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12198
WO R K S
P R O GR E S S
A D MI N I S T R A T I O N
Corrington Gill
Ho ·.7ar r.. B. M:rers, Dire ctor
Di vision of So d al Re s e ar ch
Assistant Admintstra tn r
-
R E S E A R C H
E U L L E 'I' I 1r
SOCIAL SF..RVICE I: IVISION SI'.A.FF S OF TI-ra S:1.ATZ :E:.~RGENCY tlELIEF . rn:,II NI S'.[·n ATIONS,
1935 ar.d 19~~6
Re ducti on Pr ocedt'.r e s--Fu.nr. t i nns--P r'! r s0nn9 l Standa 'l'.' cJ. s--T-::- e nds
Oct obe r 1937
12198
CONIElT'IS
Intro <luc ti on - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - I. Duties performed by State E .F..A. Snci?.l Service :Oi visionsFundions in 1;ovem1wr 1935- -- - - - - - - - - Fu.ncti 1rns in Mc1.:rch 1936 - - - - - - - - - - II. Proced,_;_res in effecting reductioLs L1 personnel-·o.ses for selecting workers t,1 1:,r re:i.-'ased- - ?repe.rir:.g v•.-orl:ers for the ch1.nge in program Provisions for retaining· professionally trained wdrkers
III. Person~1el sts,ndards- - - - - - - - - - Education and experience requirements Special req1..,1_iremcn ts- - - - - - Personal q11.alificati.ons - - - - Diffic1J.lties in r:1eeting pcrs0nni::J requiroments- IV. Sal'l,ries and vacations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Pai:l vo.cation aml sick leave- - - V. Factors affecting personnel changes- Appendix A. Informri.tion rennesteJ. on St'l.te E.R.A. social ,,,ork
e.pplication forms, arranged alphabetically by
subject with typical questions - - - - - - - - - - A1-1pencl.ix !: . Qu.::,, stionnai re sent to St8.t e E.R.A. Sodal Service
Division staffs- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Appendb: C. Typical personnel problems--quntations :from letters
discussing Stste E.E.A. personnel problems - - -
Fabe
1
2
3
5
7
7
8
9
10
12
20
20
21
23
26
28
31
35
39
TA:::,LES
T2blc
-----1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Variatior.s in t:i.tJ.e:.:; of positio:-v:- in Sto>'l E.R.A. Socir.l Ser-13
vicn Divisions- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Educational req_uire;:1e~1ts -o;r nu:n·nc.r of States reportir.e; and
15
t:~e of position- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Length of :professional cd11-cation ar1• ,.)XP,;ri,3nC•3 i,1 desirer._
qualifications for sup0rviso:;.· 1-:T 1J.rr,~ ..:-r of -positions
16
reported- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lcn~;-;-,h of professional oduc.A.tion and expariefice in dosirod
q1..w,lific1:tionn for scnioi-. r:,1~d j11~·\ior· c.:.,se \voi-·kcrs by nur.1bcr
18
of States reporting - - - - - - - - - - - Prcv:2-ous experience B.cccptcd by nu:nbc:r of Statos reporting and
19
t~~o of positinn- - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - 1
Tin~:J allo"rcrl as paid vacA-tion an('l sick le,"l,ve for one year s
contirrunus service by number r>f States roportin~;- - - - - - 27
__,,
/
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
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12198
1
IUTRODUCTION
'.Fhis stud.~, of persor.nel in the fncial Service, Divisions of the State
.
Fmergency Re1 ief Ar'1-mi,1is+rations is .-. sur:@8.ry of three iEquiries on per:rnnEcl
ma.o.e by- the Div.:.sion of Sncial Pes0arch of the 1.'."0:::--ks Progress AdministrcJ.tion
aurin;; 193[· ~'-~cd 1936.
The ar.al;ysis Yms u:rslert3.kp·· at the request, and_ nith
the assistance of the Social Service Division of the Federal E~ergency Relief
Administration.
T}1e first inquir;f, mad.e during the summer of 1935, concc>r~1ed
the pc:tsom1eJ st&nd&.rds established by S.E.R.A. Social Service Divisio:1s f0r
social service positions.
The pu:-pose of the other two inqFiries was to anal;1ze
the char_:;inc; f--ir1ctions of Ste.te E.R.A. SociP,l Service Divisions.
D'J_ring the
pcriocl. s"i.1-.Tve:red, gr>neral relief W'3..s tra11sferrecl. from a Federal to a State and
:::.ocal bc1.sis.
Sharp reductions in so~ial service staffs resulted in nost States
as case loaf_s anr. relief bucJ.~·et s were re,1.uced with tl1e initiation of tbe Works
P rograr~.
1 were
t o f t-!1ese reL•UC t 10:r.s,
•
.L •
•
quesvionnaires
T·o me.0 .sure ,,nee f recs
.L'
;J
n
filleri fo:.: Social Service Divisions of Sts,tr> Emergency Relief Administrations
a.s of lfoveL'Jcr- 1, 1935, wLen fino.l F.E.R.A. g:r2.nts wGre being made to several
States, and. c..s of }.!arch 1, 1936, when F.E.l..A. funas for administration were
nearly exhauste6 in :nost StA--t:es.
T~1e st'.1c"'..y v:as o:riginally [>lannecl for 8.r'lr t,.-istrative use only~
1
requests for in:ormation in this fiela_
the finciHt,S senerally avr1.il=1ble.
11"
Numerous
,e ·· de it appear advisable to make
In sur:ma,·izing tbe q·.1estionnc1.ire data for
publication, only the points th&t i;1ight ·oe interesting to the contim,_ins relief
prot~rans o,s bo.cl:grouni material have be·~n included.
Questions relating to the
immediate s::.t'.:Jtion have been omitted and information o:n size of st3.ff he.s not
been inch1.dc0. since the data for the three periods wore not comparable in this
respect.
1
. . . B. _ Digitized by
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I.
Dl7TIES PERFORJ.::ED BY S'Il/I.'E E.~:. •• ~. SJCB. L SERVICE DIVISIONS
1933, it bec·'n,e necosso.ry to de+,en1ine tlle ext2nt of thP need of persons and
farnili0s ,"1-1':Pl;sring for relief.
'l'o establish eligibility for relief a:1..d t,o
ad~inistcr t~e ~ssistance neede~, loc~l social service divisions were set
up unde:c1 tho Stc1,te Ernergerccy ?.elie;:' Ac:ministra,~io~1s.
wero re sp0ns~ ·olc to the Social Se!'vico :Oi··· i
0
li0f ~.clminisGr3.U.on.
:< :)11
These latter, il'l t-L1rn,
of the icderal Emcrgcmc~r R 0
-
The ci+y f'1nd. co 1.1 nt;<· offices wec'e 7-oc.qted so that the
social v;or}:cr s would be able to visit thl~
IJ,-)TTJ.O
s of the une1:1plo::od as oasiJ.~r
~s possi0ln :\nd so th~t the officas wo~ld ~l~o be readily accessible to tho
~i-.e f,_,_-,ction<".\ r0rformecl by the lnc::-..:.1 soc5.al service divisions were
basic to the efficient OJPration of the trem~ndous program of Federal assistance.
As the prcgr[lm r.",evcJ.t',pec1, t~,e autiec of thG 0ivisions also bro2lenel~.•
The fur..ctinnc: of locB.l s0cL1l work Etc.ffs in November 1935 ind:i..cate the sc0pe
of the services thA~• ren~ere~.
With the aevelopment of the activities of the
Works P1:-o:c')_'3.rr1, the Fese.ttlPmtnt Arb.d.nistl·c1.t.:.or., anc1 the Social Securi t;y ~,oc1,rd,
there rren~ m,::t_4or c:mnges iri emrihases of loc.r-,: socisl service staffs, a2. incUcatea.
·b:·
the functirms reTJorted in I1!a:.-ch 19':\6.
1ror a cfot2,ilecJ. summary of the work of social service di ,;is ions, s,:-e :.3ro·an,
~Tosophine C., 11 SociRl ~ervice Division, 11 lv!o:::i_t_hly }l_QJ!or_t __9f the Federal Emorg...9.ncy ~::..clicf Adninis.tr£,.tj.on, March 1 Thro..:g.1:ll !'!larch 31, 1936, pp. 1-9.
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Ai-1al;y,,iG of the f·unctions £'n.-l services of the Socinl Servic~ Db isiori
staffs in
No-✓ ember
1Y35 as rP.1-,orted fnr 42 States ::mil the District of Cohwtia
:celief, othej~ Fr;cleral pr')p.;r~1.ms requirer m.:1.ny services fr0m tbe workers.
T:1P,
fact tll2.t the E.R.A. 's h•_:i.ci been estab1ished lnn.-:i:er thar, other agencies ~-wd
ha rl v10r::er s 1'3.,nilia:- w:!. t:c the local si tui..,t ions in pr'.lctically ever Jr coui1ty
T'lad,:, the services of ti1e::e workers in ce:·1,<111.d.
The November inforraation showe<7..
tr'lt al t:.-1ous11 ca::.;e 7 oad s hs.J cier.reased, t.he volume of work, particularl~,r in
relatioic. to r)ther Federal and St.Ate progr8.rns, had not declineJ.
~he nork bein? done by t~A State E.R.A. Soci~l Service Divisions in
Ffovember 193C secner tr. f2Jl in-~.o thr c
:relie.f;
gen•Jral groupir.Gs: (1) a-:lministerinc
(2) :.:cnd.ering sPrvices to the iJ/'orl·:s ProgrE:'ss Aclnini stration; a!1d
(3) servi:l{' other Fer_cral an,1 St2tP. p-ro;;ri=vns.
duties nere includer• under e;:,,ch of
tl1,::!'oP.
Vl'hiJ.e r:.t number of specific
fT'"lupings, they wt>re obvio'.1Sly of
•,videly vaTyi;;.g importance.
(J.)
A tl_r., ini stPriY'._g_:rtlief
Ad.r.inistering Sta. 1-e and loc-al relief.
Invest i.gat inf· com1JJ aiEt s frol!'l Washin-?ton and State of fices.
Statistical reportin~ for s~~te E.R.A.
A:1sw'ring requests L--om other State F..R.A. 1 s for inforuation
and casP s1rnm:=-crit,s OE fnrmsr clients aprl;ying for relief in
()ther Stotr:-s.
U~)
_fr-;v:i,s;_'.:~ to the ':'T nrks Prog:::a.'11
Ccrtif~; inl!, norkers to W.P.A. :·.. 0. canceling certific::-stinns.
0 ::;t;:\.inL1f. infunnation on ch::,:1,'!,C in family status of wo1·kcrs.
Investigc1.ting and. 9.t'\ius+.in,7 refusals to accept private em-•
rilovment or i7.F.A. n.ssi t-:-n '.".c rr::s.
Cei·tifying rur3.1 rchabilit:.i,tion clients.
~1rnishine lists of workers for special programs or projccts 1
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4
( :·,;)
~
_§_ervices tC'....._9-t::1er rr,::.12..:DQ
SelectL1f's i:, ,~:::: er' •,j_,•ls el:ip,i'·le for then. Y.A. pr9§'r1m.
Sele0ti".'1,cr ;irlP, f0;· PC..uc[ti.ow:,,::!. cc::~ us.
Certlf;'·hg, ·,"o.r1,:p.rs fnr +,he C.~.C.
Al lac[, t i:1f. ~ur:r:,l us c )mrr.·)1H !·,H's.
0
Several State ri vi sirrns re:-1orted t:iat i ncrea'.".ed st:3.t bt ical work nas
:.:eq1.1irecl of the visiting ~ta-£'f.
In s0r.,e inc,ta.nces this w2s reportin 6 anr'i
statistical wcrk formerly do~e ~y the Accounting Division but now carried by
the visitors because of sb.?fr' rec.uctions.
Ir oi:~1er instances it con:::;isted
of compilinc. statisticA-1 ,fata or maki:n.g surveys for the E.R.A. education.?.l
program, Seil Conservatio:c. Service, R,:; se i~ tlement .An.mini st rat ion, or other
Certificatio11 of former rnral reLa.biJ i t2,tion clients was heavy in
ccrtc1in St.::,.tos.
In Ner: Msxi::o, for in,t'.rnce,
certified during N:ive:nbe:r.
be cert:ified..
2,·.·,uo
f,qn.1i:1 i,2,s wPre to 'be
In Sc,o.tt C~0 :r-olino t~:ere 1vere 1,500 families to
Arizona also reported
.'.l.
l".rg~ r.\1mb8r of certificD.tinns to
bE, made.
?ractic::;,lly every State rer:orted an increasi.i1s number of persons
appl~<inc to the loc.?~l relief offic''.'s for pb.cc1:ient with the W.P.A. or ri.U'al
rehabi 1.i tA.tirm.
':L'he State E.R.A.
strifi:'':', in Arizrma, Wci.shingto;,, anrl :Jinnesota were
pE:rforrniil{", ser7ices in preparation for the St:1.te Sr-cL-::il Sec1.1ri t;; progra;,s,
j_ncluding ecl.:.1cational and. publicit;r work thE .t i1:vo1vc~'. m0eting local £\roups,
1
helpin1..; to pla.;1 legislDtion, anc1 c0nd,._1cting resea::-ch to ctctor:nir..o the extent
of tho r.ocd for certain t;,T»;s 0f c;)r0.
So:Jlc· Stetc E.R.A. 's wore P.lr0aiy
r.1aking i1wcstigations in Ho-rnmbcr 1935 frn· nld
aid to
o.o ()Cnd.o:c1t
':1.gG
and. hlincl assista.nco a.nd
chi lo.ron.
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In a nu,.iber
o:
Sts.tcs the E. 'LA. ,,,
1s
'-'Jvin1 :· !cervices to lnc8.l
3,,.
,E>nc:i cs.
pi ta] iz2,tion in counti<;os ,'rhere c;uch e01•vico r:a.s reo 1 1..eststl by local of::"icns
legally re;,[Jonsible fo1· such 8id.
In
8
fevr Tennessee counties the E.:r~.A.
wor%Pr s v:erc invest i~:at in'=' c.:rne s of unornploy':tble s ana s1J:,x-rvi sing exponc1iture s of count;y f1Jnds for th0m.
L1 Loni sinna the loc;:i,l supervisors lv0.ci.
charge of the -parish ·c':c·lfare units as well a:~ of the E.R.A. units.
Four :3tates rcport.ed that t,he visHin?-" skd'f e1eliver8d nriticos of
'\-.01~~:
assicnr1e:nts to clients in orclcr to facilitat,: the l;lacomcr,t of men at YiOrJ:.
ment Service in counties having r.o office of that acency.
In ma.ny },:ichi;-:c,.~1.
counties visitors w~re writing relief orders either in the office or at home.
Functions in)farch 193C'
rhe a_uties of the S0cial ServicP Divisions as reported_ by 42 Stn.tes in
March 1S'36 crrnlfL sti11 be listed. unr'ler ti1A same t~eneral gro:u:;;ings a:. in
!Tovember out they showed a different emphc,,sis.
relief, mai1:ly limited to unempJ.oynbles,
Wc:J.S
The administration of direct
still e. fu...'1.ction of 24 of the
State orgailizations reportiae.: in "·[,,.rch but w:.ereas this had beAn the chief
responsibility oi practicaJly all of the State Social fervice Divisions
rt'porti.nt:; in :rovemb,:;r, only 14 State 3,t.:enci8s citecl it as thE"' main function
of the org2,nizations in !::arch.
One of thes,:; State agencies ,"as givi:1:-::; re--
lief onJ.y in c,:iorgen.cie s, one ,1ras su.porvi sing ti-Le expe1:-di ture of lc,cal relief f1.,_nd.s, ::1.nc1 ano·cher was suppl.emorJ.tini-:· t;,P, lor.'11 relief gr·c=.nts in special
cases.
Ei._:ht State e.gencies were ar._r:iinistering relief tog:ether with one oi·
rr.ore t;ypes of assistance made availalle throuGh Social Security gr::-.nt s.
Handlint; of corciplaints and inquiries ·.72re still listed as respnnsi·oilities
of local staffs in 11 States.
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6
Services to the Works PrrL•rn.m ·, ,rt' .LtRt:·rl .'y tho majority of the
1
State orgo.nizn.tions in !,:o.rch 19:~G, tut thu orn:i,h.1nis wa.~ mnre on sp0cial
Lwestic:,tion3 and indivHu,cl .rcl.iust1,::mts than on c,_rtification.
Triir-
teen States rerorted th.,,t the wo::·ke"'s ·.-rerr~ rcferri:::ig f,q,mili3s to the
R0settlor.,ent Aclministrn.ti011 or mc1.Jring speci3.l stndi(\S nf the Resettlement
cuso lo,:.d.
Sugg,3sting work .t)rojcctR and 1 is ting r,~liof 1)crsuns avaj L,blo
for employment on these projects wo:::o ~~ctivi ties whic:1. w"lro ropnrtod loss
frequently in l1la-rch th-=u1 in Novornbor.
Cortifico.tion for the Civi:i::1.n ConC\orvcLtion Cor1Js was given as a
. fun~tion of tho lccal units in the spriDg of 1936 by 16 Stc1,te ,:v:encies
and roforr~l to the 1;0.tio::1al Yo· th AdmiP.istration
1.va·-1
cit,:d by 8 a.gencies.
Alloc2,tion of surrli.1s corrunoo.i ti~rn wn.s ~till generally li ;ted.
0
More State L,,genc:.es in March th(ln in }fovumbor l:i.st,3d community interpret':l.tion, publicit~r, or educational work in :;::,roparrLti(,n for a. 1x,rma.nent
State progrem as resro0sibilitioR of t~e staff.
Also, more St~tcs woro
gathering special statistics in Ma.rch or vrere malrinf.' studies with relation
to the develo~1ment ,:,f fut'J.re Stcte cler>artments of welfare.
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7
II.
?.ROCED~}RES IH EF}'EC'i'I~JG REDUCTIOrs IN PE...~somTEL
With the uaduAl liquidation of tl1e State :q:mE'rgenc~; Relief Administrations, it "becc:..1e neces~ary·· t-o r?duce -social wo
scale.
1•
personnel on an exter>sive
In order to dPterffiine what policies were followed in the various
States, the St3:':;e E. R. A. 1 s w0re asked wl:• ether quality of vrork, prepar: Ltion
and trai:iing, sPniori t~.r, or neecl w:::.s the basis usea_
serYice s+,aff m0mbers to be relcasE:d.
j_n
selecting social
Se vera.I a,gencies reported that they
The frcciuoncy
considcr c,3- more than one of th-::i sc point!:; in releasing workers.
with which each point was cht'cked followc:
1
Noye!!lbcr 19.35.
March 1.9.3.fi
Quali t;., of work
28
23
Lael:: of :preparation 9nd training
for wo:.·k
18
20
9
5
12
11
Seniority
lfo •'.:l(1. o:f Yrnrker
2
Otlrnr factors th&.t influonced the s<:lc:ction of pcrro.ns to be released
,rnre r e: quosts f:::om ot'::i.r:r agencies for StR-te E.R.A,., wo1·kcrs, interest of tho
worker i:i cnt( ring other profes::donal fic1 .-· ,:;, ·,,rof ssional attitudes e,'.lcl
loyal t~,, rosid.e"1cG, marriag1; if the worn,3,n I s husband
W-" l,S
em!)loyed, comnnmi ty
pressur·es, and_ lack of poteiltiali ti c- s of the ·vorker for further dcvelop~nent
Quality of work ·.ws reported as tho primary conniden~.tion in both
November 1935 and 1Il'.rch 1936.
In t,ho latt0r month, hmivever, tr,e States rrith
the most participation by the localities tended to emphasize loc:,.,l residence,
length of service, and need (but usually only for tho local resident) aG
consider8.tions in retaining
w3
:ci,
worker.
1Based on reports ofjtOOci
States ancl the :District of C'ol·fijffilrl~ffll'tl
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
2Based on ~E~ (tf?IVERl!5PJer's.
1~198
8
In both November and March the :preprtrat.ion
311d.
training of t1.1e vrorkers
were usually e;iven car"!ful consideration in rel:·tion to their perform8..nce
on the job.
1
'l his
was in acc0rdance with sc,un'.'i -oerscnnel policy and wo,s
particularly necessary due to the wide va-:"iations j.n edueation and experience
of the staffs.
Sev0.ra1 State E.R.A. 1 s h3.cl 9stab1ished definite requirewents
with respect to the education and experience of their personnel, but because
of the nUJnbc:..~ s needed in the emergency relief work, they had h;::i,d to
:;na}:c
many
e~ceptions to those requirements.
Pre-oaring Worker_s_ f3& :t1wkhAPf"e in Prog.t'..9:fil
The Stc,tc E.R.A. 1 s had in gen;ral a:rnurncd responsibility for prepari111~
workers for the cha~we frJm a Fede:ral to a St1:J,te or local relief program.
They h'1d isruec. one or raore gf'neral bulletins to tl'lc staffs J;rior to iTovornbcr 1.
In some instances, they hrtd sup1')lcmcnt0d the hullotins by individual conferences with the field staff or with local administrators, or by confcrc:nc:cs
of the field. rcprost;r:.tativr:::s \·Tith locaJ. staffs.
Efforts had been mad.e to 6 ive
a final noticn from 1 wee1<: to 1 month \if'forc PCbl1ally relPasing a vror 1i::cr.
Agencies t:L~iod to find -positions for work0rs iu :nond in othr=,r phas0s of tho
Fed:;r& lly SUJ:,-ported program ar.d to reta.in qt;alifisd social rrorkers in th0. State by transfers
to other Fc6.ora.l or Sts,tc ag1nci,.·c.
Some workers ~cr0 tran~ferred to tho
Division of Intak0 and Ccrtific9.tion of the ~7forks Progress Admin:i.stra·cion,
1mt those :i,ositirms wo,,.c few in number.
Othur W.P.A. aclministrativo pcsitions
wore fillocl before the State E. R.A. staff redi_;_ctions began or they required
!llora educ,3,tion ann.. experience th;:i,n the visitors possessed.
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l.2198
hc1d retP.inecl y,ro-fession.ally t,raine.t wr-,-ck'-'rs by trrwsferrin~ them from one
local unit to a.nether.
F 1)1.1r RdJJ_tinnc.11 State ::,?;encies rPported s11cc,=,ss
in accornplishin,~ such tranders in 1'.:arch but not i::1 RoveLlbe:;:.
St.q,te Z .R.A. 1 s effer.tecl t-r,qnsfe:rs i,n :november hut not in Mflrch.
NL1e
By Ma,rch
county staffs h'"l,c:t become a local problem, wi tr, no =orovi sicn for St,;;.te
,;;upervi sion or crnt!1ori ty in six of them States and with various complica.tions in the oti1cr three.
In
0::-10,
perso ncl control i1c:d been decentrr>li7ed,
10
but since the State E.n.A. was assisting in raying ad..rninistrative eX!lenscs
in counties meeting ccrbd.n rcr111irer.:8n.t s, it hacl been c1blc to :1old qu.alified worke~·s; in enothcr, th1; E.B..A. :m,s to clos,: in l\'I1:rch; the thirrl. State
1
had no local str-1ff s at that time but j,1;:;,d made pJ an"\ tn employ ,'1,11 avnilable
local qualifi0cl persons when the cm.1nt~
r·.,1.bl.ic .YPlf2re depn,rtments were
1
established.
Three of the State E.R.A. 1 s th.,t reported ret~ining stnff by tr~nsfers
indicated n,,:,·i· the~v w8r'e limi teo. in rursnir10' this lJOlicJr either "by a State
law enforcing seniority as t:1<=: b.'.:•sis of rr•t,~jnin{: staff or by strong comTJ1unity pre.:judice agailrnt workers whr,• w<~re not local r::sid.ents.
Eleven States re_p0rtecl t}1at qu£Jl ifiec: wor1:e:.s had been employPd by
other State or F,·de:cal c1f;cmcies.
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
::..o
12198
III.
PER::OWlITL S'fAHDARIS
The extent of the rclir:f I rotlrm ·,nd th,, sp,,orJ ','Ii th ·:hich Social
Sorvicc Divisions vwrc: e:JtarJlished by Statr: Er,1orgrm,,y Relief Ad,11inistrations
created
d0.ma!1d for a :nucl-i 11.re"r group of sociaJ wo:..·~rrs th.'<.n tho prr:ifcs-
!"'.
sional field_ e-iuld suppl~.r.
training
L'.ncl_
oxporicnco vras
In many loc1.lit.'cn '.'''ffsonncl with the dosircd
not avail'3.1Jlo.
~he personnel roq_1,;.iremcnts of the
St~te E.~.A. 1 s fo~ positions in the local unit2, thor2forc, alth □u~1 b~sod on
professional social work str.nu.ard.:--., werr) a'.laptcd in each State to the .::.w::,,il:•,-olo
pcrsonn:Jle
Ev'Jry effort wn.s mad0 to improve tho calibnr of soci.-=1,l service
stE,ffs m-.1plo~rod by t~w S.E.R.A. 1 s thro-:igh local insti tutcs, through tr·~,ining
at E\ccrcdi tocl. schools of social work fo~ selected pcrsonnnl, and through other
mothocts of in-sorvico training.
This !)art of tl1e prcsont study wa8 undert:ik:cn to present a composit8
picture
rif
th>J 1Jcr::.;om1cl st,:nu."rn.;1 r,::quirE,d by the Social Service Division;; of
the State; E.R.A. 1 s in comp:1.rison with the q1.1--::i,lificatj onr. v1!1ich wore cor_sicler0d
desirabl0.
In res:r,onse to the rciqucf:',t for informc1tlon on personnel qualifications
propA.rod for use by the St'1.to E.R •.A. 1 2, 35 St:-1.to ,"<:;cn.cins ~cnt u~ablo inform'l.tion on. 1
Oi'
more rositions
D,nil.
7 others fnrnfr:11,d inform•'--t,ion on porson_r1ol
practices.
Det~ilcd ~nalysis of trnining and oxpcricnc0 ~nguiremonts and the dogreo of supcrvidon e:~pectod m:::,de possible the classific::'l.tion of visiting
personnel into four groups: soni0r cc..se worker, j'uni0r cgso worki:~r, visitor,
and bee;innL1c worker.
Comp.:::-,rablo dat'l. wore received fro::: 14 St11.tos for thn position of cliroctor,
from 29 Sto,tos fc.,r the position of supervisor, from J.9 States for senior case
worker, from 22 Stn,tos for Junior case ·-rorkcr, from 14 States for visitor, ancl
from :-:i5 St.'.1tcs fo IDi~Dping ,.vorker.
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
2198
11
Boco:nso of diffcrenscs in thn job tith'G usod by vo.rions rgencir.s,
t w.:1s 110coss.:1ry to r:ct up uniform cl,rnificn,tinEs boforo o.nalyzing tho
atcri:11.
T:i..e groupings rmd definitions giv,.
1.
bo::..ow rq)resent tho gonerc~l
rend of the State E.R.A~ cl'1.ssificution c,ystc:ns.
Tho podtiont
o,c;
givoE
n the v2.rious StE'.tc E.R.A. clo.ssifications ho..vn bcon asflig:rwd to those
roups ,tftor
o,
cn.roful consideration 0f definitions ana clnties, 0f quai.lifi-
at ions, of tl!.e size of the Sta to E,R.A. staff, and of such inform[~tion
oncernin~ the form of local orgc.nization as was a'rail2,blc.
TP,blo 1 shous
ho V9.ric..tions in titles includnd under each of thuse cln..ssificr-tions.
.D.cfini t..ion
Title
Ihr:;ctor
Ad.ministr.:-\tor responsible for the coordin'.:stion of
a largo lor,al unit. Not responsible for tho imm0di~to su,ervision of soci~l service visiting staff 0
Rcspunsibla for tha supervision rnd tr~ining of
visiting stnff. Thi~ classifice,,tion includes tho
sur:,:?rvisor who is imr,1odi.'l.tcly in ch:J..rge of a sm.'.111
group of wnrke:r s ~md t be sur,crvi sor in [1. unit so
largr: that her immod.i,'.:'tc con+,.,ct is with assistn.nt
suporvL;ors or distl·ict surcrvisnrB,
Senior c2,se
rrnrkc.,;r_
Responsible for visitin,-:; fo,mi1.ics ia thci:::- homos,
determining eligibility for roliuf and kind and
aTiou..,_t r:f .'\id to b·_· t./ -,n 0 H;:i,ndlos mor0 difficult
c~soJ, mny rssist with supervision of other workers,
require~ lit tl:' s 1 :pcrvi sion. Rcqui:.omont s usu3,lly
include:
(1) pro:ession.'.11 education at an acer ,cU tcd
scl:..ool of soci~l '::ork;
(2) experience vri th an
accrodit~a sociPl ~guncy.
J-c ni o:r~fill
Rosp:rnsible f ,)r vi si tin9· fp,rdlics in their hnme s,
detorrninj_ng oligi 1Jili ty for relief .-i.nd ki '1d :md
amount of nid to be r:;ivGn. Performs dutios of
senior cctse worln:-1r, except for '.'l.ssi flting ·:ri th
supervision of other w0rkors. Requircnents usua1ly
include:
(J.) nrofe ssiono.l c ducation in a"l accroa.i tod
school of soci;l work; nr (2) oxporienco wi tl-i on
accrcdit,·d r·ocial agGnc;n nr (3) n combinn,tion of
such tr~ining ~nd experience; or (41 a period of
experience with the St.<ite E.R.A. o s- beginning
w0rkcr :1-nd visitor•
~1or rnr
1
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
1219~
12
Title
Vi s_i t o:r_
Responsibli:' for Yisitir_g fnmil.i,·s in ti1eir !1orr.':s,
dEotr:>:cmininc:: eli~ihi1it;,r for ;'€'liPf and kind ri.ml
8J:10,mt of 'J.irl t0 1w rivPn. :7or&f.'- u:ril.er srpt?.rvl·~ion
2.nd hfi~1dl.;s no diffjc,ilt Ct sec-·. R~~.tuirem:_"'!l_t: 0 tn
12 rn0nths I t1xpr rir L1C0 ''Ti th reli~f ri,[,ency. A cL,,8if-i_ cat. ion i r.t ,'rmc-clia te 7,ut''f8l: 1:. br· ginni "1.f~ ·:ror~-::,ir :_::,r:_d
,junior cr,s,_' worb::r., SrJm•~t1m,·s a pr,.1,rof2ssion1l
nodtion 'Vith bi[J1nr ec:nc,_1t.i,Jr,al rpqlifiGn.tions t~1r.'n
tho~c rL~1ir0d for tho toginuing worker.
1
R0sp0ns:i.blP. for visitin.r, fo..mili0s in tlwir humcs,
dctormininL; eJ igibili t-,r fo~· roliof n,nd kind p,nd
:=1.mount of rJ.d to be g:l t·n. TTor!cs undor closE' supcrvic1ion. No pr0v:ous training or oxrcrience in social
'.7orJ: or in omort-;:cncy :::-olicf vvork rcc1uirod.
Educdion end Exr1orionc;o Rcq11irC'Ji1cnt_s_
Pructir~lJ 'j' R-11 cduc;_,tion -::mcl experience requirements listocl in tho
st11temcnts s-0_bT'.littod_ by the St:1.te E.R.A. 1 s for this study were characte1·izod
by indeflni to wording that -c1,llo'::ed for w ny inter1Jretations.
Qu'1lific'1tionf
i7erc statrd nit~ a se!'ies of o.lterrn:·tivos thrt might be p,ccopt0d t".nd rlith
8xcoptions to tlie ::i,lternativcs.
Both minimum requircmont s encl de sired q_u.~tlific~1tions were sne cificd.
The latter represent the am,,unt cf education ::me. ez:pcl'icnce considcrC'd
'.I.1h0 rn:tninum rcquircmonts,
subject to 0x-
ceptions ,':1.pprovod by tlw Stn,tc of:"ice, vwro so phrnm,c'l ,'.:-i,s to provide su;f...
ficient loono,y to r:1oet the imP.::-db.te si tu::,ticn.
Tho
a.c sir ore
qualific8.tions for rUrect ors' 'SlliJCrvi sore:;'
8.110
were b2,sod on stanrlarr'ls of the :r.-rofessione.l fh;J,l of Gocial work.
Cc.',,SC
rrorkors,
Altor-
nA.tives rwrc usu,:l,lly t}1o::.;e gi;ron in the requirements for mombe:i:ship in the
Am3rican As:.;ociation of Socio.l TI'or~:c-r::,.
1
1Requi:tomcnt;:; for full m0m'borship in the American Associr.tion of Socio.l
Workors--7 yC':;,Y.'S of prcp[1.ro.tion hi.clnding gcnc::ral c0llcge oducotion,
profossiono.1 ed1..1.catiori.., '"nd social w0rk oxp0rir:mco. Thos:J 7 ;yc,'1rs must
include the following minima:
1. Two years of college work in an accredited coller,e.
2. Twenty semester hours in social and biological sciences.
3. Twenty-four semester hours in approved technical social work courses.
4. Three hundred clock hours of supervised field work.
Directory of Mem'bfil:§__ of the .American Association of Social Workers, 1936,
~t>TH~M~~~ ft~~
1
American
Nl~g~~1tt Workers' New YorrfdRffiwim~l~r~~IVERSITY
T8.ble 1 - VA1i:IATIUrrn I:N TITLES OF POSITIONS HT STATE E.R.A.
SOCI.AL SERVICE DJVISio:r-q-s
z
0
~
I
~
Dir13ctC1:r
Supervisor
Senior 8n~ junior
cBse ,_,rorke,..
t,.r'hrLi.:..~i s tr q,·GC''l'°
C~r:un:l. s s i ci:r:er
Jirec·ccr
:)i i:-P.ct:0't" 'l!l.n
FlXP.c·,,tj_ ":e s13cret'"lry
JirP.c~0r 0f bureau
~i~Pc+:c~ ~r relief
Dist~~Jt ~i,..ectcr
Dis ~;rict :r•..Jlief
C8 se supenris0r
CQS8 w0rk supAr-
Case worker
C8S9 wrr~Ar I II III
mo
J.
Visitor
Bee;innini,;
worker
l/l -·
--j lO
m rt
:;;o ;:::;·
z~
C
z
o'<
<
m
:;;o
l/l
~
visor
Relief supervis0r
Besir1 ent super,risor
Scci'l.l service
r3irecto:r
SU ren1 i Sor
Super·-risor of SC1Ci'l.l
IV
Case wn,..kAr ABC D
Jnn.icr c~.se 'N0T~rnr
Junior social worker
<Junior irisi+:c,r
Soc::.8.l w0r 1rnr
Senior C8.se ~orkAr
S"l""<TiCe
z
0
~
I
~
mo
l/l ..,
--l <.0"
m 3·
:;;o a,
z:::;;
eel
z3
<
m
:;;o
l/l
~
Di~tsioL ~U~Erint;e:nriort
T:;::,--.c;x-l~i-_rp ni ,..ec+:cr
JclL~or c:c;cuti ve
oi:rncto:r
T.,c::nl f1irc,ctrr
S~ciQl sorv~co diroccor
Diractor
Senic,r vi.si to:r
!A<lministrf:l.tor
Tr~ined fiFlld worker
Family visitor
Eo!'le ,risi-tnr
InvAstign:t0r
J1Jnior cr.i.se
worker
Relief wc,rker
Senirr C8.Se '3.ioe
Senior· case
wo:rker
Senior investi_gcd;C'r
Senior visitor
Soc:..al worl~er
Untrttined ficl0
worker
Visitor
Visitor I
, Visito:r- II
Airle
Case 4ir'le
Case wcrb=ir
Case w0rk 'l.ide
Fa.mil;v "'Tisi tcr.
Home visitor
Investig<;ttor
Junior c<1se s.ir1e
Junior investi_8;'3.tor
F..elief ~.i.ide
Visitor's aide
12198
14
The desired and the m.i..iimum edncnl ional requirements for the six
types of positions ··<'J.re shown in table 2.
The minimum requirements are of
greater inteTcst than the others since thfW more nFlarly approximate the
qualifications of persons vrho were available.
Q.ual ifications were r.1orJ dcfini t ·:ly st;1ted for the beginning worker
than for the su~ervisor or director.
Out of 35 states, ~l listed minimum
requirements for th0 inexperienced Ymrker while only 22 out of 29 States
named minimum requirements for the position of supervisor and 7 out of 14
for the position of director (table 2).
For dir0ctors, suncrvisors, anu senior and junior case workers 63 of
the 84 positions spccifiecl college gradTu'.ltion and professional education
RS
desired qualifications, while only 6 inch1decl both as minimum require-
ments.
Of 3!') St2.te E.R.A,. 1 s, ;~g specified a collese do,p;ree as desirable
for beginning workers, but onl;y 9 specified a cnllego drlgree or its equi valent as a minimum requirement.
Seven out of fourteen St&to agencies listed a college degree plus
profossion,q,l training nt an accredited school of social work as a desired
qualification for directing personnel.
Only one State agency made a
college degree and yirofessional education a minimum requirement for
directors (table 2).
T•i!enty-trro out of t,7enty-nin0 positions of supervisors made professional
educ11.tion
n,
desired quRlificn.tion.
C0rtification at an accredited school
of social Hork Has spoci.fied in 12 c-'1.ses (t8.hlo 3).
of supervisor c:,llocl for profossionn.l education as
Onl;l four positions
rt
minim'\L'71 rcq 1irement
1
(t,qble 2).
Dig~ ized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
.....
N
I-'
<:.u
co
z
0
Tahle 2 - EDUCATIOrAL LEQUHKIE~JTS BY I-Hf.iBLH OF STATES 1EPCRTIHG Ar0 'FFE
~
:r:
ov
: :->GSJTIOIT
-~6:;c======
=======
======= =====-= ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= =======
'-9.
m~.
z~
I
i
2
coI
2.
II
(./) ~
-l
:::0
N
z'<
~iR;1.1.
11:-:i,~in~sc:1eol 1Snne
itRly !~ra11u-lcc~sta+erl~~ion
le-A
,-,
:::0
L/l
I'rpe of
:;!
pc- s :l t:. c-:.1.
S· ,)P.rv:i.s c,r
s. ::i.:;.., ~-
~., s ~
vvr:rker
'I'ctal
I
14
f
29
I
I
1
§ JtD1inr·
oF,~r-8e '3.nrl
professional
educ'"l.tion 1
lefse
! :_ ac;o ·,'1Rgree
~;:_il-· \
2
I
CB.Se
vrcrkel'
22
~ilis:;. t,r
l)..;.
~ ~ n-·innir:cz 3'" '
-.
I
m
~
i
w·nker
y~B.rs ':; C' 1-·
1
3
l
/
7
8c~R
c0l-
collA~~
8t<i..t:9A qt;_rn
lf?.i::-e
'3.l ·"',' .L
7
22
0
IJ 0t
Hi?.;h
-,~fin- scl'.001
i tAly 1~ntriu-
2 0-/
7
-
I -
-
I -
1
·
35
II
I
!
-
1
! -
I
1
.
5
I -
1
I
11-~
I
!
I
I
C0lle12:A
}"eA.rs
<' Y
e
~e~rA~_ :lV1C'r- Aqu:i.v-
3
3
1
5
l-.l.
,
1
1
1
l,j
16
22
-
l .'.i.
1·
1
1
-
Cc~legP.
years crllAgP-
rlegrAe
8..Il., -c,rcfes-
anr'l rr0fessicn~l
sional e~ucatirnl a:1r'l
exT'e""ierce
i:tl,=,11ip-,uca-ticnl
---1------~
-------l..-- --'-------
I-
1
0
<
C0l1Age
I
z
~
I I
I
1-rot
<
m
l
1
1
8
6
6
..l
1
j!
'
j
j L~
2
29
.
I 35
L!.
I 11
11
S
1
1
1
iL...-.---'--I
i -+-----;.._'
!
l
!
l
----------'- ----~----'-- ---L--~---- --1--------- -'--------L---- -----I
1
'j
1
-
\
1
_ _ _ _ _ __j__ _ _. . __ _ _
:;/ 1 Inc 1u·hs Ai ther
unr'le.rg;rarluat"l
or ~ranuatA work.
I-'
C)l
12198
16
Taole 3 - LENGTH OF PROFESSI0NAL EDUCATION AND EXPERIENCE IN DESIRED
Q,tTALIFI CA'U ONS FOR SUPERVISOR BY NUMBER
OF POSITIONS REPORTED
-
Exnerience wi.th a reco~nized nublic or nrivate n.e:ency
5
3
4
2
1
I
yen.rs I
years
vears
vears
Total 1 'I vear
Professional education
in an accrPdited school
of socinl vrork
Total
27
None required
5
Degree from under-graduate school
2
1 quarter graduate work
l
I
4
6
12
4
1
1
1
2
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
1
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
.,.
-
2
-
-
2
1
6
2
1
I
i
I
I
2
quarters or 1 semester
gr;:i duate work
1 year graduate Yrnrk
4
I
1
II
I
I
I
2 years graduate work
2
12
Certificate
I
I
1 Information furnished by 21 of the 29 States (table 2); 4 gave requirements for
2 supervisory positions a nd 1 for 3.
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
-
12198
17
Professional education wns spPcified ci.s n desired qualificntion for
all but 1 of the 19 senior case worker positions o.nd n11 but 6 of the 22
junior case worker positions reported (tnble 2).
work were most often snocified ( table b.i:).
Two quarters of grr,,duate
Only one of the senior case
worker positions c=md none of the junior case worker po_s-i tion,; mnde professional educ[:.tion plus
,'l
college degree a minimum requirement ( table 2).
Additional OJ1."J)eri0nco was accepted in lieu of profossionnl educqtion
for rtll positions of supervisor n.nd senior and junior case vrorkcr.
Professional educrction was not required for any positions of visitor
or beginning worker.
Experience ,7as required. for all positions of director n.nd supervisor
(table 5).
Out of 14 n.gencies reporting qualifications for director, 6
accepted experience v1ith a recognized social agency, plus administrative
and executive experience, and 8 did not stn.te the nature of accept[',ble
experience.
Socic1.l agency experience was most frequently cited as the
acceptable background of supervisors rmd senior case vlorkers.
Most of the rc.q_·(1.ir1::ments for supervisors specified a definite period
of professional experie:1ce, usually 3 years ( table 3).
Tvm years vras the
period usually specified for senior case 17orkers ( table 4).
Usually no
experience was required of junior case vrorkers ( table 4), but States requiring no previous experience of junior cese workors did reriuire professionn,l training.
Emergency relief experience was expected of all visitors.
Most of
the 35 State E.R.A. 1 s giving qu-::i,lifice.tions for beginning 17orkcrs did not
cite the kind of previous experience desired, or mnde only some ger;.eral
stetcment, such as "some exporiencc nith people."
Digitized by
, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
18
12198
'l'able 4 - L..JJNGTH OJc' PRCFESSI CNAL "EDUCATION AND .EXPE:i.IENCE IN DESIRED
Q,UALIFICATIONS }'OR SEHIOR AND J"U'.HOR CASE WORKERS
BY NUHBER OF STAT~S m:PORTING
Experience with a recob!lized _pnblic or private a 0;ency
Professiong,l ed1.1.cation.
Junior case worker 1
i
i-----S-e-n~i._or--c-·n"'se~rvorker
in an accreditec,
3
2
j
I 6 1
:
11
school of
2 I 3
6 11
TotRl' Non~ m0~: • ..xr_. vrs.iyrs. Ii TotaliNone mos. vr. v-rs. vrs.
social work
!I
I
19
'i" otal
None require<'!.
Degree from undergradwte school
2
1 quarter gradu;:ite
work
1
2 quarters gradUFtte
work
2
.- II
I -
i
I-
I 1
71
1 year graduate work
311
2 yearn graduate work
1
10
2
1-
-
-
I
i
I
Ii
I
- '-
!
20 j 15
11!
I
l
3
-
1
I-
I
2
2
1
1
1
I
2
!I
i
I
Ii
1
2
I!
IJ
II
I
1
-
-1-
I- - -
5_-'-1_-__3____
.,_i_ _
1
l
11
I
_c_er_t_i_f_i_c_a_t_e________
·
4
II
4 l 1
~
1
1_ - _ ~ __
1
.i
10 i · 8
1
l
I
I
-
I
31
-
,I
1
1
__.1!_ _~_,____,1_1____
3
-
.l [ - ......i_-_
_j __1--1...!_-_l__
Exclusive of 2 States for which cletn.iled da.tr:t were not available.
Digitized by
Original from
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
_,___-_
12198
19
Table 5 - PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE ACCEPTED BY N(JliffiER OF STATES
REP03.TING AND TYPE OF POSITiilNl
Type of
position
Director
Supervisor
Senior case
worker
Junior case
worker
Visitor
Beginning
worker
Total 2
.Admini strc1;w
· Erner- tive or
Social gency execu•.
agency relief tive
-
Supervisor;y·
expericnce in
social
agency
14
6
1
6
...
~9
27
5
l
14
19
18
1
-
-
22
19
14
-
2
14
-
35
-
-
-
-
Not
defi- None
Sales
:le la tea. mane,1,ge- ni tely reiiela.s 3 rncnt
stated q11ired
---
-
'
8
...
-
.,,
1
...
-
20
2
1
-
-
2
-
....
-
13
-
-
...
~ Includes both minirrrum requirements and o..esired qu.alific2tions.
The total number of States giving info1·mation on the positions of director and
supervisor does not equal the sum of t,1e correspondtng frequencies in the following
columns because some States specified several kinds of previous experie~ce.
3 Usually defir.ed as II some work· with people", such as teaching, nursing, rocroation,
nutrition, C'haracter building, and personnel and industrial. relations.
Digitized by
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20
The qualifiC"'aticns stresser'l points trot "re CCJnsidered of particulRr
importance to tho States.
11
S8ver.:1l, for uxnmple, ,:-rnphr-1.,sizcd that the v.rorker
shn,11 not be rol::i.tod. to n.ny locol county official. 11
Three gmre ~s one
qualification for the nosition of n.ir8ctor that tho n.pplicant 1aust b8 n.n
out ... of-county person.
0t:1ers inclu.ded. the
11
uso of r~ car 11 in the qualifi-
cations.
El1.gihility for work re-:1.ief vm::; not mentioned n.s
f'.
bc'sis for employ-
ment of administrr>.,tive st:.df, but questions on tho economic stn.tus of tho
workers Rppo,::i.,rcd on practic'.>lly c..11 .'Y!)J)lication forms
( see appendix A).
The d.egree to nhich tlli.s inform,,.tion •,ms 11,c-t1.12.lly used in employin[ stn..ff
is not knoun.
The leadership of m,~rw communi.ti8s failed to distinguish
between project norkcrs Mel ,qchnir"istrr,Jivo stP..ff, criticized arlministrative costs, [1,Yld fnvnred employing pcrson'1,_:l or. tbJ b~sis of need.
Although
the State E.R.A. 1 s mriy not h,we intondod to consir'l.9r the economic stn.tus of
the prospective norkcr r~s the deciding f,e:,_ctor, loc:,1 opinio:1 in m'.t.ny pln,ces
forced them to do so.
Personal Q~~lific~tions
Seven Stn.to ngencics furnished
qualities.
A.
JtP:.temcnt of desired personality
All but one of the StRtes ml:'.king job ~n~lyses of the State
E.R.A. positions in 19~:S4 for nll n-ork rind rolief posEions included such
stE~tement s.
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21
This does not r:1ean tl1'l.t
_
the pers,.1n-uity of the uorker was not an
import~nt fr.ctor in employing str ff.
The provisions for exceptions to
educn.t i onal and PXpArinice req_ui.rement s .qnd the letters received from
the Social Service Divisi0ns shov, th.qt ·educntion- and experience plus the
indi vidu.c~l y;orker I s ability Here of primary concern. ·
Education and experii::mce c'"tn be measured in terms of degrees or years,
but any evaluatton of personal qualities is be,sed on the judgment of one
or more persons.
The meaning of any such judgment depends upon the 8.bility
of the persons respnnsible for interviewing and e~ploying staff.
However,
a listing of desired perso:r.al qurlities h--i,s value in rmy personnel qualifice,tions prepo,red for general use or publicc1tion by a public orgHnization.
Such
Et
~tatement should bi: as comprr-:!hensi ve
13.ny fe.ctor
P.S
im}Jorto.nt
-'"-S
A.S
possible Rnd should inc.l ude
thn por::.inm1.l i ty of t l1.e •.-rorker thrtt may be used
as a b~sis for refusing to employ~ person.
The porson11:i.i t:.r rcqu:i.remont s mr)St frequently ir.cl uded in the statements
from the seven Stat0s viE:>re r8sourcefulness, 0-bili ty to work vJi th people,
good judgnont, trcct, and poise.
Difficult~ es in Mc,ting Persor.nel Rcquireme:g,ts
An anaJ.ysi s of State E .R.A. personneJ. stA.ndards Hould be uns.-,,ti sfa.ctory
unless it indicated the degree to nhich the t:tandn.rd.s nere applied.
Many
State requirements nero adopted before the St?.te E.R.A. 1 s knew the size
of the problem ahead of them 0r t.he difficulties in staffing the organization.
Hence, it is not surprising that the personnel st1.1ndc1.rds often could
not be enforced.
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Prncticolly o.11 of the St'.'te Arlm ini st rr1,t ors roportecl difficulty in
applyinr, the stand'trds,2
The re"sons l.';enern1ly given TTere:
(1) scn.rcity
of professionr,l trn.ined personnel; (2) lor, eoucntirmal levels in communities so thn,t collcg0 peopl,: ,·,ore not :-rvn.ilc1ble for tho position of visitor;
(3) the genernl opinion thn.t persons in need should fill P'.11 positions;
(4) St,'."l,te residence req1..,1.irements; (5) reluctnnco of local communities to
accept nonrc,sident i,7orkers; FLnd (6) politic,ql prossuro.
In one State uhere there were few parsons tr~inod for 0mer~ency
relief r:ork, out nhere there v1as gr0nt pros sure from the communi ti(,s to
consider nge o,s
r,.
primn.ry qu..-i,lificrdirm, tho E,R,A. roquirorlof super-
visors a college degrer: or its equi vPlcnt, or gr/".d.Uc•,tion from high school
11ith 2 yen.rs of social r:ork experience.
This stipulri.tion did not prevent
the cmployJl'lcnt of botter quri.J.ificd personnel if :::-,uch i7ri.s .'1.vrd.ln,blo, but it
did meet the immudir,t e prnblem, since tho mr,j ori ty of persons '.7ho ,:ere considered unqu':.lificd for the emergency relief '7ork ,.1cro beb-:cen 40 nnd E,O years
of age r,,r1d hr-vl nnt n.tt0na.nd colJ.cr;n.
Provi sic~1 Hn,s mr,clo for exceptions to
this requirement sub.ject to tho npprovr:i.l of tho Stn.tc of.fico.
In their effort to mn};:e the qur-,,lific· 1 .tirms prn.cticn.blo, t\70 Stc1.te
c1,goncies, ).~nstrictcrl in n.ppoi.ntmicnts to persons i::ho ,,7ere residents nf the
State ~-~ld ~1,wing :rr,:,.cticr,lly no trn.ined pcr~vmnol n..vr,il2-blc, required no
profession[>.l educf'tion or experience,
2
Sec appendix C for quotations from tYJ)ical lettars fro1;J the State E.R.A.
officinls shcr.'ing the pr0blcms they mot ':1 i th in obk,,ining qun,lificd
personnel.
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23
nr.
SALA..--:.IES AND VACATIONS
SevEmty-fi VC' dnll.·ws a month nns the minimum
88.ltuy
most frequently
roported for boginning µorkers in St~te Emereency Relief or~n.nizntions.
Tho
range nas from $50 o. month, reported in tno Stc\."ccs, to $2-25, r 3po:-ted in one
1
StatA,
Onn-third of t~e Sta~os reporting the position of visitor stAted
th::,_t $90 n. month rras the minimum S[llary.
In some instances th1J S.'l.lrtry rnn,ge
for visitors ovorlapped thr,t c,f beginning worke1·s; in sor:ic, it be 6 an 8.t
P,
point $5 or $10 }1ig17.er; 0.11.d in som.~ the minimum coir:cidod ':7i th the top of tho
r,mgo for beginning vrorkers.
The minimum S'7,lo.rics 6 iv(:n ,·.-ith .e;re~test freq"J.oncy for tho other groups
were:
Ju1,ior cr,se norker
Senior cn.se wo~:er
Su"f)orvi sor
Director
$J.OO a month
~125 8, month
$150 cl. month
$200 n month
So m.-,,ny fr,ctors ·,1erc invr.lv0d in rstr,bU shin~ n, ::-,n.l.'l.ry system thnt
much more d.'.',t.'."1. nou,ln. h'."tvo ber:n rH.:o<led to rnnke n, C')mp0.r/ltive study.
living .:-,nd loc2.l ,1P.,t;;e lov•-.)1s <1.f:'.'0.ctnd thu oatire S,'"'.18.ry scrue.
st,,.,ffs rdfected sr-lc'..rier. pc~id to direct --:1r:-: n.:1d cupcrviso:-s,
The cost of
Size of locc•,l
Vi si tnr::, 1 scl 'trios
vr-rii::d from Sto,to to State depending upon \7het':1.er or not f'.110;7,9,r..ce for transpcrtn,ticn nas included.
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24
Some St.-:ites ha0. est,;1.:c..J isheLl n:il
:1.r~
cs rm ti10 b::i,si,; of pnpul&,ti.on, or
pop"tl1.ation and caso lo::i,d; 0thcrs on c:1.,,e load, d:rn of staff, and diffic1..uties in the local situation.
Some Staten had a narrow range in salary
for the positions of director and s 1 1pc,..vi,wr and. b fl,scd any one sc-i.lary with-
in this limited ranp;o on the pre1,aration of the individual -rmrker.
Stat~s
with urban centers ~nd large concentrations of c~so load had the widest
salq,ry ranges for the top positions.
For exr>.mplc, thr; sn.lary range for
directors tn one State r:as from $2Q0 to $500 per month, md for surervisors,
from $135 to $375.
This St~te hnd between 5,000 and 7,500 workers on tho
St[',te E.P..A. staff, r:i th hr,,lf of tha c.'\Se 10~1,d and ovor half of the staff
locP,ted in 2 ~itics.
E.R.A. stnff Qnd
11
Another State, TTith J.ess thrm 500 on tho totri,l State
ith no ln.rGE: cithis, ronCJrted r, salary rtmge of t100 to
$200 per month for tl-:e posi tic,n of dir.:ctnr r-tnd :~90 t
1l
$1:~5 for t':le position
of supervisor.
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25
Professiondl ed.ucn.tion
paid,
[Hld
expL·ri"en::e w,_ re recosnizcrl in the salaries
One State reported a sal3.ry rr,,n~c of $1:')(1 to $13() for untrained
supervisors ancl of $130 to $165 for SU:,"'ervi sors with :~rofessional oxperi.ence •
Beginning workers '.rvho harl. :::,qti sfe.ctorily cor;1plded an institute
given b;; the State trainint: deparb1ent received $10 me.re r:. me-nth than
those who had not received such training.
11
One State agency stated that
graduation from an accredited school of soc:i.al work or ao.vancod study
shall be recognized by additional salar;r. 11
Ability and res:ronsi bil ity al so were usually ;;onsiderf'd in dotermining salaries, except for "beginninr workers.
On,) State agency made
provision for salary recognition of workers who had bc1.m employed. for a
number of years and
1 ✓ ho
ha,1 shown e.:-:ceptional a::iility and had assumed ad-
ministr:1tive respo:r..sicility, -0l-:.t who, hccanse of tnAir educational background, could not meet the re7.uiromPnts for tho position of junior case
worker.
On the other hand, throe StA.tC' ar.::oncies in listing positions held
by workers without prof8ssional b2ckcro1md statecl t 1.1at these workers '.7ere
not eligible for ,remotion and v-:cmld brJ replaced ri,s soon as possible.
Three State af~onciea provtdert systems of salary incrcr_:ses for unt:tR,inod workers at 6-month intorvals.
Ono State D.~enc;:,-· stipull:'.ted thg,t
no person could b.:; r,3commcn.ded for any ircrc~sc un.til hr_· or she had been
employed 3 months.
In all Stn.tes reporting S.'.1.laries
there had 'hcon an effort to estab-
lish sP1,l:1rL:,s for p,,ny given position on e,n oqu!ll basis throw::;hout thG State
and to relate the sr-i,lr1rif'S to tho~c naid in rvljn~ont Str-.,tos for similar
work.
Digitized by
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26
Of 20 Sttcte agencies furnishirn.:; inf':lrm~ti.on on pair'!. v.·1.cntion nnd
sick lenve, 10 reporte,i th'lt they
service (tf',bl8 6).
g,"Vt.'
2 we8Vs' paid vnc,'l.tinn for a ~reo.r 1 s
One Sb.te g."·re pc1ic1 vr_,c;,,tion to S'J.pervisor-, only, and
one State 6 ave o. lor.ger p~'riCld to the visiting anr'l. ,urJervisory st. ,ff than
0
to the clerical workers.
H.1.lf of the vac,,tinn :1eriod war, given for 6
months I service in most instn.nces.
All but 2 of the ~;0 Stn.tes f.'.rc·rn som0
sick leave with rey.
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27
Tnble 6 - TI:v!B ALL01VED AS PAID VACA'.i.'ION AND' SICK LEAVE FOR ONE YEA3. 1 S
co~r1rn:ruous SERVICE BY 1::-tJMBER OF STJ;.TES REPOB.Tnm
- - - - - -------~=-=:;:::::::::::::=::::=:===========;::=:==================
y
tion~---__,______..S.ick leave _____
Time :-,llowea
20
None
Ini1.iyj_du1:1,l 1Jasi s
1 rreel:
2 v:eel:s
15 d"l.;y-s
30 d.:i.ys
20
-
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
10
6
l
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28
In 22 Stnt~s the ~gJncy or ngenci(s that wore to bo rosponsiblo for
olief, c.t 1cc-.st for tr1c ycrlr 1936, h:-td been detor:ninod by ~far ch.
Tho
·n.ctnrs o.,ffccting porronnol chongos in those States, t:b.cr,-forc, o,rc of cs1cci:·~1 int,Jrc;:;t.
EiF.htr.cn of the t'.venty-two St.3,tes ensvmrod thu roq_u'--st
'or info:..·,11c•,tion on pc-·rsnnnol 3t;:i,1d.ards for thfl Socir<-1 Service Division
:taff.
Tuo treilds were show:n -D;r this group of Stg,tes in Mq,rch 1926:
(1) a,
·eturn of :,oerscnnel control to the local a<'iministrative unit; anc. (2) re ...
luction of nd"'.linist:::--ative expense.
In six St~.tec in w".-lich personnel
LUthori ty h:;i,d been centralizen under the E.R.A., selection and ay,potntIBnt of local personnel were now tho direct responsibility of the loc8-l
mblic 1·relfare departm0nt s or bon.rds.
In six otl:cr Sk:,te s with Stn.te
·esponsibility for pr-rsonnol require:m2:-1ts an,1. ay,pointmm,ts, staffs had
leen cut boc.:1uso of reduced r:i,dministrativ,J bu<'1gcts, failure to approprici,to
1oney for G[1l:.1ries, nr discoati:i'.lnc.nco of services because of insufficient
:unds to cmrlo;,; adoq1:.1.tt'.' staff.
Five r1ddi tional State agei:cics in vihich
)ersonnril r>,uthori ty hr,_d become a locrl rcsrondbili ty reported a.1·:1stic rcluctions in stci.ff ann 0fforts to reduc0 a.d111il"l.istrative costs.
In
0110
of
;he five St~tcs the entire staff in two counties~~~ half of tho staff in two
lther counties h:sd been r0leascd, anc: there seemed to be a strong mov,Jmc:1t
;o ho,vo relief admin~ strro<'1. b7 l0cal cJ.ected r,fficic,,l::;.
In another St,r1.,to
mch a cho.ngo had all·o~cdy boeu mr,,de in eight r.ountir:s.
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29
In the rem,,ininf, four StE'tl]s for d1ich rl.,.t,..,. were av.~,il'J.bl1"' snlection :md
3.ppoint;11C~nt oi' norkurs 1,ad be!?n n. l oc:1.l rosp0r1sibility under tho E,R,A.
Two of these States had requited certain qualifications of the local staffs
as a co::wi tion of r2imbur sen!ent of solariec., and the other two had constD,ntly emrhasiz0.d the im:rio:rtance of qualified personnPl.
In 16 States the E.P..A.
had controlled personnel appointments either by centralized approval of the
qualifications cf persons employed,, er by the establishment of eligible lists
of candidates from which the loc8.l unit might select workers,
Tvrn States
did not furnish clefinitc information on the Jllf~thods of handling personnel
under the E.R,A, or under the succeeding organization.
A further trenc_ s0.en in the reports was the increased nccessi ty of
considering local rrejudices i!'. employiri.g ,.,taff.
R,,sidence, both State
and. local, a problem und_er the E,R,A,, h2d becom0 a definite factor in the
selection of staff in 13 of the 22 Stntrs,
Nine of those were States in
which personnel had 'been returned to the local units, but in the other
four, there was a strong resistance to out-of-State -personnel for the
State office or for supcrvis01·y positions, or to the transfer of qualified
workers from ono county to another.
In three States residence and seniority
were considered first by the local boards in retaining staff.
One State
reported a tondenc;y to replace experiE-nced workers by local residents without trainine; or experience,
Where pcrson~1el was a locctl responsibility• the
retaining of 8).."JlCriencod per sour.el depGnded largely upon the accopta.bili ty
of the local worker to tl~.e comrriuni ty,
In three States, the E.R.A.
W!:ts
pa,ying pa.rt or alJ of the salaries
of supervisors and visitors in couritics employine; qualified personnel.
In
two of those States this policy could be continued throughout the year, but
in the other Stat~ gitjmg bt eimbursement was to cease on J~,1:t_gtytallfr,rm1936,
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
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12198
30
On th~ othAr h:_,nn, '.vorkvrs who qttei1dcd. A.cr.rc:clitE'a. rchnolf of soci . . .,l
work with F.E.R.A. assist~nce had b~on rotoin-d in practically every State,
either in
~l,b_,..._
~
c+ te .~RA
·
'·"'a
__ • • • or in
tl
·1•'
"T,
tm~nt
p,rm·1nLn,t ·-:0. 1r:,,r ~__ ao,,..,ar
,~ •
staff mcr;ibr;rs retained in both the St'ltf
DCTJ:.
The
rtrn0nt of Welfare rnd tho lncal
units in one State 112d had from J. to 2 ;years' reli8f experim1ce 2nd haa all
attenr.ed E.R.A. insti tntes.
Nine p:"ofessionally trai11ed workers had bEen
added to tho staff ~.n one St'lte, anrl three were to bo arlded in c,nother.
All
profoss.:.0 11aJ.l:r traiued V'orlr:ers forrn•"rly with the State E.R.A. had been
transferred to the n,:w clepartr;1ont of wL,lfare in 2nother Stat<'.
Ir. f0ur States wHh loc:al rc,rnonsibilit;y for pJrsonnel, local groups
had. in m?n:r iiistancos shonn a d,3sir0 to continu,·· the sam8 staff.
In one
State 60 prrcor:.t of t:1c form0.r E.R.A. st!'Li'f h:,,d "boon cmployoo by locaJ boarrs.
In anotl:cr St:-:~tc many loc·o.l der•'.J.rtm1,r1t,;
consulted tho State Socinl Service
Division for aavicc :-s to v.rhich :r.1cm~1 r:r2, of f 1rm·r ~.R.A. st3,ffs s½ould be retaincd.
In the other t,7o Stci,tcs l0cc1l autl,ori ti,•s lnd, in s0voral irn,tanccs,
ThrrinG tho roriod when F.E.R.1.. funr:_s ·:-or,.) avc1.ilc1ble for ad:nir.istratinn,
the Stci,7,C :S.R.A. 1 s li.511 an um.1su?.l rlcgruc of fres;com in personnel mt=tttrrs a~
comps.rec1.. to t~:,_ect cxcrcir,ecl by othcJ.· gov1Srnmont rlop:1rtr1cn+,s in the St,'J.tcs.
"Local jo·:JS for loc,,,l pcoplo 11 is a. concept too dc•oj;,}y ingrained in most comrrrunitio:-, to
oo
eradj_c,•.tc·d in 3 or 3 ;r::iars.
difficult for tho State E.R.A.
1 c;
to be articu1fl,tG conccrrd.ng qu:·.lific2,tinns.
Much emrloymcnt •,:as on esn indiv~.rluaJ. '.),,.sis to meet t:.10 immediate situatic,n.
n,ctuo.l pr:,,ctico coula. scltlom bo r1°~._c.1.:..::c:d in terms of rm cc;t,..,,blishocl stonclc..rcl.
Whether the prcsor:.t pt':i.'f:,')nr.Jl trcnr,.c; rcprcscr.t
:-1
f:_,r1T1c::,rd. or o. bA.ckward
31
12198
Appendix A
INFOR:,lATION F.EQ,UESTE:D Oi.f STA 1IE E.F..A. SOCIAL WORK APPLICAT:i:0:N"
FORMS, ARRANG};D .ALPHABBTICALLY :SY SUBJECT
VETH 'I'Y:'ICAf~ Q,HESTIONS
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INFOIUIATIOH RE~UBJSTE:D OlT S't'AT~ E.R.1~. SOCIAL WOJ.K APPLICATIOU
FORJ"rs, A9.icANGED ALFHAl;F,TICA1LY BY SUBJECT
WITH TYPICAL ~U.!!;STIONsl
1.
Name nnd Adrg~s-s. - Pre r:eut nnd permanent.
Date 0f birth.
Birthplace.
Married, single, divorcen.., widow 0r widower, separ8,ted.
Mai aen Il!'L'ile.
2.
Cha.racter - Have you teen .3,rresteJ., complained of, indicted for,
or convicted of any violation of the law? If so, give
deta.ils 11
Have you ever been bonded?
HavB you ever been rejected fo'r a bond?
To whq_t e:x.tend do you smoke, drj_nk, chew tobacco?
3.
.Pi tizc-nshir.....3ni R::Jsidence - Citizenship ~ native or naturalizecU
Eow long in ~ounty? How long in State?
I:egal residence - vrard. - count;: - St.::,,te.
Voting resin..oncc.
Number years in F. S. Number yE:ars ir:. State.
Have ~:ou ueen a 1,~~al r1esident of the State? When?
4.
De ,xmd.ent §. - Age and rela tiorislc.ip.
VT::1.at :t'o.mily re sr,onsi-bili ties h:,,ve yo,1?
How many persons A.re pc1~tial ly depe.nd.ent on you?
f.,.
EconoDic Status - Do you live with pF,rents, rela,tives, wife or
husban~, or alono?
.Are you en:ployed at present? Salary?
Eave you over ~ppliPd for rsJiof or r0c0ived relief?
If so, gj_ve name arid ac•di·ess 0f 9.senc;y.
Members of your family that nrA w0rl:ing-,
income.
6.
Employer and
Eclucation - Nu.r<1."ber of years - na1:1e of schooJ. - location - degree certificqte or diploma,
Eleme:::1tary schJol.
High school.
College or univArsity.
Technic3,l scLool.
GrAdur1.te work.
Courses com~JJ.eted i.n social sciences.
vr.1at sub.jects were your :~,ajors and minors in college?
1 Bg,sed
on
forr:1s used in Alab~·ma, Arizona, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Nebraska,
Nevada, North Dakota t Pennsyl i"G,nia, S0 11th Carolina, and Wisconsin.
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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
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Co11.rs0s, instrnct0rs, univnl'sity, ancl er.edits in a.ny of the
f oJ.l owing snb,j,:ct s:
AgricuJ turc
Dietetics
Ecor.omics
En,~ineerj_ng
Law
Nursing
Ps~'cholocy
?ntlic Health
S0ch.l Wori:c
Sociology
:Business Marrn.gcmont
Ins ti tuti0nal M.1.na~em':lnt
Office Management
?er~..,onnel Management
Rese2rch and St-3.tistics
Give na'lles of ary r:-ubject y0u ha v0 :1.?..d. j n your educ::itional
·'.::r-tining w~1ich p,3rtain to tl:e •,o:·•·.-,ioi. for which yo1.1 are
aFnlying.
7.
Ernplo ~-ment :::e_QQrd - Positions held in ::,ocial work.
1
E;;-ip1oyer.
Aiclr-0 ~ s.
Pr sit ion.
:'r om -To -- •
Reuson for leavin~.
Firm - ar'lc.ress - supervi;:;or - pos::.tion - salary.
?Ja~10 and ad<'1.ress 0.mploy.3r - busine:::s.
Position you held - fro~
to -- •
Nunt'ber y,:n1 supervised.
S:112.ry.
K::.u1e of i1.;mecli8.L8 0u-porvisor.
te ~so n for leaving.
An;,- addi tiona.1 spc,.,.ial or :t)r1rt-time work not ccvered. in a·bove
C' :pcrif'ncP rrcord v1hich ;r0u be 1 ieve fits you for the position
for which you :=u·e c1.pi:,:'..yi~g.
S:p•Jcir1.l questir:ins on e:~perier..ce:
'\'foat do you con.sin.Er :/our norw...:.1 occupation?
Whc".t office mar.hines do ;y·o 1 -:. onur::te?
Typing speed? Di:::tatio::-. speer1?
Are you a not .'3.ry?
Kines of vrork for which ;rr 1 C''..,. .s:i., _er yonrsP-lf qur-i.lified. in
order of ;:1011r preferer.ce.
In what locAli t:y- do ;:rou. :.rirofer to work?
Kind of social wo::-:k r:ireferrea.•
8.
Go•rern1.1c11t :BJ:11p1oyrncnt of Arrµ1 i,:;Pnt - MiJ.:i.tar;,,,- record - Civil Sc.rvico
cxar.1in2.tions. Gran.es-Have you been employed by the State E.R.1~. 'before?
Y!hore?
Have you filed your personal record with the St2.te E.R.A.?
illlen and where?
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9.
Gove~cnmont Se n•ice - R,::: lativlis 8J11ployed.
Names, ad.dresses, anrl _posit.ions of first and second. degree
relatives in any t;ov,crnr.,ent emplo;ym,:mt in the State.
Employed in any office of State E.R.A.?
Nal".les and ad.dresses of 8.ll relativeq who are city or county
offic:als or members of tho relief b oard.
10. Physicc1J. Health - Date of la.st physical examinatio n.
Illnesses, diagn9ses, dates, recovery.
Physician 1 s name.
Do y0u •:1 ear glasses?
Were yo--..1 ever refused insurance?
P:iysical handicaps. Describe.
Wh;r?
11. Reference s - If empl oyer is out of business, give name and address
of executives who can 6 j_vo references .
Have you any obj0ction to the E.R.A. writing any of the above
references? If so, which ones? Give reasons fully.
If in budness for yourself, give the names and addresses of
three firms or three executives with Yrhom you have dealt.
Give names and addresses of three persons who have :known you
profession ally.
Give names of throe persons (in no way rele.ted to you) who
hav e kno 1'ln you not less than two ye a rs.
12. Gcne~al Questions.
What languae;es other thq,n English do ;you speak:7
Vlhe.t languages other th:m English c.o you understand?
Membership in profession al societies.
Height, weight, color of eyes, of hcdr.
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1219 8
Appe ndix B
QUESTIONNAIRE SENT TO STATE1 E.R. A, SOCIAL
SERVICE DIVISION S'.l AF]'S
The S'UlW ques tionn aire; W"LB used for the
for ·
neri od July l, 1\:/3!'}-?Tcvcmbcr 1, 1935 9,l:.',
,
1936
lfovc3mber 1, 1935 -· M:::tch. 1,
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S':lCIAL
Indicate in each case whetr,er the info1·matio11 is exact or is a11 estimate. If
the :r,a;yrolJ. is on a weekl;;: b-=isis, :ig,..1.res for the week ;merest the dates that
are immediately available wiJ.l be sRtisfaC'tory. Please indicate the dates,
if such figures are used.
1.
-----------S.E.R.A.
Total nu:nber
Social Service Division Str1ff as of:
Julv 1, 1935 - November 1, 1935 - Difference
2.
Number in State offic~
a.
Soci~l Service Division
Executive staff
(Include in this ficure such positions as Soci;:i,l Service Director, krnt. Director,
and any de11artment heRds reDort::ng to tho Social Service Director. Do not include
secretaries, stenogr::mhers, or c:;_oric3,l department heP.ds.)
b.
3.
Field st;:,ff
(Include only professionRl field st~ffJ
Number in locRl units
(The local unit is aefineci As t11e unit directly responsitle to the St2,te office.
This mn.y be a district, an areq, a county, or q municipr->lity.)
Number on executive stnffs of_lg_s.:.'ll_units
2..
Number of directors of loc,"11 units
(profession::i,l)
b.
Number of suoervisors of loccil
units
c.
Number of supervisors
(Include in this all supervisors, whether c1~~.ssificd r's ~tss::.str-tnt, district,
county, or junior, who i:i.re responsible for the sunervision of stri.ff 2.nd 8re
under the direction of the supervisor of the local unit.)
d.
Nnmber of totP.l visiting st,9f:f
(Include sociA.l workers, CP.se workers, visitors, investigritors, junior visitors,
2nd junior investigPtors, c::tse Rides, Aides.)
~
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4.
37
How rnr-iny of those relec1sed betweem July 1, 1935 and. November 1, 1935
from the SociRl Service Division, executive•, supervisory A.nd visiting
stA.ff (for which figures·r-ire given in 2 ::i.nd 3)
?. ,
Resigned ?
(l)
b.
5.
How mr-n~r resigned to A.Ccept other posit.;.ons?
Yfore relnqsed by tha S.E.R.A..?
( 1)
]ec1rnse of reduced C?.se 1 oqds d: ~ to crr.ploymen t
ment on W.P.A. pro~rRm?
(2)
Due to cut in n.dministr-.1tive budget?
(3)
For other rensor.s - Specify.
U'nPt h~s been tho bAsis of sel~cting workers to be reler sed?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
Number
--
lil=we
Q,c:ali ty of work.
Need of work.
LRck of preparPtion Rnd tr~ining for work.
Seniority.
Others (list ~ny others used).
entire staffs of 1my loc11,l unit been rele::i.sod?
In how mAny cases? ------
When?
---------
7.
HRs Rny provision been mRdo for hold.in~ professionqlJy trained workers,
::i.s for ex;:imple by trA.nsferrir.g them from one unit to smother? Describe
Fmy 8Tr::i,nr,ernents m?de.
8.
What pl!l.ns hRve been made for notif7i:ug workers of the reductions of
stp.._'f?
9.
HA.s notice ·been given the stPff throut;h the S.E.R.A. office of
a.
b.
c.
d.
The possible r0duction in st::i.ff?
·I1he numbers to be releqsed?
The dates effoctive?
]Rsis of selecting workers to be released?
10. When was notice of stF.ff reductions e;iven?
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11.
Havo plc1ns buE:n r.v:,llc tc .L·,:,.:lc1• l.lt•d'f :•s tf ccrti,in d8tes?
with n<1f'!bers tc· be relv sr:-d.
Give dntes
12.
Li st the dut ios thq t ll.rG nr,w be .i ng pe:cforned by t:10 supervisor And
visitin~ stPff of loc~l SJCiPl Servicu Division.
Include any special
invosti{:;!'1.tions or securin{: of spf,ciril infcrrflr>.tion· 1:.s well qs rq.,ul,9.r
duties.
13.
R0mArks Rnd cum~ents.
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Anpcndix C
TYPICAL PERSO)DIBL FROEL.E1':S--QUOTATIOi.~S FROM LET'l1ERS
.::lISCUSS ING s ·rATE E .R ,A .. PERSONNEL PE.OK.,EMS
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TYPICAL PERSONNEL PROJ3LE1IS
The following quotR.tions nre tAken from letters received from
the State E .R.A. 1 s, which proser.t one or mori;: of thu proble1ns met in obtP ining perso~nel.
A.
].
C.
Sc8.rci ty of Profossionnl Trr-1.ined Personnel.
11
1.
It hc.,s b0on utterly impossible to secure An i:idequ2te number of
trr-tined persons. Only conrpi:i.rr:tively few of the county supervisors
n.re professionAlly tr'.'lined sociR.1 workers. There P,re A, few who
might be C8,lled se;ni-trn,inod. They h,c,ve hr1d short courses, or
several yo?.rs of actual experience in the field of socinl work,
or a combin~tion of the two. 11
2.
11 Tho
scP..rci ty of profession~ 1 sochJ ·.vorkers, tho' lack o: good
materii:il, A.nd the i:npossi bili ty of cln.ssificr• t ion hc=>,vo cr•used Acondition where it hc=>s been difficult to enforce uGrsonnvl
st;:,ndr-trds."
3.
11
It is difficult to find c;uci,lified supervisors, other th!')n those
who have been in the program A long tirr.e, A.nd. 'grown up 1 with it."
Educ11tionSJ,l Levels of Locr•l Comr•mnities.
11
1.
In selecting baginnint_; workers the -"'im hr-i.s been to set P, :ninimu:m
educ2tionr->,]_ st:-,,ndprd of b1cn0lor' s deE.;reo from colle 6 o. Pr,c:,ctically,
it h,r,.s beon irapossible ;:,nd somot ir:i.cs m,t r-idvi S"l,ble to adhere strictly
to this re~ulr->tion. In sor::e countius cduc:::i.tionAl st:::i,ndP,rds F1.ro pri,rticul;:,rly low :1nd it r12s been i:1possible to secure men or women with
a college de 6 reo. A certnin nmount of mA,turi ty hR,s been sought for,
but not Alw2ys secured. G8 nor"'1 st1=1.nding in the corrE:mni ty, the urobabili t7 of continuA.nce in sociR.J. work, :::i, rer>.son~>ble nssur"'.Dce of
freedom to leP,ve ho::ie, A.nd ,-:;ood h0nlth 8TO n,11 f::,,ctors th;:,t have
been considered."
2.
11 We
;:,_ro not "l,ble in mrmy of our rurP.,l co1Jr1ti0s to R.p-oroxim9.te the
stR.r1dA rds set up b·.,r tho Str-i to office. 11
St~te Rosidonce.
11
We h::i.ve not been 11.ble to conform to thuse st"ndp,rds iwts:nuch P~S
there hP,s been :.,, stro1v; sentiment ::>gRirist brint;inr; in trPined neople
fro:n out side the St,.-,te. 11
D.
LocP,l Pressure.
11
0ur biggest uroblen :1.ns been the conm,ction of tho loc"',l county
governing bo~rd with our -~its. For over a yo~r ~ost of our time
11~,s been spent in trying to keop our uni ts freo of locPl poli tic8.l
intorforence. 11
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E.
41
Replacenent of StPff.
11
In t·e1wrql, cd.uc<'<tio.1'"11 riu·,lificntions include ,q bPcli.elor 1 s
degree, R.nd if possibLi, SOi:1'3 profcss:.o:r..'l.l e;.porience, thoU{:-"h
success in s01,0 work th9t imlicr--.tes lr.,pd0rship A.nd two or three
yeprs of college work is Rcc0pt~blo. We still hRVO Rides, who
have been with the pro~r~ □ since its inception pnd who wore
~Prried ever fron the relief r'dr.iinisl- :at ion under R.F .c., who
'.nP.vo no cuJ loce work, but, bP-c.gusa of re-'"' sonr-.bly P..Ccopt,q.b}e
work, hc:we not been roplnced.
"About .g ye::-1.r rifo we Ptter:1pt-:.,d to set up ;_11n1r:u::1 qut:ilific~.tions
for thu socinl sorvicJ division stnff. After doing so, we
2.pplied thel!l tc the persom1el records which v:e h-9.d, Pnd found
theit if wo r.19.f_e the q J.9lific 0 tirms bindinc ,,w would f\PVO to
relense Pbout three-fourths of the sociRl service personnel
throughcut the Sktte. Wo thoubht for a ti::ie thrit we mif:ht
n11.ko t:i.o quP,lific.gtions low enou1:-h thPt we c0uld rePch thei11
but decided if we ever re], .,.sed such a stpter:ient the nininun
would in nPny pln.cas becon8 the 11ri.ximum !\r~d vie would nevor be
Pble to rn.ise t~10 stP.ndP.rd. Vie feel thP.t wo CJre 11ut reP.ciy to
stiD:,11;:ite stP,ndqrds yot. Wh!">t vie '-1TG tryint: to do is to r:et
one cvon T)F:irtiAlly q_u8.lified worker in e9.ch county in Ch-'"'rco
oi soci:=>l service. 11
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