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REPORT
ON
THE
WORKS
PROGRAM
THE
-
WORKS
MARCH
16. 1936
~-
PROGRESS
-
ADMINISTRATION
WORKS
PROGRESS
ADMINISTRATION
HARRY L. HOPKINS, ADMINISTRATOR
REPORT
ON
WORKS
MARCH
THE
PROGRAM
16,
1936
DIVISION OF
RESEARCH, STATISTICS
AND RECORDS
...
r)
I
PRJ!:ll'ACE
More than
gram by the
leading to
3,B00,000 persons
first or March, 1936.
were employed
This report,
the attainment or this goal,
under the
Works Pro-
in reviewing developments
summarizes
the
expansion of the
Program as a whole, the distribution of the available tunds, the experiences
or the participating agencies, and the provisions governing the operation ot
the Program.
The major
Works Program through
the progress ot the
portion or the report reviews
December 1935 while more recent developments are pre-
sented in a section of the appendix.
Detailed statistics covering the
Pro-
gram conclude the report.
The responsibility
presentation or
or the Works
Progress
Administration tor the
this information was set forth in the
tablishing it on May 6, 1935.
The order
Executive Order es-
included the
following among the
functions outlined tor this Administration:
It shall
be responsible
cient, speedy, and
to the President
coordinated
execution
tor the honest,
effi-
ot the Works Program as a
whole.
It shall formulate
and require
uniform periodic reports of prog-
ress on all projects.
It shall formulate
and
administer a
system or uniform
periodic
reports or the employment on projects.
For the
data relating
curred under the Works Program
the Camnissioner or Accounts
to expenditures made
this report
and obligations in-
is indebted
to the records of
and Deposits or the Treasury Department.
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
REPORT ON THE WORKS PROGRAM
MARCH 16• 1936
CONTENTS
- St.MMARY OF THE WORKS PROGRAM
Basis of Present Relief Policy
Survey e.nd Current Status of Works Program
Agencies Participating in the Works Program
Occupational Characteristics of Employables on Relief
Works Program Procedures
3
5
6
II
- THE BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE WORKS PROGRAM
7
III
- THE PROGRAM IN OPERATION
Trend of Employment
Financial Aspects
Types of Projects
Occupatio~s of Workers on Relief
14
18
23
IV
- WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
Types of Projects on the WPA Program
Projects Seleoted for Operation
Farm-to-Market Roads
WPA Airport Projects and Aids to Air Navigation
Purchases of .Materials. Supplies and Equipment for Use on WPA Projects
Earnings on WPA Projects
Art. Music. Theatre and Writers' Program
National Youth Administration
The Coordinating Committee
27
27
29
33
34
36
37
38
40
41
V
- PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
Non-Federal Division
Housing Division
44
VI
- EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
50
VII
- RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION
53
I
VIII - BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
IX
- OTHER AGENCIES
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Depar~ent of Interior
Depar~ent of Labor
Navy Department
War Deparbnent
Alley Dwelling Authority
Library of Congress
Rural Electrification Administration
Veterans' Administration
l
l
l
11
11
44
48
56
59
59
65
67
73
74
75
78
78
78
79
CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
APPENDIX A - STATUTORY AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS
The Emergency Relief Appropriation Aot of 1935
Executive Orders
Project Approval Procedure
Operating Procedures Relating to Employment
87
88
APPENDIX B - THE WORKS PROGRAM - JANUARY 1 TO FEBRUARY 29• 1936
Employment
Status of Funds
91
91
92
APPENDIX C • STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT
94
80
80
81
GENERAL SUMMARY
OF THE
OPERATIONS OF THE WORKS PROGRAM
1
I - SUMMARY OF THE WORKS PROGRAM
BASIS OF PRESENT RELIEF POLICY
The Works Program, under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, marks a
new phase in Federal relief policy. The Program is based on the concept that the aid to
the destitute unemployed should be given in the form of useful work instead of relief grants.
Work provided under the Program has taken the place of Federal grants for direct relief to
a large part of the destitute unemployed who are able to work. At the same time dependent
persons, unable to work, became the responsibility of State and local governments assisted
through grants-in-aid as provided under the Federal Social Security Act.
Relief requirements arising from unemployment are primarily nation-wide in scope.
Because the causes of unemployment are not of local origin or within the bounds of local
control, and because State and local financial resources are not geared to meet the need
resulting from large scale industrial unemployment. Federal assumption of responsibility for
aid to the employable destitute becomes imperative.
With the cessation of grants to States for direct relief purposes, the present
Federal relief problem centers around the 3,800,000 employable members of families and
single persons now employed under the new Works Program. This problem is intimately connected with employment opportunities in private industry. and governmental aid will be
necessary as long as prolonged mass unemployment persists.
SURVEY AND CURRENT STATUS OF \'IORKS PROGRAM
Employment
By December 1935 the initial objective of the Works Program had been attained in
the employment of about 3,500,000 persons. At the same time final grants for direct relief
were made to the States by the Federal Eioorgency Relief Administration. During January and
February, employment continued to increase, reaching a total of 3,850,000 by the end of
February. Employment under the Program is distributed throughout the country in accordance
with the severity of the relief problem,
the size of the program in each State
WORKS PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT
being adjusted to the number of destitute
MILLIONS
MILLIONS
THROUGH fEBRUARV 29 1936
Of PERSONS
Of PERSONS
unemployed persons in that State •
.
.
- - - + - - - - + --< 3
- - - ~ - - - - - , - ----1 2
0
~"..,-'--,-,,,..:--"--cw=.,...........,,=,.,,....o
1935
1936
The present Works Program represents a combination and coordination of
almost all Federal agencies engaged in
public work. Agencies supervising the
operation of work projects include the
Works Progress Administration, the Public
Works Administration, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Resettlement Administration, the Rural Electrification Administration, and the r~gular Departments
of the United States Government.
Of the 3,863,000 persons at
work by February 29, 1936, 3,039,000 or
almost 80 percent of the total were employed by the Works Progress Administration. Another 12 percent, or more than
459,000 persons were engaged in Emergency
2
Conservation Work, largely in the Civilian Conservation Corps. The remaining
355,000 workers were employed on projects under the supervision of 40 other
Federal agencies.
Works Program Employment, by Agencie~
February 29, 1936
Total
Works Progress Administration
Emergency Conservation Work (CCC)
Public Works Administration
Resettlement Administration
Department of Agriculture
Bureau of Public Roads
All other
Department of Commerce
Department of Interior
Puerto Rico Reconstruction Admin.
All other
Department of Navy
Department of Treasury
Department of War
All other agencies
3,853,000
3,039,000
459,000
41,000
47,000
It is expected that the February 29 employment will represent the
approximate peak of employment for the
Works Program as a whole. As seasonal
work in agriculture, in private con68,000
struction, and i~ other industries opens
60,000
in the Spring, the need for employup
18,000
ment under the Works Program will decline. During this period, however, the
30,000
work of the Bureau of Public Roads, the
6,000
Public Works Administration and most of
17,000
the other agencies will aiso expand ma11,000
terially. Many workers now employed by
54,000
the Works Progress Admini stration are ex3,000
pected to secure jobs either in private
employment or with other agencies operaNot including families assisted under the
under the Works Program during the
ting
Rural Rehabilitation Program.
corning months. It is expected that, as
as the result of these factors, employment under the Works Progress Administration will be
reduced fro□ over 3,000,00Q employees at the end of February to approximately 2,300,000 by
the end of June.
!:/
Allocations and Expenditures
Under the Emer~ency Relief Appropriation Act of 1~35 a total of $4,8 80,000,000
was made available for the Works Program. Of this swn, $4,000,000,000 was appropriated
directly by the Act, while a sum not to exceed $880,000,000 was provided from various unexpended bnlances of previous appropriations. The Act placed limitations upon the amount
to be expended under each of a number of specific classes, subject to alteration solely by
the President whose changes were restricted to an increase of not more than 20 percent of
the total appropriation.
Through December 31, 1935, the President had approved and the Comptroller General
countersigned warrants for allocations totalling $4,236,981,642. Almost three billion
dollars of this amount had been allocated specifically for work projects, while the remainder vrent lnrgely for relief, although a portion was used for administrative purposes,
employee compensation and the purchase of land. During the first nine weeks of 1936 additional warrants a.mounting to $169,355,407 were countersigned,bringing the total allocations on February 29 up to $4,406,337,049.
Reports from the Treasury indicate that more than a third of the a.mount available
had been expended by the end of 1935. Checks totalling slightly more than $1,672,000,000
had been issued up to that time. By the end of February expenditures had increased to
$2,210,000,000 or approximately half the total amount allocated. The bulk of these expenditures had been made by three independent agencies - the Federal Emergency Relief Administration, the Works Progress Administration and Emergency Conservati on Work (CCC). More
than three quarters of the total Works Program expenditures charged against the regular
executive departments of the Government vrere made by the Department of Agriculture and
the War Department.
3
AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE WORKS PROGRAM
Numer ous Federal agencies have cooperated in the s uc cessful operation of the
Works Program . The work programs of the regular Departments we r e continue d on an expanded
basis and the Civilian Conservation Corps (Emergency Cons er vation Work) and the Publio
Works Administrat i on v.ere brought within the framework of the general pro gram. The new
agencies created with authority to operate work projects were the Works Progress Administration. the National Youth Administration 1 the Resettlement Admini s trat ion and the Rural
Electri ficati on Administration.
To as sist in administering the program 1 the Advis ory Committee on Allotments was
organized to advise the President on allocations during t he early months of the program.
The United States Employment Service was made responsible for the re gis t r ation and initial
assignment of persons to work projects. The determina t i on of eligibility and the certifio.ation of persons f rom the relief rolls for employment on the program was the responsibility of St ate Relief Administration and Departments of Public Welfare. Accountin g for
funds 1 disburs ing and the purchasing of materials and supplies becrune the r espons ibility
of the Department of the Treasury.
The Works Progress Administration was assigned two major functi ons by the Executive Order creating it on May 6 1 1935. The WPA has r esponsibility for the "honest 1 efficient, speedy and coordinated execution of the work r elief program as a whole" . as we l l as
authority to carry out an extensive work program under its own direct supervi s i on. The
WPA has set up State Administrations in every State 1 charged with carrying out the Pro gram
in the States.
Projects of the WPA are i nitiated by cities 1 counties 1 towns or other publi c
agencies. Applieations fer projects are s ubmitted by a local governmental a gency 1 call e d
a sponsor, to the District and St ate office s of the WPA. If approved by the Stat e Work s
Pro~ess Administration office 1 the projects are forwarded to Washington for approval or
disapproval by the Federal Works Progress Administrat ion and by the Presiaent.
Through February 29 1 19 36 a l l ocati ons of $1 1 234 1 685 , 718 had been made to t he WPA
to carry out its part of the Works Program. In order to allow the greatest leeway to the
State Administrations in choosing pro jects best suited to the employment needs of each
State 1 the President has approved State l'IPA projects t o the value of more than
$6,000,000,000. From this reservo i r , Stat e Administrators select projects for operation
which will employ persons from the re lief rolls on v.o rk that is within a reasonable dis tance from their homes and is as nearly as possible i n keeping with their previous
STREET PAVING AND REPAIR PROJECTS
ARE OPERATING IN MANY CIT IES
4
occupations and work experience.
The projects actually selected and put into operation by the WPA State Administrations can be divided into two broad olassifioations - oonstruction and non-construction
projeots. Construction projects, for new construction, repairs, modernization and improvements, involve the greater number of projects and a predominant percentage of costs
(more than 80 percent of the total funds). The most important construction projects are
those involving work on highways, roads and streets, and on public buildings, which
together account for almost 50 percent of the total funds allotted for the projects which ·
have been selected for operation. Other construction work includes parks and playgrounds,
water supply and sewer systems and airports. The remaining fifth of the funds are designated for various kinds of projects such as forestation and erosion control, goods projects,
and sanitation and health projects. Into this category also fall the professional and nonmanual projects, including the educational program and the projects for artists, musicians,
actors, and writers.
Forty-four bureaus or divisions of 14 other major administrative agencies have received allocations for work projects, the largest allocations going to Emergency Conservation Work and the Bureau of Public Roads, which received $526,584,000 and $491,000,000,,
respective·ly. The Non-Federal Division of PWA with allocations of $339,380,000 is next,
followed by the Resettlement Administration with $167,169,000 for work projects and rural
rehabilitation. The Corps of Engineers, with approximately $132,000,000 and the Housing
Division of !'WA are the only other agencies which have received allocations totalling more
than $100,000,000. Other agencies to which sizable allooations have been mde include the
Bureau of Reclamation with $82,650,000, the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration with
$32,152,000, the Soil Conservation Service with $21,000,000, the Bureau of Yards and Docks
e.nd the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine with more than $15,000,000, and the
Quartermaster Corps and the Forest Service each with a little less than this amount. Four
other agencies have allocations ranging from 5 to 10 million dollars.
Funds allocated for Emergency Conservation Work are used largely t.o finance the
conservation work done in connection with Civilian Conservation Corps camps. The Bureau
of Public Roads is using its $491,000,000 for the construction of highways, the elimination of grade crossings, and other highway repair and maintenance work. P'NA non-Federal
funds are allotted to a great number of construction projects for schools, municipal
buildings, sewer systems, water works, etc., while the Housing Division of the PWA ooncentrates on slum clearance and the building of a number of low-cost housing units. The
funds allocated to the Resettlement Administration are used prinm.rily for rural rehabilitation and resettlement as well as suburban resettlement. This Administration has taken
over the functions of the Subsistence HoJMsteads Division of the Department of the Interior, the Land Program and the Rural Rehabilitation Division of the FERA and the Land
Policy Section of the AAA.. In similar fashion the Puerto Rico Reconstruotion Administration has been using its fund~ for subsistence homesteads, for resettlement, and for the
general reconstruction and rehabilitation of the economic life of the island. While the
Rural Electrification Achninistration does not engage directly in construction, it was set
up under the ERA Act of 1935 to facilitate the financing of the construction of eleotrio
distribution and transmission lines in rural areas now without electric service.
To a considerable extent the types of 1UOrk done on projects supervised by the
remaining agencies supplement their regular work. The Bureau of Reclamation is expanding its regular program with 30 projects for reclamation of waste lands, in~luding the
building of new dams, flood oontrol and irrigation projects. A greatly enlarged program
for improving inland water transportation and an expanded program for channel dredging,
for hydro-electric power development and for reservoir construction, is provided for under
the allocation to the Corps of Engineers. The Bureau of Yards and Dooks has received
allocations for the general rehabilitation of yards, docks, waterfront grounds, marine
buildings, etc •• as well as a number of new construction projects.
5
The Bure~us of AnimBl Industry and of Entomology and Plant Quarantine have expanded their programs to eradicate animal diseases and to stamp out noxious plants and
insects which ravage fields and forests. Fire prevention and similar work is being performed by the Forest. Service, while the Soil Conservation Service is carrying forward a program of erosion control (including research work) to demonstrate to farmers the most efficient methods of soil use and conservation. Research and survey projects represent another
important type of work being done by some of the agencies. Examples of this work are the
Census of Business Enterprise of 1935 operated by the Bureau of Census, and the Study of
Income Tax Returns supervised by the Secretary's Office in the Treasury Deparbn.ent. The
Sur~y of Public Health, which includes studies of chronic disease, of occupational mort~lity and morbidity rates, and of hospital f~cilities and out-patient clinics, is being
carried on by the Bureau of the Public Health Service. These and other research projects
a.re designed to add to public information and to assist the Bureaus in the more efficient
handling of their regular work, as well as to point out the need or advisability of new
le gis la tion.
OCCUPATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYABLE PERSONS ON RELIEF
In order to adhere to the policy of adapting work as nearly as possible to the
skills of the available labor on the relief rolls, knowledge of the occupations of these workers is es sential. An inventory taken in March 1935 indicates that about four-fifths of the
employable persons on the relief rolls who possess work experience are manual workers(other
than farmers), alffiost 10 percent are
farmers and 11 percent may be designated as white collar workers. The manual
WORKERS ON RELIEF AND TOTAL GAINFUL WORKERS
workers who include unskilled laborers
IN THE UNITED STATES . AGE 16-64 YEARS
in both industry and agriculture, semiPer centage DtMnbutton by Occupntlons
skilled workers, skilled workers and
foremen, and domestic and personal service workers, are relatively much more
numerous on the relief rolls than.in
the general population v1here they compose less than three-fifths of t he
total number gainfully employed. On
the other hand, the vmi te collar work ers and farmers who make up the remai ning fifth of the employablE persons on
relief rolls who have work experience
are only about half as numerous in the
TOTAL GAINFUL WORKERS
WORKERS ON RELIEF
IS MU..J' C~nsu3 o/' J'opultdUJn
£1Jbor fnt•en tory
relief
population as in the total popuApril JfJO
/ ?.Jli
lation. The relative imp0r~ance of
these types of workers among the employable yersons with work experience on the relief rolls and their importance among the total
gainfully employed are illustrated by the accor.1panying chart.
,ff1:trcll
In addition to the employable persons with previous work experience, a lar ge number
of inexperienced but employable persons are found on the relief rolls. This ine xperienced
group which makes up about a sixth of the total employable persons on relief is composed
predominantly of young persons between 16 and 25 years of age who have reached worki ng a ge
during the depression and have never found employment. The remainder of the employable per sons with no work experience are women - largely housewives forced upon the labor market by
economic necessity. More detailed information on the occupational cnaracteristics of employable persons on the relief rolls is presented in another section of this re port.
6
WORKS PROGRAM PROCEDURES
With knowledge of the composition of the labor supply and with funds frovided by
statute, an operating mechanism becomes imperative, in order to transmute these two elements
into an efficiently operating program. The basic regulations to govern the organization of
the program by which considerably more than 3,500,000 persons have been put to work were
outlined in a series of Executive Orders, subsequently amplifie~ by Administrative Orders
issued by the Works Progress Administration. The application of these regulations may be
illustrated by tracing chronologically the typical development of projects.
Projects of t he Works Progress Administr a t ion and the Public Works Administration
were initiated by muni cipalities or other local governmental units through fitirig an a pp lication to WPA or F'WA . After ap proval, these project applications were submitted to the Di vision
of Applications and Informati on of the National Emergency Council. Projects to be operated
by other Federal agencies were initiated by the (f;e ncies themselves. The applications in such
cases were s ubmitted by the agenoy concerned to t he National Emergency Council. Copies of
each application were forwarded to the Bureau of the Budget for review, and in the case of
non-WPA projects were then sent to the WPA for investigation as to the availability of relief
labor at the location of the project. (WPA projects were reviewed with respect to this prior
to submission to the National Emergency Council.) The next step was the submission of the
application t o the President's Advisory Committee on Allotments, C0111£0sed of representatives
of Government, business, labor, agriculture, and the U.S. Conference or Mayors. The Advisory Committee presented its recor.,rr~ndations to the President. If the President ~pproved
the project the Treasury Department was instructed to issue a warrant. Upon approval of the
warrant by the Comptroller General, the agency was informed that the funds allocated had
been placed to its credit in the Treasury.
By October, 1935, after the bulk of allocations had been made, the intermediate
steps involving the submission of the application to the National Emergency Council and the
Advisory Committee on Allbtments were omitted and applications as authorized were presented
directly to the President through the Bureau of the Budget.
Now under the control of the prosecuting agency, the project could be divided into
separate operating units if necessary; and a project manager, authorized to sign payrolls,
hire workers, etc., appointed by the agency for each unit. Materials and supplies are requisitioned from the Procurement Division of the Treasury. At this stage the project is ready
to hire workers.
A requisition for workers, giving descriptions of the skills desired, is submitted
to the U.S. Employment Service or other assignment agency which maintain records of all
persons eligible for assignment to the Works Program. These records contain the names of
all persons on relief who have been certified by the local relief administration as eligible
for employment. Upon receiving a requisition, the Employment Service assigns the desired
number of workers to the project. At least 90 percent of the total workers must have been
taken from the relief rolls except on projects specifically exempted from this provision.
Except for work prosecuted under contract in which prevailing hourly rates are
paid, and except for certain other authorized exemptions, the security wage scale specified
by the President is applicable. This monthly wage varies in accordance with the skill of
the worker, the geographical region and the size of the oormnunity.
Responsibility for the coordination of the entire program has been given to the
Works Progress Administration. State WPA Administrators review the work schedules and labor
requirements of all projects and keep in touch with the development of projects in order to
insure a smooth flow of operations.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
OF THE
WORKS PROGRAM
7
II - THE BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE WORKS PROGRAM
The depre s sion. beginning in the last f ew months of 1929. has been without precedent in t he United States. It ia true that t he country had experienced severe panios and
depre ssion s in the oourse of its history but in none of the previous recessions we.a the volume of unemployment so great nor was ao large a proportion of t he working population without jobs as in recent years. Early in 1933 it is estimat ed that some 15.ooo,ooo persons
,n;re out of work. This represented nearly one-third of t he labor supply in the coW1try.
At no other period had the unemployment problem in thi s country reaohed so acute a stage as
this. Moreover. the severity of the dec l ine and t he lengt h of the depression period are
without paral l el . Employment and industrial producti on dropped rapidly in the latter half
of 1929 and continued to f a ll until t he l ow point of 1932 and early 1933 was reached, a decl ine of near l y f our years . This mass unemployment. stil l s erious despite two and a half
years of recove ry, brought with it a problem of poverty. misery, and human degradation unpreoedented in this countr y.
The e conomi c upheaval which occurr ed in the autumn of 1929 found the United States
unprepa red to mee t the relief and unemployment problems of a major depression. Owing to the
widespread a cceptanoe of t he belief that the nation had entered a new era of boundless
plenty. the economic st orm signals of the 1920 1 s were either ignored or wrongly interpreted.
As industrial production olimbed steadily :month by month. the cont inued distress of agricultur e was overlooked. With manufaoturing output the greatest in history. automobile produc t i on a t five and one half million oars, and stook prices steadily going up, it was easy
to i gnore the faot that in 1929 nearly two million workers we re unable to find employment
in pr ivate industry.
But beginning in the fall of 1929, the unsound basis of the pro sperity era began
to manifest itself mo re olearly. Nearly all the measuring rods of economic conditions showe.d
a 1t r ong dowmrard t rend f r om 1929 until the summer of 1932 and a ga i n in the spring of 1933.
The decline was partioularly sharp in the industries producing dur abl e goods. Pig iron produotion fell off nearly 80 peroent. steel production 75 peroent; automobile output deolined
75 peroent and residential oonstruction dropped to less than one-tenth of what it had been
in 1928. Industrial producti on as a whole declined nearly 60 pe rcent, and national income
shrank from 81 billion dollars in 1929 to 40 billion in 1932. reoovering to 42 billion in
1933 and 49 bill i on in 1934. Simi larly, l abor inoome for the oountry r eceded to 57 percent
of the 1 929 level for all types of labor income.
The gravity of the problem of involuntary unemploymen t became obvious when the
e st imated number of persona unable to find work increased alarmi ngl y eaoh year. reaching
a pe&.k in Maroh 1933. States and localities, with their revenues shrinking, soon found
it impossible to handle the relief burden oreated by a~ch widespread unemployment. It beoame imperative to draw upon the resources of the Federal Govermnent to bring relief to
the destitute unemployed.
The relief burden thus forced upon the Fede r al Gove rnment can be lightened only by
an increase in employment opportunities. During the past tlfo and a half years. economic recovery has been going forward by a ser ies of cyclical fluctua tions of relatively short duration. Following the opening of the nation's banks in the spring of 1933, business surged
forward at a rapid rate in anticipation of higher prices. Sustained recovery was not achieved,
however. and pr oduction fell off sharply in the latter part of 1933. although it did not sink
to the low levels of the spring. At the olose of 1933 conditions again began to improve.
Progress was made until the 1ummer of 1934, when a recession to a l evel close to that of the
last quarter of 1933 occurred. Beginning in December 1934. busines s picked up rapidly until
late in the spring of 1936. A reversal followed during the summer, but steady improvement
during the fall has brought production to levels comparable with those of 1930.
In general 1936 production was about 20 to 36 percent below the level of 1929.
Building oonstruotion in 1935 was far below normal, amount ing to only about one-fourth of the
1928 volume. but the sharp pi ck-up of residential building in the last half of the year was
an encouraging sign. The rapidity or the gains in the production or durable goods in 1936
8
EMERGENCY RELIEF AND
WORK PROGRAMS
M•~~~aw1rm.1 1111111 1111nn1°11Tr
Chart
MILLIONS OF PERSONS
193&
1935
1934
1933
m
MILLIONS OF
PERSONS
2r-----------"""T"""'T"'"",.......,......,....,..................,..-,-.,.....,,.....,...._..,.._,.....,.."""T"""'T"'"",.......""'T"..,......,.....,.....,....,............,.....,..-,-.......,....,2
PUBLIC WORKS ADMlNISTRATION
EMPLOYMENT
0
III
1934
1933
Chart Ii:
MILLJONS Of ~ N S
6
MU...JONS OF
EMPLOYMENT
~
e
~
I I\
G.W.A~
2
1933
II
2
1934
0
1935
I936
Chart Y
MILLIONS Of PERSONS
e
PERSONS
I
CIVIL WORKS ADMJNISTRATION
0
0
1936
1935
MILLIONS Of
PERSONS
WORKS PROGRAM
e
EMPLOYMENT
2
•
~ ~ ~ ~ ~G.
1934
INCLUDES HIJNDRCDS OF rHOUSAHOS OF PCRSONS CM,-LDl'CO OIi T'HC WORKS ,-R~RAM
..,0 ALSO ,,«Ellla1 ,,a.,cF OURIIW OECCMaCR, ,.ENDING RCCCIPT OF T'HCIR l'l/t.3T FULL
**c.c.c. CONT/NU/ID
mi
~ ~
-
.J
-ALL OTHl!.111
I I I I I I
0
J F MA M J J A 5 0 N D J F MA M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N O J F M A M J J A S O N D
1933
*
2
.P. A
....d
0
I
ll#ODI T'HC WOMtS ,.,,<HIM/ti IN CHAlfT
y
1935
1936
PAY CHCCIC
WOIIKS
IWOCltCSS AOMIIIISrRATPO#
/655
9
was likewise favorable.
During the greater part of this period of industrial recovery the relief problem
did not diminish. Only in the summer of 1936 did substantial decreases in relief rolls oc cur, but relief still remains the most urgent socio-economic problem confronting the nation
today. In March 1933 approximately 20,000,000 persona were receiving reliefJ in March 1936
nearly 6,600,000 families and single persona, representing 21,000,000 persons in all, were
receiving assistan~e. This increase in relief during a period of economic recovery is accounted for in a nwnber of ways. In 1933 considerably less than half of the estimated number of unemployed were receiving aid. The subsequent recovery absorbed many of the unemployed but a large part of the remaining millions were gradually forced on relief as their
resources were exhausted. Moreover, the availability of Federal funds and the expansion of
emergency relief agencies to virtually every county in the country made it possible to care
for a larger proportion of those in need. The drought in 1934 likewise appreciably added to
the relief rolls.
To meet the problem of destitution resulting from unEl!lployment the Federal Govermnent inaugurated a number of programs. The relief program, as pointed out above, oared
for nearly 5,000,000 families and single persons early in 1933. Under the combined influence of the industrial expansion in the middle of 1933 and the inauguration of the Civil
Works Progr&lTI in the winter of 1933-34, the number of families and single person s declined
to less than 3,000,000 in January, 1934. Following the termination of the Civil Works Program in March 1934 the relief rolls advanced to over 4,400,000 families and single persons
in April 1934 and by March 1935 to nearly 6,600,000, approximately half of whCln received
work relief. From this point the nUlllber on relief declined to some 3,400,000 in November.
This decline was due partly to the 1tlthdrawal or reduction 9f Federal relief funds, partly
to the reabsorption of many unemployed in industry and agriculture, and in pe.rt to the Works
Program financed by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
During this two and & half year period the Government provided from 500,000 to
400,000 young men with employment through the Civilian Conservation Corps. In addition the
Public Works Administration projects provided anployment for from 200,000 to 600,000 persons. In the winter of 1"933-34 the Civil Works Program was launched which employed over
4,100,000 persons during the peak week in Je.nl.llry 1934. The trend of relief and of anployment on the various work programs are shc,wn on the aooompe.nying oharta.
The latest work program, financed by funds appropriated by the Fmergency Relief
Act of 1935, represents a consolidation of the work activities of the Feder~l Government.
Under this program (as shOlfll in the battan chart of the aeries) over 3,500,000 persons had
been given anployment by the end of 1935.
The passage of the Fmergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 marked a new phase
in delineating the responsibility of the Federal Government for the solution of the relief
problem. Under the di vision of responsibility postulated by this Act the Federal Government recognized and assumed the obligation of oaring for a large majority of the great
group of persons in need as the result of industrial unEtnployment, while to the State and
local goverzments was left the pri:aary responsibility for the care of other families in need
of aid. This latter group represents for the most part unemployable persons and oomprises
the types of dependency to which local governments have traditionally provided assistance.
To assist the State and looal governments in meeting the increasing burden of the latter
group, provision was made in the Sooial Security Act for grants-in-aid for two large groups
of persons in need - the aged and women with dependent children.
At the time the Act was introduced into the Congress, it was estimated that
3,500,000 heads of families and single individuals able and willing to work were without
anployment and in need of aid. Federal responsibility for this group was based upon the
nation-'W'ide ohi.raoter of depression unanployment, the be.sic cause of the present relief
problem. Clearly the causes of unenployment are not of local origin nor is it in the power
of any State or locality to remove these causes. Furthermore, the States do not have the
credit resources necessary to deal with the relief problans arising out of industrial unanployment. The national character of the relief problem caused by unemployment renders
imperative national assistance.
The great forward step in relief policy embodied in the Emergenoy Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 was the recognition of the inoompatibility of the direct relief with Am.erioan tradition and the adoption of the policy that aid for the unemployed was to take the form
10
of useful public work. The object of this program is to give people who have been on relief
real work, to pay them a security wage which is not based on their budget deficiency, to drop
them from the relief rolls; and by this means to give them once more a normal place in community life on a self-supporting basis. Through work the employable person can maintain and
perhaps enhance his skill. He remains a valuable asset to the national economy and stands
ready to resume his role in private industry despite a period of unemployment. Even more
important is the maintenance of morale, forestalling the degeneration that may develop during enforced idleness. The work habits of the individual are maintained and respect of self
within the f8lllily group and among fellowmen is retained. In short, the family is maintained
as an effective unit in the economic and social structure.
To the gains outlined above must be added the large increment to the national
wealth in the form of public improvements created by the employment of more than 3,500,000
persons in every community throughout the country. These accomplishments are described later
in this report when discussing various types of projects. After balancing the account, a
work program may well prove to be less expensive than direct relief. An adequate evaluation
must recognize the individual and group benefits implicit in the substitution of work for
idleness. It must appraise the true value of the services rendered and the work produced.
Taking these factors into consideration, the net cost of a work program is likely to prove
less than would the cost of direct relief, despite the larger gross outlay.
FLOOD CONTROL
CONCRETE RETAINING WALLS PREVENT RIVER BANK EROSION
TEE OPERATIONS OF
THE WORKS PROGRAM AS A WHOLE
EM.PL DYMENT•
FINANCES•
AND
PROJECTS
THROUGH DECEMBER 1935
11
III - THE PROGRAM IN OPERATION
TREND OF EMPLOTIBNT
By the end of November 1935 the Works Program had substantially attained its goal of
putting 3,500,000 pers-ons to work. During subsequent weeks employment conti.nued to expand moderately until on December 28 the total had reached over 3,542,000 persons. Almost 2,751,000 of
these workers were employed under WPA State Work Programs, about 519,000 were engaged ir. Emergency Conservation Work, largely in the Civilian Conservation Corps, while the remaining 272.000
were at work on pro jects operated by 36 other Federal agencies participating in the Works Progra:m.
Building on a f oundation of Emergency Conservation Work, a two-year old organization
whi ch was empl oying almost 390,000 men enro lled from all S~ates when it became a part of the
Works Program i n April 1935, employment expanded slowly during the first months of the Program.
By the end of August, when employment on Ernerg;ency Conservation Work had reached its peak of
about 594,000 workers, this group composed about 66 percent of the total. WPA State Work Programs , after getting under way in July, were operating in 23 States, New York City and the
District of Columbia by the end of August . The number of persons employed under them, however,
fell a little short of 250 , 000 or about 27 percent of the total. More than half the WPA workers were located in New York City. Sizable programs were also under way in Alabama, Ohio, Indiana, Arkansas, Florida and Georgia, wh ich together employed most of the remaining workers.
:rhi le a few other Federal a gencie s had projects in operation prior to July, the number of persons employed was sma ll.
V.ORKS PROGRAM ™PLOYMENT
FJY
AGENCIES
(Thousan ds o f l!lnployees)
Week
Ending
Grand
Total
WPA
l!lner-ge noy
Total
Consez- Ot he r
vat i on
Agencies
Viork
Agrioult'l.U'e
(Exel.
Public
Roads)
Navy
Other Agencies
ResetPublic
tlement
Roads
Pl'lA
.Administration
31
573
70
4 87
16
7
1
August
17
189
248
529
31
757
910
39
68
21
35
3
8
-Y
7
958
14
21
28
300
1,004
1, 065
344
398
1,126
456
581
573
565
557
1
1
1
1
506
19
26
1,177
1,315
1,347
1,505
September
Ootober
November
December
t
:::t
g/
5
l2
2
1, 720
9
2,014
16
23
30
2,426
2, 736
3, 284
7
3,382
14
21
28
3,469
3,516
3.542
594
661
777
987
1,265
1,624
1,925
2,484
2,582
2,675
2,717
2,751
77
40
8
87
45
9
102
113
47
51
11
11
123
134
160
54
57
59
l2
13
14
173
60
15
175
196
243
259
60
60
61
15
16
16
62
16
256
62
16
538
262
527
267
62
62
521
278
272
61
61
17
17
17
17
548
587
526
555
558
553
559
552
544
519
other
A/
J uly
594
All
War
- £/
-£/
86
83
86
73
6
4
3
11
16
3
3
19
22
27
31
7
7
36
38
9
9
42
48
l2
13
48
49
16
50
53
54
18
22
?:7
55
56
56
54
32
33
4
4
1
4
1
1
1
4
5
5
2
2
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
5
6
7
11
l2
13
15
17
Does not inclu de rural rehabilitat i on oase s.
Does not imlu.de employment on Public Ro ad s proJeots previously authorized
under t he Hayden-Cartwright .Aot, but fi nanced by $100,000,000 apportioned
to States out of t h e l!lnergency Relie f Appropriation J.ot of 1935 0
Less than 500 persons.
- £/
- £/
2
6
6
8
14
30
:;5
12
By the end of August, fourteen of the other Federal agencies reported projects
in operation, but employment under them totalled only 68,000 persons, or about 8 percent
of the total for the Works Pro Eram. Most of these persons were working on projects under the supervision of the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, the Forest Service
and the Corps of Engineers. Owing to the wide scope of the first two agencies mentioned,
some employment of this kind was reported in every State, although the greatest concentration was in Washington, California and Montana.
DurinG September and October Works Program employment continued to rise gradually but at an increasing rate, with the number of persons working under WPA forming a growing proportion of the total. By November the rnte of increane had become so great that employment practically doubled during the month. This was almost entirely n result of the
expansion of WPA Stat e
Work Programs, which
were employing less than
a million persons on November 2 and almost two
and a half million on
BY STATES
November 30, when total
December 28, 1935
employment had reached
or
P er:,ons
almost 3,300,000. The
T h ou :,ands
JOO
260
150
200
I
I
trend of employment under the major a gencies
represented in the Works
O HIO
Prog~am to December 28
is presented in the summary tabulation on the
preceding page.
WORKS PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT
60
0
I
I
t
t
JOO
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
PENNSYLVANIA
NEW YORK CITY
ILLINOIS
N(W YORK UP 5TA.TE
CALIF"ORNIA
TEXAS
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
NEW JERSEY
MISSOUR I
With a total
of 3,542,000 persons at
work on December 28, 1935,
the Works Program had comGEORGIA
pleted its first month of
ALABAMA
operation at the quota
TENN ESSEE
level. As indicated in
the accor.ipanying chart,
FLORIDA
employment exceeded 200,000
persons in three States
and New York City, and
in eight other States
ranged between 100 1 000
and 200 1 000 persons. In
order of total employment,
CCC
the States followed closely the distribution of the
Work., l'ro_frfflJ .Adm/nl.,tr ~tlon
relief population. Pennsylvania headed the list
with more than 274,000
persons employed, while
a
total of over 256,000
or
workers 6 ave New York
City second place. Illinois and Ohio were
next in order with about
205 1 000 and 202 1 000 persons, re~pectively, at
work. In New York State
(exclusive of New York City) about 163,000 persons were employed and in California more than
159,000 workers were reported. Works Program employment also exceeded 100 1 000 in Texas,
Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Missouri and Oklahoma.
OKLAHOM A
KENTUCKY
WISCONSIN
MINNESOTA
WEST VIRG IN IA
LOUISIANA
VIRGINIA
ARKANSAS
NORTH CAROLINA
KANSAS
COLOR ADO
WASHINGTON
MISSISSIP PI
SOUTH CA ROLINA
IOWA
CO NNECTICUT
NEBRASKA
ORE GON
MARYLAND
NEW MEXICO
SOUTH DAKOTA
~
MONTA NA
AR IZONA
MAINE
UTAH
RHODE ISLAND
NORTH DAKO TA
1DAHO
DIST
COL
NEW HAMPSHIRE
VERMONT
WYOMING
NEVADA
DELAWARE
UNDISTRIBUTED
TERRITORIES
Most of the total employment was reported under the WPA State Work Programs which
account for sone 77 percent of the grand total for the UniteQ States and the four territories, and from 48 to 94 percent of the total in the various individual States. The number of persons employed under WPA State Wotk Programs represents less than 60 percent of
the State total in only four States - New Mexico, Maine, Arizona and Nevada. In these
13
St at es the location of major projects of other Federal agencies absorbed a large proportion
of t he r e latively small supply of relief labor availab l e. Owing to the importance of WPA
emp loyment in most States, the rank of any State is generally the same whether ta.ken on a
WPA ba s is only or on a total Works Program basis. New York City and the State of Pennsylvania
nead the list with 240,000 and 232,000 persons, respectively, at work on WPA projects on
December 28 . WPA employment in excess of 170 , 000 persons gave Ohio and Illinois the posjtions
next in orde r, followed by New York State, California and Massachusetts, each of which employed
we ll over 100,000 pe rsons under their WPA State Work Pr ogr ams.
Almost 15 percent of the total Works Program employment on December 28 was prori ded under Emergency Conservation Work in which slightly more than 519,000 men were engaged on that date. A large
majority of these, about
0 ,z
505,000 workers, were ~mployed in the Civilian Conservation Corps, more than
December 28, 1935
9,000 were engaced in conservation work on Indian
reservations in the United
WP A, CCC. and Other Agencies
St ates and more than 4,000
'J"ltou~•"dl
•'
P~r3on,1
were similarly employed in
I
I
1
I
I I
the four Terri~ories.
EMPLOYMENT
WORKS PROJECTS
BY AGENCIES
$ 00
I
I
I
I.HO
I
I
I
I
16H
I
I
I
I
,tOOO
1
l
I
t
1300
l
I
I
I
I
3000
I
WPA
Projects under
th e supervision of 36 other
Oth er Agencies
Federal agencies provided
t he remaining 8 percent of
the t ot al Works Program
emp l oyment. The 272,000
pers ons at work on these pr ojects on December 28, were
Agencies excluding W P A and C C C
distributed among all the
St ates . Individual State
.,
,
,,
,
Agrlc:ullure
I
,
I
I
1
t ota l s r anged from 16,000
I
£,rtu,o/of/, l'/11.111 Qa.tr
I'on.11.Yerot~
per sons i n California and
Pu./Jltc Road.1
So,! ConsertMflon
14, 000 in Texas to 370
Other.,
■
persons i n Rhode Is l and,
Co mm erc.•
while in most insta nces
between f i ve and ten
thousand persons were workLabor
•
ing on such projects. Employment under major agenci e s
rreas ur y
is pr esented in the
a ccompanying cha.rt. About
War ..&n,finttrJ
Qu•rterm•8f#'r
half th e t ot al emp loyment
Public Wo elto Adm .
und er agencie s othe r than
Rnettle nlent Adm.
t he WPA and CCC was rep orted
by bur eaus of the Depar tment
.Rurnl t:l.ectrtri,ation I
of Agr i culture, chiefly the
Vo torans Admlnl•t
■
Bureau of Public Roads and
t he Soil Conservation Service
whi ch emp l oyed 73 1 000 and
32,000 persons, respectively. More than 37,000 persons were working on projects operated by
the Corps of Engineers, wh i le almost 17, 000 persons were employed on Quartermaster Corps
pro j ects, bringing employment under the War Department up to about one-fifth of the total
for other Federal a gencies. The Navy Department's Bureau of Yar d s and Docks and the
Resettlement Administrat i on each employed about 17,000 persons. More than 10,000 persons
were also report ed working on projects operated by each of four othe r a gencies, the
Forest Service and Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine of t he Department of Agriculture, the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration, and t he Non-Feder al Division of
the Public Works Administration.
CCC
40
76
I
-
I
I
..
14
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
Fund• Available
The Works Pro~ram is generally oonsidered only in terms of funds provided by the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act ot' 1936. This amount, while large in itself, does not
represent the total funds which will be expended under the Program. It is estimated that
$250,000,000 will be oontributed by local sponsors of projects oonducted by the WPA, and
a like amount by looal sponsors of PWA projects. Further, PWA will provide almost
tl50,000,000 from prior appropriations as loans to assist in financing its projects. It
is evident that funds provided by the Act will be-augmented by an additional two-thirds
of a billion dollars from local sources and from previous appropriations. :while this additional sum represents only 13 percent of the total appropriation of $4,880,000,000, a
more accurate picture is afforded by oomparing the $660,000,000 of outside funds with the
$3,000,000 1 000 ourrently allocated for work projects,as di st i nct from relief grants and
other purposes. If this basis of comparison is used, outside contributions reach almost
22 per cent of the currently allocated funds. The finanoial picture presented in the following paragraphs, however, relates only to funds appropriated specifically by the ERA Act
of 1935.
Trend of Allooationa
Not sinoe the World War has the United States underte.ken a task comparable in
si ze to the Works Program. The primary objective - reemployment of 3,500,0<)0 persons oould not be acoompliahed until useful work projects to the value of several billions
of dollars bad been approved, and until funds oould be apportioned for the prosecution
of these projects. It was necessary to complete these preliminary steps within the space
of a few months.
The £aergency Relief Appropriation Act was approved April 8, 1935. By December
of the aame year Works Progr8Jll employment had reached three and a half million persons.
The story of the intervening period is one of the designing, review, and approval of projects. Every project submitted by Federal, State and
local crbanizations bad to
TOTAL ALLOCATIONS, ALLO CATIONS FOR WORK rRO JECTS"
be reviewed by several agenWORKS
rROGRAM
EMPLOYMENT
A
D
cies for usefulness, cost, enMILUONS OF
MILLIONS OF
DOLLARS
PERSONS
5,oo o ~ -~ - - -- ~ -- - - - - - - - -- - ----'-"
s .o
gineering practicability, anc
availability of labor supply.
After approval of projects,
funds had to be placed to the
credit of the operating agencies, always under oaref'ul ad3.0
ministrative safeguards. Materials and supplies bad to be pro2,00 0
2 .0
cured, space rented, personnel
hired, and in general a machi ne
exceeding
the size of the larg1. 0
est industrial organizations
had to be set in motion.
The accomplishments
during 1935 must be viewed in
the light of the magnitude of the task at hand. The accompanying chart compares the progr ess in t},e allocation of funds, both in total and for work projects specifically, with
the trend of employment. During the early months of tre Program, allocations for work projects were made largely to agencies which had been operating previously under other appropriations, such as Emergency Conservation Work. This agency provided practically all the
employment recorded until late in July. Allocations for all purposes, including relief
and administration, rose from $126,000,000 on April 10 to $1,594,000,000 on June 30;
$3,316,000,000 on September 30 and finally $4,237,000,000 at the end of the year. Allocations for work projects roughly paralleled the total allocations but comprised an increasingl y
large proportion of the total. On April 20 less than 20 percent of the total allocations
~epresented work projects. By June 30, however, the percentage had increased to 65 and by
December 31 more than 70 percent ($2,994,000,000) of the total allocations had been made
specifically for work projects. It is significant that the period of steepest rise in allocations preceded by some time the sharpest increase in employment. This lag in employment
was due partly to the tune element involved in getting a project under way after the allocation had been made and partly to the neoeesity (particularly in the case of WPA) of providing
15
a large reservoir of ap~rowd projects fr0111l whioh could be select ed those whioh would most
adequately utilize the labor supply available in various parts of the country. By t he
end of Deoember almost 150,000 projeots with a total value of about $7,000,000,000 bad
been approved.
Status of Funds
Limitations upon the amounts to be expended under specific classes were established by the Act, subject to alteration only by the President, whose changes are restricted to 20 percent of the total appropriation. As indicated by the accompanying
tabulation, the President had
Amount Alloallocated over ~1,330 ,000 , 000
Amount ot
cated Decemunder the limitation "Loans
Class
Limitation
ber 31, 1936
and Grants for Projects of
Highways, roads, atreeta,
States" by the end of 1935.
and grade crossings
tsoo,000,000
1500,671,600
In order to permi t the
Rural rehabilitation and
allocation of this amount,
relief, irrigation and
an Exeoutive Order was
reclamation
600,000,000
242,835,640
issued on September 21,
Rural electrification
100,000,000
8,774,2Sl
1935, in aooordance with
Housing
460,000,000
105,159,060
the power granted to the
Aasiatanoe for educational,
President, increasing the
clerical and professional
origin.al limitation to
persona
300,000,000
140,808,960
t1,100,ooo,ooo. The CivilCivilian Conservation Corps 600,000,000
622,389,000
ian Conservation Corps has
Loans and grants for probeen allocated almost 90
jeots of States, Terripercent of its statutory limitories and Possessions
900,000,000 !/ l,SM,269,368
tation of $600,000,000.
Sanitation, prevention of
Next in order of proportion
soil erosion, forestation,
of total is the classificanood control, river• and
tion "Highways, roaas,
harbors, etc.
214,407,809
streets, and grade crossing
elimination" which has been
Increased to $1,700,000,000 by ExecutiTe
allocated $500,671,500 1·rom
Order 7186 on September 21, 1936.
a possible maxi.mum of
tsoo,000,000. The classification "Sanitation, prevention of aoil erosion, forestation,
flood control, rivers and harbors, etc." was the only other heading tmder whioh allooations have been made in excess of 60 percent of the statutory limitation.
!/
STATUS OF ALLOCATIONS UNDER THE E.R.A. ACT OF 1935
December 31, 1936
Agency
Agriculture
Public Roads
Other
Cammeroe
Interior
Puerto Rioo R. Ada.
Reol8J!'ation
Other
Labor
Navy
treasury
War
Amount Allocated
t
600,000,000
75,399,043
10,452,944
36,487,920
84,150,000
6,432,537
c.c.c.
9,334,606
17,554,625
61.241,066
146,634,754
623,479,450
Public Works Adm.
Housing
Non-Federal
102,739,060
343,669,712
Ageno.y
Amount Allooated
Resettlement Adm.
t 181,070,000
Rural Electrification
11,636,517
Veterans Administration
1,269,120
Work• Progress Adm.
1,162,688,914
Employees Compensation Com.
28,000,000
935,930,085
F.E.R.A.
9,911, 500
Other Agencies
Total Allocations
'4,236,981,642
Balance-Unalloca ted
but Earmarked for
Work Relief Projects
32216181358
Total Available
for Allooa tion
$4,559 ,500 , 000
Previous Deductions
3201500 2000
total Appropriations
$4,8ao,ooo, ooo
16
Through December 31 allocations totalling $4,236,981,642 had been made. Thia
total includedftmds provided for relief, employee compensation, administrative uaea,
and like purposes, in addition to allocations for work projeo~s. Largest allocations
were ma.de to the Works Progress Administration which had been granted $1,162,688,914 by
the end of December. Second in. amount of allocation waa the Federal Emergency Relief Administration which received $935,930,085 al.moat exclusively for relief grants to States.
Of the $675,399,043 allocated to the Department of Agriculture, $600,000,000 went to the
Bureau of Public Roada for road and highway work and for grade crossing elimination.
Allocations totalling more than $500,000,000 have also been made tor Emergency Conservation Work, in which the Civilian Conservation Corps predominates, while the Public Works
Administration haa received over $100,000,000 for housing projects and more than
$340,000,000 to provide Federal a.id tor oonstruotion projects in the various States.
The allocations to major agencies are shown in the table on the preceding page.
By the end of 1936 obligations of $2,341,000,000 had been incurred against
total allocations of $4,237,000,000. Of the total obligations $902,274,000 were charged
to FERA, $443,000,000 to WPA, $424,154,000 to Emergenoy Conservation Worlc, $269,235,000
to the Department or Agriculture, $126,894,000 to PIIA, $88,319,000 to the Department of
War, and $86,980,000 to all other agencies. These obligations represent not only funds
actually expended but also actual, accruing and anticipated liabilities auch aa charges
at the beginning of a pay period to cover payrolls presented tor payment at the end ot
the pay period, charges covering contracts awarded, requiai tions for the purchase or
materials, anticipated travel and other miscellaneous expenses. Consequently, obligations exceed actual expenditures (voucher payments) by a considerable amount.
Expenditures
By December 31, 1935, checks to the amo,mt of $1,672,394,306 had been issued
against Works Program funds. Thia 8WI\ represents well o-.er one-third of the available
total. Analysis or the total ia made in three ways, by object of expenditures. by type
of work performed, and by expending agencies. In the following paragraphs dealing with
expenditures, the facts that expenditures are identical with voucher payments (check•
issued) and that expenditures relate to Federal ERA Act funds only should be kept in mind.
If grants to the States for relief purposes (representing FERA disbursements and
amounting to about 1900,000,000) are excluded from total Works Program expenditures. an
analysis by objectin classifioation renects the relative importance of the various purposes for which the typical project dollar had been spent at the end of the year. Nearly
1475,000,000, or about tao-thirds of all expenditures went for payroll•• In addition a
large portion of the t32,000,000 expended for contract payments constituted payments tor
labor. The total of more than $125,000,000 spent thus far tor materials and supplies
represents about 18 percent of all ~ n t s exolusiTe of grants. Contractual services
(light, telephone, eto.) compriaed 4 percent, equipaent purchased 2 percent, and payments
on contracts 5 peroent of the.total expenditures, exclusive of grants.
Analysis of the tl,672,594,306 expended through the end of 1935 in terms of the
general types of work performed indioatea tla t over 85 percent of the total went for four
major purpoaeaa roads. atreets and highways; public reoreational facilitiesJ consern.tion
workJ and grants to Sta.tea for relief. The last two types represent quite closely the activities of two organizations - the FERA and the CCC. Expenditures for grants to States for
relief purposes oorreap ond roughly to the amount shClllm a.a expended by the FERA in another
aeotian of this report, the same 1a true of expenditure s for cooserftt.i.on work which la done
by the CCC. Theae two organizations are not typical of the Works Program as a whole., since
both existed prior to it, axd their aotivities were continued without material change under
17
funds provided by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. For this reason, expenditures of the se two types now loom relatively large; as the Works Program develops the proportions spent for other purposes will become
Expenditures by Types of Work, through
increasine;ly important.
Decemb er 31, 1935
The two other types of work
which stand out at present are highways,
Roads, s t reets and highways
$148,753,540
roads and streets, and public recreationa l
Public buildings
33,143,562
facilities. Both of these totals in
12,553,948
Housing pro j ects
Publi c recreat ional facilities
large measure represent expenditures for
108 ,135,613
projects conducted by the Works Progress
Conservation work
29 8,98 3,869
Wat er and sewage systems , etc.
Administration, which has been able to
24,717,188
Transportation f acilities
get off to an early start, so that its
29,694,720
Educational facilities
expenditures represent a comparatively
26,441,543
Grants to states for relief
important part of the total at present.
884,595,443
Rural re s ettlement projects
As indicated above, however, the pro12,334,362
35,818,213
portion which will be spent for each
Miscellaneous
Administrative expenses
type of work will be naterially altered
58,222,306
as time goes on. The discussion of
allotments by types of work, which appears
Total
$1,672,394,306
elsewhere in this report, should more closely
approximat e the final distribution of funds by type of wor k to be performed.
Of the re gula r executive departments, the Wa.r Department and the Department of
Agriculture lead in Works Program expenditures thr ough the end of 1935. The Bureau of Public
Roads alone acc ount s for $66,000,000 of Agriculture's total of $82,186,712, while the Corps
of Engineers represents almost 90 percent of Works Program expenditures ma.de by the Wa.r
Department . However, the bulk of expenditu res thus far have been ma.de by the independent
a ge ncies . Three of these a.re outstanding: the Federal Emergency Relief Administrat ion, the
Civilian Conservation Corps , and the Works Proe;ress Administration. These three a gencies
show respecti ve expenditures of (apR roxima.tely) $900,000,000 , $330,000,000 and $257,000,000.
The relative magnitude of the se
Expenditures by Agencies, through
sums, however, is somewhat misDecember 31, 1935
leading at the present time. The
WPA, which stands below the other
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT S
two in cumulated expenditures to
Agr i culture
$82,186,712
date, is showing rapidly increasing
Commerce
424,991
monthly expenditures, while
Interior
5,020,289
similar expenditures of the FERA
Justice
199,286
are declining. This trend is
Labor
5,007,752
indicated by comparison of checks
Navy
5,074,993
issued during two ten day periods.
Treasury
8,942,573
Expenditures of VfPA and FERA stood
War
34,161,329
at the same level, about
IND El'EN DENT ESTABLISHMENTS
$28,000,000, during the ten days
Advisory Committee on Allotments
from November 20 to November 30.
1,153
Emergency Conservation Wor k
328,210,640
However, in the period December
Employees' Conpensation Commission
111,379
20 to December 31, WPA spent
Federal Emer gency Relief Ad.minis t ration
894,047,5 83
$54,000,000 as against only
General Accounting Off ice
1,328 , 674
$10,000,000 for FERA. These oppo site
National Emergency Council
738,928
trends are expected to continue,
National Resources Committee
339,899
since FERA has been liquidated
Prison Industries Reorganization
offi cially, while WPA is at fu ll
Administration
7,569
employment strength. Among other
Public Works Administration
28,137,319
a gencies the Public Works AdResettlement Administration
21,154,379
ministration and the Resettlement
Rural Electrification Administration
310,240
Administration are notable with
Veterans' Adminis tration
355,208
expenditures of $28,000,000 e.nd
Works Progress Administration
256,663,410
$21,000,000, respectively.
Total
$1,672,394,306
18
TYPES OF PROJECTS
Projects operating with funds provided under the Emergency Relief Approp,riation
Act of 1935 range over a wide field of endeavor. They have been selected carefully in the
light of statutory and executive provisions from the much larger group submitted. A staff
of engineers $Crutinized and ma.de recommendations on each application for construction or
related projects, while white collar projects were investigated by persons having experience
with this type of work. In all cases particular attention was paid to t he benefits that
might accrue to the oormnunity i n which the work was planned. Certain types of projects
were clearly ineligible. These includ ed pr ojects which would provide work ordinarily performed by any Governmental agency and which would displace regular employees; projects to
be executed on private property, except those unmistakably for public benefit; projects described too vaguely to permit of adequate examination; and s t atisti cal survey and research
projects not approved by the Coor dinating Committee organized for purpose of review. Various other projects were disapproved after thor ough investigation because the employment
proposed in the application was unduly costly in tenns of Federal funds (as for example,
where material costs were relativel y high and sponsors' contributions were not available
to cover them), because the social usefulness of t he projects was not sufficiently great,
or because the cost :was not justified in terms of benefits to be derived by the community.
In order to insure a sufficient variety of projects to meet any labor, weather or other
conditions which might develop in any community, a much larger group of projects were approved for the State WPA Progr!lJ:ls than can actually be put in operation under the funds allocated. In a similar way flexibility was sought for the P«A and Resettlement programs.
0
Certain proj ect s which r ecei ved t h e approval of the Works Progress Administration
required in addition the approval of the Fed eral agency which would normally have jurisdiction over the particular type of work involved. Such projects included work on conmtunity sanitation, malar1a control, and mine sealing, all cleared with th e United States Public Health Service; work on airports, cleared with the Bureau of Air Ccmmerce; and flood
control, water navi gation, and bank and coastal erosion work, all clear ed with the War Department's Corps of Engineers.
In t he t a ble on t he following page are shown, for various types of work embraced
by the Works Program, t he funds desi gnat ed f or ea ch t ype and the amounts under the follov1ing agencies, PWA projects as rep orted on Dec ember 26; ·l'IPA projects selected for operation
through December 31, and total approved proj ects of all other agencies as of December 31,
1935. Only funds made available by t he ERA Act of 1935 and clearly desi gnated for work
pr oj ects are shovm. Sup pl e:nentary funds, such as Federal loans from other appropriations,
and contribu tions from the State or other a gency sponsoring t he project, do not s."?poar. It
should be noted that the t otal value of projects shown in this tabulation is considerably
less than the total allocat ions made throu gh Decembe r 31 owing chiefly to the fact that the
data f or PUA and WPA represent projects selected for operation and not total allocations.
PROJECTS INVOLVING ROAD IMPROVEMENT
AND SEWER CONSTRUCTION ARE NUMEROUS
UNDER THE WORKS PROORAM
19
In oonsidering the projects of all agencies, it is apparent that the largest allocations (o-ve $882,000 , 000 or nearly one-third of the total) haw been me.de for highway,
road am street projects. A wide variety of work exists in this group, inoluding work on
Federal-aid highways, farm- to-market road s, city streets, country byways, grade crossing
elimination, culvert construotion, 1urfacing and grading of roads, and roadside 1.mpro-vementa. The work is carried on in cities, towns and rural districts of the various States
and Territories.
Ranking second are onservation actiTities. These include the program of Emergency Conservation Work (CCC) , although other thln strictly oonservation work, such as certain structural a.nd road impro-vanents, are also undertaken by this Agency. Th.e aggregate
allocation of $824,784,642 for oonservation represents almost 30 percent of the total fundsJ
Fatergency Conservation Work alone constitutes about 19 percent ot the total.
Projects for public building oonstruction and repair, totalling $294,137,370, are
almost 11 percent of the total. This phase of the Program «nbraces the construction of
schools and various other public and Federal buildings, the repair and improv811lent of existing public structures, and the ccmditioning of adjoining grounds and facilities. Closely allied to this kind of pr o j ect is the water am sewer system group, canprising 6 percent
of total project Talue, or mor e than $174,000,000. Housing projects to cost almost
$144,000,000 are next in size of allotment. These projects, representing about 6 percent
of the total 'ftlue, are mostly for low cost housing int ended for al um clearance or suburban home development. Projects for improving parks and playgrounds and similar recreational faoilities exceed 4 percent of the total.
V.AhUE OF PROnx::TS PROSECUTED UNDER THE H:>RKS PRO Giu~, BY TYPES
December 1935
Type of Work
Grand Total
Total
Entire Program !/
Percent
Value
of Total
$2,775, 939, 578
Highways, Roads
and Streets
882,316, 078
294,137, 370
Public B~.din,zs
"Housing .,
143,679,834
Playgrounds , Parl:s
and Other Reoreational Facilities 120,357, 308
Conservation
302,200, 542
Water and Sewer
Systans
174,279, 356
Electric Utilities 47,552,322
Airports and Other
Transportation
Faoillties
33,133,241
Educational, Professional and
Clerical
102,997,342
Sewing and other
Goods
68,892,447
Sanitation and
Hll!<h
29,624,586
Emergenoy Conse:rvation Work
522,584, 000
Miaoellaneoua
54,185,152
100. 0
PW.A
(ERA Fund1)
Percent
of Total
Value
WPA Projects Seected for 0Eeration
Percent
Value
of Total
$426,351,220 100.0
$947,732,727
Other
Agencies
Percent
of Total
Value
100.0 $1,401,855.631
100.0
31. B
10. 6
5.1
25,418,832
171,662, 890
101,020,000
6.0
40.3
23.7
362,421,202
87,219,588
2,009,234
38.3
9.2
0.2
494,476,044
35,254,892
40,642,600
35.3
2.s
2.9
4.3
10.9
1,610,098
7,143,302
0.4
1.7
110,121,210
55,087,025
12.5
5.e
26,000
239,970,215
17.l
6.3
1.1
87,844,354
6,568,346
20.6
1.5
86,187,741
1,568,739
9.1
0.2
247,261
39,415,237
2.8
1.2
6,105,470
1.4
23,888,285
2.5
3,139,486
0.2
3.7
76,897,446
0.1
26,099,896
1.9
2.5
68,892,447
7.3
1.1
29,624,586
3.J.
522,584,000
37.3
35,215,224
3.7
18.8
2. 0
18,969, 928
4.4
El
gJ
Illolu.des PWA grants through December 26, WP.A. projeota selected fo r operation through Deoember 31 and
other agenoy projects through December 31, 1935.
Includes Resettlement .Administration Subsistence Homesteads.
Le11 than .05 percent .
20
In addition the Works Program includes educational. clerical and professional
projects designed to provide jobs for white collar workers. Allocations for this type
represent almost 4 percent of the total value of work projects. This group is followed
closely by "goods" projects which not only provide work such as sewing for employable
wanen, but also produce clothing, bedding and other products for distribution to relief
families. Ot:hff 'types of projects, dealing with electric utilities, transportation facilities, sanitation and similar miscellaneous activities instituted under the Works Program, account for the remaining 6 percent of the total.
The three groups of agencies indicated in the table contribute variously to the
total, both as to funds to be expended and as to the particular emphasie to be given to
the different kinds of work projects. The projects under l'l'PA are in general amaller undertakings, usually to improve facilities rather the.n to initiate major oonstruotion work
which is more likely to be undertaken by PWA and, in many instances, by other agencies.
The highway, roe.d and street group makes up a large part of the program tor WPA (38 percent) and for other a.gencies {36 percent). but is relatively small for PWA. The WPA road
projects represent road repair work and minor road construction, often on lesser highways
and farm-to-market roe.de, while the roe.d work of other agencies is conducted chiefly under the Bureau of Public Roads' program which i11Cludes t100,ooo.ooo for Federal-aid highways, ll9e.ooo,ooo for grade crossing elimination and 1196,000.oOO for additional highway
work.
In addition to the program of Emergency Conservation Work conservation activities are undertaken by the Bureau of Reclamation, Soil Conservation Service. Forest Servie e • Bureau of Aniire.l Industry, and Bureau of Entomology and Plant <:c,uarantine • In ma.ny
instances these projects represent extensions of usual activities conducted to improve
soil by irrigation and erosion control• to preserve forests, and to protect animal and
plant life. Sane conservation work, auoh as flood control• ia being carried on under
WPA and to a lesser extent by PWA.
Construction of publ ic bui ldi ngs involving an expenditure of tl71,662.890 oonatitutes more than 40 percent of the PWA program while under the lfPA more than tB7,000,000
or 9.2 percent of its funds, is devoted to construction chiefly in the forms of repair a.nd
improvement work. The relatively unimportant construction operations under the other participating agencies consist chiefly of rep,.irs to regularly maintained field stations of
certain bureaus. Work on schools and other educational buildings comprises nearly threequarters of the total work on buildings done by PWA and a substantial part of the WPA repair programe
The IB6,l87,741 WPA allotment for construction or modernization of water and
sewer systems forms only 9.1 percent of its entire program, whereas the te7 1 844.364 allotted for the same purpose under PWA represent• more than 20 percent of this Administration••
undertakings. Of the other ageDCies. only the Navy and War Departments are conducting work
of this type and on a comparatively small scale.
STRIP CROPPING FOR SOIL CONSERVATION
21
As wi t h pub lic build i ngs and wate r and sewer system project s, housing activities
under PWA contribute the largest amount to the total devoted to thi s type of work and hold
a relatively important position (nearly 26 percent) in the PWA program. The housing oonstruotiou unde r other agencies is found almost wholly under the Resettlement Administration,
while such work ha s a minor role in the WPA program.
Projects for construction and improvement of parks, playgrounds and ot her re creationa l f ac ilities derive almost all their funds f rom the WPA group in which t his type
of work makes up 12 . 5 percent of the total pr o j e ct va lue at a co st of $118,721 , 210 .
"Goods" and sanitation projeO'ts are prosecuted only under WPA and t ogether comprise mor e
than 10 percent of its activities. Various educational, clerical and professional , and
statistical survey projects constitute another 8 . 1 percent of the WPA program, while similar activities under other agencies, to cost about a third a s much, form only 2 pe r cent of
the other agencies' pr ogram. Funds to be used fo r electric utilities, such as the construc•
tion of generating plants antl rural power transmi s sion lines , telephone line repair, and
miscellaneous electrical improvements s which total almost $48 ,000,000, will be spent chiefly under the supervision of other agencies. Transpor t ation facility projects, chiefly
airpo r t work, will expend almost $24,000,000 under the WPA, $6,000,000 under the FWA, and
a little more than $3,000,000 under other agencies.
Thus far the discussion of type of project has been limited to funds prov ided
under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 . Appr oximately $650,000,000 in additional funds has been made available for the
Works Program from other sources. First there
are spons ors ' contributions for WPA projects,
which make up approximately 19 percent of the
total cost of all WPA projects selected for
operation. Lar ge st contributions have been
made for projects i nvolving sanitati on and
health, and public buildings for whi ch the
sponsors a re foo t ing about 25 percent of the
total c os t. Next in order come water supply
and sewer system projects for which the sponsors contri bute al.most 24 percent. For other
types of projeot s the contributions re pr esent
a smaller proportion o! total co st, t hough only
in the case of educational , cler i ~~l and profes sional work and hous ing projects do these
fall below 10 pe rc ent. Funds from sourc es
other than the ERA Act are also provided for
FWA non-Fede r a l projects. FWA grants f r om ERA
funds cons t i t ute approximately 43 pe rcent of
the t otal project cost , while the remainder is
made a vai lable partly by FWA loans , whi ch total
$155,000,000 , and partly by the u se of funds
raised locally, which approximate
$265,000,000. In both the latter
instances, ftmds are actual ly made
available by local bodies though
in the oase of loans this is effected for the time being by borrowing
from FWA ftmds provided under prior
enac'bnents.
fflTING AND BOOK REPAIR PROJECTS
PROVIDE EMPLOYMENT FOR MANY Y«lMEN
Some of the funds spent
tmder the Works Program are recovera ble . Projects carried on by the
Burea u of Reclamation, f or example,
come under this category. These
pr ojects are chosen only after careful engineering and economic analyses
show that the projects can be selfliquidating (One requirement of the
Rec l amation Law is that the r e shall
be 100 percent repayment fo r all cons tructi~n done by the Bureau). The
22
projects of the Rural Electrification Administration represent 1ecu1ed twenty year loans
at three percent interest, The Resettlement Administration also makes rehabilitation loans
(though of smaller amounts) to farmers to help them buy new machinery and to provide much
needed improvements. In a somewhat different Jll8J'lD.er the allocations for surveys of nuisance,
income and liquor taxes in the Bureau of Internal Revenue are recoverable. In this case it
is expected that dditional revenue secured as a result of the surveys will more t han compensate for the outlay.
While many of the expenditures under the Works Progi-a,m are not directly recoverable, the increase in the publicly owned wealth resulting therefrom is notable. New highways, roads and streets, new b~ildings of all sorts have been and are being constructed
and old ones repaired. Slums are being eliminated and replaced with modern low cost housing
units. Parks and playgrounds, airports and other transportation fa.cilitie1, electri c atili•
ties, water supplies and sewer systems are being developed and improved. Conservation work
including erosion control, nood control, forestation and reforestation, preserves and builds
up the national wealth.
Evidence of this increment to the national weal th may be found on closer examination of al.most any of the out1tanding projects or programs. The Bureau of Reclamat ion has
allocations of t20,ooo,ooo for the construction of a dam and power plant at Grand Coulee,
Washington, $16,000,000 for reservoir structure and dam construction at Sacramento, California, $13,000,000 for work on the All-American Canal in California as well as funds for
1118.llY other important projects. The Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration will spend
about $32,000,000 in an effort to rehabilitate the island territory. The Fore st Se rvice is
carrying on work to prevent fire s and otherwise preserve the forests. Other Conservation
work is going on under the supervision of Emergency Conservation Work (CCC) and t he Soil
Conservation Service. Several of the bureaus in the Department of Agriculture a re carrying
on the work of eradi cating plant diseases, cattle diseases and hann.f'ul insects. The r e are
in addition projects calling for research and statistical surveys, the findings of which
will increase the factual knowledge descriptive of the social and economic life of the
country.
Another factor not to be overlooked is the maintenance of certain activi ties carried on by State and local Governmental bodies in more prosperous times; some of t hese had
been neglected during the depression years because of the inadequacies of local funds, with
considerable loss to the communitie s concerned. Improvement and maintenance of existing
facilities and the construction of new public works often represent impossible claims on
the reduced financial resources of local Governments. By incorporating this work under the
Works Program it becomes possible not only to avoid the losses to the community t hrough
such neglect, but also to oontribute facilities which are of value to the community and
would be provided by the community, were funds available for this purpose.
COMMUNITY
RECREATION
CENTER
WlTH
OUTDOOR
BAND SHELL
BEING
BUILT
BY WPA
23
OCCUPATION
OF WORKERS ON RELIEF
Unemployed workers on relief who possess work experience come predaninantly from
the manual oooupations. As shown by the March 1935 relief labor inventory, four-fifths of
the total workers on relief fall in this category. That these manual workers are greatly
over-represented on the relief rolls is evident from the fact that less than three-fifths
of the ga inful workers in the general population nonnally are engaged at manual occupations.
Unskill ed laborers comprise 31 fercent of the relief workers and only 21 percent of t he
worke r s in the general populationJ semi-skilled workers are 22 percent of relief as against
15 percent of the total workersJ skilled workers and foremen are 15 peroent of t he relief
and 13 percent of the total workers; and danestio and personal serrloe workers constitute
12 percent of the relief workers and only 9 percent of the total gainfully employed.
The rEIDB.ining fifth of the persons on relief who possess work experience are
white collar workers or farmers. Relief workers in the white collar oocupations are greatly
under-represented when oompared with workers in the general population. Only 11 percent of
the workers on relief as against 30 percent of the total gainful workers normally engage
in non-manual occupations. Professional and technical, or proprietary and managerial workers
make up only 3 percent of the relief workers as against almost 14 percent of the workers in
general population, while office workers represent only 4 percent of the relief a s against
10 peroent of the total workers. Only 4 percent of the relief as against 7 percent of the
~otal gainful workers normally work as salesmen or at allied occupations. Fann operators
are al so under-represented on the relief rolls, comprising only 9 percent of all t he workers
on relief as against 12 peroent of the gainful workers in the general population. These data
in greater detail, as well as the proportions of men and women in each category, are given in
the tabulation below.
WORKERS ON RELIEF AND TOTAL GAINFUL WORKERS
16-64 YEARS OF AGE, UNITED STATES
Percentage Distribution by Usual Occupation
Occupational
Classification
Gainful Workers
Workers on Relief
(Labor Inventory, March, 1935) U. s. Census, Apri l, 1930
Female
Male
Total
Female
Male
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.2
White Collar Workers
17'7
Professional and Technical
1.6
Proprietors, Managers, and Officials
(non-agricultural)
4.3
Office Workers
3.6
Sal esmen and Kindred Workers
9.4
1.2
1.9
19.3
30.2
25.9
45.5
3.5
6.3
4:-f
TCT
.5
7.3
8.8
2.2
9.7
6.2
6.9
6.8
21. 7
7. 5
79.5
~
13:T
16.7
21.6
79.4
18.l
20.6
25.7
15.3
14.3
10.7
20.1
12.4
11.9
24.6
4.2
5.2
1.0
47.6
8.2
12.7
8.7
9.1
16.0
3.5
5.0
1. 4
27 .0
9.3
11.2
.8
11.8
14.5
2. 1
TOTAL
Manual Workers
Skilled Workers and For emen
Semi-skilled Workers
Unskilled laborers
(a) Agricultural
(b ) Non-agricultural
Domest ic and Personal Se rvice Workers
Farmers
IT:7
3.2
3.1
79.9
100.0
58.0
59.6
52.4
-:a
18 . 2
In summary, it is evident that about four-firths of the total relief labor supply
with work experience possesses skills which can be directly utilized on work projects.
About 34 percent of the total relief workers normally work at occupations of the type f ound
in building and construction projects. An additional 5 percent are skilled workers and
USUAL OCXLPI\TICIB
or
mRICC ltS ,1111 lltLIU ACI.LS 16 - 64 Yf1' RS o , WE
UNI
ueuaL
,.At
I)
TOTAL
..L<
n:o
STUES
!/
roa ... u
TOTAL
.....
FDIIALE
JO TAL ALL OCCUflA 1IOlfS
PROFESS IONAL
ANO
TECHNICAL
-
IO,_CRS
AcTOM
Allc:MI n;:c:H
MTIITa, Scu~T0., ANO fEAQUJta
O•~••n, Aae,ocn ,
82,440
l,803
2, 941
806
0,- ... ,
11cuu.U1to1ere
CLt'Jt8Y•£N .. ,., RD.tttoue IIRKEM
, . 016
oa,e .. aa
963
4,-
0'1A,. , ....
£NII NCCM ( fee ... , CAL)
LArtate, JI.MCI AIC) JueT•~ca
lllll:AII IU18 Ate LIIIIIAlltlA,.., AelllfAUI
MuelCIAM AHO TCACH .. I
Nil.HtlU, TRAIJf[O
o,
tkJIIC
Oft ACGIIY ER£0
Ptf'fllCIANe, $1,11111Q[ONI, AfltO 0ENTIIT9
P\.AY . . OUND AM> AJ;:dlEA 1' I C>MAL IORl(PI
ROOIITEM, Eol TOJII ANO JOUllt... Llan
TCACN Otl
COI.LllE IJflTlltVCTCNta ANO Ptton:N°"9
SCHOOL TIA.CHEM AND DTMC:llt TIACNDtl (N.(.C.}
0JNC:a '-Or'IJNI . .AL Pr;MO.
So11-P•onaa1oe&AL IIOIIIKE-.
ANTIIACT. . , fllOTAAIU ANO Jueuca o, THE Puce
fla4NI Ct .U. AlfO l.AaoAATOAY Ms I ITANTI
OTMUI Satl--P'IIO,CMIOIIAL IOtncE•
PROPAIOORS, lfANAQ(A:S ANO 0HICIALS
Butl.Dl..i C0NntACTORe
ro111nn:111,
ro111ea,-RA1ta•• •
ANO , . . . . Cau11O1
Hucacau,.., PEDOLOU., Ju• AND RAO DULi•
Pato,o'•• "'3A'••
o,,,.•••
.uio
6,264
857
865
15,ce!J
6,797
675
2,271
1,378
20 , 454
284
20,170
SEMI-SK ILLED l(HIC£RS 1111 BUILOIMO AMO CONSTAUCTIOIII
49,057
U,383
2,185
6"2
2,1.s
a
-
788
2,1142
,,,,,,
796
4,496
18
174
J68
l9
6,=
7
832
25
7l8
127
11,253
262
625
1,478
1,072
4,6e9
194
4,46e
2,-
,,no
8,162
184
1,300
6,678
,,az,
7,029
151
5,1157
80, 251
9,172
579
12,305
l,806
6,535
50
79l
)06
15,79'
90
15,705
1,174
1,133
ll
279
821
A,.PADITICD I• BulL.DIM ANO 0oMTIIIUCTICIII
Aall'MAL T .,_tltl
81..AITOII
CA1eao. IIOAKIIII
CAUU.
flllC.Dt (STATION ,UY)
~EltATORe o, 9utL.DI• Alilb C~TIUCTIM (Qut,..Dlf
PltJE LAYIM
r,u.,
CLOnUJNI IMDVSTAID
S Ht •T, COLL.All MIO Cu" fACfOftl ta
Sul r AM> eo... , IUD 0111cu fAC:f0lltl D
CLOTHI . . htDUlftlU (111.E.C.}
28
,,.131
2,8Z2
{IDt'I A.'90 . . . . . , . )
(U:Cfttl C LI IHf AIIID PowOI Pl.Mn•
AIIO BcYfllUO[ ,..,....
rooo
,.,u
eoo,occc~.,. •• ACCOUNTANT ■ UD Auo1 TGIH
CASHI P l (hcE,.T IN BAN.ca)
216,098
25 ,231
6,081
CL(M<O (N.(.C.)
108,611
MDIOtQE1119 ANO ~,.. CE Bove
10,~
Z,324
0.,,-1 C[ lilACMI NC 0PEJl'A'Cllt•
0,,,-1 Ct tilAtuQIJt ■, BAIIK fc:\.L EM
2,901
STtwOGlltA~, $T[JtOTY,.l 1ta, UIIO DICTA"40NC OJtD1A,aaa
Jncaa~ A1110 RAol O OPOIATOAII
,n~Ott£ 0r1:-..,o•
Tvf' I ITI
0TM91 0,,,-1 CC IOAw•a
SALESIE:N ANO IC I NOREO IORKCFtS
Curv-■ HM (SOLi :1
,o.,
ANY)
C0•OCI AL fHVtLDI•
RcAL E•un AGO.Te ANO t•uAANC[ Aeona
SALU•DI AND SALl::a90fllCN {RETAIL STOID)
0TND SA.Lea P[Ailo.6 AIID Ku.,.tED W)Al(IJtl
SK IUCO IOAK[AS ANO rOAEIIO. I~ Bl.DO . ,OM) CONSTA.
BLAcu•11..
8o1 1,.1:ltMAWCM
CaDOITtM
23 , 667
3,363
10,772
1:J,716
8 ,567
128,221
16,687
1,224
80,821
10,6')2
841
2,549
1,9'!!5
2,981
628
,. 70/9
e,ae,
fl7,870
4,1157
27,790
293
1,483
21,71 2
382
10,144
11,827
-
124,607
56, 7)5
4,26'
1,)89
5,705
3,721
12,153
65,841
146
62
1,404
492,57'!1
492,575
15,979
6,497
33,849
13',011
Z2 ,01 ◄
Z2 ,217
11,nJ
8,307
15,979
6,497
)3,849
, ~.011
22,014
[U:CUtlCIA . .
22,217
rORuu,, CONeT11tuc11011 {txcci,r Aoit.o)
ro,u:.MCM, A.Qllo AJIO STAElT COM91'1tuCTION
11,m
8,)07
50,094
l,640
COMau. E~t.11.._.,
32,141
111,461
3,917
18,106
'2,893
7,629
l, 143
J,836
9,559
4,124
10,1 19
PA,-EA HANQEIIII
P\..AOTCREA•
Pu••01•,
Qae .-.-.
Sn.A• r, nD1•
RoortM
SHEn McU.L IOIIKIJII ■
STO.[ Cuna• ANO CaRvGlla
STAUCTI.IUL llltON AND SHQ. .,,_.,..
"t.L
ltallt ■ U:, STONC MO
0fHOI StclU.CD 9olltc .. l •• 8'..D<I. A,c)
Snn•,
._,'!•
Ul>US UID
CAIINCT . . . . . .
CoireucTcal,
sn:a■
uo ST111u RA1LJtOA01 Nm
au■ a
ram0t ( •• faCTOIIICI)
fo.tcaiUt ANO h•H:ctCRa (CxcrtJf •• rACTCMIDI )
LOCO.OTIVC C.01•ICJta ANO ftRIDIDf
l&ActilNlaH, 11111.ll'lltlQHH, fOOL.a¥1Jtl
•ccNA,uca (N.c.c.)
MoL.OOII, fOUNOOII, AND CHTCIII (IICTAL)
SAntn
SKIU.CO IOtbCIJtl IN
, ..... nca
,-t•Tt•
A_, C1teHVI Nf
MIO CO#DtlNI , . .
-TAL W()Rt( . . I (C.WCC:PT Qou, MO SI LWO} (N.E.C.)
SttlUU, . , • .,.. IN Mro. MO 0 t NOI hC>U ■ TIIID (N.£ .C. )
244,719
6,8l6
1,tm
l,518
14,400
17 ,lAO
13,427
36,239
08,246
17,052
9,715
10,'96
6, 7'0
6, 217
7,132
19,664
IJIMIIT•ll•
Bt..UT '"'""CD MO Sun. ~ · - llltLU
CA• MIO Ra I LII0AO SHON
• • • AM> STU\., li&ACNIIIIJIY AMI VCHICI..E I.O"a .
1.,t,UIIIO"I ta ,t,NO CMl't CL1MIN8 [8TAILISHMDITI
LUIIHII NII) Fu-1TV•t
. , ~ hlOUilfllllU (CJlcu, , .. ON ANO $TU&.)
(N.LC,)
,~,.,a
, ~ , P1u,n1• MO AU.IID
,-...,., u
S MOC f ACfCIII I ta
TUTIU IMDUIUID
COTTON Mt LL.I
IOOt.Ot UD 9ollterD lfll.U
fO:YILt INDU!lf'IID (111.E.C,)
•••ccu.Ma:oue ANO . , 1,-cc,,.,m ~. 1.u.,.,a
PAllfTI•, YMIINIINE•, [IU.ICL.a&, (fc. (rActOIIY)
MtO YA-DI ('lAILM>AD)
T.U:ICAI 01,wo•, ~ o.,wa, AIC) CMAur,'l\MII
OlNOI 8O11-SklLLID IOltlcDla IN . . . . AflG OTMD lmutT.ID
S•1toaucx, fu.11111:N,
Uaotto• •• IAa.W'ACfUIIIJfl ANO AU.ID IIIDU9Tllt1H
UBOIDII. IN CLAY, Gu,ae A.m S TOttC l . . , . Hfl•
LAIIOIIGH IN · - - . . . , Sun, 11.Aettl•urr AMD YCNICl..'C: l1C1us,.,n
I ■ LwtUII MO fUINI TIJIII[ . . . . . . T.ICI
UIIOtllM, IN 0fMO We. MIO AU.I ID IIIDUlfttlll
ueoa,.
Uaol lilH hCCPI I ■ llln. A11G Al.,.LllO l~UITIIU
LAia.iC . . IN IIIUIIO AIC> QUAAa1t11, OIL UI0 0Aa 111.LI
32,141
UIOIIIM 011t 0Do JOel ( Gatta Al)
ueoat11• ON RA1UOAoa (Sn•• AMD s,111.u)
11 1,461
3,917
UIO.:lla ON b N , IHaTI MO Sln:M
l.AaOIIIII& t• Sf(lltH ( INCLI.GINI "'°"'TDII)
LA&CNIIIII MO H(U'CJa (N.C.C.) &.N. AIIO CONefllt.
LONOeHa[JIOI ••o STCYatGltn
LuwtCMt:N , Ru'JIJI& MIO 9:>GCICHOHGII
CLCA■ r., 8.MtaM( - - .... Sc,,wc:aCM
18,106
32,893
7,629
], 143
s,.a,
3,836
9 ,5'9
4,124
10,119
241,239
6,836
7,563
l,509
13,185
16,540
13,427
36,239
68,246
cu;
AuT0110a11.c r,.cTcwua
JIDl&t• SMOPe
AUTO.O ■ IU
UNSKILLCO LABORERS
OPcAAJClla 0A (NOINDJte, SUTI ONAAY MD Pouaar..c
PAI NTOIII (IIIO, 1 • fAClO,..,.)
lltOII AND SUD.., ltACNINC:llt'Y AM> VCNI
l'2
181,342
5,654
5,851
3,783
13,7'7
11 5,93,
l6,l62
32,nz
SUueNTD: ANO IIIUT PACICIIIQ MoulD
fooo ...., lkYOIHC ,..,.,. , u (N.(.C.)
8,,..
0TN(llt LA10••·· C.cc,., IJf .... AND AU.ID
(N.C.C.)
,_,.,.,a
..
9
1,215
800
.-2,a10
-.-
870,57..
628,799
12,507
11,832
9,836
33,117
OOMCS Tl C AfCI PERSONAL SERVI C[ 90111.0S
2,-
2,401
8,900
42,810
-
U,620
5,ae5
12,645
17,875
1,104
42,-
8,'87
27,423
1,072
48,694
8, 184
1,046
24,49!5
2 ,840
7,T88
14,467
82,074
22,63,
,.161
10,534
10,9'2,
]6,215
10,642
l0,183
11,245
17,318
19,239
26
24,199
1,912
3,339
18,948
10,527
33,415
86,'79
24,Z'n
1,788
TO, 797
10,948
la, 769
34,518
32, 296
14,(157
19,444
21 ,110
8.J,781
31,336
9,626
42,819
~.)06
14,052
7,435
28,203
80,167
-.19',740
19,910
59,3'6
29,'68
86,906
701,924
42,386
1J.4,lJ5
68,181
112,455
35,954
157,838
...
13,048
,.,
42,202
1 6,381
n,794
888,342
199,337
19,605
59.991
-.29,189
81,502
42,386
132,332
68,179
T12,4S4
315,589
(C.XCCl'T IJf &fC•o)
(HOnu, eouo•• HoWn,
9,715
10,203
6,096
6,t17
7,1'0
19.281
S[lrVANTe (PlltlVU( rAlflLY)
a•
he.)
0.0GILI D
(N.t. c.)
13,198
38,367
l,000
26,0C5'7
38,363
l,000
20,067
.,,,.,,
9AI UM, IAt Tlltu.lH A11G 8AHOIDI.M
DlNOI oo.:anc ,_,., ttaeOM.L
l•v1cr:
31,061
2,a,130
IIOMl:111111
,.,401
Z,"4
23,876
2,111
3,412
6,396
6,662
41,579
14,9"
261
0,1n
9,322
6,403
25'!1
l6'5
379
5,2,919
2,00J
,
2
36'5
,..,
70,143
20,701
20,899
21
263
157,135
13,1M
211,,..
PIIACTI0AL N\#IICI, Holftl TAL ATTOltANT&
4,50!5
1,642
4,!!20
42,1149
9,463
32,0117
5J,681
PoaUJI I
5,-
22,]0II
17,930
629
Cooltl MO CMO"I (Ex,cJtf . . . . , •• u hmtu)
sc11w.ui,a
2,9J7
8,979
1,40l
5,)06
2,779
17,052
186,056
20,515
39,)76
13,423
7,435
27,942
32,1175
Uue,t[HCI (NOT IN lAUNOAT)
"
2',905
, .. ,3J7
CLOJflJt& AND CN<WCNC •
JUITOM, CAICTMIJIII, 1111:To.a
-
399
105,093
313,186
7,054
5,161
170,060
(L(WATOI C.&11ATGal
28:1
807
617,173
21,l01
J,361
BUBlft AC> Br.Aun S... -•11111•
IOOTkAcn
,1,an
105,09J:
499,242
9,991
14,UO
15,740
59,914
6,586
4,752
IHDIID
orr1 cc IOAK£As
]14
886
25,931
16,031
12,663
~DIAfl'la (N.c.c.} ... ""''- AND AU.l,tD lmutTtU D
CHDII CAL AIIID Au1 I]) htoun•u•
t,'66
]14
13,903
5,11115
H.U,O ICllt.V T •uuCIJllllf funu:, WOOD, L&:ano, COMIC, Ere.
IM,IDE - - ~ - , MINa
,,,.,
11116
25,931
11,031
2,8\M
9,836
33,117
47,664
C1e.u, C1ea111tnl ._, Toucco fACfCNII U
Cuy , BL A88 ANO STONE IM>Utt•t ca
2 ,487
22,796
28,631
RUAlt.. Dr.ALIM MO IAJIA<IGla (111.c.c.}
0TNl;,t JIII0PAlctOllltl, lilAMA<IOtl AfCt l)r'y1ctAL8
AMO OTM[R INDUSfAIES
O•taaMAtcDa MID II U.I NCM
Qo;\IIIGCIII, lf.H"rpe MD Pet..llHIM (IIC.fAL )
fUMU,c<N IN, HCATt:a, SCLfl-Df
Quu1oe , IATc.itD Alm 000.[El'IM
2l6
2,487
8,900
BA.cDla
8Utc£M[N (RAIU:OAO )
DCL. IVEIIYIIDI
••uew, ,,.,...,... coe.
&ND 8AIUOH
wa.
2,487
204, 994
ICU>OIO
0TNIJt s,.1-s.:1u.m "°"9(r:M , . 81..N. MD CONIITa.
ERS IN
310,401
2,401
RooMCN AIID CHAINCN (SU1tvn1•)
f• ucec A_, TIACTCII 01111 YDI
SEMI -SKILL(O IQ
310,4'01
1,566
1,111
,e,•~
J,327
a, 121
21,371
'1l
20,,..
3, 10.,
16,913
4,7912
15,,..
21,166
. .,,011
,..
4,,0,096
14,405
1,l42
, ,n4
s.s,tee
164
17,796
21,079
zs,,,.
30,407
J7,2Z'I
FARM OPERATORS AND UB0AEAS
'83
FAA•
rca,.oi,
,....,.
...,..,r., ..,.
ov ...1 t •
rAM UNttlllll
INUPC RICNCEO PEAICJlltl
Pc:MO!ltl 1tr,2.. "t'CII . . 0, AH (INCLUIIWI)
fl'lMOIIII 25 Yl[Alltll ANO 0wU
""""°• OCCUl'ATl<II
70,512
25
foremen in manufacturing and other industries (cabinet-makers, toremen, ma.ohiniats, mechanics, tinsmiths, etc.) with skills readily convertible to Works Program employment. Another
9 percent, or about half of the aemi-akilled workers in manufacturing and allied indus~ries
(who comprise 18 percent of the total workers on relief), also possess akilla which are
fairly easily adapted to Works Program employment. Thia group includes such workers aa delivery men, miners, dressmakers, seamstresses, taxicab drivers, etc. Farm operators and
laborers, whose alcills can b$ used for rural oonatruotion, reclamation, conservation and
soil erosion projects, comprise 20 percent of the total number or rel ief workers. The re•
maining 11 percent ot all relid
workers normally work at white oolla.r
occupations. Thia group includes
WORKERS ON REL!Ef
D TOTAL GAi F L WORKERS
persona in the profeaaiana - engineers, teacher,, musicians, artist e,
I THE
!TED TATE . GE 16-64 YEARS
clergymen , nurses, eto. - as well as
Percentage D, ·1nb11tion by TIJPe of Us ual Oc upttlion
P er cent or T ot 11l
proprietors,
managers and officials,
JO
f
5
5
1'
6
30
Ty pe of
, I,
and office and sales workers.
Oc upotion
NJ
UNSKILLED L ABORCRS
It ahould be noted that in
comparing the major oocupe.tional
groups mentioned above the description of the oeoupational b&okgrotm.d
of persona on relief baa been much
simplified. In reality, within each
major group are included per1ons who
possess previous work experience representing a wide range of akill s.
Thia may be observed in the table on
the preoeding page whioh relates to
employable persona on re lief duri ng
March , 1956.
SEM I - SKILL ED
WORKERS
SKILLED WORKERS
ANO FOREMEN
DOM & PERSONAL
SERV ICE WORKERS
PROPS MANAGER S
ANO OFf lCIAL S
-
In addition t o the experienced workere discus sed above, the
relief r olls include employable perOFF IC E WORKERS
sona with no previous work experience
who represent about 16 percent
Key
of
the
total number of employable
Worker, on Jlefi,I, Morell 1931
SALESMEN ANO
KINDRED WORKER S
~ Comlufly Cmptoyt>d./lprtl 1930
person• on relief. They are mainly
(lj tA
young persona who have reached working age during the depression year•
PROfESSIONAL ANO
■
and
who have never found employment,
TECH WORKERS
and housewives who have been forced
upon the labor market by economic
necessity. About two-thirds of these
inexperienced persona are youths between 16 and 26 years of age. The inexperienced person•
above this age group are almost all women. Only 18 percent of the inexperienced persona
are the economic heads of their families. The remainder are members of families which contain experienced workers. A number ot projects designed t o provide useful employment and
increase morale, are being planned and executed by the National Youth Administration for
inexperienced youths as well as for yoimg persons with work experience.
U.S Ce1t.1r£J of hpul.allon}
26
SEWERS FOR SMALL COMMUNITIES
CONSTRUCTING FORMS FOR CONCREI'E PAVING
TO IMPROVE A RIVERSIDE ESPLANADE
AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE WORKS PROGRAM
EXPERIENCES AND DEVELOPMENTS THROUGH DECEMBER 1935
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION
BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
OTHER AGENCIES
Z7
IV• WORKS PROGRESS All!INISTRATIOW
By Exeoutin Order 7OM th Pr ident on May 6, 19S5 established the Works Prog•
ress Administration, with responsibility for th •honest, effioient, speedy, and ooordin•
ated exeoution of the work relief program as a whole, ana fo the exeoution of that program in suoh manner as to move tram the relief rolls to work on such projeots or in private anployment, the maximum nunuer of persona in the shortest time possible.• To discharge
this responsibility the WPA was given, in additton to ita general coordinatillg pawera with
respeot to the entire program., the authority to oarry on small, useful projeota to provide
a maxi.mun or employment, insofar aa this ia not provided on projects operated by other agen•
cies .
To oarry out the program State Administrations have been set up. These State
Administrations are charged with the execution or polioies within the States, and with
direct supervision of proj eots of a State ....ide nature. Actual supervision of proj ects ot
more localized soope is delegated to more than SOO work district administrations which
have been set up as a major units or operation within the States . Further details regard•
ing the operating procedure of the WPA are given in a later aeotion or this report.
Through December Sl, 1935 allocations of tl,162,688,914 to the WPA had been ap•
proved by the Canptroller General. or this total tl,O7O,632,646 covers work projeota oper•
ated under the State Work Programs and WPA Sponsored Federal Projects. The total also in•
cludes t47,166,268 for the National Youth Admin11tration, set up within the WPA by Exeou•
tiTe Order, and t45,00O,00O tor administrative purposes.
TYPES OF PROJECTS ON THE VfP A PROGRAM
learly 163,000 projects were available by January 15, 1936 tor operation under
the ,-arious State organizations ot the WPA, a panel that would require about t4,6BO,OOO,OOO
of Federal tunds it all were to be proseouted. The distribution of these projeota, by type,
is ahown in the table on the following page. As indicated in the aooClllpanying chart, projects totalling almost t4,50O,OOO,O00 had bean approved tor operation by Deoember Sl, 1935,
while at the same time onl7 tl,117,688,914 had been allocated for work projects and NY.A aotirlties. The excess or the value ot approved projects over allocat ions is intended to perm.it flexibility in the selection of projects for operation, in acoordanoe with the available
labor supply, cost, weather conditions, and other factors associated with the needs of the
ftrious oc:mmunities.
,o
percent in value and 32 perHighway, road and street projects canpriae about
or work on tarm-toprimarily
consi1ting
category,
Thia
approvals.
all
of
number
cent in
market roads, ntanbered road
aystss (exclusive or Federal
highways) and oity streets,
also inoludes construction
WPA WORK PROJECTS
and repair of bridges, via•
MILLIONS OF
VALUE Of PROJECTS APPRO\'r.o· AND EM PLO) MENT
MILLIONS OF
ducts, culverts, roadside
o~~.=-s- - - ~ - - - ~ - - ~ -- - ~ - --~--------,P;'.'toNs
ditches , drains, retaining
wall• and other roadside hl•
provements. The preponder,/_,----------14.0
•.0001 - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - + - - - - + - - -~
ance of this type or project
/"n,.s1U~n1t.t.l ..llpP-_roOIJIJ
may be explained in tema ot
1,y Tlte t'ollf,Dlroll,r
the constant pressure trca
____ _ 3.0
/1- c,n,r•l
- r -·___ _
'\l:
the public tor construction
or new, and repair of exist,/·-,,1-----1 2.0
_ / 1·
2.0001 - - - - - 1 - - - - - + ,
I
ing roads and the relatin
,/
:
facility with which project
-~/~I ,' P,r.,onJ
1.0
1,000 -----+-----+----J---+
applications tor such work
oould be submitted, ainoe
_____ :-::-::.:-----,,the experience of public ad•
ministrati ve bodies with
OCTOBER
JULY
,..
.,, ___ ......,_.....,___ --- ., .... ,,, ,. .
etreet and road project•
oould r•dil7 be drawn upon.
,
1-
._
-
WarrantJ Coanhr.11y;tf'fl
28
NUMBER AND VALUE OF WPA PROJECTS APPROVED BY THE PRESIDENT BY TYPES
JANUAIIY 15, 1936
NET PROJECT VALUE
PROJECTI
TYPE or PROJEC1
NIAIIIER
PEIICDIT
00LLAR8
PERCENT
100.0
$4,579,359,147
100.0
31.7
1,810, 118,&48
39.5
16.8
8. 1
2.8
o.6
2.2
1.2
1,060,086,839
443,392,030
121,421,844
25,321,450
49,209,047
110,687,638
23.1
9.7
2.6
0.6
1•1
2.4
487,146, 993
10.6
34,738,426
so, 100,147
147,762,246
91,096,028
4,217,805
20,600,897
50,696,873
196,997
8,951,221
48,786,353
o.s
1.7
3.2
2.0
o. 1
o.4
1•1
399,211,378
0.1
732
503
11,923,174
354,529,028
12,510,530
20,248,646
0.3
7.7
0,3
0.4
7,305
293,807, 134
6.4
55,396,133
25,069,875
125,923,144
87,417,982
1.2
0.6
13,575
482,443, 701
10.s
IATER PURIFICATION ANO SUPPLY
SEWERS AND DISPOSAL PLANT8
ELECTRIFI CATION
OTHER
4,495
a, 125
474
481
100,920,017
361,259,040
9,050,901
11,213,743
2.2
7.9
0.2
0.2
AI RPORTS AND OTHER TRANSPORTATION
2,071
152,706,428
3.3
444
38,137,428
100,199,669
6,369,331
o.e
2.4
o. 1
441,927, 727
9.7
66,860,744
93,307,024
122,357,546
89,947,141
66,703,844
2,751,428
1.5
2.0
2.0
1.4
0.1
295, 553,584
6,5
6,153
2,476
253 ;209, 728
-42,343,856
5,6
0. 9
SAN ITATI ON AND HEALTH
3 , 868
124,144, 184
2,7
"'I SCELLANEOU6
4,809
92,299,170
2. 1
20,871,921
71,427,249
0,5
1, 6
GRAND TOTAL
162,847
HIQHDYI ROADI AND 6TREETI
HIQHWAY8 AND ROAD8
STREET& AND ALLEY&
SIDEWALK& CURBS AND GUTTERS
ROADS IDE IMPROVEMENT&
BRIDGES VIADUCT& AND CULVERTS
OTHER
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
ADMINISTRATIVE
CHARITABLE MEDICAL AND MENTAL
[DUCAT I ONAL
SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL
PENAL AND CORRECTI VE
F'EDERAL GOVERNME NT BUILDI NQI
IMPROVEMEN T TO 8UILOINQ8 ANO GROUNDI
HOUBINQ
0EtAOL IT I ON
OTHER
27,410
13 ,205
4 , 472
995
3,513
1,984
36,848
2,829
2,045
18,897
3,900
405
484
5,314
13
298
1.7
1 .3
11.6
2.4
0.2
0.3
3.3
2,663
PARKS AND PLAYOROUNDI
ATHLETI C F' I £LOB
PARKII
BEACHES AND SW IMMI NG POOLS
OTHER
F'LOOD CONTROL AND OTHER CONSERVAT ION
F'ORESTAT ION
EROSION AND LAND UTILIZATION CONTROL
IRR l~ TION AND IATER
OTHER
PUBL IC UT ILI TIES
NAV IGATION
AIRPORTS AND AIRWAYS
OTHER
ED UCA TI ONAL, PROFESSIONAL AND CLERICAL
(DUCA T I ONAL
CLER ICA L
PROFESS IONAL AND TEQiNICAL
RESEARCH STATISTICAL AND NON-STATIITICAL SURVEYS
RECREATI ON ORAMA ART AND MUSIC
OTHER
SEWING AND OTHER GOODS
SEWING
OTHER
DISTRIBUTION or SURPLUS COU..ODITIEB
PROJECTS NOT EL8[WHERE CLASllrlED
659
7,583
704
743
2,715
3,143
0.4
0.5
1.7
1.9
1,568
59
24,686
15.2
2,429
7,601
6, 070
5, 484
2,720
382
8,629
2,841
1,968
5.,3
1.7
1 .2
0.2
1 .,
2.1
1.9
2.1
29
Projeota involving work on publio buildings are the next largest group. olosely
followed by aewer and water systems and other publio utilities. Eaoh of these oonstitutes
almost 11 per oent of the total value of ffPA projeota. In the ·public buildings group, the
oonatruction and repair of aohoolhousea and other eduoational buildings predominate. Within the public utilities group about three-qU11rtera of the value is represented by projeota
involving the repair and new oonstruotion of sewera, sewage systems and disposal plants.
ll'hit e oollar projeota of an educational• clerioal. professional and sooial nature
make up approximately 10 percent of the total value of approved projeots. Among these eduoational projeots providing vocational training ola ■ ses, general adult education. nursery
sohools, literaoy c l a sses, and domeatio instruction will give work to many unemployed
teachers. Project s such aa making inventories of publio property, renovating and recopying
public records , coding• indexing. and filing are to provide work for persona of olerical
training. Along lines of publio health ..nd welfare are projeota for nursing, and also tor
the preparation of lunohea for undernourished aohool children. Projects for research and
surveys include studies of farm labor conditions, building construction permits, real
property inventories. imports, conaU111ption of goods and aervioea by urban and rural fami•
lies, rural realty , atatistica of orime, and other studies of .. aimilar nature.
Park and playground projects, largely for the improvement of local, State and
Federal parka, represent almost 9 peroent of the value of all approved projects. while
goods projects are next in order with about 7 percent of the total value. The latter not
only provide work f or unakill d women worbrs, but also supply clothes. bed linen, mattresses. and the like for needy families. Con.aervation projeota, the only other type representing more th.an five percent of the total value of approval•• airport and other transportation project s, sanitation and health projects. and miscellaneous aotivities complete
the register of a ppr oved ffPA projects.
It is t\mdamental to the Prognm tlat projects originate in applications of
looal governments, submitted b7 th• to the WPA . Review by WPA prior to approval 1a provided to insure oompat ibility with the need.a and polioie ■ of the Works Program.
PROJECTS SELECTED FOR OPERATION
The projects diacu aaed above are those whioh have received Presidential appr oval.
From this reservoir, State Works Progre aa Adndnistratora have made aelectiona for actual
operation. In makin2 ael eat:iona tba a dministrato r■ have had to recognize suoh limiting
taotora as the resideme and
■kill of eligible workers. the
tunds available (both aponsor ■'
pA PROJECTS SELECTED for OPERATION
con:tributiona and Federal money).
Throu~h Dece mber 31 . 1935
weather oondi tiona and the neJ>ol/,r.J
Total Co.,r IA Mlll/o,u
oeaaity or oonxpleting jobs or
=I -I -I -I
N
N
N
I'
I
It
I
I
I
units of joba onoe begun.
w
o,
0
l
I
I
I
I
I
It
t
I
I
#
I
I
I
-
It
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
/lit:l11ruy.• ,mrf RDHrl.f. etc
'""I'' ,...,."' ,. .u..r,,.,. ·""
.r,rr,17•hd ..lll#JI' )
h,rn, fn Af11rJer and
flt/Irr S,c-onderv HOBds
/'11rJ:, 11nd 1'l11y5roflnda
.Ytrr•ryf., ond .1/lley s
/'11/Jlir Bulldur,rs
IYatrr Suppl!,' and
Srwrr SystrnM
t:rfflcll f1onal, l'rofe.s.,fonal
und Clerical
Se,oin.r and Other
Goods Pro.feet ,
/'lood Control and
Other ConserOllllon
Saniflltion .rnd Health
Airport, ..nd .A'aoi!{ation
-
All Ot//rr
-
Although developments
were more rapid in certain States
than in other ■, by Deoember Sl
aore than 69.000 work projeota
had already been aeleoted tor
operation at a total estimated
cost of almost ti,110.000.000.
Of this amount. sponsoring State
and local Governmental bodies
will contribute 222 million dol•
lars or about 19 percent of the
total cost. Four major type•
of public improvements - those
tor highway, road and street
projects, public buildings, water supply and sewer aystama,
and parka and playground• - aoooun:t for about 71 percent of
the total oost of the projeota
aeleoted tor prosecution.
30
IPA PROJECTS SELECTED roR OPER ATION BY TYPES
DECEMBER 31 1 1935
TYPE
OF PROJECT
Nur.lBER
OF
PROJECTS
TOTAL APPROVED COS T ESTI MA TE
TOTAL COST
'II p A
S POrJSORS '
CONTRISUTION
DOLLARS
PERCDH
CONTR I BU TEO
BY SPONSO RS
DOLLARS
PERCENT
r uNo s
DOL.1.ARS
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
69,152
1,169,650, 800
100,0
947, 732, 727
221,918,153
19 , 0
23,105
330
9,920
4,955
997
28
6,975
"61, G33,337
9,233,784
158,753,730
121,358,621
11,171,466
245,628
160,870,108
39 ,5
0,8
13,6
10,4
1,0
99,212,13 5
2,757,072
42 1 33f.,tC7
21, 849,286
2, 861,005
40,952
29,367,1 53
21,5
29,9
13,7
362,421,202
c , 476,712
116,417,063
99,509,335
8,310,461
204,676
131,502,955
9,508
5,266
222
4,020
11 5, e24,103
43, 409, 192
6, 123,"/70
61 ,212,151
9,9
4,2
0 ,5
5.2
87,219,588
34,767,775
5, 566, 907
4G, '384,906
28,604,515
13,720, 407
556,863
1 4 , 32 -✓ , 245
24.7
28.3
9, 1
23,4
56
2, 162,9::'l
0.2
2,009,234
1 53,704
7,1
PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS
4,892
136,208 , 282
11,6
11 8 , 721,21 0
17,467,072
12.0
fLOOO CO" TROL APJD OTHER CONSERVATION - T~TAL
2,989
252
293
5 .6
0 ,3
0, 5
3, 6
729
c5, G31 1 Xl5
2, 883,562
6, 002, 1 n2
42,307 ,428
13, 888 , 723
55,087,025
2,627,461
3,447,174
36, 9e6, 809
12,025,581
9,99;;, 'l~O
256,1 01
2,555,018
5,320,519
1, 863 ,142
15.4
8.9
42.6
12.6
13,4
t ,2~6
1,990
3, 906
278
11 2, 878 ,138
30,33 6,148
77 , 591,1 07
4,950, 683
9,6
2. 6
6.6
86,187,741
21,015, 1C'4
61,526,236
3, 646,401
26 , 690,397
9, 321 , 04;;
16,064, 871
1,304, <:82
23,6
30,7
13 0
0 ,2
o. o
o .,
0,1
1, 563, 739
72 , ( 17
e25, 7 07
G70, 415
4CG, 962
39, 800
234 , 51 5
1 g2 , 647
23, 889 , Z~~
19, 323 , ,,01
4 1 554, PA;;
3, 2£!6 , 749
1 , 061,371
, s.3
1 4 ,4
16,9
6 1 CC2 1 A34
ie, 296, 09~
12,049,1 22
22, 712, 200
3, €'97, 175
7, 931, 860
2, ?9'1, 0:e;:
E'4C 1 3c8
2, /427, 834
1, oe2,on
Q1e , o3o
365, 068
9, 4
14 . ~
12.3
11, 7
7 ,8
3,9
8.6
8 1 363, 79•
4,9to9, 501
3,394,2 93
10.8
8 ,2
20,7
(1)
GRAND TOTAL
HI GHWAYS 1
ANO STREETS - TOTAL
ROADS,
Hl';HWAVS
r ARM TO MARKET ANO OTHER SECONDARY ROADS
S TREE TS ANO ALLEYS
9RIDGES AND VI A~UCTS
GR ADE CRO SS 1 NG ELIMlrJA TI ON
OTHERlj
PueLIC BU ILDI NGS - TOTAL
EDUC AT I 0~.JA L
GL1 I LO I :-J f. S
FEUERAl. GOVCRrnEN T
8U ILDl ;I/GS
0 THER lj
H OU S l :JG
fORE S T A TI 01.J
EROSI ON CONTROL ANO LAF JQ UTILI ZA TI Or l
IR AIC ATI ON ANO \'J AT£ R CONS[RVA TI ON
OTH ER
lj
\\AT ~~ SUP PLY
AND SE WER
SYSTEMS -
WATE R PlJP. IF"I CATION ANO
TOTAL
SUPPLY
SEWER SY STEMS
OTHER lj
cLECTa (C UTI LITIE S - TOTAL
'1,725
o,o
1.2
.4
(6)
(7 )
z:. .1
18,0
25.6
16.7
18,3
20,1
26.3
2Z'..9
35 ,4
GE!'JE:h AT I :JG PLA•JT A°'J O EQU I p· ·r-N T
16
TJ;A NS'1 ( SE I O• Af'iD OI S T~IBUTt :. N LINES
OTHER' lj
52
62
2,035, 701
112,417
1, 050,222
e53 , 0c2
470
3,&
142
20 , 196 , ~(:5
22, :,10,1 50
S, (•2o , ::55
2 ,4
1,9
0, 5
10,109
2,2 01
, , 7 J1
84, 829,306
15 1 437, ~C9
a,0;;2, :::02
3,037
1, 000
1, c n
2 C, 725 1 9Zl.l
7,3
1,3
0 ,6
1,8
400
4,2!:3,0<:3
4 1 1320
3, 592
1 1 23C
77,~56,241
co, r w,53 6
1c, '.27 , 7'.Y.;
o, c
5 ,2
1 •.;
68, 892, t',t,7
55 , es9 ,035
1 3,C'-33,412
Z,3 ·1~
39, AJl 1 5~2
3, 1,
;: 9, L24, ~'36
10, 20<.\ 9G6
25.6
.:,soo
4J,712,on
3.7
35 1 21 5,Z24
o, 4~7, 740
19.4
TRANSPOr- TATI ON - TCTAL
AI RPO~l.C l\~iO AlP\~AY!i
OTHERlj
[0 11Ct. TI C'lr-:AL 1
PROF"E &~ I C~.iA L1 Ar:D
CLEO I C,\ L - Tn AL
EDUCATIO NAL
CLE~ I C~L
Fn0 F"E S5 I o:: AL At :D
TE CHNICAL
RESEARCH ArJO STATl!TfCAL !URVEY3
ART, LI TE RARY 1
OTHER lj
ANO r. ECR !: ATIO/\A L
Gooc c- FPOJECTS - TO TAL
SEWING
0T'1~R lj
SM!ITATl ~s
Ar;O K~ AL TH
MISCELLANEO US
lj l r;c L•Jo,:s OROJECTS CLAS61Fll-9LE Ut!O ER MORE THAN Ot;E or
TI-IE HEADINCS ABOVC
13, 931,1 94
1.2
23 , 620, QJO
2 ,0
0,4
7C1 G97 , "~
13, E !),421
,i,3 0C , 120
22.1
,2.3
31
Most important a.re projects for the oonstruotion and repair of highways , roe.de,
bridges and streets. This group oonstitutea 39.5 percent of the total cost of all pr ojeota
seleoted for operation t hrough Deoember 31, 1935. For this seotion of the program approxi mately 22 peroent of the funds are being oontributed by sponsors. About one-third of all
funds to be expende d on the entire road and street program will be devoted to extens i on s
and improvements of farm-to-market r oads .
-- --
7
VALUE
Or WP
PR OJECT
ELECTED F'OR OPERA TIO
Throu~h Ht•cember 3l, 1q35
Other important items in the progr am
include flood control and oonservation pr ojects
vital to the preservation of natura l re s ouroes
and the prevention of property dama.ge and loss
of life, whioh amount to 5.6 percent of the total.
Also included are sewing, canning and othe r pro jects for the pr oduo tion of simpl e nece ssi t i es
for distribution among the needy, which a ccount
for 6.6 percent of the total cost . The se projects will provide employment for women f rom r elief rolls.
P a y r oll s
66.3
Improvements to community r eor eat ional
faoilities, whioh oonsist largely of parks and
playgrounds, constitute 11 . 6 perc ent of t he t otal
cost . Repair and oonstruotion of publio buildings such as sohools, hospitals, childr en ' a homes ,
libraries, oity halls and courthouses wil l r equire
9.9 percent of the total expenditures . Spons ors
are oontributing about one-fourth of t he tot al
cost of these work projeots. Construotion and
modernization of water supply and sewer systems
will involve expendi t ures amounting to 9. 6 per oent
of the tot al.
0
Transportation projects, nearly all of which relate to airports and airway f a cilities, amount to 2.4 percent of the total cost of the program, while Sll.I!itation and heal th projects , housing, electric utilities and miscellaneous projects respectively constitut e 3.4,
0 . 2 , 0.2. and 3.7 percent of the total cost. Employnumt for educational, profe s s ional and
clerioal persons is to be provided on projects oalling for the expenditure of 7.3 pero ent of
the total funds, based on seleotions for operation through Deoember 31.
Comparison between major classes of projects approved by the President and t hose
se l ected for operation with respect to the cost in terms of Federal funds can be made by
r eferenc e t o the table below. For only one class of projects, park and playground work, is
t he pe rc entage of the total selected for operat ion markedly different from the corre sponding
project approvals.
APPROVED WPA PROJECTS MID PROJECTS SELECTED
FOR OPERATION, BY TYPE OF WORK
Type of Work
Grand Total
Righway 11 , Roads and Street s
Public Building11, inoluding Rousing
Parks and Playground11
flood Control and Other Conservation
Publio utilities
!!lirports and Other Transportation
J:c111oatioaa.l, ProfessiollAl and Clerical Project11
Sewing and Other Goods Projects
Sani~ation and Eealth
,.,isoell.&neo,.111
Projects Approved by
the President
January 15 1 1936
Peroent
Value
of total
{VIPA F-..mds)
Projects Seleoted for
Operation
Dececber 31, 1935
Percent
Value
of Total
{,'IPA Funds)
$4,579,359 ,147
100.0
$947,732,727
100, 0
1 ,810,118,848
467,146,993
399,211,378
293, 807, 134
482,443,701
152,706,428
441, 927,727
295,553,584
124,144,184
92,299,170
39 . 6
10.6
B.7
6,4
10.s
3.3
9.7
6.5
2.7
2.0
362,421 , 202
89,228,822
118,721,210
55,087,025
87,756,480
23,888,285
76, 897,44.P
68, 892,447
29,624,586
35,215, 224
38, 3
9.4
12. 5
s.e
9. 3
2. s
8.1
7. 3
3. 1
3.7
32
A classification of WPA projeots baaed on oonstruotion as contrasted with nonconstruction types reveals that construction projeots aocount for 81.1 peroent of the total
oost of projeots aeleoted for operation through Deoember 31. 1936; non-oonstruction type,
including professional and clerioal project,, goods projeot1, foreatation. eroaion oontrol ,
improvement• to gr0tmds around public buildings, eto. aocount for the r-.ining 18.9 peroent of the total oost. When conatruotion projects are further subdivided, diatinguilhing
new oonatruction from repairs. modernization and improvements,. it is found that the former
represents 56.2 percent or the total cost or all projeota and the latter 44.9 percent.
These data are presented in the tabulation below.
'i{f'A ,.;01;sTROCTIC't{ Al:t) !lON-Co.-sT:m:;Tio·· l'ROJECTS SEL!X:'1'Ell FOR OPr:::ATIOE
C!.~!'lJLATIVf: T;:?Ql,'G'.! Dl!X::'EJ.JlEP. 31 1 1935
Nu:nber of
Pro.iects
Amount
Grand Total
69,152
$1,169,650,880
100.0
49,065
948,544,645
81 . 1
22,384
9,046
3,109
10,229
26,681
14,059
6,399
6,223
424 1 066,C93
135,157,126
46,014,603
242,895,164
s24,4n,1s2
326,476,211
69,809,500
128,192,041
36.2
11.6
3.9
20.7
20,087
221,106,235
Co :i struction pro.Jects - tot:i.l
A. r;ev, co nstruction
Hi.:':}n-rays, ro:-..ds, and str~ets
Public buildings
Other n~ oo~struotion
B. Rei'e.irs, t.:odernizat ion and Improvements
Hir'b'tl:3.ys, roads ard s-t;reets
Pub lic buildings
Other repairs
Non-oo r.st!"Uction projects - total
y
Total Approved Cost !!:stimat e
Percent of Total
Type of i'lo rk
y
44.9
27.9
6.0
n.o
18.9
Includes forest::ition and erosion oorrtrol, educatbnal, professio:-ial and olerioal p:ujects, goods
projects, he~lth projects, etc.
From the table on page 50 the total estimated oost of projeot1 seleoted for operation through Deoember 31, 1935, is seen to be tl,169,650,880, of whioh sponsors' oontributions amoW1t to t221,918,153 or 19.0 peroent of the total. Sponsors' contributions generally
represent pledges of materials, supplies. and equipment as indicated by the fo l lowing summary.
Total amount pledged by sponsors
Direot labor
Materials, supplies and equipment
Amo\Ult
Percent Distribution
t221.918,153
30.144,504
191,773.649
100.0
13.6
86.4
In contrast, 4 out of every 5 dollars to be expended on theae projeots from WPA funds go
directly to the workers in the form of wages. That WPA funds are used chiefly for the employment of labor is indicated below.
Total oost in WPA fund1
Direct labor
Material•, supplies and equipment
Amount
Peroent Distribution
$947.752,.727
745,412,607
202,520.120
100.0
78 .7
21.s
The fact that sponsor•' contributions are large and oonsiet ohieny of material•
permi ta the development of substantial projeots without diverting a l arge -p ro port ion of
Federal funds from the major purpose of providing for the wa.gea or relief workers . The
chart on page 31 illustrates the great difference between the purposes for whi ch WPA f\lnd1
and s ponsor•' oontributiona are utilized.
33
F.ARM-T0-14.ARKET ROADS
Among the types of projects included under lfPA State Work frograms, tann-tomarket road work is outstanding both in i t s r elative ■Cl ope and in resultant economic and
social benefits. It is estimated that about 65 percent of the nation's fanns a re situated
on unimproved dirt roads. Consequently a l arge po rti on of the 20,000,000 people who reside on these farms are periodically subject to being marooned in bad weather, unable to
get their children to school and their produce to market or load i ng points, or to secure
supplies and medical aid, or even t o r ec eive their mail.
The Farm-to-market road wo rk undertaken ae part of the lfPA Stat e Work Programs
is directed toward providing adequate transportati on facilities in rural ar eas . It contemplates not the construction of hard f i nished highways, but general improvement of the
leu frequented but more extensive dirt roade and trail ■• The wo k of converti ng a roadway into an adequate thoroughtare ranges from the construction of new culverts and extensive surfacing, gravelling and drainage to t he filling in of hol l ows and ditches.
Projects definitely classifiable as ta.rm-to-market roads formed more than 14
percent (on the basis of estimated total cost) of all lfPA projects selected for operation
by State Administrators through
December 31. The total cost of
such road project s either
start ed or ready t o get under
way by thi6 date amount ed to
ab out $159,000, 000 of which
almost 27 percent will be contributed by the ponsor s . In
onl y fi ve ot er types of pro jects , all much l ess important
in terms of estimated cost, do
the sponsors put up a l arger
proportion of the total cost
of the project s selected for
operation under the various
State Work Programs . The reports from 48 St at es which
yielded the above i nformation
also indicat e that more than
t hree-quarters of t he WPA funds
used on farm-to-market road
projects will be spent for
STONE SURFACING FOR RURAL ROADS
wages. The bu l k of sponsors'
contributions will be used for material purchases and other cost s with unde r 16 percent
going for wages. Of the total estimated cost of fann-to-market road work init iated during the period covered by these reports, about 60 percent will be spent for payrolls. In
addition to work definitely classifiable a s farm-to- market r oads , an i ndet erminate portion
or bridge, viaduct, and miscellaneous road pro jects also contr ibute t o th improvement
of rural roads. The construction of a bridge to replace a f ord whi ch made an otherwise adequate road impassable during some seasons may actually belong under the farm-to-market category. It is evident, at least, that the data covering farm-to-market road wo rk , as such,
presented here and in the table on page 32 of t his report understate to a cons i derable degree the actual scope of the work unde rtaken t o impro ve r ural road systems .
Outstanding among States with farm-to-market road programs are Texas , I lli nois,
Ohio and Pennsylvania, in which projects with an est imated tota l cost of between 10 and 17
million dollars are being undertaken, and whio h together have about a third of the total
farm-to-market road lft>rk within their boundaries. Ca lifornia, Hew York, Michigan, Missouri,
West Virginia, Arkansas, and Georgia also report between 6 and 10 million dollars in projects of this type underway or ready to start.
Another aspect of the relative importance of tars-to-market road work ii brought
out by the relationship of projects of thia type to the entire work prograiua of individual
States. Texas occupies the foremost position on this basi1 alao, with 46 percent of its
projects involving work on farm-to-market roads , whi l e West Virginia and Arkansas are next
in order with 37 percent. More than 26 percent of the value of all projects selected for
operation in Vennont, Maine, South Dakota , Iowa , and Tennessee represent this type of work.
The number of pers ons employed on WPA projects, as represonted by the payrolls
ending within the month of December, indicate that about 360,000 men were working on
farm-to-ma.rket road projects in 47 States (Delaware has no projects of this sort). In
terms of the total employment on farm-to-market road projects Ohio headed the list, followed by Illinois, We st Vi r gi nia, Mi ssouri, and Texas . However, owing to the wide variation i n the size of the State Work Programs and in the speed with which they got under way,
a more accurate gauge of the importance of this work in providing employment is the ratio
of the number of persons engaged in farm-to-market road work to total State employment on
WPA projects. On this basis West Virginie. is outstanding , with 56 percer.t of its workers
employed on this work. In Vermont about 37 percent and in Tennessee &nd Arkansas about
33 percent of all WPA workers were so employed. Only slightly smaller ratios to total
employment were noted in most of the other States which had sizab le farm-to-market road
progra.:m.s, despite the hampering effect of winter we ather on some of the work involved
in these projects in the northern States.
FILLING IN A SWAMP ROADBED AND IMPROVING
DRAINAGE BY DITCH WORK AND REVETMENTS TO PROV!DE ADEQUATE RURAL TRANSPORTATICN
WPA AIRPORT PROJECTS AND AIDS TO AIR NAVIGATION
In recognition of the increasing importance of air travel in the United States,
State Work Programs provide for the construction and repair of airports and ai ds to air
r.a.vigation on an extensive see.le. Work is under way in many parts of the country. Landing
fields are beir.g drained, filled in and levelled, n~w runways added and old runways paved.
Hangars are being constructed end administration buildings remodeled and renovated. Additional bee.con lights are being installed end markers provic.ed along tlw airways in so?M
parts of the country.
','IPA
All airport and e.ir.78.y projects e.re subject to the approval ot the Bureau of Air
Conu:erce of the Department of Commerce. It was originally provided that this approval
shoulu be secured from representatives of the Bureau in the States before projects were submitted to the President. However• in order to expedite approval by t.he President of suoh
projects for inclusion in State Work Programs an alternative procedure was authorized.
This permitted State Administrators to submit airport and airway projects which the President
might approve contingent upon their being fowid acceptable to the Bureau of Air Commerce .
As a result of extensive adoption of this alternative procedure, the total value of projects
approved by the Pres i dent (almost $108,000,000) at the end of 1935 was more than twice as
gre at as the value of projects which the Bureau of Air Commerce had investigated and found
suitable up to that date.
The airport projects approved by the President are located in 47 States , !Jew York
City and the District of Columbia, no projects having been author iced for Delaware. In terms
of the total value of the airport projects approved, Pennsylvania headed the list with projects
amour,ting to $17,871,568. Following closely was New York State (excluding New York City)
whose projects totalled $15,307,869, while California with $9,789,292 approved was next in
order. The State of Massachusetts and New York City were the only other administrative areas
which had received authorization for airport projects amounting to more than $5,000.000.
Presidential approvals of airport and airway projects represent only the limit
'Which State WPA Administrators may not exceed on projects of this type. Actually only a
portion of the projects so approved may be chosen for operation depending. among other things,
on the employment needs of the various State programs. Through December 31. WPA Administrators of 42 States, New York City and the District of Columbia, had selected for operation airport and airway projects with an estirmted total cost of $22.570,150. Sponsors'
contributions had been pledged to cover slightly more than 14 percent of this amount. It
is estimated that this sum will provide about 21.000 man-years of employment. More than
a quarter of the airport and airway work selected is reported in California where projects
estirrated to cost $6,547,854 have been i:icorpo :•ated in the State's work program. The scope
of airport and airway work in California far exceeded that of the States next in order, Ohio,
Pennsylvania, New York State, New York City, Florida and Tennessee in each of which more
than $1,000,000 of projects had been selected for operation. New Jersey, Michigan, Illinois,
Georgia and }/.assachusetts also reported a sizable amount of work of this type.
Reports covering payrolls ending during December indicate that airport and air
navigation projects were in operation in 41 States, New York City and the District of Columbia during that month. Almost 34,000 persons were working on projects of this type. (This
figure, however, considerably understates the number of persons actually working at some
time during December because persons newly employed during the latter part of the month are
included in payrolls ending during the early part of January.) Employment on airport and
airway projects was outstanding in Ohio where more than 5,800 persons were at work. New
York State reported more than 3,200 perrons, New York City and Florida each more than 2,500
and Ca lifornia about 2,100 persons employed on such projects • .Almost half the total number
of persons working on airport projects were employed in these five administrative areas. In
addition Michigan and New Jersey each reported more than 1.500 persons and three other States
reported more than 1.000 persons engaged on projects of this type during Decem~er.
HANGAR CONSTRUCT ION AND IMPROVEMENT
OF RUNWAYS ARE JMPORTANT TYPES
OF AIRPORT WORK
36
PURCHASES OF MATERIALS , SUPPLIES, AND EQUIPMENT FOR USE ON WPA PROJECTS
Purohasf.s and oo ntri butions of mteriala, supp lie s, and equipment l'Or use on projects had amounted to $46, 042, 305 by the end of December, 193·5. Approximately 85 percsnt
of tnese purohasea were tor use on the tour major type s of publ i c improvements which oonatitute the bulk of the WPA ProgramJ highway, road, and street projeotaJ public buildingaJ
water supply and sewer aystem&J and parka and playgrounds. Forty pe~cent of t he total pur•
onases was for use on highway, road, and street pro jects. other materials purchased were
for use chiefly on project s to extend or imp~ove r ec reational facilities such as parks and
playgrounds, for use on publ i c building projects, and on projects to build or 111oderniz e
water supply and sewer syatems . Such purchases represented 15.7, 14.7, and 14e5 percent
respectively of the t ot al purchases and contributions made for WPA projects through December 31. A distribut i on of this total by type of pro jects ia given in the table on t he fol•
lowing page.
Analysis of the types of materials purchased for use on WPA projects through December 31, 1935 reveala a wide variety of products over 52 peroent of which wer e oonstruc•
tion ua ter ials exclusi ve of iron and steel. Aa indicated in the tabulation below, the
more important items within this group in the order of t heir importance are oement whioh
amounts to 11.7 per cent of all purohases J lumber and its produotd, whioh represent 11.3
peroentJ crushed atone, 7.1 percent: sand and gravel, 6.9 peroentJ and briok and r e l ated
PURCHASES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF MATERIALS, SUPPL I ES AND EQUIPMENT
FOR WPA PROJECT$ BY TYPE OF MATERIALS
Through December 31, 19~
Toto.l Value
Type o f Material
Grand Total
Con st ruotio!! materials , exclusive of iron and steel
Lunber and its products (excluding f urniture)
Paints :?11 d varnishes
Sand ll.rd gravel
Crushed ston e
C1111ent
Concrete pro ducts
Briok, h ollow tile and other olay products
Stone and glass produota, eto .
,\mount
Pi,rcent
of Total
$46,042,303
100.0
~4,JZ::i,~::i
5,211,115
775,321
3,180,936
3,254,601
5,405,228
2,228,845
3,069,026
1,250,173
~
11.3
1. 7
6 .9
7.1
11.7
4.8
6.7
2.7
Iron and steel products, emluaive of machinery
Structural and reinfaroing steel
Cast iron and pipe fittings
Plumbing equipDent and supplies
Hee.ti ng and ventilating equipDent and suppliea
Toole (excluding ma.chi ne too la)
Other iron and steel products
9,QQ2,J32
2,466, 062
3,097,469
331,250
295,815
1,848,376
1,570,360
~
l-K.aohinery and equipnent
!:leotrioal maobinery, appare.tua and supplies
Paving machinery, apparatus and supplies
Motor t rucks
Other maohinery and equipnent
l,417,JlQ
643,303
131,632
19,145
623,238
hl
Petroleun products
Paving mat erials and mixtures, bituminous
Other p et ro leum !l'Oduots
61963.032
6 .011,793
951,239
15. 2
13 . l
2 .1
320,162
0.1
3,357,214
7.3
Off ioe suppl ies and equipnont
filacellaneoua
Y
Less t han .05 peroent .
(i110lud.!ng furniture)
5.4
6.7
0. 7
o ;6
4.0
3.4
1.4
0,3
- ~/
1.4
produots. 6.7 peroent. Petroleum pro4Uots. ,mioh are ohiefly paving mated.al!! and mu
tures. aooount for 15.2 peroent of all purohases. Iron and steel products. exolusive
of maohinery. r epre sent 20.8 percent of all purohases. Within this latter group. the
most important items a re oast iron pipe and fittings "lhioh make up 6.7 peroentJ struotu ral
and reinforoing steel• 6. 4 peroenti and tools, 4.0 peroent of all. materi als, supplies and
equipnent either purchased or contributed for use on WPA projeots.
PURCHASES AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF' HATERIAL'3, SUPPLIES, AND EQUIPMENT
FOR W?A PROJECTS BY TYPE OF PROJECT
193.5
Tb.rough December 31
Total Value
Jmount
Peroent
of Total
46,042.303
100.0
18,411,632
6,783,372
35,966
7,246,722.
2,902 , 022
6,688,434
159,033
1,319,795
426,415
604, 512
378,473
1,085,927
40.0
14.7
0.1
15.7
6.3
14.5
0.4
2.9
0.9
1.3
Type of ProJeot
Grand Total
$
Highways, roads and street ■
Public buildings
Houaing
Parka and playground ■
Flood control and oth eir oon,~ tion
Water supply and sewer ayat ema
EJ.eotrio utilities
Airports and other tranaportat i on
Profeasional and olerioal
Sewing, canning, and other goods pro jeota
Sanitation and health
Miaoella.neous
o.a
2.4
EARNINGS ON WPA PROJECTS
had been pai d to worke r• on WPA projeota i n the fonu of
This a'll!l represented ~ ent for over 370.000,000 houra
of work on thousands of different projects. A comparison of the total earnings and houra
worked indicates that the rate ot payment for work on the WPA program is averaging about
cents per hour.
Kore than
t110.ooo,ooo
wagea prior to December 16. 1935.
,e
nstant
The average hourly rate ot pay on llPA projeot a baa remained relatively
despite the rapid inorease in employment and payrolls wbioh baa ooROURS WORKED AND EARNINGS OF PERSONS ]!),{pLOYED ON
WPA PROJECTS BY SEMI-MONTHLY PERIODS
Semimonthly
Period
Ending
Prior to
September
September
Septer.iber
October
October
~ovember
November
December
Earnings
Fiours Worked
Average
Hour ly
Rate
ourred aime the initiation of the
program. Earnings. hours worked,
and average hourly rates of p~ by
aemi-mont hly periods are presented
in the a coonip&qing tabulation.
During the naoal mouth
ending Deoaber 15 1 1935, the last
per iod t or whi.oh detailed data are
availabl e , the total earnings of
WPA worker• amounted to $91.562,646 •
l5
Th ia &J11.ount wa1 earned at an average
30
oent1 per hour. 'the diar ate of
15
tribution of hour• worked and earn.$.460
inga by type ot projeot during h s
Total
$170, 884,468
371,551,503
peri od i• presented in the table on
the following page. The anrag• hourly rate of pq for eaoh type of project is also in
dicated.
1
15
30
15
31
10,844,521
13,527,894
21,232,934
29,586,814
40,335,429
54,224,860
85,919,152
115,879,899
$
5,044,113
6, 459,314
9,658,270
13,724,796
18 ,720,964
25,724,666
39,082,081
52,470,264
$ .465
.477
,455
.464
•464
.474
.455
.453
,s
Over 41 peroent of th• total hours worked and over 38 peroent of the total earning• wre aaeooiated with projeota tor conatruoti on or repair of highway•. roads and at"eta.
The average hourly rate for thia type of work, 42 oents per hour , was slightly leal!I than
the average for all WP.A projeota. Although housing projeota represented a very small proportion of the total employment and earnings, euoh work reoeived the highest hourly rate 70 oenta per hour. Thia i a explained by the taot that the bulk of this work ia looated
in New York City where relat inly high hourly rates are in effeot. Comparati'nly high
average hourly rates also nre pai d on professional and olerioal projeota and on projects
involving work on publio building• and on parka and playgrounds. Project• of the last
mentioned type, a considerable portion of whioh alao are located in New York City, were
aecond only to road project, in the proportion of hours of work and total earnings whioh
they provided.
HOURS l«>RKED AND EARNINGS OF PERSONS El'IPLOYED ON
WPA PROJECTS, BY TYPE OF PROJECT
Fiscal Month Ending December 15, 1935
Type of Project
Grand Total
Highways, roads & streets
Public buildings
Housing
Parks and Playgrounds
Flood control & ot her conservation
Water supplies cl. sewer systems
Electric utilities
Airports cl. other transportation
Professional and clerical
3evii.ng, canning cl. other goods projects
Sanitation and health
Miscellaneous
!fours WorkedPeroent
of Total
Nunber
Amount
Percent
of Total
Average
Hourly
Rate
201,799,051
100.0
$91,552 , 345
100.0
$ .454
83,117,682
14,on,140
384,274
28,548,726
11,432,308
15,967,935
240,826
3,502,457
9,594,915
18,663,172
8,392,425
1,an,191
41.2
7.0
0.2
14.1
5.7
7.9
0.1
1.7
4.8
9.2
4.2
3.9
34, 963,017
8,155,969
269,340
14,991,536
5,099,249
7,545,088
127,622
1,725,590
6,019,488
6, 347,801
3,052,044
3,255,601
38.2
8.9
0.3
16.4
5.6
a.2
0.1
1.9
6.6
6.9
3.3
3.6
.421
.579
.701
.525
.446
.473
.530
.493
.6i1
.340
.364
.413
ART, WS IC, THEATRE .ABO WR ITER8' PR:>GRAK
lhployable persona on the emergenoy relief roll• for whom appropriate job• muat
be provided under the Work• Program include representatives of every group in the general
population - artiats, aotors, muaioians and writers, as well as faotory hands, farm laborers,
and others more frequently alluded to. To handle the complexity of problems involved in
providillg employment tor the former group, a nation-wide cultural program employing artists,
musicians, theatre workers and writers baa been made an essential part of the Works Program.
As early aa August 27, 1936, the President allocated a total of 126,315,217 for
thia work, designated as WPA Sponsored Federal Projeot No. 1. Given approval by the Comptroller General on September 10, 1935, the allocation included 111,284,036 for the theatre
project; 11,152,663 for the &l"t projeotJ 13,236,704 for the writers' project; and 19,641,814
for muaio projeota. A aeoond allocation provided an additional 12 , 000,000 for art work on
non-Federal publio building• and institutions. The producta on the work finanoed by the
latter grant belong to the sponaorinc States and looalj.tiea, whereas the produota c, f the
work financed by f\mda allocated earlier are the property of the Federal Government . Subaequent resoiasiona reduced the total amount aotually available for the cultural programs
to 121,811,017. Thia i• diatributed aa followraa art, l2,952,663J muaio, 17,641,8141
theatre, 16,784,036 and writer,. 14,432,604. ill the money, with the exception of the
12,000,000 in the art tunda made available directly to the Stat9s by Presidential letter,
ia subjeot to alloiaent and resoiasion by the Diviaion of Professional and Service Projecta
of the Work• Progress Administration in Wa.ahington, D. c., which has final authority for
the whole program. Authority to approve project unite has been delegated to properl~
qualified field offioera and open.tions are already under way in all pe.rta of the ooua:t?"7.
The selection of projeot unit• to be oarried on in the localities has been
guided by two considerations, the abilities of the available personnel, and the needs and
desires of the community in question. Analysis of workers I qual:\.fioa+-ions h ma. e b
technically q<.talified individual or coimn:ittee which determines "'"he proper o assifi ttion
of ea.oh person to be placed on a project unit. Not only must the qualifioations of
prospective workers be passed upon, but the individual or committee must also determine
the exact nature of the project unit on whioh ea.oh person who demonstrates his ability
is to be employed. This has resulted in using some professionals as leaders in recreational and leisure time programs.
Under the art project, the work varies f'rom mural paint ing, sculpture and tm
estab lishment of a museum of textile design, to art teaohing, poster me.king and working
in various craf'ts. Under the music project, activities f'rom opera, symphony, vocal and
instrumental ensembles to dance orchestras, bands end music library work have been included. The theatre project includes work
with dr8lllli companies, marionette and children's theatres, vaudevill~, variety and
oircus projects, as well as research in
many phases of theatre activity. The writer' s project he.s been confined ohiefly to
the specific task of gathering and editing
material for a comprehensive American Guide,
to be published in five volumes each covering a major region of the count~y. However,
some writers have been at work on current
narrative reports relating to Works Program
activities, and plans have been made to
initiate a nation-wide survey of State and
Looal Historical Reoords which oontemplates
compiling lists of records and manuscripts
in the possession of State, County and local
Governmental units.
Through December 30, 1936, a total
of $18,202,440 has been distributed to the
States for the four programs and this is expeoted to carry most of the operating projects until May 16, 19 36. Of the total,
$2,692,100 has been allotted for art projects,
$6,604,700 for musio projectsJ $6,320,490
for theatreJ and $2,586,160 for writers'
projects. Art i'unds and writers' funds have
been forwarded to every State, music funds
to 43 States, and theatre funds to 27 States.
Complete data on employment under these pro{whio h are included in the total WPA
gr
empl yment reported) are not yet available.
It is estimated that as of January 1, 1936,
MURAL PAINTING
art projects were employing about 3,300 perUNDER THE WPA ART PROJECT
sons, music projeots, 12,000J theatre projects , 7,000; and vrriters' projects, 4,300 persons. This yields a total of 26,500 persons
at work.
40
RATIOHAL YOUTH Ail!IHISTRATION
Aho a part of the Worka Progren Administration 1 ■ the Bational Youth Administration, created by EsecutiTe Order on June 26, 1935, with a. National Advisory ~cmsmittee
and Exeoutive Committee to a•aiat in carrying out its program. In aooordance with the
President's determination to aid the unemployed youth of the nation, the BYA. was oharged
with responsibility for initiating and administering approved projects to prOTide employment for persona between the ages of 16 and 25 years who are not in regular, full t ime
&ttendanoe at sahool or regularly engaged in remunvathe employment. It was estimated
that about 2,875,000 p•r•ons in thi• age group were on relief or m•b•r• of relief f amilies
1n llay 1935. Another az.cutiTe Order two months later placed ""Gbe student aid program,
preTiously operated by the Federal Ir&ergenoy Relief Administration under the supervision
of the National Youth Administration, bringing educational aid a• well aa youth work relief, job guidance and placement, apprentice training and youth 0011111unity activities
within the pr ogram.
The BYA •program is under the direct supervision of' the- &cecuti ve Director appointed by tho President. State Youth Directors immediately responsible to the Executive
Director conduct the work in the various States. In addition, State Achiaory Committees
have been appointed to aeaist in organhillg and operating the program. lfegroea are r epresented on the Advisory C0111mittees of a number of States while Ten.a baa a separate oOlllllittee ocapoaed entirely of Negroes to f'aoilitate the solving of probl•s of legro youth.
On August 15, the President made the first allocation to the lational Youth Ad•ini•tration, totalling $27,056,268. It was dist~ibuted a.a followas $11,463,768 for
high school aid , $14, 612,500 for college aid, and $1 , 080,000 for graduate aid. The next
allotment, made on November 6, provided $10,000,000 for work projects to give jobs to
youths, between the ages of 16 and 26, tram relief families, certified as eligible for
employment. Expenditures were authorized aa tollowas community development and reoreational leadership $6,090,0001 rural youth development $2,084,0001 public serTioe training
$1,324,000J and re•earch $502,000. On Deoember 8 an additioD&l .allooation of t10,ooo, ooo
was made for these four type• ot project•• Another allocation, made on Deeember 11, and
providing $100,000 for a ·aur~ and &D&lysia of the condition• ot American youth, brings
the tetal amount made aftilable to Rn up to t47,156,268.
F\mds allocated to the NIA will be uaed to oonduct youth work projects in t he
48 States and the District of Coluabia. To date only the first $10,000,000 of the
t20,ooo,ooo received has been allotted to the Stat••• The remaining $10,000,000 will be
distributed on about the same basis to oontinue the program.
Another phase of BYA work relief involvee placing youths at pe.rt-time jobs on
WPA projeota and work projects being oonducted by other Federal agencies. Thia work
will provide same additioD&l inoame to a limited n\lD.ber of relief' families. Therefore ,
in choosing young persona for th••• jobs, preferenoe ia giTen to members of relief fami lies with several dependents. Wages to be paid the youth are set at approximately onethird the regular monthly earnings schedule, for about a third of the total working hour•
authorized for other workers. It 1a also proTided that auah employment of a young meber
of a family group shall not be prevented by the employment of another mtmber of the fami ly
on the regular basis.
• The Student Aid program of the lfYA is designed to &Hist young persona, who,
without this aid, could not continue 1n school. It offers to high sohool, college, and
graduate students the opportunity to •rn a mall
monthly. The Secondary School Aid
progrD is expected to provide about 200,000 student• with not more than t6.00 per aonth .
Uonthly allotment• approximating 11,200,000 have been made to the Statea tor this purpose.
It 1• estimated that approximately 106,000 oollege stedent• will be given a chance to
earn an average of 115.00 and not more than $20.00 a month under the College Aid program.
Monthly allotments for college students approximate $1,170,000. In addition approximately
4,700 graduate students, 2,900 of wham are oandidatea for masters' degrees and 1,800 oandidates for doctors' degree•, are expected to be aided under the Graduate Aid program. They
receive an average of tram $25.00 to $30.00 a month, but not aore than $40.00 a month.
•,an
other important pha••• of National Youth Administration actiTitiea are the proTiaion of job guidance and plaoeent, apprentioe training and oaamuni.ty aotivitiH for
41
young persons. Job plaoement is being oond:acted through existing State Employment Services
and the National Reemployment Servioe, except in a few oommunities where it ia handled by
the sohools. NYA State officials refer young persons to these agencies. In nine major oommunities, junior employment counselors have been placed on the staff of the employment off i ces to facilitate the placement of young persons.
A Federal 0omm.ittee on oprentice Training had been established in 1934 under the
NRA . In the interests of econoiey- and efficiency the NYA delegated to this committee and
i ts affiliated State Committees the t sk of conducting the apprentice training feature of
t he NYA program. The Federal and State Committees are directing their efforts toward bringing together youths who wish to learn trades and employers who will provide the opportuni~
t ies for learning. An apprentice must be at least 16 years of age and must enter into a
written agreement with an employer or an association of employers for an approved program
of training. It is expected that under these apprentice agreements an increased number of
young persons can equip themselves for trades and useful occupations.
Another function of the NYA is to encourage the extension of educational and recreational facilities and to formulate independent projects creating new facilities for young
persons in undeveloped areas. Up to the present time the NYA has been contacting community
organizations in order to promote the planning and initiation of local projects. Through
the cooperation of these agencies contributions of equipment, space and leadership have been
obtained. At the same time the NYA has been encouraging local, county and State committees
to pl&D eonstruotive and coordinated prog1'8llls for youth.
The NYA program is now well under wa.y, although specific data on the work projects
pha se are at present incomplete. Some 289,000 students are now participating in the studant
a i d program, of wham 166,000 are secondary school students, 119,000 college students, and
4, 700 graduate students. The college aid quota has been exceeded due to the fact that coll ege heads have ta.ken advantage of their right to spread their allotment out by giving stu•
dents less than $16 a month. Work projects involving the employment of more than 100,000
young persons have been approved by the State Directors, and youths are being assigned to
pr ojects of the WPA and other ageDCies, but complete data on their numbers are not yet available.
THE COORDINATING COMMITTEE
In the section concerned with technical and procedural aspects of the Works Program and at other points in this report mention has been made of t he Coordinating Col!Ullittee. This COl!llllitt ee, termed in full, the Coordinating Committee of the Central Statistica l Bo~d and the Works Progress Administrat ion, was set up in June 1935 to insure that,
in r egard to statistical, survey and re search projects financed from funds made available
by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, the duties of these two agencies were
properly discharged. The duties of the Central Statistical Board and the WPA in this reapect had been defined, respectively, as "promoting the improvement, development and coordination of the statistical service of the Federal Government" and "providing for the coordination of such data-compiling projects as form part of the work relief program."
To carry out the functions of t he Coordinating Committee, State Coordinators of
Stati stical Projects were appointed i n each State. All statistical, survey and research
project s: in addition to receiving the s8.Ir.e type of examination and approval as other proj•
ects in the St ate WPA Office, are submitted to the State Coordinator for technical review
and r ecommendation. Projects to be included in the State Program are subsequently forwarded by t he Coordinator directly to the Coordinating Committee in Washington with his recommendations. In addition to lfPA projects the Coordina.ting Committee reviews and passes upon
statistical, survey and research projects proposed by other Federal agencies f or operation
under the Works Program. NYA projects of this type are also subject to review by the Committee.
A tot al of S,147 statistical, aurvey and research projects have been submitted to
the Coordinating Committee 1inoe ita inception. These projects called for a total expen.di•
ture amounting to more than $320,000,000. In addition to these statistical projecta, the
Commi t tee has examined between 900 and 1,000 projects w1uch it ruled non-statistical. Final
action has been ta.Jcen upon more than 2,500 projeote. These include Federal projects spon•
sored by other Federal agencies directly or in cooperation with tho WPA, as well as projecta
sponsor ed looally.
42
Of the 34 Federal projects which had received the Coordinating Committee's approval by the end of 1936. only 18. calling for expenditure• of l24.S94,883• were approved by
the President and put into operation. Six of these were approved for prosecution directly
by the sponsoring agenoies. These projeota, with their operating sponsors, are listed belows
The Alphabetical Index of 1900 Census Record•
Census of Busineaa Enterpriee. 1986
Development of Oooupational Speoitioation1
Perpetual Inventory ot Unt111ployed
Statistioal Ccmpilation and Am.ly1ia of Income Tax
Health SUl'V8)' ot Repreaentative Ccmmunities
Return ■
Bureau of the Census
Bureau of the Censu•
U. s. F&ployment Service
u. s. Employment Service
Treasury Department
U. s. Public Health Serrloe
In addition the President approved 12 projeots for operation under the WPA. with. various
Federal agencies a ■ oo•sponsora.
SUMJ'tl.ARY OF COORDINATIN G COMM ITTEE ACTION ON LOCAL PR OJECTS, BY STAT E'S
State
United States
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
Calliornia
Colorado
Conneotiout
Delaware
Do C.
norid.a
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Illdiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentuok;y
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Maaaaohuaetts
Applioationa
Reoeived
N1.?11ber
Value
3.048
$198,677,997
95
18
30
139
47
61
7
3
34
28
6
172
48
44
49
65
17
26
1,001,054
408,563
370,535
7,228,603
592,132
5,574,349
161.756
44,589
1,198,217
2,136,047
279,119
10,783,454
8,562,718
1,564,808
1,567,259
3,414,533
544,721
921,981
363,719
18,964,560
7,003,951
4,886,480
1,074,301
1,686,303
712,712
16
220
!Jiohig,.n
84
Minnesota
lJiuiul.ppi
11.isa>url
?.:ontana
94
26
29
36
Applloationa
A;!?I!roved
N1.1;:iber
Value
State
.A.pplloatiou
Reogived
Nuober
Value
Applloations
~12rnn!l
Httnber
Value'
643 $29 ,089 , 027
11
4
6
41
21
15
1
9
9
2
38
9
8
20
10
4
283.504
101,406
104,469
872,594
182,618
188,183
53,111
23,991
212,753
341,934
92,927
2,443,555
80,430
401,097
563,985
158,873
32,679
7
19
20
37
1
10
5
71,957
217,216
3,686,663
1,409,290
1,668
425,992
114,821
l
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Nc,w Moxioo
New York
New York City
North Caro llna
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma.
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolin.a
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
utah
Venoont
Vlrguiia
Washington
West Vir gi Dia
Wi.soonain
Wyoou~
39 n, 131 1 912
5
23,396
34
1,216.373
220 15,267,881
14
255,640
200 18,853,056
196 20,175,106
28
1,168,806
46
1,596,572
197 16,264,665
1,7913 ,962
34
344,643
33
202
9, 987 ,760
31
2,633,745
17 1,068,737
268,482
15
18 1,730,957
12
s,020,322
49
882,538
6
29,112
69
2,213,637
68
3,000,074
47
3,493,475
55
7,348,081
19
382,940
4
$216 ,942
8
23
3
27
82,929
1,133,460
28,572
456,461
5,708,639
35,103
121,853
1,073,597
151,886
104,358
1,575,512
149,296
4,911
107,772
145 1 0n
3,313,407
314,999
8 1 499
556,039
663,789
552,760
417,665
99,985
52
3
8
44
7
12
46
8
2
5
2
3
17
2
20
11
3
16
9
Of approximately 3,000 local projects which have been received, 643 oalling for
expenditures of 129,089.027 have been approved, and 1,890 calling for eJq>enditures of
1149,000,000 have been disapproved. There are now pending before the Coordimting Canmittee 516 projects. oalling for eJq>enditures of t20,688,526. In the tabulation above are
■hOlm the distributions. by States, of the total num~er of local projects received and approved by the Coordinating CODl!littee. and the amounts involved for projects in eaoh of
these categories. Project proposal• were reoeived from all States and to date projeots
have been approved for all States excspt Maine and Nevada. In respect to type these proj•
eots exhibit considerable variety, as is indioated in t.he tabulation on the following page.
43
SUHHARY OF COJ1111 TI'EE ACTION ON LOCAL PROJF.CTS , BT TTPES
Types or ProJects
United Sta.tea - Total
Agric ulture
Ba.nld.ng, Credit, Seouri ties
Busi ne ss and Industri al
Consumption and Price
Education and School s
Dnployment, Unemployment, Oooupationa
Govenment
Health
Historical and Res earch Project a
Mapping
Nat ·. u-al Re sources
Planning Zt udiea
Populat io n and Vital St ~tistic a
Real Property, Land ut i l i zation, Conrlruotion
Recreation
Social Problsna and Welfare
Traffic and Motor Accident Surveys
Wages and Income
Appl lca tlons Recelved by
Comm l ttee
Number
Value
Appllcatlons Approved by
Col11Dl ttee
Number
Value
3048
$198,677,997
643
$29,089,027
148
4, 079,159
403,794
9,471, 257
1, 431,357
6, 315,673
22, 508,612
55, 801 . 046
6, 699 , 172
4,456, 271
3, 623,289
2,244,355
21,963, 153
8,395, 339
23,334,358
739 ,437
12,040,936
15,121, 146
49,643
58
4
28
27
58
17
113
42
13
22
32
23
86
1,278,209
54,653
1,094,908
586,024
1,096,662
420,447
9,265,187
978,153
853,065
1,021,733
857,279
1,956,975
438,413
4,771,018
63
51
2
1,488,261
2,918,527
9,513
12
255
67
326
106
528
159
56
89
67
146
175
322
19
309
259
5
4
The Coordinating Commit tee believes that an analysi s of the reasons for diaa.pproval
of projects is of major importance. particularly in pl anning fo r future projects to be oonducted unde r mas s pr oduotion methods. According ly , a brief analysis of the reasons tor disa.pproval has been made. One-third of the projects have been disapproved beoause the sponsor failed to supply infonnation r equired to make an adequate evaluation. In each of the
cases included under this category disapproval was given only a fter repeated efforts to secure required information. More than 36 percent of the disapproved projects were rejected
Cor the reason that they were canvass type projects calling for visits to private individuals, business ooncerns. or both. Nearly 11 percent of the disapprovals were made beoause of
major duplications of subject matter. About 3 percent were blanket type projectsJ approximately 5 percent were 1udged to be technically inadequate, statistically wsound or likely
to arouse resentment. Another 6 percent were cancelled by the apons ors usually a s a. result
of the C0111nittee'1 oritioiam of the aubjeot 1118.tter. Nearly 4 percent of the disapproff.ls
were made b•cauae the results would be of queationa.ble ff.lue rather than because t he techniques to be employed were unsatisfactory. The remaining disapprovals were the ineligibility
of the projects, because sponsors were unsatisfaotory, or because personnel wa s not available.
44
V - PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
The Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works. established under Title II
of the National Industrial Recovery Act. and continued by the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935, has been authorized to make loans and grants for non-Federal construction
projects of States, counties, cities, Territories and possessions, and to conduct Federal
demonstrations of slum clearance and low rent housing. Projects in the non-Federal classification are financed by PNA grants from ERA funds for a portion of the project cost with
the remaining funds provided either by PtYA loans, largely from funds made available prior
to the ERA Act, or directly by the local bodies sponsoring the projects. Housing projects
are under direct Federal supervision and are to be prosecuted entirely by direct expenditure of Federal funds.
NON-FEDERAL
The non-Federal program under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act as of December 26, 1935 consisted of 4,149 projects, the estimated total cost of which is $743,656,896.
For this program $343,681,748 has been allocated from funds made available by the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 (The amount warranted by the Comptroller General through
Decembe r 31 is $343 , 669,712). This sum is being used primarily for grants on a basis of 45
percent of the total e_stimated cost of a project. The remaining 55 percent of the funds
required is to be provided either directly by the local bodies sponsoring the project or by
PWA loans from monies derived from the sale of securities under prior appropriations. The
sources of Federal funds used for PWA projects under the Works program are presented below.
Source of Funds
Grants
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
PWA Revolving Fund
$333,181,748
Total Federal Funds
y'
$333,181,748
Total
Loans
y'
144,147,148
$343,681,748
144,147, 148·
$154,647,148
$487,828,896
$ 10,500,000
Loan made from ERA funds, accompanied by grant of
$4,500,000, for one project.
The projects making up this program. as indicated by the locations shown on the
accompanying map, are widely distributed throughout the nation. These projects involve
the following types of constructions waterworks; sewage and sewage disposal systems;
schools; hospitals; courthouses and jails; streets, highways, bridges and tunnels; power
plants and distribution systems; recreation facilities; and other similar public works.
They provide a broad range of construction activity creating useful employment for skilled,
unskilled, and other workers on the sites of the projects, in mines, plants and factories,
and along transportation lines. At the same time, these projects represent capital investments which will add definitely to eommunity wealth and contribute in a substantial 'fl8.Y
to the advancement of the health, education, recreation, safety, and convenience of the
citizens in every part of the nation.
The individual projects for the ERA program have been selected from applications
received, as provided by the Act, from States, territories, possessions, including subdivisions and agencies t11ereof, municipalities and the District of Columbia, and from applications for self-liquidating projects of public bodies. They have been examined to determine
their eligibility from legal, financial and engineering standpoints in accord with the established policy of the Public Works Administration. Thorough review has assisted the
local bodies to develop projects economically sound and socially desirable - suited to the
c/)
z
0
~
~
~z
Lu
(./)
a ~o
CL
_J
(_)
<(
0
z
0
z
I
LL
w
0
w
~
<{
_J
Lo
Ck: z>
z
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-0
~
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45
needs and within the financial limits of the local community. The Program includes many
self-liquidating projects which, over a period of years, will pennit the local community
to r epay any loan which it may have secured from PNA. In this category are a number of
pr ojects which would have been beyond the ability of the community to finance had it not
been for the Federal grant of a. portion of the cost. The construction of these and other
projecte is going forward at the present time only because of the cooperation of the Federal government through its grants of funds a.nd its acceptance of the securities of the
local bodies for loans.
Actual construction on the projects is under the jurisdiction of the local bodi es,
which have selected the projects of greatest need to their communities a.nd in which they are
des irous of having the cooperation of the Federal government. Unifonnity in the conduct of
the various activities a.nd coordination of the work is obtained through rules and regulations
founded upon the Emergency Relief Act and the rules a.nd regulations established for the entire Works Program by the Works Progress Administration. The Hon-Federal projects a.re constructed almost exclusively on a contra.ct basis. Prevailing 11f&.ges are paid throughout.
Hours of work are limited to 8 hours per day and 130 hours per month. Every effort is made
to exhaus t relief sources in the selection of employees for these projects, although contractor s a re given the right to request union wor~ers if they so desire .
As of December 15, 1935, under the ERA program, 398 non-Federal projects aggregating $49 ,801,000 were delayed from causes beyond the control of PWA or the applicants. These
included a number of power projects held up by obstructive litigation, the settlement of which
is beyond the control of P«A or the local body. In these cas~s, an extension of time f or the
beginning of construction has been granted.
Deduction of the $49.801,000• covering delayed projects, from the total sum available left for possible a.ward of contracts prior to December 15, 1935 a net total of
$293 , 881,000 in ERA funds. Contracts mvolving $260.616,000, or 88.4 percent of this sum,
had been awarded or were ready to a.ward on that date.
By December 26, 1935 a total of $325.323.220 had been allotted from ERA funds as
grants for 4 ,149 non-Federal projects with a. total cos t of $743,656,896. An additional
$154,647,148 a llotted almost exclusively from other PKA funds in the fonn of loans and
$263,686 1 52.8 furnisheu by the local bodies sponsoring the projects from sources other than
the Fede ral Government made up the remainder of the total oost of these projects.
ONE 01" THE SCHOOL BUILDINGS {DORMITORY)
P'INANCED IN PART BY PWA 1'UNDS
47
PUBLIC WORKS AOl.'I NISTR AT I ON ,
NON- FEUER AL D I V IS I ON
ALLOTMENTS UNOCR THE Dl(ROOCCY R£Ll£f APPROPRIATION AC T Of
1935
lj
SY
IYP£ Of PROJECT
En1,uno
NVMSEA
TY PE OF PROJEC T
DP'
O~ANT VALUt
~/
LOAN VALUt
P50,i~cn
2
GRANO TOTAL -
3
•
?25,323,2'20
-4,1-411
ALL TYPES
•
•
Pl
TOTAL
ALLOTMENT
5
TOTAL
con
!V
6
15-4,647, 1-48
I -479,970,368
I 7-43, 656,896
STREETS 'ND H l~HWAYS
23-4
17,313,721
2,-462,000
19,775,721
38,763,650
ROADS ANO H I G<WAYS
86
135
2
3
2
1,339,000
830,000
6
9, ~2 ,47-4
7 .O!L 6:M
57,272
273,036
88,364
27-4 ,941
108,000
185,000
10,921,47'4
7 ,867,63-4
57,272
273,036
196,364
-459,9'41
21,293,846
15,928,'439
127,272
606, 7'49
196,364
610,980
1,109
99, 9-46,807
55,522,177
155,'468,984
227,877,J.41
370
196
132
25
17
-41
567
51
30 , 310,037
17,571,932
3,752,605
157,000
8,828,500
1 ,-462,800
16, 116,3-40
708,100
701,000
5,161 ,300
8,9-45 ,9-40
993,000
101,000
5,076,'500
1 , 52-4,'500
3, 552 ,000
35
5-4 , 339 ,902
36,535,016
9,582,868
915 , 875
7,306, 1-43
2,002,935
31,501~ 7
2!592,846
1, 128 , 116
8,27-4, 809
19, so5 ,1•e
1,157,608
2-40,081
6,568,3-46
1 ,-456,45-4
5,111,892
218,023
1,891, 655
2,026, 7-40
1.,-4C>2., 500
8-4, 649,939
54, 106,9-48
13,335,473
1,072,875
16,13-4,643
3,'465,735
-47,617 ,857
3,300,946
1,829,116
14,036,109
28,451,686
2,150,608
3'41,081
11 ,64-4,846
2,Q80,954
8,663,892
218,023
1,891,655
3 489, 2-40
123,968,353
84,233,058
21,461,957
2,037,311
16, 236,027
-4,451,82'4
70,763,231
5,763,789
2,477,613
19,085,823
43,436 , 006
2,561,000
533,571
15,828,108
3,'496,659
12, 331,-449
-483, 887
4,212, 5-44
5,0 7 4,823
2,600
171,662 ,890
78,451, 22 1
250, 11'4, 111
385,012,659
2,148
2,014
63,853,570
54,525, 8-45
B,926,225
299,000
102,500
2,528,790
719,290
'472,000
1 , 275,000
857,301
9 , 94 7,261
221 , 'l.00
754,500
60
126,083,036
111,639,300
11, 527,575
2,093, 1~
822,982
12,068,076
2,333, 7-40
5,353, 9 27
3,523,108
62,500
211,836,111
1 ,283 , 0 23
1 ,013, .. 83
67,400
1,639,717
896,377
3,n5,667
321,500
1'49,000
675,500
189 , 936,606
106,165, 1'45
20,453,800
2,392,179
925, .. 82
1'4,596,866
3,053,030
5,825,927
-4,798,108
919,801
3'4, 783,372
1,504,123
1,767,983
67 ,-400
1,961,217
1 ,D-45,377
'4,'451, 167
283,968, 19-4
250, 6-43, 750
26,842,620
4,652,911
1,828,913
27,110,354
5,201,038
12,160,576
7,830,939
1,917,801
54,90-4, 57-4
2, 86-4, 36-4
2,009,966
1-49,900
3,59-4,411
2,016,033
8,394,863
3-4
7, 1'43 , 302
12,'478,000
19,621,302
25, T/8, 63-4
7
3
2
22
529,260
2-41,000
., 725,000
1 , 648,0-42
502,000
294,000
10,n5,ooo
907,000
1,031,260
535,000
15, 500,000
2,555 ,0-42
1, 175, 7-49
535,000
20,500,000
3,567,885
5
373,908
47,000
-420,908
825,633
1
1
2
21,272
128,-45-4
25,364
198,8113
31,000
16,000
21,272
128,'454
56,364
21'4,818
-47,22-4
280,45-4
56,364
-441, 591
Ill
12,355,258
-4,0-42,500
16,397 ,758
28,192,232
-431, '500
3,590,000
21,000
0, 536,611
7,373,157
413,965
74 , 025
18,747,393
8,-407, 187
873,152
16-4, 500
56,750
69,250
126,000
126,000
16
1,610,098
977,500
2,587,598
3,840,030
8
8
928,9-43
681,155
977,500
1,906,-4'43
681,155
2,315,950
1,524,080
67
1-4,860.486
597.500
15,-457,986
U,2-40, 717
STREETS
5 IOE WALKS AND CURBS
GRADE CROSSING ELl~l~ATION
DRA I NAGE STRUCT URE S
L I GHTS, SIGNALS ANO MARKERS
I.I I SC(LLANEOUS
UT I LI TI ES
SEYER PROJECTS
SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANTS
SANITARY SEWERS
S T:>Rf-A SEWERS
~ OMS I ...,ED SEWERS
SEY ER ANO WATER
WAH R SYSTEMS
'MATER MAINS
25
43
flLTRA TI ON PLANTS
RE:SERVOI RS
,4,48
COMPLETE WATERWORKS
11
GAR9AG( AND Ruen1 SH ~ I SPOSAL
•
GAS PLAN TS
( L EC. Powrn (XC LUOINC WAT~R ;,OWER
66
ELECTRIC OIST~IBUTION SV ST£~S
13
53
3
POWER CON STRUCT I ON NOT WATER
COL!"'IUN I CAT 1 ON S
AAILROAO Af•-.!n C AR
6
L I NES
MI SCEL LANE OUS
BU I L D I 11 ~5
(OU CAT I ) rJAL
~U I L O ING.S
SECONDARY S CHOOLS
COLLE CES
ANO
ur, I 1J(RS IT I ES
OT,1 EM [DUCAT I or1A L
98
16
20
133
IN S TIT U TIONS
Pu oL1 ~ L I 9RAR I E S
MUNICI PAL BulLOINGS
MUN IC I PA.L Au:, I TOR I Ulr.1 5
ArJO
25
ARl.lO R IE ":
39
C I TY HALLS AND TO WN HALL S
50
COURT HOUSES
19
179
22
16
2
23
17
F IRE ANO POLICE S Ti\TI ON S
H OSPITAL Atm O TH ER
PENAL
IN S TIT UTI ON ':
INST I TUT I ON S
5 0C I AL ANO AE CREATl')NAL 8 1.JI L OINGS
RE S I OEUT I i\ L
O~Fl:C ANO ADMINISTRATIVE
LAO ORA TOR I ES
IAR(HOUSE S I
A:-.lt)
S..oPs
MISCELL ANE OUS
fLOOO CONTROL ,
IYAT(P. POwrn, R(CLAV'l I ON
0AMS ~ND ';A.~JALS
STORAG E KE S ERV OIRS
iUATER POWER DEVELOPMEN T
M l SCELL AN(OUS
WATER NAVI CAT I ON Al 05
OMA<; AND CANALS
0 R(Ot;l,_,C AP,O Fl '..LINC
CHAtl!II EL RE CT I f" I CAT I ON ,
LE VEES ETC.
WI SCELLAN E OUS
ENGi llEERI NG S;P,UCT URES
iJRl'JG ES ANr:> VIA0 JC T S
56
'Nt l ARV(S I P I ERS A.NO DOCKS
~OUUMEN T S , ANO r ct.~OR I AL SHR I '\JES
17
1
e, 105, 111
3,783,157
392,965
7'4, 0 25-
9
M I SC EL LAN EO US
AVIAT I ON -
PH YSICAL I1.:PRO '/E ! l(NT5
RE CREA TI ONA L
l?C ACti E8 ANO S Wll,OJINO POOLS
PA RK DEVELOPUDl TS
Ml SCEL LANEOUS
y
SOUR CE :
y'
1935
£1
91
fUNOS r n ou PR EV IOUS APP ROPR IATI ON& ,
PU8LIC WORK & AOMHll6TRATION 1 OIV I SION or [CONOMlr.6
•~o STATl 6 TIC8
ERA f UN08 ONLY
I NCLUOE6 FUNDS PROV I OED LOC AL LY
[X CEPT ONE
LOAN or
$10, soo,ooo
r ROII
1935
[RA fuNOS
48
Of the 4,149 non-Federal projects financed in part by grants from ERA funds, ab out
62 percent involve the construction of buildings, and 5 out of every 6 of these are school
buildings. More than half the total grants as well as of the total amo~t loaned by ~A fr?m
other funds are for projects of this type. As indicated by the tabulation below , proJects involving the construction of water systems and sewer systems are also of major importance~
the non-Federal program, with water system projects more numerous and sewer systems involving
TYPES OF NON-FEDERAL PROJECTS RECEIVING GRANTS FROM ERA FUNDS
December 26, 1935
Type of Construction
Total Projects
Streets and Highways
Sewer Systems
Water Systems
Buildings (other than schools)
Schools and other Educational
Buildings
Flood Control, Water Power and
Reclamation
Bridges , Viaducts (Subways and
Tunnels)
Various other Types
~
Projects
Num- Percent
ber
of Tot al
Loans
Grants
Amount
Percent
of Total
Percent
of Total
Amount
l~ l54 , 647 ,148A/ 100
2,462,0002
30,310,03'
20
16,116,340
10
14,597 , 651
10
4,149
234
370
567
452
100
6
9
14
11
$325,323, 220
17 , 313 , 721
54 , 339,902
31,501,517
45 , 579,854
100
2,148
51
126, 083,036
39
63,853,570
41
34
1
7,143,302
2
12,478 , 000
8
56
288
1
7
8,105, 111
35,256, 777
2
11
431 , 500
14,398,060
-w
9
5
17
10
14
Includes loan of $10,500,000 made from ERA funds.
Less than one- half of one percent.
a larger proportion of the total cost of the program. Street and highway projects,
trol facilities and bridge s and via.duct s a r e also outstanding types of construction
dertaken by the Non-Federal Division with funds provided under the Emergency Relief
tion Act. Greate . detail re gardin~ types of projects under the non-Federal program
in the table on the preceding page.
floo d conbeing unAppropriais given
Non-Federal PNA employment, which had increased gradually to about 4,900 persons in
the early part of December, rose at a rapid rate throughout that month unti l on December 28
a total of 14,000 persons were at work. Of these more than 1 ,300 persons were working in
Colorado and Iowa. Virginia was next in volume of employment with 1,170 persons working. Six
other States reported employment in excess of 500 persons. It is estimated that employment on
non-Federal projects will expand rapidly during the spring of 1936, reaching a peak of about
290 ,000 persons employed directly at oonstruotion sites in July.
HOUSING
The Rousing Division of the Public Works Administration was crea~ed in June, 1933,
pursuant to Title II of the Nation.al Industrial Recovery Act. Its purpose is to provide a
demonstration of slum clearance and low rent housing to benefit persons who have never before
been able to find decent urban housing at a price within their means.
At the beginnwg of its operations, the Housing Division concentrated on a policy
of loans to private ' limited dividend corporations. For a Lumber of reas.ons this proved impractical in operation, and in January, 1934, due to the faot that there were no existing establi shed public housing agencies, the Division was compelled to adopt for the time being a
policy of constructing such projects directl y . Approximately $140,000,000 had been allotted
from the National Industrial Recovery Act funds. In December, 1934, $110,000,000 of this
amount was impounded. The Housing Division was therefore unable to enter into contractual
obligations on a large scale until after the passage of the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935; and the final allocations from this source were not made until Octobe r, 1935.
Furthermore, a decision by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, ruling that
the Federal Government could not exercise the right of eminent domain for housing purposes ,
greatly hindered acquisition of necessary land.
Through uecember 31, 1935 ~residential a llocations from the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act for housing projects totalled $101 ,373,050. Warrants countersigned by the Comptroller General at the end of the vear a.mounted to $102 ,73 9 , 050, a total which included pend-
49
ing res cissions. Thes e funds are allocated for 38 pr ojects, one of which will be financed
partly from money made available under the NIRA Act. They also include $465,050 allocated
fo r the purchase of two sites, provision f or construct i on on which has not been ma.de from
ERA f unds • e.nd for the liquidation of commitment s on proJects which beo8Jlle inactive when the
program was curtailed.
The 38 housing p r ojects to be oper ated under the Works Program are located in 29
cities of the continental United States and in the two territories. Puerto Rioo and the Virgin
Islands. All construction will be undertaken unde r a fixed price contract system with the ex•
ce ption of the Virgin Islands project, where the work will be done on a force accotmt basis.
It is estimated that the 37 projects to be constructed entirely with Emergency Relief Appro•
priation funds will provide a total of 17. 759 dwel l ing units to house approximately 74.586
persons, and will furnish employment at the s ites f or a pproximately 36.927 men. There have
been or will be acquired for such projects a t otal of 39, 500 ,000 square feet of land, involving 2,111 parcels.
Contracts on one or more phase s of construction have been awarded on all but one of
the contract proj ects . The contract for the ~r oject in Det roit. Michigan, is expected to be
awar ded shortly. To date, there have been awaraed 13 contract s for demolition of buildings
exis ting on the acquired sites. Demolit i on for the Ten Eyck Houses in New York City is being
perf ormed by the Works Progress A<lministrat i on . Five gene r al construction contracts and 22
fo undation cons truction contracts have be en awarded. aggregating a total of $12.603,094 for
construction. Commitments total $22,801 1 872 and $11,136,209.93 has been expended. Work had
s tarted on 18 project s by the end of 19~5 and it is stated that operations on 9 other projects will begin shor tly thereafter. A distribution of allotments for housing projects by
St ates is shown i n t he tab!e below, together with estimates of the units to be constructed,
pers ons to be housed and numbers to be emp loyed.
ALLOTMENTS FOR PWA HOUSING PROJECTS FROM ERA FUNDS, BY STATES
Deoember 31. 1936
Amount
State
ot
Allotment,s
Total
Ala.baa
Conne cticut
Di strict of Columbia.
Florida
Illinois
Kentucky
Massa.ohusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Nebraska
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oklahoma
Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Wisconsin
Puerto Rioo
Virgin Islands
$100,908,000 ~
Number
Estimat ed
Estimated
Estimated
Units to be
Persons
Number To
Projeota Constructed To Be Roused Be Em:plo:;ed
ot
SB
17,769
74,6B8
36,927
2,500,000
800,000
1 ,600,000
2,000.000
10,750,000
1
1
1
2
3
664
164
32 1
484
1 , 749
2,789
647
1,348
2,033
7.346
1,189
270
678
950
3,623
3 ,400,000
8 ,600,000
4 , 500,000
3,500,000
2,000,000
3
2
l
1
1
619
1, 328
77 9
613
395
2,600
5,677
3,272
2,575
1,659
1.442
2,864
1,617
1,180
674
2
~
869
2,856
4
2,637
1
2
397
379
3,650
11,995
11,075
1,667
1,692
1,584
7,408
4,988
951
707
2
421
1 ,936
196
618
298
146
1,768
8,131
823
2,176
1,262
785
3,987
428
1,001
530
171
4, 700,000
21 , 983,000
14 , 800,000 B/
2,000.000 2,100,000
1,650, 000
9, 400,000
900,000
2,800,000
77 5,000
250,000
4
1
1
1
1
613
In addition to the total of $100,908,000 a l l otted for active projects, the ' sum of
$345,050 was provided f or the liquidation of comnitments on projeots which became
inactive when the program was curtai led, and $120 ,000 for the purohase of two sites
on whi oh ERA funds are not being used for c onstruct ion.
Includes $850 , 000 fr cm ERA funds for one pro j eot f or which $1,150,000 is being provided fran NIRA funds.
50
VI - EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK
Three major activit ies are grouped under this title : first, and by far the largest, is the work of the Civilian Conservation Corps; second, Emergency Conservation Work
performed by Indians on Indian Reservations ; third, Emergency Conservation Work in the territories of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, an:l. the Virgin Islands. All activities are under
the supervision of the Director of Emergen cy Conservation Work, appointed~ the President.
Emergency Conservation Work was created by Act of Congress, approved March 31 ,
1933, am v.e.s put into immediate operation through the provisions of Executive Order 6101,
April 5, 1933. Original funds were provided fran unallocated balances appropriated in an
Act to relieve destitution, approved July 21, 1932. From this Act a total of approximately
$92,875,200 was ultirre.tel y ma.de available. In addition, $9,000,000 was made available from
the Rivers and Harbors Act of May 15, 1933; $323,362,315 from Public 67, 73rd Congress
(June 16, 1933); $289,450,000 um.er Public 412 (approved June 19, 1934); and from the loans
and relief for stricken agricultural areas provisions of the above Act, $48,390,000. A total of $763,077,515, was thus provided prior to the i:assage of the Emergency Relie f Appropriation Act of 1935. Of the amount nade available, a total of approximately $746,173,500
had been obligated for Emergency Conservation Work prior to April, 1935. After March 31,
1935, this work was firumced fran funds made available under the EnErgency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. This Act (Section 14) continued the authority given the President by
the original Act of March 31, 1933.
Allocations me.de between April 8 and October 7, 1935, for Emergency Conservation
Work under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act totalled $523,479,450. Of t his amount;
$.522 ,584 ,000 was for work projects and expenses incurred in carry ing these projects forward
and in operating the CCC camps: $190,450 was for admin istrative expenses , and allocations
totalling $705,000 (chargeable to sub- section G, Section 1, instead of sub-section F, Section 1, ERA, 1935) were made for land purchases.
Emergency Conservation Work is directed from a central office in Washingt on which
coord inate s t he work of the other agencies involved in the program. The Director, who has
occupie d hi s positi on since his appointment at the beginning of the work, is assisted by an
Advisory Council composed of representatives of the Secretaries of War, Agriculture, Interior and Labor. These four departments cooperate in carrying on the major functions of Emergency Conservation Work.
To the War Department is delegated the responsibility for enrollment, physi cal
examimtion, equipping and conditioning of enrollees, transportation of enrol lees, ca.mp construction, command , admi nistration, su pply, sanitation, medical care, fiscal affairs, welfare and education at the camps, am dis charge of enrollees. The War Department also supervises a re latively sma.11 number of work projects on certain military reservat ions and certain flood control projects. The Office of Education (Departm3nt of the Interior) acts in
an advisory capacity to the War Depar-tment in connection with the camp educational program.
To t he Departments of Agriculture aIX1 Interior are del egated the respons ibilities
of sele cting, planning, am. executing the majority of the work proj ects . The major agencies
under the Dep artment of Agriculture engaged in supervising work projects are (1) the Forest
Service .( 2) the Soil Conservation Servioe, (3) the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering,(4) the
Bureau of Biological Survey,(5) the Bureau of Plant Industry,(6) t he Bureau of Animal Industry. Th major agencies under the Department of the Interior engaged in supe rvising work
project are (1) the National Park Servioe , (a) national parks am monuments, national military parks,( b) state parks;(2) Division of Grazing;(3) the Bureau of Reola.natio n;(4) General
Land Office ; (6) Bur eau of Indian Affaira (in oharge of administ r ation aa well as technical
supervi s ion for Indians on Indian Reservations).
Fram April 1 to September 30, 1936 men have been at work in every state in the
United States, the District of Columbia , the territories of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and
the Virgin Islands , engaged in more than 150 differ ent types of work which have been classified under ten major heading s as follows: (1) structural improvements ;(2) transportation
51
improvements;(3) erosion control;(4) flood oontrol, irrigation , and drainage;(5) forest culture ;(6) forest protection;(7) landsoape am reoreation;(8) range;(9) wild life;(lO) other
aotivities. Among the major specific jobs which have been completed during that time may be
enumerated the following:
Types of Work
Vehicle bridges
2,457
Lookout houses and towers
236
Impounding and large diversi on dams
301
Fences (rods)
1,059,684
New truck trails (miles)
7,988
Truck trails maintained (miles)
43,582
Soil erosion check dams
492,188
Forest trees plante d
114,635,500
Fightin~ forest fires (man-days of work)
442,275
2ire presuppression (man-days of work)
463,166
Roadside and trailsid e fire hazard
reduction (mile s )
10,016
Fire breaks (miles)
5,332
Tree and plant diseas e s control (acres)
885,996
Tree insect pest control (acres)
710,461
Rodent control (a c res)
5,035,615
The Depa. rt:oont of Labor is charged with selecting prospective enrollees in the age
group, 17 to 28. Through its delegated representatives in every State, it receives appl icati ons, determines qualifications of applicants, the need of their prospective allo ttees (who
receive about -t 25 .00 of the $30.00 basic monthlv cash allowanco earned bv enrolled men).
makes final sele ~tions and instructs selected persons to appear for acceptance and enrollment
by the War Department. The delegated representatives of the Department of Labor in eaoh
State, termed State Directors of Selection, are the active heads of the relief administrations in the several States. State cuotas, based on relief loads and on the population of
the several StRtes, are used by the Dep~rtment of Labor in initially determining the number
of selectees. Prior to the beginning of each new enrollment period, the ',far Department
furnishes the Labor Department with an estirmte of the number of new enrollees required to
brin~ each State up to its fh 11 quota strength. Local quotas wi t:1i:i the State are allocated
by the several State Directors of Selection.
In order to be enrolled in the Civilian Conservation Corps (ju nior group). a nan
rust be betv:ePn the ages of 17 am 28, inclusive, a citizen of the United states, unme.rried,
unemployed, ph:rsico.lly fit, and a member of a family on the public relief rolls. Enrollment
is voluntary. The enrollee must be willjl']f; to allot a substantial portion of his $30.00 basic monthly cash allowance to his dependents. Enrollment in the CCC by one mer.iber of a
family does not preclude the Employment of another member of the same family on some Works
Pro£ran: project. Men enroll for a period of six months. This enrollment is a contract with
the Government and may be broken, with honor, only in extraordinar y circumstances or when
the enrollee is offered permanent anpl cyment elsewhere.
War veterans, without regard to age or marital status, are also permitted to enroll in the CCC. The veterans' contit1t;ent is selected by the Veterans' Adninistration.
Each veteran s e l ected having dependents is required to allot to them not less than threequarters of his pay.
The third major group of enrollees in the CCC are local experienced men, not more
These men are selected by the technical agencies at the camp s without re gard to age or im.rita.l condition - although the relief
roll provision is in effect. Such men are prilTB.rily selected to afford additional opportunities for local employrrent and to permit skilled woodsmen to obtain employment which would
not otherwise be available.
than 15 of whom are attached to each junior company.
52
After enrollment, but before being assigned duties on work proj ects. enrol lees are
training for a period of approximately two weeks, either in conditioning
physioal
given
oamps or at work camps. Conditioning consists of comparatively light duties, possibly calisthenics and other exercise which will fit the enrollees for the hard physical work at
the camps .
In addition t o the enrolled personnel , a large number of ot her worker s are essential in conducting Emergency Conservation Work. These include t he non-enrol l ed personnel,
engaged in supervisory, technical, professional, olerical, and scientific capacities, and
also the officers who command the camps and a large body of skill ed and unski lled workmen
who are necessary in camp construotion and in certain phases of the work projects.
As indicated in t he tab11il.ation below, total employment in .Emergency Conservation
Work from. April through Deo•ber, 19S6, (the period during whi ch i t baa been financed un•
der the ERA Act), fluctuated from 389,000 to 693,000 persons. On April 30 a total of
~91, 955 pers ons wer e engaged in this work; a alight decline in May brought this figure down
to 388,873. Subsequently, employment rose until it reached its peak on August 31, when
593,499 persons were at wo rk. Since that date the trend had been dO\llllward except during
October when an enrollment per iod produced a temporary increase in the total employment.
It is estimat ed that on December 28 about 619,000 pe r sons were engaged in the
work carried on by this a gency. The total was composed of 469 , 485 enrollees and 59 , 443
non-enrolled persons (exclusive of administrative personnel in the office of t he Director
of !mergency Conservat i on Work). Enrollees, of whom approximatel~ 10 percent a re war veterans, consi st of a pproxi mately 447 , 000 in barrack camps in the continental Uni ted States,
8,449 Indians on Indian re servations, and 4,036 in the territories of Alaska , Hawaii , Puerto
Rico, and the Virgi n Islands. Non-enrolled personnel includes 393 te r rit or ials, 1 , 050. in
Indian Conservat ion Wor k, and 58,000 connected with the CCC camps who we re engaged in supervisory, technical, cle r ical, professional, or similar capacities, or who were engaged in the
construction and maintenance of oamps and in other work requiring special kinds of labor
qualifications.
D1PLOYl1ENT IN D1ERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK , BY HONn! S ~
Aprll 3' to December :?8, 1935
Date
Total
CCC
Enrollees
I ndians
April 30
391, 955
341,891
May
31
388, 873
June
30
July
Aug .
Non- enr olled Personnel
Indi ans
Territo rials
Terri.t orials
CCC
3, 903
3,440
41, 512
850
349
329 ,3 62
6,413
3,496
48,102
1, 122
378
431, 595
358 , 558
9 , 574
3, 562
58, 049
1, 464
388
31
486,710
404, 425
9 , 408
3, 897
67, 082
1,452
446
31
'5 93,499
505, 782
rn, 115
4, 022
71,914
1, 307
359
Se pt. 30
53 6,483
449, 580
9 ,161
3,922
72 , 240
1,196
384
Oct,
31
559,033
474 ,390
9 , 474
4 ,590
69,008
1, 162
409
Nov.
30
544,265
470 ,121
8,088
4, 036
59 ,748
1, 079
393
Dec.
28
51C, 928
,i47 , ooo
8,449
4, 036
58 , 000
1, 050
393
~/
Doe s not include administrative personne l in th e Offi ce of th e Direc tor of JOC;W.
Obligations incurred for Emergency Cons ervation Work as repo rted by the Of fice
of the Director totalled &lmost $44,180,000 dur ing December. This brought the t otal amount
obligated between April and December 31, 1936 t o about $391,067,000. Appr oximately
$381,381,000 of this total represents obligations incurred in the continental United States
(excluding work on Indian Reservations). In addition $7,747,000 was used f or Indian Emergency Conservation Work while the remaining $1,929,000 went for similar operation in the
Territories.
VII - RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTBATION
The Resettlenent Administration wa.s created by Exeoutive Order on April 30, 1935
to ass ist destitute farm families by means of loans or grants; to aid destitute farm families in moving to better areas, if they so desire; to administer a program of land utilization projects; and to develop housing projects in the vioinity of large cities. This Administration absorbed the functions of four previously existing agencies: The Land Program of
the FERA, the Subsistence Homesteads Division of the Department of Interior, the Land Policy
Seotion of the AAA, alXi the Rural Rehabilitation Division of the FERA.
It is planned to assist 525,000 destitute farm families in all parts cf the country under the Rural Rehabilitation program. Th assistance includes readjustment of the
families' indebtedness, development of farm and home management plans, loans for purohase
or lease of nece.ssary capital goods, with supervision to make the Rehabilitation Plan effective, and grants for subsistenoe goods. On Navember 30 there were 333,193 cases under care.
Of these 85.687 were standard rehabilitation oases, and 247,506 were emergenoy oases.
Standard ranabilitat~ cases are defined by the Administration as those f or whom rehabilitation loans based on regular farm and home nanagement plans have been approved. All other
cases lllhioh receive assistance under the program are classified as emergency rehabilitation
oases. In selecting emergency oases, preference is to be given to those who offer some proapeot of ultimately becoming standard rehabilitation oases. Between July 1 and December 15
loans and grants from all funds, inoluding Rural Rehabilitation Corporation funds, totalled
approximate ly $16,268,000, of which about $7,531,000 came from Works Program funds.
In addition to the farm families who are to be given assistance at the place where
they are now residing, it is proposed to assist 20,000 farm families in moving from their
present locations to pla.oes better suited to agrtoulture. ApproxiDBtely one-half of these
famil ies are now residing on land which is to be purchased for the land utilization projeots.
The majority of the families who will be assisted in moving to new looations are to be
settled in new oomnunities which will be constructed by the Resettlement Administration.
The program for land utilization involves the purchase of lands unsuited to agriaultural production, and their withdrawal from agricultural use in order to devote them to
forestation, grazing, wild life protection and the like. This development work involves the
demolition of buildings and other structures, drainage, forestation, grading, building of
dams and other preparatory work. The total program as of December 5, provides for the purchase of almost 10,000,000 acres of lan:l., all of which have been definitely selected. Approximately 11,000,000 acres have already been formally offered to the Government at a .total
price of about $47,000,000. Options have been accepted on almost 6 1 000,000 acres which
would provide for 187 projects at a cost of approxillla.tely $26,500,000. Acceptance of an option is a definite comnitment to purchase. All purchases completed to date have been made
out of funds originall¥ allotted to the Land Program of the FER.A. Under the Works Program
$20,000,000 was allocated to the Resettlement Administration for the purchase of similar
land. A sum of $15,000,000 for development of these lands me been made available to the
Works Progress Administration which in turn has designated the Resettlement Administration
as the agency to carry out the work. Since the amount originally requested for land utilization work was nearly three times the amount actually provided, it is proposed to begin
work ill'IIJlediately on only the 137 of these projects which have already been approved by the
President. As of December 15, work was under way on 90 projects.
The Suburban Resettlement Division has been charged with the two-fold t ask of
finishing the former Subsistence H~steads projects which have been approved for completion,
and of developing l01f cost suburban oonmunities in the vicinity of selected large cities.
The Subsistence Homesteads projects are low cost housing projects so located that
residents would be enabled to produce part of their subsistence on their own land. Construction on 16 of these projects had been completed by the Resettlement Administration by December 15. Work on 12 others is under way. Four other projects of this type are contemplated
but not yet initiated. Plans for the other projects which were transferred from the Subsistence Homesteads Division are under study to determine what disposition shall be made.
LOCATION
PROJECTS
OF
RESETTLEMENT
ADMINISTRATION
-~---,
•t I -;,- - -i:-..----.::o~
.7±:-~-;:r·t;t/ ---·-·T·.
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~
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SUBMARGINAL LAND PURCHMt
TOTAL NUMB CR - ez
•
SUBM.-.RGINAL LANO PURCHASC AND
LANO USE. OE't'ELOPMCr-lT PROJCCTS
TOTAL
NUMB C:R - 126
FOR " C.R.
lUIU IST CNGE HOUUTCAD
NUMBER - 2.8
.)U85!iTCNCt
PROJCCT~
.
j•
•.•~-••n•• .
PROJECTS
NUMBER. - 4
PROJECT3
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HOMUT(AO Pl\0,JCCTS
TOTAL
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SUBURBAN HOVSING
TOTAL MUMeCR- 4
I
1·
K£Y
( tONTEMPLATEO}
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66
The selection of homesteaders has already been started for these projeots, which
are planned to provide 3,318 homes. Of these 1,522 have been completed a.nd 1,261, or more
than 80 percent, were occupied as of November 16. It is stated that 6,327 persons were living in these homes. More than 26,000 applications have been received.
Projeots to provide low cost collUlunities in the suburban areas of nine large cities
have been approved by the President. The total cost of these projects was estimated at
$68,500 ,000. Thirty-one million dollars has been allotted for the work, and it is planned
to develop five of the projects: Hightstown, and Bound Brook, New Jersey, near New York
City; Berwyn, Ma.ryla.nd, near Washington, D. c.; Cincirmati, Ohio; and one other site which
has not yet been announced. Work on the four projects mentioned has been started , and options on the land for the other one are being secured. About 6,000 housing units will be
included in these five projects. The location of these and the other projects mentioned in
preceding paragraphs is indicated in the accompanying me.p.
In order to assure uniformity in the conduct of the community projects established
by the various divisions of the Resettlement Administration, the Management Division is to
become responsible for the care a:rxl maintenance of property, selection of occupants, and the
leasing or selling of houses on community projects af'ter completion. It will also assist in
the organization of community or cooperative associations, and in the adjustment of school,
tax, and economic relations of the projects to surrounding counties and States, and in making provisions for educational, health, recreational, industrial and marketing facilities,
and will act for the Resettlerent Administration in working out details of the procedure
whereby these communities can become autonomous units.
By December 1~ a total of $196 ,070,000 had been allotted to the Administration,
of which nearly $100,000,000 will be used for work projects: $7.ooo,ooo for completion
of homesteads; $31,000,000 for suburban developments; $16,000,000 for le.nd development (made
available by WPA); and $47,000,000 for construction on Resettlement projects. Of the remainder, $44,000,000 was allotted for rehabilitation; $7,420,000 for relief in stricken agricultural areas; $22,000,000 for purchase of land; $2,000,000 for farm debt adjuatmenti and
$20,650,000 for administration.
Resettlement Administration has received three exemptions from the regulation that
at least 90 percent of a.11 persona working on a project must be taken from the relief rolls.
These exempt the following: persons employed on former Subsistence Homesteads projects before July 30, and those who are to occupy homes on these projects; Resettlement Administration clients when employed on Resettlement Administration projeotsa and persons resident on
la:rxl to be used for land utilization projects, not exceeding 15 percent of all persons employed on these projects.
Resettlement Administration projects on December 28 employed 16,861 persons, the
greater part of whom were at work on land utilization projects, and on the projects for suburban developments. A marked spurt in employment occurred in mid-November. This coincided
~~th the initiation of land utilization projects.
56
VIII - BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS
On May 16, the Advisory Committee on Allotments recommended to the President the
allocation to the Bureau of Public Roads of $200 1 000 ,000 for construction on highways, roads,
and streets; $200,000,000 for grade cross ings elimination; and $100 1 000,000 to cover highway work previously provided for and begun under the Hayden-Ca.rtvtright Act of June 18, 1934
which had authorized the spending of $200 ,000,000 on Public Works highway construction under
the 1935 program. The first $100 1 000,000 had been appropriated for this program in the
Emergency Appropriation Act, passed on June 19, 1934.
In accordance with the rules and regulations issued by the President on July 12,
funds are not available for expenditure on new work projects until a program of proposed
projects has been submit ·ced by the State Highway Department to the District Engineer of the
Bureau of Public Roads, and with his approval, to the State Administrator of the Works
Progress Administration and the State Director of the Nati onal Emerg~cy Council. Having
received their concurrence on the basis of the availability of relief labor, the projects
are submitted for approval by the District Engineer to the Bureau of Public Roads in Washington. Subsequent to Presidential approval of projects, the State must file complete plans
and specifications with the District Engineer of the Bureau. The District Engineer, at his
di scretion, may authorize a.dvertisenent of a project , but cannot agree to the a.ward of any
contract until after the project has been approved by the Washington office of the Bureau.
Contracts can b e let after bids have been advertised for not less than two weeks. The contractor is obliged to employ unski lled and int ermediate workers through the u. s. Employment
Service, and must give preference t o qualified relio f labor on all jobs. The rules and regulations specify t hat "Whenever feasible and practical the contract method shall be used for
undertaking work under the Act. Where a. State highv1ay depirtment, however, is organi zed and
equipped to undertake projects on a day labor or force account ba.sis,--approval may be given
to this latter irethod of undertakir>.g the work on any project." Another exception to the
regular procedure is made for "projects of a. hi 6h order of priority with respect to providing
emplo~nt on desirable improver.,ent::;-- 11 which may be approved for construction by the District Engineer prior to formal action, provided clearance is obtained from the State Director of the NEC and the St6.te W?.P_ Administrator.
The $200,000,000 al]oce,tion for highways, roe.ds- and street s was apportioned among
the States, the District of Columbi~ and Hawn.ii on June 3 by the Secretary of Agriculture
in accordance with a statutory fonm1la whereby 7 / 24 is distributed on the be.sis of area, 7/24
on the basis of post road mileage a.rd 10/24 or. the basis of population. On the same date
the $200, 000,000 appropriation for gre.de crossir,gs elimination was similarly dist ribut ed,
half on the basis of population, a quarter on the mileage of the Federal-aid highway system
and a quarter on the railroad ~ileage. For necessary engineering and administrative expenses, $5,000,000 was first deducted from the h ighways and $4,000,000 from the grade crossings funds. The table on the foll~ving pa Ge show~ the apportiornnents to each State under
these bro headings.
Specifications concer!'ling the types of highway projects to be undertaken with funds
provided under th~ t200,ooo,ooo allocation were included in the rules and regulations outlined by the President. The percentage distribution of allotments for projects approved by
the Bureau through December 31 snd of total mileage among these typss of projects is given
below·.
Type of Highway
Percent of
Total Approvals
th e Federal-aid highway systan outside munic':ipali~ies nnd metropolitan a reas
On the Federal-aid higlrffay system or its extensions
within municipalities and metropolitan areas
On the State highway system outside of municipalities
and metropolitan areas
On secondary or feeder roads outside nnmicipalities
and metropolitan areas, but not on the State or
Federal-aid systan
In municipalities or metropolitan areas, but not on
the Federal-aid highway system
Percent of
Total Mileage
On
26.l
8.5
25.2
10.0
STATUS OF llJRCS PROGRAM HIGHWAY .urn GR!DE CROSSIN:. PROJW.l'S
Deoember 31, 1935
PROJECTS
Value of
Value of Plana
Contraots
Approved
Awarded
!1z Burea.u
GRID! CROSSING
PROJECTS
Value of Pl.ans
Value of
HIGH1'J.Y
State
A.pportio11I1ent
Tot al
J.labama
-'rizona
.lrkanaas
California
Colorado
Conneotiout
Delaware
Dist. of Col.
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Xanaas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mi asi ssippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hanpshire
New Jersey
New Mexioo
New York
North Carolina
North DakDta
Ohio
Ok:l.ahoma
Oregon
Pennaylvania.
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Uhb
Vex,nont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
1fi1100nsin
Wyoming
Hnai.1
.lppoitioI1111mt
.Approved
&
Bureau
Contraot ■
.An.rclod
$195,000, 000
$85,818, 370
$53,657,761
$196,000,000
$51,157,633
$28,474,929
4,151,115
2,569,841
3,352,061
7,747,928
3,395,263
1,418,709
900,310
949,496
2,597,144
4,988,967
2,222,747
8,694,009
4,941,255
4,991,664
4,994,975
3,726,271
2,890,429
1,676,799
1, 750,738
3,262,885
6,301,414
5,277,145
3,457,552
6,012,652
3,676,416
3,870,739
2,243,074
945,225
3,129,805
2,en,397
11,046,377
4,720,173
2,867,245
7,670,815
4,580,670
3,038,642
9~347,797
989,208
2,102,012
2,976,454
4,192,460
11,989,350
2,667,154
924,306
3,652,667
3,026,161
2,231,412
4,.823,884
2,219,155
926,033
3,347,514
1,521,510
1,051,620
4,936,687
1,080,568
910,372
1,235,188
1,154,831
2,614,944
941,270
4,034,617
1,256,099
3,574,060
7,486,362
2,631,567
1,712,684
2,709,849
50,000
1,166,640
5,747,763
920,767
1,139,172
445,616
719,881
1,151,387
483,241
1,019,609
4,678,543
2,798,228
1,313,826
2,538,746
2,258,689
1 1 085 1 311
1,210,264
155,922
250,416
719,881
577,536
418,239
6,057,961
2,026,808
2,018,453
3,286,265
2,576,683
2,273,905
1,345,137
265,255
1,697,975
1,001,589
5,046,617
1,402,894
477,701
2,130,612
2,205,972
1,896,804
633,366
211,192
441,841
823,203
897,646
6,074,079
746,370
467,523
1,330,590
1,945,156
771,175
1,993,569
971,390
195,477
754,609
2,172,237
1,934,077
695,615
1 1 743 1 206
1,446,564
157,548
1,140,767
23,251
4,869,661
822,664
896,630
1,953,129
2,149,893
993,217
1,345,137
257,687
514,689
979,158
4,670,067
788,691
416,021
980,612
529,228
1,277,876
170,656
93,054
296,459
700,405
358,956
4,617,043
575,743
199,nO
1,035,094
1,403,685
577,056
1,246,576
466,592
410,804
2,827,883
4,895,949
1,674,479
10,307,184
5,111,096
s,600,679
5,246, 258
3,672, 387
3,213,467
1,426,861
2,061,751
4,210,833
6,765,197
5,395,441
3,241,475
6,142,153
2,722,327
3,556,441
887,260
822,484
3,983,826
1,725,286
13,577,189
4,823,958
3,207,473
8,439,897
5,004,711
2,334,204
11,483,613
699,691
3,059,956
3,249,086
3,903,979
10,855,982
1,230,763
729,857
3,774,287
3,095,041
2,677,937
s,022,683
1,360,841
453,703
166,697
1,125,474
50,000
363,864
3,693,160
331,131
644,152
637,415
1,eze,211
2,658,5.40
1,189,150
1,266,565
2,050,829
931,000
369,193
505,309
756,997
4,728,652
928,569
997,003
840,630
1,682,842
1,764,469
319,404
140,766
585,369
272,599
2,083,072
846,350
78,694
885,814
557,215
3,528,310
792,383
173,237
126,599
1,604,387
794,446
577,427
236,879
533,928
175,596
351,896
2,161,860
347,274
474,226
209,501
1,505,885
513,010
3,356,010
366,510
147,361
126,599
863,517
594,173
203,527
236,879
129,616
123,822 ,
183,506
339,787
158, 359
306,617
209,501
1,426,048
1,354,716
55,365
113,769
685,473
55,365
175,043
756,997
2,669, 602
458,968
273,844
203,387
1,648,446
970,181
319,404
68
Highway projects under ~he abo~e classifications we re approved on the basis of
providing a man-year of employment for each #1,400 allotted. The inability to build intermediate or high type hi ghways involving considerab le imterial expenditur es within this limitation led to the adoption of an alternate plane Under this plan the States a greed to se•
cure through the u. s. Employment Servic e (giving prefe ence to relief labor ) one man for
each $1,400 of its apportionment . The State is then permitted to use such individuals on
any work being done under its direction, including State maintenance and repair work as well
as State construction projects , Federal-aid project s and Works Progrrun hi ~hway projects.
This procedure insures the provision of one man-yea r of e:r>.ployment for each $1,400 of the
State• s apportionment, regardless of type of highv-ay r oj e1t on which it occu1·e ,.
No specific lLrni tation on man-year cost was impos ed on expenditures for grade crossing projects which were authorized by the rules and regulations for three types of highways.
7hese types, together with the percentage distribution of allotments for projects approved by
the Bureau, under the $200 1 000 1 000 allocation for this work, are given below:
Percent of
Total Approvals
Type of Highway
the Federal-ai d highY1ay system outside municipalities
On highways ·,vithin or into municipalities, whether or not on
extensions of the Federal-aid highway system
On Secondary or feeder roads outs ide municipalities
On
By Deca:nber 31, 1935 applications from every StaGe, the District of Columbia and
Hawai i, totalling $153 1 235 1 138, for highway projects had been submitted while the President
had approved $146,110,998 of these applications. The Bureau of Public Roads had approved
plans and specifications for bids totalling $85 1 818, 370J and contracts totalling $53,657,761
had been awarded. On the same date, grade crossings project applications submitted by the
District of Columbia, Hawaii and all States exoept Louisiana a.mounted to $154,362 1 035, Presidential approvals of these projects amounted to $143,011,407, Bureau of Publio Roads approvals
of ple.ns and specifications to $51 , 157,633 and contracts awarded to $28,474,929. Plans approved and contracts awarded, together vii th the amounts apportioned, for the t,.rn types of work
are presented by States in the tabulation on the preceding page.
In addition to the Works Program highway and grade crossing projects, the Public
;'f orks hi h •fay ~nstruction program provided for under the Hayden-Cartwright Act is b eing
finan ced pa t ly by ERA funds. The $200,000,000 program for the fiscal year 1935 authorized
by t his Act included work on the follovling types of highways :
Type of P.ighway
On the Federal-aid highway system outside of municipalities.
(Not more than 50 percent of the funds could be applied~
On extensions of the Federal-aid highYf~ system into and
through municipalities. (Not less then 25 percent of the
funds could be applied~
On secondary or feeder roads. (Not less than 25 percent
of the f unds could be applied .)
Percent of
Total Approvals
Percent of
Mileage
48.6
26.4
25.0
40.7
The $100.000,000 appropriated for this purpose by the Emergency appropriation Act of June 19,
1934 financed the y;ork until August 1935., when employment on the 1935 program had rea.ched a
peak of about 112,000 persons. Subsequent to tlat date the $100 1 000,000 provided und er the
ERA Act of 1935 has been used for this work. Employment on the 1935 program tapered off
graduall y to 65,000 persons in October. However, the number of persons working on projects
under this pro~am financed from funds provided under the ERA Act of 1935 did not become
available weekly until November 16. Prior to that dat e. therefore, this employment was not
included in the total Works Program employment provided under the Bureau of Public Roads.
Employment under the $400,000 ,000 allocation for Works Program highway and grade
crossing projects began in August when Michigan got its highway construction program under
way. Alabama initiated the grade cross ing progra.m a few weeks later. By December 28, a
total of 73,353 persons were at work, incl uding workers engaged on Works Program highway and
grade crossing projects, on projects operating under the 1935 Public Works highway program
fi nanced out of the $100,000 1 000 appropriation from ERA :f'unds, and under the alternate plan.
69
IX - OTHER AGENCIES
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Agricultural Engineering
The President has approved allocations of $3,195 for improvements to grounds and
buildi ngs at the Bureau's Soils Laboratory at Auburn, llabBJll8., and J3,956 for the construction of a.n unloading platform and the rat-proofing of warehouses at the Cotton Ginning Lab•
oratory in Stoneville, Mississippi. With only slight variations, employment on these projects has been maintained at the level of December 28 when 24 workers secured from relief
rolls and 2 non-relief persons were at work.
Animal Industry
In order to remove the cause of a cattle disease which had been costing the United
States at least $40,000.000 annually, Congress in 1906 initiated the work of eradicating the
cattle tiok. Under the Bureau of Animal Industry, nth the cooperation of state and County
officials and cattle a,mers, great progress has been me.de toward the elimination of this cost-.
ly pest. However, affected areas still remain in certain counties of Texas, Florida and
Louisiana. To eradicate the cattle tiok in these three States, the President approved an allocation of tl,454,000 to the Bureau. Another allocation of $200,000 was made for liver fluke
control in Oregon, washington, ~tah and Nevada. Because of the limited amount allocated for
liver nuke control it will be possible for the Buree;u only to danonstrate the means of eradicating this paras ite and perhaps educate farmers to continue the work on their own initiative.
The work whioh the Bureau is now carrying on consists of the drainage and clearing of stag•
:cant pools and 9118&P lands. The remaining $28,900 of the Bureau's $1 .682.900 total allocation ia to be uaed for improvements on its field station at Brooke,~lle. Florida.
Employment on these three projeots ha.a increased steadily since work began. keeping within the requiranent that 90 percent of the workers be ta.ken from relief r olls. However, on December 28, with a total of 714 persons at work, only about one-fourth of the estimated daily average employment had been attained. The low level of employment is attributed to delays in securing supplies, diffirulty in securing qualified personnel from the relief rolls in Louisiana and Florida. wage rate 8lld jurisdiotional problems, and tmfavorable
weather condittons .
Biological Survey
The President has approved an allocation of $266,289 for the Bureau of Biological
Survey, to conserve wild life, cheok flood and erosion. establish waterfowl refuges, stabilize water supply and develop recreational facilities in 21 counties of North Dakota. Owing
to a local uncertainty regarding the eligibility for employment of farmers on relief, most
of whom were considered under the jurisdiction of the Resettle~ent Administration, and to
questions ooncerning the rates at which farmsrs with teams should be paid, the work was delayed for some time. No material employment -.as reported until the middle of November after
the Worka Progress Administration had authorized the employment of the farmers whose eligibility had been questioned. Although severe winter weather is at present retarding employ•
ment, 331 persons were at work on this projeot on Deosnber 28.
Chemistry _and Soils
An allocation of $20.000 was approved for a project involving the oonstruotion of
an electric power line from Lake Butler to the Bureau's Naval Stores Station at Olustee,
Florida. Subsequently, it developed that the line could be more advantageously run from. Lake
City, and the project was aooordingly amended. Thus far it has been impossible to conclude a
satisfactory agreement with the Florida POlrer and Light Company, which by a Florida statute
is vested with the right to blild suoh lines. The principal points of disagreement between
the Bureau and the pCM"er oomµmy involve the amount of funds to be expended for labor, the
portion of the total cost of the project to be oontributed by the Canpany, and the question
of the future ownership of the line. A proposal for an a.mended project has been forwarded to
the Under-Seoretary of Agriculture for his· approval.
LOCATION OF PROJECTS
BUREAU Of ENTOMOLOGY
AND PLANT QUARANTINE
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IN[)CATCS COUNTl( S IN WHICH
PROJ ECT S ARC BEING CONOVCT CO
tNOtCAT[ 5 STATt S TO St
SU RVC Y( O f OR PCACH MOSAIC
~-
n
Dairy Industry
This Bureau has reoeived approval tor one t~.ooo projeot for repairing of roads, tern.oing and fenoing &t one of its field st&tiona looated at Lewisburg. Tennease~. Work was
started on September 16 and is expeoted to be completed late in January• 1936. All but one of
the 15 persona employed on December 28 bad been taken f'rom relief rolls.
Entomology and Plant Quarantine
Al.].ooations totalling $16.569.817 have been made to the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine for projeots whioh are prima.rily oonoerned with the extension of i ts regular work in
oontrol or eradioation of inseot pests e.nd noxious plants in all states exoept Nebraska. and Oklahoma.. Less than one perosnt of these funds are being used for buildings and miscellaneous small
repairs at field stations 1111.inta.ined by the Bureau in North Carolina, Texas and Louisiana. 'Ihe
locations in whioh the Works Program actiTities of this Bureau are being carried on. are indicated in the map an the preceding page.
Through the use of the regular field staff• most of whom are still being paid by the
Bureau, it was possible to begin work soon at'ter 1\1.nds were made available. On June 10
the $2,730.000 project for eradicating Dutch Elm disease got under way in New Jersey, New York
and Connecticut. An exemption from the requirement that 90 percent of the workers be taken from
public relief rolls was secured for the initial, scouting phase of this project, which required
trained personnel. Another exemption faoilitated the purchase of supplies needed for this
project.
The Bureau's most important project for which $6 1 328,736 ha.d been allotted, started
on July 30. This project, to protect white pine forests involves the systematic eradication
of currant and gooseberry bushes which carry the blister rust disease. The work is entirely
outside the boundaries of the National Forests in which the Forest Service is carrying on
similar work.
Two other projects, each of which md been allotted over $2,000,000, began operations
early in August. One involves the destruction of the gypsy moth which is harmful to fruit
an d other trees, and the other the eradication of the connnon barberry bush which serves as the
intermediate host of black stem rust. Snall grains suoh as wheat, oats, barley and rye are
destroyed by the rust. other projects operating under this Bureau involve the control or
eradication of plant diseases and harmful insects. A survey in 19 states to determine the
spread of the European corn borer is also being conducted with funds allocated to this Bureau.
In beginning work on some projects, the Bureau was hampered by difficulties in
securing supplies and trucks which were needed to transport workers to isolated job locations
and to remove the diseased or noxious plants which were to be destroyed. Arter the Bureau received permission (August 28) to purchase directly supplies costing $300 or less, work progressed more rapidly.
Total employment reached its peak during September and October when an average of
more than 18,000 workers was maintained. As winter approached certain projects were forced
to suspend or curtail work temporarily, but the resulting decline in employment was somewhat
offset by the expansion of other projects. On December 28, relief persons employed under this
Bureau numbered 12,330 and non-relief workers 790.
Extension Service
The functions of the Extension Service include educating farmers through demonstrations and displays,in the best methods of increasing production. The President approved
a.n allocation of $4,066 to this Bureau for the renovation and olassifioation of exhibits, and
improvements of the Exhibits Warehouse building in Alexandria, Virginia. After some delay
in obtaining personnel from relief sources, the Service oommenced work on October 16. Average
daily employmait to date on this project bas been 11 persona, 9 of whom were obtained from the
relief rolls.
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63
Forest Service
The basic objective of all activities planned and supervised by the u. s. Forest
Service is to so reb.lild • develop and manage forest lands that they may adequat e ly cont ribut e
to the permanent support of the nation's population. Under the Works Program the Servi ce has
received allocations totalling $13.827~500 to carry on activities projected along the same
lines as its regular work, which includes the construction and maintenance of fire-br eaks •
lookout houses and towers, land i ng fields• telephone lines, roads and t rails, range fences .
shelterbelt and forest planting and tree nurseries. thinning of f-0rest stands• fire preventi on
and control, control of destructive animals and vegetation• surveys of forest resources, and
the development of fish and game preserves. The map on the preceding page indicates where this
work is being carried on.
A land acquisition program providing for the expenditure of $12,000,000 for purcpase
of lands within or contiguous to the National Forests has also been approved. Of the
$12,000,000 total, $500,000 has been tentatively set aside to make surveys and appraisals in
connection with land purchase and $250,000 reallocated to the Legal Division of t he Depnrtment of Agricultur e for the administrative expenses of necessary legal investigations relative to the land acquisition , while the balance ($11,250,000) is to be utilized for the purchase of approximately 3,000, 000 acres of land for the National Forests. The National Forest
Reservation Commission, which must pass on all land acquisitions for the above purpose, has
already approved purchases t o the value of $9,565,624.
Work started on the Forest Service project on June 25. Employment increased rapidly.
exceeding the estimated daily average of 14.584 by early September. After reaching a peak of
al.most 20.000 persons in October, employment dropped off with the onset of winter weather to a
total of 14.824 persons on December 28.
Plant Industry
In practically all major agricultural areas in the United States, the Bureau of
Plant Industry operates field stations and laboratories to conduct research in the development
and selection of crops. The Bureau has received 11 Presidential allocations totalling $43,500
for miscellaneous repairs and improvements to buildings located at nine of these field stations.
Total employment on December 28 was estimated as 98 persons. of wham 96 percent had been taken
from relief rolls. Due to a local shortage of labor, the $3,700 project at Willard. North
Carolina• has not yet commenced operations.
Soil Conservation Service
Erosion control has been carried on by this Service since its creation in 1933. Wi th
the destructive dust storms in the Middle West during the swmner of 1934 emphasizing the importance of. and need for extension of this work. the President allocated $25,000,000 to the
Service. Subseque~tly $4,000,000 of this amount was rescinded and transferred to the Department of Agriculture for administrative purposes. The major part of the remaining $21,000,000
is being spent for practical demonstration projects, 144 of which are now operating in 41 St at e s .
These are supplemented by research and survey work. and nursery projects established for experimentation with and growing of various types of vegetative soil binders. Less than 10 percent of
the amount allocated will be used for the latter types of work. The map on the following page
indicates the location of the Works Program activities of the Service.
Dernonstrntion projects are set up in representative soil and agricultural areas on both
public and private lands where erosion has already caused much damage or threatens to do so. On
private lands a 5-year contract is entered into by the farmer and the Service, under which t he
Service supplies such materials, labor and machinery as are necessary, while the farmer supplements these with such materials, labor, and personal services as he can afford. A f arm management schedule is laid out which the farmer obligates himself to follow. It was planned t o initiate a sufficient number of projects to make the opportunity of vi ewin g t he work ava i lable to
all farmers. In instances where demonstration projects are carried out on public lands, al l arrangements are n:ade with the agency which has jurisdiction over the lands.
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On nursery projects, t re es, shrubs, l egumes, and various types of vegetation are grown
for transplanting to demonstration projects. The resee.roh projects operate in various parts of
the cotmtry to determine the r elationship between vari011s conditions of soil, slope, cl imate e.nd
methods of land u se. Hydrologi c studi es and studies of siltation and the behavior of silt-le.den
streams ar~ ca.rtied on, a s well a s survey work to provide an inventory of the physical condit i on
of the land. a s a be.s i s of a. planned pro gram.
The Soil Con.senra.tion Serrloe bu reoeived several exempt ions from the ruling t hat
at lea.st 90 percent of all persons working s lall ha.ve been taken ·rrom t ·he public r elief ro lls.
The first provided that a portion of the funds al lotted for materials might be spent for additional supervision, incidentally permitting t he number of non-relief employees to exceed 10
percent of the total, although not reducing the actual number of relief persons to be employed.
Another exE111ption from the 90 percent relief provision wa.s granted to prevent the discharge of
710 workers who had previously been employed by the Service and had been paid out of PWA funds.
Pennission was also secured to hire tractor and terre.cer ODere.tors from non-relief sources,
provided that the relief rolls were exhausted of such labor. Indians who are the only workers
available in certain parts of the Southwest are numerically the most important type of labor
exempted from the relief provision. Permission he.a been granted by the Service to hire Indians,
most of whom are wards of t he Federal Government, without regard to their relief status. Indian labor is estinat ed at more thm 80 percent of the total number exempted.
Starting on August 16 when about 1,000 persons were at work, enqiloyment increased
steadily, reaching t he estimated daily average of 21,600 before the end of October. By December 28 almost 32,000 persons were at work.
Weather Bureau
On Augus t 30 the Weather Bureau received an a.l location of $17, 700 for a study to develop a method of l ong range weather forecasting, to be carried on at three of its stations .
The beginning of the study was delayed until October 28, pending the developnent of a machine
whioh was ultimately found to be of insufficient value to warrant its use on the project. The
estimated daily average employment of 18 persons was reached on December 7 and baa been maintained to date.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Census
Total allocations of $9,881,948 ha.ve been nade to th~ Bureau of the Census, whose
program includes three projects: the Alphabetical .Index of the Census of 1900, with an all ocati on of $1,804,948; the Census of Business Enterprise of 1935, t7,784,000; and the Survey
of Retail Trade, $293,000.
Because of the changes in monthly earnings schedules in St. Louis and Philadelphia
where these projects are located, labor costs have increased and further allotments have been
requested to supplement the i'unds already provided. These have been refused. Certain savings, hmrever, will be effected by the combination of the Survey of Retail Trade with the Census of Business Enterprise of 1936.
Need for the Alpha.betioal Index of the Census of 1900 is a result of recent security
legis lation on the part of several States and the Federal Government. In lieu of direct informati on the Bureau of Census will be called upon to furnish the ages of individuals as shown
by cenaus'records. During the first year of operation under the Social Security Aot (effective
f rom Jul y l, 1935), it is estimated that the Bureau will receive from 350,000 to 600,000
su ch requests, and probably 100,000 per year thereafter. The constant physical handli ng of
the Census records would result in great wear, presenting an immediate need for tr9.11scribing
the records to cards, as contemplated by the project. These cards a re to be indexed by family,
a syst em which it is estimated will effect a saving of two-thirds of future handling coat.
Thi s pro j e ct will have an estimated average daily employment of 2 1 673 persona, about one-fourth
of whom will be women.
The Census of Business Enterprise• which will begin actual scheduling soon af'ter the
cloae oi the calendar year 1936• will p-ovide fer the first time a reasonably complete inventoey ot the essential and comparable items of information concerning all lines o£ business in
the United Stat••• am will extend in important directionii the intorma.tion already existing
with respect to aome of these it••• An integral part ot the project will obtain new information concerning Ul&ll scale production activitie• :not included in the Census ot Vanufa.oturers.
It is estimated that the average daily emplOJmnt on. thi• projeot will exceed 20,000 persona.
Operated in conjunction 1d. th tbe Cenat a ot Buaineaa Ent-erprise. t.ne Survey of Retail
Trade 1a ot particular interest because ot the ocmpleteneaa with which it is planned to obtain
data tor thia form of commercial enterpri ■ e. By Administrative Order the Census of Business
EuterpriH in oombination w1 th the SurTey ot Retail Trade baa been exempted from the monthly
earnings acbedule. ~ t w i l l be made on• pieoe work baaia exr.ept in the case of tabula.ting work. The entire cmaua will not be completed for two J'9US• although most of the work
will be tinished by the smmer ot 1936.
While the estimatea number of man-years of employment to be provided by the Bureau••
program which atarted on Septeni>er 16 totala 12.364 persona. the number actually employed
during the week ending December 28, was a.OM. A narked riae 1a expected after scheduling
tor the Census of Business Enterprise ia begun.
Fisheries
To the Bureau of Fisheriea• which 1a primarily concerned with the protection and
cmaervation of aquatic lif•• the President allocated t].76•000 for the construction of fiah
hatcheries and neoeasary fish culture facilities. auch u artificial ponds. For the improvement of aal•on spawning streama in southeast and central Alaska, repairs to the Bureau' a
marine railway• and destruotion of predatory enemies of salmon in Bristol Bay. another allocation. of 166,996 was made.
The fish hatcherie• are located in tour Statea, J(ontam., Texas, New Mexico and
North Carolina. Preliminary work waa to be done under contract and the first pa.rt of the
In Glacier Park,)(cm.tana, the arrival or cold weather
project started in Texas on Octob.necessitated the postponement of work until spring. In N• Mexico and North Carolina. conatructian ia progressing acoordi?lg to schedule. Work on the Alaska project started on October 1 and ia now snploying about 129 persona. Total employment under this Bureau was maintained above or nea.r the estimated daily average ot 340 persons until recent declines brought
the number at work on Decanber 28 domi to 176 persona.
z.
Lighthouses
An allocation of 120,000 w.a a&de to this Bureau to construct roads am make minor
repairs on lighthouse reservations in Kicbigan. Oregon. Washington aDd Calif'ornia. The
work got under way on October 19. maployment increaaed rapidly to a peak of 81 persona on
December lt. dropping to 52 on Dec•ber 28 due to the oompletion of work in Washington.
Because or a shortage of relief labor near Point Sur, Cal.if'ornia• a temporary camp i• to
be establiebed to take care of relief labor obtained trca other localities.
Standards
At the sugestion of the Sational Resources Committee and most of the Federal agenciea dealing with various aspects ot bouaing• the Blareau of Standards in July requested
$860.000 tor the purpose of testing building mteriala, particularly in rela.tion to low coat
housing progrlUll4. On November 16 an allocation ot r,s. 000 was approved• necessitating considerable contraction of the program originally planned. In addition to actual testing. the
program will include the inspection ot buildi:nga in various parts of the cowrtry to determine the effect of time and weather upon thm..
67
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
Alaska Road Coilllllission
Allocations totalling $426,500 were nade by the President for the completion of a
road between the farming community at Matanuska Valley and the narket town at Anchorage,
Alaska, providing funds for the preparation of the road bed, gravel surfacing, and the construction of necessary bridges. To provide funds for the clearing of rights of way , grading,
c.nd surfacing an about 30 miles of oads which a.re feeders to this ma.in highway, further allocations of $245,000 were made.
Administrative Orders exempt the Commission from the regulation providing that
only persons certified for assignment to work by the u. S. Employment Service sh.all be employed upon projects, and from payment of the regular monthly earnings schedule.
Since the projects had been started under FWA funds, it was possible to begin work
immediately after the f'irst allocation, and to maintain an employnent level of approximately
80 percent of the estimated daily average from the middle of July until October 12. Thereafter adverse weather conditi ons necessitated a gradual reduction of personnel which totalled
79 relief and 47 non-relief workers on December 28.
Bitwninous Coal Commission
The Bituminous Coal Commission was created by an Act of Congress on August 30,
1935. On November 8, Presidential approval was given for an allocation of $90,000 providing
funds to supplement the regular work of the Comnission by assembling the facts necessary for
a study of the bituminous coal industry, and the industries dependent thereon, and to present a plan to provide for miners now on relief.
Geological Survey
The President has allocated $10,000 to the Geological Survey for miscellaneous improvements to the U.S. Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1 in the Elk Hills oil fields at Kern
County, California. While the administrative details are being handled by the Geological
Survey, actual supervision of the work is being underta.ken by the Navy Department. On
December 28, the workers on this project numbered 24.
National Park Service
On November 20, the President approved an allocation of $150,000 to the National
Park Service for a preliminary survey of approximately 150 miles of the Natchez Trace Parkway in Mississippi. This project will include the drawing of maps, the locating of historic
places, and the preparation of plans and specifications for the Parkway Development Project
for whi ch $1 ,350, 000 was allocated on the same date. The development project will consist
of grading work, construction of drainage facilities, and ma.rkine; and developing of historic sites along; approximately 40 miles of the Natchez Trace Parkway between Natchez and
Tupelo. The survey is to be conducted under force account, while the actual development work
will be let out by contract.
Under an inter-bureau agreement in effect for road projects under the jurisdiction
of the National Park Service, the Bureau of Public Roads will supervise the actual work on
this project. The National Park Service has therefore recently requested that the rules and
regulations in force for Public Roads projects be applied to this project also.
The remaini ng portion of the Service's $1,510,000 allocation is explained by the
pending rescission of a $10,000 t ree survey project (Sequoia National Park) which at the
end of the year had not yet been acted upon by the Comptroller General.
Office of Education
On October 14, the President approved allocations totalling $2,025,219 for five
projects for assistance to educational, professional and clerical persons to be conducted by
this Bureau. Treasury Warrants were countersigned by the Comptroller General on November 8.
Rescissions of $959,965 followed by reallocations of $919,602 of this amount reduced the total
allocations to $1,984,856. The rescissions, however, have not yet been acted upon by the
Comptroller General.
LOCATION
PUERTO
~
RICO
OF PROJECTS
RECONSTRUCTION
ADMINISTRATION
...
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KEY
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PW A .- HOUSING
0
SLUM
CLEAAANCE
■
UNITS
•
UNIT3
or
or
W1~@
RURAL
UNIT
UNIVERSITY BUILDING
RURAL
PROGRAM
E:LECT AlflCATION
RCf"OR(STATION
R[HABIUTATION
[II]
R(SETTLCMENT
~
COCOA.NUT
8
TO BACCO
~
COffEE
~
CITRUS
BUD - ROT
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
ERADICATION
PROGR.AM
69
The purpose of the Su rvey of School Problems Project for which $844,602 has been
a ll otted, is to make a s tudy of the a dministration of 127,000 local school units with a
v i ew toward reorganizing s chool di stri ct s . An allocation of $500,000 has been made for
vocational research work which contemplates a study of the relation of certain abilities,
aptit udes and interests of students and their later achievements. A nation wide survey of
the needs and opportunities for the voc~tional and educational guidance of Negroes is planned
under an allocation of $234,934 . Another allocation of $75,000 has been set aside for a
ndio educational program which involves the preparation and presentation of radio programs
to clarify the activitie s and purposes of Gove rnment relief and other activities. The fifth
project for which $330 ,320 has been allocated involves the establishment of civic education
centers to facilitate debates and open forum discussions of current problems, government,
economics, am cultural subje ct s.
Office of Indian Aff airs
To the Office of India n Affairs is de legat ed the management of all a ctivities invo l ved in relati on s with the India ns. Under t he Wor ks Progr am an allocation of $2,000,000
was approved for thi s agency . In a c cordance with the provision that a portion of the amount
available may be eA-pended f or dire ct r elief to the unemployable Indian wards on the various
reservations, $500,000 has been t ent ative l y set a side for this purpose. The remaining
$1,500,000 will be used for work pro jects involvi ng the construction and repair of houses,
barns, and outbuildings; improvement of wells and springs for domestic water supply; the
making of furniture and other ha nd icraft produ ct s ; and the clea~ance of land for gardens and
small farms. Pr e l iminary plans f or p r osecuting the di r ect relief feature of this project have
been comp leted, whi l e tentative pl an s f or the constr u ct i on work are awaiting the approval of
the Commissioner of India n Affa irs. The Comptr ol l er General has not yet countersigned the
warrant covering this proje ct .
Puert o Rico Reconstruct i on Administration
The Puerto Ric o Reconstruction Adminis t r ati on was created by Executive Order on
May 21, 1935, t o t ake the place of the Puerto Rico Emergency Rel ief Administration which had
operated from August 1933. The functions of the new AdJ?lini str at i on are "to i nitiate, formulate, admi ni s t er and supervise a program of approved pro jects for relief and wo rk relief and
f or increasing employment in Puerto Rico . "
Al locations totalling $32,152,3 80 have been appr oved by the President for six types
of projects, r ehabilitation, forestation, slum clearance, rural electrifi cation, school
building and other construction. Rescissions of $2,960 , 540 and an alloc ation of $850,000
have n ot yet been approved by the Comptroller, General.
The diversified program made up by these projects i s designed t o contribute t o the
agri cult ural, industrial and social welfare of the i sland. The rehabilitation pr ogram provides for the resettleioont of destitute agriculture workers on sub sistence f arms. Processing plants, work shops and mrketing facilities a re being deve loped and a program t o eradicate cattle ticks and the rud rot which is de stroy ing cocoanut trees is being worked out.
Workers will be taught new methods of farming, i ntende d t o help them become self-supporting.
Erosion con tro l and rebuilding the forests whi ch have been devastated by hurricanes are the
outstanding feature s of the forestation program. Forestation is important because without
trees to shade t he cof fee plants, tne produ ction of co ffee i s greatly reduced.
The elimination of the badly crowded living quarters which a re partly r es ponsible
for the high mortality rates in Puerto Rico, and their replacement with modern dwe llings, is
the object of the slum clearance projects. In connection with t his program a cement factory
is being constructed in order that this building 11J:1.terial may be obtained l ocally. Since
Puerto Rico has no local coal or oil supply, construction of f ive hydroelectric power plants
is included under the rural electrification progr am of the PRRA. The puwer produced in
these plants (which wi ll be turned over to the Insular Government on their completion) will
be used to operate industry throughout the island. The Univ~rsity of Puerto Rico will also
benefi t under the Works Program to the extent of several new buildings.
70
LOCATION
OF PROJECTS
BUREAU OF' RECLAMATION
KEY
~
IRRIGATION
■
WRVCV
ANO
ANO
POV'IE:R
PROJCCTS
INVE6TIGATIONAL PROJ ECTS
71
Employment on the Admini stration projects started in October when the forestation
program got under way. As other projects or sections of projects started operations, employment expanded rapidly until about 14,000 persons were employed on December 28. It is expected that employment will increase a.t a.n even more ra.pid rate after January 1 when the rehabilitation program expands .
Rec le.ma.ti on
The Bureau of Re clamation is charged with the construction and operatfon of irrigation developments, and the supervision of the settlement and improvement of irrigated
lands. The regular program of the Bureau is bei..~g continued and expanded under the Works
Program. Thirty projects, involving allocations amounting to $82,650,000 have been approved.
These projects may be surrn,w.rized as follows:
Number of
Projec_t~
Continuation of reclamation projects fornerly
financed by PWA funds
Expansion of existing reclamati on projects
fi ranced by Reclarr.ation funds
1'! ew reclrur.ation projects
Flood control portion of ffiA project (Col orado
River, Texas)
Economic and engineering investigatio ns of reclar.a tio n projects
Value of
Allocation
12
$45,815,000
10
4
13,085,000
18,000,000
1
5, 000,000
3
750,000
Details concerning indivicual projects may be found in the tab l e on the page following, while
their locution is i::dicated in the map on the p receding page.
Typical of projects in the first group is the All-American Canal, in California.
The olc: PUA. allotme nt of $9,000,000 is practically exhausted, and the r,ew allotment of
$13 , 000 ,000 will e :i.able the Bureau to complete this irrigati on canal, located in arid desert
land in the southeast cor ner of California. Other notable projects in this classification
i1:cl ude tr.e Grand Coulee Dam in W'ashingtou ( $20,000,000 ERA allotment ) , which had been given
~15 ,000,000 under a prior PilA allotment. Contracts for the entire project, including construction of a power plant, to t alled almost S30,000,000, and most of the $20,000, 000 of ERA
funds will go for these contrac t s; the balance is necessary for a supervisory force. The
co~ferda.r.~ on the p roject are already nearly completed.
The Centro.l Valley, California, project is the largest of the new project:.; which
ar e completely financed by Works Program funds. The total cos t of dams, r eservoirs and related str uctm·es will run up t o $15, 000 , 000 . Its purpos e is to store and conserve the flood
and waste waters of the Sacramerrto and San Joaquin Rivers and their tributaries so that the
enti re flow can be used for flood control, irrigation, improvement of navibuti on, and prote ction against injury of the delta at the junction of the tvio rivers.
Work under the Bureau of Recl8.IJ'ation is in Ee neral conducted under contract, with
materials furnished by the Procurement Division of the Ilureau . Rer;ular employees of the
Bureau perform all inspection and supervision, Instal lation of machinery is usually carried
on under force account.
Exemptioris from the 90 percent relief labor requirement r..ave been e;ranted to the
Bureau in several cases, due 100.inly to two special circumstances. Because of the remote
location of :i:mny projects, it was evident tha t a considerable number of skilled workers would
not be available from relief rolls. In addition imny project s involve the continuation of
previously existing contracts, and exemption became necessary in order to continue or renew
the contracts on the same basis.
Five major stages of operation describe the progress of any of these projects.
They are: initial survey vrork; preliminary force account work; advertisir1g specifications for
bidding and awarding of contracts; assembling of imterials, supplies and equipment on the
72
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION
STATUS OF PROJECTS
December 31, 1936
Type of Work
State
Locality
Arizona
Gila
Salt River
Canal Construction
Dam Reservoir Spillway Imp.
Calif.
All Am. Canal
Sacramento
Diversion Dam Canals, Structures
Dams, Reservoirs and Structures
Arrow Rock
Boise Payette
Dam Improvement
Can.al Construction
"
Frenchtown
Sun River
Bitter Root
Canals and Laterals
Drainage
Reclamation
1J.
Carlsbad
Dam and Reservoir
n
II
Idaho
II
ilontan.a
II
N.
II
Amount of
Allocation
I
Date Work
Started
or is Expected to
Start
2,000,000
3,600,000
11-18-35
9- 1- 35
13,000,000
15,000,000
10- 1- 35
10-22-35
600,000
1,000,000
9- 2-35
10-15-35
60,000
715,000
200,000
2- 1-36
1-15-36
1-15-36
1,000,000
10-14-35
500,000
500,000
500,000
340,000
9-19-35
10- 1-36
3- 1-36
10- 1-35
Burnt River
fie s chutes
Owyhee
Vale
Canals, Laterals &: Structures
Reclamation
Belle Fourche
Reclamation
Texas
Colorado River
Flood Control
5,000,000
10- 9-35
Utah
Moon Lake
Ogden
Provo River
Dam Reservoir
Dam Construction
240,000
500,000
1,600,000
3- 1-36
1-25-36
4- 1-36
4- 1-36
250,000
20,000,000
280,000
4,000,000
9- 1-35
8- 1-35
9-15-35
10-16-35
8,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
9- 3-35
10- 7-35
10- 1-35
250,000
250,000
135,000
11-16-35
10- 5-35
1-15-36
Oregon
II
II
II
s.
Dakota
II
II
II
Wash.
II
"
"
Wyoming
II
II
Various
n
"
II
II
II
"II
Reclamation
II
Columbia Basin
Grand Coulee
Ye.lcima
Yakima Roza
Mapping
Power Plant
Reservoir Spillways
Canals, Dams
Casper
Powell
Riverton
Reservoir Construction
Canals
Reservoir
Colo. R. Drain B.
Various
Klamatin Falls
River Survey
Water Resources Investigation
Irrigation
70,000
sso;ooo
73
site by the contractor; and active construction. It has been the Bureau's practice to have
all survey work completed before the Government construction crew moves in. For this reason
employment on t he Central Valley, Carlsbad, Salt Rive r, Boise Payette, Burnt River , and
Riverton projects. which are in the first stage, is at a minimum. Slightly more than 100
men were at work in this group on December 28 .
After corr~letion of the survey work the Government construction forces build laborator ie s, roads, houses, and power and tel ephone lines . The Colorado River, Texas, project
is in this second s tage, and employed 205 men on December 28. In the fourth and fifth
stag es of completion may be cited Grand Coulee, Washington1 Vale, Oregon; Casper-Alcova,
Wyoming. These three projects had 3,900 persons at work on December 28. Total employment
on that date was 4,353 persons, 4,186 of whom were non-relief and 167 relief workerso
St. Elizabeths Hospital
On Au gust 22, the President allocated $9,500 for improvements and repairs on St.
Elitabeths Hospital, an institution for the treatment of mental diseases, in Washington , D. C.
It is estimated that 60 percent of the total a.mount will be spent for labor. Due to the
scarcity of relief labor in the District of Columbia, the corranencement of work was delayed
until November 7. The duration of this pr oject has been extended from four to seven months
for the same reason .
Temp orary Gov ernment of the Virgi n I sl.a.nds
Presj_dential approval was recently given for three projects to operate under the
Temporary Governrrent of the Virgin IslaPns. The total allocation of $434,600 includes
$192 , 000 for road cons truction , $151 ,200 for the development of six island comnrunities.
$91,400 for the developrre nt of a Government-owned hotel and cottage group at St. Thomas.
These projects in coim!lon with those of other agencies operating in the Territories
have been exempted from the monthly earnings schedule and from the rule requ iri ng the services of the U. s. Employmmt Service. Preliminary work such as the drafting of plans and
specific a ti ons, and classification of personnel has already started wh i le the land acqu isition program was expected to get - under way about January· 1, 1936.
DE PARTMENT OF LABOR
Inmigration and Naturalization
The Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization has received a Presidential allocation
of $179 , 895 for miscellaneous repairs to four of its immigration stations located at Boston,
Massachusetts; Detroit , Michigan; Ellis Island, N. Y.; and Gloucester City, New Jersey. The
expected employment quota of 200 had almost been reached on December 28, when 166 persons
were at work . The projects, prosecuted under force account, are expected to last until the
end of June, 1936·.
United Stat es Employmen.t Service
Apart from its funct i on as employment agency for the Works Program, the u. s. Employment Service has undertaken two research projects. One, for which $350,100 was allocated
by the President, is a study to determine those skills which are common to several occupatioll:6.
The need of such inforrmtion has long been felt. The second project, amounting to $550,000,
involves an inventory of such characteristics as occupation, sex, and a ge of workers seeking
employment. This inventory is to be performed by tabulating the r e cords (estimated to r epre~ent between eight and n ine mi ll ion persons) of the various u. s. Employment Offices throughout the country . A large temporary staff is now being employed for this project to take inforrre.tion from the records, wh i le at a later date a relatively small number of persons will
be used for th e ma.chine tabulation.
The Occupational Analysis Survey was employing 285 persons by December 28, while
the Labor Inv entory project had 1,103 persons at work on the same date. The total number of
1,388 employed on both projects was 19 percent above the estimated daily average.
74
NAVY DEPARTMENT
Yards and Docks
One of the nine bureaus in the Navy Department, the Bureau of Yard.a and Docks,
has aesigned to it all activities connected with the design and construction of buildings,
utilities, ways, and other etruoturea intimately oonnected with marine aotivitiea. Ita
projeots, operated under the lforka Program, deal with general rehabilitation and improvement of yards and dooka, water front grounds, marine barre.eke, buildings, transit and
etorage projects, aa well as with a number of construction projects on buildings, quays,
dry dooka, etc. The Preeident approved allocations totalling 117,378,470 for the Bureau.
Three reacisaiona totalling $33,000 subsequently reduced the amount to $17,346,470.
The program got under way early in August and b7 December 16 operations had started on all but one of the 227 approved projects. One project with an allotment of $6,700
for work at the Norfolk (Virginia) Navy Yard baa already been completed.
Employment expanded aa projects c0111111enced operation• until on December 28 there
were 17,369 persons at 110rk on the 226 active projects. Of these, 16,168 or 93 peroent had
been taken from the relief rolls. Thia ratio of relief to non-relief workers baa been maintained throughout in the face of shortages of skilled labor on the relief rolla at Pensacol~,
Fla.J .Anna.polia and Indian Head, Md.J Mare Island, Calif.J Parris Island, S. C.J and Washington, D. c. In order to expand employment, the Bureau was obliged to provide transportation to and from the place of work in a number of instances.
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
Coast Guard
Forty-eight Coast Guard projects totalling 16,263,996 have been approved by the
Preeident. These projects fall into three main oategories, which fit in with the usual work
of the Bureaua first, repair of Coast Guard atationaJ second, repair of the Bureau's ooaatwise telephone linesJ third, the construction of Coast Guard boats. The telephone repair
projects are conducted under force account, while the two other types are generally handled
under contract.
A few projects are not yet in operation. Delay until now baa been due in part to
the technical diff:icultiea involved 1n letting boat-building contracts. On Deceaber 28 1 peraon1 at work on Coast Guard projecta numbered 609.
Internal Revenue
The Bureau of Internal Revenue baa instituted three surveys in connection with the
collection of income taxes, miscellaneous or •nuieanoe• taxes, and alcohol taxes. Thia work
is be~ conducted in greater detail than would haTII been possible under the Bureau'• regular
appropriation. For this purpose the President allocated l6,083,487G It is atated that the
amount of taxes wh~ch will be collected aa a result of these projeotr will considerably exceed their ooat. A total of 3,423 peraona were engaged in this ,ror}c on December 28.
Procurement
The Proourement DiTiaion, which inoludea the Office of the Supel'Tiaing Arohiteot,
baa been granted t6!0,784 for a project tor the decoration or public bailding•• ~ince oonaiderable difficulty was encountered in finding a euN'icient number ot qualified artilts on
relief to till the employment quota, the required proportion or worker• to be drawn from
relief rolla was reduced from 90 to 76 peroent. Employment expanded af'ter the granting or
this exemption, and 218 persona were at work on December 28. A aeoond projeot inTOlving
miscellaneous improvements, for which t12,800 waa allocated, ha• been turned over to the
Iowa State WPA for proaeoution.
75
Public Heal th
An allocation of $3 ,450, 000 bas been made to this Buroau for a survey of
public health. Three main lines of inves tiga t ion are to be followeda a study of
ohronio disease, information for which i s being obtained by a house-t o-house canvass
in select ed cit ies; a st udy of occupational mortality and morbidi ty, based on t he records of sick-benefit ass ociations ; and a study of hospita l fac ilitie s and out-patient
clinics. On December 28, a total of 4•343 persons we re at work .
Secretary:•s Office
The Office of the Secr etary of the Trea sury has received an allocation of
$1,200. 000 for a study of income tax returns, which i s t o supplement the annual report on "Statistics of Income. " Information i s being a sembled at various local Internal Revenue Office s and sent to Baltimor e, Maryland• for tabulation.
Decembe r 28 there were 941 regular workers employed in addition to 46
young persons, working one-thi rd the re gulation hours and receiving one-third the
usual pay, who were s ppl ied thro ugh the National Youth dministrati on .
On
WAR D PART1GNT
Cops of Engineers
o r Engineers (Division of
The nature o the work conducted by the Cr
i ts usual activity \lllresembles
closely
Program
ks
or
W
the
i.mder
Rivers and Harbors)
der t he War Depar'bnent. It involves flood control, develo , t of hydro-alee ~i c
vi•
other river and
,. ons truction of r-es e rvoirs , improvement of a r e
po
transportainland
~
Lu,
gation work such as dredging and broadening channel t o
y projects costing more than $25.000 are usually handled by the Corps of
tion.
ng e rs, while sil:lilar projects involving less than t hat amount and not dir ectly
re l ate t o War Depar'bnent work are being prosecuted by the WPA.
Project proposals aubnitted to the WPA are referred directly to the District
Engineers of the various Engineers Di visions .having jurisdiction over the region involved fo r analysis of engine ering soundness and feasibility. With the District Engineers
re ts the decision as to whether projects are to be prosecuted by the Corps of Engineers
di•
or by the WPA, as well as the actual supervision of the projects in operation. In
gineering
tion, ce rtain members of the Corps of Engineers have been appointed gene ral
c ns ultant to the WPA. to facilitate the speedy and efficient development of the Work
Pr ram.
Allocations totalling i l29. 686. l 69 have been made to the Corps of Eng eers
or O work pr j ects,the location of which i s indicated in the map on the foll owing
pa ge. An additional $2,000,000 , half fo administrative purposes and half for and purs e, •has also been allocated. Another mill ion dollars f or the Blues tone Res e rvoir had
e
been provided prior to the passage of the ERA Act. About $42,000.000 of the total was
made available for 34 projects involving flood control, the d evelopment of hydro-electric
power and the construction of reservoirs. while the remaining tas.000.000 covers 56 projects for dredging• channel improv ent • .uid. general improvement of inlanu 'WB. r trans•
po ,. t i on. More than 90 percent of the total amount will be used t r O ro ects of mapr ovement on the
g which the laokwat er cha.uu•l
jor importanc i n these two groups,
and reservoir
dam
River.
saouri
M
Upper
the
on
in
c
Upper issis sip i River, dike const
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Loa
at
construction
channel
and
ntana..
M
Peck•
Fort
at
cons~ructi
ing. There i s also provisi n for init1 l work on four projects for llhich t ne funds made
1e~P are the
11 portion of the total com letion coat.
available represent only a
the PasMer.ieo
of
Gulf'
the
with
Ocean
Atlantic
Trana-Florida Ship Cane. connscting the
of hydroon
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for
power
tidal
of
utilization
the
elop
de
to
project
samaquoddy
electri power• the Bluest one Re rvoir f or flood control and hydro-electrio power on
rd i a Re servoi for flood control on the Yad the
the Nn River in Wet Virginia•
zoo Rive System 1n Mississippi.
LOCATION OF PROJECTS
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
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77
Of t he 90 approved proj ects a ll b ut three have started work . The allocation
on one of these ($1.000.000) was not received until December 19• and the warrant was
signed on December 27. The proj ect at Ocean Harbor. Maryland. has already had its contract awarded, whi le the Sardis River project is awaiting the purchase of land. By the
end of December. 13 projects. for which $687.000 had been allocated• were reported as
complete. These are lis ted below.
Location
Allocation
Bellingham, Washington
Green River, Kentucky
Rock River. I l linois
Crie Haven Harbor• Maine
Honga River• Maryland
Rouge River. Michigan
Rochester Harbor, New Yor k
Shipyard River. South Carolina
Chickasaw Creek, Alabama
St. Clair River. Michi~an
Norfolk Harbor. Virginia
Columbia River (near Vancouver), Washington
Columbia River. Oregon
$
1s.ooo
2,000
2s.ooo
40.000
40.000
30.000
s1.ooo
3s.ooo
42.000
so.coo
100.000
140.000
100.000
Employment on Co r ps of Eng ineers projects has increased gradually to a total
of 37,288 persons on December 28. This figure represented about 41 percent of the estimated daily avera ~e for t he projects in operation. About 74 percent of the total persons working had been taken from the relief rolls, a ratio which has remained practically constant sinc e the corn.rr,enceroent of t he pr ogram.
Certain difficulties delayed the expansion of employment before December 1. A
shortage of labor in certain a r eas resulted in the suspension and subsequent rescission
($3,205.000) of 7 projects and the partial rescission of 13 others ($12.825,000). Loss of
time prior to the grantin~ of exemptions, the reluctance of workers to accept employment at
projects too distant from their homes, and problems arising from the transportation of these
workers and others to projects in more remote places hampered progress. Difficulties involved
in the purchase or condemnation of land also delayed the program, as well as adverse weather
which has caused the suspension of two projects for the duration of the winter.
Quartermaster Corps
The Quartermaster Corps has supervision over work projects for construction• improvements and repairs at Army forts , pos t s, National Guard Camps and National Cemeteries.
Allocaticns totalling $14.672.766 have been made for these purposes.
By December 15, all but 7 of the 227 projects approved for the Corps had started
work. Of these, two, with allocations recently received totalling $700,000 for work in
the Pan.e.na Canal Zone, were not countersigned by the Comptroller ~eneral until December 27.
Four ot~er projects amounting to $17,900 were suspended and the one remaining project is expected to start after January 1, 1936. In addition to the seven inactive projects mentioned
above, nine others have been temporarily suspended because of winter weather. but will start
again as soon as work is possible. With three exceptions all the projects of the Quartermaster Corps are being prosecuted entirely on a force account basis. The other three are only
partly contract work. Work has begun or bids have already been advertised on all the contra ct jobs.
Employment under the Corps expanded rapidly until the first week in October. More
recently, the pace of expansion has been slackened considerably due largely to the lack of
qualified labor on the relief rolls. On December 28, employment totalled 16.982 persons of
whom 15.810 or 93 percent had been taken from the relief rolls. This total constituted about
76 percent of the estimated average daily employment on the projects vihich had been started.
The required ratio of 9e percent relief and 10 percent non-relief workers has been ma intained
by the Corps since the inception of its program. despite the difficulties resulting from a
sh~rtage of relief labor in many instances.
78
ALLEY DWELLING AUTHORITY
This Authority was created by Aot of Congress in June. 1934 with its purpose the
elimination of alley slums in the District of Columbia. To accomplish this end. $200,000
was allocated to the Authority by the President on November 16.
The COl!DDissioners of the District of Columbia and the National Capital Park and
Planning Commission have been authorized by the Act to pass on all plans and specifications
as_wel~ as to d?cide on methods of condemnation of land when necessary. At present, land acquisition is being completed preparatory to drawing up plans and specifications. Some of the
properties to be included are already under contract for purchase. It is expected that work
on each site will be carried on separately, in order that contracts may be let irrespective
of the progress of land acquisition on other sites.
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
An allocation of $211,500 was made by the President on September 19 to the Library
of Congress to be used in the construction of talking book machines for the blind. The project is located in New York City.
No labor shortage is anticipated because an experienced director has been secured
from the New York Foundation for the Blind, in order that, with the supervision of a small
staff of competent worlanen. the construction of the machines can be accomplished under force
account by unskilled laborers or by white collar workers. Work started December 22. and it
is expected that by the middle of January the full staff of 189 men will be employed.
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION
The Rural Electrification Administration was established by Executive Order on
May 11, 1935, to "initiate, formulate, administer and supervise a program of approved pro•
jects with respect to the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy in
rural areas." While the Administration has taken steps to advertise to the fann population
the advantages of having electricity available, as well as to interest local bodies in the
construction of rural distributing system.a and lines, its most important activities have to
do with the loaning of funds either to private corporations and cooperative associations or
to States and local public bodies. Such loans are intended to facilitate the financing of
electric distribution lines. Loans, but no grants in aid, may be ma.de by the Administration
up to the entire cost of the project, on a 20 year basis with interest at 3 percent. Usually
a mortgage is taken a s security. Free engineerine and legal advice are provided for those negotiating loans. Applications for loans are examined to determine if the proposed construction would be self-liquidating and to see if the new consumers are likely to receive adequate
service at reasonable prices. If an allotment is to be made, certain general regulations must
be observed in prosecuting the project. The Achninistration must approve construction contracts
entered into by the borrower; not less than 25 percent of the loan must be spent for work on th,
project; wages determined by the Administration in accord with local conditions must be paid;
and hours of work must not exceed 8 per day or 40 per week.
Presidential rescissions of $2,543,005 and approvals of $33 1 500, not yet countersigned by the Comptroller General, bring the total allocations from the fund provided by the
Thlergency Relief Appropriation of 1935 to $8,577 1 012, to provide 6327 miles of distribution
line. In the total is included $1,6001 000 to finance wiring of homes. Eighteen loan contracts
aggregating $3,052,562 in value and providing for 2,732 miles of line have been executed. It
is estimated that the 18 loan contracts will bring electricity to approximately 10,500 rural fa•
milies.
Construction work has been started on three projects, providing $298 1 158 for 234.5
miles of line. In Dallas County, Iowa a line of 2.6 miles was completed on December 18, while
Tennessee Valley Authority crews have completed and energized 30 miles of line in Rhea County,
Tennessee. Thlployment on December 28 on work projects under this Administration totalled 31
persons.
79
VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION
The President between July 12 and August 30 approved 16 foroe aooount projects for
the Veterans' Administration. These projeots. for whioh $1,234,120 was allooated, involve
the construotion and repair of veterans' hospitals in 14 States. The labor required is mainly skilled oonstruotion labor, although a considerable proportion of unskilled building labor
is needed.
The Veterans' Administration has been able to stay well within the requirement that
at least 90 percent of all workers oome from the relief rolls. Because of cold weather in several States, employment has fluctuated between 1,400 and 1,600 during the past month. On
December 28 there were 1,411 workers on the payroll. Of these, 1,335 were relief persons.
BUILDING CONCRETE ROADS THR OUGH AN
~
POST
APPENDICES
A -
STATUTORY AND TECHNICAL
ASPECTS OF THE WORKS PROGRAM
B - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS UNDER THE
WORKS PROGRAM
C - STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT
80
APPENDIX A
STATUTORY AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROGRAM
THE EMERGENCY RELIEF APPROPRIATION ACT OF 1935
Appropriation
The President on April 8, 1935 approved the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of
1935 (Public Resolution Number 11 - 74th Congress - H. J. Res. 117 - Ma.king Appropriations
for Relief Purposes). The Act appropriated $4,000,000,000 and authorized the transfer of
$880,000,000 from other funds, in order to provide relief, work relief, and to increase employment by providing for useful projects. The Act further provided that this fund was to
be u 9ed 11 in the discretion and under the direction of the President, to be innnediately available and to remain available until June 30, 1937 - - - 11 • It was t he purpose of the legislation to furnish employment on useful projects and thus to effect a substantial reducti on in
the emergency relief rolls.
Project Limitation
The Act specified general categories of projects, and in addition, placed limits
on the expenditure of funds for each group. It provided that "this appropriation shall be
available for the following classes of projects, and the amounts to be used for each class
shall not, except as hereinafter provided, exceed the respective amounts stated, I18JT1ely:
(a) highways, roads, streets, and grade crossing elimination, $800 ,000,000; (b) rural rehabilitation and relief of stricken agricultural areas, and water conservation, trans-mountain
water diversion and irrigation and reclamation, $500,000,000 ; (c) rural electrificat ion,
$100,000,000; (d) housing, $450,000,000; (e)assistance for educational, professional, a nd
clerical persons, $300,000,000; (f) Civilian Conservation Corps. $600,000,000; (g) loans or
grants, or both, for projects of States, Territories, Possessions, including subdivisions and
agencies, thereof, municipalities, and the District of Columbia, and self-liquidating proj ects
of public bodies thereof, -where in the determination of the President, not less than twentyfive per centum of the lo,pi or the grant, or the aggregate thereof, is to be expended for
work under each particular project, $900,000,000; (h) Sanitation, prevention of soil erosi on,
prevention of stream pollution, sea coast erosion, reforestation, forestation, flood control,
rivers and harbors and miscellaneous projects, $350,000,000; Provided further that not to
exceed 20 per centum of the a.mount here.i n appropriated may be used by the President to i ncrease any one or more of the foregoing limitations if he finds it necessary to do so in
order to effectuate the purpose of this joint resolution---"•
Wage Policy
In Section 7 of the resolution the general wage policy was set forth as follows :
"The President shall require to be paid such rates of pay for all persons engaged upon any
project financed in -whole or in pa.rt, through loans or otherwise, by funds appropriated by
this joint resolution, as will in the discretion of the President accomplish the purposes of
this joint resolution, and not affect adversely or otherwise tend to decrease the going r a t es
of wages paid for work of a similar nature.
"The President nay fix different rates of wages for various types of work on any
project, which rates need not be uniform throughout the United States; Provided, however,
that whenever permanent buildings for the use of any department of the Government of the
United States, or the District of Columbia, are to be constructed by funds appropriated by
this joint resolution, the provisions of the Act of March 3, 1931 (u.s.c., Supp. VII, title
40, sec. 276a), shall apply but the rates of wages Pha.11 be determined in advance of any
bidding thereon".
Miscellaneous Provisions
The resolution permitted the use of funds, in the discretion of the President, " for
the purpose of making loans to finanoe, in whole or in part, the purchase of farm lands and
81
necessary equipment by farmers, farm tenants, oroppers, or farm laborers"• The President
was also authorized "to a.cquir4l, by purohase or by the power of eminent dome.in, any real
property or any interest therein", and to dispose of such property in his diaoretion. The
resolution further authorized the President to sell any securities acquired under Title II
of the National Industrial Recovery Aot or under the present joint resolution and f'unds
realized from such sales "shall be available to the President, in addition to the sums heretofore appropriated under this joint resolution, for the making of further loans under said
4ot ( the National Industrial Recovery Aot) or tmder this joint resolution"•
Extension of PNA and FERA
other
of Publio Works
or such earlier
Aot of 1933, as
provisions of the resolution extended the Federal Emergenoy Administration
until June 30 1 1937, and in Section 10, specified that "Until June 30,1936,
dste as the President by proclamation may fix, the Federal Emergency Relief
amended, is continued in full force and effeot8 •
EXECUTIVE C!RD ERS
The Preside:at was authorized by Section 6 of the Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935 "to prescribe suoh rules and regulations as nay be necessary to carry out" the
joint resolution.
Thirty-six Executive Orders had been issued by the President up to November 15,
1935 whioh direotly and indirectly affected the operation of the Act. Many of these Orders
were of minor importanoe and others amended in some manner prior Executive Orders.
The Orders roughly group them.selves into three divisions: (a) those oreati.ng new
organizations or accomplishing the transfer of certain f'unotions previously performed by
other independent agElloies to agencies operating under this programJ (b) those pertaining
to the general polioy in regard to condition.a of employment and project procedure under the
program, (o) those concerned with the operation of other agencies of the Government that
are ~rtioipating.
·
Group (a)
Executive Orders Relating to Administrative Organizationa
The administrative organization designed to carry out the purposes of the Emergenoy Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 was established by Executive Order No. 7034, issued May 6 ,
1935. This Order created three .imjor Governmental agencies: namely, the Division of Applications end Information of the National Emergency CounoilJ the Advisory Committee on Allotments, and the Works Progress Administration.
Division of Applioations and Infonnationa
The f'unotions of the Division of Applications and Information, as set forth in
the Order were to receive "applioations for projeots, oa.use the applioations to be examined
and reviewed - - - am t ransmit suoh applications to the Adviaory committee on Allotments -".
In addition, the Division "shall 1.'urnish information to the public on allotments made and Dn
the progress of all projeots as they are initiated and o arried forward. 8 •
Advisory Committee on Allotments 1
To the Advisory Committee on Allotments was assigned the .function of making "reoommende.tions to the President with respect to allotments of funds for such projeots covered by the applications submitted by the Division of Applications and Informa.tion as will
oonstitute a coordinated and balanced pl"ogram of work - - -" •
1Jorka Progress Administration:
The Works Progress Administration, established by the Order, has aa its function
the respcnaibility for the "honest, eff'ioient, speedy, and ooordinated execution of the work
relief p-ogram as a whole, end for the exeoution of that program in suoh manner as to move
trom the relief rolls to work on suoh p-ojeots or in private anployment the naximum number
of peraons in the shortest time possible"•
To aohiev• the purpose of providing the maximum of work. for persons now on relief
roll,, the Works Progreu Administration was authorized to establish and operate "a diviaion
82
of progress investigation - - - so as to ins ure the honest execution of the work relief program;" to require periodic reports on the progre ss of projects and employment, and to recommend the termination of projects which do not afford the desired amount of employment. With
the approval of the President, the Works Progress Administration was authorized to prescribe
rules and regulations to assure the maximum of employment under the new works program for
persons on relief and to govern the selection of these persons for employment. Furthermore.
it was required that investigations of wages and working conditions be conducted and such
findings reported - - - "as will aid the President in prescribing working conditions and
rates of pay on projects."
The importa.nt function of organizing and executing an extensive works program was
given to the Works Progress Administration. In the words of the Executive Order, this agency shall "recommend and carry on small, useful projects designed to assure a maximum of employment in all localities." The coordination of statistical or other fact finding projects
under the works program, as well as the prosecution of other necessary research activities,
were among the functions granted to the Works Progress Administration.
Treasury Department,
By the same Executive Order the functions of disbursing and accounting of funds and
procurement of materials, supplies and equipment for the program were placed in the Treasury
Department.
Resettlement Administration,
Executive Order 7027 issued April 30, 1935 and Executive Order No. 7200 issued on
September 26, 1935 amending Executive Order 7027, established the Resettlement Administration and prescribed its functions and dutios. These two orders provided that the Resettlement Administration was "to administer approved projects involving rural rehabilitation• relief in stricken agricultural areas, and resettlement of destitute or low income families
from rural and urban areas, including the establishment, maintenance, and operation, in such
connection, of communities in rural and suburban areas." They further provided that it shall
"initiate and administer a program of approved projects with respect to soil erosion, stream
pollution, seacoast erosion, reforestation, forestation, flood control, and other useful projects." Authorization for making loans under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935,
"in whole or in part, for the purchase of farm lands and necessary equipment by farmer.a,
fann tenants, croppers or farm laborers" is contained in the same executive Order.
The Land Program of the Federal Emeriency Relief Administration, together with all
the real and personal property or any interest therein, all contracts, options, rights and
interes ts, books, papers, memoranda, records, balances of funds and personnel, was trans ferred to the Res ett lement Administration by the terms of Executive Order 7028 issued on
April 30, 1935. This Executive Order authorized the Administrator of the Resett lement Adminis•
tration to administer the property transferred to him and to exercise all powers and functi ons
given to the Federal Emergency Relief Administrator and the Director of the Land Program by
several previous Executive Orders. A similar transfer of the Subsistence Homesteads Program
of the Department of the Interior was authorized by Executive Order 7041, issued on May 15,
1935.
Rural Electrification Administrations
The Rural Electrification Administration was established by Executive Order
7037 dated May 11, 1935, "to initiate, formulate, administer, and supervise a program of approved projects with respect to the generation, transmission. and distribution of eleotric
energy in rural areas." The Order contained the usual instructions (and authorizations)
regarding supplies, equipment and administrative personnel but "Provided• That in so far as
practicable, the persons employed under the authority of this Executive Order shall be selected from those receiving relief." It also authorized the Administrator "to acquire by
purchase or by the power of eminent domain, any real property or any interest therein and improve, grant, sell, lease (with or without the privilege of purchasing) or otherwise dis•
pose of any such property or interest therein," and stated that "For administrative expenses - - there is hereby allocated - - from the appropriation made by the Emergency Relief
Appropriation Act of 1935 the sum of $75.ooo. Allocations will be made hereafter for au•
thorized projects."
Virgin Islandss
Executive Order 7152 dated August 21, 1935 prescribed additional functions and
duties for the Temporary Government of the Virgin Islands. These duties pertain to the
initiation, formulation, administration and supervision of a program of approved projects
for providing relief and work relief and for increasing employment within the Virgin Is•
lands. All assets and records of the Resettlement Administration acquired from the Vir-
83
gin Island s Sub s istence Homesteads Authority ete transferred to the Temporary Gove rnment
of the Virgin Island s. The Execut ive Order ~rovidad for the allocation of funds for a u•
thorized projects and f or administrative expenses.
Puerto Rico Rec onstruct ion Administration:
By Executive Order 7057, dated May 28, 1935 1 the Puerto Rico Reconstr uction Ad•
ministration wa s es tabli s hed for the purpose of initiating, formulating, administering
and supervising a program of approved projects for providing relief and work and for i ncreasing employment within Puerto Rico. To the extent necessary t o carry out ·the provi•
sions of this Executive Order the Administrator was authorized t o a cquire property by pur•
0hase or power of eminent domain. The Order also authori~ed the a l loca t ion of funds for
administrative purpose s and prosecution of authorized projects.
Nat i onal Youth Admin istration:
The National Youth Administration was established within the Wor ks Progress Admi nis t ration by Executive Order 7086 dated June 26, 1935. This Executive Order provided
for a National Advisory Committee and an Executive Committee for the National Youth Admi•
nistration composed of r e presentatives of labor, business, agrlculture , education and youth
to be a ppointed by the President. The National Youth Adm1nistration, by the terms of this
Order, i s und e r the general supervleion of the Administrator of the Works Progre ss Administra t i on and the immedi ate supervision of an Executive Director. The following functions
and dut ie s were established "to initiate and administer a program of approved project s wh ich
shal l provide relief , work re l ief and employment for persons within the ages of 16 and 25
year s who are not in re gul ar attendance at school requiring full time and who are not r egularly enga ged in remune r ative employment". The Order provided " that in so far a s practicable the persons employe d under authority of this Executive Orde r shall be selected from
those receiving r elief . " It also authorized allocations for administrati ve expenses a nd
for a ppr oved proj ects .
Prison Indus trie s Re organization Administration1
Exec ut ive Orde r 7194 dated September 26, 1935 established the Prison Industr i e s
Reorganization Adminis t ration. This Administration was instructed in th e Orde r to c onduct
surveys and inve stigations of the industrial operations of penal and correctional institutions, in cooperation with State and local agencies concerned with s uch in stitutions, and
to study the markets for the products of such activities. The Adminis t rat i on was instructed t o make r e commendations for a program of reorgani zing productive operation s in prisons,
and to recommend the a llocation of funds to the several States fo r carryi...~g out the purpose s
of the Or de r.
National Resourc e s Committee:
The Pres i dent c reated the National Resources Committee by the terms of Executive
Order 7065 dated J une 7 , 1935. This Committee whi ch will func t ion in place of the Nation•
a l Resources Boar d was es tablisheu to provide a means of obta ining informat ion ess ential to
a wise empl oyment of the emergency appropriation made by th e Emergency Relief Appropriation
Act of 1935. The President pres cribed the following functions and dut i es for this Committee 1 (a) t o col lect , prepar e and make available to the President with recormnendations such
plans, data and information as may be helpful to a planned deve l opment and use of land, wat e r P.P.d othe r national reso urces and such related subjects as may be referred t o it by the
Pres l dent; (b) to consult and cooperate with Federal, Stat e and Munic i pal Government s and
a genc ies and with any publ i c or private planning o r re s earch agencies or institutions; and
( c) to r eceive and record a l l p roposed Federal proj ects involv in~ the a cqui s i tion of lande
The expense s of the National Resources Committee are to be defrayed by appropriations made
by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935.
National Emergency Council 1
The Pre s ident rees tablished the Nationa l Eme rgency Council by Executive Order
70 73 dated June 13, 1935 by vir tue of the a uthority ves t ed in him under the said Emergency
Relief Appr opriation Act of 1935 .
Publi c Wo rks Administration:
By the t erms of Executive Order 7064 dated J une 7, 1935 the Fede ral :ane r genoy Admin ist r ation of Public Wo r ks was authorize d to cont inue to pe r f onn functions i.mder Ti tle II
of the National Industrial Recovery Act e.nd to pe r f orm f unc t ions under the Eme r gency Re l i ef
Appropriati on Act of 1935. This Executive Order a uth or ized the Federal Eme rgency Adminis t rator of Publio Works to perfo rm a ll the funot ions whi ch he was a uthorized t o pe rform prior to
Ji.me 16, 1935 under Title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act. The Administrator of
84
the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works was also authorized to "make loans or
grants or both for projects of States, Territories, Possessions, including subdivision and
agencie s thereof, municipalities and the District of Columbia and selfliquidating projects
of public bodies thereof, where , in the determination of the President, not less than 25
percenttun of the loan or t he grant, or the aggregate thereof, is to be expended for the work
under each particular projecti" and to "oarry out projects for slum clearance or low cost
housing, or both"• Executive Order 7064 authorized the sale of securities acquired under
Title II of the National Industrial Recovery Act and under the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 and stated that all monies realized from such sales shall be available for
makin~ further loans end in the performance of functions authorized. In addition, it reallocated funds made availabl e pursuant to Title II of the National Indastrial Recovery Act
for the purposes for which originally allocated, provided that upon completion of the project or work any unexpended balances of the aforesaid reallocation shall be reported by
the d epartments or agencie s concerned to the Secretary of the Treasury who would cause such
balances to be placed to the credit of the app ropriation from which said allotments were
made..
Group (b) Executive Orders Pertaining to General Policy
Wages:
As an important step toward the inauguration of the Works Program, the President
prescribed by the terms of Executive Order 7046 on May 20, 1935, rules and r egulations
relating to wages, hours of work and conditions of employment. Workers on projects, except
certain types exempted under the Order, are to receive earnings on a monthly basiso Workers wi ll r eceive earnings r egularly despite temporary interruptions in work due to weather
conditions or other factors beyond their control. The monthly earnings for the most part
by the terms of the Order are designed to be substantially hiGher than relief benefits.
The schedule of monthly earninGs established was based on differentials in the degree of skill and the density of population in four regions of the country. Thus, payments
for unskilled work vary from $19 per month in counties of Wage Region IT in which the 1930
population of the largest municipality was under 5,000, to $55 per mont.~ in counties in Region I in which there are cities with a 1930 population of 100 1 000 or over. Similarly, payments for intermediate work vary from $27 to $65 per month; for skilled work, from $35 to
$85 per month; and for professional and technical, $39 to $94 per month.
Subsequent amendments modified certain provisions of Executive Order 7046. One of
these, Executive Order 7203, issued on October 1, 1935, provided that "the schedule of monthly
earr· ings applicable to any county, or, int he discretion of the Works Progress Administrator
or r epre sentatives designated by him, to any township, shall be based upon the 1930 population
of the largest municipality within such county, or township, in accordance with" the schedule
attached to the original Executive Order (No. 7046).
Another amendment to Executive Order 7046, contained in Executive Order 7117, provided that monthly earnings schedules shown in the first Executive Order be subject to the
following adjustments,
"(a) The Works Progress Administrator, or representatives designated by him, may
redefine any of the regions defined in the foregoing schedule whenever he or they find that
it is necessary to do so in order to avoid undue inequality among workers accustomed to similarity of wage rates.
"(b) Monthly earnings applicable to an urban area within a county shall, in general , apply to contiguous urban areas in adjacent cotmties in the same region.
"(c)
If the territory covered by the ooeration of any indi v idual project involves
the application of more than one schedule of monthly e!j_rnings, the schedule of monthly earnings
for any class of work on the project shall be the hi~hest applicable schedule.
"(d) In order to adjust the monthly rate of earnings to local conditions and to
avoid inequality among workers or classes of workers in the same region the Works Progress
Adminis trator, or representatives designated by him, :may adjust the rate of earninGs for
any class of work on any project by not more than ten percent above or below the monthly
earnin Gs shown in" the schedule attached to Executive Order 7046.
85
Exeoutive Orde~ 7046 provided that the rates established be applioable to the workers on all projeots finanoed in whole or in part from the Emergenoy Relief Appropriation Aot
of 1936 exoept fora (a) Emergenoy Conservation WorkJ (b) Projects under the supervision of
Federal Emergency Adminis tration of Publio WorlcsJ (o) Highway and grade crossing elimination work tmder the supervision of the Bureau of Publio Roads and State Highway Departmentss
(d) Perms.want buildings for the use of Exeoutive Departments; (e) Suoh projeots, portions ot
projects, or worla,rs on projects or activities as the WPA Administrator or his designated
a gent shall from time to time exempt; (f) Supervisory and Administrative amployeesJ (g) Work
relief projects pending the transfer of persona working on such projects to the new program.
Hours a
Part II of Executive Order 7046 allowed latitude to the Works Progress Administrator in regard to the working hours of employees on the various projects. The Administrator
was authorized to determine the hours for all persons employed on a salary basis, within a
maximum of 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week. Hours thus can be eetabliahed according
to the requirements of various types of projeots in different localities.
For persons employed on projects under the supervision of the Federal Emergenoy
Administration of Public Works, or projects under the supervision of the Bureau of Public
Roads and State Highway Departments, and on projects exaiapted by the Administrator of the
Works Progress Administration, the maximum hours of work for manual labor shall be 8 hours
per day and 130 hours per month, and the maximum hours of work for olerioe.l and other nonmanual employees shall be 8 hours pe~ day and 40 hours per week. Persons employed on remote and inaccessible projects may work the maximum of 8 hours per day and 40 hours per
week. The terms of the Bacon-Davis Act govern the hours of work on permanent buildings
for use of the Executive Departments, while for Emergenoy Conservation Work and work relief under the supervision of State and local Emergenoy Relief Administrations existing
rules and regulations in regard to hours of work remain in force.
Conditions of Employment:
Executive Order 7046 further prescribes that "no person under the age of 16 years
shall be employed." It prohibits employment of the aged and physioally handicapped where
such employment would be dangerous to their own and others• health and safety on any work
project. The Order states that preference shall be given to workers who are on relief. At
least 90 percent of all persons working on a work project are to be taken £rom public relief rolls, except on the specifio authorization of the Works Progress Administration. Only one member of a family group may be employed i.mder the lVork.s Program, except in authorized
in.stances. The Order further states that wages to be paid by the Federal Government may not
be pledged or assigned and any purported pledge or assie;nment shall be null and void.
Eligibili ty1
Executive Order 7060 dated June 5, 1935 prescribed rules and regulations relating
to the procedure for the employment of workers under the Emergenoy Relief Appropriation Act
of 1935. This Order prescribed that all persons shall be eligible for employment who (a)
are registered with employment offices designated by the u. s. Employment Service and, (b)
were receiving relief in May, 1935 provided, however , tnat as the various oocupational classes in such group are exhausted in employment, other persons who became eligible for public
relief subsequent to May. 1935 and are certified• may be added to the list. Persons who
once become eligible for employment on projects do not have their eli~ibility affected by
employmcmt elsewhere. The Em::>loyment Service is instructed to notify the V{PA 01· all persons who are employed on projects and who have complied with the eligibility requirements
and have been placed in public or private employment. Section 7 of this Order stated that
persons assigned to work on projects be accepted or rejeoted by those having responsibility
fort.he management of projects. However, they shall not be discriminated against for any
other cause than their fitness to perform assigned tasks.
Ccmtraot Provisions1
Rules and regulations relating to the methods of prosecuting projeota are pre•
scribed by Executive Order 7083 dated J une 24• 1936 whioh stated that 11 projects or portion of projects shall be prosecuted by means of one of the following methods: (a) force account; ( b) fixed price contract; ( c} 11.mited fixed prioe contract J and ( d) mmagement contract; delineating the detai led provisions of each method. Section 7 of the same Order stated
that every employer of labor on the project shall ha.ve a right, subject to the review of the
supervisory a gency, to dismiss any employee. Section 8 provided that estilllates of the quantities of materials• supplies and equipment, required for projects be submitted to the Director of Procurement of the Treasury. who shall indicate to the operating agenoy what part of
the material, supplies and equipment the Government will furnish. The Director also "will
issue instructions as to the manner and method -0f the requisition"• Section 9 of Exeoutive
Order 7083 provided that all contracts shall have incorporated in them provisions r.elating
to payrolls, purchases and requisitions, and also that a contractor shall subnit monthly
payroll figures and that authorized Government agents shall inspect the work aa it progresses and shall have access to the pe.yrolls, records of personnel, invoices of materials and
any and all other data .relevant to the performance of the contract. Other rules and regulations prescribed under the terms of Executive Orders and the law itself must be incorporated into the contracts.
Group (c) Executive Orders Relating to Operating Procedure
Revolving fund for Materials and Supplies1
Executive Order 7151 on August 21, 1935 established a revolving fund for the centralized purchase of materials, supplies and equipment. The Order allotted to the Secretary
of the Treasury from the appropriations made by the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of
1935 the sum of $3,000 1 000 to be set aside in a special fund for use in the purchase and
distribution of uaterials, supplies and equipment. Materials, supplies and equipment purchased through the use of the general supply fund may be requisitioned by the Procurement
Division for the purposes of the work relief supply fund and reimbursement therefor shall
be made out of that fund to the general supply fund. Each department, independent establishment, or other agency, requisitioning materials, supplies or equipment from the Procurement Division shall make reimbursement for such material, supplies and equipment.
Rules and Regulations: Resettlement Administration
Executive Order 7143 dated August 19, 1935 prescribed rules and regulations governing the imking of loans by the Resettlement Administration. The Order stated that loans may
be made either to individuals or bona fide agencies or cooperative associations approved by
the Resettlement Administrator. · Interest shall be charged on all loans at the rate fixed by
the Administration - not ~reater than 5 percent or less than 3 percent.
Rules and Regulation~1 Rural Electrification Administration
The rules and regulations relating to approved projects adl!linistered and supervised by the Rural Electrification Achninistration were prescribed in Executive Order 7130
dated August 7, 1935. This order stated that fi.mds shall be available for loans to private
corporations, associations and cooperative associations existing under and by virtue of the
laws of the several States, for the purpo3e of financing the construction of projects and
for loans for projects of States, Territories and Possessions includin~ subdivisions and
agencies thereof, municipalities and the District of Columbia and self-liquidating projects
of public bodies thereof where, in the detennination of the President, not less tnan 25 percentum of the loan is to be expended f~r work under each particular project. The Executive
Order authorized the esta.blis:rment of wage and hour rates under the direction of the Rural
Electrification Administration but in accordance with local conditions. Preference in employment of workers was to be given persons on public relief rolls and except with the specific authorization of the Rural Electrification Achninistration, at least 90 percent of all
persons working on a work project were to be taken from the public relief rolls. The Order
stated t.~at only persons certlfied for assignment to work by the u. s. Employment Service
or persons specifiaally authorized by the Rural Electrification Administration shall be employed on projects. The Administrator was given exclusive authority to approve a~d to execute with a borrowing agency a loan contract under the tenns of which tne borrowing agency
agrees to construct or cause to be constructed the project o.ccordinc; to REA specifications.
Section 7 of Executive Order 7130 modified all previous Executive Orders inconsistent wi~h
the several provisions of Executive Order 7130.
Rules and Re~ulations: National Youth Administration
Ex~cutive Order 7164 dated August 29, 1935 prescribed rules and regulations relatin ~ to Student Aid Projects and to employment of youth on other projects. The Order defin:d Student Aid Projects as projects financed in whole or part by funds appropriated by
the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 which provide financial ~ssistan?e to needy
young peoplP, in amounts which will per.nit them to continue their educo.tion at hi6h schools,
colleges or graduate schools in exchange for part-time work upon useful projects. The ~rojects are under the supervision of the National Youth Administration. The amount of aid
was prescribed in the Order. High school students are not to receive in excess of $6.00
per month for the school year, while college students are to average not more than $lb.O?
and graduate students not more than $30.00 per month during the school year . The Executive
Director of the National Youth Administration shall determine the method of selection,
character of work to be perfonned, and the conditions of employr.i.ent. Other young persons
eligible for benefits may be employed on YtPA projects.
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Rules and Regulations: Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration
In Executive Order 7180 dated September 6, 1935 were outlined the rules and re gulations to govern the making of loans by the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration.
Loans may be made to farmers, fann tenants, croppers and fann lab ore rs for the purpose of
financin g the purchase of farm lands and the necessary equipment for the production and
preservation of fann and rural community products . Interest shall be charged on all loans
at rates not greater than 5 percent and not less than 3 percent per annum. The loans shall
be for a period not exceed i ng 40 years. All loans shall be repaid in equal annual installments which may include interest in the discretion of the Administrator.
PROJECT APPROVAL PROCEDURE
In accordance with its designated function of receiving, reviewing, and trans mitting applications for alloilnents to the Advisory Conunittee on Allotments, the Division
of Application s and Information, on May 10, 1935, issued a statement of the procedure for
fili ng the applications and their routing to the Advisory Cormnittee, whlch was followed
from that time w1til the Division of Applications and Inf.orm.ation and the Advisory Committee
ceased to function in September.
Applications for Federal projects were filed with the Division of Applications
and Information only by the Federal departments or agencies which supervise the contemplated
project. Applications submitted by other Governmental agencies or by individuals were referred by the Division to the proper Federal agency having supervision over the project.
Upon receipt of an application for an allotment the Division transmitted copies to the Bureau
of the Budget and to the Works Progress Administration for review and recommendations-- or
cornments, if no reco:runendationa were made. Such recommendat ions and comments were transmitted with the allotment applications to the Advisory Conunittee for recommendation to the
President.
It was the responsibility of the \'{FA to review all proposed projects in order t.o
evaluate the extent to which they would reduce the relief problem and aid in accomplishing
the aim of the Works Program to put 3,500,000 persons from public relief rolls to work with
the funds available. Because of the limited funds, it was necessary to recommend the disapproval of many desirable projects, in some cases because of the high cost per person to
be employed and in other ~ases because sufficient labor was not available from relief rolls
to execute the project properly.
WPA projects, as well as projects of other Federal departments or agencies, were
judged primarily on the basis of ~he availability of workers from the local relief rolls
and the cost per man year of employment, the usefulness of the project and the engineering
and technical aspects of its construction. Each project application was reviewed by the
WPA on the basis of location, volume and type of employment with respect to the size and
nature of the relief load at the proposed site, to determine whether or not the work, if
undertaken, would materially and efficiently relieve the local relief rolls.
The WPA recommended the disapproval of a number of projects which were situated
at points too remote to permit daily commuting or in localities without suitable transportation facilities. Other projects which would benefit small communities by utilizing all
the available relief labor of neighboring cities and towns, thus preventing the initiation
of projects in these centers, were not considered desirable. In many instances the size
of the project was out of line wi th the relief problem at the site. Single projects which
would utilize all available relief labor for a lon~ period of time were considered unsound
since they permitted no flexibility according to changes in economic conditions. Federal
sponsors were in many cases unaware of local relief labor cond itions, especially in localities for which other Federal projects had been approved. In many cities and counties, the
employables from the relief rolls have been provided for by approved projects and disapproval had to be recommended for subsequent applicat ion s for projects to be carried on in
these same localities.
It was found that numerous applications were for projects requiring highly specialized labor, such as is less frequently found on relief rolls. It was necessary also to
examine carefully projects which called for large numbers of unskilled workers in col!Ullunities where other projects requiring more variad skills were under review, as it was deemed
desirable to place as many persons as possible at their accustomed work.
88
•
A staff of engi nee rs examine d all applications to determine whether they were
properly computed and to check the cost estimates in relation to the type of work proposed.
In questionable cases t he sponsor was consulted as to the makeup of the items appearing on
the application forms. At times, projects were withdrawn to be revised and resubmitted by
the s ponsors.
Certain projects which met the basic requirement s of the WPA and were desirable
from bo t h a s oc ial an d engine e ring standpoint, required the approval of various other Federal
a gencies because of the jurisdicti on of such Agen cies over the types of work covered by
these projects. The WPA approved such pro jects conditional upon the approval or the r espective agencies. Projects covering commun i ty sanitation, malaria control and min e sealing
are cl eared witn the United States Public Health Service; those for terrac i ng of rural rehabi litation farms are cl eared with the Re settlement Administration; those for work on airports are cleare d with the Bureau of Air Commerce; while those involving flood cont rol,
water conservation, aids to navi gation, and bank and coastal erosion are cleared with the
Army Corp s of Engin ee rs. Referral was made to the agencies mentioned, in order to avoid
duplicating work already b eing carri ed on by the;n and to s e cure additional expert opinion
as to the soundne ss of t hes e proj e cts.
A Joint Corrnnitte e composed of one representative each of the Federal Emergency
Admini s t ration of Public Works, The Nati onal Emergency Council and Works Progres s Administrati on was appointed t o determine which of the construction projects estimated to cost in
excess of $25,000 should be carried on under the Federal Emergency Administration of Public
Works and which should be carried on under the Works pro gress Administrati on. All cons tru ction ~rej e cts in ex cess of $25 ,000 were submitted dir ec tly to representatives of the PNA
for r eview, upon rec e ipt of s uch proj ects from the States. Only those projects which involved some question of jurisdiction based on t he p rinciples set forth in the P1·esident 1 s
Exec utive Order of J ul y 2, 1935 , were referred to the Joint Committee, whi le projects which
were not a gre ed upon by th e r ep resentati ves of the PWA and the WPA were referred directly
to the representative of the National Emergency Council for fi nal decision.
The WPA approved a suffi cient number of the desirabl e projects received f rom the
several States to i n s ur e .a reservoir of projects providing the flexibility ne ce ssa ry to
meet the va ri ous local relief situat ions . By having a reserve of approved proje c ts, f rom
which State Administrators can make sel ections for operation, it will be possibl e to mai ntain the ob jective of the Works Prog ram by keeping employable persons fr om the reli ef
rolls at work in accordance with changing conditions in various localiti es.
In order t hat the greate st value may be secured fro m the hundreds of "wh i t ecollar" research and statistical projects of the WPA, a central board of revie w was s e t
up, r epresenting jointly the Central Statistical Boa rd and the \YPA, to pass upon surveys
proposed by Federal, State, and local Governmental agencies and other public ood ies. Th is
board of revi ew, which operates as a central clearin(; hous e , is lmown as the Coo r dinating
Committee of the Cent ral Statistical Board and the i'{orks Pro g ress Administration.
The work of the Coordinat ing Committ ee is two-fold. I t passes upon and coordinat es statistical surveys and other research p rojects, technically appra i sinb the plans
and evaluating the statistical feasibility of those included in the new Works Pro gram, and
make s r e commendations to the Advisory Comr.iittee on Allotments. After t he projects have
been approved and are in operation , the Cor.imittee and its staff supervise the progress in
the field, giving expert guidance and technical assistance to the s oonsors of the proj e cts.
The Committee is assisted by a number of experts from the staff of the Central Statistical
Board.
OPERATING PROCEDURES RELATIN G TO EMPLOY1IB;n
Eli 6 ibili ty
In order to insuro attainment of the objective of providing employment for relief workers, provision wa s made in Part III (c) of Re gulation No. l, ( Executive Orde r
No. 7046 of May 20, 1935) that except with t he specific authorization of the Works Progress
89
Administrator, at least 90 percent of the persons at work on a project shall have been taken from the public relief rolls. In some instanoes where unusual circumstances affected
the operation of specific projects, making it impraoticable to adhere to the 90 percent
regulation, administrative modifications of the original provision have been made. General exemptions from the requirement have also been found necessary to meet some of the sit uations outlined below.
The authority to exempt workers from the relief labor requirement has been delegated to the operating agency in a few instances. In delegating this authority, however,
the provision has always been made that preference in any employment of workers shall be
given those from t he relief rolls.
A few projects which were already under way at the time the Works Program was ina ugurated, and which were transferred to this program when the funds from other sources became exhausted, have been exempted in order tti.at the persons who were already at work and
who had acquired skill and experience in their jobs, should not be discharged. In this connection it has been uniformly stipulated that new workers hired after the transfer of the
project t o this program should be taken from reli ef sources.
A third type of modification has been made to cover projects for which a substantial share of the cost has been contributed by the locality in which the project is carried
out, when all qualified workers on the local relief rolls have been absorbed.
In other instances it has been found that projects operated by certain agencies
require highly skilled workers and technicians of a specified type, who are not generally
available on relief. Such workers have been exempted up to a limited number, in some cases with a provision that they shall train relief workers.
Assigmnent of workers to projects
In order to be eligible for employment on any projects carried out under the Works
Program workers must be registered with the l!lmployment offices designated by the United States
Employment Service and must have been certified by the Emergency Re lief Administrations as having received relief during May, 1935. As the various occupational classes on these rolls are
exhausted the Emergency Relief Administrations may certify workers who have been accepted for
relie f subsequent to May, 1935.
Under the supervision of State Emergency Relief AdmL~istrations, local relief administrations supply to the WPA and to the u. s. Employment Service the names of all persons
who are eligible for employment. These identical lists are kept up to date currently and the
WPA maintains a current occupational inventory of such workers. Persons not from the public
relief rolls may be employed on work projects only up to 10 percent of the total number of
workers on a project.
Requisition for workers is made by the agency sponsoring a project. Such requisition is submitted, first to the District Works Progress Administration, which forwards it to
the u. s. Employment Service or an employment office designated by them. The Employment Service then assie;ns, to the project, workers of the required skills who are registered with
them and who have been certified as eligible.
The u. s. Employment Service performs the function of placement for all workers except those once assigned to WPA projects, and except those who are directly transferred with
their projects from the Emergency Works Program of the FERA to the WPA. The WPA undertakes
to assure continous employment by reassigning all workers from completed WPA projects to other
WPA jobs. If, when new WPA projects are i nitiated no workers are available from completed WPA
projects, workers are requisitioned from the u. s. Employment Service in the usual manner,
Wages and Hours
the schedule of monthly earnings to be paid to workers as salary was established by
Executive Order No. 7046 on May 20, 1935. This schedule was desie;ned to apply to workers on
all projects other than CCC, FWA., and Bureau of Public Roads projects, work on permanent public buildings, and administrative and supervisory work. Administrative Order No. 2, June 12,
90
1935, provided exemption also in the case of persona employed on projects being prosecuted
under contract. The sehedule was based on differentials in the rates paid to labor of various skills, on variations between coi.mties in accordance with the size of the largest mu•
nicipality of a county, and on general differentials in the wage levels in four regions of
the country.
In order to avoid inequalities which might result from the application of an in•
flexible schedule State Works Progress Administrators were authorized to adjust the rate
for any class of worker by not more than 10 percent, above or below the basic schedule,
and by an amendment, in Executive Order 7117 of July 29, 1935, the Works Progress Ad.mini•
strator was authorized to redefine any of the wage regions whenever that became necessary,
to avoid such inequalities.
On November 9, State Works Progress Administrators were authorized to exempt up
to 10 percent of the total number of persons employed on WPA projects from the monthly earn•
ings schedule, the wages for this 10 percent group to be determined by the State Administra•
tor in accordance with local wage conditions. This modification was made in order to me.ke
it possible to obtain from non-relief sources the necessary skilled key workers whom Administrators were authorized to employ tmder the provision of Executive Order 70460
As a standard for the payment of full monthly earnings the hours of 110rk on all
WPA projeets other than those involving white collar work were established at a minimum of
120 hours and a maximl.Dll of 140 hours in any two consecutive semi-monthly periods. On September 19 the minimum hours provision was revoked, allowing State Administrators further
latitude in adjusting hourly rates of pay in accord'a nce with local conditions. This authorization does not affect the total amount of monthly earnings to be paid to the workers.
In only a few instances, however, have modifications been ma.de in the established
hours of work. By December l, four States (Nevada, Montana, Wisconsin and Connecticut)
and New York City had reduced hours in all classifications. In four other States (Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Ohio) reductions had been made in the hours of skilled
workers. This reduction applied only to the building trades in Pennsylvania. In addition,
California and Alabama have made reductions in hours of work in a few selected localities.
Projects in the remaining states and the District of Columbia are at present working at
hours ranging from 120 to 140 per month. Two of these States are reported to be contemplating changes in hours.in the near future. Ten others are uncertain as to future course
of action, while twenty-seven States have definitely stated that no changes in hours are
contemplated.
Hours of work for the projects of Federal agencies were not set, except by the
Executive Order limitations of 8 hours per day and 40 per week. In most instances, however, these agencies have modified hours of work on their projects to conform to the standards established for WPA proj ects in the same States.
Coordinating and Scheduling of Projects
State WPA Administrators are responsible for coordinating the execution of all
projects under the program, in order to provide a maximum of useful employment from the
relief rolls. All operating agencies supply State Administrators with statements of the
work schedule and labor requirements of each project. With this information, and records
of projects already in operation, State Administrators determine the date upon which work
may be commenced on each project, in such a manner that in each locality labor requirements en operatin~ projects will coincide with the need for employment in that locality.
If a project can not be executed within a reasonable length of time because of a lack of
eligible labor, the State Administrator reports this fact to Washington.
91
APPENDIX B
THE WORKS PROORAM - JANUARY 1 TO FEBRUARY 29, 1936
l!mployment
Works Program. employment oontinued to expand gradually during the first nine weeks
of 1936. From a total of 3,642,000 on December 28, 1936 the number of persona at work rose
to 3,735,000 on January 26, 1936 and to 3,863,000 on February 29. The increase of 311,000
persons, or almost 9 percent between Decanber 28 and February 29. was due lare:ely to the expansion of employment on WPA Work Progrs:ma which were employing 288,000 more persons on February 29 than at the end of 1936. While the gain in the number of persona working on projects under the supervision of other Federal agencies was relatively much greater (30 percent
as oanpared with 10 percent on WPA), it was offset to a large extent by the decline of 60,000
in the total number of persons engaged in Emergency Conservation Work. The trend and distribution of Works Program employment, by major agencies, are indicated in the tabulation below.
EMPLOYMENT BY AGENCIES
(Thous8Jlds of Employees)
Grnnd
Total
Week
Ending
WP.t..
Em.erTotal
gency
Conser- Other
Agencies
v:i.tion
Work
Agriculture
(E:xcl.
Public
Roads
Na-vy
Public
Roads
oy 0'
oy fl,
o!,' y
oy 1
oy 1
573
70
487
16
7
1
August
17
31
757
910
189
248
529
594
39
68
21
35
3
8
Septerber
7
14
21
28
958
1,004
1,065
1,126
300
344
398
456
581
573
565
557
77
87
102
113
40
45
47
51
8
9
11
ll
5
12
19
26
1,177
1,315
1 , 347
1,500
506
594
661
777
548
587
526
555
123
134
160
173
54
57
59
60
12
13
14
15
2
9
16
23
30
1,720
2,014
2,426
2,736
3,284
987
1,265
1,624
1,925
2,484
558
553
559
552
544
175
196
243
259
256
60
60
61
62
62
15
16
16
16
16
32
48
90
97
87
7
14
21
28
3,382
3,469
3,516
3,542
2,582
2,675
2,717
2,751
538
527
521
5]9
262
267
278
272
62
62
61
61
17
17
17
17
4
11
18
25
3,571
3,621
2,793
3,689
2,848
2,896
3,735
2,930
512
496
492
487
266
2n
301.
318
56
58
58
58
17
l8
17
18
1
3,779
3,801
3,822
3,839
3,853
2,965
2,991
3,020
3,037
3,039
482
478
467
464
459
332
332
335
338
355
57
58
59
59
60
17
17
17
17
17
Deomiber
January
1'ebruaiy
8
15
22
29
War
fl
Leaa than 500 persona.
fl
fl
6
2
6
4
3
11
16
19
22
27
31
6
5JV
7
w
1
1
3
3
4
4
7
12 Y,
27 ] /
31y
1V
1
1
l
1
4
4
5
5
36
38
42
48
9
9
12
!f'.
2
2
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
48
49
50
53
54
14
16
18
22
27
5
6
12
15
7
11
13
17
55
56
56
54
30
32
33
65
18
21
72
73
28
34
16
21
28
32
52
54
55
54
38
40
43
49
73
68
64
63
68
'44
34
39
39
36
41
40
41
45
47
54
53
53
53
54
53
57
62
65
68
86
83
86
73
69
ij
not 1noltl4e enployment on Publio Roads ProJeota pro't'i.ous~ authorized under the Rq,ydezi~ .1goes
but financed by $100,000,000 apportioned to states out ot the Jbiergenoy Relief
artwrirf1!1o.1ot,
n Act of 1935.
pprop a
Does not imlude rural rehabilitation oase1.
All
Other
A
31
Novenber
PWA Administration
July
October
Other .Agenoies
Resettlement
7
7
8
13
35
92
Outstanding advances in the number of persons working under WPA were made by
Pennsylvania, California, Te:xas and Illinois, which together accounted for almost half the
total rise of 288,000 in WPA employment between December 28, 1935 and February 29, 1936.
In Pennsylvan.ia the number of persons working increaeed by more than 47,000 and in California by 30,000, while on the State Work Programs of Illinois and Texas employment rose
26,000 and 26,000, respectively. Washington and Tennessee each reported increases of more
than 10,000 in the number of persons working. The remainder ,of the increase was distributed fairly evanly among the other States, with only five St;ates showing slight declines
in the number of persons snuloyed under their programs.
To the increased activities of the Resettlement Aaniniatre.tion and the PWA (chiefly the Non-l:"ectoral Division) was due in large part the net rue of 83,000 during this period
i.n the employment provided on projects under the supervision of 40 other Federal agenciea
(exc lusive of WPA and CCC). Employment under the Resettlement Admin:!.s ► ration progl"8.1!1 expanded about 50,000 persons while the Non-Federal Division of PWA ~1rnished work for almost
26,000 more persons on February 29 than on December 28. In the former agency, the increase
was mainly in soil conservation and soil improvement work; in the latter, a general increase
occurred due to the starting of numerous new projects and increased activity on projects
which -.ere already under way at the turn of the year. The Bureau of the ~ensus reported an
increase in employment of about 15,000 persons, due principally to the commencement of
field work on the Census of Business Enterprise and Survey of Retail Trade project. Employment on projects of the Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration increased by approximately
16,000 persons, most of whom were engaged in the rel'orestation and prevention of soil erosion, and the rural rehabilitation progrBllls of that agency. In addition four agbncies which
had not started work by the end of 1935 - the Alley Dwelling Authority, Bureau of Standard s
(Camnerce Deparunent), Office of Education and the TEtnporary Government of the Virgin Islands (both Interior Department) - reported projects under way on February 29 with the n'Ulllber at work re.nging from a few persons in the first mentioned to 569 persons i.n the case
of the last mentioned agency. Employment in the Virgin Islands was concentrated chiefly on
projects involving the establishment, maintenance and operation of business and social centers on the Isle of St. Croix.
The rising trend of employment under most of the participating agencies was offset to sane extent by the decreases reported in the number of P"rsons working under the
Bureau of Public Roede, tpe Quartermaster Corps, and a few other agencies. Public Roe.de
projects lost more than 5,000 workers a.nd the Quartermaster Corps lost more than 1,600 workers , largely as a result of adverse weather conditions. other declines repor~ed were rela tively unimportant.
Employment on Emergency Conservation Work, which has been dropping off gradually
since early in November, continued to decline during the first weeks of 1936. On February 29
more than 459,000 persons were engaged in this work as compared with about 519,000 on December 28, 1935. Most of the decline occurred in the number of CCC enrollees which was reduced
by about 54,000 men during this period. The total employment on Februa:r, 29 included 446,000
men in CCC camps (53,000 of whom were non-enrolled personnel engaged in supervisory, professional, technical and similar capacities), about 9,500 on Indian Reservations, and 4,200 in
the four Territories.
Status of Funds
Additional allocations snd rescissions of funds during the first nine weeks of 1936
made only minor changes in the status of allocations under the Emergency Relief Anpropriation
Act of 1935. As is indicated in the accompanying summary tabulation the a.mount of funds earmarked but not formally allocated was reduced approximately $169,000,000 by allocations made
between December 31, 1935 and February 29, 1936. On the latter date over $153,000,000 remained undistributed, out nf the $4,559,500,000 ave.Hable for alloc·ation.
The increase in the amount allocated result&d from allocations totallin~ $234,429,278
and rescissions amounting to $65,073,871. The bulk of the funds allocated betweeu December 31,
1935 and February 29, 1936 went to the WPA, which received a net addition of $136,096,804.
Allocations of $184,785,198 to this Administration were partly offset by rescissions of
$48,686,394, including $1,500,000 resoinded from previous allocations to the NYA and reallo-
93
cated for administrati ve purposes. Next in size of net allocations during this period 'WB.S
the Department of the Treasury which received $12,000,000 for administrati ve purposes and
$1,000,000 for the Revolving Fund
for the Purchase of Materials. AlStatua of Allooationa
locations made to the Resettlement
Under the E.R.A.. Aot of 1935
Administrati on amounting to about
Baaed on Warrants Countersigned
$11,749,000 were largely for direct
relief in stricken rural areas and
for
prevention of soil erosion and
Azoount illooated
.A.genoy
Deosnber 31,
February 29, stream pollution, and for the purpose
of forestation, and reforestatio n
1935
1936
work. The National Park Service of
.Agriculture
the Department of Interior received
Publlo Roads
$ 500,000,000
$ 500,oco,ooo
$6,740,000 for t he acquisition and
Other
75,754,043
75,399,043
Comnerce
10,452,944
9,302,944 development of a site near St. Louis ,
Interior
Missouri. For Emergency Conservation
Puerto Rioo Ro A.
35,4e7,920
33,377,380 Work $4,000,000 was made available
r.eclamation
84,150,000
84,150,000 to carry on the program
within Indian
Other
6,432,337
14,212,372
Labor
9,334,605
10,134,605 reservations . An additional $2,600, 000
Navy
17,542,716 of administrati ve funds was allocated
17,554,625
Treasury
51,241,066
64,241,066 to the Federal Emergency Relief Admin'l'lar
146,634,754
149,078,386 istration. Allocations a.mounting to
c.c.c.
527,479,450 $2,252,7~3
523,479,450
were made to the Corpe of
Public \'forks Admin.
Housing
102,739,050
101,373,050 Engineers for carrying on its projects.
Non-Federal
343,669,712
339,379,748 The Office of Indian Affairs received
Resettlsnent Admin.
181,070,000
192,819,354 $1,985,000. Of this amount, $500,000
Rural Eleotrifioatio n
ll,536 1 517
10,425,512 will be used for direct relief among
Veterans Administration
1,269,120
1,269,120 the Indians and
the remainder for projWorks Progrese Adm.i n.
1,162,688,914
1,298,785,718
:Dnployees Compensation
2s,oco,ooo ects designed to improve the general
2s,ooo,ooo
938,530,085 welfare of Indians through the estab935,930,085
F. E. P • A.
Other Agencies
10,481,500 lishment of community centers, the con9,911,500
struction and repair of homes, and the
Total
$4,236,981,64 2
$4,406,337,04 9 clearing and
improving of· land. AlBalance - Unallocated but
locations to several other agencie s
Earmarked f or Wo rk Relief
Projects
322,518£358
153 11621 951 were slightly increa sed. Six agencies
Total available for allooahad their funds reduc ed by rescissions
tion
$ 4,559,500,000
$4,599,500,00 0 during this period. The status of
alPrevio us deductions
32015001000
32015001000
locations, on both December 31, 1935
Total Appropriation
$4,880, 000,000
$4,880,000,00 0
and February 29, 1936 is shown in the
accompanying tabulation.
APPENDIX C - STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT
Page
~
INTRODUC TIOR
TABLES
Title
Number
Table
1
Table
2
Table
3
Employment on WPA Pro jeot s , Thi.ergenoy Conservation Work and Projects
od' other Agenc i es , by Stat es, September 28 - February 29, 1936.
96-97
Employment by States and by Agencies, Excluding 11PA and CCC
December 28, 1935.
98-99
Presidential Al l oc at i ons for the Works Program, by Agencies,
February 29, 1936.
100
Presidential Al locations for the Works Program, by Agencies,
December 31 1 1936.
101
Presidential Allocations for the Works Program by Agencies Conducting Work Projects. Exc l uding WPA and ccc. February 29, 1936 .
102
Presidential -Allocations for the Works Program by Agencies Conducting Work Projects. Excluding WPA and CCC, December 31, 1935.
103
Allocations by Appropriation Limitations and by Agencies,
February 29, 1936.
104
Allocations by Appropriation Limitations and by Agencies, December 31, 1935.
106
Status of Funds According to Act Limitations. December 31, 1935.
106
Table 10
Status of Funds According to Organization Units, December 31 1 1935 .
107
Table 11
Status of Funds According to States, December 31, 1935.
108
Table 12
Status of Allotments under the Works Program of P.W.A. Non-Federal
Division, December 26, 1935.
109
Table 13
Value of WPA Projects Selected for Operation by Types and by States
110-111
December 31, 1936.
Table 14
Value of Projects Approved for WPA by types and by States, January 15, 1936.
Table
4
Table
6
Table
6
Table
7
Table
8
Table
9
112-113
94
APPENDIX C - STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT
To interpret properly the finanoial tables presented in this supplement, the fol•
lowing definitions are important.
Allocations by the President (Warrants Approved),
The amounts shown in Tables 3• 4, 6• 6, 7 and 8 represent allocations made by the
President for which Treasury warrants have been approved. Upon the receipt in the
Treasury Department of an order or letter of the President ma.king an allocation, the
Division of Bookkeeping and Warrants issues an appropriation warrant against the proper
limitations contained in the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Appropriation
warrants are issued as a basis for oharging the Emergency Relief Appropriation and setting aside the amounts of allocations in separate appropriation accollllts on the Books of
the Treasury Department. subject to requisition and expenditure in accordance with the
provisions of the allocations. These warrants are transmitted to the Comptroller General
of the United States for countersignature before the monies therein are made available
for expenditure.
Expenditure Authorizations (Allotment~1
In order to maintain administrative control over the funds allocated by the President, the administrative officer responsible for the ad.ministration of the allocation
issues to subordinate administrative officers what are known as expenditure authorizations or allotments. Allotments are usually issued to project managers for the purpose
of authorizing them to commence work through the hiring of employees and the purchase
of supplies, materials, equipment, etc., following the authorized Treasury procurement
procedure, or to incur other obligations within the limitations contained in the allotments. Obligations may not be incurred except upon authority of an allotment issued
pursuant to a Presidential allocation. Expenditure authorizations are given in Tables
9, 10 and 11.
Obligations Incurred:
Obligations consist of actual and accruing liabilities or commitments incurrou
by project :nanagers or other authorized administrative officers. Obligations, as
shown in Tables 9. lQ and 11, do not necessarily represent in all oases an immediate
legal liability, but occur when a definite step has been taken with a view to incurring
a liability on the part of the Government. For example, when a requisition fo- supplies,
materials, or equipment has been submitted to the Procurement Division of the Treasury
Department, an amount is set up as an obligation in the allotment account affected. even
though legal liability is not incurred until a purchase order is issued. In this connection, it may be noted that work performed under the Ybrks Program is generally done
through the employment of labor on force account. and in order that sufficient funds may
be reserved in the particular project account to meet payrolls, the Treasury Department
has adopted the practice of charging as an obligation at the beginning of each pay period
(usually covering two weeks) an amount to cover the payrolls when presented at the end of
the pay period. In like manner anticipated obligations covering travel expenses and
similar items are charged by the Treasury Department as obligations in advance of the
actual receipt of vouchers. This procedure is necessary for two reasons: first. to
insure that the accounts reflect as nearly as practicable the accruing liability of the
Government on account of each project, and, secondly, to insure that administrative
agencies do not incur cormnitments in excess of f\mds available for projects or limitations thereunder.
Voucher Payments (Checks Issued)z
Voucher payments represent expenditures on th~ basis of checks issued in payment
of payrolls and other vouchers certified by authorized administrative officers. Payrolls and other vouchers are carefully examined in the Treasury Accounts Office as to
legality and propriety of payment, before they are transmitted to the Treasury Disbursing Clerk for payment. The expenditures as shown in Tables 9, 10 and 11 of this Supplement are on the basis of checks issued to employees and public creditoN3. In this respect
the figures differ from expenditures as reflected in Daily Statements of the United Sta.tea
Treasury. which are on the basis of checks paid by Federal Reserve Banks and Cleared
through the Treasurer's Accounts in Washington.
~
T A $ L E
El.'P LOYt:ENT Otl WPA 0 RO JECTS, O'ERGENCY COtl SE RV AT I OM WORK
At,D PRO J ECTS or OTHER AGENCIES BY STATES
EXCLUDIN G AOMI N I S TRATIVC EMPLOYEE S
SE PT EMB ER 26 , 1935 THRO llCH FEORUARY 29 , 1936
NUP.IBCR OF' [ MPLOYCCS OUR I NG WEEK ENOI NG FEBRUARY
29
NUM BCR OF EMPLOYEES CURI NG WEEK END I NG
WPA
STATE
LINE
uo.
CONSE;RV AT I ON
WORK
OTHER
AGENC I ES AL
(4
{ 1)
( 2)
( 3)
ARKANSAS
( 4)
CAL I F"ORN IA
( 5)
COLORADO
( 6)
CONNECT I CUT
l 7)
( 8)
( 9)
(10)
DELA WAR(
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
ALA BAA.IA
ARIZONA
DISTRICT OF COLUMBI A
FLORIDA
GEORC IA
IDAHO
ILLIN O I S
I NO I A.NA
IOWA
KAt~S AS
(1)
KEN TUCKY
(17)
LOUIS I ANA
(18 )
(19)
MAII\E
(20)
MASSACHU SE TTS
(21)
(22 )
(23 )
f,1 I NNESOTA
J.q SS I SS I PP I
(24)
L1f 6SOUR I
(25)
MONTANA
,. 1 ARYLANO
Ill CH I GAN
(26)
NEBRASKA
(27)
NEVADA
(28)
(29)
NE• HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
(30)
NE• A.'EX1CO
(31)
(32)
(33)
NEW YORK C ITY
NE• YORK (Exel. N. Y.C . )
NoRTH CAROL I NA
(34)
NoRTH DAKOT A
(35)
OHIO
(36 )
(37 )
(38)
(39 1
(40)
0KLAHOM•
0RECOtJ
PENNSV LVA N I A
RHODE
ISLAND
SOUT H CARO LI r.. A
(41
(42)
(43 )
SOUTH 0 AK O T A
(44 )
(45)
U TAH
(46)
(47 )
VIRG INIA
(48)
WEST
TEXAS
VERMON T
WASH I NG TON
V I RG !t\ l A
(49)
WISCONSI N
(50)
WYOMING
(51 )
TOTAL DI S TAi EU TEO
(52 )
(53 )
ALAS ... A
HA •AI I
(54)
( 55.)
(56)
PUERTO R ICO
V IROl f-1 ISLANDS
(57)
(58)
STATES
(59)
P ANArJA CANAL
av
STATES
ZONE
25
(5
WPA
TOTAL
AGE NCI ES AL
6
CorJG(RVAT I ON
PROJECTS
WORK
(8
7
OTHER
AGENCIES
9
GRANO TOTAL
y
y
TER RI TORIES
LINE
Mo.
45 , 728
14,773
42,1 78
155 , 38
42,764
7,56P
5,115
9 , AOO
14,937
4, ~30
9,815
6,489
7,720
25,046
4,686
63,391
24,617
60,662
180,962
52,01 2
17,701
13,733
43,e67
144,652
4 2 , 186
7,912
5,221
10,430
16 , 020
4, 872
7,778
5 ,663
6 365
20,290
4,954
35,1 77
5,427
13,965
61 , 587
76,697
27 , 597
3,696
9,094
37, 265
52,822
s, '74
593
2, 7SO
8 , 768
11, 943
2, 506
1,138
2,121
15,554
11, 932
36,505
5 ,1 69
13,708
60 ,162
74, 86
28 , 774
3,172
8,985
35,914
53,804
5, 448
632
2,703
9,510
12,601
2,283
1,365
..,_020
14, 738
B, 161
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
(10)
19,585
228,736
97 , 34 1
45,172
59 , 740
13,657
199,226
86 , 087
35, 19!'
47,398
3,343
23,206
8, 063
7,173
6 , SC4
2, 58~1
6,304
3 ,1 9 1
2,801
5 ,358
19 ,1 96
2 19 ,(<48
95 , 859
44,580
55 , 974
13, 15e
188,058
83, 829
33,679
43, 863
3,468
24,310
8, 598
7,473
7 , 1e6
2,570
7,4B0
3,432
3,428
1,925
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
88 , 592
69,848
19 , 209
29 , 298
13 7 , 729
69 /192
57, 0 35
10 , 865
20,657
117,8 30
16,76(;
7, 686
3,341
4, 506
13,802
2 , 734
5,127
5 , 003
4,135
6,097
83,587
72,341
19,206
31,704
129,461
63,128
59,449
10,580
21,316
108,330
17,588
8 ,000
3,450
6,949
15,018
2,871
4, 892
5,176
3,439
6,113
(16)
121,451
79,677
56,942
116,293
26, 527
98,841
64,345
40,359
91,709
18 , 522
15,998
11,470
10,770
15,446
3,451
6,612
3,862
'5 , 813
9,138
4,554
120 ,058
80,329
51, 1e0
1 13, 0 18
25,305
95,504
64,260
35,473
85 ,977
16,296
17,C29
12 ,005
11,341
16,112
3,654
7,525
4,064
10,929
5 ,355
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
31, 928
5,894
13, 536
114, 036
25,768
23,945
3 , 067
9,974
95,991
13,393
4, TI4
1,959
11,483
5,173
3, 209
1,755
1,603
6,562
7,202
28,159
5,489
12,1e9
115,138
24,767
20,424
2,857
9,053
96,312
12,385
4,904
1,046
2,128
12,61 0
5,479
2,831
1, 586
1, 608
6 , 216
6 ,903
(26)
(27 )
(28)
(29)
(30)
259,803
154 , 215
67 , 750
19,794
209,366
242,547
133, 633
47 , 4 95
12,980
182 ,634
10 , 572
12, 555
10 ,466
5 , 590
20 , 510
6,6134
8, 027
9 , 789
1,224
6,222
256, 896
154,404
63,813
20,498
209,48 3
241,075
131,505
4 5,015
13,4 76
180,449
11 ,423
13,353
11,177
5,696
21,929
4,398
9,546
7,621
1 ,326
7,105
113,348
31, 62 1
31 8 , 753
19 ,767
54,191
90 , 593
22 , 1°0
279,4 73
15 , 874
35 , !128
14, 580
5 , 224
27, 9o4
2, 676
8 , 660
0, 175
4,217
11, 316
1, 217
9,7C3
114,646
31, 317
2?.: , f 15
19, 557
51,275
93, 051
21,987
258,379
16,099
35,431
14,94g
5,462
30,170
2, 833
9,037
6,646
3,868
11 ,266
625
6 , 807
, ~ , 59 1
677
6,9 11
26,145
1, 6 18
1,212
23,578
67,868
156,457
20 , 578
0, 1~2
16,935
51,261
111,066
1 5 ,276
5,264
5 , 024
11,0 78
25 , 86g
3,599
2,313
1,619
5,529
18,702
1 , 703
1,175
{41)
(42)
{46)
,,an
.!V
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
( 5)
( 6)
(17)
(18)
(19 )
(20)
4,374
( 31)
_!V
(32)
(33 )
(34)
(35)
(36)
(37)
{38)
(39)
(40)
9 , 674
6 , 1P6
4,644
10 ,588
24,194
3,4~~
2,276
60,735
61,433
68,094
85,1 51
8 ,71 8
40 ,407
4 5 , 020
56, 138
66,190
5,720
11, 647
7 , 223
9,627
13 ,861
1 ,504
8,68 1
8,390
2,329
5, 100
1,494
60,020
57,871
66,,31
85,663
9,162
40,452
40,060
54,161
65,425
5,852
10,343
7,965
10,163
14, 754
1,51 6
9,225
9,846
2,407
5 ,484
1,794
(50)
3,804, 208
3, 0 38 , 973
455 ,450
309 ,785
3,698,154
2,929,758
482,350
286,046
(51)
357
(53)
c;5 ,4 R3
11 0 , 602
1'5 , ~"':=I
(43)
(44)
(45)
(47)
(48)
(49)
732
3,636
1, i;77
375
2, 059
781?3,476
352
1,504
436
1 .972
502
32,676
855
2 ,076
240
502
30,600
61 5
21,486
410
2,159
229
19,327
181
(~)
(56)
10,768
10,463
10,463
(58)
354,704
3 ,734,777
318,425
(59 )
(52)
(54)
TOTA L NOT DISTRI BUTED BY
-.o
~
63 , 111
26,377
59 , 696
195,!'23
52, 080
20,91 2
72,982
169,041
20,716
(N"( SSE E
J ANUARY
t,•ERGENCY
EMCRC[NC Y
(!17)
10,768
3 , 853 ,377
3,038,973
459,700
2 , 929,758
486,594
Do , s NOT I NCLU OE RURAL R EH AB I L I T A 1' I ON C AS ES OF THE RESETTLE MENT AOIIINISTRAT I ON
INCLUD ES EMPLOYMENT IN NEW Y ORK C I T Y UNDER TH£ NON-FEDERAL DIV t St ON OF PWA
(CONTINUED ON NEXT PAOE)
WORKS PROORESS AOIIINISTRAT ION
IIARCH 10, 1936
9(1
T A B L
1 (CON TI NUEO)
Er.'PLOYf.U!T ON WPA PR OJ[C TS, EHERGENCY CONS,RVA T I ON WORK
ANO PROJE CTS OF nn,ER AGENC IES BY STA TES
ADM I N I STRAT I VE fa,PLOYEEB
(XCLUD I NG
5£PTDAO(R
NUMBER
or
26 1
1 935
THRO UGH f(BRUAAV 29,.
19 3 6
NUt}O[R
EM PLO VE ES DuR I NG WEEK END I MG Grcn, e rA as
oi:-
[MPLO V([S DUR ING WEEK ENDING
TOTAL ALL
~TATE
AGENCIES A/
( 3)
( 4)
( 5)
(
(
(
(
6)
7)
8)
9)
( 10)
ALABAMA
AR I ZONA
ARKANSAS
CA L I FORNI A
COLORADO
CONNECT I CUT
DELAWA RE
D I STR ICT Of" COLUMBII..
F"LORIOA
GEORG I A
(11 )
I OAH O
( 12)
( 13 )
ILL l flJO I S
IND l t.NA
(14)
IOWA
(15)
KANSAS
(16)
(17 )
(16)
KEN TUCKY
MA I N£
( 19)
J.IARYLANO
(20)
MASSACHUS[ l TS
LOUISIANA
(21)
~lt Ct-' I GAN
(22)
M t fllNESO TA
(23)
(24)
(25)
MI SSISS I PPI
(26)
(27)
'.28)
(29)
NEBRASKA
(30)
NEw
(31 )
(32)
NEW YORK Cl TY
NEW YORK (Exel . N.Y.C .)
(33)
NoRTl-l CAROLINA
(34)
(35)
NOR TH 0AK0 TA
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51 )
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
MISSOURI
MONTANA
tJEVAOA
New HAM PSH IR[
NEW JERSEY
MEXICO
CO NBEAVAT ION
WORK
WPA
OTH ER
AGENC I ES
A/
PROJECT S
CO~JSERVA
nor~
VJORK
LINE
OTHER
AG ENC I ES
8)
(3
2)
\11)
( 2)
,WPA
l"'RO J[C TS
tJovEMBER 30
EMERGENCY
[l1£R GENCY
A/
No,
9
62,84 7
23,375
58 , 067
159,402
so, 166
48,B21
11,672
4 1, 775
125, 707
40,365
8 ,356
5 , 569
10 , e60
17,596
5,2 19
5 , 670
6, 1 3,4
5,424
16 , 0 19
4,582
54,981
18,35 1
53 , 770
140 , 093
46, 132
41,940
6 , 885
37,300
107 , 701
37 , 220
0, 766
5,8 17
11 , 404
16,470
5 ,469
4,275
5,649
5 , 066
13,922
3,443
(
(
(
(
(
1)
2)
3)
4)
34,947
4,359
11, 281
55,338
71, 790
27 , 466
2, 996
6, ~ 15
35,428
53 ,434
5,8P8
679
2 , 77b
10,482
13,364
1, 593
684
1, 590
9,428
4 , 992
26,972
2,eso
10 , 407
54,604
72,545
21,454
1, 775
6 ,1 82
712
2 , 690
35,599
53 , 49 3
11, 009
1,336
363
2,038
7 ,996
5,026
(
(
(
(
6)
7)
8)
9)
17 , 596
?05, 09 1
92,MO
38 , 213
54 , 1e6
10 , 645
112 , e00
80 , 279
26,372
4 2 , 6eO
3 , 711
26 , 0~9
9, 165
7 , 9 12
7 , 567
3,240
6 ,152
3, 196
3, 929
4,539
14, 943
21 1, ,,35
92,C\49
31, 258
50,219
7 , 070
179,000
79 , 050
16 , 7'/5
38, 963
3 , 832
27,364
4,041
( 11)
5 , 572
3,385
4,182
3,299
( 12)
(13)
(14)
( 1 5)
83 , 0 35
63 ,30!'>
20, 6 15
27,768
136,e60
60 , 685
50,m
3,591
4, 162
6 , 904
3, 102
6 , 729
78 , 0 16
60 , 277
19 , e27
21, 506
125 ,11 2
55, 402
47,83 L
8,34~
11, 917
100, e64
19 , 699
8 1 83 1
3,638
6 ,31 2
16 , 9 72
2,91 5
3,608
(17)
7,644
(18)
18,568
11 3, 968
18 , 7'39
8 1 42 1
3 , 657
6,01e
16 ,163
3,2 77
7,276
(19)
(20)
11 6 ,409
74 , 034
46,660
11 0,390
22 , 9C'O
90 ,463
57,600
32,149
82 ,422
14,114
18 , 037
12 ,637
11,947
17 , 020
3,807
1,009
3,797
2 , 564
10 ,948
4,979
11 9 , 733
72,206
4 2 , 478
1C7 , 542
19 , 555
91, 000
55 , 205
26 , !'03
00, 000
10 , 8 36
18 , 927
13 , 255
12,455
17,868
4,003
9,806
3, 7f-6
3,220
9 ,674
4,716
(2 1)
(22)
{23)
(24)
(25)
28 , 316
s,026
10 ,937
111,371
23,669
20 ,461
2 ,385
1 , oe1
92 , 010
11, 291
s, 1C'9
1, 006
2,252
13 , 565
s ,e90
2 , 746
1, 555
1, 604
5 , 796
6 ,408
2s , 9eo
4 , 583
9 , 992
104 , 1EO
21,032
17 , 525
2 , 293
6,223
83 , 64 1
9 , 674
5 , 370
1,1 20
2 ,359
14,24 1
6 , 409
3,085
1,170
1, 41 0
6,298
4,949
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
3,591
6 , 980
4,864
1,041
5 , 087
228, 191
126,946
35,602
12,373
149 , 970
1 3 ,146
15 , 22 1
12, 6 19
6 , 295
25 , 008
3,355
8,962
5,715
1,339
4,111
(33)
( 34)
'. 35)
16 , 332
5 , 993
34,035
3,152
10 , 070
4,430
3,112
8,714
391
4, 995
( 36)
( 37)
(38)
( 39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45 )
10 , 0~'4
240,208
141, 722
38,298
5 1 479
14, 020
9 , 6 14
8 , 301
7 , 957
5)
(10)
(16)
(31 )
(32)
1e ,11 r,
11,674
OH IO
202 , 065
173,170
12, 506
14, 584
12,027
6 , IJ0 3
23,808
OK LAHOMA
108 , 277
29,165
86 , 962
20 , 067
232,37'3
1f , 348
32,530
15 , 745
s , 763
3? , 4 16
3 , 000
9 , 597
5 , 570
3 ,3 35
9,649
374
4,352
1C2,581
23 , 279
240 ,49 3
42,414
8 1, F19
14,174
197 , 744
16 , 037
27,349
136, 598
20 , 556
8 1 677
16,060
45 ,390
94 , 889
14 , 997
4,927
5,085
11, 790
27,536
3,a39
2,448
1, 608
5 ,141
14,173
1, 720
1, 302
21 , P22
63,664
11 0,571
16,893
8 1 304
14 , 000
48 , 0 10
70,512
11 ,406
4,255
5 , 378
12 ,367
28,888
2 , 557
2,444
3,287
11,171
1,470
1,492
60,472
49,741
65,332
eo, 174
8 1 334
39,948
32,205
5 1, 445
61,021
s, 180
12,657
9 ,545
10 ,838
15 ,109
1, 624
7,867
8 , 99 1
3,049
4,044
1, 530
54,703
38,245
60,361
80 1 847
7,427
35,289
20,010
45,755
61,300
4,316
13 , 266
9 ,112
11,3 74
15 , 8 31
1,702
6,148
9, 123
3,232
3, 71 6
1,409
i 46)
(4 7)
,48)
(49)
(50)
3,509,797
514,499
244,394
3,255,166
2,404,328
539,835
231,003
(51)
710
2,716
16, 651
233
352
1,535
2,309
233
358
1,181
14,342
802
2,608
11,969
2 33
352
450
1,073
9,659
(52)
(53)
12,233
13,580
27~ ,508
3,284,358
256,305
163, 286
55,1 89
0REGO r~
Pt:NNSlfLVAN I A
274,440
I 6LANO
19 , 722
46,4 79
RHOOE
SOUTH CARO LINA
22,753
62,321
SO UTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VtRGJf.. l A
WASH I NG TON
WEST VIRO l r,.IA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
TOTAL
DISTR I BUfEO BY STATES
AU.SKA
HAW AII
PCE: RTO RICO
VIRGW
I SLAN:>8
(56)
(57)
STATES ANO
(5€)
GRANO TOTAL
TOT A L NOT
Y
y
!!/
244 , f<:"?
'if
151,1 29
53 , 036
20, 007
179 , 089
1c; , seo
'if
4, 0 1 7
1,535
2,310
233
0ot6 NOT
12, 233
3,542,340
IN CLUDE RURAL REHABILITATION CASES 0.- THE
INCL UOCS (WPLOYMENT
2,750, 904
518,928
2,484,328
544,265
(54)
(55)
13,580
(56)
(57)
255,765
(58)
O JSTR,IBU TEO BY
TERRI TORIES
§/
RESETT LEME NT ADMI N I S TRATION.
IN New YO RK C ITY UNDER THE NoN-ftOERAL DIVIS ION OF° PWA .
( ~OHTINUED ON NCXT PAQC)
WORKS PROGRESS ADM IN I ST RAT I ON
IIAACH 16 1 1936
07
1 (CONC LUDE D)
T A Q L E
EMPLOY\ ,r<T ON \',PA PROJECTS , EMERGENCY co riSERV ATI ON WORK
A'.0 P~OJECTS or OT ER AG ENCIE BY STATES
EXCLllC I NG .a. or,, 1f'Jt6TRAT I VC EMPLOY E ES
SEPTEM BER 28 1 1935 THROU GH FEBRUARY 29, 1936
NU~1BER
fi r
EMP L OYEES
OUR I t-.1C
YtE E K (NC\ I l\:C
0C T~OCR 2t
NUMBER OF (HPLOYEES OUR I MC ~EEK (NO I NO SEPTEMBEl-l 28
[ME RC ENCY
(MERCENC V
STAT E
L I tlC
TOTAL ALL
AGENC I ES
No .
y
WPA
CONSERVAT I
or-J
ACENC I ($
\'JORK
(19)
MASS AC"1US En s
(21 )
MICH I GAN
~ I NNESOTA
(t2 )
(23 )
(24 )
(25)
MI S616S f PPl
Ml S SO URI
MON TA NA
(26)
NEBR ASKA
(27 )
NEVADA
(28)
{29)
NEW HAMPSH I RE
(30)
NEW MEX I CO
(31 )
(32 )
(33)
( 34)
(35)
NO
{36 )
OKLA HOMA
(37)
(38)
(39 )
OREG ON
PENN 6 YL VAHI A
(-40)
SOUTH CAR OL !NA
(41 l
SOU TH DAKOTA
(42 )
(43 )
T[ NNE66EE
TD<A S
(44 )
(45)
U TAH
NO JER SEY
No
YORK Cl TY
YORK ( Ex c L. N, Y, C. )
NOR TH CAROL I NA
NORT H DAKOTA
OH i 0
RHOO E I SLAND
V~MON T
(46 )
Y! RO INIA
('7 )
(48)
I ABH I HO T ON
(49)
(50)
I E6 T VI RG I NIA
WI $CONS IN
I YO~ INO
(51 l
TOTAL DI STRI BUTED 8 Y S TA TES
( 52 )
{53 )
ALASKA
{54)
HAWAII
Pll ERTO R I CO
(55)
VI AG l .N
{56 )
( S7 )
STA TES AUD TERR I TOR I ES
(58 )
GRANO TOTAL
y
I SLANOS
9, 053
36,659
6B,686
9, 664
9,392
364
7, 264
S7, 1 69
4,-72
27,232
11,220
B1 793
7,704
3,91 7
2,163
297
871
762
(11 l
{12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
1B, 3B5
9,B24
3, 139
4,560
14,652
716
1,232
4,063
1,947
3, 383
23,9!>7
10, 85!5
6, 331
5,244
19,407
5,439
919
18, 00P
9, 180
3,500
4, 315
17,359
509
756
2, 331
907
2,048
{16)
31, 587
22 , 504
14, 378
22, 038
9,334
12, 115
7,746
1,000
1,a54
17 , 914
13,122
12 , 915
18,996
4,763
1, 558
1, 635
463
1 , 788
4,57 1
(21)
7 , 503
790
1, 386
9, 467
998
590
205
793
4,182
1,639
(26)
{27)
3,974
2B,025
9,321
6,203
81 2
1,7115
14, 376
6, 684
29,925
15,273
1 5,273
14, 222
5,926
21 1 9B3
2,511
3,911
2,233
70
1,445
12, 627
460
20,370
1 , 958
2, 209
16,940
5, 985
:;2 , 773
2 , B12
10 , 744
542
2,047
5,540
222
3,395
(36)
(4 l
(42)
972
12 , 739
54, 150
0E LAtl'ARE
(20)
3,453
2,714
449
1, 263
1,459
B, 537
44, 517
64 , B96
10 , 274
13 , 424
CCNN EC TI CIJT
Lou 1 S IA NA
IIAIN[
I.V. RYLA~D
4,112
9,064
10,297
9 ,011
7 , 7B6
e10
( 6)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
(1 0)
K£ NT VCKY
819
96
709
4, 120
2,270
S, 310
689
2 ,990
11, 020
16,043
COLORA~O
{1C)
6, 521
677
2,853
12,296
16, 215
4, 192
765
4 , 705
17 , 430
18 , 19B
( 5)
f1718)l
2, 193
328
3, 939
1 5,053
19, 600
( 6)
722
7 1 7B0
3, 43 4
9, 533
1, 101
7,551
31, 469
3B,085
1c , 377
1 , 610
B1 417
36, 230
37,f75
41, ~93
K ANS AS
I 4)
( 5)
1'.', 133
21, f(:,
11, 403
6 , 016
ARK ANS AS
CAL I tOR "I A
I DAHO
, ,oe~
24,098
( •)
I LLI NO l 6
INOIANA
IOWA
( 1l
( 2)
35 ,201
7,553
JO, 752
28, 924
9, 659
46 , 231
9 , 029
36, Z/0
( 11 )
(12 )
(13)
(14 )
( 15)
1, 458
1,394
1,1 54
565
9,645
6,159
12 , 317
21,039
6, 180
1 , G7e
Z, 691
2, 0GJ
Q, 4cJ
3,153
ARI ZON A
DI S TRI CT or COL Ul,16 1 A
FLOP I OA
GEORGI A
No.
10, 001
5 , 33(12,54
20, n 1
~, 962
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
l.1"1:
y°
51
2'
ALA BAMA
YJPA
OTHER
34, =48
4,179
15C
17,201
926
( -l
2,914
( 7)
( 8)
( Ii)
(10)
29 , 722
19 , 291
1,202
10, 006
21,509
10, 621
B, 235
41, 463
30,102
16, 796
26, 217
9, 796
20, 444
16 ,1 35
2, 220
4, 044
483
1B,789
12,320
13 , 097
19,1 35
4 , 443
2, 230
1,647
679
3 , 03 8
4 1 B70
9,449
1,966
4, 200
36, 941
12, 046
2, 465
978
1, 904
16, 943
2,083
6 , 195
B31
1,102
1 5, 095
7,302
7 B9
1!>7
594
4, 903
1,861
220, 171
B, 1 40
5,224
640
48, 407
14, B81
17 , 094
13,443
5 ,867
21,491
3,256
4,682
3,249
1,993
186, 9B8
22 ,195
17,225
6, 01 3
53 ,353
22, 688
1, B73
566
2,271
9,337
1B1 395
5 1 B1B
29 , 727
2,462
11 ,235
1,644
2,435
7,1 36
256
3, 746
30, 109
8,492
5B, fB3
4,992
16,348
B,375
27 ,601
43 , 086
7,620
5,583
2,01 5
12 , 058
7,301
2,233
2 ,472
5 , 526
13 ,B52
31, 935
4, 49'1
2,423
834
1 , 691
3 , 850
B96
68B
22, 1 51
34,102
6, 101
5, 749
6, 373
1,948
6 39
2,564
5,743
14, 1B2
29, <468
4 ,472
2,559
!>70
1, 596
2,686
990
626
24,113
10,708
19, 276
35, 528
5,B09
0,305
1, 616
6 1 S30
1B, 565
3, 231
1 3,-05B
9, 745
10,966
14,B05
1,956
2, 7"'9
7 , 347
1,472
2, 15B
622
1'5 , 562
1 B,299
16,n2
22,763
3, 635
1,520
706
3,71 7
6, 452
1,5n
,,, 706
11,000
11, 636
14,273
1,797
2,336
6,593
1, 419
2,038
261
(46)
(47)
( ')
(49)
, , 453, 243
777,294
551,337
124,612
1, 104, 682
"456, 013
552, 333
96,336
(51)
2Ei3
1,360
2 , 431
232
596
587
2 , 211
499
1, B51
2,581
203
241
1,356
2,581
203
25B
495
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
44,525
10, 091
3
16,088
iS7)
172,531
1,125, 907
556, 717
113,177
(58)
238, 308
29,916
21 , 91 E
6 , 955
71, 891
42 ,727
10, 126
145 , 429
4, 989
24, 368
3,499
3, 474
§/
,oe,
B79
1,947
.. , 642
232
22
,,on
§/
448
§/
1 69,204
3,01 1
n o
17
6 , 31 3
117)
(18)
(111)
(20)
{?l)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(28)
(29)
(30)
§/
(31 l
(32)
(33)
(34)
(35)
(37)
(18)
\39)
(40)
(43)
(~)
(45)
{50)
(56)
TO TAL NO'T 0 16 TRl 9 U TE O BY
44, 52 5
1,505, 468
777, 294
5~ ,043
Dors NOT I NC L.UO E EMPL OY,.. ( N T ON PUBL I C RO ADS PRO JEC TS p;,, c v I OUS L Y AUTHOR I z ED UNDER
HA YOEN--C ARTWRI GHT AC T BU T r& NANCE O BY
456,013
TH E
$1 00, 000, 0C>O APPORTI ONE D TO S T A TES OUT or Tl-1 E
EME RGENCY RE Li EF ACT o r 19 35; AND OO ES NOT I NCLUDE RUR AL REHABI L ITATI ON CASES Of TH[
RC 8ETTLEMENT ADM I N I S TRAT I ON .
§/
I NCL UDE8
EMPLOYMEN T I N N EW YORK C I TY UND E R THE NON--fEDERAL DI V I S I ON or PWA .
WORKS PRO CRESS AOUI ~IS TRA Tl 011
MARCH 101 1936
98
T A 8. L E
2
EIIPLOYIIENT BY STAT ES AND BY AGENCIES
NOT I NCLUD I NO IPA AND CCC
E~CLUDINQ AOIIINIBTRATIVE EMPLOYEES
DECEIIIIER 28, 1935
STATE
LINE
No,
,,i
GRAND
TOTAL
(3)
5,670
6,134
3,126
5,6151
4,107
5,248
ARKAN8AE
( 4)
CALJrORNU
' 5)
COLORADO
4,582
CONNECTICUT
DISTRICT or COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
1,593
684
1,590
9,428
GEORGIA
(
(
(
(
15)
7)
8)
9)
(10)
(11)
( 12)
( 13)
( 14)
( 15)
ARIZONA
SOIL
813
404
IDAHO
3,240
ILLINOIS
IND I ANA
6,152
3,196
3,929
4,539
2,891
2,875
43
218
118
210
I 1 1544
113
IOWA
KANSAS
6,904
3,182
MASSACHUSETTS
6,729
2,592
1,652
373
2,945
7,909
6,564
2,123
2,221
3,797
2,564
10,948
6,238
4,979
2,454
NE BRA SK~
2,746
NEVADA
,,sss
2 , 388
1,54 7
1,202
NEW HAIIPSH I RE
NEW JERSEY
NE,. llEX I CO
1,604
5,796
NEW YORK CITY
NEW YORK ([xcL . N. Y. C.)
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
3,591
PUERTO RICO
VIRGIN ISLANDS
(56)
TOTAL NOT DISTRIBUTED
BY STA TE S & TERR I TOR I ES
(5 7 )
GRAN O TOTAL
lj
,Y
292
492
390
305
74
5,549
t ,075
64
150
110
607
336
495
1,067
4,736
I, 714
1,644
1,480
350
612
296
405
1,348
3,378
23~
183
212
65 1
I 12
220
1, 197
13
175
209
295
686
550
626
516
223
6,600
193
855
2,056
125
t ,302
1,534
1,035
11, 65"
1,173
I, 151
565
64
522
7,867
4,107
2,952
2,298
I , 772
245
2'1
177
301
8,991
764
1,247
252
339
275
952
1,360
599
83
222
3
( 3)
24
15
( 4)
( 5)
8
59
12
15)
7)
8)
9)
(
(
(
(
( 10)
5
(11)
( 12)
27
27
( 13)
15
13
13
( 14)
( 15)
5
( 17 )
( 18)
( 19)
( 16)
84
(23)
(24)
43
2 , 268
14
(25)
(26)
6
(27)
(28)
(29)
14
540
165
358
1,181
14 , 342
24
5
1,663
843
165
73,131
221
15
1,014
244
330
62
245
14,738
48
( 1)
( 2)
(21)
1,694
13,120
2
(22)
2,734
212
132,960
26
22
2
( 13)
77
I 1 461
244,394
30
19
( 12)
LINE
NO,
34
1,800
438
25
'II l
OTHER
IIECLAMAT ION BUREAUS
231
268
749
2,439
1,157
IC
(10)
ADM,
353
973
8
1,057
47
3,049
4,044
1,530
(9)
TOTAL
(20)
804
14 ,173
, , 720
(8)
3:,15
1,126
1,608
(55)
1,844
I 154
s, 141
HAWAII
3
277
TENNESSEE
TEX AS
ALASKA
1,098
2,371
SOUTH DAKOTA
(52)
(53)
(54)
536
772
53 I
4
I ,60v
1,120
61
5,087
(41)
TOTAL DISTR, BY STATES
I ,921
66
I
2
4,864
I ,041
(42)
(51)
256
602
, , 754
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLI NA
WYOMING
615
1,951
689
202
(4C)
(50)
2,278
2
593
198
3,529
(48)
(49)
996
962
125
y'
2,724
VIRGINIA
IVASHINGTON
lfEST VIRGIN IA
ll'ISCON61N
9415
3,517
3,161
969
6,!;60
3,335
9,649
3 /4
4,352
(47)
I, 172
234
70
CO .. MERCE
59
104
429
294
350
BUREAUS
BUREAU
or
I
970
85
78
OTHER
17
1,993
5,570
UTAH
VERMONT
615
3,043
t ,025
1,187
902
3,146
5,140
6,4Be
OKLAHOMA
PENNSYLVANIA
124
9
316
1,420
406
(7)
2,115
1, 768
2,713
3,591
4,162
MARYLAND
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
2,265
2,2315
3,243
OREGON
(46)
203 •
31
2,001
(37)
(38)
(39)
(45)
1,7155
2,400
2,290
1,090
4,992
16,019
(36)
(43)
(44)
2,131
609
479
26
16
(27)
(28)
(35)
213
123
(26)
(33)
(34)
157
244
1,884
Ul6SIS61FPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
(32)
(6)
PUERTO RICO
RECONST,
or
PUBLIC CONSERVAT ION
SERVI CE
ROADS
(Sl
(4l
7
(24)
(25)
(3 I)
SERVICE
787
KENTUCKY
(30)
9UARANTINE
918
9
342
DELAWARE
LOUISIANA
MAINE
(29)
FOREST
69
( 17)
( 18)
( 19)
(20)
(2 I)
5,424
AND PLANT
1,710
745
( 16)
(22)
(23)
TOTAL
(2l
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
ALABAMA
ij
DEPARTMENT Qr IN TER I OR
DEPARTMENT
DEPA RTMENT or AGRICULTURE
(/HOMOLOGY
9
331
(30)
59
(3 I)
35
29
31
(32)
(33-)
9
(34)
61
(35)
17
258
4
(36)
( 37)
11
11
(38 )
(3 9)
(40)
20
11
71
(41)
3
26
(42)
20 5
259
( 43)
205
9
(44)
3
(45)
12
23
3 , 641
(4 6)
( 47 )
3,641
(413)
(49)
8
20
391
302
283
30,758
59
23
92
15
'598
192
30
1, 213
83
~
317
317
3,193
4,369
4,286
129
126
(SC)
83
(5 1)
126
(52)
(53)
222
14, 339
3
(54)
14 ,339
(55)
12,233
876
212 ,see
134 ,1 44
67
876
13,1 20
14 , 824
73,353
3 1, 634
1,213
3,322
18,901
(56)
157
14 ,339
4,353
209
(57)
OOEB NOT INCLUDE RURAL REHABILITATION CASES or THE HESETTLEMENT ADMI N I STRATION
INCLUDES EMPLOYIAENT If< NEW YORK CITY UNDER THE NON-FEOERAL DIVISION or PWA
(CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE)
WORKS PR OGRESS ADMINISTRAT ION
t.lAR CH 115, 19315
99
T /I B L E
2
(CONCLUOm)
OIPLOYIIEN T BY STA Tts ~NO BY AOENCI ES
NOi I NCLUOI NO IPA ANO CCC
UCLUO I NO AOMI NIITAA Tl VE EIIPLOYEC6
0CCD18Dt 28, 1935
Oo>ARTMDIT
LINE
No .
,1)
o,LUOA
,21
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
ALAIIAAIA
36
AAl~CIIA
( 4)
CALlf'C'RNIA
COLORADO
2
42
16
10
( 5)
( 6)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
(10)
(11)
( 12 )
(13)
(1-4)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18 )
(19)
(20)
(21 )
(22 )
(2 3 )
(24)
(25 )
AAKANU8
CDHNECTI CUT
0£1.A•ARE
Ot~TRICT 17 c'OLUUBI A
tLORIOA
OEOROIA
IOAHO
ILLIIIO"
INDIA•A
IO'IA
KNIU8
KO<TUCKY
LOUIUl,.NA
10
IIICl'IQAN
IIINN£80TA
fl!IUll81PPI
10 680URI
MONTANA
11
149
49
2,098
202
426
505
44
5
46
26
32
28
TA~SURY
D!:;PAAT ■ EN I
331
74
167
20
1,143
469
501
7,386
300
56
8
79
93
201
33
102
535
5,334
917
622
693
35
10
16
131
2 60
50
332
56
(35)
OHI O
(36)
(37)
OKLAHOMA
54
~
OAEQOOI
(38 )
124
769
12
(40)
P£NNI YLVAN I A
RHOOE 11LAND
SOUTH CAROLI PIA
20
73
11
10
(41)
(42)
Soun, DAKOTA
TtNNc:&BEC
(49)
(50)
IUT VIA GI NI A
IIICON81 N
..,OIIINQ
(51 )
TOTM. Dl6 TRI IIUTED BY STATC8
(52)
(53)
ALA8KA
(54)
(55)
PUERTO RICO
VIRGIN IILAND8
(56)
TOTAL IIOT DIS TAI BU TEO
BY ST.t.TU A110 TERRI TOAi E8
,~,
( 57)
y
y
115
914
2,290
I!!Ii!I.
!sil
403
~!NO
!Hil
33
45
570
1,310
310
550
10
30
370
300
787
320
1,320
530
199
183
101
101
3~
2,325
259
48
2
107
352
7
1,342
1,040
894
602
26
263
1,715
118
11
138
736
4,229
93
1,893
15
26
32
6
20
24
262
76
1,231
3~
979
34
191
26
201
990
508
210
350
371
61
115
1. '>6C
5
46
27
14
22
41
2
1,194
1,340
1,554
17,369
199
198
n
567
991
635
2
696
616
1,342
50
UAL
Rn~TTLC-- UCCTltt,.!CATION
•DIT
fjO!:t:!f;!!g!A~
! ll l
AOM,Y
VUEIIA,_
LIQ
A!!!!1
Al!,
!!!I,
!1, l
!J~ l
(htl
370
714
56
( 1)
<15
570
1,310
526
167
9
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
109
( 5)
JOO
550
~
( •)
10
( 7)
30
370
1,376
505
145
154
233
391
1n
155
155
Z30
225
320
230
225
210
339
86
68
1,148
72
110
(10)
~
{14)
94
(15)
112
(16)
(17)
(18)
19)
(21>)
90
610
75
360
90
610
75
360
~
364
129
120
120
-42
400
400
)0
( 8)
( 9)
(11)
(12)
(13)
300
715
320
1,320
530
355
263
1,207
118
11
138
840~
280
10
826
9,534
42,041
25,998
130
840Y
(21)
329
350
47
108
(22)
(23)
(24 )
(25)
81
(26)
300
260
330
150
)0
120
26
86
1,566
5
46
340
200
300
100
160
180
200
17,369
9,534
54,270
37,288
101
( 31 )
(32)
(33)
B
(34)
(35 )
82
80
40
565
295
19
300
(39)
(40)
15,0e6
31
43
211
151
100
1,170
120
BO
350
10
5
3,458
1,170
120
BO
350
10
1,106
13,960
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
591
366
495
861
(47)
(48 )
233
41
16,861
(49)
(50)
31
1,411
(51)
(52)
'-0
20
20
(36)
(37)
(38)
567
8
374
30
20
11 ,2110
(29)
(30)
170
212
~6
280
10
35
16,043
(28)
18
1 ,099
32
848
295
BO
40
939
11,290
225
1,021
9
608
34
130
100
939
1,554
1 ,., !'11 ell !!II
(27)
HAWAII
ORA.ND TOTAL
!1;1l
84
5
NORTH DAKOTA
VIRQI NIA
432
136
2160
165
1,246
2,290
(34)
IMHI NQTOOI
183
84
562
255
69
(4t)
(47)
(48)
615
42
45
NEW YORK Cl TV
New YOROC ( Exel. N. Y.c.)
NORTH CAROLI °'A
(45)
12
1,009
124
109
12
( 31 )
(32)
(33 )
TUAI!
178
20
12
1,187
144
5,294
43
97
(30)
UTAH
VE1UIOHT
437
24
535
40
480
150
748
8
(44)
33
78
*
0 1'
CON!l!!Q•
300
54
476
4,798
2
1,013
6
8
2
42
(43)
253
5,794
Pull..lC IOltK8
LIBAAIIY
1,001
<169
248
1,592
204
1,224
4,798
201
1,196
IIEBAA6KA
NEVADA
'IEll HAl<P8HIR E
NE• JEA8EY
NEW IIO<ICO
( 39)
142
2-4
210
34
1,056
497
448
(29)
!Z l
llil
50
122
129
1,674
24
2
(26 )
(27)
(28 )
,~i
,~i
IOIAI,
10
4
IIAIII (
IIARYLAIIO
IIA8SACHU4ETTI
i'<AVY
Ol;PAR!•!;!!T
3
IAA D~AltT,.DIT
COIi>&
QUARTO,IIASTDtS
Of"
COAP8
EHol N§.,A!
(53)
( 5'I)
(55)
( 51,)
(57)
16,982
5
15,106
1,106
14,000
16,861
31
1,411
(58)
DOEe NOT INCLUDE RURAL REHA8ILITATION CAita Of" THE REBETTLCIIOIT ADIIINlaTAATION.
INCLUOta E'IIPLOYIIEIIT I~ NEW YORK Cl TY UNDER !Ht; 11o,,-,f'EOCRAL DIVl&ION Of" PIA.
IORKS PAOOR£SS AOIIINISTRATIOII
IIAACH 16, 1936
100
A B L E
3
PRESIDENTIAL ALLOCATIONS roR THE WORKS PRO GRAM BY AGENCIES
y
rEBRUARV 29, 1936
•1-LOCA T(O rollt
TO TAL
L INE
No .
'IIOll!K PrtOJEC TS
AGENCY
(DOLLA ns )
LI NE
No .
3
( 1)
TOTAL ALLOCATED THROUGH rEBRUARV 29, 1936
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
DEPARTIIENT or AGR ICUlTUlE
PUBLIC ROAD6
ALL OTHER BUREAU6
( 5)
ADVISORY CO!.I~ I !TEE ON ALLOTMENTS
3,106,743,317
( 1)
( 2)
491, 000,000
53,411,923
~.000,000
75,754,043
( 3)
( 4)
( 5)
25,000
200,000
( 6)
6)
ALLEY DWELLING AUTHORITY
200,000
( 7)
CIVIL SERVI CE COMM ISSION
325,000
( 8)
DEPARTMENT or COMMERCE
( 9)
EMER GENC Y CONSERVATION WORK
527,479,450
rEDERAL EMERGENC Y RELIEr AOM INI STR AT ION
93B, 530,005
(10)
(1 0 )
rEDERAL DIPL OYEES COUPENSAT ION COMMISSION
20,000,000
( 11)
(11)
(12)
GENERAL ACCOL.t<T ING Off ICE
6,000,000
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
( 16)
DEPARTMENT or I NTER ICR
PUERTO RICO RECONSTRUCTION AOMINISTRATI OH
RECLAMATION
All OT~ER B<EEA'-'l
(17)
DEPARTMENT or JUST ICE
(18)
DEPARTMENT or LABOR
10,134,605
(19)
LIBRARY or CONGRESS
211,500
(20)
NAT I ONA L EMER GENCY CDUNC IL
1,120,000
(20)
(21)
NATIONAL RE SO tJlC ES COMMITT EE
1,000,000
•(21)
(22)
NAVY DEPARTMENT -
(23)
PRISON INDUSTRIES REORGANIZATION ADMINISTRATION
(24)
(25)
(26)
PUBLIC WORKS ADMI NIS TRATION
HOU8 INO
No .... rEDERAL
101,373,050
339,379, 148
(27)
RESETTLEMENT AOMINI STRAT ION
192,819,354
(28)
REVDLVl~G r uNO roR PURCHASE or MATERIALS AllO SIJ>PLIES
(29)
RURAL ELECTRlrlCAT I ON ADMINISTRATION
10,425,512
(30)
TREASURY OEPARWENT
60,241,066
(31)
VETERAIIS' ADMINISTRATION
( 32)
WA R OE PAR TM ENT
( 7)
9,057,944
( B)
526,584,000
( 9)
32,152,380
82,650,000
6,149,233
33 1 3TT,3B0
B4, 150,000
14,212,372
(17)
900,000
1,379,995
(1B)
2 11, 500
(19)
17,318,561
( 33)
(34)
( 35)
YARDS ANO 00CK8
133,93B 1 B92
14,831,056
308,438
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
NAT IOHAl Youn• ADMINISTRATION
STATE WORK PROQRAUS
(39)
BALAI\CE L.t<ALLOCATED BUT URMARK£D roR WORK PROJECTS
( 40)
OR I GI NALL Y AVAILABLE roR ALLOCATIONS
Y
J!/
BASED ON TREASURY \VARRANT6 APPROVED
TOTAL APPROPRIATION E 0 R.A 0
DEDUCT IONS PRIOR TO PASSAGE or ACT
rEDERAL EMERGENCY REllEr ADMINl6TRATION
rARM CREDIT AOMINl6TRAT ION
ALL 0THCR6
TOT Al DEDUCTIONS
LESS CHARGES TO 0T>£R APPR0PRl~TION8
NET DEDUCT ION
(24)
(25)
(26)
38 ,000,000
(27)
(28)
1,269,120
(37)
(38)
(3ftj
101,373,050
33 9,379 ,748
4,000,000
GENERAL
9 ,775,512
(av)
15, 541,066
(30)
1,234,120
(31)
131,938 , 892
14,699,675
(32)
(33)
(34)
(35)
45,656,26B
1 1 1B9,Cl29,450
47, 156,268
1,251,629,450
(36)
(37)
(3B)
(39)
153,162,951
4,559,500,000
(22)
(23)
100,000
CORP6 or ENG I NEEJl6
QUARTERMASTER CORPS
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(40)
§/
4,BB0,000 1 000
292,000,000
60,000,000
13~,922.
__
3t6,500,000
45,000,000
320,500,000
4,559,500,000
WORKS PROGRESS AOMINISTRAT ION
IIAIIOH 161 1936
lQ].
T A BLE
4
PRESIDENTIAL ALLOCATIONS FOR THE WORKS PROGRAM BY AGENCIES
y
DECEMBER 31, 1935
LI NE
NO,
ALLOCATED foR
TOTAL
ALLOCATIONS
(DOU.ARB)
AGENCY
IORK PROJl:CT8
(00LLAR8}
3
2
4,236,981,642
2,992,872,487
( 1)
500,000,000
75,399,043
491,000,000
53,431,923
( 2)
( I)
( 4)
( 1)
TOTAL ALLOCATEO THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1935
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
PUBLIC RoAOS
ALL OTHER BuREAUS
( 5)
ADVISORY COMMIT TEE ON ALLOTME NTS
( 6)
ALLEY DWELLING AUTHORITY
200,ooc
( 7)
CIVIL SERVICE COM!'ISSION
325,000
( 8)
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
( 9)
( 5)
25,000
( 6)
200,000
( 7)
10,452,944
10,207,944
( 8)
rnERGENCY CONSERVATION IORK
523,479,450
522,584 ,ooo
( 9)
{10)
FEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEF ADMINISTRATION
935,930,085
(10)
{11)
FEDERAL EMPLOYfES COMPENSA TION COMMISSION
28,000,000
(11)
{12)
GENERAL ACCOUNTING OfF ICE
6,000,000
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
OEPARHCNT OF INTERIOR
PUERTO RICO RECONSTRUCT ION ADMINISTRAT ION
RE CLAMATION
ALL OTHER BuREAU6
(17)
OEPARTll£NT OF JUST ICE
(18)
DEPARTMENT OF LA90R
9,334,605
1,079,995
(18)
( 19)
LI MARY Of cor,r.RESS
211,500
211,500
(19)
(20 )
NATIONAL EMERGENCY COUNCIL
1,1 50,000
(20)
{21)
NAT IONAL RESOURCES CO!tV ISSI ON
1,000,000
(21)
(22)
JAVY OEPARTWENT - YAR06 ANO OOCKS
(23 )
PRISON INDUSTR IES REORG ANIZATI ON AOUINISTRATI ON
(24)
(25 )
(26)
PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION
HOUSING
NO,....EOERAL
102,739,050
343,669,712
102,739,050
343,669,712
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
RESETTLEL•E·.T AOMINISTRATIOIJ
181,070,000
38,000,000
(27)
(29)
REVOLVING FUIIC FOR PURCHASE
(29)
RURAL ELECTRIFICATICN ADMINISTRATION
11,536,517
11,086,517
{29)
(30 )
TREAS URY OEPARTMErJT
48,241,066
15,541,066
(30)
(31)
VETERANS' AOWINISTRAT ION
1,269, 120
1,234,120
(31)
(32)
( 33 )
( 34 )
(35)
WAR DEPARTMENT
131,686,169
14,804, 147
144,438
129,686,169
14,672, 766
(32)
(33)
( 34)
(35)
{36)
(37)
(38)
WORKS PROGRESS ADM IM IS TRA TION
NA TI CNAL YOUTH AOMINISTRATION
STATE WORK PROGRAMS
47,156,268
1,11 5 , 532, 646
47,156,268
1,070, 532 ,646
(39)
BAL AN CE UNALLOCATED BUT EARMARKED FOR WORK PROJECTS
{40)
ORIGINALLY AVAILABLE FOR ALLOCATION
fY'
(17)
900,000
or
(22)
17,345,470
17,554,625
{23)
100,000
MATERIALS ANO SUPPLIES
{28)
3,000,000
CORP6 OF" EriCINECRS
0UARTE ..... ASTCR CORPS
GENERAL
1/
(13)
{14)
(15)
(16)
34,262,920
82,650 ,000
5,580,421
35,487,920
84, 150,000
6,432,337
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
322,518,358
4,559,500,000
8A6EO ON TREASURY WARRANT S APPROVEO ,
TOTAL APPROPR IA TION E.R.A, 1935
OEOUCTIONS PR IOR 70 PASSAG E OF" ACT:
292, 000,000
tEOERAL [ MERGCNCY RELIEF" ADMINISTRATION
60 , 000,000
FARM CRCOIT ADMINISTRATI ON
ALL OTHERS
1s,soo,ooo
8 365,500,000
TOTAL 0EOUCT IONS
45,000,000
LES S CHARGES TO OTHER APPROPRIATIONS
NET 0£:0UCT ION
ORIGINALLY AVAILABLE F"OR PRCSIOCNTIAL ALLOCATION
fY'
(40)
8 4,8eo,ooo ,ooo
a
320,soo,ooo
$ 4,559,500,000
IOAKS PROGRESS AOIIINISTAA TI ON
IIAROH
16, 1936
102
T A B L E
5
PRES I DENT I AL ALL OCAT 10~5 FOR THE l'IORKS PRDGR AI.'
ij
BY AGENC IES CONDUCTING YIORK PROJECTS
EXCL UD I NG WPA ANO CCC
FEBRUARY 29, 1936
ALLOCATED FOR
LINE
No,
AGENCY
1)
( 1)
( 2)
(
(
(
(
(
(
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
DEPARrnENT OF AGRICULTURE
8uREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEER I NG
i!UREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY
BIOLOGICAL SURVEY
BUREA~ OF DAIRY INDUSTRY
aJREAU OF" ENTOMOLOGY ANO PLAU T QUARANT I NC
EXTENSION SERVICE
FOREST SERVICE
i!UREAU OF PLANT I NOUS TRY
i!UREAU OF PUBLIC ROAOS
SOIL CONSE RVAT ION SERVICE
IWEA THER i!UREAU
( 9)
(10)
( 11)
(12)
ALLOCA T I ON8
WORK PROJECTS
(DOLLARS)
2
(DOLLARS)
3
LINE
7 ,1 5 1
1, 682,900
541,2 e9
3 , 000
16,559 , 8 17
4,066
26,750,000
43,500
500 , ()()(), (l(l()
23 , 500,000
17,700
7,151
1,682,900
266,209
3,000
16,559 ,817
4,066
13, 627 , 500
43,500
491, 000,000
21,000 , 000
17,700
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
( 5)
( 6)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
200,000
20 0,000
( 13)
0, 731 ,940
230,996
20 , 000
75 , 000
8 , 731,940
230 , 996
20,000
75 , 00C
( 14)
(15)
(16)
( 17)
(18)
671 ,500
90 , 000
1, 948,633
10,000
2,000,000
8,250,000
33,377,380
a 4,1 so,ooo
9 , 500
434,600
671,500
90,000
1,948,633
10,000
1,485,000
32, 152,300
82,650,000
9,500
434, 600
(19)
(20 )
(2 1)
(2 2)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
9 , 400 , 100
179, 895
512,610
900,100
179 , ~95
300,000
(30)
(31)
(32)
( 33 )
211,500
21 1 ,500
(34)
17,527,716
17,318,561
(35 )
(36)
5,263,995
5,083, 047
543,584
3, 4 50,000
1,200 , 000
5 , 263,995
5,083,487
543,584
3,4 50,000
1,200 , 000
( 37)
(38)
(39)
(40 )
(41)
(42)
133,938 ,892
14, 931, 056
131, 938,892
14 ,699,675
No,
(13)
ALLE Y DWELLING AUTHO RITY
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
( 18)
OEPARHIENT OF COMMERCE
i!UREAU OF CENSUS
i!UREAU OF FIS~ERIES
8uREAU OF LIGHTHOUSES
i!UREAU OF 5TANOAROS
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23 )
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
DEPARHIENT CF INTERICR
ALASKA ROAO COMMISSION
BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISS ION
OFFICE OF EDUCATION
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
OFFICE OF INOIA~ AFFAIRS
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
PuERTO RICO RECONSTRUCT ION AO<,IINISTiATION
BuREAU OF RECLAMATION
ST, ELIZAOETHS HOSPITA L
TEMPORARY GOVERNMENT OF THE VIRGIN ISL.ANOS
(30)
( 31)
(32)
(33)
OEPARH1ENT OF LABOR
U, S, EMPLOYMENT SERVICE
IMMIGRATION ANO NATURA LIZATION
SECRETARY'S OFFICE
(34)
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
(35)
(36)
NAVY OEPARTl,IENT
YAROS ANO 0oCK8
(37)
(38)
(3 ")
(40)
(41)
(42)
TREASU RY OEPART~EN T
COAST GUARO
INTERNAL REVENUE
PROCUREMENT DIVISION
Pu9LIC HEALTH SERVICE
5ECRETARY 1 S OFFICE
(43)
(44)
(45)
WAR DEPARHIENT
(46)
(47)
(48)
PUBLIC WOR,S ADMINISTRATION
HOUSING
NoN--f"EOERAL
101,3 73 ,050
339,3 79, 748
10 1 ,373, 050
339,3 79 , 748
(415)
(47)
(48)
(49)
RESETTLEMENT ADMINISTRATION
192,819,354
38,000,000
(49)
(50)
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION
10,429,512
9,775,512
(50)
(51)
VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION
1,269, 120
1,234,120
(51)
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
QUARTERMASTER CORPS
Y
1,soo,000
(43)
BAeEo ON TREA8URY WARRAN T8 APPROVED,
IORKS PROGRESS ADM IN ISTRATION
MARCH 16, 1936
(44)
(45)
103
T A B L E
6
PRESIDENTIAL AllOCATIONS FOR THE
,o~s
PROORAII
u
BY AGOOCI A CONOVCTING IORk PROJECTS
ExcLVOI ~o IPA ANO CCC
0ECDl9CR 31 , 1035
ALLOCATIONe
(OOLI.AR&)
ALLOCATED FOR
IORk PRO JECTI
( 00LLAR8)
LINE
No 1
2
(10)
( 11 )
(12)
(13)
OEPART~ENT Of AORICUL !URE
BUREAU o,- AGRICULTURAL UIQINEERINQ
8uRCAU 0,- ANIMAL INOU8TltY
81 OLOGI CAL SURVEY
8uREAU o,- CHCIIII T~Y ANO SOI L8
8uRCAU o.- CAI 11V IHOU6TAY
BUREAU o,- EHTOMDLOCY ANO P\>NT QUARANTINE
ExTENIIICN SERVltE
fOAEaT SERVICE
BuRCAU OF PL•Ht 1.. ou6TIIY
BuACAU c,,- Pueu c ~ADS
SOIL CONSERVATION SDIVIGE
WEATHER BUREAU
(14)
AllEY 01£LLING AUTHORITY
(15)
(16)
OEPART~EN I CF COI.II.CRCC
8uRCAU o,- CIN&Va
8uRCAV o,- fl£HERI E&
BUREAU 0,- LIC.HTHOUSE6
BUREAU o,- STANOAROB
( 1)
( 2)
( 1)
7,151
1,682,900
541,289
20,000
3,000
1c,, 559,817
4,066
Z7,000,000
43,!500
500,000,000
23, !500,000
17,700
7,151
1,682,900
266,319
20,000
3,000
16,559,817
4,066
13,8Z7, 500
43,500
'191,000,000
21,000,000
17,700
( 2)
200,000
200,000
( 14)
9,881,948
230,996
20,000
75,000
9,881,948
230,996
(17)
,ooo
(18)
75,000
(19)
671,500
90,000
2,944,821
10,000
671,500
2,944,1.121
10,000
1,510,000
35,487,920
84,150,000
9,500
434,600
1,510,000
3-4, 262,920
82,650,000
9,500
43-4,600
8,900,100
179,895
900, 1CO
1 79,895
(31)
(32)
(33)
211,500
211,500
(3-4)
17,554,625
17,34 ,470
(35)
(36)
5,263,905
5,083,-487
543,584
3,450,000
1,200,000
5,263,905
5,063,487
543,584
3,450,000
1,200,000
( 45)
IAR OEPARTIAENT
CORPS o,- ENG, ,.EER8
QUARTERWAS TEA CORPS
1 31,6116, 169
14,804,147
129,686,169
14,672, 766
(46)
(47)
(48)
PUBLIC IORKS AOIIINISTRATION
Hovel HQ
NOH-FEOCRAL
102,719,050
343,669,712
102,739,050
343,669, 712
(47)
(49)
R(SETTLEll(NT AOMINISTRATIO~
181,070,000
38,000,000
(49)
(50)
RURAL ELEC TRlflCA TIOH AOMI HIS IRA 11011
11,536,517
11,086,517
( 50)
( 51 )
VE !CRANS' ADM IN IS TRA T I )N
1,269,120
1,234,120
(51)
( 3)
( 4)
( 5)
( 6)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
( 21 )
(22)
( 23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
OEPARTME~T OF INTERIOR
(31)
(32)
( 33 )
OEPARIIIENT Of LABOR
U• S, £.uPLOYMO<T SERVICE
I 1111 I iiRA Tl ON AND NAT VRALll ATl ON
(34)
LIBRARY Of CON~RESS
(35)
( 36)
NAVY OEPARTIIENT
VAROS AHO Oocu
(37)
TREASURY OEl'f.RTIIDH
COAST GUMIO
( 38 )
Au&kA Al>•O COtUIIIISIOtl
BITI/IIINOUa COAL COIIWIHION
0,-rl CE o, EDVCA Tl ON
GEOLOOICAL SURVEY
o,- INOIAN A,-,-,.111•
NATI OHAL PM!k SERVICt
PuERTO RICO RECOH&TRVCTICH A0t1INl6TRATIOH
8uRCAV o,- RECUIIATION
St, ELIZA9CTHS H08PITAL
TCLIPOAARY GOVERNMENT or THE VtROIN IS LANDS
Rcvo.vc
PROCVREIIENT 01v1~1c11
Pu&LIC HEALTH SOIVICE
SECRETARY'S 0.-F"ICE
( 44)
INT(ANAL
Y
( 4)
( 5)
( 6)
( 7)
( 11)
( 0)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(15)
(1t)
(a:>)
o.-ncc
(39)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(43)
2:)
( 3)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
(2B)
(29)
(30)
(37)
(38)
( J(J)
(40)
(41)
(42)
(-43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
BASEi> OH TREASURY IARRA .. T8 A""ROVO>•
IORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
IIARCH 16, 1936
(48)
~
TABLE
7
ALLOCATIONS BY APPROPRI AT ION LIMITATIONS ANO BY AGENCIES
F"EIIRUARY 291
(1)
ITEMS NoT
( A)
INCLVO(D
1936
( B)
(C)
(0)
HIOH•AYl!I
IN SPCcu·,c
AOENCV
Y
(r)
(E)
A8919TANCE
ANO ORAOE
RURAL RCHASIL-
CIVILIAN
roo
RURAL EL£C-
( 0)
0RANT8 TO
TOTAL
ST ATE8 1 ETC .
10
( 1)
TOT AL ALLOCATEO THROUGH rEBRUARY 29 1 1936
( 2)
OEPARTUENT or AGRICULTURE
( 3)
Puall C ROAOO
( •l
ALL OTHER lll.OIEA1.18
( 5)
'4,406 1 337,049
491,0CX>,ooo
•=·
SANITATI ON
Etc,
II
107, "!>4
491,000,(X)()
4d,577,500
ADVISORY COIIUITTEE ON ALLOTUENTSJ/
( 6)
AL LEY OtELLING AUTHORITY
CIVIL StllVI CE COIAMISSION J/
200,000
( 8)
DEPARTMENT or COMMERCE
( 9)
EMERGENCY CONSERVATION IORK
s21,289.ooo
(10)
rEDERAL EMERGENCY RELIEr ADMINISTRAT I ON
928,039,~
( II )
rEDERAL EMPLOYEES COUPENSAT I ON COUU I SSI ON
( 12)
GENERAL ACCOUNT I NG orr ICE
( 13)
DEPARTMENT or INTERIOR
PuERTO RICO BECON8TRUCTION AOMINl8TRATION
( 15)
( 16)
ALL 0THCR BURc,<, 6
( 17)
DEPARTMENT or JUST CE
( 18)
DEPARTMENT or LABOR
LIBRARY CF CONGRESS
306,740
2,200,000
23,651,9<:X)
4 ,999 , 600
77,650,000
1,636,200
5 , 000, 0CX>
1,000, 379
211,500
(21)
NATIONAL RESDL,,CES COIIUITTEE
NAVY OEPART~ENT -
J/
YAR06 & OOCKI
17,318,561
(23)
PRISON IIIOUSTRIES REOR GANIZATION AOUIH .J/
(24)
(25)
( 26)
PUBLIC lllRKS AOUINISTRAIION
HOUSINO
No,....,.,oc•• L
101.,:373,050
101,373 , 050
339,379,748
( 27)
RESETTLEMENT ADU IN I STRATI ON
(28)
REVOLVING ruNOS FOR PURCHASE Of MATERIALS
ANO SUPPLIES
(29)
RURAL ELECTRIFICATION ADMINISTRATION
(30)
TREASURY DEPARTMENT
(31)
VETERANS ADMINISTRATION
(32)
WAR O[PARTllrt.T
or
32,152,380
82,650,000
13,399,233
y'
(22)
COAP8
2e,ooo,ooo
179,895
NATIONAL ruEROENCY COUNC IL
QUAATCPL:A6TER CORPS
2e,ooo,ooo
J/
(20)
(34)
527,289,000
y'
A<:CUIIIATION
(33)
200,<X>O
9,057,944
( 19}
(35)
1500,67 1, 500
65,161,923
( 7)
{14)
11,217,671,311
(H)
LOANS OR
33-,, 379, 748
147, 169,354
20,000, 000
2 ,468, 286
1,23-4, 120
1,234, 12('1
(~OINCCR6
1J2,93e,892
132,93e,892
l ◄ ,699,675
IORKS PROGRESS AOUlt/lSTRATIO•
{36)
NATIONAL YOV1'H AOMINl&TRAT ION
(3-7)
STATE IORK PRoCPAM
(3e)
AOIIINISTRATI\E EXPENSES
(30)
APPROPRIATIO• l l '.'ITAT IO•
Y
45,656,268
I, 189,029,450
179,839,468
14,ooo,ooo,cx:,o
E/
1,109,003,904
650,000
lec:x>,000,000
1500,0C'<l ,OOO
1100,000,0CX>
ALLOCATION8 WAD[ roA
ExccUT1vc
ORoCR
or
TM[ ACT,
a,oo,oc-o,ooo
roR WI-IIC,.. NO lACA8UAV liARlhNU CHARC[O A CAINIT THC '4,000,000,,000 APPROPRIA TION H.AV[ BUN
A0Wlt!l6TAATIVC (XP[N8U OHLYl
NwecR 7186
INCLVO[O IN TOTAL AOYINl&TRATIV[ (XPCNIUI,
INCACASCD THI[ LIMITAT IOH
,-Aou
TH[
1900,000,000
tlTAT [D
15, 0C'O , OOO
190,450
'450,000,000
1600 ,000 ,OCX)
1 900 ,ooo ,ooo.£/&350, ooo ,ooo
8A6EO ON TREA8l.RY IARRANT8 APPROVCOJ (XCLU81VC Of'" 1292,0CX),OOO F'.t.R.A. , 100,0CX>,000 F'ARIII CACOIT AOM I N l 6TA ATI O"" AND l13,,5C0,000 ALLOTlCO F'OA
OTMCA PUAP08(6 PRIOR TO Tl-4[ PA86ACC
]/
45,656,268
54,, 1se, 7158
I0,86e,778
,~suco.
LINE 38.
llli , ... c Act 10 II, 700 , CX)() , cx:,o .
l ~KS FRO~ESS ADMINISTRATION
MARCH
16,
1936
105
T A B I
E
8
ALLOCATIONS BY APPROPRIATION LIMITATIONS
DECEMBER
(A}
(1)
I TEWS NOT I NCLYOCO IN S~CClrlC
AQENCV
( 1)
( 2)
( J}
TOTAL ALLOC ATED THROUGH FE8R\JARY 15, 1936
( •l
OEPARTVOU OF AGRICUU!URC
Pu9LI C RoAOI
ALL o, .... SU, EAUI
( 5)
ADYISDRl COWMI 11!:E ON ALLO !¥EN TS ! /
( 6)
ALLEY DWELLING AUTHOR! TY
1)
HIOH•AV&
Af«lo GRAOC
TOU,l
Luu TATIONI
CR061JNQ8
{2)
(3)
{4)
$4,384,801,267
a1,201,036,919
491,000 ,<XX>
65,161,923
.500,671,500
~o ev
AGENCIES
y
31 , 1935
(8)
RURAL
fl£HA81 LIU,l ION
{5)
.245,007,454
(C)
(0)
,
EL(CTRI-
P'I CATI OH
HOIJalNQ
{6)
( 7)
'7,899,!5.?0
..
(E}
a103,n3,050
(0)
(F)
A.e&lllANCC:
~RAL
Cl YI LI AN
CONS CAVA Tl ON
(DUCAT I ON
(H}
LOUIi OA
COAPI
0RAfrilTI TO
SANITATION
StATte, E,c,
Etc,
(11)
{8)
.116,099,873
.:527,479,4150
.1,466,762,963
LINL
No.
1)
S216,010,532
( 2)
( J)
◄91,000,000
46,577,~
(
)
( 5)
200,000
( 6)
200,000
(
CIVIL SERVICE CDll•ISSIOH !/
250,996
10,207,9MM
1)
01
9,956,948
( 8:
DEPARTWEN I OF COW ERCE
( 9)
EIIEfllENCY CONSERVA I I ON •ORK
527,289,000
(I ' ,
FEDERAL EIIERGENCY RO.IEF ADMINISTRATION
928,039,460
928,039,460
(10)
(1 1)
FEDERAL EMPLOYEES COWPO<SAT ION COIIMISS I ON
28,000,000
28,000,000
(11)
12)
(1Z}
GlNERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE!/
, 13 I
•4J
DEPARlVEN I OF IN TtRI OR
32,152,380
82,650,000
13,399,233
P\!CATO RICO ACCON6TAUCTION AOltlN l6TRATION
15)
(IO/
( 9)
$17,289,000
RcCU . . flotl
ALL 0THCII 8URCAU$
306,740
23,651,9CX>
n,650,ooo
071,500
8,860,900
1, 230,254
1,636,200
99<, 14()
4,999,600
5,000,000
1,000,3"/C,,,
2,200,000
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
( 7)
0( PARTWENT OF JUST1CE ! /
( 18 )
DEPAR!Vt:NT OF LABOR
(•91
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
(20)
NA Tl ONAL EIIERGENCY COUNCIL !/
121)
NA IIOIIAL RCSOURCES COIIWI HEE
(22}
NAVY DEPAR lllEN I - YAR DS ANO DOCK&
1231
PRISON INOUSTRIES REORGANIZATION AD Y. !/
(23)
(24)
(ZS )
(26 )
PUBLIC IORKS AOWINISTRATION
(Z4)
(2!1}
(26)
(271
RES(TTLEIIENI AOIIIHISIRATION
( 18)
REVOLY IN0 f1J!ll) FOR PURCHASE OF MA! [RIALS
ANO SUPPLIES
3,900,000
( N)
RURAL El.£CTRIFICAIION ADMINISTRATION
9,986,812
( 30}
IREASURY DEPARIWOH
(31)
YEIERAMS' A0MI HIS IRA TION
32)
,33)
,34)
... R OEPARTVOH
135)
IORKS PROGRESS AOIIIHISIRAIIOH
1,379,995
(19)
211,500
(20)
!/
(21}
(2Z)
17,318,561
101,373,050
339,3n,748
HouelloQ
- £ DOW.
339,377,748
162,129,354
NATIONAL YOUT H AOIIINUTAATIOII
(37)
SUH SOAK
PllOORA"8
(38)
AlllllNISIRAIIVE EXPEMSE
172,940,918
(J9}
APPROPRIATION LIMITATI ON
(29)
Z,737,286
(JO}
5,Z76,79'
(31)
133,438,892
14,784,633
or
T"IC AC T,
OF
45,656,268
47,792,032
10,988,428
9,()(X),000
8800
'4,000,000,000
SA sto ON TACASUA:Y •ARPANTS APPROV (OJ [XCU.ISIVC
.000.000 1500.ooo.ooo
1 5,000,UOO
•
1100,()(J),ooo '450,000,000
uoo. 000,000
a600,ooo,ooo
(35)
136)
( 37)
(38)
190,450
650,000
(.>2)
( 33}
(i,4}
I
900,ooo,oooV U50,ooo,ooo
(311)
$292,(X)(),000 r.E.R.A., $60,000,00) rARlil CREDIT A0'.6fNISTAATIOH AND $13 ,500,000 ALLOTTED fOR
,.OR WHICH NO TACA8URY •ARRANTS
Y
ALLOCATIOt~ MAO( F"OA A~I-..ISTqATl>IC [X P[HBCS
':f
EXECUTIVE OADtR NW9ER 7186 .... CAEABEO TM[ LIMITATION f"ROfll T~E
OM.VJ
(Z7}
(28)
3,900,000
133,438,892
,., 784,633
45,656,268
1,187 ,428,410
TO TH[ PA6SAQ[
20,000,000
142,119,354
1,234,120
C0RP8 or CN0INCONI
QUARTERVAITCII CORP6
OTHER P~P08CS PRIOR
101,373,050
15,541,066
( 36)
!J
(18)
1,200,100
179,895
INCLUOCD
CHAACCO AQAIN6T T ~ $4,000,ooo,OCX> APPAOPAIATION MAV[ B[[N
I SSIJ[D.
1.t,j TOTAL ADMINISTRATIVE [XPCN6£6, LINC 38.
$900,000,000
STATED
.,.. Tt< ACT TO $1,700,000,000.
WORKS PROGR[SS ADNINISTRATIGI'
~•RCH 16, 1936
106
TABLE
9
STATUS Of f\JMDS ACCOROING TO ACT LIIIITATION
ij
Dec EIO&EJI l1 • 1935
ALLOCA Tl ON8
ACT
AcT
L INE
r.o,
LIIOITATION
LETT ER
PURPOSE
( 1)
(A)
HI QHWAYS, RoADS, STREETS AND GRADE CROS81 HQ £Li IOI NATI ml
500,671,500.00
RuRAL Acl1AalLITATION MD RI.LIU IN STRICK-
( 4)
EN AQRICULTUA<L AREAS, ANO IATEII CON8EIIVA-
OBLIGA TIO NS
DOLLAR&
y
.V OUCHER PAYIOENTS
( CH ECKS ISSUED)
DOLLARS
DOLLARS
(6)
(7}
(5)
(4)
800,0QO,OOO. 00
( 3)
[XPEHDI TURE
Au rHORIZAT I OHS
( ALLOTIOENT6-)
00LLAR8
(3)
(2)
(1 )
( 2)
LIIOI TATION
DOLLARS
BY fHE
PRESIDENT
(IARRANT APPROVED)
( 1)
66,743,069.32
500,671,500.00
( 2)
( 3)
( 4)
( 5)
( 5)
( 6)
( B)
lRAN94iOUNTAIN IATER DIV[R819N AND
IRRIQAflON ANO RECLAMA11 ON
soo,000,000.00
242,833,640.oo
162, 138,013.'16
41,918,968. 71
( 6)
( 7)
(C)
RuRAL £LECTRI ,-, CA Tl QN
100,000,000.00
8,774,231 .oo
7,496,931.00
318,887 . 19
( 7)
( 8)
( D)
HOUSINO
450,000,000.00
105, U9,050.00
103, 773,oso.oo
11,441,832. 79
(10)
(E)
A&SIITANCE rOR £oUCATIONAL, PROF"E!l810NAL
AND CLER I CAL PERS OKS
300,000,000.00
140,808,960.oo
52,109,668.55
(11)
(f)
CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS
600,000,000.00
SZ2 ,389,ooo.oo
423,295,689.00
TIDN1
( 9)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
11 , 346, 211 . 40
( 9)
(10)
423,295,689.00
(11)
LOANS OR GlltANTS, 011 80TH, ,-OA PIIOJECT8
OF" STATES, TERRI TORI EB, POHUSJONS,
INCLUDIIMI SU&DI vtslONI AND Aac Cl!:9
(G)
THEREOF" 1 IIUNI Cl PALI TI ES AND THE DIITRI CT
OF" COLUMIIA AND SELl"-(.IQUIDATING PROJECTS
OF" PUSLIC 80010 THEJIEO,-
(12)
(13)
(1 4)
(15)
900,000,000.00
£/
1,334,269,368.00
512,605,418.42
1,262,578,600.05
238,147, 315.08
SANI TAT I ONA f>REVENTI ON OF" SOIL [RC.SI ON,
PREVCNTION OF" STROii POLLUTION, So Coan
EII08JON 1 REF"ORESTATION, rLOOO CONTROL,
(H)
RIVERS AN> HARBORS AHO Ill SCELLANEOUS PROJECTS
350,000,000.00
41,441,533.07
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
902,274,189. 71
894, 047 ,582.95
(23)
153,384,879.74
85,521,792 .70
64,722,852.86
(24)
1,167,688,084.00
1,060,295,158.88
987 1 795L982, 41
958, n o,435.01
(25)
4,236,981,642.00
3, 7~,583,981.85
2,340,856,000. 84
1,672 , 394, 306.18
(26)
7,822,407 .oo
4,244,804,049.oo
55,195,951.00
3,753,583,981.85
2,340,856,000. 84
1 ,672, 394,306 0 18
(27)
(2B)
214,407,809.oo
181,225,370.41
rEOERAL EMERQENcY RELIEF" ADIIINISTRATION
935,9~0,oes.oo
906,910,279.14
(24)
OTHER PROJECTS •D AD■ INJSTRATIVE UPEN8ES
231,757,999.00
SUBTO"TAL
(26)
TOTAL
(27)
(28)
(29)
IARRANTS PENDi NO APPROVAL
TOTAL ALLOCAT 10118 IIY PRES I DENT
UNALLOCATED BY THE PRESIDENT
(30)
GRANO TOTAL
V
(16)
(17)
(18)
(23)
(25)
( 8)
4,000,000,000.00
(29)
3,753,583,961 .es
2,340,856,000.84
Y
ACT OF" 1935,
SOURCE: REPORT OF" THC PRESIDENT TO CONGRESS OF" THC OPERATIONS UNDER THC EMERGENCY RELIC!' APPROPRl>TION
DATED JANUARY 9 1 1936.
ACT OF" 1935 .
INCL UOE:S STATUTORY ALLDCAT ION OF" $100,000 1 000 F"OR PUSLI C ROADS UNOE~ 0EP AqTMENT OF" AGRI CUL TUR!: APPROPRIATION
2./
LIMITATION •a•
Q/
PERMITS I N ADD I Tl ON,
THE EMERGENCY RELIEF" APPROPRIATION AC T OF" 1935 PROVIDES THE SPECIF"IC AMOUNT OF" #4,000,000,000, ANO
PRESIDENT HAS
THE USE OF" UNEXPCNDED BALANCCS NOT IN EXCESS OF" sseo,000,000 F"ROM PRIOR APPROPRIATI ONS . To DATE THE
ACCO~NT.
TRANSF"ERRCD sm,000,000 FROM !PALANCES OF THE RECONSTRUCTION > INANCE CORPO RATION TO THE '.YORKS PROCRA"'
1, 672,394,306. 18
INCREASED F"ROM 1900,000,000 ro ~1,100,000,000 ev ExccuT1vc ORDCR No. 7186 DATED SEPTC MSCR 21, 1935.
IOAIIS PROGRESS AOII IN I S TAAIION
IIAIICM 16, 1936
(30)
T A 8 L (
STATUS
or ru-.os
10
ACCOROINO TO OROANIZAIION U~ITS
DCCE>oe(A
y
31 , 1 936
A1.LOCAT IONS
(,C.PENDI fUR(
BY THE
PRE:SI CENT
Aun.. oR I ?AT I ONB
{WARRANTS APPROVEO)
( ALLOTMCNTB)
LINF
NO.
OESCA I PT I ON
VOU CHER PA YMENTS
( CHEC KS ISSUED)
0 BLI GAT l ON S
LINE
No .
(2)
1
( 1)
LEGISLATIVE ESTA8LISHl'ENT
( 2)
Lt BRARY OF' CON CRESS
( 3)
EXEC UTIVE DEPART~ENTS
( 4)
ACR I CUL TUR(
( 5)
( 1)
( 2)
70,133. 93
110 , 000 . 00
211, 500 . 00
( 3)
5 7~,399 , 0 43. 00
568,610 , 289 . 99
269 , 2 34 ,78 3. 3 1
82 , 186 , ·12 . 15
( 4)
CO MMERCE
10 ,452,944. 00
8 , 608,228 . 00
1,1 53 , 492 . 77
424,990.94
5)
( 6)
INTER I OR
126, 0 70,257. 00
11 6 ,343, 285 . 03
24, 2 19,1 9 1.19
5 , 020,289. 42
( 6)
( 7)
JUS T ICE
900,000.00
900, 000 . 00
211 ,48 4. 9 1
199,21'6 40
( 7)
( 8)
LABOR
9 , 334, 005 . 00
8,039 , 479 . 73
5 , 151, 24 1.80
5 , 007,'15 1 .92
( 8)
( 9)
NAVY
17,554 , 625 , 00
1 7, 554 ,625 . 00
7,574,360 . '-3
5 , 074 , 991 . 29
( 9)
(10)
TREASURY
5 1, 241, 066 . 00
23 , 479,990 . 53
13 , 319, 752.42
0 , 042 , '172 . ,8
(10 )
(11)
IAR
144,716,204 . 00
$8,3 18 , 655 . 69
Y.,11';.i,'329.10
/1 1)
(12)
INDEPENDENT ESTA 8 LISHM£NTS
{13}
ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON AL L OTMENTS
( 14)
y'
146 , 634, 754. 00
(12 )
25 , 000 .00
25 ,OOfl. '.JO
ALLEY D~ELL IN C AUTHOR I TY
200 , 000. 00
200,000 . 00
(15)
~IVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
325 , 000 . 00
325 , 000 . 00
6 ,851. 83
(16)
[I.IER:i:ENCY CONSERVATION ',10RK
523,479, 450 .00
424, 38 6 , 139 . 00
424, 154, 07!) . 05
326 , 2 10 , 640 .1 8
(16)
(17)
(MPLOYEES COMPENSATION Cm.u.11 SS I ON
28,000, 000 .00
1, 345 , 462 . 86
14 7 ,2 35 . ., ,
11 1, 378. 3
(17)
(18)
FEDERAL £MERGENCV RELIEF ADMINI S TRATI ON
935 , 9 30, 085 . 00
906 , 9 10,279 .1 4
902, 274 ,1 89 . 71
894, '.)47, 582 . 9:,
(1 6 )
(19)
GENE!-tAL AC C OUNT I NG 0FFI
6 , 000 , 000 . 00
3,073, 050 . 00
1 , 472 , -75 . 48
1,32, , 673 . 70
(19 )
(20)
f'( ATION AL
£MERGEN CY COUNCIL
1 I 150 , 000 . 0Q
1,1 50 , 000 . 00
E11, ~':i<.J . 20
7:JB.92 7. 70
(21)
NATIONAL
RESOURCES COM~JI TT £ E
1 ,000 , 000 . 00
560,000 . 00
373 , .24. 66
(2 1)
(22)
PRIS ON IMOUSTRIS:S
100 , 000 . 00
100,000 . 00
11,473 . 4 3
(22 )
(23)
PUBLI C i o« KS AOM!.,ISTRAT ION
446 ,40!3 , 762 . 00
444 , 21 1, :10 . 00
126 , "93JJ27 . 40
28 , 1J7,31tL73
(24}
RESET TLENENT
IN IS T~AT ION
18 1, v70 , 000 . 00
81 , 364 , 271 . 46
31.8.;6,2S1 . v1
21, 1 4,379.32
(2 5 )
RURAL
11, 536,5 1 7 .oo
10,259 , 2 1 7 . 00
318, 0 87, 19
.J10 , 239.9<
( 26 J
VETE~A NS ADM IN I ST R AT I ON
1,269 ,120 . 00
1 , 260 , ,50 . 00
4 7 1,076 .3 3
(27J
WORKS
1,162 . 688, 914 . 00
990 , 05 1 /)40. 11
442, 799, 7 10 . 51
256 , 653 , 4 10 . 32
4 ,236,98 I ,642.00
3, 753,583, 98 1.85
2 ,340, 856,000 .!' 4
1, 6 72 1 304 I '3Q(, .1 1.3
ADM
CE
~LECTRlr°ICATION ADMINISTRATI ON
PRO GRE SS ADMINISTRATION
(28)
TOT~L
t29 )
'IVARRArJTS PC NDIN G APPROVAL
{ 30)
TOT AL "LLOCAT I OtJS
(31 )
UNALLOC • rso
Q/
SOURC E :
REPORT OF
THE: P RE S I D E N T TO CONGRESS ON
or $3 , 000 , 000
( MERGENCY APPR OPRI A TION ACT
TH( USE OF'"
TA:ANSF'E RRE D
OF
UNEXPENDED BALANCES NOT
$300, 000 , 000
1935 PROVICES
IN EXCESS OF
F RO ._. BALANCES
or
(27)
( 29 )
1,072 , 394 , ):)6 .1 8
(30 1
( 31 I
El
3 , 7:,3 , 59 3 ,JG 1 .as
THE OPERATIONS UNDER THE
FOR PUACHAS(
(2 3
126 )
55, 195,~~1. 00
INCLUOES REVOLVING F'UNO
THE
(1 5 )
.:; ,244 , ao4 , 04~ . oo
4,300 , 000 , 000 . 00
lj
(14)
7 , .,22 , 407 , 00
(32 )
Y
(13 )
1,1 5 3. 08
EMERGENCY
1 ,'72 , 394, 306 .1 9
2 ,340,JSb , 0.....0 . !34
RELIEF' A C T
or
1935,
DATED JANUARY 9,
1936.
MAfE:RtALS ANO SUPPLtE:S.
TH£ SPECIF"IC AMOUNT OF"
$880,000,000 F'ROM
$4,000,000,000, AND
PR IO R APPROPRIATIONS.
OF THE RECONSTFH..CTION F°"INANCE
PERMIT S ,
T O DATE
IN ADDITION,
THE PRESIDENT HA S
CORPORA 'rlON TO TH( WORKS PROGAAM A CCOUN T.
■ ORKS
-..c ..
PROORESS • D~ IN IS I RA I I ON
16, 1936
1()11
I
SIAIUS Of
A 8
r~os
L E
11
ACCO RO I,;() 10 SIA I (S ~
UEC( ll8[A 31, 1931>
ALLOCAT I 0NS
BY
LI NE
No.
THE
(XP,ENO
AUTHORI.ZAT IONS
(WARR ANTS APPROVEO)
(ALLOTMENT&)
2
s
( 1)
( 2)
( 3)
ALABAMA
( 4)
C AL I f°ORN IA
( 5)
COLOAA OO
( 6)
( 7)
( 8)
{ 9)
(1 0 )
CONNECT I CUT
AR I ZONA
ARKANSAS
DELAW ARE
D ISTRICT
o,
GEOR G I A
KAN S AS
(16)
KEN T UCK Y
( 17 )
( 18)
( 19 )
(20 )
LOUI S I AN A
I OAH O
ILLINOI S
INDIANA
IOWA
MAINE
MAR YL AN D
MA SSACHUSE TTS
(21 )
fJI CH t GA•J
(2 2 )
Ml NN E SOT A
(23)
MI SS I SS IPPI
(24 )
MI SSOU RI
(25/
MON T AN A
(26)
NE BR ASKA
(27)
(28 )
(29)
(30)
NE V ADA
( 31 )
(32)
(33)
(34 )
(35)
(36)
(37)
COLUMB IA
FLOR I QA
( 11 )
(12)
(13 )
(14 )
(1 5)
NEW IIAMPSH I RE
NEW
JER S EY
NEW ME X I CO
flEW YORK
l!OR TH CA ROL l f\l A
rlO RT H 0At".O T A
0H JO
OK L AH OM A
0RE GOr1
PENNSY L V AN IA
(:fl )
RH ODE
(39)
,40)
SO UTH C AR OL t NA
(41 )
TENNE SS EE
(42)
(43)
TE XAS
UTAH
(44)
V[R f.lONT
(45)
VIR G INIA
I SL AND
SOU TH DAKO TA
(46)
WASHIN GTON
(4i,
WEST
(48)
(49)
Wyo,., IN G
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
V I R GINIA
WI SCONS I N
ALA SK A
H AYJA I I
PUER TO
Rt CO
V I RG IN
ISL ANDS
(54)
NOT ALLOCATED TO
(55)
TOTAL ALLOCATIONS
(56)
1
SPEC IFI C ST ATES
VOUCH E:R
0 BL I C AT I ON S
4
3
s
60 ,251,143
35,968 , 699
53, 592 , 1€6
275 , 646 , 664.
48 , 760 , 3€6
a
52 , 443,504
33,720,1 09
49,1 55 ,688
262 ,402 , 598
46 , 025,253
PAYMENT &
(CH ECKS ISSUED)
(57 )
NET ALLO C ATI ONS
(58)
UNA L LOCA TED
22,763 , 251
16, 431,263
24, 377,387
100 , 866,295
23,346,669
S OURCE:
,§/
THE (ME:R GENCY APPROPRIAT I ON ACT OF'
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
34 , 709, 027
7, 570 , 870
47,466 , 763
52 , 230, 439
5 7, 066 ,113
20 ,207, 544
4, 670 , 75 7
27 , 036 , 137
34,688 , 8 16
32 ,644 , 646
14,444,380
2,608, 953
21,€23, 127
2 1, 388, 126
24, 690 , 51 3
( 6)
31, 302, 1e2
222,2 11, 901
83 , 304 , 792
4 1,21 5,941
49 ,1 78 , 931
27,918 , 723
2 13,877 , 218
78 , 824 , 916
39 , 529 , 360
46 , 68 7, 738
18,432 , 067
129, 362 , BOB
47, 701,644
21, 959 , (\65
28 ,636 , 08 7
14 , 029,779
96 , 250 , 022
33, 546 , 6 34
14,38 6,627
20,:130 , 1y7
(11 )
60 , 502,:138
45 , 666,es 1
23, 24 1 ,923
5 1, 464 , 212
144 ,t 29 , 364
55 , 54 7, 092
4 2,225 , 954
21, S42, 762
43 , 483 , 343
739,973 , 277
33 , 777 , 406
29 , 603 , 316
14 , E79 , 538
32 , 272 , 538
7 3, 850,.C::36
22,18 1, 657
22,394,41 5
11 , 094, 955
1 7,720,372
63,647, 380
(16)
(17 )
( 18)
(19)
(20)
126 , 046 , 207
84 , 087, 696
39 I 194 , 635
0 1, 526 , 101
5 1, 336 , 279
719,867 , 575
79,796 ,167
36 , 494,766
77 , 776 , 457
49 , 380 , 0 16
8 3, 032 , 006
50 , 6 16 , 898
26 , :133 , €9 7
49 , 586, 118
32 , 258 , 507
54,714, 146
40 ,495, 158
78,264, 50 1
35, 5 15 ,1 0 3
22,49e , 7 32
(2 1)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25 )
4 1 ,2e2 , s57
10 , 505 , 629
12, 1 75 , 325
11 3, 321, 6 15
35 , ~67 , 169
39 , 442 , 546
10, 135 , 949
11 ,1:eo ,1 30
100 , !:.:30 , 095
32 ,21 9 ,1 68
27, 039 , 951
7,029, 105
7, 559 , , es
G0 , 957, 185
20 , 303,960
15, E57, 702
4,655 , 5 12
5 ,264, 1C6
44 , 869 , (•'1 1
15,714,923
(26)
(27)
(28 )
(29)
(30 )
460 , 1E7 , 958
52, 350,098
26 , 977 , 284
213, 552 ,~796
68 , 654 ,905
441, 8 38 ,744
48 ,144, 58 2
25 , 687, 55 7
203, 503 , 52 1
64 , 326 , 896
328 , 250 , 245
30, 376 ,254
14, 2 1 3, 294
10€ ,2 21 , 506
40 ,230 , 578
229,800, 278
2 ., , 258 , 118
11 , 146,151
8 2,422, 149
26 , 804, 330
( 31)
(32 )
( 33)
(34)
(35)
38, 1ee ,ooe
320 , t57 , 703
15 , 707 , 419
42 , 415,672
25 ,493 , 076
36 , 156 , 749
209 ,~~9 , 515
14 ,1 34,26 7
:fl , 746 ,936
24 , 27 1 , 187
20 , ~68 , 0 11
183 , 53(',335
5 , 903 , , sa
23, 6€8 ,680
15 ,1 59 , 075
15,984, 167
14€,8 13 ,334
4,30 1, 263
17 , 396,327
12,447, 294
( 36)
(37 )
(38 )
(39 )
62,835 , 106
152,153 , 008
26 , 932 , 929
14 , 967 ,7 82
53 ,1 66 , 39 3
58, 153 , 020
744, 8 40 , 839
25 , 587 , 04 1
13 , 048 , 676
46 , 31 3,80 1
31, --n:, , 375
€6 , 077 , 15 7
15 , 054 , 074
70 , 370 , 352
32,447 , 79 1
24, 95 1,963
56,375 , 848
11 , ee9 ,220
7 ,356,203
24 , 6 32,769
(41)
(42 )
(43)
(44 )
(45 )
€3, 174 , 394
58 , 934 ,1 72
109 , 2G 1, 642
25, 419 , 765
79 , 697 , 004
54 , 74 1, 658
105 , 336 , 34 6
24, 038 , 575
5 7, 794 , 562
32 ,1 50 , 997
69,822 , 670
10,874 , 974
29,1 19 ,111
22 , 512 , 86 7
46,004, 18 4
6 ,460 , 316
(46)
(47 )
(48 )
(49 )
2 , 759,217
8 , 235,976
49 , 752 , 007
1,131, 0 10
2 , 671 , 117
7, 352 , 257
46 , 470,242
759 , 239
2 , 277, 730
4 , 074 , 08 3
12 , 577 , 9 75
244 , 334
1,2 7 1 , 8 48
2 , 8 35,28 3
9 , 960 , 859
1 79, 552
{SO )
(51 )
(52)
(53 )
283, 567, 758
49,733,1 6 3
29 , 226 ,113
10,249 , 986
(54 )
4, 2 36 , 91' 1, 642
3, 75 3, 5€3 , 98 2
2,340 , 856 , 007
1, 672 ,394,306
(55)
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
( 10 )
(12)
(13)
( 14)
( 15 )
(4C )
(56 )
7, 8 22,40 7
4,244, 804,049
4, 300 , 000 ,000
Y
(
(
(
(
(
35,065, 336
8 , 192 , 987
54 , 447 , 005
55 , 632 , 4 11
64 , 571, 399
3, 75 3, 58 3, 98 2
2,340,856 , 001
1, 672 , 394 ,306
55 , 195,951
GRANO TOTAL
LIN E
NO.
5
s
34, 4 39,153
20, 74 3 ,974
32 , 892, 741
146, 539 , 639
31, 749 ,737
MARRANT6 PENO I N G APPROVA L
(N ET RES C 155 I CNS )
(59)
I JURE
PRE S I DENT
STATE
(57)
(58)
y
3,753 , 58 3, 98 2
2,340,856,001
REP ORT OF' THE PRE S IDENT TO CON GRESS ON THE OPERATI ON S UND ER T HE EMER GENCY RELIEF' ACT OF
1935, DAT ED J ANUA RY 9,
1 ,672,394,306
1936 .
1935 PROVIDES THE S PEC IFI C AMOUNT OF $4,000,0CO,OOO, AND PERMITS I N ADDIT ION,
THE US E OC UNE XPENDED BAL ANCES NOT IN EXC ESS QC $ 880 1 000 1 000 CROM PR I OR AP PRO PR I AT IONS ,
TRA N SFERRED $300,000,000 FROM BALA NCES OF' THE RE CONSTRUCT I ON F I NANCE CORP ORATION T O THE
TO DATE THE PRE S ICEN T HAS
WORKS
PROGRAM ACCO UNT•
IOAK S PROGRCSS AOIIINISIRA II ON
WAACH 16,
19)6
(59)
109
T A 8 L E
12
PU8L IC IOR KS ACt,I I NI STRAT I ON - NON-fEOERAL DIVISION
STA TUII 0~ AL LOTMENT S UNDE R T HC WOR KS
y
P ROQ AAM BY S TAT E S
DECEUB EA 26 . 1935
(BTI UATEO
LI NE
ST AT E
NO
IOIAL
( 1)
(
(
(
(
(
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
ALA BAMA
AR I lC NA
COLORADO
CONNECT I CU T
( 12)
( 13)
(1 4 )
(15)
(16)
I OAHO
(22)
(23)
(2 4 )
(25)
(26)
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31 \
(32j
(33 j
( 34 )
( 35)
(36)
(37)
(38)
( 39)
( 40)
( 41 )
( 42)
(43)
( 44 )
( 4 5)
( 46)
LOAN
PROJ E CTS
VALUE
DELAWA RE
OF
0 1 S TAI CT
COLUMB t A
f" LO RI DA
GEO RGI A
ILLI NOIS
INO I ANA
I OWA
KANSAS
KEN TUCKY
TOTAL
2/
'21
COST
4,1-49
$15-4,M7, 1-48
$325,323,220
68
12
218
38
2, 774, 000
333,500
3,638,250
15 , 744 , 500
257 .500
4, 266, 041
352,801
3, 078,368
27,958,468
4,995,734
9, -482,013
789,279
6,842,373
62,604,738
11 , 101,444
(
(
(
(
(
88
11
2
88
1 39
14,000
70,000
3, 796,100
756,455
5,497,91 5
576,469
11 8,500
3 , 701,81 4
3 , 292 , 509
12,202,855
1,?82,202
296,500
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
( 10)
( 11 )
28
217
14 6
149
86
386,700
4 , 999,400
930,389
455, 000
312 , 000
706 , 738
23,080, 791
6,640,570
4, 688,553
3, 108,354
1 , 578,51-4
52,880,233
15,014,026
10,52Q,037
6, 906,628
( 12)
(13)
( 14 )
(15)
71
2,972 , 000
4 ,205,1 31
9,172,423
(17)
16
26
175
196,200
335,500
783 , 955
12, 107,5!'>1
14, 078,020
1, 741 ,968
26,909,120
30,906,031
( 18)
( 19)
(20)
(2 1 )
108
120
71
102
16
15,091,682
1 5, 164 , 809
5,014 , 250
2,071 , 683
6, 573 , 233
1 ,314 , 607
3f,859,683
11 , 46'1,358
•,611 , 102
14,858, 041
2,913,707
(22)
(23)
(2 4 )
(25)
(26)
96
13
22
71
22
6, 152 , oOO
540, 500
75, 000
11, 704,454
641, 500
6, 644,059
626 , 821
832, 659
H,914,970
869, 474
14,806,504
1,546, 271
1 ,841 ,855
29,661,062
1,959,884
( 27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31 )
204
56
57
245
51
24, 822,500
2,341, 3CO
933,944
6,271 , 600
1, 689,225
51, 339 , 278
3, 427 , 985
1, 425, 416
13, 599, 065
4 , 212,990
111 , 809,757
7,611,246
3, 179,524
30,331,059
9 , 340,276
( 32)
(3 3 )
( 34 )
(35 )
(36)
98
282
10
75
41
1, 69 ◄ , 750
7 , 505, 5'<5
2, 669, 000
875, 600
4 , 557,065
18 ,1 16, 857
3, 889, 800
3 , 416, 606
1,008, 762
10,152 , 379
42 , 899,685
8,643, 7~6
7,711,064
2, 211 , 156
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41 j
80
269
34
13
71
3,683,300
17,027,755
265, fiOO
194 , 500
2, 165, 000
4,624, 293
18, 612 , 799
986,023
422,-485
4,067,442
10,425,082
54,450, 753
2,188 , 605
940, 651
9,061, 681
(42)
( 43)
(44)
( 4 5)
( 46)
109
53
551 , coo
2,100, s05
616,000
643,250
4, 607,864
2,1 95, 544
5, 525, 738
1 , 060,099
11, 246,737
4,901,654
12,287,833
2 , 353 , 960
(47)
( 48)
( 49 )
141,500
350, 000
141, 765
708, 565
111 , 939
319, 200
1, 574 ,596
244, 310
( 51 )
(52 )
( 53)
5
y
$743,656, 896
11,71 ◄ ,995
7,295,066
Lou I S I ANA
MAI NE
MARYLAND
1.lASS ACHUSETTS
Ml CH I GAN
r.' I N!\ESOTA
MI SS I SS I PP I
M JSSOUR I
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEV ADA
NEW
NEW
HAM PSH I R[
JERSEY
NEW MEX I CO
YORK
,i['W
NOR TI- C AROL I NA
NOR T H DAKO TA
OH I O
OK L AHOMA
OREGON
PENNS YL VAN t A
RHODE
I SLANO
SOU Th CARO LI l"l A
SOU T H 0 At<O T A
TEN NESSEE
TEX AS
U TA H
VER~ON T
Vt RG I N IA
( 51)
(52 )
( 53)
ALA SK A
6
HAW A I 1
4
2
WES T V I R G INIA
Wf SCONS I N
80
WYO lil l NG
11
1/ 1 RGI N I SU. N OS
1,427,514
2 , 206,1 50
926,000
1,363,000
Y
SOUR CE:
.§/
f" UN08 r Row PR[Vt OUS APP RO PRI A TIONS, [ XC£ P T ON£ LOA N or $ 1 0 ,500,000 rR OM
r UNos
PUBL IC IORK8
T AOOI
ER A ACT o,
I NCLUO[S f" u,.,os
ADM INl 8 TJUT ION -
D I VISION Of" E CONOIIII C8 AND 5TA Tl 8 TI C8 •
r~oa
PRO V IDED UNDER [RA ACT or 1 935 .
1935 ONLY .
PROVI DE D LOCALLY.
$7 , 8 58, 52 8 AVAI L A BLE fA OIII ER A ACT NOT
LI NE
No
4
WA SH I NG TON
fl
VALUE
3
( 47 )
( 48 )
( 49)
(50)
£/
!?I
y
GRANT
2
79
ARK.ANS AS
CALI FbRN t A
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
( 10)
( 11 )
(17)
( 1 8)
( 19)
(20)
(21 /
NUMBE R Of'
IHCL UD£0
IN TA BLEJ
PR OJEC TS rOR H HS 6 1.A,1 READ Y r o R
ALL OTMENT BUT NO T ANNOUNCE D AS or DECE MBER 2 6, 1935 .
WOR KS PROG RESS ADM 1111 S TR AI I ON
MARCH 16, 1936
( 1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
( 16)
(50 )
110
T A B t
VA LUE
or
*P A PROJECTS SHEC TEO
roA
13
OPE RA 11 ON BY TY PES ANO BY STA TES
0CC£M8(A 31, 1935
PAR.KS
HIOHWAY8,, AOAOB
STA TE
LINE
TOTAL ALL P11tO JECT6
00LI.AA 6
No.
___iz)
( 1)
GRANO
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
ALABAMA
(
(
(
(
(
TOT AL
Alltl ZO NA
A,.KANSA S
CALI FORNI A
CO LORADO
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
( 10)
CONNE CT I CUT
( 11)
GEORG I A
0ELA•AAE
0 1 S TAI CT OF COLUWBI A
FLORI OA
( 12)
( 13 )
( 14)
( 15)
( 16)
KANS AS
( 17)
K EN TUCKV
( 18 )
( 19)
(2 0 )
(2 I)
L OU I 61 ANA
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(2 6 )
(27 )
(28)
(29)
(3 0 )
(31)
(32)
(33)
( 34)
( 35)
(36)
(3 7 )
( 38)
(39)
(40)
(/41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
(4 7)
(48)
(4 9 )
(50 )
(51)
IOA HO
I ~LI NOi 6
IND I ANA
IOWA
;.AI N E
MAR YL A ND
MAS SA CHUSETTS
MI CHI GAN
f,l l NN[6 0 TA
MI SSISS I PP I
~1 1 650UR I
MON TA NA
NEBRASK A
►JE VAOA
NEo HA~P SHI RE
Na, J ER SEY
:14EW MEX I CO
Nco Y ORK C l T Y
NEW
YOR K S T A T E
( DtcL. N. Y.C . }
NORTH CA ROLI NA
NO RTH DA KOT A
OHIO
OK LA HOMA
OR EGON
PE.N NSYL VAN IA
RHODE
Isl.ANO
S OUTH CA ROLI NA
S OUTH DAKOTA
T ENNESS EE
TEXA S
U TAH
VE Rl.10NT
V J RG I NIA
'I AS HI NQTON
IIEST
V I ~ C I NI A
WISCO NSI N
WYOUI NC
ij
Less
T H AN
o.os
PE1'CENT
AND STlltEETS
Dou.AMO
( 3)
(4)
1,1 69,650,880
100.0
461,633,337
1 4 , 2 59 , 561
4,929, 0 17
14,335,580
73 ,108 ,131
12,164,774
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100,0
7,237, 302
2,019,474
7 ,305,537
17,799,822
4,518,083
11, 380, 066
1 , 042,165
4, 456,402
13 ,3 78,441
23,2t1 ,a61
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4,002.,920
98,352
1,580,067
5,504,971
8 ,995,761
4,953,222
80,070,798
44,l81,329
7,921,538
14,595,785
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
22,372,04e
8 , 533,765
2,915,371
7,865,851
49,165,860
PCMCENT
Out.URS
(5 )
(6)
DOLLAA6
(7)
(8)
{9)
2,162,938
0 .2
y
115,B24,103
9 .9
so.a
1,886,734
845,005
1,750,365
10,012,e31
987,211
13.2
17.1
12.2
13. 7
0, 1
11.3
35.4
41 .2
38a6
1,ze5,913
66, 815
168,062
z,oe2,3u
3,775,369
2,077,S42
39,018,353
22,077,646
3,328,239
6,453, 921
41.9
48 , 7
49.9
42.0
444 2
395, 300
4,032,452
3,526,387
566,364
1,,00.,300
7 .9
5.o
e.o
1.1
7,6
100,0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11,884,477
2,360,995
1,248,059
2,736,850
14,361,830
53.1
27,0
42.8
34.8
29.2
2,940,204
1 ,679,391
07,065
882, 748
4,473 ,089
13.2
19.7
2.3
11 . 2
9 ,1
44,019,374
22,166,536
7,138,267
25,168,995
4,183,432
100.0
100.0
100,0
100.0
100,0
20 ,597,908
a. 166,110
2,380.497
10,307,922
1 ,730,307
46.B
36.8
33 .4
40.9
41 .4
3 ,923,101
2,820,495
1, 150,802
1,097, t,86
273,421
8 ,9
12 .7
16. 1
4.4
6.5
5,660,980
1 ,246.,556
2,845,797
36,141,304
5., 578,.115
100.0
100.0
100,0
100.0
100.0
2,853,425
293 ,084
749,479
12.,240, 764
1,831,135
50.4
23.5
26,3
33.9
32.8
526,707
45,695
196,442
3., 472.,904
,.,,w.,s1a
9.3
3. 7
6.9
9.6
20. 8
117,527,372
71,529,d62
9,103,974
3, 442,067
97 ,682,440
100.0
100.0
17, 7
33.4
23.7
40.3
46,5
18,096.,171
5,53~,862
1,011.176
358,532
10,471,550
15,4
1 .1
1 ,. 1
100.0
100,0
20,839,914
23 ,897,471
2 ,157,832
1,387,578
45,386,440
22,579,590
7 , 855,600
114,400, 252
7 , 944,~81
9,834,319
100.0
100.0
100.0
100, 0
100.0
9,295,818
3,828,753
64,419,339
2 ,11~,485
2,451,172
41,2
48.7
56.3
34.9
24.9
2,822,728
414.,57 2
7,255 ,204
742 ,929
1 I 210,391
12.s
5.3
6.3
9 .4
12.3
4,082,223
13 , 285,428
36,802,886
7 ,234., -, 62
2 ,188,308
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1,508.,267
5,775,311
22 ,234,427
1,694,434
1,156,983
36.9
43.5
60,4
23e4
52.a
275, 787
1., 145,656
1,605,451
1.,243,089
193,791
6.9
8 ,6
4.4
11.2
8,9
8 , 295,658
1 6, 817,596
16,681,499
30,252,856
2,926,988
100,0
100.0
1,938,937
5 ,379,402
10,30?,358
e,349, 1e1
1 ,086.,495
23.4
32.0
61 .7
27.6
37 . 1
541 ,009
1,075,993
1 ,056,899
2 ,647,067
316,446
6.5
6.4
9.9
a.1
10.e
,oo.o
,oo.o
,oo.o
100.0
100.0
s1.o
24.4
37.1
35.2
9 .4
23,670
8,497
f>DICENT
0 .1
6,4
3,8
15.6
,6.2
43,836
11,301
o.3
330,327
151,005
0,4
o .3
9,016
10,765
980
!/
!/
o. 1
!/
no,907
0.2
1,236,Q86
33,629
1,1
o. 1
10.4
10,7
14,449
11,954
178,626
990
fLOOO CONTftO L ANO
AN O
OTHCllt eoNB EftVA TION
PL AYOlltOUND6
Pt:RC CNT
39.5
41,0
Hous1 NO
PUBL IC 8U ILOIN08
!/
0.2
o .5
!/
OOLU MS
PEMC~NT
D OLLARS
ON NCXT
S EWER SY6T£M8
00LLAR8 PtlltCENT
LIN
No
(11)
i 12 )
(13)
( 14)
136,208,282
11 . 6
65,081 ,905
5.6
112,878,138
587 ,049
535 ,054
860,19~
6,525,899
1,02,.,21.
4. 1
10,9
6.0
8. 9
a.4
171 , 486
1 21,248
1,002,972
11,212,1 19
2,346,524
1, 2
2, 5
1. 0
1 5.3
19.3
1,484,418
122,724
539,533
9 62,649
745,329
13.0
1 1.a
12 . 1
7.2
3.2
369,040
12,730
3. 2
1 ,2
171,172
15,011
1 .3
o. 1
279, 642
12,583,577
5,735,839
821,030
1,535,890
5.6
15. 7
12.9
10.4
,o.s
690,454
3,075,093
2 , 975,932
455,411
7ZI ,614
13. 9
4. 0
6,7
5, 7
5.0
417,522
851,509
25>,996
871,638
4,628,615
1.9
10. 0
B.9
11.1
9.4
252,040
6,97 j
32,826
274, 203
1 , 51 6,661
1. 1
0 ,1
1 .1
3.5
3. 1
1,1 03,3 50
943,371
376 ,143
1 ,450 ,210
6 ., 66 6, 2()3
1,,699.,188
4,n3,234
a50,538
1,887,670
361,853
3.9
21.5
3.5
7,5
a.6
3,262,260
805,130
251, 814
2,314,274
357,869
7. 4
3. 6
3, 5
9.2
8. 6
6, 584, 580 14.9 (11
1 ,.;a1, 783 6, 7 (23
446, 158 6.3 (24
2, 484,058 9.9 (25
248 , 831 5,9 (26'
422,167
201,922
493,633
6,318,0,0
JZI ,376
7 .5
16.Z
17,4
11.s
5,8
81,949
44,036
51 , 545
2 , 389, 091
543,543
1, 5
3. 5
1.e
6.6
9. 7
580, 007 10,2 (27
1 6, 9 74 1.4 ;1a
635,343 22.3 129 1
3 ,656,643 10, 1 (Jo)
311, 630 5.6
35,198,837
6 ,737,854
798,737
358,272
11.,444,472
29. 9
~.4
a .a
2 ,507,889
357 , 150
94 , 602
4,789 , 662
3. 5
3. 9
2. e
4, 9
15 , 33 6, 051 21.5 (ll )
1,183,946 13.0 (34 '
306,934 0.9 (35
9 , 396,318 9,6 (36/
551 ,369
506,264
8,970,653
1,003,545
198,938
2,4
6.4
7. 9
12.6
2.0
1,999,026
654,618
5, 728,963
2 6,617
77,906
8,9
B.3
s.o
o. 3
o.e
1.,32 7, 841 5.9
507,403 6. 5
9,580,30 6 e.3
1 ,069, 398 13.5
47 6 ,041 4,8
149,206
558,906
2,0?0, 184
526,910
59,332
3,6
4,2
5. 7
7.3
2 ,7
286,021
226,036
2,106,375
356,775
13,226
1. 0
1 .7
5. 7
4.9
0. 6
249,525 6,1
395, 577 3.0
2 , 129, 067 5,e
611 ,971> 8. 5
282 ,. 869 12. 9
1,7741,604
2., 147,227
416,170
4,287,614
317,669
21 .4
12.a
2. 5
14.2
10.9
54,805
3,837,133
78,450
5.,417, 198
337,773
0, 7
22, 8
0, 5
17.9
11 . 5
723 ,104 0.1
1,080,702 6,4
1 ,642,785 9.9
3 ,837 ,074 ,2.1
250,546 8.6
( 10 )
(1~
"'7
,o.4
11.7
P ~Gf)
10111(S PROGFIESS AOI\IINISTRA TI JN
MA. RCH 16, 1936
9.6
( q·
50E ,443 3.6 ( 2
1 30,788 2.1 ( l
401,3 50 2,8 ( 4
7,312,203 10.0 ( 5
1,077, 055 8,9 ( 6
2, 147,376
1 50,133
575,832
885,455
3 ,202, 724
18.9
14.4
12.9
6.6
13.8
205,ose 5.4
7,09 2,743 8,9
2,021 ,209 4,6
1,163,177 14.7
846,221 s .0
7, 725 ,432
P£RC ENT.
(CON TtNUC'O
PEJII CENT
WATER SUPPLY ANO
4.9
11.1
12,9
1e.4
13. 6
6.5
( I
( \
( 9
( 10
(
( 12
( 13
( ,,
(1 5
( ,!
(11
( Ii
(19
(IC
(1•
:::1
(•;
(43
(41
(45
(46
,,,
T A 8 L E
~•L u( o r
13 (C o Nc ,. u o co)
I PA PllOJ(CI S S(LEC TEU FOR OPE AA 11 ON av
oYP(S ANO av STATES
0CC("9CA 31 1 1935
At R..otlTS ANO OTHER
ELCCTRI C UTI LIT I C6
DOLLARS
PCRC(NJ
STAT£
!2 )
!1)
GRAND TOTAL
AI.ABA~A
Pl
lRAN& PO RTATI OH
0 0LL,q8
PCRCENI
!4l
!Sl
!6 l
!7l
{a)
{9)
rs
'-' 1 CH I CAN
J. I N"4ESOTA
M1ss I
39,831,552
3.4
43,903,250
3.8
( 1)
17,143
0. 1
129,207
0.0
3-5
4. 9
2. 9
9,7
5,9
1,471, 233
321,11 7
723,906
3, 383,699
947,546
10.3
6.5
5. 0
4,6
7. 8
1,336,543
263 , 653
1,279,914
851,062
140,847
9,4
5.3
2.9
9. 1
3. 7
( 2)
( 3)
1. 2
,.2
417,584
448,633
526, 762
2,001 ,576
353,182
2.s
( 5)
2.9
( 6)
0, 2
lj
32 , 229
0. 2
1 2, 952
11,892
132 , 725
0, 3
lj
o.3
14,670
20,036
o. 1
0. 2
579, 244
59,820
7. 4
0.1
189, 983
58,103
o. 4
o. 3
133, 207
o. 5
13,492
0, 2
ss I PP l
EBR ASKA
I
45, 339
6,889,554
4 5, 032
o.3
9.4
0,4
496,837
244,045
414,818
7,089,696
724,882
419,1 29
91 ,455
243, 781
1 ,3,4 , 529
837 ,3 66
3. 7
s.e
5,5
9. 9
3, 6
951,577
59,978
150,963
699,306
745,414
8, 4
5. 8
3,4
5, 2
3.2
429,024
140,261
495,282
812,863
2 , 735,760
3, 8
13,4
11.1
6,1
11 , 7
27,977
232 , 062
25,348
79, 601
1,624,859
0, 2
22.3
0.6
o .6
7,0
254,195
67,655
677, 534
779,4t.6
608,967
2,2
6,5
15,2
5,8
2.6
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
( 10)
( 11)
1,1
1, 0
0.1
o.6
98,452
4, 971,538
955,937
337, 684
475, 238
2.0
6,2
2, 1
4,3
e.3
726,598
2,985,042
2,346, 282
834,726
2, 403,689
14.7
873 , 297
418,777
59 , 173
82,283
247,334
2, 279,023
2, 739.325
20,1 62
720,599
s.o
2.9
6.2
0,3
4,9
1 59,592
2,222,861
1,200, 205
334,966
G~~ , -.,/0
3,3
2.e
2, 7
4.3
1.6
(12)
( 13)
( 14)
( 15)
( 16 )
3, 3
8,4
5. 3
2,7
1.a
z, 139,953
217,679
527,291
401,858
9,267,933
9. 6
2.6
18, 1
5, 1
18 .9
2, 002, ~97
12 7,328
8.9
1,5
74 , 046
464,681
1.0
0, 9
866,129
1,600,49 2
50 , 666
SB, 707
3, 265,038
3, 9
18, 7
1,7
o. 7
6, 7
1, 668, Q84
411,745
616, 031
1,71 8 , 003
190,986
3.8
1. 9
a.6
6e 8
4, 6
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
148,347
347,654
169,526
2,1 30,383
154,281
2.6
27. 9
6.0
5.9
2.e
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30 )
(31)
o. 7
6, 5
1. 0
3, 1
1.7
(32)
(33)
3
y
EW HAMPSH ' RE
20,288
o. 1
New MEX ICO
ricw YORK CJ TY
New YORK S TATE
( UCL, N, Y.
c,)
4, 1
1. 2
741,977
715, 526
153,518
208, 064
3,835,452
1,916,170
488, 325
229,546
242,032
103 , 635
4e4
2.2
3, 2
1, 0
2. s
2,903,622
1,458,905
623 , 294
570,414
100 , 773
6. 6
6, 6
8,8
2,3
2, 4
1,272,078
1,509 ,255
897,475
3,485, 714
567 , 079
2,9
6, 8
,2 . 6
13 . B
13. 6
1,500
176,678
286,112
928_.015
248, 678
0,8
4, 0
30 7
5, 9
195, 550
3,5
51 5,1 56
245 ,131
322,611
1, 754, 639
652,309
9, 1
19. 6
11.3
4e8
11,7
0 ,4
1,6
2,9
0, 2
5,3
4,2
6, 0
6,6
2,2
25, 025
45,743
1,046,130
11,214
298, 175
52 ,060
171,290
2,375, 040
119, 764
10,195
646,505
466,345
0 ,4
1. e
804
2.,
3,0
4, 5
o.3
1.9
26,381,268
3, 493,050
291,994
319, 037
3,628,256
22,5
4.9
3e2
9o3
3, 7
1,218,059
6,593 , 632
1,457,131
317,61 2
5,556,758
1.0
9,2
16,0
9.2
5. 7
3, 553,300
580,492
804,598
176,504
3,3 66, 912
3,0
o .e
5. 1
3.4
746,840
4,642,445
635,548
106 ,1 79
1 , 616,299
0, 1
6-9
OR T H DAKO TA
OH I O
5,901
161 , 427
0.2
0. 2
o .4
3.3
1, 4
o.s
2, 8
611,592
820,071
7, 636,763
639,213
802,635
2.1
10.5
6, 7
e, 1
e.2
1,896,189
293,884
3,430,648
969,532
1,181, 572
8.4
3, 7
3.o
12, 2
12, 0
3,152,389
174, 616
1,465, 253
493 , 487
1,33 2,449
13,9
2. 2
1.3
0.2
13, 6
835,621
381,981
4,335,523
184 , 921
1,824,569
3.7
4o9
3.8
2,3
1 e.5
(37)
(38)
(3 9 )
(40)
0 .1
87,017
261,484
1, 577 , 600
39,154
270,904
91,138
1,022,740
14,570
267 , 295
30, 536
2. 2
7,7
3. 7
1,4
402,51 0
677,618
1,089 ,726
890,049
13 5,037
9. 9
s .1
3,0
1 2,3
6, 2
830,865
1, 500, 811
1,601,373
443,023
305,996
20. 4
11,3
4e3
6. 1
14. 0
36,393
1,144, 508
2 , 941,189
799,499
0. 9
e. 6
8,0
11,1
252,511
83 5,929
805,898
383 ,475
10,538
60 2
6,3
2.2
5. 3
0,5
(42)
(43)
(44)
(45)
(46)
81,186
260,893
259,195
145,303
46,539
1 ,0
1, 5
1,6
0 ,5
1.0
584,954
965,435
323 , 270
2,2<1, 300
171,209
7 ,1
5,8
1, 9
7.3
5.e
806,351
965,383
393,764
2,742,154
218,315
9, 7
5,7
2.4
9 ,1
1.s
882,942
143, 538
1,351,on
26,232
74,1 76
10 , 6
0. 9
e.1
0 ,1
2. 5
895,511
955,333
251 ,537
394,660
107,820
10.e
5, 7
PENN~Y LVANIA
RHDDC ISLAND
7,742
S OU TH DAKOTA
2,336
lj
TEXAS
U TAH
17, 247
0,2
12,255
6,':157
o. 1
184,393
0,6
VERM ONT
VI RQINIA
WA SH I NG TON
lj
WEST VI RG INIA
'tJSOONSIN
INOUIN G
u
( 19 )
(2r,\
(21)
2,429, 465
2,147,434
405,8152
10,916
1,849,897
y
!J R~ GON
TENNESSEE
( 17)
(, e)
o. 1
0K LA H0YA
SOU TH CAROLI NA
lj
( 4)
10 1 , 100
24,053
NOR Tt1 C"1!0 LI NA
I
3. 7
5,3
10,5
16.5
e, o
3,121
10,465
199,807
328,155
617, 462
NE VADA
£\f JERS CY
!13)
6-6
Al ~E
\I ASS ACHUS ET
!J2 l
No,
77 , 256,241
i<ANSAS
\I ARV LANO
PERCO<T
1.2
IOWA
LOU I 81 ANA
11,i
0 0LLAA8
84,829,306
=ONN EC T I CU T
KC TUCICY
PERC0,1 T
2e4
DELAWARE
ILLI NOIS
IND I ANA
!JOI
LINE
Ml SC£L.LAN EOUS
HEALTH
28,1 96,405
2,198
IDA HO
DOLLARS
PCRCD<I
o.z
24,422
? I S TRI CT Of" CO LUMB IA
FLO RI DA
GCORGI A
SANITATION ANO
00008 PRO..CCT6
DOLLARS
PERCENT
1,845,415
CALl F'ORN A
COLORADO
SEWINO ANO Or HER
DOLLARS
ARI ZON A
ARKA NSA.S
£D UCAT I ONAL 1 PROF'E88 I ONAL AHO CLEA i CAL
lj
a.a
LESS THAN 0.05 PERCENT•
10 111(5 PA()GA(SS AOII INIS IRATI ON
16, 1936
IIARCH
1, 5
1.3
3. 7
(34)
(35 )
(36/
(4 I)
(47) I
(48)
(49)
(50) I
(51) I
112
TABLE
VALUE
or
14
PROJECTS APPROV[O FOR IPA BY TYPES ANO BY STATES
JANUARY 1 5, 1936
GRAND TOTAL
INE
o.
(1
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
l
DOL~ARS
(2)
PERCENT
(3)
HI GHlVAVS, RQAOS
ANO 5IREET6
PERCENT
DOLLAfjS
PuBLIC
BU I LO INGS
PARKS ANO PLAYGROUNDS
(<!)
(&)
DOLLARS
(6)
PERCENT
(7)
DOLLARS
(B)
P!fRCENT
(9)
FLOOD CONTROL AND
OTHER CONSERVATION
PERC§NT
DOL\;ARS
(10)
(11)
PUBLIC
UTILITIES
DOLLARS
(12)
PERCENT
(13)
TOTAL
4,579,358,8!!8
100.0
1,810,110,848
39.5
<1B7, 1<16,993
10.6
399,211,378
8.7
293,807,134
6.<I
<182,«3, 701
10.s
ALABAMA
!ll,~,789
14,6l3,695
'15,560,829
221,902,939
36,259,051
10000
10000
100.0
10000
10000
17,993,8715
'1,898,907
20,739,638
39,850,565
12,337,981
35. 1
33.5
63. 1
17o9
34.0
9,2-40,760
3,434,776
3, 79'4,961
22,351,759
'1,209,946
18.0
23o5
8.3
1001
1106
2,223,535
1,772,551
2,112,109
19,759,498
1, 703,0-40
<1.3
1201
<106
8 09
1,367, 1<12
1,463,<128
2,665,734
11,702,250
7,817,570
2o7
10.0
5o9
5.3
21,6
3,722,006
143,117
1,020,096
68,2<19,<161
1, 738,<165
7.3
1o0
2.2
30.8
<1.8
47,265,832
3,616,936
10,261,219
'17,001,191
59,~39,865
100.0
100o0
10000
100.0
100.0
19,398,625
1,125,928
996,396
17,920,947
20,688,173
38o9
31. 1
9.7
38. 1
34.7
3,003,392
233,282
1,733,901
8 1 879,916
10,359,764
603
6.<I
16.9
18.9
17.<I
2,899,77<1
235,995
2,132,405
2,409,120
2,515,172
601
605
20.0
5. 1
4.2
1,633,265
382,725
60,372
949,200
800,846
3o5
1006
0.6
2.0
1.3
7,028,322
534,<120
888,940
3,661,669
8 1 2<12,886
1<1o9
14 0 8
8.7
7.8
13.B
21,048,526
300,904,998
128,299,171
62,682,057
80,335,536
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7,923,960
96,426,177
58,228,511
27,802,587
33,451,687
37.6
32.0
45.4
44.4
41 .6
1,194, 15"
26,779 ,571
12,789,916
5,503,333
s, 107,453
5. 7
9.0
9.9
8.6
6.4
779,267
40,678,653
11,867,199
5,882,852
4,916,142
3.7
13.5
9.2
9.4
6. 1
7, n4,890
11,233,866
11,240,846
2,736,032
'1,611,121
36.7
3.7
808
4.4
508
561,686
62,565,132
9,290,183
5,934,644
21,384,256
2.6
20.0
7.2
9.5
26.6
100,325,966
61,905,063
123,902,717
32,886,260
177,468,037
100.0
100.0
100.0
100,0
100.0
60,510,240
20,923,448
35,275,410
11,698,841
77,684,979
60.3
33.8
28.5
3506
43 0 8
15,796,696
8,139,206
5,551,827
4,419,028
9,834,649
15.7
13. 1
405
13.4
5.5
2,290,311
18,279,187
15,360,054
2,040,521
8 1 655,805
2.3
29.6
12.3
602
4.9
1,118,481
3,031,302
155,259
556,074
4,666,892
1. 1
4.9
o .,
1.7
2.6
5,976,828
3,786,847
33,833,041
6,389,952
18,553,972
6.0
6. 1
27.3
19.4
10.s
137,945,019
103,798,718
59,834,325
96,590,323
26,300,925
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10000
65,065,652
48,132,323
24,811,530
37,901,903
11,089,850
47.2
46.3
41.5
39.2
42. 1
13,797,122
11,528,297
14,on,518
17,090,798
4,362,0<!4
10.0
11.2
23.5
17.7
1606
7,786, 100
11,187,406
1,393,605
6,312,818
1,662,947
5.6
1008
2.3
6.5
6.3
8,049,133
14,641,930
3,168,262
7,427,329
2,414,182
s.8
14. 1
5o3
7.7
9o2
16,573,852
3,473,487
1,496,729
12,450,920
1,007,336
12.0
3.4
2.5
12.9
3.8
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
15)
CALIF"ORNIA
COLORADO
7)
CONNECT I CUT
8)
DELAWARE
9)
10)
11)
DISTRICT OF" COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
IDAHO
ILLINO I 5
INDIANA
lo••
KANSAS
"· 7
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
KENTUCKY
LOUIS I ANA
MA I Nt:
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
NEBRASKA
34,927,463
2,931,925
17,284,970
125,730,178
20,624,182
100o0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16,483,129
752,619
5,265, 751
43,461,569
11,428,441
47.2
25o7
30.6
34.6
55.4
3,229,089
615,'408
855,192
11,898,757
3,420,114
9.2
21.0
4o9
9o5
16.6
1,884,013
337,154
2,476,880
21,767,756
820,061
5.,i
1105
14.3
17.3
4.0
1,348,539
102,676
921,806
2,915,410
1,423,873
3.9
3.5
5.3
2.3
609
4,922,697
47,447
2,231,746
10,102,738
546,385
14. 1
106
12.9
e.o
2.6
32)
NEW YORK CITV
354,142,254
NEW YORK (EXCL. N,Y.C.)470,805,028
NORTH CAROL I NA
61,225,628
NORTH DAKOTA
21,276,277
OHIO
277,800,266
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
69,964,300
277,221,100
19,316,337
12,'398 ,924
153,791,243
19 0 8
58.9
31.6
59.2
55.3
64,670,220
18,800,909
8 1 942,283
1,782,320
23,953,089
18.3
4.0
14.6
804
8.7
91,225,106
19,283,727
2,219,313
1, 71SS,27'1
18,278,553
25o7
4.1
3.6
8.3
6.6
2,78!1,493
22,942,925
2,704,444
'157,989
12,86-4,012
0.0
4.9
4.-4
2.2
... 6
25.938,382
45,058>886
2,535,121
-472,3-40
27,568,702
7.3
9.6
4o1
2.2
9.9
125,508,918
25,344,222
213,689,202
34,309,059
28,963,539
10000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44,525 ,472
12,40<!,359
11 5,237,017
15,828,571
6,572,662
35.5
-49.0
53.9
22.7
21,238,995
4,156,162
14,449,779
2,255,376
5,854,273
16.9
16.4
60 8
6.6
20.2
9,709,877
1,083/520
9,431,971
2,489,493
1,194,779
1.1
4.3
4.<I
1.3
4. 1
14,758,939
2, 10<!,<186
6,519, 10<!
723,995
2,078,019
11.0
80 3
3.1
2.1
7.2
8 1 917 1 694
728,802
11,443,313
2,450,208
736,948
7. 1
2.9
5.,i
7.1
2.5
15,178, 17<1
49,606,725
166,163,862
14,884,257
9,926,246
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7,478,093
22,464,669
68,889,382
2,671,302
5,084,763
49.3
45.3
41.5
11.9
51.2
1,935,431
6,874,<198
15,184,340
1,689,877
1,206,427
12.1
13.9
9. 1
11 o4
12. 1
532,231
1,168,129
6,688,525
561,928
409,360
3.5
2.4
<1.0
30 8
4. 1
912,226
609,157
36,0<!2,995
1,442,446
55,604
6.0
1.2
21. 7
9.7
o.6
487,119
1,092,608
7,973,605
3,621,257
1,297,832
3.2
2.2
408
24.3
13.1
100.0
100.0
10000
100.0
100.0
14,928,247
13,325,332
64,236,847
24,714,904
1,656,681
31.0
28.2
sa. 1
23.9
30.5
12,314,536
4,689,205
22, 775 1 8n
10,760, 762
486,952
25.5
9.9
2006
10.4
9.0
1,677,108
4,105, n9
1,538,555
21,388,100
315,183
3oS
0.1
734,245
8,482,838
1,576,876
14,359,450
545,497
1.5
17.9
3,254,809
3,645,518
1.4
IYOMING
48,157,339
47,287,272
110,628,344
103,239,310
5,<134,616
"· 193,439
14,040, 1-40
627,708
608
1.1
3.8
13.6
11.6
NATION IIDE
142,1131, 715
100.0
42,885,959
30.1
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
MARYLAND
MASSACHUSETTS
MONTANA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
N£W
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
-40)
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
41)
SOUTH CAROL INA
42)
SOUTH OAKOTA
TENNESSEE
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
48)
49)
50)
51)
52)
TEXA6
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
IE6T VIRGINIA
lt8CONSIN
46.1
(CONTINUED ON NEXT
1.4
20.7
5.8
13.9
10.0
PAC(}
eORl<S PROGRCSS ADIIINISIRAIION
16. 1936
~ .......
113
14
T A 8 L [
(CONCLUDED)
YALU( Of" PROJECTS APPROYEO F'OR IPA BY TYPES ANO BY STA TES
JANUARY
5TATE8
PIO
111
( 1)
ORAHD TOTAL
152,706,428
SEWING
PR0f"E811 I ONAL
TRAN6P£RTAT ION
,ERCENT
00LLAR6
(2)
SANITATION
[DUCAT IOHAL,
AIRPORTS
AND OTHER
II&
1 5, 1936
("3)
AND
DOLLARS
(4)
C~ERICAL
PERCENT
(5)
AND
Ml6CCLLANEOU6
AND
OTHER GOOD6
PERCEN T
DOLLARS
(61
{7)
LINE
HEA LTH
DOLLARS
{BJ
PERCENT
DOLLARS
(101
(9}
3.3
441,927,618
9.7
295,553,404
6.5
124,144,184
2.7
92,299,170
11.7
6.2
6.3
12.3
5 .7
2,955,252
343,584
1,117,117
553,319
615,422
s.e
2.3
2. 5
.2
1.7
435,174
486,865
371,975
1,<n6,213
1,096,049
PERCENT
No.
{11)
2. 1
( 1)
.a
( 2)
3,4
\ 3)
( 2)
ALA9AIIA
4,454,249
B.1
( 3)
ARIZONA
( 4)
( 5)
( 6)
AIIIIIINSAS
175,740
309,463
10, C>915,955
1,370,821
1.2
.7
4.B
30 8
2,908,800
997,700
2,569,568
19,503,475
3,294,620
5.6
6.8
5.6
9. 1
6,007,995
907,027
2,860, 1158
27,239,444
2,075,137
3,101,201
120,380
208,656
2,361,144
936,031
6.6
3.3
2.0
s.o
1.6
2,401,438
186 1 G16
1,431,130
3,350,448
4,197,304
5. 1
s.2
14.0
7. 1
7.0
4,296,964
724,953
1,982,487
4,385,383
7,592,790
9. 1
20.1
19.3
9.4
12.7
2,459,454
55,73'1
0
2, 191, 795
3, 697 ,155
s.2
1 .5
0
4.7
6.2
., 037 ,397
16,603
826,932
891,569
609,744
249,729
3,021,174
5,945,526
2,876,091
909,400
1 .2
1.0
4.6
3.B
10.9
4.9
7. 1
3.3
933,462
11,391,187
0,2e0,501
5, 149,801
5,842 , 396
4.4
3.8
6.5
B. 2
7.3
548,837
4,223,979
2,260,893
534,272
617 ,955
2.6
,.4
1.s
.9
.e
345,095
11,756,415
2,102,167
1,837,900
820,358
3.9
1.1
2.9
1. 1
797,446
32,828,844
6,285,329
4,424,545
2,674,758
,.o
(15)
(16)
331,092
82,515
892, 280
1,924,055
6,364,097
.3
•1
.7
5.9
3.6
4,983,484
4,058,468
1,415,856
2,563,206
14,097,136
s.o
6.6
1 •1
7.B
7.9
3,373,699
2,2eo,2n
3,331,919
2,646,254
20,304,328
3.4
3.7
2,7
B.O
11.4
4,721,032
882, 119
27,837,189
364,954
1, 876 ,663
4.7
1.4
22.5
1.1
1. 1
1, 224,103
442,694
250,782
283,375
15,429,516
1.2
.1
.3
.9
B.7
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
3,854, 896
2,191,985
1,689,730
1,330,807
423,513
2,8
2, 1
2,8
1 ,4
1.6
15,724,120
7,107,639
4,702,722
4,1 18,210
2,760,079
11,4
6,8
7.9
4,2
10,5
4,376,100
4,237,824
4,152,617
5,215,321
1, 860,844
3.2
4, 1
6, 9
5,4
7. 1
720,669
360,153
3,408,236
2,403,391
487,078
.5
.3
5. 7
2,5
1.9
1,997,375
927,674
939,316
2,338,826
233,952
1,5
.9
1,6
2.5
,9
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
1,626,710
383,050
21 1,479
12,442,864
54,052
4.7
13, 1
1,2
9.9
.3
2,988,673
304,577
1,132,658
12,459,362
810,287
8, 5
10,3
6.6
9,9
3. 9
1,686,308
348,941
3,574,611
7,566,815
969,572
4.8
302,580
.9
11,9
20.7
6.0
4-
4.7
410,665
1,266,849
967 ,325
1,0
4.7
455,726
40,053
204, 182
1,848,058
184,072
1.3
1.4
1. 1
1 .5
,9
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
(31)
20,629,613
16,027,812
2,554, 015
78,526
4,830,495
5.8
16,9
4,2
1.7
60,033,385
16,168,548
B,681, 717
2,257,4-05
18,935,102
10.6
6,8
12,329,064
33,382,051
B,920, 740
1,1H,,847
8,985,569
3.5
7, 1
14,6
5.2
3.2
4,506,600
3,445,336
3,793,475
266 ,444
2,432,947
1, 3
.7
6.2
1, 3
.9
2,060,091
18,573,734
1,558,183
477, 211
6,220,554
.6
3, 9
2.5
2.2
2.3
(32)
(33)
(34)
(35 )
(36)
1,696,640
2, 019,255
16,083,599
1,035,395
1,311,671
1 .3
8.o
7, 5
3,0
4,5
3,033,126
1,152, 637
18,261,217
1, 189,732
3,136,148
2.4
4.5
8,5
3,5
10 . 0
10,017,163
1,074,544
19,269,005
6,054,570
3,169,434
B.O
4.2
9.0
17.6
11 . o
9,701,493
481,153
1,291, 716
1,402,452
4 ,162 , 084
7. 7
1,9
,6
4, 1
14.4
1,909,519
139,304
1,702,481
879,267
746,721
1.6
.
.e
2.6
2.6
37 )
(38)
(39)
(40)
(41)
1,7
6.3
8. 1
4.5
18,3
2 , 229,031
5,624,768
10,927,327
856,518
,4
4,2
862,824
14,7
11,3
6. 6
5.8
8,7
58,828
5,078,812
10,270,31 1
3,4
956,025
4,033,309
7,580,712
2,731,048
417,053
430,885
409,803
684,442
82 , 308
256,015
2.8
.9
.5
.6
2,6
1.e
9.7
5,659,609
11.8
8,7
4,889,058
11,244,107
621,286
10.9
11 ,4
2,919,446
3, 761,071
5,043,872
2,823,513
583,722
6.,
4,121,840
5,361,107
296, 905
1, 747,191
548,402
221,040
99,745,756
69,9
( 7)
k el
CALll'ORNI A
COLORADO
CONNECT I CUT
DELAWARE
DISTRICT 01' COLU'19 1A
( 9)
~10) FLOR IDA
11) GCORO IA
12)
13)
14 )
(15)
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INOIANA
IOWA
16)
KANSAS
17)
18)
19)
LOU IS IANA
20)
UAR LANO
21)
22)
23)
24)
KEN TUCKY
Al NE
ASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
t,IINNESOTA
UISSISS I PPI
25)
MISSOURI
26)
MONTAN•
2 )
28)
(29)
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
E• HAYPSHI RE
30,
New JERSEY
(3 )
'E• ~EXI CO
321
NE• YORK Cl TY
33)
3'I
35)
36)
Ne• YOR~ {[XCLo N, Y.C.)
MRTH CAROL I NA
HoRTH DAKOTA
371
0KLAHO~A
OHIO
38) 0AEGON
39) PENNSYLVANIA
) RHODE ISL~O
411
SOUTH CAROL I NA
42)
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
43)
44)
TEXAS
45'
46
UTAH
47
48)
49)
VERMO NT
YIRGINIA
WAS HINGTON
IEST VIRGINIA
ll6CON S IN
so)
51)
WYOMIN G
52
NATION flOE
258,305
2,250,972
11,922,223
334,156
336,368
847,078
4,584,690
3,806,895
1,327,911
225,124
4.6
3,4
,4
4,5
1. 1
2,2
3.4
1.3
4. 1
a.a
3.4
14,2
4,4
0.0
•4.5
2. 1
10;1
893 ,4 17
4-
42 ,4
10 .2
6.2
6.0
4-
11,1
.6
1. 6
.6
4. 1
461,154
274,154
819,740
2,032,021
151,423
.a
.9
3.0
4.3
.5
e.o
1.9
, .2
,.1
.9
.6
.8
2.0
2.0
( 4)
( s)
( 6\
( 7)
( 8)
( 9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(42)
(43)
(44
(45
{46
(47
(48
(49
(50
(51
(52
•OAKS PAOORCSS AOIIINISIRAIION
IIAACH
16, 1936
@FedFRASER