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REPORT ON
PROGRESS OF
THE
WP A
PRO GR A·M
JUNE 30, 1941
FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
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FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
JOHN M. CARMODY, Administrator
REPORT ON
PROGRESS OF
THE WPA PROGRAM
JUNE 30, 1941
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
HOW ARD 0. HUNTER, Commissioner
CORRINGTON GILL, Assistant Commissioner
MALCOLM B, CATLIN, Director, Division of Statistics
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DEP(i)SITED BY THI!'
ONITED STATES OF AMERICA
APR27'42
PREFACE
The Work ProjC'cts Adrni11istration. n unit of the Federal Works
Agency since July 1. 19;39_ wns est,ablishPd in 1935 with the primary
objective of providing work for the unemployed on useful public
projects. Its activities in fulfilling this purpose during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1941 are revit•wed in this report.
The report contains special sections on the participation of the WPA
in the national defense program and on the vocational training activities that are carried on by the WPA. It also contains a historical
statement on lt>brislative provisions for the program. This statement
reviews provisions for thP eurrent (1942) fiscal year and compares
them with provisions for earlier years. The remainder of the report is
devoted to four sections that bring up to date previous statements
concerning employment. exp<'mlitures, accomplishments, and the
relationship of the WPA program to other public work and assistancC'
programs.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Review of the WP A Prognun. __________________________ _
1
Legislative Provisions for thl' WP A Program _____________ _
National Defense Work _________________________________ _
9
15
Vocational Training ____________________________________ _
29
Employment and Earnings ______________________________ _
37
Financial Summary ____________________________________ _
55
Project Activities ________________________ . _____________ _
64
Federal Work Prognuns nnd Pu blie As,-ist llW'I'
Appendix: Tables ___________________________________ _
83
93
V
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LIST OF TEXT TABLES
Pare
1. Average Number of Persons Employed on WPA Defense Projects Hubject to Legislative
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Exemptions and on Other Projects Designated as of Defense Importance, Monthly,
July 1940-,J une 194 L __ __ __ __ ___ _ _ _ __
_ __ ___ _ ___________________________ _
Number of Persons Employed on WP A Defense Projects Subject to Legislative Exemptions and on Other Projects Desig11ated as of Defense Importance, by Major Type of
Project and by Exemption Status, June 25, 1941- ___________________________ _
Selected Items of Physical Accomplishment on Defense Construction Projects Operated
by WPA, Cumulative through June 30, 1941_ ________________________________ _
Amount of WPA and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Defense Projects Subject to
Legislative Exemptions and on Other Projects Designated as of Defense Importance
Operated by WPA, by Major Type of Project, Year Ending June 30, 1941_ __ _
Number of WP A Workers Receiving Training Through the National Defense Vocational
Training Project, by Type of Course, June 25, 1941_ _________________________ _
Average Number of Persons Employed on WPA Projects, by Program, Month!~·.
August 1935-June 1941- __________________________________________________ _
Percentage Distribution of Persons Employed on Projects Operated by WPA, by Size
of Community, Quarterly, March 1938-June 1941_ ___________________________ _
]\umber of Assignments to and Separations from Employment on WPA Projects,
Monthly, July 1938-June 1941_ _____________________________________________ _
18
19
21
27
31
39
40
41
9. Average Number of Persons Employed on WPA Projects, by Agency, Selected Months,
June 1939-Junc 1941_ _____________________________________________________ _
43
JO_ Percentage Distribution of Persons Employed on Projects Operated by WPA, by
l\Iajor Type of Project, Selected Periods, March 1936--J une 194 L _______________ _
11. N1.1111ber of Persons Employed on Projects Operated by WPA, by Type of Project,
June 25, 1941 ___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ __________________________________________ _
12. Schedule of Monthly Earnings of WPA Project Wage Employees, Year Ending JunP
30, 194 L _________________________________________________________________ _
13. Number of Hours Worked on Projects Operated by WPA, by Major Type of Project,
Cumulative through and Year Ending June 30, 1941- _________________________ _
14. Percentage Distribution of Persons Employed on Projects Operated by WPA, by Wage
Class, Selected Periods, June 1936--June 1941_ ________________________________ _
15. Percentage Distribution of Perso11s Employed on Projects Operated by WPA, by
Type of Project and by Wage Class, June 25, 1941- ___________________________ _
Hi. Number of Women Employed on Project-5 Operated by WPA, Quarterly, December
1935-June 1941 _____________________ -------------------------------------li. ;\'umber of Certified Workers Employed 011 WPA Projects, by Age Group and by Sex,
April 30, 194 L ______________________________________________________ _
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
18. Percentage Di><t.ribution of WPA WorkPrs, by Age Group and by Sex, November 1937,
February 1939, and April 1941 _____________________________________________ _
19. Percl'ntage Dil<trib11tion of the Labor Force in the United States, by Age Group,
:\I arch 24-30. 1940 _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ ____________________________ . _________ _
20. Amount of Funds Available to WPA D11ri11g the Year Ending June 30, 1941, by So11rce
21. Amount of W l' A Funds Allocated to Other FPdPral Agencips for WPA Projects under
thl' EHA Act, Fiscal Year 1941, by AgPnc~·. through ,June 30, 1941- _________ _
22. Amount of WPA Funds Expended for Programs Operated by WPA and by Otlwr
Fl'deral Agencies. b~- FiHcal Year. through J11ne 30, 1941- ________________ _
23. Amount of WPA F11uds ExpP11dPd for ProgrnmH Operated by WPA and by OthN
Fe<ll'ral Agencies, b) Objl'ct of Exp1•11<lit11re, Year Ending Ju11e 30, 1941_ _______ _
52
53
55
56
57
57
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VIII
LIST OF TEXT TABLES
24. Amount of WPA Funds Expended for Programi- Operated by WPA and by Other
Federal Agencies, Monthly. July 1935-June 1941 _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __
25. Amount of WPA Funds Expended for Programs Operated by WPA aud by Other
Federal Agencies, Monthly, July 1940-J 1111e 194 L ___ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ __ _
26. Amount of WPA Funds Expended for Administration of WPA. by Object of Expenditure, Year Ending June 30, 1941______________________________________________
27. Amount of WP A and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projecti; Operated by WP A, by
Fiscal Year and by Source of Funds, throu11-h June 30. 1941_____________________
28. Amount of WPA and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WPA, by
Object of Expenditure and by Source of Funds. Year Ending June 30, 1941________
29. Amount of WPA and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WPA, by
Major Type of Project and by Source of Fundi,. Year;; Ending June 30, 1940 and
194 L _______________________________________ • ________________________ . ___ .
30. Highways, Roads, and Streets Constructed or Improved on Projects Operated by WPA.
Cumulative through June 30, 1941___________________________________________
31. Bridges, Culverts, and Other Road Appurtenance!' Constructed or Improved on
Projects Operated by WPA, Cumulative through ,June 30. 194 L _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ __ _
32. Number of School Buildings Constructed on Projects Operated by WPA, by Pupil
Capacity, Cumulative through June 30, 1941_____________ ____________________
33. Recreational Facilities Constructed or Improved on Projects Operated by WPA, Cumulative through June 30, 1941. ____ .. _ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _
34. Public Health Facilities Conl'tructed or Improved on Projects Operated by WPA,
Cumulative through June 30, 1941____________ __ _________________________
35. Accomplishments on Selected Types of Welfare Projects Operated by WPA, Cumulative through June 30, 1941_________________ ____ ___ ________________________
36. Conservation and Flood Control Activities on Projects Operated by WPA, Cumulative
through June 30, 1941_____________________________________________________
37. Number of Households and Persons Benefiting from Employment- on Federal Work
Programs and Public Assistance, Monthly, January 1933-June 1941______________
38. Amount of Earnings of Persons Employed on Federal Work Programs and Payments
to Recipients of Public Assistance, Monthly, January 1933-June 1941____ _ _
39. Number of Persons Employed on Federal Work and Construction Project-sand Number
of Recipients of Public Asi<i;.;tance, by Program. :\lonthly. July 1940-June 1941- _ - _
40. Ammmt of Earnings of Persons Emplo~•ed on Federal Work and C'on"lruetion Projects
and Pa~'menti, to Heeipients of Public AssistancP. hy Program, :\lonthly, July 1940June 1941_________________________________________________________________
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59
59
60
61
63
66
67
68
73
75
78
79
85
86
87
90
LIST OF CHARTS
Page
1. Percenta~e of WI'A Workers Employed on Defense Projects. July 1940-.June 1941_ _ __
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14 .
19
23
38
42
Airpor~-; Constructed or Improved by WP A, through June 30, 1941.
______ _____ _
Employment on WPA Projects, through June 1941 ________ ___ __
_ ________ __ __
Assignments and Separations in Employment on WPA Projects . July 1938-June 1941.
Hate of Assignments and Separations in Employment on WPA Projects, July 1938J une 1941 ______ __________________________ ___________ __ .
_________ . __ __ _
Percent.age Distribut.ion of WPA Workers, by Age Groups, April 1941 and February
1939 ____ ______ __ __________ __ ___ __ ______ ___ ______ __ ____ _____ __________ __ __ _
WPA Expenditures, July 1935-June 1941_ _________ ___ __ __ ___ ______ _________ __ __ _
Distribution of WPA Expenditures, by Object of Expenditure, Year Ending June 30,
1941 __________ ____ __ _____________________ __ - ----· ---------------------- - - WPA and Sponsors' Expenditures on Projects Operated by WPA, by Fiscal Year and
by Source of Funds, through June 30, 1941_ ______ _ ---- -- ---- ----------- -- - --WPA and Sponsors' Expenditures on Projects Operated by WPA, by Type of Project.
Year Ending June 30, 1941_ ________________________________________________ _
Educational Buildings Constructed or Improved by WPA, Cumulative through June
30, 194 L ________ _. ___ ____ ___ __ _____________ . ____ _____ .. - . __ .. _. _- - - - - - - - - - Lunches Served on WPA School Lunch Projects, Year Ending June 30, 194 L ______ .
HouSPholds and Persons He rll'fiting from Employment on Federal Work Programs
and Public A!>sistance, January 1933-June 194 L ____ _______ ____ ___ _______ ____ _ _
HC>dpients of Federal Work Program Employment and Public A,;1-istanc.-e. b~· Program.
July 1935-J une 194 L ______ ___ . _________________ . ________ . _ _ ______________ _
42
53
58
59
60
62
69
78
84
89
IX
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REVIEW OF THE WPA PROGRAM
OLLOWING
the basic policy adopted a.t the
time of its initiation in 1935, the Work
F
Projects Administration continued during the
fiscal year 1941 to provide jobs on useful public
projects for large numbers of unemployed men
and women. In carrying out this primary
function the WPA, which has been a unit of the
Federal Works Agency since July 1, 1939, has
utilized the labor of millions of unemployed
workers for the construction of public facilities
and the provision of services needed by communities all over the country. It has also
utilized pa.rt of this idle manpower to construct airports, highways, and facilities at mili. tary and naval establishments and to carry out
other undertakings that a.re of direct value in
the defense of the Nation. At the end of the
1941 fiscal year, nearly a third of the WPA
program was devoted to defense activities.
Local participation has always been a.n integral part of the WPA program. The sel(•ction
of the unemployed workers for whom jobs a.re
to be provided is largely the responsibility of
the local public relief agencies, which investigate
and rPfer to the WPA the workers who are in
ne<'d. The kinds of projects on which WPA
workers ar<' employed are also d<'termined to a
considerable extmt by the localities; local and
state agnnci<'s plan and sponsor the great majority of WPA projects, take an active part in
their opt>mtion, and pay a large share of the
project costs.
Most communities in a.II s<'ctions of the country have partieipat~d in the WPA program and
have thus added in varying degr<'es to th<'ir
public facilities and services. At the same
time they have given local unemployed workers
an opportunity to earn the basic necessities for
themselves and their families. The wages
received on WPA projects range from $31 to
$95 a. month, as provided by an established
schedule of earnings varied according to differences in the cost of living in various sections
of the country and in the degree of skill required for the job to which the worker is
assigned.
During the 1941 fiscal year the WPA program
was operated on a. smaller scale than in any
previous yeal". The number of workers who
had WPA jobs in 1941 averaged 1,700,000.
This figure represents a reduction of about 17
percent from the 1940 average and of nearly
44 percent from that of the 1939 fiscal year,
when the program was at its height.
Provisions made for continuing the WPA
program through the fiscal year 1942 contemplate a further reduction in the level of operations. The appropriation for 1942 amounted
to $875,000,000. This is the smallest annual
appropriation that has ever been made to the
WPA, and represC'nts only a small percentage
of th<' $2,250,000,000 appropriated for the fiscal
year 1939. The 1942 appropriation provides
for <'mployment of an avnage of about 1,000,000
workers, as compared with the 1939 average of
mor<' than 3,000,000.
WPA Defense Work
WPA activities, like those of many other
agencies of the Ft>dC'ral Government, were
geared to the objectives of national defense
1
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REPORT OF PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
during the 1941 fiscal year. D efensr work,
however , represented no mnrked departure from
the reg ular scope of WPA activities; rather, it
represented an intensification of ce rtain kinds
of WPA work, and was carried on within the
existing administrative framework without n ecessitating a.n increase in the administrative
staff .
The Congress, in providing for continuntion
of the WPA program during the 1941 fi scal
year, facilitated the WP A's part.icipn tion in the
national defense effort. It authorized the
exempt ion of proj ects certifi ed by the Secretary
of War or the Secretary of the Navy from cert.uin of the statutory restrictions usually governing proj ect operations. It provided that as
much as $50,000,000 of the funds appropriated
to the WPA might be used t-0 defray nonlabor
costs of certified defense projects over n.nd above
the usual allowance of WP A funds for nonlabor
purposes. In addition, Congress authorized
the WPA to undertn.k e projects to t.ra,in workers
in manual occupntions required by industries
producing for the nn,tional defense.
The details of the role that the WP A was to
play in the national defense program were
largely determin ed by the War and Navy
D epartments. These agencies not only indicated the kinds of proj ects that they conside red
most important for defense purposes but also
specified many sites at which such work should
be carried on. Projects thn.t these agencies
hav e certifi ed as in1portant for military or nnn1J
purposes have been given preference in operation to speed their completion.
Proj ects for the construction and improYe ment of facilities at military and naval establishments, where the thousands of men cull ed
to the armed forces receive training, are prominent among those designated as important to
the national defense program. Much of t h e
WPA work has involved the renovation and
enla,r gement of fa cilities at old military nnd
naval reservations that had been unused fo1·
This sea wall and landscaping were completed as part of an extensive WPA project
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REHEW OF THE WPA PROGRAM
years. ProjE'<'t workrrs have nlso transformed
lurge tracts of woodland nnd other undeveloped
land into new military training centers. At
both old and new rt>servations, WPA workers
hn ve cleared hundreds of acres of land for the
construction or enlargi>ment of maneuver
grounds, landing fields, and target rangPs.
They have installed sewer, water, power, and
otlwr utility lines; built athletic fil'lds; and
<"onstructed or improved many other facilitit•s,
including large numbers of buildings such as
nwss halls, officers' quart<•1-s, hospitals, barracks, storage buildings, and maintenance shops.
To strengthen faciliti<•s for aerial defense, the
WPA in 1941 greatly expanded the work it had
bt•Pn doing during the preceding years to
extend and improve thP national airport network. As a result of the increased emphasis
placed on airport work the number of workers
t•mployed on such projects more than trebled
during the course of the year, in spite of the
gt>nt>ral downward trend of total program employment. The work included the continut>d
development of civil as well as military and
naval airports. Many airport runways were
extended to lengths adequate for the landing of
swift military aircraft. Extensive improvements were made to both landing fields and
fn<'ilities at military and naval air bast's, and
sprf'ial types of facilities, such as air bombing
fit>lds, were developed. Civil airports were also
built, improVt•d, or enlarged to facilitate the
movement of aircraft across the country and
the concentration of planes in strategic areas.
\>VPA work that is considen•d important for
military and naval purpost>s includes the building and improvement of access roads to military
nnd naval resprvations and defense industrial
cmters as well as of strategic roads that fonn
part of the national highway network. It also
includes many activities outside the construction field, such as clerical and research work for
the Army, Navy, and otht>r dl'ft•nse agencies,
and the provision of educational, cultural, and
recr<>ational s<•rvices for both military and industrial rentPrs.
Among the dPfense activities undertaken by
the WPA during the fiscal year 1941 was a
project for the truining of quulifiC'd persons for
manual or1·11patio11s required in industries
producing for ddensl' purposes. Through this
project, rt>fn•sher courses were offered for
WPA worke1-s aln•ady possessing skills needed
in defense production, and basic training
courses were provided fo,.· those qualified to
learn new skills. Nearly 35,000 persons were
in training at the end of the year, and about
84,000 other workers had been eru-olled during
the prec1•ding months. About three-fourths of
the latter group lt>ft the project voluntarily,
most of them for private employment.
Project Activities and Accomplishments
The kinds of work that have been undertaken
through WPA projects reflect the varying needs
of local communities in all parts o{ the country
for public facilitiPs and services. That the
projects rpflect these community requirements
is assured by the fact that local public agencies
plan, propose, and sponsor most of the projects,
as well as takt• an active part in their prosecution and pay a considerabl<' share of the project
expenses. In the actual initiation of projects,
a further consideration is the occupational
backgrounds of the workers eligible for WPA
employment.
Although WP A participatjon in the national
defense program has increased the emphasis
placed on sonw kinds of work, notably airport
devdopment, it has not materially altered the
relative importance of the major types of
projects. Work on highways, roads, and streets
continued to provide jobs for the largest share
of the WPA workl'I-S, as it has since the beginning of the program. At th!' end_of June 1941
about 36 perc<•nt of the project employees were
engaged in work of this type. Nearly 10 percent of the worke1-s were employed on projects
for the construction or improvement of public
buildings and 9 percent on projects for the
ext1•nsion nnd improvement of sewer 11.nd watPr
systems and other publicly owned or operated
utilitil's. The numbers of workers engaged in
airport and airway work increased considl•rably
during tlw yt•ar, and at the end of June 1941
these projects accounted for more than 5 percent of the tot.al employment. RelativPly
smaller numbers of pP1-sons wPr!' PmployPd on
construction proj1•<·ts invoh·i11g consPrvntion
work 1tnd work uu recreational fociliti<>s other
than buildings.
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
WPA projects con-ring activities outside the
construction field accounted for considerably
more than one-fourth of the total employment.
Through these projects were provided a wide
variety of community services that are important to the public welfare, such as literacy,
naturalization, and adult education classes;
nursery schools for preschool children from lowincome families; school lunches; direct medical
and health services for persons who could not.
otherwisl' nfford them: thP making of garmPnts
and other articles in sewing rooms for distribution t-0 needy families and public institutions;
and clerical, research, and professional nssistance to many local governmental agencies.
A considerable part of this work, which provides jobs for unemployed technical, professional, and clerical workers who have been
certified as in need, is also an import.ant contribution to the national defense effort. Another major activity was the national defense
vocational training project through which
workers were trained in occupations required
in dPfense industries.
The work performed by WPA employees on
the many kinds of projects undnto.ken at the
request of project.. sponsors has resulted in a
wide variety of useful public improvements and
public services. Much of this work is important to the national defense.
AccomplishmPnts in the fiPlds of transportation and communication have been particularly
ext<'nsivl'. In thl' course of tlw six Y<'llrs Pnd-
One of the thousands of stone brid9es built b ~ A workers
ing with June 1941, WPA workers completRd
thl' construction or improvement of more tlian
600,000 miles of roads. ThP greater pa.T't of
this mileage represents work on roads in rural
areas. Many of these a.re farm-to-market roads
giving farmers all-weather access to markets,
schools, and shopping centers. Some of them
a.re access roads to military and naval reservations and to centers of defense industry.
Thousands of miles of city streets that have
been built or improved to meet the needs of
heavy modern motor traffic are also included.
In connection with the highway work, about
117,000 bridges of wood, steel, or masonry
were built or improved, nearly 1,000,000 new
culverts were installed, and other appurtenant
highway facilities were completed.
Both civil and military aviation have been
facilitated by WPA project accomplishments.
These include the construction of 220 new
landing fields and the improvement or enlargement of nearly twice that number. WPA
workers also constructed nrarly 500 miles of
new airport runways; built largP numbers of
airport buildings, including hangars, administration buildings, and maint<'nance shops; and
completed many to.xi strips, aprons, turning
circles, and otlll'r airport and airway improvements. The airport improvement work has
been carried on at a total of 760 sites during
the six-year period.
Among the outstanding accomplishments of
\VPA workt•rs is the construction or improvemeu t of about 110,000 public buildings of all
types. Thousands of schooh havr been built
or modernized to reduce overcrowding and unsafe conditions, and similar work on larg«:> n11mbers of auditoriums, gymnasiums, and other
kinds of structu~es for conununity US<' has bPrll
complt•t('(l, as well as the construetion or improvemPn t of many buildi.J1g-s at military and
naval <>sto.blishnwnts. Thousands of parks,
playgrounds, nthletic fields, swimming and
wading pools, and other recrc>ationa.l facilities
have also bPl'll constmctc>d.
WPA projc>cts have resulted in the extension
of public educational and rl•crc>ational servicPs.
These include naturalization, litc•racy, and
gmeral adult educe tion classes, in which hundreds of thousands of persons have been enrolled, and the provision of leadership for
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REVIEW OF THE WPA PROGRAM
Combination high and grade school built by WPA workers; it contains a 9ymnosium-auditorium as well as 12 class rooms
public n•cn' ational activitit•s in which larg(•
1111mb<•rs of children and adu lts have taken
a.n active pa.rt.
Improvements in public utility systems and
in public lwa.lth and sanitation fa cili ties repreSl'nt. another kind of commun ity n eed that h as
led local sponsors to initiate WPA proj ects.
Among t he mnny accomplishm ents in th is fi eld
are the in tallation of more than 14,000 miles
of r>ew water lines and nearly 22,000 m iles of
new sto rm and san itary sewers, and the constru etion of more than 2,000 n ew utility plants.
Employment in the Fiscal Year 1941
T he avc•rag(' number of persons rmployed on
WPA proj<•cts ra.nged from l ,890,000 to 1,410,000 during th e various mont hs of l 941 and
was 1,700,000 for the fiscal year as a whole.
Th ese mont hly av erug<·s includ e bo t h p ersons
working on projects operated by t h e WPA and
those employed on proj ects operated by oth er
Federal ngrnc ic•s with allocations of WPA fund s.
Persons emp loyed on projects operated by other
agc:nciPs, however, averaged only abou t 3 pereent of t hr total number of work ers t hat
were paid wit h WPA fund s.
With t lH' growing ernphasi on national defrn sr, t,he rrlative numbr r of WPA wo rkers
part i<" ipnting direetly in t his dfo rt increased
steadi ly t h roughout t he year. By June 1941 ,
a.bout 30 prree nt of th e total em ploy m en t was
on defe 11se p rojects. \ lost of th e 419,000
persons engaged in defrnse work were employed on proj ects operated by the WPA;
about 19,000,. however , wen• working on projects operated by other Federal agencies.
In general, WPA employment has been adjusted to un employ m ent conditions, but monthto-month changes have reflected t he usual seasonnl variations in the ,wed for jobs and assistn nce. In t he first month of t he 194 1 fi scal
year an a verage of about 1,655,000 persons had
proj ec t jobs. After slight i11creasPs in t he late
summ er and early autumn, av erage mon t hly
employm ent rose more rapid ly during th e win t er
m onths and renched the year 's pPak of 1,890,000
in Janua1·y 194 1. The curtnilm ent in the next
t wo months was gradua l, but by April t he average had brr n reduced to 1,6 10,000 and by June
only abo ut 1,410,000 p ersons were working on
WPA proj ects. This rnpid spring declim• n •fl ects not only seaso nal incrt>a st•s in private
employment bu t also t he gp11eral busim•ss improYr nwnt resulting from t lw defense program
and th e lirnitntions on fund s available for
operati on of the \VPA program .
Although industrial produ ction and private
employnwnt impro ,·ed rapid ly d uring t he 1941
fi scal yPar, lnrg1• numbC' rs of workers con ti nued
to be unrmplo_ved. 1 It wa s <·s tirnuted by t he
AccordmJl to ,am pl,--. stun•~~ c·rnulw·1,,t1 h} th r \\' PA (:-.t•t• footnote
J>. :l7 J about ,'),U(XU M)() (W r!-lon s were unemployed in June 1941 as co m pared wit h .flOO ,ooo in J mw or 1be pre, ious yrH r .
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
WP A workers have built thousands of miles of curbs and
gutters and many other highway improvements
state WPA administrations and the public
wPlfare agencies responsible for determining
whether applicants are in need, that at
the end of the year there were more than
1,000,000 persons eligible for WPA jobs who
could not be employed with available funds.
The improvements in business and employmPnt conditions that occurred during 1941 were
unevenly distributed among the various sections of the country. During the course of
the year, private employment increased by
about a fifth in half a dozen states along the
eastern sc>aboard, but improved only slightly
in some of the inland states. Similarly, the rise
in employment amountt-d to as much as 50
pPrcent in a few cities that are centers of defensP industrial production, but was negligible
in others where there was little d(•fcnse activity.
Furtlwrmorl', even in dl'fPnse cPnters the improved C'onditions tc-nded to affect some occupational groups much more favorably than
they did others.
The state distribution of WPA Pmployment
has reflected thesp dinrgt>nt tn•nds in employmPnt and nePd. In C'ontrnst to the national
dP<·li,w of 21 percPnt hPtween Jmw 1940 and
1941, the reductions in numlwrs of persons
employed on \\'PA projPcts amountPd to more
than a third in fivp eastl'm statPs and to more
than a fourth in 12 other statl•s, most of them
prP<lominnntly industrial. On the othn hand,
rPductions madP in the agricultural stall's of
tlw South and l\liddlP 'WPst WPrP much smaller
th1111 thP dt>1·li11e in tlw national nn•ragP.
A high rate of labor turnover has always
been characteristic of the WPA program.
Thousands of workers haVP left project jobs
each month to obtain private l'lnployment,
and other workers whose resources have been
exhausted through unemployment have been
added to the program. As a result of this
turnover, more than 8,000,000 different workers
have had WPA jobs at one time or another
during the six years that the program has bet>n
in operation. Many of them are now employed
in defense industries where the skills and work
habits conserved through WPA employment
arP being utilized in the defense effort.
Labor turnover during the 1941 fiscal year
was marked by an unusually large volume of
voluntary separations, most of which represented workers who had obtained jobs in
private industry. Total separations during
June represented about one-fourth of employment at the beginning of the month, and the
separations rate during the year as a whole
averaged about 14 percent, as compared with
an assignment rate of less than 12 pe:rcent.
The millions of workers who have had WPA
jobs at one time or another during the six years
since the program began constitute a cross
section of the Nation's total labor force.
They include men and women from practically
every occupational group and with a wide
variety of educational backgrounds. N (•arly
all of them had been certifit>d as in nePd by
local public relief agencies before th(•y were
assigned to WPA jobs. They include workers
of all ages from 18 years upward. ThP average
age of WPA workers in April 1941, howPVPr,
was nearly 43 ypars, as compared with 36 years
for the labor force as a whole.
A number of other public progrnms besides
the WPA providt>d work for the unemployed
during the fiscal year I 941. :\'!any young
pp1-sons wen· Pmployed on the out-of-school and
student work programs of the National Youth
Administration or were enrolled in the Civilian
Conservation Corps. In addition, work and
construction projects of the Public Works
Administration and other Federal agencies
employed a small number of workers. The
WPA, howenr, continued to provide the
larg1•st share of the jobs, as it has in thP past.
Assistance was extended, through the s1wcial
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REYIEW OF THE WPA PROGRAM
a ssistan ce programs in wh ich the Social Security
Board participates, to three large groups of
p e rsons who are unable to work- the aged , th e
blind , and dependent children. Furthermore,
through state and local geneml relief programs,
assistance was given to n eedy person s who for
various reasons were not uided under the
programs m which the Federal Governm ent
parti c ipates. In some areas general relief is
also given to those who receive insufficient aid
unde r such programs to meet their minimum
r equirements. Subsistence grants were mad e
to n eedy farm famili es by the Fann Security
Administrution. It is estimated that in June
1941 an unduplicnted total of about 4,689,000
households, including I 2,364,000 persons, receiYed employm ent on Federal work progrnms
or som e form of public relief.
Financing the Program
To finan ce WPA activities during the fi scal
year 1941 , Congress mad e available to the '".PA
a total of about $1,381,000,000. Of this
amount, $975,650,000 was appropriated in the
Emergency R elief Appropriation Act, fi sc al
y ear 1941, and $375,000,000 in th e U rgent
Deficiency Appropri a tion Act (P ublic Lnw
This settling basin for
the filtration plant
at a large military
reservation was built
by WP A workers
~3 '.!, 10° -42-
No. 9, 77th Congress) approved on March 1,
1941. The remaind er represents unobligated
balunces of funds from earlier acts that were
reappropriated to the WP A.
Exp enditures of WPA funds (in terms of
ch ecks issu ed by the United States Treasw-y)
amounted to $1,326,000,000 during the year.
Most of this amount ($1,285,000,000) was spent
for program activiti es opernted directly by
the WPA, and the remaind er was used by other
Federal agencies for the proj ects that they
und ertook with the aid of WPA fund s. Nearly
$325,000,000, or about one-fourth of the total
for all purposes, was expend ed for d efense
proj ects.
Most of the expenditures from WPA funds
were made to pay the wages of proj ect workers.
Th ese labor costs accounted for 87 p ercent of
the total F ed eral exp enditures during the year.
Project nonlabor costs r epresented only 9 percent of the total. This p ercentage is only
slightly larger than that for the preceding
year, d espite the special authorization made
in the 1941 act to permit larger expenditures
for the nonlabor costs of certifi ed defense
proj ects than are normally allowed for nonlabor
purposes. Th e proportion of \VPA ex penditures m nd e fo r adminis trativ e purposes, which
2
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8
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
might have been expect,ed to incrensP in vipw
of the drastic reductions in employmmt and
the inflexibility of certain kinds of overhN1d
costs, remained at the same figure as in the preceding fiscal year-3.6 percent of the total.
The small remainder of the expenditures represented the payment of property damage
claims.
Sponsors of WPA projects have always carried a considerable share of the project costs.
During the fiscal year 1941, project sponsors
spPI1t a tot.al of nearly $547,900,000 in the ope.ration of WPA projects. This amount, which
represPnts about 31 percent of the total expenditlll'PS for projects operated by the WPA, is
more than sponsors had contributed in any
previous year of the program, in spite of the
faet that WPA expenditures on the whole were
smn.ller than at any time since the first year of
tht> WPA program.
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LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS FOR
THE WPA PROGRAM
Projects Administration dniwf- its
TbasicWork
authority from acts of Congress approHE
priating funds for emergPncy relief. The agency
was established by an executive order issued
May 6, 1935, under authority of the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act of 1935. Congress
has specifically provided for the continuance of
the Work Projects Administration and has laid
down requirements and limitations governing
its program operations.
Authority for activities during the year ending June 30, 1942, is provided in the Emergency
Relief Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1942. This
is the seventh major statute under which the
WPA has operated. Each of these acts has embodied changes in provisions concerning the
operation of the WPA program and in the
amounts of funds appropriated. 1 In addition to
the major acts, five deficiency appropriation bills
have been approved, some of which amended or
added to the provisions of the basic ERA acts. 2
The ERA Act of the fiscal year 1942 is essentially like that for the preceding year (which is
discussed in detail in the Reporl on Progress of
the l-VPA Program, June 30, 1940). The chief
difference between the two li~s in the amount
of money appropriated to the WP A, which was
about 35 percent less in the 1942 act than in the
1 The first act under which the WP A operated was the Emer~en<-y
Relief Appropriation Ac-t or 19:ir,, approwd April "· rn:~. The suhS<-•
Quent major acts were:· The ERA Ac·! of !92t,. Jun,• 22. 1~3t.: 1h1· 1':RA
Act of 1937, June 21J. IV:J7: the ERA A,·t of 19:n,. June 21. IV3~: the ER.-\
Act ol 1939. June 30. 19:m; the EHA AC'!. fiscal year 1!141, June :IG, !!140:
and the ERA Act, fiscal year 1!142, July I, 1941.
1941 acts. This large reduction was based on
the expectation of continued improvement in
employment conditions because of the national
defense program.
Amount of Funds
The 1942 ERA Act made a direct appropriation to the WPA of $875,000,000, together with
unobligated balances of funds available under
the previous year's appropriation. This is the
smallest annual appropriation that has ever
been made to the WPA. It is designed to provide employment for an average of 1,000,000
persons during a year when unemployment is
expected to drop to the lowest level since the
agency was established.
Direct appropriations of specific amounts
have been made to the WPA beginning with the
fiscal year 1939. In the fiscal years 1936, 1937,
and 1938, funds for relief and work relief purposes were appropriated in a lump sum to the
President, who allocated them to the WPA and
2 The flve detleiency appro11riations were made in t.he followiug acts:
The First Deficiency Appropriation Act, fiseai year 1937, approved
February 9, IY37; Public Resolution No. 80, 75th Congress. March Z,
19;111; Public Resolution No. I. 76th Con~ress, February 4. 1939: Public
Resolution No. 10, 76th Con1tres.s, April 13. 111:rn: and the Urgent Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1941 (Public Law No. 9, 77th Congress),
March I, 11141.
In addition to the appropriation acts, several other act.s of Contrress
have affected the organi7.atiou of WPA and the condurt of it8 pro,zram.
Reorj!anization J'lan No. 1, prt•Jlare<l by the President in sccortlauce
with the Reorganization Act of rna'J. incc•rpornt1~d !lit' "'PA in the nt·w
Federal Works Agmcy (July I. 19:111). Other legislation has pertained
to the use of \\'PA fund~ for designated purposes or thr transfer of\\' PA
funds to other Federal af,{cndes.
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGR.-\M
certain other Federal agencies that were engaged in public relief or work programs.
Another fairly recent devdopment is the
policy of placing statutory limitations on the
administrative expenditures of the WPA. The
ERA Act of 1939 and subsequent acts specified
the actual amount that could be used for this
purpose. The amount specified has varied with
the size of the appropriation, but the administrative limitation has averaged around 4 percent of the total appropriation. The ERA Acts
of 1937 and 1938 specified that not more than
5 percent of the total amount allocated or appropriated to the WPA could be used for administrative purposes. In the acts of 1935 and
1936 no specific reference was made to the
amount or percentage allowable for administrative expenses. Administrative expenditures for
the program during the periods to which these
acts applied, however, amounted to about 5
percent and 4 percent, respectively, of total
WPA expenditures.
The ERA Act, fiscal year 1942, limits administrative expenses of the WPA to $35,466,000.
This represents a reduction of some $9,000,000
from the administrative allowance for the preceding year. Limits are also placC'd on the
amounts that may be spent for specific administrative purposes, as follows: salaries,
$29,016,000; communication snvice, $,500,000;
travel, $2,800,000; and printing and binding,
$300,000.
In addition to appropriating funds to the
WPA, the 1942 ERA Act also made funds
available to thrl'e other FedPral agt>ncies for
t•xp1•nst>s they incur in connPction with the
WPA program. The GPneral Accounting Office
recPived $ I ,400,000, the Treasury DPpartment
$6,005,000, and the UnitPd StatPs EmployPes'
Compt>11sation Commission $3,500,000. Non!'
of th(• funds for the GPnPl"lll Accounting Offict>
or for tlw Tn•nsury Department may bl• usPd
for thP co1111wnsntion of 1w1-so11s Pngngwl in tht>
rt>g11lnr work of tlw rPsJwct ive agPIH"iPs unlPss
offst'! t i11g work occnsiorwd by \\"PA opprat io11s
is 1wrfornwd hy t•mplo_F•1•s paid from regular
fu11ds of the ag<'nei1•s. Tlw act of 1942 also
authorizPs the Commissioner of '\York ProjPets
to nllocnte up to $,5i6,000 to other FPdPrnl
ngPrH"iPs for adrninist rntiv1• PXJH'llSPS incurrt•d
i11 tlw plmrning nnd revi1•wi11g of WPA projPcts.
In addition, an appropriation of $25,000,000
was made to the Secretary of Agriculture for
the surplus commodities program.
Types of Projects
All of the ERA ads have specified the types
of projects for which appropriated funds might
be used. The ·principal types have remained
unchanged, but some additions have been made
from year to year. The act of 1942 authorizt•s
tht> WPA to operate all the types of projects
specified in previous acts, 3 including projects
for the training of workers for manual occupations in industries engaged in production for
national defense purposes. This type of project was first authorized in the Second Deficiency Appropriation Act, 1940, approved June
27, 1940. It extends WPA activities into a
field that is particularly important in t<'rms of
both the labor ,weds of defense industries and
the return of WPA workers to private employment.
Certain types of projects are specifically declared ineligible in the 1942 act, as they wPrc
in some of the earlier acts. No theater project
or project sponsored solely by the WPA may
be operated. WPA funds may not be used for
the establishment or expansion of mills or fa.ctoriC's which produce articles for sale in competition with existing industry; for the manufacture, construction, or purchase of naval
VPssds, armaments, or munitions for military
1 St.•ction l (b) contains lht• followin)! list of rlhdhle projt_,('t t~·JH'"S:
"lhi.:hways. roads. an,i stret•ts; 1mhli<· huildinJ!s: parks, and otht•r rccrnational fe.cilities. inC'ludinl! huildirurs ther<'in: JJUhlic- utilitil's: elt•ctric
t nmsmi:-.sion and distrihution lines nr systPms to sf'n·r J){'rsom• in rural
an•as. ineluding projects :--po11sort.•d by and for thP heneflt: of nonprofit
and coopl'ratin~ as...;uciutions; sewer systems, water supply, and purification systt•ms: airports and othrr trnnsportation facilitirs; fllC'ilitie:- for
the rrainin~ or per:--onnel in tlJP operations and maintenance of Rir navi!ZRtiou and landing area facilities: flood control: drainfl.f!e; irrit(ation. includinK projeet~ -.ponsorrd hy nonprofit irrigation com11anies or non11rof1t irrillttti,m a.-.;:--ociaTi•,n~ or~rn.11i1ed and operatinJ,! for community
ht•netlt; watt,r consprvation: soil con!--C'n·ation includinl( projects 8pon:-ored hy soil c·onSPrn1tinn districts und other bodies duly ort,?anized
under Stahl law for .•.oil erosion control and soil conservation, preference
heinli! c-i\'en to prnjt~·ts whieh will contrihut.e to the rehahilitation of
indidrtuab ami an in,·n•a~ in the national inroml'; forestation. rrforc.~tarinn, and othl'r im11ro,·eme11t-. of forest are~. incluctin~ the e.stahlishmrnt of flrt• l.inr~: fish. 1te.me. arn1 other wildlife con~rvatinn: era(licatio11 nC i11:--ect, plant. and furu.ms Jlt'Sts; the JJrnduction or lime and marl
for fertili1.inJ:" !_,ljoil for di~trihution to farmers under such conditions as
mar ht> determined hy the sponsors of ~uch Jlroject~ under the provisions
or ~tatP luw; ed11C'ntional. professimrnt. rltlricHI. C'lllturnl. recreational,
pro,tuction. and serd,•p proj(-ets, ineltHlinK traininl! for manual occ•upation~ in intl11:-;1rie:-: l'tunlJ.:.t•cl in pro<lurtion for national-defense purposes,
for nursin'! nnd for domestic service: aid to ~elf-help and cooperntivt• a..~~
riRtion, for the b~neHt of needy persons, and miscellaneou~ proJert~."
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11
LEGISLATlYE PROYISIONS FOR THE WPA PROGRAM
or naval forces; nor for work on penal or reformatory institutions, unless the Pn•sident
finds that the projects will not promote the
competition of products of convict labor with
products of free labor.
The act of 1942 also contimws a prohibition
against construction of any building that would
require more than $100,000 of Federal funds.
This kind of restriction was first .introduced in
the ERA Act of 1939, which set the maximum
permissible expenditure of Federal funds at
$52,000 for a Federal and $50,000 for a nonFederal building. In the ERA Act, fiscal year
1941, the rPstriction was contimwd, but was
raised to the present limit of $100,000 for both
types of buildings. Both the 1942 act and that
of the preceding year permitted the exPmption
from this provision of projects certified by the
Secretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy
as important for military or naval purposes.
Exemption was also authorized for projPcts
approved by the PrPsi<lPnt prior to May 16,
1940; projects for which an issue of bonds had
been approved at an election held on or prior
to that date; projects for which a statl' lPgislature had made an appropriation on or prior to
that date; and projects for the complet,ion of
which funds had been allocah•d and irrPvocabl;v
set aside under previous emergency rPlief n.ppropriation acts.
Sponsors' Participation in the Financing
of Projects
Although state and locn.l sponsors of nonFederal WPA projects have always financPd a
considerable part of total project costs, no
statutory requirement pertainiug to cont,ributions by sponsors had been made until 1937.
The ERA act of that yPnr inelu<lPd a provision
requiring the sponsor to agree in writing to
finance such part of the entire cost of the project as was not to be financPd from FPdernl
funds. This provision was retained in all subsequent acts. The act of 1939 rPquired that
the sponsor furnish such pnrt of t,he projl'C·t
cost as the Commissioner of Work Proj{'(·ts
determined was an adN1uate contribut.ion,
taking into consideration the fii1aneial ability
of tlw sponsor. It was furtl11•r stip11l11tPd iJ1
this act that, for non-FPdnnl projl'els uppron•d
on and ufter January 1, 1940, the sponsors'
share of the entire cost of all such projects
earried on within any state, territory, or possPssion, or the District of Columbia, must
average at least 25 percent. The acts for the
fiscal years 1941 and 1942 continued the sponsors' provisions in this form but authorized
exemption from the 25 percent requirement in
the case of certified national defense projects
and of projects covering work necessary to
avert danger to life, property, or health in
disaster or grave emergency.
Auother provision that serves to control
sponsors' contributions is one luniting WPA
expPnditurcs for nonlabor purposes. Initiated
in the ERA Act of 1938, this provision set the
limit at an average of $7 per month per worker
during the following fiscal year in any state,
territory, or possession, or the District of
Columbia. Subsequent acts continued this
requirement, but reduced the amount to $6
(except that if an increase in material costs
occurred, the Commissioner of Work Projects
was authorized to increase the average to $7).
In order not to hinder the operation of certified
ddense projects, which often require higher
nonlabor outlays than other projects, the two
latPst acts authorized the use of Federal funds
for payment of nonlabor costs in excess of the
specified limits; the amounts of $50,000,000
and $45,000,000, respectively, were set aside
for this purpose in the appropriations for fiscal
years 1941 and 1942.
Federal Agency Projects
The allocation of WP A funds to other Federal
agencies for the operation of projects similar
to those operated by the WPA was authorized
by the ERA Act of 1938 and subsequent acts.
As the total amount of the WPA appropriation
was made smaller in each successive act, the
maximum amount authorized for allocation by
the Commissioner of Work Projects to other
Federal agencies was also reduced. From
$88,000,000 in the ERA Act of 1938, the
RJnount authorized for allocation was cut to
$60,000,000 in the act of 1939, $44,000,000 in
the act for the fiscal year 1941, and $8,500,000
in the 1942 act. The 1942 act specifies, in
addition, that $3,500,000 of the designated
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12
REPORT OK PROGRESS OF THE WP.-\. PROGRAM
amount must go to the Department of Agriculture for the continuation during the calendar
year 1941 of existing projects under its jurisdiction. Such earmarking was not written into
Parlier acts. The initial provision stipulntPd
that up to 5 percent of the amount allocat«>d
to any agency could be used for administratin
expenses. This limitation was changPd to
4 percent in the following acts, and the requin·ment that at least. 90 percent of the pPt'Sons
employed on each project must be certified
relief persons was added.
Hours and Earnings
Standards of hours and earnings of certified
relief persons employed on WP A projPcts hnn•
undergone several changes during the course of
the program. A schedule of monthly earnings
was established by the President under the
ERA Act of 1935, which provided for variation
in monthly <'arnings according to (I) the degree
of skill required for the job to which the worker
was assigned; (2) the geographical region in
which he was located; and (3) the degree of
urbanization of the county in which he was
employed. In the ERA Act of 1939, Congress
directed the Commissioner of Work ProjPcts
to revise the earninf.,>'S schrdule so thut thP
monthly rates would not vary for workPt'S of
the same type in diffrrPnt gpogrnphieal arPns
to any greater extent than was justifiPd by
diff PrPnePs in the cost of living. This cost-ofliving b11sis was also incorpornkd in th<' nets
for tlw fis<'al yPars 1941 and 1942.
Althot1f.d1 a s<·lu•duli· of monthly <'lll'llings has
nlwnys been in force, the hourly rut<•s of puy
urn! the numh<'r of hours workPd pPr month
hnvt• lwPn rnodifiPd Sl'V<'rnl ti11ws. Tht• ER.\
Act of Hl:1,5 din•<·tPd thP Pn•sidPnt to pstnblish
sud1 r11 tt•s of p11y 11s would "nt·t·omplish t ht•
purposps of this joint rpsol11tion, nnd not nffp<•t
udvt•t·sl'!y or othPrwisP t<•nd to dP<Tt•nst• tlw
going r11tl'S of wug1•s pnid for work of a similnr
n11t11rt•." Tlw rn:w nl't stntPd more• spPcifi<·nlly
thnt thP "rnt.t•s of pn_,.... shnll lw not IPss th1111
tlH• pn·,·11iling mtPs of pny for work of a similnr
1111t11rP 11s dPtPrlllitlt'd h.v the \Yorks ProgTPss
Ad1ni11istrution with the approval of tlw
Pn•sidPnt." lTndt•r this provision, thP numlwr
of hours to })(' workNI pPr month wns dl'tPr-
mined by dividing thl' scheduled monthly earningi- by tlw pr!'vailing hourly wage rate. The
prt•rniling wag<' prinC'iple was retained in the
lll'Xt two ERA acts. The 1939 act, how<•ver,
s1wcified that all 1wrsons employed on projects
should work 1:30 hom-s a month. Since the
monthly earnings remained fixed, the Pstahlishnlt'nt of uniform hours of work had the
t•fft>ct of abolishing the prevailing wugP principl<'. The 1g;m act nlso sp<'cifi<'d that the hours
of work should not exceed 8 hou1-s in any one
day, or 40 homs in any one week. These
requirPllll'llts had previously been established
by administratiH order.
ExPmptions from the sch!'duled monthly
earnin~rs and hours of work were authorized
by the ERA Act of 19;39 for supervisory pPrsons
employPd on work projects, for relief persons
with no depPnclents. to protect work already
donP on a projl'ct, to permit making up lost
timP. and in cas!'s of enwrgency involving the
public welfar<'. The acts for the fiscal years
1941 and 1942 pPrmit the further exemption
from these rt>quiremmts of projects certified
hy tlw St•crptnry of War or tlw S!'cretary of the
N1ffy 11,- important for military or naval
J> II rJ>0S('S.
Employment Provisions
Provisions 1·1•g11rdi11g thP sPIPC'tion of persons
for nssigrnrn•nt to WPA proj1•cts and the conditions 11ndPr which tlw~' may continue in their
jobs hn ,·p b1•come mon• n•strictive nnd detailed
with 1•11d1 ER.\ net.
Tlw net of 19;35 authorizt•d th<' Prt•sidP11t to
Pstuhlish rult>s nnd rPgiilutions rt•gnrdi11g t.lw
<'lllploymPnt of 1wrso1111Pl but gave no SIH'<'ific
instrnctions. Tlw act of 19:36 add«-d to this
)!<'ll<'l'lll authorization the stipul11tion that no
11liP11s illPgnlly within the Unitt-d StntPs might
h,· PlllployPd on WPA projpcts. UrnlPr th<'
l!l:r; net. aliens who had not filed d!'clnration
of i11t1•11tio11 to hPCOlllP citizens were also barred
from 1•mploynwnt. The act of FPbrunry 4,
I 11:rn. muki11g a d!'ficimcy appropriation to the
WPA, bamwd all nliPns from employtnPnt and
1w111irt•d thnt all 'WPA work!'rs must make
nffidnvit ns to Vnitt•d States citizPnship.
Tlw ERA Act of rn:rn. apprond on June 30,
I fl:rn. prohihitt-d th<' ei11plo_vnwnt of any pPrson
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LEGISLATIVE PRO\"ISIO~S FOR THE WPA PROGRAM
who advocates, or who is a member of an organization that advocaks, the ovPrthrow of the
Cnited Statps Government through force or
violence. The acts for the fiscal years 1941
and 1942 continued this provision and also
prohibited the employment of Communist,- and
members of Nazi Bund organizations.
An order of preference to be follmn•d in
selecting persons for assignment to 'WPA projects was specified for the first time in tlw 19:ri
act. This act provided that preference was to
be given, first, to war veterans who were citizPns
and wpre in ·1wPd; second, to other American
citizens in need; and third, to aliens in nel'd
who had declared their intention of becoming
citizens. The same provision was includPd in
the act of 1938. The 1939 act required, however, that preference should be determined on
the basis of relative needs and that, when relative needs were found to be tlw same, veterans
should be given priority over other American
citizens, Indians, and other persons owing alh,giance to the United StatPs. This order of prpference was restatPd in the ERA Act, fiscal ypar
1941, except that unmarried widows of veterans
and wives of unemployable veterans were placed
in the same category as veterans. The act for
the fiscal year 1942, however, reverted to tlw
policy of giving needy veterans first preference
in employment, regardless of the rPlative needs
of othPrs, and spPcified the application of that
preference in some detail.
The ERA Act of 1937 introdm•pd th<' 1wp1in•ment, still in force, that no pt'rson who refuses
a bona fide off Pr of privatP or otlwr public
employment providing acl<•quatP compPnsation
under reasonnble working conditions may lw
employed on a WPA project. Any 1w1-son who
accepts such private or otl1er public employment is entitlPd, at its expiration. to retum to
a WPA job if hP is still in need and if he lost tht•
employment through no fault of his own.
An aclditionnl Pmploynwnt pro,·ision. mndP
for the first tinw in the 1939 act, was tlw rl'<p1ir1•ment thnt all rt>liPf workt•rs, exc-Ppt ,·Ptl'ru11,-.
who had bPPn co11ti11uo11sly m1ployed 011 WP.\
projec-ts for rnorP than 18 months, should h,•
removPd from PrnploynH•nt. It wn,- furtlwr
stipulated thut tlwsP workt>1-s should 11ot lw
considPrPd t>ligibk for rl't•111ploy11H•nt u11til nft,•r
:rn days had Pxpired and thPir Pligibility hud
hP1•11 reeertifit>d. This provision was modified in
th<• I 941 net to Pxempt the unmarried widows
of vetPrans and the wives of unemployable
n•tnans, as well as the veterans themsc!Vl'S.
The 18-month provision was further modified
in tlw act for the fiscal year 1942, which specifit>d that persons who have been continuously
employed for 18 months should be removPd
from employment only in the numbers necessary to provide jobs for persons who have bPen
certified as in need and awaiting assignment to
WPA projects for three months or more. Blind
persons also were exempted from the 18-month
proYision, and the waiting period for restoration of eligibility for employment was reduced
to 20 days.
From the outset, WPA procpdure required
certification of a worker's need by a local public
relief agency as a condition of his eligibility for
project employment. This rPquirement, howPYer, was not written into legislation until the
ERA Act of 1939. A provision of this act
stated that no relief worker might be employed
until his need for employment had been certified by a local public certifying agency, or by
the WPA itself in places where no local certifying agency existed or where the WPA did not
accept the local certification. Another innovation of the 1939 act was tlw regulation requiring
the WPA to review, every six months, the need
of each certified worker employed on a projPct
and to separate from employm<'nt any of these
pe1-sons not found to be in need. The acts of
1941 and 1942 modified the frequl'ncy of review
to at h•ast once every 12 months.
Thi' ERA Act of the fiscal year 1942 continued in forct' employment provisions of earlier
acts requiring that project persomwl shall, so far
as pmcticable, be employed on projects nearest
tlwir homPs, that persons employed on projects
must be capn.ble of performing satisfactorily the
work to which they arP assig1wd, and that a
1,lind pN-son may tPmpomrily rl'linquish Social
~l'curity n.id to securl' WPA employment.
Other Provisions
CPrtuin other requirPments concerning the
npt•rntion of projects tl111t had bt•Pn l'llactPd in
pn•vious lq~islntiou wPrP continued by the 1942
net. Tht>st• rl'lttt<• to iht• rentul of Pquipnwut,
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
revolving funds, medical and hospital care for
work camp employePs, disposition of receipts
and collections, disability and death compP11s11tion, property damage claims, purchnses
amounting to less than $300, and reimbursement
of the Federal Government for project funds
misapplied by sponsors.
Provisions rPlating to administration and
supNvision which were continued by the new
act cowr the authority for prescribing rult>s and
regulations, the appointment and compensation
of administrative personnel, the submission of
periodic reports to Congress, the prohibition of
politic·al activity of employees, the cooperation
of the Commissioner with the various state an<l
local governments in meeting the unemploymc>11t probll'm, and the prohibition of dis<"rimi1111tion on account of race, religion, or politics.
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NATIONAL DEFENSE WORK
fiscal vear th<'
the outset of the
Ar Work
Projects Administration had de1941
velo1wd plBJ1s for a well-rounded program of
usPful woi·k on projects important to tht• nat ionul d<'f<'llse. By that time, special l<'gislat.ivt• provisions had bc<'ll made for its participation in the national defense effort, and the pa.rt
it was to play had been work<'d out. The
WPA was well qualified by its previous years of
01wrat.ing experience to engage in a broad program of d<'f<'nse work. The organization was
already functioning in every state. It was
only nPcessary for the military and rnwal agencirs to designate t.lrn specific work that they
want ed done. The WPA could then direct the
labor of the large resl'rvoir of employable but
unt:'lnploy<•d workers into the prosecution of
projects useful to thr ch•f<'nse effort.
As a matter of fact, WPA defense work had
really been going on since I 935 , becaus<' a
gn•at d<'nl of WPA work during the five y<'ars
prN·<'ding the national cm<'rgency was along
li1ll's now recognizl'd as <'Ssential to national
pr<'parwlness. Through WPA projects, roads,
buildings, scw<'r end watl'r systems, and other
rweded facilities were provided for military and
11av1tl r<'snvat.ions. Practically all the work
complPt1•d at civil as well as military and navel
nirports contributes to a strong<'-r d efense, es
do the armori<'s, rifle rang<•s, and cnmp facilities
construct<'d for the N at.ional Guard .
Some indication of the <'Xlmt of this defl'nse
work may be d<'rivc•d from t-hl' fact that an estimatPd total of considerably morP than $400,000,000 in ,vPA and sponsors' funds hnd lw,•n
spent during the period prev ious to Jmll' :10,
1940, in providing fnrilitiPs for th<' Army, Navy,
National Gmml, and Coast Guard and on publicly owned airports. This figure, of course,
tells only part of th<' story, sine<' much other
WPA work, done for communities in mBJ1y
parts of t.h<' count.ry, is now considered of real
importance for clt•fensl' purposes.
Provisions Facilitating WPA
Defense Worlc
The provisions made by CongrPss to facilitate
us(~ of the WPA organization in the program of
national defense wl.'re contained in the Emerg<'ncy Reli<'f Appropriation Act, fiscal year
1941, and its supplement, Public Resolution
No. 9, 77th Congn•ss, approv<'d March 1, 1941.
Tht>s<' provisions gave the Commissiornir of
Work Projl'C'ts authority to exempt dl'f Pnse
projects that. the s('{~r<'tary of War or the SPcretary of the Navy certified as important for
military or naval pt1rposcs, from a number of
tlw statutory limitations usually applicable to
the operation of ,vPA projects.
Outstanding among the rl.'strictions from
which C<'rtified d<'fmse projc>ct.s may bl.' exempt('(!, when neePssary to expcdit.e their operation. is the requin•ment the.t normally limits
ex1wnditures of FcdPral funds for nonlabor purpos,,s to $6 per month per work<'r. Ext•mption
from this provision p<'rmits th<' WPA to acc<'pt
def<'nst• projt•cts that are considl'rPd suitable for
\VPA opNation hut whose nonlabor costs
1•x<'Pl'd the rpg11ler limitnt.ion . Thi' ERA act
furtl11•r prm·id1•cl thut up to $2.5,000,000 of t.he
total funds approprinkd could br 11s('(l for
15
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REPORT 01\' PROG RESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
WPA workers renovated an old sanitriuam building for
a photographic training unit of the Air Corps
these nonla bor purposes. This a mount suppl em en ts th e expendit'l1res regularly a.u thoriz ed
for oth er than labor cost s in the prosecution of
certifi ed proj ects. The limi t of this special fund
was later in creased to $50,000,000 by Public
R esolution No . 9.
Th e act also permits the exemption of certifi ed defense proj ec ts from the provision that
not more than three-fourths of th e total cost of
all non-Fed eral proj ec ts approved after January
1, 1940, in any s tate, may be paid from F ed eral
fund s ; from the r equirem ent. prohibiting t he
constru ction by the WPA of any bu ilding costing more than $100,000 in F ed eral fund s ; and
from th e establish ed hours of work and sch ed ule
of mon thly earnings , when ev er this is consid ered n ecessary .
Al though any or all of th e exemptions are
applicable to certifi ed d efense proj ects, th e
exemption privilege bas no t been gen erally
appli ed. Only after rig id inspection of project
applications, or upon spec ific req uest and ju stifi ca tion in the case of active projec ts, have any
of th e usual requirem en ts of project operation
been wai ved. Spec ial admini st.n1 t ive ord ers,
issued by t he Commi ss ion er to t he WPA fi eld
offi ces, prov id ed defi ni te in st rn cl ions for submitting requests for exemp t ions irnd indicated
t he circ um stan ces und er w hi ch they would be
granted .
In ad d ition to bein g eligibl e fo r exemp t ions
from the estn hl ished procedure , cer t ifi ed defense projec ts have bPr n gin'n firs t preferen ce
in 01wi-n tion oY er other ty pe of defense work
ns wrll as ovrr nil nond ef ense proj ect . In an
ndmini s t rntin ord P1' iss uPd l'nrly in t hC' fi sca.l
cur, priori ty was gran ted for th e operation of
certified d efense proj ects active at that time ,
and it was required that all approved cer t ified
defense proj ects should be placed in opera tion
as soon as possible. The·ord er fur th er dire c t e d
th at such proj ects should be completed a..s
rapidly as available labor and material resourc e~
would permit. Priority in th e assignmen t o f
workers to certified d efense proj ec ts was required, and th e states were ins tructed to s u ~pend operations on other projects in ins tan ces
wh er e sufficient workel'S wer e not availabl e for
the operation of certifi ed d efense work in th e
same area.
Not all WPA d efense proj ects have b ee n
certified for exemptions and priority treatme nt .
Many proj ects of importance in the defen se
effort have not required certification , as th. e y
either did not n eed exemption from th e usual
procedures for successful prosecution or we r e
not of direct concern to th e military agencies.
Many of the proj ects in this noncer t ifi ed ca tegory were design ed to assist the d efense effort s
of agen cies other than the military services or
to provide urgently n eed ed facilities for communiti es where conditions were greatly altered
by the influx of large numbers of p ersons to
n ew or enlarged milita ry centers or d efense
industries. Th e work p erformed on WPA projec ts requ ested by such communities has contribu ted mu ch to the absorp tion of th ese sudden
growths in population resulting from d efense
ac tivi t ies.
Through th e certification process that has
been esta blished , th e War and Navy D epartm en ts have la rgely determined the scope of
vVPA defense aetivi t ies. Projects whi ch these
service agen cies have certifi ed us valua ble for
mili tary or n aval purposes a re given firs t. preferen ce in opera tion, to expedi te tht-ir compl et ion .
Both agen cies have indi cn ted spec ific categories
of projects which t h ey consid er of m ajor importnn ce to the defense program . Th e list drnwn
up by the Secretary of War included the follo\,·ing proj ect groups:
- All projects sponsored by th e War D epa rtm en t or its duly au t horized officers which a re
clPa red by t he War D epa rtmen t in Washington
in accordance with establish ed procedure for
F edC'ral agency clearance.
- All p rojrcts fo r thC' eonstrn ction or impro vem ent of civil airpor ts which have b t•t-11
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17
NATIONAL DEFENSE WORK
certified as important for military purposes or
at sites which a re designated by the War D epartment. Work esp ecially desired at these
s it es includ es fi eld improv em ents such as grading, drainage, constru ction and extension of
runways, runway paving, and night lighting,
rather than t.h e construction of buildings and
hangars . (The revision and extension of lists
of certifi ed civil airport sites continu ed a t frequen t intervals thrnughout the fi scal year.)
- All proj ects for th e constru ction or improvement of access roads lea.di11g to military
posts, stations, or concentra.tion areas designated by th e War D epartment. In February
1941 , the Secretary of War expand ed the fi eld
of access road work to includ e work on roads
leading to industrial plants working on contract
ord ers for the War D epartment.
-All proj ects for the constru ction or improvem ent of roads forming a part of the
national strategic road network as shown on
maps of th e War D epartment. (Th e determinn tion of the specific roads to be improv ed as a
part of this strategic system was made a
responsibility of th e Public Roads Administration and required the cooperation of the various
state highway departments which ordinarily
would act, as sponsors of the proj ects .)
- All projects sponsored by the National
Guard for the constru ction or improvement of
National Guard facilities (except the constru ction of buildings wh(•re t he cost from WPA
fund s excef•ded $100,000).
- All proj t•cts for t he' const ruction or impro V('Jl1 l'n t of R<•ser vC' Officers' Train ing Co rps
facili t ies where t lw sponsor of the proj ect
agreed to maintain the facility aftN completion
(also with the Pxeeption of buildings costing
more than $100,000 in WPA funds) .
- All proj ects approved by the U. S. Public
H ealth Service, sponsored by state or local
governments, and loeat ed in the vicinity of
War D epartment posts, stations, and concentration areas. (For these projects, which
usually covered community sanitation work
and ma laria and mosquito con trol, th e surgeon
of tlw appropriate corps area or department was
required to certify t hat the work would be
b enefieial to the h ealth of troops stationed in
the vicinity. )
- All proj ects design ed to provide or improve
air mark(•I'S on air lanes and day markers on
landing areas, wh ere the proposed work conform ed t,o sp ec ifications approved by the Civil
Aeronautics Autbority .
- Proj l'cts sponsored by the Federal Communications Commission for work in connection
with its radio monitoring stations.
Th e list submitted by th e See retary of the Navy
specifi ed the follow ing categories of work as of
outstanding importance:
- All proj ects sponsored by the Navy
D epartment or its duly authorized officers.
- All proj l'cts for the constru ction or improvem ent of airports or naval training facilities.
- All h ealth and sanitation projects sponsored
by th e state or loeal govC'rnment agencies in
the vicinity of naval esta blishm ents or in
WPA w ork ers 9rod in 9 on oreo between runwoys at a western airport
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
locations where important work was being done
for the Navy.
-All projects for the construction or improvement of streets, bridgPs, and highways
leading to naval establishments or for the
construction of roads that might be considered
of importance in the operation of thPse establishments.
These categories of work comprisrd the bulk of
WPA defense a<"tivities during tlw fiseal year
ending with June 1941.
Employment on Defense Projects
Employment on defense projects financed
with WPA funds rose steadily during most of
the 1941 fiscal year. In the first month (July
1940) an average of about 228,000 persons were
employed. Rapid expansion of d(•fmse activities in subsequent months brought the monthly
average to more than twice that figure, or
488,000, in February 1941. During the remainder of the fiscal year, total WPA employment was reduced as a result of the rising demand for workers in private industry and the
limited amount of funds available to the
WPA. The declinP in total WPA Pmploynwnt
was reflected in employment on dl'fensP projects. The rate of decrease in the numbers employed on dPfense projeets, however, was much
slower than that for thP program as a whole,
since eurtailment of the program was accomTABLE ].-AVERAGE l\rMRER OF PER!-IONS EMPLOYED
ON WPA DEn:ssE PROJECTS St:BJECT TO LEGISLATIVE
EXEMPTIONS
AND
ON
OTHER
PROJECTS
Dt;sIGNATED AS OF DEFENSE IMPORTANCE
'.\IONTHI,Y, Jt'll' 1\140-Jt'NF. 11141
Projects
operated
hy other
Federal
Proj('Cts
Month
Totnl
I
OJK•rated
hy \I' I' A
aJ?enC'ie!-- A
July_
l\14U
Ot'toht:>r
~,wemhrr
Dereru her __
January _
f'ehruary
March
April
M:w
June
,,,a
22, :144
2fi7, 4,)(1
~I.ti:.?,~
3IO. fiS2
34fi, 3flfi
:i8fi. 714
~.H1"i9
'li. >,;V4
27, 1W
:IO.~. 25\l
244.
Augusl
SC'ptemher
2~. \1()1
I
I
11141
450. 2f>I i
48s. n;o 1
479. l 45
44;, 77,,
424. 149
4(,l. J.ol
4!J!',,.~l
4:.?fi 40(1
H:l,f,4f,
414. 1,;
119. 213
40(1, :~"-2
A f'initnc-ed hy allc~Mtion of\\' P.\ fund:-
2f,. I 12
24, fllP
Z'l.AM
:n. :i;~
19, ·15\1
1~. >31
plished as far as possible through r!'duction in
nondefense types of work. The perct>ntage of
WPA employment devoted to defense work
therefore continued to increase. At the hP~rinning of the fiscal year, only 14 percmt of all
WPA workers were employed on defense projects, but by February 1941 this ratio had increased to 26 percent. By June 1941 about
30 percent of WPA employment (an averag-e of
419,000 persons for the month) was devotPd to
defense work.
A definite pattern of concentration at thl.'
strategic corners and outposts of the country
becomes evident when each state's dPf Pnst•
project employment is considered in relation
to its total WPA employment. Hawaii, outpost of Pacific coastal defense, had the laqrt•st
proportion (80 percent) of its WPA workPt-s
engaged in defense work at the end of Junp 1941.
In Maine, at the extreme northeast corner of
the country and the last take-off point for air
traffic between this country and Europe. 72
percent of the employees were engag-ed in dPfense work. In Puerto Rico, a key point of
defense for the strategic Caribbean and Pana.ma
Canal areas, nearly 67 percent of the WPA
employment was on defense projects. Defense'
projPcts also accountPd for more than 60 pPrcent. of the program employment in th<' District
of Columbia, the states of Washington, Florida,
and South Carolina, and the Virgin Islands.
On the other hand, in such inlnnd st.att•s as
!own, Arkansas, and North and South Dakota,
less than IO percent of the WPA p<'rsonnel was
working on d<'fense projects. A statp's participation in dt>fense work has been influenced to
a great, extPnt by its geogmphical situation ancl
its importance to dc•frnse strutpgy. AnothPr
f1wtor has bPcn the amount of military or naval
concPntrntion within thP confows of the statf'.
Most of t.hP 413,000 pPrsons engagt>d in def(•nsP work at the Pnd of Jmw 1941 were working on projPcts op<'rnted dirPctly by the WPA.
NPnrly 19,000, howPVPr, WPre working on projPcts opPmted by otlwr FPdPntl ng(•ncil.'s but
ti111UJ('Pd by fonds allocu I Pd to I b(•m by 'WPA.
CertifiPd dPfPllSP projpcts prO\-i<kd jobs for
240,000 of tlw dl'f(•ns<• work(•rs, and ot.hn defrnsP projPcts Pmplo:v(•d JH•nrly 17:3,000 persons. Many of tlw work(•r-s on <'Prtifi(•d dcfensP
projpcts op(•mt«-d hv the WPA ,wrP PXl'mpt('d
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NATIONAL DEFE~SE WORK
from the standard limitations on hours of work
and total monthly earnings, in accordance
with the provisions of the ERA act for the
fiscal year 1941.
The types of work done under the WPA defense program during the 1941 fiscal year were
generally similar to its major activities during
the five years preceding the defense effol't, although a somewhat greater emphasis has been
placed on construction work under the defern,e
program. Construction projects provided jobs
for 343,000, or four out of five persons working
on <lefense projects financed by the WPA at the
t>nd of June 1941. The remaining 70,000 persons were engaged in noncoPstruction activities
for defense purposes.
The largest shal'e of the workers on defense
projects, as well as on the WPA program as a
whole, were employed in the construction and
improvement of highways, roads, and streets.
Some 152,000 persons were engaged in this
type of work, Pearly 111,000 of them on projects to build or improve portions of the national
strategic network of main or parallel traffic
routes. About 29,000 were working on access
roads to military and naval establishments or
to industrial plants of importance to the War
TABLE 2.- XrMB•:R oF PERSONS EMPLOYED oN WPA
DEFENSE PRon:cTs SUBJECT TO LEGIRLATIVE ExEMPTIONR AND ON ◊TH}:R PROJECTS DESIGNATED AB
OF DEFEXSE lMPORTANCt:, BY MAJOR TYPE
OJ'
PROJECT AND BY EXEMPTION STATUS
JlJSI: 2.~, 1941
,
TYi"' of proJt•ct
I
---~---- - - - - - - - - I>ivbdnn or Operation~- ._
Highways, roads, and streets
..
Puhlir h11i1dinis
Recreational fnrllities (e,cluding
huil<lings) .
Pnhlicly owned or operated 11tllitles _
Airports and airways
Projflcts
s11hjt,rt to
11,cislative
I
Other
defense
'e,emplionsA Iprojects
---
412,641
239, OHX
Ii2, f,'\.1
:!42. 290
198, f\.12
143, fl58
152,006
62. 139
40,843
58,423
Ill, 163
2,617
:JI, 1',84
169
2, 4-18
18,049
71,382
2, 748
16, ,5:15
3,716
4, OS!l
2,327
67, 2114
1,3/ill
2,:1/ill
I, 211
11. 921
10, 44.~
I, 116
I, 476
3:3, 441
4,Hti
28, 9115
1 12,IHH
; 12, 2:12
IH
12,f\.'IO
i, 937
Conservation
8anitatlon
2, 5611
Engineering sun·eys _
Other
Di,·ision of Community ~ervlce Pr~rams
!'iotional defense vocational tralnin•
I
----- - - - -
Total
Puhlic activities
Research and records
Welfare_
Other ....
Total
I ~- 24a
'
318
:If,. 910
4, 21).5
◄i
!!Ii
1,392
210
s. 100
232
:==36=,9=1=0
-' Projects which mny h(' exemptr<l from lel!islatiYe pto,·isions rrJ?ard-
~~~~~t of hulldinv-s. hc111rs 1•f work, e,unings, nonl:\hor costs, or sponsors'
CHART
I
PERCENTAGE OF WPA WORKERS EMPLOYED ON
DEFENSE PROJECTS *
JULY IMO-JUNE
IMI
20 1 - - - - - -- -- -
1-
-... -,.,_.....................
·---O L-
L._
~
,,,._.
~
, ~
.....,.,.. ..............
.......
~
,....__
L-
..... ~
L-
,_
,_
20
.__
1--
10
-'--
~
tMI
~O
or Navy Department. The balance of the
highway employees (12,000 persons) were performing work on roads inside military and
naval reservations or were doing defense highway work of a miscellaneous character.
Projects for work at civil, military, and naval
airports reflect more definitely than any other
type of WPA work the emphasis placed on
defense objectives during the 1941 fiscal year.
This kind of work provided jobs for some 71,000
persons at the end of June 1941, more than
three times the number so employed a year
earlier, despite the general decline in total
employment. Projects for the construction of
buildings, largely at the new military and naval
concentration centers established during the
year, employed the sen·ices of 62,000 WPA
workers; and those providing public utilities,
such as water supply and sewage disposal systems, accounted for nearly 35,000 of the defense
workers. Land, water, and other types of conservation work; development of recreational
facilities; and other types of construction work
were employing the remainder of the workers on
defense projects in the construction field at
the close of the fiscal year.
The WP A has also provided a variety of services outside the construction field that contribute directly to defense. For commu'lities adjacent to military and naval training centers,
whose normo.l facilities were inadequate to cope
with the nePds of large numbers of soldiers, the
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REPORT ON PRO GRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
WPA has provided entf'rtainment and recreational faei lities. Similarly, these commun ities,
as the defense program dPYeloped , were deluged
with requ ests for reporded information of various kinds far beyond their normal capacity and
ability to prepare. Consequently , the WPA
has employed recreational workers, librarians,
musicians, t eachers, writers, artists, research
workers, record clerks, and many other types
of professional and clerical workers to provide
the assistance requfred in these communities
and in the military centers themselves.
At th e end of the fiscal year, a total of more
than 33,000 persons were engaged in the vario us
community service activiti es that arf' important
to full development of the national defense
effort. In addition, persons employed on the
national defense vocational training project
(described in another section of this report) are
included in t he total of WPA work ers engaged
in df'frnse work outside the construct ion fi eld .
Nearly 37 ,000 persons were employed on this
proj ect at the end of June 1941. Of this number, 35,000 were being trained for occupations
needed in defense industries, and 2,000 w en~
employed in other capacities on the proj ect.
Project Activities and Accomplishments
WPA projects, initiated with the major
objective of providing jobs for unemployed
workers, have resulted in a variety of tangible accomplishments in the form of facilities
needed by the Army and Navy and by other
defense agencies. Even during the years
previous to the national defen se program , much
WPA work was done at the direct request o f
these agencies.
Some of the varied accomplishments th at
have resulted from project work of the kinds
now recognized as important for defense purposes are summarized in the accompanying
tnble and described briefly in the parngraphs
thnt follow. 1 These items of accomplishment,
however, by no means measure the total contribution that WPA project work has made to the
national defense. They include only work for
the Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and NationaJ
Guard (except for work at civil airports) ,
and cover only a few of the many nnd varied
facilities that were completed for these agencies
during the six years ending with June 1941.
Facilities at Military and Naval Establishments
Project work done under the WPA program
has included the improvement of facili tif's or
the extension of services at most of the military
and naval establishments in the United States.
At some centers the work has been extensi,·e
and has included many kinds of buildings and
facilities. At others the service agencies ha,·e
done a great deal of improvement work thl' IDselves, and WPA proj f'c t activities have bee n
eonfined to a few facilities such as target ranges,
buildings, or roads. Work for the National
Guard an d th e Coast Guard is characterized by
the same kin ds of vnriation in scope and type.
New naval recruits a t an induction center whi ch was built by
WPA workers
1 M ucb or the descri ptive deta il or iginally planned for Inclusion in
th is section bas been omitted in order to a void disclosure or milit ary
information.
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NATIONAL DEFE:'.'I.SE WORK
Work eompkted through WPA proj <'c ts during tlw six y<'ars ending with June• 1941 included
the construction of more than 3,200 new buildings and the renovation or enlargement of
n early 14,700 others. WPA workers also cons tn1ctcd about 100 new utility plants and improved somt• 150 others. Sewage and watt•r
trC'atm'-'nt plants, heating plants, and pumping
TABLE
3.-SELE CTED ITEMS OF PHYSICAL Acc oMPUSHMENT ON DEFENSE Co N STRCCTION PROJECTS
OPERATED BY WPA
C' ONTI N F.N TAt. ll NJTXD ~ TATU
One of the new Navy hospital buildings
during construction
lt' llt"LATIVI'! THRO UGH J UN~ 30, J!J41
Number
Unit of
me11SUrement
Reeon-
;r~~n
Ncw con- Addi- st
struction tlons pro,·emrnt ·
- - - - - - - 1-- - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - 3,245
AJminl•traUvo .. . . •. . .
Ilospltals ftnd lnftnnari~-- --- - - - - - - - - - - - !crorage_ ....•....•. . . . .
Annorll'"! .. .. . . . . . . .. . .
F.riulpmcnt maintenance shops .. . .. . . . .. .
Offlrers' re~idences .. . . .
Barracks . . .. .. . . .. . .
Dlnini: halls, mes.•
halls , etc .. . . . . . .. •.. .
Barns and stRblcs •• . . . .
01her . . . ... . . .•. •• . . .
Number ..• . ••
41
453
411
47
2116
I, 1121
437
Number . •• .••
Number . ..•••
Numoor . . •• ••
34
447
IJ
61
6
2811
4,201
2, JOO
Numhcr ..... .
Number .. . . ..
Number .. ..• .
5".8
62
1,251
63
20
79
3. 401
00
2
JI)
65
---=
1, 002
2i5
=
163
----8 -- - - Number . ... . .
:lO
Number . .. . •.
Number . .• ••.
Number .• .. ..
U<'O.ITIEI! AT AIRPORT!! AND
l .A!'fl'll<fl ARll:U
Lnndlng tleld,.. .. . . . •.• . •. Number . . .. .
Area in 11cre, .
Run,.·11y,. . ..... . . . .. •.• •. . I.enJrth in loot .
.,irporr. buildings .. ... .. _ .
14.324
347
---445
211
270
Number .• . .• •
vl'e.~~t:- ·,:r;,·"im·;, iii.r1ant, . ....... ..... . .. Number .•••• .
High-type •urfare ... .. .
l.ol\·•tl'Jl(' surl11ce . . ... .
64
Number ..• •••
Number ..• . ••
Number . .•• ••
Utility planl.< . . ... .. ... .. . . Number . •..• .
Electric power plants ..
Inclnemwr plants ..... .
Heating pl3nts .. ..... . .
Pumping st.Btlons . . . . _
Sewage treum e nt.
---
ta
6
49
-18
~I
23
14
4
7
6
---- =
22'l
Ii
28, Ii8
=--=
68
4, 465
3f.O
59, 2114
604: 000 . .. .. .. • 805,000
Lenl(th In fre t . ·1. 003, 000 . . . .. • . • 370, 000
Length In ll'C t. I, 0OI, 000
. • 4211, 000
Number . . . .. .
.,dmlnlstmtlve
and
tcrmtne.1.. . ..• •.•• .... Number .. .. .
Tlan~r., ... . . . . . .. . . . . . Numbf'r . .. ••
O!hf'l' _____ . . . .• •• . .... Number .. .. . .
Landing areu lloodllgbted . Numher . . . . . .
J\oundnry lights. .. . . . .... . Number
or
li~ht stand·
erds ... . .. . . .
S.,aplane bases. . .. . . . . ... .. Numher . . . ..
$eapl&nc ramps &nd land•
1ng platronns ... . . •• ... . . Numher . . .. .
93
l11
~ I
22
16
511
I, f.24
7P
308
I, 237
iO
17
10,920
2. 240
211
3
II, 7211
74
3,349
8
6
AIRT A 'I' FAC"IUTllla
Airway me.rkers . ..... .. . . .
Alrwe.y heaeons ..... . . .. . . .
A
Includes ,urradnii.
Numher .. . ...
Numhcr. .. . ..
15
stations W('re among the kinds of plants on
which work was <·omplet,e d. In addition, many
mil<•s of watt.-r ma.ins and sewer lines were installed, and other utility equipment was provided for the use of the armed forces.
Much of the work was undertaken as part of
general improvl•ment programs that included
most of the fnciliti'-'s of a military post or naval
base and sometimes covered all th'-' clefrnse
establishments of an entire area. WPA modernization work at army camps has greatly
enlarged their capacity through the construction
or renovation of mess halls, barracks, officers'
quarters, school buildings, and other structures,
and the installation of sewer, water, and power
lines and other utilities. Facilities provided at
naval resc•rvations have ranged from quart<•1-s
and recrcation buildings for officers and men
to docks, railroad spurs, and shipbuilding and
repair facilities. Improvements to security
precaution arrang<•mPnts, such as alarm systems, fences, and s(•ntry houses, have also been
made by WP A workers.
Among the most important types of structun•s erected at military and naval '-'stablishments are hospitals and infirmaries. WPA
workers completed the construction or impro vement of more than 300 such buildings during
the six-year period of op'-'rations. One group
of buildings under construction during the fiscal
year 1941 at an important naval base was designed to meet both the growing demand for
bed space and tht• need for improved treatmt•nt
faciliti es. The project work involvt'S the construction of several firt>-proof struct.un•s around
a central court. An administrntion building to
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REPORT 0:-.' PROG RESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
This hangar was constructed by WP A workers
house the offices, laboratories, and the surgical
department and a subsistence building with
mess facilities and the power plant a:re included
as well as a number of clinic and ward buildings and quarters for nurses and for officers.
Modern military and naval reservations require numerous types of training facilities,
many of which have been provid ed through
WPA projects. Large areas have been cleared
and drained for maneuver grounds and target
ranges of various kinds have been constructed
and modernized. Among these was an antitank
range to be used in the train ing of anti tank
gunners at one of the Army's reservations.
WPA workers cleared brush and trees from
many acn' s and constructed a narrow-gauge
railroad ovn a deep rnvi ne on a h igh t restle built
largd y with the cleared timber. The railroad
carries gravity-propelled cars bearing targets
that simulate the movements of tanks in mod ern
warfare. At the same reservation , WP A
workers reconditioned an old rifle range, roofing
the pit at the rifle butts, improving drainage,
and mod ernizing the target elevators, target
boards, and scoring benches.
Project work undertaken for the Army in
connection with the development of one of i ts
Air Corps training centers is typica.1 , a t least
in its variety, of WPA work for the armed
forces. Buildings have been constructed, u tilities installed , and landing fields developed at
three units of the center. At the spec ial
pursuit school where secondary training is given
to pw·suit · pilots, mess halls, barracks, rpcreation buildings, warehouses, and other buildings
were under construction during the 1941 fiscal
year. Similar in1provements have been made
at the basic training school. WPA work in
both places has included clearing, grading,
draining, and other general improvem ents to
the landing fi elds; installation of water, ek•ctric ,
and gas distribution systems; and the construction of roads, streets, and sidewalks. At th e
headquarters and advanced training school of
the center, the work is a continuation of an
extensive construction program that has been
ca rri ed on with the help of WPA proj ects for
a number of y ears. R ecent work includes the
construction of addi tional buildings, improvem en t of th e landing fi eld , and devt•lopment of
a number of auxili ary landin g field s in areas
adjacent to the center .
Rifle ranges built by WPA workers are in use at many tra ining centers
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NATIONAL DEFENSE WORK
CHART 2
AIRPORTS CONSTRUCTED OR IMPROVED BY WPA
Through June 30, 1941
....
..
..
...
..
...
..
Armories, airports, and ca.mp facilities for
National Gue.rd units and training facilities for
the Reserve Officers Training Corps are also included among the projects undertaken by WPA
workers. Work done at National Guard camps
has been similar to the general improvements
made at army posts. Many of the armories and
airport buildings are designed to serve community as well as military purposes. A large
hangar for a National Guard observation
squadron in the Middle West was nearing completion at the end of the 1941 fiscal year. It
has additions on either side of the hangar area
that contain caretaker's quarters, garoge, shop,
boiler rooms, classrooms, offices, and locker and
dressing rooms for officers and enlisted personnel. When it is no longer needed for military
purposes, the county commissioners, who are
sponsoring the project and helping to finance
it, plan to use the building as a warehouse and
shop for county road machinery.
Facilities for units of the ROTC were being
constructed through WPA projects at a number
of colleges and universities during the 1941
fiscal year. Among these was a new building
which will provide a drill he.II and offices for the
large volunteer unit of an ea.stern college. A
military science building was also under construction for the ROTC trainees at a middle
western university; one section of this building
will house offices and laboratories and the other
will include demonstration rooms, repair shops,
and a rifle range. To help provide the airport
facilities required for ROTC pilot training
activities, WPA workers were enlarging an
ROTC airport at a southern institution and
extending its facilities through a project
certified as important for defense purposes.
Previous WPA work at this airport had included the construction of a hangar and improvement of runways. Current activities
involve the construction of shops and a boiler
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REPDRT ON PROGRESS Oi' THE WPA PROGRAM
camps, air bases, naval stations, and in adjacent
areas. The malaria cont,rol projects which the
WPA has operated for the past six years have
been important factors in the sharp declines in
the incidence of malaria that have been reported in a number of regions. WPA malaria
control activities include permanent meas ure-,
such as the construction of drainage channels
and lateral ditches, removal of undergrowth and
trees that impede drainage, and other work to
eliminate breeding places. They also includ e
temporary measures, such as the spreading of
larvicides.
Construction of shoulders on an access road
being done by WPA workers
Work on Civil Airports
house, installation of sewa.ge disposal facilities,
and field drainage work.
To protect the health of the soldiers and
sailors in training areas, WPA malaria control
projects were undertaken in a number of states
and Puerto Rico during the fiscal year 1941.
The WPA is cooperating with the Army, Navy,
United States Public Health Service, and state
and local health authorities in their campaign
to eliminate malarial mosquitoes at army
WPA workers built th is "sabotage " fence
WP A defense work in the field of airport
development has not been limited to the construction of landing fields for the Army and
Na.vy or to the expansion of facilities at m...-isting
military and naval airports. It has also included extensive improvements at civil airports
in all sections of the country . ,\7hatever the
original objective of the airport \~ork, it is considered important for defense purposes if it has
resulted in landing fields and ground facilities
that, can be used in the movement of air forces ,
the concentration of aircraft in strategic areas ,
or the training of personnel for the air arms of
the military and naval services.
To provide landing fi elds capable of receiving
modem military aircraft, WPA proj ects certifi ed by the Wa1· D epa.rtrnent as essPntial to
national defense were carried on at many airports in all parts of the co untry during the 1941
fi scal year. Besides the construction of new
long runways, the work at thesc airports usually
involve clearing, grubbing , excovuting, und
grading; the installa tion of drainage faciliti es;
and the extension of lighting systems. In
add ition , fa cilities for servicing planes on the
ground hn.ve been improved through the construction or renovation of hangars, r<'puir and
machine shops, administration buildings, and
other structures.
Accomplishments on WPA airport proj ects
at civ il, military, and naval airports during the
six years ending with June 1941 includcd the
devdo pml'llt of about 220 new airports and the
improvement or enlargement of nearly twice
that number. In the same period WPA workers
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NATIONAL DEFENSE WORK
WP A workers building an access road to air base
built some 2,600,000 feet (about 500 miles) of
new runways, nearly two-thirds of which had
high-type surfacing. They also complPted
about 900 new airport buildings among which
were nearly 200 hangars and more than 100
administration buildings. In addition, large
numbers of existing airport buildings were
renovated or enlarged and many airport facilities of other typ<'S were improved. AltogPther,
WPA airport projects have been undertaken
at 760 differPnt sites throughout the country.
Access Roads, Strategic Highways, and Other
Transportation Facilities
Access roads to military and naval rPsl'rvations and to industrial Cl'ntcrs arP PssPntial to
cffrctive national defensP, as are also the strategic highways that connPct important <"<'llt<•rs.
In recognition of this fact the Army and Navy
have designated s1•vPral hundred siks of WPA
road projects as important for defr·nse purposes.
Work on such projects is similar to that done
on roads all OVl'r the country during the six
years that the program has been in operation,
and thP accomplishments in this field arc includPd in the total of morP than 600,000 milPs
of all kinds of road construction and improve-
mPnt that were completed by WPA workers
during that period. New roads are bPing built
in undeveloped sections; some of them are hardsurfaced highways and others are temporary
gravel-surfaced roads built to expedite camp
or industrial construction. Existing roads are
being widened, drained, and resurfaced, and
city streets are being similarly improved to
handle the heavy traffic that moves to and from
camps and industrial centers. Also included
in de(ensP road work are the improvpments
b<•ing made to main and parallel routes of the
strau-gic highway network to speed up the
mowmPnt of both military and commercial
traffic.
Another kind of transportation work undertaken through WPA defense projects is the
improvement of publicly owned railroad lines
in and to military and naval reservations.
Maint<'lrnnce work on many of thesl' lines that
handle· troop movemmts and suppliPs had been
nPglPcted during deprpssion years. With the
expansion of the armed forces and increased
nPed for transportation facilities, the longdl'f Prred improvemPnts became imperative.
In connl'ction with tlwse improvements, WPA
workc•rs have bePn placing ballast, putting in
new sidings, renovating piers and wharves, and
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
doing extensive reconstruction work of various
other kinds.
Other WP A Defense Work
Among the variety of proj ects undertaken by
the WPA in the interests of national defense are
many oth er types in both the construction and
nonconstruction fields that do not come under
any of the major groupings already described.
Through th ese WPA defense projects are be ing
provid ed many of the facili ties and services
needed in communities that hav e grown rapidly
with th e expansion of defense industries.
Water distribution systems, sewer lines, and
sewage treatment plants, for example, are being
expanded in order to h8Jldle increased loads in
growing communities.
One of the many problems confronting Army
officials in arranging for war gam es 8Jld maneuvers is the need f01· securing prior agreements
with landowners for th e use of their property .
WPA clerical workers handled a great deal of
the tremendous amount of detail involved in
ch ecking 8Jld completing these agreements.
Another need was for a dictionary of military
terms for use in consulting foreign m ilitary
literature and for other military purposes.
Such a dictionary was under preparation duru1g
th e 1941 fiscal year by WPA writers and trnnslators working in six foreign languages. To
make available infonnation concerning thP
Greenland area, WPA workers have been pn°paring a bibliography of publicat ions on th is
region, which is of great in1portance to Am ericall
d efense. Partic ular emphasis has been placed
on material that is of value to t hr Arm~· .\ir
WPA Spanish class for Air Corps officers
Corps. In this work the writings- in 13 languages- of ex--plorers, scientists, traders, and
sea captains were being indexed.
In view of the expanded n eed for supplies of
raw materials in defense production, the availability of such supplies in the United States is of
cousid crable importance. Efforts to obtain infonnation on this subject are being assisted b y
WPA survey projects. Surveys were b e ing
conducted during the I 941 fiscal year to asce rtain the amount of underground oil in Texas, to
find deposits of comme rcial diamonds and manganesr believed to be in th e Blue Ridge l\l(ountains, and to loca te available limestone deposits
in an Arkansas countv.
Activities on lVP A ~education , recreation , and
art proj ects 11ave been directed toward mee ting
th e n eeds for th ese types of services both at
military establishm ents and in expanding defern,e industrial f1,reas. Among tbe dev elopmen ts m the fi eld of adult educn,tion is the
proje<'t to t each Spanish to officrrs of the Army
Afr Forces. A special textbook was prepared
bv tl1 e WPA for th e program. It contains a
special vocabulary designed to aid Englishspeaking pilots in making them selves understood m th e event of forced landings in LatinAmerican countries or wh en on special missions
to remote r e¢ons wh ere no interpreters are
Rvnilabl e. This proj ect has been ext ended in
the fiscal year 1942 to mclud e Navy aJ1d regular
Am1y personnel. Th e Army bas also requ ested
that WPA teachers be assign ed to teach English
to Spanish-speakin g members of our military
Corers in Pu r rto Rico .
To mer t. cx-pandin g defense n eeds, se rvices
supplPmenta ry to the nursery school progrnm
haYf' also been developed. Th esf' includ r publie child-carr centers for children of working
moth cn; m low-in com e groups and child deYf'lopmpnt units in defen se areas, primarily for
<'l1ildren of enlisted m en in th e a11ned forces.
Th e nred for hooks, which has developed
with t he enlargenwnt of milita,T centers and
rxpansion of defen se areas, has created a new
demm1d for WPA library extension services.
The WPA attempted to meet the demand during thr fiscal year 1941 by extending its services
to both army camps and industrial centers.
New books were supplied and old on es repafred
and catalogu ed for camps in a number of states.
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NATIONAL
27
DEFENSE WORK
~ a l organizations have in many instances
ms.de books available to the WP A for distribution to servicemen. With WPA aid, stateowned books have been catalogued so that
they may be loaned iI1 defense centers.
In response to numerous requests, WPA
artists and craftsmen were assigned to projects
at militar_v and naval training centers during
the fiscal year 1941. These artists are decorating the walls of recreation rooms, officers' quarters, mess halls, and other camp buildingR with
murals, frescoes, pru1ts, plaques, and other a.rt
works. Under the direct.ion o{ officers, they an•
providing visual education aids for trainees i11
the form of posters that illustrate the various
steps in tactical drill or exercise. They are also
ma.king charts and designs to illustrate the
operation of guns, armored cars, tanks, airplanes, and even ba.tthiships, and to indicate
the proper construction of pontoon bridges,
correct signaling, firing methods, and otlH'r
n1ilita.ry procedures. WPA craftsmen are making light fixtures, furniture, fountains, draperies,
curtains, and other objects for the quarters
of officers and men and for recreation ha.Us.
Classes iI1 art, photography, and craft subjects
are being conducted by WPA instructors for
soldiers and sailors in work studios adjacent to
military and naval reservations.
Similar services in the fields of music and
recreation are being provided through other
\VPA projects. Hm1dreds of concerts have
been given ea.ch month at military and naval
posts and in adjacent communities. Bands
have been organized for military camps that
had none o{ their own, and choral groups have
been developed. Recreational leaders in a
variety of activit,ies, including such sports a.s
archery and skiiI1g, have been assignl'd to military establishml'nts at the request of their
commanding officers.
Expenditures for Defense Work
Approximately a fourth of all WPA project
expenditures during the fiscal year ending June
30, 1941, were made for defense projects.
The total WP A outlay {or thesl' projects
amounted to nearly $324,752,000, of which
$303,756,000 wes spent for defense projects
operated directly by the WPA and $20,996,000
Reading rooms are provided for men in the armed forces
was used for defense work undPrtaken by other
Federal agencies with WPA funds transforred
to them for this purpose. In 1uldition to the
WP A funds, the sponsors of defonse proj(•cts
provided more than $131,203,000, bringing to
nearly $456,000,000 the total expenditures for
WPA defense projects during fiscal year 1941.
The bulk of the expenditures, as well as of
the employment, on defense projects operated
by the WPA was for construction work. The
proport-ion of defense expenditures that was
mad e for construction projects was somewhat
TABLE 4.-AMOUNT OF WPA AND SPO NSORS' FUNDS
PROJECTS 81TBJECT TO
DEFENSE
EXPENDED ON
LE<:t:-LATIVE EXEMPTIONS AND ON OTHER Pnon:cTs
D1-: swi-. A'fED AS OF DEFJ-;NSE IM P0HTAN C E OPERA1' ED BY WPA. BY MAJOR TYPE 0t' PROJECT
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 11'41
'l'n><' or project
I SponsorB'
WP A
runds
Total
funds
- -- -- - -- - - - 1 - -- - ·1- - -- Total. .
. 387. 2.54. 113/ 271. 05.~, 5.~ I_! ~118, 560
Dh· i•ion or O()l'ratlons __ __
Highways, roads , and streets__ 1!15, 500. 4,s,· 12Ul69. 4117 1 0:1, 520.1181
I 56, O.'l2. 838 40. 478, 747, 15, .;st, OIi!
Public huildln~s -. _ . ___ _
Rccn:'111.ional racilitics (ex2, 1174. 363
6, 583, 029
9. 557,
cludini hulldlngs ) _ ____ _ _
I
392/
I
P~~/lf~i~/ _wned or O()l'r&ted · 43. 835. 876
.\lrport.• and airways __ ___-_ / 00. m ,
7,782.272
ConS<'rvntlon . . _.. _____ . _
434,4451
Sanitation _____ ___ __ ____ _ -1
a,• 113•
Englnccrin([ surveys .. __ _. _
11 070
Other -- - -- -· -- __
31, 524,
uisi
0.'16 1
0921 52.4. 867.
528. 606
~I
f===u=~
rnvlsion or Community Servloe
Programs ....
17, 709,
Puhllc activities __ . __. _
R esearch and records .
W•Irare . ___ __ . . Other ..
.
I
_
-I
Nr~:n~I d r _re n~ -~.-.t~ooal _train--!
0081
383, fl83
2. 603. 321
8, 017.4-49!
12. 311, 711
!fl. ~10, 036
3. 253.f,66
50,762
570. 375
3.052,575
14. 272, 472/__!~36, 626
I
3, 741, 5421 3. 058. I 111
9,182,401
4,604, 720
180,43S
i, 4-46, 727
3,602, 767
164. 867
683,431
I, 735. ffH
I, 001. 953
15, 568
:19, 9115, 837 1 18,427, 636/ II. 568,301
I
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REPORT ON PROG RESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
A WPA band furnishes music for drill exercises
larger, however , than the share of defense employ ment that was devo ted to these activities.
This differ ence in ratios is attribu table for the
most part to the larger requirem en ts for materials, equipmen t , and other nonlabor purposes in constru ction work.
Almost half the outlays for defense construction proj ec ts wer e mad e for road work. Expenditures for this part of the program to taled
about $1 86,000,000. A considerable part of
this amount was used in building or r econstructing access roads, roads that form part of
the national strategic road n etwork , and roads
and st reets in military and naval reservations.
Expendi t ures for t he constrn ction and improvement of airports and airwayR amoun ted to
$70,000,000-----almost twice as much as wa~
used for similar purposes during the prev ious
tiscal year, wh en total WPA expendit ures were
much higher. Among ot her major constrnction
proj ect e}..--penditures were $56,000,000 for work
on buildings such as armories and the man y
kind s of buildings required for ad equate troopt.raining cen ters, and abou t $44 ,000 ,000 for
water purification, sewage disposal, and oth er
11 tility proj ects.
The WPA nonconstruction acti vities condu cted und er the defense program cost a to tal
of a little less than $48,000,000 in bo th WP A
and sponsors' funds during t he 1941 fiscal y ear.
The largest part of t his expenditure (nearly
$30,000,000) was mad e to provide vocational
training courses for WPA workers in the occupations and skills needed to fill th e employmen t requiremen ts of the rapidly expanding d efense industries. R esearch work and survey s
conducted in the interest of defense cost more
than $6,000,000. The preparation and transcrip tion of public records such as birth certifica tes and alien and naturalizat ion records for
many state and local governm en t agencies accounted for n early $3,000,000. The balance of
the outlays for non constru ction activi ties wer e
distribu ted among a variety of useful defense
proj ects such as the extension of library services and otlwr Pdu eational work for the benefit
of mPn in tlw armed forces.
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VOCATIONAL TRAINING
B ASIC
policy of the WP A has always been
A to assist its workers in returning employment in private industry. The first step in this
to
direction is insistence upon the registration of
workers with local public employment offices so
that they may be considered for any available
jobs for which they are qualified. 1 In their
WPA employment, workers have been assigned
as far as possible to jobs that would enable them
to maintain their old skills. When this has been
impossible, they have sometimes been assigned
to jobs that enabled them to learn new skills,
and some of them have been given an opportunity to learn supervisory methods and to do
supervisory work on projects. In addition,
specific projects have been undertaken to provide vocational training opportunities. Through
some of these projects large numbers of persons
have been prepared for jobs in domestic service.
On other projects, conducted under the adult
education program, many kinds of vocational
classes have been provided and thousands of
persons interested in reviving old skills or acquiring new ones have been enrolled .
With the expansion of the national defense
program the demand for skilled and semiskilled
workers increased sharply. To assist in satisfying the new needs for workers trained in the
occupations utilized in defense industries, the
WPA has increased the emphasis placed on
vocational training and has extended the scope
of its activities in this field. A new program
of defense vocational training projects was
1
established that enabled nearly 120,000 WPA
workers to receive training in occupations required by defense industries during the course
of the 1941 fiscal year. Projects to train airport servicemen, and nonprofessional workers
for hospitals and institutions, were also initiated.
The defense vocational training activities of
the WPA are conducted as an integral part of a
hroad national training program to meet defense needs. The United States Office of Education, which cosponsors certain WPA training
projects, has greatly increased its own training
activities. The National Youth Administration has been placing emphasis on the training
of young persons for specific jobs in various
strategic industries. The Civilian Conservation Corps has also modified its training courses
to meet national defense needs. In addition,
the Maritime Comtnission, the Civil Aeronautics Administration, the Army Air Corps, the
Navy, and the Department of Lahor are expanding their vocational training work.
WP A Defense Training
The training of workers for manual occupations needed in industries producing for defense
purposes was initiated soon after legislative
provisions specifically authorized the WPA to
undertake this work. 2 A nation-wide vocational training project was set up under the
sponsorship of the Advisory Commission to the
Council of National Defense and the cosponsorship of the United States Office of Educa-
Durio~ the 1041 fiscal year h<-t ween 5 and 9 pcr«'nt of the workers left
their WP A Jobs \"oluntarily each month, moet or them to take jobs m
private industry.
• 'fhis authority was contained in the Second Delklency A pproprla•
tioo Act, 1940, approved June Tt, 1940.
29
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
Refresher and preemployment courses in machine shop work
are given under the defense vocational training project
tion. 3 This project has the dual purpose of
supplying the labor needs of defense industries
and of facilitating the return of WPA workers
to private employment. Through the project,
refresher courses are provided for persons who
have some experience in skills needed by defense industries, and preemployment courses
are provided for those who wish to learn new
skills. All persons enrollPd in these courses,
including WPA workPrs, are registered with
public cmployml'l1t offices.
Responsibility for various phases of the project is shared by the WPA and the United
States Office of Education. The WPA handles
the selPction and assignmP11t of WPA traineps
and pays tlwm regular WPA wages while they
arp lPurning hPcausP tlwy do not have sufficiPnt
rpsources with which to finance evPn their
minimum needs during thP training period.
Tlw WP A also provides tlw pPrsomwl for tlw
maintPDllJl('l' of rPcords nPCPssary for till' opnation of the projpc•t. The UnitPd StatPs Office
of Education, through the cooperation of statl•
and local school offieials, is rPsponsihle for tlw
tPchnical training aspl•ets of the project. It,
or its rPprt>sPntatives, sl'lect and pay the salaries
of inst,ructors, supl•rvisors, and training superintPndl'ltts as well as of thP personnel rPquired
for the maintenance of buildings and facilitil's,
and they also provide the necpssary matPrials,
light, heat, and powl•r. Tlw Unitl•d StatPs
Officp of Education, with tlw coopnation and
assistaneP of statp and loeal 1uh·isory commit• In January 1'141, the Office of Production Man&!(emcnt became
sponsor or this proJect.
tees, detPrmixws the methods and types of
training to be givPn and the numbers and
kinds of workers to be trained under the
project.
WP A workers (including eligible persons
awaiting assignment to WPA jobs) a.re selected
for training on the basis of their past employment and WPA employment records, aptitudes,
and adaptability to training. When these indicate that a worker might qualify either for
immPdiatl' defense employmPnt or for trainmg,
a more intensive invt>stigation is made to obtain additional information concerning occupational PXpPriPncP and skill, health, and intl'rcst in further training. Some of the workers
have had experil•nce in the use of various hand
or machine tools or in occupations requiring
manual dexterity, which directly qualifies them
for t,raining or for immediate employment.
Othc>rs have avocational interests in model
building, woodworkmg, or the building and repair of radio and electrical equipment that
indicate potentialitiPs to be devPlopPd. Project supc>rvisors are consulted as to the work
habits, attitudPs, and other qualifications of
the prospectivP trainl.'es, and m some areas use
is ma.dP of aptitude tests.
This information forms the basis of a defonse
industriPs employmc>nt register that is main-
Texas trainees learning to service aircraft engines
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VOCATIONAL TRAINING
tained in each WPA district office to facilitate
the selection of workers for specific training
courses or specific jobs. The register is limited
to the list of about 500 occupations designated
by the Office of Production Management as
esse,ntial to industries producing for national
defense. Rt~cord cards for persons who are
qualifit>d for immPdiate employment in defense
ind us tries are separated from those for persons
who by experience or training are quolified for
refresher courses or for preemployment training. By April 1941, the basic registers included
the names of approximately 151,000 persons
qualified for immediate employment in defense
industries, 154,000 persons qualified for training, and 31,000 already assigned to training
courses.
WPA workers are given training in many of
the occupations required by industries producing for national defense. A number of these
occupations are in the metal trades essential to
armament production. Machine shop classes
have had the largest share of the trainees;
nearly a third of the total enrollment on June 25,
1941, was in these classes. (See Table 5 below.)
These trainees learn many of the techniques
required in the construction and assembly of
engines for aircraft and ships and in thC' manufacture of guns, tanks, and other military and
naval r.quipment.
TABLE 5.-NUMBER OF WPA WORKERS RECEIVING
TRAINING THROUGH THE NATIONAi, Dt; FENSE VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROJECT, BY TYPE OF COURSE
JUNJ: 25, 11141
Course
Totsl
..
!\"umber
Percent
• :14, lll!Y
100.0
3.fiii
10.5
6. 5
1.6
2. g
6.4
2,268
615
l . ()(rl
1, 89H
475
770
II, 401
770
2M5
342
3,493
74~
5, 2111
I. 552
401
1.4
2. 2
32. 8
2. 2
0.8
1.0
l0. 0
2. I
16. 2
4. 4
I.I
• noe. not Include nontrnln..., employt<I on the prn.fi'<•t.
• lnelucl"" employment on the nirport ser\'irem m trninin~ projeet.
Cla.o;srs in welding, slH'rt-metal work , and
riveting are turning out workers necessary in
the production of aircraft, ships, tanks, trucks,
The proper method for pourin9 molten metal into forms is
tau9ht in a class in foundry work at a
Detroit vocational school
scout cars, and other mechanized equipment.
The foundry and forge work essential to these
and other fields are also taught to employees on
the project. These kinds of classes together
accounted for almost a third of the trainees
enrolled at the end of June. About one-fourth
of the trainees were enrolled in the group of
courses that prepare workers for the servicing
of radio and electrical equipment, airplanes,
and automobiles. Most of the remainder were
attending classes in which woodworking, pattern making, and such technical subjects as
mechanical, structural, and electrical drafting
were taught.
Although some variation exists among the
training centers, the basic mc~thods of operation
are similar. Class schedules arc arranged so as
to avoid conflict with the regular day and
evening school sessions; some of the classes
are scheduled betwC'Pn 10 o'clock in the evening
and 4 or 5 o'clock in the morning if no other
time is available. The tPaching staff is ma.de up
of experienced industrial workers and dayschool tC'aclwrs who in some instances give
part-time services. The subjects taught are
thost• most ne1-ded by thC' dt•fense industriC's in
the arra adjacpnt to thP centl'r. Each training course is adapted as much as possible to
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REPORT ON PRO GRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
workers constitute a reser ve that may b e
cirawn upon when additional workers are
needed in defense industries.
The number of trainees assigned to this
training project increased steadily during th e
fiscal year 1941. At the end of June nearly
35,000 persons were in training. In addition
to these, nearly 84,000 WPA workers had been
assigned to the project during the course of th ~
fiscal year. Of this group, 75 percent left the
project voluntn.rily ; 45 percent were definitely
known to have obtained private employm ent
nnd 30 percent prPsumab]y found jobs. Th e
remammg 25 percent returned to other WPA
projects.
In-Plant Preemployment Training
Trainee learning to do a job of drilling inside an airplane
fuselage
meet th e requirements of th e particular group
of train ees it includes. Allowance is made
for the fact that some will learn more rapidly
than others and that , as these train eps are
placed in industry , oth ers will be enrolled.
Usually the technical instruction and related
th eory given in the t rau1in g shop are suppl Pmentcd by additional instruction in th e classroom , and perfornum ce tests as well as oral
and written examinations ore given throughout
th e course.
The training period on the proj ect lasts from
six to twelve weeks, but trainees may leave n t
any tim e if jobs become available Md th ey are
proficient enough to begin work. Workers who
enroll in refresher classes frequ ently find tlw t
two weeks' training is sufficif•nt to bring baek
th e old skills. ExperiC'llce during the year of
operation has shown that many trainePs con
obtain employment in private indust,y at
double and triple tJ1eir WPA earnings. Some
persons of unusual mechanical abilities have
been discovered in the training classPs, and
many of them have secured jobs in which th ey
have made rapid progress. If no jobs are
available in priva te industry at the completion
of the training course, the train ees may be
assigned to jobs on other WPA proj ects. Such
Toward the end of the fi scal year 1941, inplant training, designed to accelerate the movement of workers into defrnse jobs, was initiated
w1d er the WPA defense training project.
Under this training plan, workers who have
been carefully selected on the basis of work
e:x.-pericnce, adaptability, and potentialities receive direct training at occupations approved
by the OPM in industrial plants engaged in
production for national defense . During the
training period, the WPA pays their wages at
the prevailing learners' rates established by
employer-employee agreements in the participating plants.4 The trainees, under th e supervision of the plant management, learn the
• Since the project is cer tified as important ror defense purposes, it may
be exempt('(! fro m the surnd ard wage sched ule requirements.
WPA in-plant trainee learns welding on the job
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VOCATIONAL TRAINING
operating techniques necessary to qualify them
for full-time employment at a specific job.
When the plant authorities decide that the
trainees are capable of assuming responsibility
for the jobs (within the limits of thl' maximum
four-week training period) they arc transferred
to the plant pay rolls at regular wage rates.
Under this program WPA workers, both men
and women, a.re being trained for a variety of
jobs ranging from those required in airplane•
and parachute production to lens grinding and
instrument making.
The in-plant tmining program has proved
particularly successful. It has greatly facilitated the replacement of WPA workers in
industrial jobs because it provides training in
the tRchniques of the specific job for which the
workPr is needed and because only a relatively
short period of objectiw training is necessary.
So far, nearly all the WPA workers who baV(•
received this type of training have obtained
private employment.
Airport Servicemen
Another type of WPA defense vocational
training has been provided through the nationwide project established in the latter part of
1940 to train persons certified to the WPA for
the occupation of airport servicemen. The
project was sponsored by the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense.
The Civil Aeronautics Administration and the
United States Office of Education are cosponsors. The CAA selects and approves the airports to be used as training sites, and the
United Stall's Office of Education undertakes
the sell'ction and training of instructors and
the outlining and supervision of the training
techniques. The WP A is rpsponsibfo for the
administration of the project; the assignment
and compPnsation of instructors; the selection,
assignment, and compPnsation of trainees; and
other functions usually necessary to the operation of a project in accordance with established
WPA procedures.
Candidates for training as airport servicemen
must be certified as Pligible for WPA employment, and must qualify in intl'rPst, health, education, and expPrience. Training is available
only for men between 18 and 35 years of age
WPA airport servicemen trainees tying down a plane
(in accordance with current airport employment
policies) who have good eyPsight and hearing
and at least the equivalent of an eighth-grade
education. Experience in dealing with the general public and hobbies involving manual dexterity are desirable qualifications for trainPes.
Trainee groups receive instruction in maintenance and service duties from trained instructors. The subject matter ranges from taxiing
and fueling of planes to the care of parachutes
and procedures to be followed when crashes
occur. Trainees are taught safety measures
and first aid and acquire experiPnce in directing
traffic and in other field operations. They also
learn to handle various types of airport equipment, such as wind indicators and obstruction
lights; to fill out necessary forms and records;
to assist in the overhauling of engines; to follow
Federal, state, and local field regulations; and
to utilize weather reports and radio communications. This practical training is usually supplemm tl'd by elementary work in navigation,
meteorology, the theory of flight, and related
subjects. The training is given to groups of
from 10 to 15 men for a period of 90 days.
Thesp projects ordinarily are organized to
operate only once at an airport. The training
course may be repeated at an airport, however,
as long as the demand for the services of trained
men continues. Airport servicemen training
courses were organized in 46 airports located in
various parts of the country during the fiscal
year 1941. By the end of June 1941, 21 coursl's
had been completed and in five centers courses
were being repeated. It is known that approximately 70 percent of the enrollees in thc•se
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
courses during fiscal year 1941 who completed
thl•ir training received employment. Th<' rC'maind er serve as a reservoir of trained men for
employin t>nt in th<' near futw·e.
Training of Nonprofessional Hospital
Workers Under the Welfare Prog;am
A WP.A actiYity initiate<l during the 1941
fiscal year was t,h e p roj ec t for training nonprofessional work<'rs i11 hospitals and institutions. This project is operated und er the health
SC'ction of the WPA welfare program. Workers
of this type had previously bePn mad e availahle
to som e institutions und er WPA institutional
service proj ects. Th ese activities have been
expru1d ed, however, as a part of the broad
national defense plan , to includ e the training of
workers. Th e training was begun duril1g the
lattn part of the fiscal year in response to
requests from various Federal agencies, hospital
superintendents , health officPrs, and other
groups il1 this fi eld. Th ese requests are tl1e
outgrowth of the pressing need for trained nonprofessional workers--such as ward helpers
orderlies, and other assistants- to give ele~
m entary care to the sick under professional
supervision il1 hospitals and institutions.
Under the expnnded program a thorough sixmonth training course is given to qualified workers who have been certified as eligible for WP A
employment. The program is intended to
make available a suffi cient number of workers
to assist und er professional supervision ill times
of nation~) Pm<'rgPncies such as war, epidemics,
na.turnl chsnstC'rs, a11d social dislocn tions caused
by peacetime mobilization.
Nonprofessi o~ol ~Ospital workers cleaning and sterilizing
surgical instruments and hospital supplies
To bC' eligible for nonprofessional hospita l
workc-rs' trnil1il1g, applicants must be betwe<>n
22 and 5() years of nge and mu st have at least
t,h e equivalent of an eighth-grad e ed ucation .
Additional req uirements are good health , good
standard s of physical h_vgiene, ability to perform manual tasks, and an interest ill findmg
employm ent in this field.
The trn.il1mg is given in public hospitals and
ill private hospitals operated by nonprofit
orgru1izations. General hospitals are prefcrrrd.
The hos pitals selected must have adequate
facilities for training and demonstrations and
a hospital staff sufficiently large and with sufficient frpe time to permit its members to direct
the traming program.
TPachers and demonstrators are drawn principally from the hospital staff but are augmented , as necessary , by qualified members of
health departments and other health agen ciPs.
In addition to supplying the teaching staff and
technical supervisors, the hospital and sponsor
are responsible for the provision of space a.ncl
for supplying equipment and other facilitil-'S
required for th e operation of th e project. Th e
WP A is responsible for the selection and Msignment of qualified workers, general supervision
timekeeping, payment of wages, and referral~
for employment.
An attempt. is made through the training
courses to develop a number of skills on th e pa.rt
of individual trainees so that they may be availa.ble for a variety of dutie..,. Th ey receive elem enta.ry trainmg m the care of the sick-such
as answering call bells, carrymg meal trays,
cleaning, and doing odd jobs- and leam to perform nonprofessional services for the patients at
the direction of a nurse. They are also given
trainil1g in mstitutional kitchen a11d servmgpantry work and in institutional housekeeping.
Th e program il1clud es instruction in personal
co re, work relationships, and behavior relating
to hospital or mstitutional service. Classroom
work and actual experien ce are closely coordinated durmg th e trainil1g period.
Experience with completed training programs
shows that a large proportion of the tramecs
secure private employment at the dose of th e
trail1ing period , either on th e sponsor's regultu
staff, or in other public or private hospital!"
and u1 stitu tions.
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VOCATIONAL T RAINING
Household Workers
Authority to prO\·id e tr11u1i.ng for domestic
-workers was given to the WP A under the ERA
Act of 1939. Projects that have been se t, up
for this purpose have th e douhle objective of
training workers for jobs in a field in whicl1
shortages exist nnd prO\·iJi.J1g jobs for un employed persons-the> teachers, supervisors, ru1d
other persmrncl e11gaged in th e operation of th e
proj ect,.
The household workers' trainm g projects
und ertak en by the WP A havt> been sponsored
by state and local public wclfo.rp and health
agencies. llsually they are dev t->lopcd with the
es ist1111ce of advisory committees composed of
representatives of local workers' orga11izations
and lead ers in the commw1ity. Th e advisory
committees, worku1g through subcommittees,
assume responsibility for providmg housing,
furnishin gs, and equipment for the proj ect, for
th e recruiting of trainees, ru1d for th e standards
that are adopted as a basis for the subsequent
employment of the trainees.
One of the major requirem ents for this type
of project is suitabl e quarters, so that training
conditions will approximate ns closely as possible the workin g conditions in the homes wh ere
the trau1ees will Inter be employed. Frequently, the n ecessary equipment ru1d fumishin~ are loan ed by locnl utility compru1ies and
m erchants . WPA furniture proj ects often sup ply furniture; craft proj ects fu111isJ1 hook ed
rugs, block-prmted draperies, and table li.JJCns;
and art projects provid e etchi.J1gs and paintings
for interior decoration.
On most of th e proje>cts, 12 weeks of trai.J1ing
are provid ed tmder t.he supervision of persons
experienced in the fi f'ld of home e>conomics.
The traiJ1ces receiv e iJ1struction i11 routin e
household work and in tlw preparation and
serving of m eals. Some projects provide elementary trai:niJ1g in child care . On such projects th e train ees spend some time at the local
WPA nursery school, wh ere tl1ey learn to
bathe, feed , and care for smnll children .
Enrollme11t in the household work ers' t raining course (for whi ch preference is given to
persons between 18 and 35 years of age ) i. not
limited to person certified as cligiblf' for
WPA employment. Other persons rehris tered
Correct methods of performing household tasks are taught
on WPA household workers' training projects
with local public employme11t offices or other
approv ed o.ge11cies 8Jld young persons e>mployed
on the out-of-school work program of t.J1 e National Youth AdmiJ1istration ttre also eligible
for traiJ1ing. P ersons eligible for WPA employment, how ever, usually make up between
a fourth and a t hird of the total enrollment.
Most of the trau1 ees that are selected from
WPA rolls Ill'(' paid half th e sch eduled unskilled
"B " rate applicable to th e locality in which the
project is located . The WPA does not make
wage payments to th e non certi:fied persons who
rPceive trammg. During the fiscal year 1941 ,
about 3,000 persons completed the tra.ining
course, 11.nd 2,800 were placed i.J1 jobs.
Vocational Training Under the Adult
Education Program
Vocatio1111l training carri ed on under the
adult education program is design ed to utilize
the services of un employed teachers certified
or awaitu1g assignment to WPA rolls. Like
other WPA educational programs, it is condu cted in close cooperation with state departments of education and loco.I school dist,ricts.
The clossPs included und er this program have
provided vocn tional tram mg m many fields for
large numbers of both employed and tmemployed perso ns. Many of the un employed
persons came for training that in many msta nces
enabled them to obtain employment. Of th e
persons who were employed when they enrolled ,
some came in order to a t,ta i.J1 greo.kr skill iii
tht,ir <' UJTPn t occupation and some t,o learn n('W
skills t,hat would fit them for different kmd s of
employment.
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
Enrollment in adult education classes totaled
about 113,000 in April 1941. (None of the
enrollees receive comprnsation from the WPA
for attending these classes.) More than half
the enrollment was in commercial subjects such
as business English and arithmetic, accounting,
bookkeeping, stenography, typing, and the use
of office machines. Relativ<'ly large numbers of
persons were t>nrollcd in classPs devott>d to
carpentry and woodworking and mechanical
subjects such as tool making, welding, radio
and telegraphy, mechanical drafting, and electrical work. Still others took courses in sewing
and necdfocraft, cooking, table-waiting, cleaning, pressing, and laundry work. Painting,
plumbing, masonry work, watchmaking, and
cosmetology were also occupations in which
many pt>rsons rec<•ived instruction.
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
from WPA funds proPvided jobsfinanced
for an average of 1,700,000 workers
ROJECTS
during the fiscal year 1941. This wa.<1 the
smallest annual average in the six years of the
Work Projects Administration's history. It
was about 17 percent less than the average
employment during the preceding fiscal year
and nearly 44 percent less than that for 1939.
Monthly changes within the 1941 fiscal year
followed approximately the same pattern as
in the two preceding years, with employment
starting from a relatively low level in the summer months and reaching a higher level during
the winter. In July 1940, about 1,655,000
workers were employed on WPA projects. By
January 1941 the number had risen to 1,890,000,
but subsequent monthly reductions brought
employment down to an average of 1,400,000 in
June,1 the lowest recorded since October 1935,
when the WPA program was just getting
under way.
From October 1935 the program had expanded rapidly until in February 1936 slightly
more than 3,000,000 persons were at work on
WPA projects. The general downward trend
that occurred in subsequent months was reversed in the summer of 1936 by a marked but
temporary increase in WPA employment to aid
farmers in need as a result of the severe drought
that had caused extensive damage in many sections of the country. By the fall of 1937,
WPA employmmt had reaclwd the low level of
less than 1,500,000, reflecting the decli1ws in
unemployment that had occm-r<>d throughout
the year. The subsequent sharp rise in tlw
1 WPA employment was reduc-ed to s little more than 1,000,000 In
1uly 1941. the first month or the fiscal yesr 19·12.
number of WPA workers in 1938 likewise was
associated with changes in unemployment
which had begun to increase rapidly at the end
of 1937. Need for employment during 1938
was accentuated by the unusually low incomes
of southern tenant farmers and laborers and by
the New England hurricane in September of
that year. During most of 1939, however, the
trend of WPA employment was downward from
a total of about 3,000,000 workers in the first
quarter to about 1,700,000 in September. The
numbers l'mployed increased during the remainder of that year t-0 meet seasonal increases
in unemployment and need, but by June 1940
WPA employment had dropped to about the
same level as that of the preceding September.
The relatively low level of WPA employment
throughout the fiscal year 1941 was the result
of smaller appropriations and declining unemployment, which in tum reflected the expansion
of employment in private industries, particularly those engaged in defense work. A large
volume of unemployment, however, has continued t-0 exist. According to sample surveys
conducted by the WPA, about 5,900,000 persons were unemployed in June 1941 as compared with 8,600,000 in June 1940. 2
1 The WI' A survey of unemployment wss lnltisted In April 1940 by
the WI' A Division of Resesrch. The estimstes sre obtsined directly, on
the basis of J)('rsonal interviews with a representative cros.s section of the
nations! lsbor force each month. rather than by mesns of indirect estl·
mates of lsbor supply snd employment; the ssmpled households were
selected at random within a l(l'oup or 54 sample counties lo<"ated in 38
states. For the fiscal year 1941. the WI' A estimates sversged somewhst
hi!!her than those of the Nstional Industrial Conference Board, but
lower than those of the Congres.s of Industrisl Organizations, the American Federation or l,11bor, and the Ah•>tmder Hamilton Institute. Puhllcation of the National Jndustrial Conferen<'l' Hoard estimates wa..~ sus~
pende<l In Juno 11141, and of the American J,'ederation of Labor estimates
a mouth later.
37
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
CHART 3
EMPLOYMENT ON WPA PROJECTS*
Through June 1941
MILLIONS
OF PERSONS
4
MILLIONS
OF PERSONS
4
1t----t-i------·------------:-----------.-------t1
0 .............................-'-'-..L..J...W...l....L..U...'--"-w...Jw...J...J.-'...w...w.......,_.w...u....u...w._LL..Ju...i-W..w...L..J..w..J....L...u...J...LLWu...i..w..w...L..J..w...J....L.......JO
1935
*
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
lncludN ...-.c,ns employed on WPA projects operated by other Federal qenc:IN.
A considerable number of the workers who
are unemployPd at any given timt' may not be
in need of WPA employment. Some workers
receive unemployment compensation payments.
Others are able to accumulate reserves or can
depend on assistance from other family members or from relatives to carry them through
several weeks or months of unemployment.
Some workers have no resources to foll back
upon, however, and are in need of assistance as
soon as they become unemployed. Seasonal
incrrases in the need for fuel and clothing intrnsify the hardships of unemployment and
lwightt•n the need for WPA jobs. Droughts,
crop failures, floods, and othc>r disasters may
sometimes force larg<' numbers of farmers and
other workers to apply for ·wPA employment
to tide them over periods of acute need.
Throughout its period of opt•ration the WPA
has been able to provide jobs only for those
most urgently in nePd of employment. In 1936,
the number employed by the WPA was equiva-
lent t-0 about a third of all unemployPd workers,
but the ratios for subsequent years were successively lower. In 1940 and the first half of
1941 less than one out of every four unemployed
workers obtained a WPA job. The WPA
appropriation for the fiscal year 1941, like the
earlier appropriations, was insufficient to provide work for many heads of familirs who had
been found, upon local investigation, t-0 be in
need and eligible for WPA jobs. Despite the
year's reduction in unemployment, it is estimated by public welfare and relief agencies
(the agencit>s responsible for determining
whether applicants for WPA employment are
in need) and by the State Work Projects Administrations that at the end of the fiscal year
1941 there were more than 1,000,000 persons
eligible for WPA employment who could not be
employed because of limited funds.
The increase in private employment that occurred betwPen June 1940 and June 1941 was
not evenly distributed throughout the country.
Digitized by
Google
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
those that are centers of aircraft production,
the increases amounted to more than 50 percent. On the other hand, in seven of the cities
increases of less than 10 percent were recorded.
Even more extreme variations in employment trends could be observed in certain smaller
centers. ·where plants for the manufacture of
defense materials have been constructed, small
rural communities have become boom towns.
In many areas, however, there has been little
defense activity and little opportunity to participate in the accompanying increases in employment and income.
The difference in the extent t-0 which national
defense production has affected the several
areas of the country is indicated by the concentration of primary defense contracts in the
maior industrial areas. Nearly two-thirds of
Nonagricultural employment, according to the
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, increased by about 20 percent in six states, most
of which are located on the eastern seaboard.
In four states in the west central part of the
country, however, the increases represented less
than 5 percent. Several states that are predominantly agricultural showed fairly large
relative increases in nonagricultural employment, but because this type of employment
represented only a small proportion of the total
number of workers in the state, the effect of
the increases was not as great as in the more
industrialized states.
Changes during the year in manufacturing
employment in large urban areas with 1930
populations of 100,000 or more also varied
widely. In several of these cities, particularly
TABLE 6.-AVERAGE NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON
WPA PROJECTS, BY PROGRAM A
MONTHLY, AUGUST 19:!5-JUNE 1941
Month
Total
ProjPct~
operated
by \VPA
19/18
July_. ---··--·--··-·-----------Auirust . _ ·-- - -·--··--·- - ·---·--
2,999,021
3.12.5.244
2,914, 121
3,040,237
September-----·-··---- - -------October_ ···-··----· · · ··-··--November __ ___________________
December
_______________
3,:l!ili,611
3,:134,.'>94
3,161,080
Proj(lcts
Total
Month
operated
byWPA
3, 123. .'>68
3, 19.'>, 567
a. 241. or,1
3,069,341
3. 213.009
/,9/J[i
January ... ______ _ ·- - --------
FPhruary .. __ .. ___ .. _.. __ .. _. __ . _
March-·--· ·-····---·· ·-··April
-··-----·-----·------·-May ______________
___________ _
June ... _____________________ _
July_ --·--------·--··-·-·--Au~11st
---·-·--------Septrmber. ___ _____ ______ _
Oct.otwr_
·----------·_- ·
Novt•mbt1 r _______________
1
Decemhn
19/17
Ianuary.
February
Mttrch ··April_
__
2,131.079
July.··-----··
A11Jimst
1,6:H. 2!14
I January_
2, 149, 31i0
2. 129, 47.1
2. 078, 2'21
2,021. 5i9
1.878,008
May ... ____ _
June _______ _
1,-ki2.mS
I, S03, 720
July_ _________________ ·---·· ___ 1
, Au1tust
--·-----·--.
- •·
1·
St>ptt~mlwr ______ _______ . . . . -/
1,4,),\ ~tjj ------------1. 4fl2, f.C5 I _____________ _
Ortolwr _ _______________ _ _____
l,.'>03, 720, ·----------·
I. f,31, 2()4
1, 51(1, 8\1-1
1
1, S96, 676
- ·-··--------
------- - -----
1, ,596, 67ti
2,931,401
I
I
91,044
92, 6.17
91, 739
90,194
2. 1196. ,154
2,907, 3.'\tl
3. 1100, 110
2,11'.IO,0f\6
2. 711'1. 362
2, 6711. 046
2,fi4S, 550
2. 500. 87.~
2,438,432
135,675
2. 578,041
2. 282,087
1. \1711. f,88
I. 72U. IJ\Hl
1. 877. 439
2, 23fi, 920
I. 90II, 886
1,6Sti. 019
I. 804. 063
45, 167
60. 802
64. 077
73, :i;fi
77, 764
77,542
1: t:: ~~T
I, 882. 7.54
1
2,04S,t;!!!/
2. 216,314
l 1()9, 218
2 310, 53!)
2 IH.040
I, 11~1. fifxi
I. 7S.'>. ,532
2,142.588
2. 234. 5! 5
I, ti55. 479
I. 701,512
l. m:ri, 1>41
I. ;1',fi.489
I. 610,711
1.M7.164
l,t\:lfi,824
I. 711, 7Sl
I, 74H,Og."3
2. 2:!5 359
2,064.452
I. 8\ltl. !i42
1,669,.572
~~~·;'~: ···::::::::::::::::.::! l:~~t:~:
_ ·------------
84,900
85,007
90,041
89,198
89,044
113. 316
139. f,00
I
1
~~y~)~~:~: :~~!!~~~=:: ;- ·:: :
l,Slll,8114
Oct,iher
__
NovrmhPr
Deet1mher _
I
~·ebruary .. -·---·-----------·
I. 4SS, 077
S('ptnn bt>r _
~~~------ .. .
3,021,595
Projects operated by other
Federal
agencies B
I. 8(18. ,195
73, 726
74,623
75,180
79,58><
85,024
85,960
44,7~
54. 348
5.5, 81;
&I. i38
53,2\JY
60,W9
1
/94/
I
January.
February_
Mnrch ---·
Aliril .. ··- !\ ay
-··· .
June . _______ _
I
:1
1,803,102
2,0o:J.840
2.:l21,MI
1,803,102
I
I_·--·--------·
January
~J~t ~\l !::::::::::::::
--·--·-·----
i~·!;;~ar_)'. __ . _ -- - -·· · - ·--------
2. ;i-1{), 464
2. M0. 164
---·· · -···April -----·-·
2.f;40, 24tl I 2,1\41).246 I _____________ ":.fay_---------·•·--·---- - • --·-- '
2. 74:l, 025 I 2,743,025 ·-----·-----June ------------·- ---------·--·-i
,i
1,890,345
I. 88-1, l !.1
i
)i~· ~t I
1,841,318
I. 8:lfi, 995
1,708. fi75
1, 5';(\, :l25
488: -~99 I I. 446.994
1,410.930
I, 3fi9. 727
1:
I
A Data rPprPS(>nl BVflrfiJ.!f'$ of W('P~ly Pmployme-nt count5 mac.l<> during thr months.
B Finan<':t••I hv alloration or \VP A funds.
C A verafJ' for last t hn•1' weeks.
432810"--42- -4
Digitized by
Google
49,027
47. 120
44, 5'\9
43. 47{i
41, 60,\
41, 2()3
40
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
the value of primary contracts awarded by the
War and Navy Departments through June 1941
went to plants in 20 industrial areas that included only 27 percent of the country's population and only 23 percent of WPA employment
in June 1941.
To meet the divergent trends in employment
and need, a substantial shift was made in the
state distribution of WPA employment during
the fiscal year. The national decline from
June 1940 to June 1941 amounted to 21 percent.
Reductions of more than a. third occurred in
five eastern states, and decreases amounted to
more than a fourth of the June 1940 figure in
12 other states. These states included most of
the New England and Middle Atlantic states,
of the industrial statps of the Middle West,
and of the West Coast states. Reductions in
WPA employment in the agricultural states of
the Middle West and South were considerably
smaller, amo.unting to less than 10 percent in
nine states.
The relative number of WPA workers in the
large population centers has, in general, been
drclining during the past several years-a trend
that was emphasized in 1941 by the expansion
in business activity associated with the development of the defense program. At the end
of June 1941 only 37 percent of the WPA
workers were employed in metropolitan counties containing cities of more than 100,000
population. The same areas included 40 percent of the WPA workers in June of the previous year and nrnrly 46 percent in June 1938.
This decline in WPA employment in the large
population centers was offset by proportionate
increases in the counties with medium-sized and
small citiPs and in rural counties. The percentage of total WPA workPrs employed in countiPs
whose largest city had a population of between
25,000 and 100,000 rose from 15 to 17 during
the period from June 1938 to June 1941, and the
percentage in counties with cities having between 5,000 and 25,000 inhabitants increased
from 22 to 26. The increase in rural counties
with no town of as many ns 5,000 inhabitants
was from 18 to 21 percent of the total number
of WPA project workPrs.
Approximately 96 pt>rcmt of the p<>rsons Pmploy<'d on WPA proj<>cts nt tlH' nHI of June 1941
W(•re certifiPd workPrs rdPJTl'd to the \YPA by
local relief agencies. The remainder were noncertified workers employed in supervisory jobs
or in jobs for which workers with the required
skills were not available among the certified
group. Some of the supervisory workers had
originally been certified as being in need but
such workers lose their certification status when
they are promoted to supervisory jobs.
TABLE 7.-PERCENTAGE D11,TRIBUTION OF PERSONS
EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY
SIZE OF COMMUNITY
CoNTJSENTAL lTNITEO STATES
QUARTERLY, MARCH 19:lR-JUNE 1941
Size of oommunity
A
--~-.--~--.---
Date
JO•~~)()()
lJIOI'('
2-,.000-IIJU,000
5,000--
2.:;o()--
25.000
5,000
Less
than
2.soo
---------- ------------/9~
Marrh 30 ________
June 30 _______
!,ept,•mh<>r 21___:·
Dccemb<-r 2S
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45. I
45.fi
44. 5
43. I
15. 2
15. 4
15. 7
15.1
21. 5
21. 5
21. 7
22.1
7.3
7.1
7.3
7.9
10.11
10.4
10.8
11.8
100.0
JOO. 0
100. 0
100.0
42. 4
42. 3
15.0
1.5. 6
40. 9
1ft, 7
22. 5
22. 4
22.0
3K4
15. 4
no
8.0
7.11
8.4
9. I
12. I
II. 8
13 0
14. I
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3!U
40. I
40.0
37. 7
15. I
15.6
15. 5
IS.2
ZI. 6
23. 3
23.3
23. 7
9.2
8.6
8. 5
9.2
14.0
12.4
12. 7
14. 2
100.0
IOO.O
36. 4
36. !l
!fl. 4
16.8
25. 6
25. 6
9.1
8. 6
12.1
10,9
March 22 ______
Jun,, 21__ _______ ::.
September 27 __
Dcccmb..r 27 ... :::
1940
Marrh 27 __________
Jun,• 2ti
i5::: :: ·
8t•ph•mhei_Dect•mhcr 26. _...
1941
M•rrh 26 _______
Junr 2.5
-·
12.11
A Community J;?:roupinJ?,"s art' hast•<l on a clas!-if\ration or ronntiC'S RC'C'Ord •
11 0
Sinre
~(~rt;h \
(•~~~l'~~~t~hr 1940
population of the muuieipalities; prior to that time the IIIJO population
i.f t'~~la:1~~~~iO~!h~,;a~e;~):::l~I~:·ih~ith(~~
was used.
The appropriation acts have established as
criteria for eligibility that the worker must be
in need, employable, and an American citizen.
Administrative provisions require also that the
member of the family who is seeking WPA employment (only one member of a family can be
employed) must be at least 18 years of age and
that he must register at the local public employment office.
Labor Turn over on WP A Projects
The lnhor turnover that has been characteristic of the WP A program was marked during
the fiscal year 1941 by an unusunlly lurgrvolume
of voluntary sepamt ions, particularly in the last
Digitized by
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41
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
Among the causes of turnover during the
fiscal year was the separation of workers from
WPA jobs for military service. In the nine
months from October 1940 through June 1941
about 8,000 WPA workers left WPA employment for this reason. Separations for military
service averaged less than 1 percent of the number of men employed on WPA projects. This
comparatively small proportion reflects the fact
that the great majority of WPA workers are
over draft age and that nearly all of them have
dependents.
quarter of the year. Voluntary separations
averaged more than 132,000 per month during
this quarter. Whereas in the two previous
years voluntary separations had never exceeded
7 percent of the employment at the beginning
of the month and in most months represented
about 4 percent, the ratio for the months of the
last quarter of 1941 averaged about 9 percent.
l\iost voluntary separations were made in order
to accept jobs in private industry but small
numbers were made for other reasons, such as
illness, injury, or new sources of income.
TABLE
8.-
--NUMBER m· AssIONMENTS TO AND SEPARATIONS FROM EMPl,OYMENT ON WPA PROJECTS A
CONTINENUL UNITED STATES
MOSTIIJ.Y, JULY 1938-JUNE 1941
Separation rate
(percent) 8
St'J)arations
Assi~mnents
----,------,----1-----------------I>ischarges and layoffs
Month
Initial
a~iin-
Total
Reassign-
ments
164.398
1w,m1
163, ()(\2
12i. 416
2Zi, 82'2
212 827
237'. 812
294, 146
311,568
147,170
31\8, 952
276, !146
32i. 085
164,774
97,056
162, 91.5
149, 430
179, f,73
. ________________ _
19:J9
January_ ... ____________________ _
February
March .. ________________________ _
ffif ·::::::::::::::::::::::::::1
I9,0
36,664
2:J9, 7[>4
1n. 477
114, 1118
130,592
139,574
I 19,066
70, .531
29, 489
31, t,30
I
349. 154
329, 4.19
303, 3-18
68,265
331,8571
6i. 9;J7
~~: ;~l I
49,076
I
ff;;: ;g7 I
202, 41\9
233,215
--------------------------
------------------------1
21tl,074
Hl8. :128
!fol\. 978
l!lti. 947 I
100. 4i0
20i, 320
298, 28i
294. 924
267. 941
235. os.1
485.825
784,633
2:lO, 946
243,821
197,473
185,945
246, 702
rn1. ~s2
85, 15.5
259. i89 l
1~:~~
215. 876
180,183
246,314
340,427
275,424
225. 904
85. 449
25,509
85,577
10.5,9(11
54. 2:lll
61,498
292. 897
404. 188
rn4. 679
April
73,637
120, 1.188
106. 946
31,775
2.52. f,84 I
t~~~
j
55. 241
---------
6,!J
----------1
54. SH
9781,,
.,,,
1
VolUDtary
Total
Other
55,241
5-1, 841
91,020
178,668
II. 4
6.9
HJ. 7
9. 0
10. 5
5. I
3. I
6.6
7. 4
6.8
7.4
I
4.3
4. 7
6.8
5. 1
4.5
9.3
3. 7
3.6
3.3
4.6
I
110,301
l!i.5, 119
107. 027
January.
___________ _
Fchrunry ______________________ _
March ________________________ _
prov!sion D
-~;:;-~'::::::::::'II_~:~
117, 799
137,276
172,581
157,986
146,192
115, 478
191. 195
147,412
99, 90.1
67,353
64,871
29, 703
1uly _______ . _____________________ I 131,979
Au~ust.
----------------------1
Sept<>mber
___________________ _
Octobt~r
. _____________________ ,
November ___________________ _
December_ --------------------1
18-monthl
Total
19:JS
Sept,•mber ____________________ _
October _______________________ _
NovembeT ___________________ _
Voluntary c
Total
m1:nt~
1uly
______ ___ ------------------August
______________ _
Decen1ber _
_t.ssignment
rate
(per•
cent) B
I
i
I
I
103,322
94, 707
133, 5'17
112. .5S4
I
112. 5/\4
3. 7
7.3
85. 4i6
112. 787
216. 845
---------i
85. 476
8. 4
112, i87
6.1
----------1
216,845
159. 676
122,735
5.6
6.3
8. 5
11. 9
10. 5
rn:~:1
166,357
123,582
115. 748
103, 169
122, i35
148.394
104,205
108,069
337,431
680,428
122,877
159, t\76
113, 834
213. 808
:trJ
i9, 078
74. 999
94. 963
i
134. i30
129,838
197. 771
23-1. 262
96,878
81,857
207. t,9{)
291;, Oil
29,426
26. 987
33,077
38,523
34.f\OO
43,664
223,258 , 176. 753 [
toi. t102
l!lt\.Mi
202. 2l\8 1
167, 8(\9 ,
I
1so,551 I 166,189
74,605
102, 148
12i, 912
97. 761
i
86,100
86,164
44. 610
36.002
28, 77.ri
111,464
I
132. 521\ I
138. 20:1
3:14,88:!
lfv!,W4
:~lti, 709 I
W4. 4:18 I 286.0:J;J'
119,361 I as:i. 69'2 I
111,088
104. f\94
12-1, 104
1:!9.821
l3i. t\2,5
119. 25i
lti. 834
I
I
fJ:.:~~g i
l~I::~
I ~'.iii!
136, 195
50, n6
80,061
811,019
105,996
I
4.0
,5. 0
49,002
17.180
8, r,01
66, lti7
62. 264
70.819
W6.888
148. -!08
264, 43,s
I
I
I
I
17,3.'\0
40,440
15. s
11. 5
8.5, 128
287,470
9361
I
~t,:~~
I
55, f>OO
:~: ~\1~ I
4o, ;95 I
2'23.
I
8.9
7. 6
7. 6
5. 6
l!ltl, 516
70,
15.:130
31
14, 9
10.
9.6
15. 7
81,618
135. 42i
19.8 I
18. 2
153,954
19.5. 241
(\41) I
15. 9
11.6
13. 7
14.0
Jl.f;
13.0
I
1
U1
9, I
12. I
12. 3
9. i
I
39. 21
13.1
'l..1.0
20. 5
92. 531 I
'17,671
l,_tm1 1U:::
I
10,495
II, 813
~:t~!
12,242
61, i83 I
85, S:ll
80 320
80'.025
88,286
11.s. 7i0
209. i79
I
!.Ufi
I
39,021 I
9.1
5. 4
14.6
68,695
:16, .513
I
104,:J,58
28.:Ha I
5.5,925
I
I
:i;J.4:H,
63. 820
121,545
:~:~! ~~:~fl
130, 4521
94,680
an, 928 I
187. ~72
86, 3641
129,987
118.189
79, 284
64.400
29, 9;19
24,fol\7
12, :J47
I
- -- -- ---1
I
I
10.0
9. 1
12. 7
15. 5
14. 9
19. 8
4. 3
4. 4
.. 2
6.0
/i.2
6. I
6. 7
4.4
3. 3
3. 7
3. 3
4.1
4. 8
4. 7
4. 3
II.I
12. 4
11.2
11. I
4. 7
4.8
6.3
6.1
9.5
II. 2
4. 9
4.8
6.0
10.8
11. 8
18. 3
18. 9
18. 7
8.6
9.0
27. 3
8.5
5.6
6.8
A Prior to January 19-10. data do not include nonrelief employment. Data for workers employed on W PA projects operated by other Federal agencies are not inrluded in tlw fi~un:·s shown for Jo1y and August 1938.
8 Percent of total employment at lw~inning of month.
c ?\-lost of these separations were madt.• for private ernploymPnt; separations for such reasons as active militarv S(l'TYice, new sources of income,illness,
death, etc., are also inl'lud,\c].
·
D Separated in accordance with section 16 (h) or the ERA Act of 1939 and section 15 (b) of the ERA Act, flscsl year 1941, requiring separation alter
18 months of continuous \V PA Pmployment.
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42
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
CHART 4
to 136,000, or from 16 to 9 percent of employment at the beginningof the month. Approximately one-sixth of the assignments made during the JN~.r
were initial assignments of p<-rsons new to the program, and
the remainder were reassignments of workers previously
separated from WPA emplo~-- eoo
ment. The majority of the
eoo
reassigned persons had left
WPA jobs for private employ400
ment but were in need because
of the loss of such employ200
ment and therefore Pntitled to
0
immediate rPassignment under
1941
the terms of the ERA act for
... ..,.
the fiscal year 1941.
In the six years of operation of the WPA
program more than 8,000,000 different persons
have been employed on projects financed from
WPA funds. The first year accounted for more
than 3,000,000 of this total. The severe
drought that occurred during the second year
resulted in the assignment to WPA jobs of
large numbers of farmers who had not previously
been employed on the program. A large
volume of initial assignments also occurred in
1938, when WPA employment was increased to
meet the almost unprecedented rise in unemployment that developed during the 1937-38
ASSIGNMENTS AND SEPARATIONS IN EMPLOYMENT
ON WPA PROJECTS"
Jul)' 1938 - June 1941
0
eoo
SEPARATIONS
I
eoof--------
0
1938
• .......... ,.,.._ ......,_. •
1940
1839
WPA ..,..__ ....,..._,""'
~
,....,... __..._.
The provision requiring the termination of
the employment of all workers, except war
veterans, who had been continuously employed
on the WPA for 18 months was included, with
certain modifications, in the appropriation act
for the fiscal year 1941 (see page 13). The
numbers of separations made under this provision, however, hove been small during most
months of this year and accounted for about
one-eighth of the total separations in the
12-mon th period.
Separations from WPA employment for all
reasons averaged about 236,000 per month
during the 1941 fiscal year.
CHART 5
The monthly figures for this
RATE
OF
ASSIGNMENTS
AND
SEPARATIONS
period ranged from about
ON WPA PROJECTS"
166,000 in November and December 1940 to 384,000 in June
_
..
---,-- - - 40
1941, the largest number rei
ported for any month since
ii
,,
August 1939. The June sep''
30
---1:i
SEPARATIONS --.l :
arations represented more than
o o
I
I
•
1
:
\
a fourth of the employment ot
I
--- -20
the beginning of the month.
The separation rote for the fiscal
year 1941 as a whole averaged
10
a little over 14 perc('Jlt as com..
pared with an assignment rate
of slightly less than 12 percmt.
The monthly total of assign1938
1839
1940
ments during the fiscal yPar
• ......... ...,..... ....-,.d on ~A
ott.r ,..,._, .-.C-,
et .......... ., lftOfttll.
ranged downward from 253,000 •• ....._. ., total
IN EMPLOYMENT
1
-··...
---- -
-----
30
I
20
-
prolecla . . . . . . . . - ,
~
Digitized by
Google
-
----
i
,,o
1941
--·
43
EMPLOYMENT ANO t:ARNINGS
Employment on WP A Projects Operated
by Other Federal Agencies
recP!Af!ion. Again in t.hc- snmmn of 19~9, wlwn
t.he employment of large numbers of WPA
"'"orkers was terminated because they had been
continuously employed for 18 months or more,
t .he many replacements made included large
numbers of workers who were new to the WPA
program. The fiscal year 1941 added only
about 400,000 persons who had not previously
been employed on WP A projects, the smallest
number of additions made during any year of
t .h.e program's operation.
TABLE
9.~
Although the great majority of all WPA jobs
have been provided on projects operated by the
WPA, some of them have been on projects operated by other agencies of the Federal Government. Employment on such projects during
the fiscal year 1941 averaged less than 3 percent
of total WPA employment. In July l940,
about 45,000 pP1-sons were employed on Fedf'ral
AVERAClE NUMBER OF PERSONR EMPLOYED ON WPA PROJECTS, BY AGENCY A
SUltCTED MONTHS, JUNJt 1939-JUl<K 19-ll
j
:gency
_
Total.
II
--······· -· ···················•-·--··--
W- ork Projects Administration _ --······· ·· ······· ··· ······ ········· ··
.
19:lY
1941
1940
I
June
2,578.041
I
June
I 1,755. 632
I, 669, 572
2,4J8.~~
December /
I, 692,641
I, 859. 594
I, 6:16, 824 [ I, SOIi, .~95
I= =
85. 1l60 I
Other Feden,I a~encies _ __ ·- - -
September
44. 5f,o
11
83
244
57
I
I
5. 390
5,489
122
150
I
72
42
236
54
4,183
5. 247
104
I
5o. 999
14, 1171
I
13,-656
9ll I
Agricultural ... djustment Adminlstrnt.lon . __........ .......... _
182
85
Agricultural Economics ____
. .•...•......... .... _
125
308
Agricultural Marketing Service
__. _ . _. ___ ... . . .. ......... _.. __
216
227
Dniry Industry. . ..... . .
. .. . ... •. ... .. . .. ...... ............ __ _
Entomology nnd Plant Quarantine . . . .. . ..... •. ................
9,399
14.022
7,343
Forest Service . ___ ____
_. . • ...••• . ...............
12.11.12
5. 762
13.!~ I
Home Eoonomlcs. __ __ _ _ . . .
_ . . . ... . ..... . .............. .
252
186
National ... grlculturnl Research Center . . ...•.............. ....
909
536
241
Rural Electrification Adrninistrntion .. .. ......... . .. ............ .
243
209
· · ·1.002 I
Soil Conservation Sen·ice
_.. ... . ... ..... . ...... .... .... __
18,246
5,861
1====1====1====1
Del)flrtment of Commerce
121
94
211, 812 I
Coast an<l Oeo<letic Survey
West her Bureau . _
46
Department of the Interior
Fish and Wildlife Service. ___ ............. . ......... . ........... __
ln<llan Affairs __ .. . _
General Land Office a.
Na t.ional Park Service
Rec-lama lion .
Territories and Island Po&'M'sslons . .. .. . ......................... _.
Alaska Railroad
__
Aln~ka Road Commi~ion
Alnska-miscellnneous
Vir!!in Islands _.. _
Departnie.nt of Justice : Bureau of PrisofL~ . . · · · ···· - -- - - - ------ - -- .
Deportment of Lahor: Labor Statistics
_. .. . .. . ..•.......... _
Library of ('on!!ress __ _ _ . _. . _ _ _
. .. . .. .. ............ ..
Dep,,rt.ment ol the Navy: Ynrds and Dorks
. .. ........ .. ..... __ .
Federal Security A~rncy: Offit-e of F.ducotion . . . . •...... ..... .... _
Deportment of the Treasury __ . .
r.oast 0l18rd
_
. . _.. ... ____ .. . ....... _
Internal Re,·e1111e
_
. ..
_ ··- ·•·······
Office of the Secretary (Division of Tax Research) . . .......... __
Veterans' Administration............. ... . . ... . ... . . .. ...............
War D81)1&1'tme11t __
I
=
I=
41, 20.1
=-----=
15, 1:Ja
·= - -
61
31
II
46
6.Mfl
6,2111
93
- :fiJ4.j "
94
88
45
60
46
46
40
30
6,713
6. 745
6,405
5,SM
600
607
73
57
41
5,340
612
35
38
648
3
30
4. 633
75
21 . 2118
13,408
3,273
2,552
100
l05
8,785
179
48
5,557
51
16,035
4,859
1,: 1,~ :.: :. :4:~+······~ . .....:~:: ::::::::
l===I=,=
:l6=J=l=====l=,=44=6=i====1=00= [===60
= 7,l ====7=26=l,===628=
111.
2:11il'I
2,178
1.~
:1~
10.
!~
11. 4i~
I
10,
-- -------•·
:m
I, 116
108
9.632
247
2.000
i~
90
8, 189
237
==W3 ===~=9=1,===l60=1===2=1:=!cl=====I=====
___
3,_03
._'_2 . _ _ _ _◄_03_ •_ _1_._3_19_ 1_ _ _1 _ 4 _ 5 · l134
- - - - - ~ - - -98
1
381
153
H7
145
134
98
1
•1
8.%
I. ~15
250
938
-------------------------·-----------------------•==4=4.=8=77=!
Corps of En~ineers ......... ······ ·············-················
Quartermaster ('orps
12,250
105
49
45
E.ecutive Office of the President: National Resources Plannin~
BOArtl" .. . .
-•• __ _. ..... ... ........... __.. ... __
I~~
I 1, 763,
244 i I. 410,930
=====
[ 1,3fi9,Tl7
I=I, 708,675
==
I
I
55,817
I
Dept1rl m,11 t of A irriculture . __
March
I, .~12
886
1,008
27, 5116
18,006
IR. 380
13. 543
I
10,170
I, 979
I
123 ,
16,257
867
12. 676 '
TT9
9,391
1, 140
I
- -- - · · - -42,898 ,
· I, 17:i"
I.
J.~(I
26. 446
· - - --
76ft
17,240
!l49
·' Data represt>nt Bvernges or weekly emJlloyment rotmts nrnde durinJ! the mnnth~ .
8 Publi c land im·entory projeels opt•rat.ed hy the 1'11tionnl Hesourccs
Plnnnin~ Hoard of tht1 F.xecutive Office. of the Presi<lent with 111:!JI Act. funds
were rontinued with 11r.m Ac·t f1111ds ori~i11111ly allocnte<l to the National Resources Planning Board and subsequently transferred to the Oeoeml Larnl
Office of the Department of the Interior .
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44
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
agency projects as compared with a totnl of
86,000 in the preceding month. Part of this
reduction represented the transfer of projects
previously operated by other F ederal agencies
to the state programs operated directly by the
WPA. The largest average monthly employment on F ederal agency proj ects during the
1941 fiscal year (56 ,000) was recorded in September. By Jun e 1941 employment on these
proj ects had dropped to 41 ,000.
More than three-fourths of the workers on
other Federal agency proj ects in June 1941
were working und er the supervision of three
major agencies- the War D epartment, the
Navy D epartment, and th e D epartment of
Agriculture. Proj ects operated by the Quartermaster Corps of the War D epartment provided jobs for nearly 9,400 WPA workers, and
those of the Navy D epart ment 's Bureau of
Yards and Docks employed about 8,200 persons. About 6,500 and 6,200 workers, respectively , were working on proj ects of th e
Bmeau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine
and of the Forest Service, both of the D epartmen t of Agricultme. The National Park
Service of the D epartment of the Interior and
the Soil Conservation Sc>rviee of the D epart-
Employment on airport projects was greatl y increased in 1941;
these workers are laying concrete for a turning circle
ment of Agriculture were the only other
Federal agencies providing jobs for more than
1,000 persons on WPA proj ects.
Two major types of activity predominated
among the proj ects operated by other F ed eral
agencies. The first comprised the construction
and repair of army forts and naval and air
bases, und er the direction of the Quartermaster
Corps of the War D epartment and the Bureau
of Yards and Docks of the Navy D epartm e nt.
The second consisted of work directed toward
the conservation and improvem ent of natural
resources; these proj ects were conducted by
the Soil Conservation Service, the Forest Se rv ice, and the Bureau of Entomology and Plant
Quarantine, all three of the D epartment of
Agriculture, and the National Park Service of
the D epartment of the Interior. In June 1941,
between 18,000 and 19,000 persons were employed on each of these major types of activi ty.
Proj ects providing employm ent for white collar
work ers in research and statistical work acco unted for a large slrnrr of th e remainder.
Employment by Types of Projects
Proj ects operated und er the WPA program
cover a wide variety of activ it ies and utilize
the skills of workers with a wide variety of
occupational backgrounds and t raining, reflecting differences amon(T co mmuni ties in the
kinds of public facilities and services needed
nnd in the occupational skills a.nd abilities of
local unemployed worker eligible for WPA
jobs. The proj ects included both co nstruction
and nonco n t ru ction activities and both defense
a nd nondefrnse work.
Co ntinuing the pattern of prev ious years of
WPA operations, t he great majority of project
work ers in t he fi scal year 1941 were employed
on co nstru ction proj ects. Since th e beginning
of the program, however, there bas been a.
grad ual increase in the relative numbers of
persons employed on noncoustruction proj ects.
At Lhe end of the 1940 fiscal year, 74 percent of
all workers employed on proj ects operated by
the WPA were engaged in various types of
constru ction work, but at the end of June 1941
construction proj ects accounted for only 68
percent of all proj ect work ers. A considerable
part of the declin e, however, may be attributed
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45
EMPLOYMEN'r AND EARNINGS
to the employment on the national defense
vocational training proj ect of a number of
workers (representing about 3 percent of the
total) who would normally be engaged on
projects of construction types.
A considerable share of WPA project work
during the 1941 fiscal year was direc ted toward
d efense objectives, and th e emphasis placed on
this type of activity continued to increase
throughout the year. At the beginning of the
year about 14 percent of all WPA workers wer e
employed on projects that were considered
important to the national defense. By Jun e
1941 about 30 percent of the total, or 419,000
persons, were working on defense proj ects
including those operated by other F ederal
agencies with WPA funds . Most of the
d efense workers (83 percent) were employed on
various kinds of construction proj ects, such as
those for th e development of access roads,
airports, and facilities at military and naval
reservat ions. The r emaining 17 percent were
engaged in activities outside the construction
field that were of value in the defense program.
Among these were the workers being trained
for occupations n eeded in defense industries.
Although the WPA's participation in the
national defense effort incr eased the emphasis
placed on some kinds of projects and consequ ently raised the percentage of workers
employed on them, it did not radically change
TABLE )0 .-
Pro jects for t he improvem ent of roads provide j obs for large
numbers of WP A workers
the relative importance of the major types of
proj ects. Proj ects for the constrnction or
improvem ent of highways, roads, and streets
continued to accotmt for the larges t share of
the total employment on projects operated
by the WPA. Employment on these projects,
however , represented only 36 percent of total
employment in Jun e 1941 , as compared with
about 43 percent a year earlier .
Proj ects for the construction of public
buildings provided jobs for n early IO p ercent
of all WPA workers at the end of June 1941.
These projects involved th e construction or
PERC ENT AGE D ISTRIB U TION OF PERSONS EM PLOY E D ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY MAJOR
TYPE OF PROJ ECT
SELECTED PERJODS, l\fARCJI 193/'r J UNE 104 1
March
1936 A
Type of project
.March
1937 A
March
30, 1938
March
22, 1939
!\l arch J uno 26. Sep~ m - Decem - March
27, 1940
1040
bT~7i'· ~~~· 26, 1941
June 25,
1941
- -- - - - - - -- - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - T otaL
Division of Operations __ _____________ ______ __ ________ High ways, roads, and streets . _______ ___________ _
Public build ings _
____________ ____ _
Recreational fnc.i liti6.s (excluding bu ildings) __ __ __
Pu blicly ow ned or operated uti li ties . ______ . ___ __
Airpo rts and airways _ _ __________________ __
__
_ ______ ___ _______ __ _
Conser vation ...
Sani ta tion ______________ _________ _____ _______ _
En,:!ineeri ng surveys ____________________________ _
O ther ______ ---·------------ ----------------·--Di vision of Comm unity Ser vice P rograms ___ . . ____ ___
Pu bli c activities __ . __ .. _--- __ _____ - ___---- ___ . __ __
Research and records ___ - _- . - - - - - - - - - - - - - . -- - - - ___
Welfare __ ___________ _________ ______ ___ _____ _____ _
Other. _______ __ ____ ______ _________ _____ ___ ________
0
~:~~
A
8
100.0
100.0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100.0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
37. 2
8. 2
10. 5
0. 0
:J5. J
8. 4
8. 4
10. 2
1. 6
5. 6
2. 8
43. 0
i.6
8. 6
10.
1. 3
4. 8
3.1
0. 4
0. 9
44. 2
8. 1
7. 0
42. 5
9. 1
5. 7
10. 0
I. 4
2. 5
1.5
0. 5
36. 8
4.4
I. 3
1.1
3. 9
II. 2
3. 8
2. 7
I.I
0.5
I. 2
35. 5
9. 7
3. 9
9. 0
5. 1
2. 2
0. 0
42. 0
0. 2
5. 0
0.5
2.0
2. 3
1.3
0.5
1.0
39_4
8. 6
I. 4
4. 9
2. 4
0. 4
43. 6
7. 1
5. 3
10. 6
1.0
3. 9
1. 6
0. 4
--.- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - -70. 0
75. 4
80. 5
ill. 4
74 . 3
72. 8
71. 4
74. 8
69. 7
68. 0
- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -
1. 5
6. 7
3. 6
(" )
2. 3
( B)
3. 5
~ ~ ~
4. 6
2. 6
13. 0
0. 8
6. 1
3. 5
14. 0
I. 0
4. 8
2. 6
11.4
0. i
IO. I
20. 1
I__:::_:_ ~
91
4.
3. 2
11.2
0. 8
5. 8
3. 9
14. 0
0. 8
1.1
I.I
0. 5
1.0
~ ~-=~
6. 9
4. 2
13. J
0. 5
~-~~f~-~".".-~~'.1.~~~~~~'.~'. g_-::::::::::::::::: :::::_::_t:::-::::: ::::::::: ---·-o:o1- ·-0:1-i-----i:o·
0
10.9
2. 7
2. 7
I. 2
0. 4
8. 5
6. 7
4. I
13.6
0. 5
6. 5
3. 9
15. 1
0. 6
6. 7
3. 9
16.1
0. 6
7. 4
4. 3
15. 9
O. 5
U
i:~
t8
L
Data rela te to the last half of tbe mont. h .
Sell8rate data are not available; included in research a nd records.
Digitized by
Google
46
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
renovation of school buildings, municipal buildings, and various structures designed for recreational purposes, as well as armories, airport
buildings, and buildings at military and naval
establishments that are of value for defense.
Almost as large a share (9 percent) of the
WPA workers were employed on public utilities
projects as were engaged in work on buildings.
The utilities projects, however, provided a
slightly smaller percentage of the WPA jobs
than they did a year earlier, when 10 percent
of the workers were so employed. Projects for
the improvement of sewage collection and disposal facilities accounted for a large part of
the 120,000 workers who were working on
publicly owned or operated utilities in June
1941. Construction of water purification and
supply systems also provided jobs for large
numbers of workers.
Development of airports and airway facilities
provided jobs for about 5 percent of all WPA
workers at the end of June 1941 (Table 11).
Nearly 68,000 persons, representing several
times as large a share of the total employment
as in the preceding year, were employPd on
thC'se projects.
All the other major groups of construction
projects employed a slightly smaller proportion
of the WPA workC'rs in June 1941 than a year
earlier. Projects for the construction of recreational facilities such as parks, playgrounds, and
athletic fields provided jobs for some 51,000
persons, or about 4 percent of the total.
Conservation of natural resources-chiefly work
to prevent erosion and facilitate water conservation-required 29,000 workers. In addition, about 15,000 workers were engaged in
sanitation work including improvement of
drainage systems and malaria control activities.
More than 373,000 workers, or about 28 percent of the WPA total at the end of June 1941,
were employed on community service programs
covering a variety of activities in the nonconstruction field. Most important among
thesC', in terms of c>mployment, were community
wc>lfare activitic>s. Thc•se included projects for
t,he opnation of sewing rooms in which large
numbns of women were employed in the production of clothing and household goods for
distribution to needy families and public
institutions. Other welfare activities included
the preparation of hot lunches for school children, the provision of housekeeping aides to
assist needy families when the regular homemaker was ill or some other emergency existed,
and public health and hospital work.
Public activity projects, which made a variety
of educational, recreational, and cultural opportunities available to the public, provided jobs
for large numbers of WPA workers. Some of
these workers conducted literacy, naturalization, and other adult education classes or
assisted in the operation of nursery schools.
Others were employed on projects that supTABLE 11.-NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WP A, BY TYPE OF PROJECT
JUNE
26, UM!
Number
Type of project
Peroent
TotaL ---------------------------·-----·---- 1.327, 762
Division of Operations____________________________
100.0
===I===
903,240
68. 0
___ ___
,,
Highways, roads, and streets__________________
Public buildings ____________________________ _
470,1145
35.li
128. 686
11.7
Educational buildings ___________________ _
Other buildings __ _
41, 194
87,492
3. 1
S.11
Recrutlonal facilities (excluding buildings) ___ _
-----51,414
3. 11
Publicly owned or operated utilities __________ _
119,970
9.0
Water purlllcatlon and supply ___________ _
Sewage collection and disposal ______ • ____ _
Other utilities.
______________ _
27,489
69,691
2. 1
22,790
5. 2
1. 7
Airports and airways
67,987
5. 1
Conservation ___ .
28. 938
2. 2
15.505
13. 433
1.0
Land and water conservation _____________ _
Other conservation__
_______________ _
1.2
-----14,959
1.1
O. Ii
-------------
6,397
13, 1144
Division of Community Service Proirrams_________
373. 4&~
2ll.l
t~~[~!!~rng surveys __ ::_-::::::::::::::::::::::
Other_
1.0
Public activities.
97. 776
7.3
-----Education _. _____ . __ . ___________________ _ 23,197
1.8
R('<'rPation _ __ ____ _______________________ _
31, R.16
2. 4
21.
723
1.6
Llhrary__
. - ---- · -- · -- -- --------------4,216
0.3
Museum_ . . -----------------·----------0.
4
5.
098
Art
------------------------------8. 622
o.e
11 usir. __ . _
. . ---- -- . . - . -------- ----0. 2
3. 084
Writing ______ -- ------- -- --------------------ReS<'arch and records _________________________ _ 57,229
4.3
ReSl'arch and surveys --------------·---Puhlk rerords
_-------------··---Historical records survey ______ -----------Welfare. __
Public health and hospital work __________ _
Sewing ______ . ___ . ___________ -----------Production (excluding sewing) _______ ----How,ekeeping aide~.__ ___ _____________ _
Holl8Chold workers' training ______ _
___ . _________ _
School lunches .. _ _
Distribution of surplus commodities ______ _
24,834
26,495
5. 000
1.9
2. 0
0.4
211,291
16. 0
13. Oil
95. 278
II, 136
34, 397
664
35,007
al, 808
1.0
7.2
0.8
2.8
0.1
2. 7
1.6
36,910
14.127
1.1
------
-----0.5
7,189
-----National defense vocational training ______________ _
Other ____________________ -·······--------_ - - --
Other_--·- . ___________ .___
Digitized by
. _____________ ----
Google
2.8
47
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
plemented local library services or on locally
sponsored art, music, and writing programs.
In addition, many WPA employees were working on research, survey, and records projects
that provided assistance for various activities
of governmental agencies, universities, and
other public agencies or were being trained for
ocmpations needed in defense industries. (The
deft>nse training project is dPscribed in some
detail in another sPction of this report.) The
numbers of workPrs engaged in these activities
at the end of June 194 l arr shown in Table 11.
Tht' kinds of WPA projects undertaken differ
in relative importance from state to state. In
all the states more than half the WPA workers
in Junl' 1941 were engaged in work on construction projects, and the proportion ranged as high
as three-fourths in nine states. The major
types of projects, however, showed a wide
rang<' in relative importance. Barely a sixth
of all WPA workers in Maine, for example,
were employed on the construction or repair of
highways, roads, and streets, but such projects
accounted for over thrcp-fifths of all WPA jobs
in Arkansas. The construction and improvement of airports and airways required the work
of half the WPA workers in Maine but less than
5 percent of the total in a majority of the states.
SC'wing projects employed 1 out of 5 WPA
workPrs in New Hampshire but only 1 out of
100 in TennPss1•<•.
During the course of the yrnr changrs occmwd in the distribution of WPA employment
by type of project in most states and in the
country as a whole. W eathcr conditions influence tlw numbers that ,~an ht• employed on outdoor c·onstruction work, particularly in the
northern states. Changps in the level of WPA
t>mployment and in the occupational qualifications of the workrrs in 1wed of jobs cause
fluctuations in the proportions that can he
effectivt•ly employed on t.he several types of
projects. An additional factor during the past
year has been the emphasi~ on projects that are
important to national ddt•nse. Although these
activities did not, product• any radical change in
the distribution for the country as a whole,
they did effect markt-d changes in a number of
states. The number of workers employed on
th<> major types of proj<'cts at. the end of June
1941 is shown by states in Appendix Table IV.
Hours and Earnings of WPA Workers
During the fiscal year 1941 the standard
schedule of wages, as developed in accordance
with provisions of the ERA Act of 1939, continued in force. This act bad specifically provided that "the monthly earnings schedule shall
not be varied for workers of the same type in
different geographical are.as to any greater
extent than may be justified by differences in
the cost of living." The three bases for differentiation in wages that had been adopted at
the beginning of the WPA program continued
to apply: the degree of skill required for the
job to which the worker is assigned; the section
of the country in which he lives; and the degree
of urbanization of the county in which he 1s
employed.
Variation in wages on the basis of skill is
provided by five wage classes- unskillt->d "B,"
unskilled" A," intermediate (semiskilled), skilled,
TAsu; 12.--ScHEDUUJ m· MoNTHl,Y EARNINGS OF WPA
PROJECT WAGE EMPLOYEES
CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES
YEAR ENDING Jt:NE
JO, 1041
Wage clllSS
Counllrs elasslfle•I aet'urdlng to the IJOJ>ulation
1 I- n~~ I
Prof•~of th,•. largest m unlel- - l1-D~ ··-i -l-Tn- pality A
skilled skilled med!- SkUl,•d lslonal nod
"B"
"A"
ate
k><:lrnical
I
- ---Wa1<e Roeion I
100.0!MI or more . . . . . . . . . . [
2.5,IN)(l to 100.1100 .. .... . . . . . ,
-~,IMNI to 25.1100 . . .. . .. . . I
F,•w,•r 1h1m 5,000 . . • . . • . . .
$52. 00 [ $57. 20
t!I. 10
52. 00
42. 90
48. 10
39. 00
42. 90
l00,000 or m orCl __ _.
25.1100 111 lll0,000 . . ...
$!,2.
t
48. 10
41;. 80
... 20
. __ .
J
.
Fewer than 5,IJOO . . . . .
62. 40
57. 20
52. 00
I
$94. oo
8C,O
76. 70
68. 00
$80. 70
81. 00
74. 10
6i. 00
I- - I - - -- - - - - - ' - - Wage Re~ion II
I 00 $57. 20 I YO- I1-180.·--,- I oo I' to 90 I
I
I
5,oKN)lo 25.lMKl
$611. oo
I
f
: -
-
$68.
52.
02.
50. 711
49. 40
61. IO
s11. 80
1·- - -- - - I I
I
70 [
8 1.
79. :io
st..lO
81. 90
76.•o
I
$94 . 90
1s. oo
--'----
Wag!' R,•~lon Ill
llMl.000 or more
;'6,fM)0 le) 100,000
to 2MKIO . . . . . .
~~• w,•~ I han 5.000 . .
,,,IKMI
·;.;_ ~~,o. 70 ; $6~ IO ' $711. 30 /
I U . 90 I 4~. 10
S7. 20
74. 10
36. w
to. 30 48. 10 02. 40
I 31. 20
3!,. 10
42. 00
54. 00
I
I
- - - --
1
-
- --- -
1-
---
I
f;SI. llO
75. 40
65. oo
65. llO
- --
Wa~,· H,•gton 1-- Conncctlcut. l>rlnware, lllstrir t of Columbia 1111noi~, ln~tia na, lown, ,Knns~s . ~lnin<• . .:\·faryhmd, ~lns.... al'1111setts. ?\fiehigf!'n, ~-~ mrn\so_t.B, :\-ll~soun. ~1•hraska, N1 JW Hampshire, New Jc.•rs1•y,
:-;cw ) ork, :'sorth l>okoto, Ohio, l'c•nnsylvania Hhotlc Island South
l>akota. Vrrmonl. \\"pst. Yindnin, \\' i:'.lconsin.
'
'
W~,• H,•glon H -A rizona, ('alifornin. Colorado Idaho Montana
Ne\atla, Nt.•~· ~f CX IC.' O, Ort•j?OD, rt.ah , \\'R.....hiDJ!lon, "\vyomir:)?:.
'
\\ _s~e lteg1on Ill_- Alnhnma, .-\rksnsa.,. Floricla. O,•or~ia, K,•otucky,
Lou,smna, !\I is.siss1p1J1, )'forth Cnrollns, Oklahoma, South Carolina,
Tt.•nnWi.-.Pe, Trxa..-,, \ lr~m1a.
• Since Mareh _1941 the c·la.s.sitkation of ,-,untl,•s ha.• been b&.-.•d on
thP l!HII popt1Jn11on of the muni ··i palil.il's: prior to that 1.ime thl' lll30
populatmn was t1Sf•d .
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
and professional and technical. Geographic
differences are taken into consideration through
the division of the continental United States
into three wage regions: Region I, covering
the northeastern and north central parts of the
country; Region II, the western states; and
Region III, the southeastern and south central
sections. A separate wage schedule has been
established for the territories and possessions.
To provide for the third basis, variation in the
degree of urbanization, the counties within each
region are grouped according to the population
of their largest municipalities: 100,000 or more;
25,000 to 100,000; 5,000 to 25,000; and less than
5,000. 3 The variations in wages on these bases,
from $31.20 for the least skilled workers in the
rural counties of Region III to $94.90 for highly
skilled proft•ssional and technical workers in
the largest cities of Regions I and II, are indicated in the accompanying schedule (Table 12).
The necessity for a certain degree of flexibility
in the application of the wage schedule has been
recognized. To allow for the higher cost of
living in areas adjacent to large urban centers,
adjustments in wage rates have been authorized
for counties or parts of counties included in
metropolitan districts as defined by the census.
Special adjustments in wage rates may also be
applied temporarily to mdividual projects on
which the entire labor force or a major portion
of it commutes to work from a county with a
higher living cost.
Under current statutory provisions all project
wage employees, with certain specific exceptions, are required to work 130 hours per month
but not more than 8 hours in any day or 40
hours in any week. Exemptions from the
limitation on hours of work are permitted by
law to protect work already done on a project,
to make up time lost because of illness or factors
beyond the worker's covtrol, to meet an emergency (such as flood or hurricane) involving the
public welfare, and to expt>ditc work on projects
certified by the Secretary of War or the Secretary of tlw Navy as being important for military
or naval purposes.
Under the provif,ion made for certified defc-nse projects, the Commissiorn'r of Work
• Prior to March 1, 1941, the cla.ssitlcation <>f countiPs was hased on the
f'ifl<'t•nth Cmsus ol the United Stall's, 11130, Population. Since that
date the Sixteenth (IP-IO) Cmsus ha.s hccn the hasis of classifkation.
Projects in March 1941 authorized state WPA
administrators to raise the working schedule
on certified defense construction projects up to
48 hours per week, with a proportionate increase in monthly earnings. This authority
may be used only when all other means (such
as the use of multiple shifts, the employment
of additional workers by the project sponsors,
or the use of additional equipment) are found
to be inapplicable or insufficient. Permission
has also been granted to state administrators to
exempt certain categories of WPA trainees from
the standard lin1itation of hours and earnings.
TABLE 13.-NuMBER OF HouRs WORKED ON PROJECTS
OPERATED BY WP A, BY MAJOR TYPE OF PROJECT
CU>IUI.ATIV£ THROUGH AND YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1941
Cumulative
throul=!h June
:io, 1941
Type of pT'lject
Numbt>r
Year ending June
30, Hl41
Perepnt
Number
Icent
Per
---1
Total .... _. ____________ .
ll i~hways, roads, and streets.
Public buildings __ ... _ .
16,895,179,744 100. 0 2,476,654,470
100. 0
40. ~ 948. 321. 3:12
8.2 224, Ot\O. :l-15
311. 3
6, 80 I. f,80, 825
1,378, till.', 853
Recreational facilities (exciu<lin~ buildings\___
.
I, 297,009, 2S3
Puhiidy owm•d or OJ)<'ratPd
ut1hties_________
___________ l,.'il!l,960,385
Airports and airways .. _. . . . . _
Conwrvation ____________ .. ____
284. 822, 160
677, ,596, 790
Sauitation ____ .. __ . __ .. __ ......
427. 76R. 4f6
&>wing______ __
______ _____ 1,518,727,277
11.0
7. 7 110,322, 3.'i6
4. 4
9.4 252, 6.12, 362
I. 7 76,460,604
4. 0 60. 782. 900
2.5 31. Ot\4. 116
9.0 176,262,500
10. 2
l. 1
2. 5
1. 3
7. I
14.3 400. 113. 054
19.8
Community serviCI' (exciudin~
sewin~) . __ . _____ ... .. _____ . 2,422.775, 704
National defense rncational
training__________
MiS('ellaneous .. __ ...
40,183,8.''3
46,1, 959,188
0.2
2. 7
40.18.1. 8.'i3
66,4.,0, 1149
1.6
2. 7
In June 1941, 12 percent of all WPA workers
were working under these exemptions. Exempted employees were most numerous on airport and airway and public buildings projects.
More than three-fourths of the airport workers
and a third of the persons employed on public
buildings projects at the end of June 1941 were
exempted from the standard limitation of hours
and earnings. ThPse two groups together represented 60 percent of all exempted employees
at that time.
The monthly an•rage of scheduled hours for
all project wage employees has risen in recent
mon tbs, largely because of these exemptions.
The increase in the number of exempted workers, togPther with cl11rnges in the proportion of
workPrs assig1wd in the various wage classes,
has also resulted in a rise in average full-time
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49
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
monthly earnings of all WPA workers.
In
WPA Jobs in the Various Wage Classes
June 1941, full-time earnings averaged $59.60,
as compared with $56.40 in June 1940.
The
average scheduled monthly hours and earnings
of WPA workers are somewhat greater than
the average number of hours actually worked
and amount of earnings actually received.
The difference is attributable chiefly to loss of
time because of illness or other reasons and to
interruptions in project operation or transfer
between projects.
During the fiscal year 1941, all WPA project
employees (including project supervisors) earned
a total of approxima.tely $1,119,800,000, for
which they worked about 2,476,700,000 hours
(Table 13). The hours worked amounted to 34
percent less than the total hours for the fiscal
year 1939, the peak year in tenns of hours
earnings, and average employment, and to 15
percent less than the total for 1940. Total
earnings for 1941 represent the lowest annual
figure since the fll"St year of WPA operations
and are 40 percent less than the 1939 total and
13 percent less than the total earnings for the
fiscal year 1940.
Persons employed on WPA projects differ
greatly in their occupational backgrounds and
range from unskilled workers to professional
and technical personnel. Unskilled workers are
most adversely affected by unemployment and
they have always been the most numerous group
among WPA employees. At the end of June
1941 persons assigned in the unskilled wage class
represented about 61 out of every 100 WPA
workers. Of the 61 unskilled workers, 55 were
assigned in the unskilled "A" wage class (chiefly
manual laborers) and 6 were in the unskilled
"B" wage class (which includes such workers as
charwomen, messengers, and janitors).
The remainder of the WPA workers in June
1941 were assigned to jobs requiring a higher
degree of skill. About 17 percent were in the
intermediate (semiskilled) wage class. In this
class are found helpers t-0 skilled or professional
and technical workers; operators of powerdriven equipment and tools requiring repetitive
manipulation (such as graders and jack hammers); and most officP machine operators.
TABLE 14.-PER!'ENTAGE l>ISTRIBUTJON OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY WAGE CLA88
flELl!CTED PERIODS, JUNE 1936-JUNE 1941
ProJert wage employees
Period
Grand
total
Unskilled
A
Tot.al
Or<'UP
"A"
Tot.al
Intermediate
Skilled
Professional and
U>cbniml
ProJeet
super•
,-isory
employees
JIWI
June•------- ______________________ _
1m
June•-. _______ ----------· __________ _
100.0
112. 7
d6.0
11.0
12. 3
7.3
100.0
116. 0
65.1
12. 7
13.3
4.0
100,0
97.3
97. 3
96. i
i2. 9
71. II
69.9
11.1
11. 7
12.1
10. 2
10. 7
11. 5
3.1
3.0
3.2
96.8
96.4
96. 3
96.8
iO. l
65.8
71.0
70.5
12. 4
14.2
13. 5
13.8
11. 2
12.9
11.6
10.0
3.5
2. 2
2. 5
3. 7
96. 9
911. 0
96.1
116.3
70. 6
62. 7
9. 7
13. 2
13.0
11.6
2.5
3. 2
3. 2
2.11
3.1
4.0
3.11
11. 8
13. 5
3.0
3. 3
//MS
June 21'-. _.. ____ ... _______________ ..
September 21.. ____________________ _
December 2iL ___________________ _
100.0
100.0
/9/J9
March
____ -----------------------_
June
2L22__________________________
September
Z7 _____________________
----------------------_
December Z7
100. 0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
I
9.6
9.8
61. 4
60. 7
9.8
6.6
5.9
7.1
60.8
56. 1
63. 6
66.5
59. 4
14.1
16. 9
16. 3
15.3
65.0
61. 3
7.1
6.1
57. 9
55. 2
16.1
17. 3
3. 1
2. 7
2. 7
3. 3
3. 2
3. ti
3. 2
19,V)
March Zl. -------------------------June
2(1 ______ ---------------------September
25 ______________________ _
December 26____________ ___________ _
100. O
JOO_ 0
100. 0
100.0
57. 7
3. 7
19,'1
March 26 _________ ________________ _
June25 _________________________ _
1()0_0
95. 9
I00.0
95. 4
A With the inau~urntion of the new schP<lule of monthly earnin~s on SPptember 1, 1930, as prescribed in General Order No. 1, the unskillt•d wage
clus was divided into two groups: group ·•n," including workPr~ a.;signed jobs of a routine, sirnph•, nonhazardous nature, and group "A," includin&"
workers assigned to tyJX'S of work norrn111ly rlonp hy rom:t.ru('tion and ~••m·ral la.borers and to routine clerical work.
8 Data are based on p11y rolls ending during the first half of the month.
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE 15.-
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF PERS ONS EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY TYPE 01'
PROJECT AND BY WAGE CLASS
J UNE 25, 1941
Project wage e mployees
Grand
total
Type or project
Total
Total
JOO. 0
Total.
Hi e hway s, ronds, an d stree t s _____ ____ ____ _
Public buil<lin~s --_________
___
_ _
Recreat ional fac ilities (e xcludi n g huil di ngs) _
Publicly ow ned or ope ra te d ut ilities
Air po rtsandairways ___ _ __
<'o nse rvnt ioo __ _ _ ______ __ _
'an itatio n
___ _____ ___ _
F.nginceri ngs ur veys ___________ _
Other _ _
L>ivision of Commu nity ~er v icc Program s
67. i
l00. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100.0
95. 8
05.7
96. I
95.8
96. 2
95. 3
95-6
92_7
95. 3
73.8
40.2
64. 5
06. 9
73.0
66.8
58. 1
16_6
59_ I
_.
J()()_Q
JOQ_O
JOO. 0
S killed
6.1
17. 3
55. 2
0. I
67. 6
13. 7
13. 5
0. 1
0.1
0. I
(' )
Q_ I
0. 1
0. 1
Q_ b
Q_ I
73. 7
49.1
11. 8
16_2
13. 8
17_3
11.6
14. 4
18.3
35.9
14 . 2
64. 4
66.9
72.9
66. 7
58.0
16.1
59_0
-
•-e
3.3
0
12. 0
1= = = =,I= = ==
1.5
4_ 2
1. 3
2. 0
I. 7
1.5
1.3
1.5
2. 3
4. 2
4- ;J
3 _I)
4. 2
3- ~
- - --1- - 8.0
28.3
16. 1
10_1
JO. 3
12. 6
16. 9
30. 8
20. 2
1 = = = = 1 = = = = = = = = ==
•-'
7_3
4. 4
9_ 4
4 _;
1. 8
1====
____ ___ ________________1====
,___ _
,
RrS<'nrch and rveords _. _ .
W elfare .
Other
A
61. 3
9,5. 8
lntermcdiato
ltA"
- - - - - i--- - - - - -- - - - - -
Public activities
~ atio nal defense ,·ocatio11n l train in~ _
Other _______ ___
95. ◄
100. 11 ,
Group
G ronp
"B''
1== = = = = = = = = ==
Division of O~rntions
Proje ct
s upervisory
Professional
e mploy
and
technical
U nskilled
:
t
0
0
95_ i
47. 8
21. 6
26. 2
2.5. 8
14_3
7. 8
4. 3
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0
94_4
95.3
96_ 5
96. 7
13. 7
13_5
72. 8
57. 3
3_5
1.0
35. I
35. 3
J0_2
12. 5
37. 7
22. 0
31.3
5 1. 5
16. 3
23. 2
28. 5
22. 8
0. 5
12. 9
20. 9
7.•5
I. 9
3. 3
5 _6
,oo.o
97. i
59_ I
50.3
20. 2
0. 1
0. 4
50. 2
JO. 8
,o. 2
15_ 0
16. 2
23. 0
3_0
0. 9
100. 0
,,
I00. 0 I
I
...
_ ~
3_ .s
3_ 3
2- 3
40 !J
Less than 0.05 pc n.-cnt.
Nearly 14 pt' reent were in thr skilled wag<' class,
which includes such widely varied occupat,ions
as those of carpenter, roofer, power-shovel operator, and sheet-m etal worker. ,vork crs assigned to jobs in th e professional and technical
wage class which mad e up a bou t 3 percen t of the
total are architects, engin eers, registered nurses,
writers, and others with consi<lcrablc trai ning
in recognized professional, sc ien t ifi c, a nd technical firlds. Th e remaini ng 5 percent, rep rcsent e<l sup ervisory personn el.
Some of the WPA women work ers are employed on cann ing
projects
Th e number of workers assigned to the
un skilkd wage classes h as bcell relativ ely largest
when total employment is high and smallest
wh en employment is at a low level. In September 1938, for example, when WPA employment was n ear its peak, workt-1-s iJ1 the tmskilled
group represented about 72 percent of all project
employees. ,Vhen WPA employment reach ed
its low es t level at tl1e end of J w1 e 1941 , however,
only 6 1 percent of th e work ers W<'rc iJ1 the
un ski.ll ed wo ge c.JossPs. At. that time about
17 pe rcent wl'l'e os,;ig1wd to thr u, te rmcdiate
group ns compnred to 12 p<'rcrnt iJ1 S<,ptPmber
1938 . Workers o. si~n<'d to th e ki.lled wagr
cl ass rcp rcsrnt<'d about 13 p erc ent of totol
rmp loy mrn t il1 Jtm c 194 1 and 11 percent in
Srptrmber 1938.
In grnrral, un skilled workc1-s make up a
largc' r hare of the WPA rmploymrnt in rum!
t han in urbllJ1 areas. Workers assign <'d in the
un . kill ed wage classes nt the end of June 1941
rep rPsented n early 68 percen t of t h e proj ect
<'mployment in rnral counti es where the largest
t own had less than 5,000 iJ1babitru1ts. In the
high ly urban cow1ties containing cities with
100,000 or more inhabitru1ts, however, barely
56 p ercent of th e workers were in th e unskilled
group_ Workers assign ed to the iJ1termediate
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EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
wage classes represented about 16 percent of
the employment in the rural counties and 19
percent in large urban commuuities. These
differeT1ccs between urban and rural areas are
closely related to the kiuds of projects undertnken, which in turn reflect differences both in
the kinds of facilities and services required and
in the occupational backgrounds of the unemployed workers who are eligible for WP A jobs.
The various types of projects difft>r considerably in the kinds of workers they require.
Projects for the construction or improvement
of highways, roads, and streets utilize relatively
more unskilled workers than any other kind of
construction activity. Workers assigned in the
unskilled wage Glasses represented 74 percent of
the total on highway projects at the end of
June 1941. Since this kind of improvement is
most urgently needed in rural areas and also
provides jobs for large numbers of unskilled
workers, it makes up the greater part of the
WPA program in the sparsely settled sections
of the country. Public buildingR projects, on
the other hand, require relatively large numbers
of highly skilled workers. More than 28 percent of the workers on these projects .were
assigned in the skilled wage class, and a little
less than half of them were classified as unskilled.
Community service projects as a group provided
jobs for relatively large numbers of professional
and technical workers. This was particularly
true of the public activities projects, on which
more than a fifth of the workers were teachers,
artists, writers, musicians, and oth<•rs assigned
in the professional and technical wage class.
These community service projects occupied a
much more prominent position in the WPA
programs of urban centers than in those of rural
areas where few unemployed workers with experience in professional, technical, and clerical
fields were eligible for WPA employment.
Characteristics of WP A Workers
Employment opportunities in the labor market are determined to a considerable Pxtent by
such factors as sex, age, and race, as well as by
the skill and experience of the workers. TlwsP
factors do not affect eligibility for WPA employment except that the minimum nge requirement
is 18 years, hut they are important in aiding or
impeding the return of WPA workers to private
or other public employment. They are also a
consideration in the selection of projects for the
WPA program.
TABLE 16.~-NoMRER OF WOMEN EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY
WPA
Qt· ARTERI.Y, DEC'EMRER 19.'l.'i-Jt·sE 11141
J>ate
,
Number
•
I allPNcent
or
workers
- - - - - ------ /936
Decemt.._.r 24
330,732
12.1
440,193
387,841
39:1, 825
352, ll63
16.3
17. 2
15. 7
16. 4
31>1,1139
321, '175
2.'i6, :!69
284,005
16. 8
18. 2
17. i
17.0
335,ff12
405,665
13. 7
13. 3
13. I
13. 6
March 29 ...
June 28 .
Septem her XT
December XT ..
391,442
352. i84
251,071
33.l, 620
13.6
14.6
14. 6
16.1
March 27 ____ _
June 26 .
Septcm bor 2.,
December 26 ..
367,062
243,276
264,611
323,288
16.6
15.4
16.1
17. 7
March 26
June 2.,
312, 128
2,'i4, 814
March 26 __ .
June 24 ____ ..
Septomher 30
December 30 _
/9S6
March 3L ....
June 30 ___ .
Septem her 29
Dccom her 29. _
/9SIJ
March 30 .
June 211
September 28
December 28
372,058
.\09, 954
/9,'9
!
18.8
19.2
The great majority of the WPA workers are
men. Women employed on WPA projects at the
end of June 1941 made up a little more than 19
percent of the total employment. This proportion was the highest in the history of the program. A year earlier, when total employment
was considerably higher, women represented
only 15 percent of the workers, and in some
earlier months the proportion was as low as 13
percent. The ,June 1941 ratio, however, was
only slightly higher than those recorded during
the autumn of 1937, when WPA employment
was at a corn•spondingly low level.
Women workers constitute a smaller proportion of the total WP A employment than they
do of the total national labor force. Data Crom
the 1940 Census indicate that women made up
nearly a fourth of all those in the labor force, as
compared with 13 to 19 percent of the WPA
workers during the various months since the
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
beginning of the WPA program. This difference
reflects primarily the fact that most WPA jobs
are given to heads of families.
43 years of age on the average. The proportions of men and of women who were in the
younger age group (under 35) were approximately the same. A larger proportion of the
women than of the men was in each of the age
groups ranging from 35 to 54 years and the
opposite was true of the older age groups
(55 years and over).
WPA workers in 1941 were considerably
older, on the average, than all workers in the
national labor force. The median age of all
workers according to the 1940 Census was 36
years, as compared with nearly 43 yea.rs for the
WPA workers. A part of this difference is
attributable to the regulation preventing the
employment of persons under 18 years of age
on WPA projects. The fact that the programs
of the NY A and the CCC provide jobs for
young persons and the restriction of WPA jobs
primarily to heads of families are also factors.
If the comparison is limited to workers 18
years of age and over, the difference is reduced
slightly. The median for workers in this more
limited age group was about 37 years for all
workers and 43 years for WPA workers.
The chief difference between the distributions of WPA workers and the total labor force
occurs in the groups from 40 to 64 years of age.
About 55 percent of the WPA personnel in
April 1941 were in this age range, which includes only 37 percent of the total labor force.
Little differencP between the two distributions
TABLE 17.- ·NUMBER OF CERTIFIED WORKERS EMPLOYED ON WP A PROJECTS, BY AGE GROUP AND BY
SEX
CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES
APRIL :ID, IIMI
Total
Age l(l'oup (years)
I Per•
,
Number
cent
I
Men
I Women
I
I Per• · Num• I Per•
I Number cent
ber I cent
---i-
- - - - - - - , - - i - 1 - - -1
Total.......
'1.4M, 755 100.0 I, lll0,439 1100.0 261,316, 100.0
i
Ul-19 ...............
20-24 ..... .. ...... . ..
2/i-20................
30-34_.. •• .........
35-39 ...•........... .
4(H4...... . ....... . .
45-49... •.. ... . . .. . . .
50-54 ....•..........
55-59.... .. ........ .
6(Hl4
I
1
I
. • ••• • • .• • . • . . .
65 and over...........
21,9381
114,!!05 I
157,964
164, 193
16.1.206 I
188,147
187, 131
lil,569
145,205
102, ll88
34,609
1.51
7.9 I
10.9
II. 3
11.2:
13.0
12. 9 I
11.8
10. 0 I
7. I
2. 4 I
H,882 [
02,854 '
133,923:
135, 710 1
120.158
149,995
152,376 I
140,472
121,425 I
88,093
30,951 I
--------~----~'
1.3
i,0561
7.8 21,951
11.2 24,041
11. 4 28,483
10.9 33,448
12.6 38,152
12. 8 34, 755
11.8 31,097
10. 2 , 23, 780
7. 4 I 14,895
2. 6
3,658
-~·-
2.7
8.4
9.2
10. 9
12.8
14.6
13. 3
11.9
9. I
5. 7
I. 4
---
The majority of WPA workers are over 40
years of age. A survey of all certified workers
employed on projects financed from WPA funds
at the end of April 1941 indicated that their
median age was nearly 43 years. About onethird (32 percent) of th1• workers were under 35
years of age, nearly half (49 percent) in the
middle age groups from 35 to 54 yc>ars, and the
remainder, approximately onc>-fifth, were fi.5
years of age or older.
The women workers were slightly younger
than the men, or 42 as eompared with nearly
TABLE
18.-
PERC'ENTAGE D1sTRJBUTJON OF WPA WoRKERS, BY AoE GROUP AND BY
SEx
CONTIN E NTAL UNITED STATES
NOVE>IBKR 11137, FEBRUARY 1939, AND .~PRIL 1941
I
November 11137
Age group (years)
------Total
. . . . . . ................ .
February 1939
A
1
8
April UHi
---
I
I
Total
I
100. u
Men
Women
100. o
1!1-IY
20-24
2.'>-29
30-34
. ····· •········-·········•·············
........... ·········· ..•.. . .. . . .. .. . . .
•··•··········· · ······ · · · ·· .. . · . . ····· .. · · ·
.... .. ..... ·-··················•· • ··· · ··•··.
1.3 I
i. 8 I
10.8
11.5 I
.i0-54
... ·•··• · ··· • ··· · ············-·-·········· • · ·
11.i
Total
100. O
I.I
i. 2
10.91
11.5
I
100. O
2.3 I
10. 5
JO..~ I
11.7 I
i Women
Men
100. U ,
Total
100. U
100. O
I-
I
1.6:
I I. 0 ,
13.8
12.8
1.5:
II. I
14.3 i
13.0
2.2 I
10. 4 I
10.5
11.41
1.5
7. 9
10.9]
11.3
10.31
10,?
11.0
11.81
1
Men
100. O
C
I Women
I
100. 0
:z.;
1.3
i. 8
11.2
11.4
8. f
9.2
t0.9
11.8
II.~
:f!1 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: lH lti lH l!J. lH: lH; lH I lH !H
I
~
···:::::
·
:
:
:
·
::::: :
::::
:
::::::::::::::::::::
~:~
12.0
i1
~band over ......... ·•·············-·················
2.9
Median RI!• <years) .•••.•.• __ ._._ .•••...•.•.... _......
42.4:
I
;:g
3.2]
!
42.9
!
l~.I
.:;
I
!
I
u i u, t;
1.6
1.3
40.1
1
I
39.4
!
1.7 I
1.2
39.2'
40.7
11
I~:~ I
I~::
i
42.V
2.4
I
42.8
2.6
Covers Cf'rtitled and nonct>rtifled \\' PA workers rmp)nyr<I in No,·pmlwr 1937.
fi Con-rs ,,,,rtillNI WPA work<-rs ,•mplo)·<'d in F1•hruar)· 19~9 whose certifications were continued in the review ol need conducted at Ulat Umec Covers certified WP A workers employed on April 30, 1941.
A
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r1
J.f
41
53
EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
exists in the age groups from 25 t-0 39 years.
Young workers from 18 t-0 24 yea.rs of age,
however, represented twice as large a. proportion of the total labor force as of the WPA
workers. Relatively few WPA workers were
in the age group 65 and over. Many persons
in this age group receive benefits under the
social security program for old-age assistunce.
Negro workers, who represented approximately 16 percent of the WPA total on April
30, 1941, were in general somewhat younger
than the white workers employed on the program. Their median age was 41 yea.rs, as
compared with 43 years for white workers.
Negro women on WPA rolls, whose median age
we.s 38 years, were younger than Negro men,
for whom the median age was 42 years. The
difference between the median ages of white
men and women was only a.bout five months
(43.3 and 42.9 yea.rs, respectively) .
Considerable variation existed among the
states in the average age of WPA workers on
April 30, 1941. In eight southern states the
median age of WPA workers was 40 years or
less, and in 13 other states it was over 45 years,
as compared with 43 years for workers in the
continental United States as a whole.
WPA workers in large cities were somewhat
older than those in the rest of the country. In
urban areas having a population of 100,000 or
more the average age of WPA workers was approximately 44 years, whereas workers in the
remainder of the country averaged 42 yea.rs.
The men employed in major urban areas were
TABLE 19.-PERCENTAOE DISTRIBUTION OF THE LABOR
FoRcE IN THE UNITED STATES, BY
AoE GRoUP A
M4RCH :M-30, 11140
Age ,roup (years)
Total . .
!
1
·· ···•· •·· ·• · ···· ···· ····
14--17 .
18- 19 .. . . ... ..... . .. ······ · ·•···· .. . .
.. ... .................. .
20-2◄
~211 . · · ·· •• • •• ·• ••• • •·•····• · ···· ·
30-3◄
Total
....... ... ................... •·· . .
100. 0
100. 0
2. 5
2. 3
4. I
2. 9
7.8
20. 9
5. 0 ,
I◄. 5
13. 6
12. 2
◄!H4
f11Hl4 .
.
5. 9
4. 2
115 and over .
. .. .. ... ................. .
.. . . . • ••• • •• . . • • •••.. .. .. • .. ..
.. ·· · · ··· ·· ·· · ··· · · · ····· • .....
◄ ,'1---411 . . •• • •• . •.. •. •• . .. •• ..•••....••. . •
50-!,-1 . .. . .... • .• ••... ••• - .•. . ..•... - . . . • ·• • · •••••. • • • ••••
,'l.'>--.~9 . • . . .
. . . • . . •. . ••.•••••••••
Median BRe (yars). .
Women
100. 0
II. I
10. 0
35--39
Meo
1---·- - - - -
11. 2
7. H
4. 0 ,
38.0
12. 5
12. 11
15. 5
12.I
12. 3
JI. ◄
10. 5
8. 7
7. 3
10. 5
11.8
8.•~
6.6
◄. 7
4.6 1
37. 6 '
5. 6
3.11
2.6
2.0
31. 2
-' Bs!lell on J>"'llmlnary dntn Imm !!HO f'ensus nl Populnlioo (Rel.P-t, So. R) . lnclnrles J)(lrsuns 14 Y<'Jlrs of uvt• nnd over who were employed or -•ID1< employment cluriog the we<'k oC March :t-1-30, 111-10.
PERCENTAGE
-·
AGE
BY
-..
OF' WPA
GROUPS
DISTRIBUTION
WORKERS
-
_,. 1M1 _ . , - - - - , 1 -
,r,____, ,-i!J
1
•
~
,__
--
t
·-
I-
~
Ii
1,
,_
,-
,_
Ii
l
M
,e - 1• 20-u
1,
~.
n -n
Is
JO • :M
•·•
~ · .,.
46• ••
~1
.... ._ 1"-·
two and one-ha.If years older than WPA men
elsewhere (44 .5 as compared with 42.0), but
the women in the large cities were two and onehalf years younger than the women in other
sections of the country (40.5 as compared with
43.1 yea.rs of age).
The median age of project workers was only
half a year higher in April 1941 than in November 1937 when total WPA employment was at
approximately the same low level.4 The median
age for men was about 43 years in both periods,
but the median age for women workers was
about two years higher in 1941 than in 1937.
Comparison of the age distribution of WPA
workers in April 1941 with that in February
1939, on the other hand, reveals considerable
difference. The median age of workers in
April 1941 was almost three and a half yea.rs
higher than in February 1939, nearly 42.8 as
compared with 39.4 years. Relatively fewer
workers were in the age groups under 40 years
in April I 941 than in February 1939, and more
were in the higher age groups. The difference
between the two J(!ttrs is attributable largely
t-0 the character of the employment changes that
occurred between 1937 and 1941 . Between
1937 and 1939 a marked expansion of WP A employm(•nt occurred, in the course of which large
numb<'l"S of workers <'onsiderably younger than
thP typical workPr in l 9:J7 were add ed t-0 the
WPA rolls. WlH'll private employment expnnded and WPA employnwnt was rC'ducPd
.
• The ,un·cy in :-,;o\'ember 11137 co,·eroo all WP A worlcen, oonoertifted
as weU a.s oenifted.
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
between 1939 and 1941, these younger workers
were able to obtain jobs in private industry
more readily than their elders.
During the period from 19;39 to 1941 the
median age for the men employed on WPA
projects increased by three and a half years as
compared with an increase of only about a year
and a half for women workers. The actual
number of men decreased 51 percent, hut the
number of women decreased only 29 percent.
This difference reflects the more numerous
employment opportunities that exist for nwn
than for women in the currently expanding
defense industries.
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FINANCIAL SUMMARY
ORK Projects Administration activitiPs are
financed primarily from Fed1•ral funds appropriated by Congress, but a large share of the
cost is met by the state and local agencies that
propose and sponsor WP A projects. Nearly all
the sponsors' funds are used for materials, equipment, and other nonlabor items of project cost.
\YPA (Federal) funds, on the other hand, are
us(•d chiefly to pay the wagPs of project workers;
th<' amount of WPA funds available, therpfore,
limits the number of workers that can be employPd under the program. The total FPdt>ral
appropriation for th<' WPA program in th<' fiscal
year mding June 30, 1941, was the smallPst
amount made available for this purpose except
in the fiscal year 1936 when the program was
inaugurat<'d. Sponsors' contributions, however, wne larger than in any previous year.
W
of the Trea..,;;ury DPpartm<'nt for th<' work relief
supply fund; $13,440 was transferred to the Post
Office Department for expPnsPs of the Unitl'd
States Official Mail and Messenger Service; and
$1,250 was transferred to the Office of Administrator, Fedl'ral Works Agency, for administrative expeust>s. AftPr thPse clPductions had been
made, a net total of $1,380,950,000 wns left
avu.ilable to the WPA for the yeu.r's opt>mtions.
TABLE 20.-AMOUNT OF FUNDS AVAILABLE TO WPA
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1941, BY
Sot'RCE
Source
."-mount
------ --------------1----SP<'ciflc appropriations:
F.RA Act, fiscal year 1941 (June 26, 1940)
_. . __
Puhlic Law No. 9, 77th Congress (Mar. I, 11141) ...
Rooppropriated balances from prior F.RA Acts. _____ ..
'97S, II.IO. 000
375.om.mo
A
Totnl funds avnilnhle to WPA .. ... __.. _________ _
Less transfers of WI' A funds to:
Appropriations
Of the gross amount made available to the
·wPA for the year, $975,650,000 was appropriatPd by the ERA Act, fiscal year 1941, and
$:375,000,000 was added by a supplemental
appropriation (Public Law No. 9, 77th CongrPss, also referr<'d to as the UrgPnt D<'ficimcy
Appropriation Act, 1941) approvPd on 1,larch 1,
1941. In addition to tlw $1,350,650,000 in new
appropriations, $:30,540,000 in unobligatPd balarn•ps remaining from prcvious ERA acts was
rPappropriatcd, mnking 11 gross total of
$1,381,190,000 available for th<' fiscal yl'ar 1941.
DPcluctions WNI' mudc from this fund for
var1011s purposPs. Tlw amount of $225,000
was transfPrrcd to thP Proeurl'meut Di,·ision
30, [,.,19, 960
1-----
Fe<h1 ral \\"orks AJ!ericy, for admini!-ltrntion_
I, 381, 189,960
St, 260
Procurt-ment Division, for \\' ork Relier
Supply Fund
.
_
225,000
Post Ollie,, l>epnrtm,•nt, for U. S. Official
M nil and M es.sen~er Service ........... _ 13, 4-40
239.600
Net funds avnilahle to WPA ______________ _
I, 380. 9/i0. 270
•Incl111les $8.864,5.>9 of 19:l~ nn<I l!J39 act funds which continued to he
svnilnhle for ohligut.ion on Fedeml construl'lion projeds through provisions of thl• fiscal )-'('llf UHi act: of this amount.. $7,288,&.."17 was I\VRilahle for pn,jects operated by \\'P£"- and $1,b75,U72 for \\'PA projects
operated hy other F~leral t1.l,!encies.
Source: Based on reports of the U. S. Tres.,ury Department.
Allocations of WPA Funds
Most of the funds made available to the
WPA were allocated for projN·ts that it operated
dirl'ctly. The sum of $1,289,777,000, or 93
pPITent of tlw total, wn.s nllocnt<>d for this purposP. About 3 percPnt, or $4:3,i02,000, wus
55
432810°
42--5
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE 21.-AMOUNT OF WPA FUNDS ALLOCATED TO
OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES FOR
WP A PROJECTS
t·NDER THE ERA AcT, F1scAL YEAR
1941, BY
AGE!I.C1" A
THROl'!lH JUNE 30,
Agency
1941
Work
projects
Total
Administration
Total··-----· ___________ . $42, 126,42Cl $40,451,103
D,•partm,•nt of A,rriculture. ____ .
A,rrkultnral Adjustment Administration
At,rriculturaJ F.rmiomic·s ______ .
AJ?ricultural Mark<'lio~ Service ..
Dairy Industry _ _ __ .
.
EotomoloJ?y and Plant Quarantine• ___________________ _
For,·st Service .. ______________ . __
Hom£' Eronomirs. ______________ _
Nationnl A,rricultural ReS<'arch
CPntrr
. ____ ., _ _____ .
8oil Con~rvet ion Sn,·ice
Oern•rnl administrative expt'DS('s B
10. n 5. 0:1.,
II, 203,049
,1,fi;/i,31,
I
70, 8.,0 ------- --91. l!l!!
168, 4,,0 ---- --- --31i. 0.14 -----------
70,MO
91,198
lf>8, 450
36,0.'H
127, 2'28
4,738,ti63
4, 35.1, !i!,t)
127,2:?S
57, 9TJ
1,111,083
57, !173
1, 111,(183
4, 'i38, fi63
4, 3.,a ..,r,6
..
«~_(114
448,014
_. _. _ -
448,014
JJ,•partment of C'ommerce. _______ _
f«l,S26
77,594
3. 232
Coast and Qpod,•tic Survey _____ _
Weather Bun•au ······---------·
2\l, 917
00, !1()9
28,721
48, 8TJ
2,0:Ji;
U.,partment of the Interior _______ _
5. 247, 15i
5,0:l8,t\50
Fish end WIidiife Service _______ _
Ol'Dt•rel Land Offiee ..
Indian Affairs..
_____________ _
N etional Park &>r.-ice. _. _. __ .. __
514,378
42, ,127
43,858
4, 134, 89,I
411/', 099
42. JU5
3,969,574
19. 2iH
1,;01
I. ,:1-1
16,1,321
T.-rritorics and Island Posses~ions ________________________ _
511,499
491.046
20. 41>.1
Alaska-miS<•ellanrous ________ .
\'ir~in Islands . . . __________ _
60,000
4,11, 499
57, f,02
433.444
2.:198
18. Cl.I.I
roast Guard_____ ______________
Dh·ision n!Ta.x ReS<'arch________
\"t•tf>rans' Admini~trat1on _______
\\" nr Df'f)e.rtmf'nt: (JnartPrmash'r
C'nrps _____
. . __
208.50i
---
40,82fi
llepnnment of Labor: Labor Stat1st1r-s_ __ _
_
___________ _ 1,662,421
Lihrnry of r'onvrps.q. ___ .. _. _. _...
120,1100
D,•parlmmt of the NaYy: Yards
and Doc·ks .
.
11, ?71, 263
F,•cl<•rnl !¼>curity A~ncy: Offict•
of Edul'ation. __________________ _
21i0, 416
Dcpertment of the Treasury ______ .
1,1\Hi
I, 500. 336
119. .1()(1
I
.SIM)
4/\4, !;45
10,916,418
2,,0, IX)O
66.0M
I
I
10,416
=-=
49!1J,8;
470,966 ,
144.8S21
34,\ i0~ 1
139.I~ , , ~ ~
331,878
13,sr.
700.474
. . ···-•·-· 1 10,891,227
'1,
767,r.o.1
10,459,101
I
19. c;21
31.971
432.121',
, lnC'ludes funds mad,• availahl<• undn Public Law No. 9, 77th Con•
vre.,,(!\lnrc·h 1, l'l◄ I).
e ~ot disrributrd hy a~t•nc-y.
~our('(': ••Hp1,ort Showinf? th,· St!itUs of Funds nnd An::ily8'•s of Exp(•ndit.ur,•s. thP ERA Ac·t~ for tht> ~-iS(•al Yt•a1s Hia5 to J941, lrn·lusi\·p, June
:in, l!Ml" l". S. Treasury D,·partnu•nt.
nlloeated by tlw WPA to otlwr F(•dt>ral ngPIH'iPs
for tlH' opPration of WPA projPct,s and for
administrntivP PXpC'IISl'S incmTPd by these
ng<'JH'ies in conrn•ction with sueh projpcts. In
addition to the projPct nllocntions, ullotnwnts
amounting to $44,468,000 WPre made for thP
ndminist rat iv<' ex1w11s(•s of th!• WPA, $29,500
,,·ns sPt usid<' for tlw s(•t tlPnwnt of propPrty
dnmnge clnims, nnd $2,974,000 r(•nrni]l(•d u11distrih11t,Pd as of Jurw 30, 1941.
Of tlH• $4:3, 702,000 nllol'Ht(•d to ot lu•r FP<l<-rnl
ngt•neiPs during tlH' fiscal ypur, $42, 12ti,000 wns
made available from the new appropriations
and the remainder ($1,576,000) rPprPsPntPd
unoblignted balances of funds set aside' un<h•r
pn•vious acts for the completion of Federal constrnction projl,cts. The $42,126,000 in nPwly
nppropriatPd funds was distrihutt•d among 24
bureaus, officPs, and independent Pstnbfo.;hnwnts, More than half this amount, howpv(•r,
went to the War and Navy Departm(•nts. The
Burt>au of Yards and Docks of tlH' Navy Dc•partmPnt rt>ceived $11,371,000 for additions
and improvements at its shipyards, flppt and
air bast>s, and othl'r stations along the Atlanti<',
Gulf, and Pacific Coasts. For similar work at
army forts, camps, supply depots, and oth1•r
posts, $10,891,000 was allocated to the Quortermnstc•r Corps of the War Departnwnt. Of
the $19,864,000 allocated to tlw other 22
agencies, $11,203,000 was distribuh•d among
several bureaus of the DPpartnwnt of Agriculture, including the Bureau of Entomology and
Plant Quarantine ($4,739,000). tlw ForPst
Service ($4,354,000), and the Soil C'onst>rvation
Service ($1 , 111,000). Otht>r agt•neips that n•cPived allocations of more than $1,000,000 wPrP
the National Park SPrvice and tlw BurPau of
Labor Statistics. The completP list of agc'ncies,
together with the amounts allocntl'd to each
under the ERA Act, fiscal year 1941, is givt'n
in Table 21. Table VII of the appendix shows
by ng<'ncies the amounts of WPA funds nllocnt<'<I. ohligatPd, and expPndPd undPr the ERA
Act, fiscal yenr 1941, and under nil ERA acts.
Expenditures of WP A Funds
Exp('uditlll'l'S of WPA funds for all purposps
during the yenr l'nding June 30, 1941, amounh'd
to $1,326,111,000. Programs operated by tlH'
WPA aecou n tPd for $1,284,781 ,000 of tlw tot n l,
nml thl' n•nmind(•r, $41,330,000, was expPndP(I
for programs opPrnt<•d by other Federal agPncws. \VPA exp1•nditun•s for its own progrnm~
Wl're 12 pt'l"<'<'ll t lPss than in thP preePding yPtt r.
About 96 p,•r1•p11t, or $1,239,178,000 of th,•
1·XfH'IHlitun•s rnadf:' hy thP WPA in the fownl
_\'Pill' 1941, wns uspd for work projPcts and
$4.'i,.'i7,5,000 for administrntion. A small portion, $27,000, wns pnid out in Sl'ttlenwnt of
prop1·rty <l11111ng(' l"!aims.
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FINANCIAL SUMMARY
TABLE
22.-
AMOUNT OF WPA FUNDS EXPENDED FOR PROOR.UIS OPER.nED BY WPA AND BY OTHER FBDERAL
AGENCIES, BY FISCAL YEAR A
TBBOl.'OH Jl.'Xll: 311. 1941
- - --- ---=========.c=====~-=====================
Programs operated by WP A
Year ~ndln2 Jun,• 30-
Project operations
Total
Grand total
Administration
---,----,
1
Amount
Total __
.\mount
Percent
Percent
Amount
Programs
operated by
other Federal
agencies B
Percent
-----1-------1------!--------- ----1-----1----1----_. ________ . c SIi. 580,601, Ml
C SIi, 407. 406, 196 I
100. 0 I SIi. 024, 142,077
96.11 8367, 362, 184
3. 9
$173, 196, 4115
1,258-,-.30.-24-ll--<--1-,2511.--130-,24-9·•1·--100-.o I
I, 818,130,501
I, 818,130.501
100. 0
I, 427,374, 30II
I, 427,374. 30ll 1
100. 0 ;
C2,230,749,993
C2,J57,:200,362
100.0
CI, 5al, 106,078
CI, 461,700.340 i
100. 0
ct,326. 110,531
CJ.2114. ,80.4~
100.0
1936
1937
1938
11139
11140
11141
I
1.1113.567,378 I, 751. 286. 222
I, 363, SM, 376
2,067,971,970
I, 408. 571,637
1,239. 11s,494
94.11 -M,562,871 _ _6___
1 -__·__-___-__-__-___
96. 3
66,844,279
3. 7
96. 5
63,807,933
4. 5 ... 73,
.. _,; -, .;;-I
96.9
73,401,072
3.4
.,.9 ...,
96. 4
53,171,371
3. 6
68,315, 738
llfl.4 _46_,5_1_•·~_ _ _ _
a._e_ _•_1._aao_,Oll6_
1
-' Includ1•s NY A administrative expenses Incurred prior to July 111311 hut rloes not inchule runds for othn NY A act.ivlti<•s or WP A funds transferred
under the ERA .\cts or 193.'I and 1936 for land utilization and rural rehabilltaliou programs arlminlstered h)' the Farm Security .\dmlnlstratlon.
8 Includes work projects and administrative expenditures or WP.\ funds allocated under section 3 or thu ERA Act ol 1938, section 11 of the ERA
Act or 1939 and section 10 or the ERA .\ct, fiscal y1•ar 11141.
c IncJu.i.;, a total or $15,001,935 expended on miscellwwous acll,·ili,•s, includinf purd1as..•s or surplus clothing, aid to s.,lr-help and oooperatlvn asso
elations, tornado relier, and 90ttlement of property damage claims. The distribution or this total by llacal :;ear Is as follows: 1939---$16,827,320; 1 ~
k7,332; 11141--$27,283.
Source: B88ed on reports or the U. S. Treaaur:; Department.
The expenditurl' of $41,330,000 of WPA
funds by otht'r Fedl•ral agencies during tlw
fiseal year 1941 represented a decline of 29
perct'l1t from the preceding year and of 44 percent from the fiscal year 1939, the first year
in which such expPmlitures were made. Of the
funds nllocated to these other agencies in the
fiscal yPar 1941, 3.8 percent was used for administrative purposes and the remllinder was
spt>nt for projl'et operations.
Tlw chief purposes for which WPA funds
were spent during the year are indicated in
Table 23, which presents data separately for the
programs operated by WPA and by other Federal agmcies. All expenditures for projrets,
administration, and other purposes are included.
TABLE
23.-
Fluctuations in Expenditures
Thr amount of WPA funds expended in the
fiscal year 1941 was the smallest armua.l expenditure in the six years of WPA operations,
rxcept for the fiscal year 1936, when the program was initiated and developed. Total
WPA expenditures (including those of other
Federal agencies) in the fiscal year 1941 were
13 percent. less than in 1940 and 41 percent less
than the amount expt>nded in the 1939 fiscal
year, the peak of WPA employment.
Trends in WPA expenditures have been
similar to those in WPA employment, which
are analyzed in an earlier section of this report
(p. 37). Both expenditures and employment
AMOUNT OF WPA FUNDS EXPENDED •·oR PR0GRA~1:s OPERATED BY WPA
AGENCIES, BY OBJE<'T OF EXPENDIT11RE
AND BY
OTHER FEDERAi,
YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 11141
hy WPA
Object ol expenditure
--- - - -------1
Amount
Total _
Personal sen·loos
. - _... _. -- -Purchase or material.,, suppll~s. and equipment_
Rent._____ ____ _ _ _
___ _ _ _
Contractual services. __ .
Other ___ .. _
A
Programs
operated
by other Federal
uencie~ A
Prol?l'&llls 01>l'rated
Tolal
Percent
$1. :126, 11().. 531
100. 0
----------------.---Amount
Percent
$1,284,780,436
100.0
29. 180, 268
15,166,000
771,140
00.1
6.3
2.3
1.2
0.1
--------------!, 1113. 5.58. 386
00. 0
I, 158, lllO, 621
86. 1s;. 002
6. 5 i
s1. 472. 316
29. 618. 451 I
15, ;33, 244 I
1.012,;88
I
2. 2 •
21
0.1
l,
.-\mount
I
$41,330, OIIII
Percent
100. 0
35,367, 765
4, 715, 3461
438, 183
567, 154
241,648
I
Financed hy allocation or WPA funds.
Sourt,e: Based on reports or the U. 8. Treasury Department.
Digitized by
Google
83.5
11.4
I.I
1.4
0.11
58
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
CHART 7
ect pay roll periods ending within n month and other technical
factors associated with pay roll,
accounting, and purchasing procedures. Moreover, the expendit.ure figures do not respond to
changes in the level of program activity as rapidly as the
employment figures. A sharp
rise in employment during a
given month is not fully r~
fl eeted in the expenditure data
for that month because of the
lapse of time between the assignment of a worker to a project and
the receipt of hit> first pay check.
1941
Average figures , therefore, such
as the three-month moving
average shown in Chart 7,
provide a more satisfactory measure of changes
in WPA expenditures than do monthly t-0tals,
because they minimize the effect of these
technical factors.
WPA EXPENDITURES•
July11135 • J,-1941
IIO
1938
11135
1937
1938
1940
1939
. . . . . . . WPII. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.,,,, . . . . . . . ..
rose rapidly during the last six months of 1935,
when the program was getting under way.
Both followed a downward course from the
spring of 1936 until the latter part of 1937,
when WPA operations were again expanded to
relieve the acute unemployment resulting from
the 1937 business recession. Since the last,
quarter of 1938 the trends have been downward.
(See Tables 24 and 25.)
Month-to-month flu ctuations in WPA expenditure figur-es , however, have tended to be
more pronounced than those in WPA employment. To some extent this varin.tion has
resulted from differences in thf' number of projT ABI.E 24 .-
Administrative Expenditures
During the fiscal year 1941, the WPA spent
$45,575,000 for administration, including the
liquidation of obligations incurred during the
preced ing year. This amount, which represenkd 3.6 percent of total WPA expenditures
for the _vear, was the smallest. annual expenditme for administrative purposes in the six
AMOUNT OF' \\'PA FUNDS EXPENDED FOR PROGR A M S OPERATED BY WPA AND BY OTHER FEDERAL
A GE NCI E S A
Jl'! ON THI.I' , Jt' LY 19:l5-JL·NE 194 1
[In I housa mls j
I
M o nth
-
· -
- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -
T o tal .
J anu ary
.
19:15
I
I
. . .• .
... . . .. ....•....••.•.•... •.• • . . . .
. - •• •••• . •. •• - ••...••. • • • • •.••••••••••
-•
J uly
AII J,! ll ~t
N ·1•t1 •111ht1r .
O t'U,lwr
l)r('('ltnht• r.
F or prn~ rttrn s inrl u de<1,
SCI.'
1937
I
1938
I
1939
1940
102
5, ~12
Iii,. 1177
IS i .., 04
I. . 1102
I
I
JOH
---- - -1- - - - -1--
l ,l/a;, 463 I ' 1.446.054 $1,997. 512
$653, 177
I, 804. 307 SI, 440, 088
779 - 14_1._350_l--10_2_. 5.
-r-, · l -181.
- - - i - -- -l-116, 1157
121, 060
427
15.q, 8.S8
106, i78
1511.- 6
120, 431
128. 079
105. 258
11 2, 1148
I ~4. 4S7
141. 645
158, 146
145, 9M
203. 183
110, f,53
169, 937
174 . 186
134. 775
137, 214
14 2. 007
167, 211
11\:l. 974
130. ,S72
131 , 353
106, 848
152. 632
170. 739
l liU, 0 17
11 8,67 1
141. 555
99. 0IK!
l fi9. 609
lfi, l~•ll I
J!i. 1 10
.s,. 1\/i l
1~4.2\lf,
. O\l'IIIIW r
A
I
- --1-IM.
May .................... .... ........ . .. . ...•..
JI.Jil l' • • • - •
IP36
- - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ 1_ _ _ _
25 1. IO I
.. -·-- --- --- - ·-·--- · · · · · ···· -- ·-· -- -- - - ____ __
Frt, ru ur y .... _. _. _... _____ . _. ...... _____ . . ...... _.. . .
M a rch ..
. .. . ..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . .
A f) ril ..
-
171 . c'IJS
11\41 xoo
1,, : 7oa j
112, 776
ll\!. 1;4 4
w. (lO/i
9t),
!i75
95. f)i2
107. 085
167. -'>44
rn . 114
20 1, .,:l3
204, 743
191_ fi07
214, 704
141. 716
1:17. 074
IOH, 280
ll li. 1116
1IM. .,65
133. :rn1
rootno ll'S t o 'l'ablr 2'2.
So u re,,: BIL<ect on r<•port or tho U. S. Treas ur y De1,nrtrne nt.
Digitized by
Google
11 I. tl43
JI M. 402
10:1. ~9 1
11 6. 307
IOS, 407
114, 284
59
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
years of program opPmt ion. It was 14 perCl'Ut lower than the previous year's total and
38 percent less than -the amount e:.."J)ended in
the fiscal year 1939.
Tlw ERA act for the fiscal year 1941 (as
amended by Public Law No. 9, 77th Congress),
placl'd a limitation of $44,500,000 on the nrnount
of obligations that might he incurred for ndministrative expenses, and stipulated thnt
of this amount a maximum of $37,100,000
might be used for personal servicPs (salaries),
$3,600,000 for travel, $600,000 for cornnnmications, and $320,000 for printing and binding,
IPaving a balance of $2,880,000 available for
all other items.
The 1941 administrative expenditures shown
in Table 26 include clwcks issued during the
year in liquidation of obligations incurrnl in
the previous year, as well as checks iss1wd in
liquidation of obligations incurred during fiscal
year 1941 in accordance with the 1941 act.
The total expenditures in terms of checks issued during the fiscal year 1941 are, therpfore,
slightly larger than the amount of obligntions
incurrPd during the year, which did not excePd
t,he limitations specified in the act.
Most of the reduction in administrative expenditurps between the fiscal years 1940 and
1941 was brought about by a rPdnction in
administrutive pprsonnel. During the fiscal
TABLE 25.----A1toUNT OF WPA FUND>< ExPEXDED FOR
PHOGRAMS OPERATED BY
WPA AND BY OTHER
FEDERAL AGENCIES
!\,fONTIIJ \'. Jt'J.Y 1940-Jl'SF. 1941
I
1¥-lonth
Total
ProJ[rams
opnntt•d
by \\"!'A
I
1
1
(•roJ!rams
01wratt•d
by otlwr
CHAIIT
YNr IEAllln& J11ne 30, 1M1
ADMINISTRATION
3 .• ,.
·~--.... ........... ..........
...... . . .
.,,
,..
- · 6023
yPar 1941, administrative employment averagPd
21,000 persons as compared with 2H,500 in
1940 and 36,000 in 1939. By June 30, 1941,
the number had bePn reduced to 18,900 em•
ployees. About 17,200 of thPse employees, or
mon· than 90 percent of the total, were in state
and local offices, less than 1,400 were in the
e1•11tral office in Washington, and approximately
:300 were regional office and other field
t•mployees.
TARLE 26 - A~IOUNT OF WPA FUNDS EXPENDED FOR
A1n11s1,-.TRATION OF WPA, RY OBJECT OF ExP~;NDITl'RE
F,·<IPral
agt>nd<•s
8
DISTRIBUTION OF WPA EXPENDITURES
BY OBJECT OF EXPENDITURE*
YE.\I!
ENmNn .)t"SE '.IO, 1941
A
- - - - - - - - - ------!----Total ... ----------·--·-·-·· '$1,:121\, Ill
1940
Julv
111. 643
Aujmsi::::··
- :____________
,q,tt•mber .. _. . _. . _.. _. . . . . . . .. _
0rtoher
_
118,402
!03. 891
____________________
Nowmb,•r___
:~nueamr,_ber. _· -
$41.;J:JO
107. oo:l
3., 40
111.31m
IIKI, :1.,1
116,:107
108.407
112.374
___ _______ __ __
. _•. - .• _- _...
114 0 2S4
I !00 739
1941
.
1
ti~~~:--;-:-:--:-•:---:---:--;-:-;-~;-;;-;-;-:-~:,
June .... ___ .
I $1.284.7Sl
1 rn. 957
1or,.1104
I
1
~;
3.s:1:1
3.:H:i
:1. ,.45
:t ,;;3
11a 284
m:H!
i~tm'/11
t]: ~:
1
4.11\':l
3. -'-Hl
I
t~~i
t i;f.
_' lhj,·r~I_".:'_·Pl'_n_d_itu.'.:8_ _ _ _ _ J_:_m_o_,m_t__P_,,_rrrnt_
Total __________ · · ··- . _____ ___
. $4S,574,6S8
37, 724, f>S7
1, rn,,, 1:m
1.:111,513
82. 8
('ontnlC'tual St.'rviC'C's _______________________ . __ _ _
4, X-14, 538
10. 6
Hn1L.
_ _
_ _______ . ____
___
__
2. 6
2.9
Communif'ntion ____________ . ______________ __1---S-H-.3.-U"-,6-t---1.-2
Trfl\'1•1, i11dndit1ir suhsi!-h'D('(> _______________ 3,:i.Y9,3H3
7.4
Tran..,portntinn of thing~_ _ _ __
________
182,315
O. 4
l'rinlin)!nndbindin~
_ _
_
_____
47H,l69
l.J
-]~~ht, poWt.'r, watt•r, t.•lt•('trieity ____ . __
1~~: ~;~
8: t
:!rt~,',~
Ottwr
• Financed by allncntion ol \\TA lun<Js.
NJur~: Be~Nl on rt'ports of tlw t·. S. Tn~nsury DPpartm,·nt
100.0
l'n~onnl st'rviccs._" _ -·- .. ____ _
I 'Url'hU!4' of matt•riaJs, !'-uppli(•s, and t'quipnlt'ni
~1,11n·1•: TiflFl'd on n'ports
I.I
,,r th1•
{i. ~-
Trl'n~ury n,,!1Rrt.nwnt.
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60
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
CHART
II
each state. The second control
is the limitation of WPA proj1•ct
expenditures for nonlabor purposes to an av<'rag«' of $6 pt>r
month per worker in any statt•.
Currently. howevPr, projects
that have been certified by the
S<•cretary of War or the S<'cretary of thl' Navy as import.ant to the national defensl'
may be exempted from thesl'
provisions, and the WPA was
specifically authorized to sp<'nd
up to $50,000,000 of its funds
during the fiscal year 1941 for
nonlabor costs in excPss of t lw
usual limitation wlwn IH'<'essary
for the operation of certifit-d
defense projects.
Sponsors' funds, for the most part, are suppliPd by highway and street commissions; watPr,
s<•wer, an<l park departments; boards of education, health, and welfare; and similar ag<'nciPs
of municipalities, counties, townships, and
states. Comparatively small amounts ar<• suppliPd by the FPderal agPncies that sponsor
projects operated by thP WPA.
WPA AND SPONSORS' EXPENDITURES ON PROJECTS
OPERATED BY WPA, BY FISCAL YEAR
AND BY SOURCE OF FIJNDS
--0
Tllroulll J - 30, 11141
~
Of' IICILLAM
1,IOO
Z.000
JUIII: . , , _
JUM:111,1-
JUIIII . . , . .,
--
Salary payments to administrative personnel
represented 8:3 percent of the total administrutive costs of the WPA during the fiscal year
1941. Travel expenses of administrative employees accounted for 7 percent of the total, tlw
purchase of materials, supplies, and equipment
for about 3 percent, and the rent of buildings
end equipment for anotlwr 3 percent. Till'
amounts paid out for thPsP and nil othPr itt•ms
of administrative cost are shown in Table 26.
Sponsors' Funds
From its lwginning, thl' \VPA progrnm hns
bel'n a joi11t n•sponsibility of thP Ft"dt'rnl
Government and of statP and local go,·l'rnnwnts
throughout the country. Tlw stutl' and lo<'ul
ngc•nciPs (and in n frw cnsl's, otllC'r FPtl<-rul
ngPnciPs) proposl' th<• projPcts, <·oopt'rutl' with
the WPA in tlu•ir s111wrvision, nnd l'011trih11tp n
s11bst11nt inl shnn• of tl1<•ir cost. Ex1wndit urPs
mudP by sponsors during t hP fisrnl ypar 1!)41
nmountPd to $ii47,807,000, or 31 pPrcPnt of
totul projt'<'t PXJ>l'IH!itun•s. This 11mou11t r1•JH'l's1·11tPd an imTl'llS<' of 11 JWl"<'Plll ovPr tlw pn•vi011s yPu r's <•xpPnditurPs.
Tl1<• sl111rp of th<' <·ost of proj1·<·ts bonw by
sponsors is subject to two g1•11<•r11l stututory
controls. Tlw first is tht' provision rpq111r111g
sponsors to mPet nn an•rngp of at lPust 25
J><'r<·mt of tlw totnl cost of nil non-FPdPml
projp<'fs npprovP<I ufl<'r ,Jnmmry 1, l!MO, in
WPA and Sponsors• Expenditures on Projects
Operated by the WP A
Comhinl'd WPA nnd sponsors' rxpPnditures
on projPets op<-mtPd by tlw WPA during the
.nnr Pnding J111t<' 30, 1941. u.11101mt<'d to
$1.787,045,000. Th<- WPA suppliPd $1,239,178,000 and sponsors $.547,81)7,000 of this
T.,RLE 27.- A~IOl'NT OF WPA AND SPONSORS' FUNDS
EXPENDED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY \VPA, BT
f'IsCAI. \"•:AR AND BY SoPRCE OF FUNDS
THRonrn Jt·NF. :io. 1941
- --------,-_ - - - - - - - -: : -=--=- - - =======
Yf't1r Pndinfl
June :\o-
Sponso"' funds
I
II
WPA funds
Total hmrl•
I
I
I
Amount
IPP•<'<'nl
of Int.al
funds
---1
.
'
I
,
Total.···-·· $11.:lll.~,40fl,7f\4 $11. 1124.142. 077 $2,341. 264, 1187[
20. fi
---•----!--- ~---1
··•··········· 1.:i21u.~,.2112,
...••••••••••• 2,'1!il.S90.07fl
....•..•••... I. 71:o, 173.997
···········•··12•.v,.,1,911,11:lO,
..•••••••••.. l,1102,\l211.llll7
..••.•.•..•.. I, 787, IH.5, :la21
1,193 ..',t\,.:11s1
1.7!il,2!lf>,2'l2
1,:11\:l,.'illf>,:1;11
2,007,\171,970,
1,40!(.>71,fl:17
I, 2:19, 17K. 494 1
1:12.~.AA4l
:~l0.f~~1."->4 1
371.f\07,f>21 1
49:l,11:!9.0f.0
49-1,:1.17,430,
547, !jll6, !l:181
10.0
14.7
21.f
19.3
26.0
30. 7
I
~nurC't": ""PA ex1~n,llturps hnsed on r. @.. Trnmmry Department
reports; spon~ors' expe111lit11re." hH.sed on \\'PA reports.
Digitized by
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61
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
rials, supplies, and equipment; some 27 percent
was used for rent of equipment; and 12 percent
for other nonlabor costs. (See Table 28.)
Of the total labor cost, about 92 percent was
paid from WPA funds and 8 percent from
sponsors' funds. On the other hand, only 21
percent of the nonlabor cost was met by the
WPA and 79 percent was paid by project
sponsors. WPA and sponsors' expenditures
for nonlabor purposes are shown by type in
Table X of the appendix.
Despite the extra expenditures of WPA funds
for nonlabor costs of certified national defense
projects, the proportion of total WPA funds
spent for labor was only slightly less in the
fis<'al year 1941 than in the previous year
(90.4 percent in 1941 as compared with 91.5
pP1wnt in the year ending with June 1940).
It has been possible to maintain this high ratio
of wage payments because sponsors have increased their expenditures for nonlabor purposes. Sponsors pa.id 79 .3 percent of the nonlabor C'osts of all projects during tlw fis<'al y~ar
1941, as compared with 77.7 percent in 1940.
a.mount. Th<' 1941 total reprl'sents n reduction
of 6 percPnt helow the preYious year's expenditurl's and of 30 percent under the total for the
fiscal :n-ar 1939.
Objects of Expenditure
The chief purposes for which WPA and
sponsors' expenditures are made differ basically. WPA project funds are used to pay the
wages of certified relief workers and of some of
the supl•n·isory personnel; they are also used
to pay a limited portion of the nonlabor costs.
Sponsors' funds, on the other hand, ar<' used to
pay t-Jw bulk of the nonlabor costs of projects
and the snlaries of some of the supervisory
personnel, engineers, operators of heavy equipment, and other key personnel not available
among- persons certified for WPA employment.
This division of the project costs insures the
maximum amO\mt of employment from the
expl•rnliturl' of WPA funds . Furthermore, it
leaves thl' initiation of projects with high nonlabor costs ,h•pendent largely upon the willingness and ability of the project sponsors to provide t,h e additional funds necessary for thPse
nonlabor purposes (except, of course, in the
case of certified defense projects) .
Wages of project workers accounted for a.bout.
90 percl•n t of the total project expenditures from
WPA fund!'\ during the fiscal year 1941; 7 percent was usP<l for the purchase of materials;
supplies, and equipment; 2 percent was spent
for the r<'nt of equipment; and the balance of
1 pcrcC'nt was absorbed by other nonlabor costs.
In con t.rast with this distribution, only 17 percent of the sponsors' funds was spent for labor,
but 44 p<'r<'ent went into tlw purchase of mat£'TABLE
28.-
,hfOUNT OF
WPA
Types of Projects
The relative amounts of expC'nditures for the
various types of projects were approximately
thl• same in the fiscal year 1941 as in the earlier
y(•ars of the WPA program, although the emphasis placed on some kinds of work was modified
to meet the requir<'ments of the national
defense program. Somewhat sma.llt•r proportions of the total funds in 1941 than in the
preceding fiscal year were spent for road and
stre<'t, cons1•rvation, sanitation, and recreational
fo<'ility projects. lncrea.s,•s in the proportionate
AND SPONSO II!<' F U NDS EXPE:SDED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY
OF E XPE:SDIT\l llE AND B\" SO U R CE OF FUNDS
WPA,
BY OBJECT
YJtAK F.s1>1s r. Jl"SE 30, 11141
Total furuls
Wl'A funds
Sponsors' runds
-- - --- -
Ohj,•ct ol ,•xpendlt.ure
_\mount
PerC<"nt
Amow1t
Peroont
----·Amount
Percent
I P,•r<X"nt or
1
Tot al
_______ _ ------------ - --- -· -· - · -·· ···--··--- $1. 78i, 045. 3.12
Personal 8"-n 'icx:-s
_ . ______ __ --- - · -- --· ----- --- P urchase of matt\risls, supplies, and equipmt>nL ____ ____ _
Rent or cQulpm,mt.. _____ ______ ___ _____ ____---· - -- -· · ·- __
Other -- -·-- · ·-- --·- · ··-·· --·--- · · ·· · · - --- -·· ··- ·· -····· -·
1,212. 181.011
3:!I). 704, 4.57
17!1, ., 72, 1ii
74. .587, 681
100_0
$1. 239,178, 494
I
67. 8
I
18. 0
10. 0
4. 2
1, 1:al, 465, 96.f
8 1. 2 13, 002
211. 0.';.1 , 2.53
8,
~1 5
I
«.~.
100.0
$.547. 866. 838
100. 0
4
6.6
o.2. 7
91 , 715, 0.'>.1
239, 490. 495
l.'>IJ, 518. U24
66, 142, 3611
16 i
'%1 . 5
12. 1
- - - - --- 11().
31
total funds
I
I
43.71
------------------'--
Sonr<P: WP., ~~l'<'n<litures ba.scd on l' . S. Tr,11sno· Dopartm~nt rt•ports; sponsor.,' • • 1-end i1un,s b8.'!<'d on WP .4. rr1>0rts.
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30. 7
i.6
j,j_
7
83. 8
88. 7
62
REPORT OF PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
CHAIIT 10
WPA AND SPONSORS' EXPENDITURES ON PROJECTS
OPERATED BY WPA, BY TYPE OF PROJECT
v- Eadi"II
_,_
TYIJI: o, ""'°'Kt
--NICINWAVS.
.,,_,..
~
June 30, 11141
NIICDITO,TOTAL
IO
AND
PUMJCI.Y OWNED OIi
OOGIATmUTIUTID
OWUC:ACTMTIU
RECREATIONAL l'ACILJTIEa
UIPOIITS MD MflWAYa
COltKIIVATION
NATIOIIM. DUDIIC
VOCA'TIOML TMININ
-share of expc>nditures we:re reported for projects
representing work on airports and airways, public buildings, and public utilities, and for commJini ty service programs. Approximately
three-fourths of the project expenditures were
made for construction work and the remainder
were made for various kinds of nonconstruction
projects. These included a new activity undertaken by the WPA during 1941-the training
of workers for occupations need<~d in defense
industries, which is dt>scribed in a special
section of this report.
As in previous years, projPcts for work on
highways, roads, and strePts continued to predominate, although tlwy declined somewhat in
importance. Road work accountl'd for nearly
39 percent of the $1,787,045,000 in WPA and
sponsors' funds that was spent for project opl'rations during th<' 1941 fiscal yc>ar. Two otlwr
kinds of work reprpsentl'd approximately equal
shares (11 P<'r<~Pnt) of tllP total c>xpe1Hlitur<>s.
Tht>se wPre projpcts for tlw construction and
improvPmPnt of SPWl'r and water systc>ms
and otlwr public utilitiPs, which cost $194,877,000, and public buildings projPcts, on which
$188,779,000 was c>XpPndc>d. Work on parks
and othPr rc>crPational facilitiPs accountc>d for
uhout 5 pPrcmt of tlw total Airport and airway projc>cts, costing $69,777,000, Wl'rP only
slightly lPss important in tc•rms of exp<>1Hlitun•s;
airport work, how<•vpr, accountPd for about
twice as larg<• a share of tlw PxpenditurPs as it
had in the precNling year. Conservation and
sanitation work were responsible for 3 and 1
percent, respectivPly, of the total project costs.
Among the various community service projects that comprise the bulk of WPA nonconstruction activities, welfare projects accounted
for tlw largest expmditures. For this group,
which includes sewing, school lunch, and housekN•ping aide projects and those for the distribution of surplus commodities, 12 percent of
the total project funds was expended. The
public activities group, consisting of ed ucation, recreation, library, museum, and arts
projects, utilized 8 percent of the expenditures.
Four percent of the total was spent for resparch
and records projects, which make up the third
major community service group.
WPA defense work accounted for a considerablP part of both construction and nonconstruction project activities. Expenditures for
this work amounted to $434,959,000 in WPA
and sponsors' funds, or about a fourth of the
total payments for projects operated by the
WPA during the fiscal year. This amount includ<•s expenditures for noncertified defense
projects as wt>ll as for projects certified by the
SPcretary of War or the Secretary of the Navy
as being of such importance for military or
naval purposps that they may bl' operated
under benefit of the exemptions provided in
th<' ERA Act, fiscal year 1941.
Sponsors' expPnditures, which represented 31
percent of total Pxpenditures for all projects,
were• relatiwly largest on tlw kinds of projects
that require consi<lt•rable quantitiPs of materials and PquipmPnt, since th<' grPater part
of tlw sponsors' contributions are made in this
form. Sponsors' expenditures for work on
highways, roads, and strepts, and for public
buildings projects approximatPd 34 percPnt of
total costs for tlwsP typPs. From 31 to 33
percPnt of thP cost of four other types of construction projPcts-rPcrPational facilities, public utilitiPs, conservation, and sanitation-was
met by the sponsors. The community sprvice
programs, for which nonlabor PXpenditurPs
w<•rp relatively small, n'cc>ived sponsors' contributions that awrngnl 23 pPrcPnt of the total
cost during the yc>nr.
Sponsors contributed a larger share in the
fiscal yPar 1941 than in the previous year for
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FINANCIAL SUMMARY
TABJ.E 29.-AMorNT OF
WPA
AND SPONHORs' FuNDR EXPENDED ON PRO,IE<'TS Ort;R.HEll BY
TYPE OF PROJECT AND BY Sot·acE OF Fnms
WPA,
BY MAJOR
YEARS El<DllilO JUNE 30, 19-10 A'1D 1941
Year t•1J<lin~ June 30, 1940
Year ending June 30, 1941
--------------------1----- --·------~
Sponsors' funds
Total runds
Ty!)t' of project
WPA funds
Amo unt
Total
_. . . . . ...... ..
DivisionofUperaUons
$1, 78i, 045, 332
__________ - I ~ ~
Highways, roads, and streets.
Puhlic buildings
Re<TI•ational racilities (cxclud._ _
inv buildings). _..
Puhlidy owned or operated
utiliti,•s ..
..
_,,_irJK>rts and airways .. _. __... __
Consnrnt ion_.
Snnitntinn
___________
Engineering surveys.__________
Other_
689. 74,5, 215
181<, 778. 727
----·· ---•-
Amount
100. o $1. 239, 178, 494,$547, 866,838
Percent
or
tot.al
funds
Amount
I
'
Peret>nt
:,.;ational defense vocational train11,i[~~"'llancous·-'::::::::::::::::::::
A
Percent
or
total
fw1ds
I WPA funds
Amount
I
30. 7 $1,902,929. 0671- 100. 01$1. 408,571, 63i $494,357, 43ol- 26~
74.2
888,964,192,437,190,392
33.0 l,464.339,at91
i6.9, l.O/i0,105,385 414.234,1341
28.3
38. (\
10. 6
454. 477. Y27 235,267. 2SS
124,053. .'i38 64, 725, 18\l
34. I
34. 3
41. 61
9. 6
56.5, 076, 96.5 227. t,44, 006
127,844,447 M, 367, 8711
28 7
30. 2
26,322, 504
22. 2
14:l,67.5.215 56,471,686
22. 263. 20611.5, 01 I, 1461
411. 977. 559 14,379,977
21,.519, 124
8,270,.520
9,040.246
1, 9-10. 206
18, 221\. 559
8, 821\, 218
40. 3
22. 3
27.8
17. 7
32. 6
7~2. 7211, 9711
IS3, 212. 318
85,477,979
4. 8
59, 2fJO. 201
26, 217, 778
30. 7
118. 804, ,'if\SI
6. 21
194,876,686
69,777.1192
44, 4 IIJ, 971
20.W3,834
9, ois. 842
22, 431\, 238
10.9
3. 9
2. Ii
1.2
o. Ii
I. 21
132.007.564
52. 8(;7_ 0.56
29, ~92, 8ti5
13.~7.t~\9
7, 7t;fi. 382
14, f,48, 990
62.869. 122
16, 910, o:J6
14, 527. 106
7,00f;, 11\!i
I. 880. 4tl0
7, 7S7, 248
32.3
24. 2
32. 7
33.4
Ill. 5
34. 7
200, 146,lllll
37. 274. 3.',2
Ci-I. 3.57, 53fi
21J.7811.fi44
10. 980. 4!,2
27. 052, 777
10. .'i
434,379, 775
24. 3'
335. 100, 169,
oo, 189. 60t,
22. s ~40, 534. '~I~~
138, u:12. 157
72. 4211, 1114
215, 178,.549
7,848, 9051
7. sj
4. I
12.01
o. 4
104,081. 444[
.'i7, 809. 0..58
166,IJ60,0191
6,338, 7481
34,850, 71:l
14. Iii I, 101\
48,217,tl30
I, 510, 157
25 i (
20 2
22.41
19. 2.
1====1=-~
2. O
3. 4
1.6
o. 6
92. 482, Of,4
-1
I. 4
--
a59, 553, 782
1
Puhlic ac-tivititls _ __ _
Rt•s.•arch and t"Pl'Ords _ ________ _
W ,,Jrare (including sewing)_. __
Othl'f _____________ _
SponSors' runds
1
Divi~ion of Community Servioo
Programs ··-··
Per•
cent
Total funds
j
131, 2w. 319
86, 125, 131
208,662.488
14,467.
6. 9 ~ 1 4 , 4631
4. 5
70. 402, 379j
11.01 173. 704.9521
12,231.9881
230,~I
j
-~:~:~i1 -~:~] .!t!~}::'1 ll:._~:~~j -· 38:6
-·:.:i,944,fi20
1
-0.
r
28 2
1=
so, 980, 386 1~
28. tlfi4. 856
2u
15. 722, 7521
18. 3
34,957,536
16.8
2,235, 242,_ 15 5
1
I
..:J.087,530
---::_::8.57,090 -: ···-
Includes adjustm<'nL, for exC<"ss of ch•posits in the supply rund owr payments out of the supply fund and for items in transit to control accounts,
and sponsors' exJ>t•11tlitures for land, land leases, easements, anti rights...,f•way.
Source: "-ork ProjPcts _.\dminist.ration.
every major typ<• of projt•ct, except airport and
airway projc-cts. Tlw dt•clii1l' in the sponsors'
share for these projects was chiefly attributable
to the fact that most of the work done at airports was considered of great importance for
national defense and therefore Federal funds
were, in many instances, used for nonlabor
costs above the usual limitation.
The kinds of work ca1Tied on wHler tlw WPA
program in the• stat.es have been detPrmii1ed
primarily by tlw needs in the various communitiPs for both defense and nondPf Pnse facilities
and services, tlw financial abilities of the state
and local governnwnts, and th<' typ<•s of skills
posspssed by the persons available for WPA
jobs. Highway, road, and street projects are
WPll adapted to most state WPA programs.
In all but fin• stntt's, PXpPnditurPs on rond
projects excee<h•cl those on any other type during the year mcling Jmw 30, 1941, and in eight
states these projects accom1tNI for half or more
of the total expenditures. Work on certain
other types of projPcts, such as public buildings
and public utilities, repn•sPnts about the same
proportion of total expenditures in most states
as in the country as a whole. The relative
amounts spent for other types of projects, such
as airport work, consPrva tion projects, and some
of the community sprvict• activities, have varied
considerably within the United States in response to local social and economic conditions,
which during 1941 werP greatly affected by
clefonse activitiPs. The amounts expt>nded in
Pach state and tl1Pir pPrcentnge distribution
are shown by major typPs of projects in Tablt>s
XV and XVI of the aprwll(lix.
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PROJECT ACTIVITIES
purpost• of tlw WPA program
Thasprimary
always been to furnish useful employHE
ment to unemployed workers in local communities. Through the operation of projects to
attain this end, public resources that otherwise
might have been used to support a considerable
part of the population in idletwss have been
directed toward the construction or improvement of the physical assl'ts of communities in
all parts of the country and toward the performance of useful public sp1-vict•s. A great
deal of the work has been devoted to thP improvement of physical facilitiPs for transportation and communication, recrPation, education,
conservation, and public hPnlth and sanitation,
and of faciliti(•s used in the pPtiormance of
other nonnal govnnnwn ta! functions. Substantial contributions haw nlso het•n made
through nonconstruction activitiPs such as
recreational leadership, educ11tionnl sPrvices,
provision of school lundws and othPr WPlfnre
work, the prosecution of rPs<•nrch nnd rPconls
surv1•ys, and many other activitiPs.
Much of thl' work undl·rt11k1•11 through WPA
projPcts has hPPn a din•et ('ontrilrntion to thP
dl'fPnsPs of the Nation. This hus lw1•n particularly tr11P during tlw 1941 fis<"nl y<'nr, hut it
appliPs also to tlw Pnrli1•r yPnrs of progrum
opPrntion. Airports tl111 t hu n• l11•pn built or
improvPd during tl11• pu,;t ,;ix _\"1'111-s form an
importn11t part of thP '.\ 11 t ion\; 11Pri11! <h•fpnses.
lmprovPIIl<'llts m111(p by WPA work<'rs have
l11•lpPd to prPsPrvP the usduhwss of mnny militu ry and naval posts thu t ,wre bPcoming
obsoll't,<\. ThPse kinds of work were PxpandPd
during 1941 and, in addition, new defense
activities were undertaken such as tlw construction of access roads to military and industrial
centers and the training of manual workers for
occupations nPedcd in defpnse industries.
The a('complishments in many of these fo•lds
are not readily measurable. For this reason,
the record of achievement presented in this
chapter, extensive though it is, should be considered an indication ratlwr than a complete
summary of the contribution that has been
mach· by the WPA program.
Transportation and Communication
Constru('tion and improvPnwnt of the facilitiPs for transportation and communication that
are pssPntial both to tlw succPssful development of tlw national dPf<·nsP and to tlw normal
conduct of Pveryday 1tffnirs have always constitutPd the major act,ivity undPr the 'WPA
program. Tlw grPllt~•r part of the imprownwnts and additions to thP airport nl'twork in
this <·mm try sinl'e 19:l,5 hnvl' l><•Pn nuule through
WPA projPets. WPA rond work has dm11•
nnwh townrd making highwnys and roads in all
sPctions of tlw country adPquete to mPet tlw
rPquirPnwnts of modern motor transportation.
ThPse i11d11de not only the nePds of farmers and
others in rural arPns but also military and industrinl n•quirPmPnts for eccPss ronds and
strntPgie trnffic rouu•s. Work to impron• wntPr
tnmsporh1tion ftt('i)itiPs bus hl'Pll much lt•ss
t•xtensin•, hut hns bt>Pll importnnt in the an•ns
where it hus been undPrtukPn.
64
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PROJECT ACTI\"ITIES
Highway, road, and street projects are well
adapk'd to prosecution under the WPA program. The number of persons employed on
th e m can be readily increased or decreased,
a ccording to the number of eligible unemployed workt•t'S available, without disrupting
th e continuity of work. Sections of roads may
b e fully completed so tho.t they are usable in the
e v ent that Jorge numbers of ,vorket-s leave for
barwst work or other private employment.
FurthPtm.ore, projects of this type can utilize
lm~P numbers of the unskilled and semiskilled
labon•1-s who constitute a large proportion of the
total Pligible workers.
As a result of the emphasis placed on this
kind of work , the accomplishments on highway,
road , and strl'et proj ects since the establishment
of the WPA program in July 1935 have been
extensive. In the six years ending with June
1941 , o. total of some 600,000 miles of road
construction or improvem ent was completed.
During the last y ear of this period, WPA highway, road , and street construction or improvem ent averoged about 230 miles for each day of
th e y ear.
By far the greatest part of the WPA road
w ork ha b een in rural areas. Of the mileage
comple ted in the six-year period, about 530,000
represented the cons truc tion or improvem ent of
rural road as compared with 61 ,000 miles of
urban treets. In addition , about 10,000 miles
of road in porks and other rcscrv o.t ions were
com pl tc•d by WP A work er . Th ese mileage
totals in clude th<' acc<'SS roads , strategic highwo,vs. ond othN road work important for defense
purposes that are discussed briefly on page 25
of this rPport.
Important differences exist betwC'en the
kinds of roud work rt>quin•d in urban and in
rmal areas. ~Iuch of the work in urban areas
involves the widt•ning of streets, replacement
of old pavement by new and often high-type
surfacing, and the relocation of sidewalks,
cw-bs, gutter-s, and other street appm·tenances.
In rmal areas, on thP other hand , the necessary
improvem ents cons titute a simpler kind of
construction. Rural roads can often be widened
without rebuilding the entire roadbed and
high-type surfaces are not essential to carry the
anticipated traffic loads. These differences
are reflected in the fact that only about 9
percent of the roads built or improved through
WPA projec ts in rurol areas have had high-type
sm-facing ns compared with 43 percent of the
strPC'ts on which work has be<'n done in urban
Farm-to-market roads built by
WP A workers; the one above
is near Meridian (Miss.) and
that at the left is near Falmouth (Mass.)
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REPORT ON PRO GRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
centers. NeverthPless, the improvements made
on farm-to-m arket and other rural roads, giving
farm ers access to markets, schools, and churches
und permitting regular mail deliveries in all
weathers, undoubtedly represent at least as
great a benefit to rural fumili es as do the street
construction jobs to urban residents.
Illustrative of the work in urban centers is
the Kilbomn Avenue widening proj ect in
Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This street is b eing
developed to handle hea v_y east-west traffi c,
thus keeping cross-town traffic off the principal
business street of the ritv. The under taking
is a unit of a compreh:•nsive plan , devised
jointly by the city und co unty, to develop
major traffi c arteries. T en city blocks have
been improved through the use of WP A labor
on several projects sponsored by the city.
The work included the demolition of more
than 60 structures ; removal and replacement
of sidewalks, driveways, curbs, and gutters;
widening and paving of strt>et surfaces to
provide two 40-foot traffi c lanes sPparated by a
landscaped center plot varying from 20 to 230
feet in width; and such appurtrnan t \\·ork us
laying sewer lines and prm·iding st.red lighting-,
TABLE 30. - Hioaw AYs, RoADs , AND STREETS Coi-ST R UCTED OR IMPRO VED ON PROJECTS OPER ATE D BY
WPA
Cu M t' f.AT IVE THRo ur.11 J u~-a: 30, 194 1
Miles
Item
Totnl
Low-type
11
~~~i!I.f° I surface and
- -- - - - - -- i- - - - -:--- ---\
TotaL _____ ________ ____ _l- -~-~-::- -~ -l- - -:-: :-=7
3
:t~
~:t:~~".iie;.s::::::::::::_
Other roads . __ __ ___________ ..
61 , 409
9,658
26, 21 1
2,230
1
unsurfaced
: : : ::
3.5. 138
7, 4.28
traffic controls, uml fire and police alarm
systems.
Another and more unusual kind of construction proj ect undertaken in an urban center was
the extension of 4,650 feet of subway for str eetcar operation in Boston, Massachusetts. This
work, completed in December 1940, was carri ed
on in one of the most thickly populated and eongested sections of the city. Temporary walks
and other safeguards for pedestrian traffic
were built, adjacent buildings were und erpinned , and the project was operated at times
when the noise would cause the least in terference
wi t h business in the vicinity. The excavation
was made through soft material with a ground
water ievel from four to twelve feet below th e
smface. Th ese conditi ons, together with th e
prrsence of obstructions, such as old pilings,
wlt usvrs, and abandoned sewers, presented diflin 1l t co nstruction problems.
evertb elc ,
11ndN t he eiqwrt supp rvis ion of th e engineering staff of thr cit y's transit commission, th e
job was compll'tl'd by relativ ely unskilled men
Kilbourn Avenue in
M ilwaukee before
a nd after widening
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67
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
at a cost that compared favorably with similar
job on o th er sections of the subway lin e. More
the.n a fourth of the total project cost was paid
by t h e s ponsor.
In coun ection with the WPA work on highways, roads, and streets, large numbers of
bridges and culverts have been built and extens ive improvem ents in the form of sidewalks, curbs, and gutters ha ve been completed. During the six years ending with
Jun e 1941 , about 73 ,000 new bridges and viadu ·ts w ere built by WPA workers and some
44 ,000 others were reconstructed. Of the new
bridges, about 20,000 were of steel or masonry,
but the gren.t majority (53,000) were of wood.
Th e wood en and masomy bridges averaged
about 30 feet in length, but the steel bridges
wer e considerably longer (50 feet, on the average). The new culverts completed thrnugh
"PA proj ects numbered appro::\.'imately a
million for t,be entire six-yen.r period . During
the 1941 fiscal year alon e, 218,000 new culverts
were installed, an average of about 600 per day.
The bridges and viaducts, like th e highways
of which th ey are a part, vary with the need
they a rc intend ed to satisfy. Some of them a.re
important steel spans of consid erable length.
Many of them are small, sturdy bridges replacing wea.k structures that were unsafe for mod ern
truck traffic. Some eliminate th e n ecessity of
fording treams that became impassable in
rainy weather. Others replace old bridges that
were too narrow to accommodate even two lanes
of traffic. A new 40-foot reinforced concrete
gird er spn.n built a.cross the Pensauk ee River
in Oconto Cou n ty, Wisconsin , permitted th e
relocation of a road thn.t had been clo ed to
traffi c prn.ctically every spring because of high
water and washou ts. Th e new road is four
feet higher and considerably shorter than t he
old one and passable in all casons.
1 uch work has also been done to in crease the
safe ty of road s and to improve their appearance.
More than 153,000 miles of roadsid e clrn.inage
have been completed to reduce the hazards of
flood ed roadways ; 4,000 m iles of guardrn ils
and guardwalls have been built or irnprov<'d;
27 ,000 new ligh t stand ards ha ve been in stnll ed
and 66 ,000 other have been n •conclitioned; and
824 ,000 trnffic signs hove hPrn r rl'CL<'d. In
addition, nro rly 44,000 miles of roadway have
Masonry bridge built under the farm-to-market road program
in Kentucky to replace the old covered
bridge at the right
br en improved by clearing and planting shrubs
nncl trees, sodding and seeding of road shoulders
and parkways, and other roadside beautifi cation
work. Some 25,000 miles of curbs and 5,900
miles of gutters have been constructed or improved. For the benefit of pedestrians, 18,000
miles of new paved sidewalks and paths have
been completed and 7,000 miles of both types
have been reconstructed or improved.
Some of the WPA nonconstruction work has
also been direc ted toward the improvement of
transportation facilities. Surveys of trnffic
made by WPA workers in cooperation with
local community officials have led to changes
in traffic rou t ing and in selecting the streets
on which improvements were most needed. As
a r esult, projects subsequently selected for
operation have helped to reduce accidents and
to improve traffic conditions.
WPA work in the fi eld of air transportation
has been direc ted toward making ground facilit ies ad equate for the use of the fast nircrnft
T AB L E 31. - BRIDG E S , CU LVERTS ,
APPU ltTENAN CES CON STRU CT ED
PnoJE CT R OPERATE D BY WPA
\tr )I III. ATlV E TI I RO rr. 11 Jt •sE
AN D O T HEI! RO AD
OR IMPR OVE D ON
30, HMl
I
Type or road appurten ance
t·
r
Imeas',
J~e~~ienl
1 't
Total
tiou
1
urmlrnil~ nnd ~unrdwnlls_
St<'t'I
:Sl nsoory
improvemcnt
I M iles _____ _
C urb~
Gutters
W ood
I ti~1~:on or
1-------.rncs . -····
S ld O\\lllks nod pnths
C' ulvert.;
New
con•
str uc-
'.\ files __ _
.\l il cs . _
=-: umber
21, 0-19
2 1, (;
6,759
3,340
I. 112,M0 907,983
ll ◄ , /15 7
27. SOil
25, 220
5. ~05 1 5, 122
4 , 1511
2, i;(J(\
n3
1,353
N um ber _
11 6,563
72, ti\19
43. 864
Nu.mhcr_
7G. YI
21 , I.
18. 4 7
2, 41;2
6.036
I ◄ . 20 1
24,
:'\ u m be r _
N umber
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◄ 56
15, 122
◄ . 286
68
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
that have been developNl in rl•cent years.
The accomplishments includl• the dt>velopment
of some 220 new landing fic•lds and tlw enlargemPn t or improvement of about twice that munber, as wl'll as the new construction or improvement of 3,400,000 feet of runways and of many
taxi strips, turning circl<•s, and other airport
facilities. Since practically all airport work
is now considered importnnt to the national
defense, these accomplishments are described
in some detail in the section on defense work
(pages 24 and 25).
Improvements t-0 water transportation facilitiPs that havr been complet<•d through the
operation of WPA projrcts have consisted for
the most part of the construction or reconstruction of docks, wharves, pi,•rs, and jetties
and breakwatc•rs. Artificial channels nnd canals
have also bcrn built or improved.
Communication servicrs have been extended
by the stringing of 3,500 milPs of publicly
owned telC'phone and teh•graph linC's and the
improvPment of about 2,200 miles of existing
lines. ThPse lint•s have facilitat<>d communication for fire prevPntion work in forPsts and
have improved intPrcommunication at army
bast's and other Federal establishments. WPA
workers have also constructed or improvPd
police, fire alarm, and traffic signnl li,ws which
in t-0tnl lmgth would reach from New York to
San Francisco.
plete renovation to provide modern lighting,·
hC'ating, and plumbing facilities for the school
children. Through the WPA program more
than 30,000 school buildmgs ranging from
small rural schools to large city institutions
were improved during the period from the
beginning of the program through June 1941.
About 5,000 new school buildings were completed by WPA workers during the same sixyear period. Many of them provide a modern
educational plant to replace an inadequate old
establishment. Sometimes the new buildings
were designed to efft,ct the consolidation of
several schools, permitting the old buildings to
be converted into branch libraries or to ht• HsPd
for other educational purposes.
Education
The new schools that project sponsors have
chosen to build with WPA assistance ranged
from small buildings for rural areas to large city
institutions with accommodations for many
hundn,ds of pupils. N cnrly two-fifths of them
wPrc buildini-."8 with a capacity of between 50
and 150 pupils, us is indicated in Table 32.
Although smull sehoolhouscs with perhaps no
morc> th1m one or two rooms continue to fill the
nPcds in somc> spnrsPly sdtlPd an,as or sections
wh<'rt' tmnsportution is diffil'ult. these small
schools with room for IPss thnn ,50 pupils made
up only 2,5 pPrcPnt of tlw \\"PA-built total.
N1•11rly 16 pc>rcmt of the schools had facilities
for lwhn•c>n 150 and 2,50 pupils, and a slightly
larg1•r proportion could accommodate between
250 1md 5,50 child rm. The rcmnining 3 percent
of tlw school buildings w<•rp lnrgP structures, 25
of which had room for more thn.n 8.50 pupils.
Local communitiPs hnw recognized the advantagPs to bP ch•rind from WPA work in the
field of educntion and have sponsorPd many
proj,•cts both to improve tlwir school plnnts
and to PXtPnd educutionnl servicPs to groups
not ordinurily rPuchPd by tlw public school
systt•ms. The 11PP<l for irnprovPnwnt or extPnsion of school fucilitiPs vuriPs wi1lt•ly, of course,
from 011P comm1mity t-0 nnothPr, and this
vuriution is rPflPC"t1•d in tlw kinds of work done
by th,· WPA in this fil'ld. ~lnn_v WPA proj1•cts
hnn• bt•Pn m111Prt11kc·n to impron• or rPc1mdition school h11ildi11gs thnt hnd folll'n illto disrPpnir during thl' dPprt•ssion yPnrs und thnt,
in mnny instnncPs, hnd hePJJ condPmnPd by
public officinls. Tlw typ,•s of work hnve
rn11g1•d from thP rPplucPmPnt of roofs to com-
TABLE 32.-NuMBER OP ScHoo·L Bu1LD1Nos CoNsTRucTED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BT
PuPIL CAPACITY
CUKt:LATIVE THROt:0H JUNE 30, 1941
:Sew construction
Additions
Pupll capacity
:-umber
Percent
Numher
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- 5,103
Total. __ ·---------·--
Less than r,o ___ -------·--·. _.
50-149.
---------·-·--·--l.'\0-249
--------··--------2-',0-349 ____ -- _-- ..... - - . - -- - . 3:,0-449 -- _-- . -- ... -- -- __ -- - __
4.'\(}-549 ____ .. _.. ____ .. __ ..... .'-.,'i1Hl49. - - - ·- --- ----- - - - - - - - • f\.'-.0-749. -- __ -- ----- - - -- - . -- -- -
I. 289
1.978
811
444
2.'i2
1~4
74
t~-~~ u,:e,:::::::::::::::::1
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27
19
2,'-.
100.0
25,3
38.8
15,8
8. 7
4.9
3.6
I. 5
0.5
0. 4
0.5 I
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Percent
---
1.908
100.0
MO
28. 3
819
289
121
62
31
14
13
43. I
I!',. I
6. 3
10
0.5
0.5
9
3. 2
1.6
0. 7
0. 7
69
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
CHART 11
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED OR
IMPROVED BY WPA
Cumulative throulh June 30, 1941
I
DDCDD
DDDDC
DDDDa
.
cc
I
.
co
co
ca•
I
CDC
•
C
I
•••••
DDDDD
■■ a ■
DCDDD
CDODD
DODD
....
DCC
• ........_.. 100 - - -....... •
•MIion• to
............. tc.... ~ . . . . . . . .
a ~ , o o • ._.....,......_.~.
T..... ltew.._r...._.l• ..___......., .... ,
One of the new grade school buildings with
facilities for approximately 100 pupils was
n•ct•ntly completed in Shawnee County, near
Topeka, KII.Ilsas. The destruction of the district school by fin• in the spring of 1939 had created an urgent need for school facilities in that
district where temporary school quarters were
bt>ing provided in an old railway coach.
Through cooperation with the WPA, a new
school was built at a cost of $37,000 of which the
sponsor provided about a third. Construct<•d
of brick, with an asphalt roof and storn• trim,
the new school contains four classrooms, offices,
and an auditorium with a stage on tlw main
floor and has boiler, pump, and coal rooms in
the basement.
Among the buildings that are partly educational and partly rn·reat.ional in function is the
new student-activities building construeted by
WPA work<•rs for the Stat<• Teachers' College at
Tempe, Arizona, wlwre thP continually increasing enrollmt>nt ho.cl crPatt>d a nt>Pd for expanded
student facilities. The central part of the
building is an auditorium, an unusual feature of
which is a two-way stage constructed so that
its audience may be seated either in the auditorium or on the lawn outside. Classrooms,
offict> rooms, lockPI· rooms, and showers arc
provided in the wings on l.'ithl.'r side of the
auditorium. For the walls of the building,
WPA workmen made bricks out of the earth
which was excavated to form the basement,
using as an admixture a bitulithic oil or emulsifier instead of the water and straw customarily
usl.'d in the manufacture of adobe in Arizona.
The foundation is of reinforced concrete and the
roof is covered with asbestos roofing. Murals
for thl' dl'corntion of the auditorium and handwoven t<>xtiles for window draperies and upholstery were provided through a WPA art
project.
Educational facilitil.'s have also been unproved throug-h projects for the construction of
additions to t•xisting- buildings. A small niral
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
New grade school building in Shawnee County (Kans.)
replaces an older building destroyed by Fire
community in Bulloch County, Georgia, which
had reached its limit of pem1issible bonded indebtedness, was in great need of additional
classroom space and facilities, because of the
growth of the school population. With WPA
providing the labor and the county as sponsor
providing money and materials to the extent of
about 40 percent of the total cost, an addition
was made to the Nevils High School. The new
stnicture is a five-room frame building, containing o canning plant, a farm and industrial arts
shop, an agricultural classroom, and two home
economics classrooms.
Since the beginning of the program, more
than 1,900 additions to schools have been constructed through WPA proj ects. More than
two-fifths of these additions have a capacity of
between 50 and 150 pupils, as is indicated in
Table 32.
WP A contributions in the field of educa ti.on
hav<' includrd th e provision of many rducational
Interior of Student Activities Building at Arizona State
Teachers College (Tempe); Furniture, drapery and
upholstery material , as well as the building
itself, ore products of WPA labor
opportunities for prrsons beyond school age and
for childrnn of preschool age from low-income
famili es. These edu cationul uctivities have been
conducted on a state-wide basis in close cooperation with state departments of education, ro
make sure that they supplement rather than
take the place of any activities condu cted by
existing state bmeaus. In addition to expanding the educational opportunities available ro
the public, these WPA projects have facilitated
the placement of unt>mployed teachers in regular jobs under the state school systems.
Work to eliminate illiteracy and to facilitate
the naturalization of aliens has occupied an important place in the educational program.
WPA literacy classes have been conducted for
the benefit of the many Americans who ha,e
grown to maturity without learning to read and
write and of the large numbers of aliens who
must learn to read and write English before they
can begin to take steps toward becoming citizens of the Un ited States. To assist foreignborn persons in taking further steps toward
naturalization , additional clusses are included
lmd <·r the edu cational program. In these classes
prospective citizens study the history of the
United States, the principles of democratic government, the responsibilities of citizenship , and
other subject matter required for naturalization.
Because literacy and naturalization work are
so closely related, many states havr conducted
these classes as o □ e program; thereforr data for
the country as a whole are available only for the
two aetivities combin ed . During the month of
April 1941 , about 211,000 persons were enrolled
in literacy and naturalization classes provided
under the WPA program.
Although large numbers of persons have been
assisted in obtaining their citizenship through
WPA classes during tlw past six years, a large
field for the expansion of such work remain s.
Results of the nJien registration in D eeem ber
1940 indicated that tlwrr wcrr mo rr than
4,500,000 aliens residing in thr United States, a
con siclcro ble num her of whom are probably unuble to n:- acl and ,vri tc English. In an um bn of
state• the alien populat,ion represented more
than 5 perccn t of thr statr total in 1940. It
is importnnt, PspPc ially in the presmt emergen cy, tha t as man_v prrsons as are able to
accl'pt tJit• responsibi litie of citizenship should
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PROJECT ACTIVITIES
do so . One of the main objectivC's of the educationa l program und er the WPA at the present
time is to help such persons become citi7.ens by
conducting classC's along lines suggested by the
Immigration and Naturalirntion Service, and
at the end of the fiscal year plans were under
way for the expansion of these classes as a
defense men.sure.
The WPA in cooperation with the United
States Office of Education and local sponsors
has und ertaken vocational training in the
in terest of national defense. This national
d efense vocational training proj ect, as well as
the training for household and institutional
workers and the general vocational training
pro vided under the adult edu cation program
of the WPA, are discussed in the section beg inning on page 29.
Besides literacy and naturalizntion courses
and vocational training, mnny genernl edu cntional activities are carried on und er t he adult
ed ucation program . Classes are conducted in
a variety of subjects which hove enabled
hundreds of thou sands of ad ults (292,000 in
April 1941 alon e), many of whom hnd only the
most rudim entary educntion , to take more
advanced work. A spPcial workers' service
program has also been und ertak en in a number
of states to meet the edu cational needs of both
industrial and agricultural workers.
Activities in which the general public participates, such as lectures, forum s, and art and
mu sic classes, are also co ndu cted through the
WPA edu cation program . The public participation in th ese ncti,·iti Ps during the mont h of
WPA naturalization class for foreign-born residents of
Kansas City (Mo.)
April 1941 indicates the wide interest shown in
thPse edu cational pursuits. Attendance at lectures and forums approached 135,000 and enrollment in art and music classes totaled about
290,000 in that month .
N ursery school activities, closely integrated
with parent education and homemaking, comprise the WPA family life ed ucation program.
The nursery schools are designed to serve preschool children from relief and low-income
groups. The children are given well-balanced
meals, a daily health inspection and essential
hPnlth services, and opportunities for experience
wi t h books, pictures, music, creative materials,
and such guidance as children need to learn
personal independence and socially useful ways
of li ving. Parent-education and homemaking
classes relating to diets, budgets, child care,
and si milar subj ects are condu cted for the
parents of nursery school and other children.
This W PA-bu i It
school (in Paris,
Texas) con occom •
modote 600 students
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72
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
Lunch time in a WPA nursery school
During the month of April 1941 about 37,000
children were enroll ed in 1,300 WP A nurse ry
schools, and about 132,000 adults attended
parent-ed ucation and hom emaking classes.
Persons with physical hflJldicaps have nlso
been benefited through WPA educational projects. Special classes have been cond ucted for
instit utionalized and handi capped children and
ndults. Visual aids have been mad e for the
use of persons handicapped by loss of hearing.
Tlu·ee dimensional models, relief maps, nnd
other devices hav e becfl produced on \YPA
proj ects for the use of the blind.
One of the 1 ,100 gymnasiums that have been built with
WP A labor; this one is al Springville (Utah)
Librnr:v fn cilities have been extend ed to the
general public both through the co nstru ction ,
enlnrgemcnt. or improvement of about 1 ,000
library buildi11gs nnd through the assistance
furni sh ed in the opcrntion of thousands of
librnries throughout the country. The exten sion of perman ent library service system s to
ureas where such facilities were inad eq uate or
non existen t hns been effected through demonstm tions that include branch libraries and
book deposit stations, augmented by book.mobile service in rural areas. In addition to
lihrnry services rendered, nearly 87.000 ,000
books have bren renovatNI or repaired b~, "' PA
workers since t,he. in ception of the program.
Recreation
The sponsorship of proj ects in the field of
recrention by local communities r efl ects the
growing interest in facilities of this type by
the genernl public. Substantial contributions
have been made through the construction of
recreationnl buildings; a total of 8,000 n ew
buildings had been completed through WPA
projects by the end of June 1941, and more
than 5,000 existing recreational buildings had
been renovated. During the same period 500
ndditions were compl eted. Includ ed among the
new buildings were nearly 400 auditoriums and
1,100 gymnasiums.
Som e of t he numerous recreational facilities,
other than buildings tlrnt have been compl eted
through project work, are illustrnt ed by the
accompanyi ng photographs and a summnry of
accomplish 11wnt, t hrough June 30, 1941 , is furni shed in Tnble 33. Parks and pln.ygrounds
han be rn popular projrcls in a.11 sta tc•s; nt•nrly
8 ,000 parks and more than 12,000 pla.vgrounds
were const ru cted or improved during the sixyen.r period . It is di ffi cult, to summarize th<'
items of 11.ecomplislunent cormectcd with pnrk
and playground development, bu t m uch work
a.long such lin es as tree and hrub plonting, seeding and sodding, placement of playground
equipm ent, und construction of outdoor fireplae<'S i pPrform ed in the operation of these
projPets. Th e buildings, roads. sidewalks, and
other fn.cilitirs constructed or improved in connect ion with the de\·r lopmont of parks are
included in the rcspecti\' . totnJs for those items.
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PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Municipal swimming pool for the residents of Wichita (Kans.)
Among the recreationol facili ties that hnxe
resulted from WPA projects ore more than 2.800
n ew athlPtic fi elds and nearly 2,400 that have
been improv ed . Si11ce the inception of the program 2,100 n ew stadiums, grandstonds. ond
bleachers have been constructed; oftf'n the e
were built at. t,he site of athletic- fi<'ld eonTABLE 33 .- RE C REATIONAL FAClL IT I E f; Cox:<T R t; C-TED
OR hl.l'ROVED ON PROJE C-TS OPERATEll BY WPA
C t1 >1 U LATJ\"t TIIROt: 0 11 J t: NE
30. 194 1
I
~u111tw-r
'l'yp,' or r11,cility
I
:-<e" con- A<ld "
stru c:tion
_ __ _ _ _ __
Fairgrounds and rodC'o grou nds
Tcnn L, court.,;
·
Gair courses
Uandbnll co urts
Bo . h()(' c-o uris
1,55 2
2. 815
ltjlj
2. 81 6
4fl
03
Yo
5
237
:1;,4
742
775
I , 084
312
Wading pool.<
ll'f' skati ng ureas
Ski Lrnils (m iles)
Ski Jumps .
llandshr lls . _.
Outdoor theatres ..
SLadfums and Rrn ndst. and!-
132
2. 101
- --1-
-=f-:--
b.().16
. . . .. .. . .
J.C.fi
l.'>3
I
:n~
,1
,4
.'>.S
04
214
-·
2. :1.-2
:z,..;i
2, tti-J ...
I f,f
Swimming pools
,j. 10";
9. 15!1
0, 403
2'. 135
Recreational build ings
t ion or Im-
prn,t•mt 1 nt
Parks. . . .. ... . .. .... .
Play~rounds . . . . . .
.\thletic flr lds
Auditoriums
Gymnasi ums
Other
~rons truc-
ll lOJb
____/
3i2
············ k':t
I 14
14
~4
27
i 5'
stru cted or improved by WP A workers. Nearly
half the new stadiums , gra.ndsta11ds. and bleachers are small structures containing SL•nts for less
than 1,000 persons. About o fourth of them
ean accommodate between 1,000 nnd 2,000
persons, and the remaind er are eonsich•rably
larger ; some of them have a seating capneit_y of
more thon 10,000.
Facilitif's for pract,icolly 1111 form s of outdoor
n•creotion have been provided through WPA
projects. Thousands of handbnll , horseshoe,
mid te1rnis courts have been built. Hun<lrl'<ls
of swimming and wadi11g pools huv e lwl'n contru cted , many of them in section of tlw co untry wlwre public facilities for wat<'r sport - wpre
11oi, prev iously avnilnble. Go lf co ursl' . ski
jumps, ond bnndshdls are among tht• othf'r
fnc-iliti<'s thot, hav e brcn provided for community rc>cn•ation th.rough WPA proj ect .
WPA n•en•utionn l kadprs in coop<>rn t,ion with
lotol agencil's havl' conducted lc•isun•-tinw progrnm s in both rum) and urban co mmuni t ies.
1n most state t.lw \VPA recrrntion progrnm i
op1•rn t1·d on 0, statf'- wid e busi through th!-'
spo11 ,:01 hip of a dl'portmcnt of C'dul'ation. public ,,·.. lfnn•. or otl1e•r slot!-' 11g1•11e_\·. Lo<"al
1Hh·isory committt•I': composl'd of intt•n•stt•d
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
citizens as well as reprrspntntives of rhurclws,
hospitals, labor union s, and busin rss groups
piny an important part. in thr program . They
assist in surveying community recrrational
n ePds, in securing the use of available recrrational facilities, and in planning programs and
training workers.
Under th e WPA recreation program, lend ership is provided in a variety of leisurl'-time
activities including recreational opportunities
appropriate and interesting to practically all
groups in the community. Th e WPA n.ctivities nre design ed to supplem ent existing local
r ecreation programs or to provide public recreational services in communities wh ere they
previously wer e lacking. Typicn.l of thl' leadrrship activities are those that afford people the
opportunity of participating in music, drama,
and craft work , and d eveloping other cultural
and bobby interes ts . Gamrs and sports and
other kinds of physical re<·n•at.ion are conducted in accordance with local fociliti,•s and
climatic conditions and with the preferen ces of
local groups.
Public Health and Sanitation
More healthful surroundings have brPn thP
obj ective of many of the proj ects initiat('d b~·
local sponsors and operated through the WP A.
These includ e proj ects relating to public hea lth
such as the construction and improvement of
hospitals, sanitary and storm sewers, and water
s upply systems, as well as projects that provid e
medical and health services. Rrsearch studirs
on sy philis, tuberculosis, and industrial diseasrs condu c ted und er the resrarch program of
th e WPA have also made contributions in the
field of public h ealth.
Directly related to public health have bren
th e proj ects through which 164 n ew hospital;;
and 92 hospital additions have been constru c trd and n early 1,800 hav e b een improved
or renovated . More than three-fourths of tbr
1ww hospitals are mall ins titutions wi th n
capn.city of less than 50 b r ds, but a few of thrm
arc lnrgr r 11ough to accommod ate severa l
hundred pntien ts .
l\1nny of th e newly built hospitn,ls wr re provid('d for communiti r in whi eh no uch fn eilities wrre previo usly avail bl e. Among t hrse
is tht' new municipal hospital recently c omplrted for \Varroad, Minnesota, a rural town
of nearly 1,200 population, in Roseau County .
Prior to the construction of this building there
was no mod ern public hospital in this part of
the state. The building is of monoli thic concrete construction, fireproof throughout, and
has steam heat, air conditioning, and mod ern
opt>rating, X-ray , and laboratory equipment.
It contains six wards and six private rooms (oll
with signal and public address systems ) , a
six-bed nursery, a modern kitch en, offices,
and nurses' dining room and lounge. Approximately a th ird of the cost of this 38-bed
hospital was provided by the town of Warroad,
which sponsored the proj ec t.
Some of the new buildings have b een d esign ed
to m eet special needs , as does the new Cripp led
Children 's Home located near Floren ce. South
Carolina. Th e Home was established in 1937
in a two-story resid ence in Florence, but only 12
children could be cared for th ere and th e facilitiPs were ina.d equate. Th e new estahlishment
is loca t,ed on a beautiful six-acre wood ed knoll a
short distnn ce from the town . It consists of
two large buildings, join ed by a central heating
plant and kitch en , in which about 40 children
may be cared for . Farilities for physiotherapy
and occupational t11 erapy and oth er mrthods of
treatment are provided. Th ese facilities are
available primarily to children whose parents
are financially unable to providP such care
through private l1ospitals. As th e Home is
the on ly institution of its kind in the state, Uie
State Board of H ealth , through the Crippled
Child ren 's Commission, provides fund s so that
d1ildrP11 from all parts of the state can be
cn rrd for at a nominal cost to th e parents.
The WPA-b ui lt mun ici pa l hospital at Warroad (Minn.)
serves a large rural area
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PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Crippled Children's
Home near Florence (S. C.) built
under a WPA
project and
staffed largely by
WPA workers
.Medical and h ealth services for persons who
could not otherwise afford them have been furnished on WPA proj ects through assistance to
local health agencies at m edical and dent.a.I
clin ics and through training and furnisl1in g
nonprofessional workers in wards, kitch ens, and
other departments of tax-supported hospitals
and institutions. Sometimes they have been
extended to areas where such services were not
previously available. The services have includ ed medical and dental treatments and tests ;
inummization against diphtheria, scarlet fever,
smallpox, typhoid fever, and other disem,es;
and heariJ1g and vision testing of school children .
One of the clinics operated with WPA
assistance is the Lymanhurst Children's Clinic
in MinJ1eapolis, Minnesota. Th e project is
under the sponsorship of the Division of
Public Health of the Henn epin County Board
of Public Welfare. The clinic specializes in th e
treatment of h eart ailments of children . In
a.ddition to the care which is provided for n eedy
children who might otherwise be neglected ,
research into the factors in volved in cardiac
conditions is a valuable service rendered by the
clinic. The WPA h as provided personnel to
assist in this work, such as nmses, orderlies,
maids, clerks, a laboratory technician , and
supervisory employees . In addi tion, the clinic
buildiJ1g and the gro u]l(ls arotmd it h ave been
ilnpro-rnd by WPA workers.
Durillg the past year a new traiJ1iJ1 g program
for nonprofessional workers in hospit.n.ls alld
institutions was conducted as a part of th e
WPA defense activities. Th e scope of t.his pro-
gram is described iJ1 the section of this r eport
beginning on page 29.
Important coJ1tributions to public health have
been made by the WPA proj ects through which
water supply and sewage disposal systems have
been built or improved. Some of these projects provided modern sani tation facilities for
communities which previously had to depend on
more primitive methods. Others extended the
water or sanitation systems of urban communities in which population growth had mad e the
existing facilities iJ1ad equate. This kind of
situation has been particularly prevalent since
the initiation of th e defense program which resulted in trem endous population increases in
some centers of defense industrial activity.
In the six years of WPA activity more than
200 water treatment plants have been built or
enl a.rged and 150 existing plants have been
T AB l,E 34. -P UBLIC HE A LTH FACILITIES CONSTRUCT E D·
on h1rn OVED ON PnOJECT S OPERATED BY WPA
CU>IU I. ATIVE THRO U<lll J UNE 30, 11141
Type or fac ili ty
Unit of measurement
R econstrucNow
or
construc- tion
imtion
provement
- - - - ---- - ~ - - - - - - - -- - - -,- - - - - H os pitals ... ..
..
\\"atcr treatment plants
\\'atn lines _
SewRJlC tr eatment plnnts
8t•,. .·er lines.
Pum pin~ stations _
U arba l!<' incinerators
.\ fos~ uit o control dralnni.:P.
Sani tar y prh·ies __
_
-~ 1Jnndont1d miu c SC'R ling
I
A 256
Number ... . ....... . ... .
Number . . . ........ .
A 213
. . .. . . . . . .
If , 225
Milos ..
Number .... ____ _
A 848
Miles .
21,fl43
Number .. .
• I 008
N umber _..
•102
Milos or d itch , canal,
anrl pipe...
14 , 642
Number. .. . .. _.. ___ _ 2. 230. 000
Number of ope nings
scaled . .. .. . . _______ . 218, 325
I, 797
152
3. 169'
- 379·
3, 365
309·
S4
IS, 636-
33,238
- - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - ~- -- -A
Incl udes additions to exis ting locilities.
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REPORT 01' PRO GRE SS OF THE WP A PROGRAM
renovated. Berlin , New Hampshire, is on e of
the cities in which the construction of a. water
treatment plant through a WPA proj ect mad e
suitable for human consumption water that
was previously consid ered unsafe. The city
had experimented un successfully wi th various
drainagp and strainer m ethods for several years
in an effor t to remov e the high color and t urbidity of its water , caused by the swampin ess
of the land nea r the source of supply. The new
filtra.tion pl ant, buil t at an elevation of about
300 feet above the city, is designed to eliminatt>
all sed im ent and to supply water by grav ity to
the high est parts of the city. I t is composed
of eight cork-insula.ted steel tanks, with a combin ed capacity of som e 54,000 gallons. These
tanks can filter nearly 2,200 ,000 gallons of
water every 24 hours
In some communities the quality of the
water su pply has been good, but the distribution system was inadequate. The construction
of more than 14,000 miles of n ew aqueducts,
water mains, and distribution lines and the
improvem ent of som e 3,000 mil es of existing
water lines have materially increased the
availability of the water supply in many such
communi ties.
Water for Roma, T exas, a tow n of about
l ,400 population, used to be druwn by hand
from tlw Rio Grand e River and haul ed in barrds
to the residents. The Rio Grande is still th!'
source of the town's water, but it is mad t'
available to the residents by a complete modern
plan t with intake, purification , and distribution fa.cilities, built through a WPA project.
Storage facilities for water have been expand ed through the construction of ahout 2,700
sto ruge tanks and reservoirs and the improvem ent of 660 others. In addition to prov idit)¥
a larger supply of water for human use, this
work hns been an important factor in fire protection in outlying communities, as has also
the new construction, enlargem ent, or rPnorntion of about 1,400 pumping stations, many
of which were for use in connection with watersupply systems.
One of th e WPA reservoir projects under
way at the end of the 1941 fiscal year will perm it the storage of 4,600 acre-feet of water for
Gredt•y , Colorado , a.nd other communitirs
nearby . The project work includes the construction of an earth-fill dam 400 feet long and
90 feet high , on the north fork of the Cache la
Poudre River , and of a 325-foot diversion
t unn el. The tunnel , drilled through solid
rock, is being used to divert water from the
stren.rn bed during the construction of the dam.
Upon the compl etion of the earthen bitrrirr.
Sunbur y (Ohio) sewage disposa l plant showing filt er beds and treatment plant
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PROJECT ACTIYITIES
the tunnel will be used as an outlet to carl'~wa ter from the reservoir into the Greeley city
distribution system.
Irntd equate treatment of sewage not only
creates a serious h ealth probl em but often preven ts the use of streams and lak es for recreation a l purposes. In ord er to relieve such con di tion s, local communities haYe sponsored thl'
new construction or enlargem ent of more than
800 treatment plants and th e improv em ent of
n early 400 others.
A s th P result of a recently completed sewage
disposal proj ect, Sunbury, Ohio , a town of
about 900 population, now has for the first.
time a mod ern sewerage system. The new
system involved the installation of five and a
half mil es of sewer lines and the construction
of a disposal plant, including a pump house,
an Imhoff settling tank , two small sludge beds,
anc;:1 four sand filter beds. The plant can
handle 75 ,000 gallons of sewage daily and is
d esign ed so that the only power requirecl for
its operation is an elec tric pump which- raises
the sewage into the Imhoff tank , from which
point it flows by gravity.
Th e size of th e Sunbury plant is typical of
the plants constructed by the WPA. Nearly
half (48 percent) of the new sewage treatment
plants huil t sin ce the beginning of the program
ban, had capacities of less than 100,000 gallons
p er day and 39 p ercent can handle from 100,000
to 500.000 gallons. Although most of th e
plan ts have b een relatively small , 20 plants
having capacities of over 2 ,500 ,000 gallons per
day hav e b een built through WPA proj ec ts.
Mu ch of the WPA work in connection with
sewa ge disposal systems has been the exten sion
of sanitury faci li t ies to additional users. Project operations have resulted in the constru etioo
of n early 22,000 miles of n ew sanitary and
storm sew ers and the improvement of about
3,400 miles of sewer line. New ser vice coHnections numbered nearly 540,000 . In rural
nreas wh ere the installa t ion of sewerage systems
was not feasible, more than 2,240,000 sanitary
p11v1 es wer e built. Seven south ern states
accounted for over half of the total number of
sanitary privies built through WPA proj ec ts.
Malaria control through th e drn in age of lowlands and the spray ing of oil and insecticid e on
marshes and ponds to d estroy the breeding
A few of the many recipients of hot school lunches served
through WP A projects
places of disease-carrying mosquitos is another
health activity in which the WPA has assisted .
In the opinion of h ealth authorities these controls have contributed greatly to the redu ction
of the spread of malaria. During the past year
such proj ects have been operated n ear army
camps to r educe the m enace of the disease to
troop concentrations.
B etter h ealth conditions are also the obj ectiv e of WPA min e sealing proj ects. During
the six years ending with June 1941 more than
218,000 openings of abandoned min es, most of
which were located in the Ohio River Basin,
were sealed by proj ect workers. Mine sealing
greatly reduces th e sulfuric acid pollution of
stream s and thus cuts the cost of purification
n ecessary to make their waters fi t for human
consumption. In addition to this ben efit, fish
losses and losses through corrosion of dams,
locks, and steel boats are diminish ed.
Welfare
WPA work in the fi eld of welfare includ1•s a
variety of activities ranging from the serving o(
school lunch es to provision of assistance for
11eedy families by housekeeping aides. This
group of proj ects has not only expand ed t he
welfare services available in communities all
over th e co tm t ry, but also has provid ed jobs
for a large sh are of the women eligible for employm en t tmder th e WPA program.
An impor tant part of t he welfare activities,
particularly during the past year , has been th e
school lun ch program de igned to impro ve th e
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
CHART 12
LUNCHES SERVED ON WPA SCHOOL LUNCH PROJECTS
Year Ending June 30, 1941
•••
••
•
....
••••
....
..
...••••
••••••••
••••••••
••••••••
••••••••
•••••
• ............. !500.000 ~ Teu1 • ............
r....._ •• ,._ ,..,.... .._., .... ,
....,...... ..........
lf•tolalr_.le .... l"-ltelf•--•
health of school children by providing them
with nutritious well-halanced hot lunches.
School officials report that this service r<•sults
in better grades, b<•tter school attendance, and
better attitudes on the part of the children as
well as better health. The increased local
interest in this type of activity is indicated by
the fact that 271,500,000 lunches were served
during the 1940-41 school year as compared
with 148,100,000 in the preceding school year.
During one quarter of the past year, about
22,000 different schools located in three-fourths
of the counties in the Nation participated in
the school lunch program.
Canning and the preserving of food are dorw
on many WP A projects. The food is obtained
from WPA gardening projects, from the Surplus
Marketing Administration, and from local
sponsors. Much of the food preserving has been
undertaken in conjunction with the school
lunch program. A si~ificant part of the work,
however, is done for public institutions, as in
-Colorado where more than 67,000 gallons of
fruits and vegPtables were canned during the
year ending June 30, 1941 by a WPA canning
project for the State Hospital at Pueblo. :Most
of the vPgetables canned were produced in the
hospital's gardens, but some were bought by
TABLF. 35.-AccoMPLISHMENTS ON SELECTED TYPES OF
WELFARE PROJECTS OPERATED BY
WPA
Cn<VLATl\·JI: TBROt:GB JUNE 30, 1941
It,,m
:-.umher
---------------------------1----Visits made by housekeepln~ aides __ . . ____________ _
311,515.('00
Lunches served to school children
. ______ --······-. _ 766, 163. 000
Food preserved:
Quarts eanned
60,255.000
Pounds dried __ _
6. 218,000
Artkle.s produced in sewing rooms ___ .. __ --··--······---_
Men':- .. "
\\'omen',
Boys'
Oirls'
67, 718.000
77,226.000
59,237,000
69. 548. 000
41,568.000
~ 712.000
lnfH.nt~'
Diapers_
Other articles .. _.. ··-·······························.
Digitized by
437,327,000
342. 009, 000
ORrments .
Goo~le
Ill>, 318.000
■
l
79
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
the hospital from Colorado farmers. On all
canning and presl'rving projects during the pa.st
si.._ years more than 60,250,000 quarts of foodstuffs have been canned and nearly 6,220,000
pounds have been dried. The WPA has also
furnished employment to certified workers on
projects for the distribution of surplus commodities made available by the Surplus Marketing Administration.
Many garments and other articles for distribution to needy families and public institutions
have been produced on WPA sewing-room projects operated in all states. More than 342,000,000 garments for men, women, and children and about 95,300,000 other articles such
as sheets, pillowcases, towels, and other household goods had been produced by the end of
June 1941.
Valuable services have also been · ext<>nded
to needy families by WPA housekeeping aides
who go to their assistance when the regular
homemaker has been incapacitated or when
some other emergency exists. More than
26,500,000 visits were made by housekeeping
a.ides during the entire period ending with June
1941. These aides, in rendering needed emergrncy assistance, introduce into the hom('S of
the needy better methods and higher standards
of bee.Ith and housekPeping efficiency that will
be of permanent value.
Conservation of Natural Resources
WPA projects dirPcte<l toward the conservation of natural resources such as soil, water,
forests, fish, and game have played an important part in the national conservation program
during the period that the WP A has been in
operation. The work is generally undertaken
with long-range objectives and the items of
physical accomplishment that are available
serve to indicate the scope of the activities
rather than to measure their contribution.
Much of the work is intPn<led to rl:'duce the
loss of soil through the destructive action of
water or wind. Tlw it<>ms of accomplishment
that have this objf'ctivl:' include the construct.ion or improvement, dmi111; the six yt>nrs Pnding with June 1941, of 1,500 milt's of levees and
embankments, 1,800 miles of rPto.ining wolls
and revetments, and SPVPml hun<lrPd milt-s of
TABLE
36 .-CONSERV .~TION
AND
FLOOD
ACTIVITIES ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY
CONTROL
WPA
C' t' IH'LATJ\.E TIIRot ·r.u JUNK 30, )941
- -- -===============
!'Jew
Item
Fish hatcheries . . .. .
Firt>hrt'ftks .... .. . . . .
Fire anti forest trails . .
Reroreslll tion . . . . . .
Oysters planted . .. . . .
U'Ye<'S and emh&nk•
t:nlt nf mensurement
construe•
lion
:Sumh1•r.
A
A
268
Miles . •
6,129
!\liles . . . . _... . .
.
5, 775
Trr-<'s planted ... . . . . . .
Bush,•!•
_. .. . _. . . 8,009,000
mC"nts ___ ____ ___ __ _ Mi11•s . .. .
Retainin~ walls and
rev<'tment.s .. . __. __ . Miles.. ... . ... .... .. .. .
Rlverbtmk and shore
lmpro"emcnt .. . . .. . Miles . .. . .. .. ...... . .. . .
Strt'Bm•bed Improve•
n1rnt . .. _____. __ ____
Miles · ···········-·· - ··
Irrigation systems ... . Milesofpipeand flume
Rooonstructlon
or
Improvement
525
149
m
I. i4~
14i, 027, 000
1,023
1211
1,686
4,223
1,420
7,907
4, 84-4
Includes additions to existing facilities.
jettil'S and breakwaters and of bulkheads. The
improvement of 12,000 mil.-s of stream bed and
river bank and the riprapping of more than
15,000,000 square yards of surface serve a
similar purpose. The reclamation of soil
through irrigation canals and the placement
or improvement of flumes and pipes has also
been accomplished on WPA proj<>cts, principally
in the far West. In addition, many of the dams
built for water storage or flood control purposes
or to create artificial lakl:'s for recreational uses,
also contribute toward the conservation of soil
and water.
WPA work directl'<l toward the conservation of forests has also been extensive. With
this objective millions of trees have been
planted in publicly owned forests throughout
the Nation. In all, more than 147,000,000
trees have been planted. Forest protPction
work bas included the construction or improvement of 6,900 miles of firebreaks, 7,500 miles of
fire and forest trails, and many other facilitiPs
used in forest prokction, such as forest ranger
stations and fire look-out towers. Ot,her protective work for the presen·ation of forests and
crops has included such a.ctivitit'S as spreading
poisons for grasshopper and cricket control,
prevention of plant and treP diseases, and
destruction of noxious weeds.
Protection and propagation of game and fish
represent a considerable part of the general
const•rvntion program on which WPA workers
havl' been employed. Through their work, a
total of about 270 fish hatchl'ries ha.vi:' been
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REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
newly constructed or enlargPd and 150 others
have been impron•d. On the Atlantic and
Gulf Coasts nearly 8,100,000 bushels of oysters
have been planted in depleted oyster beds. In
other si>ctions of the country a great deal of
work has been done to increasP the number of
game birds and animals by tlw development of
bird and game farms and through the construction and placement of shelter houses,
feeding stations, and other devices in game
refuges.
The objectivPs of conse1Tation have bt•en
furthered by many other activities of the
WP A. Incidental work related to park projects or to road construction (as, for example,
roadside drainage, tree planting, and similar
work) help to conserve soil, water, and other
natural resources.
In the field of conservation rPsParch, the
WPA has helped state universities &nd colleges
to conduct a variety of studiPs. Free soil
testing done with WPA assistance in some
statPs has enabled farmers to take the steps
necPssary to replenish soil deficii>ncies. Research in fish propagation has assisted conservation commissions in finding more efficient
ways of stocking lakPs and streams. Other
studit>s, aimed at determining the factors active
in destroying certain wild animal life, have
helped to deVPlop prPn>ntiw action for the
prPservation of these species.
Other Accomplishments
The six g('lll'rnl liPlds already mentioned, in
which tlw WPA hns assisted local commm1iti(•s
in lllPPting both tlwir normal and their dPfensP
rn•(•ds through thl' employnwnt of eligible• unPmploy<'d workl'rs, mok(• up a considPrabk
shun• of the WPA program. Tlw llP('(ls of i11Jividu11l conmnmiti(•s vary grP11tly, hoWl'\"(•r,
nnd it is prnetienlly irnpossibl(• to indudl' nil
tlw important pl111sPs of tlw progrnm undPr a
fpw g1•1wrnl catPgoriPs. For exmnpl(•, tlw work
11ecornplislu•d on tlw 38,500 Pduentionnl buildu1gs, 14,000 n•cr1•11tion11l buildings, and th"
2,000 hospitnls thnt is dPserilwd on thr pn•el'ding pngl's 11cc01mts for searcl'ly rnon• thnn hnlf
of th<' totul nurnhl'r of public buildings eo11strul'tl'd or unprovl'd by ""PA workl'rs. Tlw
otlwr 56,000 buildings indud1• n vnril'!y of im-
portant structures. Among then1 are morl'
than 700 armories, 2,400 firehousPs. 5,600 offi<·P
and administrative buildings, 4,200 garages.
and some 700 buildings at penal institutions.
The many other buildings constrncted or improved through WPA projl'cts vary in size and
serve many purposes.
A new building constructed by WP A workers for the State Department of Archives and
History in Montgomery, Alabama, is an l'Xample of these structures. The departml'nt
was formerly housed in limited space in one
wing of the Capitol Building, but it is now occupying a new building of its own that providPs
adequat<• office spacP and complete display and
storage facilities for housing all records maintained by the department. The building is
dPsigned to harmonize architecturally with the
State Capitol and with the nPw highway department building also constructl'd by the WPA.
Accomplishment on many projt>cts operatt•d
by the WPA cannot be mt>asurl'd in pbysieal
terms. This is particularly true of the res<•ard1
projects that have bet>n mentiorn•d previously
and many otht•rs such as housing, traffic, and
engineering survl'ys; studiPs in costs of living,
employment and unemployment, public financl',
purchasing, taxation, education, and rt>creation; historical studies; personnPl studies; and
property inventories. 1 Through records projects, information on police and fire department
activities, land holdings and transfl'rs, and
various otlwr administrativl' mattPrs has bl'('n
arranged in convt•nil'nt form so that it may b,·
UsPd rpadily in the daily opprntions of loco!
governments. Thl' work done on vital statistics records by the WPA provl'd particularly
valuable wlwn lnrgl' numbprs of persons w<•re
ri>quired to furnish proof of eitizPnship and agr
for Pmploynwnt in dl'frnsP u1dustri<'s or for
othrr aeti,·itiPs undPr tlw ddPnsr program.
It is also diflirnlt to mt•usun• the cultural
contributions thnt ha,·(• bl'Pll madP by the art,
1111d music projPcts which WPl"l' rstablished to
bring the works of gn•nt cOlllJ)Os<•rs and an appr1•cintion of nrt to rnilli011s of yu•opll'. During
tlw month of April 1941, 11 t~ltnl of nbout 6,200
1 _\ li~t or r('~8r<'h projrrt r< 1 ports mny hr round in thr htdu n_f Rt1earrA
Prnjrd.• (\\·n.,-.;liim:to11, ll. C.: \\'ork Proj,,ct~ Admi11i:-1trntion, Vol. I.
rn:t"i; \'ol. ll, rn:1i1. in <·ollnhorntion with ::\alionnl H1•so11n'<!S Committ~·
and :--tah• Plarrnit1Jl .-\g1•1wi1•s: and \'ol. Ill, l!):I\J) and in thf' Hihlioqmphp
of Uorr,rrh Prnj, cf.~ (\\'ashir}.l!lou, U. C.: ,rork l'rojt.•cts Aclministmtion.
Nos. 1-1. 111-10 and :'so. 5, 1941).
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81
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
musical perfomumc<'s were given by unemployed musicians on WPA projects to an aggrega u• audience of a.bout 2,800,000 persons. Besidt:>s the public perfonnances by orchestras,
bands, and choruses, the varied project activities include the development and organization
of community music activities.
Uuder the a.rt program, thousands of easel
paintings, murals, prints, and works of sculpture have been executed and many art objects
have been made for schools, libraries, and other
public buildings. In addition, hundreds of
drawings for the Index of AmC'rican Design
havt- been made by project workers, community art cc>nters have been established, and exhibitions of fine art and handicrafts have been
circulated to public institutions and art galleries in many sections of the country.
On writers' projects hundreds of books,
pamphlets, articles, and leaflets dealing with
various aspects of life in the United States
have been completed. This group of publications includes guides for most of the states and
for Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico under the
American Guide series and also many volumes
on citit>s and counties. Public response to
thPse works has been favorable and large numbers of copies had been distributed by the end
of June I 94 I. In addition, a collection of research data valuable to st udt•nts of the American
seem• has bePn accumulated.
Project Procedures
Tlw gn•at varic•ty of projcct accomplishment
that has been described in the preceding pages
reflpcts diffcrencPs in community needs for improv<•ml•nt.s and services, diffncnces in the
skills of the eligible unemployed workers available loeally, and differmcPs in the financial
ability of sponsors to provide funds for nonlabor projt•C't costs. Furtlwrmore, during the
1941 fis<·al Jl•ar the requirements of the national d{'ft,nse program have been an important
factor in the determination of the kinds of
projPet.s to be undertakt•n and, ultimately, of
the kinds of accomplishments recorded. To
provide channels through which these various
requiremt'nts might find PxprPssion in the form
of projn·ts actually opt•ratcd under the W PA
program, detailed proct•durcs have been de-
veloped. These are outlined briefly in the
paragraphs that follow.
WPA projects are sponson•d by public agencies having authority legally to undertake the
responsibilities that sponsorship entails. Most
project sponsors are local or state agencies,
although some are agencies of the Federal
Government, such as the War and Navy Departments and the United States Public Health
Service. A large numbt>r of projl'Cts that were
sponsored by local agencies have been certified
by the Secr<itary of War or the Secretary of the
Navy as important for military or naval purposes. Many projects for the development of
civil airports, for example, are sponsored by a.
local public agency and certified by the Secretary of War.
Sponsors are required to assume an average
of one-fourth of the total cost of projects in
each state, except for certified defense projects
which may be exempted from this requirement.
This docs not mean that each sponsor is required to assume one-fourth of the total cost of
th<• project he proposes, but rather that the
sponsors in each state, taken as a whole, must
bear one-fourth of the total cost of a.11 nonFederal projects undertakC'n in the state, exclusive of certified defense projects. Such a
provision is essential in order that states may
cope with unemployment problems in areas
where sponsors are financially unable to meet
as much as a fourth of the total costs. In
actual operation, thP sponsor generally providt•s most of the materials and supplies that
are utilized on a project and tlw FPderal Government pays the wagPs of the eligible unemployed who receive employment through the
project. The FPderal Government is restricted
to an average expenditure of $6 per month per
workC>r for other than labor costs, again with
the exception of certified defensc projt•cts.
The Commissioner of Work Projects, howt>ver,
is empower-Pd to raise the average to as much
as $7 if rising prices of materials justify it.
Proposals for projects that sponsors wish to
initiate are submitted to the stu.te WPA offices,
accompanit>d by detailed plans, specifications,
cost estimates, statements covering the reasons
for the prosecution of the project, and other
related information. These project proposals
are reviewed in the WPA state offices, which
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82
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
utilize the technical advice of state agencies
such as boards of health, welfare, and education and highway commissions.
After acceptance of projects in the state
office they are submitted to the Federal WPA
in Washington for final review. Proposals for
certain types of projects are subject to review
by other Federal agencies concerned with the
respective fields of activity. For example, the
Public Roads Administration, Civil Aeronautics Authority, War Department, Navy Dt>partment, Public Health Service, Burt>au of Biological Survey, and National Park Service
review the technical aspects of the proposed
WPA projects that fall in their respective fields.
Each application approved by the WPA must
also be approved by the President before the
project becomes available for possible operation.
It is not possible to place in operation all the
projects submitted by sponsors that receive
final approval. The projects s<>iectcd must
necessarily be those which furniRh jobs that
utilize the skills of the unemployed workers
available within a community at the time,
since the primary purpose of the WPA program
is to furnish jobs to the needy unemployed
through useful public projects. Because all
projects cannot be placed in operation at any
one time, a reserve of approved projects is
accumulated, which can be drawn from as the
need arises. These reserves, consisting of
projects that provide a variety of jobs for both
men and women and for professional and technical as well as unskilled workers, have permitted the rapid expansion of the program w}ien
an increase in unemployment makes such action
necessary. Experience has shown that such
projects as highway, road, and street projects
and conservation projects, on which employment can be readily expanded or contracted,
arc important to the project reserve and provide
for the WPA program its essential flexibility.
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FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS
AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
year 1936, aid has been exS tendedthetofiscal
needy persons through a number
INCE
of specialized public programs. Through some
of these, jobs have been provided for unemployed workers, and through others, assistance
has been provided for various groups of persons
who are unable to work.
The WPA program throughout its history
has been the chief employment-providing program of the Federal Government and has
accounted for the major share of the total
numbers that have been employed on the
various Federal work programs. ~otwithstanding the reduction in WPA employment
during the 1941 fiscal year, more than half the
persons working on all Federal work program
projects in June 1941 were employed on projects
financed from WPA funds. The National
Youth Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps also accounted for relatively
large proportions of the total. A very small
percentage of the total was represcntPd by
employment on the construction program of the
Public Works Administration and on othPr
Ft•deral agency projects that are financed from
emergency relief appropriation act funds. The
low level of elllployment on the latter groups of
projects reflected the limited amount of funds
available for these activities.
Under the Social Security Act, the Federnl
Government has coopPrntPd with tlu• stntps in
financing assistance prngrums for the 1wedy
aged, the needy blind, and dependent children.
The relative importance of these programs has
increased steadily since the fiscal year 1936,
when Federal participation began. Their current high levels stand in sharp contrast to the
recent trends of most of the other work and assistance programs. The other public assistance programs-the gPneral relief program and
the Farm Security Administration grant program-have followed a generally downward
course for some time.
Prior to the fiscal year 1936, when the
WPA program was placed in operation, general
relief was the principal form of assistance given
to needy persons of all types including those
whose need resulted from unemployment. The
Ft•deral Emergency Relief Administration financed a large part of the total cost of the
gP1wral relief and· related programs in the
pt>riod from !\lay 1933 through December 1935.
From Novembt>r 1933 through March 1934,
when the Civil Works program was in active
operation, FERA activities were temporarily
curtailed. State and local governments became
entirely rPsponsible for the financing of thr
gPnPral rt>lit'f progrnm after FERA grants to
the stntPs wen• di,-continued.
Households and Penons Aided
Duriog the fiscal year 1941, sizable reductions
were recorded in the estimates of the undupli83
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84
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
CMMT 13
increases in need, reaching a
total of 5,458,000 in February
1941, the high point of the fiscal
year.
This, however, was the
January 1933 • June 1941
IIIU.IOll8 Of'
smallest
February total sirn·e
0
,
.,
12
1933 and was nParly a third
below the peak readwd in Fl•hI
ruary 1934.
------'----+-----,10
-The number of persons aided
(including dependents of family
.,
heads) began to move upward
in October and continued to
rise until January 1941, when
the year's high point for this
••
series, 15,064,000, was reached.
This total represented a record
~ - + - - - - + - - -......
low for the month of January
and was only a little more than
half as large as the peak figure
■ >---+---+--~-'-----'--------+-----1-----;---,•
of February 1934.
During the last four months
of the fiscal year 1941 successive
declines were recorded in both
1M1
11117
households and persons. By
June the number of households
cated numbers of households and persons rehad dropped to 4,689,000, a net reduction
ceiving Federal work program earnings and
of 13 percent from June 1940, and the
public assistance payments. 1 In each month of
number of persons had declined to 12,364,000.
the fiscal year, the estimated totals were subThe latter figure represented 9 percent of
stantially lower than those for the same month
the pop\dation and was the smallest numof the preceding year (Table 37).
ber of persons aided in any month of the
entire period beginning with January I 933.
About 5,055,000 households, including 14,It represented a net reduction of 18 percent
331,000 persons (about 11 percent of the
country's population), received Federal work
from June 1940. The more rapid rate of dt•program earnings or public assistance payments
cline in the number of persons than in the
in July 1940. The number of households fluctunumber of households reflected the increase
during the year in the proportion of households
ated somewhat irregularly during the two subsequt>nt months and then hPgan to reflect settsonal
that typically represent only one or two persons-such
as those receiving aid under the
1 The series of estimates relating to the undupllcated total numbers ol
households and persons benefiting from Federal work and pul,lic essistold-age assistance program.
HOUSEHOLDS AND PERSONS BENEFITING FROM
EMPLOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS
AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
~
-
-
-t------i ■
1-
anee prol!rams and to the anregate amount of payment.• to th<'Se recipients that are presented herein, differ from those that appeared in the 1!140
i8"ue or the Rtport
Progr,., of lllt ff, PA PrO(lram in that they e1elude
data J)("rtalning to construction projects fln1111Cl•d from RFC funds nnd
from regular Federal appropriatio11.s. For purposes ol comparison. data
for th,•s,- activities have ooen combined under the h,•ading "rel!ular Fe<I·
l'rBI ronstruction projt~ts" and are shown in separate 8(-<'tion~ of Tehh•-.
39 and 40. The~ chamres were made upon the rrromme-ndafion of
the Joint f'ommittee on Helit>f Statistics of the Ameri<'an Stnti!-tic-al As
socintion and the •.\merican Puhlic \\"eUare ..\s..~ociation. For des<'rip·
tions of projl:ranu1 and of estimates of househo)ds and persons re<-eh·ini,!
Fed.end work prOllram et1.rnings and puhlie as.l;ii~ten<"f' pnynwnts, ~ ep•
pendix (E,planatory Xotes). ;-:ee the Rr1-nrt on Proqr,,. of th, U"PA
Program, Jun, .w, 19.jO, pp. 00 to 109 and T. E. \\"hit in~ and T. J. \\"oofter,
Jr., ,..,·r,mmaru of Rt/fr/ and Ftdtral l-l"ork Progrr,m ."ifqf;x(io, 19S:'i-JY40
(Washin~ton, D. C.: Work Projects Administration, 11141) for more
detailed descriptions ol the various pro~rams.
°"
--
Payments to Recipients
The aggregate amount of Federal work program earnings and public assistance payments
for the country as a whole was also considPrably
smaller in each month of the fiscal year 1941
than a year earlier (Table 38). As in precPding years, the monthly changes in total
payments wne generally somewhat sharper and
more irregular than those recorded in the tot.als
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85
FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
program was in operation. Declines occurred
during four of the five remaining months of
fiscal year 1941, and by June the total had
dropped to $188,000,000, the smallest since
October 1934.
Tota.I payments made under the various programs during the 1941 fiscal year amounted to
$2,520,000,000 or 13 percent less than in the
preceding year. The reduction reflected the
contraction that took place in all the Federal
work programs, except those operated by the
National Youth Administration, and in the
general relief and Farm Security Administration programs. To a large extent, however, the
reduction was determined by the magnitude of
the declines in total payments under the WPA
and general relief programs. WP A earnings
during the year amounted to $1,143,000,000, or
about 14 percent less than in the preceding year,
of households and persons. Changes in total
paynwnts are influenced by variations within a
given program and among the several programs
with respect to the amounts paid to individual
rec1pwnts. They are also subject to fluctuations that result from variations in the number
of pay days and working days in different
months and from technical factors associated
with accounting procedures.
Nevertheless, the total amount of monthly
payments made under the several programs followed approximately the same seasonal trends
as the recipient data. From a total of $212,000,000 in July 1940, the monthly amount rose
to $222,000,000 in January, the highest point
reached during the year. This is to be compared with the preceding year's peak of $254,000,000 and the all-time high of $308,000,000,
reached in January 1934 when the Civil Works
TABLE
37.-
:'.UMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS A:s'D PERf!ONS BENEFITING FROIII EMPLOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE A
CONTINll:NTJ.L UNITED 8TJ.Tll:II
MONfflLT, JANUARY 1933-JUNS llKl
[In thousands]
:Month
II
I
Households
17, 620 i January _.. . . . . .
18, 648 I February.. . . . . . . . . . . .
March __ .. __ ......... _
21,035
21,416 , April. .......••••. _..
5, 9111
6, 127
6. 131
5,884
ftl:m' ~~!::::::::::::::::::
;;:
Households ; Persons
Month
I
I
January ....
February.
,
:\larch ........•..... 1
April ................ .
'.\lay __ .............. .
June .. -•·············
4,504
4,764
5,358
5,4511
5,182
4,795
July ..
4,579
4, «8
4,128
4, 23-1
5,557
7, lfi.l
17,562
17,301
16. 714
16,072
20,462
26,375
July ... -------------August_.
September.
October
November
Ded'mber __-
7,974
7,980
7,243
6,364
5,813
5. 76.5
28,003
28. 102
26,886
22. 954
21,205
21,007
Januar)·
February:
March __ .. _.. :::::::::
6,916
6,212
6,237
6,326
6,505
6,706
21,617
22, 739
22,612
22,681
23, 2611
24,122
January __
~·rbruary.
\larch _-·•··········
April. ............... .
:\lay __ .............. .
Jane __ ............. .
6,000
6,826
6,855
6,786
6, f,94
6.369
24, 716
24,462
24,354
23,113C.
23,502
22,302
July._ ---·-········-·
.\ugu.,t. .. - -........ .
S<>ptem ber _. _........ .
October
. _..... . .. .
Xovember
Dt>ct-m her .... _
6,137
6,128
5. 733
5. 758
5.C.47
21, 66P
21,468
19. 9f.3
IQ, 7511
19,343
20,767
--·-··········
AUl(USt. ... _......... .
September ........... .
~~..':'i;..,;
::::::::1
December. ----·····
f
I
~r::1-_::::::::::::::::
. ............ .
June.
July_-----············
August_ .. ____ ....... .
S<>ptember . . ..... .
October
.
Xovember
rw...-mber ....
!
,I,
I
;!:: Ii ;~~t : : : : : : :
• F.sttmated unrlnplieated totals.
II
6,000
7, OOll 1
1• 0 15 I
21, 'l:,l(
21,276
21,250
20,440
IQ, 606
18,761
5,900 I
5. 755
5, 4i8
5,709
5,8(M
5,907
17,683
16,797
1,5,621\
l~,Ollll
16.401
Iii, HIii
~:~.
6 805
6, 207
18, 769
18, 509
18, 630
17,949
16,1169
16, 126
January_
February.
March. _ _......... .
April. _. _........... .
May__
··----······
June_
6,143
6,217
6,171
5,974
5,736
5, 3il
17, 749
18,012
17,1154
17, 117
16, :!.'ill
15.089
4,6861
4,572 /
14,2201 July __
-·
13, 778
Augu.,t. .. _.......... .
4, 792 ,
14,085
5,05.'i
5,098
4,900
5,200
5,277
5,362
11.331
14.478
14,059
14. 436
H,,577
14.'l07
January.
February.
March .. ------- · ----April
May .................
June .........•........
::: i
5,11551
6,336
6,417 I
6. 4116
6. 475 ,
::::
18,231\
19. 5:l5
19. 874
20, 115
20, 147
5.445
5,
4581
5,360
,5, 153
4,913
4, f,!lQ
15,064
15,060
14. Hli7
13, 8116
13,048
12. 3f,4
July .... ------------Augu.,t. ............••
September ........•.••
October ...............
NO\·emher
December_
6,415
6,533
6,/i63
6,830
6, 93-4
6,9M
20,019
20,475
20,470
21,022
21,280 ,
21,28611
Sept,>mber...
October
November
December._ ..
I
-
5, 844
5,836
5, 883
6. 739
---------------July ..
-----------Au~ust ... __ ..........
I
lfm
September
October .
November
Decem her _
11138
6,00R
Households i Peraone
18,300
18. 659
18,846
18, 602
~:r::::::::::::::::
I
I
5,542
5, 792
5, 8721
5, 835
June.
1936
'.\fonth
20, 724 If January _.
__ __
21, 165 1 February. . ..... _. . .
21,073
March . . ......... -.
20, 156 I April.. ............. .
1981
/1/3~
January. __ ._ ....... .
February. --······· ·
:'\larch ............... .
Ii
'I
/9/J(J
11
I~
I Persons
19.j/)
1
5,508 I
!::~ I JU: I ~J'J,~/>er........... .
: : ~~9'~. . . ..
November
F,•hruary .......... .
March
April .
May
June
See note• on pp. 98 and 911 for deacription of data Included.
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86
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLJ: 38.-AIIIOUNT OF
E.\RXINGS OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK
TO RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE A
PROtlR.UIS
AND
PAYME!'."TS
CONTINENTAL l'NITF.O STATES
MONTHLY, J.\l'<t:AR\" 11133-Jt"SE 11141
[In thousrm<isl
Month
---------
· - - --·
J IUIURry _ __ _ _. _ . . ___ . __ . _. . . . .
Frbruary __ -- · · · - · _____ ______
March . __ ----·--·----··-·--· __
u:r_::::::::::::::::::::::::_::
June _______________________ ··-··-- .
$f>6. 42()
70. 11.'W
84, 0i7
78. 227
80. 819
116. 1134
I
i
l
1934
193.5
---·-
$308,193
247. 882
226. 700 I
149, .523 I
161. 042 I
162,381 I
1936
1937
____ ,_______
__ - - - - -
$219. 102
203. 488
207. 050
210. 711
214,080
1911, 252
81.546
S.,. AA2
8:J, ,!.'\5
I
168.663
186. 765
171, 1115
187,680
I
and general relief payments totaled $339,000,000, or about a fourth less than in the fiscal year
1940. Although substantial increases occurred
in total payments made under the NYA programs and the special assistance programs in
which the Social Security Board participates
(amounting to 22 and 13 percent, respectively,
for the year), they were not great enough to
offset the reductions in WP A and general rclit•f
outlays.
Payments for all Federal work programs combined represented about 59 percent of the total
payments in the fiscal year 1941, as compared
with 63 percent in the preceding year. In
spite of the fa.ct that WPA earnings decreased
in absolute ammmt, they ac·cotmted for nearly
as large a share of the total in the fiscal ye;r
1941 as in 1940 (45 as compared with 46 percent). Payments to CCC enrollees, which
had also declined somewhat in total, represented
about 8 percent in both 1940 and 1941. Earnings on PWA projects, which in 1940 accounted
for more than 6 pc•rcent of total program payments, in 1941 represented less than 2 percent.
All public assistance payments combined accounted for 41 percent of the total for all programs in the fiscal year 1941, as compared with
37 percent in the preceding year. The proportion represented by the special assistanep
programs increased from 1warly 21 percent to
about 27 pereent, while general relief payments
<ledined from nearly 16 pereent in 1940 to less
than 14 percent in 1941.
Monthly totals of recipit>nts assisted undt>r
the individual programs during the fiseal year
193'!
I
:
i
$256..'i02
261.518
269. 42:1
26-1260
258. 856
25.5. 963
2111. 973
253,811
255, S14
26fl,04S
268. R.59
2.58,956
I
1!>41
l!llfl
1113!1
------
.
:aJO. 751
200,907
191,203
I 209,671
90. 379 I
1:17• .'\52
203. 2110 I
222. 1195
203,1llll I
2.,3. :l02
274, 117
I
-~ - See notes on pp. 118 and 911 for 1lescription of data included.
July.----·--··········-·······-·· ·
.\Ultll"t- - - . -- ·-- -· · · · ·-····· ·-·
,:,.ptember --- -- - ---------- ---October. __
---------·--- ·November
De<X"mlx>r ..
A
l!t:1..1
-- -·----- ------i
$246.1129
245,574
246. 172
213. 294
236, 7114
225, i3S
$221, rn7
231. 347
247. 6111
256, 146
:!63,G:aJ
272. iOi
20.5, 311
198.131
103. 228
196,517
203. 71-5
212,498
271. 926
282. 5:lll
284,687
295,396
:112, 239
:114,077
I
I
$297.2211
292. 827
299. 783
289. 485
285. 561
277,054
$2«. 269
24S. 395
253. 584
$2"!1. Ir.II
21.~.n-~
2m 1il!I
247.m
:.JJl,.l'JJ
2311, 153
2111, 714
198. 'WI
187, S.6
251. 1123
24G, 402
211. IHO
213. 288
:ll.l. 056
--------------------- -----------I ----------.. --- -- ------------
2'l5. 29.'i
236. i06
239,864
I
243. 031
21ff,UI
'.llll.
214
217,845
- -
--
1941 are shown in Table 39, and a parallel
series on the amount of payments made under
these programs is presented in Table 40. In
addition, comparable data for previous years
and state data for the month of June 1941 are
shown in Appendix Ta.hies XX to XXIII.
Work Projects Administration
The WPA since 1935 has operated a program
of useful public projects on which jobs have been
provided for unemployed workers who have
been certified by local public relief agencies as
being in need. 2 During the fiscal year 1941,
the WPA program provided employment for an
average of approximately 1,700,000 workers in
the continental United States. This was a.bout
17 percent less than the average number employed during the preceding year. Approximately 30 percent of the persons employed at
the end of the year were working on national
defense projects.
Trends in WPA employment and earnings
during the fiscal year 1941 followed the usual
seasonal pat.terns. Rising steadily during the
first half of the year, the average number of
Jw1-sons employed reached a high point of about
1,858,000 in January. In subsequent months
the number declined until only 1,376,000 workers were employed in the continental Unitt>d
Statrs in June 1941. This was the smallest
avpra~e for any month since October 1935 and
• WPA proj1-ct activities, employment, expt>ndituros, and otheraspeell
or tht> \\"PA program Rn· di.scusst'd in dt•tail in earliPr 5E'<"tions of tbiP
report. A hrid summary is iodudl.'<i hen: to facilitate oomparilon witb
other programs.
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87
FEDERA~ WORK PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
a decrease of more than a fifth from the total
for the preceding June. Monthly earnings on
WPA projects during the year ranged from a
high point of $103,500,000 in January to a low
of $80,800,000 in June 1941. The June figure
was the smallest monthly total that had been
recorded since November 1935.
National Youth Administration
Part-time employment for young men and
young women is provided on the student work
and out-of-school work programs of the NYA.
The student work program offers work opportunities for high school and college students
who would be unable to continue in school without this assistance. On the out-of-school work
program, young persons who are no longer "in
full-time attendance at school are given parttime employment on public projects.
Employment on the NY A student work
program during the 1940-41 school year was at
approximately the same level as during the
preceding year. After the usual decline in the
summer vacation months, the program expanded rapidly in September, and by October
about 352,000 students were employed on NY A
TABLB
39.- NUMBER
projects. The numbers increased during most
of the subsequent months until a peak of
478,000 was reached in April 1941, and then
declined to 356,000 in June. During the course
of the school year the students earned a total of
about $27,100,000. Maximum monthly earnings amounted to $6 for high school students,
$20 for undergraduate college students, and $30
for graduate students.
. The out-of-school work program provides
training and work experience in the basic mechanical trades and in various specialized fields
on projects for the construction and improvement of public facilities such as buildings and
roads and for the provision of professional,
clerical, and other assistance in a variety of
nonconstruction fields. Projects designed to
develop specialized skills of importance to the
national defense program were given emphasis
during the 1941 fiscal year.
During the fiscal year 1941, the NYA outof-school work program provided part-time
employment on public projects to a greater
number of young men and young women who
were in need of employment than ever before.
In July 1940, 196,000 youths were employed
on the program. By December the number
OJ' PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND NUIIIBIIIR OJ'
RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM A
CONTINENTAL UNITED 8TATl!8
MONTHLY, JULT !IMO-JUNE IIHl
[In thousands]
Employment on Federal work programs and recipients ol public BSSlstanoe
Em•
ployment
on
FBl'ID regular
ReenFed·
rlty
era!
Admln- ronlstra- stnu1•
tton
tton
l?l811ts projects
-----
Public Works Other Special types of public
-;~duplica:;-1~---;,.,tlonal
Youth
assistance
Work Administration Civil- Administration Fedtotal II
eral
ProJ•
Ian
agency
OenConNonproJAid to
eral
Per• Ar~ln- Stu- Out-ol- serFedOld- dependAid
ectsto
relief
Bouse- sons
l•trsdent school VBtlon Federsl
BIie
end
emer•
ent.
the
holds In these tlon
work
work Corps
BSSl.st·
proJ•
projchllblind
gency
I propro· houseance
ects
ects
fund•
' dren
--------1----- h_'.'.~~
g~m
- I--------------------Month
I
---~I ~mi
19./f)
July ______________ _
August ___________ ._
September. ________ .
October __________ _
November. ________ .
December _________ _
6, 05,~
6,098
4,900
6. :axJ
6, 717
6,362
14,331
14,478
14, 0511
14, 4311
14, 577
14,807
11,639
j
(C)
1,684
1,673
1, 743
I, 771
1,826
I
24
362
439
4-49
1,858
1,8/i0
1,718
1,575
1,453
1,376
4-42
4511
471
478
462
356
I
196
239
238
232
262
326
714
287
254
719
M
43
36
283
'¥1
22
246
18
7
6
5
4
4
3
258
71.;
244
228
223
UIS
12
10
8
8
7
7
2
2
2
2
2
1
~1
2
I
I
I
1
1
1,986
2, 001
2,016
2,034
2,051
2,066
367
360
370
72
72
72
72
73
73
1
1
1
1
1
1
2,076
2,082
2, 107
2, 126
2,146
2, 166
376
383
387
391
3112
391
73
73
73
74
74
74
364
l,3G2
31
1,342
1,2118
1,230
1,212
1,239
36
34
311
4-4
332
345
391
4M
«114
712
67
57
m
43
19,U
January
• ---- -----_ 6,4-4~
February- -__________
6,458
March _____________ _
iru _____________ _
J une
ay ________________
--------------
j
16,064
15,060
5,360 I 14. 001
5, 153 13. 896
4, 913113, 04R
4, 689 12, 364
4191
482
459
41R
391
384 I
I
1,267
I, 229
1,210
I, 153
1,038
1134
721
68
I
52
36
38
I
• See notes on pp. 98 and 99 for description or data inclu•led. Comparable dB ts !or earlier years ere given In TBble XX of the appendix.
8 Does not include data pertaining to regular Federal coustructlon projects.
c Leas than ffOO.
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762
776
723
718
88
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM:
incrc>ased to 326,000, and in Febn1ary it
rl'achc>d a peak of 482,000. The> high point in
employment during the preceding yc>ar had
bl·c>n 336,000. By June 1941 employmc>nt had
dt>clined to 384,000-a figure that was higher
than the total for any month of any preceding year.
Monthly earnings on NY A out-of-school
work program projects fluctuated between
$3,400,000 and $9,300,000 during the various
months of the 1941 fiscal year, and totaled
nearly $80,400,000. The earnings of individual
workers ranged from $14 to $24 per month,
depending upon the geographic location and size
of the community in which the young person
was employed.
Civilian Conservation Corps
SincP its initiation in 1933, the Civilian Conservation Corps has provided employment for
unemployPd young men, on projPcts for the
conservation and development of natural resourcc>s. The enrollPes are maintni1wd in
camps and are given opportuniti(•s for (•ducat.ion and vocational training. Early in the 1941
fisc11l year, CCC training was intensifiPd and
expanded to give special emphasis to trade and
industrial com-sPs in fields importnnt to the
national defense, such as electrical repair work,
nutomobile and airplane servicing, metal work,
and blueprint reading.
During the first six months of the 1941 fiscal
yc>ar, CCC enrollment nveragc>d about 270,000
per month, or only slightly less than during the
sanw months of the preceding year. In the
months subsequl•nt to February 1941, however,
a marked decline occurred in the num hPr of
P11rollPes. From an avPragP of 244,000 mPn
in ~nrch, enrollment dropped to 19fi,OOO in
,June. The extraordinarily low level rt•adwd
in June 1941 anticipated a reduction in thP
numbPr of camps sclwduled for 01wration in thP
IH'W fiscal year.
In gPnPral, the downward
trPnd in CCC enrollnwnt dming thP luttl'r hnlf
of tlw yPar rPflPct<'d a decrPIISP in the volunw of
appli,·ations for enrollment and an incn•us(• in
tlw 1111mlwrs of PnrollPPS !Paving tlw Corps prior
to thP Pxpirntion of t!H'ir c>nrnllment tnms.
Tlw Pst imuted mo11t hl_v Plll'llin~s of CCC Pllroll(•(•s rn11gt'd from $12,900,000 to $19,000,000
during the fiscal year and totaled $201,iOO,OOO
for the year. These estimatPs include not only
the maintenance that the enrollees receive in
the camps but also the cash allowances of which
a large share is allotted to dependents. Effective January 1, 1941, the allotments to dependents of junior enrollees (men between 17 and
23 years of age, who make up the bulk of the
enrollment) were reduced from $22 to $15 so
that the $i difference might be set up as a
savings account for the enrollee, payable to him
upon his discharge from the Corps.
Public Works Administration and
Other Federal Agency Employment
The Public Works Administration and a
number of Federal agencies otlwr than the
WPA, CCC, and NYA have also undertaken
public construction projects that have bl'Pn
financed from emergency appropriations. For
several years, however, this group of projects
has provided a progn•ssively smaller numbPr of
jobs. No new appropriations were made for
the PW A program in 1941, and total employment on projects financl'd with PW A funds
dropped from 63,000 pPt-sons in July 1940 to
only 8,000 in June 1941. In July 1939 about
227,000 workers had been employed on PWA
projects. Employment on otht•r Federal ag1•ncy
projects financed from emergency appropriations totaled only about 1,000 persons during
most months of the 1941 fiscal year.
Total earnings on PW A and other FedPral
agency projects 11mountt•d to barely a fifth as
much in the fiscal yPar 1941 as in the previous
year. Workers on PW A projects recein-d
$38,300,000 in 1941 as compared with $186,400,000 a year Parlier, and those employl'd on
other Federal agency projects earned $1,400,000
as against $2,300,000 in 1940.
Special Types of Public Assistance
Tlw numbers aided undPr tlw thrt•e s1wci11l
typl'S of assistuneP in which the FP<it•ral Gon•rnnwnt participates und,•r the Social Securit.y
Act-old-age assistnnce, aid to dependl'nt childrPn, and aid to tlw blind-increased substantinll_v in the 1941 fiscnl ypnr. During this pniod
tlH• number of n•cipiPnts of old-ug" assistanc1• incrPllsl'd 10 ppn•Pnt; of nid to depl'n<lent childMl,
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FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
CHART 14
about 13 percent; and of aid to
WORK PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT
FEDERAL
OF
RECIPIENTS
thl• blind, 3 percent. Federal
AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM
grants are made on a matching basis (up to specified limits) _
to states operating these pro0_ , .
grams under plans approved
by the Social Security Board.
During the 1941 fiscal year, ._.
- \ - - + - - - - - - , , - - - - + - - - - - - + - - - + - - - t - - - - - 1 4,1
I
old-age assistance was adminisI
tered in all states with the finanI
\
cial participation of the Fed- 4 •0
-+--+-- - +-- - - + - - - r - - - - t - - - - c - - - - - - t 4 , 0
eral Government. The number of recipients of old-age
assistance increased steadily, 3 . 5 t - - - - . + - - - - - t - - - - + - - - -+ - - - + - - from a total of 1,986,000 in
July 1940 to 2,166,000 in June
1941. Monthly payments from 3 , 0 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 3.0
Federal, state, and local funds
for this type of assistance increased from $39,600,000 in
July 1940 to nearly $45,700,000 u
in June 1941, a rise of 15 perI
cent. The relatively largN· increase in payments than in the •- 0 1----f+--\-\---+-~--+-lr--- -+---+---tt--,t::>-'""--t---- f•-0
\
number of recipients reflected
\
increases in the average amount
extended per recipient in the '-•t----1t-t---r----t1~..-"ld tt--~--i-----r-....-----r-1.-- --1 1 ••
, ....
majority of the states, among
"'"\
which Texas and Washington
\
I
were outstanding. In June ,.01-----t-+----+--1---. .....-----+---+----+-~--- 1,.o
1941 the average monthly
amount per recipient of old-age
assistance ranged from less than
$10 in six states to more than
$30 in three states. In total,
nearly $506,200,000 was paid to
recipients of old-agt• assistance
during the year.
Two states- Mississippi and
South Dakota-were added
during the 1941 fiscal year to
the number granting aid to
,,4'. NYA
-•..,,
Ci.:.)
dependent children undl•r plans
approved by the Social Se.~~.,
0,,,,,1,,
_,
IMI
1MO
•curity Board. By June, Fed,..
1N7
••-eral, state, and local funds
including 942,000 children, were recipients of
were being used to assist. needy childr<'n
aid to dependent children. This figure reprein 43 states; in the remainder of the statt!S such
sented an increase of 45,000 families, or 13 pcraid was being administered under stat<' laws
cPnt, over the June 1940 tot.al. More than
from state and local funds without Federal
half the increase occurred in Pennsylvania,
participation. In June 1941, 391,000 families,
r
'
'
·1'"·- ~fB-d-•_
,...
-
-·-
___ .,
OUT'..O,•
...
1IJORII;
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90
REPOR'l' ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE 4O.---AMOUNT OF EARNINGS OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND
PAYMENTS TO RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM A
CONTINENTAL UNITED STATltS
MONTIILY, JULY 1940-JUNI! 11141
[In thousands]
Federal work program earnings and payments to recipients or public a.ssistanoe
Month
Total
8
Work
Projects
National Youth
Administration
Public Works
Administration
CivilIan
Student
minis- work
tration program
Ad-
Other
Federal
agency
proj-
Out-of- Conser- Nonschool vation Federal Federal ectscmerwork Corps
projprojgency
proects
ects
funds
gram
Earn-
Special types or public
assistsnoo
Oenera!
relief
Aid to
Old- dependAid to
age
ent
the
assistchilblind
ance
dren
in,rs OD
rt•~lar
Farm
&>curity
Ft•d~ral
COD·
struo-
.~dminis-
t.ion
pro.I-
tration
grants
ecta
- - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19,j/}
July __
-----------------August-------·--------·-September
____ . __________ ..
Octobt>r ___________________
November_
December __ --------------·_
$211,840 $97,086
213, 2AA 97,333
203,0.56 93. 507
216,141 101, 789
209,214 93,532
217,845 102,329
$2
4
106
2,236
3,064
3, 100
$3,407 $18,137
4,759 19,022
4,822 16,828
4,911 18,479
5,450 18,725
6,463 16,314
$6,899
17, 110
18,152
16, 178
IS, 073
14, 7r,5
12,902
1,604
1,496
5,738
4,586
3,602
3,047
2,304
$767
692
644
540
509
367
$162 $39, 6-13 Sil, 000
70 39,943 II, 223
93 40,034 11,328
126 40,864 II, 558
151 41,306 II, 718
132 41,858 II, 990
$1,818 $32, 192
1,832 31,732
1,829 28,547
I, 846 20,379
I, 848 29,033
I, 862 30, O&l
$637
940
732
811
8.11
1,037
$39,4l0
1,868 30,544
I, 871 I 28, 872
I, S70 1 Z'!, 758
I, 8R3 26,
I, R94 23, 272
I, 894 I 20, 580
1,455
I, 617
1,953
103,323
113, 790
Ill, 136
116,152
100,415
110, 103
43,799
47, O.lS
5/i, 120
6~. 201
86,074
19,11
January _
Febnmry ___________________
M!lrch_ ---···--··---------April_---··----------·-----Mny ___ . ____________________
June ______________________
A
8
221,979 103,514
21,\ 023 94,080
2m, 039 97,400
20~. 430 93,689
1118, 841 88.
187,876 80, 746
2361
2, 776
3,165
3, 2R.1
3,352
3, 3851
2,592
7,001
9,224
8,929
8,405
8,
II~
7,992
I
I, Jr,8
I, 124
I 1,014
881
1
249
239
llll
213
204
175
137
114
103
111
118
117
42,523
43,001
43,440
43, 8.18
44,074
45, 6511
12,298
13. 192
12. 766
12,866
12,8M
12,806
I
2691
I,~
I, 532
I
I
See notes on pp. 98 and 99 for deSCTiption or data lnduded. Comparable dnta for earlier years are given In Table XXI of the appendix.
DO<'S not include earnings on re,rular Federul construction projects.
where more liberal eligibility standards bPcame
effective during the year. Payments from
Federal, state, and local funds for aid to dependent children increased 17 percent from
June 1940 to June 1941 (from $11,000,000 to
$12,800,000), and totaled nearly $145,700,000
for the 1941 fiscal year. As in the case of the
old-age assistance program, the relatively larger
rise in payments than in the number of recipients was the result of slight increases in the
average amount of aid per family in the majority
of the states.
The smallest of the special assistance programs-aid to the blind-showed comparatively
minor increases during the year. As in the
preceding fiscal year, 42 states provided aid to
the blind under plans approved by the Social
Security Board, and four additional states
furnished such aid under state laws without
Federal participation. BPtWPcn June 1940 nnd
June 1941 the nmnber of recipients increased by
3 percent to 74,000 and the amount of payments
increased by 4 percmt to $1,900,000. A total
of more thnn $22,300,000 wits paid to rPcipicnts
of aid to the blind during the course of the 1941
fiscnl year.
General Relief
Public general relief has been financed from
state and local funds since the discontinuation,
during the fiscal year 1936, of grants by the
Federal Emergency Relief Administration to the
statPs. Among the persons aided under this
residual program are the physically handicapped
and other unemployable persons who do not
meet the eligibility requirements of any of the
special assistance programs, as well as some of
the employable persons for whom jobs are not
available on work programs because of shortages
of funds or other causes. Also, general relief is
sometimes extended to needy families receiving
assistance under other programs when their
income from these other sources is not sufficient
to mept minimum requirements.
The downward trend in the national general
rdief totals that had been evident in the two
previous yen rs was acct>ntuated during the fiscal
Y<'lll' 1941 .3
Instead of the upward movemPnt
thut usunlly takes place in the fall and winter
• The romparnbility or tbe general relief totals for months sulw(Juent
to August 1940 with those for previous mombs ts Blfected to some e1tenl
by the exriusion, b••~inning with Scptcmher 1940, of ea8el! recei'111C
medical carf' only and or total paymrnts ror mP<Jicql care.
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91
FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
months, a steady decline in the number of cases
occurred from July through November 1940,
and only slight increases were evident in December and January. The estimate for January
was only 1,257,000 cases, a decline of roughly
100,000, or 8 percent, from the estimate for the
preceding July, and the smallest January total
in the period beginning with 1933 for which
nation-wide statistics are available. The decline that be,gan in February continued throughout the remainder of the year, particularly
heavy reductions being recorded during the last
quarter. By June 1941, the estimated national
total number of cases had dropped to 934,000,
the first total of less than 1,000,000 that had
been recorded in the entire period beginning
with January 1933. The reduction from June of
the preceding year amounted to about 420,000,
or slightly less than a third.
A similarly pronounced downward movement
was evident in the total monthly payments for
general relief. In July 1940, general relief payments totaled about $32,200,000 or 11 percent
less than in the preceding ,July. This, nevertheless, was the highest monthly total recorded
during the fiscal year 1941. The total for June
1941 was only $20,600,000, the lowest of the
entire period beginning with January 1933.
General relief payments during the year totaled
a little le,SS than $339,300,000, as compared
with a total of about $453,400,000 during the
fiscal year 1940.
Reductions in g<'neral relief totals occurred
in practically all the stat<•s, although a major
portion of the national decline occurred in the
large industrial states. The contraction in the
general relief rolls in the larger states was
primarily attributable to increased employment
and income. This factor was also responsible
to some extent for the changes that occurred
in most of the other states. In some areas,
decreases were partly attributable to reductions
in available funds and more restrictive eligibility requirements. Expansion of the old-age
assistance and aid to depPndent children programs also contributed materially to the downward trend in the general rl'lief rolls in a number
of states. Declines were comparatively small
in a few states where little assistance was given
during the year to employable persons.
For the continental United States as a whole
the average amount of general relief extended
per case during the month of June 1941 was
a.bout $22. Average monthly payments do not
furnish an accurate measure of relief standards,
since they are affected by various factors such
as the average number of persons per case, the
extent of turnover in relief rolls, ancl the extent
to which assistance supplements other income.
Nevertheless, it is evident that great variation
existed in the general relief standards prevailing
in the several states. Only half a dozen states
reported average benefits that were higher than
the national average, but in about a dozen
states the average was less than $10 in June.
A 'few states with comparatively high payments had considerable influence on the national
average. Nearly half of the cases receiving
general relief during June 1941 were located in
three states in which the average monthly
payments per case ranged from $19 to $36.
These three states included 24 percent of the
national population.
Farm Security Administration Grants
The Farm Security Administration, as a pa.rt
of its rehabilitation activities, makes grants to
destitute and low-income farmers to provide
them with food, clothing, and other family
needs. During the 1941 fiscal year relatively
small numbers of grants were made, ranging
from 31,000 to 66,000 in the various months.
Even the largest monthly total contrasts
sharply with the winter peaks of from 119,000
to 335,000 that he.cl been recorded in preceding
years. Total grants during the year amounted
to about $14,100,000, which was 29 percent
less than in the fiscal year 1940 and 59 percent
less than in 1937. The low level of grants in
the 1941 fiscal year reflected not only the
general improvement in agricultural conditions
but also the fact that there had been relatively
few of the emergency situations, such as those
arising from floods and droughts, that necessitat,ed program expansion in previous years.
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APPENDIX
TABLES
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LIST OF TABLES
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
Pqe
Explanatory Notes _____________ ----------------------------------------Number of Persons Employed on WPA Projects, Weekly, August 1935-June 1941-_
Average Number of Persons Employed on WPA Projects, by State, Semiannually,
December 1935-June 1940_____ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ ___ __ _ ___ ___ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _
Average Number of Persons Employed on WPA Projects, by State, Quarterly,
September 1940---June 1941______________________________________________
Number of Persons Employed on Projects Operated by WPA, by State and by
Major Type of Project, June 25, 194L____________________________________
Average Number of Persons Employed on WPA Projects Operated by Other
Federal Agencies, by State and by Agency, June 1941- _ _ _ ___ __ __ ___ _ __ ___ __
Hours and Earnings of Persons Employed on Projects Operated by WP A, by
State, Selected Periods___ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __
Amount of WPA Funds Allocated, Obligated, and Expended, by Operating Agency,
through June 30, 1941__________________________________________________
Amount of WP A Funds Expended for Programs Operated by WP A and by Other
Federal Agencies, by Operating Agency and by Fiscal Year, through June 30,
1941__________________________________________________________________
-\roouo..__o£ W£A..Fu"-da.Expende.d.fw: Progu.m&.Opw:a.ted.hy WPA.and.by Othe:c
Federal Agencies, by State and by Fiscal Year, through June 30, 194L_______
Amount of WPA and Sponsors' Funds Expended for Nonlabor Purposes on
Projects Operated by WP A, by Type of Purchase or Rental and by Source of
Funds, Cumulative through and Year Ending June 30, 194L________________
Amount of WP A and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WP A,
by Type of Project, by Source of Funds, and by Object of Expenditure, Cumulative through June 30, 194L____________________________________________
Amount of WP A and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WP A,
by Type of Project, by Source of Funds, and by Object of Expenditure, Year
Ending June 30, 194L_______ __ __ __ _ _ ___ ___________ __ _________ ___ __ __ ___
Amount of WP A and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WP A,
by State, by Source of Funds, and by Object of Expenditure, Cumulative
through June 30, 1941- ______________ __ __ __ __ ___ _ __ __ ___ ___ ____ ___ _ __ __ _
Amount of WPA and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WPA,
by State, by Source of Funds, and by Object of Expenditure, Year Ending June
30, 194 L _____ _ _ __ __ __ ___ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ ___ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ ___ _
Amount of WP A and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WP A,
by State and by Major Type of Pr<>;ect, Cumulative through June 30, 1941- _
Amount of WP A and Sponsors' Funds Expended on Projects Operated by WP A,
by State and by Major Type of Project, Year Ending J unc 30, 194 L ____ _ _ __ _
Physical Accomplishments and Public Participation on Projects Operated by
WPA, Cumulative through June 30, 1941 -------------------------------Selected Activities on WPA Community Service Programs, by State, Selected
Periods_______________________________________________________________
Selected Items of Physical Accomplishment on Construction Projects Operated
by WPA, by State, Cumulative through June 30, 1941-_____________________
Number of Persons Employed on Federal Work and Construction Projects and
Number of Recipient:- of Public Assistance, by Program, Monthly, January
1933-June 1941________________________________________________________
Amount of Earnings of Persons Employed on Federal Work and Construction
Projects and Payments to Recipients of Public Assistance, by Program, Monthly,
January 1933-June 1941 _ _ _______ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ ___ _ _____ ___ _ __ ___ _ __ ___ __
Number of Persons Employed on Federal Work and Construction Projects and
Number of Recipients of Public Assistance, by State and by Program, June
1941__________________________________________________________________
Amount of Earnings of Persons Employed on Federal Work and Construction
Projects and Payments to Recipients of Public Assistance, by State and by
Program, June 1941 _ _ _ __ ____ __ ___ ___ ____ __ __ ______ ___ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ _ __ _
97
100
102
103
104
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
119
122
125
126
128
132
136
137
95
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EXPLANATORY NOTES
WPA stat,istics presented in this report relate
to activities conducted under the program from
its initiation in the summer of 1935 through
June 30, 1941. The figures cover activities on
all WPA projects financed in whole or in part
w-ith WP A funds. Most of tlH'se projects
have been operated by the WPA itself, but in
the period beginning with July 1938 a few have
been operated by other Federal agPncil'S with
funds appropriated to the WP A and allocated
to these agencies. Unless otherwise specified,
all statistics presented ill this report cover the
continental United States and the territories of
Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin
Islands. Many of the tabulations relate to
fiscal yea.rs (July 1 through June 30).
Employment Statistics
WPA employmmt data shown in the first
three tables of the appendix relate to persons
employed on all WPA projects. Tables IV and
VI relate to employment on projrcts operated
by the WPA itself, and Table V covrrs only
employment on WPA projects operated by
other Federal agencies. None of the figures
shown in these tables include administrative
employees or workers paid by project sponsors.
Monthly WPA employnwnt figures have
usually been usP<l in both the appPndix and the
text tablPs PXcPpt for cprtain distributions that
were rPportPd only for sPleeted wePks. The
monthly statistics are averagPs of the numlwrs
employPd on \Vt>dnPsday of Pach week. The
basic W<'ekly figun•s are summarized for the
United Statps and territoriPs in Tn h!P I of tlw
appendix.
Financial Statistics
Tables VII, VIII, and IX an• hasPd on n•ports
of the Department of the Treasury nnd relate
to Federal funds allocated or appropriated to
the WPA undn the ERA Acts of 1935, 1936,
1937, 1938, 1939, and fiscal year 1941. The
data cover project operations and administrative expensps of WPA (including administrative rxpPnses of th<' NY A prior to July 1939);
other F<'deral agmcy project opPrations and
administrative expenses financed with allocations of WPA funds; the purchase of surplus
clothing for needy persons and aid to self-help
a.nd cooperative associations under the ERA
Act of 1938; tornado relief under the ERA
Act of 1939; and the settlement of property
damage claims under the ERA Acts of 1939
and fiscal year 1941. Some of the terms used
in these tables are defined in the following
paragraphs:
1. "Allocations" represent a.mounts directly
appropriated to the agency or ordered transferred to it, warrants for which have been issued
by the Treasury.
2. "Obligations," as used in this report
represent actual or contingent liabilities incurred against allocated funds. The figures
are cumulative and represent paid, as well as
unpaid, obligations. Requisitions for materials,
supplies, and equipment a.re set up as obligations. Items such as pay rolls, rents, and
travel expensPs, which are certain to become
due in a short period, are obligated one period in
advance. 1
3. "Expenditures" represent checks issued in
payment of pay rolls and other certified
vouchers.
Neither obligations nor expenditures necessarily provide a wholly accurate measure of
op<'rations at any given time since obligations in
part rpffoct future operations, and expenditures
lag behind current operations because of the
time consumed in maki11g actual payments.
Tables X to XVI, dealing with expenditures
of WP A and sponsors' funds on projects operated hy WPA, arc based on data compiled
from WPA projPct lPdgcrs maintninPd by the
,vPA divisions of finance in the several stntPs.
Project Accomplishment Statistics
Tahh-s XVII, XVIII, and XIX relate to the
numhPr of physi<"al units of work that WPrc
'This dl'flnltion of '"ohli~nUons" does not correspond with that used
und<'r th<• r1wiS("rl accountinJ;! procP<tnrf': pffrc-tive with flsrnl yl'ar 1942.
Undl'r the D('W pror,•dure, tht.• 1fr•flnition given abovP applies to encumbranL't.1s," and thC' term '1 ohliJ!ations'' covers only tho..~• tran.,,iac•tions
which IPJ?ally reserve an appro1,riation for PXfl('miiture. Ji"or pxamplP,
the ohli~ntlons recorded ror lahor costs in the tl,waJ ymr IIU2 inl'lude only
11
earninJ!'.!'- for complet.ed pay Jl('riods pin~ H.NTUed t•nrning~ for in<•omp}('tctl
pay J)Primls: in ~••rwral, tho~ n•cordt>d ror nonlahor rosts inrludt• only
WPA rt•quisilions for whil•h purchase orders, bills o! lading, or ~imilar
documents ha vu been Issued.
97
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98
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
completed on projects operated by WPA from
the beginning of the program through June 1941.
The figures shown for certain activities on
community service programs, however, refer to
the extent of public participation during the
month of April 1941. The data presented are
limited to selected items of accomplishment.
Federal Work Program and Public
Assistance Statistics
The estimated unduplicated total numbers of
households and persons, discussed in the section
on Federal work programs and public assistance
and presented in Table XX include both relief
and nonrelief recipients, exclusive of administrative employees, in the continental United
States who benefited under the following
agencies and programs: emergency reliPf (general work and direct relief and FERA special
programs) fine.need in part from FERA funds;
general relief, including outdoor poor relief,
financed from state and local funds; subsistence
grants made by the Farm Security Administration; the three special types of public
assistance (old-age assistance, aid to the blind,
and aid to dependent children) which, from
February 1936, have been financt"d in part from
Federal funds under the Social Security Act;
the Civil Works program; the Work ProjPcts
Administration; the Civilian Conservation
Corps; the National Youth Administration;
the Public Works Administration; and all other
work and construction projPcts of FPderal
agencies other than WPA, PWA, NYA, and
CCC that have been financed from funds made
available by emergency relief appropriation
acts.
The estimatPs differ from those published in
the Report <n1 Progress oj the WPA Program,
June 30, 1940 in that they exclude data pertaining to n•gular FPdt>ml <'Onstruction proj!'cts;
thesl' data are shown separately, however, in all
t,he tabl!'s c·ovl'ring individual progmms. Tlw
seri!'s shown in this report as wPll aR in the
earlier publi<'ations exclude recipi<'11ts of institutional care (with the excPption of transiPnt
rl'lief incluclt•d unclPr the SJlC'<'inl progrnms of
the FERA), surplus commoditiPs (including
those made avnilubll' through the stnmp plun
and the direct distribution system of the Surplus Marketing Administration), and rural
rehabilitation loans made by the Farm Security
Administration; they also exclude persons
benefited by the unemployment compensation
and old-age and survivors' insurance programs
of the Social Security and Railroad Retirement
Boards.
The monthly figures on aggregate payments
made to these recipients, which are presented
in Table XXI, were obtained by adding the
amounts reported or estimated for the various
programs. They exclude administrative costs
and material, equipment, and other nonlabor
costs incident to project operations.
In order to arrive at the total numbers of
households and persons, it was necessary to
make several types of adjustm<>nts. Basic
recipient data reported for the majority of
programs correspond fairly closely to the munher of households (families and single persons),
but, for certain programs, reportPd recipient
data were converted to a household basis. The
number of persons benefited, including dependents of family heads, was reported monthly for
only a few of the programs; data for other programs were estimated from information available from special reports and sample studies.
Allowances were made for duplication because
some households and persons benefit from more
than one program in the course of any given
month. Duplication between programs is sometimes technical in nature-a result of the fact
that assistance or work may be provided during
part of a month under one program and during
the remainder of the same month under another
program. This type of duplication has attained
important proportions at certain times, as, for
exampl<>, in the foll of 1935.
Unduplicated totals of households and of
persons are rough approximations which are
pn'sPntPd only on a nation-wide basis. The
allownnces for duplication in nparly all instances
wPrP based on sample information which is not
adt>quatP for muking adjustmPnts in totals for
individunl stntPs. FigurPs for tlw country as a
whole arP not suitPd for usP in adjusting state
figun's bPcausP of tlH' Pxistpnce of wide variation
in tlw l'XtPnt of duplication among the different
states. Unduplil'tttl'd state totals consequently
Digitized by
Google
99
APPENDIX
have not been developed. Recipient data for
individual programs, however, are shown by
states, for June 1941, in Table XXII.
The unduplicated estimates were prepared
jointly by the Social Security Board and the
WPA. Duplication within the three special
types of public assistance (old-age assistance,
a.id to the blind, and aid to dependent children)
and between these programs and general relief
for months subsequent to June 1936 was estimated by the Social Security Board. All other
adjustments for duplication were prepared in
accordance with methods developed by the
Division of Research and the Division of Statistics of the WPA.
The coverage of the basic statistics on the
number of recipients and amount of payments
to recipients for each of the Federal work and
public assistance programs, which are shown in
Tables XX to XXIII, is indicated in the footnotes to the tables. All figures relate to the
continental United States or its political subdivisions and, unless otherwise specified, refer
to the calendar month. The source of the
basic statistics, unless otherwise specified, is
the WPA.
Digitized by
Google
TABLE !.-NUMBER OF PERSONS E~!PLOYED ON
WPA
.....
8
PROJECTS
WJ:ICKLT, AUGUST 1935-JUNJ: 11141
Year enllint,?
Yesr ending
June 30, 1936
Year ending June 30, 1939
,
I
Projects
Projects
Date op,,nitcd by Date loperall'd by Date operated by Date
WPA
WPA
WPA
Total
I
1936
July_·--------·-··-·-July
July
July
July
August..........
Au~u,t.._._.........
Au~ust ·••-·--· • ··
.-\11~11,t ... . . . . . . .
Augu:,;t ____________ _
0
N.
CD
0..
cr
'<
0
0
-
~
('i)
1
····-·----·
·---····-
1--iI
m,!_l';s
141
21
28
21?,~S!
252, 139
II
4
II
18
25
···-··
. . ....
2
9
16
23
1
Total
I
-2\1\!, 5-13
314.118
3117, .5\13
456,013
i
1-1
~
rn,
rn
23
30
1& I
17
24
31
I 1,510,894
2,332.3~
--29
I
l.li3l.204
5 I 2,279,lol21 _ _4_ _l,_
_ 217
_
aJ.~.
1,524.
12 I 2,~tl,~94
II
1, /'J()I, 356
I~ I 2,:~a•l. ,SO
18
26
2, 3,b, 565
25
1,479,836
220,163
/'JIMi.l!KJ
5!11, 4~.•i
661. l~J6
77i. 2114
8.17
I~-~·
i
14
21
28
I
i
2,245,328 _ _ I
2. 405~!\II, I
2,42,;,2;17
2,416, 721
2.481,5W
2,,508,441
2,52,5,411
2, 5-15, fi25
2. ,11',x, 052
2,581,208
I I I, 4W, 31il
81,458,830
1s I I, 4b5, 170
2211,451,112
29
1,448,411
6
13
20
27
7
H
21
28
1,4,50,667
I, 457. O~'IJ
I, 4(ili, 925
I, 475,800
5
12
19
26
705,169
2,!\52,Si4
=1== -- ---·Sovrrnher ......•. ___
fi
1.2ti-l,855
4
2,587.:lOI
3
:Sowrnlwr ... --·--13
l,t\23.li!lti
II
2,58f>, 107
10
20
1.1125,:!25
18
2,5-IY,077
17
No,·<'mh<•r_. __ ....
27
2,445, 95-1
25
2,482,681
24
Jl,o,·1•m h,•r.......
Novemher........
_ _., _ _ _ _ _ ,
...... -·-··
t ?~
2, !192, 876
3,016, ii5
3, 03~. 875
3, Olio, R9.1
3,085, 162
I
::mi
3, o4o, 237
I
85. 001
1
{:
~~ I
3,121.!lSS
3. 153, 113
3. 171. 184
I
83,712
84,569 ,
85,113 I
88, 5381
3, 108,921
3,121,091
3, 127, 757
3,136,505--···--
89.221
90,827
91,577
.....
I
3, 2n. 6119
3. 123. ,'JAA
90. 041
I
. _. _. _.. .
3.286.611
DPet'mhrr.... ...•...
!J<'l1'11l lK•r - . . .
1J,•t1•rnl>t·r .......•••• _
4
11
18
g~~::::::~::: :::::::: __:__
Average._______
2,M,1.9'Jtl
2. l\fiO, 116
2,70-1,57i
2,740.0iO.
2,551, 0-12
2
9
16
~
2,389.202
2, :ISS, 51i5
2,214,9.17
I
89,4!l9
90, 81tl .
91,377
92,484
.. _.
. ... __ .
3,19,5,567
91,044
2,282,087
I
2. 236,920
45, ltl7
2. os2. :11.i6
2. 0!")3, !i,)2
1,977,39H
I, 80i, 8!1ti
I, 842, 230
I
2,021, 2-ltl
I. 9'J4, 736
], 9Jll. 525
I, 8.14. 747
I, 778, li5
57,120
58,816
60,871
63,149
64,055
], 909. 886
60,802
6
13
20
27
I, 662,447
1,695,7\M
I, 735,580
1,790,163
I. 603, 275
1,633.095
I, tl67, 836
1,719,872
59, 172
62.699
67. 744
70,291
I. 720, !196
I. fi56, 019
64, 9i7
....
·--··-·
~:m:i~~
2,667,190 - · · ~ ~~7,461
1,487,007
1,49>l,ti28
l.5<111,505
I, 519, 740
..... .....
1,
8
15
1,5:n,.158
I. ,1,17J,89
1,588.244
l··-·--i
1,596,676
~
'
3
10
17
24
31
7
14
21
28
21
9
1,834,1!12
I, 875. IUO
I, 8118, Iii!
I, 901, i02
. ..
1
1
3,363,1141
3 3,)8 f>25
3::Ho:0:12
3. 318, \IS3
3,28tl,.5\l'l
3,271.:1118
3,2f6,,15(l
3,2,52,M.5
3. 2'25, t\25
3, 193,tl,>8
92,443
91,975
92,477 I
93, 3S8 '
92,934
. ] 3. 334. 594
3,241, 9S7
92. 637
3,HS.437
3, 0\)3, 927
3,032,759
3:002:24'..
92,2401
9], 894 ,
91.209 ·
9].fl14 . .
3,069,341
91,739
16
23
30
l:~rcu~
1
I
3,240.tm
14
3, 18,5. 821
2113,123,!Ni!I
28 .. 3.093.855
------1
1,877.4311
l,ifi4,3fil
I. 802. 225
I, 823, 7211
I, 825,937
--1
69,831
72. !lti,1
i4, IM2
75, i65
2
9
16
23
30
..
1,804,0t;J
I
8
15
22
29
I, 6,55, 479
I, 610, 711
i
44, 768
l. 70X, [12.5
], i08, 239
I, 697,978
], 691,307
1,655,809
I, 65-1. 070
I, tl-12, 796
I, 635, 9S4
- -
73,376
I
6
13
20
27
J.... .
I
52, 716
5-1. lliO
55, 182
55, 323
--- -
-- -
--------
~
~
0
z
~
0
~
I. ll\lO, 104
], f>X7, 420
I. f,x9, 292
], 703, 748
I, 6.14, 802
I, 631. 328
I, 6.13, 195
I, 647,970 1
55, :io2
56, 092
5tl, 11117
55, i78
I. 692,641
I. 636, R24
1,i4tl,704
I, 7tl2, 672
I, 76S, 162
I, 775,644
], 779,261
1,691,224
I, 707, 5,11
I, 713,242
1, 721. b05
I, 725,232
55,480
55. 121
54, 1120
5-1, 139
54,029
:
1,i6tl,489 I 1,711,751
--I, 7!\:I, -179 I
5-1.i38
0
0
77,034
77,97,5
76,981
ii, 966
i8,862
I, 960, ,118
I, 882, 75-1 -
77, 7f>4
2.on.387
2, 122,821
2,143,070
2.151.847
J.IJ96.89-I
2,044, 5ltl
2,0fi6.171
~:075.977
78,493 1--4---1,832,5231'
78,305
11
1, 8.5.5, 175
7i.4!19 I 18
1,872,284
75:870
26 _Ui8.~95-i
2,123,431
2,045-,&~o
i7,542 ...•..
1
I
I
~
54. ~~
1,82-1.113
l,8.11,244
1,883,82,1
I, !ltl\l, 2:16
1,945,3.52
6
13
20
27
J
I
1,\,01, 147
1.9211,219
1,IN,O.<i
I, 987, 202
2,024,214
1
3,161,080
!
38,834
41,901
46,021
4i. 1\-12
49,440
], 701, 5-12
4
II
18
25
I
I
1,568,899
I, 577, 729
], 613,434
I. 642,089
I, 651. 4(Jf,
1, 647, 164
=
4
11
18
25
A
1,607, 7331'
I, 619. (i30
I, 6511, 4,15 ,
I. t;89. 731
], 700, 8lli I
--
-
I. 503,720
I
mes
29,901
41,091
53, 142
56,533
1
I. 814. 958
Average
Total
1940
I
2,358,179
2,248, till
2, 197, 2'16
2,143,662
I
I, 970,688
3. IV7. 4511
3,210.:ll2
3,218,584
3,228,082
3,144,433
3, 175, 25\l
3, 20K 951
3,253,623
21
9
16
23
30
Projects
I
Projects :0 ~•~ated
operated bylbfed!::Sr
WPA
a~en-
A
2,388.080 I
2, 28\l, 702
2,250.368
2,200, l!l5 I
-. , ·~ 1 ·
-84,900
-
2,914, 121
3,2:J.1,!l:!2
3. Wt\, 075
3, 3(XJ, :J28
3,346, 107
l,4tl2.fl05
5
12
19
26
2, 999,021 I
3,125.214
--•I-----I---,-----,
Average......
I
cles
1939
2,240.0851
1 / 1, ill, 5851
612,937,489
2,853. 129
84, 31\0
I, 1\,12, 2'13
13
2. 983, Jll7
2, 898, 597 I 84, 570
2,232,917
14
20
3,022. 103 I 2,937, 9211 I 84. 177
2. 240. 221 I 21 i 1,592, 129
2,249.:157
28
2.2!H.0.'>6
··--, .::~:~:'._ ... . . ~:~:3~.1 .. 2'~'.8321··~:~~5
374,316
2,453. f.02
_ I. 45.>, 977
=====l====l==i====I
Average.
co·
;:a.:
··----·-·-·
:-I
--··
St•p!t•mher _.. . . . . . . .
s,,pt,•mlwr__
~•pt,•mh<•r - . . . . . .. .
s,•ptt•mlwr. ...... _.
St•ptemb<•r.
Octol,..r
0<'1°l••r
Ort<>lwr
Octoh,•r
Oetol,.•r..
1 I
8
15
22,
29
----=====:
Average.__
.\verage ..
31 ... _________
10 ···-··------
17
24
31
Projects °~•ratcd
I,operated
Date
I WPA bylbtcJ'::.•{
agc"ncles
Projects
Projects opera1<•~
operated by bteS!~{ Date
WPA
agen-
1938
1937
I
1
I
A
1935
Year ending June 30, 19U
Year ending June 30, 1940
I Projects
I
I, Proj!'Cts
Month
Year ending
June 30, 1938
June 30, 1937
l: rn: ~~~ Ii
11 785, ll()f)
1,801\,811
1,821,630
1. 1.53. 1\/',I
I, 768, 525
i
1.859,594'
--
55,817
~: 1~
53. 100
53, 105
-_··-·_I_·-
I. 799,382
-----------
I
-
I, 746, 083 '
53. 2119
1,780,ml
1,803, 720
l,821,i05 I
1:828~024.:
5!,592
51,455
50.579
50.37~
I
50,999
1,808,595
-
r::JJ
tJl
0
'>j
>'3
=
t,j
~
~
~
_ _ _r._1_on_th_ _ _
l____1 ~ 1
i
J~n"'."~-------------
2
2,782,;l-52
8
2,8411.214
15 , 2,suo.0•6
22
2.92!..ti05
29 1 2. 000, 577
J.u,u.ir). ____________
January _____________
Ja111rnry ---·····-··
January .
___ . _. __
'1938
1937
i
6
13
20
j
2,132.~
2,124,30,
2,129.z:,o
12,1:18.059
I
r,
II
I
I
s
12
19
26
_
l,Il_l_.~32,
413,06,)l,~3~ I 2,9!9,~7
1.,6,.,0I I 11
3,0-J.,f,.,
2,9.19,5,4
1,s:12.14~ 118
3,(kll,111\2
2,910.!!0i
l.lJIKJ.(,2.5
25
2,98.5.620
2,895,125
2.031.401
5 12,-~188.:1731--3-j~-~26 ,--2-1,94.'>:lli i--1-1
12
3, I117.6-19
10. 2.1611.~~J
9
l.YS.",,406
8
19
3.1 ~14.517
171 2,147.1781
16
2.IKIY.145
15'
26
3,1 )3,5, 8.52
24
2, 145, .162
23
2, Oi5, 4U2
22
2,0t~;,2112
2.IH\.1.1186
3,0IO.Gfl9
3,043.367
2.871i.f>t9
2.8i5. 724
2.922.029
2,055,022
J--
---1
3,019.•. 098 :
2, 149. 3tm
3. )2~. 4281
2. WI. 121
2. 9fl.1!7~
2. 8d, 63,
I ~: ]~t: W~
--
s-i--
-2,-()(J-3,
Av..rS1?•------
I
ll
i:~:~:::::::·::::::::: N.
CD
0..
2.28i.. i97
2.300,048
2.:ns.1140
2. 324,089
14
21
28
-2-.900-.-. 5,,4 -2-.9<-J-7,-3-.56-1--80-,1-98- __
I
j
2,142,5881
74,394
73,103
73,5li
73, 253
2,212.789175,008'
2,231.139 I 74,909
2.244,,540
74,400
2,249,912
74, 177
2,309, 218 , 2. 234. 595
!6
2
3
10
17
24
2.319.1113
2, 211:J. fi2.5
2.27:l.Oo2
2.2.55.898
l,8&!,4fAl
8
16
22
29
5
12
19
26
[
=~~-~ 1=12.640.2461
1
2
I,9S0.236
9 1 1.114:,. i\16 '
l61 l,kf"1.617
~I
2,285,622
I
8
I.I
2.f.113.:l,,1 I
2, 71 I. 7112
2.736_,.,_114 ,
2.645.550
7
14
21
U?~:1;i I i I~:~{t - 28 __
1 1,878,008 ; ______ j
2,743,025 1.. ---1
1
--
'I
I 2.ri00.s75_113.l;;_"~i-
-1-,8-96-.f>42[-&5-,
1.1181.6611_
2,.5\13.349
2,449.189
2, .'>X9, 72'1 ' 2,445. ,545
2,5ii.675 j 2,438,255
4Y, 308
48,822
48,377
48,287
1,890,345
1,841,318
49,027
1,892.2431 1,844.• 585
l,892,6:l2
1,845.377
1,884,699
1,837,566
1,806, 88,5 : 1,820,453
47,658
4i, 255
47,133
46,432
---------
I
50,252
1,8H. 028
1, 84i,(J09
I, 846. 902
w51-47.Jii
I, 805, ,582 ' I. 7tl0, 431
I, 763. 895
1, 719. 346
l,~35,6i6 - 1,6~_1.067
I, 107,821
l,f~,l, "-56
2.
"""~'I'"" I
I 1,830.~
I, 837. 544
l,88!>,942
1,893.750
1,895.3861
1, 895, 189
74,623 -___- J.-884-,1-15-1-1,-s:-3n-,
I
1-_-13,0tl\l.
I
2.3!lfl.7111
Aver8J?e ________ .
I
45, 151
44, [>49
44.600
43. 1165
1
I, 753. 244··1 -1.
iOli 675-i
44. 569
1--=---= ---- I. 618. 748
I. 59(), 616
I, 51\2, 681
1.541,889
1,51i,692
43. f,45
4:l, 400
H. 078
43.ti98
42,.556
[
1, 5iwl, 32.5
4.1, 476
I
I, 477. 263
I, 454. 438
41. \122
42. 211
41. 474
40,812
,
1
I
024:-- -1,-488-.-.599-.-1
I. 4:12. i26
I, 423,550
I, 446. 994
I
41. 605
;,.
-c,
-c,
t_,ll
z
t,
><
144,If~l
5
1,857.\l()li
I. 7i0, 2891 8i. 11171
4
I. 441. 936 - I. 400,885 • ~
144. 178
12
1,785.270
1,696.f.20
88,650
11
1,423.3il
1.382.3281
41,043
139,420 1 19
1,714,327 [ I, 628. 137
S6, 190
18
1,410.051 I I, 36i, 935
42, 116
2,5.51.4181· 2,420,741 __ '.30,_6771---~ __ I,664,6261 1,583. 2421--__
8_1._38LI--____
25_. .:.:__1.__
:JM
___
• 363 _1_.3_ri_._1_62_;
40. 601
1
2.578.041
----
A
7
73,726 -___-
0
I
=
June .... ------------Jun,,_________________
0
j
89,fl5.3
90.262
88.f,30
88,345
2,216.3141
I
June_______________
co·
;::.:
I
74,362
1
8
15
--
l(L......
90,194'
2,159,939 I 2,()15,5771
2,189.56312,115,169,
2,2'.12,006
2,148,903
2,244,452
2,170,935
2, 265. 609
2, 192, 356 ,
2
312. HS, 111:l I
2. Ifill.
Ifill. 7051
705
3, o:!2. 24i
2,948, 17.5
84. 072
6
2,323.491
2,248, 8\1()
H. !JOI
5
2.
10
2, 1:19. ·l7S I
2, 2fl.
2J:l, 81,5
:-W5
3. (~!9, 2,,:J
2. !J27, 115182, 138
13
2,318, 1114
2. 244. :l23
74,591
12
9
2,
3.lti, :-;77
17
2,13.l\1.5:!
16
_17
I~
2, 13:3.\1.';:!
~.:i.1,;_;,7:
~.OH . .'.85
2.92fi. ?O
sy,855
211
2.:!11.525
2,23,1,9'12
!5 533
19
24
2, 114.~(K),
114. ~(K) , 2'J
84.J
3. m,. !~14
2, 91.5, :;/!S
9,l. 406
r, 2,288. m
2,212,233
,,5, 994
26
2. 394, 84:J
22
:Ml
31
2,110.
H-IY
:10
2,445,415
211
2.IJU.!1411
2.H5.4I5
2.'l81.i,n2
2,882,722
97.750 _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
------ - 1
1
1
2. 911( ). 31,5 I
2. 1211. 47!\ II
I 2.:121,541
2. :121, 541
I IO
920.061\ ' 81l. (144
2,310, .5:l9 I 2,235,359
2,310,.-;:19
2,235, 3591 75.
75. 180
180 - .
- - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - ~ - - --1-- - - - 1 - - - 1 = ~ ~ ~ -1~~-----------1= .
2. 761, l,'>.5
2.
9():),
iYl
2.Ir.1s.:J.\!I
fl
1(14.
Ji~
2,
127.
384
77,056
2. rm. 483
"?. !<01. tll3
3
5
2. 204. 440
2. 7t.iU, 73.1°)
2,649. 881i 110,849
14
2. IJS:,. :l2'J
2.5:ll.:J92
12
2,161,001
I:!
10
2. fii8. 021
2, 082, .5461 79. :!55
2. Cli, •153
2, ()37, 282
21
2,070.151
2, 752. :!);2
2. 1;:15_ 369
2, 117, i41
80,459
20
2./i+I.0M
116. 913
17
19
2..570, :115 ,
2. 059, 044
2,581, S9i
2, 750, 11:19
2,629,314 121,325
81,483
28
2i
26
2,092,081
2,0IO, 598
24
29
2,504.892
--1--1-------!--1---1--1-----j----1---1
-2.
621
2. 792. 3fi2 I 2. 679. 046 I 113. 31_t'._j __
2.62fl,36i
_
2.078.2'll I
-1 2,.'\40.41;4,
2,144.040 I 2. 064, 452 I i9. 588
-------~~==~==1===1---6
2,4.14.21.1
5
2.046.7.',l
4
2. f~)6, 719
81,572
2
••
:JG.
329
I
2. 059. 04.5 I 1,977,473
13
2.41,.4,.s
12
2.on:116 I
11
2. !i2t,. 744
2. f,6(), 236
2, (X)8, ,140
8
1. 924. 388
84. 152
2. .52i. 11,.s 132. 278
I~
I
20
2.374.4tll
19
2.0lti.979
18
2. 6[~). ~'98
1, 88,5. f>83
17
2. '12:?. 590
2,485. :1r,o 137.2.10
15
84 . .574
I. 970. 257
'Ii
2.3:IU. 74(1
26
1.1111.l,269
2.5
2,li()S,920
2, 671\, 223
2, 4118. 073 140, "47
22
I, 857. 813
87. 132
24
I. 944. 945
87,686
;jj I 2. 5W, 6i:l
1, 92,1. :;an
2.457,!HJI 1 141. 772
29
I. 8.17. 85:l
11
IS
May ________________
l\luy________________
.\fny_________________
May_________________
May_________________
3
10
17
24
31
89,935
90,191
90,155
90,495
.. .
3.021..5115
=
2.~
87!
__________ _
1
j
11141
1940
~!~~~--,---
1
2,131.0~~1=~:1.~=1
--I
April
_.\pril
April
April
A1,ril ----- ---------
_____
2,438,432
1
139,609 ......
1
1,755,532
I
1,009,572
ss.9001------ 1
1,410,930 · 1,389,121
I
41.203
F!nanc.-cl by allocation of WP A funds.
B A Vt>ragp (or three Wl--eks.
cr
'<
0
0
-
~
('i)
-0
102
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE II.-AVERAOE NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON WPA PROJECTS, BY STATE A
SJ:MIANNt'ALLY,
December
1935
State
December
1936
June
1936
June
1937
--
Total
--- ·-· ------
Alabama.
2,667, 190
- -- -
Ar~ona . · · ·- ·-··-----·-·
Arkansas ... · --··---·-·· ·
California . _. . . . __ ... _...
Colorado . . --- ---- ------
48,330
10,872
40,808
121, 45.1
37,907
2, 2&,622
1113!1-Jt' N& 1940
June
1938
December
1937
June
December
11138 B
1939 B .
December
1939 B
June
!IMO
B
- --
2,247,461
I, 878,008
1,6116,676
2,578,041
2,123,431
I, 755, :132
23,405
7,832
24, 5f,5
102, 078
20, 076
23,931
6,890
20,593
71. 885
18,458
2,743,025
45,242
9. 987
36, 941
95,003
211, 115
3,161,080
30,382
8,347
32,480
105, 939
21 , 837
63,295
11 , 479
52, ,'il\9
120,887
33, 022
51, 351
8,521
46. 119
109, 069
25,984
50, 900
6,868
42, 9115
34,1123
5,740
26,941
75, 571
17, 234
18,268
2, li4
6,934
25,958
33,602
17,615
1.954
6,524
25, 369
25,447
16,113
I. 935
5,810
24, 011
24, 2'i2
24, 883
3,558
8,457
36,038
47, 187
30. 688
4, 047
13, K.~I
53,680
67,203
25,000
3, 468
12.919
45,387
57, 367
111. 026 ,
2. 515 I
10,821 I
37,716 •
4;, 707
16. 724
2.736
10.7W
25, 37\J
35,381-
6, 711
159,476
65,899
22,683
41,784
4,842
135, 607
5.\, 333
:IAJ, 156
32,402
6, 930
107, 889
44. 520
18, ITT
26,:-.49
9,319
222. 158
94,003
33, 737
34,717
II, 687
246,738
91,738
31,1195
37,126
10, 730
201,590
78. 360
2'i. 079
30, 116
10,387
160,098
61,166 :
23,917
26,716
i',23';'
135,737
47,3-4!,
19,093
17,818
106, 164
45,008
36,197
7,438
14, 7116
86. OOll
34,463
24, i83
6,246
15, 220
65,910
- - - - - ---32, 1126
9. 529
30,340
115,446
28, 5116
DECEMlllER
,
I
!
:
!
I
::~ ·
25. 722
2, 005
6, 6116
35, 019
53. 724
23,466
2. 415
7, 713
27,301
34,469
9,688
164,526
79, M2
23,580
41,366
6,589
157,451
69,358 ,
59,200
49,256
9,793
17, 635
116, 187
46,688
36,105
7,915
14,911
107,023
51,969
32,012
i,!i61
12,868
99, 791
43,472
27, 752
3,617
10,977
82,353
38, 735
23,635
4,231
9,625
67,632 ,
62,506
33, 112
8,169
12, 943
108,1182
68,563
M,736
10,986
19,933
128, i8fi
88, 772
56,612
31 , 385
82,008
, 13,566
76,418
46, 222
26, 713
67,351
10,591
67,955
47,088
2.\, 496
71,1123
12,888
52,130
38, 572
20, 303
67,331
9,643
45, 008
36, 611
19, 2116
50,392
13,147
182,411
61. 307
35, 074
100. 710
20,606
148, 729
48, 690
110, 662
20. 959
124,676
55, 18S
40, 360
85,639
17, 693
46, 174 '
43,924 I
77,618 '
13,175
67, lf>S
35,674
2.\, 7M'o
64, 411
8, 73'\
19,477
2, 325
7,026
89, 696
10,898
15,245
2,282
7,571
81,520
7,966
22, 172
2,0!H
8,001
76,422
8,548
19, 759
I. 635
6, 151
69,617
8,373
19,643
1,696
5,530
57,600
6,272
211,043
2,184
8,643
91,140
10, 6:IAJ
211, 032
2,672
11,M3
104,570
II, 862
26,298
1, 951
8. 530
82, 940
II. 956
124 1
Ti,
I, 7911
6,873
70,128
12, «6 '
:ll.l!Mi
1,470
G.ZW
58,511
9,024
N~w York_ ...
North Carolina
North Dakota ... _ ...
Ohio ..
- - --- -·
Oklahoma . . - • - -----
378,098
37,530
12,M4
174, 2.\2
8,5, liOO
30ll, 248
30,428
8,620
153, 1191
M.945
287, 64ti
28,403
19,625
135,939
66, 9211
246, 114
23, 177
II, 987
104,046
50,646
189,397
21,735
12,759
91,307
43,661
226,337
36,833
13,320
245, 775
6.\, 169
251,191
57,004
15,593
265, 7116
71, OOll
210,344
43,879
13,832
56,970
154,321
4~, 098
13,637
140,163
48,03(
Oregon
---Pennsylvania. --- - - - ..
Rhode Island
South C'arolina . -- -- -- South Dakota
- -- --- - -
18,814
218,146
16,212
31. 439
14, 500
14,8119
234. 014
II, 261!
24,987
V.565
14,001
229,875
10, 805
24,212
23,785
13, 376
183, 513
II , 550
20, 274
13,883
12,002
159, 107
II. 873
18,720
15,559
Iii, 282
252, 36..\
14,853
34, 755
15,739
19,672
268, 173
16, 899
46, 671
16, 767
17,100
189,728
15,108
43,581
15,428
15,176
147, 2'i0
12,252
39. 627
15. 159
12, 651<
158, 60.~
10, 952
28, 66!1
9. 41\.l
-- -. . --- - -- - Tex""
Utah .. ···· ·-·- - -·· ··
Vermont ... .. ·- -- ·-··
Virginia.
---------
45. 585
73. 752
1(635
4. 759
39, 672
36,306
80. 975
10, 368
4,517
26. 832
31,303
TT.269
8, 969
3, 4118
24,720
24, 143
71,559
7,463
3, 048
19,200
21 , 129
52. 8112
7,020
3, 071
17,904
34, 766
81.059
10,314
5,059
23,894
57,909
112,984
15, 028
8, 642
32,196
44,988
98, 8112
11. 98-4
5,289
28. 1123
as. 846
112, 80fi
II, 531
4,400
25. 434
33,600
..
W8"hlnr,ton
West V rglnla ___ . __ . . · Wlscon•ln . - -- - --- - Wyoming_
------- - --
30,379
50,689
tl0,0116
4,764
26,228
43,790
49,594
2. 765
27,048
42, 175
53,069
3,598
26,949
33,682
42,405
2,370
29,862
28,716
Ji. 408
2,364
44,865
46,411
72, 726
4,207
53,910
51,502
80,789
4,739
38,484
40, 961
63, 821
3,820
2'i, 801
32, 9211
51,847
3. 587
4,463
8
3,725
·--- --·
2,538
7:-.4
2, 33.l
4,018
1,361
120
1,755
11. Ol!8
I, 278
Connecticut _.
Delaware ...
--- - - -
um
bla .
District of Col
Florida
..
OeorRla .. .. .
Idaho ... --- ----- ----··
Illinois . __ . . . . . . __ __._ . . .
Indiana .. ___ .·---·---· ..
Iowa .... ... ·-··---·--·• Kansas . .. •-···- · ··-·· •·
Kentucky ... -···---·- -· ·
Louisiana . . ----------- -
Maine .... ··· ------ -- -- Maryland
- ------- - M81!88Chu....,tts_ . -- - ----MlchlRBD . ...
Minnesota
--------- ---- --- -- -
tf.:ls!!'fpl --· - ---- ---- S...Our . . ·-- - - ----- --Montana .. - --- - ----- -
Nebr1111ka
Nevada . .
..
New Ilampshlre _...
New Jer.,ey. _.. ---New Mexico ... -- - -
Tenn _ _
Aluka ..
Hawaii .. . .
---·
-----Puerto Rico --•---•·-- ---- ···- - - ·
Vlll!ln Island• --· · --- · ·--.
-- --------------------------.
l ' ndlstrlbuted by state._ .
~n:,
--- - ---- .. . -- - - --- ·· - - · ·· ..
...
- ...
.... .
.. .
-----
..
-·
..
..
-· ..
· · -· ·· · ·
--- -·-
··-
--·
3,170
46
1,345 ,
- --- -
I
139
I
A Data repr....-nt aveni,,,. or weekl y rmployment rounts made durinit tbr months.
a loeludrs per,ons rmployrtl on WP A proj('('LS operated by other Federal agcnclee.
Digitized by
i
88, 0ll.'i
204. 508
80 I
- -- -
--- -- ----.
8,264
67. 637
-· 1,601
-· -
· ---
57,913
43,343
Google
I
I
I
20,374
145,l~
37,466
9.~
118. 11\M
37, 84.'3
73. 24f,
8. 71ri
3. t;3.l
26. isg
I
23. 557
30,0ll
38. 713
2. sr:
241
1,1172
17,356
I, 760
.. .
I
---- --
103
APPENDIX
TABLE 111.--AVERAOE NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON WPA PROJECTS, IIY STATE A
QUARTERLY, SEPT&MBIER 1940-JUNB 1941
Septt>mber 1940
December 1940
I Projects
Projects op('rated
o))(>ralt•d I h) other
by WP A I F,•dt·ral
State
Total
Total
aiz;enf'iPs e
,---- _ _ _ I_ _ _ - - -
March 1941
Projects
Projects 01)(>rated
OPNBI('(}
byWl'A hted!.~~I
agencil.•! 8
I
Alahama --- - - ---- Arizona
---- · ----Arkansas --- ·------·
California
---Colorado
·-·---
1 - --
55,817 I, 859,594 ), 808,595
i--298
78, 73.1
16,001
33,004
s. 181
Ti, lfi6 I
74,625
15,824
16,445
2,728
10,717
26, 750
35, 758
336
213
4, 108
I, 137
39,001
5,971
34,952
78,418
18, 770
402
346
417
3,290
968
15,404
2. i26
9,183
25,417
33,806
1,041
2
I, 5.14
1,333
1,952
14,648
2,698
IO,fi67
34,636
41,995
14,011
2,600
9,204
33,349
40,178
7,058
113, /\30
43. 840
19,154
20,170
6,0.13
112, :l76
43,057
18,841
18,981
1,025
1,154
783
313
I, 189
8, 1\32
124,886
46,323
24,543
26,318
3.\ 035
26,111
5,707
14,070
65,518
33,549
25, (\34
.5, 291\
12, 21\9
63,597
1,486
477
411
1,801
1,ll'll
..
66,201
35,466
2..~. 0.16
00, 8.12
8, 2'.15
65,610
34,ll!l7
25, om
56,064
7,002
Nebraska ..
... -·
Nevada.
New Hampshire .. : ..
New JerS<•y. . ... . .
New Mcxiro
----
20,416
I, 400
6,093
58, 6l\6
9,121
New York
...
North Carolina. _
North Dakota ---Ohio
-·
Oklahoma .. ... ·•
Connecticut
I
DdmrnrP.
District or Columbia· I
Florida .. -..
Georgia.
·--IdRho
lllinois :::::.:::::::
Indiana_ ------- - ---Iowa
----- - -------Kansas. ------------Kentucky __ ....... .
Louisiana.
Maine ..
··.. ...
...
Maryland·_·_
Massachusetts .
Mlchi!!an ..
l-1innPSOl8 .. : : :
~i!_~~~~f_Pl~ ~: ~ ~ :::~~
Montana .... ----
Or~gon
Pt•nnsylvnnia
H hod" !~laud
Routh Carolina
South llakota
I
Tl, :l79
1~
I
J:m
I
75, 109
36. :lf,(J
432
32,037
~~j
.s.~~
5,517
335
91
), 572
869
30, (161
6,5.'>6
1,958
6,561
24,316
28,913
36.5
I
1,348
1,056
1,148
645
735
724
'l:i8
1,263
6. 444
95. 519
34,067
18,KJO
20. 280
5,992
452
94,985
33, (,98
18, f\43
19,486
469
187
794
1,321
29,148
28, 736
4,602
8,172
5i, 142
28. ,554
28,329
4,402
7, 2..57
5.',,441
48, 8.18
36,941
28,483
51,871
8,415
48,310
36,428
28,433
528
513
50,588
1,283
8,389
26
20,176
I. 231
4,820
42,471
10. 066
19,393
1,210
4,664
41,809
9,658
783
), 720
), 114
304
729
1,971
101,919
30. 3112
9,918
80,670
32,109
100,315
29.2'~
9,125
79,864
30. 870
1,604
1,079
793
806
I, 239
300
2,174
'Iii
1, 132
426
9,091.\
9'J, 018
6. 038
25,801
9,764
8,788
90,301
5,860
24,682
9,071
308
2,717
169
1,119
693
32,179
90,801
10, 71\5
3,\IOfi
18,969
663
2,554
212
1,996
29,449
73,850
8, 42..~
2,f,62
17,378
28, 719
71,467
8, 08.~
2, 49:J
15,725
2,383
340
169
1,653
20,441
31, 9ifi
41. 082
2. 763
I, 6.56
236
215
119
16. :lf,6
1.5,:!48
1,018
2t\, 850
30. 297
2,242
21i. 500
290
29, 750
2,093
547
637
2
1,463
1,287
1,817
11, 170
2,5.',4
9,790
31,048
37,547
10, f>42
2, 5.',2
8,523
29, 11'.17
36,134
528
2
1,267
I, 121
I, 413
8,025
123,630
45,488
24,231
2,\ 2f,8
507
1,2.'>li
835
312
1,050
9, 86()
120, 95i
42, 1167
23,f,63
25,800
9,215
120,222
42,243
23. 385
24,537
40,189
28, 103
7,(148
12, 8..',6
80,445
38. f,59
Ti, (i65
6, 7f,0
11, 206
78,791
1,5.10
438
36,207
30, 1168
8,139
10,873
70,695
34. 886
30,408
7,813
9,801
69,277
501
469
20
768
323
67,118
43, .588
33. 800
62, /\30
JO, 111
66,635
43,273
33, 716
61,730
10,095
48.1
315
63,836
4.5, 383
35, 'l:i9
57,097
10,831
63,411
45, l'l:i
35,228
56,341
10,8'1:i
425
19,825
I, 421
5,571
57, 4.51
8,850
591
75
522
), 21.~
'Iii
23. 610
I, 728
6,912
62, 765
10,829
23,092
1,673
6,48.1
61,773
10,442
518
23,281
1,6.'>3
5,546
53. 344
JO, 676
525
387
23,806
1.680
5,884
54. 216
II, OO'l
872
326
142. 471
37,985 I
9. 516
Hl4. 931 I
35, 746 I
139,899
36,389
8. !lO\I
103, 763
34,558
2,572
1,596
607
I, 168
I, 188
138, liOO
43. 887
11,f,94
10.~. 715
40. 381
136. 701
42, :182
11,295
104. 728
38, 735
2,289
1,505
399
98i
1,646
126,319
41,788
12, 794
116, 113
41.018
124,599
40,674
12,400
9.\ 384
39,047
11, .5491
11.050
150,223
499
3,972
:112
821
766
12,299
141,957
11,477
32,156
12. 241
11,872
139. 114
11, 197
31.446
11,661
427
2,843
280
710
11,998
11,692
121,740 I 119, ,'\66
8,938
9,215 I
30, M~2 , 211. 4,;o
12,699 I
12, 'l:i3
667
3,187
71
146
2,929
36, 51)8
89. 383
JO, 1112
35,880
87,070
9,787
3,920
21.856
709
2,313
I
I0,6[1,5
27, 2041
9,491
21\, :183
8. 125
32,171 :
73,8:16
31,504
i0,f\4Y
7,766
I
25. 046
I
a. sw1 I
22. 287
29,687
38,898
2,492
Ala.ska.
-· -------Hawaii __ :
--------Pu,•rto Rico_ ... ---Virgin Islands
35
1,498
17,608
726
7,fi\}{1
3,449
22, 117
20,466
29,460
38,420
2,282
...
---1,498
13,148
-- -·-
I
I
4,090
24. 42,.;
1,821
'227
478
210
23,877
30,421
44, 118
2,806
35
93
1,358
30,316
1. 701
4,460
726
288
1,650
1,654
90
800
16
5.',
429
992
580
40,;
170
2,569
I
32,842
93,355
10,977
3,929
20, 91\5
41,203
31,702
29,373
M,295
16,070
2,397
656
Washinjl'ton.
West Virginia.
Wisronsin ..
Wyoming ... ---- -- -...
36, ,92
20, 489
fci: ~~
Tennessee ...... · · •
Texas.
--·- --- · --·
Utah
-- - -VNmont __ :·· - ---Virginia.
laJ!:PDCiPs e
3t~~
72, 712
19, 833
1
Projects
Projects o()<'rated
operalt•d h) othi•r
byWPA Federal
Bg(•ncies B
Total
50,900 I, 75.1, 244
708, 67~
44,569 I, 410, !l30 I, 369, 7'1:i
- - - - ---- - - - - -
39,403
6,31i
35,369
81, 708
19, 7:18
I 't~
Projects
Projects operatPd
orwrnted I hy othn
by WP A Ft•dPrnl
Total
1
Total ____ . ____ . 11,692,641 I, 636,824 I
June 1941
29, 867
''"
St;,
lfi, 1139
6,921
I, 9,59
7. ll09
2.~.:!72
560
326
1,072
1,418
256
51
756
4
Ti
338
I
23
384
534
694
407
200
91.5
1,701
50
21
156
662
408
730
I
21. 99,5
30, IOI
43,865
2,603
.
..
1,358
25,835
253
~:rf~
I
41,291 I
203
2,882
93
170
1,243
32,478
I. 728
1,882
320
.;48i
I, 701
170
I. 243
28,016
26
15
1,031
32, 58.5
1. 463 I
4,462
I, 702
I
15
1.031
28.491
Ti
I
A Data reprt•sent averR1tcs of weekly employment counts made during the months.
a Financed by allocation of WPA funds.
Digitized by
149
Google
--
4,094
1,436
104
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE IV.-NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY STATE AND BY MAJOR TYPE OF
PROJECT
JUNK 25, 1941
Division ol OJ)t'ratlons
Urand
total
State
I
!!~~:
~~;mr.~· :.::~~
Public
ad
d h lid"
( I d"
ro tr"'~
U
IDgS b'::'ii.fin:~
Total
II
ted
':ft'lm1es
Airports
a nd
airways
I'
Comer• I Sanlta•
t·
t"
va 10n '
10n
E;ng.In-•
tng Sllr·
voys
----------1-·---1•---~--•-ee---l-----t·----1----·1---- ----i--Total _...•.••....•... I, 327, 762
003, 240
470. 945
128, 686
61, 414
119, 970
23,234
4,186
21,749
28, 171
10, 769
14,371
1,800
17,801
9,867
5,391
3,434
389
I, 812
6,549
1,828
257
1,448
140
286
5,598
6,255
1.862
6,:163
24,252
26,978
3,659
I, Hi(
3,518
17,603
17,149
I, 162
275
366
5,330
10,727
440
6,741
91,800
31. 899
17,916
17,612
4,483
57, 4(J.'I
23,045
12, 1128
11,809
28,404
4:211
6,955
51,003
31, -141
,1, 488
Alabama.
-···-········-··
Arizona __ ·-················
Arkansas ·---··············
California ___ ··--··········
Colorado.
- - - ----
29, 107
51, oc,o
16,537
·--·····--·-····I
I
i
147
818
551
3,941
I, 744
216
52
116
79
317
I, 777 I
26,750
15,384
8,059
6,083
492
5,515
2,907
1,810
2,032
22,318
20,894
3,193
5,262
28,895
16, 1111
1,277
10,213
2,114
2,956
211 _.
570
4,910
87
2,105
46,640
35, 2Jg
28,075
49,911
8,154
29.927
24,346
18, 66.1
35,3M
5,392
18,307
II, 443
10,737
19,773
2,110
2,248
3,768
2,070
6,967
794
Nebraska_ ----------··-··-··
NPvadn
New llnmpshire ----·--- __
New JerSt•y _______________ _
New Mexico
18,413
I, 165
4,522
'{9, •03
9.331
13,163
636
3,022
26,141
7,866
7,945
233
11,510
2,032
1,758
107
375
4,440
Nl•w York ______________ .
North Carolina ________ _
North Dakotn ___________ _
Ohio ...
Oklahoma. ___________ -·-·-··
IHi. 164
2\l,!i51
Y. 181
il\,605
:11, 232
61,501
20,919
7,093
49,606
21,793
Oregon.-··-···-·---·--- - ___ _
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island .. -------------•
South Carolina-•··-·------South Dakota. ____________ _
M•.178
87. 5SO
5,649
21. 243
8,~12
Tennessee
__ ------·----·----_
Texas
______________________
Utah _____________________ _
Vermont. ____________ _
Virginia --------·-·------\".a.shln~lon. ___________ _
2H, 247
Connecticut
Drlawarti __________________
District ol C'olumbln ___ ·-··
Florida ___________ ---····--··
Georgia ___ --··----·-······-·
1
Idaho_ --····-·--·-········
Illinois _---•--····-·····--··
Indiana
····----·····-··-·
Iowa
_·········--··--···-··
Kansas_ -·····-·-···-·······
Kentucky __
--··············_
Louisiana
_________________
Maine ----------···----·-Marylan<I
_____________ _
Massachus,,tts -••··--··--·-
~~-i~o~!ftni_~-- _: :::::::::::'
Wyoming_ _______________ _
Hawaii
_
_____________ _
Pm•rt-0 Rico
Virgin Islands _____________ _
28 188
!
28, 1138
14, 969
221
457
146
---6, 397
2,892
I, 711
1.071
2,740
998
1,622
539
135
841
1,041
6()
421
1,559 ---·-·-·-108
137
76
30
IM ----·--···
--·······66
85
492
548
47
87
ii 1::::::117:
1,560
15
146
532
1,034
46
163
8,411
,155
421
1,330
270
10,090
2,611
1,690
1,035
333
2,952
1,096
293
40ll
1,332
1.965
426
181
351
61
1,001
37
19
331
6
87
7
408
51
128
I, 166
1,345
1,484
76
576
5,873
315
I, 726
2,148
1,406
3. 000
1,239
1,929
171
1,008
403
5,636
3,620
4,839
172
1,375
1,540
2, 15..1
571
875
420
1,596
1,026
788
1,829
217
826
62
1,399
45
1,007
5,413
655
712
49
379
297
370
339
17
12
1,046
266
16
2,930
619
164
233
2,196
131
631
1,332
136
18,133
12,596
4,218
32,333
13,100
14,176
11,050
13,504
2,057
430
8,719
1,094
I, 362
I, 456
357
2,235
986
196
378
393
55
2,175
6,028
62,310
3,308
17,
6.333
784
:J85
55
673
241
~:~~
12. 372
f,86
876
9,41
622
722
1,308
1.338
3,629
287
4,o«
513
2,558
41,248
I, 423
4,576
3,266
672
7.7M
142
2,575
1.042
233
2,996
262
200
273
I, 412
6,377
I. 274
8,861
I, 468
8,000
I, 152
72
837
313
1,312
120
27
100
987
3,893
1,603
186
I, 135
497
3,686
305
I, 556
977
2, 755
300
554
I, 996
2, 135
6,'19
3,398
I, 406
9,583
14, 770
2ti, 135
28. 589
10, 251
20.074
18,513
2,386
15,f,59
7, 773
I
968
2,522
15,.>!17
5,8,"lS
822
502
13,DU
- - - - - - - - - - - -·---1·----
I, 109
6,341
I, 164
14,318
28,314
1,894
602
5,946
ii. 417
8.016
2. 392
583
67, 987
Other
22
210 ---------269
272
216
32 ---------40
41
939
472 -----·-··860
41
142
5
20
9
I
6
t~:
I, 566
67
1,162
26
41 ---·-·-··146
55
624
17
648
I, 524
497
28
1,936
457
74
140
69
50
939
221
219
2
2,082
792
I, 402
333
I, 652
288
2.',6
52
682
397
411
49
632
22
47
187
2,065
433
366
1,462
661
308
5S
286
131
116
5
134
193
174
I, 458
SU
736
296
22
317
79
613
258
206
2,454
33
Ji
39
83
187
1,070 ------·-·00
134
88
156
23
414
30
33
505
143
203
ISi
30
30
4.511
li1~;1,;_j ~;- : : : ;:_ _) .;_I: ~ -=~;;;:;; ___ ,.;
(Concluded on next page)
Digitized by
Google
105
APPENDIX
TABLE IV.-NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY STATE AND BY MAJOR TYPE OF
PROJECT- Concluded
Jt;NE
25, 1941
Division of Community Service Programs
State
Public
activities
Total
Total ....•••.••••••........
I
RIJS('arcb
and
recor~
National
defense
vocational
Other
Welfare
Other
training
373,485
97,776
57,229
211,291
7, 1811
36,910
14, 127
7,474
I, 094
7,007
18,621
4,183
I 830
'411
1,055
3,995
546
4,557
9,537
2,383
918
451
93
89
3,315
314
282
6,386
1,086
731
137
1,395
2,470
547
ON>r,,:is .. •••••............•......••.....•..••.......•......
2,377
645
2, 57~
5,908
8,567
575
156
455
1,558
2,176
319
57
827
614
1,275
1,357
406
I, 150
3,726
5,051
Idaho .......•...................................•..........
Illinois ......••..•.........................•.........•....
Indiana .....•.•••••..........•.........•.........•.......•..
lows . .................................................... . .
Kansas ....•••......... . ..................................
889
29,805
7,634
-l,622
5,368 ,
333
46
4,846
801
561
318
510
16,123
4,157
2,497
3,777
f::~t::;~::::
:::::::: :: ·:::::::::: :::::: ::: :: ::::: ::: ::::::
1\-laine .........•...•............................... •·· •··· · ·
Massachwietts .•••...••............•.......................
5,293
6,003
838
1,00
:1Jl,604
140
443
4,352
1,037
1 399
'154
317
3,954
3,119
3,066
527
642
11,826
J',,fichigan .......•...•....•.....•...........................
!\I innesota .•...............................................
1\-1 ississippl. ............................................... .
Missouri .................................................. .
J',,fontans .................................................. .
14,271
9,713
8,222
13,152
2,360
7,973
4,879
5,264
8,543
1,337
Nebraska: ............•................................ . ...
Nevada ................................................... .
New Hampshire ...•.......................................
New Jersey .....................•..........................
:Sew Mexico ...........................•.................
Alabama .................................................. .
:l.riL-ona _________________________ ---- _. _------ -- ------------
·'-rkan.."'88 ................•....................". ............ .
('ali(ornla ......................................... • •· • • •·· •
Colorado ............•.•.•........................•.........
Connecticut ....................•...••.......••........•....
D<.>laware . . ..................•....•.•......•.........•.
DL~trl<'t or Columbia ...............•.......................
Florida .......................•.........•........••.........
11,[ aryland ....••.•••..••..............•........•............
8,307
2,377
I, 452
1,273
1,122
1,598
4,079
2, 102
3, 114
1,581
1,944
2,898
490
875
1,410
533
4, 76.1
496
1,308
12,927
1,275
I, 440
154
l!l5
3,468
340
798
:S-ew York ........•.......................................
1'orth Carolina........................... . .............. . . .
North Dakota ............................................. .
Ohio ...................................................... .
Oklahoma ................................................. .
30,002
8,186
1, 97Y
24,272
8, 83-1
Oregon .................. . .................. . ............. .
Pennsylvania ..................... . ......... . ............. .
Rhode Island ...................•..........................
3outh Carolina ............................................ .
South Dakota .................•............................
Tpnnt';SSOO __ ____________________________________________ . __ _
1,891
21,671
2,020
5,867
2,376
Te;{a,s _____________ ____________________________________ ____ _
Ptah ................................................... .
Vermont. ............. . ............. ·-• .................. .
Virginia .................................................. .
5, 9\l4
21,741
1,sx.5
02·1
5,631
I
I
I
228
168
126
26
144
529
299
112
272
3,811
007
141
373
313
16
17
8
532
117
139
139
301
------------
2,874
109
9,607
2,273
725
6,284
1,780
7,700
693
288
3,629
739
12, R05
4,454
934
13,744
6, Of,3
766
32
615
703
4,310
490
1, 37~
676
270
3,072
2[)9
135
31
1
403
1118
14,258
I, 270
4,354
1,296
I, 132
5. 124
300
1,403
837
2,277
192
Zl-5
711
4,017
14,340
803
3H9
3,144
1,200
I, 648
2,445
216
431
377
2,392
76
2,250
2,867
2,501
II
2,843
3,897
4,980
8,066
726
Hawaii .. -•··························••··•···············
Puerto Rico ............................................... .
Virgin Islands ...................... . ............ . . . . .. . .
73
53
9
3,218
27
224
151
243
----------8
20
373
16
88
728
434 ------------
----------------------27
Digitized by
70
17
69
34
200
2911
496
------------
I
271
149
445
766
10
314
12
10
11
590
116
~
962
65
2,211
269
988
6,574
826
61
11.""1
Y.' a.shin,:too ...............•.....•.....................•....
\\' est Virginia ...•...............•..........................
\V iSL-onsln. . .........•.........••.••............••••••.••.•
\Vyoming ............•••......•...•............••..••.••..•
------------
97
787
226
62
235
603
558
728
162
119
1,324
18
164
l:1Jl
385
2,057
543
1,077
llli
87
1~
164
382
105
617
111
488
316
I
'}f,11
30
28
363
86
2,001
219
72
2,244
352
l,~
613
2,898
121
268
57
148
671
1,624
1, 59S
560
43
273
289
436
622
1,729
94
186
4611
281
10
2
15
317
~
37
643
263
200
144
48
318
33
19
100
·---------- ------------
Google
-
TABLE V.--AVERAGE .'.'Ju:11nER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON WPA PROJECTS OPERATED BY OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES, BY STATE AND BY AGENCY ...
JUNE
Department or Agriculture
Department or tho Interior
War Department
~:.~r,~; Depart- Veu,_r-,-----01
Other
' mcnt • the Navy: ment
ans_
I
I
011h0 I A:dmmLabor. I Yards
Quarter- I agcn01
Other
La~~
anrl
Treas- t<lraTotal Corps
master
Clt'S
StstIStics I Docks
ury
t,on
Engmeersl Corps
I DcJlflrt-
State
I
Grand
total I
'
Total
EntomolSoil
og) and
' ConPlant I Fo"'.st I serva- I Other
i Quaran- 1 Service
twn
I tine I
Service ,
.• - - - - - - - - - -
TotaL
I
I
Total
Fish and National
Park
Service I Service
I W1ldhle
i
I
Arizona __________________ _
Arkansas _________________ _
California ______________ .
Colorado
Connrcticut_ _
l)('lnwan• _
District of Columbia.
Florida _____ _
(h•orJ!ia ______ _
(riahn ____________ ______ _
Illinois _______________ __ . _
Indians _______________ ._.
41. 20:J , 15, 135
6,549
,
6,216
2. 128 I
242
5. 866
646 I
4, li33
676
------ ----i----i---- --------- ------ ---
IO\\'ll.
----------------Kansas ______________
. __ _.
K1•nt11cky ___ _. ________ . . .
Louisiana ___ __________ _
!\-!nine
Maryland
~las....aehusett.11.
0
co·
;:a.:
N.
CD
0..
cr
'<
0
0
-
~
('i)
1
3rii
3!H
3-18
1.-~i2
654
3,;.~
138
869
1.34!
187
794
.,94
-llli
200
915
I. 701
528
l\linnr-snta.
513
On·~on
1
( t•nnsylvanla
Hhodt• 1:-:land __________ _
South Carolina ____ _____
So111h Dakota ___________ _
TcinnC'-ssee_
Tl'xas __
Ctnh
Yt•rrnont.
50
1.283
2fi
iR3
21
1.~r,
fi(',2
408
I. •~)4
I. 0711
793
80fi
1,239
308
2,717
ifi9
I. 1111
693
730
2. 3.~3
····--·-·· · ·
VirJ.!inia __
\Va!-ihin~ton __________________ _
W,•st \"ir~inia ________________ _
I
1, 148 ,
452
534
.lfi\J
340
lfi9
1,i;.,3
1. 018
290
326
2181
255
3XO
130
i~
I
I
~ I
1
118
::
54~
-·---~ ' ) ~ ) : :.
1::
2 ----------
]
571
58
~:
fi31
142
243
:~
98
6
~I
39
17fi
88.1
115
196
s1~
49
358
338
:WO !
547
505
\\'yominf,t
149
54
23
20
112
17
97
148
406
15 --------•- -------4, 094
29
I, 436 ____ ... . _ .. _..
1
34
121
I
96
72
-------35 :::::::
J5
728
2
1
------
53 _______
351 --------
139
450
695
2
-------
13
~
I
. ____ ______ __
··--· ---- - --
391
52
438
------_______
--------
122 --------
70
so __
2~
1,109
391" --··· 68
521-------438 ,
6
0
--
10
J ;; :~:~~:: ------;; j:::::::;
H5
41;s
197
- - -------------- ---10
145
458
187
:~ ,________
.::::::
1~
,________
________
--------
1::::::::
~
1
78 1
154
465
68
1:
367
13
12
329
2
404
19
11
30
60
2
20
1--------1-----
311
,----- ..
628
~
0
~
0
.:::::~~:------~!I :~~~~~ -------~!-i:::::::::: :~~):~~~:~)::::::ii:~~~~~~~~~::::::::) ~
l'l
-------
9
75
j
146
.. --- ------. _. _ -- .. ------ -------- . --- . -- _ --- --- . _ ---------- ------- --- -----
11
6
24
78.5
39
13
24
65
144
441
33
140_ ·::::::: ________ 1
ii
I
-----
713 ·----------•-··· ________ ___
--------6 : ::::::: :::::::: ---
20
10
____
·------
3
112
___
--·---
621
80
-
------
126 ---------118 __________
107 •
4 I_________________
j
I
681. ----- ------
367
13
22
. _______________
94
-----
--
_______ ________
- • ··-- -------
126
118
317 :::::::::: ---432 ----------
-
---------
-
209 __________
7 ----------
·:n1r-·
432
------
209
7
1------8981:::::::: :::::::: :::::::: :::::::::: -------- ci ,:::::::::: :::::::: ____ 1~., i:◄«- :::::::::: ----i:◄44
1
108
4
i
9
12
31
---- -iff ;;;;;~; // : : ~: ~~J:: :'.~( /H !~i\/- ~ \L/ '.'.'.'.'.'.~ [~=:~~
t " ..: : •
1
" Data repr,,..,nt the avnRge or w,~,kly employment counts made during tho month on
z
gi
·Z+····~·············••;1<:i .:>>·•····~·+rn>~•·•·•·~
35
791
~
8
9
9
10
'1i
0
·11---114
---------
~
l'l
22
3
--------- -----···
114
68
~
415
: ____
::::::::
:::::: ..
.
______ ________ .
-------- -------. . ...
314,
69 ---I
2
:::::::
9,391
. .
314
69
_::::: 1:: -)~~~~ ::::::_~:: -::::::: ::))
81 -- --· .
----1---
779
. . - -------- ..
________
18 --------
1 ·------ -------- - -----····· -------- -----
----------
::
949 / 10. 170
98
.. :: --------\
:.:_ :. ... __ .----_: ______ ..
1
. . ________
···1 _____
75
8, Hill
_____
8
···------- _____
··------- -------·
33
-----,----i-------------------302 I
3
157
~i _________
15
28
·-·
36 _____ _
81
169
204
_ -----
------- ---
::::::
4.~9
172
31
02
19
1.316
14 ________
14 --------------
Ill~
142
22,, ,
:
17
~I ~
580
100
241
30
82
---···-·
111
- ----·-----i2· ·:::::::- : ::::::
:
~~
m
_____
32
----···
17
1"9
121
35
160
136
12
:~ I
14
.. _
35
86
447
72
75
164
I
: I
241 ,
82
2li
-----40
1
66
142
212
166
1.33(>
I~,
92
215
371
45
122
31
..
111
\\"isc-on~in_
Alaska ___ _
Puerto Rlro
Virgin l~lsrn<ts
~,
15
3571
.154
138 .
MiO
1.n.'\6
:Vlichi~fln_
M Ls., issippl.
l\li~<.;Ollri __ _
:\fontnna ______________ _
!'\ehraska_.
!'."l•vada
______ ___
:S:ew Hampshire ________ __ __
SewJf•rs.(_•v
New Mexico
New York.
!',;orth Carolina.
1'."nrth Dakota_
Ohio
Oklahoma.
_____ ___
2i:
I
I
1
Alahnma ___ . _____________ ..
I
I
I
- - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ - - - - ----- -, - - - - - - -
. -
0
O':i
1941
projects llnnnood by allocation of WPA funds,
1
••~,
"
'·(;
I
:
·~=' :
>zJ
~
$i:
~
~
0
0
~
a::
107
APPENDIX
TABLE Vl.-·HOURS ANI) EARNINOS OF PER!!ONS EMPLOYED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY STATE
SELECTED PERIODS
Cumulative through
Juoe 30, 1941
Year endinir June 30, 1939
State
H_o_u_"'_ _ ~11rnings
___________ ___
-
Houn<
1
Total .. _.
.\lal:>ama.. .. .. . ..... ....
Arizona
Arkansas ............. . _.
C'iJifornilL __ ____ ________
Colorado .............. _
-1
ss.
Year endin~ June 30, 1940
Ee.min~
Houn<
I
Earnings
87,671,427
9,326, .583
33,866,873
94, 631, .592
104,092,819
37, 8.53, R04
4, 7.58, 629
15, IOI, 744
69,848,396
84,493,250
21,755,407
2,095, 6:l9
8,224,419
23,957,637
25,145,077
26, 723, 159
3, 5.57,011
12,440, 738
52, 934, 314
62,223,937
13,911, 6311
I, 017, 008
6,505,304
20,197,488
21,885,947
63,747,547
1, 2'28, 757,301
504,354,484
IAA, 557,317
238, 457, 485
28,453,633
fl0,5, 794,813
241, (197,383
84, 733, 731
92,921,891
12, 2'25, 316
288, 733, 839
112,731,301
38,931,620
43,006, 775
6,819,477
153, 276, 128
58, 794, 166
18,726,478
18,202,673
13, 152, 723
231, 283, 621
5,800,646
l07, 105, 056
36,671,422
14, 6.14, 029
13,970,801
118,166,698
99, ,534, 675
24,380,976
44,945,827
402, 443, 336
90,441,040
64,883,069
13,529, 238
21,086,781
148,469, 2-12
31, 274, 1183
22,803, 139
5,380, 139
8,870,040
94,621,622
64,314,006
ll,ilne . -------------- ·
'.1-!aryland ............. .
'.1-f 8.'<SS('hu,...tts ......... .
:175, 898, 872
270, 78S,056
59, ~IO. 704
!OH, 7R4, :155
684,161, fl03
'.1-fh:-hll!SD..
.. ........ .
lfinnt.•sota __
\lississippL
_
-----------\lL,.,,ouri _____________ _
602,
372.
239,
581,
87.5, 365
173,834
910, 772
6al, 404
86, .511, 792
349, 867, 544
194,561,397
73,833,874
244,8.1.1,0IO
52,245, ,'i87
102,368,682
76, !164, 669
59, 728, 0\12
131,433,616
18, 28ll, 720
107, 418, 8.19
46,082, ;140
192,143,081
12,412,:l.58
59, :I0,5, ,'i84
5114, 40,5, 197
83, 212, 717
71l, 749,918
6,909,458
Georgi& .............. .
Maho_ ................. .
IHinois
Indiana ________________ _
fowa
Kansas ............... .,
Kt-.ntucky _____________ _
Louisiana. ____________ __
2ti,
:r;g, o«
3Z.l. &«I, 269
34,129,827
N'ew York _ .. .
Xorth Carolina __
:-.; orth Dakota .. .
Ohio
.......... .. ..
Oklahoma ... .
27.5, 837, ij~
l00, 77:J, 867
I, 170,722.422
378, .562, 321
Or<'!t'On.
Pennsylvania_
Rho(le falancl
South Carolina
South Dakota
10\I, 120, 1118
I, 4!18, 852. Wi
100, :21~1, :l2\I
2fl3, IJ.12. ·IOH
12'2, f\21, ,520
so!l, 734, :l\lo
50,492, %1
80, 7~2. fi08
48, 104, 252
Virginia ____ ----- · ·--·-
:lOII, 32'2, 928
,l!J\J,:HS,ti4:J
;:1, 20 I, S02
:1,,. flo:J, Hl.5
19,1, :~IS, 273
8.'\, 4fi4, IK/6
19fi, OtH, OiO
37. t1H7. ao2
14, f~l.1, IKJ\I
50, IOl,2fll
,,:sshi~~t~n; _. _______ _
2'2.'1, 437. 20M
~~~i~~---~~:::::::::_
268. 43:1, 4:IS
377. mt. 209
26, 43,5, 312
123, :tl4, 321
117,701.277
2Ill, 51:1, 7111
II, ll,52, 764
Tennessee. __ .
1~C'XI\S ---------- - - --- · -- ·
Utah
......... .. ... ..
Vf"rn10nt. __ •. ___ . ____ . _
W f"St \ lr}!"lllUL ________ . .
AIMkB, .. - ............. .
Hawaii. . . . .
Puerto Rico . . ...... _.. .
Vlr~ln Islands ......... .
E11rnings
s1,
155,566,224
21,164,288
67,449,517
2i0, 136, 710
325,579,818
:-.;rhrsska ...
~evada __________ _
:-./cw Hampshire ..
~ew JC'rsey ____ _
:-.lew Mexico ... .
Hours
I---------------
16,895, 171l, 744
034, 203,633 3,747,868,067
876, s10, 114 2. 912. 603,423 $1, 286,557, 3.'l6 2,476,654,470 $1, 119, 767, SUI
1------·1------,------1-------,------1·------1-----1-----100, 807, .',00
81,361,062
24,493,592
63,830,249
316,624,436
22, 374, 58.5
52,408,041
20,035,425
29, ,532, 197
11,420,f,()2
58,530,838
6,553, .521
9,227,911
4,405,585
8,832, 703
4,386,087
69, ,527, 404
281,200, f,f,6
84,150,002
19, 1135, 504
56, 228, fl&!
18, 1185, 340
16, 579, 2911
47, 176, 786
704,271,026
405, 9&5, 588
126,384,086
8.1, 07 5, 843
122, 950, 709
63,375, 729
58,674,235
109, 759, 062
88,0C,I\, 656
31, 673,8.53
18, 1.55, 509
179,727,109
30,508,393
26,447,456
12,565, 168
13, 8.'!4, 217
C'onn~ticut _____ _
Dt·laware_____
_______ _
District or Columbia . _
Florida______
_____ _
'.1-fontana .............. ..
Ye11r ending June 30, 11141
1, 6116, 073,
~
I, 079, ll07, 813
84, ~38. ,518
43, fiifi, fi92
61:l, lal, 180
12,5, 8.'l-1, 713
58, li8:l, 2f\l
18,686,253
3,802,966
13,021,951
44,832, 8.59
51,729,631
0, 942,944
· 1,797,952
7,016,075
18,491, 3.11
19,757,415
10,916,932
61,291,039
31, fi70, 706
32, 8911, 774
5,067,366
81,219,921
27,025, 756
13,950,652
13,919,039
22,192,816
17,732,492
4,388, 710
8,022,253
63,582,351
54,470,518
40,375, 138
9,659, 718
16, 111,649
l03, 395, 329
19, 571l, 094
16,407,270
4,185,521
7,499,660
52, 550, 608
60, :!63, 236
57,852,254
13, Hi3, (197
128,479, 495
64,482,325
51, :mi. 403
108, 862, 612
16,732,207
93,624,081
59,020,489
44,270,512
84,201,491
H,506,m
45,176,040
27,616,341
15,707, 6M
37, 738, i09
7,067,256
41,776,949
2, :ll7, 449
14, 06:1, 742
130,2'.l.1,998
17, 1,57, 498
17,570,317
I, 419,428
6,400, Oil
73, ,5fl0, 989
6,816, 13.5
35,723,361
2,358, 150
10, :l83, 676
99,908,215
16, 62.5, 239
16,238, 707
I, 058, 132
32,140,974
2,282,584
8,589, 109
83, 102, 788
15, (l(X), ,132
14,230, JOG
1,077,417
3,806,542
41,910, 198
6,876,814
300,712,973
64, IM, 272
16,684, f:>48
311. f>S/1, 7H6
84, 4116, 799
205, 267, 140
18, 1159, 618
7, 9(lll, .546
170, 4 75, 1198
30,317, ;147
226, 222, I 40
56, 01ri, 575
16, 3IO, f,22
1115, 1148, 1177
02, 782,001
123, 3f,5, ,'i81
10,549, 146
6,500, 170
106, 516, 191
19,746,959
6,463,493
68,149,481
21, f,67, 9117
106, 50.5, 237
54,205, 795
15, if~). 835
143, 210, 448
51,780,000
21. l!l7, 2-11
321,701,411
2-1, 049, fi79
67, 173.flf>I,
20, 2.lli, 258
12, 2%, 126
185, 116.5, 087
12, !Wi. ,58-t
18,li2'2,111J:I
8, ,na, 2;1
19,922,986
211, 404, 9,56
17, l·ll, 211,_5
52,751,704
18,259, 715
9,975,294
102,274,031
8, 367, .5.,,3
18,626, 767
7,116, :!57
17,328,882
193, O,'\.I, :l.58
13, 983, ,138
40, 500, 922
15,576,388
8,973,275
94,613,376
7,054,714
18, 788, 730
6,288, 731
72, IW12, ,544
128, 02:1, l:l.5
39, 972, ,1-11
18, 1~12, 186
41. 201, fil9
7, 9411, 738
4, o:ll, 8f,2
12,031, 7fl0
,'\:l, i!.'i9, :JUi
118, li03, 10\I
14,414,475
,5, 72.1, 4 72
30, 1194, 240
18,272, 00.5
41, 720. 2'27
0, 83.1, 082
2, :176, 088
10,847,508
48,362,479
112, HI, 200
13,851,084
5,245,828
29,221, OM
17,516,445
42,341, 730
6,789,996
2,284,043
IO, 7116, 912
5.1, 070,
S:l, f,&',,
8:l, ,11"1,
4, !l78,
/il,9
160
31, 881\, 789
2.'i, fiS2, 075
758
51, i4ti,[1ll
2,412, ,519
39, 3fill, 828
48, 2!H, 54:1
73,070, !lf>I
4, Ml, 73.~
19,271,172
,1111
3:J,fJX:l, 12:1
1, 1179, 064
31,789,313
44, "'1s, rnx1
-59, .5:211, :1:,~
3, fif,4, 749
16,012,645
18, 738. r,oo
28, 2;J,I, 033
1, fitl4, 4,53
5,033, 3,'i.l
I, 823, 53:l
2, 2:JO, ,589
9()6, 766
6.1118, 035
6,477
1a. 476. 7,'12
9. !"171, Ofil
84, 712, 175
34,009,443
34,327,220
47,098, 126
IO, ,561, 937
18,211,551
124,427,227
Ii. :~l9. 51Y
10, 977
13,587
20,072, f>.16
39, ,567, 4f,ll
58,509
7, fi3fi, l7fi
8,()62, 5811
21,&58
1
I
.
2, ,l/i4, WT
.1, s2:1, 1117
42. x3R I
169, 794, 4f,6
29,907,472
16,585,008
45, 704, 130
7,795,432
4, 47fi, 207
49, 1146, ,1;14
7, 212, ti62
D2. 071, 543
19,725,231
1. osi:
4zxl
I, 144, .5.11
1.1. oi.1
-----------~---------------
I
:t1, 74:l, .5W
I,'\, fi71
19, 103, 9211
1
Souroo: Work ProJerts Administration.
Digitized by
Google
108
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE VII.-AMOUNT OF V\'PA FUNDS ALLOCATED, OBLICTATED, AND EXPENDED, BY OPERATING AGENCY A
THROUGH JUNE
ao, 11141
i-· ______T_o_m_I, _a1_1_acts
___•__ - ·
_________E_R_A_A_ct_. ft seal year 1_1M_1_________
I
, Allocstions I Ohligations [ Expenditures
Allocations I Oblif,!ations
Expenditures
-- -- - - - - - - - ·--1------------- - - - - - - - - - , - - - - $9. 709, 3&1, 501
TotaL ________ ·-··--·-·-·-······•······--·
;::-
Work Projects Administration ..••••••••••••...
Other Federal agenciesc ••...••••••••••.••••.•..
Department of A~ricultnre _..•.. _.
A~ricnltnral Adjustment Administration
A~ricultural f'hC'mi~try and Engine<."ring
A~riC'ultural Economics
Agricultural Mark,•ting Service
Dairy Industry.
_
_
Entomology and Plant Quarantine_
Fore.-.t 8crvice _. _..
Hom~ Eronomic:-R
_
_
National Agrirultural Resrnrrh (\,nter
Rural Electrifleution Administration_
9, 521Vl61, 302
9, 5(),1, 62"1, 1188
I
=H<0.022.199_i-l7f,,246,S29
I
I
I
8oil ("on~ervntion Service
Undistrihuted
Department of Commerce ____ _
Const and Geodetic Sun·ey _
Wenthrr Bureau
Executive Office ol the President: National
Resources Plannin~ Board __
I $9. 680,869,517
I $9,580,601,661
_---:=-==- --·--,
~=- .==---==1=--::=--
.54. Hr., ~1
I
295: ~~
20X, 791
212, 780
36,034
Ii, 8,i8, 7fi9
17. r,1~. 1/10
894, 517
I, 202, 167
:1r.2,219
J,t, ,134. 211i
I. 604. 800
I
9,407,406,100
8
$1,372, 085, 710
I" -
I $1,347,770,820
173,J9S,465 _
------ - -
1
I, 300,972,071
I, 213, 1.54, 361
"42,126.420 !
37,798,749
35:!~;}~
11. 203,049
10, 3:,;, 154
70. !!50
91, 198
168,450
3f>, 034
4, 738, tl63
4. 3/i.1, M6
127, 2?.8
57,973
61!, 772
R7, .'\81
lfl7, 185
34,352
4. 408,995
3. 9.18, 865
126, 310
56,478
I, 111,083
448,014
J,O.'i4.- 157
414,459
648
53, 22.1, 711
~I::~
~: ~
202, f>JO
211,478
34, :l,i2
17. !iT.l, 452
17,207.871
89.1, .5119
I, 111,\ 6/i..1
362,219
14, Hll, 729
I. 5.19, 22"1
201. 21'2
210,642
32, 256
Ii, 2(17, 823
16,947,003
87S, f>!IS
I, 193,268
31\2,219
14,374,663
I, 525,296
1.18, 297
1.54, 876
151,245
80, 82f,
i7, 957
52, !ii0
JO,\ 727
49. '»'!i
105,591
48, 116
103. 129
29,917
50,909
27, 184
r.o. 773
.;:i. u.14,
$1,249,007.1171
-----.=--=- -
I, 329,959,290
9. 673.
zn
66. 273
86. .V.O
If,(,, 349
32,
4,095,
3, &44,
118.
2f>fi
i49
.590
,';:17
54,600
26.194
48. 311
13, 29.i
14,000
13. 149
_ - --- ---.. =I,==~= ~=l===-== 1====
23, 20~. 812
22, !!-18, 648
5,247, 157
24, CJ.17, 375
4,505, 724
-------1·--- --1--------1-------1----305,547
3, 3.15. I 21
3,314, IM
3,M,\484
514,378
91.9!i0
9],401
92, 748
43.&'iS
43,247
10!\, 9,17
lfl4. 510
llll.858
42•.127
37,983
3, f\.19, ()52
18,110,289
17, fir.Ii, /\.',9
17. 302, /i81
4,134,895
211. 23!i
2\1, T.l,1
34. 252
459,895
J,8m.498
I, 749,836
I, 676,068
511. 499
0
Department or the Interior
Fish and Wil<llile Ren·ice
Indian Affairs
Ot>n<•ral Land Office
N nt ional Park 8cn·ice
Reclamation
Territories and Island Pnsses~ions
Alaska Railron<I
Alaska Road Ct,mmission
A laska~misrf'llnnL>ous_ _ _______ _
Vlll!in lslands _________ ·--·······Undistributed
-··-·-·········--
232, 762
2,306
309, 1187
I. 2f>8. M3
330, 246
I-_-
Department ol Justice
Attorney General's Office
Bureau of Prisons
Department of Lahor: Lahor l'ilfltisties
Lihrnry of ronl!ress
D{'pnrtmC'nt of the Navy: Yords nnd Dorks
Federal Security Af,!ency
Olli('(' nl F.<lucation _
Puhlic llmlth i'cn·ice
Corps ol F.n~in('('fS
Qunrtenna."'tcr C'ort1s
Fedrml Works A~rncy:
Administration
f,0. ()0()
307, f1i3
59. 620
~.461
I, 133. 934
451,499
400. 275
3~.886
330,008
- - ·--.- - - - · - - =c=l=======l=======1=========
.i.1. 450
5S, 439
M.4:l9
3fi.12:l,302
==·~1,197,347
=
34,!<AA.~>8
34,278,f>f>I
11,:171,'.lf,.1
lll,149,975
---===========1=====
1,431,184
1,427,660
:lfi().416
209,f\.'181
=-
~-=1:: ~-~ ___'_·it;;~~ -~ f:: .l~
a, :iso, 638
3, :J.11;, 100
I
a. 325, 7.58
!=:':). ----~=-:·:1
416
490. 1;s;
2. 312, ;.;7
2. 188, 91.)91
2, 1.54. 738
799,474
I=~=
~===---====·~-=--- =•--·;~, ~91. 475 I
5.1. 2/i:l. 748 '
51,020, ~91 I
IO, 891,227 I
2..14-1. 499
2,
843 I
2, 232. 2'.!8 1 - - . -. .'~)..
4!1.014,!Ml,1
48.788,2f,3'
l0,891,227,
VeterRns' Administrntion
W nr I>e1iartment
388,347
232, 762
2. 2IKI
232. 762
2, 2\111
307, 11.54
I, 21w:. 821
33ll. I 24
MO, llf,6
4!lf., ~61
·187. 462 I
144, ll82
==-= 2.s:m,tii2 _ _ 2,i,:m,:J.15 . _ _ 2.8.'l!!,29111== 34.1.705
Con~t Ouard
Ollice ol the Se<>retary "
285. li.14
42.fi~
3/i. f,ti.J
3,411, !r.;16
I
3, 4115
a. 4115
3, 465
_
_____ __
I~~~= _:'.'·~'!=•11._~!___=_·1~97!___=- __ - - - = • = = = I = = = = = =
I, 611. 842
4.422,708
4,410,278
4,328,707
1,6fi2,421
1,6.51,/iSO
:17:1. 997
ar,2, 11w
357. 48.1
12(1, mo
Hll<, r,3s
103,718
=
Department of the Tren.sury.
4, 1".5. 2i0
446, :mo [
II, 543. 673
21l6,24~
~-
2~
43/i. 220
100,816
91. 418
340,5741----344.802
9. fl(~\ 001
6811, 692
115.1. 221
1==-=·=
9. H3, 382
9, r.0.1. 001
9,443,:l!l2
23/l.
•◄ fi,97fi
Puhlir nuildin5rs
7. 872
A Covers funds npproprintoo by the ERA Arts ol 193,1, 19.16. 1937. 1938, 19:19, and flscal y,•ar 11141, and by dcflclency approprfstions listed In footnou.
2, p. 9,
11 Totnl nllorstion, ,10 not lnrlude ~.~"1.M0 nl 11r.11, nml 19:m net lun,ts which rontlnur<I to he avnllnhlr for ohli~ntion on Federal ronstnirtion proiffts
throul,."h pro,·ision:-. or thf> flsrnl yt•nr UHi act; of this amount, $7.~.ss; wa.-; avnihthle for projret..., opt.•rutcd by \\'PA and $1.575,672 for \\rPA projects
F'Pdt•rnl aJ,!1•11t'it•~.
c A llomtions ol W l' A funds to thrst' other ~'r<leral Rf,!endes were made under the ERA Acts ol 11138, 19:19, an<! fiscal yoor 11141, and the last three ol
the dC'flc·iPnc-y n1111roprillticins n•ft'rr('(l to in f1>ofn11fp A.
lJ For the 11st• of the Bun-an of Jnterrrnl H.cn•nuP and t.he Division of Tax Research.
OJM.•nitt•d hy otl1er
Sounx,: B11sed on reports of the U. S. Treasury Department.
Digitized by
Google
109
APPENDIX
TABLE VIII.-AMOUNT OF WPA FUNDS EXPENDED FOR PROGRAMS OPERATED BY WPA AND BY OTHER
FEDERAL
AGENCIES, BY OPERATING AGENCY AND BY FISCAL YEAR
THROUGH JlTNE 30, 1941
Year ending June 30 >-Total. fiscal
years 1936-41
I
I
1039
1940
1941
---1
Total
----------------------------- ------------------- $1l,580,60l.661 1_ $2,230,749,993: $1,520,100,078
"" ork Projects Administration_
Other Federal B,Kenci,-s
8
9,407,406,196 i 2,157,-200,3fi2 I
-••-··-·-··-·----------·------ -----------------________________________ ·-- - . ___________________ -
Fon•~t SprviCt>
Homt•Economir~L----------. ___ _
National Agricultural Rt'St'arch Center ____________ . . ________ . _. ____ ..
Rural Elcctrifi<·ation Administration
Soil Cons,•rvation Service __ .
Undistributed __ _
Department or Commerce __ _
53, 22S, 711 I
Executive Office or the Pl't'siclent: :\'ational Rt•souret>s Planning Hoard
288, 063
:l, M98 1
201. 282
2W~i
17,207,823
16,947, 1,m
878. f1118
1, 19:l. 268
:162. 219
14,374,663
- ::::1
100,329
70,923
97,130
35,037
104,152
175, 60.,
32,256
4,413, 9R4
4,443, 187
147,383
175, 71\.1
7, .573
1, 280, ,'m.S
438,645
79,926
1-,--~~
I
22. 848, 648
19, 799
51,520
/=====
-- II
3,596
9, 5.'i.1=11,= = = =
= I -7,310,560
10, 514. 893
28,317
51,600
__ :::: __ ::
(--------
-----
3,314, 15.5
91. 401
!fl.I. f>IO
17, 302. 581
29,235
1, 676,668
__ ,_____
1,866,468
--- __ _
--- --7,674,885
---662,626
976,296
42,891
62,391
5,619, 787
JO. 960
579,051
5,023, 195
471,391
48,SIO
42, 119
4,007,909
18,275
434,991
192,959
232, 702
39,803 ------------2,299
1,136
1,163
108,250
133,597
30i. 6i3
65,826
' 404,515
361,417
I, 133. 934
368,002
3:l0,0118
310, 914
19,184
--- ---------------=====I=====
5,'i, 439
49,311
6,128
----------
,_____ _
Att.orney Oenrral's Office_. ________ . ____ . _______________________________ _
Tiun·au or Prisons. _____________________ · ---- - ---------_ . . ____________ _
51.974
3,465
45,846
-- --------6,128
4,328, 707
3S7, 48.1
34,278,564
755. 920
132, fi()fl
13,862.574
1,843, 104
115. 4(l2
JO, 155. 300
3,465
I====~=~====~~= ======cl
--------- -----
---
I, 729,683
109,421
10, 2f\O, f,00
I====~---=~:..======= = = · · - - =
I
Department of the TreB.'lury_. _---------- -- - · · ·--------------------------------
I, 427,660
728,f>.18
1, Z!9, I~
1~.5.56
540. 092
188,5.56 ,_
I
478,578
220,434
478,578
220,434
;:-325, '.'._~ _ _ _I_,77_8,_5_54--11 _ _ _1_,090
__• 2_1_9_
CoB.'lt Guard ________ ------------------· --------------------------------1.
Offiet• o(the Secretaryc ___ --------------------------····-------------Veterans' Administration __ . _____ ... ______ .. ---------------------··-________
--1
-=~=
11,200,026
7,098, 04.~
6, 18.'i..'i81
500, 446
445,891
1.'i8, 014
8,512, 298
1i~: :~
Department of Justice _______________________________________ . __________ .. ___ _
Office of EdueatlorL
_____ . __ . _____________ ___________ ______ _____ _____ __
Publlclleulth Serviet>___________________________________________________
110. s11 I
3, 8118 I
17,931,893
--------1-------i-----
.-\la.ska Railroacl
__________ .. ____________________ _
Alaska Road
Commission
- ---------------------------------Alu.ska-mh~N.•llancous
____ .- -_________________________________
._
Virj!in Islands. ___________________________ . ________ . ________________ . _
Undistributed _______________________ . ___________________________________ _
Federal Security Agency. __
j
5, 6115, 794
6,318,835
230,869
571. 624
196. 632
4,581,800
97,843
'-=-1=•=52'=,=•2!Jf,==t,===9=88=•=80=H=I=-= = = =
71,319
1s1, 245
--I
1-'ish and Wildlife Service ____ ________ . . .. ______________ . _____________ .
Indian Affairs _. _
----------------------------------·----------Ornnai Land Olllee
______ . _. ______ . _________________ _
__________________ . __ . __ _______ . _. .
:,/atiorrnl Park Service
Rrclrunation . . _ _ ___
__ · ------------------------------Territoric-s and Island Pos&'s..~ions
______________________________ _
J)ppartnwnt or Labor: Labor Statistics
Lihrary of Coni:n•ss. _ _ __
_ _ _
_ _
Department or the Navy: Yards and Docks
24,003. 792
1--------
Coa.st and Geodetic Survey_
'\\r rathtlr Bureau ____ . -
Department or the Interior
-~iio-:000
===:=·--~-=1======
Department or Agricultul't'
Airn<:ultural Adjustm,•nt Administration ____ . __________________________ _
Agricultural Clu,mistry and Engine.•ring
Agricultural Economics __ . ______ _
Agricultural Marketing Sllrvicc_ ______ ___________________________ _
Dairy Industry ______ . ___________ --------· ·· · · -· · _______ ________ . . .
Entomology and Plant Quarantine _______________ ______ ____ . _--------- • _
1,284,780,435
58,315,738
i-~ 1:i~i;411.ro1l~
113~ws."'.;13;-
$1,326,110,531
1,461,700,340
487.402
2,8.18,296
275.991
1,502,Sf,3
1~==
I
2, 154. 738 _ _ _ sos. 649
War Department_ _____________________________________________________________ ,
Corps or En~ineers_ ----------------------------------- ___________________
QuartermssterCorps_
__ ____ _ _______ _______________
I
I
--
_ _ _ _4_5_6_.985_
1
110. 7511
979,400
100, 712
3511. 273
005,~5_
740,234
I
\
!
21,197,353 I
18,403,546 ___1_1,419,592
2, Zl2. 228 ,
48,78/l,2f.:1_ '.
681. 299 1
20,5Ifi.054
1,086.156
17,317,:!90
51,020,491
464,773
10,954,819
1
Federal Works Agency: Public Buildings Administration-----------------
1
7,872 _
1
7,784
1
88
_________ _
• Exl)('ndltures during the llscai year include, In addition to amounts expended under the curl't'nt ERA set, the liquidation or ohligatlons incurl't'd
under previous ERA acts.
• Expenditures ol WP.-\ runds by these other Federal agencies began In the llseai y,•11r 1939.
c For tho use of the Bul't'au ol Internal Revenue and the Division of Tax Research.
Souroo: BBBed on reports ol the U. 8. TreB.'lury Department.
Digitized by
Google
TABLE IX.~AMOUNT OF WPA FUNDS EXPENDED FOR PROGRAMS OPERATED BY WPA AND BY OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES, BY STATE AND BY FISCAL YEAR
THROUGH JUNE 30, 19U
.....
.....
0
Year ending June
State
I
'l'otal .. ·······--·-·-···
Alabama ____________ .. ·-------·····
Arliona . _______ .. ----····· - ·--·--- ..
Arkansas.··-···----- ____ .. ________ ..
California_. __. ___. ___._ . __. ______ ._.
Colorado_. ___ . ___ __----_. __________ .
Connecticut. __ _. . ________ . _. __ _____ .
Delaware ____ _______ -- - -__. ___ ___ •. - District or Columbia __ ____ . ____ ___ __
Florida __ _____ _-- - · ·- -- · -··- ·· · -- -·· Georgia. ____ ___ _____ _______ ___ . _____
co·
;:a.:
N.
CD
Q_
cr
'<
0
0
-
~
('i)
I
1941
1936
I
1937
I
1038
I
1939 •
I
1940 B
I
Tota.I
ProrrsorerProJrnms _o~r•
ate by ot or
ate by W AB Federa.l
agencies R
$11.330, 0
$1, 326, 110,531
$1, 284, 780, 435
$1, 520, 106, 078
232, 725
23,308,094
23,540,819
26. 467,926
178,531
6,065,353
5,886, 822
5, 775, 738
19,482, 257
269,44 1
19,751, 698
22,594, ll40
3,317, 7Z7
70,100, 552
66,782,825
75,171,498
768, 523
15,044, 839
14, Z76, 316
17,807,916
44 1,329
II, 235,424
11 , 676, 753
15,655,202
1,985, 293
7, 115
1,992. 408
1,865,347
2,162, 565
10, 262, 073
8, 100,408
9,643, 374
23,786,906
22,800, 198
986,708
24,862, 318
1, 176,807
24,851,567
23, 674, 670
26,933, 303
538, 373
5,876,486
6, 414, 859
7,256,620
Idaho .. ------···___
-·-_________
··- -·- · ----Illinois.
____ -____
__ __
_____
90,450,801
879, 188
91, 338, 980
120, 868, 3Z7
30,956,468
54 1,8 10
31,498, Z78
42, 047,839
Indiana.- -· - · · ····- · ··---·--·--·---223, 789
15,943,321
16,167, 110
17,156,249
Iowa . --· --- -- ·-···---- --·--·- --- ·888, 424
16,492, 631
15, 604, 207
17,528,665
Kansas -------·-····· -·-·-·· ·- ----Kentucky
__ _________________________
1,306,687
22. 968. 461
24, Z75, 148
27, 847, 378
Loulsiana ____________ _______ ________
19, 005, 432
339,885
19,345,3 17
20,635, 356
407, 716
6,992,013
6,584.297
5, 532, 208
Maine _____ -·-····-· - ---· --····-- ··
1, 334.671
M aryland
10, 105, 759
8,771,088
10,725.496
M as.sachuselts .. ____ ... ___ ... _. _. _.
1,397,089
56, 352, 2115
57,749, 384
70,185,959
390, 653
67,969,058
50,483, 221
50, 083,568
Michigan
········
------ ---·
Minnesota.....
_________
_____--____
_______
329,830
31,466, 084
31. 795, 914
34,817,009
1
10,607,574
56, 026
19,663, 600
20,385, 764
42,590, 716
·::::::::: : : :: : : : : ::::::::
5'l0, 775
4.3, 160, 491
51,784, 359
M ontana __ __ ____ __ _______ ____ . ______
168,922
8,052,964
9,985,969
8,221,886
Ne braska .... _ ..... .... __ ..... _...
16,103,261
553,842
16, 657, 103
18, 249, 774
40, 447
1,419,724
I, 379, Z77
1,358, 171
Nevada ... -------····- -·--- --------Now
Hampshire
..
__
.··
·
----...
____
118,928
4, 720,821
4,601.893
4,944
,
239
New Jersey ___ _________ ____________
46,508, 410
1,046.008
47,644, 41 8
56, 608. 048
New M exico __ __ --- -- ------------8. 131 , 170
257,620
8,388, 700
8, 665, 689
New York _____
2,098,07 1
119,915,4 17
117, 817,346
140,341,848
---------------877,646
North Carolina
23,949, Z70
24, 223,362
24,826, 916
N orth_____
Dakota.
_.... _________
_. ___ ..........
7,577, R79
482, 109
8, 059,988
8, 170, 254
Ohio
___ ____ _____
______
764, 712
79, IZ7, 502
78, 362, 790
103, 409, 490
Oklahoma ___ __ __ _
22,664,400
I, 009, 644
23, 674,044
25,965,484
0rogoo ____ __ ____ _ --- ... ···---. --- .
353,951
10, IOI, 852
II, 375, 719
10,545,803
2,621,242
Pennsylvania..
. .... ..........
104, 630, 552
116,387,217
107, 251, 794
Rhode Island .
7, 728, 721
263, 083
9,374, 695
7,901,804
·- --- ---------- -South Carolina
21,370,926
856,558
22, m , 484
23, 230, 382
---------South Dakota
552, 431
7, 185, 389
9,013, 74 1
7,737,820
-----------T ennessee .. .
20,284, 385
426, 350
20, ilO, i35
22, 4Z7, 804
- --- ---------T exas __
48, 651, 747
I, 798, 746
53, 172, 459
50,450, 493
------- --- -----Utah ____
204,
205
7,
683.
819
9,
984,
806
8,
195,
7Z7
7,
888,
024
·--------- -------------·Vermont
98, Ill
2, 714,867
2,610, 756
4,926, 452
3, 108,625
Virginia ___ .
__ ... --·· · ·-· .......
13, 246,083
I, 987, 732
15,233, 815
16, 80i, 194
15, 186, 008
I, 724, 746
Washlogtoo __ . __ ___ - --- --- ----·· . . _
20, 915,672
19, 100, 926
39, 803,523
22, 930,938
West Virginia __ .. ______________ ....
21 , 241,493
163,967
28,913, Z76
22, Z75, 860
21,405,460
W lsconsln .... . .. __ . _... _______ . _....
282,824
31,
843,
560
59,674,
143
38,
381,
308
32.
126,
384
Wyoming _____________ ____ __________
148, 222
1, 944, 80t
3,315, 678
2,638,907
2,093,026
Alaska _______________ _______________
76,870
341,922
201 , 043
76, 870 --- ---- ---·-··----- -- ------ ------ -Hawaii ___________________ __________
I, 216,3 15 -------- -------- 2, 192,592
I, 277, 144
1, 21 6,315
---- ---- -- -- ----· Puorto Rico . ... . . . _... _. _. __ . _. __
I, 500, 495
9, 120,880
10,7 17, 375
870, 367
3,658.662
---- ------ ------ -- ----- --- ---····
-·
·---------847,221
3,903
372,447
854, 187
6,966
22
468,202
--- --- --------- -&~11:ir~~~~!f-tiy"si-li ie - ---- -- : :-:: · 7, 032, 888
8, 739, 412
6, 154,967
7,575, 496
1. 163,910
22,971.077
13, 350.594
9, 120, 300
A Includes programs or other Federal agencies lloaoccd by allocation or WPA funds under the ERA Acts ol 1938, 1039, and fiscal year 1941.
E xpenditures on these programs began In Jul y 1938. Ineludes N Y A admlnt~tratlvo expenses lncorred prior to July 1939 when the W PA and NYA programs wcro administered jointly.
8 Separate data on WI' A and other Fcderol agency ex:pendlturos aro given by state !or the fiscal ye8J'8 1939 aud 1940 on p. 123 or the Report on PrO(Jru, of the WPA Pr09ram, J uno 30, 1940.
~1t:i~1_P
0
Tota.I
$9. 580, 601. 661
123, 885, 837
36, 985, 519
105,444,005
485, 613, 452
108,314, 687
JOO, 758,313
10, 888, 001
45,703, 839
I 19, 781, bS I
131, 712, 236
36, 349, 784
707,015,189
Z77, 785, 216
90,810, 110
11 5, 438,980
149, 547, 409
120, 490, 597
33,005,506
61,157, 93 1
446,223, 013
401 , 244, 123
226, 498, 217
95,928,457
287, 120, 152
63,902, OZ7
05, 796, 318
8,759,3 18
30, 495, 128
367, 652, 448
43, 420, 836
I, Z77, 269, 751
107, 369, 187
54,516,542
696, 001 , 346
161 , 4Z7, 007
08, 892, Z73
92 1, 9Z7, 802
54,971 , 187
90, 770, 712
60, 269, 414
108, 07!>. 056
252, ,553, 661
45, 822, Ii i
17, 416, 413
78, 928,337
148, 5Z7, 037
138, 292, 215
242, 024, 379
16, 576, 456
641, 596
9,225, 489
15, 246, 404
1,698, 851
68,269, 304
$1,258,130,249
13,643,510
4,812,888
10,924, 407
70, 803, 941
16, 505, 905
13,545,002
1,3 11. 868
4, 015, 917
II , 404, 337
14, 486, 291
4,432,0 15
81, 651, 766
40, 322, 363
II , 366, 600
15, 005, 150
13, 394, 225
15,937, 716
3,986,076
8,571 , 859
53,925,003
43,633, 076
30, 040,015
9, 002, 125
30,652, 292
6, 730, 540
8,688, 746
I, 112,870
3,188, 419
45,354, 739
4,970, 656
253, 9Z7, 069
10, 164, 282
4,569, 073
87,571 , 816
21, 488, 219
8,556, 038
126, 825, 387
6, 307,858
7, 633,473
5, 114, 42 1
12, 588,079
28, 114, 195
6, 173, 405
I, 034, 320
9,694, 190
16, 501 , 804
18,400, 335
30,501,877
2,388,486
Source: Blll!ed on n-port8 or the U. 8, Treasury Department.
$1,818,130,501
17, 529, 282
6,515, 009
14, 726, 096
100, 570,770
20,295, 120
18, 730,517
1,6 17,706
5,503, 830
15,721.399
18,494,971
5, Z75, 395
126, 562, 973
51,848,600
17,671, 795
26, 021, 690
23, 929,4 19
21, 011, 002
5,000, 647
11, 954, 008
91,365, 070
57,249,028
41 ,534, 755
14,402, 902
52, 340, 893
11 ,580, 244
15,682, 574
1,508, 374
5, 948, 188
74,032, 323
7,098, 142
313, 719, 647
13, 091, 023
15,033,231
116, 949, 136
31, 648, 407
12, 951, 136
207,832, 412
8,303,2 10
12, 138, 468
17,58 1, 006
16, 675, 779
36,866,467
7,297, 181
2,463,860
12, 104, 7i8
24, 156,684
27, 335, 179
44,588, 854
2, 069, 489
2,392
2, 523, 002
$1, 4Z7, 374, 309
13,874, 017
5,544, 932
12,248, 023
71, 180,906
15, 100, 717
16,102,842
I, 500. 628
4, 904 , 026
15,242. 704
14,956, 532
5,123, 830
107,039,0 12
44, 623,142
15,454,634
17,903, 452
21, 202, 740
16,435, 938
3,831,634
7, 190, 098
68,765, 43 1
59, ll8, 520
35, 144, 147
10,977, 009
41, 134, 600
10, 813,255
15,405, 637
1,443, 885
4, 442, 942
60,464.376
5,557, 180
209, 965, 930
II, 253, 453
8, 354, 161
106, 85 1, 773
21, 003,922
II, 007, 484
154,449, 788
8,718, 379
10, 798, 137
9,877, 852
II, 473, 769
28,687.030
6, 282, 974
2, 268, 289
9,001 , 452
24,209, 41 6
19, 872, 105
36, 751,813
2,170, 1170
18,469
2,015,536
$2, 230, 749, 903
28, 829, 353
8, Z71 , 599
25, 198, 835
97, 785, 785
23,470, 100
25, 047,097
2,510,944
II, 313, 719
28, 763,9 17
31, 989, 572
7, 847,065
179,554, 122
67,#1, 004
21,903, 713
22, 487,389
38, 898, 490
Z7, 133, 368
6,822, 928
12,010, 711
103, 232, 166
122, 791, 220
53,166, 377
21 ,496, 967
68, 047, 4Z7
16,652, 033
21 , 112,484
1, 826, 28,5
7, 250, 519
83,548,544
8, 740,379
239, 390, 240
23, 8IO, 151
10,329, 835
202,091,629
37,046,841
14, 456, 093
209, 181, 294
14, Z75, 24 1
23, 742, 708
10,944, 574
24, 198,830
55, 262, 108
:::ti
.,,
t:rJ
0
~
0
z
.,,
:::ti
0
0
:::ti
t:rJ
"(JJ
"(JJ
0
l2j
"'3
=
t:rJ
.,,~
>
.,,
:::ti
0
0
~
I(
TABLE
x.-A11ouNT oF WPA AND SPoNsoas' FuNDs ExPENDED FOR NoNLAB0R PURPOSES ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY
RENTAi, AND BY SOURCE OF FUNDS
WPA,
BY TYPE or PuncnAsm 011
CUMULATIVE TIIROl"GII AND YEAR ENDING JUNII 30, )94)
Year ending June 30, 1!141
Cumulative through June 30, 1941
Sponsors' funds
Total funds
Type
WPAfunds
Amount
TotaL.
Purchase of materials, supplies, and equipment.
Stone, clay, end glass products.
Cement................................
Clay products............................
Concrete products........................
Crushed stone............................
SandandgraveL........................
Other...................................
CD
Q.
cr
'<
0
0
-
~
I
s1. 945,675, 1u
tlO0. !151. 193
I
I. 052, 158. 778
19. 4
221. 282, 724
5.1
2. 4
2. 9
3. 4
3.8
1.8
85,362,707
24, -~25. 896
32,692.939
36,257,455
30,081,726
12,362,001
569, 904, 938
-------·
151.0II0.197
70. 240, 32f>
85. 221, 0i3
99. Kl8, 407
111.759,31\l
51, 75S.5,>6
I
I
100. 0
I
$ll8, 712,530
320, 704, 457
M. 8
I
81,213,962
348,622,214
61. 2
lOti, 170,
31. 472, 9981
74,697,571
70. 4
f>5,727.490
45,714,430
52,528.134
63,581,012
81,fl77.593
39,393.555
43.5
65. I
61. 6
63. 7
73.1
76.1
28.tHS.129
11,241.581
18, 2fi0, 086
20,313, 745
20,0'ltl.540
6,810,488
5. o
2. o
3.
3. 5
3. 6
I. 2
I
I
13,775.058
2. 400,310
4,998, 243
5, 127,878
•• 448,401
723. 048
14, 8-13, 011
8,841. 211
13, 2fil, 843
15, 185,867
16,478. 139
6,087,440
s1. 9
78. 6
72. 6
74. 8
78. 7
89. 4
11. 0
I
II, 542, 740
51,951,094
81. 8
2. 41
I. 9
3. 2 I
3. 5
I, 851,941
2,838,435
3. 801. 537
2. 954,827
12,066, 5.'i6
8,251,930
14,443.042
17, 189,566
86. 7
74. 4
5tl91-
00, 083, 020
229,916,028
69. 9
63,493,834
2.8
2. 4
3. 3
2. 7
21,152,069
26,684,397
28,005,008
23,241.546
59,079,143
42. 862,479
69,838,463
57, 23.~. 943
73.9
61. 6
71. 4
71.1
13,918,497
II, 0\10, 365
18,340,579
20. 144. 393
~i
21
---1
79.3
239,490.495
74. 7
78. 1
s.~. 3
...
,i:,
,i:,
z
164, 32.~. 777
144, 468, 051
109,196.469
5.6
4. 9
3. 7
42,004, 2ll
53,867,671
65, 1185, 866
121,421.566
90. f,00, 380
43, 210, f,03
73.9
62. 7
39.6
28,817,677
28, 53S, 953
20,609,812
5.0
5.0
3. 6
5,465,872
6,224, fil5
7. 238,946
23,351, 8051
22,311,338
13, 370, 8f,6
81. 0
78. 2
,:::,
64. 9
!:<
81. 764, 006
2. 8
39,442.624
42. 321,382
51.8
14,799,658
2. 6
5,760,013
9,039,645
61. 1
5. 515,047
87. 4
1,395,091
2. 129,507
28. 5
59. 2
34,192,045
I. 2
9,827,528
24,364,517
71. 3
6,311, 565
1. I
700,518
18,768.588
28,803,373
0. 6
I. 0
14,219,956
15,395, 140
4,548.632
13. 4fJ8, 233
24. 2
46. 6
4,892.446
3,595.647
0. 9
0. 6
3,497.355
I, 4f~l. 140
50,074, 725
45. 025. 424
159,351,533
I. 7
I. 5
5. 5
15, f>43, 880
20, 4M, f>71
42,289, 52tl
34,430,845
24, 573, 75.1
117,062,007
68. 8
54. 6
73. 5
8, 723, 186
10,453,609
39, 100, 159
I. 5
1. 8
6. 8
2, 107,078
4, 20fi, 333
7,195,367
6,610, 108
6,247,276
31,904, 792
75. 8
59. 8
81. 6
29,053,253
1,,0, SIS, 924
8.1. 8
rn. s:10. 748
,a. 1;19, 490
009, 902,059
i
34. I
322,925, 158
676,976,901
67. 7
179,572.177
31. 2
Motor vehicles ..........•...•.••.••••.•......
Tea111s and wagons .......•....•..•...........
Construction equipment ..•••...............
Other.
55ii, 01r.. 101
I
10. o
I. 0
12. 8
1. 3 1
2:1.1. 092, 340
21,098, fi23
65,206,056
3,528, 139
323,824.361 •
9, 2fi9, 693
309. 473, f\51 j
34, 4011, 196 j
58. 1
30. 5
82. 6
90. 7
93,210.238
1, 159, ll97
71,907,638
13. 294, f04
16. 2
0. 2
12. 5
2. 3
----
I
I
$4116, 151, 785
l".l
Rent of equipment. •....••••••••••.••••.••.•.•...
Other
I
Percent of
total funds
$574, 86-1, 315
II. 2
Chemicals and allied products ...•............
Petrolmm products.
Mis"'•llaneous ....
Amount
f,3. tl
81,131,212
69,546,876
97, 8-13, 471
80,477.489
·--
Percent
66. 3
328, 99'J, 048
Electrical machinery, supplies, and equipment.............
..
Pavin~. other construction, and trans•
portation equipment.
Other ..
0
$988,327,364
56. 3
Cast•lron pipe and fittings.... ..........
Structllral and reinforcing steel..........
Iron and steel products •.... . .. . ......•..
Other..................................
Machinery and equipment .•............
N.
IIJO.O
I, 653, 109,971
Amount
Metal products, excluding machinery........
Lumber and its products, excluding furniture
and fixtures . ...........
. ........ .
Bituminous mixtures, paving and other ..... .
Textiles............................. . ... .
co·
;:a.:
$2, 1134, 002, 538
Sponsors' funds
WPA funds
Percent of
total funds
Amount
Percent
Total funds
30, 3f"", 316
374. fi7~. 707
37,931,335 1,
280, 91)(), 508
i
9. 6
I
64, "61, 0131
216,539,495
l
77. I
I
74,587,681
I
13. 0
j
II
1
i
·
79. o
159,036
9, Ofi2, 888
300,581
I, 000. f,61
86. 3
62, 8-14, 750
12,994,023
87. 4
97. 7
8,445,315
66,142,366
88. 7
• Not elsewhere classified.
Includes space rent, contractual services such as light and telephone, land leases and easements, and other miscellaneous expenditures.
Source: Work Projects Administration.
8
('i)
I-'
I-'
I-'
TABLE Xl.-AltoUNT OF
WPA
AND SPONSORS' FUNDS EXPENDED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY
OBJECT OF EXPENDITURE
CUMl'LATIVII THROl'OH JUNK 30,
WPA,
Sponsors' funds
Amount
Peroent
Total
Amount
N.
CD
0..
cr
'<
0
0
-
~
('i)
Peroont or
total WPA
funds
Amount
Nonlabor
P ercent or
total funds
Amount
Per cent of
total spon•
sors' runds
Total .. . . _.......... . . ·- •.•. ..• ..... .......•... . . .
$11 ,365, 400, 764
100. 0
$9,024, 142, 077
$8,035,814, 713
89. 0
$2,341, 264., 687
20. 6
$1,945,675, 174
83. 1
Dlvlslon ofOporatlons. ___ ___ . __ __·_·-·--- ·- -- · -·---··--·· · ·
8,868, 679, 004
78. 0
6, 901,879, 421
6,027,988,791
87. 3
1, 006, 799, 583
22. 2
1, 663, 307, 943
84. 6
l::d
Bighways,roads, andstreets_.. _. ___ ____ ·- -·- ·----·- ---Publlobuildlngs _. __ ... . . ___ __ ._ · _·_··- - · -- ------ ----- --
4, 41i,965, 614
1, 184, 275, 192
38.9
10. 4
3,386,482,487
889, 473, 486
2,942,872, 576
786, 369, 177
86.9
88.4
1,031,483, 127
294,801, 700
23.3
24. 9
880.442,447
248,502, 147
85. 4
84. 3
EducatlonaL _. _... ... ...... . .
. . _. _·-- __ . _. _· - Other._ •··-·-· · · ---·· ··· ··
-··-- -- ·---·--- -Recreational facilities (excluding buildings) . . __ · -. ____ . _
Publiclyowned oroporatedutllities_
. · ··- ---- · ---
404, 328,418
779,946,774
940,808, 564
1, 160, 410,303
3. 6
6.9
8. 3
10. 2
287, 772,544
601, 700, 94 2
802, 711, 269
889,624,4 10
256,605, 963
629,763, 214
701, 727, 004
789, 109, 089
89. 2
88. 0
87. 4
88. 7
116, 55.5, 874
178,245,832
138, 097, 295
270. 785,893
28. 8
22.9
14. 7
23. 3
98,403,315
150,098,832
111 ,843, 371
225,23 1, 316
84. 4
84.2
81. O
83. 2
~
~
Waterpuriflcatlonandsupply _.. _... __ . ________ __. _
Sew•gccollectionanddisposal _._ . . _... ... _.. _.. __ __
Other . .. -- - ·-·-····-· -·-·-···- ·····-··· ---··---·
Alrports andelrways _____ .. __ . __ ·---··--·· ··--- · -- · - -- -Consen·ntlon .......... .. .. --····· ·-- --- · ··- -··-· -··- --Lond and water oonsorvatlon ...
.. .
Other_
···-Sanitation . ....... .. . . ......... .
Engineering surveys.
Other .
. .................•....
286,984,413
758,09S,556
11 5,327,334
273,629,586
422, 842, 162
304, ™· 1140
118,257, 622
222,398,086
45, 482, 980
200, 866,517
2. 6
6.7
1.0
2.4
3. 7
2. 7
I. 0
I. 9
I. 8
192,489, 355
613, 044, 046
84, 091, 009
206,469,750
355,923,426
260,347, Z77
95,576, 149
174,708.458
38,301.815
158, 184,320
167, 765,658
546,293,007
75, 050.364
149, 146,282
313, 168.009
224,879,566
88, 289, 343
165, 621,398
36,892.578
143. 08 1, 778
87. 2
89. 1
89.2
72. 2
88. 0
86. 4
92. 4
94. 8
96. 3
90. 5
94,495, 058
145, 054,5 10
31, 236,325
67, 159,836
06, 918,736
44, 237, 263
22, 68 1, 473
47,689,628
7, 181, 165
42. 682, 197
32.9
19. 1
27. 1
24. 5
15. 8
14. 5
19. 2
21. 4
15. 8
21. 2
81,020,593
117,350,410
26,85 1,3 13
61, 267,™
53,592, 168
36,339, 251
17, 252,917
44, 536, 645
4,063, 557
33,828, 708
85. 7
80.9
86.0
91.2
80. 1
82. 1
76. 1
93. 4
56. 6
79. 3
2,455,634,826
21. 6
2, 111,524, 130
I, 986,074. 190
94. I
344. 110, 690
14. 0
258, 734, 308
75. 2
6. 5
2. 0
2.0
LO
0. 3
0. 3
0.7
0. 2
3. 7
2. 0
I. 5
0. 2
10. 2
o. 7
6. 4
0. 6
o. 8
(•)
0. 8
0. 9
I. 2
616,993, 900
192,610,909
179, 400, 272
97,350, 466
24, 775. 492
30, 809, 693
69, 033, 249
22, 017, 819
365,107. 161
193,013, 539
145,387,397
26,706,225
1,006, 715,988
59, 478. 542
667,582,086
63, 810, 902
81, 554, 149
3,368,653
62,667,392
68, 254. 204
122,707, 081
595. 140, ll02
183,317, 102
174, 658,996
95, 178.367
23, 990,426
29,026,627
67, 140, 166
21,82'.l, 11 8
355,268, 461
186,004,072
143,558.614
25, 645. 775
919, 766. 125
58,526,699
591,38 1.361
61, 245, 303
80,736, 040
3,082,046
60, 228, 595
64,566, 08 1
11 5,898, 808
90. 5
Sewing.- . . . ··--·· ·· ···-·- ·· ·•- •··- ---- · ···--··Production (excluding sewing) __... . · -- ---· · --···-··
Housekeeping aides _. . - .... ·- ...... __ . ··-- . · ··---·ll ouschold workers' training ___ _··- __ .---· -·-·· ·--·Sehool lunchcs ...... ·--- . .. .. -· ·- .... . ·---- ·-- -----·
Distribution or surplus oommodltles ___ _--- -- ·-· --·Other .
735. 100, 052
228,217, 139
228,973,575
11 7,534, 199
29, 091 , 801
33,069,203
74,336,849
23. 877,286
428.303, 044
228, 987.027
170,77 1,579
28, 544. 438
1, 157,800,599
73,806,800
731,690, 410
72, 702, 304
85, 778, 279
3, 750, 284
92,684, 476
97, 382.040
134, 43 1, 131
118, 106, 152
35,606, 230
49, 477,303
20, 183,733
4,316, 309
2,259,510
5,303.600
959, 467
63, 195, 883
35,973, 488
25, 384, 182
I. 838. 213
151,084,611
14, 328, 258
64, 114 ,330
8. 891, 342
4, 224, 130
381.631
30,017,084
29, 1Z7, 836
11. 724,050
16. I
15. 6
21. 6
17. 2
14. 8
6.8
7. 1
4. 0
14. 8
15. 7
14. 9
6. 4
13. 0
19. 4
s. 8
12. 2
4. 9
10. 2
32. 4
29. 9
8. 7
91 , 484,677
29,376.968
37,398, 009
14.823.462
2, 643, 921
2, 017.90 1
4,525.527
698,829
31, 597,054
15,955. 104
14, 268, 052
1,374, 798
128,435,579
6,898,596
61,719,074
7, 775,649
3, 021, 728
330, 495
27,903, 267
20, 785,870
7, 216, 098
77. 5
82. 5
75. 6
73. 4
61.3
89. 3
85.3
72.8
50. 0
44. 4
56. 2
74. 8
85. 0
48. 1
96. 3
87. 5
71. 5
86.6
93. 0
71. 4
61. 5
National dcrcnsc vocational trainin g .. _______ __ ___ ___. ____ __ _
MlsoollanooUB • - -· ---. _· -·- ---- --. ____ _____ -- -----·· -- -- --- -
29,995, 838
11,097, 096
o. 8
18, 427, 636
-7, 689, 010
Division or Community Servloo Programs . ...
0
Total
Labor
Typo or project
~
11141
W PA. funds
Totnl runds
co·
;:a.:
BY TYPE OF PROJECT, BY SOURCE QF FUNDS, AND BY
Public activities ____ . ___ ...... ·-·- - .... _·- ----- ·-- -- - -·Ed ucation._. __. --- ·-- ... -· ··- .. ..... ···- ·· - · ·---- ..
RecrcaLlon ._ ... - . . ---·········-·-·-· ·- - ---- -- -·-···Li brary _··· ···- - · ------ · --·-·---·-··-·---· -· -- --·-·Museum ·-··· ··--- --·-···---·-····· ··- ·-·-· ·- - -- ---Art - ··· · ···- ·-- - ·· ----- ----··-- ······ ·····-··· - •- - -Music·--···- ····-···- -·-·---·-···· · - ··- - ---·- - · -·--Wrltln~ ···· ····· ···---··--··-------··---- ---·-- -·--Resonrchand reoo rds ... - ·--···-·-·- -···· · ···-···- - --·-·Hcse1uch and sur veys.
Public rcoords . . . . . .
El lstorlcal records sur vey.
W clfo.ru
·-· ··· . ···-· ·······-·l'ubllc hcnllh and hospital wor k .... -•-·--····---· ···
o. 4
0. 1
95. 2
97.3
97.8
96.8
94. 2
97. 3
95. 2
97. 3
96. 4
98. 7
96. 0
91. 4
98. 4
88. 6
96. 0
99. 0
91. 5
96. I
94. 6
94. 5
18, 180,596
98. 7 1
3,571,130 -··-· ·-- -- --
.
I
11 ,568, 302
38. 6 1
18,786, 100 · -·-----··--
4, 834,580
18,798, 34.3 · -
41. 8
& Less than 0.05 peroont.
8
Includes adjust menta for e:tce98 ol deposits In the supply fund ovar pay1DB11ts out of the supply fund and !or Items In tranalt to oontrol aooounts, and spoDBOrs' expenditures for land, land leuea, - ments, and riKhts-ol-way.
Sollnle: Work Projecb Admlnlltratlon.
l"'.l
0
z
;l!
0
C)
~
gj
..,0
>-,3
=
l"'.l
~
~
~
C)
l::d
>
IC
T.uL11 XII.-A.11ouNT or WPA AND SPoNsoRS' F'uNDS ExPESDED ON PROJECTS OPERATIID BY
OBJJl:CT OF EXPENDITURE
YKAR
ENDING
JUNK
WPA,
BY Tn1 or PROJECT, BT Sou11c111
or I<'uNDs,
AND sv
30, 11141
SPOlll!Ors' funds
WPA funds
TotaJ funds
Nonlabor
Total
Labor
Type of project
Percent
..\mount
Total
Percent of
total WP A
funds
Amount
TotaL ...... .
~1.
Division of Operations . . ... .
0
N.
CD
0..
cr
'<
0
0
~
( i)
100. o
I
s1, 239, 118, 404
I
$1, 120.465, 004
I
I
838 I
P~roent of
total funds
30. 1 I
Amount
Peroont of
total SJ)On•
sors' fun<h
5456, 1,1. 785 I
83. a
88. I ·
437. 190. 392
33. 0
373. 497,339
85. 4
90. 4
SM7, 866.
~
74. 2
888. 004, 192
783,114. 547
Hlgbways, roads,andstroets.... . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . .... . .....
Public buildings .. ... ..... . .. .... . .•....... . ... ..... ... ... ..
6Stl. 745,2l5
188, 778.727
38. 0
10. 6
454.477, 927
124. 053.538
400,740.223
111.021.077
88. 2
89. 5
235.267.:ZSS
64.725,189
34. 1
34. 3
203.523, 774
5.~. 106, 175
86.6
85. 1
Educational ...... .. . . ..... . .. . .. . . ...... . .. . . . . . ..... .
.. .. .. ... . . •.....
Other . ... ..... . ................. ...
Recreational facilitlos (excluding buildln~s) . . ....... . . . .. ..
Publicly owned or operat-0d ut!lltles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65, 285,428
123, 493,299
85, 477, 979
194. 876. 686
3. 7
6. 9
4. 8
10. 9
40.006, 375
84.047, 163
59. 200. 201
132. 007. 564
36,165,915
74.865, 162
54. 648,911
120. 580. 042
90. 4
89. 1
92. 2
91. 3
25, 279,053
39, 446. 136
26, 217.778
62,869. 122
38. 7
31.9
30. 7
32. 3
21 , 420, 937
33,685. 238
22. 100,558
52. 649, 841
84. 7
85.4
84. 6
83. 7
Water purillcatlon and supply .. ...... ... .. . . . .. . . .. ...
Sewage collection and disposal .......... . . .. . ... .... . .
Other . ... ......... . ........ .. ... .... . . .. .. . . . . . . .. . ... .
Airports and airways . . . . . . ... .. . . . . .. ...... . .. .. .. .. . .... .
Conservation . .... .. . . .. . . ..... . ..... . . . . .. ..... . .. . . . . . .. .
50. 215. 650
113, 684. 859
30, 976,177
69.777, 092
44. 419.971
2.8
6. 4
1.7
3.9
2.5
28. 695. 767
SO. 778, 410
22,533, 387
52,867. 056
29, 892,865
25. 879. 304
74. 040. 2M
20.660.484
33.932, m
27.lJ00, 485
90. 2
91. 7
91.7
64.2
93.7
21. 519. S83
32,906.449
8,442, 790
16,910, 036
14,527, 106
42. 9
28. 9
27. 3
24. 2
32. 7
18.894, 939
26, 700, 751
7, 00, 151
15, 148,748
11,796,141
87. 8
81. 2
83. 4
89.6
81.2
Land and water conservation ...... . . .. . .... . . .. .. ....
Other . . ..... . . . ... ..... .. .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. ..
SanitBtlou. ... . .. . . . ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . .. .. . . . . . .
Englnooringsur veys ... ..... ..... ...... . . .. ... . . ...... ... ..
.. . ... . . .. . .. .. . . .
Other. ... ... .... ..... ..........
28. 267, 777
16, 152, 104
20, 993,834
9,648.842
22, 436.238
I. 6
0. 9
I. 2
0.5
1.2
18, 782.488
11,110,377
13,987.669
7,768.382
14, 648,990
17,567,956
JO, 428. 529
13,280.650
7,561,573
13,353, 377
93. 5
93. 9
114. 9
97.3
91.2
9, 485, 2811
5, 041.817
7,006. 165
1,880, 460
7, 787,248
33. 6
31. 2
33. 4
111. 5
34. 7
7, 717, 955
4. 078. 186
6, 434. 754
1, 087,005
5,590, 253
81. 4
80. 9
91. 8
57. 8
71.8
434, 379, 775
24. 3
335, 100, 169
318, 300.11111
95. o
99. 189,006
22. 8
ii, 891,389
78. 5
Public activities . ..
.. . .
Educatl!)n .... . .. . . . . . . . . ......... . ...... . .. .. .. .. . . .. ..
Recreation .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . .... . ... . .. . . . . .. .. . .. .. ..
Library .... . . . . ... . ... . .. ... ... ... . .......... ...... .. ..
Museum . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . ....... .. .. .... . . .... ...... .. .
Art . · ··· ···· · · · · ··· ··· · · · · ··· · ···.......... .. . . . . ... .. .
Music ... .. . . . . . .... . .. .. . . ... .... . . . ........ .... ... ...
Writing . . ... . ......... . .... . .. ..... ... ...... .. .. .... .. .
Researeb and records.. . .......... .. ... . ..... . .... ... . . .. ..
R esearch and surveys ..... .. . ... . ... . ....... . ......... .
Public records . ..... ........ . . . . . ...... .... .. . ... ... .. ..
W iHistorlcal records survey.... . .. . ...... .. .. . .. . .........
efarc ................. .... ..... ........ ... ..... .. . ... ...
Public health and hospital work ........ ...... . . ...... ..
Sowing . ··· · · · ······ ·- .. . . . .. .. ....... . . . ... .. ... .... . .
Production (excludlu~ sewln~) .. . ........ .. . . . . . . .••.. ..
Housekeeping aides ... - .. . . . ........ .. . . ... • . ..... ..
Householdworkers'trainJug .... ....... .. . .... . ...... .
School lunebcs . . . . . . . .. .. . .. ... . . . . .. . . .. . ... .. . . . . . .
Distribution of surplus commodities.. ..... .. .. . .. . .....
Other ··.·... . . . ... . . .... ......... .. ... . . . .... .. . ... ....... .
138, 932, 157
35. 531.136
45,400, 6i7
26, 106. 118
6,610,5 18
7, 478, 489
13,548,083
4,257,136
72. 420. 164
33. 674, 749
30. 944. 173
7,801.242
215. 178, 549
13, 11&1, 902
98, 4/W, 191
12,954,962
22. 299. 928
784,740
39, 600.583
27,093,243
7,848,905
7. 8
2. 0
2. 5
I. 5
0. 4
0. 4
o. 8
0. 2
4. I
I. 9
I. 8
0. 4
12. 0
o. g
5. 5
o. 7
I. 2
104. 08 1, 444
27,X6.936
32. 291,509
18,856.547
5,169, 302
6,160,892
JO, 724. 358
3.671,000
57, 809, 058
26. 046, 649
25,025, 125
6. 737,284
166, 960.919
10, 343, 704
80,653,767
10, 491.471
20,805.673
659,463
27, 146, 188
16. 860,653
6,338, 748
100,079. 636
25.800,517
31 , OSI. 246
18,288, 402
5, 025,929
5,837,451
10. 400,8 12
3: 5411, 2711
56. 185,584
25, 200, 463
24. 478,681
6,506.440
155,895, 378
10. 238, 8611
71 , 303,827
10, 182. 023
20,552.006
578,531
26,308.624
16. 731 , 498
6,146,32 1
116. 2
94. 8
96. 3
97. O
97. 2
94. 8
97. 9
00. 7
97. 2
96. 8
97. 8
96. 6
93. 4
99. o
88. 4
97. 1
98. 8
87. 7
oo. g
.JIii. 2
97. O
34, 850, 713
8.324,200
13. IOII, 168
7, 249.571
1,441,216
I, 317,597
2. 823, 725
585, 236
14, 611 , 106
7. 628, 100
5. 919, MS
1,063.958
48.217,630
3, 637, 1118
17,810, 424
2,463, 491
I, 4114. 255
125.277
12,454,395
10, 232,500
1. 510, 157
25. I
23. 4
28. 9
27. 8
21.8
17. 6
20. 8
13. 7
20. 2
22. 7
Ill. 1
13.6
22. 4
26. o
18. 1
111. o
6. 7
16. 0
31. 5
37. 8
19. 2
28,310.514
7, 169,034
10. 235, 218
5,923.073
1.030.809
1,180,014
2. 368,974
403.392
8,012,986
3, 836, 740
3,411 , 329
764, 1117
40, 423,552
I, 884, 739
16.1148, 536
2,086,681
I , 037, 674
106.553
II, 334, 544
7, 02·1, 825
I, 144. 337
81. 2
86. 1
78. I
81. 7
71.5
89. 6
83. 9
68. 9
54. 8
50. 3
57. 6
71.9
83.8
51. 8
115. 2
84. 7
69. 4
85.1
91. O
68. 7
75. 8
National defense vocational t ralninJZ ...........•................ .
Miscellaneous 8 • ••••..••• •....•••••••.••.
29,995,
-3. 484,865
Division of Community Ser vice Programs
co·
;:a.:
,s1. 045. :m I
•.\mount
I. 326. 154,
. .. .. . . . . . . .. ... .
838 1
(A)
2. 2
I. 5
0. 4
I. 7
-0. 2
18, 427. 536 1
-3.403, 403
98. 7
18, 180,596
863.002 . ... .......
38. ft
II, 568,302
-81, 462 · ··•·• ····--
4, 834.580
-71, 523 .. .
>
"Cl
~
z
0
~
41. 8
A Less than 0.05 percent.
8
Includes adjustments !or excess of dePOSlls in tbe supply fund over payments out of tbe supply fund and for Items in tl'&IISII to control aocounts, and sponsors' expeudilurN fo.- land, land leaaes, eaaa.
menta, and rights-or.way.
Source: Wo.-k Projects Administration.
c:.:i
114
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XIII.-AMOUNT OF WPA AND SPONSORS' FUNDS EXPENDED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY \\.PA, BY STATE,
BY SOURCE OF FUNDS, AND BY OBJECT OF EXPENDITURE
CUKULATIVB THBOUOH 1UNII 30, 1941
WPAfunds
Sponsors' funds
Nonlabor
Labor
Slate
Total funds
Total
Amount
Percent
of total
WPA
funds
Total
Amonnt
Percent
of total
sponsors•
funds
-83.)
TotaJ ____ ···········-··- _.
$11, 366, 406. 764
$9, 024, I 42, 077
$8,035,814, 713
89.0
$2,341,264,687
$1, 1145, 675. 174
Alabama. __ ................. --.
_\ri,ona
_______________
-------··-··-·-·-·---,
_\rkansas
--·-·- ____
California ____________ --·--· ___ .
Colorado _______________________
159,616,954
48,247,384
126, 601, 265
571, 667, 974
lll8, 513, 181
117,907,002
33,805,080
99,246,050
455, 648, 267
99,420,300
100, 666, 537
29,424,744
83,927,074
407, 30II, 206
S7, 902,886
85.3
87.0
84.6
89.4
88.4
41,619,95~
27,355,215
116,019, 707
29,092,881
36,965,816
11,293,505
23,438,769
88,797,249
24,952,985
Connecticut_. ___ .-------------Delsware.
_-· ---·--·------·--District
of Columbia
___________
Florlda._. ______________________
Georgia _________ -··----------- -
121,417,250
12,578,469
45,709,017
145, 063, 669
11111, 791, 040
95,077, 115
10,040,145
37,141,436
111,143,673
120, 942, 965
87,744,838
9,323,048
33,345,!!34
95,196,409
104, 009, 826
V2. 3
92.9
89.8
85. 7
86.0
26,340, 135
2,538,324
8,567,581
33,919,906
38,848,075
23,170,491
1,976,492
5,624,663
29,290,881
35,066,342
88.0
Idaho._------·····-·-·------. -Illinois_·-·-·-·-·-··--·-··---··.
Indiana .• ____ ···------------- ..
Iowa .. --------·----··------··-·
Kansas .. ______________________ .
46,783,449
863, 471, 313
334,351,719
134, 892, 006
141,667,465
32, 376, 425
685, I 00, 431
268, 004, 879
95,371,833
107, 547, 479
28, :JW,926
604, 492, 813
240,914,891
84,810,536
92,811,644
87. 7
88.2
89.9
88.9
86.3
14,407,024
178, 370, 882
66,346,840
39,520, 173
34,119,986
12,016, 127
126, 501, 146
83_4
70_9
87.8
83.6
88.6
Kentucky •• -----·--··-·····--·LouL•lana ... ··--·----·---- __ ·-Maine .. •·····-·----·--------··
Maryland __ .... ·----···-···-·_.
M11SSBChusetts_ ·-·----··-·••· -·
178, 462, 906
146, 118, 491
37,513,043
68,140,923
518, 05ll, 589
139,091,090
114,227,475
29,665,489
53,120,151
425, 536, 891
117,858; 103
99,377,656
24,378,275
44,792,582
401, 729, 339
84. 7
87.0
82.2
84.3
94. 4
39,371,816
31,891,016
7,847,554
15,020, 772
92, 522, 6118
32,662,874
26,838.048
6,465,393
11,005,747
79, 233, 1169
Michigan_---·----·---·------· Minnesota ________________
------·--·--- •____
Ml!ISlsslppL
____._.
Missouri _____ -·----·--·-------.
Montana_. ______ ·--·----------.
486, 464, 4 II
277,534,873
126,030,874
336, 379, 025
75,627,707
388, 235, 066
349,007, 234
194, 339, 201
74,175,286
89.9
98,229,345
60,080,463
Nebraska __ ._----·-------- _____
Nevada.···-·-·•---------·----New Hampshire ______________ .
New 1ersey_ .. ·-·-------------·
New Mexico_--··-----·-------·
120,668,940
11,672, 150
36,819,355
444, 853, 349
51,364.380
90, 24..~. 737
7,826,724
28,851,218
350,917,445
39, 82.~. 470
New York._--··----·---------·
North Carolina •• ___ • _____ •• __ .
North Dakota.·--•------------Ohio ...... --·--·----··-·------Oklahoma. __ ··--·---·--·-·----·
Oregon_ .. _____________________ .
Pennsylvania._-----------·---Rhode Carolina.
Island_-----------·----South
_______ • ________
South Dakota. __ -------·---·--.
1, 483, 876, 572
139, 193, 767
66,389,611
813, 463, 622
197,327,416
Tennessee
__ • - --- -- - -·-- -- -- - --Texas.
_________________________
14, -142, 304
58, 230,5113
3.1,057,676
30,235,445
62,469, 718
82. 0
88. 7
89.9
60,645,037
17,2.'iS, 127
74,315,764
50,480,416
31,29.5,350
51,211.1,214
14,734,631
79,585,005
6,903,629
26,310,430
323, 708, 476
88.2
88.2
91.2
92. 2
30,423,203
3,845,426
7,968,137
93,935,004
11,538,910
26,312,294
3,166,401
6,572, 157
80, 241,064
10,114,790
I, 221, 809, 939
98,919,018
50,319,649
677, 267, 407
149,791,133
1, 080, 955, 121
84, 725, 122
43,593,155
612,663, fill
127, 454, 951
88.5
85. 7
86.6
231, 175, 896
85.1
262, 066, 633
40,274, 749
16, 069, 962
136, 196,215
47,536,283
83,283,358
1, 034, 806, 563
66,915,656
120,871, 112
72,642,868
64,237,076
885,995,343
52,206,558
91,484,415
55, 780, 700
58,392,662
809, 650, 018
50,562,279
80,471,794
48,069,621
90.9
91.4
96.9
88.0
86.2
Utah .. ·------··-----·------·--_
Vermont_-----··-···-------··-Virginia __ --------·---·-·-------
147,871, 718
317, 757, 902
59, 044, 1169
20,825,387
91,739,060
100, 922, 636
232, 794, 595
41,631,884
15,564,652
68,090,495
85,427,183
195, 637, 700
37,697, 3.15
14,595,982
59,148,627
Washlnr,ton._ .. __ -------·--·--West V l'ltinla _______ -·---· •• ___
Wisconsin __ ··----·····-···----Wyoming __________ ·-·-·-------
176,217,303
166,373, i18
298, AAS, 986
19,912, 13'
135, 303, 514
132, 3811, 372
232,888, 781
13,816,285
Alsska ___ . ·------------------·Hawaii
···---------·---------Puerto Rico.__________________
Virgin Islands _______________ -·_
20, 743
13,181,089
12, S.'19, 696
26,214
20, 743
8,610,403
10,027,793
26,214
7,481,630
7,956,127
25,428
tlndtstrlbuted by state"---·---
5,858,129
5,858, 129
4,488,487
217,454,410
00, 422,530
275, 733, 1188
58,369,580
244,487,346
34. 079, 905
89.4
35, 608, 344
85.6
86.4
78_2
85_ 7
76_5
85..8
77_ 9
65_7
86_4
90.3
83.0
84.2
82.4
73.3
85.6
75.7
84_0
87. I>
84.5
85.4
86_5
82-3
82. 5,
85.4
87.7
36,899,608
88.Z
Ill. 6-
14,276,081
109,873,015
38,553,010
88. 8
80. 7
81. 1
19,046,282
148,811, 220
14,709,098
29, 3811,697
16,862, 168
16,048,796
128, 906, 523
12,574,935
25,483,609
14, 771,6/il
84.386.6
85. 5
86. 7
87.6
84.6
84.0
90.5
93.8
86.9
46,949,083
84,963,307
17,413,085
5,260, 735
23,648,565
36, 112,254
71,647,918
14,600,004
4,246,094
111,255,566
74.S
84.3
83.8
80. i
81.4
123, 184, 787
117, 730, 980
210, 479, 266
11,930,242
91.0
88.9
90.4
86.3
40,913,789
33,985,346
65,997,205
6,095,849
33,094,SQ
29,326,038
54,703, 122
5,124,386
86.3
82.11
84.1
JO, 208
49.2
86.9
90.5
79.3
97.0
----------------------------------4,570,686
3,402, 724
2, 21111, 289
2,811,903
------------------
------------ ----- ____________
,
7'-'
81.8
------------------ ----------------------------- -----------·
" Include11 supply lund arlJu•tment and C't'ntral offlct- projects.
Bouroe: WPA expenditures ha.Sf'<! on ll. ~- Trea.<nry Department report.•: sponsors' expenditures based on WPA reports.
Digitized by
80.11
Google
115
APPENDIX
1
TABLII: XIV.-AIIOUNT OF WPA AND 8PON80R8 FUNDS EXPENDED ON PROIECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY STATE,
BY SOURCE OF FUNDS, AND BY OBIECT OF EXPENDITURE
YIIJ.R ENDING 1UNII 30, IDU
Sponaon' tunds
WPA funds
Nonlabor
Labor
Total tunds
State
Total
Amount
Tota.1 ______________________
Percent of
total WPA
funds
Total
Amount
Percent of
total sponson' funds
$1, 787, Ot5, 332
SI, 239, 178,494
Sl, 120, 465, 1164
90. 4
$647,886, 838
$456, 161, 786
83.3
34,236,423
8,461,900
26,591,888
91 , 707, 020
19,1503,392
22, 4118, 098
6,659,285
18,816,447
66,055,971
13,804,391
20,021,598
4,387, 226
16,572,663
58,956, 360
12,371 , 392
89.0
77. 5
88. I
90. 11
89. 6
II, 7:18. 325
2,802,615
7,775,441
211,661,049
6, 6911,001
10, 1116,041
2,310, 500
6,306.~
22, 1611, 666
4,876, 769
86. 0
82. 4
81.I
83.2
811.11
15, 737,768
2,791,355
10,098,214
32, 2114, 1164
34,261, 999
10,779,466
1,906.287
7,893,335
22,044,103
22,804,802
0,979. 029
1.~.306
6,922, 727
18,374, 530
19,730,284
92.6
94. 7
87. 7
83.4
86.5
4,958,302
885,068
2,204,879
10, 250, 861
ll,457, 197
4, 213, 324
863,800
1,693.006
8, 864,096
10,149,661
811. 0
73.0
7&.8
86.5
88.11
Idaho_ - - - -------- -------------- -- -JlUlloill_ - - ------------------------ -lndlana_ --- --- ------------------- -- - -Iowa_
__
______ _________________ -·
___-----------------------x:-_
8,690,712
127,417,860
43,667. 018
23, 752,998
21,619,4-0II
6,598,516
88,131,752
29,818, 781
15,385.799
15,066, 743
5,040,822
80,852,844
27,182, 494
13,923,599
13,842,621
90.0
91. 8
01.2
90. 5
DI. 9
3,092.196
39,297,098
13,848,237
8,367,199
6,553,666
2, 738, 706
29,924,707
11,444.625
7,103,165
6,922,501
88.11
7&. I
82.11
84.0
90.4
Kentucky ____ _________ ____ ______ ___
-·
Maine_-------------------------Maryland ___ ___ _______ __________ ___
Mamachuaetta __ ______ ___________ __
31,344,366
25,127,983
7,965,965
12, 752, 708
78, 493,982
22, 161, 752
18,250, 993
6,371,604
8,469,965
64,782,093
19,502, 756
18,331,842
4,156,615
7,511.726
52,366,601
88.0
811. 4
66. 2
88. 7
115. 6
11, 182,604
6,876, 1190
I, 584,361
4, 282, 743
23, 711, 8811
7,627, 534
ft, 487, 808
1,378,361
3, 384,430
20,741,512
83.1
79. 8
87. 0
79.0
87.6
~~ia:::::::::::::::::::::::::
~=:«,~:.f~.1:::::::::::::::::::::::::
·---------------····
70,948,874
42,803,484
26,954, 117
56, 1163, 103
11,631,317
48,573.293
30,605,175
18,875,382
41,211,091
7,699,220
46,364, 436
27,785, 720
15,609.025
37,737,939
7,002,992
113. 4
90.8
82. 7
91.6
91.0
22,375,581
12,198,309
8,078, 735
15,752,012
3,832,rNT
17,629,232
10,020.181
78.8
82. 1
22, 843, 906
1, 944,939
6,281, 101
65,240,100
ll, 047, 967
15,602,963
1,2M, 142
4,461,970
45,273,441
7,756.644
14,087,474
1,075.406
3,809,572
42, 147, 155
6, 783, 3113
90.3
811. 7
811.4
113.1
87.5
168, 090, 036
36,642.206
II, 027. 253
107, 002, Oil
32. 787. 246
ll4, 435, 81J6
23, 128, 828
7,254,374
76,388,646
21,767,463
106, 918, 273
111,738, 202
6,388, -~16
68.352,423
111,139,336
13,008, 173
139,887.473
11 , 005, 1133
28, .'i84, 341
10. 399,428
9,764,030
102, 215, 249
7,497, 1146
31,637,665
6,854,842
28,613,006
68, 964.708
II, 862, 880
3,400,326
18,728,406
Alabama __ --- -------------------·-.
.utaona_ - - ---- -- -----------------·-
I
~ - --------------------------- ------------------ -- --Oallfnnila_
___________________________
Cob-ado
OaanecUout ________________________
-----------------------».laware_
_______________
Dliltrlet of -Columbia
J'1odda__ -- - - - -- -- - -- --- ------ ----- -
a-.ta- - --------------------------
Loalstana_ --- -- ------------ ---- ... .
6, 908,660
811.6
13, 763, 702
3, 1116, 673
87.4
83.4
7,240,943
689, 7117
1,81g, 131
19, 966, 659
3,291,323
6,421,033
1168, 423
1,566,423
16,217, 337
2, 811,632
86.1
81.2
86.4
113. 4
85.3
88.1
811. 5
87.9
53,654,140
13,513,378
3, 772.8711
30,613,365
11 , 019.783
45,691,834
12, 305. 346
3,282, 402
23, 567, 848
8,781,930
91.7
87.0
77.0
79. 7
9,080,994
95,438.333
7, 09fl, 376
18.622, 101
6,243.383
93.0
93.4
114. 6
DO. 2
91. 1
4,204. 143
37,672,224
3, 5118, 287
7,946,676
3,644.586
3, &Iii, 294
31,752,984
2,891, 7:18
6,184,338
3,218,564
83.4
84.3
81.0
77.8
19,571,677
46,865,052
7,375,422
2,480, 3.~7
12,767,857
17,475,237
42,133,359
6, 771 , :M2
2,262.069
10, 7113. 424
811. 3
89.9
91.8
91.2
84.5
9,041,329
22, 099, 656
4,487.458
919.009
6,960,549
7,019,523
19,440.444
3,898,292
755,650
4,710,796
77.6
88.0
86.fl
82. 1
79.0
28, 9113, 34 7
30,066,094
46, 709, 149
2,618, 80II
18, 6211, 394
31,641,551
30,956, 107
I, 809, 151
16,012, 768
18,843,395
28,3.~2. MO
1,641.953
86. 0
91.3
111.6
00.8
10,333, 953
11,424, 543
15, 75.1, 042
SOIi, 668
8,322.963
7,958,3 19
13,366. 795
696,069
84.4
84.fl
86.0
Puerto R!oo. _______________________
Virgin ulanda. _____________________
1,981 , 386
11,072,632
6, 1166
I, 131,468
8,859,638
6,965
915,652
6,869,726
6, 826
80. 9
77.5
118. 0
849,918
2,212,994
569, 7115
1,847,720
83. 6
U ndlatributed by state " . _____ .. __
1,6.16, 712
1, 6.16, 712
143,690
11.4
MontADa .. --- -Nebraska ___ ___ ____________________
Nevada _____ ______________________ _
S:: t;St~:::::::::::::::::::
New York ___ ______________________
North Carolina ____________________
North Dakota___ ___ ______________ __
-----·--- -- - -------Ohio _··-· ----___ _______________
________
Oklahoma
Oregon .. .
---------- -_
. ·--------Pennsyl,•anfa
___________________
e Island __
Rhod
South Carolina. ____________________
South Dakota __ __ __ ________________
Tenneaae ____ ______________________
Te><ss- _____________________________
--------------- _________ . ..
___ ____________________________
Utah
Vermont
Virginia ____• _____________________ ..
Washington ________________________
West V lrglnla. _____________________
Wi800DSID . • ________________________
Wyoming ________ ----------- ---- ---
Hawaii. ·-- ___ __ . ___________________
88. 7
82.4
86.2
00.8
80.S
67. 0
---------------- ---- ----·------- --------·---- ------------ -- ----------------------------
" Include• supply fund adjustment and central ollloe projects.
Source : WPA exvendltures based on U . S. Department of Treasury reports; s1><mson' expendltul'ell based on WPA reports.
Digitized by
Google
116
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XV.-AMOUNT OF WPA AND SPONSORS' FUNDS EXPENDED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY STATE AND
BY MAJOR TYPE OF PROJECT
CUl(ULATIVE THROUOH ]UNE 30,
!9U
Division of Operations
State
Highways. roads. and
streets
Grand total
Total
Per•
cent
Amount
Total . ...... ..... ... $J1 , 365,406, 764
$8. 868. 679,004
P u blic buildings
Amount
38. 9
$1 . 184 .275, 102
10. 4
$940,808.564
18,7 7.3 18
7,847. 762
15, 669.854
71. 356,357
15,256.047
ll. 8
16. 3
12. 4
12. 6
11.0
2, 913, 294
I, 137,084
3.097, 262
49. 639,838
5. 646. 069
I 33. 6
1 14. I
14 . 0
I 33.3
I 43. 3
15,328. 213
I. 720. 005
6, 573. 523
24 , 2, 960
17, 009, 173
12. 6
13. 7
14 . 4
16. 8
10. 6
JO, 721. 609
I. 101 , 453
I. 4 , 305
4, 77 ,
4. O!\O. 517
40, G3b. 587
665. 695. 14 3
285. 707. 430
I JO, 400, 96
l14 .n27. 754
14 , 497,877 3 1.0
:!38. 226. 345 1 39. 2
5
168, 739, 158
63. 709, 972 47. 3
58. 613. 421 41. 4
50.
4, 020. 167
53. 129. 767
28, 736.285
10. 153.680
II . 318. 571
178, 4fi2. 006
146, II , 491
37,5 13.043
68. 140. 923
518.059, 580
146. 852, 11 2
II S. iti'. i43
31.611.991
56,235. 700
361. 922. 180
IO I. 170. 718
58. I 2, 24
17. 226. 037
25. 3f,3. 056
124. 613, 4C.O
56. 7
39. 8
45. 9
37. 2
24 . 0
22. 669,4 55
17, 486, 938
I, 92 1, 107
7,755,600
63,676.905
12. 07
12.
5. 1
11.4
12. 3
Michigan ... .•. .... . .. ..•.
M inn ota . .. ... .•.•.. . •.
1
:::::::::::::::
Montana.. . . ........•. •..
486, 464 , 41 1
277, 53-1 , 73
126 . 030, 74
336. 379, 025
75. 627, 707
409, 239. 009
217, 475,3 14
92, 186.207
273, 441.515
.59, 7~ . 256
244. 149, 70
97,086,874
58. 060, 35 I
14 5. 677,393
31. 709, 189
150.
2
35. 0
33,093. 737
38, 140,333
11 , 401. 138
31. 300. 96l'
6, 344 . 383
13.8
9.0
0. 3
8. 4
Nebras ka .... . .....•. •.•.
Nevada . . ............•. •.
New Hampsbire .•.•.•. ..
N e w J er5oy . _. _--------· Now M exico ____________ _
120. 668. 940
51. 364. 380
116,440.638
8.
,, 404
28. 5'1. 406
345. 227. 445
44 . .'i35. 054
55, 421.022
ll:m:i~
444 , 853.349
I 59, 456. 466
15, f,00, 24
New York .... ..... . .. ...•
North Carolina. •• •. ...• ..
North Dakota... . .......•
Ohio
Oklahoma . . ... .. . .. .. .. . .
I, 4 3. 76. 572
139, I93. 767
66,380,6 11
13, 463. 622
107, 327. 41 6
I, I 18. 060. 200
103. 46,5. 77
53. 687. 802
673. 699. 202
161. 377. 782
Oregon ..... .............•
Pennsylvania ..•....•....
Rhode Island . .... .....•..
South Carolina .. . .• .•...•
South Dakota. .. •• •• .••• .
83, 283,358
I, 034 . 806. 563
66, 015, 656
120,871 , 11 2
72,612,868
Tennessee .....•. . . .. .•...
Texas .. .. ..... ...... . . .. .
Utah
Vermont. ... •...... . . ....
Vir1tinla .. ..... ... ..... . •
147,871 , 718
317, 757, 002
59,044.000
20. 25, 7
91. 739,060
126. 60 1, 265
67 1. 667. 07◄
128,513. I I
Connecticut . .. .... •.. ... .
Delaware .... . . . .... . ... . .
Dis trict or Columbia . ... .
Florida ....... .. . ........ .
Georgia ............ . ... .•
121 , 411, 250
12,578.469
45, 709.017
14 5. 063, 000
159. 701. 040
ldah o .......•••...••...• .
Illinois •..•.•.•••....•. _..
lndiana .•• _•• ••.•.••. •. . _
Iowa . . .. . ••...•. . ...•• •..
Kansas .. ....•••...••. •.. .
46. 7 3. 449
863, 471 , 3 13 1
334 , 351. 719
134. 892. 006
141. M7. 4fi5
Kentucky . •.... ... . ..... .
Louisiana ... .. . . ..... ..•.
Maine .... .. •....... . .. ...
Mar yland . ••............ .
M assachusetts ....... .. . .
~:~~i~r~
150,616, 954
127,859. 685
39, 752. 301
103, 925, 758
376. 290. 54 1
97, 108. 567
48, 247, 3&I
$4 , 417, 005. 614
Per•
cent
3,364 , 429 I 52. 2
24 . 856, .585 1 5 1. 5
75. 530. 192 59. 7
IO I, I 13, 767 17. 7
46. 407, 320 36. I
Alabama...... .......... .
Arizona .... . ....•........
Arkansas ••.......... . . . __
California .......... . ___ ..
Colorado .. . .. ... . . . ...•..
I
I
I
448, 486
. 4 , 207
29,393.855
105. 567. 994
119. 000. ,'i04
91),
Publicly owned or
operated utlltti
Recreational facilities
(excluding buildings)
,- - - - - ~- - - - - -- - ~
40. 793, 22
I. 77 1, 164
6. 37 . 921
4 .393.208
60. 166. 13
1
46. 1
43. 3
41. 0
I 45. 9
.,12
9. 9
6. 2
8.6
7. 5
8. 0 I
6. S
!
I
I
Per•
cent
Amount
Percen t
,- - -- - - - -
.3
.8
9. 5
4. 0
3. 3
2. 5
$ 1, 160, 4 10,303
10. 2
9, 174 ,098
2. 120. 700
I, 439. 522
74.630, .559
10,803,666
4.4
1. l
13. 0
5. 7
.4
1 , 029, 174
2.51 . 089
,06 1. 15
, 659,004
14, 369, 006
14. 9
20. 0
9.7
11. 6
6.
11. 9
5. 9
ll. 3
I. 6 14. 679
11 2, 860. 630
24. 492, 26
6. 673,2 10
16, 17, 109
3.4
13. 1
7. 3
4. 9
11. 9
4,550, 325
99. 054 . 939
22, 77 .
16, 068, 122
, 383, 730
3, I 3. 650
18, 55. 310
I, 670. 732
4. 205, 463
31. 4~1. 032
1.8
12.9
4. 5
6. 2
6. 1
11, 11 , 448
10, 037, 02-l
• 4,251, 066
9,553, 709
72, 75,236
25, 2M, 03S
30,944,962
I , 52,399
18,066,333
4. 597. 017
5. 2
11. 2
17. 6
6.0
!1.0
6. 2
6.
H,0
H.l
14. 4
1.0. 1
3. 0
10. 2
5. 7
I. 5
5.4
6. 1
14, 864 . 792
12.3
5. 8
23.5
ll. 1
6. 1
35. 8
30. 4
9,776.2115
8()(J, 570
I. 0 15. 102
4 • 622. 407
13, 7 s 12
5. 2
10.0
26.
6,7 13.691
I. 705. 532
3,576,034
52, 254 , 117
2. 343, 106
5. 6
14 . 7
9. 7
11.8
301, 197, 376
.53. 167, 178
28. 346, 480
412. 805, 57
08. 270, 054
20.3
38. 2
42. 7
50. 8
49. 8
234 ,395, 448
17,618,86 1
, 501, 2IO
47, 703,711
'3 1, 234 . 367
15. 8
12. 7
12. 8
5.9
15. 8
233, 109, 454
7,776, 488
3,286,838
79, 223.38 1
5. 02 1. 052
15. 7
5. 6
5. 0
2. 5
198,49.~, 173
9,203. 704
3,550. 750
86,853.708
10,332.297
00.694. 15
843, 0 13.600
52, 600. 44 8
9,8 14 , 056
67,263. 23
35, 259,207
586, 342, 465
14 , 302, 687
37. 942, 727
32. 519,334
42. 3
8. 3
6.0
9. 3
17. 9
0. 2
4, 177. l07
56. 7
21.4
31. 4
44. 8
6, 906, 23
71. 31,63 1
6. 208. 133
21, 050. 304
6, 670. 286
53. 431. 24 5
7,568.228
2,631,563
2, JSR. 361
5. 0
5. 2
II. 3
2.2
3. 0
66, 553, 389
15, 068, 22
12, 501, 163
4, 139,686
125. 912, 021
223. 858. 27 5
4 . 24 . 700
15. 734. 26
60. 655. 553
84. 058, 101
131. 552. 059
16. 445. 083
9,865. 10 1
30, 165, 463
56. 8
41.4
27. 9
47. 3
32. 9
,837,072
34 . 752.551
. 620. 462
867. 176
8. 751. 430
6.0
l0.0
14. 6
4. 2
9. 5
3,
,838
12, 0 13, 742
2,028, 058
M6.692
3. 051. 6.
2. 6
3.8
3. 4
2.6
3. 3
4, 619. 676
19, 3.5H
8,517.351
2, 453, 917
7, 563. 771
Washington ...•. ....•.. •.
West Virginia . . ... .. •• •..
Wisconsin . . .... •. . •••• . •.
Wyoming . ...•.•.• ••• •. •.
142,890. 004
130,960.901
240. 4 72. I 38
14 . 733. 344
60,056, 353
J04. 42.5. 662
74,4 15, 198
7. 066, 908
34 . 1
02. 8
24. 0
35. 5
14 , ll22. 156
8,907. 335
28. 41 5, i77
1, 7 . 543
.0
5. 4
9. 6
9.0
14 . 256,964
2. 427. 745
4 ,056, 194
I. 358. 629
8. 1
I. 5
16. 1
6.
22,987,871
5, 449, 720
47, 088, 5
I, 424, 279
13. 0
3. 3
15.
7. 2
Alaska .•••.•••... ....... .
Hawaii .. ..••.•.•.... . ....
Puerto Rico .. . •... . .. •...
Vir(l:in L, lands .. . ... .. . . .
12,004,027
11 ,071 .742
6. 380. 647
48. 4
42. 3
3,261, 3
2, 645.842
24 .8
20. 6
495,857
11 3,621
3.
0.9
424,537
3. 2
UndlstrlbuLCd by state •
5.
t 1~t 1: I ~~: ~
5, 432, 729
r,.
8. I
6. 9
4. 5
9. 7
. 129
• lnclud", mpJ•IY fund adjustment and central om,.., projects.
(Continued on next page)
Digitized by
Google
670. 7
. ~. IX!4
49, 254.462
3, IJ.3, 319
6,84 , 981
300,369
13. 4
6. 6
5. 3
10. 7
5. 2
2
6. 4
22. 5
10. 4
5. 7
3. 1
6.1
L4. 4
IL
3
2. 3
117
APPENDIX
TABLE
XV.-AMOUNT OF WPA AND SPONSORS' FUNDS EXPENDED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BT
STATE AND BY MAJOR TYPE OF PROJECT-Continued
1941
Ct,!IIUUTIVJI TBROUOB JUNE :JO,
Division or Operstions--Concluded
State
Conservsllon
Airports BDd slrwsys
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,- _ Amount
Total.- .. -
J~~I- Amount I Percent
$273,6211,586.1
_-\Jabama
4,258.307 '
l,.'>47,977 I
I, 461, 0i2
23, 4S9, 311.'i 1
4,829,428 I
_-\rt,ona..
.-\rkansas. __
C'alirornia
Colorado_
Engineering surveys
BBDltBtlon
2.4, $422,842,162
3.i
2. 61
3.2
1. 2
4. I
3. 8
I, 773. 942
677,646
2,392, 194
40. 009, R36
8. i41. 290
I. I
1.4
I. 9
7. 0
6. 8
4,311,039
643,683
380, t\95
3,0fl0,:l&'i
115S, 981
3. 6
5.1
0. 8
2.1
O. 5
I Percent I
Amount
_$~._398:~6__!
I 6,572,092
Am~~1 Percent
I.9 1 $45,482,980
5111, 223
7,745
945,842
3, 153,021
I
302,089
1,386.623
2,394,912
I, 963,543
I, 720,652
4. I
2.9
I. 9
0. 3
I. 3
3,430,816
2'n,026
213,964
3,576,605
6,824,406
2. 8
1.8
0. 5
2.5
4.3
Other
I
I
Amount
Percent
0.4 _$200,866,517
1.7
o. 4
o. 3
424, 982
(A)
0. 7
0. 6
0. 2
170,269
994,008
10, 9Sk, 235
3,311, S06
0.4
0. 8
1. 9
2. 6
1,260,628
776,787
I, 098, 255
1,108,002
3,222,667
I. 0
6.2
2. 4
0.8
2.0
1
Connecticut ... _.
Ddaware
Di!'trict or ColumblB.
Florida_.--•-···•--·•
I
3.1
4,
377.
11,110,223,
3,496.505
io: ti
7.7
2. 2
3,780,642
8.18;
Georgia __ ····-······.
I
1!Jt~:~~
4,392,;>43
rn~~s: ::::::::::::::
Indiana .. -·--········
I
I
i
~~ ~t;::tf.1
Kansas_ ..... -·· .. . .
2,529,556
2,248, 15.1
Kentucky...........
Louisiana ...... --···
Maim•
MBrYland. ....
Mas.... achusetts .. -..
1,039,165
1,995,62.'i
4,72.5,355
2,009,300
i,.'i43.073
0.6 1
1.4
12.6
2.9 1
1.4
t)0S,11861
3,0,57,877
93r,,074
2,ms. ;'27
26,983,437 I
1._0
1 7 1
2.9 I
0. i
2.5 !
23,670,435 I
II, 307, 3S2
2,432,432 I
2.'i,050, iii
7,941,8691
2. O 1
2.9
2,660, 131
689,244
,
~·.!~·.o;oo~
l\Uc-hlil:an ... ---··-··· •
:'l.finn<>sota.. .......
~-'.• t',:•."'s...,: ,iss,urip1•.pl .. _··_·.·.·.·.·..·•·
:'l.fontans
, """ •
3,644,320
2,512,011
1,897,032
SehraskB.... .. .. . .
2. 445, MO
339,824
Nevada..
~:: f~r'h~i:e.·.·.:··
New Mexico
..
..., ew ,.
, or k . . . . . . .
'
~~;:!~ fi~,:l~a....
1
I
I
I
~:~~:i~ I
1
. ...
I
1,468.0&i I
4 •
"'•
201. 004 I
i
u:
I
7.6
4._ 8 ,
8 9 I
6,02-\180
745,920
3,592, 716
0.31
2.1
2._ s 1
3 9
~-- 2 _
2,961,7681
3,197,473
I
i
I
1i:~1:~~l
I
5,424,003
2.9
4. 3 I
7,484,975
j
i:~ I 1u::(\tt I
: •-~~:::::~
g~i~~ma ········· 1l:~~:1: !
u
or.. i;,on
4,0:ll.~,5
4.8,
':\¥!:::!~
tgfi1:~~'
iJ
~:~:~~ I
3.8'
I. 2
6.0
~·~
I
.
2,05~.0,'i6
12, HS. :182
18
~;:::.t'tt:i'iL::····
~~~~~ \;i:k~l~
8
.•
··-
I
TPX8S ...... ···---··....
Tenne~ee ... •--·······
Utah
···-··------·
i,.;rri1~L.::::::::::-·
\Vashlngton ..... ----·
1
5,615.10,
3. 84.5. !i21 1
2,UIS.,211
2.init
i
9, 103,0341
~~r.::o~f~inl~::::::::::
~~:m I
::::;~·:.::: :::::::
442.671
I
}!~;~":!Rico:·········- ··--i,088.2721
::::::,:~:t:
u
5.2
1
1
I
~-. 2 i
., 9
0. 51
u
6.5
1
18,391. ;14'
10.4
j
I
344,934
,
I
1.4 I
3. 91
i.8
I
I
,,..!!·,s,.,~, I
"""
.,
1,946·•·7·97
640,455
10,624,461
i, 771,044
1,849,365
2,308, 1180
322. 106
•1
~:g
6.8
I
j
1.8
o. 61
2. 6
1.6
2.2
1.5
0.4
2.0
2.8
69,983 1
3,992 1
I. 8
I
~:~tm
t~
g:; I
l,459,i39
1.8
I
~:~ I
g:
1
15,472,175
8,306,344
2,460,046
2,966
10.5
2. 6 1
4.2
5,074,997
571,963
II
~?~ i
·:::m I
1
392,478
2.~;~
0.1 'I
0. 3
0 ._1 I
0 1
0.3,
i,330,2211
5,911, 6i3
'r.4,240
8,538,692
918,451
1.5
2. 1
0.2
2.5
1.2
I
2, OM, 204
,572.219
1. 7
4.9
0.41
~:rJ:~~
6i6,454
I
38,940,434
g:~
O. 9
0 2
(A) ·
0.51
gJ
..
o_i-
i
0.3
I
g-i
I (A)
0.8
·1::~
?:~~:M:
g~:~
1
1
g:i
I
I
91.045:
459,131
413353 •. 531539
2.3
1.2
2.1
6.3
5.3
1
2,171,954
.... :• ~ ·.~\.::::::::
2. 6
gJ
i:~
2.6
i~
2.~iu~
A::
932,86.5
1,426,079
2,100,205
2. .593.578
950,442
0.6
o. 5
3.7
s.2.92
2,319,398
u
I
I0~,·.49861"o
0.6'
612,430
0.3
i:~
828,303:
0.3
it~:~
226,:li'O I
1.1
509,201
2.6
67,897
·····o:a
2.9
1
•
··--is-····· ...... ::.:::::: .. :::::::::::: :::::::::: ··•-.
1.3
::::::?373· :::?:: :::::?::~:: :::::::::: :::::::::::::: :::::::::: ::::::?~~. _:: : :~~~
1
bj· sblte
u
1.3
5. 5
(A)
I, 139,984
1
12,993,090
34
2.1
o. 5
4,045,744
I,792,,'i55
804,620
3,621,183
27,471,072
0.1
I
i:;
1.6
'
(A)
3,og:~:
I
213,12.5
4,900,013
2,841, 141
695,567
0.8 I
o._311
0
1.0 1
(A)
668,674
899, 'r.8
141,292
288,987 1
197,96.5
j
~:m::~
1
o. 2 I
0. 2
8.4
2.3
2.5
n3.7
0.1
o. 8
j
57,178
1,112,693
08,134
99,88.5
5,301,168
(A)
I
r.. 242,352
i::i:~
'r.0,538
1. 067, 279
288, 166
.....
I
f~ I 1~:~:~t
18J I
Uifil:~g~
g-~.
1,34U80
I
g:i I 5.4~:m
1,883.11291
5,446,661 1
4.IH4.:l2, I
I
10.61
1.!_)IJ•5.•i,,I
,.f;, o;o
2.21
I
~T
~i :,;\;~~:¼:~
8.3
9
4. O
1.9
7.5
10.5
,
;:~:~L
1.:1:~~~
1
8
A
I
497,5751
964,476
1. 6
. --···...
0.3
O. 6
1
1.3
I. 9
I. 6
Iowa .. __ . . .. .......
I, 792,543
~:~ I 1~:~:l I ~:~ 2.•~r:i~ I (A)0.3 ! o.~:~~
II
25,'r.6,001
6, 52'2, om
12. 640,321
I
I
Less thBll 0.05 percent.
(Concluded on next p111e)
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118
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XV.-AMOUNT OF WPA AND SPONSORS' FUNDS EXPENDED ON PROJECTR OPERATED BY WPA, BY STAT.IC
AND BY MAJOR TYPE OF PROJECT--Concluded
CUMULATIVE THBOUGU JUNE 30, 11141
Division of Community Service Programs
Puhllc
activities
State
Research and
records
Welfare (Including
sewing)
National
defense
vocational
training
Other
Total
.Amount
Per•
cent
------
Amount
Per·
cent
Amount
Per·
cent
Per•
cent
Amount
------
TotaL. ...... $2, 455, 634, 826 $735, 100, 052
6. 5 $4 28, 303, 044
3.8 $1, 157, 800, 599
10.2 $134,431, 131
Miscellaneous
~~- ---~~i
I. 2 $29, 995, 838
A
Percent
Amount
--0.1
o. 3 SIi, 097, 096
---
0.3
-0.9
0. 1
Alabama .........
Arizona ............
Arkansas ..........
California ..........
Colorado ......... . .
31,068,484
8, s.,.,, 248
22,384, 715
193, 604, 352
30,831,097
7,621, 116
3,212.157
4,362,099
64,575,358
1,429, s1e
4. 8
6, 7
3. 4
11.3
5.8
4,423,385
I, 145, 1)06
4, 181. ,103
23. 767,029
3,350,530
2.8
2. 4
3. 3
4. 2
2.6
16, 098, 572
4, 0.12, 575
13,343, 119
91, 160,25i,
19,005,647
10. I
8.3
10.5
15.9
14.8
2, 92.';, 411
465,510
497,994
14, 101, 707
1,0!5, 404
1.8
1.0
0.4
2. 5
0.8
244,895
70,023
133,«5
I, 823,987
340,436
0. 2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0, 3
443, RIJO
-431, 178
157, 34i
-50.006
233,081
Connecticut........
Delaware ...........
DLstrlct or Columbla. _........ _....
Florida .............
Georgia ............
21,463,822
3,624,214
8,218,777
1,019,423
6.8
8.1
4. 594, 708
317,319
3.8
2. 5
7,179,990
2,128,461
5.9
16.9
I, 470,347
159,011
1.2
I. 3
533,478
102,o.16
0.4
0.8
-28,5.16
4,012
16,152,790
39,217,374
39,078,38.1
3,608,192
9,462,833
8,699,768
7.9
6.5
5. 4
5,631.o.15
4,665,802
6,637,011
12. 3
3.2
4. 2
6,734,349
23,805,338
23,004,209
14. 7
16.4
14.4
179,214
I, 283,401
737,395
0.4
0.9
0.5
420,220
458,923
222. 1m
0.5
0.3
0.3
Idaho ..............
Illinois .............
Indiana ............
Iowa ...............
Kansas .............
5,968,414
197,642,407
47,641,163
23, 755, 194
26,968,862
I, 939,947
69,126,416
15,003,650
6,349,581
6,698,471
4. I
8.0
4. 7
4. 7
4. 7
«9, 246
39,o.11, 81,';
5,3.';0,378
4,m.,, 391
2,315,621
1.0
4.5
1.6
3.0
I. 6
3,544,384
79, 46.\ 195
23,347,616
12,420,900
17,526,542
7. 6
9. 2
7.0
9. 2
12. 4
0.1
1.2
0.9
0. 7
0.3
120,760
I, 649,212
670,482
121,449
164,919
Kentucky ..........
Louisiana ..........
Maine_
-------Maryland- .........
Massachusetts ......
31,378,999
29,866,087
5, 715,f,52
II, 409,333
155,159,746
8,912, 701
10,181,441
I, 196,169
3,926, 4i0
38,146,855
6.0
7.0
3.2
5.8
7.4
6,000,142
5,721,205
1,000,349
3,238, 6.'\8
30,097,428
3.4
3.9
2. 7
4. 7
5.8
16. 363,815
13,607,014
3,282,464
4, 138, 792
77,195,695
9. 2
9.3,
14.9
34,837
10,018, 9811
3,o.19, 489
940, 322i
428,218
I
102, 3411
356,427
236,670
105,413
9,719,768
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
1.9
429,892
400, i89
108. f,45
335, 740
I, 097, 224
Michigan.
Minnesota .........
Montana ----------
76, 1.,2, 368
59,760,914
3.1, 427,612
62,250,320
15,835,016
25,510,066
17,265,210
8,220,989
11, 147,372
3,876,468
5. 2
6.2
6, 5
3.3
5. I
18,900,870
14, 6.17, 656
4,493,839
10,434,375
2, 6i0, 935
3.11
5.3
3.6
3.1
3. 6
28,512,095
26,161.477
19,575, 6.19
37,087,281
9,229,396
5.9
9. 41
15. 5;
11.0,
12.21
3,220,337
I, 696,571
I, 13i, 145
3,581,292
58,217
0. 7
0.6
0.9
1. I
0. 1
2,160,487
289, 608 1
33.S, R911
559, 3341
83,574
0.3
58. 688,
0.2 -1,515,449
0.2
332, 6441
0.1
614,467'
-94 060
0. I
,
I
o. 2 -198,097
0.3
133,872
0.3
46, 75.SI
0.5
160,150
0.2 -119,561
I
0.4 -1, 087, 453
0.1
9, 0371
0.3
81,164
0.2
127,S.56
0. 1
-36,1391
Nebraska ---------Nevada_.
New HRmpsblre:::
New Jersey_ .......
New Mexico .......
24,093,397
2,782,692
8,049,599
118, 240, 724
6,627,076
7,629, 791
864,638
I, 380,637
28. 947,326
2,253, 153
6.3
7.4
3. 7
6.5
4. 4
3,894,523
430,494
962,282
26,152,901
508,200
3. 2
3. 7
2. 6
6.9
1.0
11,686,465
1,461,944
5,506,234
36,357, 120
3,830,334
9. 71
12.5,
15.0
8. 2]
7,4i
882,618
25,616
200,446
6, 783, 3771
35,389
o. 7
0. ~
0.5
I. 5
0.1
65,6631
8,208
164.242
1,026,054
54,673
0. I
0.1
0.5
0.2
0.1
New York_ .........
North Carolina.....
North Dakota......
Ohio ...............
Oklahoma..........
346, 788, 427 138, 184,640
36, 184, 935i 10,642, 139
12,653,348
3,620,008
139,637,621 43,081,889
35, 799, 580
7,514,431
9.3
7.6
5.5
5. 3
3.8
59,235,403
3,176,266
2,334, 797
25,578,317
3,344,692
4.0
2.3
3.5
3.1
1.7
ll5, 816,125
20,391, 720
6,o.19, 951
63,992,623
24,238,060
7. 8
9.1
7. 9
12. 3
33,552, 2591
1,974, 5101
6.'iS, .';921
6, 11!<4, 7921
702, 3971
2. 3
1.4
1.0
0.8
0.4
5,028, 746
246,944
70,674
I, 814,307
230, 6841
1.0
0.3 13, 9911, 103i
0.2 -703,890 -o.r.
-22, 213 (B)
0.1
0.2 -1, 687, fJOS! -0.2
0.1
-80,6301 (B)
Oregon .............
Pennsylvania ...•..
Rhode Island .......
South Carolina .....
South Dakota......
15,909,451
189, 433, 985
14,239,370
30, Rl8, 377
15,399,283
4,893, 7U
49,134,387
4,028, 002
8,544,629
2,945,450
5.9
4. 7
6.0
7.1
4.1
2, S.12, 752
37,583,911
I, 881,272
1, 140, 794
I, 791,429
3.4
3.6
2.8
0.9
2.5
7,723, ll7
96,400,308
8,185,328
19,417,004
II, 484,361
9. 3
9.3
12. 2
16.1
13.0
459,868
6,315,379
143, 81',8
I, 715,050
1,178, Ol3
0.6
0.6
0.2
1.4
1.6
483,0091
2,689,564
125,692
36-1,387
64, 752
0.6
0.3
0. 2
0.3
0.1
Tennessee..........
Texas ..............
Utah ........•••.•..
Vermont ..••....•.•
Virginia ............
21, ,39, 529
93,072,001
10,485. I 74
5,048,962
30,535,541
4,914,289
19,457,486
3,791,049
1,505,054
7,599, 725
3.3
6.2
6. 4
7. 2
8.4
3,164,517
11,227,351
1,365, r,,o
1,437,675
5,698,285
2. 2
3. 5
2.3
6.9
6.2
12,843,301
60, S.16. 755
5,311, 9i9
2,009,910
15,742,995
8. 7
19. I
9.0
9. 7
17. 2
517,422
0. 4
1,550,409
0. 5
16,487 (B)
96,323
0.4
1,494,536
1.6
507, 163\
646,059
381,673
19,680
351,796
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.4
0.1
1~f:'.:1
-70, 578 -0.l
0.1
21.9191
196, 170
0.2
Washington ........
Wost Vtr~lnla ......
Wisconsin_. -----Wyoming .. ---••--
33,100,873
2..\ 981, 4881
57,224, 128
4,1185,8821
9,253,776
8,874,564
17,710,875
I, 274,687
5.3
5. 2
5. 9
6. 4
6,442,237
2,391,067
17,626, 100
697,859
3. 7
1.4
5.9
3.5
15,620, 792
14,275,307
18. 379, 6S6
3,013,336
8.9
8.6
6.1
15. I
I, 784,0ffS
345,484
686,087
I, 418,090
160,675
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.8
-119,0581 -0.1
-2..14, 7581 -0.1
-228, 370 (B)
32, 233! 0.1
20, 743 100 0
20, 7431
1,065,538
333,396
2.5
1 140 568•
78,329
0.6
' 26: 2141 ·••······· ......
260,662
48,348
4,015
m~~~.1'1:::::::::
Alaska ....
----Ilawail _ ... ---Puerto Ri<'O
Vlr~in Islands_.::::
Un<llstributed by
state c
--------
-
5,637,764 ..................
::~i
I
14. 7
<?7']
-- ---------270,230
201,250
2.0
2.1
0. 4
1,013,891
7.9 ...... 22,19111
15.3 ----------- --- ------
...
----------- ------ --------------
------
1.0
0.3
I.I
----
440,550
--------- 31,592
1.6
5,637, 7J
0.2
1.0
130,888
84. 7
·-·
---------------------
-
..
(B)
0.2
(B)
(B)
-60,331· -0.1
-141,9191 -0.1
293,230
0.2
811,242,
-11,2441
:at, 108
3&9,126
147,5771
196,083
-330, 5951
-49,SMi
-125, 7081
-84,990
0.1
-0.2
0. I
o. 5
-0.1
-0.l
0.1
0. 1
0.2
(B)
-0.2
(B)
0.1
(B)
-0.1
0.1
(B)
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
(B)
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
(B)
......19,932-1- 0.1
.... ~96'. ~98
u
1
--·
I
- -·· 220,31151····.
------~
I
• Includes a,ljustments !or excess of <leposits In the supply fund over payments out of the supply fund and for items in transit to control accounts
and sponsors' e~penditures for land, land leHses, easements, and rights<tf-way.
" Lt~ss than 0.05 pt•rc-cnt.
Includes supply fund adjustment am! central ollice projects.
Source: Work Projects Administration.
C
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119
APPENDIX
TABLE XVI.--AMoUNT OF WPA AND SPoNsoas' FUNDS ExPENDF:D ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY STATE
AND BY MAJOR TYPE OF PROJECT
YEAR ENDING 1UNJ: 30, 1941
I
State
Division or Operations
Orand total
Total. ... . ........ ... . .... $1,787, 045, 332
Highways, roads,
and streets
Total
Public buildings
Rooreatiooal
facilities
(excluding
buildin gs)
Publicly owned
or operated
uti.lltics
Amount
Per•
cent
Amount
Per·
cent
Amount
Per•
cent
Amount
Per•
cent
$1, 326, 154, 584
$680, 745, 216
38. 6
$188, 778, 727
10. 6
$85, 4 77, 970
4.8
$194,876,686
10. 9
'fornla .. ............ . .... . . .
Colorado .... . .. ... .. ..... .. ....
27, 056,935
7,272, 697
21,210,6 18
60. 518, 363
14 ,465, 703
17,286.5 10
4,267.049
l6, 494 , 252
18, 431 , 429
6. 824,342
50.5
50.4
62.0
20. 1
35. 0
4,476, 185
943, 154
2, 541 , 63 1
l3, 927,531
2,655,262
13. 1
11.2
9.6
15. 2
13.6
376,792
4J, 013
202, 077
4, 119,808
728,089
1.1
Arlt:ansas • . ................ .....
34,236, 423
8,461, 900
26,501. 888
91. 707. 020
19,503,392
1, 663, Ol5
468,372
323, l66
10,806,287
I, 752, 202
4.8
5.5
1.2
11.8
9. 0
Connecticut ...... •.•.. .•. . •. ...
DeJa,,.· are .... .. .... . .. ... ..... ..
District or Columbia ..•.. .... .•.
Florid a . .. .............. ...... . .
Georgia . . ..... .. ...... .........
15, 737, 768
2, 791,355
10, 098, 214
32, 294,964
34 ,26 1,909
11,83 1, 606
1,087,09 1
6,630,82 1
24,088,612
25, 183,943
4,409. 846
438,546
42i, 036
7,781.807
16,950,462
28.0
15. 7
4. 2
24. I
49. 5
1,870, 108
827,094
1,029, 4 2
7,095,991
2, 714,328
11. 9
29. 6
10. 2
22. 0
7. 9
934,072
120, 144
117,516
276,889
479, 878
1.2
0.9
1.4
2,451 , 142
329, 904
1, 538,487
1, 189,667
1, 789,0M
15. 6
11.8
15. 2
3. 7
5. 2
Idaho .. .... ... . .............. . .
Illinois ............ .. . . .. . ......
Indiana . . ... ................ . ..
low-a ..................... ......
Kansas ....... ........... .... . . .
8,600, 712
127, 417, 850
43. 667,018
23,752,098
21, 619,409
7, 582,030
86,081, 758
33, 419,426
10,344,915
16, 792, 090
3,010, l ll
45, 809, 563
21, 073.311
11, 678,374
8,677,089
34. 7
36.0
50. 3
49. 2
40. 1
817, 100
7,254,810
3, 856, 215
2,262, 222
2,288,1 55
9. 4
5. 7
8.8
9.5
10. 6
244 ,246
10, 676,847
1,3 14, 116
508,447
2,315,286
2. 8
8.4
3. 0
2. 2
10. 7
984, 466
15,681, 027
3,678,20 1
2,714,470
I, 820, 172
11.3
12. 3
8.4
11. 4
8. 4
fo~y~:~:::::::::::::::::::::
Maine . ... .. .... . . ... . .. .. ..... .
31 ,344,356
25,127,983
7,955,965
12, 752, 708
78,493,082
24, 94,932
18,432, 721
6,701, 445
10,463,8 18
53,593, 140
16, 050,308
9,838,684
2, 395, 721
4,278,059
19, 856, 7$5
54 . 1
39. 2
30. I
33. 5
25. 3
3, 376, 762
2, 731 , 396
339,036
I, 116, 115
8,626, 565
10. 8
10. 9
4. 2
8.8
11.0
186, 183
1,216,210
76, 235
178, 441
3,951,838
0.6
4.8
0.9
1.4
5.0
I, 085. 254
I, 673,081
378, 450
I. 204,094
12,362. 365
6. 3
6. 7
4.8
9. 5
15.8
70,948,874
42, 803.484
26, 954, 11 7
56,963, 103
11, 531.317
51,600, 976
32,365,633
10,747, 866
43,450,884
8, 673, Ill
34,083,961
14, 534 , 016
11 ,882.189
27,330,599
4, 172. 105
48. 0
34. 0
44. 1
4 .o
36. 2
3,167,319
5, 182.408
2,251,826
5, 95 1, 016
1. 092. 856
4. 5
12. 1
8. 4
10.4
9. 5
I, 084, 340
3, 486,939
224, 181
2,213, 797
378, 795
2. 8
8. l
0.8
3.9
3. 3
9,384, 125
5, 674, 700
921,694
5, 767,822
489,095
13. 2
13. 2
3. 4
IO. I
4. 2
~::
}!~~f~~~--~:::::::::::::
e w M exico ..... .... . ...... ...
22, 843,906
1,944,939
6. 28 1. IOI
65,240, 100
11 ,047, 967
18,260,406
I, 364,729
4, 84fi, 345
46, 053.0 15
9, 55.5. 274
11 , 039,878
628,946
I, 267,191
21 , 08 1, 807
2. 881. 03 1
48. 3
32. 3
20. 2
32. 3
26. 1
2,531,525
189, 407
462, 384
6,531 , 751
3,279, 400
11. l
9. 7
7. 4
10. 0
29. 7
659,091
192,237
386, 762
4,394,999
178,623
2. 9
9.9
6. 2
6. 7
1. 6
2,783,001
134,384
I , 688,326
8, 670,490
850,614
12. 2
6. 9
26.9
13. a
7. 7
N ew York . . ... . . . ..... . .......
ortb Carolina . ........ . .... . . .
ortb Dakota ... .......... _....
Ohio . ................ . .. .. .....
Oklahoma..... . .. . ............ .
168, 000, 036
36,642, 206
11 ,027,253
107,002,011
32. 787, 246
123,685, 710
28, 652,4 18
8,881,007
81 , 267, 148
23. 000, 179
41 , 315. 418
17,434 , 994
5,080, 960
55,480, 70 1
13,383. 920
24. 6
47.6
46. 1
51.8
40.8
24,816,271
4,529, 108
I, 535,858
2,532,342
5,600, 735
14.8
12. 4
13. 9
2.4
17. 1
19,230,864
952,539
381, 738
6,254,943
459, 787
11.4
2. 6
3. 5
5. 8
1.4
28,486, 142
2, 605,642
539,377
12,492.087
I. 23 1,006
16.9
7. 1
4. 9
II. 7
3. 8
Oregon .. ... ... . .. ...... . . ... ...
Pennsylvania .. .......•.... . ...
Rhod e Island . . _..... .. . . ......
South Carolina .. .. ... ... ... .. ..
E3outb Dakota . ..... . ........ . . .
13, 968, 173
130,887, 473
11 ,065. 933
28,584,341
10, 399. 428
11, 087,20 1
106, 189, 365
8, 111). 106
22,389,922
7. 856. 296
5, 701 ,622
68, 519, 136
2. 547,081
7, ~15. 660
4, 517. 280
40. 8
49.0
23. 0
27. 3
43. 4
I, 443, 229
13,784,830
446,308
4,952, 004
I, 356. 964
10. 3
9.8
4. 0
17. 3
13. 0
352,469
6,054, 802
745. 848
254 ,513
193, 257
2.5
4. 3
6. 8
0. 9
1.9
1, 92'2,461
11,240,226
3. 764,330
7,561,300
608, 209
13. 8
8. 0
34. 0
26.5
5.8
l'enncssee ... .... . .. . ..... ... . . .
"'Te,as ........ •.• ....•. ....• ....
'lJtah .... .. . . .. ..• .•.. . . . .•.....
Vermont .. . . . .• ••••••...•• ...•.
Virginia . . .. .........••.........
28, 613,006
68,964. 708
11,862,880
3, 400,326
18,728,406
23,634 , 084
47,085.682 1
9,496.882
2,308,936
12. 733, 347 1
16, 727, 713
27, 865,3 19
3. 043, 100
I, 430. 409
7. 296. 263
58. 6
40. 4
25. 7
42. I
39.0
1,807, 118
0, 714 , 47
1,4 2, 166
80, 3fi2
I, 763. 700
6.6
14 . I
12. 5
2. 4
9. 4
378,4 12
1,807,692
208,891
58,959
181, 133
1. 3
2. 6
1. 8
I. 7
1. 0
975,633
4,451,254
2. 063, 224
393,64 1
2,000,29 1
3. 4
6. 5
17.4
11.6
10. 7
Washington . .... ...•. ... ••.... .
W est Virginia ..... .... . . . ... . ..
Wisconsin . ... _.. _._ .•...... _...
Wyoming . . .. . ......... .. ..•.. .
28,963, 347
30,066, 004
46, 700. 149
2, 618.809
23,363,375
24 . 199,698
34 , BIO, 508
I, 628,566
6,035, 534
18, 4 2, 221
13,655,505
833,876
I 6 1.5
24 . 0
2,027, 175
1, 364,586
4, 577, 34
313. 637
7.0
4. 5
0. 8
12. 0
79,126
529,843
4,246, 664
47,449
3.0
1.8
9. 1
1. 8
4, 207, 051
824, 138
7, 603,3 18
238,564
14. 8
2. 7
16. 5
9. 1
Hawaii. .. .... . . . .. .. ... . . .. ..••
Puerto Rico ...... ........ . ....
Virgin Islands . .. . ..............
I, 081, 386
11 ,072.632
I, 806,502
9, 405,940
577,035
2,583. 73
29. 1
23. 4
10,791
80,378
0. 5
0. 7
62, 700
267, 28
3.2
2.4
Alabania ............ ..... .. .. ..
Arir.ona . .. ................. . . ..
~~~~itii.·::::::::::::::::
~1~i~~a: : : ::::::: : ::::::::::
~~~f~I:::::::::::::::::::::
Montana .... ... . . _... . .... .... .
e braska .. .. . .... ..... ..... ...
Nevada ... ...... . ... .......... .
Und istributed by state • .. _... _
I
29. 2
31.9
I
8 16, 509 41. 2
4, 179, 004 1 37. 7
!.~::,:::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
--------- ------- --- -- ------
o. 5
0. 8
4. 5
3. 7
5.9
4. 3
---- -- -- - - - - --
-- --- -- --- -- --
• Includes supply fund adjustment and central office projects.
(Continued on ne•I J)Qlle)
Digitized by
432810°--42- --9
Google
120
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XVI.-AIIOUNT OF WPA AND SPONSORS' FUNDS EXPENDED ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY ST.ATS
AND BY MAJOR TYPE OF PROJECT- Continued
YSAR ENDING JUNK
30, UM!
Division or Operatlo~Concluded
State
Airports and airways
Amount
Total.............
Alabama...............
Arizona................
ArkBD"8S ............. _.
cauromia._............
ColoradO.-·•·······-··-
Percent
Conservation
Amount
Engineering surveys
Sanitation
Percent
Amount
Percent
$611, 777, 09'l
3. 9
$44, 4111, 971
2. 6
Pl, 993,834
I. 2
l-----+---1-----1-----l-----J---2,100.221
6.3
432,269
1.2
441,3118
1.3
1, 30-1, 487
15. 4
27, Zi9
0. 3
200, 760
2. 4
946,761
3.8
225,644
0.8
111,321
0.4
6,463,0Zi
6.0
5,342,787
5.8
41,746
(")
1,495,365
7. 7
359,764
1.11
Zi2,007
I. 2
Connecticut_.__________
1,174,347
7.6
Delaware. _____________________________________ _
District or Columbia.__
3, 245, 364
32. 2
Florida.------------·--6,756,525
20.9
Oeorgia ___ •• --·-·····-1,486,263
4.4
276, '.116
102, 480
l,7Zi
197, 669
145,736
1. 8
3. 7
(A)
o. 6
0.4
171, 761
I, 102,076
377, 769
30, 791
K80"8ll ..•••••••••••••••
24. 0
I. 0
2. 0
2. 8
2. 2
486,364
2. 0
0.11
0. 9
0. I
2. 3
Kentucky .. ·-·········.
Louisiana ...•••••••...•
Maine .
Maryland ..•••••••....
M8SS8chll9etts ..•.•....
4111,700
I, 262,421
3,348, 761
I, 400, 763
2, 763; 391
1.3
6.0
42. I
11.0
63, 027
0. 2
238, 390
o. 7
3. 5
I, 910,886 I
2.4
Michigan._.·-·········
Minne.sot& .....•.•.....
Mls.sls.slppl ..•.••.•. _••.
M lssourl. .... _.•.•.•.•.
MontRUa ....•.•..•••.•.
1,216,165
1,440,646
1,853,366
242,881
935,009
I. 7
3.4
6. g
0.4
8. 1
976,932
1,58/l, 156 I
690, fi,3
I, 281. 855
I, 343,416 '
I. 4
Nebraska .........•....
Nevada ..........••....
New Hampshire.··-···
Now Jersey ........... .
Now Mexico.········-·
602. 196
2. 2
6. 4
12.5
0.6
5.2
251,069
19, 0,59
83,590
2,193,211
1. 354, 982
New York ............ .
North Carolina•...•....
North Dakota....••....
Ohio ..
Oklahoma .. _•.••••••...
2,286,583
I, 710,928
468, 2Zi
1.4
4. 7
4.2
2. 9
2. 3
663,785
890, 163
4.6
0.4
1. 3
1. 9
1.8
601, 605
3, 645, 994
174, 121
30,761
601,371
4. 3
2. 5
1.6
0.1
425,386
I, 075, .~79
639, 1911
72, 136
208, 233
4,959, IZi
198,811
2, 658. 068
71,488
IZi, 757
783,11118
367,900
575,548
3,115, 706
751,079
Oregon···-·····•······
Pennsylvania ......... .
Rhode Island ..•....•..
South Carolina..•...•..
South Dakota......... .
645,210
512,897
144,817
Tenn-......•...•...
Texas .. ··-··-········Utah .....•••....••••..
Vermont .....•...••••..
Virginia ...•••••.•••••••
645, Zi5
I, 524,477
775,679
2. 3
2. 2
10.4
I. Ii
4.1
Wa.•hlnp:ton .....••••••.
West Virginia ...••••••.
Wisconsin _____________ _
Wyoming ....••••••••..
3,732,215
1,048, IOI
545,1159
107,062
12. 9
3.6
I. 2
4.1
539, li80
186,8911
I, 238,205
52,290
Hawaii
.....•..•...•
304,015
Puerto Rico............
1,981,889
Virgin blands.......... ..••••••......
438,850
75,640
I, 394, 847
1
738,()3.1
339. f\58
436,337
Leu than 0.06 percent.
,
'
,
408,830
10. II
149, 109
17,634
2. 6
2. 3
11. 7
I. I
1. 2
24, 8112
13,648
40,465
1,945,253
0. 1
-------·-----1
I, 877,222
335,195
134,363
337,129
62,643
7,882
111,494
1.2
0. Ii
0.4
L7
72,871
784,641
61,312
179,975
38,621
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.8
111,060
203,251
33,866
0. 1
0.8
0.4
1, 11118. 158
660,198
1,318,831
1. 7
742,390
2,784,845
113,978
250,577
25.641
95,472
39,~18
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
764,166
210,190
21,074
Zi2, 247
87,594
28,305
0.1
0.2
0.3
1.3
1.0
127. 312
1. 2
····c,.·,-·7. 0
0. 6
1. 2
1. 5
745,563
927,939
163,844
219,019
562,548
o. 5
I. 5
o. 2
1. 7
:m, 779
I, 199,131
165,161
743,091
393,545
I. 5
0.11
1.5
2. 6
3. 8
69,015
964,774
27,272
0.6
0. 7
0.3
73,563
0. 7
1. 6
I. 6
5.4
2. I
I. 1
2, 4411,409
8. 6
116,520
89. 735
93,028
0.4
0.1
0.8
17. I
0. 7
5. 7
2. 8
118,791
1,558,069
4.8
775,377
131,408
2,966
325,099
20II. 855
598
2.5
2,001,263
45,984
I
313,894
21. 773
1.1
1.1
0.1
1. 7
5, Zit
o.4
252,m
1.2
0.1
(A)
0. 3
0.1
(Ay··o.9
~: ······ua;m· ----o.i;
(")
2.5
0. I
0.2
0.1
1.8
0. 8
1.2
I. 9
6.0
o. 4
2. 7
0.7
4.7
6,706
199.342
42,878
438,101
73,621
801,065
213,085
0. 9
1. 7
117,485
131,509
254,830
190,696
0.6
1.3
3,864
---- ---------
2. 1
336,874
461,265
(A)
21,649
8119. 996
107,500
I. 3
3. 4
12. 3
0.2
0.2
0.8
1. 6
(A)
(•)
2. 7
I. 0
0.4
I
S22, 436, 238
0. II
... ·····- .............. .
53,836
0.2
s.a
2..6
0.7
6.8
a.a
1. 1
o. 5
0. I
o. 4
0.7
152,445
1,141,800
114,485
0.5
1. 1
2.4
!.8
1.0
4,065,572
105,626
48. 121
422,119
99,078
0.3
0.4
0.4
0. 8
20,442
143,811
367,575
103,268
493.013
25,208
18,658
681,771
697,661
218,083
177,628
1111,540
193,929
9711,870
15,892
2.4
1.0
0.3
0.9
1. 7
0.8
0. 1
1.0
6.0
6. 4
1.0
0.1
0.1!
2.1
0.6
16.4 ...........
. ......... -•··········· .. ....... ...••.••....•• ..•••••••.
86,392
LB
17.11
18,578
0.2
317,355
2.9 .•.•••.•...... ...•••.•••
67,044
0.1
··--·········· .....•.... .•.•••••.•....
•••••••••••..•
. ••••.••••.....•••••••••
Und~trlbuted by state ...•••••.•.....•••••••••..............
A
'
I
I. 7
1. 0
8. 7
0. 5
272, 131
2, Ollli, 264
1,325,860
848, 586
665, 934
470, 197
Amount
195,683
3,975
325,301
440,409
80,908
2. 0
I. 4
0.2
I. 8
3.1
2. 2
2. 5
2. 9
3. 7
2.11
Percent
SIi, 648, 842
317, 179
38, 314
16,393
591, 486
1,055,476
189,516
3,247,592
I, 266,945
8615,601
621,785
Idaho._-··············Illlnol•. -···············
Indiana._ ••.•••••••..••
Iowa ...••..•••••••••••
Amount
Other
-·---------------------
(Concluded on next page)
Digitized by
Google
121
APPENDIX
TABLE XVI.-A11ouNT OF WPA AND SPo:s-soRs' FuNDs ExPENDED oN PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA, BY STATE
AND BY MAJOR TYPE OF PKon:cT-Concluded
YBAB ENDING ]UNI: 30, 19U
-
-
Division ol Community Service Programs
Public activities
State
Re.search and
records
Welfare (includ•
ing sewing)
--
-
-- -
National defense
voci1t!onal
training
Other
--
-
~
Miscellaneous
A
Total
Amount
Total. ............
$434, 379, 77S $138, 932, 157
Per•
cent
Amount
Amount
Per·
cent
Amount
4.1 $215,178,549
12.0
$7,848,005
2. 4
10.4
6. 1
12. 4
16. 3
13.8
854,400
1.8
3.6
3.4
3. 2
3,573, 732
562. 220
3,311,344
14,928,876
2,687,260
605,896
46. 449
1, 2115, 2119
863, 7r.17
1,566,6.10
3.8
I. 7
12.5
2.6
4. 6
I, 598,435
376. 43-1
I, 293. 997
5, 16[,, 039
5,129,492
10. 2
13. 5
12.8
16. 0
15.0
4. 1
II. 2
7.9
5. 2
6.3
H,195
7,689,136
957. a:l8
~:2il1
0.5
6.0
2. 2
2. 7
1.5
I, 929, 8291
2,000. 9131
214,404
no, 948
5,670,924
6.2
8.0
2. 7
5.8
7. 2
I, 324, 685I
1, 29b, tr,ol
107. 614
4fi6. 6!l6
4,915,559
17,509,370
10, 3~7. 99S
6,902,219
12,885..'i-10
2,000,904
6,753,053
3, 62'2, 6116
l, 802, :itii
3,555,868
717,8.151
9.5
8.5
6. 7
6. 2
6. 2
I, 519, 1371
~~S:i~::::::::::::
4,520, 0211
581.986
1,251, 42tl
18,314, lf,O
I, 523. 000
218, o<J2
6,394.297
435,536
New York_ .. __ -···---_
North Carolina ______ .. _
N ort.h Dakota.....•. _..
Ohi~
Ok 1,-homa_··-··-·--·-··
39,531,389
8,418.525
2,078, 141
24.054,4:J9
9,545,043
2,444.314
Alabama_ ....•.••.••...
Arizona ________________
Arkansas._ •....•.•... __
California ..•••........ _
Colorado_ ...... _.... ___
6,990,866
1,366,806
5, :1r.o, -1:ltl
29,671, 226
4,676,624
Connecticut __ ._ ..... _..
Delaware·---·-------·Di~trict of Columbia ...
Florida _____ ···········Oeoritia .......•.... --·-
1,734,422
f\-19,029
7.8 $72, 420, 164
Percent
Sou--ih Carolina... ----·Sou th Dakota...•••. ___
-0.1
6. 5 ---------- 689,624
13. 4
360, /i03
10.6
II. 3
54,907
14. 3
30,262
----0.5
120,700
I, 649,212
670,482
121,449
164,919
1. 4
1. 3
1.5
0.5
0.8
20,009
0. 2
-15, 609 (B)
177,932
0.4
-331, 70~ -1.4
-146, 200 -0. 7
4. 2
5. 2
2.5
3.6
6.2
3, 105, \138/
2,922, 5591
680,781
701,953
12,542, 7781
9.9
11.6
8.6
5. 5
16.0
3,609
6,887
9,415
24,468
549, 798
1. 4
1.6
1. 4
2.6
-344, 529 -LI
0.1
0. 2
0. 7
429, 8021
400, 789
108, 6451
335, 740
I, 097, 224
2,793,148
2,091,813
941, 1fi8
2,169, :JOI
570, 700
3.9
4. 9
3. 5
3. 8
5.0
7, 6.14, 1001
4,537. 906/
4,032, 1561
6,821, 760,
1,611,8.15/
10.81
10. 61
14. 9
12.0
14.0
329, oool
0.5
13.5, 613/
0.3
126, 428j
0. 5
338,512
0.6
5341 (BJ
2, lfl0,4871
289, fl08
335,891
559, 3.14
83,574
6. 7
8.9
3. 5
9.8
3.9
686, 2011
95. 92.o
120, :!Zl/
4, 799, 7991
129,816
3.0
4. 9
1.9
7. 4
1.2
2,063,6291
306. 182
911, 42,5
7,022, l03
958. 548
9.0
).~. 7
14. 5
10. 7
8. 7
251,054
8,073
1,586
97,961
14,247, 707
3,243.479
68r.. 297
8,403, 9r.tl
2,062, 181
8.5
8.9
6. 2
7. 9
6. 3
8, 6211, 475
738,375
271,988
4, 188, f;26
7i8, 117
5.1
2.0
2. 5
3.9
2. 4
16,548,250
4,087, 7\~l
982, 194
10,991,487
6. 611,403
9.8
II. 2
8.9
10.3
20.1
108,957
348,875
138,662
470. 370
93,342
982, 82il
10,743.887
790, 744
1,725,024
652, 8331
7.0
7. 7
7. 1
6.0
6. 3
332,663
5,841.483
393, 719
2.4
4. 2
3.6
0.5
3.6
1,073.832
14,978,484
1, ii I, 511()
4, 0.10, r,zi
1,534, 12111
7. 7
10. 7
15. 5
14. I
14.8
54,991
49,915
24,066
19,372
10,425
704, 3,57
2,074.984
209,916
254,014
845,484
2.4
3.0
1.8
7.5
4.5
2,828, 6991
13, 11s, m,ol
1,038, fi08j
387,540
2,947, 2'2'11
9.9
19. 1
8. 7
11. 4
15. 7
2,756, 1891
2,512,464
3,169,873
468,644
2, 772
845,354
~;:fs~~::::::::::::::
J\.faine_
2, 9211, f),S9
5, 9(1.5, :!46
2,575, 701
zn
569, 727
17, 0,5:l, 767
4,615.018
2, fi84, 8711
3,089, 5r.11
6,364,061
6,
509
I, 102. 214
I, 9:10, 0115
23, 010, o.59
31,613, 769
-56,
-----------------42,443 -0.4
353,991
14, 25g_ 962
3,466,319
I, 23-1, f,3.o
1,368,445
Pen
nsylvruiiS:~========
Rhcllodt• I-land .. --·····-
0. 7
3. 7
2. 2
1.3
1.3
007, 913
39,702,489
9,399, 178
4,618, :l39
4,808, flOO
OreRon_
1. 7 -$3,484,86.5 -0.2
2. 5
533,478
102,036
222, 703
420,220
458,923
Idaho.-············-··Illinois---·-··········-Indiana .•... ·-·····-·-·
~==-
0. 4 $29, 995, 838
1. 1
1.6
0. 7
0.3
0. 2
6.11
8.3
6.5
6. 2
6.2
1, 08(1, 075
I
Per•
cent
169,415
45,424
73,914
87, 774
84,360
I, 037, 195
233,021
6.53, 9.\3
2,008,309
2,130,036
Michigan_ .. ·----···--J\.finnesotB .. _·--··-··-l\.lississippL .... ---···J\.lissourL ······- --·- ___
Montana ___ ·-··-------N ebniska ...• _. ________
Nevada.-----··----•--·
New Hampshire ..•. ___
Amount
o. 6
0.4
3,410,941
701,328
3,287, 1:ia
8,124,879
8,910,518
Maryland ___ ------··-·Massachusetts .. -····-·
Percent
543,876
70,377
ll,053, 931
1,298,500
828,222
155,557
967, 3f,0
3, IH, 543
620,481
22.,.
Amount
244,895
70,923
133,445
1,823,987
340,436
5.1
7. 7
4.1
12.0
6.6
Iowa.--················
Kansas..••..••••.•• _...
Per•
cent
171,8061
Tennessee_··········-·-
Te"-aS - - - -- ----- ---- -- Ut,-h
Ver-mont·-······-······
Vlr-ginia_ -··--·····-·--.
4,843,952
20,271, .512
I, 995, :J37
I, 036, 20tl
5,646,459
1, 110.:rn1
4.1
4,985. 92'2 1 7.2
746. 81:!
6.3
381. 4&5 11.2
1, 53S, 649
8.2
Washington_---··-···-·
West Virginia_·····-···
Wisconsin .. -._·-····-._
Wyoming ..• ·-·--·-·-·-
5,291.547
5,399,629
10,697,202
799,992
1,002,014
2,268,118
3,677, 782
247,818
HawaiL. _----·-·-···-·
Puerto Rico ----··· ____
Virgin Islands ___ -·· ____
123, 3..53
83,617
966, r,os
78,329
6,9651-··--··-···-
Undistributed by state c.
138, 5291 _•• _. _•• ___ •
6. 5
7.5
t:!0,·127
378. 314
599. 900
Ba, 530
2.1
1.6
6. 5
3. 2
4.2
36,964
1.9
0. 7
42,825
0.4
7.9
9.5
498,833
3,071,86.1
----------------757 (B)
------ ----------- ------ ------------ ---------------------------
(BJ
(B)
3.4
-248, 52fi -2.9
-112, 611 -0.4
-300,5.'i'l -0.3
20,629
0.1
-38, 257 -0.2
-338, 747 -1.0
-291,385 -0.8
1.4
68. \l6t
43,661
23, 145
124,559
0. 3
0. 5
0. 2
0. 2
3.0
0. 7
1.2
1.0
0. 7
-411, 959
-239, 7:,5
-31, S.59
H7.:H5
-126, 272
-0. 6
-0. 6
-0.1
0.1
-I.I
65,663
8.208
164,242
1,0211, 054
54,673
0.3
0.4
2.6
I. 5
0.6
-2, 184 (B)
-9, 984 -0. 5
IQ, 088
0. 3
-153, 129 -0. 2
-85,880 -0. 8
0.1
0.9
1.3
0.4
0.3
5,028, 746
246,944
70,674
1,814, :l07
230,684
3.0
0.6
0.6
1. 7
0. 7
-155, 809 -0.1
-675, f,81 -1. 8
-3. 469 (B)
-133, 88-1 -0.I
11, 3-10 (B)
0.4
o. 2
0.1
0.1
48.1, 009
2,689 . .'i4l4
12.5, f\92
364,387
64, 752
3. 5
1.9
1.1
I. 3
0-6
-46, 351
-605, 225
-98, 954
-75. 314
-97, 321
0.5
0. I
---------------13,257
0.4
318, 104
1. 7
507, 1r,1i
646, ().191
381, 67:1'
19. 6801
3,51, 7061
1.8
0. 9
3. 2
0.6
1.9
-372, 193 -1. 3
61, 4/\S
0. 1
-11,1)12 -0.1
35,414
I. 0
-3, 106 (D)
0.1
0.4
1. 7
345,4841
68fi, 087
1,418. O!J01
160,675,
I. 2
2.3
3.0
6.1
-37,0.'\9 -0.1
-219, 320 -fl. 7
-216, 651 -o. 4
29,576
I. I
------------ ---------------------6,965 100.0
31, 5921
130,888
1.6
I. 2
1.1
0.4
(BJ
0.2
------------ ------
(H)
140, 5211
32,526
33,444
9.5
8. 4
120. 214
6.8
777,684
17. 9 ·-·-··--··-·
0.1
7.6
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.8
0.5
2.0
1. 7
------
19,939
479, 287
-0. 3
-0. 4
-0. 9
-0. 3
-0. g
1. 0
4. 3
-··-·. -. ---1- -.... ------------ -----138,529 ------ ··--·-----•1-----·
1,398, 18.1 ------
A lnclud~• adjustrr1ents for excess or deposits in the supply fund over payments out of the supply fund and for items in transit to control accounts
and sponsors expC'rnhtures for land, land lease..~. easements, and ri~hts-of-way.
8
Les..~ t:han 0.05 J)('!rcent.
c Includes supply fund adjustment and central office projects.
Source: Work Projects Administration.
Digitized by
Google
-
TABLE XVII. - - PHY!I ICAL A ccoMPLlS HMl!:NTS AND P U BLIC PARTI CIPATION ON PBOJIICTB OPJ&RATIID BY WPA
~
O0NTINSNTAL UNJTSD BUTSS
CUIIULA TI VII THROUGH Ju,rz
Unit of measurement
Item
Olghways, rotvls, streets, and related facilities:
Highways, roads. and streets-total .. .•.•...• ,
Rural ro&ds-r.otal ... . ......•.... . •..... .
Blgh•t y·pe surfaee-r.otal. . .. ..•......
New construction .. .. .•.........
Reconstruction or Improvement ..
Low•type surface aad unsur raocd . ..
Urban streets-total • .... . ..... ........ ..
Rlgh•t ype surraco-total .
New construction . .. .. ..... ..... .
Reconstruction or Improvement ..
Low•t ype surface and unsurrnood . . .
Other roads (in parks. ctr.)- total.. . . .. . .
Hlgh•type surfaee-r.otal .
New construction ................
Reconstruction or lmprO\'Cmont.
Low·t ypc su rfare and unsurfaced ....
!
Number
0
ci:i"
;::.:
N.
CD
Q.
cr
'<
0
0
-
&
('i)
Uolt of measurement
I
Number
New COD•
structioo
- -1
Number .. . . . .. .
{ Linear reet . . . .• .
Wood
{Number. . .. ... .
·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Linenr feet
" tool
{Number .·.: ::::
., · ·· · · · •• · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Linear reet . . .. . .
umber. . . .....
Masonry · • · · · · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · •• · · · · ·•• {N
Linear reet . . ....
Culverts
I
860
Reconstruction
or Improvement
12. 609
43, 864
1, 930, 234
62, 462
1 601 248
'
036
24,456
778 548
16'. 122
2, 356,
o:
300. 620
976, 061
14. 201
446. 002
4. 286
176, 625
{Number .- ······
· · · • · · · · · · · · • · · · · · · · · · •··•· · · ·· · · · · · · \ Linear reet . .. . ..
Roadside drainage ditch and pipe......... ... Miles... . . . .....
097. 083
26, 579. 353
71. 300
114,557
2. 007. 597
82. 043
Sidewalks and paths-t-0tal. . . . . . .... . . . . ... . Miles.. ...... . ..
21. 049
6, 759
Paved
Unpaved ..
I
Item
Miles... ........
601. 341
Miles.. . ....... .
630,274
Miles . .... ......
46,303
Miles.... .......
27, 001
Miles .... .......
19,302
Miles.. .. ...... .
483,071
Miles... . .......
61,409
Miles . .... . .....
26, 271
Miles . .. . . ......
16,005
Miles . ..........
10, 176
Miles. ... . . .. .. .
35, 138
Miles .. ........ .
9. 668
Miles . .. . .......
2. 230
M!]es ... ••• •.. ..
I. 387
Miles . .. •••••.••
843
7,428
M ilcs .. · ·····- ·. - - - - -, - -- - - - New con•
structlon
Bridges an<I viaducts- total
30, 11141
Mlles . ... ..• . . •.
Miles .•.•••.•...
17. 796
3,253
4, 976
I, 783
21 ,886
3,340
Curbs · ···· · ·· ···· ········-··············· · Miles .. · · · ····-·
Guttc rs . . . .......... . •...• ...• -- .••. - •. •. .. . . Miles .... . .... ••
6. 122
773
Guardrails and guardwalls . .....•. - ...... . . .. M Iles ..... .... . •
2, 806
1,353
Number otlight
66,263
Road and street lighting. ···-··· - · · ·-·--··· ·· M51\~~d~dsroaci"
26, 9n
{
equipped . ..
729
1,621
Traffic s igns erected . . . . ··· ······ ·---··--··· ·· Number . . . .....
823,608
Traffic control Hoe painted................... Miles of Hoe _. ..
6, 183 ,• •••• ••••• •. • •• .•.
f3,633
Roadsldo landscaplug . . .•••. .. ••• - ••• -.. . .. .. Miles or road .••. ··· · ···· ·· · · ar a nd railroad naclr removal. .-•.• •••. • - •. M iles •..• - •••••• ·--·· · · ······
1,438
Public buildings, excluding ut il•
ltr plants and airport buildings :
Public buildings- total . . . . . . . Number . ··-· · ·· ··-····· ··
Addi· [ Recoostruc•
tlo ns
tloo or Im•
provemeot
----30,606
3,927
76,819
Educntlonal-r.otal . •..•.. N umber . .. ·-···-·········
Libraries . . . ..•• ... . . . Number _· ·----··--····--·
Schools ...... .... .... . N umber _· ·-·---·-······-·
5,233
I, 972
31, 273
130
6,103
64
1,008
832
30,441
RccreaLlonal- total . •...
Number · ······-·-----····
8,046
540
6. 311
Number.·-····--------···
Number.·· ······ -··- ·-···
Number . · ·· ·------···--··
372
1, 093
6,681
128
224
402
688
4, Z27
Number . . ··· ···· · -·-·-···
Number . ·· ········-······
Number _· ···· ·····-· ··--Number .· ······· --·······
Number •• •. . . ..... •.•.•••
Number • . .... ••••••••••. •
Number .. ..•..•.•••.•••••
Number . ........•....•• •.
Number . .••.• . . . . •.• ••••.
N umber . .••••.....•.••• ••
1,302
164
156
I, 051
260
2,237
2,057
270
1, 875
7,955
272
92
32
60
66
185
~umber . ·--··············
eating cnpacity . .••••.•• .
umber ........... •.••• ••.
rea in acres ... ....... ..•.
{Number .. ..... •.• ..•.•.. .
Area In acres ...• .• . ••• .••.
2, 101
3,502,000
46
1, 619
I, 552
07, 291
Playgroonds-r.otal . . .. ... . . . Number . ..•••. ••• ••.• .•••
School. .. ·-·-· .•... ... •.. Number .. ..•• .•••••••....
Other .. ••••.....•..•• ••• • Number .· ·····-·····-· · ··
Audir.oriums ..... .. ..
Gymnasiums.•.••...•
Other _.. . . . •. .. . •• . ..
Offices and adlitinlstro•
tlve ............. - ..... .
Hospitals . . • ... .. •. . ••.. •
Penal institutions .... .. ..
Dormitories _.. ...••••.•..
Firehouses •• ... .. •. ••.. .•
Garages . .... ........ . . .
Storage •... . . .. . . .. - .... ..
Armories ..... ... . ... . .. ..
Baros and stables . . ..... .
Other . ..... . . . . . . . .... ..
Outdoor recroatlooal facllltles:
Stadiums. graodstaads, and
bleachers.
Fairgrounds
and
rodeo
grounds.
Parks .. ..... .......... .••....
Athletic fields ..• ...••• ••.....
Hand ball courts.•. .•. · ·-· ..•.
Horseshoe courts . ••• . ·--··--·
T ennis courts .·······-·······
Swimming pools. ····--·-····
~::,';'~'acres::::::::::::::
N umber ·· ·····- ··-- ---···
Number . ···· ·· ··--···-·· ·
Numbe• · ······· ····-·····
Wu'rt~areaiiisq: i t :::::::
.. . ......• .•. ..•. .
Wading pools .. .. ...•• •• •••.. rumbcr
!!urrace area In sq. ft. •.•..
Ice skating areas. ·· ···-····· ·
Ski trails. •.. •••••••••••.• •. •. Miles ...•• . . .....•. . . . ... .
Ski Jumps .••.••.•. • · -···-···· Number .. ...•.... . ... ....
Baodsholls . ••• - ·····-·-······ N umber .... . .. ... .•.. .. ..
Outdoor theatres .• . ••••.• .•.. Number •. . .....•. . ..•....
{Nu mber ·--····· ·· · ··· ····
Goll courses . ••••••••.•. .•... . Number of holes . .....•..
Area In acres ... . . . . . .. .. . .
(ConUnued on ne1t 1)118)
~~fa::,area·iris<i:ri::::::
188
H6
47
76
461
3,996
I, 797
482
4,1 75
2, 108
I, 760
2,024
437
3,083
17, 561
~"II
0
~
0
""l
~
0
~!Jl
!Jl
0
""l
~
=
l"l
6,850
758
3, 122,000
283
13,602
6, 107
427,864
2,815
98
9, 159
~
1,688
I, 127
81
17
7,894
I, 265
0
2,816
16, 114
1,668
2, 135
9,403
742
8,161.000
775
2, 31)(1, 000
1, 084
63
234
2,382
14,154
156
44, 960,000
312
64
214
132
237
2,611
17,850
11 4
250,000
5
46
166
------------------------------------------·------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------
153
2,998
319
6,164,000
81
a.«, 000
84
16, 058,000
55
14
74
27
354
4,603
illi, 121
~
"II
>
0
E
Acco111PLISBMENTS AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ON PROJECTS 0PJlRATED BY WPA-Co11tl11ued
TABLIII
XVII.-PHYSICAL
CONTINSNT.&.L
UNITID STA TIS
CUMULATIVE THROUGH J UNE
30, l941
Number
Number
Item
Unit of measurement
New 00 11 •
structiou
Public utilities and sanitation:
UtUlty pla nts- totsL .. ..... . [ Number . ..... .... . ...... .
Electric power plants . .• .
Incinerator plants . . ..•...
Pumping stations . ... .. . .
Sewage treatment plants.
Water treatment plants . .
Number . . . ..•.... ......•.
Number . .......... .•... ..
Number . . •. •• . •..........
Number ...•••.•.•...... . .
Number ....•••.... •... .. .
Water mains aod dlstribu•
tloo lin6S . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . Miles.. . . . .... .. ........ . .
Water consumer coooections . Number...... . ...........
Water wells .... .. . . . . .. .. .... Num ber . . ... . . ...........
0
co·
;:a.:
N.
CD
Q.
cr
'<
0
0
-
~
('i)
Storage tanks, reservoirs, etc.
Storm and sanitary sowers ...
Sewerage service connections .
Manholes and catch basins...
Sanitary privies . . .. . . ... .....
Abandoned mine sealing.....
Mosquito•control drainage . . .
T elephone sod telegraph
lines.. ..... ..... . .. .......
Police, flre•alar m, and traffic
signal systems... . . . . . .. . .
Electric power ilnes . .. . . . .
Floodlighting athletic fields,
parking lots, etc.. . .........
Pipe Hoes, otoer than water
and sewer .. .. .... . .... ... . .
Flood and erosion control. lrrigs•
t!oo, conservation:
Fish hatcheries ... . .... .•••...
Firebreaks ........ . .... •...•.
Fire sod forest trails .•••.... .
Reforestation ..... .... . . ..... .
Planting oysters . . ...•.. . .... .
Levees aod embankments .•..
Jetties and breakwaters ..... .
Bulkheads .. •... . ...... ..... .
Retaining walls and revet•
meots .•••• .. . .. ..•. . .. .. ...
Riprap .. ..•. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ri verbank and shore Im•
provement ... . . .. .... . .. .. .
Stream bed Improvement. . . .
Irrigation systems . ... .....• ..
mt~t;·fo"galions·.·.::::::
Mifes . . ... . . ...... . .......
N umber.. ..... . . . . ... . . . .
Number ..... . . ........ . ..
Number.. . . . . . . ... . .. ... .
Openings sealed . ..... . ....
Miles of ditch and pipe...
Miles .
RcconstruO•
Additions [ tion or im•
provemeot
2,221
95
I, 055
40
IOI
1,084
797
199
15
1
14
51
14
161
54
309
379
152
14, 225
377,636
3, 780
1,56.5,51~.~
21 , 643
538. 041
706, 77 1
2,238,909
218. 325
14, 642
3, 169
417,846
1,812
656
. . · ·· ·· ... 123,729,949,000
3, 365
37,845
409, 515
33, 238
18, 636
...
3, 456
2, 199
---- ·
·---
1,469
2, 889
1, 797
1,109
Number llghted ... . ..... . .
979
242
Miles ... ... ..... . .. ..... . .
619
112
M lies of lino..
Miles . .
Number .
151
6, 129
Miles . . . ....... .......... .
5,775
Miles . . ..... . .... . ....... .
T rees planted .. .. .. .. ..... ,.
Bushels planted ... . .•... . .
8,099, 146
525
Milos ..
.. .
131
Miles . .
--158
Miles . .
l Sq.
Miles . . . ...... . ... ... .. ... !
yds. of surface.........
117
1,023
5
46
129
1,902, 725
1. 666
15,438, 478
~:rn::::::::::::::::::::::1:::::::::::::1
::::::::::
Miles of pipe and flume. ..
. I , 420 .•...• ....
Airport and airway lacillties:
La0 di fl 8 Ids
!{Number._ . ••....... . ....• ,
222
og
•••• · •• ••• •••• • • \Area lo acres........ ......
28, 178
= ==!,
Ruoways- total.. . . -........ . Linear root . .. ..... . .. . .. . .
2, 604.. 000
Bigh•t ype surlace •• ... .. . , L ioear feet ...••• . . . ..•.•.• ,
Low•type surface. . ...... . Lioear feet . . ...... .. .. ....
I, 603, 000
I, 001 , 000
149
799
1, 748
147, OZT, 000
68
4,465
4,223
7,907
4,844
360
59, 254
805,000
376,000
429,000
I tem
Uolt of measurement
Airport etc.-Cootloued.
Airport buUdiogs- total.. . .. .
Adminis trative aod ter•
mioal.. ........... . . . . . .
Hangars . ... .. .... . .
Other . . . . . .... .. . .
New COD·
structloo
Number.
Number . . . ... ...•••.... . .
Number .
Number - ... ..... ... ...• ..
Taxi strips- total.. .. . .
Li.near reet. .... ..... . . ... .
8~
Ill
195
580
I= ==
I
!,
93
1,624
22
15
56
79
308
1, 237
-- ---- -- ---- -------------- --
High•type surface .. .... .. Linear feet .. . .. ...... .. .. .
Low•type surface ........ . Linear feet . . . .. .. . ......•.
Aprons-total.. .... . ... ...... Sq uare yards .. . ....... .. . .
Rooonstruc>Additloos[ tloo or Im•
provemeot
l= ===.1===
1- - -- ·I - - -Blgh• type surface . . . ... . Sq uare yards . ... .... . ... . .
2
•
Low•type surlace .. . .... . Square yards . . .. .. . ... . . .. [=====
35, 000
22, 000
13.000
441 , 000
m:ggg 1::::::::::1......~4 '.· ~~
Turning circles-t-0tal . .. . . . . . Square yards ... ... . ... ... .
6,063,000
70
10, 920
8
----- --------------------- ----- -- ---------------- ------------. .... .. •..
397, 000
17
2,240
5
26
11, 729
74
--- -------- --- ----·---------
3
3,349
15
----- - -- --- ----788 --- -- -- --N um ber .
1,059 --- --- -- -N um ber ..... . ... ... ..... .
{Mil. es of ditch ..... . ... ... .
4, 163 ------ ---MIies or pipe ........ ..... .
1,570 ---------·
15,879
Miles . .. ... .••...•••...... !=== = ------- --=
{Number . . . ... . •. ...... ...
929 -------- -Tuonels- total. . . ..•••. ..•••. [l Llooar loot . ..• - . ••••.. .... ,_ _391,
_ 272
• ---------26 ---------Vehicular .. -·· ···· ······· 1ffil:i':'at;8[eet . ... · · ·· ·· · ·····
4,236 ---------171 ---- -----Pedestrian .... ..•. · · · · • · ·
i~':'at;efeet . . .• ... •......••
31,375 ---------umber ... . ... . .. •.. ......
732 ------ ---ioear roet .•..... ......... l=====I
=-Other........... . .... . . ..
355,661 -- ------
133,190
High•type surface ........ Square yards . .. .... . •. ....
Low•type surface .. . . . . . . Sq uare yards . . ... ... .. . .. .
Airport drainage . .. ...... . . .. I
Airport drainage ditch and
pipe . ...... . . . .... ...... .. . .
Landing areas fl oodlighted .. .
Boundary lights . . ....... .... .
Seaplane ba.ses ..... ..... .. . . .
Number of airports . •... ..
Linear root .. ... . .. . . . .. . . .
Number lighted ... . . . . . . .
Number o/1lght staodards .
Number .
Se;ralt1~~:~~ .~~~.!~~~I.~~. Number .
Airway markers . .......... . . . Number .
Airway beacons .. .. ......... . N umber .
M iscellaneous :
782, 000
1- - 63 1,000
151,000
-
117
L~~~~i,f~';&d p°;,l~~ .. ~~.~~. ACTCS .................... .
Ornamental pools and louo•
tains ... . ... .... ... ... _.... .
Monuments sod tiistoric
markers ........ .. ..... . . ...
D r~ioage (other than road ,
~~~Uort, and mosquito-con•
Feoclog .. . ... .. .• .•..... ... ..
Docks, wharves, sod piers .. ·
1{~~f~~abie.waterlroni::
Area in sq. It ..... . . .... •..
Artificial channels, other than
irr(g.£1.th,n lllld dI'alnage.. . . . Miles
(Concluded oo next page)
135, 000
18,000
117, 000
36
>
'ti
'ti
l,j
zt::,
...
~
''¾
s
125
17.178
506
20, 953
142
84, 156
8
7, 071
38
14, 228
96
62, 857
11 5, 000 . ... . .. . .•
311 . ... . .....
4,325,000
1······•···
313
303, 000
17,303, 000
88 . ... . . . .••
197
....
~
c,.:i
....
TABLE XVII.-PHYBICAL AccoMPLIBHMENTS AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION ON PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA-Concluded
~
CONTINENTAL UNITED 8TATJ:8
CUl({)LATIVE THROUOH JUNE 30. UM!
Item
EduC'Stion activiti('s:
Adult f'dll('ation:
Unit of measurement
A
Lit,•rary and natnralization____ __ _______________ _ F.nrollees _________________ _
Vocational training ___ __ _______________________
CorH'!-ipolld(•Ilt't• work____________________________
Tiomt>muking and parent education ______________
EnroJh·t>s. ________________ _
EnrollPrs _________________ _
Ji:nrollf't•s _________________ _
Otlwr
_________________________________ _____ Enrollrl's .... __ . __________ _
Lectures and forums _________________________________ l'Prsons attending ________ _
1{~c;:';;;;J~ ·----------------
NurSC'ry schools ________________ --------------------- Special i_nst~ucti~n:
I
In,t1tutwnnill<'d and handicapped persons._ ... Enrollt•N•---- -------------lsola.t1•d 1wrsons. _ ______ ___________ ______________ Enrollt~(,.,s _________________ _
A-fustc ac-ti\'itiC's:,.
Instn1ction __________ ----------------------------- __ _1 EnrolJees _________________ _
~
t
l{Pnformances. ___________ _
' oncer s _____ -- - - ---- ------------------------- -- · --- · Persons attending ________ Ra<lio hroadcasts _--------------------------------- Number _________________ _
Art act h·it it•:..:
Art in:..truetion -' __ ---------------------------------- Enrollees_________________ _
Art items comJ)h•h'd:
I
Ind<'x of Anwrican Design plates ________________ Numher _.
i1~1)1r::~~~~~~~;i~~i)~::i:i: :i~: =i :i: i!~[ s~~§ _::
A
Number
Data relate to the month of April 1941 only.
211,212
113, OIO
14. 739
132, 0,58
292,258
134,372
I, 3.16
37,294
10, 710
12,667
231, 737
6. 213
2,812,361
105
68,«3
:::~~ I
1tm'1i
14,235
Item
Unit of measurement
Writers' program:
Number _________________ _
____ . __
------------------------ _____ _
Books puhlishc<l
Pamphlets
published
_______________________________
_ Number _________________ _
Welfare activities:
Sewing:
Garments produced-total ______________________ _ Number _________________ _
Number
1165
1,111
342, 009, 000
---
Men's ______________________________________ _
Women's ___________________________________ _
Boys' _____ - __ . ____ --- _______________________ _
Girl•'--------------------------------------Infant.s'_
Diapers_
Number _________________ _
Number _________________ _
Number__________________ _
Number
Other articles produced__________________________
Food preSC'rving:
Quarts canned _____ . ____ .. _._____________________
Pounds dried ___________ .________________________
Housekeeping-aide SC'rvices: visits made _____________
School-lunch services:
T hree m on th sen di ng Ju ne 30 , 1941 -------------Cumulative through June 30, 1941. ______________
Book repair:
Books repaired or renovated_________________________
Number. ________________ _
67,718,000
i7, 226,000
69. 237,000
69, 548, 000
41, .'iM, 000
26,712,000
--95,318,000
Number _________________ _
Number _________________ _
Number_ ________________ _
60,255,000
6,218,000
26,515,000
Number _________________ _
Number _________________ _
~
l".l
'ti
0
~
0
z
'ti
~
{Schools serviced __________ _
Lunchesservod __________ _
Lunches served __________ _
765, 153. 000
0
Number _________________ _
86,622,000
l".l
22, 118
73,986,000
0
~
r:JJ
r:JJ
0
"'.l
>-3
=
l".l
~
0
co·
;::.:
:
N.
'ti
CD
0
Q.
~
cr
0
0
s:
'<
0
-
~
('i)
~
125
APPENDIX
TABLE XVIII.-SELECTED ACTIVITIES ON
WPA
COMMUNITY SERVICE PROGRAMS, BY 8TATB
SELECTED PERIODS
Enrollment In
adult education
Food preserving "
activities B
Number of
Number
school
or visits
lunches
mad,· by
served_.
NaturalNumherof Numherof
Number of Numherof housek£'t'Pof her
Ing aides A izat.ion
quarts
pounds
~arment.s
Other
and
articles
produced
canned
dried
literacy
produced
Work in sewing
rooms"
Staie
Cnited States •••• ___ ••. 342,009,371
95,317, 720 761i, 153,421
----
Alabama ..... ······---·-·-···
Arizona __ --------------------
.-\rkRDS8S ...•...•.••••• --.-···
Cnlifornia. _______________ - -- .
Colorado..• -·--·----·------·.
rn1!
867,
II, 42.,, 921
4,004, 8i4 1,247,548
IW, 162 I 2,279,002
7. 3.,9, 029
2, ~Ii, 759
I, 174, :16.,
26,348, 713
6, 2f>6, 112., I 3.',, 587. 154
5,522,322
594,561 I 16,939,144
I
6,217,502
26,514,612
211,212
552,065
37, 2114
2,812,364
102, 8.13
32, 92i
193, 718
809,261
4,647,487
47, 196
436,916
53,623
682,042
1,859, 108
424,501
10, S41
504
5,646
3,262
1,480
30,066
2,426
13,148
1,052
!<.'iii
458
2, 197
703
4, sos
78,295
5, 67.,
171,466
7,100
196,545
23, 724
5.5, 91\.1
187,WO
871, 795
751
2.rm
423
3, 3.17
6,857
2,021
1, 2.'i/i
7,238
1,264
140,428
3,624, 726
726,253
454. 4.',3
477,941
3.14
10,694
5,292
2,676
2,654
4,214
34,747
20,483
4,420
10,621
282
1,452
426
571
443
458,837
146, 703
15,027
684
844,678
5,566
10,901
278
330
1,533
II, 932
9,500
I, 00.1
632
7,187
934
448,420
12,838
I, Ii&! I
6,730
8, 81.5
493
51,814
55,250
2,803
443, 123
160, :l.'\6
2:1,\ [,22
1,884, 721
I, 109,504
754,277
Idaho. _. ····-··---------····.
I Iii no is_··•···--------···--··. 19,703,040
6,274,
792
ln•liana ...... -·-----·--······
4,340, 133
lt)WQ_ - - ----------·-·--------5,093,408
Kansas ....... -----------·-· - .
188, ilO
5, WO, 751
I, !1:l9, 346
l,4S2, :l!Jf\
1, 143, 781
Kentucky ... _-··--------· .... 7,665,481
Louisiana._ ....... _______ .... 3, 48:l, 278
I, iOU, 050
Maine
Ml\l"yland ...........•........ 1,566,277
Massachusetts ... ·----·-··· .. 29,518,369
1,442, 174
705, X-12
215. f>!i.1
l!ffi, 114
2,578, S411
3,472. 6.1.5
5, 5.1.1, 983
890,422
6:17, 470
6, 83.'i, 802
---8,563,822
19,309, Si5
I, 703,413
I, 072, .',64
2, 3;17, 220
29,5, 687
16,603.697
13, s61, or.o
30, Ml. AA.,
11,332,278
2,433,073
li5, 228
177,052
2,327, Mi
1,072,153
9,400
5,938
130,607
3.,1, 0-11
783,067
50
3,093, i87
IIJ(i, 180
2, 2.55, 323
960, 122
127, 4;17
5,404,936
2. 932. i63
693,925
3,926
13,324. 2.'\6 Iii, 667, 165
37, 4&o.om
1,-107.191
IS0,0:,4 I I. %2, 7:J-1
5,0lit. ·"';>a 26, SI~, 710
I, 113, 973 29, 181, 130
900,000
80-I, 226
J\.lichil!an .....................
~f inD('SOta. - --------------- -J\.1 is.-:is.sippL .......•.•.......
1\.1 issourL ____________________
J\.lontana .............•.......
:S.ebraska ..
:S.cvacia .............••......
New TTampshire .•...•..••...
New Jnsey .......••.........
New Mexico ..•.•••••••.•....
4,926, 712
6,618,379
4,:Jli0.f>l3
7, 737, 02:I
2,233,827
3,598, 729
2f,t\, 438
2,311. Ofi9
7, f:,48, 777
1,072,519
:-.,•w
York ...........•....... 26,699, 793
C"rolina ...••.•••..•... 8, 4,0. 0~4
North Dakota...•.•...••..... 2, :-t2.'l, iH7
Ohio"···········-·-······-••· IS, 700, i'S2
Oklahoma.....•..••••••...... 7, 8~). 6:!0
~ orth
,.'8
Or<'1<on ............•.•.•... " I I, 827 ..
PPnn~yh•anifL. ___________ .
32, .',&,, li/lS
H. hodt• lslnnrL
2, ,:11. "'·'
South Caroline. _______________ I 4,
17~. rn2
South Dakota ......•.•....... 2,486, 197
Tenn<'Ssee ........•••••.•..•..
'1."eXfL"'-. ___ ••••••••••••••••• __
{Ttah ..........••.•.•.••••...
\.:-- <'rmont_ ________________ -- -\-"" irginia ______________________
'Washington .. ····--·----· •...
W ,•st Virginia. ....•.•.••.•...
\\'iscorn;in _________ . _______ . __
Wyoming .......•...•........
A
B
I
I
I
I
ti52, fi99
1,1:m2. 002
40,922
4,202,313
i, i:JO,OMJ
2, 1.52, f.:ll
5,075,656
I
6,669,
4, :lffi,
27~.
57,9112,
8., 977,
139
~2H
!i2.~
flli/l
J28
I
2, ir.3, 016 I 39, i3o, 297
411. 442
I, t:\S, j"IS
4[,8, 937
816. 5U4
4,656, 6~
I
5, 43S, 410
4, 3.1.1, 1431
6, 4111'<, Oil.,
738. 609
fii4
100, 797
811,636
------
...
46,249
----------487,894
970
621
17,330
---------------------------------------------
!
!
2,575,545
422,434
57, f,6.1
1,679,662
881,289
15,702
7,079
1,076
18,458
393
585,328
2, 88b
122,955
1,698,.'i/ill
64,WI
789. 0:!5
126,480
113
147
;})3
510
Mi
I, 684,215
92,775
489,96-4
1,56..,,606
3,223,894
62·1, 905
606,570
Ill
1,330
29,140
4,663
55
2W,/i8.1
24S, 159
1,414,404
49, 756
44. 932
3,232,
8, 50S,
1, ~ii,
3, :lh4,
807,
----------------------
----------------------458, 125
10,175
1,319,420
-----------3,136
17,938
262,037
21,534
-------
8. 909
441,657
36,099
11,168
I
1,119,231
10,979
1,840,336
112, 114
140
259,887
689,269
400,167
i8, 472
2,626
52
380
3,676
2,123
12, 12.5
3,600
I. 220, :114
I 22, 2'20,
-----------------------------···23,552
a, 0.53 ----------·-
23. 65:1, 120
15. fit~( :iiO
Sf\;l
41Kl
112
I, 592,480
5,1181.401
4, 31HI, 00.5
211. 212
198, 7S4
ti. 277, 791
468
I 3, 62!J,
a:i.\ ;s1
1, 702,
41fl.
11111,
924,
--- - ------540,390
440,402
31,861,257
I
3, 234. 414
28,019. IIIS
I, 6IO, 50:1
---------------------
I· 12,237,
·1: 675, 48S
4R8
ances •
60, 21i5, 318
ronn..-cticut ... _..•.•••••.•... 2,060, 5.58
IN•la."'· are _____________________
391,156
955, 780
District of Columbia•..•.•...
Florid a ___________ -------- --- - 7,244,468
10,505,550
Georgia._ .. ·----·-··--·--····
820,473
Attend•
Enroll•
ance at
ment in music
pernursery
form•
schools B
I
337
100
I
23,618
3,525
26,110
28,921
8,615
IMll
191,415
64,538
5,931
14,200
6,180
86,495
7,640
42, 8.',0
281, 2.>4
384
S4
617
3,374
23,393
14, 3.18
14,246
16,653
4,1198
979
791
522
857
10,201
1,064
439
14,426
1,068
239
167,239
40,968
8,697
69,076
535
42,186
76
252
oo;1
500
332,619
-----------
43,618
7,004
4, f>IO
1,545
166, 723
740 -----------
20, lltH
12,993
1,306
780
414,532
52, 724
1,500
14, 42'2
2, OS9
3, 42\l
700
7,329
42, 134
1,817
4, S81
5,652
293
I., 583
434
387
296
7,486
192,707
24,5.52
8,954
11, 4f,:J
1,422
427
2, 7o.1
9,797
15, 1191
4,:160
4, !08
17,132
830
2,692
17,360
62, S93
100
1, 8.>0
14,302
2, 66ti
2, Mll4
1,7:10
I, 37~
16,45.5
13,024
7, Sil
1,505
383
389
3:18
745
I
1,113, zn
I, !M5, 1161
l,.5Zl,8k8
Ill!, 811
I 20,484,469
195
I 14,8, S.19,
2~6. [,().,
I
1,484,863
I
3.16,:199
173,747
44, 753
63,m2
-----
1,268
-----------33,315
4511
170
----------·-
349
104, 700
Cumulative through June 30, lOU.
During April 1941.
Digitized by
Google
126
REPOR'l' ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XIX.-SELECTED ITEMS OF PHYSICAL AccoMPLlSHMENT ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OPERATED BT
BY STATE
WPA,
Ou11UL•nvs TBBOUOB JuNs 30, 1941
Highways, roads, and streets and
related facilities
State
Number of public bulldlnp
Miles of
of
highways, Number
of
and Number
roods, and bridges
culverts
viaducts
and
(now
streets
(new and Improved)
(new and
improved) Improved)
Schools
Outdoor recreatlollBI facllltles
All other
Number
of parks
New con- Reconstruo- New con- Reconstruo- (new
and
struction tlon or Im- structlon tlon or Im- improved)
and
and
provement
provement
additions
additions
Number Number- of
of playswimming
grounds
and wadand athIng pools
letl~ fields (new
and
(new and Improved)
improved)
United States .•..
601,341
116,563
I, 112,MO
7,011
30,441
27,622
46,378
7,659
17,172
1,917
Alabama .. - .......... _.
Arl•ona. ·----··. ·-----Arkansas·-----···-----·
California
______ •. ______
Colorado.. ---·-------··
Connecticut....... __ .-·
Delaware ... -•-···---··
District of Columbia_ ..
Florid&.-------······-··
Georgia_.-·---------- ..
Idaho. _________________
Illinois_ .. _____________ .
Indiana_.·---------·-··
19,464
2,219
9,63i
11,361
8,773
9,831
311
6,008
1,318
261
56
516
219
467
894
397
004
609
177
295
2,763
701
277
46
21
287
677
2,005
519
30
1(1
42
4liO
116
118
19
3,223
43,561
5,119
33,723
19,746
19,916
804
77
81
3,437
Ill
145
6,997
8,387
359
122
1
1,432
2,651
4,132
41
75
6,769
32,175
236
600
263
3,987
42,567
23,167
31,838
18,369
1,068
11,499
2,944
6,669
1,334
9,675
97,739
33,021
37,941
18,040
34
Kentucky ..• --------· ..
Louisiana .. ··-·-------·
Maine .... ---··-·--·-···
Maryland . ···-·-·----·
MBSSBcbusetta
________ .
11,495
3, 4115
1,965
1,832
1,241
3,943
311
63,982
9,932
4,175
4,717
3,312
Michigan ... ---------··
Minne..sota ... -·-·----··
Mis.siss~P'--·--------·Missou ···--·-·--·····
Montana.... ------·····
21,020
25, 173
14,649
22,004
9,612
l, 334
8,442
1,983
2,732
Nebraska .. ·-···-··---Nevada ..... ---········
New H&mJl"hlre. ______
New 1ersey ..• -·--·-···
New Mexico ___ ····-···
13,258
2,001
New York_··--··-···-·
North Carolina. __ • __ -·
North DBkota__ . __ . _. _.
Ohio ....... ----······-·
Oklahoma.. __ ... _.. . .
9,164
12,538
18,508
21,827
27,963
Oregon······-·····-··Pennsylvania.---······
Rhode Island ...... _...
South Carolina.. _.. _-·.
South DBkota __ .. ____ . _
4, 779
16, 743
652
9,068
17,330
Tennessee .. -------·---.
Texas.---------·-----·.
Utah .. ----------------Vermont_·---·-·------VirginiB ... ___ ··-·-·-· ..
33,422
4,995
7,134
1,16.1
563
Washlnitton -····---··W!'St Virginia .... ______
Wisconsin .. ----·- .. --·Wyoming .... ·--------·
11,295
17,902
21,375
3, 734
Iowa .. ---------------··
Kansas ..•.• ---------- - -
4,099
1,424
6, 715
3,826
29,645
4,MI
1,687
7,117
229
227
664
7,271
148
243
498
1,675
809
423
304
109
12
3
-----------273
321
98
1,726
1,243
499
422
40
642
357
243
1116
57
994
7
124
380
73
48
67
51
179
452
981
519
73
I, 286
2,:nl
31
26
36
61
308
156
165
60
1(11
562
4
7
47
791
1,210
529
312
1,499
1,231
158
472
315
327
480
483
109
791
28
17
34
237
44
785
334
102
628
10
1,349
59,032
27,994
21,554
53,520
14,593
145
170
:lJ8
372
37
1,018
950
350
385
606
25,034
1,165
4, 145
3,355
3, 714
63
260
40
65
I, 143
61
103
2, 196
97
4. 441
441
666
3,829
92
136
535
116
823
2,051
88
342
34
72
104
I, 188
53
327
82
386
203
654
317
249
19
978
I, 124
1,423
1,666
1,001
1,251
686
473
983
I, 18.1
1911
3,068
194
1,465
191
386
922
51
I, 120
333
6
----------29
883
62
114
----------(175
50,070
30, 752
11, IOI
3,615
62,342
179
342
30
8
164
971
1,390
30,001
tll
9M
17,884
3, 748
24,408
642
552
156
86
708
357
9,443
41,007
107
9,982
10,037
i
373
22
24
322
84
17
15
48,937
1,308
203
463
411
1.007
560
301
l, 408
131
56
49
84
3,653
1,098
I, 243
UI
394
222
83
I, 400
7,296
3.~
164
18
118
36
51
669
446
67
856
871
181
134
22
911
155
130
193
782
687
467
16, 708
16,162
14,962
49, 4TT
654
464
51
13
284
526
230
52
84
911
986
50li
406
2, 790
294
779
299
297
Ml
304
200
106
80
492
1,477 ,
69
506
20
811
I
188
218
28
183
94
180
27
43
123
39
2
4
26
17
411
M
6
34
67
567
130
72
8
527
roe
242
516
31
248
21
1311
411
3/JO
222
23
13
133
7
:II
16
16
1,683
523
458
1811
1,033
84
187
29
15
34
309
I, 113
346
34 I
321
27
228
'Ill
22
3
8
710
855
I, 313
185
1,079
351
I, 687
243
100 I
26'
426
33 I
603
16
IM
31
430
fl7
18
Ill
i
834
12
159
I
(Concluded on next page)
Digitized by
Google
M
127
APPENDIX
TABLJC XIX.-Szu:CTED ITEMS OF PHYSICAL AccoMPLISBMENT oN CoNsTRUCTION PROJECTS OPERATED BY WPA,
BY STATE-Concluded
CUMULATIVII mROUGH
Jmn,: 30, 1941
Airport lacllltles
Public utilities and sanitation
Stale
Number or airport
Number ol landlng
I_Lln:r feet ofrnnways
buildings
Miles of Number or
fields
str,rm and
sanitary _________ _
sanitary
privies
I
Recon•
ReamNew COD·
sewers
(new con- New conRecon- I
structlon
structlon
New con• structlon
structlon
(new con- structlon) structlon
structlon or Improve•
or Improve·
structlon)
and
or lmand
men& A
additions
ment
additions provement
or
Number of MIies
water
utility
mains and
plants
dlstrlbu(new and
tlon lines
Improved) (new
constructlon)
I
---- ---1--------Unlted States ___ .
3,276
14,225
AlabaDla ___ ............
24
23
23
159
63
151
142
50
1,160
255
40
8
5
Arluma. --········---·Arkansas ... . _________ . _
California .... ·----···__
Colorado ... ----·-····-Connecticut ........... .
Delaware.. ...... . .. .
DL'>trict or Columhla .. .
Florida......... Georgia •........... -.. .
Idaho ................. .
lllinol.s ................ .
Indiana ............... .
Iowa .................. .
Kansas ................ .
13
351
56
114
329
445
66
7
7
20,234
29
55
75
40
50
221
247
1
40
16
1
29
23,168
193,076
89,795
40
154
69
00
140
184
702
234
270
488
110
1,611
521
271
140
46
77
I
116
238
52
~I
111
I
111
11:
~~ I
North Dakota
HO
Ohio_
Oklahoma __ .
227
108
Oregon ..... .
Pennsylvania_ ....... .
Rhode Island ........ _.
South Carolina
South Dakota.
18
112
131
1~
191
~I
123
22 I
--
--
4
3
3
5
1
3
3
2
1
4
2
175
842
13,232
182
631
1,375
314
00
660
225
261
157,019
6,423
17,066
30
3
10
5
35,348
304
495
20
205
129
rl I
I
18,366
65,094
98,668
11, 161
/i0,070
3
2
1,109
376
84
735
3.'18
I
29, 9118
54, ,'\113
86
235
809
136
3~
I
140 I
726 '
2241
1,493
/i6II
79
2,002
265 I
1,1:
1
1118
28.1
104
5
1
5
461
6
13
3
II
3
5
3,438
1
33
27,120
18,009
2
2
2
2
4
R39
149,374
31.800
69, ill()
88, 9521
13
3
17,005
60. 568 I
16 I
119,409 •
3o. 93.5 I
6
I
137
553
429
46
316
124
746
292
5.1
308
~:~I
697
68
385
73
---
350
271
970
45
i
21. 46~
134,673
17,496
239,
:l06
18,540
6,288
I
I
1
3
14
8
1
17 ,
8
I
10
6
10
8
1
5
2
2
10
21
26
8
6
3
6
13
1
5
3
I
4
6
4
1
13
2
~I
3
8
138
28
6,700
.. -----II, 02'l
73,371
24,300
------
1
42
30 I
3,274
3
40
220
95
I
2
14
1
8
263
I
2
I
4 I
29
63,337
54. 922
502
126
:1
New York
North C'arollna
A
16
1
1
2
3
1
8
4
1521
46
75
31
Washington ........... .
\.Vest Vil'J?lnla_ ....... .
'W isconsln _ .. __ ..... .
~yomin~·-············
1,624
33
32,005
23,362
53, 806
20, 736
29,915
Michigan .. .
Minne.sot& ............ .
M isslsslppl. . - . -...... .
M issourL. _....... _... .
Montana ............ .
Vermont ........•......
Vlrl?lnla_. __ ........... .
1179
308
45
75
1, 02'l
20R
608
Utah ..........•........
804, 760
29,913
000
38, 708
-------23,933 ----------16.~. 529
80,3151
136, 747 ..
-------
2,604,007
360
ro I
Tennessee ............ .
Texas.-·····-··•·······
I ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - -
290
Kentucky ............. .
Louisiana.
11,laine
Maryland
Massachu.setts
Nebraska
Nevada .. - --•·······
New Hampshire ....... .
New Jersey .. .
New Mexico .. .
I
2,238, II09
1
1
21,643
----- ----
18
·-------188
283
32
18
8
26
6
7, 181
21,000
-------
40,470
21,760
89,810
8,756
31,675
116
31
--------
--------3,068
40,570
60,263
66,585
36,702
43,467
234
----------
-----------7,600
1
• • 110
18
a
6
--------2
4
1
1
2
6
1
19
------
2
12
80
83,302
63,533
45,850
4,800
23,116 ,
30,740
40,655 -----------35,280
39, 100
62
6
27
9
16
1
6
7
2
6
29,177
14,880
21,820
25,623
14.000
26,304
11,850
3,000
13,707
27,200
11
6
6
5
3
7
149,425
26,1150
9,226 .
72, Oi9
2,~.002
13,600 I
44,975
12,200
7,296
9,400
73
5
5
8
3
191
7
3
67,080
150,283
2,300
68, 759
t\7, 200
31,300
2
36
1
10
13
3
47
11:1, .'iOO
124, 703
77,106
22. 500
11.m1
750
82,158
15,288
6,340
31,185
22
24
5
1
13
9,400
7,300
27,367
12, 200
21
1
8
9
5
3
00.021
26,002
64,.'>46
II, 100
11, ll60
i
31,224
----
...
..
I
I
..
-- ---
Includes •urfaclng.
Digitized by
Google
1
2
82
2
80
3
1
6
6
2
3113
6
1
u
2
128
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE
XX.-
·NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND :SUMBER
OF RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC Asim,TANCE, BY PRor.RAM A
f'OSTJ'<l!:NTAL UNITED STATE•
MONTHLY, JANUAKY 19."la-JUNI! 1941
[In thousands]
Employment on Federal work programs and recipients of public assistance
!I Undupl!cated total
I
Year and month
~;~1. .· .···••···············
----, ~~~~~ I
Work
Projects
Persons In ' Adminls·
these
!ration c:
Households ' households
4,504
g:1
17. 620
18.648
21,035
Works Admln•
I Publiclstration
r
National Youth Ad·
ministration o
I
----!
1/J!J,,
January ..
February ................. .
March ..............•......
I
e ,
Out"'lf•
Student
sehool
work
pro~ram
work
program
vation
Corps
s,4/ili I
6.182,
4, 71.l!i
~:;~; I
July .......••••••••••••.•..
Au,n1st. .......••.••••••••••.
September .........•••.••..•
October
............... .
November
.............. .
December ... . ........... .
4,579
4,448
4, l:?i!
4. 234
5,M7
7. 1114
17, 5112
17,301
15. 714
16. ~72
20,462
2.5. 37.5
294
286
274
222
289
January ...
Febn1ary ................. .
March
.................. .
Anrll .................... .
May ........................ .
June ...................... .
7,974
7,980
7,243
6,3&4
5,813
5.7M
2';, 119:1
28. 102
297
July ..........••.••••.••..
Auirust .........•..•.••.•.
September .......••.......
Ol'tober
......•..........
November ............•.....
D8<'ember. . ............... .
g:;1
January
Febmnry .................. .
March
April .. . ................. .
May ..................... .
June ...........•..•.•.....
6,900
19,,
July
.................... .
Auirust ...............•..
September .....•••..........
October ..........•.•......
November ............••...
Dl'Ctlmber
..........••..•
January ..
February.
March
6,8.'\5
6,786
6,694
6,359
6,137
I
5,647
6.008
5,llllt
. ....•..........
1271
6,
6,131
~~I::::::::::::::::::::::
...............•......
.5,AA4
5,f,04
.5,
July
Au~ust
···•·············I
September
O!'tober
5,327
5.U6
NovNHher
5,872
Decemher
5,113.5
June
427
5,542
5,792
.•••.••..• ···•••····•• ·········•··
21. 1169
21, 4f>!<
19. 911.1
19,756
19. 343
20, 7A7
31fi
357
330
350
352
330
·--------- ------------- ---------- --------------------- -----------
----------------- ------ - ----- -- - ·--------------- · - ·
220
374
70.5
1,815
2,667
20, 724
21,16.5
21,073
20,1.56
18.901
18. 19.5
2, 8.'!0
3,019
2, 9fi0
17. 11:19
17. 974
lH,:WO
18, 6.59
18. !!-16
IR.602
2, 24S
2. 332
2,449
2,M8
2, :">'.6
2. 243
18,769
18.f,O!l
18, f,l(,
17,949
16. 009
2. 127
2. 145
-------------------------------·
-----------
3.5
184
'
234
283
321 I
1811 I
3113
417 I
401
215
2,f,2fi
2,397
2. 28li
i
(0)
2
63
341
399
411
17
79
163
181
178
184
16.5
162
167
l6f>
172
178
(0)
July
Au~ust
5,844
5. R.1f,
5, 8S:I
5,739
5, 501!
5,207
4,68G
8rptC"mhrr
4, ,,;72
4, 4~1
Octoher
Novf'mher
Decemher
4,fi~
4. 792
5. 169
Hi, l2f1
14,220
13,778
1:1.:14s
13, .5:13
14,IJ!<.5
15,460
a11ency
0
projectsemen!ency
Cunds R
223
239
1,532 I .••••••••••
3,597 , . ··•••••••·•
226
4,311
3,854
g'
22
23
21
34
61
76
417
427
440
442
2, 12.5
2,07.'i
2.018
I, 87◄
1.628
l,r,(19
1. 4.'\4
I. 460
I. SOI
I, 594
42◄
249
(0)
36
244
283
304
~~'
98
9li
350
247
246
234
214
200
175
76
18.5
189
192
192
18.5
1n
350
345
303
303
zn
147
130
133
143
164
162
llill
133
127
IZ!
127
136
276 ;
14-f
278
Z!3
211:l
13.5
120
l07
91
284
220.
2,52
2'H
83
74
76
81
240
298
:1
90
406'I
4()4 I
395 I
374 I
35.1'
70
114
57
49
39
319
2112 :
30 .
:
·
1
71 i
27 !
I
I
30
238
198
1112
28
:1I
.
:I::::=====
I
n I
i
:,)3
27
29
21 ···••·····
18 . •·•••••••
16 ···•······
RP<• footnotPfil nt Pnrl of tnb]e.
Digitized by
············!
127
13.5
128
336
301
(0)
78
95
J;!)l
(0)
446 I
411
3411 I
~I
224 I
87
123
172
213
299
330'
343
328
I, 105
23
380
449
355 ,
322
348
:: !
2,f,(19
285
126
124
107
94
.. -
226
229
11/i
Ill
120
83
100
114
120
401
481
48.1
459
480
459 '
I
26:
30f;
338
3.51
------------/
6
42
132
358
347
293
........ ············I
1
3
/9$7
January
......•..••..
Febn,ary ............••••...
Marrh ...............•....
April ........••.••.....•..
May ..........••.•••......
June ............•••••......
program
·:::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::!
293
268
2511
294
284
21,617
22. 739
22,012
22.AAI
23,209
24, 122
24,716
24. 462
24,3.54
23,936
23, .502
22. :!02
21
91
243
290
'l2. 9S4
21. 20,5
21.007
6,82.51
6, 1211
5, 73.1
S, 7.'\R
····•••···· ···•·•·•···· ··••·•••····
2.5.8Sll
6,237
6,32'1 ,
6,/ill5 ,
6,706
F~.!:;.1
Federal
projects ' projects
I ··········· ........................ ···••····· ······••···· ············ ·········· ············1
Jone ........••••••••••••••...
18. 774
Clvll
, Works
1
E
Other
Federal
I
Google
215 I
m,
IM,
161 '
156
143
129
APPENDIX
TABIJ: XX.-NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WoRK .\ND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND NUMBER
OF RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM "-Continued
CON11Nll:NTAL UNITED STATES
MONTRLT, JANUARY 1933- JUNE 11141
[In tho1Lsands}
Employment on Federal work programs and recipients or public asslstanoe-Continued
Spec!~~~~ public
Aid to
dependent chitdren
Old-age
assist-
ance
Relier
Aid to
the
blind
Total
I
I
ll:
1
105 '
104 '
J06 /
,ml
123
123
126
!: I
I
130
134
141
145
154
164
:206
112
26
108
24
24
113
Ill
Ill
108
109
110
Ill
25
24
24
Poor ' Ernergency
relier
relier
,I
I
---- ---- - - - - - - 116
116
112
110
109
)08
Federal Emergency Relier Adminlstralion special progn1ms
General relief J
Nonrelief
Translent x
Ernergency
educalion
______ - - - - - - - - - - ---- ---- - - - - ---- - - I
114 I
112
4, 24i
4,512
5,087
5.185
,., 849
4,328
l~~
lffl
4,133
65
4. 400
611
4. 978
5,071
4,735
4,214
I
l:! 1
84
67
67
64
------· · . ---- -- ---- ---------- ---- -- -- -- --- --- --- ----- -- ---------- --- --- ------- --- --- ------- ----------- ----- -- ----· ··-·· -- -- ------ ------------ ·-- ---- --- --- --- - · -- - -- ---- ------- ---- -- ·----- -- --·· -- -- ---------- --------- -
4,062
3,940
3, 589
3,647
4, 037
3, 246
135 1
152
161
3, 927
3,788
3, 428
3, 476
3, 870
64
2
3.093
75
16.1
90
II
27
3,135
26
26
3,284
173 I
171 '
177 I
181 I
190 I
1n
2, 962
3,113
3,593
4,363
4,361
89
83
28
34
33
26
17
4. 266
66
102
109
142
175
193
214
175
191
4,356
4, 5i5
4, OIO
4, 649
4,821
5.0i8
71
74
256
9
10
25
24
24
Ill
25
111
112
24
26
ml
110
109
111
109
110
109
26
3,770
4,544
4,551
211
4,441
11 0
11 0
100
111
111
11 3
32
31
31
33
32
33
4,531 j
4. i66 ,
4,809
4,848
5,0 13
5,285
27
ffl
263
274
281
293
110
110
110
11 2
113
11 7
302
314
3211
347
359
378
430
473
505
571
I
I
60i
650
788
807
1199
1173
1,035
I, 106
I, 150
1, 200
I, 256
I, 296
1, 327
33
32
32
33
32
33
34
33
33
35
34
35
5,500
5,470
5, 4IO
5, 254
5,077
4,764
I
I
5, 276
5. 240
5, 172
5,0 13
4,842
4,534
~
I
238
I
ill
I
230
23 1 I
4,595
4,460
4, 161
3,975
3. 723
2.879
H4
168
190
221
237
208
180
167
122
Ill
- - ------ -- - ------ --
·- --- ---- · -- -------· ··· · · - · -- -- ---- -- -- ------·- -·· · -- ·- ------- --- ------- ----------- --(0) . . ··
-- ------ --- -- ---- -
- - -·-(0)
6872
82
83
4, 364
4,220
3, 910
3,723
3,463
2, 610
240
251
252
260
260
70
72
56
59
62
65
68 1
55
30
21
14
8
I
31
61
66
64
II
287
274
281
281
14
24
31
35
255
I
I
108
107
108
11 0
110
108
-· ····· -· - - - ------ - -
--- - - - -··
152
66
January.
February.
March.
Al:'u.
I\ ay.
lune.
luiy.
August.
September.
October.
No,·ember.
Deoembor.
19",t
:: ,
~i~
68
63
I
240
256
College
student
aid
Employment on
regular
Farm
Federal Year and month
Security construe,.
Adminls•
lion
Rural
tration projects
N
~ro~liL j grants M
40 ,
42
44
258
252
295
302
295
44
41
282
32
276
261
179
147
11 6
87
28
32
45
------ -- 1----------
:(~<J:: ~:: !~ ~
34
42
69
00
l00
100
42
40
40
46
52
69
36
32
57
63
61
60
61
50
62
59
53
January,
February.
March.
AfirlL
I\ ay,
lune.
Jul y.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
/ 9{;/j
l02
l03
105
104
l00
52
72
87
173
2IO
205
19
Ii
8
44
51
55
68
204
167
108
45
10
3
I
25
46
43
57
59
68
8fi
6
130
90
80
151
139
112
l08
86
62
62
57
61
76
J anuary,
February.
March.
Af,'il.
1" ay.
June.
J u ly.
August.
S,•ptember.
Octohr r.
No vt mber.
Dec~•mber.
19"6
123
132
132
145
140
!Si
1511
149
142
IM
159
162
I, 290
166
171
178
183
180
192
I, 392
1,432 1
176
203
209
l:~
1,54 1 I
21 5
220
1. 5n
228
42
43
44
2, 216
2, 13H
2, OIO
1,827
l .f,57
1,555
42
43
I. 434
37
41
43
44
44
45
45
4i
47
48
!~I
I, 452
-----·I, 39G --------
1,406
I, 5 10
I, 662
I , 72fl
I. fi~4
I. 5.,(1
I, 182
:1
I , 27i
I, 25i
51
~I
~I
··· ···· --
I, 3R9
--------------···
---···-- --- -- -
---- --- -- ·------------ - -- ··•-•·
(0)
(Ol
(0
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
I
3
3
I
I
I
I
39
I
10
9
9
9
9
27
23
15
13
II
(0)
(0 )
(0)
(0)
(0)
)0)
II
0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
10
6
6
(0)
(0)
(0)
-- ---- --------- -
. . . .. . .
--- -- ----
-·· ····- --1
::::::::::1
--- ---- -- --- - - - ---· ····- - ------------- ---- ·---- --· - - --- --- ------ ---- ------------- --- --· ------- ---
77
88
93
135
I
335
I
I:
__
1-· --
41
60
300
21 8
:I
- -.
1----
~
11 8
152
166
173
176
170
152
July.
Aul(USt.
September.
October.
~ 0\"C' lllber.
Dercmber.
129
123
125
139
161
18 1
J anuary ,
Frhru nry,
March,
April.
Mny ,
June.
200
Jul y.
94
~ I
I
I. 271 -I. 265 1-I.
270 - . .
I, 368
I. 626 . • .
I
Jan uary,
February.
Mnrcb.
u;rn.
. ay,
June.
I
I
209
78 I
67 I
21:1
~I
100
/9/J1
201)
20 1
169
A u gust.
September.
October.
Novrmbe.r.
Deccmbcr.
I
Se.> footnotes at end of table.
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130
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XX.-NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND NUMBICR
OF RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM A-Continued
CONTINl!NTAL UNITED STATIIS
MOSTIII.Y 0 ]ANUAR1' 11133-]UNE IIHI
[In thou.'18nds)
Employment. on Federal work prol(rams and reciplenh of public 118llistance-Contin11ed
Unduplicsted total
B
Work
Projects
Adminls·
tration c
Year and month
Households
19$8
January ____ - - - - - - - - - -- --------··-·February _______ -------------------March_ - ------------------------·-tfa~L::::::::::::::::::::::
:: ::::::
lune
_______________________________
luly ________________________________
August _______
---------------·----September
______________
• __________
October _________ ---------·--------November _______ -----------------December __ ._. ________ -------------
PorllODS
in these
households
National Youth
Administration o
Student
work
program
Out-of•
school work
program
5,(1211
5,1155
6,336
6,417
6, 4116
6,475
17,080
18,236
19,535
19,874
:11, 115
:II, 147
1,801
2,001
2,311)
2,638
2,638
2,741
6,415
(1,533
6,563
6,830
6,934
6,954
:II, 019
:II, 475
:II, 470
21,022
21,280
21,286
2,W6 -----------3,122
2
3, :119
41l
3,282
322
3,330
364
3.1116
372
240
6, ll60
7,009
7,015
6,805
6,597
(1,363
21,227
21,276
21,250
:II, 440
19,606
18, 7(11
3,016
2,900
3,004
2,786
2,638
2,570
237
242
236
228
:125
214
5, 9llO
5,755
5,478
5,709
5,804
5,907
17,683
It!, 797
15,626
16,098
16,401
16,861
2,279
I, ll67
I, 715
1,867
1,946
2, !Oil
6,143
6,217
6,171
5,974
5,736
5,371
17,749
18,012
17,854
17. 117
16,2116
15,089
2,203
2,293
2,294
2,125
1,963
1,734
6,055
5,098
4, 9llO
5, :IIO
5,277
5, 3(12
14,331
14,478
14,059
14,436
14,577
14,807
1,639
1,684
1,673
I, 743
1,771
1,826
5,445
5,41\8
5,:l6()
5,153
4,913
4,689
15,064
15,060
14,667
13,896
13,0-18
12,364
1,858
l,ll.'iO
I, 718
1,575
1,453
1,376
310
3:11
327
334
3211
219
PuhllcWort.
Administration r
Civilian
Conser•
vatlon
Corps•
146
152
165
159
179
2)11
215
219
221
220
230
Non•
Federal
projects
Other
Federal
81?8ncy
projectsemel'!lency
funds e
Federal
projects
285
(15
11
116
278
262
63
282
257
245
73
82
84
ll
ll
8
ll
110
llll
149
200
284
81
(15
8
:uo
7
8
22
268
291
293
275
80
114
105
122
34
311
150
13
14
12
10
10
2115
140
143
141)
170
188
:115
34
31
31
34
36
35
7
7
6
6
6
6
30
27
25
23
Ill
16
3
266
1117
1112
1711
160
IIIO
123
12
10
10
10
8
7
2
7
2
1
1
1
1
1
290
7ll
3(
19#
January __________ ----------····---February
________ ------------------March
_____________________________
tfa~l ______________________________
June _______________________________
July ________________________________
August __ . __ -----------------------September ____ --------------------October_
November.
December _______ --- ________________
372
382
380
384
372
280
(0)
I
70
362
423
434
296
259
285
292
266
:117
211
288
:125
255
288
292
238
261
296
289
3
3
4
2
2
1g¥)
January_
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -----·.
February-___________________________
March _____________________________
tr::1------------------------------June _______________________________
July ________________________________
Au11:ust _____________________________
September _____ -----------·-------·
October
________
------·-------·----November
_________________________
December __ -------···--------------
437
4116
473
482
477
313
322
336
335
321
296
2119
2113
296
114
78
264
272
270
71
1
24
352
439
449
19(1
239
238
232
262
326
274
287
254
279
283
442
459
471
478
462
356
419
482
459
418
391
384
258
274
244
228
223
195 I
(0)
72
72
70
240
116
43
35
27
22
18
24(1
5
5
4
4
a
2
2
2
2
2
tQ,'1
JanuRry ____
. - - . --- . ------------Fehruary ___
March ________ --------------------
tr;;'_-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
June _______________________________
!
I
12
10
8
8
7
7
2
2
2
2
2
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
A Fit(ures represent the number ol recipients of public relief or persons employed durin11: the calender montb except where otherwise specified.
Administrative employees are excluded. Source: WPA, Division ol Statistics except where otherwise specified_
8 Estimates ol the net number or households and persons receivin~ public relief and employment on Federal work programs during the month.
Does not include employment on regular Federal construction projects, which increased substantially during the fiscal year 1941, reflecting expansion In
construction for defense purposes_ Duplicstion within the three special types of puhlic assistance, and hetween these types an<l general relief, estimated
by the ~ciel Security Board for months suhsequent to June 1936. All other adjustments for duplication pn'pared by the WI' A Divisions of Statistics
and Uesearch.
c Average weekly employment on WPA projects, includlol( those operated hy other Federal agencies. Corrected to •.\.ugust 10.
0 Source: :'1/atioMI Youth Administration for months subsequent to June 1939.
• Avera~e enrollment. Source: Civilian Conservation Corps.
r A \'Crnl(e weekly employment during the month ending on the 15th of the specified month. Source: TT. 8. Department of Labor, Bureau ol Labor
Statistics.
0 _.\. \'ernge weekly employment on other Federal agency projects financed from EUA acts during the month ending on the 15th ol the specified
month. ~ourc,,: C. S. Depertment of I,nhor, Jlurean of Labor Statistics.
H Derived from peak week employment In each state.
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131
APPENDIX
TABLB :XX.-NUMBIDR OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND NUMBER
OF RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC Ass1sTANCE, BY PROGRAM A-Concluded
CONTINENTAL USITKO 8TATE8
MONTHLY, JANUARY 1933-JUNB 19U
(In thousands]
Employment on Federal work programs and recipients or public BSSistanoe-Concluded
Employment on
regular Federal
Special types or public 11SSistanoo •
General relier '
Old-age 118Sistanoo
Aid to dependent
chlldr.,n
1,600
1,623
1,646
1,662
1,677
1,657
:
234
241
247
252
2.'i6
258
1, 7071
1,716
1, n1 I
1, 746
I, 762
1,776
1, 787
1,799
1,813
1,R:!O
1,!!.12
1,842
1,858
1,871
1,884
I, 894
1,903
1,900
I
I
I
1,922 I
1,927
1,932
I, 941
I, 953
1,967
I, 986
2,001
2,016
2, (!34
i
I
!
I
I
2, 0.51
2. 0(;6
Aid to the blind
construction
Farm Security
Administration
grants M
projects
60
60
62
62
108
119
126
117
112
93
141
134
144
161
190
209
260
265
268
271
274
280
63
64
65
65
66
67
1,610
I, 581
1,526
1,497
1,518
I, 631
69
222
230
248
246
22S
202
July.
August.
September.
Octooor.
November.
December.
287
296
298
296
209
311
67
67
68
68
68
68
1,772
1,844
1,850
1,724
126
123
127
113
87
69
171
161
163
1!<1
209
242
19/19
January.
February.
March.
April.
l\ ay.
June.
312
312
313
313
313
315
68
69
69
69
69
70
I, 539
I, 583
1, 66.5
1,628
1,SS9
I, 558
46
48
66
260
274
284
28S
281
96
262
325
329
334
33~
342
70
70
70
71
1,674
1,671
1,612
1. 527
1,442
I, 3.'>4
106
115
119
87
72
60
211
205
224
256
286
314
31
43
35
34
36
44
332
34,5
391
456
614
712
57
57
66
52
35
38
721
7ll7
762
776
723
718
58
1,644
1,568
71
72
346
340
353
357
36()
364
370
72
73
73
1.362
I, 342
I, 258
I, 230
I, 212
1,239
376
383
73
1, 2.57
J
i
11188
January.
February.
March.
1,893
1,996
1,994
1,815
1,696
1,648
57
72
72
72
64
69
78
89
1151
72
53
I
2. 075
2,082
2, 107
2. 125
2. 166
146
2.
Year and month
N
391
38"
392
391
I
73
73 I
74 .
74
74
I
::~~
I
l.
15:i
1,0:11,
934
t["ii-
ay.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
Nowmber.
December.
1940
January.
Fehruary.
March.
AJ"il.
l\ ay.
June.
July.
August.
&-pkmber.
Octoher.
~on•mber.
Dec,•mber.
1941
January.
F1•bruary.
March.
Ari!.
l\ ay.
June.
t For January 1933-January 1936 includes recipients a_ssisted from state and loeal funds only; for wh9"quent months, from Federal, state, and local
funds for pro~rnms administered under state plans approYcd by th,• t!ocial &•curity Board and from state an,! local funds for prol(rams administered
under state laws without Federal partlcipat.ion. Excludes recipients of institutional care, hospitalir.ation and/or burial only and, beginninl( S1•ptcmber
1940, recipi,•nls of medical care only. Corrected to July 15. Source: Social Security Board.
J Partly estimated.
Local poor relief cn.s,•s, for which S<'lllU-ate estimates arc shown for 193.'h%, are included In tlw l(eneral relief 1.otals for sub.sequent
months. t:xcludes ca_ses n•eeiYinR hospitalization a11<i/or burial only and, beginning September 1940, cn.ses receiving !ll('dical care only. Corrected to
July 25. Source: April 1937 to date, Social Security Board.
K Estimated nnmb,•r of cases reccivinR transient relief through state and local emergency relief administrations.
L Partly 1•stimate<I for July-Dee<•mh,,r 1935.
M Net number ol ca.sh !(rant paymPnts made to Individual c&S('S for subsistence plus number of cases reoelvln~ commodities orSurphts Marketing
Administration stamps i!--stU'd by the 1''arm Hecurity Administration. Ordinarily only one cash grant payment per month is made too. case. Source:
Farm ;o;ecurity Administration.
N Aver!II(<' weekly Nnployment durinl( the month endinR on the 15th ol thP s1J<>clf!Pd month. Includes employment on proj,•cts flnanC<'<l lrom RFC
funds. Partly estimated by W PA for months prior to January 1936. Sourt~•: January 1936 to dat,•, U. S. D1•1>flrtmP11I ol Lnhur. llurl'lm of Lahor
Statistics. (Sc,• not,• R.)
o Less than 500 persons.
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132
REPORT 01' PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XXL-AMOUNT OF EARNINGS OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
AND PAYMENTS TO RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM A
CONTINENTAi. UNITED 8TATICS
MONTHLY, JASU.4RY 1933-JUNIC 1941
[In thousands]
Federal work program earnings and payments to recipients or public assistance
National Youth Ad·
Public Works Ad·
ministration
u1inistration o
F
Other
Year and month
Total
B
Work
Projects
Adminis-
tration c
Out-or•
school
work
program
Student
work
program
1933-totaL.. ••••••.••••••••••••••. $1,223,328
66,426
70,984
84,077
78. 227
80, ~19
86, ll.14
84,546
8S, t\82
83, 8.55
90,379
137,552
274,147
January ......•••••.••••••••••.•
February .•••••••••.•••••.•••••.
March .•••..••••••.••••...•.••.
April.. ••.••••••••••••••..••••••
May .•••.•.....••••.••..•.•.•..
June .••••.•.....••.••••••..••••
July .....•..•..••••••••••.....••
August .•..•.••.•.••••••••••..••
September •••.••••••••••••••...
October ..•••••••••..•••••..••..
November .•.•••••••••••••..•...
Decem her ..•••••••••••••••••••.
1934-•totaL ..•••••••••••••••••.••..
Non•Ferl•
era! pro]·
octs
$1,815
$140,736
..•••••••... ....••••••.•
············ ···•·•·•••··
-····-····-- ---·········
--·•······-· --··········
-··········· ···•·•••••••
-·-·······-· ...•.•.•..•.
...•....•••..•.••••...••
·--········· ·······-·-·---···-···- ····-·······
I, 474
6,387
16,992
20, r,79 -··-········
19,096 ---···-·····
19, 169
36
15,575
rn7
20.245
501
20,319
1,121
Federal
projects
$28,902
26
134
1,860
5, 8IO
10,290
10,782
31,932
183,024
----··-····-
260,957
58,43-1
216,728
50.1,060
20,810
20,489
18,761
1,117
1,4n
1,082
9,973
11,374
11,124
tr:/·::::::::::::::::::::::::::
:i~:gt~
:::::::::::: :::::::::::: ::::::::::::
162,381 ..•••••••••. ...••.••.••. .•••••••••••
~:f:O
19,907
•••••••••••• ..•••••••••. .•••••••••••
186,765 .•.•••••..•. ...•••••.•.. ..••••••••..
174,945 -···•······· ··•••••••••· ·········•··
187. MO ••••••••••••.••••••••••• _••••••••••.
203,290 ·-··-······· ............ .••••.•.•••.
20:1,801 -·---···--·--······· --····--····
22,113
25,019
23,114
24, 510
24,674
23.106
218,799
154,549
123,f,30
5
·~
11
1
km
11
$214,956
l=-==l====I====
4,416
5,395
7 282
7'.926
8, :l3o
9,303
7,464
enwn{('ncy
funds
308,193 ...••••..... -····-·--··- ........•.••
247, ~2 ...••••••.•. ---···•····· ..••.•••••••
226. 700 --·········· .•.•...•.... ..•••••.••••
rn~. fi63
agency
proi,>c-t~-
program o
January........................
frhruary.......................
March.........................
June...........................
July............................
August.........................
s.,ptl'Tnber.....................
Octoh<>r. .•••••••••••••••.••.••.
November.....................
December......................
2,:!80,865
.••••••••.••
•.••••••....
••••••••.•••
··••••·••••·
••••••••.•••
..••••..•.••
--··········
--··········
-···----····
Ft•dnal
~.i::is
Civilian
Con.serve•
Uon Corps E
~:m
2.5, 827
25,412
24,931
21,164
18, 9/i2
18,696
14,112
_____,
,
==··==f====l•====l ====l=====l====l====ll====ll====I
2,532,512
$238,018
$6,364 -····-·---332,851
97,679
157,993
$34,225
0
1935-total. •••••••••••••••••••••••.
--1-----·l-----f-----+-----1-----1------1-----1------1
219,102
--······· .......•.... · -·-······-·
2.5, 036
6,770
11. 401l
2m. 4~ ..••.•.....• --·········· -···········
24,305
5,842
10, <J99
207,050 ..•••••••••. ..•••••••••. .••••••••••.
21,437
5,835
11,018
January........................
February.......................
March.........................
m: lMi :::::::::::: :::::::::::: ::::::::::::
~:t::::::::::::::::::::::::::
June...........................
July............................
199, 252
200. 751
200,907
191, 203
2lr.l.fl71
222,995
2-'i.1, 302
August.........................
September.....................
Octoher........................
Nowmber.....................
December......................
1936-total ....•.•.•••••••••••••••...
January .•.••••••••••••.••••... _
f"•.'bruary ••••••••••••••••••••.. _
March .••••••••••.•.•••••.••...
tr:t::: :::: ::::::: :: :: :::: :: ::
June •••••••••••••••••.•••••.. __
July .••••••••••.••••••..•••••. __
August ..•.•.•.••••.••••.••••.. September •.•......•••••••.•...
October .......••.•••••••.••••..
Nm·crnher .••••.••••••••••••••.
December .. _...••••••••••••••••
1937-total .••••••••••••••••••••••••
2
5,312
16,592
32,617
6.'i,015
J18, 480
~: m
~: ~
24, .'i.19
28. 0~
3:1.1\87
3-1, 777
32,106
3:1,582
:12, 120
3,110,013
1,,592,0:JY
=--- ---- ----- ---- -2."6, ,502
134,237
2,528
196
29, 792
261,518
140,672
2,865
l,Ofil
28, 188
2ti9, 423
147,930
3,099
2, 15.l
24,858
2',:l, 2tlO
138. 8.14
3,295
2,903
22, -575
258,856
130,241
24. ;34g
3,580
2, X60
2-'i.5, 963
124,986
3,070
23,518
I, 842
2411, 973
I
2, !i74
121. 621
24,496
25:J, 841
125,068
23, ,;29
7
2, fi82
2.i.>, 814
128. 971
20. 903
342
2,729
135, I~
2, /il6
2:1, 1:13
2ti6, 048
2, 787
2ti!i,859
137,W2
3,122
2, 9:l:!
24,012
258,956
3, 1:12
22,945
126, 789
3,029
= = - - ·- ·2,653,918
24,287
32,664
1,186,266
245, 756
January .••.••••••••.•••••••••.•
F1,hruary .••••.•..•..•••••••••..
"-hrch .....••.•.•.•..••••.•••••
•.pril _...•.•••••••.•.•.•••••••••
"-lay __________________________
....•.••..•.•.•••..••••.•••_
June
July .....•.•••.......•.•.••••.•.
August .... _•••..••••••••••••.••
September. ___________________ _
October.-············-·········
Nov,,mhe-r ____________________ _
Dceembor ••••••••••.....•••••••
246,929
24,\, .574
241\, 172
24:l. 294
236, 784
2'25, 735
20,5, 341
198, 131
193, z-i,;
l9ti, ,117
2tJ:1, 715
212,498
- - - - - ---~-
114. 838
2,007
116. 047
3,227
3,:H6
3, ;147
3, ti42
1,992
116,912
11:1,831
112, 178
106, :168
91. 1\90
82, 778
81, llfi
s1. :mg
82, li:!4
86,475
:~: ~
9,072
16,850 ·.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.
591
9, 122
16, 3S2
10,328
15, \l211 ••••••••••••
I, 32•
9,495
13,905 . .•.•••••••.
4, 36(1
9,362
13,242 ·-··········
7,007
8,641
10,982 --·······-·
9,618
7,136
8, 7.52 . ··-·····- _
II, 325
======•===== = = ~ = ==~===1=====1===·=
26,329
$28,883
292,397
180,043
84,187 ·--······--234,ll!.I
.. : ............ :.......
_. ..•••••••••.
221
..••••••••.
1,6,'hl ···········2,<!95 ...•.•.•.•.•
2, 3\IS --···--·--·
(0)
164
J,5W
I, 977
2,056
3,087
3,245
3,226
3, 191
3,106
2, \120
2,491
2,:348
2, 193
2, 16,\
2. 2t\3
2,429
--------------'-----'--------'------'----
-
6,816
5,930
7,861
12,920
16. 3tl3
19, 274
19, 9f,6
20. 21-;6
19, 780
18, 370
17,323
1.5, 154
7,526
223
1:7 339
8,014
8, f,11
9, 125
7, 299
7,051
6, 496
6,077
5, 128
4, 278
141,920
34, 154
12,004
3,374
2, 9!l0
2,862
3. 116
3,075
3. 12:1
3,154
2, 924
2,X72
2,540
2,240
1, ~75
12. 121
12, 9"20
14, 724
17, AA4
21, HJ
23, 721
23, s&i
24, :N
~1: M:
20,079
lb, (1(1.'i
--1----1----1------1
24,485
24, I~
21. 238
21. Z-ll-<
21. 039
19, :156
19, :1:14
19, 4:19
16,312
18, :179
20 SiH
9121
-----
II, oi40
11. 074
232
13, 742
14, 112
13,:!l,5
12. 11:J(I
II, 91\1
JO, 337
9,414
7,499
n
1
19:
-
8<'<' footnotes n t end of tnhle.
Digitized by
Google
14,();;4
12. :!Vi
11. ,LO
)3, 219
14.tm
14,941
13, J;-9
12,:IM
11. 534
JI, 377
10,539
9,347
I
1'
133
APPENDIX
TABLE
XXL-AMOUNT OF EARNINGS OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAi, WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJllCTS
AND PAYMENTS TO RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM A-Continued
CoNTtNIINTAL
u,.,n:o
STATIIR
MONTHLY, JANUARY 1933--JUNJI 1941
[In thousands]
Federal work program earnings and payments to recipients ol public assistance-Continued
S{)('Cial typ<'s of public
assistance 1
General relief
R 1
f;"j
epen "~l,.::~n-
OM-~•
assis-
tance
1----\
AM,.
""
the
blind
Total
Federal F.merie,•ncy Relief Administration special programs
1
F.arnings
on reguFarm
Security
I
N
•--
onrelic!
ie'lf.~ :.'::~~
sil'nt
K
Km.,.
Co».,
student
grncv
education · aid
R""'
rehohilitalion L
:,:.~/!;
grants
lar Federal construction
projects N
Year and month
M
rolil'f
$26_071
$40,504 _s:;,839
$758,752 $16,3791 $742,373 ________ $6,307 _
2, :i22
3,670
493
59,615
1,049
58,566
2,313
3,431
474
M,438
1,0:ll
6.1,407
2,249
3,487
479
77,442
1,011
76,4:ll
2. 207
3,406
496
70,309
1,098
69,211
2,175
3,406
479
68,037
I, 128
66,909
2, 159
3,322
480
63, :1.59
I, 142
62. 217
2,131
3,252
,500
57,719
1,318
56,401
2. !Oi
3,281
478
59,372
l,,>21
57,&51
2.m1s
3,293
479
56,598
1,1104
54.994
2,073
3,293
501
62,531
1,904
60,fi27
2,008
3,297
483
67,971
1,899
66,0;2
2, 139
3. 366
49i
51, :161
I, fi74
49,687
==-===r===-=~=
32, 244
40, 1\86
7,073 I, 143, lfi4 23, 96.l I, 119,201 $.57, 451
$443
$3
$134,830
_______________
326 __________ ---------- ---------- ---------328
---------- ---------- --------420
_________ ---------335
__________ __________ __________
33,5
---------- __________ ---------322
________ ---------~19
__________ __________ __________
314
--------- ---------- ---------322
__________ __________
43.5
4
------- - --------671
64
________________
1, 160
375
3 ___
193:1-total.
I0,910
10,ll!JO
11,670
12,690
14,810
15,770
13,990
12,2f.O
12.000
8,810
6,i55
5,075
January.
February.
March.
April.
Moy.
June.
July.
August.
September.
October.
November.
December.
- 33,150
- -12,800
==
===
7, ;75
$7,344 __________
55,718
- - --- ---- --- ---- --- --- ----
48, :1,:1
I, 812
46, f,41
543
I, 679
50,210
I, 829
48,390
I, i36
516
59, 104
61,025
I, 921
514
2,266
2,02(;
91, 1140
2,:198
89,914
6,152
54:!
2,132
97,698
6, 112
2,494
530
99. 830
93, r,44
95, 43.5
1,801
6,050
591
2,444
97, ;,69
5,931
99,417
I, 848
2,681
637
111, 519
109,516
7,030
618
2.0o:l
3,037
105,411
1,91!8
10:1,413
5,591
3, 0.58
628
115, 788
113, MO
3, r,16
2, 148
6,238
662
128,376
2,093
126, 28:1
&l!J
7,404
3,722
1:t1, ,580
J:l5, 851
6,89:1
4, 0!.9
2, 2fi2
652
- - - ---·- - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- 41, 7'1:l
7,070 I, :180, \~59 30, 7211 1,350, 23:1 52, 2'..!3 40,012
:l,389
3,:J61
3,413
3,353
3,385
3, :i.53
3, :181
3,401
3,357
3,409
3,413
3,471
2,342
2,331
2,373
2, 3il
2,426
2,474
2, r..'l3
2,672
2,750
2,919
3, 114
3,919
- - - -6-1, OOH
4, .j()fi
4, K'fi
4, ;:18
4, no
5, 109
5,~iO(i
5, Ml
5, 651l
6, 8li
6,002
6,306
6,539
3,417
6M
3,397
639
3,422
fi38
a 4"''
6r,o
3: 4ti3
ll-11
3,417
6:J8
3 46!,
681
3: 481\
r,,;o
3. 4;2 I
669
3,526
603
3,.559
683
3,626_ =_604_
IM. 241
49,654
1
12,813
I
150, s;9
131<. 128
13\1, !117
1:15, sr,2
1:1:l, O!IS
1W,H2
121, 287
112. ,r.2
95, 47!1
9;, fi8\I
78,fi05
57,721
2,448
2, 41\/;
2, !i;J7
2.
2. 491!
2,:!77
2, 474
2. 1,2
2, t\10
2, li72
2,i:!;
2,822 _
437. 135
___
, ,~J
148. 4;11
135, lltill
J:17, :1:llJ
133. :102
130, ,,!~I
lt7,0ti5
! IS. ,'1:l
110. :1,0
92, 8fi\l
95, 01;
i5,SfiS
54,S!IY
4,304
3,822
4,029
3,848
3, 784
5,H28
3,476
5, i86
3, i32
4..,24
3, ;;5
2, ll4fi
3, 184
2, 14i
2, 755
1,0\12
1,994
46~1=1~~09~
j
547
I, 268
1,:140
l,:l&j
18,545
7,137
49,302
2,271
2, 178
2,344
2,284
2,235
1,548
I, :12'2
1..¼l
I, 024
794
688
29:l
I, 346
I, 347
I, 378
1,385
I, 297
384
I, 404
3,978
3, ~m
3,812
7, 03:1
3,840
11, 14r,
4,477
10, 4;',0
4,839
8,932
5,108
4, 779
4, ll86
1. 807
s, 260
562
5,825
i8
6, 794
36
99
6,986
6 ~-2,442 _6,:140
3, 748
125
________
___ __
__
I
21,644
22.f,35
Zl.lKl2
:11,:m1 j
2t ;s:i
24.410
2,,,,119
2ti,,;8
27,1'!2,
70,451 : 16, 171
4,941 ' 1,2171
5,107
1,234
5,378
l,2r,9
5,496
1,21;s
5, nm
1. 2,0 I
5,740 I 1,:111
5.tnl4
1,:129 I
6,125
1,:154
6,3o:! 11,440
Hj~ Hii I
1
406, 718 - - -
1
-
-
-
103 I
464
I
3
37,XSO
96
2081
I
39.2r.!I
_ __________
40
128
I
39,7861
27
121l
1
:ir..74,5
_ __________ ____ ___ ___
_______
:10. 1;15 1
2.1,22fi I
-------- ----- -- --------2\1,015
_ ________ _ ______ ______ _ __________
29,!15.5 I ------ ---------- -------- -----30,274 I _______ __________ ________ ________
-
$2,541
__ ____
-;.oig~3Tss.-47,~12,~---_-_----324_1_778 ---39-__ _ _ _
7,713
3, i70
979
46.X[,8
__ - --------19:\
534
15
8,273
3,807
1,010
44 • .555
______ --------- ·
1821
4.58
14 __________
9,247
3,9.51 '1 1,024
40,070
------ ---------198
:J20
11 ---------9,902
4,010
1,045
34,!177
------ ---------lf,3
2fi8
12 ---------10,609
4,2:1811,0iO
33,184
______ __________
142
227
12 __________
13.0XS
4,271
1,0821 30,831 _ _____ __________
114
191
10 ----·-··-I, 102
29.fii9 _ _____ __________
92
178
6 _________
14,947
4,0.14
1
16.288
4,2:J:I I 1,122
30,057
13!l I
188
2 ---------18,004
4,401 I 1, 1441
30,722 ------ - -------132
187
2 -------4,588
I, 163
31,1134
____ _
10.5
WO
1 _ ________
19,:lll3
4,818 I 1,1791
36,:147
_
881
229
I __
_
20,788
310, 4421
1934-totRI.
3,628
3, 113
2,811
4,780
5,339
5, 192
5,062
5,432
5,238
5,:121
5,209
4, 59:1
2
600
1,183
708
72..'i
908
026
l,Ol5
1, r,7
19
:!II
837
950
948
287
January.
February.
March.
April.
Moy.
June.
July.
-~ugust.
September.
October.
Nonmber.
December.
---- ---- - - - ---- - - -
7, 2or,
6, 03fi
5, 2fil
5, 21l{i
6, 138
I, 869
--·------- ----------
I, 160
1,519
I, 675
I, 332
871
403
384
5.11
491
1,102
I, 594
I, 729
-
20, 365
________
-
---------- ---------__________ __________
____________________
__________ _
u~ i ~:ru 1-::::== :::::::::= ==:=:=== ::::::== ::::====:= :::::::::: ---------
I
19~'i-total.
January.
Febmary.
March.
April.
May.
June
July.
Au1rnst.
September.
October.
Novt'mber.
December_
139,955
1936-total.
2.,88 --5,651
2,.5117
5,042
3, lfil
5,344
2,014
7,216
1,307
7,720
94r,
10,973
51\3
1.5,409
80,,
16,224
1,148
16,306
1,a1;;
18,087
1,416
16,fi04
2,174
15,:179
__________
---------------·--__________
__________
__________
---------- -------________
__
-
62, 2..54
:15, X94
214, 709
5,484
3,75.5
5,r.5:J
5,wo
3. 1,11
3,2:!f>
941
1,346
!, !Qi
13,63.5
12.729
13,1:14
t5.ti50
16. :1r,4
IS.467
21,145
21.017
23. 1111
t~
~un
January.
f'rbruary.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Au~u.•t.
September.
October.
Novrmher.
December.
I
1937-total
January.
February.
l\1arch.
April.
l\1Ry.
Junr.
July.
Au,.m~t.
Sept>'mber.
0<'tohn.
Non•m})(lr,
December.
See footnotes nt end of table.
Digitized by
Google
134
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XXI.-AMOUNT OF EARNINGS OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
AND PAYMENTS TO RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM A-Continued
CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES
MONTHLY, JANUARY 1933- ·JUNE 1941
[In thousands)
Federal work program earnings and payments to recipients or public assistance-Continued
Year and month
Total
B
Work Projects
Admlnistration c
National Youth Admlnistration
°
1-------------1
Student work
program
I
1
Out-o!·school
work program
Public Works Admlnlstr&tlon F
Civlllan Conservation
Corps "
l-------1-------11------1 - - - - - - · I - - - - - - - I
11138-total. _... ..
$3,236,383
$1,750,836
January......
February.....
March . ......
April.........
May..
.....
June .. _ ....•
221,157
231,347
247,661
256, 146
263,620
272, 707
93,060
103,092
119,693
131,419
137,916
146,068
July_.........
August.......
September . . .
October __ . .•
November....
274,926
282,520
284, 587
295,396
302,239
January......
February.....
March
....•
April.. . . .. ...
May_
.....•
June. .......
July . . -•-··
August ...... .
September ... .
Octoher ... .
No ..ember ... .
Derember ... .
•m
2:16, 706
11140-total. __ . __ ..
2, 723, 236
January ... .
Fchrusry .... .
March ___ .. .
A/1ril. __ .... .
1\- ay__ .... .
June ... .
244, 269
$19, 598
Non-Federal
projects
I
I
ects--cmer•
$230,318
$97,355
2,552
2, 688
2, 739
2, i66
3,075
3, 68.5
19,940
19,461
18,336
18,311
18,014
17, 174
6,2118
6,000
5, 706
6,824
7,965
8,601
155, 709 . . . . •.........
167,999
6
169,659
211
176, IO0
1,980
177,229
2,408
3, i01
3,903
3, 930
4,028
4, 193
19,848
20,334
18, 767
20,367
20,514
8,019
8, 220
8,326
9,070
10,664
297,225
292,827
299, 783
289,485
285,,561
277,054
160,606
154,765
162..,96
152,457
147,979
140, .~97
4,347
4,472
4, 451
4,318
4,286
3,993
20,642
20,689
18, !03
19,974
20,432
18,637
12, 781
13,059
12,903
15,008
18,383
21,600
4,031
3,283
3,276
4,094
4,206
4,216
251, 923
246,402
122, 112
111,593
2,561
4, 145
19,317
19,372
19,867
20,683
18, 126
16, 765
13,993
3,078
3,025
2,812
2,572
2,279
1,834
1,996
2, 166
2, 203
2,255 1
2,4061
1,550
gency funds e
Federal
projects
$41,560
1------
Other Federal
agency proj-
$67, i93
$21,357
----I, 316 ----7:3931
1,069
1,041
1,078
961
800
I
•mi
6,720
8, ,576
12, Q.10
14,493
I
7,211
706
1,106
757
1, 178
2,597
2, 722
938 I
"26
3,946
4,274
6951
Dcrember ...• 1===3=04=,O=i=7=1====1=7=2,=8=92=1c====2,=4=1=7=1====4=,=4=00=1,===1=9=,=25=2 l====l=I·=66=2=1======:======
l~total .. -. _...
3, 185, 156
1,565, 224
22, 707
51,538
230,513
204, 122
38, 706
4,457
I
~~
2,266
2,457
2,446
2,494
2,494
1,935
(0)
5
~
101,986
I05, -~9
111,894
2,390
2,952
2,962
1,269,447
248,395
253, [>84
247, 737
239, 153
218, 714
109, 759
115,032
124,363
119,959
114,339
100,419
July. - .. August
September
October
November
December.
211, 840
213, 288
203,056
216, 141
200. 214
217,845
97, 086
97,333
93. 507
IOI, 789
93. 532
102,329
106
2,236
3, oc,4
3, JOO ,
11141:
January
..
f',•hruary ... _.
March . . . . . .
April. ....... .
May ......... .
June ....•.....
221,979
21,\ 023
216,039
208,430
198,841
187,876
103,514
04, 080
97,400
93. 689
88,236
80,746
2, 776 I
3, 1651
3,283
3,352 I
3,385 ,
2,592 ,
239,864
243,031
im
4,437
•™
~~
543
[
531
!: I
4921
288
248 I
240 I
r.o I
4,864
5,442
19,308
19,321
17,621
26,864
65, 211
21.,. 84f\
80,606
10,413
2,852
3, 114
3, 2f,6
3, 370
3,427
2,314
5,816
6, 138
6,251
5,932
5,554
5, 708
19. 426
19, 60.,
17,479
18, 051
17. 908
15. 872
10,822
9,477
8,100
8, 734
8,003
8,394
1,447
1,268
1, 155
1,138
1,000
2
3, 407
4, 759
4,822
4, 01 I
5, 4.,o
6,463
18, 137
19,022
16. 828
18,479
1s 125
16: 314
6, 899
767
692
644
540
509
367
i:r:i!
I
8.929
17, I JO
18,152
16, 178
15,073
1-------·1-------1------·l------
4
I
I
I
5, 738
4, 586
3,602
3, 047
2,304
I
512
206
ml
I
1,585
I
mI
I
144
1431
127 ,
165 I
886
I
;i I
1
1:1
151 I
132
.
I
I
8,405
8,115
7,992
I
I
I
!
14, 76..'i
12. 90~
6041
I,
1,496
I, 158
l:&~
I
881
137
114 I
249
239
201
213 I
204 '
175
m1
118 I
117 I
·---
--
• Figures exclude cost or administration and materials, equipment and other nonlahor eosts. Earnings represent totals shown on pay rolls ending
within Uw C'Rlf'ndar month PXC"f'pt wtwrP otherwis<> srw<'ifled. Sour('{': \\'PA, DlYision of Statistics, ex~pt where otherwise specified.
B Docs not include Parnings on re~ular ~~edcral C"onstruetion proforts.
c lnrludcs \VPA proj1•cts operall'd hy other Fedt•ral agenc;ic>s. ('orrectt'd to Aug. 10.
D Sourrt': Nationnl Youth Administration for months suhs,. . quPnt to Jum• 1939.
E Estimated on basis or av1•ragl' monthly c·nrollnwnt. and av<•nLJ.tt• monthly lwn1-.fits or $70 1wr rnrollrt• for months prior to July 1939, or $6i for the
months J11ly-Ortotwr 1939, and of $fiH.2,5 for suh~Qtli'nt months. SourC'e: Civilian C1_ms1•rnition Corps.
• Totnl eRrnin~s shown on pay rolls ending durin~ the month ending on the 15th of the s1~•,·ifi,•<i month, Souret•: r. S. llepartmt>nl of Labor,
Bureau or Labor Statistics.
o Estimated monthly ,lfstrihntton or wrPkly pay roll figures.
n Total Parnings on othl'r FP•lPral ag1•rn·y prnjPrts flnan('t>•i from F.RA arts !-thown on pa)· roll._ 1•nclinJl d11rinf! tht> month endin,t on thl' 15th or the
spccitlc•d month. SourCl•: r,... S. Drpartmrnt or Lnhor, Hurra11 of Lahor ~I.a.ti.sties
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135
APPENDIX
TABLE
XXJ.-
AMOUNT OF EARNINGS OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJIDCTS
AND PAYMENTS TO RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY PROGRAM A--Concluded
CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES
MONTHLY, JANUARY 193.3-JUNE 19U
[In thonsemls]
I
Federal work pro11:ram earnings and paylllents to recipients or public assistanoo-Concluded
--
'
Special types or public assistance
I
1
---------O kl
dependent
.....,e nssistance I Aid tochildren
General relier J
I
Aid to the blind
I
I
31. 186 1
31, ~o.1 I
31,782
32,012 I
32,319
32,276 I
32,826 I
32,915 I
~:m
33, 981
I
II
Earnings on rel(U·
!ar Federal constructlon pro)·
Jects N
Year and month
I
I
$97,H2 I
$18,958
$476,203
$22,579
I
$250,592
7,357 I
7,572
7,874 !
7,880 I
7,886
7,9871
8,013
8,300 I
1,451
1,489
1,519
I, 527
1,655
1,580
46,404
47, 'JJll
47,471
41, 113
37,337
36, 74·,
2,204
2,473
2,577
I
15,977
14,361
15,444
17,800
20,019
21,660
January.
February.
March.
~ril.
ay.
June.
1,603
1,619
I 634
1:643
I, 600
35,999
36,244
35 406
34'.934
36,476
24,084
24, 707
694
July.
August.
Scptemher.
Octoher.
Novcmher.
Decemher.
I
I
Secnrit.y
Farm
Administration
grants"
I
I
$392,3841
I
:::~ I
8, 739
I
2.325
2, 156
I, 756
I
I
I, 2111
l·MI
I
1:483.
I, 703 '
~'.0021
23, 358
19.'lS-total.
=====34. 740 1=====8=·=9=39=1=====1=,=6"=,8= ======40=·=86=5= ======2,=263= =====20=,586=1
20. 152 I
430,480
482. 653 1_ _ _ _ _1_9,_0.55_1 _ _ _ _3_1_0._58_1_, 1939---totai.
114,949 I
35, 006
3.1, 120
35, 1ss
35. m
35. 198
35, 797
36,
184
I
I
1
1
i~:m
I
36.335
9, 22fl
9,:1115
9, 49R
9,212
9,279
9,58.5
I
9, f,30
l,fl87
I, 704
I, 714
I, 719
I, 714
I, 729
9,712
9,840
1~:~~
133,239
38, 1921
38, 525
38. 311 I
38, 483
38,651
39, 189
10, :is.1
IO, f,13
10,721
10,839
10,892
10,982
39, 6431
39, 1143
40, !134
40, 864 I
41,:JOO
11,090
11, 223
11,328
I, 832
I, 82\J
11, h.5H j
11,718 I
1,848
I
I
-~
43,838
44,074
45,659
·1
~™
12,866
12, 8.56
12,
I
1
19, 068
17, 284
18, 780 I
19,898
22, 66.5 I
27, 639 I
January.
Fehruary.
March.
April.
May.
June.
i
I, 818
l=====4=1=,8.58==-l=====l=l,=990=:=~=~
12,298
13, 192
I
July.
I, 729
36,329
828 I
:: ~~ I
Alll(USt.
I, 739
1
I, 736 ,
::~:
I
33,020
Septcmher.
I, 744 I
867
31,997 I
Octoher.
38,831
I, 763 I
38, 434
l, 165
32, 0112
November.
I, 774 '
38, 785
1, 702
30, 58S
Decemher.
I
=====4=04=,94=6=,~=====1=8=,254=
5t7,3ill 1 1940-totai.
21,826
41,64,5 l------2-,(1()8--------24-,994-i
January.
I, 783
790 i
February.
I,
40, 502
2, 293
24. 318
March.
I, 793
39. 196
2. 805
25....,08
I, SOO
36, i88
2, 500
30, 337
April.
1,Hm
May.
34,405
2, IH
34,272
1,822
31,447
I, 616
36, 275
June.
I
42,523
43,001
2, 391
2, 327
2, 492
2,242
I, 689
I, 284
•t~
9,fifi3
36 626 '
36: 8.'!8
=====4=7=4,999
43, 699 I
45, 025 .
46, 650
41,284
39, 389
37, 189
I
8061
32, 192
31, 732
28,547
29. :i;9
I, 846
1,862
29,m3
j = __
8681
39,440
43, i99
47, 0:l8
56, 120
69,201
30,tJ.'<O l=-=====l,=03=7=l,==~==-=-86=·=•0=7=4-I
I,
I, 871
I
30, 544
28,872
I, 894
I
26, 21l9
23. 272
20, 1i80 I
~~
I,
883
I, 894
637
940
732
811
831
•™
I, 45,5
1,617
I, 95:l
1,607
I.~~
July.
Au~ust.
September.
Octolwr.
November.
Deoomher.
1941:
January.
Fchmary.
March.
April.
106, 41.1
Mny.
JIii, lo:l I
June.
103,323
113,700
Ill, 136
I 16, l,12
I
-----------------------
I For January 1933---January 1006 represents payments rrom state 11nll local funlls only; for suhs,-1uent months, rrom Fe<h-rnl, state, and local runds
for proJ?;rams administered under stnh• plan!'I approv~ hy the Social Security Bon.rd an<l from state aml )ocal funds for programs administered under
state laws without Federal participation. ~:xcln<les cost or institutional care. hospitalization and burials and, he~innin~ September 1940, costofmedl•
cal care. Corrected to July 15. Sourc,•: ~ocial t-ecurity Bonrd.
J PnrtlyestimatL•<l. Loral poor relier, for which scpnrnte estimates 11re shown for 193:1-3,1. is inrlucled in the ~enernl relief totals lorsuhsequent months.
Excht<les cost or hospitalization and buriuls a.ml. he~inninJ.r :4eptemher llHO, cost. of medical care. C'orrcctrd t.o July 2.')_ Rource: April 10.17 to date. Social
Security Board.
K Partly estimated.
Ohli~nt.ions incurred rrom r'edernl, state, and local funds ror transient relier extended to cases by state anll local Nner~ency
relief administrations.
L Partly estimate<! for Jul)·-Dec-emher 1935.
M Net amount of cash grant payments made to individunls. for subsistence plus cost to Ji·nrm 8ecurity ..\dministmtion of cornmoditi~ Rnd Surplus
Marketing Administration stamps is.•med to imiividuals. Sot1rt"(>: FRrm ~C1c11rity Atlministrntion.
s Tot.al earnings shown on pay rolls ending rluring ttw month ending on th~ l!'tt.h of thl' specified month. lncludl"~"' t\,Srnings on RFC projucts. Partly
estimate<! hy W PA for months prior 10 January 11136. Source: January 1006 to llate, U. S. Department or Labor, Bun•HU of Labor Statistics.
o Less than $.',00.
432810°- 42--10
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136
REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM
TABLE XXII.-NUMBER OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUC'TION PROJECTS AND NUMBER
OF RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY 8TA1'E AND BY PROGRAM A
JUXE 190
Employment on Federal work programs and recipients ol public assistance
I
~ - - - - - - - -!EmployNational Youth
Special types ol public
I mt>nt
on
. A<lmini::;t.ration
a.i;sistance
Farm
r~•g-ular
Work
Proj!',•ts
Adminis• Student
tration
work
(em·
ployce.s) pr;:!';~m
ployees)
State
Out-ol•
school
work
program
(em•
ployees)
Civilian
Other ,----~--·--------1
Consl'r· F('deraJ
I
General
vat ion 8j!encie.s c Old·B!!C
,
A.d
h
rehel
Corps •
;cm• I assist•
Aid to de· I I tot e (cases)
(en•
ance
l><'nclent the hltnd
rolloos)
ployees) I (rrcipchil<lr~n
\ri•cip·
irnts)
(lannhes)
1ents) \
I
Security f Pdt•ral
Adminis- con~truetrat10n
t
grants
proJ<•c-ts
'
(C'mployC'C'S)
'?"
vJf.~t~~)
•
-----------11-·-----------------1-----··-----1----------UnitedStates __ .••....• 1,:175,836
3.56,303
383,935
194,742
9,347 2,166,132
391,19,>
74,0321°934,000 I B37,606 I 718,303
Alabama........................
-
- ---~----- ------- -- ---------1---- - - -
Arizona..........................
Arkans8.'I. .•.••. .•.•.. .. ..•. .. ...
California....... . .. .. . . ...
Colorado •••••••.. - ........
32,037
,;, f>08
29, 757
56,867
16.939
3,529
I, 842
I, 377
19, 137
3,240
II. 758
I, i78
7,996
12,370
3,083
8, 17,>
4, f>26
9, 39'Z
4, 761
2,057
165
2IO
Connecticut •.. -.·-· ... ·-·.
Delaware.
Dist.rict of Columbia .•.. ··-·· . .
Florida_ .. _ .. _...
Georgia._ ......... :::. ____ ......
6,921
I, \159
7. 1109
25,372
30,061
2, 776
454
I, 582
3. 4,>I
II, 987
3,008
881
I, ,>42
6, 6,'ll<
12,021
392
151
431
3. 3.10
6. 684
401
257
140
Idaho.······-······ - ······-· . . - .
Illinois ...•...•.••. ····-··- ... . .
Indiana .. ·-····· .•.•••••• ·- .....
Iowa ...•..•.•••.•.•••••• ·-·---.
Kans8.'I.- .....•.••.•..•... -·-·• · ·
6,444
95, ,119
34, 06,
18. 8:l0
20. 280
l,M0
25, 7112
7,872
5,793
5. 179
I. 345
24,104
10,886
6,726
5,770
670
6,754
2,Ml
1,631
1,978
Kentucky .••...•..... -·····-·.·Louisiana ---------------------Maine.
Maryland:.::::::::::::::::::: ·
Msssachusetl.8.- ....•..••• ··-. _
29, 148
28. 736
4,fm2
8,172
57,142
2,702
6,162
2, 35.,
3,382
IO, 389
7,421
10,207
3,228
6,495
II, 182
7. 563
5, 79.,
849
924
2. 582
Michigan .... -··--·-··-········ ..
Minnesota ... -.·- ....•.....•.. _
Mis.sis.sippi. .... ·-·-······-- ...
Missouri. ..•. ·-··-··········- ..
Montana. ------------·-·------ -
48,838
36,941
28. 483
51,871
8,415
17,659
9,084
4,261
8,088
2,601
11, 278
S. 2.';.1
7, 68,5
14,874
1,602
4,313
4,447
6,919
7,493
I, .'HI
Nebraska . ---------------·------Kevads _
New Hampshire ... ·-··-···- · ·· · ·
New Jersey ......... ·-·····-·· . .
New Mexiro ...... -·-·········--
20,176
1,2:ll
4,820
42. 471
IO. Of,6
5,369
215
9,&14
2,022
4,385
380
832
11,201
I, 583
New York
-----·····-·-- North Carolina .................
North Dakota ... - - - - -- .. - .. - - - Ohio.
---------------·
IOI, 919
30,302
9,918
80,670
32,100
42, 70!
5. 500
4, 3.14
19,399
8,018
Oregon ..
----------------·
Pennsylvania .. _. --------------Rhode Island. ----------------South ,arolina. _............. _..
South Dakota.····-··········· •
T<"11nessee. _.• _________________
9,096
93,018
6,038
25,801
9,764
.I
Oklahoma:::::: ---------------
'J~f>X8S
·-------·----------·
Utah ..
--------- -------- ---V t•rmont. _____________________
_
Virginia ... ---------------·-----
29,449
73,850
8,425
2,fil\2
Ii, 378
I
20,086
8,863
26,046
IS6, :529
42••>51
5,801
2,471
6,462
15,864
6.362
Ii, 636
2,507
3,494
37. 688
.,!, 742
FI, 29()
624
982
4, 23-1
4, 749
23-1
2,536
I, 576
8,742
951
2,075
8,343
5,880
3,048
i,400
17,032
3,485
6,610
278
7. 410
2. 36H
I. 527
I, 402
I, 4IO
11:1,000
H 23,400
18. 759
12,186
445
653
178
146
14
9,318
146, 1\.16
67. 2:!6
56. 983
28. 885
13
80
126
57,806
36,000
12. ,>02
Ii, 942
87,070
430
15, fil2
1,f>-15
6. ,>31
12, fi84
I, 26(1
I.Oil
671
I, 175
• 5,000
12,244
6.898
7. 240
36. 732
401
I, 106
204
158
8
l1l
52
!!8, 768
63,081
26. 621
113, 787
12,464
21, 4.511
9,398
9'J9
13. 937
2. f,43
I, 244
9i5
!, 071
•3, 200
260
32. 829
23. 303
745
19,879
3.004
413
1,075
370
I, 384
835
6, ,>ZI
4. 4-'1
15, 9f,6
22. 987
2. 251
1,883
278
2.19
2,337
3,241
451
I
13
46
392
29,024
2,317
6. 994
31. 174
4, 7S0
5,852
110
.578
10,486
2, Oil
718
Ii
330
739
218
I, 239
63
85
221
3. ,1711
2,014
7.246
38.0W
4, 70-.I
30. 754
IO. 70!1
2,501
23,440
7,831
7,965
6,261
2. :107
5. 987
9,016
882
2
583
33
121,496
37,M9
9. 2:l4
137,871
76,469
33. 20:1
9,858
2,502
II, 82(1
rn. 562
2,845
1,911
219
3,998
2,153
'199. 949
4. 43,'i
2..5,>6
ii, 980
K 11,514
218
45->
368
482
1,594
30. 9(11
11, 3(l,
I, 2!l2
25, 81f,
4,22';
2,984
24, 2:l9
I, 765
5, f1,'i2
5,129
3, 143
21. 29,5
I, 781
6,442
2,657
958
II, 77.>
2.>8
3,579
2,609
53
185
45
2,626
I
21,059
103, 567
6,976
17. 68-1
14,968
2,067
63,:mo I
46.>
13,f,>6
84
801
281
6. 581
123,071
F 5,620
2,261
3,126
564
i, !,-19
40, 02ti
20. 147
15,963
1. 727
1,580
18,883
2,238
l,IKl8
8,399
11, 760
22, :178
I, 403
780
8,607
7,762
50
150
230
161
5,377
6
40,154
138. 677
14,284
5, 7i,'>
20, OHO
14,343
• 90
4,024
613
4,342
I, 645
M6
•2,600
9,503
4, s.,5
I, 599
5,352
860
I
14, 88(i
86
34
136
30
1,463
62
24
2
19
56
615
2. 387
404 I
2, 799
I, 142
3, •l&l
7. 290 I "3.1, 340
11 !0.0!3
607
233
B
I, 30,1
3, 7f,(I
I. 522
I
I
183
158
1,02.'i
7,471
• I, 338
692
• 5. 008
780
I
I
I
10
11,339
159
I, 241
12. 261
13.6S4
13,048
2.SM
I, 232
25. 376
41, :w2
2, .',86
5. 301
497
I
I
5,763 II
426 I
F 4. 600
H 26, 539
I I. 759
I
I
10,044
21. 3t,5
8. 218
20, 0.'>9
29. 3.",.I
8
456
4
692 I
1,097 I
I
I
I'
I
16. 306
2. 00.5
2. 788
63, 231
4.86.1
122
3,444
I
I
229 I
34
135
I
I
23.8.~ti
30, f,AA
2..Ill
4f,5
49. 822
402
2.\ 121
16, :166
5,309
1,041
9. 605
6,029
5,476
1,684
57.072
38
"'.a.shi\1.~ton ... ------------- ----5. 9(J,)
12. ,172 I
26, 8.50
31
9, :rno
862
6,047
5,870
5, 165
19. 278
s9 I
'I\ l'SI \ irginla.- .•... ·- .•. ·- .. ·-- _
24,
IOI\
3,744
:JO,
297
21
54,018
12,4M
I,
98:l
76\l
IO,
847
5,694
3,987
\\"iseonsin
----------·I
;;2
3, :-.23
1,870
2, 242
150
8.0
263
811
901
372
27
Wyoming
!
I
-------' 8N' notrs on Tahir XX.
BA vrrrun• PnrollmPnt <111rin~ th(' month by stRt(• rrom which PnrollPrl.
c [nclwlPs t•mploynwut on projPets f\narl(•,~d rrom P\VA fund~ and on othr-r Jo~edc•ral n.g-rncy projt•et.s financed from ERA acts.
u l'artly 1•stiumtvd. l>oPs not r<•pn•seut total of stah' data; ('tl..'-t':- receiving medi<"al cart•, hospitaliznlion, and/or hurial only rxcluded.
1-: lnd11d,•s 4•stimates for two states for which data arL• 11ot available'.
r EstimatNi.
County indfgpnt. aid only. It is rstimnted that, in adciition, :Z,:,,ROO rasC's Wl're aidf"d hy thC' stRt<' r<•Jip( administration.
n lnc·lwt(•s unknown numhC'r of casf's TP('('ivinK mNiiC'».l t'Rfl'i hospitalization, and/or hurinl only.
I ~tnt" proJ!ram only; d,ws not inrludt• proc:rnrn administn1•d hy local olfieials.
J Indud1•:,; e1L"f'S n•c-t•i\·ing 1111•dfral can• only; munhn f14•(ipn•d hy stat1· ngt'tlt'Y to tX' insiJ,rniflrnnt.
K H<'pr ..:i-Pnb 4,;'\oa efl'-t'S 0.i1h•d 1111der pro~ram administl'n•d t,y st1:1k huard of public welfare. and fi,711 ca.,t•s uidPd hy county commissiont>nr
amount of dupliealion bclit>V<'d to hf' la.rg<'.
i
°
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137
APPENDIX
TABLE XXJII.-AMOUNT OF E.~RNJ!',08 OF PERRONR EMPLOYED ON FEDERAL 'WoRK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
AND PA YMENTR TO RECIPIENTS OF PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, BY STATE AND BY PROGRAM •
JUNlt 11141
[In thousands]
Federal work program earnini:s and payments to recipients or puhlic assist.ance
National Youth
Work
Administrat10n
State
Total 8
Projects - - - - ~~'.,~\Student 1
tratt
work I work
proi:ram
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______ _ _ _ _
program
Arlm~':,:8"
l'.nited States
Alahama ----··--···---··---
-\rizona_
.\rk:m~s- _________________ _
C,lirornia_ ... _____________ -f,1lorado. _______________ ---Cunnecticut. _. _________ ... -
t>,~\l:\ware ________________ _
lli,trict of Columbia ______ _
Flnri,ta
.. ___________ _
G{'l(Jfl?ia
_________________ _
l1Ju.ho
Illinois
---------------···
.. _____________ _·
Indiana ___ . _______________ lbW.\
Kansas __- ..
---------------
______________ _
Kentucky. ________________ _
U:iui~i,u1a
\-l:1inc•
_______________ _
______________ _
~!:irylanrl.
~[a.-..sac-husetts. _. _________ --
~lichi~an .... _.. _. -------.
\Iinm:sota ________________ _
~}i
~~:~,>pi _-_ --=--~========= ==
\lnntsna _________________ _
lJ
$18;, 876 I $80, 746
3, I, 209
2,405
12,IIM
3, 239
I, ,'>35
439
1,320
4,28-1
I, 1.50
1,38-1
2'.ll!
479
129
~~
~~
2.
2, OOi
1.
I, 491
818
13,2Ti
4, 43fi
2, s;1
2,338
382
5,649
1,858
1,018
I, 092
2, 11114
3,2.'>-I
1,300
I, 403
:121
11112
1,442
8,784
548
4.162
6,H0
4,8..'15
2, IM
6,581
2,966
2, 103
I, 24.'i
2,007
l,lfl5
,'iQS
Xehrnska __________ ------- \'t>va.da
Xew Hampshire._, _______ _
2, 20;
182
~:; ~~r;:l;.o __ ::~=~=::::::::
4, 719
1,089
I, 152
83
299
2,646
619
Xew York
Xorth f'n.rolina. ___________ _
20, ;oo I
2, ;43
I, 0:!1
10, 'l'Z'i
4,059 I
7,144
I, 446
526
i\i-,uth Dakota .. __________ - . -
I, 4,'ifi
14,fiill
100
2,659
1,221
T(•nne..qgoo _________________ _
Texn.." ___________________ _
2. sr.
~nrth Oakota _____________ _
Ohi11
Oklahoma. ________________ _
0n~on
________________ _
Pennsvlvania
___________ _
HhndP lslnnd . ___________ _
.~outl1 Carolina ___________ _
l"L1h
\'i•nnont ___________________ _
\.if!linia ____________________ _
fi2f)
I
I
I
I
r:ml
I, 751
I
$2,592
Earnings
on rei:m
Special types or puhlic
lar FedFarm
assistance
Security
eral
ronGeneral Adminis- strurtion
C'!~~r- Federal
,
projects
tration
I ,·ati;m ! a¥•n~ Ohl:ai:el Aid to Aid to relief
Corps
cies
assist- <fopemhmt
the I
grants
an""
children hlin,I
I_____________________________
_
I
I
$7, 9112 $12,902
31 I
13
24
221
33
115
318
70
20
3
91
187
I
j
11
16
211
IO
13
71
,
232
JI
443
~
14
33
22,~
5II
44
447
1;6
2
184
6
r:
~
m
53
43
2.~
130
rn9
43
20
21
69
181
94
123
243
501
384
56
61
171
14
26., I
286
2
136
61
30
57
I
:1
~I
67
15
1
1
307 I
m1
275
33
00
7
17
248
321
780
20; I
42
492 ,
640
5, iOO
381
I. 661
570
23
158
29'
':~ I
l,39fi
3,:Ji9
II
186 I
I, 290
I 3.\9
,;m
139
11
24
60
3,815 ,
38
108
131
114
14
34
':1
~I
!!76 I
61
l&I
!
621
468
38'
429
~1
I
204
4,19 '
49fi
100
12.5
18
17
IM
215
528
4 IS
1.53
39;
59i
64
780
17
237
17:1
514
986'
37
II
100 I
356
12(1
!Ti
136
17
112
342
264
2S
I
1$4.5, 6.~0 , $12, R06
12 '
3
"25
I, 432
2, 5591
4,643
32.~
I
622 _
315
136
43 '
2S
140
789
M2
307
! $1, 173
2
7
(R)
I
10
5
(II)
47
2
184
2.50
200
5,909
I, 438
487
211
4:.~
431
I
I
I
I
212
3,39;
1,245
1,;,::
I
51i
48:l
261
320
2.s1s
I
I
I
I
1,.~21
I, 349
233
2,040
254
4117
62 I
152
154
3
3,003 I
382
4
14
4
3211
(D)
82
161 I
3
451
140
286
!
408
2,565 '
381
:i
I
I, 8.'2
I
28;
'·~I
I
5llO I
$1,532
$110, HI!
21 '
46 I
16,
Bi20 j
p 142
656
26
11
86
211
2, 191
256
231
10,349
688
22:1
19
I
6
I
224
38
49
37
I
I
29
11111
14
710
28
868
30
646
26
9
477
84
6
265
24
3
1
8
~~ I
1,5211
166
1s I
2.33J I
70
41
267
01
168
20 I
87 I
192
I
7
69
1
24
6
(B)
45
I
6~
I
0001
17
4
r 582
I 121
73
29
7,241
29
33
782
35
50
~I
ul
6j
108
2,378
138
19
44
19,
015
I
4~
8 .
---1
16,
2.'i
23
2
9
I
41
1141
429
1,699
3,511
2llO
395
Ti6
1, 23;
516
I, 100
6,275
3,245
2, 163
21
141
7
3,365
3,&-l
319
93
8
7
.'>:!
7,302
10
5
32
7
4.~
009
3119
213
I
• See notes on Tnhle XX I.
8 Does not include oornin~s on regulnr Frderal con~ltrnctlon proj('lcts.
c Includes earnings on project.,;; fltmn('<'d from P\\T A funds and on other Federal agf."ncy proj('rts flnanee<l from ERA acts.
0 Partly estimated. l>oes not n.•prPst•nt total of state data: total paynwnts for nH•dical c-:tr{•, hospitalization, and huria1!- ('xcluded.
E County intlig(•nt aid only. It. is t•stimtt.ted that., i11 H<ldition, payrnPnts to t,,ses ttidt•d hy the state n•Jier administnt.tion tolRlf."d $73.3,000.
' Inc-Juries total puymcnt-s ror IIll'dicn.l cure, hospitalilation, and burials.
0
F.stimated.
" Less than $.5()0_
1
State proitram only: does not inelude program administered hy local officials.
Digitized by
I, 187
3,389
978
3,244
4,598
1,423
104
3,835
414
12
1
226
582
7
(B)
lg:: I
132
5,574
8, 8311
5,W.
9
14
I
I, 329
3
10
43
O
119
472
14
30
(D)
t~
6,900
23
~I :1
m! 4; I
3
20
49
10
32
3
16
26
1, m
274
32
22
161
(R)
14
13
4
4
H
O
0
eel
I
19
2,454
F323
274
1711
044
195
147
148
869
17
429
61
1
~
3r
17
1
84
I
351
19
104 ,
92
173
495
fi7
192
D $20,
1
46,'i ,
298'
3,218
I, 377
2.f~
~r
1
6 I
II '
10
058
22
321
21
415
78
667 I
91
$1,894
80 '
81
87 I
758
1931
1
3
47
(B)
I
I
----1
I
4, f,48
,'38
lf.19
I
C'lvll• Other
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INDEX
(Exch11li1111: tah)p,; and charts, which arl' list('(! in table of contents and appendix)
AcC('!-<."ioni< to WP.A projPcts, 42-43.
.\ccomplishmPnt,;, phyi<ical, 3-5, 64-81.
1\ational d('fonse projects, 2~27.
.\tl111i11istrativc employees, 14, 59.
Administrative expem•Ps, 10, 12, 55, 56, 57, 58- 60.
A<lult e<lucation pro11:ram, vocational traininic un<lPr,
35-36.
Su also Educational sPrviCl'll.
.\,h·isory ('011nui""io11 t,o the Council of National
})pfrtll-'l', 29, 33.
Ai,:P of WPA workl•r;;, 6, 52-54.
Ai,:l'd, aid to the, 7, 83, 88--89.
Ai,:riculture, DPpartment of:
Allocation of W l' A funds to bureaus of, 12. 56.
Appropriation of ERA act fuuds for dil-'tribution
of "urplus commodities, 10.
Employment on WP A project!< O))('rat!'d by bureaw,
of, 44.
Set !ll1rn iudividual bureaus of.
Airport amt airway projl'cts:
Accompli;;hmcnts on, 3, 4, 24-25, 68.
Employment on, 3, HI, 46.
Ex1)('11ditures on, 28, 62, 63.
:-iponl-'ol"!'I' participation iu, 63.
Airport !<('rvict'm<'n training projc,ct, 33.
Alit'ns, Ntatutory provisions conccrniug, 12.
Allocatio11 of WPA funds, 55-56,
•.\ppropriations, 1, 7, 9, 5,'i.
See also Em<'r11:<'ncy Rl'lil'f Appropriation Act,
fiscal year 1941; Em!'qi;et1c)· HPli<'f Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1942; individual a11;1•nci1•s.
Arts program, 27, 47, 62, 81.
A1<."ignments to WPA projn•ts, number of, 42-43.
Blind. aid to the, 7, 83. 89, 90.
Blin<l pel"!'lons, provision>< in EBA Act. fi><ral y1•ar 1942,
concer11ing, 13.
B01<ton, MILl'Sachusett1<, l'Xtl't11<ion of suhway, Ho,
Bri<lg1•1<, viaducts. am! culvcrti-, 4, 67.
Ca1111ing projects, 78-- 79.
Certifieation of workl'r" for WPA 1•111ploynll'nt, 13, 40.
C'hil<lrl'n, aid to dependP11t, 7. 83, 89 !10.
Civil Al'r<maut.ic" Adminii<trat ion, 17, 33.
C'ivil Work>< program. 83, 85.
Civilian C'o11Sl'rrn,tion Corpi;, 6, 29, 83, 81>. 88.
Coast Guard, U. S., 20.
Commmiii;its, statutory provii-im1s ronceming. 13.
Community IS<'rvice projPcts, 4. 19. 20. 26-27. 28, 44,
46-47, 62, 63, 69- i2. 73-74. 75. 77-79. 8()-!-l.
See aliw Artia pro.,;mm; Ed111"atio11al services;
l'uhlic hl'alt h projPcts; lfrrrl'at ional services;
WPlfan• projPcts; l'tC.
Compensation, disability and death, 14 .
Conservation projects:
Accompli,.hments on, 7~80.
Employment on, 3, 19, 46.
Expenditures on, 62.
Construction projects, 19, 44, 45, 46, 62.
See also iudividual types of projects.
Costs. (Set Expenditures.)
Crippled Children's Home, 74.
Defense indust,ries employment register, 3~31.
Defe11se projl'Ct8. (See National defense projects.)
Deficiency appropriations, 7, 9, 10, 55.
Depende11t children, aid to, 7, 83, &8-90.
Earnings of project workers:
Amount of, 49, 85, 87.
Exemptions from 11chedule, 12, 19.
Schedule of, 1, 12, 47-49.
Education, Uuited States Office of, 29, 30, 33.
Educatio11al services, 4, 26-27, 28, 46, 62, 7~72.
EightC<'n-month employmeut provision, 13, 42.
Eligibility requirement8 for employment on WP A projects, 12-13, 40.
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, 9, 10, 12.
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1936, 9, 10, 12.
Emcrgeucy Relief Appropriation Act of 1937, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13.
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938, 9, 10, 11,
13.
Emergency Relief Appropriatiou Act of 1939, 10, 11,
12, 13, 35, 47.
Emer11:ency Rl'lief Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1941,
9, 11, 13, 15-16, 19, 42, 59, 62.
Balances, nnohligat.('d, reappropriatcd under, 7, 55.
Funds appropriated, 7, 55.
Funds transferred from WP A to other Federal
age11cil's, 11, 55, 56.
Emerge11cy Relief Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1942:
Employmeut provisio11s, 9, 13, 17.
ExPmptions from prm·isious of, 11, 12.
Fu nrls allocat~•d to other Federal agencies, 10,
l 1--12.
Fu rnls appropriat,('d, 1, 9.
Otlwr pr1n-isio11s of, 13---14.
Projerts approved under, 10.
R1•Htrictio11s on use of funds, 1~11.
Rt.atutory limitations on administrath·e expenditun•s, 10.
Htat utory limit at ious ot1 nonlahor expenditures,
11, 60.
Statutory provisious for spo11sors' contributions,
11, 60.
141
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INDEX
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, ete.-- Co11tin11ed.
8tatutory provisions on employnwnt of Co1111111111ists, Nazi Bund members, etc., 13.
Employment:
Of administrative personnel, 59.
By age of workers, 52--54.
Assignments to WPA projeetl!, 11u111hpr of, 42-43.
Average monthly, 5, 37, 86.
Contemplated for fiscal year 1942, I, 9.
On Federal work pro!l,"rams, 7, 83, 84.
Fiscal years, 1, 5, 37, 43, 86.
Hours of work, 48-49.
In .June 1941, 3, 47.
On national defense projects, 5, 18-20, 45, 86.
Percentage of reduction, 1, 37, 40.
Of persons certified as in need of reli<'f, 40.
Policies and procedures:
Assignment, 12-13.
Certification and referral, 1, 13.
Eiid1tee11-month provision, 13, 42, 43.
Eli!,tihility, 12-13, 40.
Private, increase in, 6, 38-39.
Relation to unemployment, 5-6, 37- 40.
Separations from 'WPA projects, number of, 6,
40--42.
By size of communit.\, 40.
Total number of differPut workers since heginniug
of WP A program, 6, 42-43.
Trend of, 5-6, 37, 86.
Turnover, 6, 40--43.
By t.ypes of projects, 19, 44-47.
011 vocational training projects, 3, 20, 2!l, 32.
By wage classes, 49--51.
Of women, 51.
On WPA projects opprated by otlwr Federal
agencies, 5, 18, 43-44.
Entomology an rl Plant Q11ara11t ine, Bureau of, 44, 56
Equipment, rental of, 13, 60, 61.
ExpP11ditures:
Admi11istrative, 7, 10, 56, 57, 58-60.
Lahor co:-ts, 7, 55, 61.
Monthly, 58.
011 national dPfPnsP projPcts, 2, 7, 15, 27-28, 62.
Nonlabor cost,;, 2, 7, 15, 55, 60, (ii.
Objects of, 61.
Property d1m1a!l,"c claim,-, 8, 56.
Spommr8', 8, 27, 60- ti3.
Trend of, 57-58.
By types of projpct-s, 61-63.
On WPA projPct." opnatl'<I by other FPrl«•ral
agPucies, 7, 27, 56, 57.
Y,·ar Pnding .Ju11c 30, 1941, 7, 5li, fi0.
Farm ::-ccurity Administration, ,-;uh,-i,-tr•m•p grant pro!(ram of, 7, 83, 91.
Farn,-to-markPt and other acces." road><, \\'PA work 011,
4, 19, 65- tifi.
Ferh•ral a!(Pncir•s:
Allocation of WPA fund,-; to, 10, 11-12, 5f,, ,>fl.
Employmc11t on WPA project,- opPru.tNI hy, 5, 18,
43 44.
Expt'11diturc:-; of WPA fund~, 7, 27, .~Ii ,57.
Federal Communications Commission, 17.
Federal Emergeucy H!'lief Administration, 83, 90.
Ferleral Surplu" Markcti11g Administratiou, 79.
Fc•dE>ral work programs and public assi,;tance, 6-7,
83-91.
Ferleral Works Agency, 1, 55.
Forest Service, 44, 56.
Full<ls:
Allocatio11 of WPA funds, 5.5---56.
Appropriated under the EHA Act, fiscal yr•ar 1941,
7, 55.
Appropriated under the ERA Act, fiscal year 1942,
1, 9.
See also Appropriations, Expeuditurc«.
General Accou11ti11g Office, funrls for, 10.
General relief, 7.
!\umber of families and singlP per"o11s rt'Cl'ivi11g:,
90--91.
Payments to recipients of, 85, 86, 91.
Program, 83, 90-91.
Grants to needy farm familiPs, 7, 83, 91.
GrePlcy, Colorado, reservoir project, 76.
Highway, road, and street projl'cts:
Accomplishme11ts 011, 4, 25, 64-67.
Employment on, 3, 19, 45.
Expenditures on, 28, 62.
Of importance for natioual deft'nse, 3, l!l, 25.
Hospital huildi11g projPcts, 21- 22, 74.
Hours worked on projects:
.Exemptions from statutory pro\'i,,:ious, 12, 19, 48.
Number of, 49.
Statutory provisious concerning, 12, 48.
Hou,-;chold workers' training project, 35.
HousPholds and persous benefiting from Fe<l«•ral work
a11rl public assistance programs, 7, 84.
Housekeeping airle projr•cts, 46, 62, 79.
lu-plant preemplo~·me11t traiuing, 32---33.
Kilbourn Avenue, Milwaukee, Wi><cousin, wirlening
project, 66.
Labor, expenditures for, 7, 61.
Lahor Statistics, Bureau of, 39, 56.
Labor turnover on WPA projPcL", 6, 40-43.
Legi"lation concerniug the WPA, 9-14.
Library projects, 26, 28, 4'l', 62, 72.
Lymanhurst Children's Cliuic, 75.
Materials, suppliPs, aud equipmcut, purcha><es of, 60,
61.
l\lilitary and naval cstablishmeuts, projects at. 2-3,
19, 20---24.
1\1 u,-eum cxten~ion projPcts. WI'.\ work on, 62.
l\lusi<· projects, 27, 47, 80 SI.
~ at ioual dPfl-11,-;e projPct s, 1-3, L"">-28.
AecomplishmPnts on, thro1111,h Jm1P 1941. 2-3,
2(}-27.
Certification of by thc War a11d Na,·y DcpartIIH'llts, H>- 18.
Employnw11t oil, .5, 18 20, -1;,, 8fi.
Ex,•mptio11:< from statutory provisions, 2, 11, 12,
1.5---16, 19.
ExJ➔euditurr•s Oil, 7, 15, 27-28, 62.
1' on cert ifit•d, Hi, 1\2.
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INDEX
Nat-ioual defense project.,;, <'IC.- f'onti1111ed.
Previous to fil'cal ~-<'ar 1941 , 15.
Priority of, Hi.
Stat ut-ory provi11io11s co11cl'rni11g, 2, 10, 11 , 15-16,
48.
Types of. 3. 1~27.
For ,·ocat ional training, 2, 3. 4. 20.
See also Airport. and airway projN•ts : Highway,
road , and st.rect projects ; \'o<'ational training
projects.
\ational Guard, WPA proj<'cts !<ponsorNI by . 17, 20. 23.
\ational Park Service, 44, 56.
\ational Youth Arlmi11ist-ratio11 , 6, 29, 35. 83, 85, 86,
87- 88.
'.liavy Departnwnt of th1•:
Allocati011 of WPA funrls to, 56.
Employment on WPA projl'ct~ opf'rated hy, 44.
Projects undertaken for, 20-22. 24. 27.
Secretary's cert-ificat.ion of defrnse projl'l'tS for
operation by WPA, 2, 12, 15, 17- 18.
Kazi Bnnd members, statutory provision!' co11cl'rning,
13.
Xeed:
Cert ificat-ion of, as requirPnwnt- for project <'mployment-, I 3.
Periodic invei,t igation of, 13.
Ke,·ili; High School, Georgia, 70.
Xonconst-ruction projects. (Su C'om11111nit~· ~,•nice
projects; Vocational training; anrl individual types
of projects.)
Ko11labor expe11rlitures:
Amounts of. 7. 61.
Statutory provisions concPrnin1t. 11. 11;, 60, 81.
Konprofe!!sional hospital workt>r!' under the welfare
proJ[ram, 34, 75.
Olrl-age a._~<;istance, 7, 83, 88- 89.
Payment!' to recipients of Ff'deral work proJ[ram employment and of public a..-;~il'lancP. 84- 86.
Pel"!'o1111 benefiting from Federal work anrl puhlic
&l'l'igtance programs, 7. 84.
Physical accomplishments, 3--5, 64- 81. (Sec individual
type" of project.s; N at.ional defense projl'ct11.)
Pm,t Office Department, ERA act funds for, 55.
Procurement Division, Treasury DPpartml'nt, ERA
act funds for , 55.
Project procedur<'s and policies, 1, 81 - 82.
Project s :
AccompliRhmentt<, ph~·Rical. 64-81 .
Approval procedure, 81 - 82.
Defrnf'C. priority of, 2, 16.
Eligibility of, 10-11 , 82.
Expenditureti 011. fiscal yc-ar I !l4 I . !>6. 60-63.
Federal agt>ncy. financed with WP A f1111ds , 43.
Operat-ion of. 81 -·82.
Sponi;.orship or, 1, 3, 60. 61, 81.
Statutory provisions relating to. 2. 10-11.
(Sr.t a/Bo Employme11t,; Expenrlit11res : individual
types of projects ; Kational defen:;;e projc-ct s;
Spom•ors.
Property damage claims, 8, 14, 56.
Public activity project,s. (See Educational services;
Recreational services; Art.s, '.\fosic, and Writing programa. etc.)
Public a,,,sist.ance programs, 83--91.
Public building projects:
AccompliRhments on, 4, 68-70, 74, 80.
Employment 011, 3, 19, 45-46.
Expenditures on, 28, 62, 63.
For national defense, 19, 21, 23, 28.
Stat.ut.or_y proviRions concerninf!;, 11.
Public health projectt<, 74-77.
Public Health Service, Uniterl Stat<'R, 17, 24, 81, 82.
Public Roads Administration, 17, 82.
Public utility projects :
Accomplishments on, 5, 75-77.
Employment on, 3, 19, 46.
Expenrlit.ures on, 28, 62, 63.
Of importance for national defense. 21.
Public Works Administration, 6, 83, 86, 88.
Purchases of less than $300, 14.
(~uart.ermast.er Corps, 44, 56.
Receipts and collections, disposition of, 14.
Rcereat.ional facility projects:
Accomplishments on, 4, 72-73.
Employment on, 3, 19, 46.
Expenditures on, 62.
Recreational services, 4, 27, 46, 62, 73- 74 .
Referral and certification of workers for employment,
1, 13.
Heimbursement of Federal Government for misapplied
project funds by sponl'lors, 14.
Relief. (See Blind, aid to; Chilrlren, rlependent, aid
to; Federal work and public Alll!ist.ance programs;
General relief ; Grants to needy farm famili<'s ; Olcl-age
assistance; Workers, referral and certification of.)
Rental or equipment, 13, 60, 61.
Research and record projects, 28, 47, 62, 80.
Heserve Officers Training Corps, 17, 23
Homa, Texas, water system, 76.
Sanitation projeett1:
Accomplishments on, 75-77.
Employment on, 46.
Expenditures on, 62.
Of importance for national defeni,;e, 24.
Schedule of monthly eamin!{s, 1, 12, 47- 49.
School buildings, 4, 68-70.
Hchool lunch projects, 46, 62, 77-78.
Second D eficiency Appropriation Act, 1940, 10.
:-<•pKrations of workers from WPA projects, 6, 40-42.
Hf•wer Rystem projects. (See Public utility projectt1.)
Sewing projects, 46, 62, 79.
Shawuee County, Ka11sas, new school constrt1C'tl'1I, 69.
Social Security proJ[rams, Rpccial types of public as.~istance, 7, 83, 86, 88-00.
Soil Co11sl'rvation Service, 44, .56.
Special types of public a.~i-istance 11ncler the Social Security programs, 7, 83, 86. 88- !lO.
Sponsors:
Ex1><'ndit11res on projects opcrakd by WPA, 8, 27,
00-63.
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INDEX
Spo11sors-Continued.
Participation in initiat.ion and prosecution of
projectR, 1, 3, 60, 61, 81.
Statutory provisions on contribution;, of, 11, 60, 81.
Twenty-five percent provision, 11, 60, 81.
Types of agencies acting as, 60.
State Department of Archives and Historv, l\fontgomcry, Alabama, 80.
·
State Teachers' Collep;e, Tempe, Arizona, 69.
St.ates, variation in types of projects operated, 18, 47. 63.
Sunbury, Ohio, sewage disposal plant of, 77.
Surplus commodit.ies, distribution of, 10, 62, 79.
Survey projects, 26, 28, 47. 67.
Training of workers for defense industriPs. (See
Vocational traininl(.)
Transportation and communication projc•cts, 4, 25,
64-68.
Treasury, Department of the, fun<ls for, 10.
Turnover, lahor, on WPA projecti-, 6, 40- 43.
Unemployment., relation of WPA employment to,
5-6, 37-40.
Unit.<'d State!j Employees Compensation Commis5ion,
funds for, 10.
United St.ates Office of Education, as cosponsor of
vocational training projects, 29, 30, 33, 71.
l,;rgent Deficiency Appropriation Act, l\larch 1, 1941,
7, 55.
Veterans, employment of, 13, 42.
Vocational training:
For airport servicemen, 33.
Centers, 31-32, 33, 34, 35.
Defense industries register, 30-31.
For defense purposes, 2, 3, 4, 20, 29-34.
Eligibility for, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35.
Employment 011 projects for, 3, 20, 29, 32.
Expenditures for, 28.
Hours and earnings of trainees, 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35.
For household workers, 35.
In-plant prC'employment training un<ler, 32-33.
For nonprofessional hospital workers, 34.
Number of trainees, 3, 20, 29, 31, 32, 35.
Occupatiom1 for which training is given, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36.
Spom;ors, 29, 30, 33, 35.
Statutory provisions for, 2, IO, 29, 35, 48.
Types of, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35.
l'.nd«~r adult e<lucat.ion pro11:m111, 35-36.
Wal(C' rntes:
Exemptions from regular s<.'lwdule of monthly
eaminl(i<, 12, 19.
Monthly ,;chcdulc•, I, 12, 47 -49.
War Department:
Allocation of WPA funds to, 56.
Employment on WPA project;;, operated by, 44_
Projects undertaken for, 20-27.
Secretary's certification of defense projects rC>-.
operation by WPA, 2, 12, 15, 16--17.
Warroad, Minnesota, hospital, 74.
Water supply system projects. (See Public ut.ili t_y·
projects.)
Welfare projects:
Accomplishmeuts on, 77-79.
Employment on, 46.
Expenditures 011, 62.
See also Canning, Housekeeping aide, School
lunch, and Sewiug projects.
Women, employment of, 51.
Work camp employees, provision for medical and
hospital care, 14.
Workers:
Administrative, numher an<l salary of, 59-60.
Affidavit, as to their citizenship, 12.
Age of, 6, 52-54.
Aliens, Communists, etc., statutory provision,cuncerning, 12-13.
Assignment of, 42-43.
Earnings of, 1, 12, 49, 87.
Effect of 18-month pro\'ision on, 42.
Eligibility requirements for WPA employment,
12-13, 40.
Hours of work, 12, 19, 48-49.
Need of, periodic investigation of, 13.
?,; on certified, 40.
?,;umber employed fiscal year 1941, 1, 5, 37, 43, 86.
Professional and technical, 50, 51.
Referral and certification of, I, 6, 13, 40.
Semiskilled, 49, 50.
Skilled, 50, 51.
Total number since beginning of WPA program, 6,
42-43.
Training, vocational, for defense industries, 29-34.
Training, vocational, other, 34, 35, 36.
t:n~killcd, 49, 50, 51.
Veterans, employment pro\'isions concerning, 13,
42.
Wage classes, 49-51.
Women, 51.
In work camps, pro\'isiun for lll<'liical and hospital
care, 14 .
See also Employml'nt.
Writ.en;' program, 26, 47, 81.
\' ards and Ducks, Bureau of, 44, 56.
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