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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 99-19 Employment (202) 606-6559 Unemployment 606-6392 Media contact: 606-5902 For release: 10:00 A.M. EST Friday, January 22, 1999 REGIONAL AND STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: DECEMBER 1998 Regional and state unemployment rates continued to be relatively stable in December. All four regions reported little or no change from November, and 41 states recorded shifts of 0.3 percentage point or less, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The national jobless rate, 4.3 percent, was little changed from November. Nonfarm payroll employment rose in 45 states. Regional Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) The Midwest's unemployment rate, 3.5 percent in December, remained the lowest among the four regions, while the West again recorded the highest rate, 5.2 percent. Compared with a year earlier, jobless rates were lower by 0.7 percentage point in the Northeast and 0.4 point each in the Midwest and South. The West's rate was little changed over the year. (See table 1.) Among the nine geographic divisions, the West North Central, at 2.9 percent, continued to report the lowest unemployment rate. The Pacific division again had the highest rate, 5.7 percent. No division had an overthe-month change of more than 0.2 percentage point in either direction. From December 1997, New England experienced the largest rate decline (-0.9 percentage point), followed by the East South Central (-0.6 point) and Middle Atlantic (-0.5 point) divisions. No division had an over-the-year rate increase. State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) Unemployment rates in 31 states were below the U.S. average in December, while rates in 18 states and the District of Columbia were higher. The lowest rates were in five West North Central states: Minnesota, Nebraska, and North Dakota (2.5 percent each); South Dakota (2.6 percent), and Iowa (2.7 percent). Twelve other states recorded rates below 3.5 percent. New Mexico reported the highest rate, 6.4 percent, followed by Hawaii (6.1 percent), West Virginia (6.0 percent), and California (5.9 percent). The District of Columbia's rate was 7.6 percent. Six of the eight states with the highest rates were in the West. (See table 3 and chart 1.) Unemployment rates decreased over the month in 24 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 14 states, and remained the same in 12 states. The District of Columbia experienced the largest rate decline from November, -1.1 percentage points. The next largest decreases were recorded by two New England states, Rhode Island (-1.0 percentage point) and Connecticut (-0.7 point). Both states achieved new lows for this decade. Additionally, Nevada's jobless rate was down 0.6 point over the month to a series low of 3.1 percent. No other state had an over-the-month change of more than one-half point in either direction, though Missouri, at 3.3 percent, also recorded a series low. - 2 Over the year, unemployment rates decreased in 34 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 12 states, and were unchanged in 4 states. Alaska had the largest rate decline (-1.6 percentage points), followed by Connecticut and Maine (-1.4 points each). Sixteen additional states and the District of Columbia recorded over-the-year rate decreases ranging from one-half to a full percentage point. In contrast, the largest increase over the year was a 0.9 percentage point jump in Oklahoma, followed by 0.6 and 0.5 point rises in Nebraska and North Dakota, respectively. Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted) Total nonfarm employment increased in 45 states from November to December. Wyoming reported the largest percentage gain (0.6 percent), followed by Delaware, Montana, Oregon, and Utah (0.5 percent each). The largest employment increases occurred in Illinois (22,900), New York (17,900), and Texas (13,600). Meanwhile, the largest employment decreases were in Michigan (-5,400), Hawaii (-1,900), and the District of Columbia (-900). The largest percentage decreases occurred in Hawaii (-0.4 percent), followed by the District of Columbia, Michigan, South Dakota, and Alaska (-0.1 percent each). (See table 5.) Over the month, all major industry divisions showed growth in a majority of states. Notable growth occurred in the construction industry, where 12 states and the District of Columbia showed growth of 2 percent or greater. Unseasonably warm weather in the North and East allowed for a longer building season across the country, forestalling normal seasonal layoffs. Over the year, employment increased in 49 states and the District of Columbia. Only Hawaii showed a decrease. Twenty states showed employment increases of 2.0 percent or greater. The largest percentage gains were reported in Nevada (4.9 percent), Arizona (4.2 percent), and South Carolina (4.1 percent). Meanwhile, the largest overall employment gains occurred in California (346,900), Florida (227,100), and Texas (226,200). An over-theyear employment decline occurred in Hawaii (-8,200, or -1.5 percent). (See chart 2.) ___________ The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for December 1998 is scheduled to be issued on Feb. 3. The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release for January 1999 is scheduled to be issued on March 4. -----------------------------------------------------------------| Note: Effective with the release of data for January 1999, | |labor force estimates for regions, divisions, states, the District| |of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New| |York City will be revised to incorporate updated population | |controls, revised seasonal adjustment factors, reestimation of | |models, and benchmarking to CPS annual averages. Not-seasonally- | |adjusted data back to 1996 and seasonally-adjusted data back to | |1994 are subject to revision. All nonfarm payroll employment | |estimates for states and areas will be adjusted to 1998 benchmark | |levels. Not-seasonally-adjusted payroll data for states and areas| |back to April 1997 and seasonally-adjusted data for states back to| |1994 will be subject to revision. | -----------------------------------------------------------------Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions and divisions, states, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1-4). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 5 and 6). The LAUS and CES programs are both Federal-State cooperative endeavors. Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labormanagement dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method utilizes data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Effective January 1998, estimates for census regions and divisions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component states and then calculating the unemployment rate. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the two large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual averages, usually effective with January estimates. The regional and state data will not sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los AngelesLong Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently adjusted levels. Region and division levels are calculated as the sum of the levels of the component states. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar year, usually coincident with January estimates. Employment--from the CES program Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, except for federal government employment, which represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios. Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals for states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for major industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments. Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to national totals. Because each state series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure. Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences, however, are generally insignificant. Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error, in the form of standard errors for state annual average estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings. Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request. Additional information More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800), and from the BLS Handbook of Methods, Bulletin 2490, August 1997. Estimates of labor force and unemployment for over 330 metropolitan areas are available in the news release, Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are available from the BLS Internet at (http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES program are available at (http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm). Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Census region and division Number Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Percent of labor force Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Northeast........... 26,078.5 26,056.5 26,086.2 26,067.3 1,320.0 1,202.4 1,189.8 1,158.9 5.1 4.6 4.6 4.4 New England....... 7,132.8 7,142.5 7,153.6 7,146.4 Middle Atlantic... 18,945.7 18,914.0 18,932.7 18,920.8 292.7 1,027.3 259.9 942.5 245.6 944.2 228.2 930.7 4.1 5.4 3.6 5.0 3.4 5.0 3.2 4.9 South............... 47,694.8 48,330.6 48,282.0 48,378.6 2,171.5 2,107.9 2,065.9 2,041.6 4.6 4.4 4.3 4.2 South Atlantic.... 24,677.1 24,978.6 24,996.4 25,013.5 East South Central 8,145.8 8,178.4 8,164.7 8,197.7 West South Central 14,871.9 15,173.5 15,121.0 15,167.5 1,046.7 397.5 727.2 1,008.4 354.6 744.9 1,002.2 345.6 718.1 952.0 353.8 735.8 4.2 4.9 4.9 4.0 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.2 4.7 3.8 4.3 4.9 Midwest............. 33,246.3 33,419.8 33,429.6 33,432.6 1,286.6 1,197.4 1,206.1 1,173.1 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 East North Central 23,027.2 23,144.1 23,147.5 23,157.1 West North Central 10,219.1 10,275.7 10,282.1 10,275.5 959.3 327.4 893.5 303.9 897.1 309.0 876.0 297.1 4.2 3.2 3.9 3.0 3.9 3.0 3.8 2.9 West................ 30,425.5 30,953.1 30,964.7 30,959.6 1,606.5 1,637.9 1,607.3 1,613.9 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2 Mountain.......... 8,599.7 8,830.8 8,837.2 8,855.4 Pacific........... 21,825.8 22,122.3 22,127.5 22,104.2 349.7 1,256.8 361.9 1,276.0 360.6 1,246.7 359.9 1,254.0 4.1 5.8 4.1 5.8 4.1 5.6 4.1 5.7 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. p = preliminary. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, not seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Number Census region and division November December November 1997 1998 Percent of labor force 1997 December November December 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p Northeast........... 26,117.8 26,087.1 26,012.4 26,006.6 1,262.6 1,108.3 1,214.2 1,057.2 4.8 4.2 4.7 4.1 New England....... 7,135.2 7,151.5 7,101.0 7,116.2 Middle Atlantic... 18,982.5 18,935.7 18,911.4 18,890.5 274.2 988.4 224.0 884.4 267.4 946.8 205.8 851.5 3.8 5.2 3.1 4.7 3.8 5.0 2.9 4.5 South............... 47,727.3 48,426.7 47,532.4 48,230.6 2,113.5 1,969.6 1,970.2 1,846.0 4.4 4.1 4.1 3.8 South Atlantic.... 24,659.0 25,028.4 24,568.7 24,910.7 East South Central 8,193.1 8,226.1 8,128.9 8,188.1 West South Central 14,875.2 15,172.2 14,834.8 15,131.9 1,018.1 385.1 710.3 959.7 324.1 685.7 960.4 336.3 673.6 865.9 298.5 681.6 4.1 4.7 4.8 3.8 3.9 4.5 3.9 4.1 4.5 3.5 3.6 4.5 Midwest............. 33,242.4 33,506.6 33,145.4 33,338.3 1,184.2 1,106.8 1,211.5 1,105.2 3.6 3.3 3.7 3.3 East North Central 23,041.1 23,202.9 22,980.0 23,113.1 West North Central 10,201.3 10,303.7 10,165.4 10,225.2 885.0 299.3 828.8 278.0 904.0 307.5 829.3 275.9 3.8 2.9 3.6 2.7 3.9 3.0 3.6 2.7 West................ 30,349.8 30,991.1 30,316.6 30,849.3 1,555.9 1,551.4 1,508.3 1,509.0 5.1 5.0 5.0 4.9 Mountain.......... 8,585.5 8,872.3 8,578.2 8,835.6 Pacific........... 21,764.4 22,118.8 21,738.5 22,013.7 327.9 1,228.0 338.5 1,213.0 324.1 1,184.1 331.4 1,177.6 3.8 5.6 3.8 5.5 3.8 5.4 3.8 5.3 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. The composition of the regions and divisions is described in table 1. p = preliminary. NOTE: All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 3. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted Unemployed Civilian labor force State and Area Number Percent of labor force Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Alabama................ Alaska................. Arizona................ Arkansas............... California............. Los Angeles-Long Beach............. Colorado............... Connecticut............ Delaware............... District of Columbia... Florida................ 2,154.1 318.5 2,237.7 1,240.6 16,122.8 2,158.6 321.0 2,282.4 1,248.4 16,310.5 2,153.2 317.7 2,291.9 1,247.9 16,326.6 2,159.0 317.2 2,310.1 1,251.1 16,297.3 99.1 22.6 93.0 62.1 971.0 94.2 19.5 80.9 67.8 968.9 91.2 16.6 90.6 66.2 945.9 4,567.3 2,199.7 1,728.2 387.0 255.7 7,253.6 4,631.6 2,279.3 1,720.7 397.6 260.6 7,359.0 4,691.1 2,270.3 1,725.9 397.3 259.2 7,354.3 4,602.7 2,269.8 1,714.9 397.1 258.2 7,350.9 300.8 66.9 77.5 13.0 20.8 337.7 314.6 84.4 65.0 14.1 23.5 322.3 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,918.0 593.1 641.0 6,162.1 3,113.0 1,581.7 1,404.4 1,937.2 2,043.8 661.1 4,001.6 599.0 662.7 6,186.4 3,104.7 1,567.2 1,429.4 1,946.1 2,069.9 661.0 4,023.0 595.8 663.7 6,169.3 3,123.6 1,568.6 1,428.9 1,946.0 2,059.2 666.4 4,026.8 601.0 663.8 6,181.3 3,136.3 1,575.0 1,424.3 1,952.5 2,070.7 662.8 158.9 35.4 33.6 295.1 109.1 46.0 52.7 92.3 117.3 34.9 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ 2,790.8 3,254.5 5,013.0 2,670.8 1,279.3 2,793.2 3,273.4 5,079.3 2,691.1 1,286.3 2,795.9 3,269.2 5,084.3 2,701.2 1,283.0 2,807.7 3,276.2 5,085.0 2,704.7 1,290.8 133.7 124.3 197.3 77.3 65.6 Dec. 1998p Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. Dec. 1998 1998p 87.1 17.6 93.9 65.9 955.6 4.6 7.1 4.2 5.0 6.0 4.4 6.1 3.5 5.4 5.9 4.2 5.2 4.0 5.3 5.8 4.0 5.5 4.1 5.3 5.9 313.9 77.6 65.5 14.5 22.5 321.6 307.5 76.0 52.4 12.3 19.7 305.7 6.6 3.0 4.5 3.4 8.1 4.7 6.8 3.7 3.8 3.6 9.0 4.4 6.7 3.4 3.8 3.6 8.7 4.4 6.7 3.3 3.1 3.1 7.6 4.2 155.4 35.0 33.3 270.2 85.9 41.4 52.0 83.0 103.3 29.7 162.0 35.2 31.7 277.7 93.1 39.9 52.5 82.2 109.8 28.6 156.0 36.8 33.2 257.1 94.1 42.1 50.9 79.0 110.1 25.6 4.1 6.0 5.2 4.8 3.5 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.7 5.3 3.9 5.8 5.0 4.4 2.8 2.6 3.6 4.3 5.0 4.5 4.0 5.9 4.8 4.5 3.0 2.5 3.7 4.2 5.3 4.3 3.9 6.1 5.0 4.2 3.0 2.7 3.6 4.0 5.3 3.9 115.3 109.8 186.5 59.1 64.7 119.8 96.3 182.6 66.3 63.3 107.7 101.3 194.3 66.4 69.0 4.8 3.8 3.9 2.9 5.1 4.1 3.4 3.7 2.2 5.0 4.3 2.9 3.6 2.5 4.9 3.8 3.1 3.8 2.5 5.3 Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,895.0 460.6 923.6 900.6 651.2 2,908.1 466.1 931.0 942.7 654.4 2,900.5 469.1 933.7 948.1 657.7 2,887.4 471.3 935.8 939.5 657.5 115.7 24.7 17.7 35.8 19.1 110.9 25.6 21.1 35.3 18.7 107.9 26.6 22.8 35.1 20.5 94.9 25.8 23.6 29.0 19.0 4.0 5.4 1.9 4.0 2.9 3.8 5.5 2.3 3.7 2.9 3.7 5.7 2.4 3.7 3.1 3.3 5.5 2.5 3.1 2.9 New Jersey............. New Mexico............. New York............... New York City........ North Carolina......... North Dakota........... Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... 4,178.1 835.5 8,775.9 3,321.9 3,828.0 346.1 5,786.2 1,607.5 1,775.4 5,991.7 507.5 4,183.0 849.1 8,795.6 3,371.3 3,827.2 346.5 5,805.7 1,638.3 1,804.8 5,935.5 502.2 4,178.6 847.4 8,816.3 3,380.8 3,822.1 345.0 5,802.2 1,639.7 1,805.1 5,937.8 502.8 4,187.0 849.1 8,808.0 3,380.4 3,827.8 344.4 5,790.1 1,645.8 1,795.0 5,925.9 502.4 206.6 53.3 534.0 280.8 139.8 7.0 254.6 57.3 94.2 286.7 24.6 190.6 55.0 474.1 266.6 137.9 9.0 248.6 70.6 103.2 277.8 26.2 187.7 54.1 480.8 270.1 127.1 8.7 239.1 69.2 102.6 275.7 25.0 184.0 54.4 483.3 272.7 118.6 8.7 225.7 73.4 98.4 263.4 20.2 4.9 6.4 6.1 8.5 3.7 2.0 4.4 3.6 5.3 4.8 4.9 4.6 6.5 5.4 7.9 3.6 2.6 4.3 4.3 5.7 4.7 5.2 4.5 6.4 5.5 8.0 3.3 2.5 4.1 4.2 5.7 4.6 5.0 4.4 6.4 5.5 8.1 3.1 2.5 3.9 4.5 5.5 4.4 4.0 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,902.9 397.5 2,775.2 9,979.9 1,069.7 330.3 3,538.4 3,016.0 802.7 2,953.0 254.9 1,949.8 402.3 2,787.4 10,216.9 1,090.4 330.8 3,579.1 3,087.0 810.4 2,968.0 258.1 1,959.5 404.1 2,782.4 10,174.2 1,088.7 331.6 3,577.5 3,082.3 807.5 2,968.0 257.9 1,951.2 403.9 2,795.4 10,200.0 1,094.2 332.7 3,587.7 3,093.7 806.1 2,964.4 257.5 70.0 10.8 140.6 490.5 30.9 12.3 121.2 133.6 51.6 103.2 11.4 74.2 10.4 112.7 503.2 35.1 10.5 112.3 149.4 53.4 102.3 12.4 76.1 10.8 109.0 472.8 32.5 9.7 107.5 146.4 51.1 104.7 12.3 75.8 10.4 118.8 486.4 36.1 9.7 108.0 145.5 48.2 104.7 11.5 3.7 2.7 5.1 4.9 2.9 3.7 3.4 4.4 6.4 3.5 4.5 3.8 2.6 4.0 4.9 3.2 3.2 3.1 4.8 6.6 3.4 4.8 3.9 2.7 3.9 4.6 3.0 2.9 3.0 4.7 6.3 3.5 4.8 3.9 2.6 4.3 4.8 3.3 2.9 3.0 4.7 6.0 3.5 4.5 Puerto Rico............ 1,294.1 1,259.3 1,298.9 1,329.2 187.2 180.0 172.7 163.8 14.5 14.3 13.3 12.3 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 4. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, not seasonally adjusted Unemployed Civilian labor force State Number November December November Percent of labor force December 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 Alabama................ Alaska................. Arizona................ Arkansas............... California............. Los Angeles-Long Beach............. Colorado............... Connecticut............ Delaware............... District of Columbia... Florida................ 2,178.8 314.8 2,224.9 1,226.1 16,092.0 2,166.7 315.6 2,304.7 1,245.1 16,333.5 2,153.5 314.5 2,236.8 1,229.8 16,053.7 2,157.7 313.5 2,311.4 1,241.7 16,223.6 97.3 22.9 88.5 54.3 943.9 86.3 16.9 83.6 57.9 914.1 82.9 23.2 83.8 61.9 899.6 4,521.8 2,210.0 1,721.5 386.6 255.2 7,240.8 4,678.9 2,282.2 1,721.8 400.2 258.1 7,379.2 4,557.5 2,195.9 1,714.4 387.7 254.7 7,249.1 4,591.5 2,264.7 1,701.8 398.1 256.4 7,353.4 283.5 63.6 72.3 11.5 20.3 334.4 299.7 73.4 58.1 13.1 21.6 318.4 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,950.1 594.2 637.6 6,169.3 3,115.5 1,579.8 1,402.7 1,948.9 2,039.6 652.6 4,045.2 597.6 663.6 6,182.4 3,125.5 1,574.1 1,438.1 1,956.8 2,059.9 660.6 3,928.8 592.7 637.7 6,164.0 3,093.5 1,574.8 1,402.8 1,934.7 2,023.0 652.2 4,034.9 601.0 660.5 6,184.2 3,117.3 1,567.1 1,424.9 1,951.6 2,047.9 655.5 156.1 34.2 29.8 268.0 100.4 42.5 49.5 90.5 110.4 34.2 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,791.5 3,265.8 5,016.5 2,671.9 1,279.1 2,889.9 455.2 920.6 897.6 654.2 2,798.4 3,270.7 5,095.9 2,713.7 1,283.8 2,898.0 465.4 936.1 948.6 658.5 2,768.2 3,246.1 5,003.2 2,650.0 1,278.2 2,891.1 454.1 917.0 896.6 648.0 2,784.0 3,266.5 5,071.9 2,685.7 1,291.2 2,883.1 464.8 929.8 935.7 654.3 134.7 113.6 177.2 67.3 60.6 107.5 24.1 15.5 32.6 19.2 1998p November December 1997 1998 1997 1998p 71.6 18.4 84.2 65.0 878.4 4.5 7.3 4.0 4.4 5.9 4.0 5.4 3.6 4.6 5.6 3.8 7.4 3.7 5.0 5.6 3.3 5.9 3.6 5.2 5.4 272.5 58.5 72.4 11.5 19.6 310.4 278.4 66.9 47.6 10.6 18.4 280.0 6.3 2.9 4.2 3.0 7.9 4.6 6.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 8.4 4.3 6.0 2.7 4.2 3.0 7.7 4.3 6.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 7.2 3.8 153.3 34.2 29.7 255.5 85.5 37.7 52.0 79.2 100.0 28.6 148.7 30.6 34.7 288.1 104.3 45.3 47.7 84.6 108.1 32.7 144.7 32.3 34.3 254.1 90.9 41.8 46.0 74.1 101.0 24.6 4.0 5.8 4.7 4.3 3.2 2.7 3.5 4.6 5.4 5.2 3.8 5.7 4.5 4.1 2.7 2.4 3.6 4.0 4.9 4.3 3.8 5.2 5.4 4.7 3.4 2.9 3.4 4.4 5.3 5.0 3.6 5.4 5.2 4.1 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.8 4.9 3.8 117.0 85.1 159.9 54.2 53.4 97.1 25.9 19.0 31.4 20.1 123.4 110.1 174.4 69.3 52.3 112.7 26.1 14.3 33.9 17.6 97.1 88.5 171.4 58.6 55.7 90.1 27.2 19.7 26.5 17.3 4.8 3.5 3.5 2.5 4.7 3.7 5.3 1.7 3.6 2.9 4.2 2.6 3.1 2.0 4.2 3.3 5.6 2.0 3.3 3.1 4.5 3.4 3.5 2.6 4.1 3.9 5.7 1.6 3.8 2.7 3.5 2.7 3.4 2.2 4.3 3.1 5.9 2.1 2.8 2.6 New Jersey............. New Mexico............. New York............... New York City........ North Carolina......... North Dakota........... Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... 4,187.7 836.3 8,780.0 3,344.6 3,850.0 341.6 5,800.0 1,611.6 1,767.8 6,014.8 510.5 4,177.7 851.4 8,794.0 3,379.9 3,828.0 340.2 5,837.6 1,644.4 1,806.1 5,963.9 506.4 4,177.0 832.7 8,747.1 3,326.7 3,800.1 339.4 5,783.3 1,595.4 1,764.5 5,987.3 508.5 4,184.2 846.1 8,781.9 3,385.1 3,798.6 337.8 5,790.9 1,633.2 1,785.2 5,924.4 503.3 195.2 47.7 517.6 280.9 134.2 6.4 250.3 56.0 92.1 275.6 22.8 175.2 50.9 450.7 258.4 121.9 7.9 235.5 64.5 98.5 258.5 22.4 196.7 49.4 498.6 264.9 125.3 7.3 248.5 53.5 91.0 251.5 22.8 172.7 50.6 450.9 258.4 104.2 9.1 220.9 68.6 95.5 227.9 18.2 4.7 5.7 5.9 8.4 3.5 1.9 4.3 3.5 5.2 4.6 4.5 4.2 6.0 5.1 7.6 3.2 2.3 4.0 3.9 5.5 4.3 4.4 4.7 5.9 5.7 8.0 3.3 2.2 4.3 3.4 5.2 4.2 4.5 4.1 6.0 5.1 7.6 2.7 2.7 3.8 4.2 5.3 3.8 3.6 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,893.7 394.8 2,786.3 9,997.9 1,071.5 330.6 3,488.2 2,995.5 803.0 2,939.7 252.4 1,944.4 403.4 2,818.7 10,222.9 1,098.8 333.4 3,569.3 3,066.0 805.6 2,961.4 257.7 1,873.0 390.3 2,762.5 9,986.6 1,071.4 331.8 3,504.8 3,013.1 802.2 2,936.0 253.1 1,920.8 396.8 2,787.6 10,209.1 1,096.6 334.8 3,559.1 3,090.4 805.4 2,948.8 255.7 61.6 10.5 136.7 489.6 30.8 12.1 115.5 134.9 49.8 89.1 10.8 66.9 10.1 105.3 463.4 32.0 9.6 99.3 149.3 48.2 92.4 11.5 59.7 10.8 116.6 450.1 26.2 11.9 109.7 139.7 52.1 88.7 11.5 65.4 10.4 97.2 447.0 30.0 9.5 96.8 153.0 48.6 92.1 11.6 3.3 2.6 4.9 4.9 2.9 3.7 3.3 4.5 6.2 3.0 4.3 3.4 2.5 3.7 4.5 2.9 2.9 2.8 4.9 6.0 3.1 4.5 3.2 2.8 4.2 4.5 2.4 3.6 3.1 4.6 6.5 3.0 4.6 3.4 2.6 3.5 4.4 2.7 2.8 2.7 5.0 6.0 3.1 4.6 Puerto Rico............ 1,325.4 1,314.3 1,292.6 1,326.4 176.8 163.7 169.0 146.8 13.3 12.5 13.1 11.1 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 1,871.9 268.3 2,021.9 1,111.6 13398.3 1,886.2 273.8 2,091.0 1,126.1 13698.2 1,886.1 274.2 2,103.0 1,128.8 13740.8 1,894.9 273.9 2,107.0 1,128.5 13745.2 96.2 12.8 131.6 48.1 577.9 99.7 12.9 139.9 49.9 623.8 100.5 13.2 141.5 50.1 626.7 101.8 378.6 371.4 367.4 368.9 13.2 13.9 15.0 15.2 13.7 143.2 212.9 216.6 216.5 217.2 50.4 254.0 253.9 253.3 253.3 624.0 1,941.6 1,946.1 1,938.0 1,938.6 Colorado........... 2,009.5 2,065.5 2,070.2 2,074.7 Connecticut........ 1,642.6 1,649.7 1,654.8 1,662.6 Delaware........... 395.5 404.2 405.9 408.1 District of Columbia........ 610.4 611.7 611.4 610.5 Florida............ 6,551.6 6,743.6 6,771.8 6,778.7 122.1 58.9 22.5 132.5 59.8 22.9 130.5 60.3 23.4 129.9 62.0 23.7 207.7 276.3 58.7 206.5 275.9 59.0 206.5 275.0 59.4 206.3 274.3 59.6 8.8 339.9 8.4 352.6 8.2 354.5 8.4 355.5 12.6 491.9 12.9 490.3 12.8 489.7 12.8 490.1 Georgia............ 3,690.0 3,757.5 3,776.7 3,784.6 Hawaii(2).......... 530.5 526.7 524.2 522.3 Idaho.............. 514.0 523.6 524.0 524.5 Illinois........... 5,833.8 5,890.5 5,889.7 5,912.6 Indiana............ 2,884.0 2,886.7 2,884.6 2,896.2 175.2 21.8 32.3 239.1 142.9 183.0 19.8 32.7 242.2 139.3 184.4 19.6 32.6 241.1 139.9 186.4 19.8 31.7 243.0 140.1 590.0 16.5 75.8 980.9 679.6 593.7 16.0 75.7 981.3 681.4 592.9 16.0 76.3 974.1 681.6 593.0 16.0 75.4 972.8 682.0 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 1,419.2 1,287.4 1,732.0 1,869.8 561.4 1,448.5 1,312.2 1,755.4 1,885.5 569.3 1,444.3 1,316.1 1,757.1 1,889.8 570.4 1,451.4 1,318.3 1,761.0 1,892.9 571.4 61.0 59.3 82.3 117.1 24.4 62.3 62.1 85.9 123.8 25.4 61.8 61.9 85.6 125.6 25.6 62.7 63.5 86.0 125.1 26.2 256.3 208.9 316.7 190.8 88.1 259.8 212.3 315.6 188.6 86.6 258.8 212.8 314.9 189.9 86.2 259.3 212.3 313.8 190.3 86.0 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,273.8 3,168.4 4,489.6 2,518.5 1,112.6 2,309.3 3,212.4 4,565.4 2,564.1 1,124.7 2,314.3 3,216.9 4,562.8 2,564.5 1,123.2 2,320.8 3,225.9 4,557.4 2,568.7 1,124.8 140.3 104.4 186.1 96.3 51.5 138.9 108.2 188.3 100.9 55.6 139.6 110.5 190.3 102.3 56.5 140.5 112.2 190.8 104.3 56.4 176.7 452.9 969.3 440.4 241.1 174.7 446.8 978.7 441.8 239.4 173.9 444.4 971.0 441.6 238.9 173.6 444.2 968.3 441.6 240.1 Missouri........... 2,658.9 2,687.5 2,689.1 2,694.3 Montana............ 370.3 370.5 372.8 374.8 Nebraska........... 868.6 879.8 881.2 883.8 Nevada............. 907.2 948.1 948.8 951.3 New Hampshire...... 570.0 571.6 570.7 572.1 124.9 18.9 40.9 84.0 21.4 128.7 17.4 40.6 89.6 21.6 130.3 17.8 40.3 89.5 21.9 131.7 18.2 42.4 90.2 22.3 420.2 24.3 117.0 41.4 108.1 420.2 24.1 118.1 43.0 104.9 417.7 24.4 117.3 43.0 104.8 418.0 24.5 117.0 42.8 104.9 New Jersey......... 3,766.5 3,815.6 3,821.5 3,832.4 New Mexico......... 713.9 723.3 724.2 726.1 New York........... 8,095.6 8,207.4 8,217.8 8,235.7 North Carolina..... 3,715.4 3,760.4 3,766.2 3,779.3 North Dakota....... 316.2 316.8 316.4 317.5 131.9 42.2 268.1 208.7 14.9 137.8 43.2 283.5 212.1 15.0 138.2 42.5 285.3 213.2 14.7 139.1 42.7 287.1 214.2 15.2 484.4 47.3 925.1 833.5 23.6 473.9 44.7 916.5 819.1 23.3 474.7 44.3 914.5 818.4 23.6 474.8 44.6 915.8 817.7 23.6 Ohio............... 5,421.7 5,484.4 5,484.2 5,485.4 Oklahoma........... 1,405.1 1,436.7 1,443.6 1,445.9 225.3 50.8 232.9 52.8 234.3 52.8 234.0 1,093.8 1,093.1 1,088.1 1,086.9 53.3 183.7 185.8 186.6 186.2 Oregon............. 1,551.0 1,573.0 1,576.8 1,584.7 Pennsylvania....... 5,446.5 5,479.5 5,484.8 5,488.7 Rhode Island....... 453.4 455.2 455.8 456.3 84.6 217.1 15.1 84.6 220.2 17.1 84.7 222.4 17.3 85.3 227.1 17.8 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 1,820.5 362.4 2,643.4 8,986.9 1,035.5 103.3 15.9 118.1 467.0 66.5 111.5 15.7 122.7 488.6 68.2 111.9 15.8 123.7 490.4 69.0 113.4 362.2 363.3 363.0 363.1 15.9 49.9 50.2 50.3 50.4 124.1 517.7 507.4 505.8 506.2 489.7 1,093.9 1,096.8 1,094.0 1,093.3 69.2 134.0 134.4 135.2 135.5 Vermont............ 281.4 282.9 283.7 285.1 Virginia........... 3,278.7 3,343.1 3,345.4 3,355.5 Washington......... 2,543.6 2,609.9 2,612.4 2,622.8 West Virginia...... 717.1 726.6 725.2 728.3 Wisconsin.......... 2,684.9 2,715.8 2,722.0 2,727.8 Wyoming............ 223.0 225.6 226.5 227.8 13.3 189.0 136.6 35.5 110.0 14.9 13.1 198.5 142.5 36.5 114.2 15.2 13.2 198.8 143.4 36.0 116.3 15.1 13.5 199.2 144.0 36.9 117.6 15.8 1,749.1 356.1 2,605.3 8,760.7 1,014.3 1,806.4 361.8 2,634.8 8,955.4 1,030.9 1,816.1 362.8 2,640.5 8,973.3 1,030.4 Transportation and public utilities Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 91.0 24.4 97.8 67.2 675.1 91.6 25.0 100.3 68.1 681.0 91.3 24.8 101.9 68.3 685.7 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 121.2 75.7 15.8 126.5 76.0 16.1 17.5 332.2 16.6 343.4 Dec. 1998p Trade Dec. 1997 47.2 405.8 376.0 82.7 617.4 10.9 241.3 928.7 78.2 48.2 404.8 373.1 82.5 615.0 11.0 242.0 927.4 77.6 48.3 403.4 371.6 82.0 616.9 11.0 243.1 929.8 77.8 48.6 402.6 370.8 82.7 617.7 11.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 91.8 429.4 436.5 437.6 438.4 25.2 55.4 56.0 56.0 56.6 102.3 491.3 504.6 504.1 507.2 68.4 252.7 255.4 256.7 256.8 687.7 3,106.6 3,146.6 3,157.6 3,159.5 85.1 12.2 130.3 44.5 765.1 87.4 12.5 135.8 44.1 789.1 87.6 12.4 136.4 44.1 788.3 88.4 12.4 137.5 44.2 788.3 127.0 76.2 16.3 127.8 76.9 16.3 505.8 365.0 88.5 130.0 133.6 48.6 134.0 135.8 50.0 133.9 136.3 49.8 134.4 136.6 50.0 16.7 344.0 16.6 48.8 48.3 48.2 48.2 345.8 1,680.9 1,717.0 1,724.3 1,729.2 28.4 419.2 28.9 431.5 28.8 433.0 28.8 432.5 486.5 362.3 86.1 Oct. 1998 246.7 938.6 80.1 505.7 359.6 88.5 Nov. 1998 506.0 362.9 88.1 Dec. 1998p Dec. 1998p Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ 236.4 41.0 24.2 342.0 141.5 244.0 40.5 24.7 342.5 142.1 245.2 40.1 24.8 345.6 142.2 245.1 932.4 939.4 946.4 946.3 39.5 134.4 132.4 131.5 131.3 25.3 129.7 130.6 131.4 131.8 346.1 1,336.8 1,339.3 1,344.0 1,346.7 142.8 681.9 684.8 681.7 680.3 191.7 35.7 25.6 405.2 140.4 197.6 35.1 27.0 413.4 143.4 198.4 34.8 26.7 412.8 143.2 198.4 34.6 26.7 413.2 143.3 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 66.7 72.9 99.4 112.1 23.5 69.2 75.2 102.3 114.1 23.9 69.3 75.6 101.7 114.6 23.9 69.3 75.4 102.4 114.9 24.1 352.4 323.5 423.9 441.1 144.3 80.9 60.9 70.6 86.8 29.2 82.7 60.7 71.1 86.2 31.2 82.6 61.0 71.1 86.4 31.2 82.4 60.9 71.2 86.3 31.4 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 106.3 135.3 175.3 126.0 53.5 106.7 137.2 175.9 127.0 52.8 107.2 135.6 176.3 127.3 52.2 107.5 539.1 539.4 539.0 540.7 136.2 723.6 728.9 730.6 731.2 175.6 1,050.9 1,071.5 1,073.5 1,072.7 128.1 608.6 615.6 615.9 617.5 52.6 237.8 239.6 237.6 238.2 131.3 215.7 207.1 149.1 41.1 133.3 219.2 207.6 153.5 42.0 133.9 220.1 207.9 154.3 41.9 134.3 221.3 207.1 154.7 41.7 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 164.3 21.3 54.6 46.7 19.4 165.1 21.3 56.7 48.2 19.1 165.4 21.2 57.1 48.3 19.4 165.9 21.1 57.6 48.2 19.5 638.2 100.5 214.9 191.7 151.9 155.5 16.6 55.9 41.2 29.2 159.9 17.0 57.9 43.6 29.7 160.5 17.0 58.3 44.0 30.0 160.8 17.1 58.2 44.0 30.1 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 260.4 32.5 410.7 170.9 18.0 264.2 33.6 412.8 170.5 18.2 263.5 33.7 412.2 171.9 18.1 263.3 880.1 894.1 896.4 898.2 33.6 169.1 173.3 173.7 174.2 412.1 1,655.5 1,672.8 1,677.5 1,680.6 173.2 840.5 855.7 858.0 861.4 18.1 82.0 81.4 80.9 81.2 242.2 31.4 722.1 169.3 15.2 245.5 31.9 733.1 178.6 15.7 246.2 32.1 733.9 179.0 15.9 247.4 32.2 736.1 179.7 15.9 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 233.3 80.9 74.4 278.2 15.9 234.8 83.5 75.6 281.7 15.7 234.5 83.9 75.9 281.7 15.9 233.5 1,321.3 1,322.7 1,324.5 1,327.6 84.1 327.3 331.6 333.2 333.9 76.1 384.8 389.3 389.7 391.4 280.4 1,228.0 1,235.6 1,232.4 1,231.1 15.9 98.6 98.6 99.3 99.7 288.9 70.2 96.0 317.6 26.6 294.2 71.3 97.7 321.4 28.1 293.9 71.5 97.2 321.9 28.3 293.7 71.6 97.6 322.3 28.3 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 76.9 15.8 150.1 526.0 57.7 79.3 16.3 152.0 548.2 58.2 79.7 16.2 152.0 548.8 58.2 79.9 427.6 443.9 449.7 450.7 16.1 88.1 89.6 89.5 89.7 151.7 618.4 621.0 622.9 626.7 550.0 2,081.5 2,113.1 2,117.4 2,126.4 58.6 242.7 244.6 243.3 244.0 75.8 21.7 121.7 471.2 53.9 79.4 22.9 122.9 486.0 54.2 79.9 23.2 123.2 486.0 54.0 80.3 23.2 123.1 488.1 53.9 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... 12.3 171.3 133.9 38.8 12.2 174.1 138.9 39.4 12.3 174.2 139.7 39.7 12.3 174.5 139.7 39.5 12.2 169.5 131.0 28.6 12.2 173.8 136.5 28.9 12.4 173.7 136.9 29.2 12.4 174.4 137.4 29.3 347.7 314.4 416.1 436.2 142.4 626.4 99.4 211.7 183.1 150.2 65.3 734.4 612.8 164.5 352.1 322.2 418.2 437.2 143.7 636.9 99.9 215.1 189.9 151.3 65.7 743.5 633.5 166.2 351.1 322.8 421.7 438.3 144.7 636.7 100.4 215.9 190.7 150.1 66.0 743.0 635.4 165.1 66.1 743.6 637.0 165.7 Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 122.5 13.9 124.1 13.9 123.9 14.0 124.6 14.0 609.5 52.3 Services Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 618.8 52.9 617.8 52.9 619.0 53.1 Government Dec. 1998p Dec. 1997 Oct. 1998 Nov. 1998 Dec. 1998p Alabama............ 434.3 440.3 441.8 443.9 347.3 349.7 350.3 352.2 Alaska............. 66.0 68.3 68.2 68.3 73.5 73.6 73.8 74.0 Arizona............ 616.3 639.4 641.6 642.2 327.5 341.2 347.9 344.4 Arkansas........... 257.7 263.9 264.8 265.5 183.9 187.3 188.0 186.4 California......... 4,142.0 4,280.3 4,304.0 4,305.0 2,160.5 2,203.3 2,212.7 2,214.2 Colorado........... 610.8 623.7 628.9 633.5 Connecticut........ 508.7 515.7 517.9 520.2 Delaware........... 109.9 113.3 114.5 115.0 District of Columbia........ 265.6 271.5 271.8 271.2 Florida............ 2,330.5 2,433.4 2,445.4 2,452.3 317.0 226.3 53.8 322.9 226.1 54.3 323.8 225.4 54.3 323.6 226.8 54.9 228.6 950.5 225.0 968.4 224.8 973.9 224.4 966.3 Georgia............ 973.2 996.3 1,006.4 1,010.2 Hawaii(2).......... 169.5 169.8 169.8 169.1 Idaho.............. 123.9 126.2 126.0 127.0 Illinois........... 1,714.0 1,751.2 1,752.7 1,758.3 Indiana............ 700.7 699.8 702.8 706.2 582.9 111.6 99.4 804.1 390.4 594.8 113.1 103.5 809.1 389.4 594.2 112.4 103.2 808.2 386.7 596.3 112.0 103.5 821.2 395.1 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 383.2 334.8 446.7 513.9 167.0 234.6 237.8 291.1 365.2 93.0 239.6 241.3 295.5 370.6 92.1 237.6 240.5 294.3 369.5 91.8 240.0 240.0 294.9 368.2 92.3 Maryland........... 764.0 780.9 784.7 788.3 Massachusetts...... 1,126.1 1,157.8 1,160.7 1,164.8 Michigan........... 1,243.2 1,278.5 1,278.9 1,280.7 414.8 409.0 650.0 434.1 412.8 657.4 434.8 413.6 657.3 434.7 414.6 654.6 369.9 325.0 433.3 506.0 160.7 380.7 330.5 444.7 511.8 166.3 381.1 333.6 445.7 512.4 166.9 141.9 8.2 145.6 8.4 146.1 8.5 146.3 8.4 Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 710.5 261.3 730.6 262.7 731.8 263.7 732.1 262.6 379.9 220.3 387.0 226.7 383.5 226.5 382.7 227.5 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 746.5 106.6 233.3 387.2 165.7 747.5 107.1 236.8 406.2 165.4 750.0 107.6 238.7 406.2 165.2 747.3 108.2 240.0 406.8 166.2 416.4 77.9 154.0 109.2 75.6 424.3 78.3 153.3 113.9 79.2 423.5 79.1 152.2 113.6 78.9 427.3 79.8 152.4 114.0 76.8 New Jersey......... 1,195.1 1,227.7 1,231.1 1,236.3 570.5 570.5 569.5 571.2 New Mexico......... 197.2 203.9 204.8 205.7 178.6 177.9 178.4 178.6 New York........... 2,736.5 2,811.1 2,819.9 2,828.2 1,373.3 1,373.1 1,370.0 1,371.5 North Carolina..... 899.5 918.1 920.2 925.4 589.0 602.3 601.5 603.7 North Dakota....... 87.8 88.8 88.4 88.3 70.5 70.5 70.9 71.2 Ohio............... 1,484.7 1,523.9 1,527.1 1,527.3 Oklahoma........... 383.0 396.9 400.1 401.8 Oregon............. 408.7 421.5 424.9 426.8 Pennsylvania....... 1,732.9 1,751.2 1,755.4 1,754.2 Rhode Island....... 152.1 153.7 153.4 152.7 760.9 277.3 253.9 713.8 64.8 769.8 283.1 261.2 721.1 63.6 768.8 284.0 260.6 723.5 63.8 769.3 283.6 262.6 723.8 63.9 South Carolina..... 401.4 421.7 424.3 425.8 300.0 305.4 305.7 305.4 South Dakota....... 92.5 95.5 95.2 95.4 70.1 69.9 71.0 70.1 Tennessee.......... 691.1 703.6 706.7 705.3 383.6 400.7 401.8 401.7 Texas.............. 2,457.1 2,533.1 2,543.7 2,550.1 1,496.7 1,525.9 1,530.1 1,527.4 Utah............... 276.4 283.6 283.4 286.0 174.8 179.7 179.4 180.4 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 84.7 85.3 85.2 85.7 999.2 1,033.3 1,038.4 1,045.0 689.4 719.5 721.6 725.7 202.5 208.7 208.9 209.7 692.3 704.1 705.8 707.4 49.0 49.7 50.2 50.4 45.7 598.5 460.3 140.8 388.7 57.1 45.7 603.9 462.4 141.4 391.7 57.1 45.7 602.7 460.4 141.1 392.9 57.6 45.9 605.0 464.8 141.5 392.9 57.5 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) State November Construction December November Manufacturing December 1997 1998 December 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1,887.0 262.3 2,037.6 1,119.5 13463.9 1,902.3 267.7 2,129.1 1,137.7 13837.7 1,885.8 257.7 2,053.5 1,118.0 13516.3 1,908.7 263.3 2,139.0 1,135.0 13866.2 97.5 12.4 133.1 48.2 581.9 101.5 12.9 143.3 50.3 635.6 96.0 11.2 132.3 47.2 576.4 101.7 380.3 368.9 380.4 370.6 11.6 11.1 10.8 8.1 8.0 143.9 211.8 216.6 213.0 217.3 49.5 253.5 253.5 254.3 253.7 622.6 1,936.4 1,937.6 1,935.2 1,931.8 Colorado........... 2,015.3 2,082.3 2,035.8 2,102.3 Connecticut........ 1,655.6 1,676.1 1,665.5 1,685.8 Delaware........... 396.8 409.2 397.9 410.6 District of Columbia........ 613.2 613.9 614.3 614.2 Florida............ 6,573.8 6,810.7 6,637.3 6,866.9 119.7 60.0 22.9 132.2 62.2 24.1 120.5 57.9 22.7 128.4 60.9 23.9 207.5 277.6 58.4 207.4 276.6 59.4 208.2 278.2 58.6 206.8 276.3 59.5 8.5 341.9 8.3 357.1 8.6 341.6 8.2 357.2 12.7 494.0 12.9 492.1 12.7 494.8 12.9 493.1 Georgia............ 3,707.2 3,809.7 3,731.1 3,826.4 Hawaii(2).......... 535.5 526.8 537.4 529.1 Idaho.............. 518.5 529.0 515.7 526.2 Illinois........... 5,882.6 5,949.3 5,881.9 5,961.4 Indiana............ 2,913.1 2,923.6 2,912.6 2,924.7 175.7 22.6 33.3 250.1 145.5 186.8 20.3 33.4 251.9 143.0 175.8 22.1 31.1 238.3 140.8 187.1 20.1 30.5 242.2 138.0 591.0 16.5 76.1 980.9 678.8 594.7 15.9 76.9 975.5 682.0 592.4 16.4 76.0 982.1 680.7 595.4 15.9 75.6 973.9 683.0 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 1,434.3 1,296.4 1,745.2 1,878.8 569.9 1,461.9 1,329.6 1,776.0 1,901.0 579.6 1,431.8 1,295.9 1,748.3 1,881.7 567.0 1,464.4 1,327.2 1,777.5 1,904.9 577.0 63.3 60.4 84.6 117.7 26.3 64.6 62.9 88.6 125.8 27.5 58.9 57.5 82.9 117.3 24.6 60.6 61.7 86.5 125.3 26.5 257.2 208.4 316.1 192.2 89.2 260.0 212.7 315.0 191.4 87.6 257.0 209.0 318.4 191.3 89.2 260.1 212.5 315.5 190.8 87.1 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,288.7 3,194.6 4,521.9 2,538.5 1,122.0 2,330.9 3,254.1 4,613.8 2,590.5 1,131.9 2,292.0 3,203.6 4,544.9 2,534.2 1,121.5 2,338.7 3,261.2 4,612.4 2,583.9 1,133.6 141.7 107.0 190.0 99.4 51.9 141.6 115.3 196.1 106.2 56.8 140.1 104.4 180.9 91.0 51.3 140.3 112.2 185.4 98.6 56.2 176.9 453.4 976.8 439.2 242.7 174.0 446.2 977.5 441.5 240.4 177.2 454.4 978.6 439.0 242.0 174.2 445.6 977.6 440.3 241.0 Missouri........... 2,677.3 2,715.3 2,674.7 2,710.6 Montana............ 372.0 375.8 370.3 374.7 126.2 19.8 131.4 19.0 121.9 18.1 128.8 17.4 422.2 24.7 420.3 24.6 422.7 24.5 420.4 24.6 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 1998p November 1997 1998p Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 890.3 954.9 579.1 40.7 84.6 21.9 41.8 90.4 22.8 39.5 84.0 21.5 41.0 90.1 22.5 117.3 41.2 107.7 117.8 43.0 104.8 117.7 41.4 108.5 117.7 42.8 105.3 New Jersey......... 3,789.9 3,854.6 3,799.3 3,864.6 New Mexico......... 716.9 727.8 718.7 730.9 New York........... 8,173.5 8,307.7 8,192.1 8,332.9 North Carolina..... 3,757.7 3,807.9 3,756.9 3,821.1 North Dakota....... 318.8 320.0 318.2 319.5 137.1 42.8 278.0 209.3 15.0 143.8 43.0 295.5 214.7 14.8 133.8 41.9 267.0 208.5 13.5 140.1 42.3 286.0 214.0 13.8 486.6 47.6 928.6 838.1 23.9 477.9 44.6 919.6 821.9 23.8 485.2 47.1 924.6 836.6 23.5 475.2 44.4 915.4 820.8 23.5 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 5,472.2 1,411.9 1,557.1 5,497.7 458.8 5,539.8 1,452.7 1,597.2 5,547.5 463.5 5,481.2 1,416.0 1,557.4 5,493.1 459.1 5,544.8 1,457.3 1,591.8 5,537.1 462.3 233.4 51.2 83.2 224.2 15.2 242.2 53.1 84.7 230.2 17.6 224.3 50.6 82.3 212.5 15.1 233.0 1,094.3 1,091.7 1,099.7 1,092.7 53.2 183.1 186.5 183.9 186.5 83.1 244.9 240.7 242.8 239.3 222.5 941.3 930.2 939.6 930.8 17.8 80.6 79.4 80.9 78.6 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 1,750.5 356.9 2,626.9 8,788.6 1,022.7 1,831.3 363.9 2,664.8 9,030.3 1,042.6 1,757.0 356.2 2,628.4 8,821.3 1,026.3 1,828.1 362.4 2,666.9 9,047.8 1,047.8 102.1 15.7 118.3 467.5 66.9 112.3 15.8 124.2 493.4 70.1 103.0 14.9 117.2 467.8 65.2 113.1 363.0 363.8 363.6 364.3 14.9 49.6 50.1 49.7 50.2 123.2 518.4 506.7 519.0 507.5 490.5 1,093.7 1,095.9 1,096.7 1,096.0 67.9 135.0 136.2 134.9 136.4 Vermont............ 282.4 286.3 286.2 290.1 Virginia........... 3,296.9 3,375.5 3,306.9 3,384.2 Washington......... 2,565.7 2,644.1 2,558.2 2,637.2 West Virginia...... 725.1 732.7 721.0 732.1 Wisconsin.......... 2,708.8 2,752.1 2,704.0 2,746.8 Wyoming............ 222.9 226.2 221.6 226.3 13.8 189.9 139.0 37.3 114.2 15.9 14.2 200.3 145.6 37.7 121.0 15.9 13.2 188.7 133.6 34.6 107.8 14.3 13.5 198.9 141.0 36.0 115.3 15.3 47.4 407.4 377.3 83.1 614.7 11.2 48.8 405.6 373.8 82.7 615.8 11.3 47.5 408.0 374.7 82.5 615.2 11.1 48.9 404.8 369.6 82.5 615.5 11.2 56.1 56.2 55.5 55.7 148.7 141.1 148.1 142.1 Puerto Rico........ 876.2 912.4 577.2 975.8 891.1 957.2 575.5 950.3 874.9 910.9 577.0 983.7 961.4 Transportation and public utilities November 1997 1998 December 1997 1998p Trade November 1997 1998 Finance, insurance, and real estate December 1997 1998p November 1997 1998 December 1997 1998p Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 91.0 23.2 97.0 67.5 679.7 91.6 24.0 101.9 68.9 689.8 91.1 23.0 98.7 68.1 678.8 91.9 435.8 444.4 439.8 449.0 23.8 55.0 56.1 55.1 56.3 103.2 497.0 513.2 505.5 521.4 69.3 256.4 259.3 256.4 260.5 691.1 3,146.9 3,205.1 3,196.0 3,251.4 84.6 12.1 130.1 44.3 764.9 87.2 12.3 136.5 44.0 788.6 85.0 12.1 130.9 44.5 767.3 88.2 12.3 138.1 44.2 790.6 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 122.8 76.1 15.8 128.0 77.0 16.4 122.4 76.5 15.8 129.0 77.7 16.3 521.9 377.2 90.4 129.0 132.6 48.0 133.4 136.0 49.6 130.5 133.8 48.2 134.9 136.7 49.6 17.4 331.1 16.6 344.3 17.6 337.5 16.7 49.3 48.9 50.3 49.7 351.3 1,695.0 1,744.0 1,730.3 1,780.4 28.3 419.5 28.8 433.3 28.5 420.6 28.9 434.0 Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ 236.8 41.5 24.6 343.7 141.8 246.4 40.1 25.3 348.4 143.2 237.8 41.3 24.4 344.2 142.2 246.6 945.3 963.2 961.3 975.5 39.8 135.4 132.2 137.1 134.0 25.5 131.3 133.3 132.0 134.1 348.4 1,354.6 1,367.6 1,375.3 1,385.8 143.6 696.2 694.6 700.4 698.5 190.9 35.8 25.8 403.0 139.5 198.5 34.8 26.9 411.6 142.6 192.4 35.8 25.8 405.2 139.7 199.2 34.7 27.0 413.2 142.6 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 66.7 72.9 100.4 112.1 23.6 69.5 75.4 103.5 114.9 24.1 67.1 72.8 100.5 112.4 23.7 69.7 75.3 103.6 115.2 24.3 359.1 328.0 434.3 449.9 146.7 80.3 60.8 70.5 86.4 28.8 82.2 61.0 71.2 86.3 31.0 80.9 60.7 70.8 86.8 29.1 82.4 60.7 71.4 86.3 31.3 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 105.7 138.4 175.5 126.8 54.3 106.9 138.1 176.7 128.8 52.9 107.0 137.9 176.0 127.0 53.7 108.2 547.0 547.2 553.4 555.2 138.8 733.9 742.3 744.9 752.6 176.3 1,061.8 1,087.3 1,079.7 1,101.7 129.1 614.6 623.5 620.9 629.9 52.9 240.9 240.4 242.5 242.8 130.6 214.6 205.5 148.0 40.9 133.6 219.4 206.8 153.8 41.6 131.7 215.5 207.0 149.2 41.0 134.7 221.1 207.1 154.9 41.6 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 164.2 21.7 54.5 47.0 19.6 166.0 21.5 57.2 48.6 19.6 164.9 21.7 54.8 46.8 19.8 166.5 21.5 57.8 48.3 19.9 651.7 100.9 219.9 195.4 154.6 154.5 16.5 55.5 41.1 29.3 160.2 16.9 58.4 44.0 29.9 155.0 16.6 56.0 41.3 29.0 160.3 17.1 58.3 44.1 29.9 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 261.8 33.1 414.8 171.8 18.2 265.9 34.2 416.5 172.7 18.3 262.8 33.2 415.9 172.5 18.3 266.3 891.7 910.8 906.8 925.3 34.3 170.0 175.0 171.4 176.6 417.3 1,683.2 1,709.5 1,710.9 1,736.5 174.8 856.9 869.7 862.2 883.1 18.4 82.6 82.0 83.6 82.8 240.6 31.2 720.8 168.4 15.0 246.1 32.0 733.2 178.5 15.9 241.5 31.4 723.5 168.9 15.2 246.6 32.2 737.5 179.3 15.9 Ohio............... 236.1 236.8 236.0 236.2 1,336.9 1,343.1 1,355.5 1,362.0 288.0 293.3 289.2 294.1 491.7 365.6 87.2 352.7 317.2 422.6 440.5 145.3 637.2 99.6 215.6 184.9 151.6 511.3 369.0 89.4 355.4 326.4 430.1 444.1 147.3 648.7 100.7 219.6 193.2 151.6 502.0 374.4 87.9 354.3 318.9 426.4 444.9 144.8 639.6 99.8 216.6 186.8 152.9 Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 80.7 75.3 282.7 15.9 83.9 76.6 285.9 16.1 81.1 74.7 282.0 15.9 84.3 329.6 336.4 332.5 339.4 76.4 388.7 396.4 393.3 399.9 284.3 1,246.1 1,254.7 1,259.9 1,263.2 16.0 100.6 101.2 101.0 102.1 70.0 95.9 314.5 26.6 71.4 97.0 320.9 28.2 70.4 96.2 316.5 26.5 71.8 97.8 321.3 28.2 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 76.8 16.1 151.4 527.8 57.7 79.9 16.4 152.9 552.1 58.6 77.4 16.1 151.1 531.4 58.5 80.5 427.3 450.5 431.0 454.1 16.4 88.7 89.9 88.5 90.1 152.8 627.2 635.6 633.4 641.9 555.5 2,094.7 2,141.3 2,119.4 2,164.8 59.5 247.0 249.1 251.2 252.6 74.8 21.5 121.7 470.6 54.0 79.4 23.1 123.2 486.8 54.1 75.6 21.6 121.6 472.0 54.4 80.1 23.1 123.0 488.9 54.4 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 12.3 171.9 134.6 39.3 124.7 14.0 12.3 175.4 140.4 39.8 125.7 14.0 12.3 172.5 135.2 38.9 124.1 14.0 12.3 175.7 141.1 39.6 126.2 14.1 65.2 746.8 622.7 167.3 620.1 51.8 66.1 757.7 646.2 168.1 629.6 52.4 66.3 756.3 626.5 167.8 623.8 52.1 67.1 765.6 650.6 169.0 633.3 52.9 12.2 168.2 130.3 28.4 141.2 8.2 12.3 172.9 136.8 29.1 145.5 8.5 12.1 169.6 131.1 28.5 141.9 8.2 12.3 174.5 137.5 29.2 146.3 8.4 Puerto Rico........ 26.2 25.1 26.0 25.0 201.0 197.6 207.7 206.5 46.1 45.3 46.6 45.8 Services November 1997 1998 Government December 1997 1998p November 1997 1998 December 1997 1998p Alabama............ 435.9 444.0 434.5 443.9 351.9 355.1 349.0 353.9 Alaska............. 64.3 66.4 64.1 66.3 74.2 74.7 74.3 74.8 Arizona............ 614.1 643.5 620.4 646.7 340.3 361.0 338.5 355.4 Arkansas........... 258.0 265.6 256.1 263.9 188.0 192.5 187.9 190.4 California......... 4,133.7 4,312.6 4,153.8 4,317.9 2,190.9 2,240.5 2,179.4 2,233.0 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of 606.6 509.7 109.8 625.1 521.5 114.8 615.3 511.6 109.9 638.6 523.3 115.0 323.8 233.2 54.6 331.3 233.0 55.4 322.6 232.3 54.7 329.2 232.9 55.8 Columbia........ 268.4 274.2 267.7 273.1 Florida............ 2,318.0 2,440.5 2,335.5 2,457.2 228.5 967.7 224.1 992.4 228.8 970.5 224.6 986.7 Georgia............ 970.5 1,009.4 973.2 1,010.2 Hawaii(2).......... 170.5 170.0 170.0 169.6 Idaho.............. 122.5 124.5 122.5 125.5 Illinois........... 1,713.5 1,756.2 1,710.3 1,754.8 Indiana............ 700.3 706.3 700.1 705.5 588.9 113.2 101.9 824.9 404.2 601.9 113.5 105.6 826.8 405.3 590.0 114.7 100.9 814.9 402.0 603.5 115.0 105.0 831.9 407.0 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 384.3 334.0 444.5 513.9 165.2 241.0 243.9 296.8 369.4 97.7 245.2 249.4 300.1 372.4 96.6 240.7 244.5 295.8 367.4 96.6 246.2 247.0 299.6 370.3 95.8 Maryland........... 761.7 783.9 759.0 782.8 Massachusetts...... 1,130.3 1,169.5 1,128.4 1,167.0 Michigan........... 1,234.1 1,277.6 1,241.0 1,278.1 Minnesota.......... 709.1 731.9 710.7 732.1 Mississippi........ 262.3 264.6 261.9 263.2 423.8 415.6 670.5 393.5 223.2 442.4 421.9 684.2 396.9 229.3 422.3 416.7 674.1 388.9 223.0 442.1 422.5 678.8 391.5 230.1 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 424.1 79.9 156.8 111.1 81.5 433.7 81.7 155.1 116.9 82.0 424.1 79.0 156.1 111.8 79.6 435.0 81.0 154.6 116.6 80.8 370.9 324.5 431.5 504.9 158.9 744.1 104.3 234.5 388.0 165.1 382.9 333.9 445.3 512.9 165.4 750.0 105.9 239.8 407.5 164.4 370.9 324.2 431.0 505.9 158.9 741.8 105.3 233.0 384.5 165.3 742.8 106.9 239.7 404.1 165.7 New Jersey......... 1,191.9 1,230.1 1,189.3 1,230.5 578.2 578.0 578.0 578.6 New Mexico......... 195.7 203.1 197.1 205.6 180.8 181.0 180.9 180.9 New York........... 2,749.5 2,839.6 2,756.0 2,848.0 1,393.9 1,389.2 1,390.1 1,388.0 North Carolina..... 901.4 925.7 900.3 926.3 607.8 620.7 603.9 618.8 North Dakota....... 87.7 88.7 87.7 88.2 72.1 72.5 72.3 73.0 Ohio............... 1,490.2 1,532.4 1,483.4 1,525.9 Oklahoma........... 383.1 400.7 382.2 401.0 Oregon............. 406.8 427.4 407.3 425.5 Pennsylvania....... 1,739.8 1,765.9 1,733.8 1,756.0 Rhode Island....... 154.3 155.4 153.1 153.8 779.7 282.9 260.4 728.6 65.4 787.2 289.5 272.6 739.4 65.4 779.6 283.5 259.0 728.5 66.4 787.8 289.8 268.1 739.0 65.6 South Carolina..... 399.3 423.5 398.5 422.8 305.3 320.0 306.0 311.3 South Dakota....... 91.5 94.4 91.8 94.7 71.7 72.6 71.5 71.4 Tennessee.......... 694.4 708.6 690.3 704.6 391.2 409.2 391.3 409.4 Texas.............. 2,447.5 2,544.1 2,450.3 2,543.3 1,518.9 1,553.3 1,515.3 1,545.9 Utah............... 276.2 284.0 277.8 287.4 177.3 182.4 175.8 181.5 Vermont............ 82.8 83.6 86.0 87.0 48.1 48.4 48.2 48.4 Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 990.1 1,036.5 687.1 722.3 203.2 209.3 691.1 706.5 45.8 47.0 994.2 1,040.1 688.1 724.2 202.4 209.5 691.5 706.7 46.3 47.6 611.7 471.2 142.6 400.2 58.9 616.0 475.6 142.8 405.5 59.6 606.7 465.5 142.6 397.4 58.7 613.5 469.9 143.3 401.5 59.1 Puerto Rico........ 192.6 193.0 304.0 295.4 305.7 297.0 188.4 188.1 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available.