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Internet address: http://stat.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information USDL 98-219 Employment (202 606-6559 Unemployment 606-6392 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, May 22, 1998 REGIONAL AND STATE EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: APRIL 1998 Unemployment rates fell in April in all four regions of the U.S, with the most notable decreases occurring in the Midwest and Northeast. Declines were recorded in 35 states and the District of Columbia, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported. The national jobless rate dropped from 4.7 percent in March to 4.3 percent in April. Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 37 states. Regional Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) Among the regions, the Midwest reported the lowest unemployment rate in April, 3.4 percent, which also was the lowest rate in its series. The West again had the highest rate, 5.2 percent. Over the year, rates declined by 0.8 percentage point in the Northeast, by 0.7 point in both the Midwest and South, and by 0.5 point in the West. (See table 1.) Among the nine geographic divisions, the West North Central posted the lowest unemployment rate (3.1 percent in April), while the Pacific division reported the highest (5.6 percent). Only two other divisions--the West South Central and the Middle Atlantic--had rates greater than 4.5 percent. The East North Central and South Atlantic divisions recorded the lowest jobless rates in their series. Over the month, the East North Central and New England divisions experienced the largest declines (-0.5 percentage point each). Compared with a year ago, unemployment rates were lower by -0.6 percentage point or more in all divisions, except the Mountain division, where it was essentially unchanged. The largest over-the-year decreases occurred in the New England (-1.2 points) and the East South Central (-1.0 point) divisions. State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) In April, 28 states reported unemployment rates below the U.S. average, while 21 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates. The lowest rates were in North Dakota (1.9 percent) and Nebraska (2.0 percent), while 13 other states had rates below 3.5 percent. Twelve states recorded new lows in their series. The highest jobless rates among the states were in West Virginia (6.6 percent) and New Mexico (6.1 percent). The rate in the District of Columbia was 8.8 percent. (See table 3 and chart 1.) Unemployment rates decreased over the month in 35 states and the District of Columbia, increased in 11 states, and were unchanged in 4 states. Massachusetts experienced the largest decline (-0.8 percentage point), followed by Wisconsin (-0.7 point) and Indiana (-0.6 point). Eight additional states and the District of Columbia had rate declines of onehalf percentage point. Louisiana and South Carolina registered the largest increases, 0.8 and 0.5 percentage point, respectively. Compared with April 1997, unemployment rates were lower in 43 states, unchanged in 5 states, and higher in 2 states and the District of Columbia. The largest over-the-year declines occurred in Alaska (-2.6 percentage points), South Carolina (-1.9 points), Maine (-1.6 points), and Alabama, Connecticut, and Kentucky (-1.5 points each). Ten other states had - 2 decreases of at least 1.0 percentage point, and 21 additional states reported declines of 0.5 point or more. The only state with a notable increase was Nevada, where the rate rose by one-half percentage point. District of Columbia's rate rose by 1.1 percentage points. The Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted) Nonfarm payroll employment rose in 37 states in April. New Hampshire had the highest percentage increase (0.6 percent), followed by Nebraska and South Carolina (both 0.5 percent). Increases of 0.4 percent were recorded in Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, Texas, Vermont, and Washington. The largest numerical increases occurred in Texas (33,600), California (32,000), and Florida (18,400). The largest percentage decline (-0.3 percent) was reported in West Virginia. The District of Columbia, Hawaii, Maryland, and New Mexico all experienced a decrease in nonfarm payroll employment of 0.2 percent. (See table 5.) Employment in construction rebounded in April, while growth in finance, insurance, and real estate remained strong. Construction employment rose in 36 states in April, compared with 25 states in March. Employment increases in finance, insurance, and real estate were reported in 34 states in April and in 36 states in March. Over the year, nonfarm payroll employment increased in 49 states. Nevada had the highest growth rate (4.5 percent), followed by Arizona (4.4 percent). California reported the largest absolute job growth (428,300), followed by Texas (324,800) and Florida (250,900). The District of Columbia (-1.0 percent) and Hawaii (-0.6 percent) had the only decreases in employment. (See chart 2.) __________________ The Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for April is scheduled to be issued on June 3. The Regional and State Employment and Unemployment release for May is scheduled to be issued on June 19. Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for census regions and divisions, states, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1-4). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 5 and 6). The LAUS and CES programs are both Federal-State cooperative endeavors. Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labormanagement dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. This method utilizes data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Effective January 1998, estimates for census regions and divisions are obtained by summing the model-based estimates for the component states and then calculating the unemployment rate. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the two large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual averages, usually effective with January estimates. The regional and state data will not sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los AngelesLong Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently adjusted levels. Region and division levels are calculated as the sum of the levels of the component states. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar year, usually coincident with January estimates. Employment--from the CES program Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, except for federal government employment, which represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios. Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals for states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for major industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments. Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to national totals. Because each state series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure. Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data also are subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences, however, are generally insignificant. Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error, in the form of standard errors for state annual average estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings. Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request. Additional information More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which is available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-1800), and from the BLS Handbook of Methods, Bulletin 2490, August 1997. Estimates of labor force and unemployment for over 330 metropolitan areas are available in the news release, Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment. Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of various federal economic assistance programs are provided in the report, Unemployment in States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in microfiche form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office for $41.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is 029-001-81003-2. These data also are available from the BLS Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/lauhome.htm). Employment data from the CES program are available at http://stats.bls.gov/790home.htm. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Census region and division Number Apr. 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 Apr. 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Percent of labor force Apr. 1998 Apr. 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 Northeast........... 26,094.6 26,097.5 26,105.9 26,042.0 1,434.7 1,291.1 1,308.4 1,217.5 5.5 4.9 5.0 4.7 New England....... 7,112.1 7,123.0 7,139.0 7,102.5 Middle Atlantic... 18,982.5 18,974.5 18,966.9 18,939.5 327.3 1,107.5 258.4 1,032.7 276.2 1,032.2 241.7 975.8 4.6 5.8 3.6 5.4 3.9 5.4 3.4 5.2 South............... 46,960.3 47,818.3 47,879.6 47,922.8 2,360.6 2,066.4 2,118.6 2,051.1 5.0 4.3 4.4 4.3 South Atlantic.... 24,275.7 24,765.7 24,763.1 24,793.8 East South Central 8,039.8 8,136.3 8,167.0 8,147.6 West South Central 14,644.8 14,916.3 14,949.5 14,981.4 1,125.3 437.4 798.0 1,041.0 351.0 674.4 1,042.5 382.8 693.3 1,001.5 356.6 693.0 4.6 5.4 5.4 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.7 4.6 4.0 4.4 4.6 Midwest............. 32,830.1 33,376.7 33,383.1 33,282.4 1,352.7 1,229.1 1,256.6 1,126.4 4.1 3.7 3.8 3.4 East North Central 22,776.4 23,114.8 23,134.0 23,012.8 West North Central 10,053.8 10,262.0 10,249.1 10,269.6 981.1 371.6 917.3 311.8 924.3 332.3 807.9 318.5 4.3 3.7 4.0 3.0 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.1 West................ 29,829.6 30,513.8 30,617.8 30,589.6 1,705.4 1,569.3 1,613.7 1,588.7 5.7 5.1 5.3 5.2 Mountain.......... 8,324.2 8,672.2 8,685.1 8,706.6 Pacific........... 21,505.4 21,841.6 21,932.8 21,883.0 369.8 1,335.6 348.5 1,220.8 368.1 1,245.6 371.4 1,217.4 4.4 6.2 4.0 5.6 4.2 5.7 4.3 5.6 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that compose the various census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by census regions and divisions, not seasonally adjusted1 Unemployed Civilian labor force Number Census region and division March Percent of labor force April March April March April 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 1997 1998 Northeast........... 25,928.6 25,962.2 25,868.3 25,814.2 1,526.4 1,399.2 1,405.8 1,188.9 5.9 5.4 5.4 4.6 New England....... 7,050.2 7,090.5 7,041.8 7,030.6 Middle Atlantic... 18,878.4 18,871.7 18,826.6 18,783.7 351.1 1,175.3 306.1 1,093.1 323.1 1,082.6 237.8 951.1 5.0 6.2 4.3 5.8 4.6 5.8 3.4 5.1 South............... 46,603.2 47,567.9 46,642.2 47,613.1 2,324.2 2,057.9 2,187.7 1,888.4 5.0 4.3 4.7 4.0 South Atlantic.... 24,093.4 24,613.3 24,114.7 24,633.0 East South Central 7,964.1 8,100.5 7,976.6 8,085.4 West South Central 14,545.6 14,854.1 14,550.8 14,894.8 1,100.8 431.0 792.3 1,006.9 371.3 679.7 1,037.9 410.6 739.2 918.1 330.5 639.8 4.6 5.4 5.4 4.1 4.6 4.6 4.3 5.1 5.1 3.7 4.1 4.3 Midwest............. 32,533.3 33,098.4 32,609.7 33,054.7 1,487.4 1,375.5 1,336.3 1,110.2 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.4 East North Central 22,559.7 22,935.8 22,592.4 22,822.8 West North Central 9,973.7 10,162.7 10,017.4 10,231.9 1,087.5 399.9 1,018.7 356.8 971.3 365.0 798.4 311.8 4.8 4.0 4.4 3.5 4.3 3.6 3.5 3.0 West................ 29,530.0 30,409.9 29,602.7 30,359.7 1,752.4 1,649.4 1,656.1 1,538.7 5.9 5.4 5.6 5.1 Mountain.......... 8,211.3 8,591.8 8,235.8 8,615.1 Pacific........... 21,318.6 21,818.1 21,366.9 21,744.6 366.5 1,385.8 363.9 1,285.5 345.6 1,310.5 346.7 1,192.0 4.5 6.5 4.2 5.9 4.2 6.1 4.0 5.5 1 These estimates are obtained by summing the state estimates. The composition of the regions and divisions is described in table 1. NOTE: All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 3. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted (Number in thousands) Unemployed Civilian labor force State and Area Number Percent of labor force Apr. 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998p Apr. 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Alabama................ Alaska................. Arizona................ Arkansas............... California............. Los Angeles-Long Beach............. Colorado............... Connecticut............ Delaware............... District of Columbia... Florida................ 2,180.7 315.3 2,141.0 1,198.3 15,910.2 2,141.6 318.0 2,252.4 1,243.9 16,147.0 2,149.9 317.4 2,263.3 1,248.9 16,218.2 2,137.0 316.3 2,269.6 1,249.0 16,204.2 114.1 26.1 105.2 62.8 1,018.7 81.8 20.1 89.3 65.4 958.0 89.9 19.0 99.0 70.1 980.0 4,476.8 2,137.8 1,722.2 376.3 258.1 7,040.6 4,577.9 2,232.9 1,716.8 388.7 260.6 7,258.3 4,622.1 2,231.4 1,722.4 393.2 260.6 7,269.7 4,581.8 2,238.6 1,714.7 393.1 268.4 7,300.5 313.6 72.2 93.3 16.3 19.9 342.2 271.9 67.2 65.0 13.6 23.6 336.1 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,895.4 590.5 630.1 6,109.7 3,087.0 1,577.7 1,349.8 1,921.2 2,019.3 659.2 3,950.0 592.8 641.7 6,186.3 3,111.1 1,594.3 1,409.7 1,936.3 2,038.0 657.9 3,931.6 592.9 644.8 6,189.1 3,133.9 1,588.6 1,409.8 1,945.8 2,033.2 655.0 3,959.6 592.4 646.1 6,140.1 3,116.8 1,582.4 1,414.4 1,938.0 2,053.8 653.1 182.6 38.8 34.1 283.2 106.5 54.0 52.4 106.0 125.5 36.7 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,790.2 3,261.7 4,983.1 2,605.0 1,255.9 2,885.2 451.6 897.1 874.3 640.3 2,802.1 3,258.3 5,051.1 2,675.4 1,281.5 2,911.7 462.5 926.2 911.4 652.7 2,796.9 3,268.4 5,047.6 2,684.1 1,289.9 2,894.8 461.8 926.8 909.6 652.0 2,792.4 3,244.6 5,027.4 2,692.4 1,282.8 2,910.6 462.1 926.7 913.2 653.5 New Jersey............. New Mexico............. New York............... New York City........ North Carolina......... North Dakota........... 4,195.6 813.2 8,809.4 3,386.1 3,846.2 348.5 4,185.9 837.7 8,810.2 3,368.9 3,847.8 346.0 4,192.5 841.7 8,795.3 3,356.0 3,846.9 346.4 4,187.6 841.9 8,773.0 3,345.2 3,822.0 344.8 Apr. 1998p Apr. 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. Apr. 1998 1998p 78.4 18.1 99.8 64.9 951.9 5.2 8.3 4.9 5.2 6.4 3.8 6.3 4.0 5.3 5.9 4.2 6.0 4.4 5.6 6.0 3.7 5.7 4.4 5.2 5.9 294.0 69.9 69.4 13.6 24.2 346.4 289.7 73.9 66.9 14.8 23.7 336.2 7.0 3.4 5.4 4.3 7.7 4.9 5.9 3.0 3.8 3.5 9.1 4.6 6.4 3.1 4.0 3.5 9.3 4.8 6.3 3.3 3.9 3.8 8.8 4.6 163.6 34.1 32.2 283.6 100.5 41.4 47.7 79.9 88.2 30.3 159.1 34.4 33.5 280.0 106.9 41.5 49.5 86.9 95.8 28.4 155.6 31.3 33.2 255.0 87.1 38.1 47.4 77.2 113.5 26.0 4.7 6.6 5.4 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.9 5.5 6.2 5.6 4.1 5.7 5.0 4.6 3.2 2.6 3.4 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.0 5.8 5.2 4.5 3.4 2.6 3.5 4.5 4.7 4.3 3.9 5.3 5.1 4.2 2.8 2.4 3.4 4.0 5.5 4.0 142.9 135.5 217.2 91.5 71.4 126.2 25.0 24.9 36.7 20.9 134.9 108.9 205.0 69.1 69.1 118.7 24.3 17.9 41.8 18.1 130.4 121.9 198.8 77.1 75.4 124.7 25.0 20.5 42.4 19.3 123.8 95.2 175.6 68.4 68.3 128.8 25.2 18.2 43.1 18.5 5.1 4.2 4.4 3.5 5.7 4.4 5.5 2.8 4.2 3.3 4.8 3.3 4.1 2.6 5.4 4.1 5.3 1.9 4.6 2.8 4.7 3.7 3.9 2.9 5.8 4.3 5.4 2.2 4.7 3.0 4.4 2.9 3.5 2.5 5.3 4.4 5.5 2.0 4.7 2.8 215.7 50.6 570.8 328.9 133.1 10.0 210.6 52.5 542.3 297.0 141.3 6.6 214.0 54.0 533.5 288.5 148.8 8.4 213.5 51.2 505.4 270.4 139.4 6.6 5.1 6.2 6.5 9.7 3.5 2.9 5.0 6.3 6.2 8.8 3.7 1.9 5.1 6.4 6.1 8.6 3.9 2.4 5.1 6.1 5.8 8.1 3.6 1.9 Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... 5,679.0 1,596.8 1,712.7 5,977.5 505.2 5,803.6 1,612.4 1,774.4 5,978.3 506.5 5,805.8 1,616.2 1,778.5 5,979.1 509.5 5,781.3 1,611.0 1,769.2 5,978.9 506.3 265.5 68.4 103.3 321.0 27.9 240.9 56.9 83.9 279.8 24.6 247.5 57.5 87.2 284.8 25.8 220.8 60.1 90.1 256.9 24.6 4.7 4.3 6.0 5.4 5.5 4.2 3.5 4.7 4.7 4.9 4.3 3.6 4.9 4.8 5.1 3.8 3.7 5.1 4.3 4.9 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,911.9 390.6 2,682.0 9,830.4 1,027.2 323.4 3,351.4 2,976.7 805.5 2,917.6 249.1 1,910.4 398.7 2,776.9 10,022.0 1,079.5 330.8 3,547.6 3,009.4 800.4 2,962.7 254.2 1,902.6 398.6 2,781.4 10,051.2 1,077.5 331.8 3,554.8 3,025.7 807.0 2,957.6 255.0 1,912.8 398.2 2,789.8 10,067.6 1,080.4 330.3 3,540.3 3,000.8 804.7 2,947.3 254.8 91.8 12.7 145.9 541.3 32.5 13.0 139.4 148.7 57.2 108.7 13.7 65.8 10.5 120.3 463.9 31.1 11.5 115.8 124.6 46.2 87.3 10.2 46.2 10.8 130.7 469.9 33.6 11.4 118.6 125.0 55.1 91.1 10.7 56.0 10.9 132.6 454.6 34.5 10.6 98.6 125.9 53.3 69.3 10.5 4.8 3.2 5.4 5.5 3.2 4.0 4.2 5.0 7.1 3.7 5.5 3.4 2.6 4.3 4.6 2.9 3.5 3.3 4.1 5.8 2.9 4.0 2.4 2.7 4.7 4.7 3.1 3.4 3.3 4.1 6.8 3.1 4.2 2.9 2.7 4.8 4.5 3.2 3.2 2.8 4.2 6.6 2.4 4.1 Puerto Rico............ 1,305.7 1,311.4 1,328.1 1,319.6 176.6 186.3 179.7 174.7 13.5 14.2 13.5 13.2 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. LABOR FORCE DATA LABOR FORCE DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 4. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed Civilian labor force State Number March 1997 April 1998 1997 March Percent of labor force 1998p 1997 April 1998 1997 March 1998p 1997 April 1998 1997 1998p Alabama................ 2,158.3 2,134.5 2,177.3 2,133.8 Alaska................. 311.3 312.1 310.2 310.8 Arizona................ 2,112.9 2,234.8 2,117.5 2,244.6 Arkansas............... 1,194.7 1,242.4 1,195.7 1,245.9 California............. 15,777.7 16,138.7 15,803.9 16,098.4 Los Angeles-Long Beach............. 4,433.1 4,596.7 4,451.6 4,556.8 Colorado............... 2,100.3 2,202.7 2,102.8 2,203.3 Connecticut............ 1,710.4 1,712.1 1,707.6 1,700.1 Delaware............... 376.3 391.8 371.9 388.8 District of Columbia... 258.0 259.3 255.0 265.2 Florida................ 6,966.7 7,219.5 6,983.1 7,240.8 99.2 29.9 89.9 66.5 1,031.2 77.8 21.7 83.5 71.5 988.0 108.1 27.1 91.2 58.6 991.6 72.6 18.8 85.8 60.4 924.7 4.6 9.6 4.3 5.6 6.5 3.6 7.0 3.7 5.8 6.1 5.0 8.7 4.3 4.9 6.3 3.4 6.0 3.8 4.9 5.7 305.9 75.3 94.1 17.8 19.5 312.1 285.3 72.1 70.7 14.5 23.6 317.0 302.8 64.6 88.5 14.6 18.2 316.7 278.9 66.2 62.1 13.1 22.1 311.3 6.9 3.6 5.5 4.7 7.6 4.5 6.2 3.3 4.1 3.7 9.1 4.4 6.8 3.1 5.2 3.9 7.2 4.5 6.1 3.0 3.7 3.4 8.3 4.3 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,893.9 590.3 622.1 6,073.9 3,050.8 1,576.7 1,340.7 1,890.4 2,008.5 655.9 3,938.5 591.4 638.5 6,147.6 3,105.4 1,579.6 1,403.0 1,919.2 2,024.4 649.5 3,876.7 590.9 623.4 6,076.9 3,083.5 1,571.9 1,341.2 1,906.2 2,007.4 650.7 3,939.8 592.7 639.3 6,107.3 3,113.6 1,576.9 1,404.9 1,924.0 2,042.1 644.6 184.4 37.5 40.4 310.4 117.1 66.8 52.7 110.8 121.8 43.8 158.4 32.8 39.8 297.7 116.9 49.9 50.8 88.3 90.9 36.1 166.7 39.2 36.0 279.8 109.7 54.7 51.1 102.8 113.4 40.6 139.7 31.7 35.1 251.7 90.2 38.6 46.1 74.9 101.2 30.0 4.7 6.4 6.5 5.1 3.8 4.2 3.9 5.9 6.1 6.7 4.0 5.5 6.2 4.8 3.8 3.2 3.6 4.6 4.5 5.6 4.3 6.6 5.8 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 5.4 5.6 6.2 3.5 5.3 5.5 4.1 2.9 2.5 3.3 3.9 5.0 4.6 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,764.0 3,236.1 4,940.8 2,572.2 1,254.7 2,868.0 448.1 890.9 864.6 631.2 2,767.4 3,249.3 5,008.3 2,657.4 1,286.6 2,872.9 459.7 918.5 902.7 647.9 2,758.5 3,231.4 4,916.1 2,592.2 1,245.3 2,884.1 451.6 892.0 867.4 636.4 2,760.6 3,213.0 4,957.7 2,679.3 1,272.1 2,909.4 462.1 921.5 906.2 649.5 142.1 147.8 241.4 97.0 74.0 130.7 28.1 26.8 33.8 21.3 131.1 137.4 222.5 84.5 74.5 128.0 28.9 21.2 39.4 21.4 132.9 131.9 210.3 94.6 64.1 120.7 24.6 21.6 34.3 22.0 113.8 91.9 169.1 71.5 60.9 123.5 24.9 14.9 40.6 19.6 5.1 4.6 4.9 3.8 5.9 4.6 6.3 3.0 3.9 3.4 4.7 4.2 4.4 3.2 5.8 4.5 6.3 2.3 4.4 3.3 4.8 4.1 4.3 3.6 5.1 4.2 5.5 2.4 3.9 3.5 4.1 2.9 3.4 2.7 4.8 4.2 5.4 1.6 4.5 3.0 New Jersey............. New Mexico............. New York............... New York City........ North Carolina......... North Dakota........... Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... 4,172.9 809.9 8,782.4 3,410.4 3,808.7 340.4 5,611.0 1,592.3 1,698.4 5,923.1 4,172.8 840.7 8,775.4 3,380.1 3,809.7 338.8 5,745.8 1,613.5 1,767.4 5,923.5 4,161.4 812.4 8,741.0 3,377.8 3,819.2 346.7 5,619.1 1,595.9 1,707.5 5,924.2 4,153.2 841.0 8,704.9 3,337.1 3,795.4 343.0 5,719.3 1,610.7 1,764.2 5,925.6 226.0 52.9 611.4 348.4 134.4 11.0 290.5 68.4 122.9 337.9 220.1 54.3 571.1 304.9 145.0 9.5 270.8 57.9 102.0 301.9 200.4 49.7 559.4 328.1 121.3 10.2 253.8 65.1 105.9 322.8 197.7 50.1 494.5 269.9 127.5 6.8 208.9 56.8 92.8 258.9 5.4 6.5 7.0 10.2 3.5 3.2 5.2 4.3 7.2 5.7 5.3 6.5 6.5 9.0 3.8 2.8 4.7 3.6 5.8 5.1 4.8 6.1 6.4 9.7 3.2 2.9 4.5 4.1 6.2 5.4 4.8 6.0 5.7 8.1 3.4 2.0 3.7 3.5 5.3 4.4 Rhode Island........... 496.0 502.5 495.3 496.4 29.7 27.9 26.2 22.9 6.0 5.6 5.3 4.6 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,906.8 384.7 2,660.7 9,750.1 1,005.4 320.6 3,321.8 2,941.0 797.3 2,883.1 248.1 1,898.2 392.5 2,760.2 9,973.8 1,058.6 329.1 3,531.1 3,008.6 797.8 2,928.6 254.0 1,910.9 389.3 2,647.8 9,751.9 1,012.7 320.4 3,339.3 2,954.4 800.1 2,896.7 248.0 1,911.6 396.9 2,755.4 9,996.0 1,064.8 327.1 3,531.4 2,978.4 799.3 2,924.9 253.7 96.6 14.8 147.0 535.6 30.3 14.5 131.5 164.3 62.4 128.1 15.8 44.8 13.0 130.7 459.5 32.5 12.6 112.1 141.1 60.3 110.9 13.4 83.2 12.1 135.7 502.1 30.6 13.9 126.8 146.7 57.6 117.7 14.7 47.1 10.4 122.1 421.4 32.5 11.3 89.7 124.0 53.8 78.5 11.5 5.1 3.8 5.5 5.5 3.0 4.5 4.0 5.6 7.8 4.4 6.4 2.4 3.3 4.7 4.6 3.1 3.8 3.2 4.7 7.6 3.8 5.3 4.4 3.1 5.1 5.1 3.0 4.3 3.8 5.0 7.2 4.1 5.9 2.5 2.6 4.4 4.2 3.1 3.4 2.5 4.2 6.7 2.7 4.5 Puerto Rico............ 1,296.8 1,326.4 1,294.3 1,307.7 167.7 177.6 175.9 174.4 12.9 13.4 13.6 13.3 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 5. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State April 1997 Feb. 1998 March 1998 April 1998p 1,859.6 267.7 1,961.2 1,100.4 13089.3 1,877.2 273.1 2,037.9 1,113.1 13439.9 1,879.4 273.7 2,045.6 1,118.9 13485.6 1,877.8 274.2 2,048.0 1,123.5 13517.6 97.0 12.8 129.7 47.5 543.7 97.9 12.8 133.5 47.5 582.3 97.0 12.8 134.5 47.7 591.9 98.6 380.8 379.2 378.0 377.0 13.0 16.0 16.4 16.3 15.7 133.5 203.8 215.0 215.1 215.6 48.7 253.4 255.3 255.1 255.6 591.9 1,901.0 1,945.2 1,947.1 1,947.1 Colorado........... 1,962.7 2,019.9 2,023.9 2,021.0 Connecticut........ 1,608.8 1,641.2 1,639.6 1,642.2 Delaware........... 384.8 396.6 398.0 398.2 District of Columbia........ 615.9 609.4 610.9 609.9 117.4 56.3 21.5 128.0 60.1 22.8 127.9 59.8 22.2 126.0 59.5 22.1 202.3 276.2 57.4 208.4 276.9 57.3 208.8 277.0 58.8 208.7 277.4 58.8 9.1 8.8 8.9 8.7 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.8 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... April 1997 Feb. 1998 March 1998 April 1998p April 1997 Feb. 1998 March 1998 April 1998p Florida............ 6,371.6 6,577.9 6,604.1 6,622.5 329.0 340.6 342.6 344.3 491.2 491.7 491.3 492.6 Georgia............ 3,585.0 3,707.4 3,714.9 3,722.2 Hawaii(2).......... 531.5 528.4 529.0 528.2 Idaho.............. 506.2 516.1 516.7 516.2 Illinois........... 5,743.2 5,833.2 5,834.5 5,849.3 Indiana............ 2,857.1 2,878.8 2,880.0 2,890.2 165.9 22.5 31.9 234.3 141.2 177.2 21.9 33.2 240.8 143.8 178.2 22.1 32.6 235.9 140.6 178.8 21.9 32.5 241.1 144.8 589.0 16.7 74.4 969.8 678.2 587.1 16.4 76.7 980.2 680.1 589.9 16.4 76.3 980.5 682.9 590.8 16.3 76.6 982.1 680.8 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 1,396.6 1,259.0 1,707.7 1,840.2 548.6 1,426.1 1,294.4 1,735.4 1,875.8 560.8 1,429.2 1,294.4 1,738.0 1,879.5 561.0 1,435.4 1,298.0 1,744.2 1,878.4 561.1 58.0 57.8 81.5 116.7 23.5 60.3 60.8 83.3 118.0 24.4 60.6 58.5 85.4 118.4 24.2 62.0 59.5 86.5 117.9 24.0 251.5 204.3 316.1 190.2 87.2 257.0 210.2 317.9 190.4 88.2 258.4 210.4 314.9 190.5 87.4 258.1 211.0 315.3 190.1 87.3 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,253.9 3,099.0 4,439.2 2,468.4 1,101.5 2,282.4 3,185.5 4,506.7 2,522.3 1,120.9 2,277.2 3,190.6 4,503.3 2,530.1 1,117.2 2,273.2 3,197.6 4,518.2 2,528.1 1,121.6 138.3 98.9 180.3 92.4 49.3 140.1 108.8 187.3 99.4 52.6 137.4 108.3 184.6 99.2 51.9 136.9 108.3 189.6 99.8 52.3 176.8 446.5 967.3 431.4 241.6 177.1 456.9 973.2 438.7 242.6 176.8 456.3 973.8 442.4 241.5 175.7 454.8 979.7 441.7 241.7 Missouri........... 2,626.3 2,662.9 2,651.6 2,663.4 Montana............ 362.9 370.6 370.2 369.8 Nebraska........... 848.7 878.5 873.0 877.2 Nevada............. 880.4 912.8 916.0 919.7 New Hampshire...... 565.9 572.6 570.5 573.8 120.3 16.8 37.7 80.9 20.9 124.8 18.7 42.4 85.2 22.0 118.5 18.2 40.8 86.1 22.2 123.3 17.8 41.5 87.0 22.4 417.5 24.1 115.7 40.1 106.2 420.0 24.6 118.7 41.9 108.5 421.6 24.5 118.2 42.4 108.5 421.2 24.9 118.9 42.3 108.2 New Jersey......... 3,709.2 3,784.2 3,788.0 3,784.1 New Mexico......... 703.9 713.1 714.4 713.2 New York........... 8,007.6 8,098.6 8,117.5 8,123.0 North Carolina..... 3,642.6 3,734.1 3,735.5 3,738.6 North Dakota....... 312.1 319.0 318.1 317.9 130.8 42.5 263.1 202.1 14.4 137.1 42.1 268.5 208.7 15.2 136.4 42.2 270.6 209.5 15.1 135.8 42.6 271.4 210.7 15.3 482.4 45.8 921.4 834.4 23.0 485.5 46.3 920.3 833.7 23.9 485.2 45.6 920.4 833.1 23.9 482.4 45.4 918.0 831.3 23.9 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 5,446.1 1,417.9 1,562.0 5,452.4 454.9 223.6 50.1 81.3 214.0 14.4 228.4 52.1 84.3 219.4 15.5 228.1 52.3 84.9 220.6 16.1 232.5 1,090.8 1,096.9 1,097.8 1,094.7 52.3 176.5 184.4 184.4 183.9 85.6 242.8 247.5 247.7 246.9 222.3 935.4 941.6 939.7 938.7 16.9 79.8 79.4 79.3 78.6 South Carolina..... 1,710.8 1,767.8 1,775.6 1,784.8 South Dakota....... 352.0 357.0 357.3 357.7 Tennessee.......... 2,578.6 2,620.7 2,623.6 2,623.4 Texas.............. 8,533.3 8,801.2 8,824.5 8,858.1 Utah............... 987.1 1,018.2 1,024.3 1,025.5 99.4 14.2 117.0 453.1 64.0 106.0 16.0 117.7 476.7 66.5 106.7 15.6 119.2 477.8 67.3 107.9 362.3 361.4 362.5 363.9 15.8 49.4 49.6 49.6 49.1 120.3 518.4 518.2 518.5 516.9 479.7 1,075.9 1,093.4 1,095.9 1,097.5 68.2 132.5 135.3 135.4 135.6 Vermont............ 277.7 280.0 280.1 281.2 Virginia........... 3,212.1 3,291.1 3,303.6 3,309.7 12.9 183.9 12.6 191.5 12.5 192.9 12.9 193.9 5,373.6 1,379.2 1,519.6 5,383.4 448.5 5,436.3 1,410.7 1,557.3 5,448.0 454.1 5,445.3 1,415.9 1,561.9 5,447.2 453.7 46.0 403.8 47.4 406.6 47.3 407.6 47.8 407.4 Washington......... 2,496.6 2,558.5 2,566.4 2,577.8 West Virginia...... 706.0 715.6 715.2 713.0 Wisconsin.......... 2,636.8 2,694.1 2,696.5 2,702.0 Wyoming............ 222.8 222.4 223.9 224.6 135.4 35.3 107.7 14.5 Transportation and public utilities April 1997 Feb. 1998 March 1998 April 1998p 138.2 35.4 111.6 15.0 138.9 34.3 110.9 15.1 140.3 34.7 111.9 15.3 Trade April 1997 Feb. 1998 364.8 81.6 605.6 10.7 377.4 83.1 619.4 10.8 377.8 82.9 620.0 11.0 376.8 83.1 620.5 11.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate March 1998 April 1998p April 1997 Feb. 1998 March 1998 April 1998p Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 91.4 23.7 96.0 65.2 659.7 91.7 24.7 97.0 67.5 676.5 91.8 24.6 97.5 67.7 679.0 91.4 425.7 431.4 432.9 432.2 25.0 55.4 56.4 56.9 56.7 97.5 477.5 497.6 499.0 499.1 67.7 251.5 251.2 254.4 254.8 680.4 3,044.6 3,107.1 3,114.7 3,117.7 83.9 12.1 125.1 44.1 750.7 85.3 12.1 131.4 44.4 769.9 85.6 12.2 132.4 44.8 772.7 85.9 12.3 132.5 44.8 776.9 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 122.1 75.1 15.5 122.5 75.8 15.6 122.0 76.1 15.6 122.9 76.1 15.6 490.1 358.1 86.9 125.6 130.9 46.3 130.9 133.8 48.6 131.2 134.7 48.9 130.3 134.5 49.6 17.8 326.3 17.3 336.2 17.2 338.1 17.2 48.0 48.2 48.7 48.2 336.7 1,637.9 1,681.8 1,687.8 1,688.9 28.5 406.8 28.4 419.9 28.5 422.8 28.5 424.5 Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ 229.0 41.5 24.1 336.6 141.2 237.5 41.2 24.4 341.3 142.6 238.4 40.9 25.8 342.1 142.8 238.9 904.6 936.9 936.5 937.1 40.2 135.2 133.7 133.3 132.6 25.9 128.6 130.1 129.2 129.2 342.8 1,320.7 1,335.1 1,337.3 1,337.5 142.5 681.5 682.5 683.8 683.1 185.4 36.3 25.1 395.1 137.9 192.8 35.3 26.0 406.5 140.0 193.8 35.3 26.2 406.8 140.2 194.5 35.3 26.4 407.9 140.9 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 65.9 72.0 97.5 110.0 23.1 67.0 73.0 99.7 112.5 23.9 67.2 73.3 100.0 112.8 23.8 67.8 73.5 101.8 113.3 23.8 342.6 306.9 408.4 428.3 138.3 348.0 316.1 416.4 436.8 139.9 348.5 316.4 415.6 436.7 140.8 349.4 317.3 417.3 435.9 141.0 78.7 61.1 68.8 85.3 28.0 81.0 61.1 70.7 86.6 29.7 81.1 61.0 70.8 86.8 30.2 81.2 61.5 71.1 86.5 30.2 Maryland........... 107.2 106.2 105.5 105.6 534.7 541.0 541.6 539.3 130.4 131.8 131.1 131.5 479.1 351.2 85.3 490.7 359.9 87.7 491.9 359.0 87.7 Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 133.2 173.2 123.3 52.8 137.5 175.0 125.4 53.9 137.6 174.0 125.6 53.7 138.8 705.0 729.4 729.2 728.9 173.7 1,040.0 1,056.0 1,055.3 1,053.1 125.6 595.8 605.5 606.2 603.4 53.7 236.6 238.6 238.1 240.0 211.7 206.7 145.9 41.6 216.1 208.9 149.8 41.5 216.5 209.4 149.9 41.3 216.3 210.0 150.8 41.5 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 164.9 21.0 53.1 45.0 19.4 165.4 21.6 55.0 46.9 19.4 165.6 21.5 54.8 46.9 19.3 166.6 21.4 55.0 47.0 19.8 631.8 98.9 214.2 185.9 148.7 153.9 16.3 53.9 39.4 29.2 156.0 16.8 56.4 41.5 29.3 156.7 16.7 56.5 41.7 29.4 157.1 16.9 56.8 41.9 29.8 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 257.3 31.9 408.9 171.0 18.3 261.9 32.5 410.6 171.3 18.2 261.9 32.7 411.1 170.7 18.3 262.4 870.3 885.9 886.6 884.3 32.9 167.2 169.2 169.9 169.5 409.9 1,636.6 1,650.1 1,654.3 1,657.4 170.1 836.5 846.6 847.2 845.9 18.4 80.3 81.9 81.5 80.9 237.4 31.3 719.7 165.2 14.6 244.1 31.5 724.1 172.5 15.4 244.0 31.6 725.8 173.4 15.3 244.6 31.5 725.9 173.2 15.4 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 234.6 78.5 74.9 278.4 15.4 235.4 81.1 74.6 280.8 15.9 235.2 81.6 74.7 280.4 16.0 235.2 1,306.6 1,317.6 1,318.1 1,315.0 81.7 323.7 327.0 327.9 328.1 74.8 375.1 384.5 387.0 386.0 280.8 1,212.0 1,221.3 1,224.1 1,225.0 15.8 98.1 99.2 99.0 98.7 286.5 69.0 94.8 312.1 26.4 289.8 70.5 96.0 318.5 27.0 290.5 70.7 96.7 318.5 26.8 291.8 70.9 96.5 319.2 27.0 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 75.4 16.2 150.5 509.3 56.0 76.3 16.0 153.0 531.2 57.5 77.2 15.9 152.4 532.4 57.8 77.8 408.5 431.0 433.2 436.4 16.1 87.7 87.5 87.3 87.6 153.4 609.7 619.5 620.1 624.4 537.3 2,032.4 2,086.0 2,091.1 2,093.5 58.3 236.9 243.9 245.0 244.2 74.5 20.7 119.5 460.1 52.4 76.6 21.6 123.5 475.6 53.8 76.9 21.6 123.2 477.4 53.7 77.5 21.6 122.7 478.5 53.9 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 12.2 166.6 133.6 38.9 124.3 13.9 12.5 171.6 136.3 38.7 124.4 13.8 12.5 172.0 136.7 38.5 123.8 13.9 12.6 173.0 137.2 38.6 123.9 13.9 12.2 167.3 127.4 28.2 139.7 8.1 12.1 170.7 132.0 28.3 142.2 8.3 12.1 170.7 132.5 28.4 142.3 8.3 12.1 170.6 133.7 28.3 142.5 8.3 Services 622.0 98.2 208.6 177.1 146.6 65.1 721.1 603.9 161.2 601.8 52.7 626.5 99.4 214.2 184.3 149.3 65.0 735.3 618.1 163.6 611.7 51.9 628.4 99.4 213.2 185.9 148.8 65.4 737.5 621.3 164.7 613.4 52.3 Government 65.2 736.9 621.7 162.8 612.4 52.4 April 1997 Feb. 1998 March 1998 April 1998p April 1997 Feb. 1998 March 1998 April 1998p Alabama............ 424.9 435.6 438.0 437.6 345.5 346.2 346.3 345.2 Alaska............. 64.7 67.0 67.1 67.5 73.3 73.3 73.2 73.6 Arizona............ 590.6 619.9 621.1 624.4 325.1 329.5 332.6 331.8 Arkansas........... 252.0 259.6 260.9 262.9 183.1 184.0 184.7 185.3 California......... 4,020.3 4,168.6 4,180.9 4,200.7 2,139.9 2,161.0 2,170.2 2,174.3 Colorado........... 589.4 607.4 609.8 610.9 Connecticut........ 493.6 506.9 505.4 509.4 Delaware........... 105.8 110.7 111.0 111.0 District of Columbia........ 265.7 266.0 267.5 265.3 Florida............ 2,234.7 2,347.9 2,363.5 2,379.5 313.0 224.8 52.9 317.8 227.0 53.8 318.0 226.8 53.7 317.9 226.4 54.1 234.1 939.2 227.9 953.2 227.2 951.3 229.1 949.2 Georgia............ 928.3 981.5 982.8 985.3 Hawaii(2).......... 169.0 169.1 169.7 170.4 Idaho.............. 120.2 121.4 121.5 120.5 Illinois........... 1,674.2 1,716.7 1,717.1 1,722.5 Indiana............ 678.9 692.1 693.1 700.0 574.7 110.3 98.7 800.5 391.5 586.2 110.8 101.4 801.2 391.0 587.1 111.3 102.1 803.4 389.9 588.6 111.5 102.0 804.0 391.1 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 376.5 329.8 436.7 511.3 162.5 233.9 236.0 291.3 362.1 93.1 237.8 239.0 292.5 367.7 93.0 237.5 239.7 294.3 367.0 92.5 238.4 237.2 292.9 367.5 92.2 Maryland........... 748.4 764.5 763.7 761.8 Massachusetts...... 1,099.1 1,126.2 1,133.6 1,140.4 Michigan........... 1,213.3 1,243.7 1,246.3 1,249.3 Minnesota.......... 693.9 714.6 716.3 718.7 Mississippi........ 255.8 263.7 263.7 264.3 416.8 403.3 650.6 377.7 218.0 420.4 409.3 655.1 381.1 221.7 419.8 407.7 652.3 382.6 220.7 421.1 408.7 655.4 380.1 222.0 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 411.7 76.9 151.8 105.3 78.9 418.3 77.0 153.6 109.5 78.4 415.3 77.6 152.7 109.3 77.9 417.8 77.3 153.5 110.6 79.2 363.9 312.6 421.0 494.8 155.3 731.2 104.2 226.7 377.8 164.3 373.0 325.8 432.3 507.7 161.6 747.0 107.1 236.8 389.6 165.3 373.9 326.9 434.5 511.0 162.0 740.7 107.0 235.6 390.0 164.0 740.5 107.3 236.0 391.1 165.3 New Jersey......... 1,160.3 1,198.2 1,203.7 1,206.0 568.8 569.6 568.4 566.8 New Mexico......... 193.1 197.7 197.7 197.4 176.4 178.3 179.1 178.1 New York........... 2,679.7 2,750.1 2,759.4 2,768.6 1,373.7 1,370.6 1,371.4 1,367.3 North Carolina..... 855.5 904.2 905.4 909.1 573.9 593.0 592.3 594.4 North Dakota....... 86.6 89.1 89.0 89.0 70.8 71.1 70.9 70.9 Ohio............... 1,461.6 1,494.3 1,500.5 1,501.6 Oklahoma........... 375.3 385.2 386.2 389.7 Oregon............. 398.8 412.9 412.7 414.4 Pennsylvania....... 1,695.7 1,733.9 1,732.6 1,733.7 Rhode Island....... 150.8 151.7 151.6 152.3 756.6 274.4 250.1 715.6 63.4 760.6 278.7 255.6 712.2 65.3 761.7 280.4 256.3 711.2 64.7 762.2 279.8 255.9 712.3 65.4 South Carolina..... 390.0 410.9 413.0 415.4 298.8 303.7 304.2 304.0 South Dakota....... 91.6 94.4 94.5 95.2 70.0 69.8 70.7 70.6 Tennessee.......... 679.3 698.7 700.4 696.1 379.7 385.6 385.4 385.1 Texas.............. 2,361.2 2,473.4 2,479.6 2,494.5 1,477.8 1,495.1 1,502.0 1,508.3 Utah............... 266.1 277.1 279.1 278.7 170.8 175.7 177.5 178.2 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 83.1 84.2 84.4 84.8 961.6 1,007.8 1,014.7 1,018.6 671.5 695.6 698.8 704.6 197.0 203.4 203.7 202.0 670.7 691.0 693.6 695.9 48.8 48.5 48.8 48.8 45.6 596.7 456.5 139.1 384.5 57.4 45.6 596.7 457.5 140.2 391.3 57.0 45.4 597.2 457.0 139.9 390.0 57.3 45.4 598.3 460.1 140.4 392.5 57.6 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED ESTABLISHMENT DATA NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table 6. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) State March 1997 Construction April 1998 1997 1998p Alabama............ 1,853.8 1,877.7 1,862.1 1,881.6 Alaska............. 256.0 263.0 261.5 266.8 March 1997 95.3 9.4 Manufacturing April 1998 96.0 9.7 1997 97.1 10.7 March 1998p 98.8 10.8 April 1997 1998 1997 381.9 16.0 377.3 16.2 380.1 15.6 1998p 376.3 15.4 Arizona............ 1,972.1 2,063.2 1,971.7 2,062.9 Arkansas........... 1,090.4 1,115.2 1,101.5 1,123.3 California......... 12989.5 13454.6 13056.1 13492.1 127.0 44.7 524.4 132.2 46.1 574.0 127.9 46.9 531.2 132.6 203.2 214.5 202.9 214.5 48.2 251.1 254.6 252.4 254.8 579.8 1,885.1 1,938.3 1,890.1 1,937.0 Colorado........... 1,947.3 2,021.2 1,956.7 2,022.3 Connecticut........ 1,591.2 1,624.1 1,603.7 1,636.6 Delaware........... 378.8 392.8 382.8 396.7 District of Columbia........ 616.5 608.6 613.7 609.0 Florida............ 6,405.8 6,667.1 6,407.0 6,672.5 110.4 50.0 20.6 121.9 53.6 20.9 113.7 54.4 21.0 123.7 56.9 21.7 199.9 274.5 56.7 207.2 276.6 58.6 200.3 275.6 57.1 207.4 276.6 58.8 9.1 327.3 8.8 341.6 8.9 326.9 8.6 342.1 12.8 490.8 12.7 492.3 12.5 490.5 12.7 491.0 Georgia............ 3,573.1 3,697.4 3,578.1 3,712.0 Hawaii(2).......... 536.4 532.4 532.0 530.3 Idaho.............. 496.1 509.0 501.8 511.9 Illinois........... 5,684.0 5,786.2 5,723.4 5,833.6 Indiana............ 2,828.0 2,862.3 2,857.7 2,887.2 162.9 22.3 28.4 205.4 129.9 175.6 21.6 29.9 211.0 129.2 166.3 21.9 30.3 226.4 138.3 177.2 21.5 31.1 231.5 139.7 587.3 16.7 72.7 968.9 673.3 589.6 16.4 74.8 979.1 680.1 587.3 16.6 72.7 968.9 675.5 589.8 16.2 74.9 981.1 679.1 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 1,379.6 1,250.1 1,688.3 1,827.0 532.1 1,417.2 1,293.0 1,724.9 1,878.1 544.0 1,400.9 1,266.0 1,708.3 1,839.2 537.3 1,437.1 1,306.3 1,742.9 1,880.2 549.6 50.3 55.0 76.8 114.3 19.8 52.6 55.6 80.0 118.6 20.2 56.9 57.4 80.0 114.3 20.9 59.5 58.8 84.3 117.2 21.4 248.9 202.8 314.3 186.7 86.5 256.7 210.4 314.4 188.5 86.4 251.0 204.5 314.5 188.4 85.8 257.4 211.4 314.0 189.5 85.9 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,231.2 3,059.1 4,393.6 2,431.5 1,095.3 2,257.0 3,154.4 4,469.0 2,497.1 1,113.8 2,248.9 3,085.1 4,416.9 2,451.6 1,103.0 2,271.1 3,185.7 4,502.3 2,518.6 1,122.4 132.1 88.3 156.3 75.6 47.9 130.9 95.7 164.3 82.0 50.4 136.6 93.8 169.5 82.8 49.5 135.5 103.1 178.3 89.5 51.8 175.9 443.9 969.4 426.9 240.8 175.9 454.5 973.8 437.6 240.6 175.8 444.8 963.3 427.5 241.3 175.6 454.2 977.0 438.2 241.4 Missouri........... 2,610.4 2,641.2 2,637.3 2,676.8 Montana............ 354.5 362.6 359.2 365.8 Nebraska........... 843.1 868.0 847.5 874.9 Nevada............. 876.4 913.2 878.2 917.7 New Hampshire...... 554.1 563.3 559.2 568.6 115.3 13.7 34.3 78.6 18.2 113.6 15.2 37.1 84.6 19.9 118.9 15.7 36.6 79.4 19.7 121.5 16.5 40.4 86.0 21.4 418.4 23.3 115.2 39.8 106.1 421.4 23.8 118.1 42.2 108.5 417.6 23.2 115.0 40.0 106.3 421.0 24.0 117.9 42.3 108.5 New Jersey......... 3,659.0 3,742.9 3,686.5 3,764.6 New Mexico......... 698.8 711.2 702.6 714.1 New York........... 7,937.1 8,048.5 7,973.4 8,096.2 North Carolina..... 3,615.4 3,725.5 3,639.2 3,737.8 North Dakota....... 306.8 314.4 310.3 316.6 119.8 41.5 236.5 198.5 11.0 125.4 41.0 242.4 205.5 12.3 127.8 41.9 250.3 201.8 12.6 132.9 42.3 259.3 208.6 13.8 478.8 45.0 915.2 833.7 22.6 481.8 44.9 915.7 829.8 23.6 479.9 45.0 915.2 829.4 22.8 480.1 44.9 915.4 827.2 23.8 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 199.8 50.1 75.1 193.7 12.4 206.1 51.2 79.2 200.9 14.3 216.0 49.4 77.9 207.6 13.7 224.1 1,086.5 1,093.0 1,087.2 1,093.3 51.7 178.7 184.1 176.0 184.5 80.7 236.8 242.4 237.7 242.9 214.4 928.7 934.4 930.1 934.8 16.1 79.7 78.9 79.9 78.5 5,306.1 1,376.4 1,495.3 5,331.4 439.5 5,390.5 1,413.1 1,545.9 5,402.4 447.8 5,355.1 1,379.7 1,508.8 5,383.4 446.1 5,432.5 1,418.8 1,553.3 5,454.8 451.5 South Carolina..... 1,705.0 1,768.1 1,715.2 1,786.5 South Dakota....... 345.1 351.5 349.6 355.0 Tennessee.......... 2,554.2 2,611.3 2,577.0 2,623.4 Texas.............. 8,475.5 8,796.1 8,528.2 8,843.4 Utah............... 980.8 1,016.6 985.3 1,021.6 98.9 12.3 112.3 449.0 59.4 106.0 13.4 114.8 473.7 63.7 98.9 13.4 116.5 448.7 61.8 107.6 362.0 362.3 361.9 362.9 15.0 48.6 49.0 49.0 48.7 119.0 516.6 518.8 517.8 518.1 475.1 1,069.8 1,092.2 1,072.1 1,093.6 66.0 131.5 134.6 131.7 134.8 Vermont............ 276.5 280.9 275.0 278.9 Virginia........... 3,192.1 3,283.7 3,204.8 3,308.2 Washington......... 2,459.4 2,541.2 2,486.1 2,567.2 West Virginia...... 695.9 705.4 702.9 711.7 Wisconsin.......... 2,584.4 2,656.0 2,616.3 2,687.3 Wyoming............ 215.0 215.8 217.2 217.9 10.2 180.7 126.1 30.9 92.8 12.4 10.4 186.4 131.3 29.8 95.8 12.7 11.2 181.9 131.3 34.1 101.2 13.5 11.1 191.4 136.3 33.6 105.0 13.8 45.9 401.0 358.6 81.2 596.3 10.3 46.9 405.6 373.0 82.4 613.5 10.6 45.8 402.4 362.4 81.4 599.0 10.3 47.3 405.6 374.7 82.8 615.6 10.7 56.8 55.0 56.0 53.6 153.4 144.3 153.1 143.1 Puerto Rico........ 979.9 959.3 978.9 955.0 Transportation and public utilities March April 1997 1998 1997 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 90.3 22.1 94.5 64.2 650.1 91.3 23.2 97.3 67.0 671.5 91.0 22.9 95.5 64.7 653.7 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 121.3 74.1 15.5 121.8 75.6 15.6 17.6 325.8 17.1 338.4 Trade March 1998p 1997 Finance, insurance, and real estate April 1998 1997 91.2 421.7 428.7 423.4 430.4 24.0 51.2 53.0 53.0 54.1 97.4 481.9 500.7 480.0 500.6 67.2 248.2 251.5 251.1 253.9 673.6 2,991.7 3,080.5 3,011.6 3,085.3 83.2 11.6 124.5 43.7 747.6 85.3 11.9 132.4 44.5 773.0 83.6 11.8 125.3 43.9 749.4 85.6 12.0 132.9 44.6 776.1 122.5 74.8 15.6 122.6 75.9 15.7 486.7 352.9 84.8 125.0 129.6 45.7 131.4 133.8 48.9 125.4 130.4 46.1 130.8 134.2 49.5 17.6 326.2 17.1 48.8 48.0 47.6 48.2 338.0 1,654.4 1,704.9 1,644.3 1,697.3 28.5 404.1 28.5 423.1 28.3 406.7 28.4 424.5 488.7 351.9 84.0 1997 473.8 345.6 83.4 1998p April 1997 472.1 344.9 82.4 1998 March 1998p Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ 226.0 41.7 23.6 335.1 139.6 237.0 40.9 25.4 340.7 140.9 227.4 41.3 23.5 335.4 140.5 238.2 898.9 925.1 899.0 928.3 40.4 134.8 133.0 133.7 131.9 25.6 125.3 126.7 126.9 127.6 341.7 1,299.1 1,317.7 1,303.5 1,321.1 141.5 669.7 671.4 674.8 676.3 183.8 36.4 24.9 393.7 136.3 193.0 35.3 26.0 405.6 139.2 184.3 36.0 25.0 393.4 137.5 193.7 35.2 26.1 406.8 140.3 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 64.1 71.3 95.2 108.7 22.6 66.8 73.1 98.9 112.4 23.3 65.6 72.0 97.0 109.3 22.5 67.5 73.8 101.1 112.6 23.2 346.9 316.3 413.8 434.4 134.3 78.0 60.4 68.0 84.8 27.9 80.7 60.7 70.4 86.7 30.0 78.3 61.1 68.6 85.2 27.8 81.0 61.2 70.8 86.6 30.0 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 106.0 131.3 170.3 121.6 52.3 105.3 136.8 172.2 125.0 53.1 106.9 132.6 171.1 122.7 52.4 105.0 525.7 529.2 527.1 531.7 137.9 688.4 710.8 690.2 715.8 172.8 1,017.4 1,032.7 1,021.3 1,037.2 125.5 583.9 595.1 588.2 599.8 53.1 234.0 236.0 235.5 239.2 130.0 211.3 205.7 144.2 41.2 130.6 215.2 207.6 149.0 41.1 129.7 210.2 205.6 145.3 41.5 131.1 215.0 208.4 150.2 41.4 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 163.6 20.8 52.5 44.1 19.1 165.3 21.1 55.0 46.7 19.2 164.6 20.8 53.1 44.7 19.2 166.6 21.1 55.1 46.8 19.4 627.8 96.9 212.6 184.4 145.4 152.4 16.1 54.3 39.6 29.0 155.6 16.6 56.2 41.7 29.3 153.9 16.2 53.7 39.3 29.0 156.6 16.7 56.7 41.9 29.6 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 255.2 31.8 406.6 168.6 18.0 261.7 32.9 408.0 169.6 18.3 256.8 31.9 406.7 169.9 18.1 261.8 850.2 864.7 852.7 867.7 32.9 164.3 167.1 165.3 168.4 408.8 1,601.5 1,620.2 1,604.5 1,629.7 169.7 823.2 837.1 828.7 839.2 18.3 78.8 80.1 79.9 80.3 235.7 31.4 714.9 162.6 14.5 241.0 31.3 720.7 172.2 15.3 235.6 31.3 714.2 164.6 14.5 241.7 31.4 722.1 172.9 15.4 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 230.5 77.6 73.6 278.2 15.0 232.2 80.9 74.3 280.1 15.8 232.8 78.1 74.4 277.8 15.2 233.8 1,284.0 1,295.2 1,292.2 1,302.7 81.3 320.2 324.1 321.3 325.7 74.7 365.7 378.8 368.7 380.9 280.2 1,191.9 1,201.8 1,199.0 1,214.5 15.7 94.8 95.6 95.9 96.3 283.2 68.5 93.8 309.2 26.3 288.8 70.3 96.0 316.3 26.8 285.3 68.9 94.5 310.3 26.4 290.7 70.8 96.2 317.6 27.0 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 74.2 16.2 148.6 501.3 55.3 76.6 15.9 151.8 530.8 57.6 75.0 16.2 148.6 506.8 55.9 77.1 402.1 426.6 407.5 435.0 16.0 85.4 85.3 86.5 86.5 152.3 598.6 611.5 604.3 617.1 534.1 2,009.1 2,069.1 2,018.7 2,081.1 57.8 233.1 239.7 233.9 240.7 73.4 20.5 118.6 456.0 52.3 76.5 21.6 122.7 474.7 53.5 74.1 20.6 119.2 458.5 52.3 77.4 21.7 122.7 476.8 53.8 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... 12.1 164.6 131.1 38.6 12.4 171.1 134.9 38.2 12.1 165.1 132.5 38.7 12.4 171.4 136.1 38.5 11.9 166.4 125.4 27.7 12.0 169.8 132.0 28.2 12.1 166.1 126.8 28.1 12.0 169.8 133.3 28.3 336.2 302.0 400.8 425.4 127.9 611.6 95.1 205.3 175.2 141.3 63.6 711.0 588.3 158.3 341.4 313.3 408.9 434.2 130.8 618.5 96.2 210.8 184.1 144.0 64.2 723.9 606.2 160.6 340.9 304.6 405.2 426.4 131.7 617.8 96.0 206.4 175.5 142.2 63.4 711.4 593.8 159.4 64.0 729.5 612.5 161.5 Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 121.5 13.7 123.0 13.6 123.8 13.7 123.8 13.7 585.2 50.1 596.7 49.8 590.0 50.7 603.2 50.2 138.5 8.0 141.3 8.2 139.3 8.0 142.3 8.2 Puerto Rico........ 26.0 26.5 27.6 25.6 195.6 193.9 195.0 193.6 46.0 45.7 46.3 46.0 Services March 1997 Government April 1998 1997 March 1998p 1997 April 1998 1997 1998p Alabama............ 421.0 438.0 426.2 438.9 350.1 351.3 350.3 350.5 Alaska............. 62.1 64.4 63.1 65.3 74.4 74.3 74.9 75.0 Arizona............ 594.4 627.3 592.2 628.8 332.7 345.4 334.6 342.6 Arkansas........... 249.2 259.3 252.4 261.8 185.9 188.7 186.6 189.2 California......... 3,991.2 4,185.1 4,018.2 4,204.9 2,170.2 2,203.4 2,172.7 2,206.9 Colorado........... 586.3 612.2 588.8 613.3 Connecticut........ 486.1 500.3 492.3 508.4 Delaware........... 103.7 110.0 105.5 110.9 District of Columbia........ 267.0 268.0 265.1 266.9 Florida............ 2,240.4 2,387.1 2,248.8 2,400.9 318.7 231.4 54.1 324.0 231.6 54.7 318.7 229.9 54.0 323.9 230.9 55.2 232.6 956.4 225.4 973.0 233.6 957.1 227.0 971.6 Georgia............ 927.7 975.9 926.1 983.3 Hawaii(2).......... 170.3 170.1 168.5 170.2 Idaho.............. 118.1 120.0 119.8 120.3 Illinois........... 1,649.9 1,699.9 1,667.8 1,719.1 Indiana............ 671.0 693.8 681.7 702.1 578.7 114.2 100.1 820.3 401.9 593.0 115.1 103.3 821.1 401.2 579.6 114.0 100.5 816.1 402.6 593.3 114.9 103.3 820.9 401.3 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 238.1 242.9 295.7 365.2 96.4 242.7 246.4 298.4 370.4 96.0 239.4 243.3 298.9 367.8 96.4 243.4 246.2 298.9 372.6 95.5 362.1 307.5 414.6 490.7 150.9 374.4 325.4 431.5 511.5 157.2 366.7 314.8 421.1 495.7 152.1 379.3 330.4 437.6 511.8 159.2 Maryland........... 736.5 756.8 748.4 763.3 Massachusetts...... 1,087.5 1,126.0 1,102.2 1,142.5 Michigan........... 1,194.2 1,235.1 1,209.0 1,249.3 Minnesota.......... 684.7 710.8 690.3 717.4 Mississippi........ 253.5 262.9 256.2 265.3 423.8 407.3 673.2 387.2 220.0 427.1 414.1 676.4 390.3 223.5 423.1 410.0 669.5 387.1 220.9 427.6 415.8 671.8 390.4 224.2 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 419.9 79.3 153.5 107.3 81.2 427.3 79.7 154.7 112.2 80.5 424.5 79.1 154.1 107.3 81.6 432.0 79.6 154.0 112.6 81.4 724.5 101.2 226.9 377.1 158.8 734.8 105.0 234.9 388.2 161.5 735.2 103.0 227.4 377.4 160.8 746.4 105.9 236.9 390.1 162.5 New Jersey......... 1,142.3 1,190.2 1,156.0 1,202.7 575.2 576.4 575.8 575.9 New Mexico......... 192.3 197.3 192.7 197.2 177.0 181.4 178.9 181.5 New York........... 2,663.9 2,748.4 2,685.0 2,768.6 1,394.7 1,389.2 1,393.2 1,387.8 North Carolina..... 840.6 899.1 853.7 906.4 584.3 608.3 587.1 609.9 North Dakota....... 85.7 88.6 86.4 88.9 72.4 72.3 72.1 72.2 Ohio............... 1,433.9 1,482.0 1,460.0 1,500.3 Oklahoma........... 370.2 385.1 375.6 389.5 Oregon............. 393.0 411.5 397.9 414.8 Pennsylvania....... 1,679.3 1,723.9 1,705.2 1,745.8 Rhode Island....... 147.4 150.1 150.4 151.7 775.0 279.3 255.6 730.8 63.7 780.0 285.2 261.9 725.4 66.1 768.5 279.0 255.9 733.3 64.4 774.4 283.8 261.3 727.3 66.0 South Carolina..... 387.9 409.3 392.6 416.2 304.6 308.9 303.3 308.4 South Dakota....... 88.9 92.7 90.2 93.7 71.1 71.6 71.6 71.7 Tennessee.......... 667.5 694.3 678.8 696.0 387.5 393.0 387.3 393.7 Texas.............. 2,332.7 2,467.5 2,361.0 2,489.0 1,495.8 1,520.6 1,499.8 1,526.1 Utah............... 265.9 278.0 265.6 278.1 175.2 181.2 175.9 182.1 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 85.0 87.0 952.1 1,007.9 664.5 695.3 194.1 201.7 654.4 685.3 45.5 45.6 81.9 83.9 959.5 1,019.8 672.1 703.9 196.5 202.8 664.9 691.7 45.8 45.8 47.3 605.0 462.2 140.4 393.6 59.1 47.5 608.0 465.2 141.7 398.2 58.8 47.9 607.2 463.8 140.0 395.7 59.2 47.7 609.7 467.0 141.1 403.5 58.9 Puerto Rico........ 194.5 195.2 306.5 300.7 304.5 299.8 192.1 192.2 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1997 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available.