Full text of April 1998 : Text File, USDL 98-219
The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
Internet address: http://stat.bls.gov/newsrels.htm
Technical information USDL 98-219
Employment (202 606-6559
Unemployment 606-6392 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, May 22, 1998
REGIONAL AND STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: APRIL 1998
Unemployment rates fell in April in all four regions of the U.S, with
the most notable decreases occurring in the Midwest and Northeast.
Declines were recorded in 35 states and the District of Columbia, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported. The
national jobless rate dropped from 4.7 percent in March to 4.3 percent in
April. Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 37 states.
Regional Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted)
Among the regions, the Midwest reported the lowest unemployment rate in
April, 3.4 percent, which also was the lowest rate in its series. The West
again had the highest rate, 5.2 percent. Over the year, rates declined by
0.8 percentage point in the Northeast, by 0.7 point in both the Midwest and
South, and by 0.5 point in the West. (See table 1.)
Among the nine geographic divisions, the West North Central posted the
lowest unemployment rate (3.1 percent in April), while the Pacific division
reported the highest (5.6 percent). Only two other divisions--the West
South Central and the Middle Atlantic--had rates greater than 4.5 percent.
The East North Central and South Atlantic divisions recorded the lowest
jobless rates in their series. Over the month, the East North Central and
New England divisions experienced the largest declines (-0.5 percentage
point each). Compared with a year ago, unemployment rates were lower by
-0.6 percentage point or more in all divisions, except the Mountain
division, where it was essentially unchanged. The largest over-the-year
decreases occurred in the New England (-1.2 points) and the East South
Central (-1.0 point) divisions.
State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted)
In April, 28 states reported unemployment rates below the U.S. average,
while 21 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates. The lowest
rates were in North Dakota (1.9 percent) and Nebraska (2.0 percent), while
13 other states had rates below 3.5 percent. Twelve states recorded new
lows in their series. The highest jobless rates among the states were in
West Virginia (6.6 percent) and New Mexico (6.1 percent). The rate in the
District of Columbia was 8.8 percent. (See table 3 and chart 1.)
Unemployment rates decreased over the month in 35 states and the
District of Columbia, increased in 11 states, and were unchanged in 4
states. Massachusetts experienced the largest decline (-0.8 percentage
point), followed by Wisconsin (-0.7 point) and Indiana (-0.6 point). Eight
additional states and the District of Columbia had rate declines of one-
half percentage point. Louisiana and South Carolina registered the largest
increases, 0.8 and 0.5 percentage point, respectively.
Compared with April 1997, unemployment rates were lower in 43 states,
unchanged in 5 states, and higher in 2 states and the District of Columbia.
The largest over-the-year declines occurred in Alaska (-2.6 percentage
points), South Carolina (-1.9 points), Maine (-1.6 points), and Alabama,
Connecticut, and Kentucky (-1.5 points each). Ten other states had
- 2 -
decreases of at least 1.0 percentage point, and 21 additional states
reported declines of 0.5 point or more. The only state with a notable
increase was Nevada, where the rate rose by one-half percentage point. The
District of Columbia's rate rose by 1.1 percentage points.
Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted)
Nonfarm payroll employment rose in 37 states in April. New Hampshire
had the highest percentage increase (0.6 percent), followed by Nebraska and
South Carolina (both 0.5 percent). Increases of 0.4 percent were recorded
in Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, Texas,
Vermont, and Washington. The largest numerical increases occurred in Texas
(33,600), California (32,000), and Florida (18,400). The largest
percentage decline (-0.3 percent) was reported in West Virginia. The
District of Columbia, Hawaii, Maryland, and New Mexico all experienced a
decrease in nonfarm payroll employment of 0.2 percent. (See table 5.)
Employment in construction rebounded in April, while growth in finance,
insurance, and real estate remained strong. Construction employment rose
in 36 states in April, compared with 25 states in March. Employment
increases in finance, insurance, and real estate were reported in 34 states
in April and in 36 states in March.
Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 49 states.
Nevada had the highest growth rate (4.5 percent), followed by Arizona (4.4
percent). California reported the largest absolute job growth (428,300),
followed by Texas (324,800) and Florida (250,900). The District of
Columbia (-1.0 percent) and Hawaii (-0.6 percent) had the only decreases in
employment. (See chart 2.)
__________________
The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for April is
scheduled to be issued on June 3. The Regional and State Employment and
Unemployment release for May is scheduled to be issued on June 19.
Technical Note
This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census
regions and divisions, states, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan
area, and New York City from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
program (tables 1-4). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment
estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment
Statistics (CES) program (tables 5 and 6). The LAUS and CES programs are
both Federal-State cooperative endeavors.
Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program
Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the
same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national
estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample
survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the
employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work
at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including
the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family
business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they
were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-
management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who
did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job
(sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and
are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need
not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all
states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan
area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on
regression techniques. This method utilizes data from several sources,
including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A
detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS
upon request. Effective January 1998, estimates for census regions and
divisions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the
component states and then calculating the unemployment rate.
Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the
prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with
January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data
from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources.
In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the two
large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual
averages, usually effective with January estimates. The regional and state
data will not sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the
monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS.
Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los Angeles-
Long Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by
aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment
levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently
adjusted levels. Region and division levels are calculated as the sum of
the levels of the component states. Revisions of historical data for the
most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar
year, usually coincident with January estimates.
Employment--from the CES program
Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment
payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the
12th of the month, except for federal government employment, which
represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of
the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their
place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted
on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal
product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial
Classification Manual.
Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link
relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month
employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of
establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for
the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the
previous month by these ratios.
Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a
complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax
reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state
unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to
adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding
one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark
month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment,
and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level
for the subsequent months.
Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals
for states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for
major industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent
5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments.
Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are
designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS
independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are
not forced to sum to national totals. Because each state series is subject
to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing
them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant
distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations,
BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions
users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile
error structure.
Reliability of the estimates
The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and
administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of
errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is,
variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire
population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling
errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and
processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys
are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation
processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the
totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the
LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from
unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the tables;
differences, however, are generally insignificant.
Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error,
in the form of standard errors for state annual average estimates derived
from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile
of Employment and Unemployment. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data
are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in
the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings.
Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available
for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained
by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to
more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information
on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request.
Additional information
More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop
these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings,
which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800), and from the BLS Handbook of Methods,
Bulletin 2490, August 1997.
Estimates of labor force and unemployment for over 330 metropolitan
areas are available in the news release, Metropolitan Area Employment and
Unemployment. Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for
all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a
population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of
various federal economic assistance programs are provided in the report,
Unemployment in States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in
microfiche form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office
for $41.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is 029-001-81003-2.
These data also are available from the BLS Internet
(http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES program
are available at http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone:
202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Census region and Number Percent of labor force
division
Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
1997 1998 1998 1998 Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
1997 1998 1998 1998 1997 1998 1998 1998
Northeast........... 26,094.6 26,097.5 26,105.9 26,042.0 1,434.7 1,291.1 1,308.4 1,217.5 5.5 4.9 5.0 4.7
New England....... 7,112.1 7,123.0 7,139.0 7,102.5 327.3 258.4 276.2 241.7 4.6 3.6 3.9 3.4
Middle Atlantic... 18,982.5 18,974.5 18,966.9 18,939.5 1,107.5 1,032.7 1,032.2 975.8 5.8 5.4 5.4 5.2
South............... 46,960.3 47,818.3 47,879.6 47,922.8 2,360.6 2,066.4 2,118.6 2,051.1 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.3
South Atlantic.... 24,275.7 24,765.7 24,763.1 24,793.8 1,125.3 1,041.0 1,042.5 1,001.5 4.6 4.2 4.2 4.0
East South Central 8,039.8 8,136.3 8,167.0 8,147.6 437.4 351.0 382.8 356.6 5.4 4.3 4.7 4.4
West South Central 14,644.8 14,916.3 14,949.5 14,981.4 798.0 674.4 693.3 693.0 5.4 4.5 4.6 4.6
Midwest............. 32,830.1 33,376.7 33,383.1 33,282.4 1,352.7 1,229.1 1,256.6 1,126.4 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.4
East North Central 22,776.4 23,114.8 23,134.0 23,012.8 981.1 917.3 924.3 807.9 4.3 4.0 4.0 3.5
West North Central 10,053.8 10,262.0 10,249.1 10,269.6 371.6 311.8 332.3 318.5 3.7 3.0 3.2 3.1
West................ 29,829.6 30,513.8 30,617.8 30,589.6 1,705.4 1,569.3 1,613.7 1,588.7 5.7 5.1 5.3 5.2
Mountain.......... 8,324.2 8,672.2 8,685.1 8,706.6 369.8 348.5 368.1 371.4 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.3
Pacific........... 21,505.4 21,841.6 21,932.8 21,883.0 1,335.6 1,220.8 1,245.6 1,217.4 6.2 5.6 5.7 5.6
1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South
Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West
Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma,
and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and
Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when
new benchmark and population information becomes available.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, not seasonally adjusted1
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
Number Percent of labor force
Census region and
division March April
March April March April
1997 1998 1997 1998
1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998
Northeast........... 25,928.6 25,962.2 25,868.3 25,814.2 1,526.4 1,399.2 1,405.8 1,188.9 5.9 5.4 5.4 4.6
New England....... 7,050.2 7,090.5 7,041.8 7,030.6 351.1 306.1 323.1 237.8 5.0 4.3 4.6 3.4
Middle Atlantic... 18,878.4 18,871.7 18,826.6 18,783.7 1,175.3 1,093.1 1,082.6 951.1 6.2 5.8 5.8 5.1
South............... 46,603.2 47,567.9 46,642.2 47,613.1 2,324.2 2,057.9 2,187.7 1,888.4 5.0 4.3 4.7 4.0
South Atlantic.... 24,093.4 24,613.3 24,114.7 24,633.0 1,100.8 1,006.9 1,037.9 918.1 4.6 4.1 4.3 3.7
East South Central 7,964.1 8,100.5 7,976.6 8,085.4 431.0 371.3 410.6 330.5 5.4 4.6 5.1 4.1
West South Central 14,545.6 14,854.1 14,550.8 14,894.8 792.3 679.7 739.2 639.8 5.4 4.6 5.1 4.3
Midwest............. 32,533.3 33,098.4 32,609.7 33,054.7 1,487.4 1,375.5 1,336.3 1,110.2 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.4
East North Central 22,559.7 22,935.8 22,592.4 22,822.8 1,087.5 1,018.7 971.3 798.4 4.8 4.4 4.3 3.5
West North Central 9,973.7 10,162.7 10,017.4 10,231.9 399.9 356.8 365.0 311.8 4.0 3.5 3.6 3.0
West................ 29,530.0 30,409.9 29,602.7 30,359.7 1,752.4 1,649.4 1,656.1 1,538.7 5.9 5.4 5.6 5.1
Mountain.......... 8,211.3 8,591.8 8,235.8 8,615.1 366.5 363.9 345.6 346.7 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.0
Pacific........... 21,318.6 21,818.1 21,366.9 21,744.6 1,385.8 1,285.5 1,310.5 1,192.0 6.5 5.9 6.1 5.5
1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. The composition of the regions and divisions is described in
table 1.
NOTE: All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 3. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted
(Number in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
State and Area Number Percent of labor force
Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr. Apr. Feb. Mar. Apr.
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama................ 2,180.7 2,141.6 2,149.9 2,137.0 114.1 81.8 89.9 78.4 5.2 3.8 4.2 3.7
Alaska................. 315.3 318.0 317.4 316.3 26.1 20.1 19.0 18.1 8.3 6.3 6.0 5.7
Arizona................ 2,141.0 2,252.4 2,263.3 2,269.6 105.2 89.3 99.0 99.8 4.9 4.0 4.4 4.4
Arkansas............... 1,198.3 1,243.9 1,248.9 1,249.0 62.8 65.4 70.1 64.9 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.2
California............. 15,910.2 16,147.0 16,218.2 16,204.2 1,018.7 958.0 980.0 951.9 6.4 5.9 6.0 5.9
Los Angeles-Long
Beach............. 4,476.8 4,577.9 4,622.1 4,581.8 313.6 271.9 294.0 289.7 7.0 5.9 6.4 6.3
Colorado............... 2,137.8 2,232.9 2,231.4 2,238.6 72.2 67.2 69.9 73.9 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.3
Connecticut............ 1,722.2 1,716.8 1,722.4 1,714.7 93.3 65.0 69.4 66.9 5.4 3.8 4.0 3.9
Delaware............... 376.3 388.7 393.2 393.1 16.3 13.6 13.6 14.8 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.8
District of Columbia... 258.1 260.6 260.6 268.4 19.9 23.6 24.2 23.7 7.7 9.1 9.3 8.8
Florida................ 7,040.6 7,258.3 7,269.7 7,300.5 342.2 336.1 346.4 336.2 4.9 4.6 4.8 4.6
Georgia................ 3,895.4 3,950.0 3,931.6 3,959.6 182.6 163.6 159.1 155.6 4.7 4.1 4.0 3.9
Hawaii................. 590.5 592.8 592.9 592.4 38.8 34.1 34.4 31.3 6.6 5.7 5.8 5.3
Idaho.................. 630.1 641.7 644.8 646.1 34.1 32.2 33.5 33.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.1
Illinois............... 6,109.7 6,186.3 6,189.1 6,140.1 283.2 283.6 280.0 255.0 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.2
Indiana................ 3,087.0 3,111.1 3,133.9 3,116.8 106.5 100.5 106.9 87.1 3.4 3.2 3.4 2.8
Iowa................... 1,577.7 1,594.3 1,588.6 1,582.4 54.0 41.4 41.5 38.1 3.4 2.6 2.6 2.4
Kansas................. 1,349.8 1,409.7 1,409.8 1,414.4 52.4 47.7 49.5 47.4 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.4
Kentucky............... 1,921.2 1,936.3 1,945.8 1,938.0 106.0 79.9 86.9 77.2 5.5 4.1 4.5 4.0
Louisiana.............. 2,019.3 2,038.0 2,033.2 2,053.8 125.5 88.2 95.8 113.5 6.2 4.3 4.7 5.5
Maine.................. 659.2 657.9 655.0 653.1 36.7 30.3 28.4 26.0 5.6 4.6 4.3 4.0
Maryland............... 2,790.2 2,802.1 2,796.9 2,792.4 142.9 134.9 130.4 123.8 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.4
Massachusetts.......... 3,261.7 3,258.3 3,268.4 3,244.6 135.5 108.9 121.9 95.2 4.2 3.3 3.7 2.9
Michigan............... 4,983.1 5,051.1 5,047.6 5,027.4 217.2 205.0 198.8 175.6 4.4 4.1 3.9 3.5
Minnesota.............. 2,605.0 2,675.4 2,684.1 2,692.4 91.5 69.1 77.1 68.4 3.5 2.6 2.9 2.5
Mississippi............ 1,255.9 1,281.5 1,289.9 1,282.8 71.4 69.1 75.4 68.3 5.7 5.4 5.8 5.3
Missouri............... 2,885.2 2,911.7 2,894.8 2,910.6 126.2 118.7 124.7 128.8 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.4
Montana................ 451.6 462.5 461.8 462.1 25.0 24.3 25.0 25.2 5.5 5.3 5.4 5.5
Nebraska............... 897.1 926.2 926.8 926.7 24.9 17.9 20.5 18.2 2.8 1.9 2.2 2.0
Nevada................. 874.3 911.4 909.6 913.2 36.7 41.8 42.4 43.1 4.2 4.6 4.7 4.7
New Hampshire.......... 640.3 652.7 652.0 653.5 20.9 18.1 19.3 18.5 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.8
New Jersey............. 4,195.6 4,185.9 4,192.5 4,187.6 215.7 210.6 214.0 213.5 5.1 5.0 5.1 5.1
New Mexico............. 813.2 837.7 841.7 841.9 50.6 52.5 54.0 51.2 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.1
New York............... 8,809.4 8,810.2 8,795.3 8,773.0 570.8 542.3 533.5 505.4 6.5 6.2 6.1 5.8
New York City........ 3,386.1 3,368.9 3,356.0 3,345.2 328.9 297.0 288.5 270.4 9.7 8.8 8.6 8.1
North Carolina......... 3,846.2 3,847.8 3,846.9 3,822.0 133.1 141.3 148.8 139.4 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.6
North Dakota........... 348.5 346.0 346.4 344.8 10.0 6.6 8.4 6.6 2.9 1.9 2.4 1.9
Ohio................... 5,679.0 5,803.6 5,805.8 5,781.3 265.5 240.9 247.5 220.8 4.7 4.2 4.3 3.8
Oklahoma............... 1,596.8 1,612.4 1,616.2 1,611.0 68.4 56.9 57.5 60.1 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.7
Oregon................. 1,712.7 1,774.4 1,778.5 1,769.2 103.3 83.9 87.2 90.1 6.0 4.7 4.9 5.1
Pennsylvania........... 5,977.5 5,978.3 5,979.1 5,978.9 321.0 279.8 284.8 256.9 5.4 4.7 4.8 4.3
Rhode Island........... 505.2 506.5 509.5 506.3 27.9 24.6 25.8 24.6 5.5 4.9 5.1 4.9
South Carolina......... 1,911.9 1,910.4 1,902.6 1,912.8 91.8 65.8 46.2 56.0 4.8 3.4 2.4 2.9
South Dakota........... 390.6 398.7 398.6 398.2 12.7 10.5 10.8 10.9 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.7
Tennessee.............. 2,682.0 2,776.9 2,781.4 2,789.8 145.9 120.3 130.7 132.6 5.4 4.3 4.7 4.8
Texas.................. 9,830.4 10,022.0 10,051.2 10,067.6 541.3 463.9 469.9 454.6 5.5 4.6 4.7 4.5
Utah................... 1,027.2 1,079.5 1,077.5 1,080.4 32.5 31.1 33.6 34.5 3.2 2.9 3.1 3.2
Vermont................ 323.4 330.8 331.8 330.3 13.0 11.5 11.4 10.6 4.0 3.5 3.4 3.2
Virginia............... 3,351.4 3,547.6 3,554.8 3,540.3 139.4 115.8 118.6 98.6 4.2 3.3 3.3 2.8
Washington............. 2,976.7 3,009.4 3,025.7 3,000.8 148.7 124.6 125.0 125.9 5.0 4.1 4.1 4.2
West Virginia.......... 805.5 800.4 807.0 804.7 57.2 46.2 55.1 53.3 7.1 5.8 6.8 6.6
Wisconsin.............. 2,917.6 2,962.7 2,957.6 2,947.3 108.7 87.3 91.1 69.3 3.7 2.9 3.1 2.4
Wyoming................ 249.1 254.2 255.0 254.8 13.7 10.2 10.7 10.5 5.5 4.0 4.2 4.1
Puerto Rico............ 1,305.7 1,311.4 1,328.1 1,319.6 176.6 186.3 179.7 174.7 13.5 14.2 13.5 13.2
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the
Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information
becomes available.
LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 4. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed
Civilian labor force
State Number Percent of labor force
March April March April March April
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama................ 2,158.3 2,134.5 2,177.3 2,133.8 99.2 77.8 108.1 72.6 4.6 3.6 5.0 3.4
Alaska................. 311.3 312.1 310.2 310.8 29.9 21.7 27.1 18.8 9.6 7.0 8.7 6.0
Arizona................ 2,112.9 2,234.8 2,117.5 2,244.6 89.9 83.5 91.2 85.8 4.3 3.7 4.3 3.8
Arkansas............... 1,194.7 1,242.4 1,195.7 1,245.9 66.5 71.5 58.6 60.4 5.6 5.8 4.9 4.9
California............. 15,777.7 16,138.7 15,803.9 16,098.4 1,031.2 988.0 991.6 924.7 6.5 6.1 6.3 5.7
Los Angeles-Long
Beach............. 4,433.1 4,596.7 4,451.6 4,556.8 305.9 285.3 302.8 278.9 6.9 6.2 6.8 6.1
Colorado............... 2,100.3 2,202.7 2,102.8 2,203.3 75.3 72.1 64.6 66.2 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.0
Connecticut............ 1,710.4 1,712.1 1,707.6 1,700.1 94.1 70.7 88.5 62.1 5.5 4.1 5.2 3.7
Delaware............... 376.3 391.8 371.9 388.8 17.8 14.5 14.6 13.1 4.7 3.7 3.9 3.4
District of Columbia... 258.0 259.3 255.0 265.2 19.5 23.6 18.2 22.1 7.6 9.1 7.2 8.3
Florida................ 6,966.7 7,219.5 6,983.1 7,240.8 312.1 317.0 316.7 311.3 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3
Georgia................ 3,893.9 3,938.5 3,876.7 3,939.8 184.4 158.4 166.7 139.7 4.7 4.0 4.3 3.5
Hawaii................. 590.3 591.4 590.9 592.7 37.5 32.8 39.2 31.7 6.4 5.5 6.6 5.3
Idaho.................. 622.1 638.5 623.4 639.3 40.4 39.8 36.0 35.1 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.5
Illinois............... 6,073.9 6,147.6 6,076.9 6,107.3 310.4 297.7 279.8 251.7 5.1 4.8 4.6 4.1
Indiana................ 3,050.8 3,105.4 3,083.5 3,113.6 117.1 116.9 109.7 90.2 3.8 3.8 3.6 2.9
Iowa................... 1,576.7 1,579.6 1,571.9 1,576.9 66.8 49.9 54.7 38.6 4.2 3.2 3.5 2.5
Kansas................. 1,340.7 1,403.0 1,341.2 1,404.9 52.7 50.8 51.1 46.1 3.9 3.6 3.8 3.3
Kentucky............... 1,890.4 1,919.2 1,906.2 1,924.0 110.8 88.3 102.8 74.9 5.9 4.6 5.4 3.9
Louisiana.............. 2,008.5 2,024.4 2,007.4 2,042.1 121.8 90.9 113.4 101.2 6.1 4.5 5.6 5.0
Maine.................. 655.9 649.5 650.7 644.6 43.8 36.1 40.6 30.0 6.7 5.6 6.2 4.6
Maryland............... 2,764.0 2,767.4 2,758.5 2,760.6 142.1 131.1 132.9 113.8 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.1
Massachusetts.......... 3,236.1 3,249.3 3,231.4 3,213.0 147.8 137.4 131.9 91.9 4.6 4.2 4.1 2.9
Michigan............... 4,940.8 5,008.3 4,916.1 4,957.7 241.4 222.5 210.3 169.1 4.9 4.4 4.3 3.4
Minnesota.............. 2,572.2 2,657.4 2,592.2 2,679.3 97.0 84.5 94.6 71.5 3.8 3.2 3.6 2.7
Mississippi............ 1,254.7 1,286.6 1,245.3 1,272.1 74.0 74.5 64.1 60.9 5.9 5.8 5.1 4.8
Missouri............... 2,868.0 2,872.9 2,884.1 2,909.4 130.7 128.0 120.7 123.5 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2
Montana................ 448.1 459.7 451.6 462.1 28.1 28.9 24.6 24.9 6.3 6.3 5.5 5.4
Nebraska............... 890.9 918.5 892.0 921.5 26.8 21.2 21.6 14.9 3.0 2.3 2.4 1.6
Nevada................. 864.6 902.7 867.4 906.2 33.8 39.4 34.3 40.6 3.9 4.4 3.9 4.5
New Hampshire.......... 631.2 647.9 636.4 649.5 21.3 21.4 22.0 19.6 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.0
New Jersey............. 4,172.9 4,172.8 4,161.4 4,153.2 226.0 220.1 200.4 197.7 5.4 5.3 4.8 4.8
New Mexico............. 809.9 840.7 812.4 841.0 52.9 54.3 49.7 50.1 6.5 6.5 6.1 6.0
New York............... 8,782.4 8,775.4 8,741.0 8,704.9 611.4 571.1 559.4 494.5 7.0 6.5 6.4 5.7
New York City........ 3,410.4 3,380.1 3,377.8 3,337.1 348.4 304.9 328.1 269.9 10.2 9.0 9.7 8.1
North Carolina......... 3,808.7 3,809.7 3,819.2 3,795.4 134.4 145.0 121.3 127.5 3.5 3.8 3.2 3.4
North Dakota........... 340.4 338.8 346.7 343.0 11.0 9.5 10.2 6.8 3.2 2.8 2.9 2.0
Ohio................... 5,611.0 5,745.8 5,619.1 5,719.3 290.5 270.8 253.8 208.9 5.2 4.7 4.5 3.7
Oklahoma............... 1,592.3 1,613.5 1,595.9 1,610.7 68.4 57.9 65.1 56.8 4.3 3.6 4.1 3.5
Oregon................. 1,698.4 1,767.4 1,707.5 1,764.2 122.9 102.0 105.9 92.8 7.2 5.8 6.2 5.3
Pennsylvania........... 5,923.1 5,923.5 5,924.2 5,925.6 337.9 301.9 322.8 258.9 5.7 5.1 5.4 4.4
Rhode Island........... 496.0 502.5 495.3 496.4 29.7 27.9 26.2 22.9 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.6
South Carolina......... 1,906.8 1,898.2 1,910.9 1,911.6 96.6 44.8 83.2 47.1 5.1 2.4 4.4 2.5
South Dakota........... 384.7 392.5 389.3 396.9 14.8 13.0 12.1 10.4 3.8 3.3 3.1 2.6
Tennessee.............. 2,660.7 2,760.2 2,647.8 2,755.4 147.0 130.7 135.7 122.1 5.5 4.7 5.1 4.4
Texas.................. 9,750.1 9,973.8 9,751.9 9,996.0 535.6 459.5 502.1 421.4 5.5 4.6 5.1 4.2
Utah................... 1,005.4 1,058.6 1,012.7 1,064.8 30.3 32.5 30.6 32.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.1
Vermont................ 320.6 329.1 320.4 327.1 14.5 12.6 13.9 11.3 4.5 3.8 4.3 3.4
Virginia............... 3,321.8 3,531.1 3,339.3 3,531.4 131.5 112.1 126.8 89.7 4.0 3.2 3.8 2.5
Washington............. 2,941.0 3,008.6 2,954.4 2,978.4 164.3 141.1 146.7 124.0 5.6 4.7 5.0 4.2
West Virginia.......... 797.3 797.8 800.1 799.3 62.4 60.3 57.6 53.8 7.8 7.6 7.2 6.7
Wisconsin.............. 2,883.1 2,928.6 2,896.7 2,924.9 128.1 110.9 117.7 78.5 4.4 3.8 4.1 2.7
Wyoming................ 248.1 254.0 248.0 253.7 15.8 13.4 14.7 11.5 6.4 5.3 5.9 4.5
Puerto Rico............ 1,296.8 1,326.4 1,294.3 1,307.7 167.7 177.6 175.9 174.4 12.9 13.4 13.6 13.3
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current
Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes
available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Total(1) Construction Manufacturing
State
April Feb. March April April Feb. March April April Feb. March April
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama............ 1,859.6 1,877.2 1,879.4 1,877.8 97.0 97.9 97.0 98.6 380.8 379.2 378.0 377.0
Alaska............. 267.7 273.1 273.7 274.2 12.8 12.8 12.8 13.0 16.0 16.4 16.3 15.7
Arizona............ 1,961.2 2,037.9 2,045.6 2,048.0 129.7 133.5 134.5 133.5 203.8 215.0 215.1 215.6
Arkansas........... 1,100.4 1,113.1 1,118.9 1,123.5 47.5 47.5 47.7 48.7 253.4 255.3 255.1 255.6
California......... 13089.3 13439.9 13485.6 13517.6 543.7 582.3 591.9 591.9 1,901.0 1,945.2 1,947.1 1,947.1
Colorado........... 1,962.7 2,019.9 2,023.9 2,021.0 117.4 128.0 127.9 126.0 202.3 208.4 208.8 208.7
Connecticut........ 1,608.8 1,641.2 1,639.6 1,642.2 56.3 60.1 59.8 59.5 276.2 276.9 277.0 277.4
Delaware........... 384.8 396.6 398.0 398.2 21.5 22.8 22.2 22.1 57.4 57.3 58.8 58.8
District of
Columbia........ 615.9 609.4 610.9 609.9 9.1 8.8 8.9 8.7 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.8
Florida............ 6,371.6 6,577.9 6,604.1 6,622.5 329.0 340.6 342.6 344.3 491.2 491.7 491.3 492.6
Georgia............ 3,585.0 3,707.4 3,714.9 3,722.2 165.9 177.2 178.2 178.8 589.0 587.1 589.9 590.8
Hawaii(2).......... 531.5 528.4 529.0 528.2 22.5 21.9 22.1 21.9 16.7 16.4 16.4 16.3
Idaho.............. 506.2 516.1 516.7 516.2 31.9 33.2 32.6 32.5 74.4 76.7 76.3 76.6
Illinois........... 5,743.2 5,833.2 5,834.5 5,849.3 234.3 240.8 235.9 241.1 969.8 980.2 980.5 982.1
Indiana............ 2,857.1 2,878.8 2,880.0 2,890.2 141.2 143.8 140.6 144.8 678.2 680.1 682.9 680.8
Iowa............... 1,396.6 1,426.1 1,429.2 1,435.4 58.0 60.3 60.6 62.0 251.5 257.0 258.4 258.1
Kansas............. 1,259.0 1,294.4 1,294.4 1,298.0 57.8 60.8 58.5 59.5 204.3 210.2 210.4 211.0
Kentucky........... 1,707.7 1,735.4 1,738.0 1,744.2 81.5 83.3 85.4 86.5 316.1 317.9 314.9 315.3
Louisiana.......... 1,840.2 1,875.8 1,879.5 1,878.4 116.7 118.0 118.4 117.9 190.2 190.4 190.5 190.1
Maine.............. 548.6 560.8 561.0 561.1 23.5 24.4 24.2 24.0 87.2 88.2 87.4 87.3
Maryland........... 2,253.9 2,282.4 2,277.2 2,273.2 138.3 140.1 137.4 136.9 176.8 177.1 176.8 175.7
Massachusetts...... 3,099.0 3,185.5 3,190.6 3,197.6 98.9 108.8 108.3 108.3 446.5 456.9 456.3 454.8
Michigan........... 4,439.2 4,506.7 4,503.3 4,518.2 180.3 187.3 184.6 189.6 967.3 973.2 973.8 979.7
Minnesota.......... 2,468.4 2,522.3 2,530.1 2,528.1 92.4 99.4 99.2 99.8 431.4 438.7 442.4 441.7
Mississippi........ 1,101.5 1,120.9 1,117.2 1,121.6 49.3 52.6 51.9 52.3 241.6 242.6 241.5 241.7
Missouri........... 2,626.3 2,662.9 2,651.6 2,663.4 120.3 124.8 118.5 123.3 417.5 420.0 421.6 421.2
Montana............ 362.9 370.6 370.2 369.8 16.8 18.7 18.2 17.8 24.1 24.6 24.5 24.9
Nebraska........... 848.7 878.5 873.0 877.2 37.7 42.4 40.8 41.5 115.7 118.7 118.2 118.9
Nevada............. 880.4 912.8 916.0 919.7 80.9 85.2 86.1 87.0 40.1 41.9 42.4 42.3
New Hampshire...... 565.9 572.6 570.5 573.8 20.9 22.0 22.2 22.4 106.2 108.5 108.5 108.2
New Jersey......... 3,709.2 3,784.2 3,788.0 3,784.1 130.8 137.1 136.4 135.8 482.4 485.5 485.2 482.4
New Mexico......... 703.9 713.1 714.4 713.2 42.5 42.1 42.2 42.6 45.8 46.3 45.6 45.4
New York........... 8,007.6 8,098.6 8,117.5 8,123.0 263.1 268.5 270.6 271.4 921.4 920.3 920.4 918.0
North Carolina..... 3,642.6 3,734.1 3,735.5 3,738.6 202.1 208.7 209.5 210.7 834.4 833.7 833.1 831.3
North Dakota....... 312.1 319.0 318.1 317.9 14.4 15.2 15.1 15.3 23.0 23.9 23.9 23.9
Ohio............... 5,373.6 5,436.3 5,445.3 5,446.1 223.6 228.4 228.1 232.5 1,090.8 1,096.9 1,097.8 1,094.7
Oklahoma........... 1,379.2 1,410.7 1,415.9 1,417.9 50.1 52.1 52.3 52.3 176.5 184.4 184.4 183.9
Oregon............. 1,519.6 1,557.3 1,561.9 1,562.0 81.3 84.3 84.9 85.6 242.8 247.5 247.7 246.9
Pennsylvania....... 5,383.4 5,448.0 5,447.2 5,452.4 214.0 219.4 220.6 222.3 935.4 941.6 939.7 938.7
Rhode Island....... 448.5 454.1 453.7 454.9 14.4 15.5 16.1 16.9 79.8 79.4 79.3 78.6
South Carolina..... 1,710.8 1,767.8 1,775.6 1,784.8 99.4 106.0 106.7 107.9 362.3 361.4 362.5 363.9
South Dakota....... 352.0 357.0 357.3 357.7 14.2 16.0 15.6 15.8 49.4 49.6 49.6 49.1
Tennessee.......... 2,578.6 2,620.7 2,623.6 2,623.4 117.0 117.7 119.2 120.3 518.4 518.2 518.5 516.9
Texas.............. 8,533.3 8,801.2 8,824.5 8,858.1 453.1 476.7 477.8 479.7 1,075.9 1,093.4 1,095.9 1,097.5
Utah............... 987.1 1,018.2 1,024.3 1,025.5 64.0 66.5 67.3 68.2 132.5 135.3 135.4 135.6
Vermont............ 277.7 280.0 280.1 281.2 12.9 12.6 12.5 12.9 46.0 47.4 47.3 47.8
Virginia........... 3,212.1 3,291.1 3,303.6 3,309.7 183.9 191.5 192.9 193.9 403.8 406.6 407.6 407.4
Washington......... 2,496.6 2,558.5 2,566.4 2,577.8 135.4 138.2 138.9 140.3 364.8 377.4 377.8 376.8
West Virginia...... 706.0 715.6 715.2 713.0 35.3 35.4 34.3 34.7 81.6 83.1 82.9 83.1
Wisconsin.......... 2,636.8 2,694.1 2,696.5 2,702.0 107.7 111.6 110.9 111.9 605.6 619.4 620.0 620.5
Wyoming............ 222.8 222.4 223.9 224.6 14.5 15.0 15.1 15.3 10.7 10.8 11.0 11.0
Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real
utilities estate
April Feb. March April April Feb. March April April Feb. March April
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama............ 91.4 91.7 91.8 91.4 425.7 431.4 432.9 432.2 83.9 85.3 85.6 85.9
Alaska............. 23.7 24.7 24.6 25.0 55.4 56.4 56.9 56.7 12.1 12.1 12.2 12.3
Arizona............ 96.0 97.0 97.5 97.5 477.5 497.6 499.0 499.1 125.1 131.4 132.4 132.5
Arkansas........... 65.2 67.5 67.7 67.7 251.5 251.2 254.4 254.8 44.1 44.4 44.8 44.8
California......... 659.7 676.5 679.0 680.4 3,044.6 3,107.1 3,114.7 3,117.7 750.7 769.9 772.7 776.9
Colorado........... 122.1 122.5 122.0 122.9 479.1 490.7 491.9 490.1 125.6 130.9 131.2 130.3
Connecticut........ 75.1 75.8 76.1 76.1 351.2 359.9 359.0 358.1 130.9 133.8 134.7 134.5
Delaware........... 15.5 15.6 15.6 15.6 85.3 87.7 87.7 86.9 46.3 48.6 48.9 49.6
District of
Columbia........ 17.8 17.3 17.2 17.2 48.0 48.2 48.7 48.2 28.5 28.4 28.5 28.5
Florida............ 326.3 336.2 338.1 336.7 1,637.9 1,681.8 1,687.8 1,688.9 406.8 419.9 422.8 424.5
Georgia............ 229.0 237.5 238.4 238.9 904.6 936.9 936.5 937.1 185.4 192.8 193.8 194.5
Hawaii(2).......... 41.5 41.2 40.9 40.2 135.2 133.7 133.3 132.6 36.3 35.3 35.3 35.3
Idaho.............. 24.1 24.4 25.8 25.9 128.6 130.1 129.2 129.2 25.1 26.0 26.2 26.4
Illinois........... 336.6 341.3 342.1 342.8 1,320.7 1,335.1 1,337.3 1,337.5 395.1 406.5 406.8 407.9
Indiana............ 141.2 142.6 142.8 142.5 681.5 682.5 683.8 683.1 137.9 140.0 140.2 140.9
Iowa............... 65.9 67.0 67.2 67.8 342.6 348.0 348.5 349.4 78.7 81.0 81.1 81.2
Kansas............. 72.0 73.0 73.3 73.5 306.9 316.1 316.4 317.3 61.1 61.1 61.0 61.5
Kentucky........... 97.5 99.7 100.0 101.8 408.4 416.4 415.6 417.3 68.8 70.7 70.8 71.1
Louisiana.......... 110.0 112.5 112.8 113.3 428.3 436.8 436.7 435.9 85.3 86.6 86.8 86.5
Maine.............. 23.1 23.9 23.8 23.8 138.3 139.9 140.8 141.0 28.0 29.7 30.2 30.2
Maryland........... 107.2 106.2 105.5 105.6 534.7 541.0 541.6 539.3 130.4 131.8 131.1 131.5
Massachusetts...... 133.2 137.5 137.6 138.8 705.0 729.4 729.2 728.9 211.7 216.1 216.5 216.3
Michigan........... 173.2 175.0 174.0 173.7 1,040.0 1,056.0 1,055.3 1,053.1 206.7 208.9 209.4 210.0
Minnesota.......... 123.3 125.4 125.6 125.6 595.8 605.5 606.2 603.4 145.9 149.8 149.9 150.8
Mississippi........ 52.8 53.9 53.7 53.7 236.6 238.6 238.1 240.0 41.6 41.5 41.3 41.5
Missouri........... 164.9 165.4 165.6 166.6 622.0 626.5 628.4 631.8 153.9 156.0 156.7 157.1
Montana............ 21.0 21.6 21.5 21.4 98.2 99.4 99.4 98.9 16.3 16.8 16.7 16.9
Nebraska........... 53.1 55.0 54.8 55.0 208.6 214.2 213.2 214.2 53.9 56.4 56.5 56.8
Nevada............. 45.0 46.9 46.9 47.0 177.1 184.3 185.9 185.9 39.4 41.5 41.7 41.9
New Hampshire...... 19.4 19.4 19.3 19.8 146.6 149.3 148.8 148.7 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.8
New Jersey......... 257.3 261.9 261.9 262.4 870.3 885.9 886.6 884.3 237.4 244.1 244.0 244.6
New Mexico......... 31.9 32.5 32.7 32.9 167.2 169.2 169.9 169.5 31.3 31.5 31.6 31.5
New York........... 408.9 410.6 411.1 409.9 1,636.6 1,650.1 1,654.3 1,657.4 719.7 724.1 725.8 725.9
North Carolina..... 171.0 171.3 170.7 170.1 836.5 846.6 847.2 845.9 165.2 172.5 173.4 173.2
North Dakota....... 18.3 18.2 18.3 18.4 80.3 81.9 81.5 80.9 14.6 15.4 15.3 15.4
Ohio............... 234.6 235.4 235.2 235.2 1,306.6 1,317.6 1,318.1 1,315.0 286.5 289.8 290.5 291.8
Oklahoma........... 78.5 81.1 81.6 81.7 323.7 327.0 327.9 328.1 69.0 70.5 70.7 70.9
Oregon............. 74.9 74.6 74.7 74.8 375.1 384.5 387.0 386.0 94.8 96.0 96.7 96.5
Pennsylvania....... 278.4 280.8 280.4 280.8 1,212.0 1,221.3 1,224.1 1,225.0 312.1 318.5 318.5 319.2
Rhode Island....... 15.4 15.9 16.0 15.8 98.1 99.2 99.0 98.7 26.4 27.0 26.8 27.0
South Carolina..... 75.4 76.3 77.2 77.8 408.5 431.0 433.2 436.4 74.5 76.6 76.9 77.5
South Dakota....... 16.2 16.0 15.9 16.1 87.7 87.5 87.3 87.6 20.7 21.6 21.6 21.6
Tennessee.......... 150.5 153.0 152.4 153.4 609.7 619.5 620.1 624.4 119.5 123.5 123.2 122.7
Texas.............. 509.3 531.2 532.4 537.3 2,032.4 2,086.0 2,091.1 2,093.5 460.1 475.6 477.4 478.5
Utah............... 56.0 57.5 57.8 58.3 236.9 243.9 245.0 244.2 52.4 53.8 53.7 53.9
Vermont............ 12.2 12.5 12.5 12.6 65.1 65.0 65.4 65.2 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1
Virginia........... 166.6 171.6 172.0 173.0 721.1 735.3 737.5 736.9 167.3 170.7 170.7 170.6
Washington......... 133.6 136.3 136.7 137.2 603.9 618.1 621.3 621.7 127.4 132.0 132.5 133.7
West Virginia...... 38.9 38.7 38.5 38.6 161.2 163.6 164.7 162.8 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.3
Wisconsin.......... 124.3 124.4 123.8 123.9 601.8 611.7 613.4 612.4 139.7 142.2 142.3 142.5
Wyoming............ 13.9 13.8 13.9 13.9 52.7 51.9 52.3 52.4 8.1 8.3 8.3 8.3
Services Government
April Feb. March April April Feb. March April
1997 1998 1998 1998p 1997 1998 1998 1998p
Alabama............ 424.9 435.6 438.0 437.6 345.5 346.2 346.3 345.2
Alaska............. 64.7 67.0 67.1 67.5 73.3 73.3 73.2 73.6
Arizona............ 590.6 619.9 621.1 624.4 325.1 329.5 332.6 331.8
Arkansas........... 252.0 259.6 260.9 262.9 183.1 184.0 184.7 185.3
California......... 4,020.3 4,168.6 4,180.9 4,200.7 2,139.9 2,161.0 2,170.2 2,174.3
Colorado........... 589.4 607.4 609.8 610.9 313.0 317.8 318.0 317.9
Connecticut........ 493.6 506.9 505.4 509.4 224.8 227.0 226.8 226.4
Delaware........... 105.8 110.7 111.0 111.0 52.9 53.8 53.7 54.1
District of
Columbia........ 265.7 266.0 267.5 265.3 234.1 227.9 227.2 229.1
Florida............ 2,234.7 2,347.9 2,363.5 2,379.5 939.2 953.2 951.3 949.2
Georgia............ 928.3 981.5 982.8 985.3 574.7 586.2 587.1 588.6
Hawaii(2).......... 169.0 169.1 169.7 170.4 110.3 110.8 111.3 111.5
Idaho.............. 120.2 121.4 121.5 120.5 98.7 101.4 102.1 102.0
Illinois........... 1,674.2 1,716.7 1,717.1 1,722.5 800.5 801.2 803.4 804.0
Indiana............ 678.9 692.1 693.1 700.0 391.5 391.0 389.9 391.1
Iowa............... 363.9 373.0 373.9 376.5 233.9 237.8 237.5 238.4
Kansas............. 312.6 325.8 326.9 329.8 236.0 239.0 239.7 237.2
Kentucky........... 421.0 432.3 434.5 436.7 291.3 292.5 294.3 292.9
Louisiana.......... 494.8 507.7 511.0 511.3 362.1 367.7 367.0 367.5
Maine.............. 155.3 161.6 162.0 162.5 93.1 93.0 92.5 92.2
Maryland........... 748.4 764.5 763.7 761.8 416.8 420.4 419.8 421.1
Massachusetts...... 1,099.1 1,126.2 1,133.6 1,140.4 403.3 409.3 407.7 408.7
Michigan........... 1,213.3 1,243.7 1,246.3 1,249.3 650.6 655.1 652.3 655.4
Minnesota.......... 693.9 714.6 716.3 718.7 377.7 381.1 382.6 380.1
Mississippi........ 255.8 263.7 263.7 264.3 218.0 221.7 220.7 222.0
Missouri........... 731.2 747.0 740.7 740.5 411.7 418.3 415.3 417.8
Montana............ 104.2 107.1 107.0 107.3 76.9 77.0 77.6 77.3
Nebraska........... 226.7 236.8 235.6 236.0 151.8 153.6 152.7 153.5
Nevada............. 377.8 389.6 390.0 391.1 105.3 109.5 109.3 110.6
New Hampshire...... 164.3 165.3 164.0 165.3 78.9 78.4 77.9 79.2
New Jersey......... 1,160.3 1,198.2 1,203.7 1,206.0 568.8 569.6 568.4 566.8
New Mexico......... 193.1 197.7 197.7 197.4 176.4 178.3 179.1 178.1
New York........... 2,679.7 2,750.1 2,759.4 2,768.6 1,373.7 1,370.6 1,371.4 1,367.3
North Carolina..... 855.5 904.2 905.4 909.1 573.9 593.0 592.3 594.4
North Dakota....... 86.6 89.1 89.0 89.0 70.8 71.1 70.9 70.9
Ohio............... 1,461.6 1,494.3 1,500.5 1,501.6 756.6 760.6 761.7 762.2
Oklahoma........... 375.3 385.2 386.2 389.7 274.4 278.7 280.4 279.8
Oregon............. 398.8 412.9 412.7 414.4 250.1 255.6 256.3 255.9
Pennsylvania....... 1,695.7 1,733.9 1,732.6 1,733.7 715.6 712.2 711.2 712.3
Rhode Island....... 150.8 151.7 151.6 152.3 63.4 65.3 64.7 65.4
South Carolina..... 390.0 410.9 413.0 415.4 298.8 303.7 304.2 304.0
South Dakota....... 91.6 94.4 94.5 95.2 70.0 69.8 70.7 70.6
Tennessee.......... 679.3 698.7 700.4 696.1 379.7 385.6 385.4 385.1
Texas.............. 2,361.2 2,473.4 2,479.6 2,494.5 1,477.8 1,495.1 1,502.0 1,508.3
Utah............... 266.1 277.1 279.1 278.7 170.8 175.7 177.5 178.2
Vermont............ 83.1 84.2 84.4 84.8 45.6 45.6 45.4 45.4
Virginia........... 961.6 1,007.8 1,014.7 1,018.6 596.7 596.7 597.2 598.3
Washington......... 671.5 695.6 698.8 704.6 456.5 457.5 457.0 460.1
West Virginia...... 197.0 203.4 203.7 202.0 139.1 140.2 139.9 140.4
Wisconsin.......... 670.7 691.0 693.6 695.9 384.5 391.3 390.0 392.5
Wyoming............ 48.8 48.5 48.8 48.8 57.4 57.0 57.3 57.6
1 Includes mining, not shown separately.
2 Mining is combined with construction.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to
reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be
revised when new information becomes available.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA
NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED
Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Total(1) Construction Manufacturing
State March April March April March April
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama............ 1,853.8 1,877.7 1,862.1 1,881.6 95.3 96.0 97.1 98.8 381.9 377.3 380.1 376.3
Alaska............. 256.0 263.0 261.5 266.8 9.4 9.7 10.7 10.8 16.0 16.2 15.6 15.4
Arizona............ 1,972.1 2,063.2 1,971.7 2,062.9 127.0 132.2 127.9 132.6 203.2 214.5 202.9 214.5
Arkansas........... 1,090.4 1,115.2 1,101.5 1,123.3 44.7 46.1 46.9 48.2 251.1 254.6 252.4 254.8
California......... 12989.5 13454.6 13056.1 13492.1 524.4 574.0 531.2 579.8 1,885.1 1,938.3 1,890.1 1,937.0
Colorado........... 1,947.3 2,021.2 1,956.7 2,022.3 110.4 121.9 113.7 123.7 199.9 207.2 200.3 207.4
Connecticut........ 1,591.2 1,624.1 1,603.7 1,636.6 50.0 53.6 54.4 56.9 274.5 276.6 275.6 276.6
Delaware........... 378.8 392.8 382.8 396.7 20.6 20.9 21.0 21.7 56.7 58.6 57.1 58.8
District of
Columbia........ 616.5 608.6 613.7 609.0 9.1 8.8 8.9 8.6 12.8 12.7 12.5 12.7
Florida............ 6,405.8 6,667.1 6,407.0 6,672.5 327.3 341.6 326.9 342.1 490.8 492.3 490.5 491.0
Georgia............ 3,573.1 3,697.4 3,578.1 3,712.0 162.9 175.6 166.3 177.2 587.3 589.6 587.3 589.8
Hawaii(2).......... 536.4 532.4 532.0 530.3 22.3 21.6 21.9 21.5 16.7 16.4 16.6 16.2
Idaho.............. 496.1 509.0 501.8 511.9 28.4 29.9 30.3 31.1 72.7 74.8 72.7 74.9
Illinois........... 5,684.0 5,786.2 5,723.4 5,833.6 205.4 211.0 226.4 231.5 968.9 979.1 968.9 981.1
Indiana............ 2,828.0 2,862.3 2,857.7 2,887.2 129.9 129.2 138.3 139.7 673.3 680.1 675.5 679.1
Iowa............... 1,379.6 1,417.2 1,400.9 1,437.1 50.3 52.6 56.9 59.5 248.9 256.7 251.0 257.4
Kansas............. 1,250.1 1,293.0 1,266.0 1,306.3 55.0 55.6 57.4 58.8 202.8 210.4 204.5 211.4
Kentucky........... 1,688.3 1,724.9 1,708.3 1,742.9 76.8 80.0 80.0 84.3 314.3 314.4 314.5 314.0
Louisiana.......... 1,827.0 1,878.1 1,839.2 1,880.2 114.3 118.6 114.3 117.2 186.7 188.5 188.4 189.5
Maine.............. 532.1 544.0 537.3 549.6 19.8 20.2 20.9 21.4 86.5 86.4 85.8 85.9
Maryland........... 2,231.2 2,257.0 2,248.9 2,271.1 132.1 130.9 136.6 135.5 175.9 175.9 175.8 175.6
Massachusetts...... 3,059.1 3,154.4 3,085.1 3,185.7 88.3 95.7 93.8 103.1 443.9 454.5 444.8 454.2
Michigan........... 4,393.6 4,469.0 4,416.9 4,502.3 156.3 164.3 169.5 178.3 969.4 973.8 963.3 977.0
Minnesota.......... 2,431.5 2,497.1 2,451.6 2,518.6 75.6 82.0 82.8 89.5 426.9 437.6 427.5 438.2
Mississippi........ 1,095.3 1,113.8 1,103.0 1,122.4 47.9 50.4 49.5 51.8 240.8 240.6 241.3 241.4
Missouri........... 2,610.4 2,641.2 2,637.3 2,676.8 115.3 113.6 118.9 121.5 418.4 421.4 417.6 421.0
Montana............ 354.5 362.6 359.2 365.8 13.7 15.2 15.7 16.5 23.3 23.8 23.2 24.0
Nebraska........... 843.1 868.0 847.5 874.9 34.3 37.1 36.6 40.4 115.2 118.1 115.0 117.9
Nevada............. 876.4 913.2 878.2 917.7 78.6 84.6 79.4 86.0 39.8 42.2 40.0 42.3
New Hampshire...... 554.1 563.3 559.2 568.6 18.2 19.9 19.7 21.4 106.1 108.5 106.3 108.5
New Jersey......... 3,659.0 3,742.9 3,686.5 3,764.6 119.8 125.4 127.8 132.9 478.8 481.8 479.9 480.1
New Mexico......... 698.8 711.2 702.6 714.1 41.5 41.0 41.9 42.3 45.0 44.9 45.0 44.9
New York........... 7,937.1 8,048.5 7,973.4 8,096.2 236.5 242.4 250.3 259.3 915.2 915.7 915.2 915.4
North Carolina..... 3,615.4 3,725.5 3,639.2 3,737.8 198.5 205.5 201.8 208.6 833.7 829.8 829.4 827.2
North Dakota....... 306.8 314.4 310.3 316.6 11.0 12.3 12.6 13.8 22.6 23.6 22.8 23.8
Ohio............... 5,306.1 5,390.5 5,355.1 5,432.5 199.8 206.1 216.0 224.1 1,086.5 1,093.0 1,087.2 1,093.3
Oklahoma........... 1,376.4 1,413.1 1,379.7 1,418.8 50.1 51.2 49.4 51.7 178.7 184.1 176.0 184.5
Oregon............. 1,495.3 1,545.9 1,508.8 1,553.3 75.1 79.2 77.9 80.7 236.8 242.4 237.7 242.9
Pennsylvania....... 5,331.4 5,402.4 5,383.4 5,454.8 193.7 200.9 207.6 214.4 928.7 934.4 930.1 934.8
Rhode Island....... 439.5 447.8 446.1 451.5 12.4 14.3 13.7 16.1 79.7 78.9 79.9 78.5
South Carolina..... 1,705.0 1,768.1 1,715.2 1,786.5 98.9 106.0 98.9 107.6 362.0 362.3 361.9 362.9
South Dakota....... 345.1 351.5 349.6 355.0 12.3 13.4 13.4 15.0 48.6 49.0 49.0 48.7
Tennessee.......... 2,554.2 2,611.3 2,577.0 2,623.4 112.3 114.8 116.5 119.0 516.6 518.8 517.8 518.1
Texas.............. 8,475.5 8,796.1 8,528.2 8,843.4 449.0 473.7 448.7 475.1 1,069.8 1,092.2 1,072.1 1,093.6
Utah............... 980.8 1,016.6 985.3 1,021.6 59.4 63.7 61.8 66.0 131.5 134.6 131.7 134.8
Vermont............ 276.5 280.9 275.0 278.9 10.2 10.4 11.2 11.1 45.9 46.9 45.8 47.3
Virginia........... 3,192.1 3,283.7 3,204.8 3,308.2 180.7 186.4 181.9 191.4 401.0 405.6 402.4 405.6
Washington......... 2,459.4 2,541.2 2,486.1 2,567.2 126.1 131.3 131.3 136.3 358.6 373.0 362.4 374.7
West Virginia...... 695.9 705.4 702.9 711.7 30.9 29.8 34.1 33.6 81.2 82.4 81.4 82.8
Wisconsin.......... 2,584.4 2,656.0 2,616.3 2,687.3 92.8 95.8 101.2 105.0 596.3 613.5 599.0 615.6
Wyoming............ 215.0 215.8 217.2 217.9 12.4 12.7 13.5 13.8 10.3 10.6 10.3 10.7
Puerto Rico........ 979.9 959.3 978.9 955.0 56.8 55.0 56.0 53.6 153.4 144.3 153.1 143.1
Transportation and public Trade Finance, insurance, and real
utilities estate
March April March April March April
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama............ 90.3 91.3 91.0 91.2 421.7 428.7 423.4 430.4 83.2 85.3 83.6 85.6
Alaska............. 22.1 23.2 22.9 24.0 51.2 53.0 53.0 54.1 11.6 11.9 11.8 12.0
Arizona............ 94.5 97.3 95.5 97.4 481.9 500.7 480.0 500.6 124.5 132.4 125.3 132.9
Arkansas........... 64.2 67.0 64.7 67.2 248.2 251.5 251.1 253.9 43.7 44.5 43.9 44.6
California......... 650.1 671.5 653.7 673.6 2,991.7 3,080.5 3,011.6 3,085.3 747.6 773.0 749.4 776.1
Colorado........... 121.3 121.8 122.5 122.6 472.1 488.7 473.8 486.7 125.0 131.4 125.4 130.8
Connecticut........ 74.1 75.6 74.8 75.9 344.9 351.9 345.6 352.9 129.6 133.8 130.4 134.2
Delaware........... 15.5 15.6 15.6 15.7 82.4 84.0 83.4 84.8 45.7 48.9 46.1 49.5
District of
Columbia........ 17.6 17.1 17.6 17.1 48.8 48.0 47.6 48.2 28.5 28.5 28.3 28.4
Florida............ 325.8 338.4 326.2 338.0 1,654.4 1,704.9 1,644.3 1,697.3 404.1 423.1 406.7 424.5
Georgia............ 226.0 237.0 227.4 238.2 898.9 925.1 899.0 928.3 183.8 193.0 184.3 193.7
Hawaii(2).......... 41.7 40.9 41.3 40.4 134.8 133.0 133.7 131.9 36.4 35.3 36.0 35.2
Idaho.............. 23.6 25.4 23.5 25.6 125.3 126.7 126.9 127.6 24.9 26.0 25.0 26.1
Illinois........... 335.1 340.7 335.4 341.7 1,299.1 1,317.7 1,303.5 1,321.1 393.7 405.6 393.4 406.8
Indiana............ 139.6 140.9 140.5 141.5 669.7 671.4 674.8 676.3 136.3 139.2 137.5 140.3
Iowa............... 64.1 66.8 65.6 67.5 336.2 341.4 340.9 346.9 78.0 80.7 78.3 81.0
Kansas............. 71.3 73.1 72.0 73.8 302.0 313.3 304.6 316.3 60.4 60.7 61.1 61.2
Kentucky........... 95.2 98.9 97.0 101.1 400.8 408.9 405.2 413.8 68.0 70.4 68.6 70.8
Louisiana.......... 108.7 112.4 109.3 112.6 425.4 434.2 426.4 434.4 84.8 86.7 85.2 86.6
Maine.............. 22.6 23.3 22.5 23.2 127.9 130.8 131.7 134.3 27.9 30.0 27.8 30.0
Maryland........... 106.0 105.3 106.9 105.0 525.7 529.2 527.1 531.7 130.0 130.6 129.7 131.1
Massachusetts...... 131.3 136.8 132.6 137.9 688.4 710.8 690.2 715.8 211.3 215.2 210.2 215.0
Michigan........... 170.3 172.2 171.1 172.8 1,017.4 1,032.7 1,021.3 1,037.2 205.7 207.6 205.6 208.4
Minnesota.......... 121.6 125.0 122.7 125.5 583.9 595.1 588.2 599.8 144.2 149.0 145.3 150.2
Mississippi........ 52.3 53.1 52.4 53.1 234.0 236.0 235.5 239.2 41.2 41.1 41.5 41.4
Missouri........... 163.6 165.3 164.6 166.6 611.6 618.5 617.8 627.8 152.4 155.6 153.9 156.6
Montana............ 20.8 21.1 20.8 21.1 95.1 96.2 96.0 96.9 16.1 16.6 16.2 16.7
Nebraska........... 52.5 55.0 53.1 55.1 205.3 210.8 206.4 212.6 54.3 56.2 53.7 56.7
Nevada............. 44.1 46.7 44.7 46.8 175.2 184.1 175.5 184.4 39.6 41.7 39.3 41.9
New Hampshire...... 19.1 19.2 19.2 19.4 141.3 144.0 142.2 145.4 29.0 29.3 29.0 29.6
New Jersey......... 255.2 261.7 256.8 261.8 850.2 864.7 852.7 867.7 235.7 241.0 235.6 241.7
New Mexico......... 31.8 32.9 31.9 32.9 164.3 167.1 165.3 168.4 31.4 31.3 31.3 31.4
New York........... 406.6 408.0 406.7 408.8 1,601.5 1,620.2 1,604.5 1,629.7 714.9 720.7 714.2 722.1
North Carolina..... 168.6 169.6 169.9 169.7 823.2 837.1 828.7 839.2 162.6 172.2 164.6 172.9
North Dakota....... 18.0 18.3 18.1 18.3 78.8 80.1 79.9 80.3 14.5 15.3 14.5 15.4
Ohio............... 230.5 232.2 232.8 233.8 1,284.0 1,295.2 1,292.2 1,302.7 283.2 288.8 285.3 290.7
Oklahoma........... 77.6 80.9 78.1 81.3 320.2 324.1 321.3 325.7 68.5 70.3 68.9 70.8
Oregon............. 73.6 74.3 74.4 74.7 365.7 378.8 368.7 380.9 93.8 96.0 94.5 96.2
Pennsylvania....... 278.2 280.1 277.8 280.2 1,191.9 1,201.8 1,199.0 1,214.5 309.2 316.3 310.3 317.6
Rhode Island....... 15.0 15.8 15.2 15.7 94.8 95.6 95.9 96.3 26.3 26.8 26.4 27.0
South Carolina..... 74.2 76.6 75.0 77.1 402.1 426.6 407.5 435.0 73.4 76.5 74.1 77.4
South Dakota....... 16.2 15.9 16.2 16.0 85.4 85.3 86.5 86.5 20.5 21.6 20.6 21.7
Tennessee.......... 148.6 151.8 148.6 152.3 598.6 611.5 604.3 617.1 118.6 122.7 119.2 122.7
Texas.............. 501.3 530.8 506.8 534.1 2,009.1 2,069.1 2,018.7 2,081.1 456.0 474.7 458.5 476.8
Utah............... 55.3 57.6 55.9 57.8 233.1 239.7 233.9 240.7 52.3 53.5 52.3 53.8
Vermont............ 12.1 12.4 12.1 12.4 63.6 64.2 63.4 64.0 11.9 12.0 12.1 12.0
Virginia........... 164.6 171.1 165.1 171.4 711.0 723.9 711.4 729.5 166.4 169.8 166.1 169.8
Washington......... 131.1 134.9 132.5 136.1 588.3 606.2 593.8 612.5 125.4 132.0 126.8 133.3
West Virginia...... 38.6 38.2 38.7 38.5 158.3 160.6 159.4 161.5 27.7 28.2 28.1 28.3
Wisconsin.......... 121.5 123.0 123.8 123.8 585.2 596.7 590.0 603.2 138.5 141.3 139.3 142.3
Wyoming............ 13.7 13.6 13.7 13.7 50.1 49.8 50.7 50.2 8.0 8.2 8.0 8.2
Puerto Rico........ 26.0 26.5 27.6 25.6 195.6 193.9 195.0 193.6 46.0 45.7 46.3 46.0
Services Government
March April March April
1997 1998 1997 1998p 1997 1998 1997 1998p
Alabama............ 421.0 438.0 426.2 438.9 350.1 351.3 350.3 350.5
Alaska............. 62.1 64.4 63.1 65.3 74.4 74.3 74.9 75.0
Arizona............ 594.4 627.3 592.2 628.8 332.7 345.4 334.6 342.6
Arkansas........... 249.2 259.3 252.4 261.8 185.9 188.7 186.6 189.2
California......... 3,991.2 4,185.1 4,018.2 4,204.9 2,170.2 2,203.4 2,172.7 2,206.9
Colorado........... 586.3 612.2 588.8 613.3 318.7 324.0 318.7 323.9
Connecticut........ 486.1 500.3 492.3 508.4 231.4 231.6 229.9 230.9
Delaware........... 103.7 110.0 105.5 110.9 54.1 54.7 54.0 55.2
District of
Columbia........ 267.0 268.0 265.1 266.9 232.6 225.4 233.6 227.0
Florida............ 2,240.4 2,387.1 2,248.8 2,400.9 956.4 973.0 957.1 971.6
Georgia............ 927.7 975.9 926.1 983.3 578.7 593.0 579.6 593.3
Hawaii(2).......... 170.3 170.1 168.5 170.2 114.2 115.1 114.0 114.9
Idaho.............. 118.1 120.0 119.8 120.3 100.1 103.3 100.5 103.3
Illinois........... 1,649.9 1,699.9 1,667.8 1,719.1 820.3 821.1 816.1 820.9
Indiana............ 671.0 693.8 681.7 702.1 401.9 401.2 402.6 401.3
Iowa............... 362.1 374.4 366.7 379.3 238.1 242.7 239.4 243.4
Kansas............. 307.5 325.4 314.8 330.4 242.9 246.4 243.3 246.2
Kentucky........... 414.6 431.5 421.1 437.6 295.7 298.4 298.9 298.9
Louisiana.......... 490.7 511.5 495.7 511.8 365.2 370.4 367.8 372.6
Maine.............. 150.9 157.2 152.1 159.2 96.4 96.0 96.4 95.5
Maryland........... 736.5 756.8 748.4 763.3 423.8 427.1 423.1 427.6
Massachusetts...... 1,087.5 1,126.0 1,102.2 1,142.5 407.3 414.1 410.0 415.8
Michigan........... 1,194.2 1,235.1 1,209.0 1,249.3 673.2 676.4 669.5 671.8
Minnesota.......... 684.7 710.8 690.3 717.4 387.2 390.3 387.1 390.4
Mississippi........ 253.5 262.9 256.2 265.3 220.0 223.5 220.9 224.2
Missouri........... 724.5 734.8 735.2 746.4 419.9 427.3 424.5 432.0
Montana............ 101.2 105.0 103.0 105.9 79.3 79.7 79.1 79.6
Nebraska........... 226.9 234.9 227.4 236.9 153.5 154.7 154.1 154.0
Nevada............. 377.1 388.2 377.4 390.1 107.3 112.2 107.3 112.6
New Hampshire...... 158.8 161.5 160.8 162.5 81.2 80.5 81.6 81.4
New Jersey......... 1,142.3 1,190.2 1,156.0 1,202.7 575.2 576.4 575.8 575.9
New Mexico......... 192.3 197.3 192.7 197.2 177.0 181.4 178.9 181.5
New York........... 2,663.9 2,748.4 2,685.0 2,768.6 1,394.7 1,389.2 1,393.2 1,387.8
North Carolina..... 840.6 899.1 853.7 906.4 584.3 608.3 587.1 609.9
North Dakota....... 85.7 88.6 86.4 88.9 72.4 72.3 72.1 72.2
Ohio............... 1,433.9 1,482.0 1,460.0 1,500.3 775.0 780.0 768.5 774.4
Oklahoma........... 370.2 385.1 375.6 389.5 279.3 285.2 279.0 283.8
Oregon............. 393.0 411.5 397.9 414.8 255.6 261.9 255.9 261.3
Pennsylvania....... 1,679.3 1,723.9 1,705.2 1,745.8 730.8 725.4 733.3 727.3
Rhode Island....... 147.4 150.1 150.4 151.7 63.7 66.1 64.4 66.0
South Carolina..... 387.9 409.3 392.6 416.2 304.6 308.9 303.3 308.4
South Dakota....... 88.9 92.7 90.2 93.7 71.1 71.6 71.6 71.7
Tennessee.......... 667.5 694.3 678.8 696.0 387.5 393.0 387.3 393.7
Texas.............. 2,332.7 2,467.5 2,361.0 2,489.0 1,495.8 1,520.6 1,499.8 1,526.1
Utah............... 265.9 278.0 265.6 278.1 175.2 181.2 175.9 182.1
Vermont............ 85.0 87.0 81.9 83.9 47.3 47.5 47.9 47.7
Virginia........... 952.1 1,007.9 959.5 1,019.8 605.0 608.0 607.2 609.7
Washington......... 664.5 695.3 672.1 703.9 462.2 465.2 463.8 467.0
West Virginia...... 194.1 201.7 196.5 202.8 140.4 141.7 140.0 141.1
Wisconsin.......... 654.4 685.3 664.9 691.7 393.6 398.2 395.7 403.5
Wyoming............ 45.5 45.6 45.8 45.8 59.1 58.8 59.2 58.9
Puerto Rico........ 194.5 192.1 195.2 192.2 306.5 300.7 304.5 299.8
1 Includes mining, not shown separately.
2 Mining is combined with construction.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to
reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be
revised when new information becomes available.