Full text of May 1998 : Text File, USDL 98-252
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Internet address: http://stat.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information: USDL 98-252
Employment (202) 606-6559
Unemployment 606-6392 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, June 19, 1998
REGIONAL AND STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT:
MAY 1998
Regional and state unemployment rates in May generally continued at the
low levels recorded in the early months of this year. After declining in
April, the four regions showed virtually no change over the month. Forty-
three states registered shifts of 0.3 percentage point or less, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported. The national
jobless rate remained at 4.3 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased
in 40 states and the District of Columbia.
Regional Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted)
Among the regions, the Midwest continued to report the lowest
unemployment rate, 3.5 percent in May, while the West again had the highest
rate, 5.2 percent. Compared with last May, all regions experienced
unemployment rate declines: the Northeast by -0.8 percentage point, the
South by -0.7 point, the Midwest by -0.5 point, and the West by -0.4 point.
(See table 1.)
Among the nine divisions, the West North Central again posted the lowest
unemployment rate (3.2 percent), while the Pacific again reported the
highest rate (5.6 percent). Over the month, unemployment rates were very
stable, with no division reporting a shift of greater than 0.3 percentage
point. Compared with a year earlier, unemployment rates were lower in all
divisions, with the largest decreases occurring in the East South Central
division (-1.2 points) and New England and the West South Central division
(-0.8 point each).
State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted)
In May, 27 states reported jobless rates below the U.S. average, while
21 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates. The seven states
with the lowest unemployment rates were in the Midwest. Nebraska and North
Dakota registered the lowest rates, 2.0 and 2.1 percent, respectively,
followed by Iowa (2.3 percent), Minnesota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin (2.7
percent each), and Indiana (2.9 percent). Seven other states had rates
below 3.5 percent. In May, four states recorded new lows in unemployment
rates for the current series: Florida, Idaho, Illinois, and Iowa.
(Virtually all regional and state series begin in 1978.) The highest rates
were in New Mexico (6.5 percent), West Virginia (6.4 percent), Alaska (5.9
percent), and California and Hawaii (both 5.8 percent). The District of
Columbia recorded a jobless rate of 8.1 percent. (See table 3 and chart 1.)
Unemployment rates decreased over the month in 22 states and the
District of Columbia, increased in 24 states, and were unchanged in 4
states. Among the states, Tennessee experienced the largest unemployment
- 2 -
rate decline (-0.5 percentage point), followed by Idaho and North Carolina
(both -0.4 point). The District of Columbia�s rate decreased by 0.8
percentage point. The largest increases over the month occurred in
Massachusetts (0.6 percentage point), Hawaii (0.5 point), and Ohio and
South Carolina (both 0.4 point).
Compared with May 1997, unemployment rates were lower in 45 states and
higher in 5 states and the District of Columbia. The largest over-the-year
declines occurred in Alaska (-2.0 percentage points), Maine (-1.7 points),
Connecticut (-1.5 points), and Kentucky and South Carolina (-1.4 points
each). Eight other states had decreases of at least 1.0 percentage point,
and 20 additional states reported declines of 0.5 point or more. The most
notable increases occurred in Nevada and New Mexico, where the rates rose
by 0.6 and 0.5 percentage points, respectively.
Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted)
Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 40 states and the District of
Columbia in May. West Virginia had the highest growth rate (1.0 percent),
followed by Montana, Oklahoma, and Wyoming (0.7 percent each). Employment
growth was unusually strong in West Virginia due to the hiring of temporary
poll workers for May primary elections. California added the most jobs
(41,800). (See table 5.)
Over the year, California (436,100), Texas (311,500), and Florida
(251,600) added the most jobs. Arizona (4.6 percent), South Carolina (4.3
percent), and Nevada (4.1 percent) had the largest percentage increases
over the year, while only Hawaii (-0.6 percent) and the District of
Columbia (-0.5 percent) showed decreases. Seven states have added jobs in
each of the past 12 months, and another 10 states have added jobs in 11 of
those 12 months. (See chart 2.)
__________________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for May is
scheduled to be issued on July 1. The Regional and State Employment and
Unemployment release for June is scheduled to be issued on July 17.
Technical Note
This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census
regions and divisions, states, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan
area, and New York City from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
program (tables 1-4). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment
estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program (tables 5 and 6). The LAUS and CES programs are
both Federal-State cooperative endeavors.
Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program
Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the
same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national
estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample
survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the
employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work
at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including
the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family
business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they
were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-
management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who
did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job
(sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and
are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need
not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all
states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan
area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on
regression techniques. This method utilizes data from several sources,
including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A
detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS
upon request. Effective January 1998, estimates for census regions and
divisions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the
component states and then calculating the unemployment rate.
Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the
prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with
January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data
from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources.
In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the two
large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual
averages, usually effective with January estimates. The regional and state
data will not sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the
monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS.
Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los Angeles-
Long Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by
aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment
levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently
adjusted levels. Region and division levels are calculated as the sum of
the levels of the component states. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar
year, usually coincident with January estimates.
Employment--from the CES program
Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment
payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the
12th of the month, except for federal government employment, which
represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of
the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their
place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted
on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal
product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification Manual.
Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link
relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month
employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for
the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the
previous month by these ratios.
Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a
complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax
reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state
unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to
adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding
one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark
month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment,
and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level
for the subsequent months.
Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals
for states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for
major industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent
5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS
independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each state series is subject
to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing
them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant
distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions
users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile
error structure.
Reliability of the estimates
The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and
administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of
errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is,
variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire
population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling
errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and
processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation
processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the
LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from
unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the tables;
differences, however, are generally insignificant.
Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error,
in the form of standard errors for state annual average estimates derived
from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data
are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in
the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings.
Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available
for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained
by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to
more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information
on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request.
Additional information
More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop
these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings,
which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800), and from the BLS Handbook of Methods,
Bulletin 2490, August 1997.
Estimates of labor force and unemployment for over 330 metropolitan
areas are available in the news release, Metropolitan Area Employment and
Unemployment. Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for
all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a
population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of
various federal economic assistance programs are provided in the report,
Unemployment in States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in
microfiche form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office
for $41.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is 029-001-81003-2.
These data also are available from the BLS Internet
(http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES program
are available at http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone:
202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Census region and Number Percent of labor force
division
May Mar. Apr. May
1997 1998 1998 1998 May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May
1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998
Northeast........... 26,126.6 26,105.9 26,045.2 26,056.5 1,433.2 1,308.4 1,219.2 1,227.4 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.7
New England....... 7,120.1 7,139.0 7,103.1 7,122.6 323.4 276.2 243.1 263.0 4.5 3.9 3.4 3.7
Middle Atlantic... 19,006.6 18,966.9 18,942.1 18,933.9 1,109.9 1,032.2 976.1 964.4 5.8 5.4 5.2 5.1
South............... 47,041.6 47,879.6 47,935.3 47,974.2 2,366.3 2,118.6 2,069.5 2,042.8 5.0 4.4 4.3 4.3
South Atlantic.... 24,325.9 24,763.1 24,800.5 24,785.1 1,128.4 1,042.5 1,013.6 996.5 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.0
East South Central 8,051.5 8,167.0 8,148.8 8,146.8 439.9 382.8 357.7 354.0 5.5 4.7 4.4 4.3
West South Central 14,664.2 14,949.5 14,986.1 15,042.2 798.0 693.3 698.1 692.2 5.4 4.6 4.7 4.6
Midwest............. 32,851.3 33,383.1 33,299.7 33,298.7 1,311.2 1,256.6 1,131.8 1,168.5 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.5
East North Central 22,795.0 23,134.0 23,025.2 23,012.1 952.0 924.3 811.1 840.6 4.2 4.0 3.5 3.7
West North Central 10,056.3 10,249.1 10,274.4 10,286.6 359.3 332.3 320.7 327.9 3.6 3.2 3.1 3.2
West................ 29,872.3 30,617.8 30,604.4 30,677.5 1,670.5 1,613.7 1,604.0 1,589.7 5.6 5.3 5.2 5.2
Mountain.......... 8,341.8 8,685.1 8,711.3 8,710.5 359.6 368.1 374.8 361.5 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.2
Pacific........... 21,530.5 21,932.8 21,893.1 21,967.0 1,310.9 1,245.6 1,229.2 1,228.1 6.1 5.7 5.6 5.6
1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South
Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West
Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when
new benchmark and population information becomes available.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, not seasonally adjusted1
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number Percent of labor force
Census region and
division April May
April May April May
1997 1998 1997 1998
1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998
Northeast........... 25,868.3 25,817.4 26,021.2 25,952.7 1,405.8 1,190.6 1,398.1 1,192.7 5.4 4.6 5.4 4.6
New England....... 7,041.8 7,031.2 7,087.3 7,090.2 323.1 239.1 305.8 245.6 4.6 3.4 4.3 3.5
Middle Atlantic... 18,826.6 18,786.2 18,933.9 18,862.5 1,082.6 951.5 1,092.3 947.1 5.8 5.1 5.8 5.0
South............... 46,642.2 47,624.7 46,965.6 47,903.7 2,187.7 1,905.9 2,252.8 1,934.3 4.7 4.0 4.8 4.0
South Atlantic.... 24,114.7 24,639.1 24,336.5 24,799.1 1,037.9 929.7 1,083.4 951.7 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.8
East South Central 7,976.6 8,086.5 8,028.9 8,125.1 410.6 331.7 416.3 330.9 5.1 4.1 5.2 4.1
West South Central 14,550.8 14,899.1 14,600.2 14,979.5 739.2 644.5 753.0 651.7 5.1 4.3 5.2 4.4
Midwest............. 32,609.7 33,071.9 32,867.9 33,319.5 1,336.3 1,115.6 1,216.2 1,075.4 4.1 3.4 3.7 3.2
East North Central 22,592.4 22,835.1 22,810.1 23,029.3 971.3 801.6 894.4 782.9 4.3 3.5 3.9 3.4
West North Central 10,017.4 10,236.7 10,057.8 10,290.2 365.0 314.0 321.8 292.5 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.8
West................ 29,602.7 30,374.5 29,750.2 30,553.8 1,656.1 1,554.0 1,575.7 1,493.1 5.6 5.1 5.3 4.9
Mountain.......... 8,235.8 8,619.8 8,308.5 8,677.6 345.6 350.2 344.8 346.7 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.0
Pacific........... 21,366.9 21,754.7 21,441.7 21,876.3 1,310.5 1,203.8 1,230.8 1,146.4 6.1 5.5 5.7 5.2
1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. The composition of the regions and divisions is described in
table 1.
NOTE: All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted
(Number in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
State and Area Number Percent of labor force
May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May May Mar. Apr. May
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama................ 2,185.8 2,149.9 2,137.4 2,145.3 114.2 89.9 78.7 86.6 5.2 4.2 3.7 4.0
Alaska................. 314.3 317.4 316.3 318.5 24.9 19.0 18.1 18.9 7.9 6.0 5.7 5.9
Arizona................ 2,140.7 2,263.3 2,269.5 2,262.1 101.6 99.0 99.6 92.4 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.1
Arkansas............... 1,196.6 1,248.9 1,249.5 1,246.9 61.5 70.1 65.1 64.4 5.1 5.6 5.2 5.2
California............. 15,935.7 16,218.2 16,215.1 16,234.5 1,007.8 980.0 964.0 948.2 6.3 6.0 5.9 5.8
Los Angeles-Long
Beach............. 4,478.7 4,622.1 4,587.3 4,562.8 307.7 294.0 295.6 287.3 6.9 6.4 6.4 6.3
Colorado............... 2,143.9 2,231.4 2,240.5 2,242.9 70.2 69.9 75.3 71.2 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.2
Connecticut............ 1,721.0 1,722.4 1,714.9 1,720.9 91.0 69.4 67.1 65.2 5.3 4.0 3.9 3.8
Delaware............... 376.4 393.2 393.2 394.0 16.0 13.6 14.9 16.2 4.3 3.5 3.8 4.1
District of Columbia... 256.9 260.6 268.4 267.0 19.7 24.2 23.8 21.7 7.7 9.3 8.9 8.1
Florida................ 7,061.5 7,269.7 7,302.6 7,296.0 341.5 346.4 342.9 323.2 4.8 4.8 4.7 4.4
Georgia................ 3,907.8 3,931.6 3,960.4 3,952.2 184.5 159.1 157.7 160.1 4.7 4.0 4.0 4.0
Hawaii................. 590.4 592.9 592.3 593.5 38.9 34.4 31.3 34.5 6.6 5.8 5.3 5.8
Idaho.................. 631.7 644.8 646.7 645.9 33.8 33.5 33.2 30.3 5.4 5.2 5.1 4.7
Illinois............... 6,111.1 6,189.1 6,142.1 6,131.3 271.2 280.0 255.9 241.0 4.4 4.5 4.2 3.9
Indiana................ 3,092.3 3,133.9 3,117.3 3,093.9 107.0 106.9 87.2 88.7 3.5 3.4 2.8 2.9
Iowa................... 1,575.2 1,588.6 1,582.9 1,581.7 51.1 41.5 38.2 36.6 3.2 2.6 2.4 2.3
Kansas................. 1,349.6 1,409.8 1,414.6 1,418.6 51.1 49.5 47.7 49.9 3.8 3.5 3.4 3.5
Kentucky............... 1,927.4 1,945.8 1,938.9 1,939.5 107.9 86.9 77.8 81.1 5.6 4.5 4.0 4.2
Louisiana.............. 2,022.1 2,033.2 2,054.4 2,079.8 130.2 95.8 113.8 109.5 6.4 4.7 5.5 5.3
Maine.................. 657.5 655.0 653.3 653.8 35.9 28.4 26.2 24.8 5.5 4.3 4.0 3.8
Maryland............... 2,790.6 2,796.9 2,793.0 2,783.9 143.9 130.4 125.0 126.7 5.2 4.7 4.5 4.6
Massachusetts.......... 3,266.9 3,268.4 3,244.7 3,262.6 134.4 121.9 95.8 118.7 4.1 3.7 3.0 3.6
Michigan............... 4,987.5 5,047.6 5,033.7 5,037.4 208.9 198.8 176.6 187.6 4.2 3.9 3.5 3.7
Minnesota.............. 2,608.9 2,684.1 2,693.6 2,696.8 87.6 77.1 69.4 73.7 3.4 2.9 2.6 2.7
Mississippi............ 1,258.0 1,289.9 1,282.4 1,283.4 71.1 75.4 68.3 65.9 5.7 5.8 5.3 5.1
Missouri............... 2,882.9 2,894.8 2,911.4 2,916.0 121.2 124.7 129.6 131.2 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5
Montana................ 452.3 461.8 462.6 464.6 24.1 25.0 25.4 25.8 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6
Nebraska............... 898.6 926.8 928.7 927.6 25.3 20.5 18.2 18.3 2.8 2.2 2.0 2.0
Nevada................. 878.2 909.6 914.5 915.6 35.6 42.4 44.1 42.7 4.1 4.7 4.8 4.7
New Hampshire.......... 644.7 652.0 653.5 654.7 20.7 19.3 18.6 19.6 3.2 3.0 2.8 3.0
New Jersey............. 4,200.0 4,192.5 4,188.9 4,183.5 216.8 214.0 214.1 208.7 5.2 5.1 5.1 5.0
New Mexico............. 815.8 841.7 842.7 843.1 49.1 54.0 52.1 54.9 6.0 6.4 6.2 6.5
New York............... 8,819.6 8,795.3 8,773.0 8,788.4 572.2 533.5 505.4 500.5 6.5 6.1 5.8 5.7
New York City........ 3,387.0 3,356.0 3,345.2 3,344.5 327.7 288.5 270.4 257.9 9.7 8.6 8.1 7.7
North Carolina......... 3,852.0 3,846.9 3,823.1 3,807.2 138.4 148.8 140.1 125.7 3.6 3.9 3.7 3.3
North Dakota........... 349.9 346.4 344.9 346.4 11.2 8.4 6.7 7.3 3.2 2.4 1.9 2.1
Ohio................... 5,684.7 5,805.8 5,784.3 5,800.3 257.4 247.5 222.0 245.0 4.5 4.3 3.8 4.2
Oklahoma............... 1,597.2 1,616.2 1,611.6 1,614.1 68.4 57.5 60.5 59.5 4.3 3.6 3.8 3.7
Oregon................. 1,705.3 1,778.5 1,769.2 1,775.8 96.4 87.2 89.9 92.9 5.7 4.9 5.1 5.2
Pennsylvania........... 5,986.9 5,979.1 5,980.2 5,962.0 320.9 284.8 256.6 255.2 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.3
Rhode Island........... 505.8 509.5 506.6 501.7 28.5 25.8 24.7 23.4 5.6 5.1 4.9 4.7
South Carolina......... 1,918.1 1,902.6 1,913.3 1,919.4 91.4 46.2 56.6 65.1 4.8 2.4 3.0 3.4
South Dakota........... 391.3 398.6 398.4 399.5 11.8 10.8 11.0 10.8 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7
Tennessee.............. 2,680.3 2,781.4 2,790.0 2,778.6 146.6 130.7 132.9 120.4 5.5 4.7 4.8 4.3
Texas.................. 9,848.3 10,051.2 10,070.5 10,101.4 538.0 469.9 458.7 458.8 5.5 4.7 4.6 4.5
Utah................... 1,030.6 1,077.5 1,080.1 1,080.1 32.3 33.6 34.6 32.9 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0
Vermont................ 324.2 331.8 330.2 328.9 12.8 11.4 10.6 11.2 4.0 3.4 3.2 3.4
Virginia............... 3,362.5 3,554.8 3,540.2 3,555.2 139.5 118.6 99.4 105.9 4.1 3.3 2.8 3.0
Washington............. 2,984.7 3,025.7 3,000.0 3,044.7 143.0 125.0 125.9 133.7 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.4
West Virginia.......... 800.1 807.0 806.2 810.1 53.5 55.1 53.4 51.9 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.4
Wisconsin.............. 2,919.4 2,957.6 2,947.9 2,949.2 107.5 91.1 69.4 78.3 3.7 3.1 2.4 2.7
Wyoming................ 248.5 255.0 254.8 256.3 12.7 10.7 10.5 11.3 5.1 4.2 4.1 4.4
Puerto Rico............ 1,307.7 1,328.1 1,319.6 1,336.6 175.1 179.7 174.7 170.0 13.4 13.5 13.2 12.7
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the
Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information
becomes available.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
State Number Percent of labor force
April May April May April May
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama................ 2,177.3 2,134.3 2,180.3 2,140.2 108.1 72.8 103.4 75.9 5.0 3.4 4.7 3.5
Alaska................. 310.2 310.8 313.6 317.8 27.1 18.8 24.3 18.5 8.7 6.1 7.8 5.8
Arizona................ 2,117.5 2,244.5 2,139.7 2,261.6 91.2 85.6 96.7 87.6 4.3 3.8 4.5 3.9
Arkansas............... 1,195.7 1,246.4 1,202.5 1,252.5 58.6 60.6 59.1 61.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9
California............. 15,803.9 16,109.3 15,858.8 16,155.8 991.6 936.8 945.2 883.8 6.3 5.8 6.0 5.5
Los Angeles-Long
Beach............. 4,451.6 4,562.3 4,464.8 4,548.5 302.8 284.8 298.3 277.4 6.8 6.2 6.7 6.1
Colorado............... 2,102.8 2,205.2 2,128.9 2,228.2 64.6 67.6 71.1 72.2 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2
Connecticut............ 1,707.6 1,700.2 1,716.6 1,716.1 88.5 62.4 89.6 63.7 5.2 3.7 5.2 3.7
Delaware............... 371.9 388.9 373.0 390.5 14.6 13.2 13.6 13.8 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.5
District of Columbia... 255.0 265.2 253.8 263.8 18.2 22.1 19.2 21.3 7.2 8.3 7.6 8.1
Florida................ 6,983.1 7,242.5 7,077.5 7,313.3 316.7 317.5 330.1 312.5 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.3
Georgia................ 3,876.7 3,940.6 3,893.8 3,940.2 166.7 141.7 172.5 148.0 4.3 3.6 4.4 3.8
Hawaii................. 590.9 592.7 588.5 591.2 39.2 31.7 38.9 34.5 6.6 5.3 6.6 5.8
Idaho.................. 623.4 639.9 632.7 646.8 36.0 35.1 32.6 29.1 5.8 5.5 5.2 4.5
Illinois............... 6,076.9 6,109.4 6,099.0 6,120.7 279.8 252.5 259.8 230.4 4.6 4.1 4.3 3.8
Indiana................ 3,083.5 3,114.1 3,116.1 3,118.2 109.7 90.3 104.8 86.6 3.6 2.9 3.4 2.8
Iowa................... 1,571.9 1,577.3 1,572.9 1,581.6 54.7 38.7 44.7 31.9 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.0
Kansas................. 1,341.2 1,405.1 1,341.5 1,409.9 51.1 46.4 47.9 46.7 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.3
Kentucky............... 1,906.2 1,924.8 1,934.2 1,947.0 102.8 75.5 105.4 79.3 5.4 3.9 5.4 4.1
Louisiana.............. 2,007.4 2,042.8 2,012.1 2,069.7 113.4 101.5 119.9 99.3 5.6 5.0 6.0 4.8
Maine.................. 650.7 644.7 656.3 652.4 40.6 30.1 35.2 24.1 6.2 4.7 5.4 3.7
Maryland............... 2,758.5 2,761.2 2,783.3 2,776.4 132.9 115.0 138.8 121.5 4.8 4.2 5.0 4.4
Massachusetts.......... 3,231.4 3,213.0 3,248.7 3,245.0 131.9 92.6 122.9 107.4 4.1 2.9 3.8 3.3
Michigan............... 4,916.1 4,964.0 4,997.6 5,047.8 210.3 170.0 190.3 168.8 4.3 3.4 3.8 3.3
Minnesota.............. 2,592.2 2,680.5 2,605.9 2,693.8 94.6 72.5 72.5 58.7 3.6 2.7 2.8 2.2
Mississippi............ 1,245.3 1,271.7 1,260.4 1,285.7 64.1 60.9 73.4 68.0 5.1 4.8 5.8 5.3
Missouri............... 2,884.1 2,910.3 2,890.5 2,923.9 120.7 124.2 111.9 121.8 4.2 4.3 3.9 4.2
Montana................ 451.6 462.6 452.8 465.1 24.6 25.1 22.1 23.8 5.5 5.4 4.9 5.1
Nebraska............... 892.0 923.5 900.6 929.5 21.6 14.9 24.5 17.5 2.4 1.6 2.7 1.9
Nevada................. 867.4 907.5 872.7 910.0 34.3 41.6 32.5 39.5 3.9 4.6 3.7 4.3
New Hampshire.......... 636.4 649.5 642.4 652.5 22.0 19.6 19.5 18.4 3.5 3.0 3.0 2.8
New Jersey............. 4,161.4 4,154.5 4,194.9 4,178.1 200.4 198.4 208.2 199.8 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.8
New Mexico............. 812.4 841.9 813.9 841.2 49.7 51.1 47.8 53.5 6.1 6.1 5.9 6.4
New York............... 8,741.0 8,704.9 8,766.6 8,736.6 559.4 494.5 553.3 482.3 6.4 5.7 6.3 5.5
New York City........ 3,377.8 3,337.1 3,357.4 3,315.4 328.1 269.9 319.6 250.4 9.7 8.1 9.5 7.6
North Carolina......... 3,819.2 3,796.5 3,856.8 3,811.2 121.3 128.2 135.1 122.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.2
North Dakota........... 346.7 343.0 351.7 348.7 10.2 6.9 9.9 6.5 2.9 2.0 2.8 1.9
Ohio................... 5,619.1 5,722.3 5,684.2 5,800.8 253.8 210.1 236.5 223.3 4.5 3.7 4.2 3.9
Oklahoma............... 1,595.9 1,611.4 1,597.4 1,614.2 65.1 57.2 70.0 61.0 4.1 3.6 4.4 3.8
Oregon................. 1,707.5 1,764.2 1,701.8 1,772.2 105.9 92.5 89.2 85.7 6.2 5.2 5.2 4.8
Pennsylvania........... 5,924.2 5,926.8 5,972.3 5,947.8 322.8 258.6 330.8 265.1 5.4 4.4 5.5 4.5
Rhode Island........... 495.3 496.7 501.3 497.4 26.2 23.1 26.6 21.5 5.3 4.6 5.3 4.3
South Carolina......... 1,910.9 1,912.2 1,925.2 1,926.5 83.2 47.7 84.0 57.6 4.4 2.5 4.4 3.0
South Dakota........... 389.3 397.0 394.6 402.8 12.1 10.5 10.5 9.5 3.1 2.6 2.6 2.3
Tennessee.............. 2,647.8 2,755.7 2,654.0 2,752.2 135.7 122.4 134.1 107.7 5.1 4.4 5.1 3.9
Texas.................. 9,751.9 9,998.6 9,788.2 10,043.1 502.1 425.2 504.1 429.5 5.1 4.3 5.1 4.3
Utah................... 1,012.7 1,064.5 1,021.4 1,070.5 30.6 32.6 30.2 30.6 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.9
Vermont................ 320.4 327.0 322.0 326.8 13.9 11.3 12.0 10.5 4.3 3.5 3.7 3.2
Virginia............... 3,339.3 3,531.2 3,367.3 3,561.5 126.8 90.4 138.8 105.2 3.8 2.6 4.1 3.0
Washington............. 2,954.4 2,977.6 2,979.0 3,039.2 146.7 123.9 133.2 123.9 5.0 4.2 4.5 4.1
West Virginia.......... 800.1 800.8 805.8 815.7 57.6 53.9 51.3 49.5 7.2 6.7 6.4 6.1
Wisconsin.............. 2,896.7 2,925.4 2,913.0 2,941.7 117.7 78.7 102.9 73.8 4.1 2.7 3.5 2.5
Wyoming................ 248.0 253.7 246.4 254.2 14.7 11.5 11.7 10.2 5.9 4.6 4.7 4.0
Puerto Rico............ 1,294.3 1,307.7 1,295.7 1,324.1 175.9 174.4 175.5 171.1 13.6 13.3 13.5 12.9
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current
Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes
available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Total(1) Construction Manufacturing
State
May Mar. April May May Mar. April May May Mar. April May
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama............ 1,864.2 1,879.4 1,878.2 1,883.9 97.6 97.0 98.7 100.0 380.9 378.0 377.1 377.3
Alaska............. 269.2 273.7 273.8 273.1 13.0 12.8 13.0 12.9 15.5 16.3 15.5 14.0
Arizona............ 1,968.7 2,045.6 2,048.3 2,059.9 130.3 134.5 133.3 135.0 204.7 215.1 215.5 215.1
Arkansas........... 1,101.6 1,118.9 1,124.0 1,125.7 48.2 47.7 48.8 49.3 253.8 255.1 255.6 255.4
California......... 13118.1 13485.6 13512.4 13554.2 548.2 591.9 591.6 593.4 1,907.8 1,947.1 1,944.3 1,947.8
Colorado........... 1,971.9 2,023.9 2,022.0 2,033.0 118.9 127.9 126.5 127.2 202.7 208.8 208.4 208.0
Connecticut........ 1,609.3 1,639.6 1,641.9 1,641.2 56.3 59.8 59.6 58.9 275.9 277.0 277.6 276.8
Delaware........... 385.1 398.0 398.3 400.5 21.2 22.2 22.1 21.6 57.5 58.8 58.8 59.2
District of
Columbia........ 613.0 610.9 609.7 610.2 8.9 8.9 8.7 8.7 12.7 12.8 12.8 12.8
Florida............ 6,393.5 6,604.1 6,610.3 6,645.1 329.6 342.6 344.5 347.1 491.0 491.3 491.9 493.1
Georgia............ 3,593.2 3,714.9 3,718.2 3,732.0 166.4 178.2 178.5 181.4 589.4 589.9 590.4 591.4
Hawaii(2).......... 531.2 529.0 527.8 527.9 22.3 22.1 21.8 22.0 16.7 16.4 16.3 16.2
Idaho.............. 508.2 516.7 516.6 516.4 32.2 32.6 32.9 32.7 74.2 76.3 76.3 76.1
Illinois........... 5,762.1 5,834.5 5,852.9 5,865.1 234.7 235.9 241.4 238.8 970.6 980.5 981.8 981.0
Indiana............ 2,859.1 2,880.0 2,891.4 2,902.4 141.2 140.6 144.5 144.9 677.4 682.9 681.4 681.4
Iowa............... 1,404.9 1,429.2 1,436.7 1,438.5 60.1 60.6 62.3 62.7 253.0 258.4 258.3 259.1
Kansas............. 1,266.1 1,294.4 1,297.7 1,305.8 59.7 58.5 60.2 61.5 204.5 210.4 210.8 211.8
Kentucky........... 1,706.6 1,738.0 1,745.1 1,752.2 81.1 85.4 86.3 86.9 314.6 314.9 315.7 316.2
Louisiana.......... 1,841.6 1,879.5 1,879.4 1,884.0 116.4 118.4 118.6 119.7 191.6 190.5 189.9 190.3
Maine.............. 550.0 561.0 561.0 560.7 23.5 24.2 24.1 24.2 87.6 87.4 87.3 86.9
Maryland........... 2,258.0 2,277.2 2,272.8 2,272.0 138.3 137.4 136.6 133.7 176.7 176.8 176.1 176.1
Massachusetts...... 3,106.7 3,190.6 3,196.7 3,206.8 98.4 108.3 108.2 107.7 447.0 456.3 454.5 453.8
Michigan........... 4,452.6 4,503.3 4,525.7 4,521.3 180.8 184.6 190.3 187.7 967.4 973.8 981.3 976.6
Minnesota.......... 2,476.9 2,530.1 2,528.3 2,540.2 93.6 99.2 99.7 99.7 432.4 442.4 441.6 442.3
Mississippi........ 1,104.4 1,117.2 1,120.7 1,122.8 50.1 51.9 52.4 52.2 242.4 241.5 241.8 241.9
Missouri........... 2,634.2 2,651.6 2,663.3 2,677.0 121.3 118.5 123.6 124.3 417.9 421.6 421.4 421.4
Montana............ 365.2 370.2 370.6 373.1 17.8 18.2 18.0 18.2 24.2 24.5 24.7 24.9
Nebraska........... 850.8 873.0 878.2 878.1 37.8 40.8 40.9 40.8 114.7 118.2 119.8 119.5
Nevada............. 885.4 916.0 920.9 921.9 81.8 86.1 87.0 87.3 40.3 42.4 42.3 42.5
New Hampshire...... 569.1 570.7 573.8 573.3 21.2 22.2 22.4 22.2 106.6 108.7 108.2 108.0
New Jersey......... 3,712.7 3,788.0 3,785.2 3,795.4 130.2 136.4 136.2 135.1 481.1 485.2 483.3 481.2
New Mexico......... 707.0 714.4 713.0 715.4 42.8 42.2 42.6 43.0 46.1 45.6 45.2 45.2
New York........... 8,013.8 8,117.5 8,124.9 8,139.9 262.8 270.6 271.8 273.5 920.4 920.4 918.2 916.7
North Carolina..... 3,652.1 3,735.5 3,739.3 3,747.5 202.0 209.5 210.3 211.0 834.9 833.1 831.2 830.3
North Dakota....... 312.1 318.1 318.0 318.5 14.9 15.1 15.3 15.3 23.0 23.9 23.8 24.2
Ohio............... 5,386.4 5,445.3 5,448.6 5,459.5 224.1 228.1 232.9 233.7 1,092.1 1,097.8 1,094.9 1,090.8
Oklahoma........... 1,383.8 1,415.9 1,418.4 1,427.7 50.2 52.3 52.5 53.1 177.5 184.4 183.7 184.9
Oregon............. 1,525.8 1,561.9 1,563.9 1,565.2 82.2 84.9 85.7 82.7 245.3 247.7 246.7 247.6
Pennsylvania....... 5,393.3 5,447.2 5,455.7 5,454.7 213.0 220.6 222.2 222.9 937.3 939.7 938.5 935.0
Rhode Island....... 449.0 453.7 455.3 456.8 14.4 16.1 16.9 16.7 79.9 79.3 78.8 79.0
South Carolina..... 1,713.6 1,775.6 1,784.8 1,787.9 98.8 106.7 107.9 108.8 363.3 362.5 364.2 364.2
South Dakota....... 355.4 357.3 358.0 359.6 15.0 15.6 15.9 15.8 49.7 49.6 49.2 48.8
Tennessee.......... 2,579.5 2,623.6 2,623.5 2,620.2 116.2 119.2 120.3 120.3 516.6 518.5 516.4 516.4
Texas.............. 8,568.7 8,824.5 8,855.0 8,880.2 456.4 477.8 480.3 485.3 1,079.1 1,095.9 1,097.2 1,098.9
Utah............... 991.8 1,024.3 1,024.4 1,026.3 65.2 67.3 67.7 68.5 132.8 135.4 135.4 135.2
Vermont............ 278.4 280.1 281.5 282.2 12.9 12.5 13.0 13.1 46.3 47.3 47.9 47.7
Virginia........... 3,218.1 3,303.6 3,306.9 3,316.0 185.2 192.9 193.4 194.5 403.8 407.6 407.5 405.2
Washington......... 2,507.0 2,566.4 2,576.5 2,587.0 136.0 138.9 140.1 141.3 367.1 377.8 376.9 378.3
West Virginia...... 705.6 715.2 715.1 722.6 34.6 34.3 35.5 33.5 81.5 82.9 83.1 83.1
Wisconsin.......... 2,647.0 2,696.5 2,702.6 2,709.4 108.9 110.9 111.9 112.5 608.8 620.0 620.1 619.7
Wyoming............ 224.1 223.9 224.3 225.9 15.2 15.1 15.3 15.9 10.8 11.0 11.0 11.0
Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real
utilities estate
May Mar. April May May Mar. April May May Mar. April May
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama............ 91.3 91.8 91.5 91.8 427.2 432.9 432.2 434.3 84.2 85.6 85.8 86.4
Alaska............. 24.1 24.6 25.0 25.5 55.7 56.9 56.6 57.2 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.3
Arizona............ 96.5 97.5 97.7 98.6 478.3 499.0 498.8 501.0 125.9 132.4 132.9 133.7
Arkansas........... 65.4 67.7 67.7 67.9 251.6 254.4 255.1 256.1 44.1 44.8 44.8 44.8
California......... 662.5 679.0 680.1 680.6 3,050.9 3,114.7 3,117.4 3,128.8 754.5 772.7 776.1 779.6
Colorado........... 122.1 122.0 122.7 123.0 480.5 491.9 492.2 495.4 126.4 131.2 130.7 131.3
Connecticut........ 74.6 76.1 76.0 76.7 352.2 359.0 357.9 358.7 131.5 134.7 134.5 135.4
Delaware........... 15.6 15.6 15.6 15.7 85.2 87.7 87.2 87.2 46.5 48.9 49.5 49.7
District of
Columbia........ 17.8 17.2 17.1 17.0 47.6 48.7 48.1 48.2 28.5 28.5 28.4 28.4
Florida............ 326.5 338.1 336.6 338.9 1,642.7 1,687.8 1,686.9 1,688.5 408.0 422.8 424.5 426.8
Georgia............ 229.6 238.4 238.4 239.3 907.0 936.5 936.8 940.5 186.0 193.8 194.5 195.1
Hawaii(2).......... 41.4 40.9 40.2 40.3 135.2 133.3 132.5 132.6 36.3 35.3 35.3 35.1
Idaho.............. 24.1 25.8 24.4 24.4 129.0 129.2 130.1 130.8 25.1 26.2 26.5 26.6
Illinois........... 337.8 342.1 343.7 345.5 1,323.6 1,337.3 1,340.0 1,342.4 396.5 406.8 407.9 409.2
Indiana............ 141.0 142.8 142.9 142.6 681.5 683.8 684.6 686.5 137.8 140.2 140.6 140.8
Iowa............... 66.0 67.2 68.1 68.2 345.6 348.5 349.5 350.5 79.0 81.1 81.3 81.8
Kansas............. 72.2 73.3 73.5 74.1 308.5 316.4 317.3 318.9 61.1 61.0 61.4 61.2
Kentucky........... 97.3 100.0 101.5 101.7 408.7 415.6 417.4 419.5 68.8 70.8 71.1 71.2
Louisiana.......... 110.0 112.8 113.4 113.8 427.5 436.7 436.0 438.2 85.4 86.8 86.5 86.6
Maine.............. 23.1 23.8 23.8 24.0 138.7 140.8 141.0 140.6 28.1 30.2 30.2 30.4
Maryland........... 107.3 105.5 105.4 105.9 534.9 541.6 538.9 538.0 130.4 131.1 131.9 132.3
Massachusetts...... 133.5 137.6 138.6 137.9 705.5 729.2 728.6 732.1 212.3 216.5 216.3 216.7
Michigan........... 173.3 174.0 174.4 177.3 1,044.1 1,055.3 1,059.1 1,067.3 206.2 209.4 209.7 187.8
Minnesota.......... 123.8 125.6 125.6 126.0 597.5 606.2 604.1 608.5 145.5 149.9 150.9 151.3
Mississippi........ 52.9 53.7 53.9 53.7 236.5 238.1 239.9 239.7 41.7 41.3 41.5 41.5
Missouri........... 165.4 165.6 166.4 166.1 622.3 628.4 631.5 632.9 153.8 156.7 156.8 157.4
Montana............ 21.1 21.5 21.6 21.5 98.7 99.4 99.2 99.7 16.3 16.7 16.9 16.9
Nebraska........... 53.7 54.8 55.1 54.7 210.0 213.2 214.8 215.4 54.1 56.5 56.9 57.1
Nevada............. 45.5 46.9 47.0 47.3 177.9 185.9 186.2 186.9 39.9 41.7 41.8 42.1
New Hampshire...... 19.5 19.3 19.8 19.4 147.7 148.8 149.5 149.1 29.3 29.4 29.8 29.7
New Jersey......... 257.1 261.9 262.0 263.0 870.3 886.6 884.3 890.7 238.3 244.0 244.6 244.2
New Mexico......... 32.1 32.7 33.0 33.2 167.4 169.9 169.7 171.3 31.3 31.6 31.5 31.5
New York........... 409.0 411.1 409.8 409.7 1,636.4 1,654.3 1,657.3 1,659.9 719.8 725.8 726.3 727.3
North Carolina..... 171.0 170.7 169.8 169.2 839.0 847.2 847.1 846.2 166.1 173.4 173.0 173.7
North Dakota....... 18.3 18.3 18.4 18.6 79.5 81.5 80.9 80.6 14.6 15.3 15.4 15.4
Ohio............... 234.8 235.2 234.9 235.2 1,308.5 1,318.1 1,316.5 1,318.9 287.0 290.5 291.9 291.5
Oklahoma........... 78.7 81.6 81.7 81.9 323.9 327.9 328.3 328.8 69.1 70.7 70.9 71.1
Oregon............. 74.6 74.7 75.6 75.5 376.8 387.0 386.5 388.6 94.9 96.7 96.5 96.9
Pennsylvania....... 278.6 280.4 281.5 280.9 1,214.2 1,224.1 1,227.9 1,229.6 312.4 318.5 319.3 319.5
Rhode Island....... 15.5 16.0 15.8 15.7 98.0 99.0 98.6 98.9 26.5 26.8 27.0 27.4
South Carolina..... 75.2 77.2 77.5 77.2 409.5 433.2 436.2 437.6 74.6 76.9 77.6 78.1
South Dakota....... 16.4 15.9 16.1 16.1 89.0 87.3 87.9 89.3 20.8 21.6 21.7 22.0
Tennessee.......... 150.7 152.4 153.3 151.4 607.4 620.1 624.6 621.1 120.2 123.2 122.7 122.9
Texas.............. 512.0 532.4 538.0 540.1 2,038.9 2,091.1 2,092.0 2,097.7 462.3 477.4 478.5 479.6
Utah............... 56.0 57.8 58.2 58.2 238.0 245.0 244.2 244.8 52.5 53.7 53.7 53.5
Vermont............ 12.1 12.5 12.6 12.4 65.2 65.4 65.2 65.5 12.2 12.1 12.2 12.3
Virginia........... 167.2 172.0 173.1 172.2 721.5 737.5 735.4 736.5 167.6 170.7 170.6 170.6
Washington......... 134.2 136.7 136.9 137.6 607.1 621.3 621.4 625.5 127.6 132.5 133.7 134.5
West Virginia...... 38.9 38.5 38.6 38.5 161.4 164.7 163.9 162.2 28.2 28.4 28.4 28.3
Wisconsin.......... 124.4 123.8 124.1 124.7 602.8 613.4 613.0 615.4 139.8 142.3 142.6 143.0
Wyoming............ 13.9 13.9 13.9 14.0 52.6 52.3 52.4 52.3 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.3
Services Government
May Mar. April May May Mar. April May
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama............ 426.7 438.0 437.8 438.9 345.8 346.3 345.2 345.4
Alaska............. 65.5 67.1 67.4 67.8 73.1 73.2 73.6 72.9
Arizona............ 592.8 621.1 624.3 631.3 326.8 332.6 332.3 331.8
Arkansas........... 252.1 260.9 263.0 263.4 182.8 184.7 185.3 185.2
California......... 4,022.8 4,180.9 4,198.7 4,216.9 2,142.1 2,170.2 2,175.6 2,178.5
Colorado........... 593.7 609.8 609.0 614.7 313.8 318.0 318.3 319.3
Connecticut........ 493.6 505.4 509.3 508.8 224.5 226.8 226.2 225.1
Delaware........... 105.9 111.0 110.9 112.2 53.1 53.7 54.1 54.8
District of
Columbia........ 263.7 267.5 265.7 266.2 233.7 227.2 228.8 228.8
Florida............ 2,247.4 2,363.5 2,370.1 2,389.5 941.7 951.3 949.1 954.5
Georgia............ 930.9 982.8 983.4 985.8 575.9 587.1 588.0 590.2
Hawaii(2).......... 168.6 169.7 170.3 169.6 110.7 111.3 111.4 112.1
Idaho.............. 121.4 121.5 121.2 121.7 99.0 102.1 102.1 100.9
Illinois........... 1,680.9 1,717.1 1,722.6 1,732.9 806.5 803.4 804.1 803.8
Indiana............ 680.0 693.1 699.4 702.4 393.4 389.9 391.4 397.3
Iowa............... 365.0 373.9 376.6 376.4 234.1 237.5 238.6 237.6
Kansas............. 315.2 326.9 329.5 329.0 236.7 239.7 236.8 241.2
Kentucky........... 422.2 434.5 437.5 441.7 290.8 294.3 293.1 292.8
Louisiana.......... 494.7 511.0 511.6 512.0 362.7 367.0 367.4 367.9
Maine.............. 156.3 162.0 162.4 163.1 92.6 92.5 92.1 91.4
Maryland........... 752.1 763.7 762.3 764.8 417.0 419.8 420.3 419.9
Massachusetts...... 1,104.4 1,133.6 1,140.3 1,147.5 404.4 407.7 408.8 409.7
Michigan........... 1,215.7 1,246.3 1,247.9 1,259.3 657.3 652.3 655.5 657.8
Minnesota.......... 698.3 716.3 718.2 723.9 377.8 382.6 380.2 380.7
Mississippi........ 256.9 263.7 263.8 266.4 217.7 220.7 221.3 221.4
Missouri........... 734.4 740.7 742.1 750.3 414.3 415.3 416.5 419.6
Montana............ 104.8 107.0 107.1 107.7 76.7 77.6 77.8 78.8
Nebraska........... 227.7 235.6 236.1 237.8 151.6 152.7 153.3 151.5
Nevada............. 379.6 390.0 392.2 392.5 105.8 109.3 110.5 109.5
New Hampshire...... 165.4 164.0 164.2 165.1 78.9 77.9 79.5 79.3
New Jersey......... 1,164.7 1,203.7 1,206.3 1,211.9 569.1 568.4 566.6 567.5
New Mexico......... 194.3 197.7 197.7 198.5 177.3 179.1 177.6 177.0
New York........... 2,685.5 2,759.4 2,769.0 2,775.8 1,375.5 1,371.4 1,368.0 1,372.6
North Carolina..... 861.3 905.4 909.5 914.6 573.8 592.3 594.5 598.5
North Dakota....... 86.5 89.0 89.1 89.9 71.1 70.9 70.9 70.4
Ohio............... 1,468.3 1,500.5 1,501.6 1,510.1 758.1 761.7 762.7 766.0
Oklahoma........... 377.5 386.2 389.7 395.0 275.1 280.4 280.1 281.0
Oregon............. 401.0 412.7 414.7 415.2 249.2 256.3 256.3 256.9
Pennsylvania....... 1,700.7 1,732.6 1,733.4 1,734.3 716.9 711.2 712.6 712.3
Rhode Island....... 151.2 151.6 152.2 152.9 63.3 64.7 65.8 66.0
South Carolina..... 391.3 413.0 415.4 416.3 299.0 304.2 304.1 303.8
South Dakota....... 92.3 94.5 95.0 95.7 70.0 70.7 70.5 70.3
Tennessee.......... 683.3 700.4 696.6 697.9 380.5 385.4 385.1 385.7
Texas.............. 2,375.9 2,479.6 2,492.8 2,501.6 1,479.6 1,502.0 1,507.7 1,508.8
Utah............... 267.4 279.1 278.7 279.8 171.4 177.5 178.2 178.0
Vermont............ 83.5 84.4 84.8 85.9 45.6 45.4 45.4 44.8
Virginia........... 965.9 1,014.7 1,018.1 1,026.1 595.6 597.2 597.8 599.9
Washington......... 675.6 698.8 704.6 709.0 455.9 457.0 459.5 457.4
West Virginia...... 197.3 203.7 202.7 202.8 139.0 139.9 139.8 151.0
Wisconsin.......... 673.0 693.6 696.0 701.1 386.7 390.0 392.5 390.6
Wyoming............ 49.1 48.8 48.7 49.6 57.7 57.3 57.5 57.8
1 Includes mining, not shown separately.
2 Mining is combined with construction.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to
reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be
revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Total(1) Construction Manufacturing
State April May April May April May
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama............ 1,862.1 1,882.0 1,870.8 1,887.4 97.1 98.9 98.4 100.4 380.1 376.4 381.1 376.4
Alaska............. 261.5 266.4 272.6 276.1 10.7 10.8 13.2 13.2 15.6 15.2 15.1 14.5
Arizona............ 1,971.7 2,063.2 1,979.0 2,068.2 127.9 132.4 130.1 134.2 202.9 214.4 204.5 215.1
Arkansas........... 1,101.5 1,123.8 1,107.8 1,130.7 46.9 48.3 48.4 49.7 252.4 254.8 253.2 255.0
California......... 13056.1 13486.9 13158.0 13570.0 531.2 579.5 546.1 590.6 1,890.1 1,934.2 1,904.0 1,939.1
Colorado........... 1,956.7 2,023.3 1,965.1 2,023.3 113.7 124.2 119.3 126.9 200.3 207.1 201.6 207.2
Connecticut........ 1,603.7 1,636.3 1,615.4 1,646.3 54.4 57.0 57.3 59.5 275.6 276.8 276.1 276.5
Delaware........... 382.8 396.7 387.4 401.9 21.0 21.7 21.3 22.0 57.1 58.8 57.5 59.2
District of
Columbia........ 613.7 608.8 612.3 609.0 8.9 8.6 8.8 8.7 12.5 12.7 12.6 12.8
Florida............ 6,407.0 6,659.9 6,426.8 6,673.9 326.9 342.3 329.7 345.8 490.5 490.3 491.5 492.0
Georgia............ 3,578.1 3,708.0 3,603.6 3,730.3 166.3 176.9 168.5 181.3 587.3 589.4 588.9 590.8
Hawaii(2).......... 532.0 529.9 533.7 529.8 21.9 21.4 22.0 21.3 16.6 16.2 16.6 16.1
Idaho.............. 501.8 512.3 508.6 517.2 30.3 31.5 32.4 33.0 72.7 74.6 72.9 75.4
Illinois........... 5,723.4 5,837.2 5,795.4 5,886.0 226.4 231.8 239.0 241.9 968.9 980.8 972.4 981.7
Indiana............ 2,857.7 2,888.4 2,886.0 2,916.5 138.3 139.4 143.8 145.9 675.5 679.7 678.7 682.3
Iowa............... 1,400.9 1,438.4 1,421.8 1,453.9 56.9 59.8 62.6 64.3 251.0 257.6 253.0 258.4
Kansas............. 1,266.0 1,306.0 1,279.2 1,314.3 57.4 59.5 60.8 62.1 204.5 211.2 205.1 211.8
Kentucky........... 1,708.3 1,743.8 1,720.5 1,759.9 80.0 84.1 82.5 86.9 314.5 314.4 314.1 316.2
Louisiana.......... 1,839.2 1,881.2 1,850.6 1,887.9 114.3 117.9 116.3 120.0 188.4 189.3 191.9 190.5
Maine.............. 537.3 549.5 550.7 561.1 20.9 21.5 23.8 24.5 85.8 85.9 86.9 86.2
Maryland........... 2,248.9 2,270.7 2,273.6 2,286.9 136.6 135.2 139.6 135.0 175.8 176.0 176.5 176.5
Massachusetts...... 3,085.1 3,184.8 3,119.5 3,214.6 93.8 103.0 100.4 108.3 444.8 453.9 446.7 454.6
Michigan........... 4,416.9 4,509.7 4,483.8 4,551.9 169.5 179.0 184.1 192.3 963.3 978.6 970.0 978.2
Minnesota.......... 2,451.6 2,518.8 2,497.6 2,559.8 82.8 89.4 95.7 101.5 427.5 438.1 430.4 440.0
Mississippi........ 1,103.0 1,121.5 1,111.8 1,124.2 49.5 51.9 51.4 52.9 241.3 241.5 243.2 241.8
Missouri........... 2,637.3 2,676.7 2,658.7 2,697.2 118.9 121.8 123.0 124.8 417.6 421.2 418.4 420.4
Montana............ 359.2 366.6 367.7 374.5 15.7 16.7 18.0 18.1 23.2 23.8 23.7 24.4
Nebraska........... 847.5 875.9 857.7 882.9 36.6 39.8 39.0 41.7 115.0 118.8 114.3 118.8
Nevada............. 878.2 918.9 887.8 924.4 79.4 86.0 81.7 87.8 40.0 42.3 40.4 42.5
New Hampshire...... 559.2 568.6 569.8 573.6 19.7 21.4 21.7 22.3 106.3 108.5 106.8 108.0
New Jersey......... 3,686.5 3,765.7 3,727.0 3,801.6 127.8 133.3 132.9 137.2 479.9 481.0 481.4 481.6
New Mexico......... 702.6 713.9 710.2 720.2 41.9 42.3 43.2 43.5 45.0 44.7 45.5 44.9
New York........... 7,973.4 8,098.0 8,051.6 8,175.5 250.3 259.7 265.0 275.4 915.2 915.6 920.5 917.7
North Carolina..... 3,639.2 3,738.5 3,669.3 3,756.6 201.8 208.2 204.5 211.8 829.4 827.1 831.5 826.5
North Dakota....... 310.3 316.7 315.9 321.0 12.6 13.8 15.7 16.0 22.8 23.7 23.0 24.0
Ohio............... 5,355.1 5,435.0 5,426.1 5,495.6 216.0 224.5 227.7 236.2 1,087.2 1,093.5 1,091.9 1,091.2
Oklahoma........... 1,379.7 1,419.3 1,393.1 1,432.3 49.4 51.9 50.4 53.2 176.0 184.3 177.2 185.2
Oregon............. 1,508.8 1,555.2 1,526.3 1,567.3 77.9 80.8 80.8 81.0 237.7 242.7 241.3 244.3
Pennsylvania....... 5,383.4 5,458.1 5,425.0 5,488.6 207.6 214.3 216.1 224.1 930.1 934.6 935.9 934.3
Rhode Island....... 446.1 451.9 453.0 458.6 13.7 16.1 14.8 17.2 79.9 78.7 80.3 78.9
South Carolina..... 1,715.2 1,786.5 1,729.6 1,800.7 98.9 107.6 99.2 109.0 361.9 363.2 363.6 363.8
South Dakota....... 349.6 355.3 359.8 363.0 13.4 15.1 15.7 16.5 49.0 48.8 49.6 48.9
Tennessee.......... 2,577.0 2,623.5 2,590.1 2,628.1 116.5 119.0 117.3 121.6 517.8 517.6 517.5 517.1
Texas.............. 8,528.2 8,840.3 8,595.1 8,888.2 448.7 475.7 458.5 483.4 1,072.1 1,093.3 1,078.2 1,096.7
Utah............... 985.3 1,020.5 992.2 1,025.7 61.8 65.5 65.4 68.5 131.7 134.6 132.5 134.5
Vermont............ 275.0 279.2 276.7 280.2 11.2 11.2 12.9 12.8 45.8 47.4 46.4 47.6
Virginia........... 3,204.8 3,305.4 3,227.4 3,325.0 181.9 190.9 186.2 195.5 402.4 405.7 402.9 404.2
Washington......... 2,486.1 2,565.9 2,518.8 2,594.1 131.3 136.1 135.6 140.6 362.4 374.8 366.7 377.5
West Virginia...... 702.9 713.7 710.6 730.7 34.1 34.3 35.3 35.0 81.4 82.8 81.5 82.8
Wisconsin.......... 2,616.3 2,687.9 2,656.9 2,717.6 101.2 105.0 111.7 114.2 599.0 615.2 605.4 616.5
Wyoming............ 217.2 217.6 226.9 227.0 13.5 13.8 15.8 16.1 10.3 10.7 10.5 10.7
Puerto Rico........ 978.9 956.3 980.9 958.6 56.0 53.8 55.9 54.4 153.1 144.2 149.6 143.5
Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real
utilities estate
April May April May April May
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama............ 91.0 91.3 91.1 91.5 423.4 430.4 426.7 432.9 83.6 85.5 84.1 86.2
Alaska............. 22.9 24.0 24.7 25.8 53.0 54.0 56.6 57.5 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.3
Arizona............ 95.5 97.6 96.2 98.4 480.0 500.3 479.1 500.6 125.3 133.3 125.7 133.9
Arkansas........... 64.7 67.2 65.2 67.5 251.1 254.2 253.5 257.1 43.9 44.6 44.1 44.9
California......... 653.7 673.3 661.0 677.2 3,011.6 3,085.0 3,040.7 3,110.3 749.4 775.3 755.0 779.3
Colorado........... 122.5 122.4 122.0 122.6 473.8 488.8 473.7 488.3 125.4 131.2 125.9 130.8
Connecticut........ 74.8 75.8 75.1 76.9 345.6 352.7 351.5 357.8 130.4 134.2 131.6 135.1
Delaware........... 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.8 83.4 85.0 85.6 87.2 46.1 49.4 46.4 49.7
District of
Columbia........ 17.6 17.0 17.7 17.1 47.6 48.1 48.0 48.7 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.4
Florida............ 326.2 337.9 327.0 338.9 1,644.3 1,695.3 1,646.0 1,693.6 406.7 424.5 408.8 426.7
Georgia............ 227.4 237.7 229.1 238.8 899.0 928.0 906.7 934.5 184.3 193.7 185.5 194.5
Hawaii(2).......... 41.3 40.4 41.4 40.3 133.7 131.8 133.9 131.8 36.0 35.2 36.1 35.0
Idaho.............. 23.5 24.1 23.9 24.3 126.9 128.5 128.9 130.4 25.0 26.2 25.2 26.4
Illinois........... 335.4 342.6 337.5 345.2 1,303.5 1,323.6 1,321.9 1,338.3 393.4 406.8 396.6 408.8
Indiana............ 140.5 141.9 141.4 142.8 674.8 677.8 685.0 687.6 137.5 140.0 138.6 141.2
Iowa............... 65.6 67.8 66.0 68.3 340.9 347.0 348.4 352.7 78.3 81.1 79.0 81.8
Kansas............. 72.0 73.8 72.6 74.5 304.6 316.3 308.8 319.1 61.1 61.1 61.3 61.1
Kentucky........... 97.0 100.8 97.2 101.5 405.2 413.9 410.0 419.0 68.6 70.8 69.0 71.0
Louisiana.......... 109.3 112.7 110.0 113.4 426.4 434.5 428.0 437.0 85.2 86.6 85.4 86.7
Maine.............. 22.5 23.2 22.9 23.8 131.7 134.3 137.5 139.4 27.8 30.0 28.1 30.3
Maryland........... 106.9 104.8 107.8 106.0 527.1 531.3 536.5 538.5 129.7 131.5 130.0 131.9
Massachusetts...... 132.6 137.7 134.4 138.2 690.2 715.5 703.1 728.1 210.2 215.0 211.4 216.3
Michigan........... 171.1 173.5 173.4 177.1 1,021.3 1,043.2 1,046.4 1,068.1 205.6 208.1 206.5 187.8
Minnesota.......... 122.7 125.5 124.4 126.8 588.2 600.5 600.1 610.7 145.3 150.3 145.2 151.1
Mississippi........ 52.4 53.3 52.8 53.2 235.5 239.1 237.2 239.4 41.5 41.4 41.8 41.5
Missouri........... 164.6 166.4 166.1 166.6 617.8 627.5 625.5 634.9 153.9 156.3 154.1 157.4
Montana............ 20.8 21.3 21.2 21.5 96.0 97.2 99.1 99.6 16.2 16.7 16.3 16.9
Nebraska........... 53.1 55.2 54.0 55.2 206.4 213.2 210.2 214.8 53.7 56.8 54.1 57.0
Nevada............. 44.7 46.8 45.3 47.2 175.5 184.7 177.7 186.4 39.3 41.8 39.8 42.1
New Hampshire...... 19.2 19.4 19.7 19.6 142.2 146.2 146.6 148.4 29.0 29.6 29.3 29.6
New Jersey......... 256.8 261.4 257.9 263.7 852.7 867.7 867.8 885.1 235.6 241.7 237.8 243.7
New Mexico......... 31.9 33.0 32.2 33.4 165.3 168.6 167.4 171.7 31.3 31.4 31.4 31.6
New York........... 406.7 408.7 410.5 412.1 1,604.5 1,629.5 1,632.2 1,656.9 714.2 722.5 717.6 725.8
North Carolina..... 169.9 169.4 170.7 169.4 828.7 840.4 840.7 846.4 164.6 172.7 166.2 173.4
North Dakota....... 18.1 18.3 18.2 18.5 79.9 80.3 80.5 81.2 14.5 15.4 14.6 15.4
Ohio............... 232.8 233.5 235.1 235.6 1,292.2 1,304.2 1,311.6 1,322.7 285.3 290.8 287.1 291.5
Oklahoma........... 78.1 81.3 78.7 81.9 321.3 325.9 324.6 329.2 68.9 70.8 69.3 71.1
Oregon............. 74.4 75.5 74.1 75.3 368.7 381.4 374.0 385.3 94.5 96.2 95.0 97.0
Pennsylvania....... 277.8 280.9 279.7 283.1 1,199.0 1,217.4 1,217.5 1,232.3 310.3 317.7 312.4 319.5
Rhode Island....... 15.2 15.7 15.5 15.8 95.9 96.2 98.2 98.3 26.4 27.0 26.5 27.6
South Carolina..... 75.0 76.8 75.3 77.4 407.5 434.8 413.8 441.1 74.1 77.5 74.8 78.4
South Dakota....... 16.2 16.0 16.5 16.1 86.5 86.8 89.4 89.8 20.6 21.8 20.8 22.0
Tennessee.......... 148.6 152.2 150.6 151.1 604.3 617.3 607.0 618.4 119.2 122.7 120.1 123.1
Texas.............. 506.8 534.8 511.2 537.9 2,018.7 2,079.6 2,037.0 2,092.7 458.5 476.8 462.4 479.2
Utah............... 55.9 57.7 55.8 57.8 233.9 240.7 236.9 243.4 52.3 53.6 52.4 53.7
Vermont............ 12.1 12.4 12.2 12.5 63.4 64.0 64.3 65.1 12.1 12.1 12.2 12.2
Virginia........... 165.1 171.5 166.5 171.8 711.4 728.0 719.9 736.0 166.1 169.8 167.5 170.5
Washington......... 132.5 135.8 133.9 136.8 593.8 612.2 604.9 622.2 126.8 133.3 127.6 134.1
West Virginia...... 38.7 38.5 38.9 38.7 159.4 162.6 162.0 163.7 28.1 28.4 28.3 28.5
Wisconsin.......... 123.8 124.0 125.7 126.4 590.0 603.8 602.9 615.4 139.3 142.4 139.6 143.1
Wyoming............ 13.7 13.7 13.8 13.9 50.7 50.2 52.5 52.0 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.3
Puerto Rico........ 27.6 25.9 26.2 25.7 195.0 193.6 197.0 196.1 46.3 45.9 46.3 46.0
Services Government
April May April May
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama............ 426.2 439.1 427.2 438.9 350.3 350.5 351.7 351.3
Alaska............. 63.1 65.2 66.5 68.4 74.9 75.0 74.4 74.1
Arizona............ 592.2 628.7 595.1 631.3 334.6 343.1 334.9 341.3
Arkansas........... 252.4 261.9 254.0 263.9 186.6 189.2 185.8 189.0
California......... 4,018.2 4,202.9 4,039.6 4,225.3 2,172.7 2,208.2 2,182.3 2,219.5
Colorado........... 588.8 611.4 587.7 607.3 318.7 324.3 321.2 326.3
Connecticut........ 492.3 508.3 495.1 511.3 229.9 230.7 227.9 228.4
Delaware........... 105.5 110.8 106.4 112.4 54.0 55.2 54.3 55.5
District of
Columbia........ 265.1 267.3 263.3 266.7 233.6 226.7 233.5 226.5
Florida............ 2,248.8 2,391.4 2,259.2 2,399.1 957.1 971.5 958.0 971.1
Georgia............ 926.1 981.4 934.5 987.8 579.6 592.7 582.3 594.3
Hawaii(2).......... 168.5 170.1 168.3 169.4 114.0 114.8 115.4 115.9
Idaho.............. 119.8 121.0 121.1 121.5 100.5 103.4 101.0 103.0
Illinois........... 1,667.8 1,719.2 1,688.1 1,734.6 816.1 821.0 828.3 823.9
Indiana............ 681.7 701.5 689.4 704.5 402.6 401.6 402.2 405.6
Iowa............... 366.7 379.4 369.3 381.2 239.4 243.6 241.3 245.0
Kansas............. 314.8 330.1 317.8 329.9 243.3 245.8 244.6 247.7
Kentucky........... 421.1 438.4 426.0 443.5 298.9 299.1 298.6 299.6
Louisiana.......... 495.7 512.1 499.3 513.5 367.8 372.5 366.5 371.3
Maine.............. 152.1 159.1 156.1 162.8 96.4 95.4 95.3 94.0
Maryland........... 748.4 763.8 758.3 770.2 423.1 426.8 423.6 427.5
Massachusetts...... 1,102.2 1,142.4 1,110.3 1,150.4 410.0 415.9 411.9 417.3
Michigan........... 1,209.0 1,247.9 1,226.3 1,266.9 669.5 671.9 669.1 673.6
Minnesota.......... 690.3 716.9 703.3 728.1 387.1 390.5 390.3 393.6
Mississippi........ 256.2 264.8 258.5 266.1 220.9 223.5 220.7 223.3
Missouri........... 735.2 748.0 742.0 755.6 424.5 430.7 424.8 432.6
Montana............ 103.0 105.7 104.6 107.8 79.1 80.1 79.2 80.9
Nebraska........... 227.4 237.0 228.7 239.0 154.1 153.8 156.1 155.1
Nevada............. 377.4 391.2 380.5 393.1 107.3 112.5 107.8 111.7
New Hampshire...... 160.8 161.4 164.8 164.1 81.6 81.7 80.4 81.1
New Jersey......... 1,156.0 1,203.0 1,172.8 1,215.8 575.8 575.7 574.4 572.6
New Mexico......... 192.7 197.5 194.8 198.7 178.9 181.0 180.1 180.9
New York........... 2,685.0 2,769.0 2,701.3 2,789.7 1,393.2 1,388.5 1,399.8 1,393.2
North Carolina..... 853.7 906.8 867.8 914.6 587.1 610.0 583.9 610.5
North Dakota....... 86.4 89.0 86.8 89.9 72.1 72.2 72.8 71.9
Ohio............... 1,460.0 1,500.3 1,481.5 1,520.6 768.5 774.9 777.7 784.4
Oklahoma........... 375.6 389.5 380.1 394.7 279.0 284.1 281.2 285.2
Oregon............. 397.9 415.1 401.6 416.4 255.9 261.7 257.7 266.2
Pennsylvania....... 1,705.2 1,745.5 1,710.9 1,749.9 733.3 727.6 732.0 725.1
Rhode Island....... 150.4 151.6 152.9 153.7 64.4 66.4 64.6 66.9
South Carolina..... 392.6 416.2 397.4 420.9 303.3 308.5 303.6 308.2
South Dakota....... 90.2 93.5 93.1 95.7 71.6 71.6 72.4 72.3
Tennessee.......... 678.8 696.5 687.2 700.9 387.3 393.7 385.8 391.4
Texas.............. 2,361.0 2,487.3 2,384.4 2,506.3 1,499.8 1,525.5 1,499.3 1,524.6
Utah............... 265.6 278.1 263.7 276.4 175.9 182.1 177.1 183.2
Vermont............ 81.9 83.9 80.5 82.5 47.9 47.7 47.6 46.9
Virginia........... 959.5 1,019.3 970.4 1,030.7 607.2 609.2 602.7 605.3
Washington......... 672.1 703.9 680.4 711.1 463.8 466.4 466.2 468.4
West Virginia...... 196.5 203.5 198.7 205.2 140.0 140.5 141.2 153.6
Wisconsin.......... 664.9 691.8 674.0 699.0 395.7 403.5 394.7 400.4
Wyoming............ 45.8 45.7 49.1 49.1 59.2 58.8 60.7 60.1
Puerto Rico........ 195.2 192.1 194.9 192.4 304.5 299.7 309.9 299.4
1 Includes mining, not shown separately.
2 Mining is combined with construction.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to
reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be
revised when new information becomes available.