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Internet address: http://stat.bls.gov:80/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 97-176 Employment (202) 606-6559 Unemployment 606-6392 For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT Media contact: 606-5902 Wednesday, May 28, 1997 STATE AND METROPOLITAN AREA EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: APRIL 1997 State unemployment rates were generally unchanged in April, as 40 states reported changes of 0.3 percentage point or less in either direction from March, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The national jobless rate declined to 4.9 percent from 5.2 percent in March. Nonfarm payroll employment increased in 31 states over the month. State Unemployment (Seasonally Adjusted) In April, 21 states and the District of Columbia had unemployment rate decreases from March, 22 states recorded increases, and 7 states reported no change. Arkansas and Mississippi had the largest over-the-month declines, both -0.8 percentage point, followed by South Carolina (-0.7 point), the District of Columbia, (-0.6 point), and Delaware (-0.5 point). New Hampshire recorded the largest rate increase over the month, 0.6 percentage point. No other state had an increase of more than 0.4 percentage point. (See table 1.) Nebraska had the lowest unemployment rate in the nation, 2.1 percent. New Hampshire and South Dakota registered the next lowest rates, both 2.7 percent, with North Dakota close behind at 2.8 percent. Nine other states had jobless rates below 4.0 percent. Alaska, at 7.9 percent, reported the highest rate, followed by West Virginia (7.4 percent) and the District of Columbia (7.2 percent). Twenty-nine states registered unemployment rates below the U.S. average, while 20 states and the District of Columbia had higher rates. In April, four states recorded their lowest rates since the series began in 1978--North Carolina (3.2 percent), Georgia (4.3 percent), Illinois (4.8 percent), and Mississippi (5.0 percent). (See chart 1.) Over the year, no state had an increase in its unemployment rate, as rates were lower in 48 states and the District of Columbia and were unchanged in 2 states. The District of Columbia, New Hampshire, and Washington had the largest over-the-year decreases, -1.5 percentage points each, followed by Mississippi, New Mexico, and South Carolina, -1.3 points each. Five other states recorded rate declines of over 1.0 percentage point, and 20 additional states registered decreases of 0.5 percentage point or more. - 2 Nonfarm Payroll Employment (Seasonally Adjusted) Nonfarm payroll employment rose in 31 states in April, following increases in over 40 states in March and February. Alaska, Florida, Nevada, and Oregon all reported April increases of 0.4 percent. Florida (28,300) and Texas (28,000) added the most jobs in the nation. The District of Columbia reported the largest percentage decline in employment (-0.6 percent) followed by Nebraska, North Dakota, and Wyoming (each -0.4 percent). (See table 3.) The largest over-the-year percentage increases in employment were in Nevada (6.6 percent), Arizona (5.1 percent), and Utah (4.1 percent). Utah has exhibited the longest sustained growth by posting increases in 63 consecutive months. California, Florida, Nevada, and Virginia also have had consecutive increases for a year or longer. Only the District of Columbia (-1.0 percent) experienced an over-theyear decline. (See chart 2.) NOTE: Monthly payroll employment data are provided on a seasonally adjusted basis for all states and the District of Columbia, permitting both current and over-the-year comparison of the data. The state data are intended for individual state analyses only. Because the state data are not designed for national aggregation, a summation could present a misleading picture of national trends. (See Technical Note.) Metropolitan Area Unemployment (Not Seasonally Adjusted) Of the 272 areas for which April data were available, 123 had unemployment rates below 4.0 percent, while 29 had rates of 7.0 percent or higher. The lowest rates were in Lincoln, Neb. (1.4 percent), RaleighDurham-Chapel Hill, N.C. (1.6 percent), and Madison, Wis., and Sioux Falls, S.D. (both 1.7 percent). Fifty-three other areas had rates below 3.0 percent. McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Tex., had the highest unemployment rate in April at 16.3 percent, followed by two areas in California--Modesto, 14.6 percent, and Fresno, 14.2 percent. Twenty-six other areas had rates of 7 percent or more. Over the year, the largest rate declines occurred in Dubuque, Iowa, Laredo, Tex., and Nashua, N.H. (each -2.1 percent). Fifty other areas posted rate decreases of 1.0 percentage point or more. Steubenville-Weirton, Ohio-W.Va., had the largest April-to-April rate increase, 7.2 percentage points. Sharon, Pa. (up 1.9 percentage points), and Wheeling, W.Va.-Ohio (up 1.7 points), were the only other areas with rate increases of 1 percentage point or more over the year. (See table 5.) _________________________ The State and Metropolitan Area Employment and Unemployment release for May 1997 is scheduled to be issued on Tuesday, July 1, 1997. Technical Note This release presents labor force and unemployment data for states and selected metropolitan areas from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program (tables 1, 2, and 5). Also presented are nonfarm payroll employment estimates by state and major industry from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program (tables 3 and 4). The LAUS and CES are both Federal-State cooperative programs. Labor force and unemployment--from the LAUS program Definitions. The labor force and unemployment data are based on the same concepts and definitions as those used for the official national estimates obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a sample survey of households that is conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the Bureau of the Census. The labor force includes both the employed and the unemployed. Employed persons are those who did any work at all for pay or profit in the survey reference week (the week including the 12th of the month) or worked 15 hours or more without pay in a family business or farm, plus those not working who have a job from which they were temporarily absent, whether or not paid, for such reasons as labor-management dispute, illness, or vacation. Unemployed persons are those who did not work at all (in the reference week), have actively looked for a job (sometime in the 4-week period ending with the survey reference week), and are currently available for work; persons on layoff expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. Method of estimation. Effective January 1996, estimates for all states, the District of Columbia, the Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area, and New York City are produced using estimating equations based on regression techniques. For all other sub-state areas, estimates are prepared through indirect estimation procedures. Both methods utilize data from several sources, including the CPS, the CES, and state unemployment insurance (UI) data. A detailed description of the estimation procedures is available from BLS upon request. Annual revisions. Labor force and unemployment data shown for the prior year reflect adjustments made at the end of each year, usually with January estimates. The adjusted estimates reflect updated population data from the Bureau of the Census and any revisions in the other data sources. In addition, data for all states, the District of Columbia, and the 2 large sub-state areas noted are adjusted annually to equal the CPS annual averages, usually effective with January estimates. The state data will not necessarily sum to national totals obtained from the CPS, since the monthly state estimates are not based directly on the CPS. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonal adjustment of state (and Los Angeles-Long Beach and New York City) labor force levels are computed by aggregating independently seasonally adjusted employment and unemployment levels. Unemployment rates are then computed from these independently adjusted levels. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 years are usually made at the beginning of each calendar year, usually coincident with January estimates. - 2 Employment--from the CES program Definitions. Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who receive pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, except for Federal Government employment, which represents the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the month. Persons are counted at their place of work rather than at their place of residence; those appearing on more than one payroll are counted on each payroll. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal product or activity in accordance with the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification Manual. Method of estimation. The employment data are estimated using a "link relative" technique in which a ratio (link relative) of current-month employment to that of the previous month is computed from a sample of establishments reporting for both months. The estimates of employment for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these ratios. Annual revisions. Employment estimates are adjusted annually to a complete count of jobs, called benchmarks, derived principally from tax reports which are submitted by employers who are covered under state unemployment insurance (UI) laws. The benchmark information is used to adjust the monthly estimates between the new benchmark and the preceding one and also to establish the level of employment for the new benchmark month. Thus, the benchmarking process establishes the level of employment, and the sample is used to measure the monthto-month changes in the level for the subsequent months. Seasonal adjustment. Seasonally adjusted payroll employment totals states are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series for industry divisions. Revisions of historical data for the most recent 5 for major years are made once a year, coincident with annual benchmark adjustments. Caution on aggregating state data. State estimation procedures are designed to produce accurate data for each individual state. BLS independently develops a national employment series; state estimates are not forced to sum to national totals nor vice versa. Because each state series is subject to larger sampling and nonsampling errors than the national series, summing them cumulates individual state level errors and can cause significant distortions at an aggregate level. Due to these statistical limitations, BLS does not compile a "sum-of-states" employment series, and cautions users that such a series is subject to a relatively large and volatile error structure. Reliability of the estimates The estimates presented in this release are based on sample survey and administrative data and thus are subject to sampling and other types of errors. Sampling error is a measure of sampling variability--that is, variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. Survey data are also subject to nonsampling errors, such as those which can be introduced into the data collection and processing operations. Estimates not directly derived from sample surveys are subject to additional errors resulting from the special estimation processes used. The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of rounding. With respect to the LAUS program, unemployment rates are computed, in most instances, from unrounded data rather than from data that may be displayed in the tables; differences, however, are generally insignificant. Labor force and unemployment estimates. Measures of sampling error, in the form of the standard errors for state annual average estimates derived from the CPS, are available in the annual BLS bulletin, Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment. Error measures cannot be computed for sub-state areas because of the special estimation processes used. Measures of nonsampling error for CPS data are not available, but additional information on the subject is provided in the BLS monthly periodical, Employment and Earnings. - 3 Employment estimates. Measures of sampling error are not available for state CES data, but the relatively large size of the samples maintained by the state agencies and the annual adjustment of employment estimates to more recent benchmark levels assure a high degree of accuracy. Information on recent benchmark revisions for states is available upon request. Additional information More complete information on the technical procedures used to develop these estimates and additional data appear in Employment and Earnings, which available by subscription for $35.00 a year from the Superintendent Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 (telephone 202-512-2168). is of Estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment for all states, metropolitan areas, labor market areas, counties, cities with a population of 25,000 or more, and other areas used in the administration of various Federal economic assistance programs are provided in the report, Unemployment in States and Local Areas, which is available monthly in microfiche form by subscription from the U.S. Government Printing Office for $23.00 a year. The order number for a subscription is 029-001-81003-2. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. Table 1. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state and selected areas, seasonally adjusted Unemployed Civilian labor force State and Area Alabama................ Alaska................. Arizona................ Arkansas............... California............. Los Angeles-Long Beach............. Colorado............... Connecticut............ Delaware............... District of Columbia... Florida................ Number Percent of labor force Apr. 1996 Feb. 1997 Mar. 1997 Apr. 1997p Apr. 1996 Feb. 1997 Mar. 1997 Apr. 1997p Apr. 1996 Feb. 1997 Mar. Apr. 1997 1997p 2,087.0 313.9 2,237.6 1,229.4 15,538.6 2,096.1 322.1 2,278.5 1,245.2 15,785.3 2,105.8 323.4 2,273.8 1,250.2 15,839.2 2,098.7 323.8 2,269.7 1,241.1 15,860.9 116.2 24.7 121.1 64.2 1,154.4 92.7 24.5 116.8 67.5 1,039.4 95.6 25.3 110.3 68.1 1,046.7 92.7 25.7 105.9 57.6 1,025.5 5.6 7.9 5.4 5.2 7.4 4.4 7.6 5.1 5.4 6.6 4.5 7.8 4.8 5.4 6.6 4.4 7.9 4.7 4.6 6.5 4,396.5 2,100.3 1,718.3 381.5 272.2 6,907.2 4,447.3 2,131.8 1,731.4 393.2 266.1 7,094.6 4,469.0 2,144.4 1,732.6 393.6 269.2 7,098.3 4,485.4 2,150.1 1,740.6 390.7 266.7 7,094.2 370.0 88.4 98.5 18.7 23.7 357.4 326.4 67.3 85.4 18.6 19.7 346.5 328.7 69.1 85.7 18.4 21.1 356.5 325.7 71.0 89.8 16.3 19.2 351.5 8.4 4.2 5.7 4.9 8.7 5.2 7.3 3.2 4.9 4.7 7.4 4.9 7.4 3.2 4.9 4.7 7.8 5.0 7.3 3.3 5.2 4.2 7.2 5.0 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,728.5 588.4 614.1 6,084.8 3,082.2 1,598.0 1,337.5 1,861.2 1,985.4 665.5 3,835.0 593.9 631.6 6,131.8 3,062.7 1,615.0 1,383.6 1,911.3 2,012.0 666.8 3,842.1 593.1 632.0 6,149.6 3,083.6 1,627.0 1,382.0 1,916.0 2,030.6 672.6 3,845.3 593.5 634.9 6,137.6 3,096.3 1,618.9 1,383.7 1,922.9 2,021.5 668.7 172.6 37.6 32.1 320.4 132.0 59.2 60.0 104.3 133.4 34.7 179.7 33.0 32.5 304.2 87.4 57.0 54.5 105.5 105.2 29.0 178.9 34.3 33.6 307.7 98.4 52.8 53.2 102.5 118.2 29.3 166.0 35.3 32.3 293.0 98.8 53.5 54.9 98.9 112.2 31.4 4.6 6.4 5.2 5.3 4.3 3.7 4.5 5.6 6.7 5.2 4.7 5.6 5.1 5.0 2.9 3.5 3.9 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.7 5.8 5.3 5.0 3.2 3.2 3.8 5.4 5.8 4.4 4.3 5.9 5.1 4.8 3.2 3.3 4.0 5.1 5.6 4.7 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,771.7 3,184.0 4,785.7 2,602.7 1,263.9 2,888.4 445.8 910.8 834.2 626.2 2,760.2 3,213.8 4,891.4 2,650.3 1,277.8 2,873.8 453.0 918.7 883.9 648.5 2,764.3 3,217.0 4,880.3 2,652.3 1,279.8 2,857.0 456.0 919.8 884.4 640.9 2,771.9 3,233.9 4,872.8 2,655.6 1,272.8 2,863.6 456.6 918.4 887.3 643.8 137.6 146.2 236.7 105.1 80.0 130.5 24.7 26.8 44.5 26.2 125.5 121.2 219.8 79.6 71.9 126.1 20.7 22.3 39.6 21.8 124.7 127.3 208.4 80.9 74.6 119.2 22.5 21.7 39.5 13.4 131.0 132.0 212.6 89.4 63.9 126.9 24.3 19.0 39.8 17.1 5.0 4.6 4.9 4.0 6.3 4.5 5.5 2.9 5.3 4.2 4.5 3.8 4.5 3.0 5.6 4.4 4.6 2.4 4.5 3.4 4.5 4.0 4.3 3.1 5.8 4.2 4.9 2.4 4.5 2.1 4.7 4.1 4.4 3.4 5.0 4.4 5.3 2.1 4.5 2.7 New Jersey............. New Mexico............. New York............... New York City........ North Carolina......... North Dakota........... Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... 4,108.0 797.5 8,616.2 3,274.3 3,768.0 341.7 5,620.1 1,568.8 1,719.9 5,893.2 492.8 4,142.7 816.3 8,691.9 3,328.1 3,794.0 347.2 5,792.0 1,606.0 1,704.1 5,980.9 495.3 4,132.6 814.2 8,705.9 3,331.2 3,818.0 347.1 5,753.7 1,601.1 1,713.6 5,980.6 498.2 4,138.7 817.7 8,714.5 3,325.8 3,816.3 347.4 5,755.5 1,596.9 1,730.2 5,979.9 500.8 259.2 62.6 547.2 285.3 167.3 10.6 268.9 64.8 99.9 324.7 25.8 230.0 53.2 547.2 314.6 139.1 9.0 317.5 54.2 95.4 294.2 23.1 227.0 53.3 548.8 323.3 133.5 9.6 271.5 56.8 99.5 302.2 24.3 214.8 52.8 550.8 322.5 121.4 9.8 274.3 54.5 97.6 314.3 25.7 6.3 7.8 6.4 8.7 4.4 3.1 4.8 4.1 5.8 5.5 5.2 5.6 6.5 6.3 9.5 3.7 2.6 5.5 3.4 5.6 4.9 4.7 5.5 6.5 6.3 9.7 3.5 2.8 4.7 3.5 5.8 5.1 4.9 5.2 6.5 6.3 9.7 3.2 2.8 4.8 3.4 5.6 5.3 5.1 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,849.4 388.8 2,735.6 9,722.5 991.1 324.2 3,402.6 2,871.2 801.6 2,901.8 258.2 1,885.8 390.1 2,758.7 9,918.4 1,037.2 329.0 3,514.8 2,917.7 807.8 2,926.7 256.1 1,893.7 390.7 2,755.8 9,935.6 1,041.1 328.5 3,521.0 2,931.2 804.8 2,918.2 256.2 1,885.9 388.7 2,761.8 9,907.8 1,046.6 327.8 3,526.0 2,944.3 808.4 2,918.6 257.7 110.0 12.7 140.0 562.1 34.7 14.6 152.2 188.6 61.1 105.1 13.8 103.7 10.7 137.0 560.6 33.1 12.9 148.6 146.2 60.8 102.1 11.3 99.6 11.2 142.2 581.6 29.6 12.9 147.6 142.8 56.3 101.4 11.5 87.5 10.5 139.4 544.6 31.7 12.7 153.1 150.6 60.1 100.1 12.7 5.9 3.3 5.1 5.8 3.5 4.5 4.5 6.6 7.6 3.6 5.3 5.5 2.7 5.0 5.7 3.2 3.9 4.2 5.0 7.5 3.5 4.4 5.3 2.9 5.2 5.9 2.8 3.9 4.2 4.9 7.0 3.5 4.5 4.6 2.7 5.0 5.5 3.0 3.9 4.3 5.1 7.4 3.4 4.9 Puerto Rico............ 1,270.8 1,292.6 1,293.7 1,304.4 175.4 168.9 169.9 179.6 13.8 13.1 13.1 13.8 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. Table 2. Civilian labor force and unemployment by state, not seasonally adjusted Unemployed Civilian labor force State Number March April Percent of labor force March April 1996 1997 1996 1997p 1996 1997 1996 Alabama................ Alaska................. Arizona................ Arkansas............... California............. Colorado............... Connecticut............ Delaware............... District of Columbia... Florida................ 2,066.0 307.4 2,220.5 1,223.2 15,451.2 2,073.5 1,707.4 380.5 274.1 6,870.0 2,088.6 317.7 2,252.4 1,243.4 15,748.1 2,115.2 1,723.0 391.9 267.7 7,051.3 2,083.9 308.3 2,219.1 1,226.8 15,416.5 2,066.4 1,701.8 378.0 268.9 6,855.4 2,095.4 317.9 2,251.6 1,238.6 15,736.7 2,115.8 1,723.1 387.0 263.4 7,044.5 105.4 27.3 105.0 66.9 1,182.3 94.2 100.8 20.8 23.4 324.7 84.6 28.0 95.3 70.6 1,057.0 73.6 87.6 19.7 20.5 323.0 111.2 25.3 107.4 62.7 1,128.1 81.1 92.8 17.7 22.4 328.0 Georgia................ Hawaii................. Idaho.................. Illinois............... Indiana................ Iowa................... Kansas................. Kentucky............... Louisiana.............. Maine.................. 3,715.0 585.6 608.0 6,044.8 3,057.7 1,580.0 1,329.8 1,833.8 1,967.8 658.6 3,841.0 591.5 626.8 6,102.3 3,056.1 1,613.9 1,376.1 1,888.2 2,018.2 667.3 3,711.2 589.4 608.0 6,058.3 3,076.2 1,589.9 1,330.5 1,844.1 1,972.7 658.1 3,827.5 594.4 628.8 6,109.0 3,089.9 1,611.0 1,375.8 1,905.7 2,008.9 661.4 169.1 35.3 38.8 339.4 146.3 69.4 60.7 104.6 127.3 43.0 177.7 32.7 39.6 324.7 109.2 62.5 55.3 103.3 113.1 37.5 158.5 38.0 34.0 321.3 136.2 59.6 58.7 101.2 123.0 38.4 March 1997p April 1996 1997 1996 1997p 87.7 26.4 92.1 56.2 999.4 63.8 83.9 15.3 18.0 322.0 5.1 8.9 4.7 5.5 7.7 4.5 5.9 5.5 8.5 4.7 4.0 8.8 4.2 5.7 6.7 3.5 5.1 5.0 7.7 4.6 5.3 8.2 4.8 5.1 7.3 3.9 5.5 4.7 8.3 4.8 4.2 8.3 4.1 4.5 6.4 3.0 4.9 3.9 6.8 4.6 151.9 35.7 34.2 293.6 102.8 53.8 53.7 95.8 101.7 34.9 4.6 6.0 6.4 5.6 4.8 4.4 4.6 5.7 6.5 6.5 4.6 5.5 6.3 5.3 3.6 3.9 4.0 5.5 5.6 5.6 4.3 6.4 5.6 5.3 4.4 3.8 4.4 5.5 6.2 5.8 4.0 6.0 5.4 4.8 3.3 3.3 3.9 5.0 5.1 5.3 Maryland............... Massachusetts.......... Michigan............... Minnesota.............. Mississippi............ Missouri............... Montana................ Nebraska............... Nevada................. New Hampshire.......... 2,740.0 3,163.2 4,746.2 2,579.9 1,260.2 2,865.5 442.3 903.2 824.0 621.2 2,735.5 3,199.1 4,840.4 2,628.6 1,277.0 2,840.4 454.1 912.6 878.4 637.8 2,738.9 3,149.9 4,723.4 2,593.8 1,255.2 2,891.0 446.3 907.8 827.7 622.2 2,738.9 3,197.9 4,810.0 2,646.4 1,264.1 2,866.5 457.1 915.3 880.7 639.8 141.0 163.1 268.5 112.0 79.4 133.3 28.4 27.4 41.6 29.0 126.4 143.4 233.9 90.5 73.8 124.2 26.1 22.8 37.3 16.7 126.8 141.3 229.5 107.5 75.3 125.0 24.0 25.2 42.6 27.1 119.9 127.0 205.8 91.8 59.3 121.6 23.6 17.4 37.8 17.9 5.1 5.2 5.7 4.3 6.3 4.7 6.4 3.0 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.8 3.4 5.8 4.4 5.8 2.5 4.2 2.6 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.1 6.0 4.3 5.4 2.8 5.1 4.4 4.4 4.0 4.3 3.5 4.7 4.2 5.2 1.9 4.3 2.8 New Jersey............. New Mexico............. New York............... North Carolina......... North Dakota........... Ohio................... Oklahoma............... Oregon................. Pennsylvania........... Rhode Island........... 4,087.4 796.3 8,585.2 3,709.5 333.2 5,571.8 1,562.2 1,707.9 5,825.0 485.4 4,115.0 813.7 8,678.3 3,776.4 339.5 5,696.2 1,597.5 1,702.9 5,916.3 491.6 4,073.8 796.4 8,545.4 3,732.0 339.8 5,561.6 1,569.3 1,711.7 5,838.7 482.7 4,104.3 816.5 8,644.9 3,781.3 345.5 5,693.8 1,597.8 1,722.8 5,926.0 490.6 267.7 60.9 587.9 164.5 11.6 306.9 65.6 112.0 344.9 29.0 237.2 52.9 585.7 132.4 10.9 296.3 57.8 112.9 316.2 26.7 249.0 61.5 534.9 158.2 10.7 257.2 62.8 101.6 321.7 23.7 204.3 51.8 539.5 112.3 9.9 261.9 52.4 99.3 311.2 23.6 6.5 7.6 6.8 4.4 3.5 5.5 4.2 6.6 5.9 6.0 5.8 6.5 6.7 3.5 3.2 5.2 3.6 6.6 5.3 5.4 6.1 7.7 6.3 4.2 3.1 4.6 4.0 5.9 5.5 4.9 5.0 6.3 6.2 3.0 2.9 4.6 3.3 5.8 5.3 4.8 South Carolina......... South Dakota........... Tennessee.............. Texas.................. Utah................... Vermont................ Virginia............... Washington............. West Virginia.......... Wisconsin.............. Wyoming................ 1,843.0 381.7 2,725.6 9,633.6 969.3 322.1 3,388.9 2,852.4 792.3 2,871.8 255.8 1,888.0 384.7 2,734.6 9,850.9 1,021.3 326.8 3,500.0 2,914.6 795.3 2,893.2 255.2 1,849.4 387.9 2,696.1 9,647.1 976.0 322.3 3,392.7 2,845.5 795.7 2,884.4 256.7 1,885.8 387.8 2,721.3 9,832.8 1,030.4 325.8 3,516.5 2,918.1 802.4 2,901.5 256.3 104.2 14.5 140.8 549.6 34.1 16.1 140.4 209.1 66.4 123.5 15.3 98.6 13.2 142.9 562.4 29.0 14.0 140.1 163.9 61.7 121.4 14.1 105.3 12.3 130.5 523.9 32.5 15.7 136.4 185.1 61.4 113.1 14.3 82.6 10.2 129.7 507.0 29.7 13.6 136.9 147.1 60.3 108.3 13.3 5.7 3.8 5.2 5.7 3.5 5.0 4.1 7.3 8.4 4.3 6.0 5.2 3.4 5.2 5.7 2.8 4.3 4.0 5.6 7.8 4.2 5.5 5.7 3.2 4.8 5.4 3.3 4.9 4.0 6.5 7.7 3.9 5.6 4.4 2.6 4.8 5.2 2.9 4.2 3.9 5.0 7.5 3.7 5.2 Puerto Rico............ 1,269.5 1,296.8 1,261.0 1,294.3 163.0 167.7 171.3 175.9 12.8 12.9 13.6 13.6 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table 3. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) Construction Manufacturing State April 1996 February 1997 March 1997 April 1997p 1,820.4 263.0 1,863.9 1,080.9 12684.8 1,839.6 262.6 1,950.2 1,092.5 13004.1 1,847.3 263.2 1,956.9 1,094.6 13052.6 1,844.1 264.3 1,958.4 1,095.6 13068.1 91.6 12.6 124.1 46.8 496.2 98.2 12.1 127.0 48.1 548.1 99.9 11.8 127.8 49.1 549.5 98.8 383.4 382.1 383.1 380.7 12.1 16.6 15.9 16.6 16.8 128.9 198.6 202.6 203.2 203.1 49.5 254.1 252.9 251.9 252.7 548.1 1,842.1 1,875.5 1,882.7 1,888.1 Colorado........... 1,885.8 1,933.3 1,938.6 1,935.0 Connecticut........ 1,576.9 1,597.4 1,598.6 1,599.9 Delaware........... 377.3 383.9 385.0 386.0 District of Columbia........ 621.7 621.3 619.6 615.6 Florida............ 6,127.7 6,316.7 6,330.6 6,358.9 109.7 51.6 19.9 115.8 52.6 22.1 115.9 53.1 22.1 116.5 53.4 21.7 195.8 275.6 61.6 197.5 274.4 57.9 197.6 273.6 58.1 197.6 274.0 58.3 8.4 323.8 9.1 329.2 9.0 328.9 8.5 330.1 13.0 488.0 13.1 492.4 13.2 492.4 13.2 492.3 Georgia............ 3,501.9 3,558.1 3,567.7 3,571.1 Hawaii(2).......... 528.4 530.9 528.8 528.5 Idaho.............. 489.4 499.0 500.5 501.6 Illinois........... 5,655.5 5,708.8 5,721.7 5,734.8 Indiana............ 2,807.9 2,823.2 2,833.8 2,838.3 166.2 24.0 30.3 222.7 131.9 165.2 22.4 30.7 219.1 132.9 164.0 21.8 31.5 220.0 133.9 164.7 21.4 31.6 225.9 137.6 581.8 16.6 72.9 967.3 675.6 588.6 16.5 73.2 980.8 673.3 588.8 16.4 73.1 979.2 673.6 588.1 16.5 73.6 978.7 672.5 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 1,380.0 1,222.8 1,661.0 1,802.3 539.6 1,393.3 1,250.5 1,691.9 1,831.0 545.7 1,395.5 1,258.8 1,701.6 1,833.1 546.5 1,400.1 1,257.4 1,703.6 1,837.0 546.2 59.5 57.1 75.3 113.2 22.4 60.7 58.1 78.7 114.1 23.5 60.9 60.2 79.0 111.6 23.7 63.1 59.9 78.1 113.5 23.4 248.1 194.9 311.2 188.2 89.0 247.1 199.7 312.5 188.6 87.7 247.0 200.9 315.6 187.6 87.9 248.8 201.6 314.6 189.3 87.6 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,199.7 3,017.2 4,329.7 2,418.6 1,087.5 2,238.1 3,075.7 4,398.1 2,465.5 1,093.8 2,243.5 3,083.3 4,401.4 2,474.1 1,097.2 2,239.6 3,091.8 4,397.0 2,468.3 1,098.6 130.5 93.6 164.7 87.5 48.7 139.2 98.3 179.7 92.3 48.1 140.7 98.2 180.5 92.3 48.0 139.6 98.7 184.1 91.3 48.3 174.5 444.9 968.2 427.8 248.0 174.1 445.1 963.9 433.0 242.0 174.1 445.5 962.8 433.9 243.0 173.3 445.6 956.9 435.7 242.3 Missouri........... 2,562.1 2,599.8 2,599.6 2,599.5 Montana............ 359.0 361.5 362.3 362.9 Nebraska........... 831.1 848.6 852.5 849.2 Nevada............. 831.2 879.4 882.8 886.1 114.2 16.6 36.5 71.5 121.7 17.4 38.6 81.5 118.5 17.3 39.0 81.4 116.8 17.3 38.1 83.3 417.7 23.9 113.3 38.3 412.9 23.9 114.5 39.6 411.8 23.9 114.9 39.7 408.6 24.2 114.8 39.6 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... April 1996 February 1997 March 1997 April 1997p April 1996 February 1997 March 1997 April 1997p New Hampshire...... 559.0 568.0 20.4 21.1 21.2 21.5 104.6 106.1 106.5 106.2 New Jersey......... 3,624.7 3,686.1 3,691.0 3,691.7 New Mexico......... 691.4 700.1 701.1 701.6 New York........... 7,899.4 7,958.0 7,977.3 7,982.6 North Carolina..... 3,530.2 3,617.1 3,628.4 3,628.8 North Dakota....... 307.1 314.3 314.0 312.9 124.0 43.0 251.2 185.3 14.6 125.4 41.9 253.9 200.3 15.9 126.3 42.0 257.9 200.5 15.8 125.7 41.3 259.4 199.5 14.8 487.6 46.0 923.3 848.8 21.5 485.3 46.1 913.7 841.5 22.2 484.4 46.1 915.2 842.6 22.2 485.2 46.2 914.8 840.6 22.4 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 5,335.8 1,379.9 1,517.2 5,409.9 445.4 211.8 49.9 76.5 200.8 13.8 217.7 51.7 81.9 214.2 14.3 217.7 52.2 79.5 213.0 14.8 219.6 1,095.0 1,085.1 1,090.4 1,085.3 51.4 173.2 177.0 177.0 174.3 81.3 234.1 240.8 242.0 243.7 214.2 931.4 932.6 932.8 934.1 15.1 83.2 80.5 80.3 80.9 South Carolina..... 1,668.0 1,685.1 1,691.0 1,695.7 South Dakota....... 347.5 351.8 349.9 349.1 Tennessee.......... 2,523.7 2,558.6 2,554.9 2,552.2 Texas.............. 8,198.9 8,374.7 8,391.5 8,419.5 Utah............... 944.2 979.0 980.3 983.2 92.3 14.6 112.2 431.3 59.3 96.3 14.7 115.8 447.3 62.1 96.6 14.3 114.5 449.2 61.5 96.1 366.3 360.7 361.5 360.2 14.3 47.4 49.0 49.0 49.1 114.3 523.2 520.9 516.9 518.0 451.8 1,050.1 1,061.9 1,063.5 1,067.5 61.4 128.9 130.9 130.4 130.7 Vermont............ 275.0 277.6 277.2 277.5 Virginia........... 3,114.0 3,193.9 3,199.3 3,199.3 Washington......... 2,392.6 2,456.6 2,467.4 2,470.0 West Virginia...... 694.0 703.7 708.2 707.4 Wisconsin.......... 2,584.0 2,627.8 2,635.0 2,636.2 Wyoming............ 220.8 221.4 222.1 221.2 12.4 173.4 125.9 33.4 101.8 13.8 12.6 184.5 130.6 35.7 106.8 14.3 12.2 184.5 131.1 36.8 109.0 14.2 12.3 184.4 132.1 36.3 110.0 13.9 5,278.7 1,345.8 1,460.2 5,296.7 440.7 566.4 5,335.6 1,380.3 1,512.6 5,391.5 442.5 568.0 5,339.0 1,384.2 1,510.8 5,393.0 444.1 Transportation and public utilities April 1996 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ 90.6 22.7 90.2 February 1997 90.0 22.9 95.0 March 1997 90.5 22.9 95.1 April 1997p 90.1 23.3 95.4 Trade April 1996 417.1 54.0 462.1 February 1997 421.7 54.2 481.1 45.9 400.4 338.1 82.1 602.1 10.9 46.3 398.5 359.0 81.1 600.5 10.8 46.2 398.4 360.8 81.7 600.1 10.7 45.8 398.0 361.4 81.8 602.2 10.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate March 1997 424.0 54.2 483.6 April 1997p 422.7 54.3 482.1 April 1996 81.1 11.7 113.3 February 1997 83.1 11.7 120.2 March 1997 83.5 11.7 121.3 April 1997p 83.2 11.6 121.5 Arkansas........... California......... 64.9 639.2 65.3 654.1 65.8 654.4 65.7 245.6 248.0 249.2 249.1 655.0 2,960.7 2,998.2 3,007.9 3,012.1 42.9 731.6 43.6 732.6 43.8 732.2 43.7 735.0 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 120.4 73.4 15.5 117.9 73.7 15.9 117.1 74.0 15.7 117.5 74.5 15.7 471.5 347.1 86.2 117.3 130.7 43.1 120.3 129.3 44.9 120.7 129.0 45.2 120.7 128.9 46.2 19.3 311.7 19.2 322.0 19.0 323.5 18.8 49.0 50.4 50.2 49.6 324.0 1,592.8 1,640.7 1,644.6 1,650.5 28.0 390.3 28.1 401.8 28.2 402.5 27.8 403.5 Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ 221.1 40.6 23.0 329.8 140.1 223.8 41.0 23.1 338.8 139.2 225.2 41.4 23.2 339.1 139.8 225.5 882.1 902.3 905.8 907.6 41.0 135.5 135.9 135.4 135.2 23.3 123.9 127.9 128.7 128.7 340.9 1,296.8 1,299.9 1,304.0 1,301.3 140.6 677.8 679.4 681.3 683.0 179.1 37.0 25.1 385.1 133.9 183.3 36.3 25.5 387.9 137.7 184.1 35.9 25.4 389.2 138.0 185.6 35.9 25.6 389.6 138.4 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 62.6 70.0 93.4 108.1 22.5 64.9 71.5 95.9 108.6 22.7 65.1 71.9 96.0 109.1 22.6 65.1 72.1 96.3 109.6 22.6 340.1 308.3 410.7 432.6 137.7 77.6 58.4 66.9 82.2 26.5 77.9 59.5 68.6 83.6 27.2 78.2 59.8 68.7 83.5 27.2 78.5 59.9 68.7 83.5 27.1 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 106.1 128.3 168.5 118.8 52.7 108.6 131.9 169.8 121.9 52.7 108.6 132.2 169.9 122.3 52.5 108.2 527.1 534.9 535.5 533.9 132.0 691.3 702.5 702.6 701.2 168.5 1,017.6 1,040.2 1,042.4 1,039.3 122.5 590.6 602.1 604.2 599.0 52.0 232.8 232.8 233.7 233.1 128.1 206.3 200.4 142.4 40.7 127.3 213.0 202.7 143.9 41.0 127.7 213.9 202.5 144.7 41.3 127.3 213.8 203.8 144.7 41.4 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 159.2 21.0 50.0 42.1 19.5 162.1 20.5 51.3 43.5 19.6 162.2 20.7 52.1 43.8 19.6 162.4 20.3 52.3 43.9 19.6 615.8 97.8 208.8 179.2 147.4 148.4 15.9 52.5 37.6 28.3 154.6 16.4 54.0 38.6 28.3 155.2 16.5 54.2 38.9 28.5 154.7 16.7 54.4 38.9 28.6 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 252.0 31.4 401.5 167.4 18.5 256.9 30.8 407.2 171.7 18.5 257.5 30.8 407.9 172.8 18.4 257.6 850.5 867.1 868.0 869.6 30.9 163.4 165.7 166.0 166.6 407.7 1,612.9 1,628.2 1,631.3 1,631.6 173.4 806.7 821.1 823.0 823.5 18.6 79.8 80.9 80.8 80.5 230.1 31.5 719.3 151.0 14.2 234.1 32.2 725.8 159.5 14.7 234.4 32.1 726.1 159.9 14.6 234.2 32.2 725.3 159.8 14.9 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 231.6 77.8 72.5 272.4 14.9 235.2 77.5 74.3 271.9 14.8 235.3 77.4 73.8 271.9 15.0 234.6 1,294.2 1,317.5 1,317.8 1,317.3 77.7 315.3 324.9 326.7 324.7 74.1 362.4 372.0 373.5 373.4 273.0 1,198.9 1,225.8 1,227.0 1,232.1 15.1 97.0 99.2 99.6 99.7 275.8 66.7 89.7 307.9 24.8 280.7 68.6 93.8 311.8 25.5 280.0 68.7 93.8 311.5 25.5 280.1 68.8 93.8 312.8 25.8 462.1 344.9 84.0 341.1 301.8 399.0 420.0 136.4 611.7 98.2 205.9 166.2 144.3 470.5 349.0 85.4 339.5 308.4 405.2 427.5 137.3 614.0 97.5 210.5 178.2 147.8 471.6 349.7 86.0 339.9 309.2 408.5 432.4 137.7 615.5 97.5 210.1 178.3 147.8 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 73.5 16.3 143.0 487.2 53.5 73.5 16.4 143.1 492.8 55.4 74.0 16.2 143.1 493.3 55.4 74.7 396.2 401.4 403.6 405.1 16.0 87.3 87.4 87.6 87.0 143.1 592.0 604.7 606.8 605.4 494.3 1,979.4 2,019.1 2,023.8 2,030.3 56.0 227.4 235.7 237.0 237.9 71.8 19.6 116.0 441.8 50.1 73.2 20.2 119.1 448.4 51.4 73.5 20.6 119.8 448.7 51.5 73.6 20.7 119.6 450.5 51.5 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 12.1 160.5 122.0 39.3 120.7 13.9 12.3 165.2 124.7 38.5 120.6 13.5 12.4 165.7 125.7 38.6 121.0 13.8 12.3 166.0 125.5 38.6 121.5 13.7 12.1 161.6 123.1 27.0 138.0 7.9 12.4 164.1 125.7 27.4 140.4 7.8 12.4 164.8 126.0 27.5 140.5 7.9 12.4 164.5 125.7 27.5 140.8 7.9 64.6 707.7 586.8 159.2 592.9 52.2 Services April 1996 February 1997 March 1997 65.3 725.5 596.7 160.7 601.6 52.1 65.6 726.5 598.9 162.5 602.9 52.1 66.1 726.3 599.5 162.5 601.3 52.2 Government April 1997p April 1996 February 1997 March 1997 April 1997p Alabama............ 402.6 411.1 413.0 414.8 343.4 343.3 343.4 343.9 Alaska............. 62.1 63.0 63.6 63.8 73.3 73.5 73.2 73.3 Arizona............ 548.8 583.1 584.3 586.7 312.6 326.5 326.9 326.0 Arkansas........... 244.4 250.8 250.9 250.7 178.7 180.3 180.4 180.7 California......... 3,875.6 4,025.9 4,048.9 4,051.8 2,109.4 2,139.9 2,147.5 2,148.6 Colorado........... 558.7 587.4 592.5 588.0 Connecticut........ 476.9 490.8 493.1 492.7 Delaware........... 100.8 104.6 104.9 104.4 District of Columbia........ 260.8 267.0 267.8 266.1 Florida............ 2,089.6 2,181.5 2,191.3 2,207.0 307.9 223.1 52.3 310.5 226.8 53.0 309.9 225.3 52.9 309.9 228.5 53.4 243.1 924.6 234.3 942.1 232.1 940.4 231.5 944.4 Georgia............ 894.8 920.9 924.6 924.9 Hawaii(2).......... 165.1 168.6 168.6 168.5 Idaho.............. 114.2 116.9 117.4 117.8 Illinois........... 1,632.5 1,664.5 1,669.3 1,675.4 Indiana............ 647.0 664.1 671.4 670.3 569.0 109.6 97.0 808.3 395.4 566.2 110.2 98.4 805.2 390.1 567.4 109.3 98.0 808.6 389.3 566.9 110.0 97.7 810.6 389.4 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 356.6 298.2 403.0 481.1 149.9 372.1 310.9 419.6 493.2 154.6 232.3 234.3 289.0 362.0 92.8 231.6 237.2 292.4 363.1 93.2 230.6 240.1 291.7 364.0 93.4 230.3 236.9 292.9 364.4 93.1 Maryland........... 711.3 730.4 733.5 734.3 Massachusetts...... 1,053.4 1,083.1 1,088.4 1,096.9 Michigan........... 1,159.4 1,189.6 1,194.3 1,196.4 Minnesota.......... 667.7 683.7 687.2 687.6 Mississippi........ 243.4 251.5 252.9 254.3 421.0 398.2 643.5 376.0 216.0 422.4 400.6 644.6 380.6 220.6 422.2 401.2 641.6 381.5 220.9 421.9 402.4 640.9 379.6 222.2 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 398.9 76.5 151.6 98.9 79.3 407.4 77.9 152.2 104.4 79.8 408.4 77.6 152.6 104.8 79.9 409.7 77.8 152.4 105.2 81.4 707.2 101.7 220.1 362.3 162.1 369.6 308.4 415.8 495.2 154.0 722.2 102.5 226.3 378.6 163.3 371.7 308.8 419.6 494.5 153.9 723.2 103.3 228.5 380.8 164.0 726.7 103.6 227.3 380.8 162.8 New Jersey......... 1,111.8 1,147.8 1,151.8 1,150.9 566.8 567.5 566.5 566.4 New Mexico......... 190.8 195.3 196.7 195.8 169.8 172.8 172.2 173.3 New York........... 2,597.6 2,652.5 2,661.2 2,667.7 1,388.9 1,372.3 1,372.8 1,371.2 North Carolina..... 807.8 842.0 848.3 849.6 559.4 577.0 577.4 578.5 North Dakota....... 83.8 86.9 86.8 87.2 70.6 71.1 71.2 70.4 Ohio............... 1,406.5 1,431.8 1,431.0 1,433.5 Oklahoma........... 359.5 377.8 379.4 379.3 Oregon............. 377.8 397.9 397.0 399.8 Pennsylvania....... 1,644.3 1,689.1 1,693.9 1,701.7 Rhode Island....... 145.7 145.8 146.4 146.5 749.9 271.6 245.3 721.6 61.1 753.8 271.4 249.9 726.5 62.3 753.0 271.6 249.3 723.2 62.3 751.7 272.2 249.3 722.0 62.1 South Carolina..... 371.4 377.2 378.5 382.3 294.7 301.0 301.5 301.9 South Dakota....... 89.5 90.9 89.8 89.7 70.5 70.9 70.0 70.0 Tennessee.......... 652.6 666.6 665.8 665.1 380.0 383.8 383.5 382.2 Texas.............. 2,200.0 2,275.2 2,280.7 2,287.8 1,453.3 1,468.9 1,471.4 1,475.7 Utah............... 250.7 266.8 267.7 268.9 166.4 168.9 168.8 168.9 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 81.9 903.6 644.3 189.8 649.6 47.9 82.5 943.4 664.2 195.4 670.2 48.1 82.6 947.2 666.6 195.7 674.1 48.4 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. 82.5 948.2 669.7 195.4 673.0 48.0 45.4 595.9 449.0 137.5 376.6 58.2 45.6 602.0 452.2 140.3 385.2 59.0 45.1 601.4 454.8 140.7 384.9 59.1 45.5 601.0 452.6 140.6 385.1 58.9 p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1996 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table 4. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state and selected industry division, not seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Total(1) State March Construction April March Manufacturing April March 1996 1997 1996 1997p 1996 1997 1996 1,814.2 251.7 1,882.8 1,076.4 12635.6 1,843.1 253.5 1,973.2 1,090.5 13017.7 1,822.7 256.6 1,879.0 1,081.9 12642.8 1,846.7 257.3 1,972.2 1,096.1 13043.6 90.2 9.3 123.7 44.7 477.6 98.1 9.3 126.6 47.2 530.5 91.7 10.6 122.3 46.2 483.2 98.8 383.2 381.6 382.6 380.4 10.2 15.8 16.1 15.8 15.8 127.9 198.4 202.3 197.9 202.4 48.7 254.1 251.1 253.3 252.0 537.1 1,830.2 1,873.9 1,831.5 1,877.0 Colorado........... 1,874.7 1,935.0 1,879.9 1,931.6 Connecticut........ 1,557.8 1,585.1 1,571.8 1,596.4 Delaware........... 366.2 379.9 375.3 384.2 District of Columbia........ 629.4 617.6 620.4 615.0 Florida............ 6,217.6 6,394.8 6,166.0 6,402.6 102.5 44.8 18.6 110.4 47.9 20.7 106.0 49.7 19.7 112.8 51.4 21.6 195.0 274.3 56.4 196.1 273.4 57.9 194.0 274.6 61.2 196.4 273.6 58.0 8.6 322.6 8.8 327.0 8.3 320.4 8.5 328.0 13.3 490.7 13.2 493.8 12.9 487.2 13.1 491.9 Georgia............ 3,482.2 3,554.7 3,495.4 3,565.8 Hawaii(2).......... 535.7 532.5 529.3 530.2 Idaho.............. 479.5 493.4 485.4 498.4 Illinois........... 5,597.3 5,675.3 5,640.6 5,719.4 Indiana............ 2,778.7 2,815.7 2,808.3 2,834.9 160.9 23.6 26.8 195.1 119.7 161.4 21.5 29.0 197.3 123.4 165.8 23.5 28.7 213.8 129.2 162.7 21.2 30.6 214.4 133.1 583.5 16.7 71.1 968.7 671.6 587.9 16.4 71.7 977.0 670.0 579.7 16.5 70.9 965.8 672.9 586.4 16.4 71.9 976.7 670.5 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 48.9 52.1 70.5 111.5 18.4 52.2 56.9 73.5 111.5 19.7 57.2 56.4 73.7 110.4 20.1 60.3 59.1 76.0 112.5 21.1 247.1 193.6 311.1 184.0 87.8 245.7 201.0 314.4 185.9 86.8 247.8 194.8 309.8 186.4 87.4 247.8 201.8 313.6 187.4 86.1 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 1,362.7 1,214.4 1,647.3 1,789.8 522.8 1,382.8 1,256.5 1,688.1 1,829.7 529.9 1,383.6 1,230.0 1,660.5 1,800.5 529.2 1,403.3 1,264.1 1,700.0 1,834.8 536.0 1997p 1996 April 1997 1996 1997p Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 2,237.4 3,082.9 4,377.9 2,458.8 1,099.3 122.9 80.6 143.7 72.3 47.5 133.3 86.5 159.8 76.0 46.7 128.2 88.1 153.6 78.6 48.8 137.6 94.2 172.7 82.5 48.0 173.5 443.5 954.4 423.6 245.0 172.8 443.6 960.2 429.1 241.6 173.6 443.3 962.5 424.5 247.7 172.4 444.9 953.8 431.4 241.7 Missouri........... 2,538.3 2,587.3 2,570.0 2,612.0 Montana............ 349.8 354.8 355.8 358.3 Nebraska........... 824.3 845.6 830.3 848.6 Nevada............. 818.7 879.5 829.3 885.2 New Hampshire...... 540.6 561.6 553.7 563.5 107.8 13.8 33.0 68.5 17.4 113.3 14.3 35.7 79.5 19.0 112.7 15.7 35.6 70.6 19.3 115.9 15.9 37.3 82.1 20.6 419.0 23.0 112.8 38.0 104.1 410.9 23.2 114.6 39.4 106.3 417.2 23.0 112.6 38.3 104.9 408.3 23.3 114.2 39.5 106.2 New Jersey......... 3,580.6 3,645.7 3,600.6 3,673.5 New Mexico......... 687.1 698.8 690.4 702.3 New York........... 7,827.0 7,907.8 7,859.2 7,957.1 North Carolina..... 3,500.8 3,615.4 3,524.7 3,625.9 North Dakota....... 301.6 309.5 305.6 311.6 110.9 42.5 223.2 179.7 11.5 114.7 40.7 231.8 195.5 12.4 120.3 42.3 237.8 184.1 12.9 122.6 41.1 248.6 197.9 12.9 485.4 45.5 921.7 846.9 21.2 481.1 45.4 911.0 839.5 22.1 484.1 45.3 916.6 843.9 21.3 482.5 45.7 911.2 837.1 22.3 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 5,323.1 1,381.0 1,507.5 5,409.4 442.3 188.1 48.5 72.0 178.0 11.4 196.6 50.8 75.4 192.2 12.7 203.7 49.4 73.7 193.4 13.1 210.8 1,083.7 1,084.4 1,091.7 1,081.7 50.7 172.2 176.6 172.6 174.1 78.2 228.9 236.3 229.0 238.6 206.5 923.9 927.5 925.6 930.4 13.9 82.9 80.3 83.2 80.8 South Carolina..... 1,660.7 1,685.9 1,672.2 1,699.6 South Dakota....... 340.2 344.5 345.3 346.9 Tennessee.......... 2,538.3 2,540.1 2,517.7 2,549.8 Texas.............. 8,134.0 8,366.4 8,190.4 8,418.3 Utah............... 935.4 973.2 942.3 981.8 90.6 12.0 108.3 423.9 55.0 95.9 12.1 110.9 445.2 58.0 91.8 13.7 111.3 427.2 57.1 95.9 369.2 360.7 365.3 359.3 13.3 47.0 48.4 47.1 48.7 113.7 525.1 517.3 522.8 517.8 447.7 1,045.0 1,060.7 1,046.5 1,064.0 60.5 127.9 129.8 127.9 130.1 Vermont............ 273.6 278.1 271.8 274.7 Virginia........... 3,089.2 3,176.6 3,107.6 3,198.6 Washington......... 2,365.6 2,443.8 2,381.8 2,461.7 West Virginia...... 684.6 697.6 690.5 704.8 Wisconsin.......... 2,545.7 2,594.4 2,564.7 2,619.8 Wyoming............ 212.4 214.0 214.9 215.6 9.6 166.8 118.0 29.4 88.1 11.7 10.4 176.6 123.6 31.9 94.5 11.9 10.8 171.3 121.6 31.9 95.5 12.8 10.8 181.6 127.7 35.1 103.4 12.9 45.3 398.5 333.8 81.8 594.6 10.3 45.8 396.0 356.3 81.1 593.9 10.4 45.7 398.6 336.0 81.9 595.2 10.5 45.6 396.0 359.7 81.5 596.7 10.5 54.1 58.0 53.0 57.1 153.9 152.3 153.7 152.9 Puerto Rico........ 2,175.3 2,975.5 4,282.2 2,387.7 1,078.4 5,213.7 1,341.1 1,440.8 5,232.4 432.9 948.6 2,221.1 3,051.0 4,361.7 2,440.5 1,093.7 5,286.1 1,380.7 1,496.3 5,348.2 438.1 961.8 2,194.9 3,004.1 4,304.1 2,405.1 1,087.8 5,260.6 1,345.7 1,451.7 5,297.2 437.2 947.6 963.1 Transportation and public utilities March April 1996 1997 1996 Alabama............ Alaska............. Arizona............ Arkansas........... California......... 89.6 21.1 89.8 64.2 632.7 90.0 21.6 94.7 64.9 647.2 90.2 21.8 89.8 64.2 631.9 Colorado........... Connecticut........ Delaware........... District of Columbia........ Florida............ 120.8 72.8 15.8 116.7 73.6 15.8 19.7 312.6 Georgia............ Hawaii(2).......... Idaho.............. Illinois........... Indiana............ Trade March 1997p 1996 Finance, insurance, and real estate April 1997 1996 89.7 412.0 419.1 415.2 420.5 22.2 50.3 50.8 51.7 52.2 95.1 462.2 483.7 463.7 483.2 65.0 242.3 246.5 245.0 248.2 649.1 2,928.1 2,976.3 2,922.8 2,980.5 80.4 11.4 113.8 42.5 736.4 83.2 11.4 121.1 43.5 732.9 80.7 11.5 113.2 42.7 730.6 83.0 11.4 121.3 43.6 734.7 120.4 72.8 15.7 116.8 74.3 15.8 466.9 343.1 84.0 117.1 130.7 42.7 120.7 128.4 45.2 117.1 129.9 42.7 120.7 128.4 46.1 18.8 323.2 19.1 310.8 18.7 49.8 49.3 48.9 49.6 324.0 1,609.2 1,662.6 1,601.8 1,660.0 29.6 390.0 28.2 402.9 28.0 390.0 27.8 403.5 219.3 40.9 22.6 327.6 138.4 224.1 41.4 22.9 337.7 137.8 219.9 40.4 22.6 328.4 139.3 225.0 876.5 897.7 877.9 902.8 40.9 135.8 134.9 134.0 134.2 23.1 121.2 125.7 122.3 127.0 339.2 1,279.6 1,283.2 1,281.7 1,286.8 139.8 664.2 670.7 671.2 675.8 178.9 37.1 25.0 384.0 132.7 183.5 36.0 25.3 387.6 136.9 178.0 36.8 25.1 383.7 133.3 184.9 35.9 25.5 388.0 137.6 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 61.5 68.7 90.8 107.2 22.0 64.6 71.7 94.9 108.8 22.1 62.3 69.9 92.7 107.3 22.0 64.8 72.0 95.5 109.1 22.1 338.6 307.1 406.0 430.0 131.6 77.2 58.0 66.1 82.0 26.3 77.8 59.4 68.4 83.4 27.0 77.3 58.1 66.5 82.1 26.4 78.2 59.8 68.4 83.5 27.0 Maryland........... Massachusetts...... Michigan........... Minnesota.......... Mississippi........ 105.6 127.4 166.2 118.7 52.3 107.9 131.4 167.3 121.4 51.8 105.7 127.6 166.9 118.7 52.4 107.8 514.2 522.3 519.8 527.7 131.7 669.4 685.5 677.1 690.9 167.6 1,001.0 1,018.9 1,000.2 1,023.1 122.1 578.8 592.0 583.5 594.7 51.2 229.0 231.2 231.3 232.1 127.6 205.2 199.4 141.0 40.3 127.2 212.8 200.8 143.7 41.1 127.5 205.1 198.7 141.8 40.6 127.1 213.2 202.0 144.0 41.3 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. 156.5 20.5 49.9 41.5 161.9 20.2 52.1 43.6 159.1 20.7 49.9 41.8 162.2 20.0 52.5 43.8 147.7 15.7 53.1 37.6 153.7 16.3 54.0 38.8 148.2 15.8 52.2 37.6 153.9 16.5 54.2 38.9 333.1 297.3 393.0 414.5 127.0 598.9 94.4 203.3 163.6 468.1 342.4 82.3 333.3 306.0 401.5 428.3 128.3 605.4 94.5 207.3 176.9 1996 456.7 339.7 81.9 339.4 300.0 395.8 417.8 130.4 607.2 96.1 204.3 164.7 1997p April 1996 455.9 337.8 79.9 1997 March 612.7 95.5 207.6 177.8 1997p New Hampshire...... 19.0 19.6 19.4 New Jersey......... New Mexico......... New York........... North Carolina..... North Dakota....... 251.8 31.8 399.2 165.3 18.4 257.0 31.0 404.0 171.6 18.4 Ohio............... Oklahoma........... Oregon............. Pennsylvania....... Rhode Island....... 228.8 77.0 71.7 272.3 14.5 South Carolina..... South Dakota....... Tennessee.......... Texas.............. Utah............... 19.5 136.5 144.3 27.8 28.3 28.2 28.5 250.7 31.5 398.5 166.2 18.3 257.3 830.8 846.4 834.4 851.7 31.0 160.1 163.4 161.6 165.3 404.5 1,576.9 1,598.0 1,581.4 1,606.3 172.5 794.3 811.8 798.3 815.4 18.4 78.4 79.2 79.5 80.2 228.8 31.0 715.2 149.7 14.0 233.4 31.8 719.9 158.6 14.6 228.9 31.5 714.2 150.7 14.1 233.2 32.1 720.7 159.6 14.9 231.9 76.9 73.4 271.6 14.8 229.6 77.2 72.1 272.3 14.7 233.1 1,271.2 1,293.9 1,279.7 1,304.5 77.3 312.6 322.3 313.0 322.4 73.5 352.5 365.7 357.0 368.1 272.7 1,171.7 1,204.3 1,186.1 1,220.3 15.0 92.9 96.2 94.5 97.3 274.1 66.1 88.7 303.7 25.0 278.5 68.3 93.1 309.0 25.4 274.4 66.6 89.4 306.1 24.8 279.4 68.6 93.4 310.9 25.8 72.5 15.9 143.2 483.0 52.5 73.6 16.1 142.1 492.3 55.2 72.7 16.3 140.5 484.9 53.2 73.8 388.6 397.4 395.2 404.5 16.0 85.1 85.5 86.3 86.1 141.8 585.5 596.0 585.3 598.1 492.8 1,947.2 2,002.2 1,963.8 2,019.0 55.4 223.0 231.9 224.5 234.6 71.0 19.3 116.2 438.7 49.8 73.1 20.6 119.2 446.9 51.4 71.4 19.5 115.4 440.2 50.0 73.5 20.7 119.3 449.6 51.5 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 12.0 159.7 119.9 39.4 118.8 13.5 12.2 164.8 123.7 38.3 120.5 13.5 12.0 159.0 120.9 39.1 120.2 13.7 12.2 164.8 124.3 38.4 121.6 13.6 62.9 694.7 572.1 155.4 577.1 49.2 64.4 712.8 584.6 158.5 585.8 49.6 62.9 699.3 577.4 157.7 581.7 49.9 64.6 720.0 590.8 160.9 591.1 50.1 12.0 160.2 122.6 26.7 137.0 7.8 12.3 163.8 125.3 27.3 139.5 7.8 12.0 160.5 122.7 26.9 137.5 7.8 12.3 163.8 125.1 27.4 140.4 7.8 Puerto Rico........ 24.4 23.6 24.4 24.3 188.7 192.9 187.8 193.1 44.2 44.6 44.0 44.6 Services 143.1 March Alabama............ 140.6 Government April 1996 1997 1996 401.2 413.3 404.1 March 1997p 415.7 April 1996 1997 1996 347.0 347.9 347.6 1997p 348.7 Alaska............. 59.6 61.1 60.7 62.0 74.1 74.2 74.7 74.6 Arizona............ 550.7 590.7 554.8 592.0 330.2 339.4 323.1 335.6 Arkansas........... 242.9 249.4 244.7 250.7 182.2 184.5 182.4 184.5 California......... 3,864.9 4,048.9 3,871.3 4,055.9 2,136.3 2,178.9 2,141.8 2,180.1 Colorado........... 555.8 593.7 558.4 588.6 Connecticut........ 470.6 487.7 475.9 492.2 Delaware........... 99.6 103.9 100.5 104.2 District of Columbia........ 263.8 268.3 261.1 266.6 Florida............ 2,115.4 2,217.6 2,107.7 2,226.9 313.8 226.1 53.1 316.3 231.0 54.0 313.7 228.5 53.5 316.4 232.6 54.4 244.5 970.2 230.9 960.7 242.0 941.2 230.6 961.2 Georgia............ 880.4 918.1 892.3 923.1 Hawaii(2).......... 166.8 168.8 164.6 168.1 Idaho.............. 111.9 116.1 113.9 117.6 Illinois........... 1,604.5 1,654.3 1,627.5 1,673.7 Indiana............ 639.4 670.1 649.4 671.0 574.8 114.8 98.2 825.3 406.9 574.2 113.5 99.6 826.4 400.6 574.0 113.5 99.0 827.0 406.8 573.1 113.5 99.5 828.4 400.7 Iowa............... Kansas............. Kentucky........... Louisiana.......... Maine.............. 375.4 311.2 420.0 493.7 151.7 236.9 242.2 293.4 364.7 96.6 235.8 246.2 296.3 366.9 96.9 237.9 242.2 295.8 367.9 95.9 236.1 245.4 297.9 367.7 96.3 Maryland........... 702.7 726.9 711.8 735.0 Massachusetts...... 1,043.0 1,081.9 1,057.0 1,098.1 Michigan........... 1,143.6 1,182.4 1,153.5 1,194.0 Minnesota.......... 660.9 681.0 664.5 686.9 Mississippi........ 240.6 252.1 243.3 254.8 427.7 405.3 666.7 385.2 218.7 429.6 408.1 665.3 389.9 224.3 427.2 404.7 661.5 386.0 218.6 428.7 408.7 657.6 389.5 225.2 Missouri........... Montana............ Nebraska........... Nevada............. New Hampshire...... 409.1 78.6 152.5 101.9 80.6 420.7 79.6 153.5 107.8 82.9 411.1 78.8 153.6 101.0 82.3 424.0 79.6 153.9 107.6 83.5 356.1 294.5 399.5 478.6 144.6 694.5 98.7 218.6 353.6 154.8 371.4 307.6 416.7 494.5 149.0 716.7 101.4 227.3 378.6 161.9 359.5 300.6 403.2 481.1 146.9 709.7 100.6 220.9 361.1 158.5 730.3 102.3 227.8 380.5 160.4 New Jersey......... 1,097.1 1,136.8 1,106.2 1,148.6 574.1 574.4 574.1 575.5 New Mexico......... 189.3 196.5 190.4 195.6 171.7 175.1 172.5 176.4 New York........... 2,579.3 2,648.3 2,599.1 2,670.7 1,407.6 1,390.6 1,407.2 1,390.4 North Carolina..... 790.4 843.2 806.1 847.9 570.8 591.3 571.6 591.6 North Dakota....... 82.6 86.5 83.7 87.4 71.6 72.3 71.9 71.6 Ohio............... 1,383.5 1,415.5 1,404.3 1,433.9 Oklahoma........... 357.3 377.6 359.5 379.4 Oregon............. 374.6 395.8 377.7 399.4 Pennsylvania....... 1,625.5 1,685.4 1,653.3 1,710.2 770.9 276.4 250.7 739.1 771.8 277.2 254.8 739.1 763.5 276.0 251.0 741.1 766.0 277.1 254.5 738.6 Rhode Island....... 143.5 145.2 145.1 146.5 62.6 63.3 61.6 62.8 South Carolina..... 365.9 375.9 374.2 383.8 301.1 307.5 299.8 307.0 South Dakota....... 87.0 88.6 88.2 88.6 71.8 70.9 72.0 71.2 Tennessee.......... 647.7 659.2 650.9 665.1 407.7 390.9 386.8 389.4 Texas.............. 2,173.6 2,269.3 2,198.3 2,290.1 1,467.7 1,489.7 1,474.8 1,494.6 Utah............... 249.8 266.9 250.8 268.4 169.7 172.2 171.1 173.5 Vermont............ Virginia........... Washington......... West Virginia...... Wisconsin.......... Wyoming............ 83.9 895.0 637.3 187.5 638.5 44.9 85.1 939.6 663.9 193.7 666.0 45.2 80.1 902.0 644.1 189.4 643.9 45.1 80.7 949.1 670.4 195.2 669.6 45.3 47.4 603.4 458.7 139.0 389.7 59.8 47.3 612.2 463.0 142.4 392.2 60.5 47.7 606.0 455.8 138.2 388.5 59.9 47.9 612.4 460.3 141.7 394.7 60.3 Puerto Rico........ 178.5 182.9 178.8 183.6 303.8 306.5 304.8 306.4 1 Includes mining, not shown separately. 2 Mining is combined with construction. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data are counts of jobs by place of work. Data have been adjusted to reflect March 1996 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Estimates subsequent to the current benchmark month are provisional and will be revised when new information becomes available. Table 5. Unemployment rates by state and selected metropolitan areas, not seasonally adjusted March April State and area 1996 1997 1996 1997p United States................................... 5.8 5.5 5.4 4.8 Alabama..................................................... Birmingham................................................ Huntsville................................................ Mobile.................................................... Montgomery................................................ Tuscaloosa................................................ 5.1 3.2 3.5 5.3 3.8 3.6 4.0 2.6 2.5 4.2 3.4 2.8 5.3 3.3 3.5 5.5 4.0 3.5 4.2 2.8 2.5 4.2 3.5 2.8 Alaska...................................................... Anchorage................................................. 8.9 5.9 8.8 6.2 8.2 5.7 8.3 5.8 Arizona..................................................... Phoenix-Mesa.............................................. Tucson.................................................... 4.7 3.4 3.5 4.2 2.9 3.1 4.8 3.3 3.3 4.1 2.8 2.9 Arkansas.................................................... Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers............................ Fort Smith(1)............................................. Little Rock-North Little Rock............................. Pine Bluff................................................ 5.5 3.1 5.9 3.8 7.3 5.7 3.4 5.2 4.0 7.8 5.1 2.7 5.1 3.6 7.0 4.5 2.7 4.3 3.3 6.6 California.................................................. Bakersfield............................................... Fresno.................................................... Los Angeles-Long Beach.................................... Modesto................................................... Oakland................................................... Orange County............................................. Riverside-San Bernardino.................................. Sacramento................................................ Salinas................................................... San Diego................................................. San Francisco............................................. San Jose.................................................. Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Lompoc.......................... Santa Rosa................................................ Stockton-Lodi............................................. Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa.................................... Ventura................................................... 7.7 15.0 16.0 8.4 16.3 5.0 4.2 7.4 6.4 15.0 5.4 4.0 3.7 6.4 5.0 12.8 7.5 6.3 6.7 14.1 16.1 7.2 15.1 4.3 3.2 6.5 5.5 15.1 4.4 3.2 3.1 5.8 4.0 11.9 6.5 5.6 7.3 13.0 13.9 8.2 15.9 5.1 4.1 7.4 6.1 11.4 5.4 4.1 3.6 5.4 4.8 11.9 7.6 6.0 6.4 11.6 14.2 7.0 14.6 4.2 3.1 6.4 5.3 11.3 4.3 3.1 3.1 4.9 3.8 11.2 6.2 5.5 Colorado.................................................... Boulder-Longmont.......................................... Colorado Springs.......................................... Denver.................................................... 4.5 3.9 5.0 4.1 3.5 2.9 3.8 3.1 3.9 3.4 4.3 3.6 3.0 2.6 3.3 2.7 Connecticut................................................. Bridgeport................................................ Danbury................................................... Hartford.................................................. New Haven-Meriden......................................... New London-Norwich........................................ Stamford-Norwalk.......................................... Waterbury................................................. 5.9 6.8 4.0 6.3 6.0 5.6 3.9 6.9 5.1 5.9 3.3 5.5 5.1 5.1 3.2 6.2 5.5 6.2 3.8 5.8 5.6 5.3 3.5 6.6 4.9 5.7 3.1 5.1 5.4 4.9 2.9 5.9 Delaware.................................................... Dover..................................................... Wilmington-Newark(1)...................................... 5.5 5.1 6.6 5.0 5.5 5.2 4.7 5.4 4.7 3.9 4.3 4.2 District of Columbia........................................ Washington(1)............................................. 8.5 3.9 7.7 3.4 8.3 3.6 6.8 3.3 Florida..................................................... Daytona Beach............................................. Fort Lauderdale........................................... Fort Myers-Cape Coral..................................... Gainesville............................................... Jacksonville.............................................. Lakeland-Winter Haven..................................... Melbourne-Titusville-Palm Bay............................. Miami..................................................... Orlando................................................... Pensacola................................................. Sarasota-Bradenton........................................ Tallahassee............................................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater........................... West Palm Beach-Boca Raton................................ Georgia..................................................... Albany.................................................... Athens.................................................... Atlanta................................................... Augusta-Aiken(1).......................................... Columbus(1)............................................... Macon..................................................... Savannah.................................................. 4.7 4.1 4.9 3.6 2.7 3.3 5.2 5.6 6.8 3.7 3.9 3.2 3.0 3.8 5.9 4.6 6.2 3.2 3.8 6.4 5.2 4.8 4.6 4.6 3.7 4.7 3.3 2.9 3.6 5.4 4.7 7.0 3.4 4.0 2.7 3.0 3.4 5.8 4.6 6.1 2.9 3.7 6.2 4.6 5.1 5.5 4.8 4.0 5.1 3.6 2.7 3.3 5.1 5.6 7.2 3.7 4.0 3.2 3.0 3.9 6.0 4.3 5.7 3.1 3.5 6.2 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.6 3.6 4.8 3.3 2.8 3.5 5.3 4.8 7.2 3.3 4.0 2.7 3.0 3.4 5.8 4.0 5.5 2.4 3.3 5.3 4.1 4.2 4.3 Hawaii...................................................... Honolulu.................................................. 6.0 4.9 5.5 4.6 6.4 5.3 6.0 4.9 Idaho....................................................... Boise City................................................ 6.4 4.6 6.3 4.0 5.6 4.0 5.4 3.6 Illinois.................................................... Bloomington-Normal........................................ Champaign-Urbana.......................................... Chicago................................................... Davenport-Moline-Rock Island(1)........................... Decatur................................................... Kankakee.................................................. Peoria-Pekin.............................................. Rockford.................................................. Springfield............................................... 5.6 3.7 3.4 5.3 4.9 7.8 6.5 6.9 5.0 4.6 5.3 3.0 3.1 5.1 4.3 7.8 6.7 5.3 4.9 4.7 5.3 3.3 3.0 5.1 4.4 7.6 5.8 6.5 4.5 4.4 4.8 2.6 2.9 4.7 3.9 7.3 5.9 4.7 4.4 4.2 Indiana..................................................... 4.8 3.6 4.4 3.3 Bloomington............................................... Elkhart-Goshen............................................ Evansville-Henderson(1)................................... Fort Wayne................................................ Gary...................................................... Indianapolis.............................................. Kokomo.................................................... Lafayette................................................. Muncie.................................................... South Bend................................................ Terre Haute............................................... 3.1 4.1 4.8 4.6 5.8 3.7 4.1 3.3 5.1 4.5 7.5 2.3 3.1 4.5 3.0 4.0 2.7 3.2 2.5 3.9 3.4 5.8 2.9 4.0 4.9 3.9 5.7 3.5 3.9 3.1 5.0 4.1 7.7 2.1 2.9 4.3 2.8 3.8 2.7 3.1 2.3 3.8 3.2 5.7 Iowa........................................................ Cedar Rapids.............................................. Des Moines................................................ Dubuque................................................... Iowa City................................................. Sioux City(1)............................................. Waterloo-Cedar Falls...................................... 4.4 3.4 2.8 7.0 2.8 3.9 5.1 3.9 3.1 2.9 4.8 2.5 3.9 4.3 3.8 3.0 2.5 6.4 2.6 3.5 4.5 3.3 2.8 2.7 4.3 2.3 3.7 4.0 Kansas...................................................... Lawrence.................................................. Topeka.................................................... Wichita................................................... 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.0 4.3 4.9 3.6 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 3.9 4.3 4.7 3.6 Kentucky.................................................... Lexington................................................. Louisville(1)............................................. Owensboro................................................. 5.7 2.9 4.4 6.0 5.5 2.5 4.0 6.3 5.5 2.8 4.3 6.0 5.0 2.5 3.8 5.4 Louisiana................................................... Alexandria................................................ Baton Rouge............................................... Houma..................................................... Lafayette................................................. Lake Charles.............................................. Monroe.................................................... New Orleans............................................... Shreveport-Bossier City................................... 6.5 5.6 5.2 5.0 5.8 5.3 5.7 5.9 8.9 5.6 5.6 4.4 3.6 4.8 5.6 5.9 4.8 6.0 6.2 6.1 5.3 4.8 5.6 5.6 5.5 6.0 6.3 5.1 5.0 4.2 3.2 4.3 5.3 5.2 4.4 5.5 Maine....................................................... Lewiston-Auburn........................................... Portland.................................................. 6.5 7.1 3.7 5.6 6.1 2.8 5.8 6.3 3.1 5.3 5.3 2.5 Maryland.................................................... Baltimore................................................. 5.1 5.6 4.6 5.1 4.6 5.2 4.4 4.9 Massachusetts............................................... Barnstable-Yarmouth....................................... Boston(1)................................................. Massachusetts--Continued Brockton.................................................. Fitchburg-Leominster...................................... Lawrence(1)............................................... Lowell(1)................................................. New Bedford............................................... Pittsfield................................................ Springfield............................................... Worcester(1).............................................. 5.2 8.1 4.2 4.5 7.4 3.6 4.5 5.7 3.8 4.0 5.4 3.3 6.0 6.0 6.1 4.6 10.9 6.7 5.5 4.7 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.2 9.0 6.7 4.7 4.1 5.2 5.4 5.4 4.2 9.2 5.8 4.5 4.3 4.7 4.9 4.6 3.8 7.6 5.8 4.1 3.7 Michigan.................................................... Ann Arbor................................................. Benton Harbor............................................. Detroit................................................... Flint..................................................... Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland............................. Jackson................................................... Kalamazoo-Battle Creek.................................... Lansing-East Lansing...................................... Saginaw-Bay City-Midland.................................. 5.7 3.2 5.8 5.0 7.6 4.3 5.3 4.6 6.4 5.8 4.8 2.9 5.8 4.1 5.9 3.7 5.0 4.4 3.4 5.5 4.9 2.7 5.6 4.2 5.9 3.9 5.1 4.4 3.3 5.5 4.3 2.7 5.0 3.8 5.2 3.1 4.5 3.8 2.9 4.5 Minnesota................................................... Duluth-Superior(1)........................................ Minneapolis-St.Paul(1).................................... Rochester................................................. St. Cloud................................................. 4.3 6.2 3.1 3.4 5.6 3.4 5.4 2.5 2.3 4.8 4.1 6.3 3.0 3.3 5.3 3.5 5.6 2.4 2.3 4.6 Mississippi................................................. Jackson................................................... 6.3 3.6 5.8 3.4 6.0 3.6 4.7 2.9 Missouri.................................................... Kansas City(1)............................................ St. Louis LMA(1).......................................... Springfield............................................... 4.7 4.0 4.5 3.4 4.4 3.7 4.0 3.5 4.3 4.0 4.4 3.2 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.4 Montana..................................................... 6.4 5.8 5.4 5.2 Nebraska.................................................... Lincoln................................................... Omaha(1).................................................. 3.0 2.5 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.8 1.9 1.4 2.1 Nevada...................................................... 5.0 4.2 5.1 4.3 Las Vegas(1).............................................. Reno...................................................... 4.8 5.2 4.1 4.1 5.0 5.0 4.1 4.1 New Hampshire............................................... Manchester................................................ Nashua.................................................... Portsmouth-Rochester(1)................................... 4.7 3.9 4.7 4.2 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.5 4.4 3.7 4.4 3.7 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.5 New Jersey.................................................. Atlantic-Cape May......................................... Bergen-Passaic............................................ Jersey City............................................... Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon.............................. Monmouth-Ocean............................................ Newark.................................................... Trenton................................................... Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton.............................. 6.5 11.0 6.7 9.3 4.7 6.1 6.4 5.9 10.9 5.8 10.2 5.8 8.3 3.9 5.6 5.7 5.0 10.1 6.1 9.8 6.2 9.2 4.5 5.6 6.1 5.2 10.4 5.0 8.3 5.1 7.6 3.4 4.7 4.9 4.3 8.7 New Mexico.................................................. Albuquerque............................................... Las Cruces................................................ Santa Fe.................................................. 7.6 4.6 10.7 4.9 6.5 4.1 9.5 3.9 7.7 4.6 10.9 4.8 6.3 4.0 9.5 3.9 New York.................................................... Albany-Schenectady-Troy................................... Binghamton................................................ Buffalo-Niagara Falls..................................... Dutchess County........................................... Elmira.................................................... Glens Falls............................................... Nassau-Suffolk............................................ New York.................................................. New York City............................................. Newburgh(1)............................................... Rochester................................................. New York--Continued Syracuse.................................................. Utica-Rome................................................ 6.8 5.4 5.3 5.7 4.7 4.8 8.3 4.6 8.4 9.2 5.0 4.6 6.7 4.4 4.6 5.4 4.2 4.1 7.9 3.6 9.0 10.1 4.4 4.1 6.3 4.5 4.7 5.4 4.0 4.4 7.0 4.3 7.9 8.7 4.4 4.0 6.2 3.8 4.0 4.8 3.7 3.7 6.6 3.2 8.6 9.7 4.0 3.6 5.7 6.5 4.9 5.6 4.9 5.6 4.3 5.2 North Carolina.............................................. Asheville................................................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill(1)........................... Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point....................... Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill................................ 4.4 3.7 3.6 3.1 2.4 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 1.9 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.5 2.1 3.0 2.4 2.5 2.3 1.6 North Dakota................................................ 3.5 3.2 3.1 2.9 Bismarck.................................................. Fargo-Moorhead(1)......................................... Grand Forks(1)............................................ 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.6 2.2 3.1 2.9 2.8 3.6 3.0 2.2 2.9 Ohio........................................................ Akron..................................................... Canton-Massillon.......................................... Cincinnati(1)............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria................................... Columbus.................................................. Dayton-Springfield........................................ Hamilton-Middletown....................................... Lima...................................................... Mansfield................................................. Steubenville-Weirton...................................... Toledo.................................................... Youngstown-Warren......................................... 5.5 5.2 5.9 4.4 5.2 3.3 5.6 4.4 6.1 6.5 6.8 4.9 10.1 5.2 5.0 5.8 4.0 5.5 3.2 4.4 3.8 5.4 6.2 13.0 5.0 6.5 4.6 4.4 5.4 4.0 4.8 2.9 4.0 3.9 5.8 6.0 6.1 4.3 6.0 4.6 4.4 5.1 3.7 4.9 2.8 3.9 3.4 5.0 5.6 13.3 4.4 5.8 Oklahoma.................................................... Enid...................................................... Lawton.................................................... Oklahoma City............................................. Tulsa..................................................... 4.2 3.8 4.7 3.2 3.6 3.6 2.7 4.4 2.8 3.1 4.0 3.6 4.8 3.0 3.4 3.3 2.5 4.1 2.6 2.8 Oregon...................................................... Eugene-Springfield........................................ Medford-Ashland........................................... Portland-Vancouver(1)..................................... Salem..................................................... 6.6 6.5 9.4 4.7 6.3 6.6 6.4 9.2 4.7 6.7 5.9 5.9 8.3 4.4 5.9 5.8 5.6 8.0 4.2 5.9 Pennsylvania................................................ Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton................................ Altoona................................................... Erie...................................................... Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle............................... Johnstown................................................. Lancaster................................................. Philadelphia(1)........................................... Pittsburgh................................................ Reading................................................... Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazelton............................ Sharon.................................................... State College............................................. Williamsport.............................................. York...................................................... 5.9 6.0 6.5 6.7 3.9 9.1 3.7 5.5 5.7 4.9 8.2 5.3 3.4 7.8 4.6 5.3 5.2 5.7 6.3 3.3 8.7 2.8 4.9 5.2 4.4 7.5 6.3 3.4 6.7 4.3 5.5 5.6 6.0 6.3 3.6 8.5 3.2 5.2 5.2 4.6 7.6 4.6 2.9 7.0 4.5 5.3 5.2 5.7 6.2 3.3 8.2 2.6 4.8 5.1 4.2 7.4 6.5 2.9 6.3 4.2 Rhode Island................................................ Providence-Fall River-Warwick(1).......................... 6.0 6.7 5.4 5.9 4.9 5.6 4.8 5.3 South Carolina.............................................. Charleston-North Charleston............................... Columbia.................................................. Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson........................... 5.7 5.1 3.7 3.9 5.2 4.9 3.2 3.7 5.7 5.2 3.5 4.3 4.4 4.2 2.6 3.1 South Dakota................................................ Rapid City................................................ Sioux Falls............................................... 3.8 4.3 2.4 3.4 3.4 2.3 3.2 3.6 2.1 2.6 2.8 1.7 Tennessee................................................... Chattanooga(1)............................................ Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol(1)......................... Knoxville................................................. Memphis(1)................................................ Nashville................................................. 5.2 4.8 5.2 4.9 4.4 3.2 5.2 4.7 4.7 5.1 4.2 3.3 4.8 4.4 4.8 4.1 4.1 3.0 4.8 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.0 3.2 Texas....................................................... Abilene................................................... Texas--Contiuned Amarillo.................................................. Austin-San Marcos......................................... Beaumont-Port Arthur...................................... Brazoria.................................................. Brownsville-Harlingen-San Benito.......................... Bryan-College Station..................................... Corpus Christi............................................ Dallas.................................................... El Paso................................................... Fort Worth-Arlington...................................... Galveston-Texas City...................................... Houston................................................... Killeen-Temple............................................ Laredo.................................................... Longview-Marshall......................................... Lubbock................................................... McAllen-Edinburg-Mission.................................. Odessa-Midland............................................ San Angelo................................................ San Antonio............................................... Sherman-Denison........................................... Texarkana(1).............................................. Tyler..................................................... Victoria.................................................. 5.7 5.4 5.7 4.6 5.4 4.9 5.2 4.0 3.7 2.8 8.8 6.4 13.4 2.5 8.1 4.1 11.4 4.1 7.6 5.2 5.0 13.7 7.8 4.0 19.9 5.7 3.8 4.2 5.3 7.5 6.5 5.2 4.2 3.3 8.6 7.2 12.5 2.2 8.5 3.9 11.7 3.8 8.5 5.4 5.5 12.1 7.8 4.0 19.2 5.6 3.6 4.1 5.0 7.8 5.9 5.7 3.5 2.7 8.8 6.3 11.9 2.4 7.6 4.0 11.4 3.9 7.4 5.1 4.6 12.6 7.5 3.8 17.7 5.7 3.6 4.0 4.6 7.1 6.3 4.8 3.7 2.9 8.1 7.1 12.2 2.0 7.6 3.6 10.7 3.5 8.1 5.0 4.9 10.5 7.1 3.6 16.3 5.2 3.2 3.7 4.7 7.0 5.3 5.2 Waco...................................................... Wichita Falls............................................. 4.6 4.2 4.7 4.5 4.1 4.0 4.2 4.2 Utah........................................................ Provo-Orem................................................ Salt Lake City-Odgen...................................... 3.5 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.6 3.3 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.4 2.7 Vermont..................................................... Burlington................................................ 5.0 3.5 4.3 2.9 4.9 3.0 4.2 2.8 Virginia.................................................... Charlottesville........................................... Danville.................................................. Lynchburg................................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News(1).................... Richmond-Petersburg....................................... Roanoke................................................... 4.1 2.2 6.5 3.5 4.4 3.3 2.6 4.0 2.5 5.9 4.0 4.6 3.3 3.5 4.0 2.0 7.0 3.1 4.3 3.3 2.7 3.9 2.2 6.5 3.6 4.7 3.4 3.6 Washington.................................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett.................................. Spokane................................................... Tacoma.................................................... 7.3 5.6 6.8 6.9 5.6 3.9 5.7 5.2 6.5 5.1 5.6 6.3 5.0 3.5 4.7 4.7 West Virginia............................................... Charleston................................................ Huntington-Ashland(1)..................................... Parkersburg-Marietta(1)................................... Wheeling(1)............................................... 8.4 6.3 7.7 7.1 7.1 7.8 5.4 7.0 6.5 7.9 7.7 5.6 7.3 6.3 6.0 7.5 5.4 6.7 5.9 7.7 Wisconsin................................................... Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah................................... Eau Claire................................................ Green Bay................................................. Janesville-Beloit......................................... Kenosha................................................... La Crosse(1).............................................. Madison................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha........................................ Racine.................................................... Sheboygan................................................. Wausau.................................................... 4.3 3.4 5.0 3.6 4.1 3.8 4.3 2.1 3.6 4.8 3.3 5.4 4.2 3.7 4.6 3.5 4.2 3.6 3.6 2.0 3.5 4.5 2.6 4.8 3.9 3.2 4.4 3.3 3.7 3.6 3.3 1.8 3.6 4.6 3.0 4.3 3.7 3.1 4.0 3.2 3.8 3.2 3.0 1.7 3.3 3.9 2.3 3.9 Wyoming..................................................... Casper.................................................... 6.0 7.3 5.5 6.1 5.6 6.9 5.2 5.8 Puerto Rico................................................. 12.8 12.9 13.6 13.6 Caguas.................................................... Mayaguez.................................................. Ponce..................................................... San Juan-Bayamon.......................................... 11.6 14.7 17.6 10.3 11.5 15.2 18.2 10.2 12.2 15.4 18.9 10.6 12.1 15.8 18.5 10.6 1 Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent state. p = preliminary, except for the national figures. NOTE: Data refer to place of residence. Data for Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey. All estimates are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark and population information becomes available.