressers, and similar workers: Experienced_______ __________ $14.50 a week__ $17 a week.......... 40 cents an hour. $18 a week------50 cents an hour. Registered learners. 50 cents an hour. $13 a week------- Junior operator (for 4 months after issuance of operator’s license). Cashiers, telephone operators, ap pointment desk clerks, clerical workers, and similar workers. $17 a week. $15 a week. Maids and cleaners. 40 cents an hour. $14.50 a week__ 40 cents and hour. 35 cents an hour. 40 to 48 a week.1* 40 to 48 a week or standard week.1* Less than 40 a week or less than standard week.14 36 to 48 a week or standard week.18 Less than 36 a week or less than standard week.18 Over 48 a week.18 36 to 48 a week or standard week.18 Do.18 Do.18 Less than 36 a week or less than standard week.18 Over 48 a week.18 36 to 48 a week or standard week.18 Less than 36 a week or less than standard week.18 Over 48 a week.18 35 cents an hour. 14 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. Standard workweek means regular workweek fixed in any establishment. 18 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week, for women in most occupations and for minors under 18. Standard workweek means regular workweek in any establishment. For workers whose hours are not limited by law, an additional 5 cents an hour must be paid for hours over 54 a week. 17 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week. The 44 hours a week may be averaged over 2 consecutive weeks, and the overtime rate shall apply only when more than 88 hours are worked in 2 consecutive weeks. 18 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week, for minors under 18; the same for women if shop can be classified as a mercantile establishment, i. e., if it sells other than service. Standard workweek means regular workweek fixed in any establishment. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Nonprofessional workers included are washers, cleaners, dyers, sorters, classifiers, shakers, starchers, markers, catchers, ironers, pressers, flat-work operators, press operators, folders, finishers, packers, wrappers, menders, fore ladies, solicitors, collectors, distributors, sellers, office workers, elevator operators, telephone operators, and all others engaged directly or indirectly in washing, ironing, processing, cleaning, dyeing, repairing, col lecting, selling, reselling or distributing laun dry, dry cleaning or dyeing services at retail or wholesale, in laundry, dry cleaning, dyeing, pressing establishments, department stores, hotels, institutions or in any other type of establishment where such work is performed. No. 6, Sept. 26, 1938- Beauty culture or cosmetology, i. e., selling or servicing in occupations such as shampooing, waving, straightening, tinting, dyeing, bleach ing, cutting, trimming hair; eyebrow and eye lash care; manicuring; pedicuring; massaging; removing superfluous hair, warts, or moles by use of electric needle; health and beauty treat ments, including facial treatments, baths and calisthenics; and any other phase of the busi ness. ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued Occupation or industry covered District of Columbia— Continued. Recommendations of wage board, Dec. 7, 1938. Office and previously unclassified. Exceptions: Manufacturing and wholesaling. Class of employees covered Women: Experienced. Inexperienced (6 months) Elevator operators........... Maids and cleaners. Illinois: No. 1___ __________ Directory, Feb. 11, 1935. No. 2____________ Directory, July 15, 1935. No. 1__________ Mandatory, Aug. 2, 1937.2® No. 3_____ ______ Directory, Oct. 21, 1935. No. 2____ ___ Mandatory, Mar. 21, 1938. Women and minors. Laundry, i. e., all processes directly concerned with the cleansing, collection, or distribution of laundry services. Exceptions: Plant main tenance; office work. Laundry establishment, i. e., any place in which one is engaged in any phase of the laundry trade. Beauty culture, i. e., shampooing, waving, or straightening hair; scalp and facial treatments; eyebrow shaping, eyelash and eyebrow dye ing; manicuring, hand and arm massage; hair cutting or trimming, tinting, and bleaching; removal ofsuperfluous hair, warts, or moles by use of an electric needle; demonstrating cos metics, supplies, and equipment; desk ap pointment girls and those selling cosmetics; cashiers and bookkeepers; managers; maids Women and minors: District I (Cook, Will, Lake, Du Page, and Kane Counties). District II (except District I coun ties north of and including Cal houn, Jersey, Macoupin, Mont gomery, Shelby, Cumberland, and Clark). District III (counties south of and including Madison, Bond, Fay ette, Effingham, Jasper, and Crawford). Women and minors: Registered beauty culjurists, mani curists, desk clerks, and shop managers. Apprentices: First year. Minimum-wage rates Hours $17 a week................................. . 50 cents an hour.__..................... __ do........ ..................................... $14 a week.......................... .......... $17 a week..................................... 40 cents an hour____________ __ do............. ................................. $14.50 a week................................. 35 cents an hour___....................... 30 to 44 a week. Over 44 a week. Less than 30 a week. 30 to 44 a week. 40 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week. Less than 40 a week. 40 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week. —do........................................ Less than 40 a week. . 35 cents an hour.............. -........ . 40 a week. 46?6 cents an hour Over 40 a week.i® 38^ cents an hour (10 percent Less than 40 a week. added to basic rate), not over $14 a week. 28 cents an hour; $11.20 a week... 28 cents an hour 20 42 cents an hour20....................... 30Mo cents an hour 25 cents an hour, $10 a week____ 25 cents an hour20........................ 37H cents an hour20—......... ........ 27 cents an hour....... ................. 40 a week. Over 40 to 44 a week. Over 44.i® Less than 25 a week. 40 a week. Over 40 to 44 a week. Over 44 a week.i® Less than 25 a week. 23 cents an hour; $9.20 a week___ 23 cents an hour 20........................ 34J4 cents an hour20..................... 25Ho cents an hour...................... 40 a week. Over 40 to 44 a week. Over 44 a week.i® Less than 25 a week. $16.50 a week................................ $16.50 a week............................... 55 cents an hour........................... 74 cents an hour........................... 45 a week. Over 45 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.2i Sundays and legal holidays. $10 a week_____ $10 a week_____ 33 cents an hour44 cents an hour. 45 a week. Over 45 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.2* Sundays and legal holidays. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND OKDEKS State, order, and effec tive date to and cleaning women; all females and male minors employed by the owner or manager of a beauty shop. Directory, May 1, 1938. Massachusetts: No. 1 Directory, Oct. 1, 1935. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. women’s and children’s cotton, rayon, and linen dresses, aprons, and uniforms. 45 a week. Over 45 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.** Sundays and legal holidays. 45 a week. Over 45 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.” Sundays and legal holidays. 8 a day, 48 a week.” 8 a day or less. Over 8 a day.” 40 a week. Do. Do. Over 40 a week.*9 Laundry and dry cleaning, i. e., any activity Women and minors: 30 cents an hour---------- ---------- 35 or over a week.22 Experienced.......... concerned with the washing, ironing, or pro 33 cents an hour; but not more Less than 35 a week. cessing incidental thereto of any kind of fabric than 35 times basic minimum or laundry wares; collection, distribution, or a week. sale of laundry service; any activity directly 27V6 cents an hour--------- -------- 9 a day, 48 a week.22 (4 weeks). Inexperienced concerned with the cleaning, refreshing, or restoration of any fabric or article of wearing apparel including pressing or other work inci dental thereto or performed in connection therewith, collection, distribution, or sale of dry-cleaning service. The producing or ren dering of any of the above activities or services by the employer upon his own behalf or for others. and minors: No. 2.............. ............. Electrical equipment and supplies, i. e., incan Women Do-21 Experienced 35 cents an hour.. descent lamps, electric-lighting accessories, Directory, May 1, Do.22 Inexperienced (6 months, 3 in 1 fac- 30 cents an hour radios, radio parts, mica, insulated wire, fuses, 1936. tory). signal and protective systems, and various Mandatory, Oct. 1, kinds of electrical appliances and devices for 1937. household and office use, telephone cords, fire-alarm apparatus, electric-light sockets, automobile lighting fixtures, spark plugs, electric irons, and similar devices. 19 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week for females. 20 Rates for hours over 40 not yet mandatory. .................. „ „ .... , „ „ ” Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week; in mercantile establishments 9 a day, 54 a week, allowed during 4 weeks a year. ... , _ • ,. _ 22 Legal maximum hours 9 a day, 48 a week, for women and minors 16 and under 18. Full time (where indicated) means the number of hours a week required by employer and permitted by State law. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND OBDEKS No. 4........................ Wash dress, i. e., production or manufacture of $12.50 a week................................. $12.50 a week.......... ................... 42 cents an hour--------------------56 cents an hour........................... $15 a week.................................... Maids. $15 a week 50 cents an hour............................ 66 cents an hour........................ . Cleaning women------------------------- 30 cents an hour..... ...................... Part-time, except cleaning women $3 a day......................................— (less than 45 hours a week). Overtime............................................. Same as rates for more than 48 hours a week. Women and minors: Experienced-.................................. - $14.80 a week; 37 cents an hour.. Inexperienced: First 8 weeks.................... .............. $7.40 a week.................................. Second 8 weeks............................ . $11.10 a week------------------------Overtime............................. -........ — lHo times the hourly rates------Second year. CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Directory, Mar. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. Directory, Mar. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. Class of employees covered Retail store. Exceptions: Occupations covered by other minimum fair wage orders. Women and minors: Experienced (age 19 or over, with 1 year in the occupation): Class A (cities over 500,000 population). Class B (cities over 30,000 and under 500,000 population). Class C (communities of 30,000 and under). Inexperienced (age 18 or over, with less than 1 year in the occupa tion; and 18 years irrespective of experience): Boot and shoe cut stock and findings, i. e., counters, innersoles, shoe trimmings and ornaments, stays, wood and leather heels, shanks, rands, and similar lines. Men’s clothing and raincoat: Men’s and boys’ wool clothing, i. e., suits, topcoats, overcoats, and single pants. Raincoats, work clothing, mackinaws, melton and leather jackets, cotton slacks, ski suits. No. 6.............. ........... Directory, Mar. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. Minimum-wage rates Full time, i. e., 36 a week or over.22 Do.22 Do.22 Class B (see above)..................... Class C (see above)......................... Under 18 years: Class A (see above)........ ......... ...... Class B (see above)______ Class C (see above)__________ Part-time............................. Hourly rates based on hours of full-time women workers. Women and minors: Experienced______ _________ Inexperienced (less than 3 months)— Women and minors: Experienced............................. Inexperienced: 1 to 3 months............................. 3 to 9 months........................ Overtime__________ _______ Experienced............................. Inexperienced: 1 to 3 months______ 3 to 9 months......................... Overtime.............................. Women and minors: Experienced........................... . Inexperienced: Less than 6 months............... 6 to 12 months........................ Hours Do 22 Do.22 Do.22 Do.22 Do.22 Do.22 Less than 36 a week. Full time.22 Do.22 36 a week. Do. Do. Do. Do. Over 40 a week.22 $14.40 a week; 30 cents an hour.. $9.60 a week; 20 cents an hour... $12 a week; 25 cents an hour___ Do.22 Do.2» STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Massachusetts—Con. No. 3___ ________ Directory, Oct. 1, 1936. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. Occupation or industry covered Men’s furnishings, i e., overalls, work shirts, work pants, garters, suspenders, dress shirts, neckwear, collars, underwear, and pajamas. Brush...................................................................... Women and minors: Experienced........................................ $14 a week; 35 cents an hour___ 40 a week.23 Inexperienced: Do.22 Less than 3 months.-..................... $8.50 a week; 21H cents an hour. Do.22 3 to 6 months.......... ....................... $10 a week; 25 cents an hour. Women and minors: 9 a day, 48 a week.22 Do.33 Women’s clothing, i. e., coats, suits, skirts, dresses, waists, and blouses. Women and minors: Corset, ie., corsets, girdles, corset-brassiere com binations, belts, bands, garters to complete a garment, and all similar related lines. Women and minors: Experienced Inexperienced (under age 17, less than 1 year in industry). Stationery goods and envelopes, including tab lets, blankbooks, tissue-paper products, greet ing cards, card-filing equipment, and miscel laneous paper goods. Women and minors: Experienced: No. 12...................... . Toys, games, and sporting goods, i. e., toys, Directory, Aug. 1, games, kindergarten supplies, and sporting 1937. goods. Mandatory, Jan. 1, 1938. Do.22 Do.22 $14 a week; 29^6 cents an hour... Full time.22 $10 a week; 20^ cents an hour... Do.22 44 a week or less. Over 44 a week.22 44 a week or less. 31 \i cents an hour...................... Over 44 a week.22 $11.50 a week....... .................... 44 a week or less. 26)4 cents....................................... Over 44 a week.22 33 cents an hour______ _______ Inexperienced (under age 18, less than 9 months in 1 establishment or on a specific operation). Women and minors: Inexperienced: Less than 6 weeks............................ $11 a week; 27J4 cents an hour... 6 weeks to 1 year___ __________ $13 a week; 32Yi cents an hour__- 40 a week. Do. Do. Over 40.22 No. 13.......................... Women’s and children’s underwear, neckwear, Women and minors: Directory, Oct. 1, and cotton garment, i. e., house dresses, aprons, 40 a week.22 1937. underwear, neckwear, children’s clothing, and Inexperienced: Mandatory, July 1, similar lines. Less than 3 months $8.50 a week; 21 cents an hour. Do.22 1938. Do.22 No. 14...................... Druggists’ preparations, proprietary medicines, Women and minors: 9 a day, 48 a week.22 Directory, Mar. 1, and chemical compounds, i. e., salves, lini ments, emulsions, talcum powders, sachets, 1938. Inexperienced: Mandatory, Nov. cosmetics, perfumes, toilet waters, cold Do.22 creams, hair restorers, cough syrups, pills, 1, 1938. Do.33 druggists’ supplies, headache powders, troches, tooth powders, elixirs, ointments, tinctures, and similar lines. 22 Legal maximum hours 9 a day, 48 a week, for women and minors 16 and under 18. Full time (where indicated) means the number of hours a week required by employer and permitted by State law. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS No.7........................... Directory, Mar. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. No. 8-........................ Directory, Mar. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. No. 9____ _________ Directory, Mar. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. No. 10.................. . Directory, Apr. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. No. 11.___ ________ Directory, July 15, 1937. Mandatory, Jan. 1, 1938. Or ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date No. 16 Directory, May 1, 1938. Mandatory, Nov. 1, 1938. No. 17............ .......... Directory, Aug. 1, 1938. Mandatory, Nov. 2, 1938. No. 18 Directory, Oct. 1, 1938. Bread and bakery products, i. e., bread, cakes, crackers, and all other bakery products. Pocketbook and leather goods, i. e., pocketbooks, bags, brief cases, leather and imitation leather goods, suit cases, trunks, card cases, desk sets, dog collars, and similar lines. Paper box, i. e., set-up, folding and corrugated trade as well as for their own consumption. Millinery, i. e., the front shop which manufac tures ladies’, misses’, and children’s headwear (trimmed or untrimmed, of any material) by blocking, operating, cutting, moulding, mak ing, trimming, and similar operations, and the finishing of men’s and women’s wool and furfelt hat bodies in the front shop; work on men’s and women’s wool and fur-felt hat bodies in so-called back shop; office employees and non productive workers. No. 19............ ............ Canning and preserving, minor lines of confec Directory, Dec. 1, tionery and food preparations, i. e., all occu1938 pations connected with manufacture of the product, including nonproductive and clerical workers. No. 15,® July 1, 1920.. Knit goods, i. e., all branches except the staple lines of hosiery and underwear, this exception not applying to lines used for athletic purposes nor to special lines such as bathing suits, tights, and infants’ garments. No. 18,® Feb. 1,1921No. 33,® Jan. 1, 1927.. Jewelry and related lines, i. e., jewelry, jewelry findings, silver novelties, optical goods, watches, and clocks. Exceptions: Flat of table silver, jewelry and instrument cases. Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours Women and minors: Cities of 100,000 population and over. $14 a week. ______ _____ ... Full time.23 Cities and towns of 25,000 and under $13 a week........ ........ ................... Do.22 100,000 population. Cities and towns of under 25,000 $12 a week................................ Do.22 population. Women and minors: 35 cents an hour_____ _______ Over 40 a week.22 Inexperienced (less than 3 months).. 26)4 cents an hour; $10.50 a week. 40 a week. 26)4 cents an hour___ _____ ... Over 40 a week.22 Women and minors: 9 a day, 48 a week.22 Inexperienced (less than 6 months).. 30 cents an hour......... .......... Do.22 Women and minors: Front shop: Do.22 Do.22 Do.22 Women and minors: Experienced___ _______ _________ $14.25 a week; 32.4 cents an hour. 44 a week.22 Do.22 Females: Experienced..... ............................. $13.75 a week................................ Full time.22 Do.22 37 cents an hour, but not over Less than 42 a week. $15.40 a week. Females: Experienced (age 20 and 6 months $14.40 a week............................... Full time.22 in the occupation). Inexperienced..................................... $12 a week.................................... Do.22 STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Massachusetts—Con. No. 15_____ _____ Directory, May 1, 1938. Mandatory, Nov. 1, 1938. Occupation or industry covered Minnesota: No. 13, July 11,193814. Any occupation, i. e., any industry, trade or branch thereof. Women and minors: Class A:15 Experienced----Inexperienced 18 years and over: First 3 months_____________ Minors between 16 and 18. Class B: “ Experienced. Inexperienced 18 years and over: First 3 months_____________ Second 3 months. Minors between 16 and 18-------Class C:15 Experienced----- ----------------- — Inexperienced 18 years and over: First 3 months.___ ______ 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.2® Less than 36 a week. 112 a week------29 cents an hour. 29 cents an hour. $13.50 a week— 32 cents an hour. 32 cents an hour. $12 a week____ 29 cents an hour. 29 cents an hour. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. $13.50 a week— 30 cents an hour. 30 cents an hour. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. $10.80 a week— 24 cents an hour. 24 cents an hour. $12.15 a week— 27 cents an hour. 27 cents an hour. $10.80 a week— 24 cents an hour. 24 cents an hour. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. $12 a week_____ 27 cents an hour. 27 cents an hour. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.29 Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. $9.60 a week___ Over 48 a week.29 22 cents an hour. Less than 36 a week. 22 cents an hour. 36 to 48 a week. $10.80 a week— Second 3 months___________ Over 48 a week.29 24 cents an hour. Less than 36 a week. 24 cents an hour. !! Legal maximum hours 9 a day, 48 a week, for women and minors 16 and under 18. Full time (where indicated) means the number of hours a week required by employer and permitted by State law. 21 Pe^dtag^doption'ofsepame^rders, made necessary by litigation, the blanket order of 1921 was revived in October 1938 for four industries—:la2m5!7tinsfe o7mmmunitv°are and telegraph. Under this order experienced rates are $12 a week in cities of 5,000 or more population and $10.25 elsewhere; inexperienced rates, according to sue of community, are $9.12 and $7.68 a week for women and minors 18 years and over, and $7.68 and $6.48 for minors under18. ___ s non » Class A —Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or townships having 50,000 or more inhabitants. Class B.—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or townships having more t a , and under 50 000 inhabitants. Class O.—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or townships having 3,000 to 5,000 inhabitants. Class D.—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or town ships LegalmaSdmu^M-hou^week applies to females in public housekeeping, manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, orl sundry occupations; telephone operators in towns of 1,500 population and over. Industrial commission may allow longer hours during emergency periods not exceeding aggregate of 4 weeks a year. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Second 3 months. $15 a week:_____ 36 cents an hour. 36 cents an hour- ANALYSIS OP STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued 00 State, order, and effec tive date Occupation or industry covered Minnesota—C on t d. No. 13, July 11, 1938-- Any occupation, i. e., any industry, trade or branch thereof. Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.28 Less than 36 a week. Class D:25 Experienced________ _____ Inexperienced 18 years and over: First 3 months_____ Second 3 months... __ __ Minors between 16 and 18____ Nevada: May 28, 1937. (Wage Private employment. Exceptions: Domestic fixed in law.) 27 service; State, county, city, or town employees. New Hampshire: Directory, May 1, 1936. Mandatory, July 1. 1988. No. 2--_....... . Directory, Apr. 1, 1936. No. 3___ ________ Mandatory, Nov. 1, 1938. Laundry, i. e., any activity directly concerned with the washing, ironing, or processing of laundry wares; collection, distribution, or sale of laundry services; producing of laundry serv ices on their own behalf or for others by business establishments, clubs, institutions, and over night camps. Laundry establishment, i. e., any place in which any phase of laundry service is conducted. Restaurant occupation, i. e., any activity di rectly concerned with the preparation and serving of food to the public for pay, in any establishment where at least 10 people are served per day, where lodging is not also pro vided to the public for pay. Restaurant establishment, i. e., any establish ment that prepares and offers for sale food for consumption either on any of its premises, or by catering and banquet service, box lunch 36 to 48 a week. 24 cents an hour___ . 19 cents an hour_______ 22 cents an hour____ _____ 22 cents an hour____ ____ Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. Over 48 a week.28 Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. Less than 36 a week. 36 to 48 a week. 19 cents an hour________ (Deductions allowed for meals or lodging.) Females............. .................. 8 a day, 48 a week. Time and one-half regular rate... Over 8 a day; over 48 to 56 a week; 7 days a week.26 Women and minors: Experienced________________ Inexperienced (3 months)........... Women and minors: Service______ ... Nonservice______ All (if meals are not furnished) 10J4 a day, 54 a week.31 Do.31 25 cents to be added far each meal not allowed while on duty. (Deduction allowed for lodging.) 54 a week. Do. • STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Women and minors—Continued. Class C—Continued. Minors between 16 and 18_. - _ _. Hours Women and minors: Experienced: Winter outfits and men’s clothing. _ Handkerchiefs, aprons, gloves, women’s house dresses, and other similar accessories. 10 a day, 48 a week. 31 Do-31 Do.31 No. 4___ __________ Hosiery and knit goods, i. e., hosiery, underwear, Women and minors: Directory, May 1, berets, gloves, and other knitted articles; any activity directly concerned with the manufac 133" ture of knit goods. Exceptions: Occupations concerned with spinning and dyeing yarns; plant maintenance; office work. No. 5_____ Beautician occupation, i. e., any activity con Women and minors: Directory, Mar. 15, cerned with hairdressing, manicuring, or any Licensed operators and hairdressers other branch of cosmetology. 1938. (less than 1 year). New Jersey: No. 1.............. ............ Directory, Sept. 6, 1937. Mandatory, July 11,1938. Do.3i Do.31 10K a day, 54 a week.31 Do.31 Students working on customers........ 50 percent of charge for the service Laundry, i. e., any activity in marking, sorting, washing, ironing, assembling, packaging, and all other operations in the laundering of articles of clothing, napery, blankets, bgd clothing, or fabrics of any kind or their collection or de livery, irrespective of the nature of the business of the employer, and all occupations in estab lishments commonly known as laundries. Exception: Office workers. Women and minors: Zone A (Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Middlesex, Morris, Passaic, and Union Counties). $13.20 a week; 33 cents an hour. 36.3 cents an hour (10 percent added to basic rate), not over $13.20 a week. $12 a week; 30 cents an hour___ 33 cents an hour (10 percent added to basic rate), not over $12 a week. $10.40 a week; 26 cents an hour.. Do.31 Do.31 40 a week.32 Less than 40 a week. 40 a week.32 Zone B (Burlington, Camden, Glou Less than 40 a week. cester, Mercer, Somerset; and, from June 1 to Oct. 1, Atlantic, Mon mouth, and Ocean Counties). 40 a week.32 Suburban zone (Cape May, Cum berland , Hunterdon, Salem, Sussex, Warren; and from Oct. 1 to June 1, Atlantic, Monmouth, and Ocean Counties). 24 Class A.—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or townships having 50,000 or more inhabitants. Class B.—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or townships having more than 5,000 and under 50,000 inhabitants. Class C.—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or townships having 3,000 to 5,000 inhabitants. Class D.—Cities, towns, villages, boroughs, or townships having under 3,000 inhabitants. . 26 Legal maximum 54-hour week applies to females in public housekeeping, manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, or laundry occupations; telephone operators in towns of 1,500 population and over. Industrial commission may allow longer hours during emergency periods not exceeding aggregate of 4 weeks a year. 37 Session Laws 1937, ch. 207. 28 Minimum rates are not compulsory during a single probationary period of 3 consecutive months. 29 More than 8 hours a day, 48 a week, allowed only in emergencies. 30 Directory Order No. 1 for the laundry industry, effective Aug. 1, 1934, was revised and reissued as No. la. 31 Legal maximum hours for women and minors under 18. In manufacturing establishments, 10H hours a day, 54 a week, during 8 weeks in any 6-month period may be allowed by labor commissioner. 32 Legal maximum hours, 10 a day, 54 a week, for females. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS No. 3........................ . Directory, Dec. 1, 1936. No. 1.......................... . Mandatory, Oct. 1, 1937. or curb service; the term “food” includes nutri tive material intended for human consump tion, in solid or liquid form, whether cooked or uncooked, or otherwise prepared, exclud ing, however, medicinal or quasi-medical preparations. Clothing and accessories, i. e., men’s clothing, women’s clothing, winter outfits, gloves, handkerchiefs, aprons, and other similar accessories. CD ANALYSIS OP STATE MINI MUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates to O Hours New York: • No. 2.............. ......... . Directory, Aug. 1, 1938. No. 3 Directory, Nov. 14, 1938. Beauty shop, i. e., any place or establishment where women or minors are employed for the purpose of rendering beauty service. Beauty service, i. e., all service or operations used or useful in the care, cleansing, or beautification of the skin, nails, or hair, or in the enhance ment of personal appearance; services or operations incidental to such care, cleansing, beauti fication, or enhancement, including the service of maids, cashiers, receptionists, or appoint ment clerks. Confectionery, i. e., preparation, processing, manufacture, wrapping, packaging, or packing of confections and candies of all kinds, includ ing inspissated honeys, sugars and syrups used as sweetmeats, chewing gum, sweetened cough drops, and chocolate and cocoa products. Ex ceptions: Preserved and candied fruits Women and minors: Zone A (New York City; Westchester and Nassau Counties). $14 a week............................. ...... 35 cents an hour Time and one-half____ _ Zone B (cities outside zone A with $12.80 a week (to Dec. 31,1938); a population of over 18,000; from $13.20 a week (Jan. 1, 1939, to June 15 to Se t. 15, resort coun July 1, 1939); $13.60 a week ties 34). (July 2,1939, to Dec. 30, 1939); $14 a week (after Dec. 30,1939). 32, 33, 34, and 35 cents an hour, respectively, for periods as in dicated above. Time and one-half...... ................. Zone C (remainder of State including 30 cents an hour resort counties 84 from Sept. 15 to Time and one-half June 15). Women and minors: Full-time: All 40 a week or less. Over 40 to 45 a week. Over 45 a week.33 40 a week or less. Over 40 to 45 a week. Over 45 a week.88 45 a week or less. Over 45 a week.38 45 a week or less. Do. Double time ____________ . _ Over 48.34 8 a day or less. Time and one-half...... ............... Over 8 a day.34 52^ cents an hour_._ ________ Sept. 1 to Apr. 1: $10 a week.... ...................... . $11.20 a week____ _ ___ _ 35 cents an hour__ _______ Apr. 1 to Sept. 1: $7 a week _____ $8.40 a week_______ _____ 35 cents an hour................... . 8 a day, 40 a week. Over 8 a day or 40 a week.33 3® 3 days a week or less. 4 days a week.37 Over 4 days a week up to 40 hours, inclusive.37 2 days a week or less. 3 days a week.33 Over 3 days a week up to 40 hours, inclusive.38 STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS No. 1 Laundry occupations, i. e., all occupations di Directory, Mar. 14, rectly concerned with the cleansing, finishing, collecting, and distributing of laundry wares. 1938. Mandatory, Aug. Exceptions: Occupations concerned solely with plant maintenance or office work. 22,1938. No. 2, Apr. 4,1922___ Manufacturing, i. e., all processes in the produc tion of commodities, including work in dress making shops, wholesale millinery houses, workrooms of retail millinery shops, and in the drapery and furniture-covering workshops, the garment alteration, art needlework, furgarment making, and millinery workrooms in mercantile stores; employees of creameries and produce houses, and the candy-making departments of retail candy stores and of res taurants; in bakery and biscuit-manufacturing establishments, in candy manufacturing and in book-binding and job-press-feeding estab lishments. Women: Waitress or counter girl Board furnished (21 meals)--------Board and lodging furnished Lodging furnished-------------------Chambermaids and kitchen help----Board furnished (21 meals) Board and lodging furnished-------Lodging furnished............ ............... Part-time________________ Women: Biscuit and candy: Experienced........ .......................... . Inexperienced (3 periods, 3 months each). Bookbinding and job press feeding: Experienced_______ __________ Inexperienced (4 periods, 3 months each). All other manufacturing: Experienced----------- ------ ---------Inexperienced______ __________ Part-time. .. $13.41 a week $8.16 a week; $35.36 a month-----$6.16 a week; $26.69 a month-----$11.41 a week; $49.44 a month----$12.78 a week $7.53 a week; $32.63 amonth-----$5.53 a week; $23.96 a month-----$10.78 a week; $46.71 a month---Ha of weekly wage for each hour worked. $14 a week; $60.67 a month $9, $10.50, $12 a week; $39, $45.50, $52 a month. $14 a week; $60.67 a month $9, $10.50, $12, $13 a week; $39, $45.50, $52, $56.33 a month. 9 a day, 58 a week in towns under 500 population; 814 a day, 48 a week else where.39 Do.39 Do.39 Do.39 Do.39 Do.39 Do.39 Do.39 40 to 48 a week.40 Do.40 Do.40 Do.40 $14 a week; $60.67 a month Do.40 Rates and periods to be deter mined by department of agri culture and labor in conference with employer and employee. Ho of weekly minimum an hour.. 35 to 40 a week. J48 of weekly minimum an hour.. 34 or less a week. No. 3, Dec. 16, 1932... Mercantile, i. e., work in establishments oper Women: $13 a week; $56.33 a month--------- 9 a day, 54 a week in towns Experienced ated for the purpose of trade in the purchase under 500 population; 814 or sale of any goods or merchandise, including a day, 48 a week else the sales force, wrapping force, auditing or where.39 checking force, the shippers in the mail-order Do.39 $10.80 a week; $46.80 a month----Inexperienced (1 year) department, the receiving, marking, and stock 14s of weekly minimum for each Part-time..................... room employees and all other women, except hour worked. those performing office duties solely. 33 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week, for women and minors under 18. Over 8 a day allowed only to make one short day in week. 34 Resort counties: Chautaqua, Clinton, Essex, Franklin, Greene, Jefferson, Orange, St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Suffolk, Sullivan, ulster, and V\ arren. 33 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week, for boys between 16 and 18, and for females over 16 in towns of 15,000 population and over. _ . ,, 3« During 14-week peak period each year (or 2 periods aggregating not over 14 weeks) the rates are 3814 cents an hour for hours over 40 to 44, 5214 cents for hours over 44 to 48. 37 If called to work on fourth day, whether or not she works, employee must be paid for 4 days. 33 If called to work on third day, whether or not she works, employee must be paid for 3 days. 40 Leg^l^^aximum^hours 8J4 a day, 48 a week, in towns of 500 population and over; in telephone exchanges elsewhere, maximum hours a day and days a month to be fixed by agreement between employer and employee. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS North Dakota: No. 1, Dec. 16, 1932... Public housekeeping, i. e., the work of waitresses in restaurants, hotel dining rooms, boarding houses, and all attendants employed at ice cream and light lunch stands and steam table or counter work in cafetei ias and delicatessens where freshly cooked foods are served and the work of chambermaids in hotels and lodging houses and boarding houses, and hospitals and the work of janitresses and car cleaners and of kitchen workers in hotels and restaurants and hospitals and elevator operators. to ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date North Dakota—Contd. No. 4, Dec. 16, 1932.._ Laundry, i. e., any place where clothes are washed or cleaned by any process, by any person, firm, institution, corporation, or asso ciation; all processes connected with the re ceiving, marking, washing, cleaning, ironing, and distribution of washable or cleanable materials; work performed in laundry depart ments of hotels, hospitals, and factories. No. 5, Apr. 4,1922.... Telephone............................................................. . Class of employees covered Women: Experienced........... .............. ............ If laundry privileges allowed____ Inexperienced: First 3 months---------------- -----Next 2 months........................ ........ Part-time Women in towns of 1,800 or more population: Experienced____ ________________ Inexperienced: First month Next 4 months Next 4 months............ ...... ........... Part-time: Experienced____________ _____ Inexperienced (3 periods as above) _ Women in towns under 1,800 popula tion: Experienced________________ ____ Inexperienced: First month____________ ______ Next 4 months Next 4 months Part-time: Towns of 500 but under 1,800 pop ulation: Experienced___________ ______ Inexperienced (3 periods as above). Towns under 500 population: Experienced Inexperienced (3 periods as above). to Minimum-wage rates Hours $12.60 a week; $54.60 a month___ 38 to 48 a week.40 $12.10 a week Do.40 $9.90 a week; $42.90 a month___ Do.40 $11.25 a week; $48.75 a month---Do.40 J4s of weekly minimum an hour. Less than 32 a week. Hs of weekly minimum an hour. 32 to 38 a week. $14 a week; $60.67 a month Over 40 a week.40 $10 a week; $44.43 a month......... $11.50 a week; $48.17 a month__ $12.50 a week; $54.16 a month__ Do.40 Do.40 Do.40 29 cents an hour 25, 26, 28 cents an hour 40 or less a week. Do. $12 a week; $52 a month... Over 40 a week.40 $9 a week; $39 a month__ $10 a week; $43.43 a month. $11 a week; $47.67 a month. Do.40 Do.40 Do.40 25 cents an hour______ 22, 23, 24 cents an hour. 40 or less a week. Do. 20 cents an hour_____ 17,18,19 cents an hour. (40). C40). STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND OBDEBS 4 Occupation or industry covered to No. 6, May 28,1936— Any occupation (i. e., occupations covered by Orders nos. 1-5 for women). Minors under 18: Experienced— Inexperienced— Ohio: Same as rates for women in Or ders nos. 1-5. ___ do......................................— 8 a day, 48 a week.” 27}4 cents an hour; $11 a week... 29 cents an hour 30H cents an hour (10 percent added to 27}4 cents). 27J4 cents an hour 37 cents an hour (1H times basic 27H cents). 40 a week. 19 a week. Less than 19 a week. Do” STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Laundry, i. e., washing, ironing, or processing Women and minors. incidental thereto, for compensation, of cloth ing, napery, blankets, bed clothing, or fabric of any kind whatsoever; collecting, sale, resale, Over 40 to 45 a week. or distribution at retail or wholesale of laundry Over 45.41 service; the producing of laundry service for their own use by business establishments, clubs, or institutions; all processes directly concerned with the cleansing, collection, and distribution of laundry wares. Exceptions: Plant maintenance, office work. No. 2____.................... Cleaning and dyeing, i. e., cleaning, dyeing, Women and minors: 35 cents an hour; $16.80 a week.. 48 a week. Store clerks........... pressing, or processing incidental thereto, for Directory, Sept. Over 48 a week.41 52 Yi cents an hour (l^j times compensation, of clothing (including hats), 10, 1934. minimum). household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, Mandatory, Jan. 35 cents an hour; $14 a week___ 40 a week. leather, or fabric of any kind whatsoever; col All other. 7, 1935. 52Mj cents an hour (ljri times Over 40 a week.41 lecting, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or minimum). wholesale of cleaning, dyeing, and pressing service by cleaning, dyeing, pressing establish ments, laundries, department stores, hotels, or by any other type of establishment or institu tion; all processes directly concerned with the cleaning, dyeing, pressing, soliciting, collec tion, and distribution of dry-cleaning wares, Exceptions: Plant maintenance, office work. 39 Legal maximum hours. 40 Legal maximum hours 8H a day, 48 a week, in towns of 500 population and over; in telephone exchanges elsewhere, maximum hours a day and days a month to be fixed by agreement between employer and employee. ...... 41 Legal maximum hours for females over 16 and boys between 16 and 18,8 a day, 48 a week. For females 16 and over in laundry and dry-cleaning plants, 9 hours a day, 50 a week allowed during weeks that include certain holidays. For mercantile establishments, 10 hours may be worked on Saturday and on days preceding certain holidays, and 10 hours a day, 50 a week, during 1 week in the first half of the year and 2 weeks in the second half; the law allows complete exemption for women over 21 in towns of under 5,000 population. No. 1—..................... Directory, Mar. 26, 1934. Mandatory, July 26, 1934. to CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Hotel and restaurant, i. e., all restaurants, li censed or unlicensed, operated as the principal business of the employer or as a unit of another business; restaurants operated by governmen tal subdivisions, including boards of educa tion, wherein food in liquid or solid form is prepared and served: catering and banquet, tial, or apartment hotels, apartment bouses, tourist homes, and tourist cabin reservations that offer lodging or living accommodations; boarding houses, serving 1 meal or more a day; rooming houses; hospitals and institutions, un less exempted by special permit. Exceptions: Inmates of institutions; members of religious organizations who receive no compensation; women taking a course of training for house work, or preparing and serving food, in train ing establishments. Class of employees covered Service, i. e., employees who serve food at counters or food or bever ages at tables; duties incidental thereto; bellboys; page boys: Cities of 100,000 population or over: Cities of 5,000 and under 100,000 population: Minimum-wage rates 15.62 cents an hour; $7.50 a week.. 14.58 cents an hour; $7 a week___ Cities under 5,000 population: Nonservice: Cities of 100,000 population or over: 48 a week.41 First 25 a week. 21.875 cents an hour; $10.50 a week. 21.875 cents an hour. Cities of 5,000 and under 100,00Upopulation: Cities under 5,000 population: Full-time41___ Service and nonservice (if meals not furnished). Resident, i. e., employees living on employer’s premises and receiv ing full maintenance. Hours _ First 25 a week. 26 to 48 a week. 18.75 cents an hour; $9 a week___ 48 a week.41 16.66 cents an hour; $8 a week___ 6.25 cents an hour more than above rates. 48 a week.41 STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Ohio—Continued. No. 3 Directory, July 1, 1936. Mandatory, Mar. 30, 1937. Occupation or industry covered L? 30 cents an nour; $14.40 a week.. 9 a day, 48 a week. 30 cents an hour; $16.20 a week.. 10 a day, 54 a week. 25 cents an hour; $12 a week----- 9 a day, 48 a week. 25 cents an hour; $13.50 a week.. 10 a day, 54 a week. 20 cents an hour; $9.60 a week... 9 a day, 48 a week. 20 cents an hour; $10.80 a week.. 10 a day, 54 a week. 30 cents an hour; $14.40 a week.. 9 a day, 48 a week. 36 cents an hour; $19.44 a week... 10 a day, 54 a week. 27jr<j cents an hour; $13.20 a week. 9 a day, 48 a week. 30 cents an hour; $16.20 a week.. 10 a day, 54 a week. 25 cents an hour; $12 a week___ 9 a day, 48 a week. 25 cents an hour; $13.50 a week.. 10 a day, 54 a week. $15 a week. $18 a week. 9 a day, 48 a week. 9 a day (12 on 1 day a week), 54 a week. $12 a week. $16 a week. 9 a day, 48 a week. 10 a day (12 on 1 day a week), 57 a week. 9 a day, 51 a week. 10 a day (12 on 1 day a week), 59 a week. 41 Legal maximum hours for females over 16 and boys between 16 and 18, 8 a day, 48 a week. For females 16 and over in laundry and dry-cleaning plants, 9 hours a day, 50 a week allowed during weeks that include certain holidays. For mercantile establishments, 10 hours may be worked on Saturday and on days preceding certain holidays, and 10 hours a day, 50 a week, during 1 week in the first half of the year and 2 weeks in the second half; the law allows complete exemption for women over 21 in towns of under 5,000 population. . , . . 4a Employer shall stipulate, at time of hiring or at beginning of workweek in case of change of status, whether worker is full-time or part-time, l. e., employed on basis of 48 hours or of less than 48 hours a week. 43 Restraining order has prevented enforcement. _» 44 Class A.—Cities and towns of 40,000 or more population and contiguous territory within 2 miles thereof, more or less, within the discretion of the commission. L lass B. Cities and towns of not less than 10,000 nor more than 40,000 population and contiguous territory within 1 mile thereof, more or less, within the discretion of the commission. Class C.—Cities and towns of less than 10,000 population and all unallocated territory outside thereof, within the discretion of the commission. $11 a week. $13 a week. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Oklahoma: No. 1, May 1, 1938 43_. Laundry, i. e., washing, ironing, or processing Class A: 44 Females. incidental thereto, for compensation, of cloth ing, napery, blankets, bed clothing, or fabrics Males.. _ of any kind whatsoever in private plants where Class B:44 labor is employed; laundry service for their Females. own use by business establishments, clubs, Males... hotels, hospitals, or institutions. Exceptions: Class C:44 Eleemosynary institutions, benevolent organ Females. izations or institutions organized and sup Males... ported wholly on a nonprofit basis, and Statesupported institutions; plant maintenance men; drivers; office workers; a plant foreman and superintendent in plants having more than 5 employees. Laundry occupation, i. e., all processes directly concerned with the cleansing, ironing, pressing, or finishing of laundry wares. No. 2, May 1,1938 43 __ Cleaning and dyeing, i.e., any place or vehicle Class A:44 Females. where the service of dry cleaning, wet cleaning, each a process incidental to dry cleaning, spot Males__ ting, or finishing any fabric that is rendered for Class B:44 hire or sold, resold, or offered for sale or resale. Females. Exceptions: Plant maintenance men; drivers; Males— office workers; delivery men; a plant foreman Class C:44 Females. and superintendent in plants having more than 5 employees; plants manufacturing fab Males__ rics. Fabric, i. e., any article of wearing ap parel including hats, household furnishings, rugs, textiles, furs, and leather. No. 3, May 1,1938 Retail mercantile, i. e., selling of merchandise to Class A:44 Females. the consumer and not for the purpose of resale Males... in any form; servicing, purchase, or sale of any goods, wares, or merchandise; includes the sales, wrapping, auditing, or checking force, Class B:44 Females. shippers in the mail-order department, and Males... outside delivery men. Exceptions: Office em ployees; janitors. Class C:44 Females. Males... to Ox ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Occupation or industry covered No. 6, May 1, 1938 No. 7, May 1, 1938 No. 8, May 1, 1938 Office building, i. e., elevator operators, janitors, janitresses, maids, and charwomen in any building used for office purposes. Wholesaling and distributing____ ___________ Automotive, i. e., retailing new or used motor vehicles and servicing or repairing them, in cluding the sale and/or installation of new or used parts or accessories; garages, storage and parking, including washing, other cleaning, lubricating, repairing, towing, and driving of customers’ cars; filling stations (any place whose principal business is selling at retail gasoline, oils, greases, lubricants, and other petroleum products, automobile equipment, supplies and accessories). Class A:44 Females. Males. __ Class B:44 Females. Males... Class C:44 Females. Males, __ Class A:44 Females_______ Males________ Class B:44 Females_______ Males________ Class C:44 Females_______ Males________ Class A:44 Females_______ Males________ Class B:44 Females_______ Males________ Class C:44 Females.............. Males_________ Males and females. Class A:44 Females_______ Males________ Class B:44 Females---------Males____ ____ Class C:44 Females---------Males________ Minimum-wage rates Hours $15 a week $20 a week 8 a day, 48 a week. 9 a day, 54 a week. $15 a week_________________ $20 a week 8 a day, 48 a week. 10 a day, 56 a week. $13 a week $18 a week................ ................. 8 a day, 48 a week. 10 a day, 58 a week. (Deductions allowed for meals.) $10 a week $19 a week...___ ___________ 8 a day, 48 a week. 9 a day, 54 a week. $9 a week _ $17 a week 8 a day, 48 a week. 10 a day, 57 a week. $8 a week $15 a week--------------------------- 8 a day, 48 a week. 10 a day, 59 a week. $15 a week__ _______________ $15 a week--------------------------- 8 a day, 48 a week. 8 a day, 48 a week. $12.50 a week 8 a day, 48 a week. $14 a week................ ................. . 9 a day, 54 a week. $12 a week........ ........................... $13 a week $18 a week S a day, 48 a week. 9 a day, 54 a week. 9 a day, 48 a week. $18 a week $18 a week 9 a day, 48 a week. 9 a day, 54 a week. $16 a week--------------------------- 9 a day, 48 a week. $16 a week_________________ _ 10 a day, 57 a week. $14 a week $14 a week_______________ 9 a day, 48 a week. 10 a day, 59 a week. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Oklahoma—Continued. No. 4, May 1, 1938 Restaurant, i. e., any establishment that pre pares and offers for sale for profit, food for con sumption, either on any of its premises, or by catering, banquet, box lunch, or curb service. Food, i. e., nutritive material intended for human consumption, in solid or liquid form, whether cooked or uncooked, or otherwise pre pared. Exceptions: Medicinal or quasi-medicinal preparations, fountain products such as carbonated and aerated drinks, ice cream and its derivatives, bottled beverages and drinks. No. 5, May 1,1938 Hotel, i. e., businesses that extend lodging to the general public for profit and that have 10 or more guest rooms. Class of employees covered to cs No. 9, May 1, 1938 Oregon: Sept. 14, 1937. Retail drug, i. e., selling to the consumer and not for resale in any form of drugs, medicines, and poisons required to be compounded or pre pared on the premises or to be sold by a regis tered pharmacist. Registered pharmacists (men and women): Class A44................................. ........... Class B44 Class C 44________ __________ $32 a week $28 a week $25 a week. 10 a day, 57 a week. 10 a day, 58 a week. 11 a day, 62 a week. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Mercantile, i. e., work in establishments oper Women: ated for the purpose of trade in the purchase or Experienced...................................... 30 cents an hour.-. 8 a day, 44 a week.4® sale of goods or merchandise, including the Inexperienced (less than 6months)... 2734 cents an hour. Do.« sales force, wrapping, auditing, or check inJunior employees (under 18 years) 27cents an hour. Do. pection force, shoppers in mail-order depart ment, the receiving and shipping department, marking and stockroom employees, sheetmusic saleswomen, altering and tailoring de partment, soda-fountain and lunchroom em ployees, demonstrators, models for fashions, counter cashiers, elevator operators and start ers. Sept. 14, 1937. Laundry, cleaning and dyeing, i. e., all places Women. 30 cents an hour____ 8 a day, 44 a week.4® where 2 or more persons are engaged in wash 1J4 times regular rate. Over 8 to 9 a day, over 44 a ing, cleaning, or dyeing clothing, washable and week. cleanable materials, directly or indirectly con nected with such place of business; all work in the process of receiving, marking, washing, cleaning, dyeing, ironing, and distribution of washable and cleanable materials. Sept. 14, 1937. Needlecraft, i. e., designing, cutting, stitching, Women: weaving, inspecting, knitting, hemstitching, Experienced. 30 cents an hour. 8 a day, 44 a week; 9 a day, altering, sorting of rags or materials, etc., 48 a week for 2 periods a whether by hand or by machine, of materials year, 6 weeks each.46 for clothing, wearing apparel, upholstering, Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27J4 cents an hour. Do.4® tents, awnings, draperies, and bags. each). Sept. 14, 1937. Manufacturing, i. e., all processes of manufac Women: ture and production of commodities, including Experienced... 30 cents an hour_______ 8 a day, 44 a week.4® photographing, creamery products, bakery Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27}4 cents an hour. Do.4® products, canning of meat, poultry, and fish> each). the process of preparing meat and poultry for market, nut cracking and sorting, and all other processes in the production of commodities not covered by any other special order. 43 Restraining order has prevented enforcement. 44 Class A.—Cities and towns of 40,000 or more population and contiguous territory within 2 miles thereof, more or less, within the discretion of the commission. Class B—Cities and towns of not less than 10,000 nor more than 40,000 population and contiguous territory within 1 mile thereof, more or less, within the discretion of the commission Class C — Cities and towns of less than 10,000 population and all unallocated territory outside thereof, within the discretion of the commission. 4® Special regulations, effective Sept. 14, 1937, and general in their application, provide that in case of business emergency the State welfare commission, upon application and showing, may issue a special license for the employment of adult women beyond the regular legal hours if time and one-half the regular rate is paid. to ^1 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Sept. 14, 1937. Sept. 14,1937- Sept. 14, 1937. Sept. 14, 1937. Oct. 6, 1937. Jan. 30, 1938. Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Personal service, i. e., work of manicurists, Women: 8 a day, 44 a week.*6 Experienced_______________ ____ 30 cents an hour_______ beauty-parlor operators, masseuses, assistants Do.« Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27]/2 cents an hour. in doctors’ and dentists’ offices and in labora each). tories, demonstrators of products, cashiers and ushers in theaters and places of amusement, assistants in broadcasting and radio service, matrons in public buildings or institutions, elevator operators and starters, janitresses and railroad car cleaners and work of like nature. Telephone and telegraph. Exception: Rural Women: Do.*6 Experienced.......... .............................. 30 cents an hour_______ telephone establishment not demanding unin Do.*6 Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27H cents an hour terrupted attention of operator may be granted each). a license by the commission for different wages and daily hours. Office, i. e., work of stenographers, bookkeepers, Women: Do.*6 Experienced------------------------------ 35 cents an hour_______ typists, billing clerks, filing clerks, cashiers, Do.*6 Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27^6 cents an hour checkers, invoicers, comptometer operators, each). auditors, library attendants, and all kinds of clerical work. Public housekeeping, i. e., work of waitresses, Women: Do.*6 Experienced_______________ ____ 30 cents an hour_______ cooks, kitchen helpers, chambermaids, janDo.*6 Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27Yi cents an hour tresses, elevator operators, and general attend each). ants in hotels, restaurants, boarding houses, dormitories at institutions of learning, hos pitals, sanitariums, cafeterias, light-lunch stands, retail candy, ice-cream and soft-drink parlors, delicatessens, and beer parlors. Any occupation................... ......................... ......... Minors under 18: Do.*6 20 cents an hour--------- ----------14 years_______ Do.*6 25 cents an hour-------------------15 years______ Do.*6 Apprentice rates fixed for spe 16-17 years....... . cific occupation. Women: Cherry stemming and pitting. Do.*6 32^ cents an hour.. Experienced___________ Inexperienced (96 hours): Do.*6 22H cents an hour—----- ------Time workers....... ........ Do.*6 Same rate per pound as experi Piece workers....... ........ enced workers. Women: Beauty parlor or barber shop.. 10 a day, 44 a week.*6 30 cents an hour-----------Experienced Do.*6 Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27Yi cents an hour. each). STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Oregon—Continued. Sept. 14, 1937____ Occupation or industry covered to GO Hospitals, i. e., cooks, waitresses, kitchen help ers, janitresses, or general charwomen in hos pitals. Exceptions: Graduate nurses, dieti tians, laboratory workers; student nurses if their work is confined to service to patients or to work in the classroom. May 1, 1938. Fruit and vegetable packing, drying, preserv ing, or canning. Exception: Office force. Aug. 21, 1938. Fruit and vegetable packing. Exception: Office force. Nov. 16, 1938. Nut processing, bleaching, grading, or packing plants. Pennsylvania: No. 1 Directory, Oct. 1, 1938. Women: Experienced. 30 cents an hour. Inexperienced (3 periods, 4 months 22, 25, 27H cents an hour. each). Females..... ........................................... . 35 cents an hour............ . Time and one-half_____ Double time..... ........... Time and one-quarter... Time and one-half_____ Males. _. Females, Double time________ 45 cents an hour_____ 35 cents an hour......... Time and one-half___ Double time________ Time and one-quarter. Time and one-half___ Double time............... Women and minors: Cracking and shelling nuts------------ 30 cents an hour____ \Yi times regular rate. Processing, bleaching, grading, and 30 cents an hour____ packing nuts. I times regular rate. 9 a day, 44 a week with 36hour rest period following; or 7 a day, 44 a week, if on duty 7 days a week.46 Do.46 10 a day.4* Over 10 to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Seventh day, first 8 hours. Seventh day, over 8 to 12 a day. Seventh day, over 12 a day. (46). 10 a day.46 Over 10 to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. Seventh day, first 8 hours. Seventh day, over 8 to 12 a day. Seventh day, over 12 a day. 8 a day, 44 a week.46 Over 8 a day, 44 a week. 10 a day, 60 a week.46 Over 10 a day, 60 a week. Over 16 to 30 a week. Laundry, i. e., all occupations concerned with Women and minors. $9 a week______ Over 30 to 44 a week.47 cleaning, finishing, collection, and distribution 30 cents an hour. of laundry wares, including plant maintenance, 16 a week or less. 33 cents an hour. office workers, and store clerks; washing, iron ing, or processing incidental thereto, for com pensation, of clothing, napery, blankets, bed clothing, or fabric of any kind; collection, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale of laundry services; producing of laundry services for their own use by business establishments, clubs, or institutions. Laundry establishment, i e., any place in which an employee is engaged in any phase of the laundry trade. 45 Special regulations, effective Sept. 14, 1937, and general in their application, provide that in case of business emergency the State welfare commission, upon application and showing, may issue a special license for the employment of adult women beyond the regular legal hours if time and one-half the regular rate is paid. 46 Legal maximum hours for minors under 18, 8 a day, 44 a week. 47 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 44 a week, for females and for children under 18, but department of labor and industry may allow variations for females IS and over. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Mar. 15, 1938. fcO O 00 o ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Rhode Island: Industrial occupations, commercial or publicservice undertakings. Exceptions: Agriculture and agricultural industries. Class of employees covered Females (after 3 weeks): Jewelry, i. e., jewelry of any material commonly or commercially so known and articles of orna ment or adornment, except clothing, of any material intended to be worn on apparel or carried or worn on or about the person and shall include parts of these articles. All occupations that have any part in the mak ing, processing, or production of jewelry, in cluding tool making, hub and die cutting, card ing, boxing, and other preparations for ship ment or sale, including office workers and errand boys. No. 2____ _____ Wearing apparel and allied industries, i. e., gar Women and minors: Experienced: ments or garment accessories to be worn on or Directory, Oct. 18, about the person, including parts of such ar 1937. ticles, their repair and alteration, and occupa Mandatory, Apr. 25, Inexperienced: tions allied through like processes of manufac 1938. ture. Manufacture, repair, alteration of cot ton, rayon, silk, woolen, elastic, and rubber garments, knit goods, men’s coats and suits, raincoats, leather, rubber and fabric shoes, handkerchiefs, handbags, hats and hat linings; upholstering; curtain, rug, pillow and mattress manufacture. Laundry and dry cleansing occupations, includ ing helpers, employees of contractors, office Directory, May 2, workers, errand boys or girls, and casual em 1938. Mandatory, Sept. ployees. . Laundry, i. e., any activity concerned with the 12, 1938. washing, ironing, or processing incidental thereto of any fabric or laundry wares; collec tion, distribution, or sale of laundry service; producing or rendering of such activity or serv ice by the employer upon his own behalf or for others, more specifically by hotels, overnight camps, clubs, business establishments, fac tories, bakeries, and other like establishments. Exceptions: Wards or charges of any charitable organization. Minimum-wage rates Hours 8 a day (9 if double time is paid), 48 a week.48 Do.48 9 a day, 48 a week.5# Directory, Mar. 1, 1937. Mandatory, Aug. 1, 1937. Do.50 Do.50 Do.60 Do.40 Do.50 STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Puerto Rico: Sept. 7, 1919 (Wage fixed in law).48 Occupation or industry covered Utah: # wage board, Oct. 16, 1937. wage board, Jan. 14,1938. Recommendations of wage board, Mar. 17,1938. wage board, Apr. 12, 1938. Factory, workshop, mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, restaurant, or packing house. Experienced women and girls over 14 years, 10 a day, 54 a week.42 7 a day (7& on 1 day), 42H a week. Over 42H a week.54 . Less than 42H a week. consumer, not for purpose of resale in any form within the State. Exception: Educational in stitutions offering merchandise for sale on premises for accommodation of students. 8 a day, 44 a week. Over 44 a week.54 of materials and products including candy, clothing, foods (including poultry products, dairy products), cosmetics and boxes; milli nery, bookbinding, job press feeding estab lishments. ages in solid or liquid form. Laundry, i.e., any place where washing, ironing, cleaning, pressing, or processing incidental thereto, of any kind of washable fabric is con ducted, including laundry departments in hotels, hospitals, factories, and other places. Part-time (less than standard day or week). Women and minors 31 Vi cents an hour .. 33 cents an hour____ pressing, or processing incidental thereto, for compensation, of wearing apparel, household furnishings, rugs, textiles, fur, leather, or fabric of any kind; collection, sale, resale, or distribution at retail or wholesale by cleaning, dyeing, and pressing establishments, laun dries, department stores, hotels or by any other type of establishment. 43 Session Laws 1919, Act. 45. 48 Legal maximum hours, except for telephone and telegraph operators, artists, nurses, and domestics. 40 Legal maximum hours for women and minors 16 and under 18. Session laws, 1923, ch. 309. 42 Legal maximum hours. m Restraining order has prevented enforcement. (Wage order held void by State Supreme Court, Dec. 14, 1938.) 64 Legal maximum hours 8 a day, 48 a week, for women; 8 a day, 44 a week, for children under 18. 7H a day, 45 a week. First 2 hours. After first 2 hours. 8 a day, 45 a week. Over 45 to 48 a week.44 ____ .. Less than 24 a week. 8 a day, 48 a week.44 Less than 8 a day. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS South Dakota: July 1, 1923. (Wage fixed in law.) 51 Dry cleansing, i. e., any activity concernedwith the cleaning, refreshing or restoration of any fabric and/or of any article of wearing apparel, including pressing or other work incidental thereto or performed in connection therewith; collection, distribution, or sale of dry-cleaning service; producing or rendering of such activity or service by the employer upon his own behalf or for others, more specifically by hotels, clubs, and like business establishments. CO CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Washington: No. 24 (Minors). Oct. 4, 1921. Occupation or industry covered Class of employees covered Minimum-wage rates Hours Beauty culture, i. e., all processes concerned with shampooing, waving, or straightening hair, scalp or facial treatments; eyebrow shap ing; eyelash and eyebrow dyeing; manicuring and hand and arm massage; hair cutting or trimming; hair tinting and bleaching; removal of superflous hair, warts, or moles by use of an electric needle; demonstrating the use of cos metics, supplies, and equipment. Women and minors (including desk appointment girls and all other). $16.50 a week..______ ________ Time and one-half 37H cents an hour __________ 8 a day, 44 a week. Over 44 a week. Less than 8 a day, or 44 a week. Public housekeeping, i. e., work of linen-room girls, chambermaids, cleaners, kitchen girls, dishwashers, pantry girls, pantry servers, waitresses, counter girls, bus girls, elevator operators, janitresses, laundry workers (ex cept commercial laundry), and any other occu pation properly classified under public house keeping. Establishments include hotels, rooming houses, boarding houses, restaurants, cafes, cafeterias, lunch rooms, tea rooms, apart ment houses, hospitals (not nurses), philan thropic institutions, and any other properly classified under this industry. 48 a week (6 days.)63 $2.50 a day...................... ............ 8 a day, 1 or more days a week.56 35 cents an hour.................... ...... Less than 8 a day. Minors under 18 years__ __________ $12 a week________________ _ 8 a day, 6 days a week.56 $1 a week increase until adult Each 4 months minimum of $14.50 is reached. No. 25, Dec. 14,1921. _ No. 27, Dec. 14, 1921.. Telephone or telegraph or other public occupation other than public housekeeping, laundry, dry-cleaning and dye works, mercantile, and manufacturing. No. 28, Dec. 31,1921.. No. 29, Jan. 22, 1922.. Manufacturing_________ ____ _______ _____ (Deductions allowed for meals or lodging.) Women over 18 years (other than apprentices). Women: Experienced, i. e., having served an apprenticeship at plant where em ployed, or an apprenticeship and 3 months at particular work at which an apprentice. Inexperienced: Optional schedules: (A) 4 periods, 3 months each___ (B) 4 periods, 2 months each___ (C) 4 periods, 6 weeks each____ (D) 4 periods, 1 month each___ (E) 4 periods, 1 week each-------Piece workers, after 60 days at prevailing piece rates. Do. •* $13.20 a week... -------------------- 6 days a week.55 $13.20 a week Do.55 $13.20 a week------------------------- 8 a day, 6 days a week.** $9, $10, $11, $12 a week........ ....... $9, $10, $11, $12 a week $9, $10, $11, $12 a week $9, $10, $11, $12 a week___ ____ $9, $10, $11, $12 a week $9................................................... Do.55 Do.55 Do.55 Do.55 Do.66 Do.66 STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Utah—Continued. Recommendations of wage board, June 15, 1938. to No. 31, Oct. 27, 1922. No. 34, May 6, 1937... Cannery (fruit, vegetable, fish, shell fish, dog foods ,or any other products preserved for food purposes). No. 35, Sept. 7, 1937.. Beauty culture, i. e., hairdressing, manicuring, hair manufacturing, massage, marcel waving, permanent waving, cosmetology, haircutting, and other work performed in beauty parlors and similar establishments. No. S6, Dec. 7, 1937... Wisconsin: No. 1, June 10,1932. Any occupation, trade or industry minimum of $13.20 is reached. Women and minors: Do.6® Do.5® 10 a day. Inexperienced: Do. Do. Over 10 to 12 a day. Over 12 a day. 7th day, first 8 hours. 7th day, over 8 to 12. 7th day, over 12. 37cents an hour. Regular week, i. e., not more than 48 a week. Full week. Less than 48 a week. Women and minors: 17 years and over: Experienced: i Inexperienced (2 periods, 3 months each). 16 and under 17 years:6* Women: In general, 9 a day, 50 a week; hotels, 10 a day, 55 a week. Minors under 18, 8 a day, 40 a week.57 Do.57 Do.57 8 a day, 40 a week. Do. Inexperienced (6 months or part of season). 11 Legal maximum hours. 55 Legal maximum h ours 8 a day in any mechanical or mercantile establishment, laundry, hotel, or restaurant. 57 Legal maximum hours, but under the 9-50 hour provision woman may be employed 10 hours a day during emergency periods not exceeding 4 weeks a year, if time and a half is paid and weekly hours dlo not exceed 55. 58 Minors producing the same output as employees in a higher wage classification must be paid the minimum rate for such class. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS No. 32, Oct. 1, 1934.. Mercantile, manufacturing, printing, launder ing, or dye-works establishment, sign-painting, machine or repair shop, or parcel-delivery service or any other industry than public housekeeping; as stenographer, bookkeeper, typist, billing clerk, filing clerk, cashier, checker, invoicer, comptometer operator, or any clerical office work whatsoever, including assistants and helpers in doctors’ and dentists’ offices; any other occupation, trade, or indus try. Exception: Telephone or telegraph mes sengers in rural communities and cities of less than 3,000 population who are not continu ously employed and who are paid piece rates. Fresh-fruit packing, vegetable packing and dried-fruit industries. co CO CO ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE ORDERS—Continued State, order, and effec tive date Occupation or industry covered Minimum-wage rates Women and minors—Continued. 14 to 15 years:58 8 a day, 40 a week. Do. Inexperienced (1 year or season)... Domestic servants: Special orders, season 1938. Pea canning; bean, cherry, corn, spinach, straw berry, and tomato canning. (Deductions allowed for meals or lodging.) Women and minors: 17 years and over: Experienced: Inexperienced (1 season or part of a season in the industry). Women 18 years and over: Minors: 16 and under 17: 58 Minors producing the same output as employees in a higher wage classification must be paid the minimum rate for such class. Hours 50 a week or more. Do. Less than 50 a week. Women and minors: 9 a day, 54 a week during season. Exceptions for women over 18, 8 emergency days 11 hours each in pea canning, 10 in all other; 60 a week. Before and after season, 9 a day, 50 a week for women over 18; 8 a day, 40 a week for minors under 18. Over 9 to 11 a day—pea can ning; over 9 to 10—all other canning. (See above.) 9 a day, 54 a week during season; after season 8 a day, 40 a week. Do. STATE M INIM UM -W AGE LAWS AND ORDERS Wisconsin—Contd. No. 1, June 10, 1932... Any occupation, trade or industry Class of employees covered ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS State Arizona: Revised code 1928, sec. 1391; session laws 1937 (2d special session), ch. 20. Arkansas: Digest of the statutes (Crawford and Moses) 1921, secs. 7108, 7111-7114; sup plement 1927, secs. 7109-7110; session laws 1935, ch. 150; 1937, ch. 83. California: Deering’s Labor Code 1937, secs. 61, 70-73, 1171-1203. Colorado: Statutes 1935, ch. 97, secs. 5, 236-256; ses sion laws 1937, ch. 189. Connecticut: Cumulative supple ment to general stat utes 1931-35, pp. 374 381, secs. 910c-923c; 1937 supplement, p. 286, sec. 577d. District of Columbia: U. S. Statutes at Large 1917-19, vol. 40, pt. 1, pp. 960-964; Public, No. 654, 1938. Basis of wage rates Occupations or industries covered by law Employees covered by law Exceptions Commission appoints wage board of 3 representa Noncomplience with manda tives each of employers and employees and 1 tory order a misdemeanor industrial commissioner to be designated chair punishable by fine or impris man. After studying evidence and testimony of onment or both. Employee witnesses board must, within 10 days after its may recover back wages, costs, organization, submit a report recommending and attorney’s fees. minimum fair wage standards. W ithin 10 days, commission must accept or reject this report. If accepted, commission issues a directory order. After 60 days, if no appeal has been taken, the order becomes mandatory. Wage sufficient to meet cost of living necessary for health and fairly and reasonably com mensurate with value of serv ice or class of service rendered. In determining minimum fair wage, the commission or wage board shall consider the mini mum cost of living, and wages paid in State for like or com parable work by employers voluntarily maintaining mini mum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any class of work in any industry, trade, business, or branch thereof. Exceptions: Domestic service in the home of the employer; agricultural labor. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Investigation at discretion of commission to deter mine necessity of raising or lowering the mini mum wage set by law. Minimum wage set by law but commission has power to raise or lower such wage in any occupa tion, trade, or industry after investigating and holding public hearings. Commission has power, after public hearing, to establish regulations for hotels and restaurants provided the wage rate is not lower than will supply the cost of proper living and safeguard health and welfare, and provided also that it shall not exceed the rate established by law. Noncompliance punishable by fine. Wage adequate to supply neces sary cost of proper living and to maintain health and wel fare. Manufacturing, mechanical, or mercantile establishment, laundry, express or transpor tation company, hotel, res taurant, eating place, bank, building and loan association, insurance company, finance or credit business; company sup plying electricity or water; work In elevators. Exceptions: Cotton factories; gathering of fruits or farm products; rail road companies whose hours are regulated by Federal laws. Females.. Industrial welfare commission through division of industrial welfare in department of indus trial relations. (Industrial wel fare commission is composed of 5 persons, at least 1 of whom shall be a woman, appointed by the governor for terms of 4 years.) Investigation at discretion cf commission to as certain whether wages paid are inadequate to supply the cost of proper living. Investigation conducted by examining books, papers, pay rolls, records, and witnesses and by holding public hearings at which employers, employees, and other interested persons may testify. If convinced of need commission shall call a wage board. Commission calls wage board composed of an equal number of representatives of employers and employees in an industry with a representa tive of the commission as chairman. After studying the evidence, the board recommends minimum-wage rates to the commission, which, after a public bearing, fixes the minimum rates for the industry and issues a mandatory order. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or impris onment or both. Employee may recover back wages and costs. Any occupation, trade, or in dustry. Women; minors (girls under 21, boys under 18 years of age). Any woman physically defective by age or otherwise may be granted license fixing a lower wage. License must be renewed every 6 months. Apprentice or learner: Special wage for fixed period. Industrial commission. (Com mission is composed of 3 mem bers appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for terms of 6 years. Not more than 1 member may represent employees, nor more than 1 employers.) Investigation at request of not less than 25 persons engaged in occupation or at discretion of com mission if there is reason to believe that substan tial number of employees are paid wages inade quate to supply necessary cost of living and maintain health. Investigation conducted by examining books, payrolls, papers, other records, and witnesses, and by public hearings at which employers, employees, or other interested per sons may testify. If convinced of need com mission either fixes minimum-wage rates or appoints a wage board. Commission sets minimum wage for occupation and issues mandatory order; or commission establishes a wage board composed of not more than 3 representatives of employers, an equal number of representatives of employees and of the public, and, if it so desires, a representative of the commission. The representatives of the employers and the employees to be elected by their respective groups; at least 1 member of every group to be a woman. The wage board investigates the occupation and reports to the commission a minimum wage, which the com mission may accept or reject. After acceptance and a public hearing, commission issues man datory order. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or imprison ment or both. Employee may recover back wages and costs. Wage sufficient for living wage. Wage fair and reasonable, and consistent with maintenance of health and morals. Suit able wage for minors. Any occupation, i. e., any and every vocation, trade, pursuit, or industry. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 18 years of age). In an occupation in which only time rates are established, a woman physically defective or crippled by age or otherwise or less efficient than a woman worker of ordinary ability may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum. Number so licensed must not exceed Ho of the total number of workers in an establishment. Commissioner of labor and factory inspection or director of mini mum-wage division which may be set up in the department of labor. Investigation at discretion of commissioner, or on petition of 50 or more residents of the State, to ascertain whether substantial number of women or minors in an occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of services rendered and less than sufficient to meet minimum cost of living necessary for health. Investigation conducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need commissioner shall appoint a wage board. Commissioner appoints wage board composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, and not more than 3 of the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman. After study ing evidence and testimony of witnesses, board must, within 60 days of its organization, submit a report, recommending minimum fair wage standards. Commissioner, within 10 days, must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and public hearing held. After final approval of wage-board re port, commissioner issues a directory order. After 3 months and following a public hearing, commissioner may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of em ployers not complying with directory order. Noncompliance with mandatory order punishable by fine or imprisonment or both. Em ployee may recover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. Wage fairly and reasonably com mensurate with value of serv ice or class of service rendered. In determining minimum fair wage commissioner and wage board may consider wages paid in State for like or com parable work by employers voluntarily maintaining mini mum fair wage standards. Any sweatshop occupation, i. e., an industry, trade, business, or occupation paying an un fair and oppressive wage. Ex ceptions: Domestic service in the home of the employer; labor on a farm. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Minimum-wage board. (Board is composed of 3 members ap pointed by the District com missioners for terms of 3 years, 1 member each to represent em ployers, employees, and the public.) Investigation at discretion of board to ascertain whether substantial number of women in an occupation are paid wages inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living and maintain health and morals. Investigation conducted by exam ining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers and witnesses and by public hear ings at which any interested person may testify. If convinced of need, board may convene a conference. Board appoints wage conference composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, not more than 3 of the public, and 1 or more members of the board. After investigation the conference submits a report, recommending minimumwage standards, which the board may approve or disapprove. If approved, report must be pub lished and public nearing held. After final approval of conference report, minimum-wage board issues mandatory order. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, Wage adequate to supply neces punishable by fine or imprison sary cost of living to women ment or both. Employee and to maintain them in health and protect their may recover back wages and morals. Wage not unreason attorney’s fees. ably low for minors. Any occupation, i. e., any busi ness, industry, trade, or branch thereof. Exception: Domestic service. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 18 years of age). In an occupation in which only time rates are established, a woman whose earning capacity has been impaired by age or otherwise may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum. Learner or apprentice for fixed period. Authority empowered to administer law Procedure preliminary to setting wage rates Industrial commission. (Com mission is composed of 3 mem bers appointed by the governor, with the advice of the senate, for terms of 6 years.) Investigation at discretion cf commission, or on petition of 20 or more residents of the State engaged in any particular occupation, to ascer tain whether substantial number of women or minors in that occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of service rendered and less than sufficient to meet minimum cost of living neces sary for health. Investigation conducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need on basis of information in its possession, commis sion shall appoint a wage board without special investigation. Industrial welfare commission. (Commission is composed of the commissioner of labor and statis tics as chairman and 2 men and 2 women; 1 man and 1 woman appointed by the governor, the ethers by the commissioner of labor, and 1 man and 1 woman to represent employers, the other man and woman to represent employees. All mem bers appointed for terms of 2 years.) Procedure for setting wage rates Means provided for securing enforcement .do.. 116196°—39 (Face p. 34) No. 1 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS—Continued State Illinois: Revised statues (Cahill) 1935, ch. 48, secs. 238-256. Kansas: General statutes 1935, secs. 44-60la, 44-637, 44-639 to 44-650, 74 704. Kentucky: Session laws 1938, ch. 105. Louisiana: Session laws 1938, Act 362. Massachusetts: Session laws 1937, ch. 401; 1938, ch. 237. Procedure preliminary to setting wage rates Procedure for setting wage rates Means provided for securing enforcement Basis of wage rates Occupations or industries covered by law Employees covered by law Exceptions Department of labor. Investigation at discretion of department, or on petition of 50 or more residents of any county, to ascertain whether substantial number of women or minors in an occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of services ren dered and less than sufficient to meet minimum cost of living necessary for health. Investiga tion conducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need, on basis of information in possession of department, director shall appoint a wage board without special investigation. Director appoints wage board composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 2^ of employers and employees, and 1 repre sentative of the public to be designated chair man. After studying evidence and testimony of witnesses, board must, within 60 days of its organization, submit a report recommending minimum fair wage standards. Within 10 days, department must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and public hearing held. After final approval of wage-board report, department issues a directory order. After 9 months, and following a public hearing, department may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of em ployers not complying with directory order. Noncompliance with mandatory order a misdemeanor punish able by fine or imprisonment or both. Employee may re cover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. Wage fairly and reasonably commensurate with value of service or class of service rendered. In determining minimupi fair wage, depart ment and wage board may consider wages paid in State for like or comparable work by employers voluntarily maintaining minimum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any in dustry, trade or business, or branch thereof or class of work therein. Exceptions: Domestic service in the home of the employer; labor on a farm. Women; minors (females under 18 and males un der 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Commission of labor and industry. (Commission is composed of 3 members appointed by the governor, by and with the con sent of the senate, for terms of 4 years.) Investigation at discretion of commission to ascer tain whether substantial number of women and minors in an occupation are paid wa^ges inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living and maintain health. If convinced of need commission shall publish notice of public hearing. Commission holds a public hearing and issues a mandatory order. Noncompliance a misdemeanor Wages reasonable and not det punishable by fine. Employee rimental to health and wel may recover back wages, fare. costs, and attorney’s fees. Any occupation. Women; minors (females under 18 and males under 21 years of age1). Commissioner of industrial relations. Investigation at discretion of commissioner, or on petition of 50 or more residents of the State, to ascertain whether substantial number of women or minors in an occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of services rendered and less than sufficient to meet the minimum cost of living necessary for health. Investigation con ducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, other records of employers, and witnesses. If convinced of need on basis of information in his possession, commissioner shall request the governor to appoint a wage board without special investigation. Governor, at request of commissioner, appoints wage board composed of 9 members, 3 represen tatives each of employers, employees, and the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman. After studying evidence and testi mony of witnesses board must, within 60 days of its organization, submit a report recommend ing minimum fair wage standards. Within 10 days, commissioner must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and public hearing held. After final approval of wage-board report, commissioner issues a direc tory order. After 3 months, and following a public hearing, the commissioner may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of em ployers not complying with either directory or mandatory order. Noncompliance with mandatory order a misdemeanor, punish able by fine or imprisonment or both. Employee may re cover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. Wages fairly and reasonably commensurate with value of service or class of service ren dered. In determining mini mum fair wage, commissioner and wage board shall consider cost of living and wages paid in State for like or comparable work by employers voluntarily maintaining minimum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any in dustry, trade, or business, or branch thereof or class of work therein. Exceptions: Domestic service in the home of the employer; labor on a farm; person, firm, or cor poration subject to regulation by the State public service commission. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical deficiency or injury, may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Commissioner of labor and direc tor of minimum-wage division which shall be set up in the department of labor. Investigation at discretion of commissioner to ascertain whether wages paid to female employ ees in an occupation are inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living and maintain health. Investigation conducted by calling for state ments and examining books, pay rolls, other records of employers, and witnesses, and by holding public hearings at which employers, employees, and other interested persons may testify. If convinced of need commissioner is empowered to call a conferencfe. Commissioner calls conference composed of an equal number of representatives of employers and employees in the occupation or industry in question and 1 or more representatives of the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman, but public representatives must not exceed the number in either of the other groups. After studying evidence and testimony of wit nesses, the conference, on request of the com missioner, must within 60 days of its organiza tion, submit a report recommending minimumwage standards. The commissioner may accept or reject this report. If accepted, public hearing must be held. After final approval of conference report, commissioner issues a manda tory order. Noncompliance a misdemeanor punishable by fine. Em ployee may recover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. Wage adequate to supply neces sary cost of living and main tain health. Any occupation, trade or indus try. Exceptions: Labor on a farm, domestic service; munic ipalities having population of 10,000 or less. Women and girls Any woman or girl physically defective or crippled by age or otherwise, or any apprentice, may be granted license au thorizing a wage less than the minimum. Minimum-wage commission es tablished in the department of labor and industries under con trol of commissioner of labor and industries and consisting of associate commissioners of labor and industries. Investigation at discretion of commissioner, or on petition of 50 or more residents of the Common wealth, to ascertain whether substantial number of women or minors in an occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of services ren dered and less than sufficient to meet minimum cost of living necessary for health. Investiga tion conducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need, on basis of information in its possession, commission shall appoint a wage board without special investigation. Commission appoints wage board composed of an Publication of names of employ ers not complying with direc equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, and not tory or mandatory order. more than 3 representatives of the public, 1 of Noncompliance with manda the public group to be designated chairman. tory order punishable by fine After studying evidence and testimony of wit or imprisonment or both. nesses board must, within 60 davs of its organ Employee may recover back ization, submit a report recommending mini wages, costs, and attorney’s mum fair wage standards. Within 10 days, fees. the commission must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and public hearing held. After final approval of wageboard report, commissioner issues a directory order. After 3 months and following a public hearing commissioner may make the order mandatory. I Wage fairly and reasonably commensurate with value of service or class of service ren dered. In determining mini mum fair wage, commissioner and wage board may consider cost of living and wages paid in State for like or comparable work by employers voluntarily maintaining minimum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any industry, trade or business, or branch thereof or class of work therein. Exceptions: Domestic service in the home of the employer; labor on a farm. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Authority empowered to administer law l Decision of Stato attorney general, Aug. 13, 1938. 116196°—39 (Face p. 34) No. 2 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS—Continued Authority empowered to administer law Procedure preliminary to setting wage rates Procedure for setting wage rates Means provided for securing enforcement Industrial commission. (Commis sion is composed of 3 members appointed by governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, for terms of 6 years.) Investigation at discretion of commission, or on request of at least 100 persons engaged in occupa tion, to ascertain whether one-sixth or more women or minors are paid less than living wage. Investigation conducted by examining papers, books, witnesses, and by holding public hearings at which employers, employees, or other inter ested persons may testify. If convinced of need commission either fixes minimum-wage rates or appoints an advisory board. Commission sets a minimum wage and issues a mandatory order;; or commission establishes an advisory board of not less than 3 or more than 10 representatives of employers, an equal number of representatives of employees, and 1 or more of the public, the representatives of the public, not to exceed the number in either of the other groups. At least one-fifth of the members of the board must be women and the public group must include at least 1 woman. After investigation the board recommends minimumwage rates which the commission may accept or reject. After acceptance, or after commission determines the minimum wage without ap pointing an advisory board, it issues a manda tory order. Basis of wage rates Occupations or industries covered by law Employees covered by law Exceptions Refusal to comply with law a misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment. Em ployee may recover back wages, costs, and attorney's fees. Wage sufficient to maintain health and supply necessary comforts and conditions of life. Any occupation, i. e., any busi ness, industry, trade, or branch of trade. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). In an occupation in which only time rates arc established, a woman physically defective may be granted license author izing a wage less than the minimum. Number so li censed must not exceed onetenth of the total number of workers in an establishment. Minimum wage fixed by law. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or im prisonment, or both. Wage sufficient to maintain health and welfare. Private employment. Excep tions: Domestic service; State, county, city, or town em ployees. Any female. Probationary period exceed 3 months. Investigation at discretion of commissioner, or on petition of 50 or more residents of the State, to ascertain whether substantial number of women or minors in an occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of service rendered and less than sufficient to meet the minimum cost of liv ing necessary for health. Investigation con ducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need on basis of information in his possession, commissioner shall appoint a wage board with out special investigation. Commissioner appoints wage board composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, and not more than 3 representatives of the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman. After studying evidence and testimony of wit nesses board must, within 60 days of its organi zation, submit a report recommending mini mum fair wage standards. Within 10 days commissioner must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and pub lic hearing held. After final approval of wageboard report, commissioner issues a directory order. After 5 months and following a public hearing the commissioner may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of employ ers not complying with direc tory order. Noncompliance with mandatory order punishable by fine or im prisonment or both. Em ployee may recover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. Wage fairly and reasonably com mensurate with value of servi ce or class o f service rendered. In determining minimum fair wage, commissioner and wage board may consider wages paid in State for like or com parable work by employers voluntarily maintaining mini mum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any in dustry, trade, or business, or branch thereof or class of work therein. Exceptions: Domes tic service in the home of the employer; labor on a farm. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental defi ciency or injury may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Commissioner of labor or the direc Investigation at discretion of commissioner, or on tor of the minimum-wage divi petition of 50 or more residents of the State, to sion which shall be set up in the ascertain whether substantial number of women department of labor. or minors in an occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of services rendered and less than sufficient to meet the minimum cost of liv ing necessary for health. Investigation con ducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need on basis of information acquired by special investigation or otherwise, commissioner shall appoint a wage board. Commissioner appoints wage board composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, and not more than 3 representatives of the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman. After studying evidence and testimony of wit nesses board must, within 60 days of its organi zation, submit a report recommending mini mum fair wage standards. Within 10 days, commissioner must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must De published and pub lic hearing held. After final approval of wageboard report, commissioner issues a directory order. After 9 months and following a public hearing the commissioner may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of employ ers not complying with direc tory order. Noncompliance with mandatory order a misdemeanor, punish able by fine or imprisonment or both. Employee may re cover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. Wage fairly and reasonably com mensurate with value of serv ice or class of service rendered. In determining minimum fair wage, commissioner and wage board may consider wages paid in State for like or com parable work by employers voluntarily maintaining mini mum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any in dustry, trade or business, or branch thereof or class of work therein. Exceptions: Domestic service in the home of the em ployer; labor on a farm; em ployment in a hotel. Industrial commissioner. Commissioner appoints wage board composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, and not more than 3 representatives of the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman. After studying evidence and testimony of wit nesses board must, within 60 days of its organi zation, submit a report recommending mini mum-wage standards. Within 10 days com missioner must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and public hearing held. After final approval of wageboard report, commissioner issues a directory order. After 3 months and following a public hearing, the commissioner may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of employ ers not complying with either directory or mandatory order. Noncompliance with mandatory order a misdemeanor punish able by fine or imprisonment or both. Employee may re cover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. In determining minimum wage for any service of class of serv ice, commissioner and wage board may consider: (1) The amount sufficient to provide adequate maintenance and to protect health; (2) the value of the service or class of service rendered; and (3) wages paid in the State for like or compar able work. Any occupation, i. e., any in dustry, trade, business or class of work. Exceptions: Domes tic service in the home of the employer; labor on a farm. State Minnesota: General statutes 1927, sees. 4033, 4210-4232; session laws 1937, ch. 79. Nevada: Session laws 1937, ch. 207. Labor commissioner. New Hampshire: Session laws 1933, eh. 87_ Labor commissioner. New Jersey: Revised statutes 1937, vol. 2, secs. 34:1-1, 34: 11-34 to 34:11-56. New York: Cahill’s Consolidated Laws, Supplement 1937, ch. 32, secs. 550 566. Investigation at discretion of commissioner, or on petition of 50 or more residents of the State en gaged in or affected by an occupation, to ascer tain whether substantial number of women or minors in the occupation are paid wages insuffi cient to provide adequate maintenance and to protect health. Investigation conducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need on basis of information in his possession, commis sioner shall appoint a wage board without special investigation. Do. .do. Do. 116190°—39 (Face p. 34) No. 3 not to ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS—Continued State North Dakota: Supplement to com piled laws 1913-25, secs. 396b3, 396b6396b9, 396bll-396bl6; session laws 1935, ch. / 162. Ohio: General Code (Page) 1937, secs. 154-45d to 154-45t. Oklahoma: Session laws 1937, ch. 52. Oregon: Code 1930, vol. 3, secs. 49-304, 49-305, 49-307 to 49-319; supplement 1935, secs. 49-302a to 49-302C, 49-303, 49-306. Pennsylvania: Session laws 1937, Act 248. Authority empowered to administer law Procedure preliminary to setting wage rates Procedure for setting wage rates Means provided for securing enforcement Easis of wage rates Occupations or industries covered by law Employees covered by law Exceptions Commissioner of agriculture and labor. Investigation at discretion of commissioner to ascer tain whether substantial number of women in any occupation are paid wages inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living and maintain health. Investigation conducted by examining books, pay rolls, other records, and witnesses, and by holding public hearings at which any interested persons may testify. If convinced of need commissioner may convene a conference. Commissioner appoints conference composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, and not more than 3 representatives of the public, and the commissioner. After studying evidence and testimony of witnesses, the conference sub mits a report recommending minimum-wage standards. Commissioner must accept or reject this report. If accepted, notice must be pub lished and public hearing held. After final approval commissioner issues a mandatory order. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or im prisonment or both. Em ployee may reoaver back wages and attorney’s fees. Wage adequate to supply neces sary cost of living to women workers and to maintain health. Wages not unreason ably low for minors. Any occupation, i. e., any busi ness, industry, trade, or branch thereof. Exceptions: Agriculture; domestic service. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 18 years of age). Any female physically defective by age or otherwise, or any apprentice or learner, may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum. Director of industrial relations or the superintendent of the mini mum-wage division which shall be set up in the department of industrial relations. Investigation at discretion of director, or on peti tion of 50 or more residents of the State, to ascertain whether substantial number of women or minors in an occupation are paid oppressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than fair and reasonable value of services rendered and less than sufficient to moet minimum cost of living necessary for health. Investigation conducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If convinced of need on basis of information in his possession, director shall appoint a wage board without special investigation. Director appoints wage board composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, and not more than 3 representatives of the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman. After studying evidence and testimony of wit nesses board must, within 60 days of its organiza tion, submit a report recommending minimum fair wage standards. Within 10 days director must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and public hearing held. After final approval of wage-board report, director issues a directory order. After 3 months and following a public hearing the director may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of em ployers not complying with directory order. Noncompliance with manda tory order a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or im prisonment or both. Em ployee may recover back wages, costs, and attorney’s fees. Wage fairly and reasonably com mensurate with value of serv ice or class of service rendered. In determining minimum fair wage, director, superintend ent, or wage board may con sider wages paid in State for like or comparable work by employers voluntarily main taining minimum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any indus try, trade or business, or branch thereof or class of work therein. Exceptions: Domes tic service in the home of the employer; labor on a farm. Women: minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Industrial welfare commission. (Commission composed of gov ernor, commissioner of labor, and chairman of State industrial commission.) Investigation at discretion of commission to deter mine whether wages paid employees in an occu pation are inadequate to supply necessary cost of living and maintain health. Investigation conducted by calling for statements, examining books, pay rolls, or other records of employers, and by holding public hearings at which any interested persons may testify. If convinced of need commission is empowered to call a con ference. Commission appoints conference composed of equal number of representatives of employers and employees, and 1 or more representatives of the public (but public representatives must not exceed the number in either of the other groups), and a member of the commission who shall act as chairman. Conference recommends mini mum wage which the commission may accept or reject. If accepted, the commission issues a mandatory order. Failure to pay minimum wage a misdemeanor, punishable by fine. Employee may recover back wages, costs, and at torney’s fees. Wage adequate to supply neces sary cost of living and to main tain health. Suitable wage for minors. Any industry or occupation. Exceptions: Agriculture, horti culture, dairy or stock raising. Men and women; minors (persons of either sex under 18 years of age). Any employee physically defec tive or crippled by age or other wise or any apprentice may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. State welfare commission. (Com mission is composed of 3 un salaried members appointed by the governor for terms of 4 years. The commissioner of labor is to serve as secretary and executive officer.) Investigation at discretion of commission to ascer tain whether substantial number of women are paid wages inadequate to supply the necessary cost of living and maintain health. Investiga tion conducted by examining witnesses, books, pay rolls, and other records of employers and by holding public hearings at which interested per sons may testify. If convinced of need commis sion may convene a conference. Commission appoints conference composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers and employees, not more than 3 representatives Oi the public, and 1 or more commissioners. Commission shall desig nate the chairman. After studying evidence and testimony of witnesses, conference must submit a report recommending minimum-wage stand ards. The commission must accept or reject this report. If accepted notice must be pub lished and public hearing held. After final approval commission issues a mandatory order. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or im prisonment or both. Em ployee may recover back wages and attorney’s fees. Wage adequate to supply neces sary cost of living to women workers and to maintain health. Wage not unreason ably low for minors. Any occupation, i. e., any and every vocation, pursuit, trade, or industry. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 18 years of age). In an occupation in which only time rates are established, a woman physically defective or crippled by age or otherwise may be granted license au thorizing a wage less than the minimum. Department of labor and industry. Investigation at discretion of department, or on petition of 50 or more residents of the State, to ascertain whether substantial number of women or minors are paid wages less than sufficient to maintain health or efficiency. Investigation conducted by examining books, registers, pay rolls, and other records of employers. If con vinced of need on basis of information in posses sion of department, secretary of labor and industry shall appoint a wage board without a special investigation. Secretary appoints wage board composed of an equal number of representatives, but not more than 3, of employers, employees, and the public, 1 of the public group to be designated chairman. After studying evidence and testimony of wit nesses, board must, within 60 days of its organi zation, submit a report recommending minimum fair wage standards. Within 10 days, the de partment must accept or reject this report. If accepted, report must be published and public hearing held. After final approval of wage-board report department issues a directory order. After 3 months, and following a public hearing, department may make the order mandatory. Publication of names of em ployers not complying with directory or mandatory order. Noncompliance with manda tory order a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or impris onment or both. Employee may recover back wages, costs, and attorney's fees. Wage fairly and reasonably commensurate with value of service or class of service ren dered. In determining a minimum fair wage, secretary and wage board may consider cost of living and wages paid in the State for like or com parable work by employers voluntarily maintaining mini mum fair wage standards. Any occupation, i. e., any in dustry, trade, business, or class of work. Exceptions: Domestic service in the home of the employer; service in a religious community or chari table institution; labor on a farm; boys lawfully employed in sale and delivery of news papers and magazines; persons subject to provisions of Fed eral Railway Labor Act. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental defi ciency or injury, may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. 116196“—39 (Face p. 34) No. 4 ANALYSIS OF STATE MINIMUM-WAGE LAWS—Continued State Puerto Rico: Session laws 1919, Act 45; 1931, Act 15, sec. Authority empowered to administer law Procedure preliminary to setting wage rates Means provided for securing enforcement Procedure for setting wage rates 10. Rhode Island: Session laws 1936 (Janu ary session), ch. 2289. South Dakota: Compiled laws 1929, secs. 10022-B to 10022E; session laws 1931, chs. 173, 174. Utah: Revised statutes 1933, secs. 42-1-1, 103-1-16; session laws 1933, ch. 38. Employees covered by law Women and girls.. Minimum wage fixed by law.............—.................. Secretary of agriculture- industrial commission. (Com mission is composed of 3 mem bers appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate, for terms of 6 years.) Investigation at discretion of commission to deter mine whether wages paid to women and minors in an occupation are inadequate to supply the cost of proper living. Investigation conducted by examining books, papers, pay rolls, or rec ords, and witnesses and by holding public hear ings at which employers, employees, and other interested persons may testify. If convinced of need commission shall call a wage board. Commission calls wage board composed of an equal number or representatives of employers and employees with a representative of the com mission as chairman. After studying the evi dence the board recommends minimum-wage rates to the commission, which, after a public hearing, fixes the minimum rates for the industry and issues a mandatory order. Committee calls conference composed of an equal Industrial welfare committee. Investigation at discretion of the committee to number of representatives of employers and ascertain whether wages paid to female employ (Committee is composed of the employees in an occupation or industry, 1 or ees in an occupation are inadequate to supply director of labor and industries, more representatives of the public, the number the necessary cost of living and maintain health. appointed by the governor with not to exceed that in either of the other groups, Investigation conducted by examining books, the consent of the senate and and a member of the committee to act as chair pay rolls, other records of employers, and wit holding office at his pleasure; man. The conference recommends a minimum nesses, and by holding public hearings at which the supervisor of industrial insur wage, which the committee may accept or reject. employers, employees, and other interested per ance and the supervisor of indus If accepted the committee issues a mandatory sons may testify. If convinced of need commit trial relations appointed by the order. tee is empowered to call a conference. director of labor and industries; Committee may at any time after inquiry deter the supervisor of women in in mine suitable wages for minors and issue manda dustry and the industrial statis tory order. tician appointed by the super visor of industrial relations with the approval of the director of labor and industries.) Wisconsin: Commission appoints an advisory wage board Industrial commission. (Com Investigation at discretion of commission, or on the Statutes 1937, secs. 101.01 selected to represent fairly employers, employ filing of a verified complaint of any person, to mission is composed of 3 mem to 101.28, 104.01 to ees, and the public. The living wage determined ascertain whether wage paid to any woman or bers appointed by the governor, 104.12, 319.01. by the commission and this advisory board shall minor is not a living wage. with the advice and consent of be the minimum wage. the senate, for terms of 6 years.) Apprenticeship weeks. period of 3 Any woman or minor, including a learner or apprentice, whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury may be granted license authorizing a wage less than the minimum for a fixed period. Women; minors (females under 21, males under 18 years of age). Any woman physically defective by age or otherwise may be granted license authorizing a wage lower than minimum. License must be renewed every 6 months. Apprentice or learner: Special wage may be set by commission for specified period. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 18 years of age). Any woman physically defective or crippled by age or otherwise, or any apprentice, may be granted license authorizing a lower wage. Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 years of age). Any woman or minor unable to earn the living wage may ob tain license fixing a lower wage. -do. Wage adequate to supply neces sary cost of proper living and to maintain health and wel fare. Any occupation, trade, or indus try. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, Wage adequate to supply neces sary cost of living and main punishable by fine. Em tain health. Suitable wage ployee may recover back wages, for minors. costs, and attorney’s fees. Employer not complying shall forfeit and pay into State treasury. Living wage, i. e., sufficient to maintain worker under condi tions consistent with welfare, welfare to mean and include reasonable comfort, reasonable physical well-being, decency, and moral well-being. Every person in receipt of, or en titled to, any compensation for labor performed for any em ployer. 116196°—39 O Exceptions Wage fairly and reasonably com Any industry, trade or business, Women; minors (persons of either sex under 21 or branch thereof or class of mensurate with value of serv years of age). work therein. Exceptions; ice or class of service rendered Domestic service in the home and not greater than the in of the employer; labor on a dustry can afford to pay. In determining a minimum fair farm. wage, the commissioner and tho wage board may consider (1) wages paid in this and other States for like or comparable work by employers voluntarily maintaining minimum fair wage standards and (2) what wages the industry can afford to pay. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, A living wage.............................. Any factory, workshop, mechan Any woman or girl over ical or mercantile establish the age of 14 years. punishable by fine or imprison ment, laundry, hotel, restau ment or both. Employee may rant, or packing house. recover back wages and costs. Director appoints wage board composed of an Publication of names of em Director of labor and commissioner Investigation at discretion of director or commis ployers not complying with equal number of representatives, but not more sioner, or on petition of 50 or more residents of the appointed as chief of division of than 3, of employers and employees, and not directory order. State, to ascertain whether substantial number of women and children. more than 3 of the public, 1 of the public group to Noncompliance with mandatory women or minors in an occupation are paid op order a misdemeanor punish be designated chairman. After studying pressive and unreasonable wages, i. e., less than able by fine or imprisonment evidence and testimony of witnesses board must, fair and reasonable value of service rendered, less within 60 days of its organization, submit a report or both. Employee may re than the industry can afford to pay, and less than cover back wages, costs, and recommending minimum fair wage standards. sufficient to meet minimum cost of living neces Within 10 days director shall accept or reject this attorney’s fees. sary for health. Investigation conducted by report. If accepted, report must be published examining registers, pay rolls, other records of and public hearing held. After final approval of employers, and witnesses. If convinced of need wage-board report director issues a directory on basis of information in his possession, director order. shall appoint a wage board without special inves After 3 months and following a public hearing the tigation. director may make tho order mandatory. Washington: Remington's Revised Statutes 1931, secs. 7623-7641,10833,10835, 10840, 10893; session laws 1935, ch. 176. Occupations or industries covered by law Industrial occupations; com mercial or public-service un dertakings. Exceptions: Agri culture and agricultural in dustries. Noncompliance a misdemeanor, punishable by fine. Minimum wage fixed bylaw.. Commissioner of labor. Basis of wage rates Any woman mentally or physi cally deficient or disabled may be granted a permit authoriz ing a wage lower than the mini mum. Apprentice or learner if employer obtains permission to employ. (Face p. 34) No. 5
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