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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov:80/newsrels.htm Technical information USDL 97-101 (Replaces USDL Employment (202) 606-6559 97-77, issued on March 13) Unemployment 606-6392 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Media contact: 606-5902 Tuesday, March 25, 1997 CORRECTED STATE AND METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: JANUARY 1997 Unemployment rates for most states showed little movement in January, as 32 states reported changes of 0.3 percentage point or less in either direction from December, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The national jobless rate was essentially unchanged at 5.4 percent. Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 21 states in January. State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) In January, Nebraska had the lowest unemployment rate in the nation, 2.5 percent. Indiana recorded the next lowest rate, 3.0 percent, followed closely by North Dakota and South Dakota (both 3.1 percent) and New Hampshire and Utah (both 3.2 percent). Seven other states reported rates below 4.0 percent. The District of Columbia had the highest jobless rate (7.8 percent), followed by Alaska (7.5 percent) and West Virginia (7.1 percent). Thirty-seven states registered unemployment rates below the U.S. average of 5.4 percent, while 12 states and the District of Columbia had rates that were higher. Forty-one states and the District of Columbia had unemployment rate declines over the month, 5 states recorded increases, and 4 states had no change. New Mexico had the largest drop in its rate--1.6 percentage points--in January, followed by Washington, with a 1.0 point reduction. Twelve other states and the District of Columbia reported rate declines of one-half percentage point or more. The unemployment rates in Indiana (3.0 percent) and Louisiana (5.7 percent) were at record lows for the series (which began in 1978); in addition, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia experienced their lowest rates in at least 15 years. No state registered an increase greater than 0.1 percentage point. Compared with a year earlier, jobless rates were lower in 41 states and the District of Columbia, higher in 3 states, and unchanged in 6 states. Indiana had the largest over-the-year decrease, 1.6 percentage points, followed by Pennsylvania (1.4 points), Alabama (1.3 points), Washington (1.2 points), and Maryland and West Virginia (each 1.1 points). Twenty-one additional states and the District of Columbia showed declines of one-half percentage point or more. No state had a rate increase greater than 0.2 percentage point over the year. Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted) Nonfarm payroll employment rose in 21 states in January. Idaho and Maine reported the largest percentage increase (each 0.8 percent), followed by Hawaii (0.6 percent) and Vermont (0.5 percent). North Carolina added the most jobs over the month (16,200), while Florida (13,900) and ----------------------------------------------------------This release replaces USDL 97-77, issued on March 13, to | correct for minor errors that were subsequently found in | the data in tables 1 and 2 for Arizona, Indiana, Nebraska,| North Carolina, North Dakota, and Utah. Revised seasonally| adjusted data for Puerto Rico are not available. | ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | - 2 California (10,900) also had sizable increases. The District of Columbia reported the largest percentage decline (-0.5 percent), followed by Georgia, Missouri, and Rhode Island (each -0.4 percent). (See table 3.) Over the year, nonfarm employment increased in every state. California led the nation in over-the-year job growth (364,300), followed by Florida (213,600) and Texas (184,600). Nevada (7.5 percent), Arizona (4.6 percent), and Utah (4.5 percent) led the nation in growth rates. Only the District of Columbia lost jobs over the past year. NOTE: Monthly payroll employment data are provided on a seasonally adjusted basis for all states and the District of Columbia, permitting both current and over-the-year comparisons of the data. The state data are intended for individual state analyses only. Because the state data are not designed for national aggregation, a summation could present a misleading picture of national trends. (See Technical Note.) Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted) Of the 272 areas for which January data were available, 86 had unemployment rates below 4.0 percent, while 45 had rates of 7.0 percent or higher. The lowest rates were in Madison, Wis. (2.0 percent), and Lincoln, Neb., and Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, N.C. (both 2.3 percent). Seventeen other areas had rates below 3.0 percent. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex., had the highest unemployment rate in January, at 20.9 percent, followed by three areas in California--Salinas, 18.4 percent, Fresno, 16.2 percent, and Modesto, 15.6 percent. Among the areas for which over-the-year comparisons can be made, Danville, Va., and Laredo, Tex. (both 3.9 percentage points), had the largest rate declines. Sixty-eight other areas posted rate decreases of 1.0 percentage point or more. Four areas had rate increases as large as 0.7 percentage point--Brazoria, Tex., Fayetteville-SpringdaleRogers, Ark., New York, N.Y., and Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va. Rates in five other areas were up by one-half percentage point or more. (See table 5.) -----------------------------------------------------------------| Effective with this release, labor force estimates for all | |states, the District of Columbia, Los Angeles-Long Beach, and | |New York City have been revised to incorporate updated population | |controls, revised seasonal adjustment factors, reestimation of | |models, and benchmarking to Current Population Survey (CPS) | |annual averages (tables 1, 2, and 5). Seasonally adjusted | |data back to 1990 are subject to revision. | | Also effective with this release, all nonfarm payroll | |employment estimates for states and areas (tables 3 and 4) | |have been adjusted to March 1996 benchmark levels, and 5 | |years of seasonally adjusted data for states are subject | |to revision. | -----------------------------------------------------------------_________________________ The State and Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for February 1997 is scheduled to be issued on Tuesday, April 1, 1997. Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for states and selected metropolitan areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1, 2, and 5). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES are both Federal-State cooperative programs. Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. For all other sub-state areas, estimates are prepared through indirect estimation procedures. Both methods utilize data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the 2 large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual averages, usually effective with January estimates. The state data will not necessarily sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los Angeles-Long Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently adjusted levels. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar year, usually coincident with January estimates. - 2 Employment--from the CES program Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, except for Federal Government employment, which represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal product or activity in accordance with Standard Industrial Classification Manual. the 1987 Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios. Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the monthto-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments. for major years Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because each state series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure. Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data are also subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the differences, however, are generally insignificant. tables; Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error, in the form of the standard errors for state annual average estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Error measures cannot be computed for sub-state areas because of the special estimation processes used. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings. - 3 Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request. Additional information More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-2168). Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of various Federal economic assistance programs are provided in the report, Unemployment in States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in microfiche form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office for $23.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is 029-001-81003-2. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted Unemployed Civilian labor force State and Area Number Percent of labor force Jan. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Jan. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Jan. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. Jan. 1996 1997p Alabama................ Alaska................. Arizona................ Arkansas............... California............. Los Angeles-Long Beach............. Colorado............... Connecticut............ Delaware............... District of Columbia... Florida................ 2,073.0 310.4 2,243.2 1,228.1 15,495.7 2,097.3 319.9 2,262.3 1,239.6 15,684.6 2,096.7 320.9 2,262.5 1,239.7 15,665.0 2,087.9 320.5 2,291.1 1,242.0 15,751.7 118.3 24.5 114.3 63.0 1,177.8 97.3 25.1 125.7 68.2 1,089.8 94.1 25.5 122.9 66.5 1,066.6 91.1 24.0 116.9 66.3 1,066.2 5.7 7.9 5.1 5.1 7.6 4.6 7.8 5.6 5.5 6.9 4.5 7.9 5.4 5.4 6.8 4.4 7.5 5.1 5.3 6.8 4,389.1 2,101.8 1,714.4 380.7 277.1 6,888.1 4,437.0 2,101.6 1,723.3 383.9 269.5 6,982.6 4,424.6 2,100.4 1,722.0 384.4 270.0 6,997.1 4,448.4 2,128.2 1,735.4 393.1 267.6 7,092.2 363.1 88.5 102.8 19.7 23.8 368.8 352.9 85.8 99.3 20.5 22.0 343.6 343.1 84.5 99.0 20.2 22.7 340.9 331.3 78.6 89.4 19.5 20.9 339.5 8.3 4.2 6.0 5.2 8.6 5.4 8.0 4.1 5.8 5.3 8.2 4.9 7.8 4.0 5.7 5.3 8.4 4.9 7.4 3.7 5.1 5.0 7.8 4.8 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,681.8 583.7 608.0 6,080.8 3,094.0 1,580.8 1,332.4 1,862.2 1,967.9 658.6 3,798.0 596.6 628.5 6,114.2 3,058.5 1,605.1 1,348.3 1,876.1 2,016.8 674.0 3,803.6 596.0 631.1 6,126.8 3,048.1 1,610.0 1,347.2 1,880.1 2,023.7 674.7 3,825.2 594.4 636.8 6,126.1 3,077.0 1,603.9 1,383.8 1,911.1 2,011.6 667.1 171.9 36.2 31.1 324.7 143.8 56.8 57.2 106.6 132.2 34.7 176.8 39.9 33.5 319.2 112.7 61.9 62.5 107.2 130.2 32.0 178.2 38.9 35.0 320.1 109.8 61.6 61.8 109.6 132.9 31.6 176.1 33.8 32.8 306.0 93.8 57.5 55.1 104.2 114.6 29.0 4.7 6.2 5.1 5.3 4.6 3.6 4.3 5.7 6.7 5.3 4.7 6.7 5.3 5.2 3.7 3.9 4.6 5.7 6.5 4.8 4.7 6.5 5.6 5.2 3.6 3.8 4.6 5.8 6.6 4.7 4.6 5.7 5.1 5.0 3.0 3.6 4.0 5.5 5.7 4.4 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,745.0 3,174.0 4,765.1 2,601.1 1,264.2 2,866.2 441.1 909.0 821.5 627.3 2,807.8 3,202.5 4,845.3 2,613.2 1,262.9 2,923.1 451.0 918.3 860.8 621.0 2,806.5 3,200.6 4,845.3 2,613.8 1,262.7 2,925.5 449.3 916.5 864.8 620.1 2,759.8 3,214.8 4,886.9 2,646.6 1,270.1 2,862.8 454.3 918.6 881.3 647.4 153.6 155.2 239.6 99.9 82.3 127.1 25.3 26.0 42.8 25.1 130.1 125.7 230.9 103.6 74.8 140.6 21.7 27.4 46.2 25.3 127.2 125.4 232.4 102.6 73.4 141.4 21.6 26.0 47.3 24.2 125.4 130.0 239.9 91.3 70.2 125.1 21.8 22.7 40.3 20.7 5.6 4.9 5.0 3.8 6.5 4.4 5.7 2.9 5.2 4.0 4.6 3.9 4.8 4.0 5.9 4.8 4.8 3.0 5.4 4.1 4.5 3.9 4.8 3.9 5.8 4.8 4.8 2.8 5.5 3.9 4.5 4.0 4.9 3.5 5.5 4.4 4.8 2.5 4.6 3.2 New Jersey............. 4,077.3 4,153.5 4,152.1 4,144.1 264.4 254.2 251.6 245.3 6.5 6.1 6.1 5.9 New Mexico............. New York............... New York City........ North Carolina......... North Dakota........... Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... 796.3 8,574.1 3,250.3 3,719.2 339.0 5,619.8 1,559.5 1,695.2 5,859.9 487.1 802.4 8,680.6 3,326.6 3,853.3 346.3 5,670.9 1,588.7 1,738.7 5,926.3 500.9 802.3 8,686.6 3,333.3 3,860.4 346.9 5,672.2 1,590.1 1,743.1 5,934.7 500.7 819.0 8,674.7 3,313.4 3,826.9 347.2 5,766.7 1,601.3 1,730.8 5,960.7 498.3 59.3 543.2 275.2 180.2 10.3 283.8 67.6 91.1 356.4 28.7 66.9 537.4 301.9 164.4 10.8 287.3 62.3 108.4 289.0 25.0 65.5 539.5 305.3 163.0 11.0 283.2 61.3 109.8 287.2 24.9 53.9 547.5 314.0 145.7 10.7 289.2 60.1 94.5 277.9 24.2 7.4 6.3 8.5 4.8 3.0 5.1 4.3 5.4 6.1 5.9 8.3 6.2 9.1 4.3 3.1 5.1 3.9 6.2 4.9 5.0 8.2 6.2 9.2 4.2 3.2 5.0 3.9 6.3 4.8 5.0 6.6 6.3 9.5 3.8 3.1 5.0 3.8 5.5 4.7 4.9 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,855.5 386.9 2,734.8 9,695.6 982.8 322.9 3,443.1 2,860.1 799.5 2,896.9 256.3 1,846.7 392.0 2,771.8 9,804.0 1,010.7 325.9 3,368.4 2,906.7 814.7 2,941.6 257.9 1,846.0 392.3 2,769.8 9,806.5 1,013.0 325.8 3,370.6 2,908.3 814.1 2,944.3 258.1 1,886.1 391.5 2,759.5 9,878.1 1,035.0 328.1 3,516.4 2,910.4 802.7 2,927.7 256.8 104.5 12.2 156.2 577.6 33.0 14.5 165.0 187.3 65.9 108.1 12.2 114.4 12.8 143.8 529.4 34.7 15.2 145.0 184.7 60.8 99.8 12.9 112.3 13.0 140.8 519.6 33.9 14.9 143.2 183.1 60.6 101.7 13.1 104.4 12.0 138.7 531.7 32.7 13.0 141.8 153.6 57.2 106.1 11.8 5.6 3.1 5.7 6.0 3.4 4.5 4.8 6.5 8.2 3.7 4.8 6.2 3.3 5.2 5.4 3.4 4.7 4.3 6.4 7.5 3.4 5.0 6.1 3.3 5.1 5.3 3.4 4.6 4.2 6.3 7.4 3.5 5.1 5.5 3.1 5.0 5.4 3.2 3.9 4.0 5.3 7.1 3.6 4.6 Puerto Rico............ (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Data have been revised to incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls, revised inputs to the regression models, and new seasonal adjustment factors. Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state, not seasonally adjusted Unemployed Civilian labor force State Number December 1995 1996 January 1996 1997p December 1995 1996 Percent of labor force January 1996 1997p December 1995 1996 January 1996 1997p Alabama................ Alaska................. Arizona................ Arkansas............... California............. Colorado............... Connecticut............ Delaware............... District of Columbia... Florida................ 2,077.9 304.2 2,238.5 1,216.4 15,412.8 2,104.0 1,701.3 380.8 276.9 6,877.6 2,100.0 316.8 2,258.3 1,228.2 15,578.7 2,098.6 1,708.4 384.1 267.9 6,982.2 2,057.3 305.3 2,214.7 1,201.3 15,398.7 2,069.5 1,692.6 378.0 272.8 6,782.4 2,071.8 315.1 2,261.6 1,215.6 15,652.7 2,095.1 1,713.6 390.3 263.2 6,981.6 109.3 24.9 102.9 60.3 1,115.2 81.6 93.7 15.9 23.1 338.8 80.1 26.5 112.7 65.7 979.0 76.5 94.6 18.3 21.1 313.8 119.1 30.0 109.2 69.2 1,262.3 97.2 113.9 22.1 24.2 387.6 91.4 29.6 111.3 72.8 1,149.6 86.9 100.5 21.8 21.3 357.2 5.3 8.2 4.6 5.0 7.2 3.9 5.5 4.2 8.4 4.9 3.8 8.4 5.0 5.3 6.3 3.6 5.5 4.8 7.9 4.5 5.8 9.8 4.9 5.8 8.2 4.7 6.7 5.8 8.9 5.7 4.4 9.4 4.9 6.0 7.3 4.1 5.9 5.6 8.1 5.1 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,683.0 581.0 604.4 6,071.5 3,097.2 1,569.3 1,331.3 1,860.6 1,938.0 648.2 3,817.6 595.0 628.0 6,118.2 3,032.2 1,602.5 1,343.5 1,877.7 1,995.1 665.3 3,634.7 584.3 601.0 6,015.5 3,043.0 1,566.1 1,322.9 1,834.9 1,940.0 648.5 3,775.1 595.0 629.8 6,059.2 3,025.8 1,589.3 1,373.9 1,883.2 1,983.9 656.2 162.3 30.5 33.4 306.4 139.6 55.9 52.3 94.5 121.5 33.9 166.9 33.9 36.5 305.5 105.7 61.3 56.4 101.5 122.4 29.7 162.3 36.8 39.2 364.3 157.1 69.5 66.0 120.6 152.6 42.5 166.2 34.4 40.9 343.9 106.9 70.3 63.8 117.9 135.0 36.7 4.4 5.2 5.5 5.0 4.5 3.6 3.9 5.1 6.3 5.2 4.4 5.7 5.8 5.0 3.5 3.8 4.2 5.4 6.1 4.5 4.5 6.3 6.5 6.1 5.2 4.4 5.0 6.6 7.9 6.5 4.4 5.8 6.5 5.7 3.5 4.4 4.6 6.3 6.8 5.6 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,723.7 3,178.3 4,743.1 2,580.0 1,261.0 2,859.7 434.2 899.3 817.2 628.3 2,785.1 3,195.9 4,828.1 2,591.6 1,261.4 2,923.5 443.1 907.7 863.0 618.6 2,706.0 3,147.9 4,698.7 2,567.0 1,253.3 2,831.2 434.4 897.8 812.6 621.7 2,720.6 3,187.2 4,816.8 2,612.1 1,259.3 2,827.5 447.5 907.4 872.2 641.5 129.4 146.2 215.3 93.2 67.1 120.2 27.4 24.1 41.3 23.6 117.9 112.0 206.4 95.1 60.9 136.8 23.2 24.2 45.2 23.0 159.6 176.9 266.9 119.3 86.4 144.2 29.9 31.1 47.1 28.4 131.4 151.7 267.3 110.4 74.4 142.1 26.3 27.8 44.5 23.9 4.8 4.6 4.5 3.6 5.3 4.2 6.3 2.7 5.1 3.8 4.2 3.5 4.3 3.7 4.8 4.7 5.2 2.7 5.2 3.7 5.9 5.6 5.7 4.6 6.9 5.1 6.9 3.5 5.8 4.6 4.8 4.8 5.5 4.2 5.9 5.0 5.9 3.1 5.1 3.7 New Jersey............. New Mexico............. New York............... North Carolina......... North Dakota........... Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... 4,088.4 792.3 8,538.0 3,688.0 331.5 5,615.7 1,545.2 1,663.8 5,863.5 489.3 4,151.6 798.4 8,660.0 3,840.9 340.4 5,666.1 1,579.5 1,721.4 5,929.9 501.5 4,033.1 788.7 8,514.1 3,650.7 327.8 5,530.7 1,540.4 1,659.0 5,777.8 486.6 4,100.0 811.5 8,614.7 3,753.6 336.0 5,673.8 1,581.6 1,694.3 5,878.1 497.4 249.0 52.2 512.4 151.8 11.2 271.5 64.3 85.8 312.9 28.5 238.1 61.1 508.6 146.5 11.7 273.3 59.6 106.3 257.9 23.2 284.0 62.9 591.3 198.8 12.5 328.4 78.6 106.0 391.9 33.5 265.1 57.4 595.7 164.5 13.0 333.2 71.2 109.3 313.7 29.0 6.1 6.6 6.0 4.1 3.4 4.8 4.2 5.2 5.3 5.8 5.7 7.7 5.9 3.8 3.4 4.8 3.8 6.2 4.3 4.6 7.0 8.0 6.9 5.4 3.8 5.9 5.1 6.4 6.8 6.9 6.5 7.1 6.9 4.4 3.9 5.9 4.5 6.5 5.3 5.8 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,831.7 378.5 2,711.6 9,699.1 980.4 322.0 3,422.4 2,842.1 795.0 2,858.3 254.0 1,816.5 384.2 2,755.1 9,816.5 1,014.4 325.4 3,335.8 2,900.9 814.7 2,921.4 255.8 1,816.2 376.3 2,685.1 9,621.8 972.4 319.6 3,405.3 2,859.5 789.4 2,845.8 251.3 1,846.6 380.9 2,709.5 9,800.2 1,024.1 324.5 3,476.0 2,910.3 792.5 2,877.0 251.7 90.0 11.7 121.2 543.4 29.0 13.1 144.8 189.8 60.6 92.8 12.2 100.0 12.7 118.0 483.5 29.7 13.8 135.0 186.7 60.9 88.5 13.2 106.9 14.5 171.9 625.0 34.2 18.1 180.8 213.9 74.1 124.8 15.1 106.8 14.4 154.5 575.3 33.9 16.2 155.4 180.1 65.5 123.1 14.7 4.9 3.1 4.5 5.6 3.0 4.1 4.2 6.7 7.6 3.2 4.8 5.5 3.3 4.3 4.9 2.9 4.2 4.0 6.4 7.5 3.0 5.1 5.9 3.9 6.4 6.5 3.5 5.7 5.3 7.5 9.4 4.4 6.0 5.8 3.8 5.7 5.9 3.3 5.0 4.5 6.2 8.3 4.3 5.8 Puerto Rico............ 1,278.8 1,299.2 1,269.7 1,301.8 160.2 131.8 175.9 164.3 12.5 10.1 13.9 12.6 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Data have been revised to incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls and revised inputs to the regression models. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State January Novemb- Decemb- January January Novemb- Decemb- January January Novemb- Decemb- January 1996 er er 1997p 1996 er er 1997p 1996 er er 1997p 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 1,815.8 262.1 1,850.7 1,080.6 12591.1 1,834.8 262.8 1,936.8 1,090.6 12931.2 1,836.5 263.0 1,937.1 1,092.7 12944.5 1,837.1 262.9 1,935.5 1,089.5 12955.4 91.6 12.5 124.4 45.4 503.5 96.5 12.6 129.0 48.1 528.8 96.5 12.8 129.2 48.3 527.4 97.8 387.6 381.4 381.5 381.5 12.6 16.9 16.2 16.0 16.2 126.1 198.4 200.9 200.7 201.7 47.5 257.0 252.3 252.3 251.1 534.8 1,825.7 1,870.0 1,871.5 1,870.2 Colorado........... 1,868.4 1,919.1 1,921.5 1,921.2 Connecticut........ 1,561.2 1,595.3 1,596.5 1,593.7 Delaware........... 365.7 380.3 382.1 381.4 District of Columbia........ 629.4 619.0 620.7 617.5 Florida............ 6,083.6 6,268.2 6,283.3 6,297.2 106.0 49.2 18.6 114.6 51.9 21.5 114.7 51.7 21.9 111.5 51.9 21.6 195.5 275.3 56.2 196.4 275.0 56.5 197.0 275.2 56.8 196.5 274.1 57.5 8.2 320.8 8.5 324.0 8.5 324.9 8.4 325.6 13.2 488.8 13.1 492.0 13.3 493.0 12.9 492.0 Georgia............ 3,463.8 3,558.8 3,571.0 3,556.2 161.7 164.8 165.8 164.2 582.8 588.1 587.9 588.1 Hawaii(2).......... 529.9 526.8 528.2 531.6 Idaho.............. 484.3 497.7 498.0 501.9 Illinois........... 5,639.7 5,704.5 5,714.4 5,695.3 Indiana............ 2,793.2 2,827.5 2,825.7 2,816.6 24.8 29.8 217.5 127.4 20.7 30.5 222.1 131.1 22.7 30.4 223.2 132.9 22.5 30.8 220.6 130.7 16.9 71.9 971.0 678.5 16.4 72.9 975.8 671.6 16.5 73.0 976.5 671.6 16.5 73.5 976.4 670.4 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 1,375.8 1,209.2 1,650.2 1,790.7 538.9 1,386.9 1,251.0 1,680.9 1,827.6 541.2 1,392.1 1,247.4 1,688.6 1,829.6 540.8 1,393.1 1,245.0 1,685.8 1,828.7 545.0 58.2 55.0 73.9 112.9 22.4 58.8 57.5 78.3 113.7 23.7 61.3 58.2 77.8 113.6 23.6 59.1 56.7 80.3 112.8 23.8 249.2 192.2 313.5 188.0 89.1 247.9 198.9 312.7 188.2 87.6 248.1 199.3 310.8 188.4 87.4 248.9 199.2 313.4 187.8 87.8 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,164.1 2,994.9 4,321.4 2,411.7 1,079.9 2,220.3 3,071.7 4,371.0 2,448.5 1,096.2 2,223.1 3,075.9 4,376.2 2,453.7 1,096.5 2,228.9 3,069.8 4,376.6 2,454.5 1,095.7 120.2 89.4 159.7 88.3 47.8 132.8 95.9 171.0 89.0 49.3 133.3 97.0 172.9 89.7 49.6 137.4 97.2 172.3 92.8 49.4 172.7 446.3 975.8 427.0 248.6 173.4 442.8 964.6 428.5 241.8 173.3 443.4 962.0 429.7 241.6 173.4 444.7 963.9 431.9 242.6 Missouri........... 2,548.2 2,584.3 2,592.8 2,581.5 Montana............ 355.0 362.9 360.6 359.7 Nebraska........... 827.2 843.0 843.4 847.0 Nevada............. 813.1 869.4 869.9 873.7 New Hampshire...... 548.4 565.6 566.6 566.1 112.2 16.3 35.8 68.7 19.9 118.4 17.8 37.0 80.4 21.5 120.5 17.5 37.1 80.0 21.6 116.8 16.8 37.5 80.4 21.1 421.5 23.8 113.3 38.0 103.4 412.0 23.9 114.7 39.5 104.8 410.6 23.7 114.8 39.5 105.0 410.9 23.7 114.5 39.5 105.0 New Jersey......... 3,592.6 3,665.9 3,668.7 3,678.3 New Mexico......... 687.6 698.2 700.6 699.5 New York........... 7,860.3 7,959.1 7,963.4 7,938.6 North Carolina..... 3,488.3 3,608.6 3,615.8 3,632.0 North Dakota....... 305.3 312.0 312.5 312.4 115.9 43.6 246.7 177.8 14.8 124.2 41.3 260.2 194.1 15.2 124.0 41.5 261.4 194.6 15.5 124.8 41.3 251.0 198.2 15.6 486.7 45.7 931.5 850.3 21.3 483.2 45.8 916.1 844.8 21.9 483.3 45.8 916.3 844.4 22.1 486.5 45.8 914.2 844.2 22.2 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 5,325.9 1,378.8 1,505.0 5,370.7 444.0 203.1 49.9 74.4 189.1 13.3 214.6 50.8 81.3 204.6 13.4 217.2 51.5 81.5 205.8 13.3 215.2 1,097.5 1,085.3 1,088.2 1,086.7 51.3 168.8 176.0 176.7 176.9 81.2 235.7 237.9 238.6 239.4 210.2 926.0 930.1 930.4 931.1 13.9 83.7 81.6 81.5 80.9 South Carolina..... 1,658.5 1,691.4 1,684.1 1,679.2 South Dakota....... 346.7 351.1 351.4 351.3 Tennessee.......... 2,516.4 2,551.4 2,556.2 2,555.7 Texas.............. 8,140.4 8,335.2 8,353.0 8,325.0 Utah............... 934.8 969.5 973.6 976.6 89.2 14.4 108.9 424.1 59.4 94.7 14.6 114.9 444.5 61.6 95.2 14.8 114.7 445.1 61.9 95.8 370.7 359.7 359.3 358.9 14.8 47.4 48.3 48.5 48.6 115.1 527.4 520.6 520.5 520.2 435.2 1,046.0 1,060.5 1,061.6 1,059.1 61.7 128.1 130.3 130.9 131.8 Vermont............ 273.8 276.2 275.9 277.2 Virginia........... 3,074.2 3,165.0 3,175.8 3,183.6 Washington......... 2,377.9 2,440.0 2,448.3 2,451.3 West Virginia...... 688.8 702.6 701.5 700.9 Wisconsin.......... 2,585.9 2,628.5 2,629.0 2,623.1 12.1 165.4 124.3 31.3 100.9 12.8 177.1 129.7 35.1 108.9 12.8 178.2 130.1 35.2 108.9 12.8 183.1 130.3 35.0 107.0 5,248.6 1,334.0 1,453.4 5,220.8 438.5 5,317.5 1,373.1 1,500.9 5,350.6 445.8 5,329.7 1,376.6 1,501.6 5,361.4 445.6 45.6 396.6 336.7 82.4 602.4 46.1 397.8 352.9 81.4 600.8 46.0 399.1 356.5 81.2 599.5 46.0 397.9 357.2 81.7 600.0 Wyoming............ 219.7 221.7 221.7 221.3 14.2 Transportation and public utilities 14.4 14.6 14.6 Trade 10.6 10.8 10.7 10.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate January Novemb- Decemb- January January Novemb- Decemb- January January Novemb- Decemb- January 1996 er er 1997p 1996 er er 1997p 1996 er er 1997p 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 1996 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 90.5 22.5 90.2 65.8 635.1 90.1 22.5 94.4 64.7 646.3 90.0 22.6 94.9 64.8 645.4 90.2 415.9 420.8 421.4 421.3 22.7 54.2 54.1 54.3 54.2 94.6 456.3 473.3 473.4 473.8 65.5 244.6 249.1 249.5 247.9 649.6 2,941.7 2,998.0 2,999.9 2,993.3 80.4 11.8 112.1 42.4 730.8 82.6 11.7 117.1 43.6 734.0 82.7 11.7 117.6 43.6 733.8 82.9 11.7 118.6 43.7 733.5 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 120.8 72.3 15.5 119.2 73.5 15.7 117.8 73.0 15.7 118.1 73.4 15.7 466.8 349.7 84.8 115.8 130.6 42.1 118.5 130.6 44.2 118.8 130.4 44.6 120.2 130.5 44.3 19.9 309.6 19.0 318.3 19.3 322.1 19.4 50.1 50.1 50.3 50.0 321.8 1,584.0 1,631.4 1,635.1 1,634.5 29.6 387.2 28.0 399.4 28.0 401.0 27.8 401.3 Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ 219.6 40.9 23.0 329.1 139.8 222.6 41.2 23.6 333.3 139.1 223.3 41.1 23.5 334.9 139.7 223.6 875.4 907.9 915.1 903.3 41.1 136.1 135.3 135.0 134.9 23.1 122.9 126.3 126.9 128.0 338.3 1,304.2 1,308.9 1,312.0 1,296.2 139.6 676.1 684.0 683.5 676.9 177.5 37.1 25.3 384.2 133.2 182.4 36.6 25.4 387.9 136.4 182.6 36.6 25.4 387.9 136.4 184.1 36.3 25.4 387.0 136.9 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 61.7 69.5 91.5 107.8 22.6 64.2 70.3 93.4 108.7 22.4 64.2 70.4 95.9 108.5 22.5 65.1 71.0 93.3 109.0 22.8 340.2 308.2 403.6 427.0 137.0 77.4 58.4 66.5 81.7 26.2 77.6 58.8 68.3 83.5 26.9 77.8 59.0 68.6 83.4 27.1 77.2 59.4 68.6 83.7 27.4 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... 105.5 128.1 168.2 106.4 131.6 167.8 105.8 131.8 168.7 107.6 521.5 532.4 533.7 530.7 130.9 687.3 706.0 706.3 704.6 168.2 1,020.8 1,033.5 1,037.1 1,032.2 127.6 205.0 198.8 128.7 212.5 202.4 128.6 213.1 203.2 128.5 211.9 202.4 459.3 343.0 82.8 342.3 300.1 397.3 417.9 136.8 470.5 349.1 85.3 340.6 306.4 401.5 427.4 135.5 470.5 349.9 85.5 340.7 306.9 405.2 428.7 134.1 Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 119.2 52.5 120.3 52.6 120.4 52.5 121.1 53.5 590.0 230.9 597.5 233.8 600.0 233.4 600.6 232.7 141.2 40.4 143.1 41.1 143.5 41.2 143.3 41.1 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 158.4 20.9 50.0 41.7 19.4 161.9 20.7 50.7 43.0 19.7 162.1 20.3 50.4 43.2 19.8 162.7 20.6 51.0 43.3 19.6 609.8 97.4 206.4 163.1 142.2 617.4 97.5 209.3 175.1 146.9 618.9 97.3 209.6 176.4 147.9 615.6 97.1 210.9 175.9 147.4 148.0 15.8 53.5 37.2 28.2 151.3 16.1 53.3 38.2 28.1 151.9 16.2 53.6 38.4 28.3 153.5 16.2 54.2 38.3 28.4 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 251.8 31.3 401.5 166.5 18.5 256.0 30.7 402.7 170.0 18.4 256.4 30.6 401.9 170.0 18.3 256.8 843.7 861.1 860.9 859.7 30.9 161.5 166.1 166.6 165.7 409.0 1,611.2 1,637.5 1,635.4 1,626.3 171.2 802.5 817.8 820.3 823.8 18.5 79.6 80.8 80.8 80.9 229.4 30.9 715.2 149.1 14.0 234.1 31.8 723.0 157.7 14.8 234.5 31.9 723.5 158.4 14.8 234.7 32.2 724.8 158.8 14.6 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 230.7 76.6 72.7 271.4 14.7 232.6 77.7 73.6 272.0 15.2 232.3 77.7 72.5 271.3 15.1 235.0 1,289.4 1,313.2 1,315.7 1,317.4 78.2 316.5 323.4 323.9 325.0 73.9 360.1 368.9 371.7 374.1 272.2 1,185.1 1,217.8 1,221.4 1,220.4 14.9 95.8 99.7 99.8 98.8 273.3 66.1 88.8 305.5 25.0 279.5 68.2 92.4 311.6 25.4 279.8 68.4 92.6 312.4 25.6 279.4 68.5 92.8 311.3 25.6 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 72.5 16.1 142.3 483.3 52.4 73.9 16.5 143.0 490.5 54.9 74.0 16.6 143.3 492.8 55.0 74.1 393.7 400.8 402.1 400.3 16.5 87.9 87.8 87.9 87.3 142.9 591.5 602.8 605.9 604.1 492.6 1,964.8 2,009.5 2,014.7 2,017.2 55.1 225.7 233.5 234.6 235.1 71.4 19.3 114.9 440.3 49.3 73.0 20.1 118.6 447.5 51.3 73.1 20.2 118.9 448.3 51.4 73.1 20.3 119.9 448.5 51.1 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 12.3 159.2 121.2 39.6 120.6 13.8 12.3 164.8 123.9 39.2 121.5 13.9 12.3 164.3 124.2 39.1 121.4 13.6 12.3 165.1 123.7 38.7 121.3 13.6 12.0 160.9 122.5 26.7 137.4 7.8 12.2 163.5 124.4 27.4 139.3 8.0 12.2 163.8 124.6 27.5 139.6 8.0 12.4 163.6 125.5 27.3 139.7 7.9 Services 64.6 700.8 584.8 157.1 593.7 52.1 64.6 724.4 596.4 162.1 599.4 51.8 64.3 726.1 596.6 161.3 600.7 52.3 65.1 725.3 594.9 160.1 600.0 51.8 Government January Novemb- Decemb- January January Novemb- Decemb- January 1996 er er 1997p 1996 er er 1997p 1996 1996 1996 1996 Alabama............ 396.6 410.9 411.8 410.2 342.5 341.9 342.1 342.7 Alaska............. 61.4 62.5 62.8 62.7 72.7 73.3 73.0 73.2 Arizona............ 539.4 577.9 580.2 584.1 315.9 329.6 326.5 322.0 Arkansas........... 243.3 249.7 250.7 250.3 178.6 179.7 180.1 180.1 California......... 3,821.1 3,991.2 4,004.2 4,012.4 2,103.1 2,133.7 2,133.1 2,132.0 Colorado........... 550.8 576.2 579.1 581.7 Connecticut........ 470.7 487.7 488.5 488.7 Delaware........... 99.0 104.0 104.4 104.3 District of Columbia........ 260.3 262.3 263.7 263.4 Florida............ 2,061.5 2,153.7 2,164.0 2,167.1 306.4 219.4 51.4 310.6 226.7 53.0 310.5 227.0 53.1 313.2 224.6 53.1 248.0 924.9 237.9 942.5 237.5 936.2 235.5 947.9 Georgia............ 870.0 915.5 918.5 917.6 Hawaii(2).......... 164.5 167.0 167.0 168.0 Idaho.............. 112.3 116.2 116.0 118.6 Illinois........... 1,617.2 1,655.3 1,659.8 1,661.0 Indiana............ 639.7 661.5 661.4 666.8 569.0 109.6 96.2 803.3 392.6 569.7 109.6 99.6 808.9 397.3 570.0 109.3 99.6 808.0 393.7 567.5 112.3 99.7 803.4 388.8 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 367.7 306.5 413.6 497.7 152.8 232.0 232.0 283.9 360.5 92.9 230.2 246.5 290.4 360.9 93.3 230.2 240.2 290.9 361.3 93.6 232.8 236.2 290.2 360.8 93.3 Maryland........... 694.3 725.3 727.9 726.1 Massachusetts...... 1,039.9 1,078.6 1,079.9 1,078.3 Michigan........... 1,149.6 1,177.5 1,180.9 1,185.2 Minnesota.......... 661.6 678.5 679.4 674.1 Mississippi........ 239.3 252.8 253.0 250.7 421.2 397.7 640.8 376.5 215.4 420.2 403.0 646.5 383.5 219.5 419.4 403.1 643.6 383.0 220.3 424.0 400.9 644.7 382.7 220.8 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 396.9 76.1 150.6 99.9 77.4 404.9 78.7 153.3 106.8 79.8 405.0 77.2 152.5 103.9 79.4 404.5 78.3 152.7 104.7 80.4 352.9 294.0 400.4 475.5 148.8 696.6 99.5 216.4 350.5 157.5 365.4 305.0 413.7 494.6 151.7 713.6 102.6 223.5 371.4 164.2 367.6 305.7 416.8 495.4 152.4 719.0 102.9 224.2 373.5 164.1 712.8 101.6 225.0 376.5 163.8 New Jersey......... 1,098.1 1,137.5 1,140.8 1,145.7 565.2 567.9 566.9 568.3 New Mexico......... 190.5 194.2 195.2 195.5 168.5 173.1 173.6 172.9 New York........... 2,561.2 2,639.0 2,645.8 2,638.2 1,388.9 1,375.9 1,374.4 1,370.7 North Carolina..... 783.8 850.1 852.0 855.0 554.6 570.3 572.3 576.9 North Dakota....... 82.6 86.1 86.1 85.9 70.4 70.7 70.8 70.6 Ohio............... 1,393.6 1,426.3 1,429.5 1,428.9 Oklahoma........... 355.2 372.5 374.1 376.0 Oregon............. 376.8 393.7 395.0 392.2 Pennsylvania....... 1,611.5 1,672.8 1,677.4 1,682.3 Rhode Island....... 144.9 148.1 148.0 147.2 747.3 270.2 243.1 713.6 61.0 752.1 273.3 251.2 722.2 62.2 753.2 273.1 247.8 723.1 62.1 749.5 271.9 249.4 723.7 62.6 South Carolina..... 364.1 376.6 378.1 375.0 295.1 310.9 300.5 300.2 South Dakota....... 88.6 91.1 91.0 90.3 70.7 70.4 70.1 71.2 Tennessee.......... 647.1 662.8 664.8 666.1 379.7 384.2 383.5 382.8 Texas.............. 2,177.4 2,261.5 2,266.8 2,250.8 1,449.8 1,463.5 1,466.0 1,462.6 Utah............... 247.0 261.5 263.1 265.1 165.0 168.4 168.8 168.7 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 81.5 887.1 637.9 188.3 644.3 47.3 82.1 926.1 657.6 193.8 669.2 48.1 82.0 932.6 659.1 193.9 672.0 48.0 83.1 935.1 661.2 194.6 667.9 48.0 45.1 593.4 447.0 137.0 384.2 58.1 45.5 600.7 451.6 138.6 386.9 59.0 45.7 601.1 453.8 138.4 384.3 58.8 45.0 602.9 455.0 138.6 384.6 59.2 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1996 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) State December 1995 1996 Construction January 1996 1997p Alabama............ 1,832.0 1,850.7 1,793.8 1,822.7 Alaska............. 250.1 252.3 242.6 245.6 Arizona............ 1,869.1 1,966.9 1,835.4 1,924.0 Arkansas........... 1,086.3 1,098.5 1,060.3 1,074.6 December Manufacturing January 1995 1996 1996 88.0 10.7 124.7 45.2 97.0 11.1 129.9 48.1 85.9 9.0 121.5 41.7 1997p 93.9 9.4 124.1 44.4 December January 1995 1996 1996 390.8 10.1 198.3 258.7 382.7 9.8 200.3 252.5 384.7 11.5 196.8 255.2 1997p 380.0 11.4 200.9 250.3 California......... 12697.3 13055.8 12411.8 12817.6 497.9 524.7 473.7 Colorado........... 1,893.0 1,946.8 1,841.2 1,904.6 Connecticut........ 1,593.7 1,617.1 1,532.9 1,570.4 Delaware........... 374.1 384.6 356.0 373.7 District of Columbia........ 640.6 624.9 615.8 608.0 Florida............ 6,182.7 6,359.2 6,051.3 6,286.6 104.8 50.3 19.7 113.1 51.5 22.1 98.1 42.7 16.8 105.2 46.3 20.0 197.4 278.3 60.6 197.7 276.9 56.6 194.4 274.4 55.9 196.2 274.5 57.1 8.4 318.8 8.5 326.9 7.6 313.8 8.1 322.3 13.2 494.1 13.3 495.7 13.0 486.7 12.9 492.7 Georgia............ 3,495.0 3,602.1 3,417.0 3,523.2 Hawaii(2).......... 538.8 536.0 525.1 528.0 Idaho.............. 485.5 499.5 469.9 490.8 Illinois........... 5,691.7 5,758.8 5,519.7 5,602.3 Indiana............ 2,836.4 2,853.7 2,739.2 2,779.6 159.3 25.4 29.5 217.4 126.7 165.9 22.9 29.8 221.6 131.0 153.9 24.1 25.6 188.0 113.5 159.3 22.3 28.0 194.4 117.5 586.7 17.1 71.5 966.3 685.8 590.0 16.4 73.0 978.1 672.9 579.6 16.7 71.2 964.3 672.6 587.1 16.3 72.8 972.5 666.8 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 1,386.7 1,224.8 1,673.3 1,800.2 541.0 1,402.8 1,256.5 1,705.7 1,841.3 545.5 1,346.0 1,186.7 1,613.3 1,764.1 519.4 1,368.6 1,229.1 1,653.7 1,815.4 525.4 55.0 53.3 74.3 113.0 21.9 57.9 56.9 78.7 114.2 23.6 47.6 48.2 65.2 107.9 19.0 50.1 51.3 71.2 110.8 20.5 250.7 192.7 316.8 188.6 90.6 248.4 199.1 312.3 189.3 88.2 246.6 191.8 311.2 184.7 88.4 247.4 198.9 312.4 186.2 87.1 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,217.1 3,045.9 4,381.5 2,426.6 1,085.4 2,246.3 3,108.4 4,428.0 2,469.5 1,104.7 2,108.6 2,933.3 4,244.8 2,364.1 1,065.9 2,181.7 3,019.4 4,313.8 2,411.0 1,087.2 127.7 91.5 156.7 81.4 46.1 134.8 96.6 169.0 84.6 48.9 110.0 77.9 141.1 71.8 44.6 126.9 86.8 154.0 76.0 46.7 176.3 451.0 989.2 429.2 252.8 173.8 445.5 971.0 428.4 243.0 171.2 444.1 972.2 420.0 246.7 172.0 443.4 962.7 425.7 241.8 Missouri........... 2,567.4 2,608.6 2,483.0 2,527.8 Montana............ 353.8 360.6 343.8 350.5 Nebraska........... 832.1 848.3 811.5 832.6 Nevada............. 812.2 874.3 799.5 864.5 New Hampshire...... 555.5 573.0 535.3 558.2 110.9 15.0 35.2 67.3 19.7 118.5 16.3 36.1 80.2 21.6 100.2 13.2 31.6 65.2 17.4 106.6 13.6 33.0 77.4 19.6 422.7 23.6 113.6 37.8 104.2 412.7 24.0 115.3 39.4 105.6 417.8 23.4 113.0 37.6 103.4 409.0 23.6 114.4 39.2 104.9 New Jersey......... 3,643.0 3,698.5 3,511.0 3,609.9 New Mexico......... 692.5 704.2 675.3 688.9 New York........... 7,997.2 8,054.1 7,697.1 7,798.0 North Carolina..... 3,538.4 3,654.2 3,429.1 3,590.3 North Dakota....... 305.7 313.8 297.3 305.7 123.0 43.8 249.1 179.4 12.7 125.4 41.3 258.4 194.9 13.9 102.2 41.2 213.5 168.4 11.2 112.8 39.0 224.4 190.5 12.3 491.7 45.9 937.0 862.6 21.1 484.3 45.7 915.9 847.3 21.9 477.2 44.5 910.4 845.9 21.0 479.3 45.0 898.8 841.9 21.9 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 5,228.7 1,364.7 1,478.3 5,281.2 436.4 205.6 49.4 72.5 190.2 13.3 215.9 51.4 79.6 203.6 13.5 175.8 47.7 69.3 164.7 11.0 189.1 1,108.1 1,094.0 1,091.7 1,083.5 49.6 172.2 177.3 167.7 176.4 76.4 231.8 235.2 228.9 233.2 188.3 936.6 932.4 917.9 926.6 12.3 85.1 82.4 82.8 80.9 South Carolina..... 1,672.4 1,693.3 1,625.3 1,653.6 89.6 95.4 86.6 5,324.0 1,347.0 1,460.2 5,329.3 445.6 5,386.3 1,387.4 1,509.4 5,419.7 450.4 5,145.7 1,315.4 1,420.4 5,112.5 427.3 507.7 1,818.5 1,865.5 1,795.4 1,850.6 93.7 374.9 361.1 369.5 359.4 South Dakota....... 346.3 351.0 338.2 344.8 Tennessee.......... 2,557.4 2,577.6 2,467.6 2,516.4 Texas.............. 8,209.4 8,408.8 8,024.7 8,252.3 Utah............... 942.5 985.1 920.9 961.4 13.3 109.8 420.1 60.3 13.8 113.9 445.6 60.3 11.9 100.5 408.2 55.0 12.4 47.4 48.4 47.0 48.2 107.7 531.8 521.2 523.0 518.4 426.5 1,047.2 1,063.3 1,037.5 1,056.3 56.0 129.1 131.7 127.4 130.6 Vermont............ 277.2 281.2 270.3 274.9 Virginia........... 3,125.2 3,202.6 3,019.9 3,141.0 Washington......... 2,380.8 2,462.2 2,324.9 2,406.7 West Virginia...... 699.1 707.5 671.8 686.0 Wisconsin.......... 2,594.0 2,643.8 2,523.6 2,570.7 Wyoming............ 217.9 219.7 211.1 213.3 12.0 172.1 119.5 32.9 97.2 13.6 12.8 178.9 127.0 34.6 106.8 13.9 10.2 154.3 112.7 26.2 87.3 11.7 11.4 172.7 119.4 29.1 94.2 12.1 45.7 402.4 332.7 82.5 601.1 10.1 46.3 400.1 354.4 81.4 596.4 10.9 44.9 394.1 330.0 81.3 594.8 10.6 45.5 396.9 351.9 81.1 593.7 10.7 53.8 56.6 50.8 55.9 155.4 154.3 151.1 150.6 Puerto Rico........ 964.6 986.6 937.5 960.3 Transportation and public utilities December January 1995 1996 1996 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 91.0 21.4 90.6 66.1 640.9 90.3 21.5 95.5 65.9 650.1 89.5 20.7 89.1 64.8 625.8 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 121.4 72.5 15.5 119.3 73.9 15.8 20.3 318.3 Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... 222.9 41.0 1997p Trade December 1995 January 1996 89.5 424.6 432.1 410.1 417.0 21.0 53.7 54.3 51.0 51.2 94.2 467.1 488.1 456.9 472.2 64.6 247.8 252.5 238.9 243.7 640.5 3,022.2 3,083.7 2,913.1 2,979.1 80.7 11.7 112.4 42.6 732.4 82.7 11.6 118.2 43.6 735.1 79.7 11.4 111.4 41.8 726.3 82.6 11.4 118.4 43.3 730.1 120.2 71.6 15.3 117.5 73.2 15.6 466.5 344.9 82.3 116.2 132.6 42.0 119.6 130.5 44.5 115.2 129.7 41.4 120.3 130.1 44.2 19.3 326.7 19.5 307.0 18.9 52.8 51.6 48.1 48.6 319.5 1,628.6 1,679.5 1,579.8 1,637.1 29.8 387.0 28.0 401.6 29.6 383.8 27.8 399.7 224.1 41.4 217.4 40.7 222.0 41.1 178.9 37.2 183.5 36.6 176.1 36.7 183.2 36.1 896.4 139.5 938.1 137.8 454.9 339.4 79.6 864.1 136.2 1997p January 1996 484.1 360.2 87.2 1996 December 1995 472.6 356.2 84.8 1996 Finance, insurance, and real estate 895.4 134.9 1997p Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ 23.2 332.1 142.7 23.6 338.2 140.0 22.5 325.8 136.9 22.9 125.2 129.2 120.0 125.7 336.3 1,353.1 1,346.1 1,285.2 1,285.5 137.1 694.1 701.2 661.5 669.0 25.3 385.6 132.3 25.5 387.2 135.8 24.9 381.1 131.3 25.2 385.1 135.4 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 62.7 70.2 92.9 108.2 22.6 64.6 70.8 96.9 109.1 22.7 60.6 68.6 90.0 106.4 22.0 64.1 70.9 92.5 108.6 22.2 333.3 304.8 396.4 423.8 129.8 77.7 58.5 66.5 82.0 25.9 77.8 58.9 68.7 83.4 27.0 76.8 57.7 65.7 81.2 25.8 76.9 59.0 68.1 83.4 26.9 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 106.5 129.3 170.0 120.5 52.5 107.0 134.0 169.3 121.8 52.7 103.9 125.7 165.0 118.1 51.6 106.5 544.7 547.8 508.4 519.1 130.0 709.1 724.0 671.6 691.8 165.5 1,047.1 1,065.7 1,001.4 1,020.2 120.1 602.2 611.7 580.4 591.6 52.5 237.1 237.5 226.6 229.8 129.1 207.3 198.3 141.8 40.5 128.7 212.9 202.5 143.5 41.1 126.0 203.1 197.1 140.1 40.1 127.5 211.3 201.0 142.2 40.8 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 160.1 21.2 50.4 41.8 19.8 162.6 20.7 50.9 43.3 20.0 155.8 20.7 49.5 41.0 19.1 161.2 20.2 50.7 43.0 19.5 602.3 94.5 208.4 174.8 145.1 148.5 15.7 53.3 37.3 28.5 152.1 16.2 53.6 38.4 28.2 145.8 15.6 53.1 36.9 28.0 151.9 16.1 54.0 38.2 28.2 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 256.0 31.9 408.9 168.3 18.7 258.8 31.3 407.6 171.7 18.6 249.6 31.2 395.8 163.5 18.3 255.6 875.7 886.5 829.5 849.5 31.0 165.3 168.6 158.9 163.4 403.8 1,674.2 1,688.2 1,582.1 1,600.1 169.1 825.1 841.8 784.7 812.3 18.3 81.0 82.0 77.7 79.2 230.3 31.0 723.6 147.9 14.1 233.5 31.9 725.5 157.9 14.8 227.8 30.6 707.4 146.6 13.9 233.0 31.7 716.9 157.1 14.5 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 233.6 76.3 73.0 278.1 14.9 234.7 77.8 73.3 275.0 15.3 226.4 75.8 71.8 268.6 14.4 230.9 1,325.8 1,348.8 1,268.9 1,295.2 77.7 323.1 328.9 311.1 320.8 73.1 370.5 380.3 352.3 367.5 270.6 1,229.7 1,255.7 1,168.7 1,208.9 14.7 98.9 101.9 92.7 96.2 274.2 66.6 89.1 305.9 24.8 279.9 68.5 92.9 311.3 25.5 270.1 65.4 87.7 302.2 24.8 276.7 68.1 92.0 309.4 25.5 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 72.8 16.4 143.5 489.5 53.0 74.4 16.7 144.1 497.2 55.7 71.5 15.9 140.0 478.5 52.0 73.2 398.8 405.3 380.9 389.2 16.4 88.1 88.3 85.4 85.7 141.0 611.0 621.6 579.5 592.5 490.1 2,012.6 2,056.1 1,942.0 1,996.8 54.8 231.9 243.0 221.7 230.9 70.2 19.3 115.6 441.6 49.7 72.8 20.1 119.0 449.1 51.8 69.8 19.2 113.7 435.5 48.9 72.0 20.1 118.7 445.4 50.9 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 12.3 159.3 121.4 39.8 122.7 13.6 12.3 166.0 125.4 39.1 123.2 13.7 12.1 157.0 118.5 39.0 117.9 13.6 12.2 163.3 121.3 38.3 119.6 13.4 12.2 160.4 122.9 27.0 137.3 7.9 12.2 163.8 125.0 27.4 139.7 7.9 11.9 159.1 121.0 26.4 136.4 7.7 12.3 162.1 124.1 27.1 139.0 7.8 347.6 306.9 408.9 426.4 137.1 623.0 97.4 209.6 166.4 145.8 64.9 729.6 596.2 162.4 606.7 51.5 346.9 311.7 415.4 437.0 136.0 630.8 98.0 214.0 180.2 150.2 65.6 746.0 610.1 164.9 614.3 51.9 334.0 295.8 388.9 411.9 129.6 593.2 94.0 202.3 160.8 138.3 63.9 690.6 571.9 153.3 579.1 49.5 64.8 717.4 583.1 157.1 587.4 49.5 Puerto Rico........ 24.5 24.8 23.7 24.3 200.4 Services December 1995 1996 206.5 191.4 195.4 Government January 1996 1997p December 1995 1996 January 1996 1997p Alabama............ 401.1 411.9 390.5 405.8 344.9 343.5 342.7 343.4 Alaska............. 59.7 61.1 57.7 59.4 72.9 73.5 71.8 72.6 Arizona............ 540.0 583.6 531.1 580.0 322.4 336.7 314.6 319.5 Arkansas........... 240.5 248.4 236.1 244.5 181.9 184.1 178.4 180.5 California......... 3,827.4 4,013.8 3,746.7 3,952.2 2,128.0 2,153.6 2,101.3 2,128.4 Colorado........... 554.7 583.9 544.9 578.8 Connecticut........ 475.6 490.7 458.3 478.4 Delaware........... 99.0 104.3 96.1 102.0 District of Columbia........ 266.9 267.1 252.7 258.1 Florida............ 2,090.3 2,167.1 2,045.9 2,158.4 311.6 227.5 52.4 315.9 232.6 54.0 299.8 216.2 50.8 306.9 222.3 52.4 249.1 938.7 237.0 954.7 245.2 927.5 233.6 949.9 Georgia............ 866.4 916.9 849.2 899.2 Hawaii(2).......... 165.7 168.0 163.2 167.6 Idaho.............. 110.4 114.7 109.2 115.9 Illinois........... 1,607.5 1,655.5 1,573.1 1,626.1 Indiana............ 642.1 661.5 624.2 658.1 576.8 112.9 97.6 816.7 406.7 575.8 112.9 100.7 820.0 404.8 568.9 107.5 93.9 789.6 393.6 569.2 109.7 97.7 790.5 389.6 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 362.9 301.9 404.5 493.7 146.0 237.1 242.5 290.6 362.2 96.6 236.5 245.7 296.0 363.2 97.5 231.8 229.6 281.2 358.2 92.5 232.1 234.7 286.1 359.0 92.8 Maryland........... 702.9 725.2 670.5 709.4 Massachusetts...... 1,050.7 1,083.6 1,012.7 1,053.8 428.8 405.8 427.9 410.5 417.6 397.2 419.2 401.1 353.9 292.7 399.5 472.7 146.2 368.6 305.6 415.0 494.8 150.4 346.9 287.1 388.1 467.4 142.0 44.8 44.3 43.6 44.2 Michigan........... 1,145.6 1,178.0 1,122.0 1,163.9 Minnesota.......... 659.3 679.3 645.6 662.0 Mississippi........ 236.5 253.1 234.6 247.9 667.3 384.8 215.0 665.0 392.5 223.5 639.1 381.0 216.8 639.5 386.1 222.8 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 406.0 77.9 153.0 100.5 81.4 413.4 78.2 153.7 105.9 83.6 394.5 75.7 149.1 98.4 75.9 400.9 78.1 150.6 103.3 79.2 691.3 97.9 215.8 347.3 155.6 713.7 101.7 223.5 371.9 163.3 671.1 96.4 211.8 345.8 152.8 691.4 99.3 220.4 373.7 161.3 New Jersey......... 1,090.0 1,133.9 1,062.9 1,114.8 574.4 574.2 560.2 563.2 New Mexico......... 188.3 194.2 188.0 193.7 170.6 175.7 165.5 170.0 New York........... 2,591.3 2,663.2 2,506.2 2,587.7 1,408.8 1,390.7 1,378.2 1,362.5 North Carolina..... 781.9 851.6 757.0 832.8 569.5 585.2 559.4 582.8 North Dakota....... 82.0 85.9 81.0 85.0 72.2 72.7 70.4 70.6 Ohio............... 1,392.6 1,427.4 1,352.7 1,390.5 Oklahoma........... 351.8 373.6 347.0 369.1 Oregon............. 374.1 393.6 365.5 384.7 Pennsylvania....... 1,633.5 1,682.2 1,570.2 1,641.9 Rhode Island....... 145.6 148.1 139.9 143.7 770.2 276.1 247.5 736.6 62.8 771.8 278.8 252.7 739.9 63.5 747.0 269.9 243.3 702.5 61.6 749.5 272.0 249.6 716.5 63.0 South Carolina..... 361.8 374.8 350.7 364.1 302.5 307.7 294.5 300.2 South Dakota....... 87.6 89.9 85.7 88.3 71.9 71.5 71.0 71.5 Tennessee.......... 656.2 663.0 628.0 650.0 384.8 390.3 378.5 383.7 Texas.............. 2,167.7 2,255.2 2,125.5 2,217.0 1,474.5 1,483.4 1,443.6 1,461.2 Utah............... 244.5 265.1 242.7 261.1 165.8 169.4 165.4 169.2 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 82.0 887.1 633.8 188.8 640.0 45.2 83.2 927.5 658.7 194.3 668.5 45.4 81.9 862.1 621.4 184.6 626.6 43.8 83.5 914.5 648.6 191.5 653.9 44.7 47.6 603.3 451.0 138.8 386.9 59.2 48.2 609.7 458.2 141.0 392.7 60.1 45.0 591.9 446.2 134.7 379.7 58.8 44.8 603.5 455.0 137.2 380.8 59.7 Puerto Rico........ 181.7 185.7 174.3 179.3 303.0 313.4 301.6 309.6 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1996 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. Table 5. Unemployment rates by state and selected metropolitan areas, not seasonally adjusted December January State and area 1996 1996 1997p United States................................... 5.0 6.3 5.9 Alabama..................................................... Birmingham................................................ Huntsville................................................ Mobile.................................................... Montgomery................................................ Tuscaloosa................................................ 3.8 2.4 2.3 3.6 3.2 2.4 5.8 3.6 3.9 5.9 4.3 3.9 4.4 2.7 2.9 4.4 3.6 3.0 Alaska...................................................... Anchorage................................................. 8.4 5.3 9.8 6.4 9.4 6.1 Arizona..................................................... Phoenix-Mesa.............................................. Tucson.................................................... 5.0 3.4 3.5 4.9 3.5 3.5 4.9 3.5 3.5 Arkansas.................................................... Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers............................ Fort Smith(1)............................................. Little Rock-North Little Rock............................. Pine Bluff................................................ 5.3 2.8 5.2 3.8 7.7 5.8 3.0 6.1 3.9 7.4 6.0 3.7 5.7 4.0 7.9 California.................................................. Bakersfield............................................... Fresno.................................................... Los Angeles-Long Beach.................................... Modesto................................................... Oakland................................................... Orange County............................................. Riverside-San Bernardino.................................. Sacramento................................................ Salinas................................................... San Diego................................................. San Francisco............................................. San Jose.................................................. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.......................... Santa Rosa................................................ Stockton-Lodi............................................. 6.3 12.2 13.1 7.0 13.1 3.9 3.1 6.3 5.0 13.7 4.1 2.9 3.0 5.5 3.6 11.1 8.2 14.9 16.1 8.6 16.6 5.5 4.7 8.2 6.9 19.2 6.1 4.6 4.0 7.4 5.4 13.9 7.3 14.4 16.2 7.7 15.6 4.8 3.7 7.4 6.1 18.4 4.8 3.5 3.5 6.8 4.5 13.3 Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa.................................... Ventura................................................... 6.5 6.4 8.3 7.6 7.5 6.9 Colorado.................................................... Colorado Springs.......................................... Boulder-Longmont.......................................... Denver.................................................... 3.6 3.9 3.2 3.2 4.7 4.8 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.4 3.4 3.7 Connecticut................................................. Bridgeport................................................ Danbury................................................... Hartford.................................................. New Haven-Meriden......................................... New London-Norwich........................................ Stamford-Norwalk.......................................... Waterbury................................................. 5.5 6.6 3.6 5.8 5.5 6.0 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.8 4.6 7.3 6.7 6.5 4.3 7.8 5.9 6.8 3.8 6.3 5.9 6.2 3.6 6.8 Delaware.................................................... Dover..................................................... Wilmington-Newark(1)...................................... 4.8 4.4 5.5 5.8 5.5 7.1 5.6 5.8 6.0 District of Columbia........................................ Washington(1)............................................. 7.9 3.4 8.9 4.2 8.1 3.6 Florida..................................................... Daytona Beach............................................. Fort Lauderdale........................................... Fort Myers-Cape Coral..................................... Gainesville............................................... Jacksonville.............................................. Lakeland-Winter Haven..................................... Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay............................. Miami..................................................... Orlando................................................... Pensacola................................................. Sarasota-Bradenton........................................ Tallahassee............................................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater........................... West Palm Beach-Boca Raton................................ Georgia..................................................... Albany.................................................... Athens.................................................... Atlanta................................................... Augusta-Aiken(1).......................................... Columbus(1)............................................... Macon..................................................... 4.5 3.9 4.6 3.1 2.6 3.3 5.3 4.6 6.8 3.2 3.7 2.7 2.8 3.4 5.6 4.4 5.3 2.8 3.7 5.9 4.6 4.3 5.7 5.2 5.8 4.5 3.1 4.0 6.3 6.8 7.8 4.6 5.2 4.0 3.6 4.8 6.7 4.5 5.6 3.0 3.7 6.4 5.5 4.7 5.1 4.4 5.1 3.5 3.1 4.1 5.9 5.3 7.8 3.7 4.6 3.1 3.4 3.8 6.2 4.4 5.7 2.7 3.6 6.0 4.5 4.1 Savannah.................................................. 4.6 4.5 4.8 Hawaii...................................................... Honolulu.................................................. 5.7 4.7 6.3 5.1 5.8 4.7 Idaho....................................................... Boise City................................................ 5.8 4.0 6.5 4.8 6.5 4.9 Illinois.................................................... Bloomington-Normal........................................ Champaign-Urbana.......................................... Chicago................................................... Davenport-Moline-Rock Island(1)........................... Decatur................................................... Kankakee.................................................. Peoria-Pekin.............................................. Rockford.................................................. Springfield............................................... 5.0 2.5 2.9 4.8 4.3 7.8 5.8 5.2 4.5 4.2 6.1 4.2 3.6 5.6 5.3 8.4 7.0 7.1 7.2 5.2 5.7 3.6 3.7 5.2 5.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 7.1 5.2 Indiana..................................................... Bloomington............................................... Elkhart-Goshen............................................ Evansville-Henderson(1)................................... Fort Wayne................................................ Gary...................................................... Indianapolis.............................................. Kokomo.................................................... Lafayette................................................. Muncie.................................................... South Bend................................................ Terre Haute............................................... 3.5 2.0 4.1 3.8 2.8 4.1 2.6 3.1 2.4 3.9 3.3 5.6 5.2 3.6 5.1 5.2 4.4 6.3 4.0 4.5 3.4 5.5 4.8 7.7 3.5 2.5 3.3 4.5 2.8 3.9 2.6 3.1 2.6 4.1 3.2 5.9 Iowa........................................................ Cedar Rapids.............................................. Des Moines................................................ Dubuque................................................... Iowa City................................................. Sioux City(1)............................................. Waterloo-Cedar Falls...................................... 3.8 2.9 3.1 4.9 2.7 3.5 4.4 4.4 3.3 2.9 6.8 2.9 4.3 5.1 4.4 3.4 3.4 5.7 3.0 3.8 4.9 Kansas...................................................... Lawrence.................................................. Topeka.................................................... Wichita................................................... 4.2 4.3 5.5 3.7 5.0 5.2 5.6 4.7 4.6 5.1 6.0 4.0 Kentucky.................................................... 5.4 6.6 6.3 Lexington................................................. Louisville(1)............................................. Owensboro................................................. 2.5 4.2 5.1 3.0 4.6 6.7 2.8 4.2 6.5 Louisiana................................................... Alexandria................................................ Baton Rouge............................................... Houma..................................................... Lafayette................................................. Lake Charles.............................................. Monroe.................................................... New Orleans............................................... Shreveport-Bossier City................................... 6.1 6.4 5.0 3.7 5.0 6.6 6.1 5.6 6.7 7.9 7.5 6.7 6.3 7.5 6.4 7.1 7.4 7.8 6.8 7.2 5.5 4.6 5.9 7.0 7.1 5.9 7.4 Maine....................................................... Lewiston-Auburn........................................... Portland.................................................. 4.5 4.4 2.1 6.5 6.2 3.6 5.6 5.5 2.6 Maryland.................................................... Baltimore................................................. 4.2 4.6 5.9 6.3 4.8 5.2 Massachusetts............................................... Barnstable-Yarmouth....................................... Boston(1)................................................. Massachusetts--Continued Brockton.................................................. Fitchburg-Leominster...................................... Lawrence(1)............................................... Lowell(1)................................................. New Bedford............................................... Pittsfield................................................ Springfield............................................... Worcester(1).............................................. 3.5 5.7 2.9 5.6 9.2 4.6 4.8 8.4 3.8 4.0 4.2 5.0 3.4 7.1 4.8 3.6 3.1 6.7 6.9 5.7 5.1 12.3 6.8 6.2 5.0 5.7 5.5 5.8 4.5 10.3 6.6 5.1 4.2 Michigan.................................................... Ann Arbor................................................. Benton Harbor............................................. Detroit................................................... Flint..................................................... Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland............................. Jackson................................................... Kalamazoo-Battle Creek.................................... Lansing-East Lansing...................................... Saginaw-Bay City-Midland.................................. 4.3 2.6 5.2 3.8 5.1 3.4 4.3 3.8 3.0 4.3 5.7 3.4 6.4 5.1 6.5 4.5 5.3 5.0 4.0 6.1 5.5 3.6 6.6 4.9 6.4 4.5 5.5 4.9 3.9 6.0 Minnesota................................................... 3.7 4.6 4.2 Duluth-Superior(1)........................................ Minneapolis-St.Paul(1).................................... Rochester................................................. St. Cloud................................................. 4.8 2.6 2.4 4.7 6.6 3.4 3.5 6.3 5.8 3.0 3.0 6.3 Mississippi................................................. Jackson................................................... 4.8 2.5 6.9 4.0 5.9 3.4 Missouri.................................................... Kansas City(1)............................................ St. Louis LMA(1).......................................... Springfield............................................... 4.7 3.9 4.3 3.8 5.1 4.2 4.9 3.8 5.0 3.9 4.5 4.1 Montana..................................................... 5.2 6.9 5.9 Nebraska.................................................... Lincoln................................................... Omaha(1).................................................. 2.7 2.2 2.8 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.3 3.2 Nevada...................................................... Las Vegas(1).............................................. Reno...................................................... 5.2 5.3 4.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.1 4.7 5.5 New Hampshire............................................... Manchester................................................ Nashua.................................................... Portsmouth-Rochester(1)................................... 3.7 3.2 3.3 3.2 4.6 3.9 4.4 4.7 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.6 New Jersey.................................................. Atlantic-Cape May......................................... Bergen-Passaic............................................ Jersey City............................................... Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.............................. Monmouth-Ocean............................................ Newark.................................................... Trenton................................................... Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton.............................. 5.7 10.3 5.8 8.6 4.0 5.3 5.5 5.1 10.1 7.0 12.6 7.0 9.8 5.1 6.7 6.7 6.5 11.9 6.5 12.2 6.4 9.3 4.4 6.4 6.1 5.8 11.4 New Mexico.................................................. Albuquerque............................................... Las Cruces................................................ Santa Fe.................................................. 7.7 5.0 9.6 4.8 8.0 4.8 11.3 5.2 7.1 4.4 10.0 4.5 New York.................................................... Albany-Schenectady-Troy................................... Binghamton................................................ 5.9 3.8 4.0 6.9 5.6 5.7 6.9 4.8 5.0 Buffalo-Niagara Falls..................................... Dutchess County........................................... Elmira.................................................... Glens Falls............................................... Nassau-Suffolk............................................ New York.................................................. New York City............................................. Newburgh(1)............................................... Rochester................................................. New York--Continued Syracuse.................................................. Utica-Rome................................................ 4.5 3.5 3.6 6.5 3.3 7.9 8.8 3.6 3.5 6.0 5.0 4.9 8.3 5.2 8.2 8.9 5.5 4.7 5.8 4.6 4.6 8.0 4.0 8.9 9.9 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.7 6.1 6.9 5.5 6.1 North Carolina.............................................. Asheville................................................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill(1)........................... Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point....................... Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill................................ 3.8 2.9 3.3 2.8 2.0 5.4 5.2 4.1 4.5 3.0 4.4 4.0 3.5 3.2 2.3 North Dakota................................................ Bismarck.................................................. Fargo-Moorhead(1)......................................... Grand Forks(1)............................................ 3.4 3.6 2.4 3.1 3.8 3.8 3.2 3.8 3.9 4.1 2.9 3.6 Ohio........................................................ Akron..................................................... Canton-Massillon.......................................... Cincinnati(1)............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria................................... Columbus.................................................. Dayton-Springfield........................................ Hamilton-Middletown....................................... Lima...................................................... Mansfield................................................. Steubenville-Weirton...................................... Toledo.................................................... Youngstown-Warren......................................... 4.8 4.8 5.1 3.7 5.4 2.9 4.2 3.6 5.8 5.9 7.0 4.5 6.0 5.9 5.5 6.4 5.2 6.1 3.6 4.9 5.1 7.0 6.7 7.0 6.0 7.1 5.9 5.9 6.4 4.6 6.0 3.6 5.2 4.6 7.3 6.8 7.7 5.8 7.3 Oklahoma.................................................... Enid...................................................... Lawton.................................................... Oklahoma City............................................. Tulsa..................................................... 3.8 2.9 4.8 3.0 3.0 5.1 4.1 5.3 4.9 3.9 4.5 3.4 5.4 3.5 3.7 Oregon...................................................... Eugene-Springfield........................................ 6.2 6.0 6.4 6.5 6.5 6.3 Medford-Ashland........................................... Portland-Vancouver(1)..................................... Salem..................................................... 8.1 4.4 6.2 9.4 4.4 6.7 9.3 4.5 6.5 Pennsylvania................................................ Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton................................ Altoona................................................... Erie...................................................... Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle............................... Johnstown................................................. Lancaster................................................. Philadelphia(1)........................................... Pittsburgh................................................ Reading................................................... Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton............................ Sharon.................................................... State College............................................. Williamsport.............................................. York...................................................... 4.3 4.2 4.8 4.8 2.5 7.0 2.4 4.4 4.1 3.3 6.1 4.1 2.7 5.7 3.3 6.8 7.6 7.6 6.7 4.8 10.0 5.1 6.1 6.3 6.2 9.4 5.2 4.1 8.9 5.6 5.3 5.4 6.1 6.1 3.2 8.6 2.9 5.0 5.2 4.2 7.9 5.2 3.7 6.8 4.1 Rhode Island................................................ Providence-Fall River-Warwick(1).......................... 4.6 4.8 6.9 7.6 5.8 6.3 South Carolina.............................................. Charleston-North Charleston............................... Columbia.................................................. Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson........................... 5.5 4.8 3.4 3.9 5.9 4.9 3.4 4.2 5.8 5.2 3.4 3.9 South Dakota................................................ Rapid City................................................ Sioux Falls............................................... 3.3 3.4 2.1 3.9 4.0 2.7 3.8 3.9 2.5 Tennessee................................................... Chattanooga(1)............................................ Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol(1)......................... Knoxville................................................. Memphis(1)................................................ Nashville................................................. 4.3 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.6 2.8 6.4 5.5 6.9 5.8 4.9 3.6 5.7 4.7 5.3 5.5 4.4 3.4 Texas....................................................... Abilene................................................... Texas--Contiuned Amarillo.................................................. Austin-San Marcos......................................... Beaumont-Port Arthur...................................... Brazoria.................................................. 4.9 3.6 6.5 5.9 5.9 4.3 3.7 2.9 7.8 6.6 4.3 3.1 10.3 7.3 4.4 3.4 8.7 8.0 Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito.......................... Bryan-College Station..................................... Corpus Christi............................................ Dallas.................................................... El Paso................................................... Fort Worth-Arlington...................................... Galveston-Texas City...................................... Houston................................................... Killeen-Temple............................................ Laredo.................................................... Longview-Marshall......................................... Lubbock................................................... McAllen-Edinburg-Mission.................................. Odessa-Midland............................................ San Angelo................................................ San Antonio............................................... Sherman-Denison........................................... Texarkana(1).............................................. Tyler..................................................... Victoria.................................................. Waco...................................................... Wichita Falls............................................. 11.0 2.1 7.6 3.4 10.4 3.2 8.0 4.7 4.3 10.6 6.6 3.0 17.7 4.6 2.9 3.5 3.9 7.0 5.5 4.4 3.7 3.8 13.6 2.8 9.5 4.9 12.1 4.8 8.3 5.8 5.7 16.1 8.7 4.5 23.5 6.4 4.5 4.8 7.2 8.0 6.5 6.2 5.0 4.7 12.6 2.5 8.8 3.9 11.8 4.0 8.8 5.5 5.2 12.2 7.9 3.8 20.9 5.8 3.6 4.2 4.7 8.0 6.4 5.8 4.4 4.4 Utah........................................................ Provo-Orem................................................ Salt Lake City-Odgen...................................... 2.9 2.4 2.7 3.5 2.7 3.1 3.3 2.9 2.9 Vermont..................................................... Burlington................................................ 4.2 2.9 5.7 3.8 5.0 3.4 Virginia.................................................... Charlottesville........................................... Danville.................................................. Lynchburg................................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News(1).................... Richmond-Petersburg....................................... Roanoke................................................... 4.0 2.5 6.0 3.5 4.6 3.6 2.6 5.3 3.8 11.0 5.3 5.0 3.6 4.0 4.5 2.5 7.1 4.2 4.9 3.8 3.2 Washington.................................................. Spokane................................................... Tacoma.................................................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.................................. 6.4 5.9 5.6 4.4 7.5 7.0 6.7 5.6 6.2 6.1 5.4 4.1 West Virginia............................................... Charleston................................................ Huntington-Ashland(1)..................................... 7.5 5.0 6.9 9.4 6.9 8.2 8.3 5.8 7.8 Parkersburg-Marietta(1)................................... Wheeling(1)............................................... 6.0 5.3 7.1 7.6 7.0 7.2 Wisconsin................................................... Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah................................... Eau Claire................................................ Green Bay................................................. Janesville-Beloit......................................... Kenosha................................................... La Crosse(1).............................................. Madison................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha........................................ Racine.................................................... Sheboygan................................................. Wausau.................................................... 3.0 2.3 3.6 2.5 3.3 2.8 2.7 1.4 2.8 3.4 2.1 3.0 4.4 3.5 5.1 3.6 4.7 4.0 4.4 2.2 3.6 4.7 3.1 6.4 4.3 3.3 5.0 3.5 5.2 3.9 3.9 2.0 3.6 4.7 2.8 5.2 Wyoming..................................................... Casper.................................................... 5.1 6.1 6.0 7.4 5.8 6.1 Puerto Rico................................................. Caguas.................................................... Mayaguez.................................................. Ponce..................................................... San Juan-Bayamon.......................................... 10.1 8.9 11.5 14.4 8.0 13.9 13.1 16.9 18.2 11.0 12.6 11.2 15.7 17.8 9.8 1 Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent state. p = preliminary, except for the national figures. Not available. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. Data have been revised to incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls and revised inputs to the regression models.