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Wor.l.{ s Projects Adm inis"tr1 "t io ri

REPORT ON

PROGRESS OF
THE WPA PROGRA

JAN ?3194t
RECEIVED

JUNE 30, 1940

FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION

I

I &EW 'T' Q~iji

.:iii!!!!

I ,iijii
, ~ Dtlt if

JAN 23 194t
RECEIVED

FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY
JOHN M . CARMODY , Administrato r

REPORT ON

PROGRESS OF

THE WP A PROGRAM

JUNE 30, 1940

WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION
F. C. HARRINGTON , Commissi oner
CO RRINGTO N G ILL , A ssistant Commissi oner
EM ERSON ROSS, Director, Divisi on of Sta tistics

,

PREFACE
Thi s report on thr progn'ss of llw \York Projrrls Adrnini sl rnlion
prog r:1111 eonlirnl!'s t h(' ,;(' rie,- of ,; [:ll<'nwnt whirh hnY1' n•vi<·\\·<'cl th e
e mploy ment , acromp lis lirm·nl s. :111d 1•x1wndiltrr·<,,_ of th e \YPJ\ . The
pr(',;<' nl r('port. li k<• !hos<· pr<·redin g it , eonl,1in,; n surnrn:1ry of \\'PA
activit iPs in t h(' fi sc:11 y<·:1r <•ncling ,Jun<' :30, Hl40 , and C'<"rlain s p<'cial
scetio ns t h:1l pr·o,·ick more• dc•tai!Pd aecount s of particulnr as pl'els of
tlw \YPA prngr:1m . Tl1 <' ,; p<•c inl :-,<•clions co,·c•r \Y Ps\ :1clivilirs for
s l r<'n g t lwnin g 11:1ti01rn l cldl' lhi<', n s 111nrn:n_\· of \Y PA nirpn rt and :1invn,y
work. and :1 hri<,f n·,·i<',,. of oper:1ting policies :rnd prOC'l'clun• s. The
fivl' other , c•c·tion,; of l lH· r<•port hri11 g 1':1rlier a eo11nls of m:1jm :1s pects
of the \VPA prog ram 11p lo d:1t1· . They rm·(' r· lh<' <'mp lnynwnl suppli ed throu gh [h(' \\' PA . th<· nc·ron1p lis lrnwnl ,; on proj1•d unclcrt.nkin gs. th e ('Xpenclit1 1r<'" of F'<·cl<·rn l f11ncl s nncl of fund s s upplic •cl by
Y:Hiou s s tall' and loe:11 puhlic ag('ncie,; t ha t propose and s ponso r \\'PA
projc•cls. t h1· k g is lativ C' pnwi siom, f0r t he c11 1T<' 11 l fi cal _\' c'n 1·, and the
pl:H·<· of t he• \\' PA progrn m :1mong thl' public work and :1 ss is tance
program s in lh<' United Sl:1l es .
Ill

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

H t' 1·i1,11· nf tl1t' \\I 11 A Prng- 1·:1.111 D11 rin g l hr Fi sca l Y c:tr 1 940 _ _ _ _ _

l

P1·n1·i,- io11 ,; for tlic· \ \TA Prng rnm Dur ing th(' l~isr:d Y\'ar I 941- _

10

Tilt' \\' PA :111<1 1 n.tional Ddens1'

E mp loy m r nL and E:1 1·11i11g,;

38

Fi11:rnci:1l S umm :1 1·y __ _
Prnj<'rL Accomp li,- l1m(·lll ,-

r,

6,)

81

Fl'dnnl \\' o rk Prng r:1111 s :ind Puhli<' .\ ss i:-- (:11H'l'
_\ ppt•ndix : T :1i>l c•,; --- - --- ----- - ----------- -- -- --- -------

!)()

111
V

LIST OF TEXT TABLES
P age

1. Numb r of Pe rso ns Empl _\·ed o n \\' PA .\ir port Projects and o n Other \\' PA Projed s

2.
3.

4.

5.
6.
7.

8.
9.
10.
11 .

12 .
13 .
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20 .
21.
22 .
23.
24.
25 .
26 .
27 .

Hpo nsored o r Ope ra t ed by i\Iili ta r.,· and ava l Age nc ies, \Jy /:;elPctecl T y pe of Projec t
and liy .\ gency, .Ju 11c· 5. L940 __ __ __ __ _______ __ ______ _______________
N urnl )er of Pe rso ns Employed o n \VPA ,\ irpo rt Projects and on Oth e r \\' P A Project;;
Spo nsor ed o r OpC' rated b_,· ;\filit a ry and ;s:aval .\gencies, liy /:;tal c , .June 5, 19-rn
Facilit ics Const ru cted o r lrn provecl o n Proj ects Opc rat ccl l>y \\' PA fo r l ' sc of ;\fil ita r-'
ancl 1 aval Age ncies a ncl fo r D evelop m n t of 'i,·il Airpo rts a nd Airways, C u11wl ati,·e
through .Jun 0 30 , 1940
__ ________________ __ __ _________
An1. o unt of WPA and l:;ponso rs' Fund s Expended on \ \ ' PA Airp o rt. P roje ·l s and on
Othe r \YP A Projects :-;ponso rN I o r Ope rat ed hy i\ Iilil ::tr_\· and N a ,·a l .\ g(• ncies, by
Stat e and by Spo ns rin g .\ gp nc., , C umul ati,·e lh ruugh .Jun e 30 , 19·l0
Ph ysical ·co mpli shrn n h o n .\irp rt a nd Airwa_v Projects Opc rat d by \\' PA , Cumulat ive th ro ugh .June :30 , L940 _
__ ____ __ ____ _________
, elected Tte ms of Ph_,·s ical .\ ccomplis hm nt on Airp o rt and Airway Pr jects Operated
by \YPA , by /:;tal e, C un,ulat i,·e thruul(h Jun e 30, L940 __
Amo unt of \\' PA and :-,po nsors' Fund s E xpe nd ed 0 11 .\ irp o rt and Airway Pro jec t s
Ope rated b-'· \\-PA , hy :-,(ate a nd b_,· Source of Funds, C umulati,·e th ro ug h .June 30,
1940 _
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _
_ __ _ _ __
_ _ __ _ ___ __
Ave rage Numlier of Pe r::.o ns Ernpl o_\'('d on \ \ ' PA Pro ject, , i\Ion th l.'·, Au g us t l9 35 Jun e
l 940 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
__ ___ _ _ _ _ _
__ _ _ __ _ _ _ _
1 umbe r of \\·ome n Emp loyer\ o n Projec ts Operat ed by \,\ 'PA , Qua rt e r!_\·, D ece mbe r
I 935 .Jun e I 9-W
_ __ _ _ _ __
_ _ __ __ _ _ _ _
Numb e r of P e rso ns Assig ned to and :-,eparat ed from Emp lo_\'lnent o n \\' PA Pro jects,
M o nth ly, Jul _,. 193F: .Ju11t• 1\l-10 _
Ave rage ~umh r of P e rson ,. Emp loyed on \\' PA Projects, by Age nc.,·, Quart Prl y, .Tun
1939- .J LI n 19-!Q _ _ _
_ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _
Numbe r of Pe rso ns Emp lo,·ecl on Proj cts Ope rat ed by ·wPA, by T_\· p of Project,
.Jun 26 , 1940 __ _
_ _____________ --------------------------------- __
Pcrcp ntage Di s trihutio ri of Pe rson s Employed o n Projec ts Operated by \\' PA , hy
M ajo r T-'· pe of Proj ct. :-,e lected P ri d s , March 1936 Jun e 1940 ________________
P c rcentag Dis t rib11 tiu11 of Pe rso11s Emp loyed on Projec t s Opera ted by \VPA , by ~i zt'
of Co mn11111it_v, ,'S e lec ted P e ri oc!H, Nove mbe r 1937- .Jun 1940 _ _____ ________ ___
P e rcen tage Dis t rib11 tion of P N so 11 s Emploved on Proj ec t s Ope rated by WPA , by Typl'
of Pr jec t and by Si 1,e of Co 1111nunity, Marc h 27 , 19-J0 _ __ _____ _
__ ______
P e rce ntage Di s tribution of P e rso ns E n,pl oyc cl on Proj ec t s Operat ed b_,. WPA , by Wage
C lass, S lected Pe ri ods . .Jun e 1936- .Jun 19.J0 ___ _ __________ __
___ __ __
P e rcentage Dis t ributi nri of P e rso ns E rnpl _ve d o n P roj cts Ope rated b_\' \VPA , by M ajor·
Type of Proj ec t arid h.,- \\ 'age C lass, Jun e 26, 1940 _ _ ________ __
T o tal H ours \\' orked o n Proj ect,- Operated by \\'PA , b _,. i\Iaj o r T y pe of P roject, Cumu lative thro ugh and Y ea r f~nding .J un e 30, 19.J0 __ _ _ __ ___ ____
Am o unt of Funds .-\ ,·ailab le to " ' PA During the Y ear Endin g Jun e 30, 19.J0 _ _
Amount of \\' PA Funds All ucatpd to F edera l Agenc ie:s for \\'PA Proj ec t s und e r th e ERA
Ac t of 1939, by Agc 11 "-"· C umul a tiv e thro ug h .Jun e 30 , 1940 ___
Am o unt of ,YPA Funds r~x pe nd cd for Act i,·iti es Cond11ctecl by WPA a nd OtllC'r
F ed e ral Age ncies, b_,. Fiscal Y ar, through .l une· :30, 19.J0
n, o un t of WPA Funds E xperidecl fo r Ac tiviti P~ uncluct ed b_v WPA and Other F de ra l
Age ncies , Quarterl v, .July 193-5- .Jun p 1938 : .iVIont hl_v, .Jul _\' 1938 .Jun e 19-10 _
Am o unt of \\IPA F1111d s Exp e nd ed for Ac ti,·iti es Conducted by \\'PA a r,d Ot lw r Pedc·r:1\
Age ri ci es , b_\· Obj e t of Expt·11diture, Yearn End in g ./1111 c• 30 , 193 9, and .lllri<• 30 , 19.J0
Am o unt of \VPA F11nd s Expe nded fo r Admini s trati on of \\' PA, b_r Obj ec t of Expe ndi t ure, Yea r Ending Jun e 30, 19l0 _________ -------------------- --Am ount of WPA and Spo nso rs' Funds Expended o n P roj c<'ts Ope rated by \\IPA , b.,
Fisca l Year and b_\· Source of Fund s, through .Jun e 30, 1940 _________________
Am o unt of \YPA an d Spo nso rs' Funds Expend ed on Projects Op rated by \\'PA , l y 01,ject of Expenditu re and h.,· Sou rce of Funds , Y ea r Ending Jun e 30, 19-10 _ ____
Am o unt of \VPA and Spon so rs' Funds Ex pe nd ed for I'\o nlalior Purposes o n P ro ject~
Opera ted by \\'PA , h _v T _v pe of Purc has
r R e ntal a nd by Srn1rre of Fund s, ' umulativc thro ug h .Jun p :30. L9-lQ _____ __ ______ __ ___ __ ____ ___ __ ______ __ _______ ____ _

17
18

20

24
35
36

37
40
40
42
43
44
.J5
41i
-!7

48
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51
52
53
54
55
5fi
57
58
60

61
\'II

Vlll

L I ST OF TEXT T ABLES
Page

28 . . \ mount of \\'P ..\ and Hpon,or,' Fund, r•:xpl•n<IC'd on P rojl'Cb Operated by \YP J\ , I>.,
l\I ajor T _q ,e of Project and by Hour<:e of F11 11 d s, C111111t!atin· through and Year J•: ndinµ;
., u n(' :30, I \J-!0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
29. ll i_g hways, Hnad,, and Htrceb Cun,tr11ctNl or Im pro,·ecl on P roject Operated hy \\"PA ,
_________ _ _______ _
C1111111lati,·1· (),rough Dl'crmbl'!" 31. 1939 _
30 Bridges, Cttll'c rts , and Other R oad ..\pp11rte11ances Constructed or [m proYed on Projects
Operatr•d hy \\' PA, Cum1t!atil'P through Dl'eembc r 31, 1939
31 . Hchools and Libra r ies Constrttdl'd or fmprun•d 011 Projects Opprated by \\' PA , 'u m u_____ ____
lati,·e thrn11gh D eee mlw r 3 1, 1!)39 _ _ __
32. P 11blic P articip,1tiu11 in Ed11cation .\ cti,·itie, Cond11eted by \\' PA, T11·0- 11·pek P e ri od in
January 19-!() ______
33 . R, •rrC'a(iunal F aci liti es Cnn,trttrted or Tmp ru,·cd on P rojects Ope rat ed by \\" PA ,
__ __ ___________
C11mu latin· thro11gh Dcce111i>e r 31, l939
3"1 . Publi c P articipation in Recreation .\ cti,·itie, Conducted by \\'P A, \\' eek Ending F'<· lmt_ ______ ______ ____
ar.,· !is , 1939 ___ __ _ _ _ _
3.5 P 11blie H Palth Fac ilities Con,trttdcd or [mprol'ed on Projects Operated by \\"PA ,
C'1m11 t!ati n• throttl{h D ccpm lw r 31, 1939_ ____ _________________ _ _ _ _
3fi. M Pdical and D,• ntal Sen·ice, Prm ·id •d o r Facilitated through P rojects Opera ted b~·
\\'PA , Two-week P eriod in .Januar.,· 19-W_ _ ____ ________ __
37 . .\ cnmplish 111 C' nts on Selected TypP~ of \\'elfare Projec t s Ope rat ed by WPA , Cumulatin• thnlllgh D ecembc·r 31. l939 _ ___ ____ __ ________ _____ __
38 . Co 11 sl' r vatio11 and Flood 'nnl rol .\ cti,·itics on P rojects Operated by \\"PA , Cllmu lati,·cthrollgh D<'cemher 3 1, l939 _ _ _ ____________ _____ ___ _ ______ __
30 S('hedule of :\Ion thl~· Earning, on \\' P..\ Prni c-cb, Effrcti, c- Se pt('n1ber 1. 1939 _
-!0. \"11mbPr of P ersons Emplo.n•d on F(•deral Work a11rl l'onstrnction Projects and HPC'ip__ _ __ _ _ __ __ _
ients of P11hli c Relief, by P rogram .. T1111t' I !HO _
-!l \'11mh r of P erson, Emplo.ved on F'cdernl \\'ork and Con~truc-tion Projects and Recipients of Pui>liC' Relief, I,_,. P rogram, :\Io11thly, .Ja11 11,1r_,. 1933 .J une 19-!0 __
.J2 . [ ndex of L:ncrnp loy nwnt , l\Io11thly, .Ja111tarY I\J:3;3 .111 ,w 19.J 0 __ _ ___ _____
-!3 l 11dpx o f P l' rso ns Be nt>filing frnm E1nplo _n1H•11l 0 11 F'P<kral Wo r k and Const ru c ti on
Projects and P 1tlilic R Pl ie f, :\1 onthly .. Jan11ar_1 19;33 .J 1111 e 19-!0 ____ _
4-! . ..\,noun( of Earni 11gs of P c r"nns Ernpln.1·(•rl on F'C'd<•ral \York anrl C'o11st rnc-ti o11 P roj ec t s
and Payments for P ublic Re lief, by P ro1;ram, i\lu11t hly, .January 1933- June 1940

63
66
6
69
71
73
74

75
76
77
78
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9-!
96
101
102
104

LIST OF CHARTS
Page

1. E,-,t i111atl•,-, of l · 11cmploymr11t . .Janua r~ I \l 3ti- .J un c Hl-!O
2 . . \ irport,-, Co11st rn ctC'cl o r l mp ro,·ed I, _, \\ ' P .\ . throuµ:h .Jun(• 30, l9-10

3. Employm e n t o n \\' I' .\ l'rojC'ct s, through .Jun l' l9-!0 _________
4 . .\s,-,ig11111 c11 t,-, a11cl ;,,p1ni,ratio11 ,-, in Emplo_1·111e11t 0 11 \\' PA Project:s, Jul :-· l \)3X-.J11n (• !()-Ill
5. Rat e of .\ s~ iµ:11 ,n l'nt:s and ;,,C'parat ion s in Empl oyment on \\" P .- \ Projects, .l ul y l!)38 .l un e
----·-------19-!0 ______
6 . Dis tribution of Emplo_,·m <' n t on Projc •<·ls Ope rat ed by \\' PA , by Typ of \\' o r k and I, _,·
------------ ----------- -------------Size of Co mnu111 it _,· , :\ farl'h '27, IH -lO
7 . \\'P .\ E x p e nditu res, .Jul _, l !l35 .Ju11 p ! \J I() __________________ ____ ______
8 . \\' P,\ and :-;pon sor s' E x pc 11rli t 11rcs on Proj ec ts Op rated by WP A , b y Fiscal Yea r and
by ;,,o u rce of Funds, th ro ugh .Ju nr 30, 19-1-0 __________________ _____
9 . Dis tributi o n of W PA E " pc nditures I _y Obj ect of E x pe nditure, Y ea r Endin g .Ju ne 30 ,
19-!0 _____________ ----------------------------- ---------- --- _ --10 . \\ PA anrl Sponso rs ' Expendit ures on Projects Ope rat ed by \\' PA , by T y p(' of Project,
Y ea r Ending .Jun e . 0 , l!HO _____ ________ _____________________ _

4
27
39
41
42
47
55
58
59
63

'u 1nulati1·e till' u gh

11 . Hi glrn·a ys, R oads, and ;,,trPC' ts Co ns truct ed or Im proved by \\' PA,
___________________
D ecc ml )e r 3 1, 1939
12 . Educational Buildin11:s Co nst rnct ed or I 1nprov .db:-· \YP.\ , Cu mul ative through D ccC' m _ _ _______________________
her 31, 1939 __________ __
13 . . \ rti !cs i\Iarle on \\ ' P.\ Nc 11 i11g R oo m P rojc•cts , C umul ati,·e through D c·cr•mhrr 31 . I !J39
14 . \ \ ' PA \\' age Rat e R cgion:s, Effrrtil'(· SC'ptpml,c r 1, l \139 ____________
15 . H o usehold s a nd P r rso ns B l'nl'fiting frn111 E1llploy m e 11t on F d cral \\· o r k a 11 cl Co ns t r uction Project~ and P u Ii lie R ,· li<·f, .l:t 11 u a ry 1933 .Tune• I !HO ________ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16. f nde ,es of l'ne mplo_,·1itt·11t and P Pr ~rn h B c• 11C'titing fr o m Emp loy 111e nt on F<·dc•ral \\' o r k
anrl Constrnction Proj('(·(,- and P11hlie H, •li d, J anua r_,- l\J33 Jun e 1910
17 . P erson,-, B Pnefit in g from I•:111ploy 11H ·11 t on l·'c•dnal \\'o r k and Co us t r uc tio11 Proj<•ct" a nd
Pul )li c Reli ef, by Proµ; rarn , .Ja nu a ry 1033 .Jun e 19-lcO ________________

68
70
77
~4
95
101
102
IX

REVIEW OF THE WP A PROGRAM
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1940
WPA Employment in the Fisca l Yea r 1940

THE Emerge ncy R elief Appropriation Act of
1939 app ropri ated to the Work Pro:jects
Admini s t ration $1,477,000,000 , toge ther with
unobli gated balances rema ining from t he previou year , to provide employment on u eful
public proj ec t during the year ending June
1940. This appropriation represented a reduction of about a third from the am ount that had
been made available for th e operntion of the
\VPA program during the precedin g fi scal year.
During the 12-month p eriod covered by thi
approp riation, the number of workers employed
n WPA projects averaged approximntely
2,05--1 ,000 per month , as compared with a n
average employm ent of 3,014,000 during the
precedin g 12 month .
Th e las t ha lf of t,he preceding fiscal year was
marked by improvement in private indus try
and a downward t rend in lmernployment. In
line with t lte increase in opportunitie for
private emp loy ment the numb er at work on
the WP A prog-ra m Itad been reel uced teaclily
from a peak of 3,3: 5,000 in the fa ll of 1938 to
'.2 ,57 ,000 in Jun e 1939. The appropri a ti on
for the fi scal year 19--!0 anti cip a ted a co ntinuation of improvrment in economic conditi ns.
lndwtrial produC'tion increased throug hout
t he s ummer and t he ra te o f increase was n,ccell'rated after the outbreak of hos tilities in Europ e
in Se ptember . 1-l.o\\·ever, m any in<lus trie had
acct11rnd ated lar; i,1,·entori es by the encl of
1939 and , as a, result, in lu trial production was

r educed s harply in January and Febrnary,
offse tting much of th expansion that had
bee n ge nerated by anticipation of incrca e I
war bus iness . More than 1,000 ,000 nonagricultural worker lost their job during the m onth
of ,J:1.nua ry . Thi short but evere co ntra ction
was follow ed by relatively small increase. in
priv ate employment wl1ich began in ":.larch
and continued t lu·oug hout the rema ind er of
th e fi scal year. These increase were not
s uffi cien t to off et the Jan uary- F ebruary etback , and in June 1940 total private en11 loym en t wn s at a level lower than it ha<l been in
October 1939.
Except for th e normal seasonal incr ease duTing the winter months, when unemployed
workers arc mo t in need of jobs and wages,
WP A employ m ent follow ed the ge neral tr end
of I usin e s activity an<l private en1ploymcnt.
Fro m the Jtmc 1939 avera ge of 2,578,000
\\·orkcrs , the numb er at work on the progr am
was r educ ed cl min g the summer by 57,000
to 1,721,000 durin g cptemb cr . The rate of
this reduction (about 33 per cent) was mu ch
more rapid than the rate of le r casc in un employmen t , which amounte l to less th a n 10
perc ent dming thi period.
B ecau <' of the sea onal in cr ease in a pplicati ons for \\'PA job , average empl o.nncnt on
tli ' program incr rascd after Septemb er by
al o ut 130,000 workers per mon th to 2, 123 ,000
in D ecemb er 1939.
easonal factors Logc th er
with the rapid decline of priva Le cmploymr nt in
January and F ebruary ncce ita tcd furtl w r
1

2

REPORT

m,

PROGRESS OF THE WPA PRO GRAM

additions Lo Lhe program , and l he numlw r
emp loy1·d :1n-r:1gl'd npprnximaldy 2,3 10 ,000 iu
.Fchru:ny :rnd :\lnrch .
.\. gl' ll l'ral n·duction of aboul ,55-1.000 in t lw
number of WP.\ jobs during .\ pril. :-1 :iy. a nd
JL,n e coi ncided witl1 s1•:1son:1 l incn•:1 l'S in f:1,rm
employnwnl :1nd t lH · g radua l improvenH·nt in
tlH' nu111ber of jobs :1,·:1il:1hlc in ot her priv:ll c
indu sl r.Y. Thi• ex t1•nt or Lh e re<luclion, howCVC'I", w: 1s ddC'rmin ccl l:lrgl' ly by Lhc nmounl nf
fund s :1,·nil:1h lc· for th l' program. T lic 280 .000
volunt:1ry se p:1r:Jtion s from th e prog ram ,,·lii ch
occ urred in l h<'se t l1rO<' mont hs wen• cquiYa lc·nt
to nhoul one-l1alr of t h1· loln l d1•dine in \\' PA
emp lovmcnL.
WPA Employees

Xearl_r ~7 percrnt of all project workers
durin g th e fi s("nl )' ca r were r ligih lc for \YPA
cmp loynwnL o n Lhc li:1 sis of t lH·ir rd at in· ne ed
for ,n>rk . Th e rl' lll :lining :3 pcn·t•nt n• p1 ·1·,w nt
s up pr visor.v, ll•c l1nin1,l, :rn d ot h er key p1•rso 11n cl
wbos<' sc· 1·v icvs 11·1•n• n1·cc•ss:n_v to 1w rmi t projc •cL
oper ntio 11s bu t wlrns1• jo bs co uld 11 ot lw fi ll 1·d
fro m ll1 1• :1vn ilnhl l' li st of c1• 1·t ifi cd 1• li gihle
workc•rs. Tl1 <' 1Tl,1L in· ncell o f appli c:rnls is
dd 1·1·111 i nc ·d l:w:1 11 _1·. I. ists of <'ii gi bl c ,,·ork ers

arc refe rred to th e \Y PA by pub lic welfnrc
:1g1•11c i"s a nd th ose most in need of 1•rnp loymcnt
:He se k cLl'd for \ YPA jobs. Till' ,wed of
11·orkcrs as ign ed to jobs is rev icwvd peri odicn lly. \\' orkcrs nre r equin·d b.v LIH' \\' PA to
nccept o ff er of priva te emp loy nw nt , nncl t hey
lose Lh eir eli!!:ihilit? if tli c_y rd11 ;:;c• s 11 c h ofl"c-r s.
Abou L R.J- p erel'n t of tlH· ,rnrkns 1·111 pl oy<'d on
prnj cds during hsc nl 19-10 11·en· rn 1·n nnd Hi
pl' rL"cn t were women. T he 'v\'PA c· n1p loys on ly
one· wo rker from any fo rn ily. T l1:1 l 11·ork1• r
us11nlly is t hl' fam ily h e:icl o r t l11· m o. L ernploy:1,blc m l'mlw r of t.lll' fami !~, g roup .
Out of l'VL'l".Y I 00 work(' rs !'mpl o_,,c· d on proj ects in fi sc:11 yc:1 r 19-10, :1bout :3 w<•n · proj ec t
upt' r visory emplnyl'c ; :3 wc•n · ,1ssig1w d t,o
pm ft' , s iun:1 1 or tec iu1 ic:1 l proj 1·d wo rk ; l O wen •
s kill ed wo rk ers. s uch a bri ckl:1yl' rs, cem ent
fini sl1l' rs, o r o pcrnto rs or hc·n ,·)· l'quipm!'nt ; 14
Wl'l"l' intcrmedint c or Sl'mi s ki ll l' d ,,·orkC'l"s, s uc h
:l s ca rp!'ntl•rs· l1 l'lpcrs, t ruc k dri vn s , :ind opn:ito rs of li~ht equipm ent ; a nd 70 w1·n· :l. s ign <'d
to uns ki ll l'd m anunl work.
Type a nd Lo ca ti o n o f Proj e cts

P1:1 ct iL":1 ll y all \\'PA proj1•cts :ll"l' pbnn C'd :1.n d
i11i i:1tcd by locn l p11b li c :1 gl' nC' res. ,J ob s pcci-

WP A wo rk ers po v1n 9 Ho rdin g Bou le vard 111 Son F10 11 c 1sco

HE \'!E\Y OF THE Wl'A PJ WG RAM DlJR l KG THE F LSCA I, YEAH 19"+0

finiti on s :111d cos t <•st inrntc nn' pn' p:1 r(' d loc:1ll y
nnd s ullll tilt t·d to th e \\'PA fo r lt'ci 111i(':1l
n•,·ir w nrnl :tpprn,·,11 :is to s uitnbilit_r for 0 1wrnt ioll . A condiLion of thi :1 pprov:1l is Lh:it Lh
proj <·Ct s li ,111 <kve lo p useful faci lili <'s o r h<• 11 t·fits
to tl1 <' public . A fur th C'I" condit,ion iP- t h:1l Lh c
work sli,111 n ot. r e place a reg ula,r fun el ion of t.h c
loe,1 1 gov(' rnn w n t, or dis pl ace per onP- wl1 0
wou ld 11 o rm,1ll y be employed on simihr wo rk.
A s ten d y fl ow o f proj ec t ap pli cat ions from local
conuiiuniLi <'S pro vides t h e \VPA with a lnrgc
n•sc 1-voi r o f available projects whi ch cnn be
brou g l1 L in to o peration quickly. Thi s is esse nt ia l to fl ex ibility of program operatio ns, cn:,bling
rapid expan s ion i.n employm ent wh en tlrn t is
n ceess,n
and permitting t h e <'lectio n of
proj ec-l on which th e particular s kill o f avn ilable work(' rs can be used to best ad v:1nL:1gr.
At tl, e end o f June 1940, projec ts fo r t he constru ction or improvement of hig hways, fa rmto- 111 ,1.rk l't roads, and city s treets prov id ed 43
p erce n t o f a.LI WPA jobs . T en perce n t of t he
workers emp loy ed at t h a t ti.m e were on proj ects
inni lv in g water s upply an l ewer SY~te rns, ,111d
9 perce n t wer e at work on proj ect for t he constru ction a nd r enovation of choo ls :md ot her
publi c buildings. Sewing projec ts, on whi ch a
large numb er of wom en w ere cng ngecl in the
produ c t ion of garm ents for d i t rib11 tion to
n ee dy fami.li c , accou n ted for 7 percent of total
employm ent at t h e end of ,June. Th e remaind er o f t he wor ker s were cmplo~·ecl on a
wid e vari ty o f activ ities including t he <•x le 1rnion
f recr catiorni l fac ili t ies; t h e co1rntru etion of
ai1·ports and a irway facilit ies; land n.nd ll'a te r
co n crvation ; m a lari a control a nd othn s:1.nitat ion work ; t he teaching of s ubj ects rcl:1.ted to
li tcrncy, naturali zation , art, music, a nd ot her
fields and va ri o us other educatio na l act iviti ('P.;
researc h p rojec ts and work on pub lic rceo rd ' ;
ind ex ing and cataloging proj ects in libr,ni c
and mu um ; cn ·ing lun ch es to und crnou ri li ed c hoo l chil dren; and ot her kinds of
work r elated to many differ ent co mmLmity
cr vicc a nd publi c facili ties.
About 40 p rce nt o f t he work ers empl oyed on
t h e \.V .PA prog ra m at the nd of ,Ju nc l 0--lO we re
wo rking in co unti es in whic h t lw re is a eiLy
wi.tlt a 1930 popula tion of 100,000 o r mo re; l G
p erce n t were in counties h av ing citi es r:,ng-ing
bctll'ecn - 5, 000 and 100,000 in po pul:i.tion; :2:3

3

p er c nt 11·orked in co 11nti cP- in whic h t hr l nrgPst
town had bctw<•<•n 5,000 and 25, 000 inhahi l:ints;
a n<l 2l percc nl we re in rural co unti ps havi ng no
towns \vi t h as m a ny as 5,000 in lrn hi t:mlP-.
Al t hough , in crrn cra l, t he di P-tribll t ion o f
\YPA employm en t refl ects t he co nce n t r:1tion o f
populatio n in ur ban ce nters, t he nee d fo r \VPA
employm ent is not necess a rily rel ated d irectly
to t h e total population of an y a rea. Wide
vari ation in une mpl oy ment a nd need occur in
citi es of a. pprox im atcly t he sam e size lwc:1ttP.C o f
differences in typ e o f incl ustri e , t he rcg ul:irity
o f t he e mpl oym e n t provided in t hose indust ri e ,
t h e g rowt h o r d ec line of cc rtn in industri es, ,incl
r elat ed factor . Furth r. nnore, an uncmplo_v<' d
worker 's nee d for a job is lik ely to be relat iq, l_y
m or e inte nse in an urban a rea, where t h e fa mily
cl p ends o n money incom e fo r ubsistc nce, t han
in rural ar eas wh ere s ubsis t nee is p ossib le for
so m e fami lie withou t mu ch actual cas h.
Relati on of WPA Employm ent to Un employment

Only a frn ction of th e tota l numb er of work ers
who do not hnvc pri vat e jobs ca n be employed
by th e WPA. Wi thin t he limi ts of avail ab le
fund s, employ men t i prov id ed fo r th ose worker s who arc mo t u rgcn ll y in n eed o f i t.
Th e need for ff PA employment is related
basicnlly to th e Lo Lal volu m e of un mploym en t,
but beca use of a numb er of factor Lhis r clalio nl1 ip is not n ccc sarily consla n t from month to
month or from year Lo year. Th e rclnli\·c need
of an tmcmployed worker an<l his fami ly al a ny
given tim e is d etermined by th e am o un t o f liis
savin gs and th e len°· Lh of time h r li as been ou Lof
work . So me worker s ar c able to acc unrnlate
more th an oth er s and so can provirk for Lheir
fami lies \\'l th out ou tside h el p for longer period s.
om e fa milies ca n be upport cd hy r elatives for
al least a s hor t period afll'I" lh e family head lose
his job. Som e unemployed \\·ork ers ar e eligi ble
for unemploym ent co mp ensat ion pnyrnents.
om c are m emb ers o f fomi lies in \d1i ch another
\\·orkcr ha s emp loy men t. Those with no r eso urce whatever need o mc for m o f public
nssista ncc ns soo n ns t hey nre th rown out o f
wo rk . In gl'11C"r:il , t he rela t ive prnporLion o f
t li c uncmp loyl'd wor kers who a rc in 1H•<·d in n <•:lS<' as l hl' :1n•rn g-e peri d o f unemployme nt
for th e t'll lin' g-ro u p lt'ng tl1t'i1P..

4

REPORT OK PRO(:RES ' OF THE WPA PROGRAM

Tl1<' nerd for fu Pl und dnlhing :rncl othl'l' il Pms
thnl mu sl lw purt h:1scd, and l h<·r do rl' the nt•t•d
for jobs :ind w:1gt•s, intn·ases durin g lhe winlN
m onth s, ca us ing an irnporlanl seasona l fn clor
in lh e rdalionship bel\H•en mwrnplo)-menl :111cl
\Y l) _\. cm pl-i)Tl1l('lll. The \\·inlcr incrc:1s1• in
need is intensified by simullan eo u incrc:1 s1·s in
the lot:1 1 number of per o n out of work, lwc:i use
of the curtai lnwn t of out s i1lc c nstruction :md of
olher t• nl crpri st• durin g co ld wea ther.
.Anoll1er i 111 porlant [actor all'cct ing the r elationship b l'l \H'l' ll lhe numb er of worker see king \\'PA e mpl oym ent and the t otal number
unemployed is l h n eed which exis ts among
rural :rnd farm famili e . A tenant fanner. for
exampl t•, i' tcclmic-ally exclucl ed l'rom a co unt of
um' rnplo)·ed workers , a lthou gh his need for a job
may he l'11lly a inLen e as that of an indu st rial
wage work er.
Drou g ht s that cut off farm income. and ot h er
di sas ters and e me rge ncies, su ch as hurri(' :rnes
or fl oods, that h:1,Ye no relation to employme nt
or pr Yious nred , ha Ye necessitat ed rapid expans ion of \ YP A rmployme n t at various ti mes,
furtl1er modifying its relations h ip to total
une mpl oyment.
T he propor tion of t h e un employe l \\·or ker
who :we provided wit h \ V PA emp loyment h:1s
d eclin r d s in ce 1rl36. On the ba sis of the es timates of the National Industrial Conference

Boa rd , th e ratio d ecl ined frnm 33 1~ percent
tluring the calrndar ye::ir 1!)36 to 3, perce n t
durin g 19:37, 27 percent du rin g 193 , and 26 }2
perce nt dur in g the calendar yea r 19:39_ Du ring
the firs t half of the calendar yea r 1940 , the ratio
was 23 1~ p ercent. The d ecl ine in t he ratio is
accoimted for in part by th e op eration of t h e
un employment compcn,-ation program and hy
other factors affecting the proportion of the total
number of unemployed wor ker;:; in n eed. I n
pa r t , it is an ind ication of t he c ha ng in g p ro p or t ion of t he need for employment t h at th e \ VPA
program has met.
Turnover in WPA Employment

The vo lume of turnoYe r in employment on
\Y P ,\. proj ects continued to be la rge dur ing
fi scal 19-10. de pite the fact that, t.llC level of
e mpl oyment was reduc ed h_r o ne-t h ird from
t hat of the preYi o us fisc al year. While t his
redu ·tion \1·as in process about 3 , ,5 0,000
se parations occw-recl and mor e th ::in 3 ,000 ,000
nss ign mc n ts were m ade, includ in g rcp lnccme n t
and additional as ig nmen k d uring t he win ter
pea k per iod . About 1,150,000 of t h e separnt.ions \\'er e voluntary, mos t, of t hem r epresen t ing
perso ns k nown to h aYe left t h e pr og ra m to take
pri\·:1te job . " ' PA r rnp lo)·mrnl ha ass i l ed
those workers in maintainin g \\'Ork habit and
ski ll , and t hey h ave been a ble
CHART 1
to qu:1lif\ for n ew jobs in pr iESTIMATES OF UNEMPLOY MENT
vate indu s try when employJanuary l 9 36 • June 1 940
m ent conditions have improved.
5
A continuous mo,,em en t of
"
-•~
"
~
•
~
:,
;
'
~~Lr
16
16
workers from th e p rogram and
- - - + - - - - - ~- - -- --1---- -- ~ 1•
their repla cement b_v ot her
14 r-------j--workers fro m t,h e ce r t ifi ed li s ts
has c harac teri zed t he o per at io n
of t he prog ram. To in ure t h e
conti nuation of t bi s p roce nnd
to shorten th e pe riod d urin g
\1·hich certified elig ible worke rs
haYe to wait for W PA jobs, t he
ERA Act of 1939 prov ided t ha t.
---+--------,..-------+-------l 4
no \\·orkers, except vete ra n
or
h o uld be ret~1in c l in \YPA
employment con ti 11 uo usly for
more than 1 month . At t he
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
of
month
expiration of 1
co ntinuou s employrnrn t, \ \"PA

~';.:-.~:~;::
----:--- .,..,-~-- -r"7------~- --__::.o,_,:~

- - - - - - ALUANOCA HA M ILTON INSTlTUTC

- - CON GAUS 0 ,. I N DUSTRIAL O AGAAIUTIO H S

- - AMCf'IICAN ,.tOtAATION

LA80A ♦

- - NA TIO NA L INDUSTRIAL CO N '1:A OoG( 80AAD

WPA l5ff

RE\'IE'\\' OF THE W PA PROURAi\J DURl NG THE F l S 'AL YK\R JD lO

workers are autom.1lically cliscliargecl and
cann o t. he re crLifi ed for a period of at least
30 d,,~'S.
The initia.1 application of the l -month provi ion resul ted in the sepa rn tion of OYe r 7 0,000
work ers from the prngram crurin g th e first two
months of the fi scal year. Tiu large fo rced
addition to the nonnal YOl ume of epara tions
lid not res ul t in widesp read reentry in to
private employment of t hose separated. Only
about 13 percent of the wor kers kcht1rg-ed
during t he first two m onth of the applicatio n of
the 18-month provi ion (Jul_v and August )
were a ble to find pri vate em.ployment during
the n ext four month ; i11 many cases t hey
were hired at wage con iclerably les. t,han
those paid on the WP A program.. The great
maj ority of t hem were forced to apply for
publi aid and await their turn for reassignm ent to WPA jobs. H oweve r, t hi s fo reecl
rotat ion of job enabled the WPA to provi d e
employmen t for hundred. of tho usand s of
other workers who ha l previously been aw,uting a signment.
After August 1939 the number of workers
di scharged und r the 1 -month provision declined teadily. Durin g Jun e 1940, 1 s th, n
one-half of 1 percent of all the workers employed
on ·v vPA project were disc harged because they
had been employed under the progr am continuou ly for 1 month .

Earnings and Hours of Work
During t he fi cal year 1940 the full -time rate
of m ontb ly earning fo r all \VPA workers averaged a bout $57.50. This represe nt the average
of the foll-time rates of indiYicl ual workers as
d etermined by an stablished schedul e of
monthly earnings.
tanclard m onthly wag .
are paid in acco rdance with the s kill r cq uircd
for the job to which the worker is assigned.
These standard wages vary only acco rding to
the degree of urbnnization of the vari ou .
counties, as determined by the population of
the la rgest muni cip t1 li ty in the ounty, and
according to the location of th e ouuty in one
of the three wage regions into whi ch the
country b.1 s been divid ed (C'h arl 14, page 84 ).
Th e ERA Act f 19. 9 peeified th at regional
differentials in ,rnges paitl fo r imilnr kind,; of

5

work should be no greater than differential s in
livin g cos t .
The full-time monthly wage fo r the unskilled
employees va ri es from . ·:3 1.:..,0 in the rural
counlie of th e south ern w:1ge region lo '!i7.20
in Ll1 mclropolilan a reas of llu: NorLh a nd \Vest.
In tcrmctlin,te or semiskill ed workers receive between '-!2.90 t1nd $68.90. The corrc ponding
rates for skilled workers vary from ,'54.G0 to
$89.70. Profess ional and tcehni cal worker receiv th highc. t rnte~ pt1itl to ce rtified employees, ,vhich ran ge from %55 .\10 per month in the
rural co unti es of the So u t h to .''\:l-.l.90 per month
in northern and western citi e,- .
The m n thly rates of pn.y tmdcr t he earnings
schcdul . have been estab li shed at a lc,·cl below
the montlLly wage prevaili11 g- for s imila r work in
private industry . T l1is preven ts eo mpetition
wit l1 private employe rs for the se rvices of unemployed workers and 1wovicl es an inecntiv to
WPA workers to accept private jobs. On the
other hand, the standard payment is intend ed
to meet minimum s ubsiste n ·e requirements for
a family of average ize dLu-ing the interva l of
the fami ly' em ergency, when none of its gainful
workers has other employm en t.
In order to foci.litate t he scheduling of project
operations and to increa e the efficiency of
proj ect nctivitic , a s tandard work m onth of 130
ho urs was esta bli s hetl by the ERA A t of 1939.
11Iaximum hour were se t at in any one clay
and 40 in any week, xcept. in the case of clisnsters, em crg- ncies, and cert ain spceific::t ll)r exemp ted proj ects which m ay req uire dev iati ns
from these standard

Expenditures
Th tott1 l cost of operating the WPA program
is directly related to the num.ber of w rkers em.ployed . E x penditures from funcl. appropriated
to the \VPA toktled · i ,520 ,106 ,000 fo r t he fi sca.l
year 1940 . ·vvage payme nt. to project workers
aggregated 'l. 339, 194 ,000, or
percent of t he
total. In addi t ion to the wage pay ments, a
limi ted amount of "\VPA fund hn s been made
n,vn,ilablc fo r nonl a bor proj ect costs, s uch a.s the
pureha c of materi als t1 nd s upplies and t h purchase or rc:1t of eq uipment, in proportion to
t he nmount of emplO)' lllOnt prm·ided. Under
t he ERA Act of 193\1 thi. nonlabor .dlo\\·ance

6

REPORT ON PROGRES' OF THE WPA PROGRAM

was limi ted to $6 per worker per m on t h in an y
state . During t he fisca l year ex penditures f r
t hese nonla bor costs amou nted to $12.5 ,53-!,000 ,
or perce n t of t he tota l amount ex1 end ed from
WPA fund.
Administrntivc costs totaled $.S.5,33 1,000 , or
3.6 pcrcenL of tot.al WPA ex penditure , a nd
mi sce ll aneous costs, including t ltc ettlement
of prop erty damage cla ims ancl s pec i:11 gr a nts
fo r di sas te r reli ef, acco unted for th e expenditure
of $-±7 ,000.
Operat ions su pcrvi ed directly by t he \VP A
acco un ted fo r $ 1,-!61 ,790,000 of t he total WP\.
ex penditure~ ($ 1,.520,106,000) made during t he
year. Tb e rema ining $58, :3Hi ,OOO was expend ed
from fund s allocated to ot her Federal ,lgc ncies
for the operation of , VPA proj ects .
As part of t heir sponsorship of WP A project ,
tate and loca l age nci es haYe proYicled ubs tant inl stuns to s upplement F ed eral expenditures.
Th ey haYe bee n required to meet enginee rin g
and ot l1er costs associat.ecl with t he planning of
the work . The sponsors have also supplement ed t h e F ederal all owances for project n nlabor cost- by pro,Tiding additional funds for
materi als, s upplies, a nd eq uipment.
The
amou nt o f s uch suppl ement.nt ion lrns varied
d epending upon th e type o f focility or se rvice
which t he communiti es h aYe desired and t heir
financin l a bility .
T h e ERA Act of 1039 provided th at spon::;ors
mu t meet at least 2.5 perc0 nt, of the total costs
of all state or locally sponsor ed proj ects approved ancl placed in ope rn tion n fter January
1, 1940. B etween ,January 1 and .June 30,
1940, proj ects representin g an aggregate' cos t
of $1 ,oo.s ,:323, 000 were apprond. The s po11sors
of t hese projects had pledged V(H'y in g porLion
of the cost of t he individw1 l projects , I ut the ir
com bi necl pled ges a moun t.ed to $3 1:3 ,7 52,000,
or 31 percent, of the total cost.
The tolal amount of funds expend ed by
ponsors of projects operated hy th e \YPA ltas
incr('n sed each year since the program bega,n,
nncl the ratio of sponso rs' expenditm cs to total
expenditures also lrns increased si ne th e first
years of th progra m. Durin g the fi scal _vea r
1940, ponsors C'X JWJH!ecl $-!9-!,:378,000, or 26
percC'nt of Lhe Lota! c-ost of all projects operated
b_v the iYPA. In comparison, 19 percent, of th e
totnl cost was met h_v s po11c;ors in thC' fi scnl year

19, 9, 21 p ercent in 1938, 15 percent in 1937 ,
and 10 perce nt in t h fis al y a r 1936, th e firs t
yea r of \V PA program ope rat i n . The increase
in sp onsors' finan cinl p ar ti cip ation in WPA
operntions ha faci li tated improvemen t in the
qunlity and value of t he work whi ch h as b een
done under t he prog ram.
Alt ogeth er , a to tal of $1,902 ,9.50,000 from
v--VPA ::i ncl s pon ors ' fund s ,rn exp end ed for th e
opC' rnti on of work project by th e vVl A during
the fi sc al yea r l 940. Of the total 0x pcnclilmes,
hi g hway , mad , and trect proj ec ts acc oun ted for
about-! 2 per ce nt ; public- buildings, 10 p ercent ;
p arks and oth er r ecrea ti onal fa cili t ies, 6 percent ;
"Ta ter supply and sewer ys Lcm , l J pcrcen t ;
a irports and a irways, 2 percen t ; land and water
conscn-ation . :3 p r ccnt ; ani tntion , h ealt h, and
oth er on s tru tion project , 3 p ercent ; adult
edu cation proj ec ts, 2 pe rcen t; se win g pr jec ts,
6 perc0nt; ar t, mu sic, writin g, library , and
mu se um pro:jects, :3 perce nt ; and Ya rious ot her
typ es o f profcs ional and ser vice pr jccts,
12 percent.

WPA National Defense Projects
L egis lation enact ed in June 1940 enabl ed th e
WPA to expand work on national defense
project of th e kind thnt it h ad bee n operating
sin ce th e beginnin g of th e program . A large
numb r of \VPA proj ects for th e con tru ction
and improvemen t of facili t ies of military and
n:wal agen cies already h ad b een completed by
th<· md of Jun e 1940. In conformity with
provision of appropriation acts th e WPA do c
not m an nfacLure muniti ons or implements of
war, bu t it has co ns truct ed m any typ es of
fac ili ties for military and navn l agen cies including barracks, garages, wareh ouses, train ing
field , ri rle range , adminis trative buildings,
ar mori c , road s, water main s. sewer lines, and
othe r s tructu res at m ilitary and naval posts.
Th ese projects have b een sponsored or operated
by t be iVar D epartm en t, tlw D epar tment of
th C' Navy , th e Const Guard , and th e Iational
Gun rd .
vYPA workers h ave nlso comple te l extensive
impr vements at most of th e mi li tary, naval,
and municipa l airport - in th e United State .
About 1,600 hangar and oth er bui ldin gs and
2,600,000 fccL of runways h ad b cC'n con tru ctc d

REYlEW OF THE WPA PRO(:]-tAM

ancl improved th ro u g h Lh c op c rn,Lio n of WPA
proj cc ls by t h e end of .Jmw 19--1-0 .
A n cx pa n io n o f \ VPA wo rk on Lh cs e a nd
similar n:llionn l d efen se pro:j ecLs \1·a s u11dcr lak c n
jus t befo re Llw clo, c of Lh e fi sc a l yl':1,r 19-W.
pecial prncc c\urcs l1,1vc s in ce been i11i! ia!ed to
fac il itat e Lh e review ancl approval of projl'C L
r elnl ed Lo 11 ::i.Lion a l d efen se, and Lhesl' prn.il'C't
wi ll b e g iYen pri r iLy in th e ass ig nnwnl of
w o rker s :rnd in oLh c r re peel .
S pecia l pro v i ion s of Lh c ERA .\ cl , fi scal
ycn r 19--ll , p ermi t gr eftte r 11 s o f ll1 c WPA progr a m as : i. m cnn s o f s tren g th enin g th e co untry 's
d frn scs.
cveral 1·es tr icl ion s th at onlin :1.rily
apply to the opcr n,( ion of WPA projt· cts h ave
be en wa ive d hy law Lo ex1wd il e l li e 0 1wra ti o 11 o f
pro:j ccts Cl'r t ifi ccl by t lw Sccrrl:, r y o f \Va r or
th r S c reta r y o f t h r N:wy a s impo r ta n t fo r
milit ar y or na val purpos e . S u c h projec ts
ar c exe mp ted fr om th l' lim it:1.lion of \\. PA
F eckrnl l'xpcll( liturcs for n o n la lH1 1· purposes Lo a
mn x imum of . ·5 per wo rkl' r pe r mo 11 t li . Th ey
arc also exemp te d frnm ! li e prO\·is io n 1d;ich
r eq uires th at s pon so rs p1 ·0Y idP al !Pas l 0 11L'fou r tl1 o f t h e lolal ros l o f 11 on- T◄' t·dt' l":ll projt·cl s
approv cl in ea c-1 1 s !:1lc• nfl(•r .f:rn1 :n n · l . 19-W.

I)

R I NG T H E F I CA L YE AR 19-l_Q

Exr mp t ion , from oLh cr s ta t ut ory prov1s 1on s
lrnvt' bet'n , ull1o rize cl in con n ect ion wi l h Cl'rtificd mi lila1')' a nd naval proj ects.
[ 11 tlt l' Seco nd D fi c icn cy Appropr i,1lion
A e l o f 1940 , t h e Co ng ress gave s prc ia l auth o ri Ly
to t h e \ VPA lo ope rate proj ec ts fo r trai 11 i11 0wo rk <: 1·s in occ upatio ns r equirC'd for inclu s lri s
en g age d in product io n for 11 :1,t ion nl clefen (' purposes. U nder t hi s nuLh or ity a proj ect, s pon0 1· cl I y t h e Advi so r,v Co mmiss ion lo ll1 e Co 1mc il o f Nnl ional D cfrn se a nd cos ponsor Pd by Lh c
O fli cc of Education , was ini t iated in .Jum Hl40
to op erate voc ational t rainin g prog ram s in
sch ool in ever y s tate. In t h e cs h oob workns
selected fr om 1VPA fil es an d oth er 1rn r kL·rs frnm
r cg is trati n li s ts o f p11hli c ernploynw n t o fli c-es
an· bein g tra in ed i11 s ki ll ed tracl cs and crafts
t h at rrr c essenti a l to th e c-oo rdin alcd pro lu c ti n
of m ateri a ls a nd goo d s for defen se purposes.

Accomplishments of the WPA
T ltc accornpl is ltmc 11 ts of t he \ VPA prog r:1m
ca 11 be evalu ate d in Ya riou s wa:vs, i11 acc-onla 11 ce
wit l1 its v:, r iou s purp oses. O f firs t importa 11c-e
is t he tnt:tl numb e r of job~ t lt:1l tltr ffPA ha s

Th o usand s o f perso ns enj oy lhi s WPA -b uill aqualic park and th e recreationa l fa c i liti es i t pro vid es
2a2 1:,7 °

-10

.,

7

REPORT UX PROGRES

pnwidrd . Siner th<' heg inning of the prograrn
nbout 7, 00 ,000 different indiYidua ls lt:we
1rn r kcd more tlt:111 1:30,000 ,000 man-mont hs on
\\.PA proj ec ts. Thi s s tatis ti cal fact can be
tr:rn slat ed in te rms of the economic Yalue of
i11di1·idual 11·orkc rs ' skill s :rnd the mainte nance
of t l1e total l:thor reso urces of the count,ry .
I t c:m :1l so b e trnrndatrd in te rms of pa?ments
t o landlord s and grocers or of the p resen·ation
of health nnd mor:1le in the fami lies of t h e
Nation 's produc-tin.' workers .
Another purp ose of t he "\\' PA prog ram is t,o
bring togrl lw r t he productiYe capacit )• of
unrmployed workr rs, 11·hose indi1·idm1l nred s
mus t he proYidcd for , and the needs of t he
conm1unity ,l s a 11·hole, 1d1ich cannot hr met
if t,he 1:ibor of t ltcsc 11·orkers is not put to use.
Tltrou g h t hr \\'P~\. prog ram pub li c resources.
t ltat othe rwi se mi g ht h:1Yc been used to s upp1, r t
a con siclrmblr part of the 11·orking popu.l:1tio11
in idleness, h:n-e been di rected into t hl' cons tn1ction and improve ment of essential publi c
facilities :111 d t l1 e pro ,·is ion of useful public
-:;ernces.
T he h ·1w " of ,n,r·k th:1t \\' P .\. e mplo_1·ces Im.Ye
:1,·cornp lis hrd a nd t he Y:1l11 r of thrir rnnt ribu-

Ro od thro ugh Porl e y 's Cony o n ( Utoh ) co nstruct e d b y WPA
wo rke rs

OF THE WPA PROGR .UI

t ion to th e communitie - tluoughout t he co untry
han' been dete rmined prim,u-ily by t he nat ure
of t he projec ts t h at t h e communiti es th em el ves
ban planned and proposed. The s tati ti cal
reco rd of 1rnrk completed on \\'P .A project i an
indi cation. r at h er than a comp lete mca ure, of
t he co ntribu tion 11·h ic h th e program h as mad e
to t he ph)· ica l ,1 sset s of t h e Nation.
The m s t extens i,·e accomp lishment of \ YP A
worke rs has been th e co ns t r uct ion and r e buildin g o f , econdary and farm-to-market road s.
\Y ork compl eted on all hi g hways , roads, and
s tr rcts from t h e beginning of t,h e progra m
t ltrougb D ecember 31, 1939, excerclecl 4 70 ,000
miles , and -±12,000 mile of thi rep re c nted
work done on rural roads . R oad t hat wer e
impassable clming had weat her h ave been
s tr:1ig l1 te ned. grncled, lrain cl , and s urfa ced ,
h ri11gin g about a ,·a, t impro1·cm eut in t h r acce sihi lit y of market s. sh ps . sc hoo ls , and m rclical
and other Yitally important se n ·iccs to lt un d rl'tL of thou sands of fa rm fnmi li cs. R oa d im provement wor k also has includ ed th e rep lacemrn t or r econ s truction of out worn or un afe
b ridges, cu..11-er ts, and Yiaducts. In a ll , th e
\YPA progr:1111 11 :1-:; built or reco ndition ed nea rl y
, 5G ,000 s truc tmrs of t hese ty pes . The co ns t ru ction arnl r ec on s truction of drninage fa ciliti es
and roads id e clearance 11·o rk o n m ore t han
I 00.000 mil rs of hi glnrny' han' been an cs enti:1I p:1rt of these actiYitics. Th rough it h igh 1rny program the \YPA !m s m:1de an important
contribution to the safety and con Yeni cnce of
hi g hway traYel.
\YPs\. 11·orkr 1s h,n-e coMtructrd or improYed
11 lmos t90.000 public buildings, inc l ud i11 g sc hools,
lihrarirs. g:1r:1 gcs, s torage bui ldings , to wn h all ,
:\nd othe r admini s t,rat.ive bui ldin gs . The overcrowdin g, obsolescence, and un safe condi t io ns
th:1t have prc,·ailed in tl wu sancl s of sc hool
buildin gs haYr frequently hcr11 pointed out by
lo(' ,1 1 and national Pclucationa l authorities.
T h ere has hern a large cl c nm nd fo r th e cons l ruc tion and moderni zation of sc hool buildings
throug h \Y P _\. proj ec t . and work has been
co mpl e ted on more than 30 .000 of them .
\\' PA 11·orkers haYe conduc ted lit eracy , naturali zation. vocational trainin g , and ot h e r adult
education cla sses in 11·hich the en rollment has
\.r t and mu 1c
tot:1l r cl million s of person s.
ins truc-tion cl:1 -:;~e-; a -; 11·ell 11 s art and mu s ic

RE \"l E"\Y OF T ll.l<~ \\'P.\ l'H Ot:H .\:\l D L· R 1;-.;c.: '!'H J<; F LSt'.\L ) K \l{ 19 10

A conce rt of th e Colorodo WPA Symphon y Orc hestro

produc ti on proj ec ts for t he be nefit of th e publi c
luw e bee n ,rn int egrnl p,1rt, of thc cdu e:1t.io11al
nc tiYit,ics o f the 1YPA . a, lt,n-c t.hc library unit s
built, opcr:1tcd . or nss is tcd , t hc millio11 s of
,·o lumcs of publi c li brar.Y books rc tHwnt cd , :rnd
thc catalog in g proj ec ts for m od c n1i z. i11 g librnr)'
record -y s t e ms .
Thc need for improvcment.s in publi e 11t.ilit:Y
,.;ys t cm s :rncl in sanitat,io n nnd publ ic ltcalth
fn cilitics i, eYiclen cccl by t he ,·olumc of ,,·ork of
t it sc kind s t hat has b ee n plann cd :111<1 s po nso red
by s tnt e nnd loc al age ncies . \YPA wo rk c rs h:n- e
built or improwd 12 .000 mi lcs o f w:1t cr m ni ns
and ck t,ributi on lin e a nd l c ,000 milcs o f s torm
and , a nitar~· sc wcrs . J\ l aln.rin co ntrol hn s bccn
g rca tly :Hh·an ced by clrain,1 gc wo rk d o nc o n
3 ,500,000 nc rcs of s,,·amp ln.nd . In rur:il n rcns ,
mos tly in the hoo k\\'orm and typhoid " bclt,s,' '
J,760 ,000 sanit,nr,v privi e ha ve hcc 11 co 11 s t. ru c t.cd .
Th e inadcqun c~· of hos pital :111d clini c fn cili tics in mn ny loc aliti es has hcc n n tt cs t r d h_v
publi c h ea lth :1ut,horitie.s. F ort y pr rc·r nt o f th r
co un t ies in the l'ni ted ta t.es h:n ·c no rcg is t crcd
ge nc rnl h ospitals . nncl t h e s tr uct urc :rnd rquipm en t of m a n~· cxi s t ing h os pi ta ls :irr hot h inadequ a t e a nd o bsolct e. The \\'PA h:1s r chu ilt

and mod c rni z. d l ,500 h os p ital bu ildin gs a nd
has buil t 1:32 ne w hos pi t al s. Proj ect for t h e
o perat,ion or a s is tan ce of medi cal and d ental
clini cs, for nurses · vi s it ' , and for ho me treatm e nts have bee n co ndu c tcd in coop r,1t ion with
locrrl age ncies . In a ty pi cal t wo-wee k pe ri od in
cfanunry l 940 , ncarl y a quarte r o f a mi ll io n
pe rson wer e examin ed a.nd treatcd in lw a lt u
clini c with the ass i tt1n ce of WPA wo rk e rs.
Projec ts for , ervin g lunc hes t und c rn o uri, heel sch ool c hildren from nccd y f:irn ili cs arc
closcly related to o th er \YPA ,,·clfnre :td iviti es.
On on e dny in ,January , 1,0 1)'{, 000 lun cltcs were
se r nd in 11 ,000 ,.;c hoo ls t hrou g- lwut t ltc co un t ry .
From thc beginning of tlic prog ram t hro ug h
D cce mb er 3 1, H):39 , \ \TPA work ers . c rvcd :1
t ota l of 384,000,000 lun c hes.
These exampl es illu s trntc t he vn.ri e ty and
ex tent, o f pub lic work t h:i.t hn ,.; bec ll d o ne throu g l1
t,hc \YPA prog- nim. The complc te li s t i11 clucl c,.;
I a rks, pl ,1)·g rou11 cL for hildrc n , airpo r ts fo r t. lte
na tio nnl tmn port a ti o n sy s t c m a nd fo r t hc
nat ion,11 d cfe ns , so il a nd 1rnt c r co 11 sc tT:1tio n ,
fl ood con t rol , r cfo rcs t a t io n , nnd m any ot her
k in d s o f deYclopmc n t of pro pc r t ics in wh ic h th e
publi c h as n n in te res t a nd :m in ves t m e n t .

PROVISIONS FOR THE WPA PROGRAM
DURING THE FISCAL YEAR 1941
H.o ,·rnroNs for the openition of tl1 <' \York
prog ram d11rin g t lw
year t'ndin g ,Ju,w :3Q, I 9.i I , art' co nl:1i1H'd in llw
E ncrgency Relief AppropriaLio n .\ cL, fisc ,1 1
year 19-!l. 1 Thi s act in ge neral con(i n 11l•s l li c
prnvi ion s nrnd c' in l it e pn,,·iou s :Vl':n's a (' l.
which was l'it ecl a s tht' Enwrgt'11c,· Rl'lid
ApprnpriaLion Ad of 1g:~9. Tli e Ill'\\. l<>gish1t ion differs chidly in t he provi sions d t'sig n t' d lo
fociliLaLc coo pe ration of t he \VP.A in nwas ur1's
Lo trcnglhcn the national d efe nse and in t lH'
allowances m a d P for unfon'sccn chan gc in tl1c
Lrend s of bus in ess act ivity and un e mployment
durin g a p t'riod of wo rld-wid e in labilily and
economic uncerta inty.
Th e European ,,ar with it - economi c r e per f t he
ni tP d
cussion s on th e indus trial !if
Stales has made it ext r e mely diffi cult l fon'c,1sl
with any dcg n'c of acc·urn('y lh c <'Xl l•n! of t h P
UI H'mploynw nl problem :rncl of rdid rn·<·ds fnr
a p<·riod as lon g as a yt'ar. \Yar o rd e rs of
forPign nation s as wdl as national ddc nsl'
c•xprndil1 11·('S (1•1Hl lo he co nccnlrnl ed in a fe11·
kt'.Y incluslriL•s, s uch as nir('rnft, mn c ltin c tools,
slt ipliu ild in g, and steel. Em ploynwn l rcs u It i ng
[rom lhl•s1· ad i ,·i I ics, tlH'rdore , \\-ill u nd ou hl l'< ll y
lw c·onc·(•nlral1·d lo :1 lnrg<' l'xlc n l in SJW('iali zl'd
sk ill l'd lr:1d1·s. Otlwr ski lled g roups nnd un ski llt'd work(·rs prolinhl)· will not lw nfl'ed1·d
dirl'clly. and lite indirl'd dl'Pcts :1n• nol :,;1 1-.;Cl' plibl P to :wc·urall' t'sl inwtion a( (!tis (inH'.
Exports lo m:111y parts of t h1· world lt n,·<· :ilr<'nd.,·
lwl'n sto pJ)('d , and l lwr\' l'X ists n \'<' ry dl'linilt•

PProj c ·ts .\ dminis trnlio11

1

10

l'uhlit Ht':-.ohllion ~o ,,, 71ith Con~n•ss. :.1ppro\1'd .lu111· 2h. 1~140.

t h n •al t hat furt h er ec·o no 1111c di-location in t h e
world ma~· {'Ot1tinul' lo nffrd .\. me r ican inclu sl ril's se riou sly and lo l lt row many people out of
work . F:1cl'd wi Lb u ncc•rlain t:v a s to th e
reonomi C' out look for t he n ext yea r . Con g ress
g ranted t he Presid ent a u t hority lo appo r tion
t he ,YP.\ :1pprnpriation for n le srr pt'rio<l
than t he 12 mont hs of fi sC'al year 19-! I . if in hi .
judg nwnl unc·mp loy nll' n l rnncl it ions 1wcess itatc
- uc h :wlio n . Th l' a p po r t ionm en t. may not,
ho1n•,·('r, hl' for less t l1 a 11
mont lis .

Appropria tion to the WPA
T h E H.\. Act of li t<' fi scal yea r I 9-tl ~ ap 1 ropriat es to llw \Y P,\ l lH' s um of ,-g,.- .650. 000
logct h l'r wit h lhl' unoh lig:tted ba lanc es of f un d s
mad <' a,·:ti lahl c lo t h<· \YPA by t he E R A Aet
of l~J:rn. Th is:1 pproprir1lionrcp rese 11tsa rcd uctio11 of nppro x im:1t l·l? one-t h ird from t h e
amount rn a d t> aYaibhk for t h e 19-t0 fi sca l yea r .
If unl•rnp loynwnt C'Ondit ions in the l'Ountry a r e
Slll'h ns lo req u ire t he expe nditure o f t hi s amou n t
2

The EH \ .\ rt. fi'-l'al r•·ar IU 11. also mad1..• funds a,·ailable to othn

ng1•11eir-, :1:-: f11lluws: ··:11;;1,0(Kl.tl<Hl to tht• Farm ~l-'c·urity .\dm inistrnt1on:
$ -1,000.000 lo lhP Punto Hit11 H1 •c·onstruetio11 .\tl m111istrntioo: $1.iUU ,000
to llw Hun·:i11 of I ndian .\lfa1rs: $\li ,iill.3.il to Yariou~ administrative
:U!t' fl('i Ps t C;,,neral .\.(·tount lrlJ! Oll1t·t•, Tn.>c1sury I ll•p;irtment. Public
l leultli :-:0,T, il'''· and thr (~i\"i l .\l•ronauties .\tllh onty) to carry out the
purposps of ! hi s nc·I: $7.10,flOO to th1· Oflkt• of ( ;o, t'rnmt•nt Rt' por ts;
~;in,11011,11011 rnr war n•lid lhrm11.d1 tlw Amt ri ean lkd Cross or otht'r
:1~1•1wh,s: :t11d ':'i ..)I1,00ll,IJOO for lhl' .\ ~rieultur3l .\dju stnwnl .-\.. d1111rt1~tra·
tiun
l'hps1• hrin~ th,, total appropriations madt• under thi~ at· ! to
~1.1:1:-.:-11.:~.)/
[ u order Lt, furnish the Sec:n•tary or .\crin1hurt wi th
additional funds with \\·hid1 to 11rnkP ru ra l rl'l1nhil1tution loans to rn.•C'dy
f.1nn ,•r, 1111· Hi·c·cmst riwlion Fi na nc·t' C'orporntion 1s nuthori1ctl a nd
tl1n·ct1• I Ii~ tins :u-1 tu rnakt· ad,·ane1.·.s up to $125,000,IH)l) ttl the S,,:,ereta r y
lnr th;1I p11rpns1.•.
1

1

PRO \"J S JO~S FOR Tl-IE WPA Pl-lOGl-lAl\l DURlKG 19H

111 l hl' firs l
m o nlh s of t he fi s<'a l y<': r, Lh
fund app1·o pri nlC'd will be urli (' il' ll t to 111 :1 in t:1in
t he \YL)A program at .1hout t he sanw le,·l, J as in
t he pt·t'Y ious _Vl' tlr with a n avcragl' 111 011tlily
employmen t, of 1w,1l'ly 2 ,000 ,000 pl' rsons.
Apport ionment on' r :11 1 12 mon tl1 s o f tl1 <' _\rear
would ne<:l'Ss it atc limitin g ,lYl' l',lg'< ' mo11tldy
employnwn t lo aho ut 1.:rno ,000 pc' l'ROns .
Th e finaJ1 c in g of work import :rnt for n:1ti o nal
d efense is faci li tated hy t be :1utli o rity g r:111t ed
to t he Cornmissionr r in t li e new ,1ct to 11 se :111
amount not exceeding $2 :\ 0tHl ,000 to s upplement t he amounts aut l, o ri 1/.cd fo r ncrn l:1 hor C'os ts
in conn ection wi t b the pro. eeution o f proj ec ts
whi c h hrn·c been crrt if·ied b.v t he ~ec ret:1r_Y of
\Var or by th e Secreta r_\' o f t he ~a,·_y as bein g
importnn t for military or fo r n:wa l purposes.
This provi so will permit t he s po11so ring of 111,lll_\'
proj ects for the co n truction of ai rp ort s , a rmorie , and ot.h er f:lciiit ies o f milit a1y usefu lness by s tate a nd local agr ncics t hat ,,·ould
oth erwi se b e unable to provid e :1 d cqu:1 te financid assis tance to mak e poss ible th e pmsccut io n
of s u h und crt,1king
Jt sl111uld he noted th at,
the extent to whi ch Fed e ral fund s may be
used for nonlabor purpo es is fi xed hy anot her
section of t he act .
\\'PA expenditures fo r aclmini st rntive purpose are lim ited by t he new ac t ns t hey ,,·ere by
t he ERA Ac t of 1g::19 _ If t lw totnl appropriation is s pread O\'C r t he 12 mo nth s o f t lw fi sca l
year , up to ."..J.l ,53--1 ,000 may be s pent fo r :1drnu11 s trntio n. ] f it is a ppo rtion ed for :m
-month pe ri od , however , t he amount th at m:1,y
b used fo r nd 111i11is trnti ve ex pen ses is $:)0 ,87:i ,000 . ln t he even t Lh,1t t he ,1ppropri:iti o n is
u cc.I for a pe ri od of lcs. t han 12 nw 11ths but
m ore tkrn , t he Direc to r of t he B11rC';111 o f th e
Budget is a11 t ho ri zed to ap porti on t hr :imount,
t hat ma y be used for 11dmi11is tr:1tio 11. Th e
fixed li111i t;1 ti o ns fo r th e l 2- a11d 8- mo nth pC' ri od s
a re 4 .:3 percent and 3.2 pcrC'cnt, rrs pe(' ti,·C' ly , of
th e tota l approp ri nti on t.o t he \\'P.\. ,111d re presen t a sub t:rnti:li redu ct ion from t ht' 111:1 xi111um
o f .".'i:3 ,950,000 et fo r t he previo us year. In
add iti o n to th e l imitation o n t he tota l admini st rati ve ex penditures, d c fi11it c res t ric t ion s hn ve
been placed on the a mo unts t h:1t mn y be
ex pend ed fo r snlarics, comn1L111 iC';1tio11 se rv i e,
travel, nn d prin ti ng ,rncl bi11din g und er t he t wo
al te rn:1ti vc lirn it:1 t ion s.

11

As in the previow WPA a ppropriation act,
pro,~i ion has hr en mad e in th e new act for
allocations f \\'P.\. fund s to ot,h er F ederal
agen c ic. for expen diture on proj ects whi ch arc
imiJa r in type to t hose o per:1ted by th e \\' PA.
Tb e act a uth o ri 1/.C, t he ( 'o mm issioner of \York
Projcr ts to a ll ocate up lo .''..J.0,000 ,000 to other
F ed eral ng-cJ1 c- ics l'nr t lte op e ration of s uch
proj ect , witl 1 t he rns tricLio n tliat n ot m ore
than 4 p r cen t of t h0 totul a llocation to any
agency may he Lt.' ed !or acl mini -trntive purposes and t ha t at len~t 90 percent of t he total
workers a r ce rtified :1 s in need of relief. Th e
$40,000 ,000 is on ly two-t hird s n la rge as t he
amount au thori ze d for trn nsfcr in the prev iou
yea r, l ut it rep resen t a bou t t he same proportion o f the total \\' P,\. a ppropri:-1.t.ion.
Se,·ernl othe r relati,·c ly minor res tri ctions
have been placed on t he use of fund s ap propriated to t he WPA . Th e amount oJ funds t h at
may be u eel for rad io broadcasting is limited
by the n,ct to $ i00 ,000 , and no funds ma r be
d evo ted to t be acq 11i -itio n, rental, or distribution o f motion -pi c ture films .

Types of Projects
The f Ltnd s appropri ated to th e WPA und er
t h e ERA Act , fisc al year l()..J. l , a re ava ilab le for
acl minis lralio n ; for the prosecution of F ed eral
and non-Fed eral public p rojec ts s ubj ect to th e
appro,·al f th e P res idenl : and for Llrn prosec ution of project prrviou s ly :1, ppro ved by t h e
Pr sid n t und l' l' th e p rov isions o f th e ERA A cts
of 19:37, L9:38, twd L9:39. ln llrn s pecificat ion
of th · ty pes of projc<.; Ls t lt:1 t may be prosec utecl 3
3 Rec tioo 1 (b) enu merat es t he fo ll o w111 g ty pes o f projec ts: " Ili g bwa ys,
roacl s1 and stree ts; puhl ic buildin ~s: parks, and oLh cr rl'crea ti ona l facil ities,
including huilcl.ini:,;s t her('i n , public uttlitit•s; l' lcc tr ic lr a n s mi ss i o □ and
distri hut io n lines or sys tl' lllS to scrn" perso ns in ru ra l arens . including
proJ l't ls sponsored by and fo r LlH.' hr nl' fll of no nprofi t a nd coo pe ra th·e

associa tio ns; se wer systems. wat1.:r suppl y. anti purifica ti on systems:
airports and other transport ati on fae illtl l'S; fl ood c·ont ro l; drainage;
1rrig:a uon, includ ing projects s ponsored 11:r co mmunily ditcb orga ni za·
1 ion:--; water consen ·a t ion; :-:oi l co nsl' n ·at 10 11. rnclucli ng projects sponsored
hy soil consen ·a tion dist rit ts and otlwr hodi1•s dul y org:ani zcd under
state law fo r so il erosion co ntrnl a nd so il to nsl'r\'a ti on. preferen ce be ing
gin• n to proJN· ts which w ill <'on 1rihut1• to t ill' l'l' hah illt at io n of im.li dd uals
and an iucn.•as1.' ID tlw nationa l 1nco nw ; fo n•sta l ion . reforesta tion. and otbC'r
imp ro\·eme nts of fo n•st art'as . m cludi ng tbC' establishment of fir(' lanes;
fish, game. and otlw r w1 ld ltf1• to oserva tio n; erad ication of insect, plant.
and fu11 )?.us pes ts; lh t• produetio n of limr anti marl for fc rti li zio~ so il fo r
distri buuon to fa rmers under such co nditions as may he determi ned by
the .sponsors of sueh projt•cts under th t• pro d sions of state law ; educational,
profrssional. clerica l, eul tural. rccrC'ational, produ cti on, aotl sc rdc~
projects. includi ng tra ining fo r nursing and for domes ti c ser v ice; aid to

SC'Jf. Jw lp and coopc:ratin' associations ror th e- be nefit of nrcd)' persons;
and misce llaneous projrC'ls. ' '

l2

REPORT OJ\' PHOGRE~t; OF T HE WPA PROGRAM

two minor (' h nn g ('S h n vl' lH'e n m:1d(' from t h r
Ji ,-; l o f l' lig ihl( • l _\']) ('::- containl'd in t h e prc,·io us
ad. l•' ir:-; t , lite ty pes o f co n,-;(' r v:1t ion projeels
hnn' ill'c ll s pecif it'd n nd di,·ided into gr ups
s uch a s walL'r ('On :-L'LT :1lio11, s oi l co n s L· n ·nlion ,
for es L eon s t· 1·,·alio11 , :rnd fi s h , g nmv , n nd )[ h ('I'
wildlife ('Q n ,-;t•1T:1tion . Tl1t' o n!~· d 1:111g C' m adt·
by Lhi ::- s pl' ci[ icntio n in ll1L• typL'S of projec-l ,-;
fJl'rmi ss ible for opnalio 11 is ll w ext(•n s ion of i lt t•
chl ss of irri gation projects Lo inclULk lhosl'
s pon s orl'cl hy com munil _v ditch o rga11i z:1tions .
The oLhcr c han gl' in vn lvrs lh(· s pecif-ic addition
of a Il l '''' ty pt• o f trai nin g proj ec t to l h l' kind ,-;
o f wo rk tlial tn:l_\' be (·:1 1-rivd on ; trai nin g for
nurs in g nrny no,,· 1,e g iven a s we ll :ls th e lrni nin g
for d o m cs ti(' servic e t li :1t w:ts permiltl'd under
previou s acts .
Trainin g proj ed s eligible for prosec ution b.v
tli c \V PA li:1,·e beC'n furll 1e r ('Xll'nded lo in cl u d e
the [m inin g of worke rs fo r m:rnu:d oc c upation s
in indu tries engngl'cl in pro du c tio n for n:1lion:1 l
d den se purpos e ' . T lt is provision , howen' r,
wns n oL conl:1inecl in tlw c 111Tent ERA Act , but
was :Hid ed lo t lw elig ible project lis t by mean s
o f a n ,Ulll' ndnw n l mad e b.v s ubs equent cong r es ional :wlion ." Su c h proje ·t will se rve t h e
du a l purpos e of providin g jobs for unemployl'd
workc•rs an cl , al t h e s a m l' time, of furni s h in g
(minin g wlii eh ll' ill equip ll H' lll lo sec url' t·mploymenl in inclu s tril's whi ch a r c vital to th e
na Lional ddc•nsc.
C e rtain lypl's of projC'C'l s a r · ])l'('ificaJl~, macle
inelig i blc und er l h e fi sC':d )'L':lr 194 I Ac-t . ~ on !:'
of th e fund s mack available by t hi,-; joi nt r esolution arc to he useLl for Lh e op eration of Hll)'
t h eatre project or for t h e• opcraLion of ,rny
prnj L'CL s pon sored solely by tlw WPA . N eith er
may fund s be devoted to Lh c es lnbli shmcnl or
cxpnn s ion of mil ls or fa c tories whi ch prnduc-e
a rt icles for sa le in compl'lition wit h exis tin g
indu s try ; t o the man11factu 1·e , eon truclioll , or
purcha se o f naval vc·ssc•ls, armam ent s, or mullil,io ns for military or naval forc es ; or to work on
ppnnl or r eformat or y ins titution s , unl ess the
Pre,-;idenl finds tl1 al tl1 e prnj ec L will not promot e' t lw ro mpl'l ition of product s of cmwi c t
labor ll'itl1 pro duc-l ::; of fr ee labor.
Several kind s of r p,-;[ric tion s ::ire imposed on
tlw op l' ra l ion of p ermit lL•d t y p es of projc·ct
~ By t111 · S1 C'ond D1•fiei1•1JC•y \pproprialion ~\. ct. mm ( Puhlw. ):o lilt",,
7Gth Co11 !,! rf'ss1 . npprnn•d .T11P1 •
HIIO

r,

ac-t i,·it y. N n e o f t lte fund s ap prnpriate l to t h r
\YP.\ m il)' b e n s <'cl fo r t h e c-onsl rn ct i n of a ny
F l'de r:11 or n on-F t·d e r,1l building t h at w o uld
1·t•quire more t h a n $ 100 .000 p f F ed crnl fund s.
Thi,-; i;; to be comp:n ed with s imil:ll ' limi L:1 tion s
i,1 l ltt' prev io us ac-l w l1i c h rps trictcd Fed eral
fund,; Lo .'.)0.000 and :·r:2 ,000 for Fedcn1l and
n()n-Ft'd ern I bu i Id ing s , res pect i,·L•ly . Proj ecLs
t·t•rtifiL'd by t lt , ~<•crel:1r_y oi 1\' a r and t h e , N'l'ct:n~· of t h e N n.vy :i s lwi ng importan t for milit a r:'
or n:1 ,·,1 l purpos!:'s are exempted from t hi ,-; provis ion . .\..ls() exempt ed :tre 11011-Federnl building
fo r w !tich t h e pn") j ec t \\'a s ,ippro ,·ecl b:· t h e
Pres i(it-nl pri or to r-.by 16. 19-W. for whi c h an
i:3SUL' of bond wa s ,1,pprm' L'cl :1 t :111 de lion h eld
prior lo t h ,ll dal l', or for t h e compldi on o f whic-h
fund ,: h ave' b een n llocn t ed :i nd i1Tt'Yocabl)' s e t
:ts id<' und er prior relief appropri:1lio11 act -. It i,-;
:d so spec if-ied that n o F ed l'rnl con s truct io n
prnjl'Cl. with t h e except ion o f fl ood contrnl an d
water cons l' rYaLion project s aut h ori ze d unde r
t h e l,l\\·. cnn be pros ec ut l'd until fund s uffi cie nt
fo r its eomplc tio n a r c irrevocably , t a id e .
Financing of Projects
The fisc-a l ye:1 r 1941 A ct continu es the requ irem ent initi,1.tl'cl in t h e preced ing act, t hat
s ponsors mu s t furni sh not less t h :111 25 p er ce nt
of the tol:tl cos t of a ll non-Fcdcra.l pro jec ts
unckrtnken in any state t h nt w er e a pprove l for
open1Lion af t er .January 1. 1940. This provi s ion does not m e:rn t h a t at k:1 - t on e- forn·t b o f
tl1 e cos t of eac h prnjc• ·.t mu s t h e born e by iL::s ponso r . but ap pli c to t ltc total cos t o f all su c-h
prnjeds in each staLc. ExL·mplion from t h is
requirement i made in lhl' c:l s e of p r o j ecL
wltic-lt h aw been certifi ed a s being important
for militm·y 01· navnl purposes or prnjcc.l s
wh ich :lut ltori zc nec essary tc• mporary n1c,1,sures
to ,tnrl d :mger to li fe . propert)·, or h ea lth in
the t•vent of di sa s t er or gnt ,·t· L'm er g cnc)·.
Spo ns or of non-Federal p rojects (excep t t h e
Pu Prlo Rico R eeon s lruction .\ dministrat ion )
nn• required , as ullcil'r t h e prc ,·io us ,\c t , to
t'11 tn into :l ,uilt en ng rL'L' lll L'nt to finan ce such
p,1,rt of t h e cnl irl' cos t t h ereof a ' th e Co mmiss iom·r of '\Yo rk Project ddcrmin 'S is an a cl e4u,llt' contribut io n , a fte r tak in g in to con s icl c rttlion l li l' fi 1rnneia l nbility of t h e po nso r. Th e
ommi ssio n l'r is a u t ho ri zed to pres c rili e ru les

PRO\ I S IO .\"S FOH '!' JI B \\'P A PRUC:l:L\.\ I J>CHI.\"(: I !J

n·g 1di1 t ions rr la tin g to tlw n1 lt1:1 t ion of
:1 nd
s ponso rs · co ntribu tions in kind. lo 1d1id1 :111
actu:11 (':lS h Y:ilue <·;111 lw :1ss iµ: 1wd. l'n•dit m:t_,·
he iii loll'ed . ho" ·(· 1·(· r. on l:· lo l Ii <' <'Xt<• n t l li:1 t
the furnis l1 in g of SU('h <·0 11 l rih11 t ions rt' pn•st·nt s
a Jin:tn('i:1 1 h11rd l'n lo l l1t· prnj l'd s ponsor.
T he nnn h bor cost l'<'S lridion a proY 1sHm
tlrn L, nlong ll' it h th l' 2.'J pcrct• nl s pon sors' r<·qui rl' nw n t . serv es as a contrnl on• r lh <• n motml
of pon sor ' contributions is l'011ti 11u t'd und<•r
the ri sca l ytar 1\.J-!l Act as u11clPr t hl' pr·Pvious
act. T his limit the Fed(•r:1 1 <'X pt•11<liturt• :nrt hor iza li o ns fo r no nlahor cost s in any st;1l<' to
an a Yer:1ge of .''6 per rnon th pl'r ll'nrkl'r for l I1<'
fi sc a l Yl':lr . ln cnscs " ·hen· l li e• i11nl':1 s<•d ('O , t
of m:1t eri:1 ls \\'Oukl bnY e llH' C'f l'e·c·t of r:1i sin g
tbi nveragc above $6 t li r l'ommiss io rwr of
\ Yo rk Projects may authori ze• :rn i11('n•: 1s<• i11 t l1 e
limilnlion up to :1s mu ch ;1 s $7 lo ofl'scl l l1<· rise'.
Fund autl1orizecl for n o nl:il ior ('Osl s mtl )' not
be u l'd lo purch ase cons truction t·q11ip11w 11l 01·
mac hin ery if such eq uipnw n t t·:111 I><• n·nll'd nl
r raso 11;1hle pr iC"es ( :1 dctl' rmirr l'd h_,· ll1e• ( 'o mrni , simw r) . Also, :1 nw n tio 1wd C': 1rlie•r , an
amo1111l n o t to exceed ."2E> ,000 .000 m:1_,· lw 11sed
o m mi ssion cr to s1 1pplPmP11l t he
by t he
amo un ts i1 utl 1o rizcd for nonl11')()r l'ns ts i11 t·o nn e<.:l ion ll'il li t he prosec ution of prnjt·(·ls ll' l1 il' h
ban hN' n certifi ed as being impo rlnnl for
militnr,v or naval purposes.
T li l' 194 l Act contains a rn·" · prO\·is ion st i pu la ting l h;1t wh en it is found th ,1l p11h li l' proj<•d
b nYc been sold or di posed of for prirnlt• use,
a n res ul t of b::tcl faith , fraud , or mis r(' presl'nln tion on th r part of t h e spons r , t li l' s ponsor ;1nd
th e tr an s fe ree nre mad e liable lo t he l'nil l'd
Stntl's jo inLly and severa ll)· fo r t he a rn ounl of
F edl' rn I fund s ex pended on th e pro ject.
Monthly Earnings and H ours of W ork

Th e fi sl' ul )' C,H 19-!l -'H:l continues the 130bour ll'ork monlh and tlic ' t•l·urity ll'age prov is io ns under ll'hicl1 t lll' \ \'P_\. l1a s Op(• nll <·d
durin g t he l 0.J.() fi sc:11 1 y ear .5 Thl' Co mmi ss iont•r
!11:1)' nul horiz(' tlw C'X('mptions fl'Om llH· limit11 lio11 on ho 11 rs of \\'Ork and mon l h ly (':l rni ngs t lin l
·mill ed und e r l'n l'ii er ads lo pl'Ol< •< ·l work
W(' I'( ' pt' 1
a ln,acly donl' on a proj ect. lo permit mnkin g 11p
5

Tlw ,\ag<•s an d hours prodsioos ri rt• <k sl'nlwd

section of thi s r('porL , pp . , :{ to ":1-

111

1kta1I i11 ·11101lwr

13

11

lost time , lo mrd c' nH• rge ncics inYolvin g l l1 1·
public 1n·lf:ll'l', nncl lo permit fkxibilily in t ll<'
h urs nn d e:1rn i11gs of SUJ)('rvi sory pt•J" Ollll('I
crnpl oy('(I on 11·ork projeds. Und er l lH• ll ('11
acl be may also authorize ew mpli ons of
pe rson emp loye d on proj rcls ce rtifi ed as bei ng
importa n L for m ili tary or nav nl pu rpose a nd ,
at his di sc r et ion, may r qu ire a lesser number
of ho ur and co rres pondin gly lower ea rnings of
certified worker wi t h no dependents.
Labor and Employment Provisi ons

In general th e emp loym nt provisions of the
prcY iou s act arc continu ed in tlw fi sc al year
19-! l Act. T hes<' pro,·isions deal with cligil ilil)' fo r e mp lo,v menl , nilni,1 fo r priority in
assig nm ent , t(• 1·lific:1t ion pr cedures, lli c peri od
f conti nuo us emp loy ment , and other reg ula tion s tl fl' ('C'l in µ: the · \\' P,\. 1rnrk er in Itis prnj ed
cm ploY nH•n l.'
Some l'l'quir<• nw nl , howeve r, were moclif-ied
slighll)' nnd ;1 fell' new prov is ion s were inlrodu cL· d . Prderen cl' in emp loy ment form ed)·
granLccl on ly to ,·ete r:rn s 1v::i s l'xle nd ed to un marri ed ll'idoll's of n ·t ernn s nnd wiY e of veteran s who nrt• u 11 cmp loya hlc and in need .
Disdrnrgc d dl':lfl c· rHolle's wilhoul l'ITr cee nn ecled di sn biliL)· arl' not eo ns id ered :1s Ye tern n s. Exl'mplion fro m the requi rement that
all reli ef wo rkers wl1 0 hav l' bet•n ('O lllinuous ly
emplO)' Cd on \\' PA projeds fo r mo re t han 18
m ont hs mu s t lw rl'mon•d from s uch employm ent fo r at len sl :30 days ;rnd tl 1t' ir elig ibility
r ccrtifil'll befo re' tl 1ey C"an bt' resLor cd lo employnw n t is extl' 1HINI to includ e unm arried
11·idows ,rnd win·s o l' ,·dl' t·:111 s in addition lo
Lhc veLe r:rn s tli e•n 1se1Yes. A new J)l'OYisio n
pec ifi es t bnl hli11d person s rece iving ;1 id und er
the Social Securit)· Act s h,1 11 not he prnl1ibilcd
from tempo r:1ril~· rt' linquis hin g s uc h aid in order
to accept t'mp lO)'Jnt• nt on ;1 \\' P ,\ proj l'el.
Th e prr,·ious act's rest ri rlion ngninst pro,·icli ng <'mp lo_ynwn t fo r nlien s wa s l'Xll' nd ed in
th e 1\.J-l 1 _\.('[ lo ;lpply lo Co mmuni st , nwm lwrs
of 1rn)· ~azi H1111d o rgan iza ti o n , or an )· pl'rson
who ndYOl':ltC's, or is ;1 meml w r of ,\ll o rga ni zatio n ll'hic·li nd YO(':lll's , liil' Ol'(• rt l1 l'O\\' or t lw
Oon•rnnwnl of l lw LTni lc'd Sl:ll<·s . . \. 11 ,1 flid nvil
ft f<: 1n pl oyuli.'nt n•g11lt1llo n s :lpplt l'a hll' dU rlll J.! IIW fi .,_1·n l
dl'S<'rlhPd in a noth r r "-l•r tion nf !hi " rPporl, pp. 01 In "'i :~

~p:1r

l<lHI ·\ rt'

14

Hl~POR' I' OX P RO GRESS OF T HE WPA PHOG R Al\I

n'g:1l'din g ('itiz1'11ship an d mr ml H' rs liip in any
of t he :d >o , <' g roupc- i~ requi red from :di pt• rso ns
rP<'l'iYing fu nds under this al'l. a nd su!' h :1 11 affidaYil is to he conside rPd prim :1 f:H·iv 1·,·id ence
i11 thi s rcsp<'('l. Anot lwr !'liange w:ts mad e in
<·011n 1·1· tio 11 ,,·it h th e requirenw n l ll 1al lll<' nee d
s l:1l us or rl' lid empl oy<•Ps on "·o rk proj !'d s be
inn'slig:1t,·d :it kasl n11<·(• i11 <'H' ry ti mont hs by
\\'PA ; llH· 19-l-l . \_(' t requires an in vcs li ga Lion
once L'Y 1·1J' I ~ months.

O th e r Pro vis ions o f the Act
A n ew proYision of t h<' fi s('al year Hl-!l Act
permi ts \\' PA approp ri:1t io11 s lo lw tr s<'d fo r the
pro visio n of m edi cal :llld li m, pi [;ii f:1(' iIi[ ies fo r
employ ees in wo rk c:1mps and for buria l cxpl'n , cs and t r:m sporl a li on of rem:1i 11s of dc<'<'ascd t' mplo.vees. D edu c tio ns an' to lw mad e
from Lhc earn ing of all wo rk c:1 mp 1•mp lo,"1·ees
in amo unts es tima te d lo Ill' su{!i (' ienl lo offse t

th e' rx pcnsc lo l he U nite d LaLcs r es ulti ng from
t he proY isio n of t l1 csc se rvi ces.
Th t' us ua l J) l'll\' isions con ce rning t he fin ancial
aspects o f t he prog ra m a rc continu ed und er th e
11 1• \\· ac l. T li cse prov isio ns relat e t r eceip ts
: nd coll ections, r evolv in g fun d , purcha es
amo un t in g lo less th an ::300. it em ' nll owable
as ad m inis lml iYc cx pl' nS<'S, pro perly damage
elaims, :rnd llw s uhmis' io11 of r equi red repor t
lo t he Co 11g r1'ss. Oth L' r prov isions "·hi <.: h remain
u 11 c ha nged r(•fl' r· to em ploy <'<'S' corn pensa tion,
aul11 o ri l,"1· to pre cr ibe rulvs :rnd reg ulation s,
. p<·<·ifi ca lion s co nce rning appoi11 trn en L :rnd sc para lion o f nd minist r·atin' t' m plO,\' l'l'S, coo peration
of l hr Comm issioner wit h t lw ,·,1rio us s LaLe and
lo('a l go \'e rn nwnts on t he unemp loym en t pr o bk m, pro hibitio n of t he pro mising of r mpl oy nw11l as :1 rL'\\':11'd for politi ca l activi ty , po liti cal
olicilalio n. po liti ca l activity of cmploy<'PS, a nd
pro hihilio11 of comp ensation to cand idaLes for
p ublic ofli ce.

THE WP A AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
I EGISLATJ VE act ion following th e Prcs id<'nt's
L nwss,tgt·s Lo Congr • s n'C[Ul'Stmg a rap1 I enla rgem ent of Lhc program of national dcft'n c
h,1s been chi ef ly concerned " ·iLh approp ri aLions
for the equ iprnen L, suppli <' , :md personnel required by the Nation's anned fo rces. I t also
h as extended to t he " ·ork of other gove rnmenta l
agenc ies whose a t iYi ties arc directly related to
the clcfen c program. These agencies, while
con tinuing their normal " ·ork, ban! been
clircckcl and autho ri zed to assume var ious new
fun ctions in the interest of n ational defense.
Coordination of this work i a p rimary function
of th e Advi or y Commi sion Lo the Council of
National Defense, crcaLecl in .:\lay 19-!0 under
authority of the Act of August 29, 1916.
The II~ork Proj cts Ad mini lration i one of
the Federal agc'ncies th at arc coopt'rnting in the
prcparcdnc s program . The function of t he
\Y PA continues to b that of Iurni hin g jobs on
useful projects to work er in n eed of employm ent; but at the amc time, as mucli a poss ibl e
of the avail a ble manpm,·er o f \\' PA wo rkers
will be devote l Lo project which will s trength en
the counLry's clden cs. To facilitate t he operation of projects of military and n,n-al importa nce, the Congrc s in rporn.t<'cl a number of
pecia l pro,,i ions in th e Enwrgp ncy Relief
Appropriation Act for the fi cal year 19-!l.
l\luch of the work thaL had already been
accompli h cd through the opNaJ ion of \YPA
prnj c ts before this lcgi lation was ennctecl is
of cons iderable import ance to effccLive ckf Pnse.
The road and bridge., many of th buildings,
and numerous other fa iliti l' constrt1cll'd or improved through project activity dming the first

fiye yea rs of th e program Wl'rc not ori ginally
underLakcn as prnlt•ctive 111<'1 SUITS hut se1Te
th at purpose lo a gren t extent. H o\\·t•vcr, soml'
\\'PA wo rk , such as that. pon s red or opl'l'akd
by the \\' ar D epartment and thl' Dl'parlnwnt
of th e Navy, was clcsignc I spl•cifieally fo r
defen se purpo cs. A review of \\'P.'.. nceomplishment that are of particul ar va lue in th e
preparcclnc s program is prespn tecl aL Lhe close
of thi sec tion foll owing a discu ion of th e plans
f r expanding dcfcn c work duri11g the coming
fiscal year.

Legislation Facilitating Operation
of WPA Defense Projects
The Emcro-ency Reli ef Appropriation Act, fi scal year 19-! l , contained a number of pccific
proYi ion intt'ndccl to permit greater us<' o f th e
\YP A program a a m eans of trengl h <·n ing the
count ry' cldl•nse . The act exempt ill l projects cer Li fi l'd by either the ccn'ta ry of' \Ynr or
the ecn'tary of the Ia,·y as bein g important
for milit ary or naval purposes from Cl'rtain
gene ral stil tutory regulation npplic11ble tooth 'r
\YPA prnjeet . TlH'se exemptions bccilme
effcct i,·e ,July 1, 19-!0.
\\--.-o rk of importance to d efense plan , uch a
the construction of civil airports located in
strn tt•gic areas, barrack , J ationnl ,-uard armorie , and imilar facili ties, freqrn' ntly i1wolYe
nonlahor cost whi ch projl'ct s ponso rs wou ltl be
unable to finance " ·iLhl ut more Fl' d eral assistance th an tli l' ,·5 per worker 1wr month ordinarily permiLLed by law fo r nonlahor purposes.
15

16

REPORT ON P ROGRESS OX THE WPA PROGRAM

Finnncin g of Sllch \\·ork u nd er certified d efense
proj C'c ls was fnc ililn tcd hy an au th orizati n
pc rmillin g the suppl ementation of th e u su al
F cdl'ral n onl al>or :illn\\·1111 c<· in amounts n t, to
exc<•ed a Cola] o f $25,000 ,000 .
Cert ifi ed ddense proj c,c ls wc r exempt ed
from t h e re 1u i rem l'nt th at in each l ate :2.5
p e rcent of tit<· total cost of all n on-~'cdcrnl
proj<·cts npproYed a fte r ,Tanuar y l , Hl-1-0 , must
he met h)- tlw st:lt e or its politi cal suh<li\·isiom;. Tht> $ 100.000 limit at ion plac(·d on\\' PA
ex penditures for W()rk o n a11~- pub li c huildin g
\\'a' :dso waiY<•d in th e case of ce rLifi L·d defen se
project , thu s making possil, le th e consl ru ·t ion
of m an y airplan e h an ga rs, military hospitals,
des irnhlc for d ·frnse
and o th er building
purpose , whi ch would h an• b een prohih il<·d
und er th e rl'gul nl ions gon· rning regul a r projecLs. An additi onal a id to th e prnsen1lion of
dcf<·nsc• project s is a proYision penn illing (•xemp-

I'

Over 200 National Gua rd armories have bee n erec ted by
th e WPA-Santa Fe, New M ex ic o (top), and
Birmingham, A la ba ma

tions from th e r egula r sch e lu l<' of m n1t thl~ea rn in gs and h ours n f work .
WPA 's p arli eipaLi on in t ill an ot h er ty p e of
d efe nse activ iLy was a u Lh or ized by t h e, eco1Jd
D efi ien cy Appropri ation Act of 1940 . A proYis ion of thi s aeL specifi es th at 'iVPA fund s
appropriat ed by th e Emerge ncy Rclid Appropria Lion Act , fiscal year 19-±1 , m ay b e used for
t h e training of workers " for m anual occup at ions
in indus tries l'n gaged in production for n at ion a l
lefensc purposes."
De velopment of Defense Projects

Expe ri en ce gain ed in operating pub lic pr jects du rin g t h e pa t fiv e years a nd th e high
d egn •e of fle x ibility of its program enabled l he
'iYP.\ to adapt it a .ti v i li es r l'n clily to lh e ncc' ds
of l li e inLen s iv e defen se prog ram initiated in
th e s prin g and s umm e r o f 1940. The 1VPA
orgn ni z:,lion , fun ctionin g in eve ry s tat e and
1wnl'I_,· l'H'ry co unty o f th e nit ed Stales, h as
('S La hli slw.d and coordinate<! working a rrangenw 11ls \\·ilh bot h local a nd F<•d ernl agencies nncl
is ab le lo nss ign qualifi ed work ers to defense
proj c•ct , a r:1 pid ly ns wo rkin g plan s are
developed and app roved .
Th e ERA Ac t o f 19:1:i and ubse qu cnt a ppropriation act s d efinit ely prohibit ed the use of
\YP,\ funds f r muniti o ns, wn.r hips, or ins Lrunwnts of war , bul p ermill NI th e co ns Lruction
and impro ve m ent o f bui ldings and a irport s and
o f nl h l'r lype of co ns truct ion and n on co ns truction work on military or na vn.l r eserva t io ns,
pos ls, forts, camp , or fortified areas . :-[any
projects o pl'rnt ed by th e WPA h ad been
s po nsorPd bv the V\Tar a nd Navy D e partm en ts.
th e Const Guard , and t he Nnl ionn l Guard.
B eg innin g in July 1938 th e F ecl ern l clefonse
agl' nciPs t he msel ves op erated a numb er of
s imilar \Y P.\ proj ects wilh l?eclcral funds allocnle d ln t he m by Lhe \\TPA . In bi s te timony
bdore l he Sc'nal e Cornmill ce o n Approprial ions in r egard to lh c Em er gl'n cy R r li d Approprin t ion . \ cl, fi sca l )'ea r 194 1, t he Commissioner
of W or k Proj ects s lresse cl th e work whi ch co uld
he clonP by 1YPA in irnpro,·ing or clen•loping
mi li la1·y n.ncl na v::il air bases, mo bilizaLion
cc'nl ers. arm ori es, rifl e ranges, Liou ing for
trnops, and o lher lrninin g fa ciliti es.

]7

T H E W P A AN D NATIO X .\ L DEFE NSE

In a cldi Lion Lo ils c mph a is o n pl'Oj ' Cl." o f
l lH'Sl' ge rw ral lyp C' du ring t h e fi sc a l ~· enr 1041 .
t li e \Y P A will co n ti n ue iL ' work on m uni c ip:l l
nir po rL n nd ai rway pro j ec t s po nso red by l:ltl'
n nd locn l pu bli · bo di es, m os t o f wh ic h lrnxe a n
im po l'l a nt pi nce in d efense p lan s .
T h e \VPA will al so eoo p<'r:1t c wi t h t h e vVa r
n nd Navy D c pa r tnwn ts a nd wit h oL h<'I' ng c rw ies
in th e improvem c11l of roa cl s of s l rn ll'g i(' mi liln ry impo r Lan cc. A ccess ro:1d s lo a rm y pos ts,
lo n:1n 1I s l11l io ns, a nd to m ilit,H)' a nd n an1 l
d cpo ls , arse n a ls, and r esc1T alion s, nncl ro ad s
wiLhin t hese r cscr v at ion s w ill h c d eY<' io 1wd .
Road s h o uld e rs of s l rn l cgie hi g ln,·a~·s \\' ill ho
\\' id e rH' cl s ufli e ie n tl~· to pe rm i t t h e p :1r k ing of
:1rm~' 01 n ·o~·s \\'i t lto u t o bs t ru c t in g ll s un l lrafli c ,
a nd em p l, a s i 11·ill lw g in' n to tl1 e d eYclo pm n t
o f 1ur, ili,1ry ro:l d s th at parall el nrn in ro tr l l' inclu d ed in t lw s t rn tcg ic lii glnrny net wo r k .
B rid ges w ill he wi d e n ed nnd s tre ng th e ned and
ohs t ru c Lio ns w ill he dimi rwll'd . H o ad s and
s t ree ts in indu s trial n rens an d t hose prov id in g
nee- cs Lo im port a n t c iv il , mi litary , mi d na v al
:1 irpo l'l s also wi ll he imp roved lh l'O ugh v\'PA
proj ect wo rk .
C e r t a in Sl'iccted types of wo r k w h ich t h e
,\" P A li ns ::drl'ady d orn' in co rrn r cl io n wi th
11 ,1L io 11 :1 l d efen se ill u trat c t h e ex te n t n ncl 1111po rl:rn ce of th e con tri b u t ion t h is prog r:1 m ca n
m ,1 k c lo th e expanded clcfr n se prog ra m . At
ll1c end o f J\ [ay , b efor e at t n t io n b ec am e co n ce n tra t ed o n defen se m e,1s urcs, 7-!0 pro jc·c- ts
in vo l vin g rn n tru c t ion and imp ro vc m cn L of

Im p ro ve m e nt s mo d e ot Fo rt M o nm o ut h , N ew J e rse y , inc lude
th e co nstructio n o f ro a d s a nd t urn in g c irc les , gra d in g,
ond la nd sca pi n g

mil itn r y or nava l fo c ili t ie :m d mun ic ip a l a irpo rt s 11·L' re c iLli c r in o pl' rn lion 0 1· ap pro ved and
a va ilable fo r op e r:tLio n by th e W PA . T h e
559 a cLi v c p ro j ec t w ern b e in g co ndu cted at :' 67
d iffer e n t s it es loca t ed Llu-ou g ho u t prnc tic- ally
all th e s tates . Availabl fo r initi aLion w er e 18 1
a clcli t ionu l pro j ·c ts loc a Le d u t 152 d iffe re n t .s it es .
Th ese totals lo noL in cl ud e t he pro jects th en in
op crn tion or rtva ila blc fo r o pnal ion by th e , Var
or Nrt vy D e par t m en t or t lte Co a s t G ua rd wi th
SYPA fu nd .
E mploy m e n t on p ro j ec t op ernted by t h e
W P A t h a t we re s p on so red o r cos po nsored b y
t h e A r my , NuYy , C oast Gua rd , and National
G u ur d totaled a bo u t -!7 ,000 11·orkers in t h e
firs l 11· cek of Jun e 1940 . An acl d iLional 1:3,000

T .1H r, E I .
N u MB~~R 0 1, P ERS ON S E~1P L O YE D ON WPA AIRP O RT P RO J ECT , · AN D ON OT HE R \ YP A P RO J ECTS , P ON:; 0 1<E D O R QpJ~R AT E D BY JV1 11, 1T ARY AN D N AVA L A GE N LJ,; S , BY SE L EC T E D T Y P E 01' P RO J E T AN D l3 y A GE N CY A
J UNE 5 , 19-10

Projects Vpcratcd by \\' l.J A aoJ 8 µonson.·d hy-

'l'y p1..· o f 1-' roj ec t

ll' ar

i\a,·y
De part•

DepnrL ·

llH' tll and

Tl) L' Ol

C'oast

G ra nd

T o ta l

Vt lwr
agt'ntics
Nau una l
G uard

(for a ir-

port s

T ota l

and air-

Na\'\'

\\' ~r
JJl' p:1rl -

u,,pnft -

lTil'l1t

mL~n t

C'oast
G ua rd

ways

Guard

on!~·)
---1-----

T o tal

Puhl ic huild 1ru~s
.\ irport s a nd ai rways
_
Prort •ssio na l and SL· rdce (n'sea rch a od rer-

onl ")
OLher

99. 112 1

59, 799

3-1, 5.55

G. ·167

6-1. :l2,
2 1. nu:{

:lO ..)I I

22, 2'.t0
fi, 9ifi

3, 9 Hi

I , 375

I. 5.59

162

2 1,

,uo

1,207

I. J:l3

8. 79,

r,, 63!\

-\ L imit1 tl to projL•e ts s ponso rL'd or 0 1wrated hy thl' \\' ar uud
way projt> et s '-Ponsorl•d by sta t(' a nd loea l cid l age ncies.
1

.,11
4. 8 1\J

l2. 79 1

339
1. LO,

,2. i9 1 I

:l9. 225

28. :J:i:>

10. i:li

3:~. j \ (;
:i. 211:i

2:$, 17 1
2, 907

10. 2:1-1
233

iI
2, l fi:l

I , 880

270

,i

12

1avy D c part rnc nts, the Coast G uard , and th e Na ll onal G unn!, und a ll a irport and air-

I,

REPORT OX PROURESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM

lh e eon s t ruction of lmilcl ings at an nrmy post
and a landing 11 cld at tlH' air hn sc in Puerto
Hico , nca l'ly J ,000 on proj ccLs operated by th e
'IYPA i11 H awaii. and som e 300 on an a irport
and Yn n ou
Lran s portation prnjects in th e
Virg in I sland
T .1.BLE 2.- Nu~JBER OF PER:'\ ONS EMPLOYED ON ,vPA
AIRPORT PRO.IE ('TS AN D 0:-1 OTHER WPA PROJECTS
::iPO Nl'S ORED OH OPER ATE D BY MTL ITAHY AND l\'AVA T,
A GENC IE. ' BY STATE A
J UN E !i, 1940
\\'PA

At th e Wilmingt o n (De la ware) marin e te rminal WPA workers
erected thi s brick administra tio n bui ld ing , reconditi o ne d th e tow e rs, and laid new concre te
wa lks a long th e riv e r front

State

T otal

Operated
hv Other
Fr<lcra l

1w r:1tr d

hy WP.\

,\ gcncies

-----------1--Totnl

persons were wo rking on nirport an d airway
projl'dS s po nso red by s late and loca l agl'ncics
and :39 ,000 pe rson s were employed on \\'PA
proj ects operated by lhe War a nd N:1vy D e partments aml llw CoasL Gua rd , br in g in g employment on proj('cts of importance Lo naLional
defense lo a bo u t 100 ,000 (Table 1) .
1\Iore l11:111 lrn lf of lh e employ ees ,,ere Pngagcd
in th e co nsln1clion or improvemt'nt of arsena ls ,
barrack , nrrno ries, nnd ol11('r type o r buildings t'SSt' n t ial lo rnili Lary and naval 01wra lion s .
Of tbc r emainin g workers a major ity (2.5.000)
were cm ployed on airport an d ainv:1,y proj<'cls;
among t hem were almos t 10 ,000 1w rsons \1-orking on airport prnjecLs that were sponsored or
operated by lhe 1\'ar D epartment.
~lore lhan l ,000 person s wen' cm pl y<·d on
prof<•ssionnl nncl sc1Ticc prnjccts s pon son·d i>y
t he chief cldcnsc agencies. Almos t half of LIH·se
work<•r were cng:1gcd in cngin<·Pring s un' cy,; an d
th e ol h crs were indexin g slat<' military reconl s,
pr<'paring hanclhooks of military l errn s, dmfting
maps n et'dL•d by t he "\Yar Dcpar'lmcnt, an l performin g similar work.
Practically every , tatr wn s rcpresl'ntcd in the
lis t of proj ecLs on which l hcse \ VP A workers
wer e engaged. Th e number employed was
lnrgt'st in Cali fornia (9,823) and Nell' York
(9,372) . In ~[assachu ct ts 6,6.5,5 persons were
at work and th e number en gagrd on su ch
proje ct in 13 other s lates range d bclwccn 2,000
and .5,000 . In aclclilion lo lhe workers cmployccl in continental United
tatcs, about
8 ,000 workers wer e employ ed on projccls for

Projects

Projrcts

A laha ma
.\r iznna
A rkanFf\ S
C'alifnrnia
f'nlorn,do

99. 112 1
909
181 1
1.13
9.823
2, Rf)fi

C'onnr>r t 1eu L _

lk lawa re __ _

l) ic:- trirt of Columhi ri

Florida

____ _

(;poreia . ___ ___ ___ _

Illinoi s
I ndiann

Ka nsas

Ken turkv

158
169
53
2,440
931

622

2(12

~\ l assnrhusrtt s

6, fi,5:'l
I. :179
I , 637

l\ fi ss issinpi
;\ I iS"-Ouri

J 12

R62

:\fon!:.1na

290

C'hrnska

902

63
3,061

72.5
67
332
993

1, 177

7"2-1
l, ml.l

I\firhiean
l\finnc'so ta

I , 347
I, 136

3. 4~7
3 7

3. 7, 6
l. 24 4

2. 097
I . 305
.17 1
:i. 210

330
37

320
2. 5fifi

63

Lou i s irt □ 8
1\ [ ain1•
;\ l"ar~~\an <I

1

39. 22.1

7,1H
II

400
7, 3R3
1. 92F

1r17
3. 913
4.G23
l. 2.~9

lrl nho
Lown

.19, 79H

392
].002
I,

g7~ I

1,017

477

91
l , 207
'l, 22fi

2. 00'1
4,429

429

I. 197
1,226
J.12
721
147

I 2
41 I

138
143

31

4 0

162

::'\.,.p,-~11 la
'.'\f(•w rl ampshi rc
NPw Jrrspv
:\'"1.:•w \ft.., x(ro __ _

,104
2, 9.14
36

9.1
l, 9.16
36

409
99R

~rwYnrk

9. :{72

7. 807

I , .165

677

288

199

nl 7

Nn rt h rriro lina
'forth Dakota

389

Ohin

2,

Okbhomn

I , 694

109
I. 478
.1.19

:J2:\

2'1 1

T'< •nn syl,·:1nia

4. ~2fi

Hho1k l '-bnd
Soul h f'arnlina _

317
2, 7fi:{
302

2, JR
6,1
I. .198
109

74
l. 508
2S2
I , 165
193

32 1
Rl9
946
7:l
428

2. 326
102
2·12
2,324

2. 835
73 7
419

1, 9.12

83

127

64

Orrgon

Rnuth Dakota ______ _______ _

1'enn<'"iSt'e

Tr:xn 'i-t ·1h
VPrtnn nt
Vi rginia

\\'ashington
\V\'l'-i f \ ~irl'! inia
\V i,;;;(•on "- in __
\\"yoming __ _

Hawa ii
Pm•rto Riro
Virgin Island,;:,

3, 321
JR.I
I. OIS

I

:Ji.I
2, 7'1~

964
8,010
357

I.

I. 135

737
3.17

964

-·

;;og

62
63

------ -----s. 010

357

-------,
... Limikd to project s spon -;orl'<l or o rwrnted b y the \\'a r and Na,1 y
Dcp:1rtmt'nt c; , tlH' Coas t nun.rd . and the National Ouard, and all ai rport
and nin,. . ay project s sponsorcU hy £late and local civi l age ncies.

THE WPA A

I J) 1

A. one of l h r firs t s lrps in C'X f)fllHlin g iYPA
participnlion in l h(' prl'p:Ht'dn ess prog r:1m, ins lruc-Lion s 11·ere iss t1l'd o n ,J un(' ii, I 0-'. 0. g i\·in g
pr io ri Ly sLn Lus lo work :1 L 73 lorn lion s in :31
staLe , Lh c D is t ri ct of Co lumhin, and H awaii.
At so m e o f l11 csl' !orations proj rcLs wer e already
in opernL i n . Al o lli ers, apprnn'd p rojceL
w r e to be s larlC'cl imnwdinl r ly nnd a ll were
to he cornp ll'll'd :1l llw ('n rl il's l pos. ib le dale .
W ork on t he priority J roj ecl s indud cs ca mp
and canlonml'nl den~lopmenl and co ns lru c lion
an d impro\'t'mrt1l of ai rpo r t;; in s lralcg ic :Hl'n s,
of h < u ing i'OI' milil,lr~- g arri son s, :rnd of facilities
at nny~· yard s nnd mililnry rt'sen·alion s.
Du ri ng .Ju n e , Pn·s idenlia l npprovn l wns g iven
to mnn y ot her app li ealion ' for pro j ect s of irnporLanc e f r Llw defe n se of lh e Un ite d Stales .
Illu s lrat,ivc o r th es e arc proj ec ts s pon so red by
aLiona l Ounrd units. s l,1l c mi lil:1 1y cil'parlmcnLs , and ot h er s late and loea l pub lie bodiL'S,
such as l l1 e projl'C'l s l1 1al were apprOY<'d for
th e con s t r uction of armories or :1 ddilio11 s lo
armories nt 1Yi ll i:1111 s hmg , Kl'nlueky ; E lizabet li lon , TcnnL'SSL'<'; and ,Jaekson\'i llc, F lorida.
\ VP A proj eel s s pon sm cd by th e Army or
Navy wer e nppl'O\'(•d d ur in g J un e and .Ju ly fo r
th e eon s tn1rlion o f motor ve h ie lc heel s. \\·a rrbou s<' ' , and lar geL hou ses at Fo r t S hL' ridan ,
llli noi s, a nd for lh c in s la llnlion of gasol in e
tanks and pumps nncl t he eon s lruetion of rifle
and pi s to l r:rnges and ol l1 1· r fa('i lilies al l\ I iJlcr
Fie ld :rnd Forl ,r ud S\\"O l'lh . l\('\\ York . Proj-

H)

ATION.\ L DEFE TSE

ee ls \\'C'r<' nlso ap J roved for llw impro vl'mcnt
'urtis B ay Ordnanc<'
of magnz ill<'S al lhr
D epot, loc-al<• d in Ann e Arundel County, .\l ar,rland , a nd for Llr<' rdrnhi litaLion of wnrchou st'
facilities al t h e S:111 Antonio Arsl' nal in Texas.
Predom in a n t among Lhe firsL a ll ocn,tion s f
new ly app ropr iaLed WPA fun ds for i VPA proj rc l s 01wr:1l cd hy ot her F ed l' rnl agencies wc1·e
those rn:1dl' lo Lilt' vVar and · avy D e p:irLmrnLs.
Proj eets approvLd immediate ly afll'r .July l .
10-Hl , for opl'raLion by the Burt·:rn of Y:ird s ,rnd
Do c ks of l lw Navy D cparlnwn L inc l 11dc' a
·1,000,000 joh fo r t he c n truclion and rC'hahili talion o f bui ldin g-;:; nnd irnprovt' nwnl of l lw Sl' a
wa ll and of th e hana ks at l\ Lan· Is l:rnd Nnv_v
Yard in C:1 lifornia. Also approved fo r opern tion by llw Nnvy was n $900 ,000 proj('rl in ' an
Dic•go t h rou gh w h ich rifl e r:rn ges 1\·ill be extended , bui ldin gs co ns tructed and n ' novalPd .
landin g fi(,lds improved , and rn ilroacl l r:1cks l:1icl
at Lh e .\ larin r Corps Base, l hc J\':1val Air
Slalion , l h(' s upply d epot, the trninin g s tation ,
and th e deslroyt·r base. For Lh c An ny. ,l
."750 ,000 proj ect \1':ls approved for con s tru ct ion
wo r k on rnnd s, bui ldin g , nncl uti lity sys ll'ms :1l
Fort K nox , K cnLurky. Constru ct ion work wi ll
a lso be un d ertakl n on projec ts approved for
opn:1t ion al Lowry Fidel near Dl'nve r, a kl',Y
s ite· in l he Natio n 's rni l il:l r_\· nir sy s tem. and al
Fort Si ll , Ok l:1 homa; Forl Brngg, Nort h Cnro li nn ; and Edgewood Arsenal nl'ar Bn llimorc· ,
l\far_v lancl.
1

1

WPA workers rebui lt the hangar and add ed admini slraliv e o ffic es and recreati o nal faci lit ies for th e Nati o nal G uard at th e
Littl e Rack (Arkan sas) muni cipal airport

20

REPORT o;,.; P HO W ~ESS OF T H E WP .\ PROG R AM

\YhilP as muc h project cmpl o)' nw n t as
possibk is ll<'ing d <' ,·olcd lo d d<• nse adiYiti t•s,
continuous <'fl'orl"- wi ll Ill' m:Hk lo pl ac1' project
workers in printl<' in du st ry :rnd s pl'c i:11 efforts
" ·ill he· 111 :1ek lo aid pro jt•cl wo rkt ·rs in f-inding
e111pl o_v nw n l in indu s tri l'S eo nn t·cl t•d wil h th e
d d1• ns(' progr:1 111 . R l'g istcrs a rc b<' in g c's ta bli s h1•d l h:il will fac ili l:1 1(' se ll'el io n of \\'PA
wo r kt' r" ll' ho poss!'SS ski ll s 01· a hili l il's t hat a rc
tLd ul fo r ddc nsl' indu sl ri <•s . .\ l :lll)' of tlwse
" ·orkl'rs :ll 't' a lrl'ad)· q u:1l if-i l' d an d :l rP :n- ai lablc
fo r imnw d iall' !' mpl oYllll' ll l in d l'f<· ns(' indu str ies.
O t hers w ho \\' OLild he qu ali fi!•d :1fll'l' brief retn1ining or r!'o ri cntatio n an• !w in g ass ig nl'd to
tlw n:1ti o n-wid c YOC:1l ion :1! tr:1 in ing pro ject
TABLE

3.

FA1 · 11 , 1T 1E>< Cox,;TRU<'TED oR
NAVAL A(a~N • · n ~,;

AND

b, P i l<l\"ED
FO il

appro,·cd ,July 1. 1940; , u ch \\·o rkrrs rcc1•1n'
\YPA monthly 11·:1 gl' ' durin g llH' pt•1·iod of llH•ir
assig nnw nt to l hl' tra inin g proj l'('l. Thi ::- proj <'Ct. s po nsorl' d b)' l11 t' .\ d ,· isor_v C'om 111 is. ion lo
th e Co un cil of .L\al ional Ddl' nS(' nnd cos po nso rt•d b? t he LTnited S lates Onie l' of 1;:<111 e:1 t ion,
was cer t ifi cd by t h!' Sccr r tary o f \\' nr :i s 1rnpor l ndl'1 · it \YPA
Urnl for dd!' nsc purposes.
empl oy<'l'S a nd o llH'J' " ·ork!'rs "·ill I><' trni1w d for
jo bs in str:1t cg ic indu s t ric•s. R<·g 1il:1r s t:1fl'
nwm bers of st:l ll' a nd loca l v<W:11 ion :1 I r d uc:1ti on :1 l a uth oriti es will lw ass ig n<' d :i s in stru c tors.
F o r m:111y of t he tr ai n ees. :1 ln•:1dy g rnund ed in
tlw fund:1m <• nt:d ski lls. tlw 11·o rk wi ll lw m
tb c nat ure o f " rdn•sh er " counws. Otht•rs

ox P RO J E{'T,-; OP1sR ., 1' ED BY

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Ti i~h wnys, roads, and s trl't'L S
Brid ;..?:cs, nndw·ts, a nd cul \'.-rts
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2]

THE WP.\ A:\'D XA' l' JO TA L DEFENSE

will H' C<' i,·c' tr:1inin g tlt:1t 1s
empl o~Tnwnt <' XP<'l'l <' ne,' .

upplcm c n Lal Lo

Work Accomp li shed on Pro jects
Re lated to National Defense
Althou gh ( he n 'sou r '('S of t h e WPA w c r<' not
sp eifi a ll y diree t d lo 11·,1rd s defen se purposrs
un t il th e sprin g o f 1940 , Lh c WPA ha d bee n
p erformin g m:1ny a 11ec ts of t hi s fun c tion during the en t ire p erio d of its exis tence . In CDl'l'yin g out th e objectiv es of th e ERA A c ts, th
WPA has help ed to m a intain th e m o ral and
h eal th of ov r 7 , 00 ,000 un e mployed worker

TABLE 3. -

an I t
prcsC'r vc o r increDse t he ir s kills hv
prov i lin g wo rk w hi ch utili zed t l1 C' ir n bili Li<'s.
Am o ng th 7, 00 ,000 individuals wli o wcr'
employed on prnj <'e ls at some Lim e in Lh l'
fi n, .Y<':1 rs encl i ng .f u 11<' :-rn , l 04O, an' ca rp e n t <'I\,
bric klay e rs, i11 C'('h:1nic·s, as phalt wo rke rs, c· m en L fi11i s hers , pow<·r sh ove l, c ran e, and ot h e r
m ac hine o pe rnt o rs, s lwel-metD I wo rkers, dcct r ie im1 s, plumlwrs, nnd work <•r s in m ,rny oL bcr
s kill ed occ upntion s . Al so includ ed arc w hi le
colla r , prnfl' s io1rnl , and S('r vicc wo r ker s with a
variety o f occ upnLionn l h:1c kgroun d .
omc
workers in sew in g roo ms lin Y<' acq uired cxperi n ee in makin g s urg i('al clrvss in g-s nncl b os piL:11
s uppli s and ot her s hn ,·c bee n trai n ed in lh<'

F AC ILI T I ~~s CossTROCTED OR hIP ROVE O ON P ROJECT S OPERATED BY \YPA FOR l ' sE OF MILIT A HY AND
N A V AL A GENC I ES ANO Fon D EVELOP~I ENT OF C r v 1L A1RP O HT::; ANO AIRWAY S- Conc l uded
C'ONT INENTAL UNITED STATES
CU M l'LAT I VE TIIR Ot:CT II JVNE 30, 19•10

Agency OwL11og or L: s iag Faci lities
LT □ it of llfcasurc m e □ t

I tem

Tota l

" 'a r

Departmen r

Fac1liues at a1 rpor 1s aa<l landing areas:

Landini! fi rl<l s:

I

Sew constru cuon
R econ s truct1on o r 1rnpron:.' rncnt. __ _______ _
Adclit 1 o □ s-

. ........................ . ..... .

Runways:

:.'\'"('W con struction

__________ ______ ____ _
Reco ns tru tion o r improvement_ __ ____ _____ _
Surfacin g_ _
------ - --------Airport huilfli ng-s: \

JXurnhc r
_
L.\rea in ac res
(i\-urnhl' r
t .Area in ac res
N umbe r
( Arca in ac n ·s
L engt h in feet
L e ngth in feel _
L eog lh in feet.. _

197
23. 4M
3 17
49. ,9:1

I

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I 209
fi, I :ll

________ _
H ccu ustrucLion or i111provemcnt_ __ __ _

.\drl it io ns
. ___ _
A dmin ist ral iH' and terrnioal build ings:
New c ns t ruction
B.r ons l ru r 11o n o r imp ro,·cmcnt ..
.\ddil ions

B an l,!:lrs
_
:N'cw con struction _
Ht:con s t ruction o r impron•awnt_ _____ __ _

Ar!<l i1ions
Other ai rport buildings:
::\1' ew construction
Reco ns truction o r imp rove m ent_ _
_
\ <id it ion s _
Seaplarn' ramps and landing platform s:
X rw co ns truction
R econs tr ucti o n o r 11 nprovemcnL _
Landi □ i areas fl ood lighted :
NC\Y CO OS! r1 1ctio n
Reco ns tructio n o r imp rovement_ _

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A 1rway fac ilities :

Airw ay ma rkers:
X ew con s truction
Hecoo s t ru ctio n o r impro vC'mc•ot. _
Airway beacons:
New con s truction _
Recon s tru c tion o r impro n , mraf

N umbe r
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2, 70

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ti7
14

22

REPORT ON" PROC:RES '

use of pow er equipment for lh e prndu c li n of
clothin g. Throug h c0 UJ" CS t,1ken on housekec•pin g aidl' and ndult edu cation pro jects,
workers han' become proficiPnl in firs l aid .
Thou sand s of certifi ed wo r ke rs h ave bee n employed in hos pitals, l uhlic iwlilulion s, and
cmwnlesce nL homes enring for pali e n ls unn hl e
to pn _y for nursing care a n d mnny mon' h nve
aclcd :1 - tcchn ieian s in la born tori cs, cl i nies, and
puhli (' lw:1lth clepartmen L. Skil ls s ue h as
thl'S<' :1 rl' of fundanwn tal vn 1uc for purposes of
nationnl prl'p:1rcd1ws .
Proj ec t :wcomplis linwnls arc more - per ific
evidences of the co ntributions t l1:1l l he W PA
ha s mad e to the defenses of l hc LTnitcd Slates.
P r ofL'ssiona.l and sc 1Ticc proj ec ts t h:1t :Hr of
di rcd val u<' includ e numc rnu s p rojccls for eng in cl' rin g s urYC)' S. th e draftin g and r eprodu ction of mnps of military irnporlanct' for ust' by
the Army , tb e indexing of mi litnry n'c ords,
and the product ion o f s urg ic:11 dress in gs and
ho pil ,1l s upplies.
Amon g <·0 11 s truetion proj<•ds opera led for d efen se agencies public huildin gs and airport
work Ii .we predorni1 1:1ted. By th<' <' IHI of .f11nc
1940 , about (i00 armories li :1d be en con st r11<'l L'd
or improved on prnj ec ts OJ)l'rn lcd h~- th e

F THE WPA PRO(lRAM

\\TP~\ , nra r h· 11 II of w h ic h wer e ponsorecl
hy t h r Nnlion:1' Gua r d . Th ro ug h oL hc r pro jeets opernlcd by l he W PA that wer e pon ored
hy t l1t· \ Var and Nav_v D e part m en t , t he NaLiona l Guar d , a nd th e Coas L G ua rd , abo u t
I , 00 · tornge b u ildings, 750 g arages, J 0 h o pita l :rnd infir m :11' ics, nnd ,3 00 oth e r b uild ing
in du d in g ba r racks, qu:1 rl er , m ess h nll , and
kite b rrn; w e re eo ns trnclcd. imprnved, or nlarged. Oth e r "\YPA con s truetion work cl n e
for t he -c ageneies is bown in T able :3.
. '1. n out - landin g C'ontribution of t he W PA
prog r::im lo national p reparrdnl' "S ha be en th
ex pan si o n and impron·mcnl of a ir po r t an d
airway f:1ci lilit•s . "\York a ·complish ed l h rou o-h
.l u ne :rn. 19-10, n ai rport a n d ni ,wa,v p ro jecL
oper a le d by l lw WPA is clis<· ussl'd in a, se par ate
scctionofl h is r c por l (p:1 g s 26 lo :~7) .•\ ddit iona l
\\'ork hn s bee n dmw on 1rPA proj ec ts operated
by tlw .'1..r my and Na v_v D epa r t men l for t h e
eo n s t rud ion or improYemen t of mi Ii lar_v and
11:wa l ,1.irporl . At t h e e nd of ;. larc h proj ec t
eith e r l1:1d been cornp lctecl or were in operat ion
at :?-le of lh e Army '- air talion- and 0ying
field s. For th e J a ,·~- 13 projects had be n
cornpkted :tnd 10 prnj (·cts \\' (' I'(' in 01w rat ion aL
t h.i t tinw .

Al Fort Si ll (Ok lahoma) military reserva ti on th ese quart e rs for noncom miss io ned o ffic e rs were built und er a W P A
protect o p er at e d by th e War D epartm e nl

T H E " · l'.\ .\'.\"I) '.\" .\ TfO'.\" \ I , D ls FKN:-iE

li'or l l)i x , lo<'ntl'd :1bout I :i 111 ilPs from Tn·n lo n , ~ (• 11· ,Jer,wy , i-- o,w of l l1 <· :irn1y n •st•1T:1lio11 s 011 whi (' h <'Xt<•11si\'<' wor k l1 ns b('(' ll do11<·
by til l' \Y PA und l'r l l1t• s ponso rshi p of t l11• \\' :1r
Dl' p:Htnw nl. 'f ll<' fii-s l prnj l'cl al F o rt Di x 11·,1 s
lar[('cl in D C'c·<·lllbl' r 19:37 , :rnd I G pro,i l'l'l s l1:1d
lwe n C'Om pld Pd by :\J :1y :{ I , 1fl -I 0. C':1 111 p-wid<·
impron•nH•nl s ,,.<'l'l' nrnd e i11cl11di11 g c·ons t r11c·l io11 o f rifle pit s :i nd ran gt•s , l:Hgd sets, :rnd g un
upporl s and g r:1di11 g and sod din g .
S(' H' ll proj<·c·t:-. Wl' rC in opl' r:1 t ion al Fort Di x
on .J une .5 , 19-!0. Over 500 1w rso11 s \Vl'l'l' <'lllplo.n ·d :1l that timl' , and it 11·:1 s :111ti1·ip:ill'd t l1 at
l' rnpl oynw nt would rPneh npprnxirnatl'ly 800 in
.J uly . Given pri or ity s latu ~ b_v a n o rd n of
J11 1w ,i. four of t lw projec ts w<·rc· <'X pedc d Lo be
co mpl eted hy l lH' first of ,\ ugu s l. TIH•sc• :1ct ivc
proj<·cls indud t· ,l wid <.> r:111gt• o f imprn v< 'll1 <' 11ls
whi l' h will innc•:1sc lhl' ad('qli:H·y o f t bis s tratco·in1llv loc:lll'd ITS('!'\', tion . lhl'l':lC'ks with
c:1~:1('i l)' fo r 800 nw n ha vt• bc'('ll rc•co ns trud<•d.
Two nl' w dinin g h:11ls are bein g built nnd 13
h avp b\'en irnprcw l'd . Co n('rd e fl oo rs fo r ,.l(•nt s for en li s ted m en nn• in process of reC"onsll'IIC'li on . Bot l1 th e co mbat a11d :H• ri al g unne ry ran ge· :11' ' a lso bein g rN·o1Hli tionC'd . A
mi li t:11_v l:rnd in g- an•a is bein g- g rad C"d , lrnC"kfilled , ee cl ed , ,rnd sodded. U:111µ:,ll' a prons with
low type s ur l':i<"ing are to IH· cons tructed.
::\Ta1To11·-gaugl' r.1 ilro:1d tra<"ks arc 1,eing ('Xtended 5,000 feel l connc•c· t with t l1 l' :111ti:1ircn1 fl target r:1ngl'. T opog rn phi C' and bo 1111d:1r_,·
urv C'ys nn· being m:1d e pn·lim inar_v to till' dr:1,,·_
in g of detailed m,1ps f t ll(' bounda rit• ' , l'O:l ds,
and land co nt o ur of th e rt•sc· n ·alion . .\. 70ac rC' pnrnd c g rnu nd is being g rnded a nd drain ed.
Th es(• s pt•c ifi e i lt' ms :i n ' ind ie:1 ti\'(' of t hC' l_v pes
of work bein g dorn · but nn · f:1r fro111 :lll ('Xba us tin- Ii t of the tota l ac ·o m pli s lrn 1e nts nt
Fo rt Dix .
S('H n ot hC'r proj ects at L<'o rt Di x had IH'ell
approYccl buL n L yd plac(•d in o pcrnl ion as of
::\lay 3 1, 1940. Th e c projeets ineludl' the
dra in age of tb C' training area , elim i11:1tion of
h aza rclou. open dil h 'S, n·c·o1H lilioning ,llld n·urf:1 cin g of addi1i o11 al tent fl oo r' , p11in t in g of
mao·,1zin cs a nd ban,1d::s, co n trn c ti o n o f g r:t 1·<· l
foundati o n for 111 ac :1d a m road s, cons l ru C'lion of
m:1 caclam Ooo rs for moto r s li l'd s, and further
im1 r ,-(• nwnl of the rifl P rnngl' .
Sirnilnr work hi1 s lwen don l' 011 ot l1<· r n•s<•1T1l -

The WPA . budl runway s see n from lh is c o ntrol to we r al lh e
Ha rri sb ur g air port were pave d wi th different k ind s of
surfa c in g mat e rial s l o l est th e i r re lat ive du rabilily

tion s t hroughout tlH· C"ou ntry . .\ nwn g l li es<· is
Cn rnp Ord , loe:1ted 011 th e P:1c ifi e <·o:is t, rnu g ltl y
5 mi les sout h o f S,rn Fran cisco 011 t lH· :\Ion tc•r('Y
Pl' nin s ula . TIH' War D L'partnw nt h.1 s spo11 son •d \YPA proj L•cl s for the de\'e lopnwnl of t his
17 ,000-ancresl'rvntion as :1n impor ta 11t mi lilnry
lrai 11ino· "TOU 11<l
i) uring t he !:1s t t 11·0 n•:1r"
sponso~',..,fund s . totalin g · more t han a, m illio11
doll ars h ave bc•cn ex pend ed on this sit e. Ti ll'
wo rk in clud ed t he clenrin g of i lt ous,rnd s of
n t'('S of l>ru lt -cove rl'd lt• r;.ai11 fo r m:lnL'll\' <•r
gr ou nd nnd t he co ns truction of m:111~' mill's of
road s.
0

Camp O rd (California) , an i mp orlant W esl coas t tra1n1n g
grou nd , i s bein g equippe d wi lh new 50 - to 500 : yord
rifl e range s (on e show n a bove) , 1 Q. to '26 -torge t pistol
ranges , and ma ch ine gu n and art i ll e ry range s

:2--!

REPORT O . PHOGHESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM

qunrt t• rs nre lw in g pnint cl nncl ot h e rwi se' renoYntcd . Th e foundntion s and th e elert ri rt1 l and
p lumbing fixt ures of fjy m ess ha ll s a re being
impr , ·ed. and ot h er \1·ork on four , t:1hlrs \1· itl1
nn ar(':l of 4, 800 square' frrt ea ch is unde r \1·ay .
Gun ran ges for rin cs, pis tols, an d marhin r

.\ proj rrt at C'arnp Ord th:1t wn. s tnrtrd in
.\ pril I !)40 empl o)·ed l ,000 m en m .Jun e nncl
\1·ill probably h e comple t ed hy t he end of the
ye:1r . U ncl rr thi s pr jrct, a 1,:36 1-n.erC' nrnn r u1·r r n.rra i, being reeondition r d nnd s(•condnr)7
dirt roncl s n r e bein g g rnd eel . T\1·cly e offic ers'

T ABLE 4 . - A ,i ou ' T OF \VPA AN D RPONRO R R' F rN D;s EXPENDED ON iVP A A 1nroRT Pn o.1EC'Ts AN D ON OTHEH \TPA
PHO.I EC'TS RPON/SORED OR OPERATED RY M1 L I TAR Y .>:\'D XAV>L . \ r.E:\'C' I Es, RY RT 1TE A:\' D BY Spo :-,1so n1x r. A r.Exr yA
Ct' .\ll"L.\Tl\"E TIIROl'liH

lt'SF '.ill, )040

[I n th ousa nd s o'. dolla rs]

~tnt e

Tot al

\\" a r
Depart mml

Depar tment
of tbr Ka,· ,

S. C'nast
I l' . Gua
rd

la I. 1:J l

H. 59 1

1,201

Total
Alabama
Ar izona
.\ rka nsas
f'ali forn ia
<'oloraclo
f'onnectirut _ _____________________ _
Delaw:ue _
Di slrirt of Columhia
________ _
Florida _
Oeor:z ia

___________________________ _

Id a ho .....•••.. . . .. .•.............
Ill inois ...... . ..... . ...... .
fn <liaoa ________________ _ _

ro"~a ___________________ _

K ansas ......... . .....•.....
K entucky ...... .. ....... .
Louisiana ___ __
Maine . . . . . ... .
lllaryland .... .
~ l nssach usett s

:\ 20,'l

1. R,1 1

1. ~i-1

1,1
.')~

:l\l.:!li',
<i. :J:JO

Hi, 4-li

4. 158

h~i

901
5. 1.12
~. !?Ml

90
:i. 34f>
I. 299

4. 4R.S

2. 341

New :ri. re,ico ____ _

i'\ e\\ York
Xorth f' nrolina
:-s' orl h Dakota
Oh io
Oklnhoma .

Ore~on
Pennsyl vania

Hhorle lslnn<l
South r arolina
f<outh Dakota
T ennessee
Texas
llt ah
\ '"erm ont
\"irl!inia

,,·nshin ~t on ___ ____ _
\\'es t Y irzinia
\\"isconsin

W yom,n ~

__
Hawai i
Puert o Ri co

\ ~irl!in l ~lnnd s

ndi s tnhut ecl hy s ta te ______ ___________ _

fi,

l . lll2
21. 12i
i , i-15
2, ~fi2
4. 91 5

9, 276

41

437
4
I. fi92

11 3

2. 357

103

i~3

271
:1~.~

11,"li
;)72

12. , !li

1, 97,-,

5

3. gr,;

i5,

171
-t , 1!11

2fi

2. 3ifl

,11:1

2. (ij"',
I. (i(i3

52

1\1

I. .14\

:J96
3. 2fi6

'4 1

' · 32,

3. ~;o

:J. 993
2. Si 5
,1 ..'l-t5
?2. 29

650

78

.'i~2

:t -ti!!

2i
1. l 2

11 , :,ri.1.i

.1. 4f>3

58\
i,0
1. ,1).

1. 319

32

1. 310
391

953

J"',0
1. (lfi2
I . 207

']!)t,

11 1194
,;_ 770

2, ,')21
I, 702

:J. ,,,1
1:i,
2. 120
.1:ir.

:1. 619
423

(5
7,9 22

r.os

210
lll!I

r,. l"'i3
1. :J42
231

:l. 0.'>2
2m
I . 132
15. 7.14

23!i
I. I \9
1!1 1
fi,9HI

1:,11

1

1, 27!1
.'i~'l

7ml
3. 1rn1
9

1. .-i1 .-1

·m.012

:ill'.!
.1, 21 .r,

4. M2

3. o:t!

I. ~'2

171

499

..... f, ]j
1. t'i~~

1.401

2. ;91,,,

t,, 231

."l. l 12
9. 1111
f>. 20!i
1.0.Jfi
.I. 979

13. f,23
2. i 2
'.l, P3 i
1., 113

f,)3 1

:1,
3, li l
48 .•..

3. 1;:ll

I

167 1
49

I. 003

tl"°I,

1. 40i

1. 2.1 1

2, 0111

i . .'l47
2, fi02

4. 495

9, ~fi6
2. 5-13
7. 029
I . i .'ll

'<e,·od n
New n nmpshire

'1, ()t)f-i

31

9, 4i2

Ne,v Jerc..ey ___ _

.\0. 1.52

111n

~ l i<'hi ~an

tehra ska

G u ar d

\I-I A

:\finnesot a
:\ t ississi ppi
__
:\Jissouri
~ fontana __ _

Oth,•r
A~rnries ( for
airpC1rts and
airways only )

National

2.r,1 1

Jl.,,f)

:J. (¥.I;
I, 77/i

2.

n;o
'13,')

\ , ~ff!
2111
:,,,~2
,' ),f,l j \

~93

.=m, ""'4

I. 999

100
7, "fi l
R99

3. 411.,
Ii, 2 10
1,1:1

l , 3tlt1

:i.nn

fitl i

~(i.1.,,

a.m;
I i,

li2-t

4, l !lfl

12
:J,9
103

I. , 1:1

30

-1 . 13i
; r. 1
1, 11-lf'i

1.5:J:,
2-t ,
9H1

1. 079

::::::/ 9~YJ-:

2. 1,,

605

:J. 088

>-3

123

:JO:!

:!. !~II

127
21 :1

2, .1~2
2. -t 0.'1

12.1

:J:J.,

••••• •. .•• ••

_48r.

I. 407 ----

\ 1.imi ted tn prnji'('t s , p onsorerl or o pt:>r:1_t t•d h y th e \Ynr and ~a~:r I >t> part mt~nb. 1he C' mt~I Ou nrd , and the Na11onal Owud , 1nrl nll :urpor t and
w a y projPf't'- spnnsorN l h y ~t nt e nnd Jorn ! c·1\" ll n~<>n r 1es.

air-

THE W PA AKD NATIO,'\ .·\ L DEFEN8E

g un s arr bein g clcnlopcd a,t Camp Ord . A
bombproof s he lter ha;-; been comp ll'l ('d and nn
arnpk waLcr upply a s ured throu g h t li l' co ns t.rnction of sto rag<: ta nks and w<:lls and t h e
in s ln ll a Lion o f pumps.
T oLal c~1J cnditurcs on all 1VPA proj ec ts
s ponsor c l or oper ated b)r the \\',II' ai1d £\ny_,·
D epar tm •nts, th e Con t G 11 a rd , nnd th t' Kational Guard, nnd on the ai rport nnd ainrn~proj cct
pon orecl h_v tat<' ,111d lu ca l ag-<·nci, ,s
amoun ted
to
approxirn,1t d y
$,l:32 ,:?7:?.000
through ,June Hl40 . Aho11t $:3. :?,--191,000 of
the total was suppli <:d from \\'PA appropriation s. Exp enditures for c ivil a irports and air" ·ay spon so red Ii~· munici1rnli1i es, s tnh•s, ·ou11tic , and oth er poli tic-11 1 suhdiYisi011 s fll1l()l111t<·d
to ,'' l 2 ,107,000 . Project s for the• \\' ar D1 ·p a rtmenL 11cco1 llltcd for $ 15--! ,J:3 1,000 , ll<'nrly

25

on<•-t hird of t lw to t,il . St;1t<' di s trih1t1 io11 -; of
thc•s" c•x 1)l'11ditu res ,md of llw 11mm111 t · <·xpc ·1Hkd 011 \\'PA p roject s opcrn t ed for or h_v
tlt1 • Dc•pflrtnwnt o f th, · Navy or the Con s t
Gu:m l :m d fo r t ltt' Kationid Clua rd a n' presented
in T:lhll' 4.

At t lH' dosc· of LlH' fi sca l _v1•a r 1 D..JO , t h l' \YPA
w,1 s thu s p<: donnin g- a s ignifi ca 11 t rn ll' in 11.1tional ddt' 11 :=: c· . Prdcrcn cc was a ln•:1d y hC'ing
g i1·pn to prnjl'ci s in s trnlcg ic :1 reas a nd ll (' \\.
ddl'n sc projl'ct \\·e re rapidly b ei ng approYc•d
and pbced in operation. A d e f111itl' pro!!: r,1 111
hnd been u11derti1ken " ·hi ch will m <·u s 11rnl,l:·
Ll'l'll g tht•n thl' phys icnl defen ses of t li <' eo1 11tlry
:1 nd " ·ill dcn·lop t rn i1wd nw npo,n•r [nr <'lllfl ln)·ll1l'll ti n key cl cfon st.: indus lrics.

WP A AIRPORT AND AIRWAY WORK
A n,·.,::--rc ·i,;:-; in t he aviation indu s try durin~ l'l'1·t•nl ye,ws li an' lrro ug ht fn s tcr ,rn d l1 e:n- 1c'r
airpl :nws into use nnd ha v(' 1•x lcndl'd ln ' nwn dou :-- l)· t h<' scOJ)<' of a ir t r:rn s portation . E :=;sc• ntial
lo t hi s dc,·elopmcnl has IH'l'll :1 par,illd 1•xpansion of grnu nd facilities , pnrti('ulnrly of longe r
runways :tnd l)' JWS ol' s 11 rl':1cing- lh:1 l w01ild he
ad cq u:1l<' lo " ·it hs lnnd t lH· s hock of landin g a nd
t lw s lnlic lo:1d of l1 e:1 v~· 1•quipnwnl. T he JW<'d
fo r housing fo r pl:11ws; m:1inlt' 1HJ.m•e. repair ,
an d le rrninnl f:1 cililie · ; :1d 111i11is lr:1liYe o fl'ices;
lig- hli ng :111d r:1dio f:wilitie ' ; ,111 d ai1way marking ha s :il:=;o g rown. vV PA proj eet ll'O rk has
hec·n :rn irnport:rn l nwdium t hrou gh ll'hic-h
gro und f:1ciliti1 ·s h:1ve kept p: 11·1· with llw s11·ifl
dcn' lop,rn·nl of J-lying 1•qui pnwnt.
\\'PA nirporl wo rk h:ts i>eL' Il parli c- ulnrl)· i111 porln 11 l :1 long sc hvdu led com nw1-ci:d ai r rnul< •s.
'IYln'n :rn 11 ir-lin e-sl op :1irpo rl ha s been fou nd
in:ldl'q u:1 t <' for l l1 1• nrndc·rn l rn 11s porl pin ncs
\\·hic l1 1·:1 11 !:ind wit h s:1ft'l.Y o nl_Y 011 long pan'd
ru 11ways. t lH• ,YPA in ('OO JWr:ttio 11 11·il11 lo(':t l

M

spo1l s.o rin ~ a~L·nc iPs. h :.1s n1cl(I(•

t lH'

i1nproY<'-

rn P11ls nt·<·ess:n_v lo i)ring l lw g round facilities up
to lhr sl:rn d:1 rd of tlw air <'<[Uiprnent. Th e
cxl<· nl lo whi ch \\'PA uirpo rl " ·o rk h:1s lwe n
n· l:1tPd to tli e requ irc• rn c•nts of sc- hcd11l1·d 11i r
t rnn spo rtali on is gn uged by LIH· fad th aL mort'
tl1:111 90 pt'r1·1'11t of the 191 11irpo rls th nt wt· rt•
air-lint• o-to ps on :-l a r('l1 :) ] , l 9-l-O, had lwe n
improYcd or co nsl ru clrd l hro11gh \YPA proj (•c·t
:1divitit•s. .\.111 0111,; th em we r<' majo r air t('l'min:tls sue li ,1s those in NPw York, C'lt•1·t•ln11d,
l' hi('ago, and San F'ranl'isco, as well :1 ,- millly
nliH·r imporlnnl slo ps ,1 long the principal airWfl)' S Ill t l1 e l ' nited States.
2H

,rP.\ ni1 ·port wnrk has t• nnbled mn1J _y com muniti l's lo rl'lnin air mnil. pn ssengrr. and
ex press SL' IT ices whi ch t bey ot herwi se wou ld
h,1H lost. Projc•d ac-t i,·it i<'S a lso h:1vc brought
llwse :1d1·:111lages for t lie firs t time to other
munic·ipaliti1•s l hrnug h co ns truction of n ew
,1irports or L'X t<' nsivt• improvements to th ose
t h:1t ,n·re formPrly i11:1deq ual e for uc h sen ·ices.
Since th e l1eginni ng of \YYA. nirpnr t wo rk in
H):35 morL' l ha 11 f-i ye tho usand m ik s of n ew a ir
ro11l es or exte nsio ns have b •c·n levelop cl.
These incl ude l he llL' 11· rou le from Huron,
.~ outh Daknla, lo Clwyernw , \Yvo min g, by way
of Pi erre, Spen rf-is h, a nd Rapid C ity , So uth
Onkota. This routr not only o pen ed up n c\\c·omnwrcial poss ihilili <'S in :111 arpa wh er e th er e
is n o through rail trnn s port:1lion , hut also
prn,·ided e:1s iL• 1· nc crss tha n had previou sly been
:11-n il,1hi e to th , recr eatio nal opportunities of
t he Bln ck Hills.
Sw ift t r:111 s porta tio n to all parts of th e
c·ounlr_v is in itself ont· of th e f-irs l r qu isites of
:1d eq11:1l e nationn l d<, fl' nse . 'IYP,\. ni rport work
not o nl>- hn s co ntribut ed g re :1t l)' l0 t hi s end , but
,1 lso h,1s bee n coo rdinat rd wi t h nati o nal defense
plan s in a more ' pc·c ifi c se nse of the word. A
r<'port h)- l l1<· C hi 1, f of t he Air Co rps , s ubmitl cl
in Nnn• mhc•r 19:37 to the Confl'rcn ce on Nat inn11l Prog ram of Airpo rt Planning,1 in dicated
l iH' import,rn c·<' to tlw na t ional defense of th ree
c:1legnrics of \YP.\ ai rpo rt work : the impr ve mcnl of Ai1 C1> rps fl y in g fide! ; t.11<• es tahli shll1 L'I1l of f:wilitiL•s t hat wou ld accommodate Jnrg<'
1 ~[njor Oent.•r::il Oscar \Vesto,·C' r, " A irport Planning." . l rmy and ,Yat 1y
R eoi,~ter, \\·ashingt on . n f' .: .\rmy and :--=avy P ub1ishing Company.
De1.·cmb~•r 1,. JI.Hi, \ ·nl .'1~. No. :mzs, p. 2.

CHART

2

AIRPORTS CONSTRUCT ED OR IMPROVED BY WPA
~

-

'Through June 30, 1 940

•
IL _ _

-- ---(.
l

~

•

-V :

~

)(

•

Ai rport constructed
Regu lar ly

sc hedul ed

or improved

by WPA .

commercial a ir route.s

in op~ratio n 1n June

l 940, as s hown In

•The Off icia l Aviatio n Gulde".

WPA 3567
,::_ ,'\· A

~

2

REPORT OK PROGRES::3 OF T H E \\'PA PROGRAM

co11c·e11 tr:1 lions o f ni rc·n1 fl in n rcns of poss ihll' 111 ili l;1 ry significa n c·l'; and t h e prnYi ' ion of ni r pol'L
fn c·ilili cs rn' ccssar,v for tlw mo,·(•rn c n l of aircraft
lwt,,-ec•n such arefis .
In ;; u1Tl')· in g t hl' ~:1 l io11 's airport fo c ililies
of ,111 c·:lll'go ri l's the .\.ir Corps ndopled cc' r lain
minimum a nd ma x imum , landards. Dt•,·dopmcnl s in mil itary nirn:1fl. which h a,·e in c reased n•q uire nwnl s in res pC'c t to ground
fo<"ilili<•s :1t lvnst ns muc h as hnve t he impro,·<·nH'nts in <"iY il ,1ir<"r:1l'l. ,,.l'n ' a lrnsiC' co11sidc r:1t in11 in ckter min i ng t IH'SC' s ln nd;l rd . .\. not !1<"r
factor con s idnecl wns the ac h ·,rnce mad<" in
eq uipm en t ,iva ilrrble fo r a ll -,,·c•,1th er fl_vi 11 g,d1ic li aLo makes m•11· d<•m:rnd s 011 ground
faci liti es . On !~· about 100 11i r po r ls were fou n d
al llw time of lh r s u1-Yl'Y to mC"a s ure u p to l lw
minimum rl'qu ire nwnts nll houg h Sl' H' ral ti nlC':-tbat numhn wer e co ns id er ed to be ne · •ss:1 r_,.
for . \.ir Co r ps concrnlrnlio ns. T h r progress of
W P A airport wo r k s in ce 19:37 h as s ubs Lanlia ll_Y
inc rea ed thr numl>C'r of ai r po rts s uilahlr for
concentration of mi litnr.v aircrnfl. N<' ' ' <"rt lwless, tlw fad th nl on l_v two o f t h ' Sl'Yen geog rnp hicnl areas into whi c h llw Air Cor ps
di,·idcd t he country hacl as many airport s :1:-W(' r at that tim e' c·onsickrC'd nd eqnat<• for
defe nse purposes, co mhi1Wd wit h th e fad t h nt
these requirem ents ,,·ill pro lrnb l_y be raised in
tlw light of r ece nt eY<'nls. indiC'ales t he SC'O J}l'
of thl' wo rk th at renrnin , to he done in fml h l'ring t he plnn s for n ational rldPnse . Th r \\T .\.
in coopt•ra ti o n wiLli sla te nnd loC'nl agenc-ic•s.
a well as with the Army and Nav:', is con tin11 ing ,rnd expanding its work to tra n slaLe t hese
p lnn
into :1i r port s ndequale to en ' l' t lte
::--ration's n eed with res pect to mi litary ns we ll
a ciYi] a YiaLion .

Project Procedures

Respon s ihilil)' fo r i\' PA airport and :1inn1:·
work is sh nr l'd a mo ng the Civil AeronautiC's
.\.u t hori ly / th e spon so rin g ngeneies, and t lw
\YPA . The rolr of th C' C AA is di ctated in ,Jnrl
al le:1 s t h~· th<' proYisions of llw CAA .\.ct of
19:39 whi <" h require t hn l n o Ft•dl'l'nl fund s m:1 _,I)(' s pl'nl 011 the devl'lopnwnl or improYe m <• nt
· Efft•<· t iY" July I , H.1-tO , tlw C i\'i l APron:mt ics .\uth orit ~· and its fu nc\ \ t' rt · t ra n sf,. rr., d to t h P l)1 •p:irt m 1 n t of C'o rn11w r CC' hy R1' nr 2a ni1a-

tio n ,:,;

tion Plnn Xo 1,·

1

of any ciYi l landin g nrrn except on t he wri tten
<"e rlification of th e CAA lh nl t he pro pose d
foci l ities ar e re:1 o n nli ly nec ess,t ry for use in a ir
co mm er ce or in th e in t er ests of nationa l Iden e.
. \.ll airpo r t p rojcC'Ls, l berefo rl', m u l br ce rtified
by th e C.L\. :is nwelin ,; t h e e requ irem en t
bef< n ' t!t cY can be operated by th l' \rP.A .
Detai led prnj ec t infor m ation is ubm it t ed to
t lw C.L\. by tli t: \YPA fo r ce r tification purposes.
ll mu s t sh o11· t he road s , power a n d t leph one
lines , ,111<l all nrticnl s tructur es ,,·it h in pcc ifi cl
cli.:;ttrnces of t l1 e ai rpo r t ns well as e:-. i tin g
fnc il itil'S nncl p rop osed de ,·el opmc n Ls. D eta iled
p lan s a nd ' pec ifi catio ns m u t supp ort th e
proposals for nil prnject irn·olving grad in g,
lrainage , s ur fnc ing, an d ligh t in g. In a ddi t ion
t0 it s ce l'lifi cation fun ct ion s th e CAA th ro ugh
its o,,·n regional officers furnish es nch ·ice, co ns ultatio n . a n d gene ral t e ·hni c:il s upe n ·is ion o f
th l' nl' ro na u lica l pliascs o f t h e d esig ning a nd
pla nn in g of eac h ai r por t proj ect to be ca rried
out under t h e W PA.
. ., ponsor s of air pmt and ,1,i n n1,y pr oj ects h ave
ext ens in re pon ib ili t ies in th r ini ti:1 t ion and
pla nn ing of proj ec t s. They m us t proY ide th e
n<·ce;;sar_v land and mu s l opem t e an d mainta in
t li e comp let ed av iation fac ili ties in th e int er e t
of t h e publ ic wit h o ut ,,.ranting exclusin righ t
for th eir u e to any pr iYate ind iYiclu a l or cor porn lion . Proj ec t spon sor s m ust s up ply d etailed p ln,n s. specific a l ion s, a n I cs Lim ate for
t he' wo r k proposed nnd ar e a lso res po ns ible fo r
t he l<'clmica l s up erYi sio n of t h e co nstr uct io n .
S pecial p rovision wi t h res pect to owner hip is
mad e l'or t h e oper at ion of pro j ec ts relating to
air n.n-igation faci lities on proper Ly leased by
t he CAA.
uch pro j ects includ e work on
inter m cd iatl' field s. rndio-cli.rcct ion-fincling cleYices, ins trumen t a pproac h sy s t em s , a n l s im ilar
faciliti es and m a_,T be ponsor ecl b )· t he CA.A or
by late 01· loca l governmenLal age nc ies w ith
A.\. aut hor izal i n .
\YP.-\ responsibi lity for airport and a irway
prnjl'cts involves engineer ing re,·iew prior to
thl' initi,1tion of work ns wdl a , t h e assigmn nt
o f work('rs nnd t he actual operat ion of th project. T h e \YPA is r espon sible fo r pro ject
:iclminis lmtion , wor k procedu r e . a nd th e ut ili z:1tion of labo r and equ ip m en t.
Plans for the oordinat ion of W PA a irpor t
and ninrnywork\\·it h n'ltiona l dcfe n e m as urc

WPA .\lHPORT .\:\"I) .\IHW A Y "\Y ORK

20

Seap lan e landin g
facilitie:. , runway s,

an admini s tration building , ond
a han gar hav e
bee n co n s tru c t e d
by WP A wo rkers
at Tampa , Fl o rida

im·oh·e closer r elation s "·i th the govcrmncntal
agencies most concerned in airport work hul
rcq uirc no intportant d eparture from t he esLa bli sli ed prnccdures. R eccnL s laLutory prnvi sions
r ela ting to proj ects ccrL ifi ccl by th e Army and
Navy as important for military or naval purposes, have , however , r equisccl th e d ev elopment
of methods to fac ilitate th eir a ppli ca ti on .
These provisions, as explained else wher e in thi s
r eport (pages 1.5 and 16), permi t t he libera li zation of requ irements cone rning nonlabor co ts,
pon or ' contributions, and the amou n t of
li' ederal exp enditlll'es on building proj ec ts. as
1q•ll a hours of work and monthly earnin gs.

Examples of WPA Ai rport Work
The bunclrecls of airpor ts bu il t or impro1·ed
in th e past fiv e years t hrnug h WPA proj ect
work includ e ground fac ilities for t he usc of all
type of plan es, from la.r,;c military a nd air
tran sport equipment to tiny pleas ure crnft .
Th ey range in size from the hu ge intern ational
nir te rmin al in New York City , through mo, t of
t he major stops on the Nat ion 's airways, t
snrnll field s like tho e at H)' annis, M ass,1cliu ' ett ; .Aberd een, Missis ippi ; a nd Panguitch
(Br)·ce Ca nyon ), UtaJL To illus trate t he
vari ety of faciliti e cons tructed at airports b)·
the un employed workers on " TPA payrolls. a
few of these itirpor ts are desc rib ed brieA)· 111
th e fnllowin g paragraphs.

An out tanding exa mple of v\TPA airport
work is th e municipa l airport (La Guardia
Field ) built on New York 's Eas t River betwee11
Flushin g an l Bowery B ays in coo peration witlt
the City of New York . From this 560-acre
airpor t with its exte nsive fa cili ties fo r both
lanclplanes and seapla nes, air tn1.velers take off
to Europe and B ermu da a well as to poin ts
all over th e Un ited tates , in cluding those proYiclin g connecting er v1ce to outh America.
the ·w est Indies, and th e Far East. Four
ma cadam-paved runw ays, the longes t 6.000
fe et in length in the direction o f th e mos t
frequ ently prevailing wind (nortltw est-so utheas t ), offer safe land in g to th e larges t la ndplanes. T axiways co nnect the runways witlt
:Ul aprnn la rge enough to permit t he loa ling or
unloading of as m a ny as 15 trn ns porL planes aL
the same time.
Separate term inals for transocean ic sea plu nes
and tran scontin ec 1ta l la.ndplan es lt aYe been proYid ed , each with it ow n adm inis tration and
lwn gar buildings, and c nn ected by a taxiway
fo r plan es and I y an in terio r rond way p:1rallel to
Grand Central Parkway, one of the rnnin
approach es to tl1 e ai rport from :\l an l1 at tan .
Th e landplane adminis trat ion bui lding has :l e
its center a 90-foot rot und a surround ed b:v
ticket offices a nd va rious p:,sse nger facilities.
,\. bove it is a circular loun ge a nd terrnce
re. taurnnt. In the win gs a re ba ggage, express ,
and pos t office room s. as well as offic es ,rnd

A GUARDIA
FIELD
~w Y c rl<'s Muni cipal

Airport

A full vi ew o f th e fie ld moy
be hod fr o m th e pro menade
o n t op a f th e enclosed circu la r l oa d ing plotfo rm ( top) .
Th e londplon e adm i nistrati o n building (left) is surmou nt ed by a copper and
stee l control tower ( in se t)
In th e marin e terminal
building (above) all fa ci litie s o f a port of entry are
p ravr d ed for air passengers
fro m Europe and Bermuda.
Thr ee of th e field's mammo th han gars and part o f
,ts parking area s are shown
be l ow .

WPA .\IHPOH'J .\.'\D AIHW.\Y WORK

e srnt ial fnri li tirs for the large a irport . t:1ff.
T il t' bui lding is surmounted by :1 [o\1·cr housing
t h r most po\1 l'rful rotatin g hc,1ro11 in th e
the
rounlr~· l:3 ,.5 00 ,000 c:1ndlcpo11 er :111d
l:ilt'Sl type of wind n'lol"ily .111d direction
Tl1rrc huge l.rndplane krnµ::1r
incli C':1to rs.
i!:lllk t h admi11i s tr:1tion buildin g on e:1rl1 s ide
nnd arc joined lo it by a J Ji00-foot nrc of
coYcrcd con rrLc pl:1tform s. Tlir hnn gn r door
gin a cl ar s p:H·c of tffer l(i:3 fcl' t on rithrr s ide
of the center pill,n , :tclmitting the largrs l lr:111 ' port s now in use.
The mn rin(' l!'rmina I, oc<·u pyi ng l h<· <·xl r<•m c
\\"l'Slern sec tion of the :tirporl, is ad:1ptt-d lo
the need s of lr:111 ' on•:rnic S(':1pl:111l's. lt ::- uclminis lr:1tion buildin g contains all tl1l' fal"ilities of a
port of e n try , including <.:uslo m s office ' , immigrntion in s pedors' nncl detention room ' , :111cl
qu:ll'lers for the public h ealt h ervi<.:e. The
c,1p l:111 r han ga r , with it roof ' Upportt' d by nn
unu s ual sy [(•m of lru t'. r:1di:1ti11g from a
s ingle pillar lo c limin att• th e nct' d for :1ny
inl<"rior s upport , has fin· s id('s; two of t h em
pnwidc door openings :204 feet widt•. A
pa . sengcr lnnding float, a r:1mp up which Sl':1p ln rH' ' are haukd from t h e wall'r on s larnlard
g:rnge rnilro:1d trnc:k . :111d ot h er e senlial
fnei lilics were co n lrnctcd :i s p:1rl of ll1t' projecL
ope ra lions .
Ot h rr work ·ornplctrd Ii~· \\' P.\ wnrkl'rs ,lt
La nuardia Field ha included <•xtcnsin· li g h ting ~ys[(' m , Pq uipm cnl for ni g ht and in s lrumrnl lnnding, l"Onstrnction of n1rious m:1intoragr lnrilding , and other
tenance :rnd
facilitie requin•d for modl'J'll :1ir transport
opt•rntion . Development of lhl' nirport site
wn a Lrernen dou u11derl:1ki11 g in il s <" lf, s int·r
0 \'l' r 60 per<·<•nl of the ,1i r po r l :1 re:1 is m:1de
land. Cindt•r , as h , and rdu sl' lo fill 0\' t'r :~,50
ac·rl' \\'Pl'l' brou g ht hy hundreds of lruC'k, o,·<•r
a lrmpor:1 r_y lre tie from the Hikers l s l:rnd
dump nno s tlw c h nnnrl. Tl1ou s:rnd s of fppt
of drninngC' dilC'h and piJ c· as Wl'II n s imil:irl)r
g reat ll'n g th of l'\\·cr , nd wn ll'r mn ins :1 nd
undC'rground ekdri(' e:1 hk had to he• insl:llll'd,
:1ncl ollwr rC'l:1l<'d work clone on a lnrgl' s<·n ll' .
In lhr prin g- of 1939 morl' l hnn 20,000
" ·o rk r rs were rmp loyecl :1l t he nirpo rl. By
:\ I :ll'('h l 940 , how t'\.<'r, mos t of t he m:1jor <·onl ru<'l ion work had ht'C'll <·om plrl cd :rnd l h e
number \1·o rki11g had lwl'n rPdtwl'd lo :1ho11l

31

3,000 pt' r"on s. Th ey ,\·er e en gaged ch ie fly in
finishin g on of lh l' lnndplnnC' han g:1rs and
' c n·r:1 I m:1i n le11:111t·t• buildings. iYork 011 :111
administration li11ildi11 g for t l1 e C.\ .\ ,111d :1
s rn:1ll t•r hnn gn r for it i11l'r:lnt priv:1lt• pl:u H•;; \\·as
ju s t gl'l tin g und<•r \\':l,V durin g the last qu ,u· t •1· of
th l' fis<.: :il yc:1r.
::\11ohorni . h County .\ irporl , built on a rid ge
ne:1r E,· crett, \\':i shington, is another of lhl'
iYP.\. 's major :1irporl job . Ahon' tlie altitudr of mo 't Pacific coast fogs, it ha;; been a ppron'd n, an :1llrrn:1te l:inding fi r ld for the
pl:rnrs t h ,1l comr in lo Se:1tllr (:22 mile.:; :1\1·:1)·)
on se brdul ed fli g h L from S:111 Fr:111 cis<·o,
Ala s k:t , and tlw E:1sl. On the first projed al
Snol1omi s h , hrg un in l:1l e 19:3u, hrl\1·t'en :300 :rnd
400 m r n werr empl oyed in cknring :111d lcn'ling uprrntion , rrmo,·ing lr e lrnnks. :111t l g radin g t h e large arra nccessa r)· f r.· four rnmrnys.
):' n 1-ro\1·-g:wgr r:1 i Irm1d r q u i pnwn l ( l h e locomo[ i \·es fired with \mod salvaged in the clr:1rin g- operation ) ns wdl :1s tractors and sc r:11H•rs
" ·c· re used to tran s port the . l'\"l'r:ll million
cu hie .,·ard . of matrrinl that had lo be mll\ ed.
LalPr , rxlrnsin' drainage and relatrd \\·ork
\\·as donr in prep:1r:1lion for lhl• run"·:iys.
The north -sout h runw:1)· w:1 s g i\·<· n n fi,·e-i11('h
grn \' <'I bn . c n nd bituminou s s urfac in g o,· rr a
len g th of -1, 00 feet. Thi s runw:1!·· \1·hicl1 is
200 fert \vidc , will evcntu:1 11)1 be xlrndcd to
.S.800 f l and three oth r rum\·:1~·;; I :jO frl'l
widr wit h a lol:1 1 l ng th of 14 ,400 feet will he
constructed.
T IH' m>rk at Snoltomisl1 h as been dirrclt'd
to\,·:ll'cl the maximum imnwdiate wcf11 !11 ess of
the airport. Li ghtin g for th• north-so1illt
runw:1y has brrn prnvided tlu·o11gh llusli-t~·pr
lig h ts :1 lo ng thr landin g trip . . \ rernh·ing
be:H·on li g h t on :1 temporary -o-fool lnwer :llld
lig htrd " ·ind cone h:l\"e been omplet d, :rnd
bo1111dary lig ht s arr being i11sla ll ed. Ji; \(' ll
" ·ith t l1 t' limill'd f'neilitie then aY:1ilahle. about
,50 l:rnding-s and lakr-ofl' \l' C'r r rnad r in l \J:H)
al lhi ,.; firld b!· air lr:1nsporl plant'"· Th e consl ruc-lion of a h:i11 g-:1r, admini ~lrntion building,
taxi st rips, .1prn11s, turning c ircks. nnd :1dditio11:il run11·:1~·s t l1 :1l :1 1·c' includrd in t h t' prnj l'd
p lan s :111d soml' of whic h \\"t•r<• u11d('I' \1·:1!· :it the
end of -Tun e, will m:1ke thi::; :iirport :1 11ot:1'1l c
addition Lo l h <· :1 ir transportation facilities of
t lH' P:w ifi c .\"orlll\n•sl.

32

REPORT OX PROGRESS OF THE WP.-\ PRO(1RA1\I

.Albuquerque, New ~f cx ico, i not a large
city but, sin ce the cons lrn ction b)- 'IVPA of a n
airport with accommotlali ons for large tran sco11 Lin ental skylincrs, it has become a n imporlanl spot, on the ,1inrny maps. F or pa ell gers from New York or Lo Angeles i l off ers
co nn ect ions north to Denver and sou th to El
Pa o and 1 Jex ico C il~·, as ,,·ell as to Lh e oil
fields of eastern New ~I ex ico and tl1 Ya cation
cenler, Carlsbad Ca,·ern s NntionaJ Park.
T he a irport, locnted about fi ye miles southeas t
of Albuqu erque, h as four ru 1rn·ay ; the h orl est
of th em is 5,200 feel long. Two of t h e runway a r paved , as a re also th e two 1.50-foot
tax iway a nd Lwo a pron s. ln a ldition to lb e
co n t ruct io n of th ese lm1din g fac iliti e and lh e
related gradin g and drainage work , pro jecl
op erat ion s includ ed th e erec tion of han gar a nd
admini str ation buildin gs and th e in s ta ll a lion
of runway and ohs truclion ligh l ing and floodligh t in g system s.
The admin istration b uil d in g, rese mblin g lb c
Pu e blo arc bi tcctu re typica l of th e So uLhwl'st,
is des ig·nccl to m eet all th e 1wNls of air transportation . It in clud es a rad io s lati on, wea lb er
bu renu , and pilots' roonr. as well as th e us ual
passenger fac iliti es. The 20 7- by 200- foot
lrn nga r is of steel and r ein fo rced concre te with
a c·o n(Td c fl oo r. Its lo ngest door , 165 feel
widt> and 35 fe et hi g h , will a dmiL th l' la rge
tran spor t pla nes which la nd at Albuqu erqu (' at
lenst 12 Limes eae b day. In add ition to th e
wo rk on the a irpo rt itsrlf , whi ch was nearly
co mpl ete by Lhe end of ,Jun e 1940 , thl' c·ons [nl('(ion of an Arm,v .\.ir Corps barrn c- ks to
ho11s<· .'50 men was und l' r way at thal t ime.

Al I ash villc (B erry Fi ,td) , T enn e s e, ext(' nsin· a irport leY lopmen t work ha been
carri ·d on t hr o ugh a large nu mbcr of '\",VPA
projeds, th fix ·t of wh ich began shortly after
th e initi ation of th e WPA pro oTam. Thro ugh
the m osl r eec ntly s tart e l work at Lhis 540-acre
a irpor t , from which frequ en t air service (more
th an :30 sch eduled s tops a clay) is now availabl
to C h ieago, Washin g ton, Mi a mi , D allas, and
o ther points, tlw la nd ing field is being r nlargecl
and sc wral taxi s trips arc bein g paved with
bitumino us m acada m . Two n ew h a ,wa r are
also bein g built wi t h a con cr ete apron common
to both of them . A comple ted hangar now
bo uses plan es of the 105th Aero Squadron of
t he Nat iona l Guar d and is use d also by vis itin g Army and
avy aircraft. T h e earlie~t
proj ec ts at Nas hville in volve d extensive clearin g , g rubbin g, gradin g, and drainage wo rk
preliminary Lo runway ·ons Lruct ion . T llC' runways were then pav cl wit h as pha l ti c o ncrete.
Two of t h ' Ill are 4,000 feet l011g, a n l on e is
eq uipp ed wit b fo ciliti e fo r blind land ing when
C umb erland fogs o bsc ure the fi eld . w ·p A
workers also built admini s tratio n bui ldino- ,
a uto parkin g ar eas, and oth er mi scellaneous
buildin gs co ns! it u Ling a se rv ice cent er eas ily
r eac hed from th e runway by co ncre te taxi
trips.
:i\ [olin e Airport, hui lL entirely t hrou2;h WPA
proj ect s ponsor ed by th e City of l\1oline,
Illino is. not on ly is a uni t in th e at ion 's a ir
transportation sys tem and a center for pri vate
fl y ing o pera tion s, I ul a lso is of military imporln.n (·<· bcca u e of it s n earne s to Ro k: I land
Ar senal and th e Savann a Ordnance D epoL

A l A lbuquerque , New M exico, WPA wo rk e rs have co mplet e d an administralion bui ldi ng and a larg e han gar , va rious
run way s, and o th e r land ing are a deve lop me nt s

t
T

A

H
H

,dmini strat io n building and one of thr ee new hangars at Na shvill e ' s WPA -built arrp or l ; th e hangar houses National Guard
planes and is used by vrsiting army and navy aircraft

1calcd a short di stanc up the Mi ssissippi
~i,-cr . The work o f tr:.1nsfonnin g on• r :WO acre
f pa sL urcland and lak e into a mo(lern ai rport
•egnn late in 1935. Large crew o f work ers
!led in th e lake and leveled the fie ld , whi c h
,;1 s nin e feet high er at th n orth t ha n al the
) ulh sid e. In add iti on to movin g all the
11 e scn tial to th e leveling of the fil•ld , tltey
1s la llccl thousand s of fe et of drn,inagc t ile ,
~Wl'r pipe, and electric ca ble in prcpn,ral ion
r t,h c runways. The c range from 2,950 lo
.040 fret in len gth and are paved wiLh h l:iekp asph a lt to a width of 100 fc cL wi Lh .50- loot
rn ,·cl sh o uld er on eac h side . Taxi trips
nd tumi1w c ircles arc simil:n ly paved . \\' PA
·ork er al o h aYc built a hangar . :rn admi11 isln1 .on bui lding whi ch contain s a rcslaur:1nL and
, c ili t i - for air-lin e pa ssenger , and :1. pump
o usc and water sy t ern uti lizing l he n i rporl 's
wn 350-foot well. This new airport. , about
50 l!lil c wes t of C hi cago , makes sch l'dulcd ai r
~ansportaLion facili ties ava ilnhle not o nl y for
l o lin e buL a lso for East i\[o linc , Rock i sland ,
ncl Dav enpor t, which wi th their suburban :i l'l':1 s
lc lud c a population of a l out. 200.000 person s.
U 1'1organtown, 'iVcst Virginia , an indu l ri t1I
~nt cr and university sit e, the \YPA has bc l' ll
)o perating with th e city in building :1 ne\\·
irport which no t only bring safr landin g
,ciliLie to thi lo ca lity for t he firs t lim e but
1 o is con idcr ed of strategic imporlan(· e in
.1
prot Lion of th e inclu trial area bet \\'l'l·n
l or o-anLo vm and Pitt burgh , ahoul 60 mill's lo
'.len rLh. vVPAworkcrs havecle •.1red , levcled ,
nd drained an area of n early 200 ncrc prar.cally on a m o unt ain to p about 11 mile out s ide•

th e city. They han' built three pav ed rnm,·ays
rang ing from 3, I 00 lo 3,600 feel in leng th , :111
100 feel wid e. Turnin g c ircle and a prons witlt
th!:' same hi gh ty p s urfo c ing have bee n com pleted and three 7 5- fo oL Laxiways are und er
con struct ion. The airport as yet h as no build ings except a temporary wooden hangar .
Project plnns includ e Lh e con tr uction of
lrnn gar and ad 1nini ' tr:1t ion bui ldin gs and oth er
mi sce llan eo us improve ments.
WPA work al tlw Ida ho Fa ll Airport , a s top
on the a ir\\':1y bet ween Sall La kc• C ity and
EJdcna. J\ l onta na, has provid · I landin g fa c ili ties adequatL· for lh c ai r lin ers wh id1 fl y the
route r eg ularly a nd in s ummer c::nry touri s ts lo
Y cll o\\'s ton c Park . ics' than a hundred mil e'
a" ·ay . The .5, 000-fool norlh -so utl1 rum1·:1 y was
con tru c ted and boundary li ght WL'l'l' in s tall ed
for night use, and th e L' scntial gradin g an I
lcnlin g work done on lll L' WPA I rnjL·ct. Oth er
produc ts of Wl'A work arc Lite han gar, admini stration bu il d in g, and ca retaker's qunrlers. built
of logs in a ru s t ic ty le. The hm1 g:u can
accommodate eight pil1n cs . Its two win gs
provide a r epai r shop and gt1rao·l· ,llld a lso
locker and cla -s room for th e flying sch ool
maintain ed at th e airport. Th e two-s tory
aclmini strntion buildin g has roo m for the air\\'ays rndio stt1tion and li Ying quarters fo r th e
rndi o operntors as 11·ell as th e usu:11 fa ciliti es
for ai r-lin e passe ngn s.
Amon g the milit,1ry and naval air s tati o ns
which have been dC'v dopl'cl and improved
thro ugh v\'.PA projed o p<' rnli o ns an• 1\lax ll'dl
Field n ear j\ Lon lgo nwry , Ala b.1 ma , and R t·t•ves
Fidd in L o An ge ll's (San Pedro) , California .

3.J:

HEPOHT OX l'JW<:HE:-iR OF THE ,\'PA PROGRAM

'

O ne o f th e 168 new hon go rs built by WPA work e rs of oirp o rts throug ho ut th e co untry

rnlN sonw of tlw m::rny \YP.\ prnj<·<·ts thal
hnY< ' IH•<·n 01wral<·d at :\l :1 x11<·il Fi< ·ld si11<·<•
,.arl)- in tlw hi s to1y of tliP prng r:1111 tlw drni11,1 gL·
of th e landin g ti ('[d bas lw<·n <'Xi<·nd<'d . till'<'<'
r11n11-nys :111d :1 taxi strip h:11·<· ht'<'ll pnn•d .
r11111rny li ght ,-. lian• hl'en i11-,(:1lkd , :incl :111 ,1n•:1
(' 1<•:irl'd for t lw sit<' of ,1 r,Hlin lH•,1<·on . Oth<'r
prnjc•d s hnY< ' inYol n •d r•xt t•n si1·<· ('()Jl -; ( r11dio11
:rnd impl'OY l' lll<'l1l-; of f:i<'iliti< '"· i11cl11din g- a
numhl'r of h:tl'l':l!'ks ('-Ol1l< ' hou ,-. in g -10 :rnd otht•r,;
:-:o men). rn< •ss hall,;. nnd g: r:1 g('S , a q11:nt<•1·ma ,; le r 's w:11·<·hou sl' , and nddilion ,- lo llw ofli<·(• r,;' nwss , 1·<·<-r<•,1lion ancl h111ncl1y h11ildi11 gs ,
and th e po,-. ( hos pital. l~xt<•n ,- iYt ' <' i<·arin g .
lands<':1pin g, nnd rond :rnd sid( •11 :ilk <·on s lrn<·t ion h:ivc• :il -;o hel'n doll( '.
Tlw \YP.\ 11·ork :it R cc,·rs Field , the Xn1·y'.;;
:1ir ha s(' 011 Trrn1i11 :1I Island i11 Los .\ ngelr'-,

h:1 ,; i111·0!1-rd t he con truction of n complet
nirport 11 it h facilitie s for both bndpl:rnes and
seap lanes. In addition to t hree p,n-ed runways, 200 feet 11·icl nnd r::rn ging from 2,200 to
:3 ,600 feet in length , \Y P.\ wo rkers han buil t
h: ul-out ramp and pbt::i conc rete seapl:m
l'or m, six p:n-ed taxiw,iy -, and a pnYed hangar
apron, and 11,n-e in s tnllcd (lood lig hting nn l
houJl(ln ry, rummy , and obstruction lighting
sy,; tems . They ,li o h:n·e con s tructed nurn rou s buildings. Th es(' includ C' two hangars ;
b:11T:1cks, mess lrnll , n11cl g:1llC'_1· to arrommodnte
200 cnli ,:; tC'd men and quarter - for .50 officer ;
:rnd g.1rngcs and .;; torchou scs of Ynri ouc; types.
Thi s 11·ork !m s l)('cn done t hrnugh thC' op eration
of a number of clifferC'nt projC'cts, tht' first of
,1·hirh bcgnn ,;oon after th e initiation of the
\YPA progr:1111 . \York under wn)- at the end
of .\ I :nch l n--10 included the ron strn c tion of a
di spcn s:1 ry , s torn gc bui Id ings , nnd shop lean-to ' ,
:i s 11-cll :l '- further impnn-ements to the landing
firld nnd th e se,1plnnc bnse .
Work Accomp lished on Airport and
Airway Projects

1

Mor ke rs p oint ed o n roo fs or ro od woy s id entify co mm un 1l1 es
t o pil o ts ove rh eod ond ol so dir ect th e m to neorby o rrp orts

D C'sniptions of work done at incliYiclual airport s, :i lth oug h illu str:itin• of the naturC' of
,H·t i1-i ti c.;; ,1rnl l heir importance to specific ct,mrn u 11 i tics and for specific purposes, do not
n' 1·c:1l thr hrnnd scope of \\' P.\ ,1ccompli shmc11t.;; in t lw field of airport de, elopment.
This is better indicated b)- :1 recent i1we11tor_,of 1rnrk C'nmplctcd OYcr the entire period of
\\· P.\ 01)('rntio 11 s throug h ,June 30, 19--!0. 3 I n
lhi ,; 1wriod :1ho11t 2.'JO :iirport lnnding- field .;; 11·c1·<·
dc1·cloped or c11l:1rgcd and a ron sidcrnbl:- 1:irger
1111111])(',. ll'e rc n10d crnized . They include many
:1irport-; :dong th e X,1tion's m:ijor .1ir lane,; :rnd
-.tr:it egic milit:iry airfield s, as well ,7 , small ,1irport s in Ice;._ populous ,Heas ofl' the regulnr li110
of fi ig·ht 11 hi('h prc,·inu sly h:1d no fo<'ilitil''- for
l:111di11 g or sen i('in g of pl.mes .
. \ mon g th e [!Tcatest contribution s to the
:iirport fa cilitit'S of the Xatio11 m :Hl e h)- \rP.-\.
project :H·cn 111pli shme11L 11·:1 s the complrtion
of 1,070,000 li,war feet (or :r,o mile,-) nf nc1,·
n111ll'a_p; aml th e impr Yeme11t of ,1bout 6,50,000
T hi· -; 11m 111: 1r y does not inr ludr w ork r·om plPt, •d on \\"P \ p roj(•C· ts
,1p1• 1.11 4'd h y 11 1lw r F, ·d,•r:1\ :1c-pnc• 11 ·s

3,-

\VP.\ A I RPORT AXD .\ JR\\'.\ Y \\'OJ1 K
WP A
ho s

pro j e ct wo rk
includ ed

n u•

me ro u s in stoll r:;rio ns
o f fi e ld li g ht i n g
syst e m s to ma ke c i r•
p o rt s ad e qu a t e

fo r

n i ght landin gs

fee t (or 120 miles) of exis tiJ1g runw ays, a ma~·
be n oted in Tabl e 5. :K arly 60 percent of t be
ne\\·ly cons tru cted runw ays was p aved wi th
bi tuminou s, concre te, or tb er hi gh typ e s u rfac ing m aterial. A sm aller p or tion (40 percent) of the recondi t ion ed runways was of an
equally high type of surfa e.
New runways were buil t in n earl y all s tates.
Thi typ e of a irpor t work was p arti cularly exten ive in P en.n sy lYani n a nd Colorado, wh erl'
n ew runways totnlin g 14--1 ,400 feet and 127 ,300
feet , respectively, had been completed by
June 30 , 1940 . (See T a ble 6. )
A mall part of th e WP A airpor t work bas
been d irected toward s the provision of fac ili t ie~
for ea plan es. Twen ty- fi ve new ramp or
landin g platforms h ave bee n cons t ructed , m os t
of th em alon g th e Atlan t ic ~eaboa rd . The one
recently completed at L a G uardia Field in Ne 11·
York ity is the regul ar ba e ior t ra n ocea ni c
eaplan es. In addi tion to the new con truc t ion
work , one eaplane r amp in 1Iassachu e tts and
one n a Wi consiJ1 la ke ltave been reconcli tioll ed
through ,;vp A wor k.
Ne w airpor t bui l lin gs compl eted by " ' PA
wor ke r by th e end o f .Jun e 1940, nurnl ercd
n . [ the e, 168 ,1·ere ha ngar · ra ngin g in
size from th e imrn n e ::: tructu res a t La G ut1 rcli a

Fi eld t bat can accommodate 14 la rge tra ns port
p lanes to . m , II h nngars th at h u e a few snrn ll
pleas ure craft. Also in cluded were 74 adm ini stration and te rmin al build ings an l 236 misc ellan eo us tru c t ures l:' uch as rep a ir hops, m a in tena nce an d torage building , an d ga rages.
T A BLI,; .J . -PH Y S L AL A C C O M PLI S IHIE N T S ON A IRP O RT
.\No A1 R\\' .\ Y P RoJ EcT s OPE R .\T E o BY vV P A
('OS'Tl~ENT ,\ I_, U N I TED S T .\ TE '
t l \ll ' L \ T l \' E TJ1 H11UG II J UNE

::l0. J0-:10

N um lw r

Hem

U n itof M easu re m enl

_________ ,______________ _
I N umber

La11d111g fi elrls

_________
.\ 2-l i
L englh in fee t ______ l ,971.-ll I

Ru n w ays
.\ 1rpn rt

bu1lct 10 g'-i

N umber _____ _______

_\ dm1n 1s1,rat 1ve a nd tcr -

m inal

__

N umbe r ___ ________ _
N u mber ___________ _
Nu m brr _____ _____ _

llanga r~ _
Other
Sea pla1w ram ps and l a □ <l in g

ph tfo rms _ _

La ndmga reas fl ood lig btcd

A1r wa\ marker~
A irwH~ heaeo ns
.. l a r lu d e 50 la nd111 g:
e I ncl ud1•s ~urfacin e.

{
__

D

5 13

st andards

88
17
271
2S

R9
I. UL>
LO. 4V:J
67

n ld '- t o wh1 r h ad tlit1 0 0 s w l' re urndc.

c Ind wk's srap lant hasl~ hu ild mrr-.;,
n I nrlude s fl,; ,ww ad d ii in n~ to t•, i, 1in c h11i lcl lil t!'"

1, 0tl l

- -- - - -

Nu m ber __
_ _
N umhc r o f areas
l'\umbl'r of li ght
Numher
Num lw r

'HI
o HFi'i, 212

rn1
2. 8711

15

3(5

REPOHT O:S: PHOC.:RESS OF T H E W PA PROGRA J\l

TABLE

6.

f-;E 1, EcTEo

ITEM f<

OF

P11,,-,1

AL

\\' PA, B l

Ct' \1l I \Tl\' t

Numl.Jt r or I.Arn d1

in!-{ F ield s

Stat e

I

an,

"r

S4:!

l.1¥J l

I0, 4n

1:i

Hi

4i

.\:!. 1)111

1i9

4

2

1'2

h

Ii, 700

1
24

22.:im

3

7 1. 000

I ow a

Kan sa,
Kt' ntuckv
J..<u1isia nU
~[Rim•

~fnryl and

------------------------------ ..
------------------·------

-------

i
3
2
3

12

\li rh igan

21i
2

~t•Ya da
,pw .fl nmpshin°
'.'J l'W Jt rSt'Y
:,.J"'" -:'\[rxiro
1

~t·w York
~ort h Ca rolina
:-:orth I lakota

PPnm;y Jq rn ia

H hod•, Island
~nut h f'nro l ina

39
If,

.17, 000

:l,OIHI

2fi

Iii

49, 30IJ
20, ,\(HI
3/i. noo

4
:i
4

14

J:,.,, fiOO

13. llrlO
119. SOIi

Sfi, iii HI

,)

37. HOO

12. OIMI

II

3 1, )())

iI
I:!
2

4

"I
I'

10, 2fltl
14, SfMI
2.1, 1011
14 , r,ntl
122, /'\Oil

2

23fi
146

40

11 . Hllll

'r.

5
I

2 18
i4

10

)\

2

I

20

1:l. ,Oil
2i. 211()

13
I

'

141 , 11111

2..J , IOO

\V ,•st Vi rgin ia

\\' isco ns in
\\'yomine

,;1;,:mo

I
21

11-..,, liOO

fa.Ii, -tOO

I

I

lfi, ll<HI

20, 41111

.:d . :.~no
21, :1011
33, .,011
10, .\110

I.

,oo

l(l'J

5Uo
9:,.,

2

1:i
3
H
3

2
31

2
41

2 11

3

'.!O

11
I

,;nn

u

I, 41111
i, :lOO

18

:Jfi, !!Oil
12. ~Oil

8

21.

9i

1.12

:1

II
II

I

Si

:l

I

,;oo

ti:i,:1IHI

'

-~'2
I

:!. :U)II

2
2
I

2'

I

1:J. fi(HI

:i1.:im

,\

llfi

2
5

.)\ . ti!HI

\\'nshing ton

14

99
1:li
61

I

9

2:i. mo
11 , 1100

63,\

3~. 1110

I. 70(1

I

33
461
.13
182

.;;2
51!1

4

4

'

I

t t, :!00
2S. IIHI

Tt·xas
l ' toh
\ -,,rmnnt
Vi rgi nia

65
4

22

l , MHI

Ill
Ii

~1\•n o1 •ss(•t1

·11

602

47
I
1:i

t)fi, i'f)(I

:-so. ,no

Ii, 200

~outh Dako ta

194

2

2,\/i

10, 01111
4 ll(MI
<i, 4011

,->;l,

169

16
34
3

2h

11 . 11111

I

I
19

,)

4, 9011

~ .:UHi

1

2

34, liOO

II

I

139
191\
13G

~

'.l 7 , .'\Ofl

Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon

54, llM I
2 1,300

SI . HOO

41i

.'.':t'hraska

133
14
1

31

2'1. j()()

~I issouri

.\ f o nt ana

12

1,

·I.:,.,()()

I

\ t n,snrhust•t ts

:\T 111 nrrn ta
~ I ississip pi

I

ti, 700

36, 41HI

6

--•-

---- -------

··-

Hi2

I
156
I

"

2. iU

- - - ---

-------

2.,

:I
3
3

l mpru,·Nl

HOO

I

Id a ho _
Illinois
[nd ia na

Ne w
lm1m n ·ed
-1-

H

tiML :?00

9

2;
I.I

N umber or Airwa y
1arkcrc.

I, tlil. ·IOO

\rk rmsas

Ocnrgin

I

31,

California

Con nectic ut
l)('la,,-an ·
D ist rict of f'o lu mhia
Florida

Ne w

A

-------

I:?
I
4

Colorad o

Duildings

l mpro\'ed

Ne w

:?b. !)00
12, '.!(HJ
,. lfKl
102.:,m
12,. :mo

\ lnhnrna
\r izona

N'um lw r of A ir por L

Hunway~ in
F't •c• t

Ll' ngt h

l m pro,·ed

2-11

BY

19-10

----l ' n ilt•d ~ lalt• S

OPE!1ATEo

'h1rF.

T IIHOt'lill .f l':'\ t~

:Xt•W M

PnoJEc-Ts

A t HWAY

ArnPORT A • o

Ac, ·o .,1P1,1 ,-; 11MENT o"'

I

I

I

2

I.I

51
409

I
,\
,\

2
3;1 1
;
I
12

5
2
5
1

10.\
3fi9
I iO

3; 3
9o

2

SH

I, 340

5,

3H I
I

5 1fi
2,i!I

16

A IDelud,·s sPap la,w ha,1' buildings.
n ln rhlfks addi lion._,

Among tlir 1,090 :iirport. buildings th:1t wrre
rrmodrlrd h)' thr projrct ,rnrkNs 11 err 260
hnngnrs a11d some S:30 othrr buildings of 1niscrllnnro11s t_vpcs. ln :1dditio11 (l .') nirport ht1ildi11gs
were r 11largcd . A considcrnhl(' portion of the
airport lrni lcli11g co11~trt1ction, p:ll'ticulnrl)· the
rr11ovn t io11 work . wns co11ce11 trn t (' d i11 Tl•xas,
C'nlil'orni:1 , nnd i'\l'w York . :iltl10u g l1 sotll(' \\·ork
wns do11e i11 pr:1<'( i(':illy <· ,·1• ry s l:1 l<'.

Th0 li g h ting foci litie,: t hat a rc e:csent ial to
rn:1ke :111 :1irport :H IC'C1unt e fo r use b)r a ir tnm ports han' bN'll considerab ly C'xp:rn d ed thro ugh
\YPA prnject a tivitics. F lood li g htin g for
night lnnd in gs has bee11 new l)' in s ta lled at, 69
landin g a reas in 2 c s t:1t.es nncl I C' W Yo rk C i ty ,
:rnd floodli g h ti11g f:1eiliti0. o f 17 la ndin g ar eas
h:we bl'e11 irnprnved in l4 ,-;t a tes and t he Di strict of ( 'olurnhia.

37

WPA .\ IRl'ORT AND A l R \VA Y W O RK

~\n ot h r r phfl r of 1Yl A ll'Ork rela lt•d lo n ir
trnn - porlnlion i th e e tablis hm r n L o f nid s lo
air n a 1·ig ,1tion , s uch fl a innty mnrk(•rs nnd
beflc on s. Am o ng th (' 10,490 new nirll'a_l' mnrk('J"S mnd l' b_v \\' P \. workC'r s are t h r
5- foot s ton e
lctlNs t h nt id e n t ify New York ' rnuni eipn l airport from hi g h in th e a ir , a we ll ::i s t hl' mu ch
smalkr 1rnll'ke rs painted on roof ::i nd ron d way
in m:rn y section
o f t he co untry. Airway
nrnrke rs that we re impro ved numlw r 2. 70 .
In nddition , 67 n ew airway bea co ns lrn vt• lll'en
bui lt to g uid t• nig ht fli ght and 15 beaco ns h::ive
bee n reco nditi on ed .
Th e accompli hment m ention ed above r elat e
to s pecific fa ciliti es complet ed bd Wl'('n the
beg innin g o f t h e WPA program and June :30,
1940. Th ey d o not g ive , clequat e indi cation ,
h o weve r , o f the fl c Lual amount o f th e work involved. Exten s ive clearing, gru elin g, and dn1inflge wo rk wa s don e in th e con s tru c tion f rnnways. Th o usnncls of feet of drainage pipe,
wa t er , se we r , nnd teleph one lin e w e re in s ta lled .
{\lillion o f square yards of pa v in g w:1 co mpleted in p::i rkin g area , road s, s idew::ilk , taxi
strip , nnd han g ar aprons at airpo r ts.

7 . -AMO U 'T OF \\. PA AXD , POX . om;' FD1'D"
EXPE:\'DED 0'1
A1t<POR T .\XO A IR\\AY Pn OJECT,OrER ,\TED BY \\'P A, BY :-;T.-\TE .-\XD BY ·o u E OF

T ABLE

F UN D S
Cl \11 LATI\ t TIIHOl 1.fl

' tate

Projects
Th e on t ru c tion and improvement of airpor ts du ring t he fi ve year s from th e initiation
of th e vVPA pr gram throu gh ,June 1940
ha bee n clon e at a cost of $2 00 ,5 05, 000 . Of
thi s amounL , 150 ,8 12,000 wa from fund s appro priaLed to Lhc WPA . A l th o ug h so m e work
h as bee n clon e in prac tica lly every s tale , iL lrn s
bee n mud, m o re exte nsiv e in om e tl, nn in
ol h r r . Exp r nditures w er e lnrg(• l in ln tt'S
wb rre large- cn le im provements lrnve bet· n
mad e on major nirpor ts find a ir-lin l' lermim1 ls.
R ecognition by proj ect s po n o rs o f th e ntlue
of air port d evp]opmcnt i e, -icl en L fro m th e
extrnt o f l hc•ir finan cial participati o n in \VPA
proj<'Cls of Lhi type. Durin g t he 1940 fi, ca l
y(•a r, s pon so rs ca rri ed a l o u t 40 pe rcl' nl of l li c
total co l of WPA ai rpor t and airwa y proj(•C'l s;
th ey provid ed $ 15, 01 ,000 o f Lli c lot:1 1 of
$:37,279 ,000 pe nt durin g th e year . Thi s co n-

!\E 30 , 19"40

Total
$211(). 50,\, 453

$150.811. 719

$ IV. liO:l. 731

2. 002. 731

I. 695, 8711

30fJ, 8fil

244. 490
514. 311
17. 978. 771
3. 33·1. 063

)6(;.306
392,370
13. 146. 677
2. 687. 159

121,911
4,832, 1194
646,904

2. 610. 500

2,052, 276

658, 284

I . 593. 023

4. 35:l. r,9s
2, Olli. 242

l. 496. 3271
3, 4%. 826
I , 525. 803

96, r,gr,
SOi, h'i'.!

40. 2-1
9. l 10. 105
3, 125. 59S
], 662. 955
], 626. 36

583. 947
, 175. 4-l
2. 620. 945
l, 271. 212
l. 290. 473

256. 877
93 l. 657
504. r,53
391, 743
33.\, 89,\

Iaioe
---··-·-···· --_
[ar yland
_____ -__________
Jl[assac husetts ---- --·-·······

619. 465
698. 006
1. 376, .\94
608. 627
4, 05.5. 524

I , 131. 696

166, 809
128, :J82
244, %

547. 469
3. 280. 38fi

775. 13,

l\Iichigan
l\Iinoesota
:1\I ississippi
J\[ issouri
!\fontana

3, 5i9, 883
3. 083. 920
I. 790. I
2. 269. 130
961. 963

3, 114 .599
2. 410. 279
I , 559. 797
l. 6t0, 003
719. 962

465. 284
673, f,ll
230,361
628, 527
242, 1101

Nebraska
_________
------- ·-······
Nevada
_______ ·_
New H ampshire ___ _____ _____ _
ew Jersey
· · ····--···__
-·_
Tew
~Iexico _____________

l. 943. 344

l. 762. 40t,
111. 630
617, 350
4. 908. 361
716. 5-17

24--t, 9i:l

Total
Alaba ma
Ari zona

Arkoasas

. _______ _
______ _

___

--·- ----·

alifornia ____ ___ _____ ______ _

Colorado · -·-----·--- ____ _
Connecticut
Delaware
Distri ct or Columbia ______ _
Florida
--- ··-··· - Oeorgia
---· ------------

Idaho
Ill
inois

_ ----·-·--------·
___________
____ __

[ ndiana

____ ______________ _

[ 0\\"'3
K
ansas

--_____
----_______________
------------- --_

Kentucky
-·-·· -··--···-·--Louisiao
a _______
___________ _

New Y ork

Expenditures on Airport and A irway

Jl

____ ___________ _

Nor th Caroli na ... . ··-··---. _
Nort h Dakota ....... ... _____ _
Ohio
-----·· -·····-· -·
Oklahoma _ -------·- ·-···· ··
Oregon
-··
·-·____________
-·· -··-·-· --_
Pennsyl\·aa ia
____
Rh ode Island ________ ·········
South Carolina _---·· ·····--··
South Dakota __ ····· ····· --··
Tennessee _______ ____________ _
Texas
________ ____________ _
Utah
_ .......... ... ..... .
Vermont ____ ______________

21fi,0fii

62. 325
6, 384. 570
892. 520

ll'as hingtoa .. ·· ·- -···········

Ilnwaii

484, 139

452. 656 1
570. 224

61, 151'

180,936
104, 437
], 476. 209
I 75. 973

62,020.917
2. 35 t. 191
402. 113
8,0iO. 289
889, 123

39, I 2fi, i'.!5

l. 799. 52 1
28.5. 79
7, l . 322
636. 186

94. 192
55 1. 6711
l 16. 234
I, 967
252, 93;

3. 386. 655

2 7"3 ,.,
15:
10:i
121. ·11 0
2,141. 32
641. 860

2, 40~. 446
51. 8 16
346, I 2
22.3, 537

17. 683. 149
173. 226

2. 4

. 014

865,397
4, 933. 792
2,321 . 354
l. 658. 0.53

274:

22.

6 12. ii3

467. 44,\
845. r,5g
407. 03,\

I. 438. 073

4. 466. 3"7
], 475. 796
I. 250, ll8
182,247
l. 038. 335

399. 73.

5. 370. 8 19
2, 57-1. 516
2,121.459
335. 609

3. 8 11. 621
l . 9G4. Gl2
I , 734. 324
222. 33 1

l. 559. 19
609. 904
3 7, 13,\
113, Zi

817. 312

54 1. 062

27fi, 250

__
Vi rginia _____ ___ ________ ___ _

\Vest Virginia _________ _____ __
\ Viscoosin _______ ______ _____ __
\ Vyoming ______ ______ ____ --- __

78, !hi

253, 957

_________ _____ ____ _

71, ilO

S urce: IVPA state offi ce reports.

tribution Wfl relnli n• ly gr C'atC'r t h an lhut of
s p o nso rs of any ot her mnj or lyp<' o f \YP_\. projecL. lt a lso wn s so m ewhat g reatN t han th at
of ::iirport project po nso rs during l',u li l' r ~· c·iu;;.
Alt hough s po nsor s provid ed nhout l7 1w 1n'11 l
of t he ai rpor L proj l'ct co l durin g llw ea rli c• r
yea rs of \VPA o pe rnti ons ::is a w hok, t hey mad e
ava ilable 1w arl y :L p rccn L of th e LoLa l in t h o
fiscal year 19;39.

EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS
t.lw fiscal V<'ar 19'1c0 the l'l' P.\ em:1,11 n.n·r:tge of :2,0.)-± .000 \\'ork<'rs. or
abo11t a. lhi1·d less tl,:111 the :t,· er:lge number
(3 .01-!.000 ) <·rnployed in the fi sca l nar 19:39.
. tnrling " ·ith a bout 2 ,:2c :2 .000 in ,July 19:)9. :wcr:,gc month!)' cmplo)' ment ckc li1wd to a lo\\' of
1,7:21.000 in Septcmhet·, g r:1du:1lly inc1·1•:1sed in
th l' autumn and wi11tc1· until it cx< ·<·<'ckd :2.:309.000 in Fc,hnwry a nd ~larch . and thl'n dropped in
th e sprin g month ' to a .Jun<• n,·<·1·:tgl' th:tt, \\':ts
on!.,- :1 lit tlc highe r than llw.t for the pn·ccdi1,g
cptemb ·r.
Tlw numb ers of pn<;n ns cmplnv ed hy th1·
\VP A in the mont !i s s ince it was estahl ish<•d in
thc su mmer of 19:35 han• fluctunled co nsick rahlv in accordanc<• "'ith t.lw :tmount of fulllls
approp ri:ttl'd . rc• fil'ding ('h11ng1 •s in the ,,ol um e
of nec·d :u·isi ng from mwrnplnymcn t and from
clistn•ss in agri cultmal nrea::;_ Ln tl1P fir-; (
months of its operntion th e progrnm d en· lop cd
rapidly , unti l an nn-r:tg<· of :3,0rn,oon J) L' r::;o ns
bn.d proj<'ct jobs in F chr11:n_,, Hl :3(5. Frnm th :1t
time until Sl'ptcmber 19:37, :1 period of rx panding rmploym e11l in priYaLe indu s try , the 1111mher
of \Yl'.\. ,rnrkers was reduced g- rndunll)-, c•xc<•pt
in t h e drought areas \\'hl're :,;c,·p ra l l,unclr('cl
th ousand drought ,· ictims " ·e n· prn,· ided with
job in th e b st six months of tu:rn. In S1•pl1•mb('I' 19:31 on ly l ,-!.iU .000 workC'rs W(' J'(' t·m plO)' t' cl
on \YP.\ prnjcct s. Tlw s h:trp r<•c<•ssion in business :1ctiYit:v tlwl began in th<• fa ll of 19:3 7 :rnd
th e hi gh leq•l of 1m1•mplo.Y1nvnl dming th• ('Hs u ing )' <•:ll' JH'C'l•ssi l:1 tcd nn inc r<•ast• in WP A
<'mplo~·ment \\'hirl1 c·onti1111ed for more than 1:2
month s. Tlw <'X]l:lll"mn " ·a:,; arcl'ntuated h:· thl'
<;rriou-; ronditim1 of tl1l' lc•n,111t f:trnwrs ,md f:1rrn
t r R 1 ra

D ployed

3X

l:1 hon•rs in t h r Sout h in th <· mnme r and fall of
19:~~ and hy thl' ~e"· E:ng-1:rnd lt11rrica11 c 1d1ich
oc<·tt1Tecl in September of llwt y e:1r.
' ubscq111 ·n l rurla ilnwnt in operations rcduc ccl the
:1.Y<· 1·:1g,· numb e r rmployed t,o less t hnn :2,600,000
in .Turn·. Lite las t mont h of tlw fisc,1,l year 19:39,
:1nd f11 rth cr to t.721,000 pe rson s in Sept,mh•r
19:rn. I n onler to m e •t th e greater nc ·d for
assist:rnce that arises in winte r months the
numlwr of W P.A job was gradua lly increa sed to
l1 1t• 19-!0 penk in :- fa rch . , ':1son:1 l red uction s
t.lwn hroug h t employment clo"·n to l.7 :36, 000
al llw encl of the fiscal y ea r , t h e lowes t .J une
:wcrng<' in WPA histo r)' - (Tabk I of th e appendi x shows t he numbe r of perso n employ ed
on \Y PA proj ec ts, b:' weeks, fr om ,\. ug us L 1935
t h rnug h .Jun e 1940, a n d T ables I1 an d III giYe
st :1\l' cli st 1·ih1 1tions hy sc!C'ctrcl 1wrinds)
T lw g<'Jwrnll_,· lower lc•vcl of WP.\. emplO)'m e11t in th r fi scal ye:H 1940 as compared with
tlw fi . ral _nar t9:39 is :,ttr ihut:1 hlt- to th e small er
apprnpri:ttion mad<' for tl ,c ope r:1.tion of th
prng r:tm in 19-!0 as :1 conseq ucrtc<· of incr easing
p rin1le emp loyment. F l uctuations during the
y1':,r. hmn','<' r. re fl ec t th1• ope r:1t ion of an cmp lo_,·rncnt chcduk plann ed to reduce th e m unlw r o f pe r on ' working in the summ er month s so
that more jobs c:111 be p rovic]c,d in th e 11·intc r
wlH•n ll<'<'d is g rr at est. T h <· unus 11al steepness
of tlw cl<•dine in employm ent clming th e fi rst fc"·
month s nf t h e fisca l yenr \\'as chief!)- t h e r e ult of
the 198~) F.:R .\. .\.c t pro,·isinn \\'hi ch rc'q uirccl t,hnL
all cer tif i<'d worke rs. except vel.er ans . w h o h ad
been <·on tinuou ' ly emplo)·ed on \\~PA p rojects
for IS months or longer mu st be se parn.t.ed from
thL' prng rnm. The act requin' d t h at t h e t.cr-

E~lPLOY.\TEX T

1ni1111tion of :111 work1' rs whosr l ~ 1nonths nf C'lllplo,vmerH lt:td IH'C' ll 1·ompkll'd b_,· t lw hvg inning
of lht' fi ' c:il y<•:1 r lw efl'(·r t l'd Ii~· the t' ncl of .\ugu st. l3 cc:1,11se of l lt t' l11rgc nlllnhcrs or "·orkers
•d l'ccLcd . r<'pl:H'l'mcnl s cou ld nol IH• mnd e as
r:1,piclly as terminations "·en' l'('<jltirl'<l. \\'orker di ·rni ::; ' cd und('I' this prn,·ision \\' (' I'( ' nol
eli gible for · rc<' mplo_ynwnt 1111ti I :rn d,1_v-; nJt l'r
t heir removal :111d until th ey had IH'P n rcccrlifi ccl
as in need of <'mp lo_vml' nL.
.\ Ios l of thl' wol'i~t•rs on \\'P.\ proj(•d s an'
Cl' rlifird 1wrso11 s rdl'ITl'd lo l ll(' WP.\ b~- local
public rclid ,tgc nril's. Al llw 'nrl of ,June
n early 96 pcrCl'lll of tlw workl'rs paid from WP.\
fund s wen' cr rlif·ied 1w1·son s . Tlr <' l1ll'f!,'< ' majoriLy of t ho e who \\' l ' l'l' nol cvrlifi!'d \\'(•n· t' lllp lo,v cl a proj<• c l s upc•rTi sor-; and lh(' 1·1• 111:1ind (·r
were r ngagl'd lo perform s ki lled jobs ll<'C'l'Ssar,v
for proj eel opPr:1 lion s for wh iC'h Cl' rl i fit'd " ·nrkl'r·s
wr re not avaihii>lc in s uffi ci(' lll numlwr-,. Som e
of tlw projec t s upprvi so r·_v workc' rs had ori ginally be en ce rlifiNI as in n ped of Prnpl o~' nwnt

.urn

E .\Ri\' IX(: S

bul Wl'l'l' g in·n non ·t' rlifi c·d s l1llu ,-, wlH' ll liH ·_Y
" '<•n · :1ss ig 11l'd lo upc' n ·isory duti es . Tb e p1 ·rce1il:1 µ:1· of 11·orkl'rs on projc•d s opernl('d by l li t·
\\' P.\ 11·!1 0 :11"<' ce r·tifi1·d ns irr nel'd did no t
ch:111 gt' m11C'l1 durin g l it <' pas t _v1·1ll' . bul. in
::tC'c·on ln nc(' wit h \\'PA reg ulation s. a slight
inc·r<•,1:,;t• o<·c urTl'd in l it e n •lalin' 1n1111ber:,; o r
cerlifil'd wo rk<•r:,; on t he \ \TPA proj r C'l s OJ)l'nlll·d
by ot her l<'l'd<'ra l ngl'nC'il'S. .\ l no lim P sin<·( •
th l' lwginnin g of l11 t· prog mm , how1 ·v<·r . hn,·<·
CC'rlifi l' d pnson s con s lil11t( •cl le:-s than 9-:l percen t
of l h<' l'lllplo~·menl on proje c t · o pernll'd l>y
tlw \VPA .
Sonw ol' t il l' p<'rsons workin g on WPA projpcls
are \\'onwn " ·ho scrTl' rl'g ularly as the <'C onomic
hPads of t l1 Pir families or Ll'111por:1ril~· whil (' l ii l'
us ua l cconomi(' lwad is in ·apa cil:1ll'd or o l l1 ('1'wi -;e 1111 a,·:1ilahl<' for employm ent . .:-los t of
tlw wom<·n workl'l's a rc cmploy <'Cl in se \\·i11 g
room s. on ho11 s(•k<' (' pin g :1i ck proj<'cls, on unih
of t h<' <'dt1<·:1l ion and l'l'C'l '('Ulion prog rnms. or on
clerica l and oth er types of profc:,;s ion:11 nncl

CHART 3

EMPLOYMENT ON WPA PROJECTS *
Through June 1940

MILLIONS
OF PEiRSONS

MILLIONS
OF PERSONS

4

4

I

II
3

3

2

I

I
I 111

I

Q

JA

S

O ND

JF MAM J J A

1935
*

1936

S

OHDJf"MAM

JJ

A SO NO

1937

J

f"MAM

JJ

A SO

HD

Jf"

MAM

1938

Includes pe rsons e mployed on WPA projects opera ted by other Federa l agencies .
~G :.! 13 7 -

I ll-

.t

III

I j I

J J A S O NO

1939

J

f"MAM

11

I
J

JAS

O

HD

Q

1940
WPA 3600

40

l{E l'OJ lT OX PROCR ERS OF THE WPA PHO GRAM
A vER\<,E '\1 , 11H: R oF P1, w,o:-1,-. l~:111 •1,oYED
o:--

\\ '

P .\

P 1w .1En,- A

\\f l ' \ Pnij-

Projec:t s
C)p(•rat(.•d
hy \VJ> .\

1on t h

l'"t~ Oper-

sc1TiC'<' proj cc L . At th e end of .J1111 l' 19-!0 t.h c
women workin g on proj ects OP<'rnt<·d by t he
iVPA numhcn·d a bout 24:3.000 and rcprpsenLecl
sli ghtly rnorl' th an 1.3 pe rcent of tlw total cmplovnwnt. A lt hn11 g li t li <'ir nu mb ers ,,·pn ' about

att•d hY
Other·
Fl'd ml

T A Bl, E

9.-

.\ !!pn e1es

U M B E R ( )le \ \' o~rn N
OPE R ATE D B Y

E~1PI, 0YED

n:-,.- P RO J ECTS

WP A

19%

220. 163
37 1. :317

"220. 11\3

705. lf'itl

705. 1m1

1. l L il.'l/

I. ~11, ~1!',i
2, l,ffi, IHO

B

.\u~u sl
t,eptcrn ber.
oc,obe r
)Jo,·ember
l)pcemher

2. GC.7. !HO

Perc·en1

374. :Hi

Da(e

\ \"orker::.
19S6

Win

2, ~,~,. 73:i
3. 01\l. OU:,

January_.

February.

2. '7!1. 7331

2, 2.~:1. fi22

2,39H, 711..,
:1, 2"-:5, fi'2'2

Jul,

2, '2 I,'), :J2~

2, 24 ,1, :i2,,

2. 3:i2. 3,0

2. 332. 3,11
2. 4,1~. fi(l:{

2. l.r):t fiO:l
2,552, Ai I

2, fi211, :{Iii

2, 5[d, 0--11

2. S.12, ,'li I
2..151. 0-1 1

2, 247. lfil

2. 2-li. Hit

;\l a rtl1 25
June :!-:I
i,ep1 em he r

2, 1:i 1. 07;,,,,

2, 14~l. 3~11

2, 1'2tl, 17fl
2. Oi1'. '.221
2,021. .,i~

2. OiS, 221

l.n3l.20:l

Jul ,·
.\u~ust

:\ t ar h 31
June 30
~eptem he r 20
Deremher 29

Septemher
Octoh,' r
NoYeml,er
December

1. si~. on,

I, .JH2, fiOS

1. !'i0:3. 7'20
1, .1~1fi, fiifl

I, 5Hfi, f,76

Fehruar y ___

2. oin. ,.o

~larch
April
\l ay
June

2. :tJI ..\41

Jul y

2. ~mn. 022
3. 12.\. 213

2..110. jf,4
2,11111, 2-Hi

2. i 13. 02.,

1..103. 720

2.,110. Iii\
2, filO, 2 1ft
2. 74 3, 02.r,

,s. 007

3. 33 1..l!M
3. lfil . o,o

3. 2-11, U.17
3. Ofi!I. 341

!J:.?, fi37
Yl. 739

3. 021. ,\\I.I

2. mm ..5.54
3, !Xl!I. 110
2. 7!12, 362

2. 931, 101

90. IY4

2, !)07, 35f.
2. '120. Ofifi
2. 117\J, Olfi

2. lil.1, :>!iO

2. till!l, ~i !i

June

2, .'l i'-, , f)t\

2. 43S. 1:12

R9. l!I'>
S9. 11·1-l
11 3.:Hr.
135. r,75
13Y. f,()!l

.July

2, '2"'i2, llbti
I, ~liO, 1!~1..,

~4 . Utll

Ill

YO. fi l l

or

!11,01-l

l.'l, lf)'j

GO. H02
fr-I, ~•i;
i 3, ~f(i
1;, IGI
77,542

l, i20, H~IH

I, Sii. 13!1

1. \lfiO, ,r,1-...
2. 12:i. rn

1.04c
Janu ary

February
~larch -April
\lay __ :_.
June

...

17 0

t.

nn.1

--10.'i, f,f;;

13
13
13.
13

;
3

I

,\

:wl. 1--1:!

3,i:?, 7"-1-l

15 1. Oil
333. lifiO

13. Ii
14 .\

14 6
lfi. I

:~,);, Oti2

lfi.(i

'!ll :!ifi

15. 4

.Tu1w HHO con s tit11ll'd
loYl11( '11t lo t:11.

:i

largn

JW l'C' l'lltn.gc

t h P <' 111[

Labor Turnover on WPA Projects

l.9.i9

nerernher

~

100 ,000 less l b:1.11 a _\"l':H cnrlil' r . 11·o nw11 11·orkers

3,213, fi~I
:l. 2Sfi, fit l

\u \,! rn,t
~eptemhe r
Octoher
Novemher

16. b
I "' 2
Ii ;

109, \1:H

:_\ l arch 27
Ju ne 26

I. 80:l. 101
2. 003. ,-10
2. 321 ..1-11

2, ~l\4, 121
3. 0-10. 23fi
:l, t2a ..,n~
1. JH.l, .1fii

Januar~
February
.\lurch _
\pril _
:\ l ay

'l:!3. ~7:1
'!flfi. 3fiq

If,, 4

1940
1. sO:l. 101

\u g us t
Sept em her
Oetoher
:--J"ovcmher
Dec·emher

:3,tt. 63~l

T:-2.0.lb

;\la rch 2U
June 2S
~eptemhe r 27
nerem he r 27 _

1988

January

15. 3
17 2
l o. 7

1939

l,l\:H.20:!
1.,110. R!l I
1, 45 !'1, !Iii

-l!O. 1~3
3h7. 8-11
393. 52.i
:t~2. llfi3

:JJ,j. li\2

:I l a rch 30
June 29
~eptemher 28
Dere mher 2~

2,021. ,'li!I

l. W2, HO.ti

12. I

J,938

2, 12V, Ii!',

1. SHI. X94
I. l!'1!i , Hii

I

J9S7

2,131,071'

2. l!U. :19 1

1. , 7~. no~

:lo

December 30

1987

Januar y
February __
:lfarch
.\ pnl
:\ l ay
June

331J. 7;32
1936

2, %0. :110

2, ~lfiO, 31!'-.
2, !i'2fi, 3fi7
2. 3! 1fi, ;1~

September
OclOlwr
~O \'emher
nere mher

Decembe r 24

3, OHi, OH-...

:\larch
.\pril
:\ l ay
June
. \U l!; USt

of .\II

,umber

2, :?Ill, 3 14

2,:mn. 21-...
2.:Hfl ..Ill
2, 111.114(1
1, !ls!, fiGl

I.

if1,1,

52fi

2. 112. !ii,~ 1
2.2:3 1.•19.I
2, 235, 3Gl
2, Ofll, l!i 2
I,

"~}ri. IH2

1. nm, ..1-;2

n,iw
74, fi23

7,1. \',(I
iH, .1~;,,,,
1..,,1, Ol H
-....'l, Ht,-!

\ I>ata r('presPnt an•r:un•s of week ly emp loymPnt counts m ade durrng
tlw month~.
H \ Yerage for 1:i~, 1tm•t> "Pt>ks.

Th e g- rot1p of 11·orkns (•mplo_\·ed liy t l1 c iYPA
is con s tantly chan g ing. T li nt1 snrnl s of person s
i<' ,l Yl' \YP.\ pro.i<'d S l' :1 (' ! 1 montli . :rnd thou sand s
of o tli <· rs :11'<' :Hided lo l lw prngr:1 111 . 'The
numl w 1· o f diff<,n •nt indiYidunl, (' tnpln_\·ed hy
\YPA nt so nw tinw hl'l11·('t·n tlH' l, q: i11ni 11g of
tlw program and ,Tun <' 10-!() i-c 1·, t imat ed :1t
7.800 ,000 , a lthou gh on !.'· 1 JFi0 .00(1 11·(• re empl oy ed on prnj ec ts at the end of t hi,-. pniod .
B etween ,Ju ly I 0:rn nm! .Jun e I q ..rn . n Yenr in
11·hich \YP.\ t' mplO_\' llWnt declin ed s1ilis ta11ti:1 ll y ,
n1 •nrl~1 700 ,000 1wrson s w l1 0 had ll L'Y<' r bdorc
worke d on th e \Y PA program w er e n.;;sign ed to

..J-1

L \1 PLO, .\IE .\"T .\1\ D E.\ HJ\ J NGS

CHART 4
proj rd johs. Durin g lh e s ri mr
IN EMPLOYMENT
SEPARATIONS
AND
ASSIG NMENTS
pe riod l:ngl' 1n1mlwr:- of formt' r
•
PROJECTS
WPA
ON
,YPA Pmployl'es 11·ho lwd lef t
July 1938 - June 1940
THOU SANDS
THOUSANDS
l hr program fo r priYnl e t•rnplo: or WORKERS
or WC':fK ERS
600
600
rn c n to r hcr11 sr p:1 r:1 tee! for o t ht•r
ASS IGNMENT S
rraso ns \\·err re:1ssig 11cd lo proj 400
400
ec t jobs. Rc:1ssig- nm t· nt s, 11·hid1
200
200
ra ng<'d bet \\' l'l' ll l 00 .000 ,llld
:rno.ooo per month (see C h,lr(
o~ _ __:::=i:::._ -=:::::=~~~~_L.........:..::::==-- - - ' o
-t), totaled nc:1 rl.v 2,:f ,,> ,000 dur800
in g th e 12- mont h pl' riod. :-;onw
600
600
pe r-o n , h 11·c1·(•r. 11·t· 1T rt•,1:--sig nr cl rno1 T t h:in o nc e durin~·
400
400
th e :·<•:ir, fo ll owin g brief pt•riod :-of te mpor,iry p ri1·,1 lt' cmplo:·200
200
mcnl or of scpnr:1lion for ot lwr
rC,l SOII S.
1940
1939
1938
e p:1rati ons from t h e \\' P.\
prog r:im , rang in g from ,il >o 11t
• Includes persons employed on WPA proJect.s operated by other F"edera l asencles.
200,000 to 00 ,000 per month .
.\ug us l. .\f tcr Septe 1nh er 1, rn:rn. l lw numb er
lola lt'tl o ,·er :3,8:j() ,000 for tlw _l'l':11· . .\ppn ,xi o r worke rs sc panil cd in :icconl:llll'l' 11·i l11 t h '
p,1;;e
mat cly 1,J.-0,000 of lh esl' ,1·t•n· n>lunl:Hy
l8- rno11tlt prn vis ioll d l'C' lin ed C'Oll s id c r,ilJl)· , loln lrnlion s, m ost o f which ll'l'rt' m:id e in o rtl l' r lo
o nly a bou t 2.)7,000 in tlH· t'o11r n1011th s from
ing
arce pt l cmponu:· or 1wrm,111t•n t johs in pri,·:1tt•
rnb e r ll1rn11 g h Dt•<·t•rnh <' r l \l:rn :u1d 2on,ooo
St·pte
indu s try bul so nw of l hern 1nTt' for ,-uc h n •:1,-nn s
s ix mont hs from Jalluan· l hr011 gh .Jun{'
lw
t
ill
as n t• 11· source of inc o m e, ill ness. or inju rT. Th e
11·l·t·11
hl't
1940 .
nu rn h e r o f ,,o[un tm·y svpnrn li o ns varit ·d
,Yo rkers ,li smi ssecl under tlH · \S-mo ll th p1·0Y i64,000 and \-! ,000 cnc h mont l1 , n•llt•eting for
\l' (• rc made illdi g ihk for \\. P.\ l' lllployllll'llt
-ion
th e mos t pa rt chnnges in pri1·:1t t· t•mp lo:' llll'nt
len sl :30 tl:lys; at th e e nd of that period
al
r
fo
conditi ons. In th e li sc,11 y e,w \\) .!() t lw r:1te of
t h e)' mig b l be r ece rtified if s ti ll in nt•l'd . Th.it
vo lunl :uy , epar:ili on s (sepnration s duri ng l hc
a cO ll Si<ll'rnhle numlw r of Uw 11·or kns d is m issl'd
month as p erc l' nl of ernploym l' tll al the hl'gi nund e r t hi s provi s io n 11·L· 1·(• s uhSl'(jltt•nlh· renin g of lh c monl h) rang-t•l l hl'l 1n'en 3 anll 7
nssig ned to \YPA jobs is indic:il<·d b:· t he' res ult :-pcrrenl nnd aYern gecl approxim:1lel:· the s:1 me
of :1 s ur vey con du c ted in 2:3 larg(' citic•s. ~J on·
as in lhc precl'din g year . Tlr L' hig h ·st rntes
t h,rn ,1 s ixth of t lil' 7 ':1, 000 11·o rkt•r;; di smi ssl' cl i11
(:-;ee
OCC UITc·d in Seplt'rnber :rnd Octohl'r UJ:39.
t hese cities in ,Jul y :1nd A11 ~ 11 st I 0:39 11 l'J'('
T a ble I 0 .)
intl'n ·it' Wt•.cl in SPple mb er and .\o Ye mlwr I \):1\l
T IH' lola l YOlume o f turnon•r i11 t lw 12 rno 11l l1 s
:rn d l◄\• hru ,1ry Hl-!O. Th l' first i11tl'n·ic•11·, m :idc·
endin g with ,Tu nt' 19•-Hl w:1 s gT(':1l l:· in ll11 t' 1\ Cl'd
t hree 01· four ,1-l'<'ks ,11'lc·r tlw 11·ork e r,- Ji.tel ht·cn
by t he pro,·ision of the EH .\. .\ rt of l 9:39, 1d1iC' li
lermin:tll'cl , incliC':lled lhal Ollly .S pnce nl had
requirt' d l h l' di s mi s~al of nil c· t·rtitied 1rnrkt•1·s,
fo untl pri vate ' mploynwlll. 13:· .\ on•mbcr,
xccpl 1· eter:1n s, who h,1d ht·t·n cont inuous ly
about 27 perc c11t hacl been rc':1ss ign e1 l to \\' PA
employ ed on t h e prngra m for l month s or
johs nnd 1:3 pe 1-c(•nl li n, l oht,1inc·d l' mploymcnl
longer. Appro:-.imnl l' ly a t hird of t he \\·o rkt'r:'.
in prin1t c illdu s lr:· · Sc1 rce ly :rny more of t h e
employe d o n iYPA prnj eC' ts at t h e lwginni 11g of
di s m issetl worke rs h ad . cc1 m ·d pri 1·:1 le emJuly l 939 had been co nlinuowly l'rnployl'd
p lo)'nwn t by t l1 e t im e the la s t intc·1Ti e w w,1 s
under llic progrnm for l rnontl1 sor mor e. Th<'
rn:1dP in Felm rnr.r J 9-40 , h ul ::,4 JH' t-ct• nt of tl1 cm
Lalulo ry proYi . ion 1rn1clc it llt'C't'ss:1n· to t(· rn1ih:H I h l't'n r<':1 -s ig-1wcl to \YPA .
na Le t he e work er s by Au g1 1sl :3 l . ( 'rni s<•Th e 1·o li1m c of lurnon• 1·, rl'fl (•<·tillg 1,·idt'
qucn ll:·, nt'a rl)· 7, 3.000 \Y P.\. 1rnrker s 11 t•r(•
flt1ct11:1tion s in tol:d \\' P.\ e mplo:· nH•11t :is 11·dl
C'p:n:ll<•d from pro jeC't jo bs dmin!£ .ful.1· :Ille!

I

.J:2

HEPORT ON' PROGRESS OF THE "\VP A PROGRAM
TABLE

10.

Xl"\ IBER OF PER s0:-1,; , \ SS I GNED TO A:\'D flEP .\R \TED FROM E111PLOn1ENT 01'

\YP A

PROJECTS A

Co-.;Tt;'\E~T\J. l,7".;\iTl-.:P ~T \TE S

~[o,·t 1tl. Y,

J l"L Y 19:3,

r,

,i-: 1940

--SC'parat ions

_\. s..; 1g n1ncnts

.H atl:' of .::ir-para-

tious (Percent) a
~( onth

lmti al
Total

·1ssi~ n-

nwnts

--

Ht•a:-.sign-

Total

ments

llise harges and layoffs

R ate of
Assign-

11 •month

ments
(Perce nt) H

\ "olun•
tary r
T otal

pronsion

°

Total

Other

, ,,.olunLary

------------------

- -

19-il>

Jul y

L17. 170
1"2, tii.,

31 1, 3!)S

:m,. \152
'2i1), °-I-Hi
327. 01,fi
Hit, 774
97, 051i

\.u gu.._l

~epternhe r
Ottohl'r
:"\un.•rnht·r
l)r•c·r111hn

11\1, 430
1iU. 1173
lit, .~ jl

29. 703

!li l,3%
116,031
127. -!Iii
117, -112

Hi3. U!l2
Hll. 19,1
227, .... 2:.'!
:!12, ,21

!J!I, 903
ffi. 35:i

237,b12
2~H. l •tn

I Ii, i99
137 . 2iH
172, - I
l fi7.%!l
14i;_ rn2
I 1.5, 47b

15. 203
fi3,9 rn
,5!',, 2-ll
,14. bl!
9 1, 620

45, 2G3
53, om
55. 241
.)4, b4I
91, li20

178. 61i~

178. GGl-1

112. 554
, 5, -!ifi
112, 7 7

11. 4

10. ;

5. 9

9. 0
10. 5
5. l
3. l

6
i. 4
6. 8
7. 4
9. 3

11 2,554
S5, 47H
112, 787
21fi , b4,5
15Y. !>iii
122. 73;)

3. 7
8. 4
6. I
4. 0

7. 3
ti. 3
8 ..5
II. g

5. 0

IQ. 5
9. I

ll i6. 357
fl~. fi9b
36. 513

5. 4
H .G
23 0
20. 5
18. 2
15. 7

4. 3
4. 7
5.
5. 1
4. 5
3. 7

(i

/989

January

110,301

F ehrunr)

\[areh

23U. 754
177. 477

\ pril
\l.ly

111. <J3b
1:l!l. 592
13!1, .571

July
.\ ue:ust

1:31. ffitl
:W2.Ml'i

nctohn
~o\·t~rnlwr
DN't.•mlwr

21.1 , 87fi

l03. 322

OGti
a:J1
489
f\30
n .1

120, t18b
llll i. 946
'5,449

ISO. 183
24G. 3 14
340, 427

133, 527
123. ,582

t~~. 9G2
107. 79H

27 .5. -42-t
22.\ PO-t

115. ;4:-,,

103. Jf,\I

122. 73.5

2!1,
"-;;\
Ill,>.
,>4,

,50\J
.577
9111
230

!Oti,

-till

14S. 394
104, 205

337,431

207. 320
~lS, 287

48 5. 82.~
7~1. li33

n1. -tu~
fi,". 2fi.5

15:~

3G, H64

Tune

Septt' mhC'r

73. 63 7

I 19,
;o.
29.
31.
a1.

404.
3 19,
32\1,
:30:l.

1,,
15 1
13\1
34b

Ft•hrua"ry
~l arC'h
.\pril
'\ l ay

:t11,
2f,~l.
20[),
1fifi.
Iii.\,
101),

857
78H
003
1-1:~
OHi
9!-11

ltinr

"',:'i,

117,937
HJ, 07H

2!1, 939
2~. (ifi2

12. 343

21t\, 84,)
1,1H. r,7n

F1SO. -42~
122.~17

230. 94r,

2<J l. 924

10s. omi

2-13. 821

113,034

129. UOI

2Hi. 9-t 1

197,473
!S5, 94,5

79, 2~-t

23:,, 0 ·3

(14,4 00

I lb, lb9
121. M.5

2-Hi. 702
191. 8,12
1.511, 727

213, ,m,

79, 07"

204. :,._37
:!~12, 73-t

J3f,, RO-I
130. :H~
94, fi44

33~. r,20
30 1,292
~ii'. 742

71. 999
94, 9li:!
104. 35,

,~w
J:1nuarv

u4. 707

11/i ,

7t...;{)

"l. 'i".i

134, 730
129, 838
IHI, 771
2:H. 2G2
201.512
~l:l,9t17

171. 07 I
Ill I , 73:i

\6. 3fi4
63. b2ll
5fi. 92,,

.iO, 721i
49, G02
-t "'. 220
1:J. bl7
39,021
11. mg
',, 501

lifi,

lfii

1)2, 2fi-l

70, 19
h5, 120

,1. 6 18
1.53, 954
ltlS. 2-il
IUIJ. 343

2-"'· 3Hf;

5. G

15. 5
11. 5
8. 9
7. 6

; _n
5. Ii

lU. S

39. 2
13. I
14. 3
10. 9
9. 6

3. 5
3. 3

4. 6
4. 3
4. 4

4. 1
6. U
15. 2
6. I

10. 0
9. I
12 . 7

6.;

4. 4
3. 3

1:l. 5

3. 7
3. 3
4. 2
4. 8

14 9
19. 8

4. 7
4. 3

'Pri111 to .Jan u a r y 19-10 d at:1 do not 1rn:lud1 nonn •lid PmploymL•nl
l>ala fn r workers l'lllpio)ed on \\· P.\ project s operated by other Pederal
32'eDC'il".: :1r1• nol inC'luded prinr to Se ptPmhrr HI:~'-..
n PPrc·l'nt (If 1ot3l employ nw nt at h('gmninc of month.
' Inrlwlt- -.; ""Parat ions mnd1~ for surh rra~ons :1-.; new source ... of inronw. death, or illnr~s. as well a!-- ~c p ara ti n ns of per ~o n ~ leaYing fo r prl\·at e
1

e mployment.
r> SPpnrated in nccord an cl' ,vitb ,cct1 on 16

(IJ) o f th e EH\ .\. ct of

w:iv

as tlw effrct s of t hr legisla tiYr proYis ion concernin g d11rntion of cont i1111011 s l'mploymrnl.,
\\·as gn',1lcr in rrlntion lo lhl' 11·\-p] of ('mplo)-CHART 5

RATE OF ASSIGNMENTS AND SEPARATIONS
ON WPA PROJECTS •
July 1 938 · June 1940
PERCENT•~

40

,.,I

:\
> \
>,

30

>
>
>

,

SEPARATIONS ....._ /

,,,,.,... ............../

10

1938

,

I

,

>

>

>

>

,

>

20

>
I

I

>

/

/

1939

• lnelud- P9r'90RS employed on WPA Pf"O}octa operated by other f'ederal aaencl• • Percent of tot.I employment at beslnnlna of month.

req u1rin !,! :-.epara t io n af li.-' I eo nt1nuou ~ \\. J' A emplo, nu.: nt nf lb month s.

m ent in t he year endi ng .Jun e lrl.JcO t h an in t h e
preceding .vear . This 1s indicated by th e
monthly nccession ancl epar,1t ion rrttes s ho\nl
in C h a rt.'). Duringt lwfi ca lyear
1939, se paration rnt,cs r anged
from
6 to 12 per · nl of employIN EMPLOYMENT
ment ,tt th e hcginnin g of t b.
month, " ·lwrc:is in 19-!0 th e lo"~PERCENT••
40
t'st rat e reco rd ed for an_v month
1\·as 9 pcrc r nt and t he high est 39
1w rc r n l. The maxi mum of 39
30
percent occu 1Ted in .\. ugu t 1939
1vhen t lw large numb e rs of \V PA
1\·orke rs who had het'n employed
co ntinuou sly for 18 mont bs or
morl' ll"l' rl' i><'i ng term in a tecl.
Ass ignment mt s hnd rangecl
hl't11·et'll :3 and I l pcrcrnt in tb e
fi ca l year l 9;39 as compared
with a Yariation of frnm 5 to 23
1940
percent during 1910 ; t h high est
1·:1tC' rcrlect th e large numhrr of

43

E M P LOYl\I ENT AND E .\ RN l NGS

fl " ig nm ,n t. m:1d r ;n Sc p l mb<'r 1939 lo r •pl ::ic c
\VOrk l'l'S di mi scd u1 :1cc·orclan cc wi t h the
n1::mcla lo ry tr rminn lio n pr o \'l ' IOll .

Employment on WPA Projects Operated by
Other Federal Agenc ies
1\l ost \Y PA wor ker
wer e e mploy ed on
proj ec t o pernLe<l by Lhe \YPA cluring lL e 1940
ti cal y •:n, but a. few, r epresen t ing- fro m 2 Lo 5
T AB LE

p er cen t of Lhc total , wen• assig ned lo proj cd s
o perat ed by o Lhc r Fed L'r:11 :lg-L·n c ies wit h t rn nsferreLl \ \'PA fund s. Les than 65,000 \1·orkl•rs
1\·e 1·c employe d o n proj L'cLs o pc 1·al ed b,r ot her
F ed eral a genc ies clming- .Jul y , 'i..u g us t, a nd Septe mb er 1939. .During t h e n ext sev en mo n t h.nn• t·agl' employm en l on Llw sc projc ·ts ll uc tu:1t ed ,u o und 75,000 , :wd lluring :-lu _
,. a nd Ju ne
1940 it r e, ch ccl n.pprox imaLcly 8-5, 000 . Th e
a.v na gc for t h year ending ,I une 19-1 0 \\·as
abo ut 73 ,000 wor ker s .

11 . - A VER ACTE X UJ\IBER Of<' P E HS ONS E) I PLO YED ON WPA P RO J ECT R, B Y A , ENC Y A

1nu

1940

~l arch
•r ota! .
" ·ork P rojects Adminis Lr9ti on _________ ____ __ ____ ___ ____ _
r her Federnl agencies
D epartm ent of •\ gricu l tu r ....

Agricul tural A dj us tment Admirns1ra1ion ____ _____ _
Bu reau of A~ric ulturn l Econo mics
·· -·-------

Agr icultural lllarke ting Sen ·ice .... _----· ··------Bureau of En tomology and P lant Quara nti ne __ ___ __

2, 578, 04 1

I , 720,990

2, !Zl, 13 1

2, 13X, 43~

1,656.111'1

2. 0.,15, ~89

139,609

6-t , 9ii

77, :)4 2

47 , 495

20, 769

182

106

14 , 022
13. 468
425

F ores t S rv ice _. . . ·· -·· --- -- · --·-··-- - -- ··- -- · -- _-· -·
B ureau of H orne E conomics ... .. .. .... .... ... -- ---

N'a t ional Agricultural Research Center ______ ___ __
R u ral E lectrifieation .\ drninistration ...... -- -----

909
243
. 24 6

Soi l Co nsen ·a tion Scn ,. ice .
__________ _
1Vea ther B ureau
-- ·· -- ---------------------

Ju ne

2,3 10,541

I , 755, 52n

~2 . 6i fi

2:l, 654

2\1, '<bl

105
25

103
185
4
5. 799
9. 233

12, !132

'26,5
5i4

252
.i:lh

209

2(hl
,\8flf"1

--------2, 2:l.\ 36 1

9\J

:~1,
2lfi
9,3W

7, .52
6, 555
153
65\l
2 11
5, 170
63

5,276
7. 158
211
592
199
\l, 115 1
59

35

34

7, .597

10,300

JO. 584

I , 039
19

I, 16~

J, 148

I , ~4i

284

475
93
47
7, 341

-;();)
!!Ml

7, 2 16

66

D e partment of Co mmerce :

Coast and Geodeti c Survey
E xecuth-e Office of the Preside nt :
X a tional Resou rces Pla nning l3oard

8

,5 1
21 . '.!!lS

D e partm ent or the I nterior · - · ·

l3 urca u of Biological Survey ___ ____ ______ _

---- -

2,631
642

Bu rc-au or Fishcries·--------·-- ·- --•----

Offi ce of lndian Affairs .. . ··-· -· ·· · ····
General Land Offi ce " ·· · ·--- ·--·· · - ···•--

:Ji
6, I 9

76
52
7, 463

105

381

2 1h

293

I. 152

1. 1199

I. 14,;

I, 719
116

I, 6.5 1
4G

2, 182
12 1

1, 7 4
130

2. 171\
12:{

19 138

IO. 567

11. 95 1

10. S<H

l(J , d fi,...,

701

3f,1

409

3&1

;tJ•I

! , G43

fiti3

4p:,s

16,035

National Park Serv ice .·---- ··- - -- - --·- - ··---• _ --------·- - ----B ~n.•au of Rec lam ati on

T erritories a nd l slao<I P ossessions:
Alask a R ailroad ........... __ ___ __ ____ ___.. _
Alask a R ond Corn rn1ssion . ________ ____ ___

345

Alas ka-m iscellaneous _______ __________ _

284

Vi rgin Islands . .. . _____ __.. . . .... __ _.. .

1, 3fil

IU.l

8, i S:)
li~

2.,

Depart ment or Jus tice:
Bureau of Prisons

222

--· - -· ---· -·- ---· - ---------

D epartment of L a bor :
Bureau of Labor Stati5tics __ ___ ______ _____ _
Li bra ry or ongscss_ _ ··· · - · ·--- ··--·· · · ·••D epart men t or th e Na ,-y:
Burea u 31 Yards a nd D ocks -----· · - · -··· -- ····
Federal Security .\ gc ncy :
Offi ce or Ed uca tion -•• --· ---·· ·· ····· ·· ·--········------------ -- ·· · · ·· ·-Departm ent of t he T reasury __ __ ____________ _
U .S. roast Guard

___ ___

Bu reau o r I nternal RC>vcnur

__ __ _______
·---.

3,032

... . ..... .. ...... .

38 1
1,36
I. 81.5

__ ----·---- - ··--·- - --

Offirr or the Ser rr tary (D i\'ision of '!'a x Hrs,•arch) ·· ·· ·· --· ··--· - ··-V t ra os' _\ dmi nis tration _ ____ _

War De part rn r· nt

\l3t,

Quartermas ter C'orps.
A

Data repres ent a verages nr weekly employment count s made duri n~ the months.

I

13:S
I, 4:JO ,

165
1, 478

- _ 178 1---·i~.5

153

2r,o

flfii

I, 25i

I. 2.19

l. f. l:!

44 , ~i i

21. i i\!

26,969

2f>, !J2 1

'J7. !")!Iii

I. 979
42, 98

l, 53,

20, ! ~I

1.020
2.5, 949

:11~
2.\ 580

26, 4 l fi

=-=

Corps of Eo~incers ---•--

I, 5r,:1

- -- - -

I, 1.50

8
P ublic land im·cnt ory projects operated by the X a t ional Resources Pla nning Board or the E,rcu t h·c O0ke of thr P residen t wit h 1038 .\ et fu nd s
were continued with 1939 AcLfu nds originall y allocated to the Na t i nal Rcsou rce5 P lannin g Bonn i a nd su bsequent ly tmnsferre,I to the cncrel L a ud
Office or the Department ol the In te rior.

44

REPORT OX PROGHEs ·· OF T HE '\\'P.-1. PROGR.\ ;\ I

Thl' largl', l portion of lll(' workc'rs e mployed
on \YPA projects opernlL• d hy othl'l' F<·d!'r:il
ag-c n cies clming .Tun e 19-!0 "er!' l' llg':tg ·d in work
for tlll' Qu arlenna ll'l' Cor ps of lhe \Var D <'pnrlmenl. This agency empl oyed nea rly :2G,::i00
persons on projt•C'ls for the gen eral improvemC'nt of army posts . forts. s ta t io n , ancl nirffrlds.
.\.hout l:2.900 persons \\'!'re \rnrking on projects
opl'rnlPcl h:· the Fon•sl Servic1' of lhe Dcpnrlnwnl of .\.grieu llun· for l lH• con servation :111d
impron'nwnt of for est and r a nge areas and for
U11· <ll'n'lopnwnl of reen•ut ionul ureas :rncl fneili ti!'s. Approxi m:1ld)' 10 ,500 workers wer e e mplo_vl'd on prnj ee ts of th e Bmeau of Yanls and
Dock s of the ::-;:wy D cp:1rtment that \1·pre
1md erlaken to improYc na\· nl and air bnse
l':t C' iliti es :mcl lo d e,·<•lop a s 11hmarin e base.
W PA projects of on !)· tl1ree olbcr F ed ernl
a,g-c· iwi <'S \l'L'l'l' <'mplo~·in g more than .j, ()()()
1wrsons- the Soil C'o nse 1T:1lio n Service a ncl the
Blll'enu of Entc,molog.Y ,rn<l Plant t)unrnntin e
of the D ep:wtmenl of "\.gTiculture, and t h e
~:1ti o nal Park SeHici> of tlw D L'pa.rtml• nt of
Int er ior. The projed s of t lw Agri c ullurl' bun'nus \l.l'r e concernecl \1·it h th<• co nsc r v:,tion of
so il n1Hl moi s tu re t hr0t1g h lnml tlrninage and
1•rosion eon t r ol nwas1 ll'L' ' and wi lh th e pre\ ' <' ll lion, contro l, and enidi cat ion of Y:uious
plant clisenses :1ncl anirn:1 l 1wsls. T lw chief
project \\'Ork of th e ~ntional Park Sen ·ice 11·as
th e ckn, lop m cnl of public r ecreationa l :wcas.
(Sec T ahle \ rI of tlH' a,ppt• 1Hli x for s tal e di stributions o f c mployml'n t on \YPA proj ec ts operated hy ol h l'I' Fedcnil :1,gcncies. )

TABl, E 1:2. -:\' u~, BE:R OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON PROJ ECT e- OrER .\TED BY \\' P .\ , BY TY PE OF P RO JE CT

J t·-.:1!:. '.!h , 19-:10

Number

Type of Proj\'.'Ct

or P ersons Percent

- -- - - - - - - - -- - - -

Total

... .............. . ......

lligbw.ays. roods. ancl streets

I

___ _____________ __

Primary roads____________

____________ _

;~'.,';(}~·:Ja~~:~:_n_~ ~.t'.~e.r_ ~==~~~~~~ -~o~~~::

5. l
1 .6
10. 8
8.0

113. 952

9. l

19.029
94,923

3. I

...... . ....... •-

R ecrratl1mal farihties. excl uding hui lclin~s_____ _
~ewe r sy':"-tl'Ill ~ nnd other uuht1l•s ________ ___ ___ _

\\·:ner pw1firution and: :-- upply __________ _

Sf'wae:t~ ('Olll'ct ion and disposal

______ _

6. 0

= =- - 90. 22-1

[). i

157,921

10. 0

33. 0.,9

I

2. 1
6. 3
I. 6

Otlwr. .................... __ .......... _

99. 9 17
21. 91:i

.\ir ports nod airways _ ____ __________________ _

22, 17 l

ronsl'n·:-1 tioo ________________________________ _

I=
2. 5
39. 578

La nd and water conse rvation ____________ _

I. 4

I

23. 2.1.;

rn. 333

Other

I

I. 5
1.

o

2L 067

I. 5

199, 214

25. 2

Community sernce. _____________ ____ ______ _

109,29 1

6.

Ecluca uuo _________________________ _
Rrcrea t ion. ___ ________________ _______ _
Lihrnry ______________________________ _

26. R90
36,336
21. 6i3
6. 281
5. 499
9. 304
3. 30

0. 4
0.3
0. 6
0. 2

Resrn rc:h and rrconls ___ ___ ____ _________ ____ _

i4, 6-13

4. i

Rt•:.:.t•a rc-h :-ind sun·e:rs. ___ ________ _____
Puhlic record ,;; ___
_ ____________ ___ _
Historical records sun·ey _____________ _

3Q, 72
2K 439
i, 332

1.8
0. 5

~l u,;,;eu,n ____________________________ _

.\rt

.......... - .................. .

:\Ius 1c _____________________________ _

\\-riling _____________ - - --------- - -------

Pui>he health and hospital work

Produ,·l ion .....

___________ _

B ousekt •t• pingairlr ___ . ___________ _
H ousehold workers' trnining
School lunchrs __ ______ ___
_____ _
Other ___________________ _
:\ f i:-- ,•1 •lb1rwc)ll'

A \1·ide dinrsily of :1cti\·itiL'S is ty pi ca l of th e
projects operalNl by tlw 'IYPA- a dive rsity
1d1ich renecls in parl t lw differences in co mmunity n eeds for Yarious kinds of public impro\·cments and sen ·ic-es nnd in parl lhc Y:Hinlion in
t lw oc·cupalionn l ahi liti1·s :rncl trai ning of workl'rs
eligible l'or \YPA employment in thosl' cornmu 111t1es. AcliYilies i11 t h e l'O ns tniction field preclominall', ho\\'e\·er . and pro\·idl' a l:1rge m:ljority of lhc project johs.
Three out of eve ry l'our \\'P"\. work<·rs l' lltployed on projects opl'r:ltl'd by the \\'PA at tllC'
<•11tl of .J unc 19-!0 were working on con lruction
projprls. Tht> largc•st portio11 of this grou p of

-t2 !i

,o. 827

---------------- -- ------- --- --1

Erlucatioo al ___________ ________________ _

Other

100. 0

I=

'.!91. l !i2
171. 21!.I
126. 8.38

Other . .... ............................... .

Public huiltlings

fi73.036

J

ni,1 rih111i on of surplu._ commnditirs ___ __

Employment on Different Kinds of Projects

I

1---

1,583.242

l.i
2. 3
I. 3

2. 4

1 IO, 3G7

7. 0

97,? 0

6. 2

10. 93 1
13,555
26, i27

0. i

0. 8

94

I. 7
0. 1

23,539
21. fi31

I. 4

7, G33

0. 5

33. OiG

2. 1

1.5

\1·orkc r-- \1·<·n' emp lo)·ed on h igh \I'll ) ' . road , and
st1T<'t projects. wmking main ly on secon cla r~a ncl fr<'< l<•r roads and on s tree ts :incl alley s;
:1hnut n, :3.000 P<'rsons. or -!2. 5 perc e nt of t h e
tot:11 \\'P.\. pro.i t'd l' m plo.,Tl' l'S. \\·er e engaged on
ro:1d or stn·et \1·ork :1l t il l' encl o f th e fi sc nl y enr.
_\.n ot hn b rgl' gTo up of 1rnrkl'r s- alrnos l i.- , ,000 ,
\\·ho m :1dl' up a tenth of t lw tot:1 1- wer c 'lllplo.n< l on projects for l ite constructio n or irn prnn'nwnt o f se 11·l• r sy s t em ' , wate r pu1·ific:1tio n
:rnd .o.u ppl:· systl' rn s. and ot h er public uti lities .
The majority nf thesl' cmploycl'S wer e 1\·orki ng
on prnjl'ct,., for t \w ext<' nsion a nd i mprn\·<·men t

E,\JPLO\ \ IE'\1
of sc' ,rngr r oll PC'tion nncl clisposn l f:1C"iliti< ·"·
~ l':l 1·l_y n-. m:111~· 11 orker" ( 1-1 -U)O() ) 11·cn· c·11g:tgPcl
in t lw c-011 st rudio 11 of public huilcl i11gs; :1 t hird <lf
Lh<'l11 ,,.l' I"(' ,1 orki 11 g o n sc hoo ls nncl ot lH•1· l'd1 1c:1 l io rrnl buildin gs, :ind tlw rT nrnindl'I' on L"l'l"l"c': 1tio nnl, :1dmiuist r:1tin·. :rncl ot ii l'r kin ds of p11hli<"
h11i ldi11 gs. ..\ bout fHl,000 ,1·ork c·r:- l1:1d jobs 011
projl'l'I S for t lu• dl'n·lopnwnt of parks :rnd ot h1·r
rc'nl·ntion:11 l:wi liti<•s. Kc•:wh· -Hl.000 1n• n · l'n gnged in c-011:--t'lT:,tion ncti,·itic•-- dirl'Cll'd chi ell_,
to ,, nnls reductio n of soil t•rosion nnd wnt('I'
l'O i1 S(' 1Tntion . ..\ bout :2"± ,000 pl'l'son s ,,·L' rl' l' ngagL'd on snnit:1tio n proj ects includin g clrni11:1 gc
impron•ment :rnd mnl:Hi:1 co ntrol work, 22, 00 0
1n' n ' 11·orking on I Ill' co ns ll"llction nnd impnwl' ment of :1irporls and :1irn·:1 _Y:-, nncl :3:3,000 011
miSCl'll nneou s co ns tl"lll'lion projects i1n-oh·in g
en 'r:,I cliffnent types of work or on projc·cl s
not l'lse11·lwrl' cbssi fi l'd .
01w \Y P .. \ worker in e,·ery fo11r ,1·:i:::: c•mp lo~·<·d
on profr siona l or se rTi u prnjl•cl s ,,·hi clt prnYidecl npnrl~- '±00,000 johs. \\"(• lf:He pm jt•c·ls ,
st,,ff<'cl nrni nly h)· wonwn. c•mployed mon• lh :rn
:200.000 person s. Of llwsv pl'rso ns l I 0 ,000 11·<• re
11·o rking in s<• ,1·ing rooms , :1rn l th e r·t•m it i11d('I'
.:;ern•cl n.:; hnu sl'kl'l'j)ing aid l's. :1 ssislvd in lll'.i ltli
work, concl uclC'd h o usehold work ers ' t rnining
cla es . prl'pa. red and se1Tecl school lunc iws,
11·o rkt•d on lurniture- o r toy-m ending :rncl C":1 n11ing proj t•cts. o r i1, id r d in the· cli st r·ibution of
,;; urplu s cmnrnodities. AnollH' r gro up o f more
T 1RLE

13.

PER( 'E '.\" 'l'IC:E

D1 ,-;'1' JllK

'l'JON

-L3

\'\l l l•: \H'\l:S:<: :::,

Drill i n g

to

dynam ite ho les in to lim esto n e prepara t o ry
l eve lin g for a land i~g fi e ld

tl1a11 I 00,000 persons we re at work on cornm1mily
s<•n·rn· prnjl'l"ls, :rnw11g wlri 1, are cdu (·:1lio11 .
rt'("l"l',tl ion, lilir:tr_v , :tnd muse1 11n projl'('l S 1111cl
the sLa te ar"Ls prog r;tm . Til l' remainckr 1if tl1 <'
llOlll"On struction work ers W(•re l'ng;.-1,g l'cl cliil'fly
in va ri o us t_vpl'S of' research ,1,ml s urvl'.VS :tnd
wo rk on pulili c reeo rds .
The r elative 11wnbc r of persons em pl o_\Tecl 0 11
t he rnrious t:vpes o f pro jects hns s l1iftecl duri11g
t ltc period of WP ..\ o pera. t.ions . In t lte en rli Pr
yeMs of the prog n,m t lll' pe1-ecnt:1gc of ,1·orkers
employed 0 11 road :1 11d s treet. ,,·o rk inere:1sed ,

OF P E 1< ,;( 1:-,,',; i-:~1l' LOYED ON
T Y P1•: ov PR oJt: <·T

PRO.Jls ( "'rn 0l'ER A1'ED

HY

\\"P .\ ,

BY

l\1 1 .JOR

8EltCTED P E t{ IOl>S, ,\ ] \ RC' ll H)3fi-Jt::'\'E 1911)

"\ l ard1
JH:~li \

llkl II

Total
fT ig:hwa~ :::;, road:--. :.md ~t n •,•ts

Puhlie hui ldinc:-

;\ l a rl'h

rn:r; ,

·'t' \\ L' r ~YS ll'lll'- and '1 1lw r ul ill! u.,:::;
. \. irport S and ai rw ays

llkl 11

llkl 11

7

.u. 0

tt '.!

\

,"1

7. I)
-.;_ h
Ill s
I. :l

I ;
;,_,i

l':ianitr11io11

:.! ti

Communit, '-i1·rY1tt.•
Rt•~rn rc-h al1ci n•tnrds
\\-p lfnr<' , 1•,dudinc H'W in ;:
Otlwr

.l. 0
2 I

11111
:J fl

n ti

to

llW lnsl hair nr l ht• Jll(Jllt h

Ju11t• :?I,
1H:{~1

~t'plt'lll-

I )(.'(·t•m-

hrr 2i,

hC'r :2~.

HMI . ll

ltHI II

IH '{H

1n:w

\IHI . 0

..\.C art"l1 :!i. Ju,w :.!Ii,
IU~II

19111

llkl II

llHl. 0

=1====
1--t ii
, -..,

'I . 0I
Ill. I

t ....

I I
I \I

:{ l

'.! I

!J
'.! ....

!3 7
, 0

l,f. Ii

li.l

.-1.:{

10. I
I I
3 0

to Ii
l ll
:\ \I

I 7

:!:! ti

21 .l

I fi

I '

7 I

12 :1
H I

1 Ii

·I=

2 1 !I

fi

I :l
7 I
I .i

Ill .i

:i '

11 1

I II
I q

' Data apply

19:3u

],i.

Consprn 1tion

:-i('\\Jl1{!

w:~'I

llML II

-.., tl
Ill :l

Recreallcm::il 1ac-1l1tws. e,l'i ud 1ng buildings

.:\ l arch :{O. _\ l a rch :22.

nq

I I

I;

'2 I

8 ~ot tom parnhl1• \\ ith lall'r pniod " "ilH'f' 1111s1•4• ll:t1lt'o1ts !!ro11p for \I ,1n·h Jt1:J,i 1m·ludt'"' c•p r tain I y pPs or wo rk "hid1 ha,,• suhs1•q11t'1ll l y h1•1•11 in elt1d l'd
l1t1dpr prnff'~sional nnd <::t> n irt.' projpc·ts

HBl'OHT OJ'\ J'HO URESS OF THE '.VPA PROG R AM

:1 It hong h it h:is v:1rir<i 0 11 ly s l ig l I t l_Y ,;i nee the
begi1111ing of 19 38. Grenier e rnpli:u, i,; h:1s ren' 11t,ly bt'e11 pl:tccd on profes,;ionnl :111d se r vice
projects. pnrt.ic-ul:irly on ho u,;e keeping aide
nnd ot her \\·elf:in• project s :rnd on proj ects for
\1·ork on public record s nnd l"l'S<',ll'C'h . On the
oL he r ha nd co ns idera bl y fewer workern, relative Lo t he tot:1 1, 1ll'C being employed on proj ect
for Lhe imp rove m ent o r rec ren tinn nl foc-i li t ies ,
011 conser vation ncti,· i ties, nnd on sn 11 i tn t,ion
\\·ork; in the fi ca l yea r 1040, \\·orkers on s ue h
proj l'cls represent ed o nly h::d f ns lnrge a p rce nl agl' as in the f-irs t yea rs o f the prog ram .
Tlw di s tribution of work e rs i>y ty pe of projecL refl ects , a mong oth er i11 flu<' ne es, till' <' ff<' c-ts
of se:, sonn,l factors and of exp:mdin g 11.nd C' onLracLi11 g op er ation s. Adju sLnwn ts Lo weatl1n
rn ndit.i ons nn' req uired in :1 program in whi ch
o uLdoor work preclomin:ites. Furtlwrmnn'.
wlwn th l' am oun t o r empl oym.enL mu s t be
ch anged rapidly , work .r m ay he nss ig-1H'd to or
k nninated from cerLn,in Ly pes o r proj ects s uch a road and st reet work- wi l h g ren Lcr
faci li ty t,han from oth ers. Flu eL un.L ion s in Lhe
rela Li vc imporLnnce o f t h e va ri o us types a l o
r(•sulL from chan ges in private employment
opportunities in agricu lture and o the r indu strie , Lhe di versity in t h e tr<•1Hls of privn.t e
<·mp loym enL in differ ent see Lion o f t,h e co untry ,
<· hanges in t he occupation a l dis LribuLion of
worker assig ned Lo W PA jobs, a nd Yaria li on in
local need s for project work.
Th r emph:1 i giY<'n to differe n t types of
W PA projects vn ri es consi d nn, bl_v from st,ntl' Lo
staLe, but construction projec ts, part,ic ularly
road projl'Ct , predominnll' in illl s tate progrnms.
Roa.cl work , in ,Jun e J 940. prov id l'd m o re tl1 :111
hnlr the WPA jobs in n s tates :ind Pu e rto Ri eo .
Nea rl y nil s tates ernp lo:V<'rl al kn sL n fifth of
t he ir WPA wo rk l'rs on rond projl'els.
Other kinds of activ ities Wl'rc prominent m
tntes. In Id ah o morl' t han n fo11rth of
few
a
pt·rsonncl " ·ere wo rking on conserntPA
\Y
the
Lion projc•cts hut in no ot h l' r s l:1.te \\"(' IT :i s
many ns a Sl' n•nth of the work('r8 l'mp lo)' <'<i on
tlu , Lype of proj l'ct. ,Jobs on utility prnj(•cl
were reln.tiv ely mnch mon• nunwrou s in New
lfomps hire, R ho< ll' Isl:rnd . and Sout h ('nrolina
Lh n.n in t.h e co un t ry as a wl1 ol<'; in c•nch of (.h e e
areas tlwy rrpres('n ted mon• than n fi ft li of th e
r mplo_vlll<'nl. ln ninl' s t:llrs se\1·in g proj(•ets

necotml C'd for mon • lh nn ;1 ((,nt h o f th e' totnl
empl oyml'nt. l~mploy nH'nt on maj or Ly pes of
prnj<'c t. is s ho wn for e:1 h s tale in Table lV
and \Tor LlH • :1pp1· 11<li x.
Employment

Communities

in

of

Various Sizes

Fort)' out of eve ry 100 p e r;;;o ns employed 0 11
projeet s o pe rnt ed by the \YPA :1.t t he e ncl of
Jun e ! ~H O were wo rking in met ropolitan a reas
n11d co unti es whose largest c ities bad at least
I 00,000 population i:n 1930. The r elative
numbers of worker employed in s uch hi ghl y
urh:rn :1.ren;;; ha.ve been le s during t he 1940 fiscal
yen.r , ho we ver , thnn durin g e:1,rli e r p eri od . .
Both in Nove mb er l9 37 a,nd in June I 93 8 more
t b:tn 45 ou l o f I 00 job were provided in these
h e:1 vi I)· populn t,cd section s.
As th e proportion of WPA worker employ d
in t he larges t co mmunities decreased , r ela tively
more e mploy ment has been provid ed on WPA
proj ec ts in rural co unt'.i es- co unt,i es in whiclt
t he lnrge t co mmu11it)' had fewer than 25 ,000
peopl e. Almos t lrnlf t he tota l WPA employee
w e re located in t,h e e counties in June 1940.
Of t hi $ employ m ent a bo ut ha.lf was in co unti e,
with c-itie;.: of between 5,000 and 25 ,000 a nd
lrnlf i11 eo unt,ie, whose largest municipality had
less t h:in 5,000 populati on . R e prese ntation of
t he gro up 0f co untie wit,h c ities between 25, 000
nnd I 00.000 has s hown lit t le va riati on on :1
relative b:1si , :1ec-o tmtin g fo r betwee 11 15 and I (i
pe rce nt o f t,he total workers . (See Tabl e 14. l
TAHU~ 1--1 .

Pt~1« ·1:NTACE

1•: ~11•1.nn: 1>

D1 ST HIB U 'l' I O ' Ofi' Pt~H SON,-;
0PEHATl: D BY \ VPA , BY

ON P HO./Ef'T,S
H 1'l.E OF ( ' , n 1,1 1JN IT Y
f'O'IT I N'EN'T.AL

'\' I Tt-:; D t'\T ATE 8

SJ-: urn,: 11 P bRlfll):-; , NOVE~I f'ER l93 i - J UN E 19·!0

of C'0 111 munity '

S i1t•

Tomi
IIH.J,000 :i 11d un•r

25.IKKI IIKl,IKKI
5.IKKI -2o.000

ll nd, r ,1, (1011 ~ ••
0

47 -4
11!1
20 I

17 G

4,1. fl

-12. :l

-111 !l

:3~ 4

3~ I

1,1. 4

15.fi

1:1.7

J.1 1
23. 11

15. I
23. G

23.2

2:1 2

21. 5 22. 4 22. 0
17. 5 1 19.71 21.4

A f'o 111111unit y 1!roupin gs

I

40 I
15. (i
23. 3

fl 0
14. i
2 1. :-

21. 0

20. 6

an• baSL' d upon a elass ifirn tion or counties

aC'c·o rd1n ,c to tlw 1930 populntion of th e l:: nJ?;es t muniripalit;v in each

county
11 Data :1ppl~ to tht •t•ntin.• rnooth .

c Rou r('1• FH!! •Pl11 h ( 't' nsu s of th e Unit,·d ~ 1n tC's, 19:lO, Popul ation.

Ei\IPLOYlllE "1' AND EARKING ·
C HART 6
G roups of com muniti es of
vn ri ou s s ize cliff r cons idcn1 bly
DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYMENT ON PROJECTS OPERATED
BY WPA , BY TYPE OF WORK AND
in res pect to t h e Lypes of \\TA
BY SIZE OF COMMUNITY
prn.i<'tLs ,,·bicb they 1n1t1at c.
M arch 27, 1940
It is a pp:uen t from ll1 e ac-c-omTYPr or WORK
PERCENT
PEACC.Nl
,oo r---~ - ~ - ~ -~
100
p:rnyin g drnrt th at tl1 c rrlntive
nu m bcr of p erso ns cm plo~r(•d on
NON CO NSTRUC TION
- - 80
80
th e nrnj or t,ypcs of proj1•<·Ls
te nd Lo v ar y accordin g Lo t he
s ize of t li e community . Th e
60
60
rein Live <•mp lrn s is place l on no nCON STRUC TI ON .
co ns tru dio n wor k, for in s tnn ce,
40
i g r(' HLe t in CO Uil tics CO il ta in i ng
the ln rgc t cit ies and lea s t in
20 20
rurnl co unti es. I n th e largest
HIGHWAYS, R O AD S,
AND STREETS ...
c- iti es norn:ons tru ct ion projl'C ls
o ' - -L,~oo~.ooo=---'---'-~~=':::--'--·' -- Lu~.ooo~-" - - ~,~.ooo
""'-'---'---"""""'-"'---___, O
provided a t hinl of th e jo l s nt
S IZE or COMMU NITY (Sec
IS)
the e nd of l\larch 1940 . In th e
tr ic tly runtl co un ties with 11 0
in ·o r po ratccl co mmuni ty o f ns
m a ny as 5,000 inl1:1,bit:1 n ts, h owever , su h
areas . Thi s tenden cy is particula rly eYiclen t
proje cts acco un ted for o nly a s ixth of t. li e
in th e case of road work . H igh way , road, an d
Th is gen ern l tend e ncy fo r
emp loym e n t.
str eet proj ects pro vided on ly a fourth of th e
emp hasis on n on con stru ction work to in c re:1. c
WPA employm ent in th e m etropoli tan a r eas
with t.h e size of t h e community is ev id e nt
in M ar ch 1940, but th e percentage of workers
in nil the m a jor ty p e of projects within t his
engaged in su ch activities incr a eel steadil),
gro up .
a s th e p opulation of the largest city in t h e
Employment on cons t rnction projects a n.
coun ty decreased , unLi l in t he ru ral a r eas road
gro up tend to be lnrges t , rclatiYdy , in l,l1c
work con t it utecl almost two-third s o f t h e tota l
rurnl cmmti es nncl sm all rst in the mctropolit.n,n
Simila rly, sanitation work wn. more imoortant
t,CL 1-ll C HWA "S , ROADS,
At.D STRCCTS

40

A~O OY (R

100,000

50,000

2 5 ,000

T-'IIU

T A BLE

J;

.-

P E IH 'ENTA GE D1 s'l'll l RUTION OF P ERSON,< E~JPLOYED 0 ' P ROJE< " l' R O1'EH A TE II
PROH: l "l' AND HY S 1zE OF COMMUN I TY
C'ON1'!:-.EK TAI

H)

\\ ' PA, BY TYP E

OI•

1' N 11' ED ~TA TES

!\L\ HCH 27,

rn ,o
'ize o f Com muni ty

A

T y pe or Project
Total

1 100,000
a nd o,·er

50.000- . 2fo,OOO100,000
50,000

10.00D- .
25,000

5.00010 .000

.

U nder
2,500

2,5005.000

------- - ---.---------- - -- - - T otal

1m II

l"li ~hways , roads, and streets

Public buildings

_______ _

Hec reationa l facililies, exc luding buildine:s
8ewer syste ms and other util ities
Airpor ts and airways ____________ _

C'onsen ·atio n _____________________ .
sa nit ation _____________ _______ ____ _
l'rtJfessiona l and service ._
C'ommuoity se rdce
Research a nrl record s.

Sew ing

________

1isc-ella neous _ _ _ _

100. 0

100. 0

i. I
.0
i. I
5. 3
9. 3
6. 2
10. 7
14. 4
13. I
I. 5
0. 9
1.0
3. g
3. 5
5. 0
lfi
0.
I. 4
= = =--:?:). ()
2-~ . I
32. 9

H6
6. 3
3. 9
12. 0
2. 0
·I.I
I.I

100. 0

100. 0

100. 0

100. 0

56. 9
6. 6
2. 3
i. 4
0. 9
3.

6-1. 0

2. 2

59. 0
7. 4
1.9
6. 4
0. 2
4.0
2. 7

'.!:J. u

19. 9

19. 0

17. 6

rn. 4

4. 5

3. 2
l.i
ti. :J
4. i
0. !i

6. 0
3. 3
9. 9
9
3. 6
2. 2

o.

5. 9
1.4

4. 5
0. I
4. 5
2. I

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -:1.

_

,re Jrare, excluding sewing

Other ·······--···

100. 0

--- --- --- ------ --- - - ---1:1. 1
26. 8
35. 5
,52. 0

6. 2

,5. 9

4. 6

1.6
9. 2
6. 7
I. 4

3. 4

0. X

~- 0
7. 6
9. 7
6. 5
I. I

'. 3
5. 7
0. 0

2. 1
7. 5
5. 0
o. 7

o. r;

3. 3
I. 4
7.1
5. 4
o. 4

2. 0

2. S

2. i

2. I

2. 2

0. 9

o. 8

~

-1. 3

S.3
.i.

s

--- ---

l.6
i. I

5. 2

I

'f'o 111 11111 nit y groupin~s nre hn sed n pon a <' lass ifiC'fltion nf rn 11 nti(' s :wc·ordin l! to th e 19~" popul ation of t,he lanw:--1 111 un icipa lit y in each co unt .v.

0. 8

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM

re orcl s projects, reflect t h e va riati on in the
kills of the available w rkc rs as well a rn
community n eeds . R elativ cl. · few wbi tc colla r
worker ' are certified for empl _vmcn t in t h e
sm all to,n1 an cl rural area . F r th e mos t
part they are oncc ntrn ted in the large city
a reas and it is in these a reas that project
dr ig-ncd to use th eir kills ar li kely to b e

rn rural th an in urbnn :H<•ns. For oth e r type
of cons l r udion proj l'<'lS, s uch as lh osP for t h e
cons l ru d ion or in1prn,·<'lll<' n l of sewer . )'SLt'n1
and n( lH•r 11 l ili( ie::; :tnd of 1·e<-rea lion a l faci lili
and , (o :1 lessN extent , t hose for the co ns trn c-'
tion of airport s and ai rw ays and publi c building
the relatio11 differs. (See T:1ble J .5. ) (h er l-±
p e rcent of t he e11tire cmplo.'· me11t in the
metropolil:rn a reas 11·as proYicl ecl on sewer
.r ntem and ot hN utilit)· projects at the encl of
;--J arch , but less than.", percent of the rural area
ernploymc11t, wa on t hi kind of work . Furth ermore, projects for recreational faci liti es accounted for o,·er 0 percent of the ernplo_n nent
in t he mos t hi ghl)· urban gro up a compar cl
,rith only a lit tle more t ha n 1 percent in the
cou11tics with th e sma ll e t populatio11 .
\ ' n ria t ion in emp lrn sis on th e d ifl'<' rcn l ty pes
f proj ect s is a rdkclio n of th e difl'Ncnc c m
comrntrnit_\· need s in th e r esp ect.in' areas . In
t h e <knsd.'· popu ln t cd sectio ns a nrnrkcd shortag e lw s <•xi s trcl in pnrk fo,cilities nnd pl:1ces for
children to play . In t h e rural and scmirural
a reas, h o11·e ,·er , better roads arc neededparticularly farm-to-market and ot her secondar y road s, ,ls contras ted witl1 primary
hig lrn·ays. The locn l di ffcrence s in con centration on t h no 11 co11 s trurtion pro jects , particularly community sen ·ic e and research and
T .\ BLE lf) _-

P E RCENTA G E DrnT RIB

found.
Jobs in the Various Wage Classes

A majority of th e jo bs on projects op erated
by lhl' WP.\. have always be ' ll for uns killed
wor kt' rs. Slig ht!)· less than t wo-third of t h e
wor kl' rs (63 o u t of euch l 00 ) a1. th e <>nd of Jm1e
1940 were ass ig-rn' cl to jobs clil,'s ili erl in th e unski lled w:igc classes for " ·hirh the lower rnonthl)·
earnings arc paid. Tl1is ratio 11·as a li tt le
m:ill e r than it h a d been a _Yl'ar earli er when
n ear\.'· fiG percent of th e " ·orkers wer e :1 ign ed
at uns killed rat es. Dw·ing t h e 1940 fi ca l
_Yt' a r . howen' r. fai rly wid e fluct-ualions c uned.
Lh <: perccn tage o f " ·orker ,vho we re uns killed
n ' aching- as high a 72 percent in ,Janua ry and
F <'hrun r.''.
Th e Y<'ar <·rnling wit l1 .J un e 1940 marked the
introduction of a m •11· cla ss ifi.cat io 11 " ·hich

TlO ' OF PER ' O NS E~tPLOYED ON PROJE CT:-- OPERATED BY \YPA , BY W AG E CLA S
"FT F.C T Ell l 'EH I IIOS. J I '\ Jo

rn:m J l "NE

1940

Projec t \\'a~e E m ployees

unski ller! ,,

Grand
Tot al
T ot al
T ota l

n ro up
" B"

Gro up

...\ ..

I mediate
TolerI Skilled

Profes -

"hnal

nod
tr C' hn ical

Projec t
S uper,· iso ry

Employ
ees

- - -- - I9Sd

June

8

1937

Ju ne

B

IU O. 0

92. 7

65. 0

ll. 0

12. 3

4. 4

i.3

100 0

9G. 0

65. 1

12. 7

13. 3

4. 9

4. U

11)1) ()
1110 11
LOO . 0

Hi. 3
!JG. i

1998

.l une 29
Re pl(•m her 21
l)('C'emhe r 2~

07

3

3. l

72 , 9

11. l

,I !l

11. i

12.1

IO.'
11
.5

3. (I
3. 2

12 4

11 2

14 . 2

12
9 6

3. I
3. 5

/JU . H

IIJ. 2

2. ;
2. ;

3. 3

19S9

.\l arch 22
.lunc, 21

~cptrmhl•r 27
1)f'rem he r 2/

LOIi . IJ

1111111

100. 0
100. 11

\larch 27

100. 0

1,ine 2fi

100. 0

9fi . ~

iO.I

I
91; :J
~Iii. "

(i.1 . ...,

9G

96

91

06. 0

71 11
i'O. ,i

70.

61

62. i

9. 6
9. b

61. 4
130. i

13. 5
13 ~

6. 86

60. 81
56.
1

I
16. 9

9.

14.

9

Ill 0
9.;

13. 2

2. 2

3. 2

36
3;

2. 5

3 2

2. 5

3. I
4 fl

3. 2

.\ \Vit~ t!1C' in.a mm ra tinn of th e new sd1 ~d ul l' o_r mon t hly ,,:.u n.in f!s o.n :--;eptrmhr r l, H13fl. a:- prcst rihed i n Oc nernl Order :'\"o. 1. th e unskill ed wa!!e
·h ~s w a"- rh Y1drd in tot \Yo !!ronps !?T11up n. in rludm e_ wnrk('r s :1s:-1!! ncrl Jo bs of u ro utine, s imple, nonhazardo us n a ture , a nd group A. includin ~ wo rke rs
1ss1g ned t n t y [l l'S o f work norm:-illy d1_1ne h~ 1·on struct10n a nd ge nera l lnho re rs and lo ro u tme c le ri cal work
8 D :1ta :1rc base d on p:1yro\l, e nd ing durin g t he fir s t half nf th r- m ou th.
·

T AB J,E

17. - PEIH'EXL\t,E

\\'PA ,

D1 s Trt1BUT JON OF PEm,oxs E~1PLOY IW ox PROJE<'T~ 0Plsl!ATED B\
TYP E or PHO.I E( "[' .\:-IDB\ \V \GE 'LASS

Bl

:\ l

uoH

J L~E2fi,HIIO
P r ojt.'ct \\ 'a~t • E111plo\Cl'S

Typt• 11f I 'r oJt.'C L

Uaski llt•ol

Total

lD ll' f -

T olnl

100. 0

Total

l l hrh,,ays. roads, and slrrets ____ _
PuhliC' buildings

.

Rt>cn •:.1tw 1rnl facil!tie~. excluding huildings
Sl''' t·r s ,·.., tem s and oth er ut ilities
.\ irport S and airways_
f'o nw n ·a t i<in
S:111i t:1 1ion

\1!\,t)

-==1111111
\lfi..\
IIHl ll
l rnlll
llX>O
1011. II
llHO
IIM} ll

~,s. u
\JG. r,

I

06, .i
96. 2
U6. :3
H5."

3. 2

I 0

1:1

:t ti

0. 2
I). 3
0. 3
ll I
0 I
I) 2

16

1. tt

4
2

I I
1 I
:1 . .-,

3

3 ....

I

:i;

2 2

I !

'22'.1

:1.n

,)fi 1

Y5. ii

l . _,

ltn

VS. I

~l• win ~
\\"(•l fa n·. t>\C'lud 1m! se wing_

100. 0

ton O

\17 2
9G. s
Vfi. ,

I I
~3 r,
21 7
10. 2

11)(10

g11

04

Other

~

II U
17 I}
12. 5

I.
I.
I.
I

,,

II 2

I'} :1

100 II
IOI}

30 . .._

~J ,

4S 3

\I

13. I

21 s

12 :1

21 I

I f>
H. I

20 fi

21 2

i l
12 7

11

11 :1

I

166

21

n

2

t !l

I I

2 "
'l '2
'i '.!

~

3. 3
1 1

11 i

=I=====

cl i\·icl <'S 1111ski ll ecl workl'l'S int o l\\·o grou ps, unsk ill l'cl ".\ " an d un s kill !'d '' 13." Th l' u11 sk ilkcl
" B " l'mploycl's do wo rk of a simple nat ure
requ ir in g little edu cation or trn in ing and l'o r
11·hi d1 proficie ncy m ay eas ily be acquire d .
T l1('ir \\·ork is not h aza rd o us an d does not
'c a rn s l r<'Sses,
re qu irl' lH'aY_1· phys ica l la bor .
jan itors . and nw ssengcrs an' included in t his
gTqup. T lw re m ainder of t he un s ki lkd wo rk<' rs an' in th l' un ski lled "A" wn ge cla.ss and
t lH')' :1rl' p:1id a p prnxirnalel)· 10 pneent mon'
t l, nn tm:-k ill l' d " B " \\·or kt'l'S. P l'rsons in th l'
" 13 " ci:1:,sifieat ion con st ituted JH',1 rl y 10 1w ret'11 (
of lli <' tol:11 <'m pl o)·m ent du ri ng mos t o f t hl'
I fl .HJ fi sc al )·ca r bu t clrnp pl'd to 6.6 in ,Junl'
\\' IH'n occupat io ns on Sl'\\' ing prnjeets l \ ' l' l'l'
1·(• ln ssific,c[ ,rncl s ta ndardi zl' cl . Tb c um, ki ll l' d
".\ " 1\·ork('l's h ave r cpr l'se nled hl'l \\'l'en ;(\ nncl
62 p<' 1-rent of th l' total prn jl'ct !'mploynw n t.
.\.. rnajorit_,· of th e r emainin g ,\·orkn;; \l' !'r< '
as;; ig nt'd in t he in len ne d iat<' ,\·ag(' elas;; \1·li ieli
r(' J) l'l'S('lltl'd hl'l ween 1:3 a nd 17 pl' rcen l of l'n1ployrnent duri ng: lh t' Hl-!O fi ;;ca l _v e:1r :111d \\·ns
lnrger al the l' nd of .Jun<' t han in any l',1 rl it' I'
mont h . T lw pl' lTPntagl' reprt'S<' llt<'d h_Y ski lil'd
workpr,- nrngl'd from 9 to 1:1 durin g t l1c li sl' :11
)' l':1r and wn::- g<' nt' r,l ll)' lo\\'n lli:111 d11rin g· 111os l
o f liH' prcrl' d ing .,·Ntrs. \\' it h t he c·1 1r t:1 il11 H' 11 t
of projrct emplo)' ment in l hl' ~pring of I \l-HI .
li o\1·<· ,·<·r. t he n ' la live nu m IH' l'S of s k il !Pd wo rk<•r,11:1 d incr<•ns<'d to l :l pt' 1·<·1·11( I>~· t!i ,, 1' 1HI of ,J u111 ·.

J)l oy,~""'

tt·c·hni<-al

II U

Rt.'St·arrh nod records

I}
I}

sional
and

S kille rl

\), ,)

fl. Ii

11}1} I}

C'ommuo1 t y St.:'n ·ice

medi;-111·

G rou p
" .\ "

O roup
" B"

ProJl'l.,
S1 1p1 ·rvison
Em -·

Profes-

I
------

re pr esen ti ng a lnrgl'r por tio n of th e tota l t han
al any ot her t im l' sinrl' 19:37. i>!'rsons in t h,·
prnft,ssion al and lee lrni ca.l wn gl' clao-s lwn, ma d,·
up l)('[\\·een 2 and :3 pe rel' n t o l li t<' tota l, and
t h<' project up er vi so ry em ploy<'<'S ban' reprcse nll'cl no mo re t ha n :3 r -! pe rcen t d urin g tlw
fi sc :1 1 _\' Par. (Set' T :1 blc 16.)
Gcncrn ll,v pe:1kin g , t,he 1·t,Jativ e numb ers of
un;;k ilJ 1,d \\·orkrrs employed arl' b rgcst during

L eaming ta read ,n a W est Virginia WPA lit e racy class

HE l' OHT O.\" PH OC:HESS OF T Iiis \\' I'\ l'HO(:HA.\l

W orke rs co nstr uct i n g th e fo undot io n of o
oirp ort hon go r

new m un ,cipo l

1w rio, Is uf m ark ed p r0g: ram t•x p:1 ns1on :m d
sm:1 Ik sl wh en emplo)Tm en L i ' heing- l ' u 1·l:1 ik cl.
Durin g tlw s umm er m on t hs of 19:3 , , fo r t·x:impl e, unskill ed work er s m ack up a pprox im:i tt•ly
fi:3 pc' rec n L of lhe tota l a cornp:11'l'd "·i l,Ji tffl' l'
70 peret• nt 111 m ost m onth of ]9 : S wh t• n \YP.\
empl o~·m (·n l wa ' inc r<•a' ing. .\ r en• r, :1 I of l h is
ge nern. l ll'lld ('ll('_\' occ urred in lh l' f:111 o f 1n:rn
whl'n lh l' :1pplieat io n o f th e 1~-mon lh rnl e
n reessil atcd l he di mis al of n rd:1lin·l.,· ln1}(l' I'
num lw r o f in Le rmedia Le and skill l'd workns
Lhan of un s ki ll etl worker s. AL th e ' aml' lim e
un s ki ll ed person s wer • rcl:iti n ·l.v m o re num (• ro 11s
n.m ong- Lh mw :1 v:1il11hlc fo r imml'clin l<' :l. , ig nml· n l
to repl:H'l' di smi ssed wo rke rs than W C' f'l' skill l·d
wo rke r, . Dism issed pe rsuns in th e upp er 1rngl'
a nd skill lirn ckd wh o h ad be ·n doin g 1rnrk of :t
s u1w n ·iso ry n:1t ure were diflie ult lo rl' pl:H·t•.
An o th er fnC'l t hat a ffected the pro porti o n of
11·o rk l' rs :1 ssig necl in t,h e kill ed 1rnge d asse
durin g th e pa sL fi scal yc'n r was a , ln Lulor.v prnvi , ion cfl't• c li ve .July l , Hl:39, whi c h len g llH' IH.•d
Lh e hours of work for ' kill ed p erso nn el. Th ese
fn c- Lo rs nil tl·ncl ed t o make• t. hc• numi> cr of s killl'd
wo rkers rcl:it·ivdy m :1ller :rncl t he numb e r of
un ski ll ed wo rkt •rs l'l'lnliv <'ly lnrgn th :rn wo uld
h:11' <' l> l'l' ll <'XJWC'lC'd on t hl' ha , is of pn·1·io 11s
'IVPA <'X JWri l' nCl' during pl' ri ods of d l'ci ining
c•m pl oy nw n t.
Tlrn l v:iri o u ty p s o f proj('cL d ifl' l'r 11·itlt
n•s JH'C t lo tltr s kills l h<'y utili zl' is l'l' id en l from
Tnble 17 , whi ch pn•Sl' nt s th e di lributi o11 of
work l' rs hy wa ge clns, nnd by m:1jo r t)' IW of
proj (•t· l ns of l hl' l' nd of .J 111H' 1940 . \rorkt· rs nf
t l1<· unski ll ed ' B" class Wl' l'l' reln t iv l' I.,· most

111111H•ro11-; on st•11·ing proj(•('ts 11·ht·n· !\-1 wo r kt•rs
0111 of <·:1<"h /()() \1·<·n• ,ls ig,wd to t his w:tgl' cb ·s.
\\'01 kl'rs i11 t lw unskilled" A '' gr u p Wl'r e employ<'d in rl' l:ttin· l.1· larcre n umbl' rs o n ro:H l :tnd
--trl'l'l a nd eons(' ITation prnj ecl.; mo rt' t han 70
n1 1t of P:1c l1 100 11·or kl'rS on t hl'se ly pt• ' of work
To nc·o n Lru c11·t• 1·1· :1ss ig nl'd to thi s 1v,1ge cl nss.
t io 11 p1·1Jj l'C'ls :1s a gro up u tili zl'd 1·l' la ti ve l.v m n '
intt• rnwdi:1lt• o r se miskill l'd pl' r, crn s l ha n did a ny
kin d of construct io n 11·or k. S ki li l'd :rnd prof1·s . . io n:il :i nd tl'chnicn l 11·or kl'r s wc•n• n 'quirecl in
r,· l:1tin· l.Y l:ll'g<' ntun \)l' r~ o n th(• vMi o us profr --io na l :UH i se n ·ice pro jl'c ts. Publi c bu ildin g
pro j(•c·ts we re l he o nly nrn jor ty pe• of eowlru ct ion :1et ivity on d lich m or e lh,111 a f ur l h o f
t lw wor kc·rs wer e cla ssifi.l'd ns skill ed , a nd no
co11 sl ru cti o n projec ts r cq u ired rn on • l han a
sm:1II rl' prl'st•n l:1 l ion of profess ional :ind lcch n ic:d pl'r sonn cl.
Hours and Earnings of WPA Workers

P(•r so ns (· m plo~·l'd Oil \Y P .\ proj l'C" ts ,1rc us unll_v rl'q ui rl' d to 1\·o rk 130 ho urs each mo n l b .
Fo r lh l'i r 1n,rk they ar e pa icl w:1gc's s pecitied in
:1 111011t ld y l':rrnings sch edule whi c h pro vide. fo r
v:1 ri :11 io n i 11 t•:nn ings Oil thrc'e bases: Lhc rrg io n
of l ht• C' Ounlry in which lh c wo rk er i locHLecl, Lhe
dq( l'('t' of urb:rni zalion (I ased 011 lh e po pu latio11
o f t lw lnrges l muni cip nlity ) of th e co unty in
wh ie h ht• is em plo.Hcl . a nd tlw deg rc'e of . kill
n·q ui rl'd fo r th e job to whi ch he is as ' ig ncd
(w:lgl' cl:1s') . These reg uli1ti o n arc di s ussccl
in so ml' dl'l:1 il on pages 3 to 8:j of t hi s r port .
P ro ,·isinn s of t he ERA Act of I 9;39 drnnged
t ht· rl'qu irenw nl co neernin g ho urs o f wo rk ·o nsidl'rnh ly and necess itnted som l' modifi n 1Lio n in
l lH· sdl('du l<' of l'arnin gs. Pri o r to ,July I, I 9:3!-l,
it li:1d ht 'l' ll l'l'CJUired that t h<· ho ur ly rnl cs paid
to \VPA wo rkt· rs sho uld li e t he S:lllll' :1 . l host•
prl'v:1iling lol':1lly for wo rk o f :l similar n:1tun·.
Th C' :1 ppli <· :1 tio 11 of tbi provi. io n 11·ithin th l'
fr:u1w work o f :1 mo nthly ea rn ings sd1 ed ul e 111 t'iln t
that (·:w h wo rkc· r was empl o>' <'d fo r wh:1 tevl' r
num lll'r of ho urs it 11·a~ n ecessary for him to
wo rk nt l h<' locn l houri)- rnlt• f r hi s skill to ennhl <' him to <•:1rn hi s :1 ig ncd monthl,v w:1 ge.
Skill l'd bui ldin g co n tnl('Li o n wo rkt•t", fo r in s l:1 11 <·<', rt·<·t· ived ho urly rnt l'S t hat Wl'I'(' hi glH' r
l li nn t hosl' p:1id lo unski ll ed 1:iborl' rs, :rnd <·o n-

51

EMPLOYl\fEXT .I._N"D EAR TINGS

cqu ntly t hey w er e r equired to wo rk fr w r r
homs pe r m onlh . Among lh c · ki ll ed work!'rs
t hem ch-cs Lhc rc w er e ,,·iclc h ou rl y rnl c Y,H iali n ,,·hi c h th e refor e cca ion cd ,·nri.ttion s in
th e req uired h ou r of work per m onth. 11any
di ff e ren t work sc h edules con equ c ntly ha d to be
arrnn gcd for worker s in difl'eren L occ up,1t io ns .
Th e 1939 A eL r equired t lrn. La ll proj ecL cm ployces
ho ukl wo rk 130 h o urs a m o nth , wil h ce rta in
peci fi e( l exce p tio ns. The ch a nge Lo a La nd an[
nu mlw r of hours g reat l)· s implified llw seiH' dulin g o f proj ecL ope ration and a l' o t be ti m e keeping procedure.
The 1939 ER. \. A ct provi ions rela,ting to
t he m o n thl y earnings sc hedLd c required that
t he om.mi s ion er o f W or k Proj ccLs set up a
schedule wl1i c h wou.l l not va,ry for wor kci-s of
t he ame ty pe in different geog r.1phi c areas
any more t han co uld b e justified b. differe nce
in t h e cos l o f liv in g, and whic h at the sa nw tim e
1rnuld not s ubs tantially a ficct t he t hen existing national average labor cost p er \VPA wo r ker.
T h e r ev ised sc hedul e became effect ive Se pte mb er 1, l 939. (The schedule i pre c ntcd in
Tabl e 39, page 5 .)
Full- t ime monthl y earnings du rin g t,h e _vca r
ending ,June 30, 19--!0 , incr eased s li g h t ly t hro ug ho ut t he year and a,reraged about $.57..5 0 . Tlte
increase wa due in part to th e n e w sc hedul e
and in part to variations in t h e relative a mounts
of empl oy m en t in t h e \·arious classi fic.1 t ion s
which f rm the bases for diffe re n t ia l' in t he
mont hly earnin gs-th e seYer a l wa g c lasses,
t h e different ections of the co untry , a nd t he
,· ariou s communi ty size groupings.
S i nee
1vo rkers m ay Jose time du ri ng a, payroll pe ri od
becau c of interrup t ions in proj ect o pcr :1.L io 11s,
tra nsfe rs b etwee n proj ect , a,nd ot he r !'net.or s
outs ide of th e ir con t r ol and because ol' ti m e
volun ta ril y lost th roug h illne s or oL ltc r en.uses,
actu,1 1 ea rnin gs of workers e mployed durin gt he yea r averaged several dol lars less t h nn full time ea rning' or about. 5--! a, m ont h . Prnj N'l
workers ,1r c perm itted to make up time los t
i1w lunta rily buL t hey are no t a lw.1ys :ih lc lo
do so in fu ll.
Durin g- th e fi scu l year Hl40 , r mplO)' <'PS
wo rked a tot:1 1 of m o re t han 2,000.000.000 hours
on proj ecLs o pr ratecl h:v t h e W PA . Aho 11 t
1,239, 000 ,000 h ours, or --! 2.(i JWrC'(' lll o f t he

total, w er e pen t on hig hway, road , a nd street
proJc ls whi c h typically e mploy large numbers
of un ki lled worker . Proj ect. i11vol ,·in g 1vo rk
on ewer yslt' m and l h cr uti lities aeeou11Lc<l
fo r nearly 10 p cr cc nL of t he lolal or m or e Lh an
2 2 ,000 ,000 h o ur o f work. P erso ns employed
on public buildin gs pro jec Ls worked some
23--! ,000 ,000 h o urs a nd Lh o e on proj ecLs for th e
d e vclopm c nL of r ce rctLt iona l faci li t ies over 174 ,000 ,000 h o urs. Nonco n lrucli on acl iv iti c accou nt ed for m o re th a n 73-1- ,000,000 hou r s, or
abou t a fo urlh of t he lola l for proj ects of all
type . , ewin g proj ect on "hi ch n ea rly 2:3 .000 .000 h o urs w e r s pt'nt by proj ect workers
,,·e n' oulstandino· among LI.Jc non con slruction
proj t'cts.
T .\BLE
l .
T OTAL H um; 1V O RK ED ON P ROJE CTS
OPER.\TED BY \\'PA , BY l\ J.,.JOR T YPE OF P ROJECT
( 'u ,,e 1 \Tl\' E T II Rflt'i, lf .\NO YE\R E:smNr. J L' NE

C1 umulatiYe throu gh
J 11ne :m, 1940

:;o,

l!JIO

Year Enc.ling June
30. IY40

T y pe of Project
Percent

Numt)er

100. U

2, 1112. 005. 127

lt)(J. 0

I, 239, 2 1-L 1114
23 1, 1 17.391

42. fi

8. O

8. 2

174. I 13, 124

f>. 0

9. 2

2'-i2, 231. li90

9. 7

3,;, 730. 25.i

I 2

!J~J. 0:?0, -li'fi

3. 4

.5 I , all~. i :Jli
2:i t, 'i5 I. 23£1

s. 2

4Hfi, -Lill, ti25

Ii. 0

6 1, 714. fi'it,

2. l

Numher
Total

HiglH,·ays,
street :;

11. I l"i, .52:1. 274

roads,

and

_

Pub.lie buildi.ogs
.
Hec,eat1onnl fac1Iiues, excludiag bu1h..I1t1gs

I

fi,

fi:t a:,B, 4!.13

I, 1,;.1, fi3.,. 5(18

I. 1~6. f-.. 6, 9i

C\\ er systems and other

ut1lit1es

I. 32n. 32,,, 023

j

I

40. fi

.\ irports and airways

20'.-), :mt.

Com=en·ation __

IHtl, :--.13, ;,.,'-)t

I. 4
4. 3

~a nitation ____ _

31ltl, 70-1,:310

2. ~

1,312. lti t.fi~I

9.3

Sewrng
Prore~~ion:.1I and service, exclud1o g sC' wing

J\liscelhlneous

r,,56

1. 91iV. Hi2. ti{>O
360. 70,. 2J9

I

I
13. 7
2. b

,. 0

l.h

Compari son of th e rela ti ve num b crs of h ours
worked dmin g th e fisc al year J040 on differcnL
ty p es of proj ects wiLb a s imilar di s tribution for
th e en ti r e p e riod of vVPA op eration s r ev ea ls
ce r tain chm1ges in c mpha is. (Sec Tab] l .)
Hig h way , road , and lrcct proj e l s and lhe
Yario u kind ' of profes ional and serYi cc work
increased in r clativ ' importan ce durin g l h e lasl
fisca l year whi le Lb c per ce ntage of totn l homs
spent on recr ea tional faci lilies, conse 1Talion ,
sanilalion, a nd se win g proj t'e ts d 1,di 1wd, relatiYe to ea rlie r pe ri o d s. R oad work , n evt'l'l h cless . accounted for more th an two-fift h s o f lh c
total of 14 .-1-10 .000 ,000 ho urs worked on \YPA
proj ec t s du r in g t lH' fiv e years since l h c program 1rns initia l ,d.

FINANCIAL SUMMARY
Drns

u se d

for

operat io n

of

th e

1York

FProj ec ts .\.dmini s trnlion prog r:1111 durin g t h e
yenr ending ,J une :3 0 , 1940 , wnc np prnprintc cl
h_\- thl' Emergency R clid . \. ppro pri n li on _\.cl nf
rn:39 , ,diich 11·ns 'lln ctcd in to l irn- un ,Jun e :3 0,
J 9:39. Th e a t, prm·id cd n sp<•c-if-ic nppropri11l io n of $ 1,477,000,000 for lhl' \ \'P_\. nnd reapprnprint ccl l h <· rn1ohli galed hnlances of fund s
mn.d<• n,·:1 iln hl c lo it under pri o r Eml'q::>:l'HC_\'
Rdicf _\.pprop riftt ion , \.cts. 1 Fund s ca ri-i cd on'r
from prior :lel amounted to $42,824,000 . The
g ross nmou11l nva ilnh le lo t h e \\'ork Projects
. \.clrnin is l rn li o n fo r l h e f-isc nl y enr , t h er efor e,
:1ggr Pg:1l ed $ 1,.5 19 ,824,000.
D educt ion s fr o m t h e g ross amount nni ila hk
lo t h< · \Y P.\. tota led •·.s,n,ooo ti o f .June :30.
1940 , i11 ch1di11 g $!>00 ,000 of thl' fund s tra nsfp1-r<•cl lo the DiYis ion or Proc urement f lhl'
T n'as1 11T D <• p,ulnwnl for the ,1·ork relid su ppl_\·
l'uncl , w h ich is a rcvoh·i11 g fund lo faciJilnl<'
C<' il t r:d purchas ing of supplie,; and ma t cri:il s,
a11d :·,P,000 Lrau s fn rcd to t h e F ed C'ra l \ Yurks
.\.g<'ll('_\' ror 11 dmini st raliY(' expl'll f;('S. Thi s lef t
n ll('l sum of .· 1,.5 Hl.245 ,000 ,1\'nilnhl c for prnjec t opC'rntion s a nd admini s tn1l in• cos ts of t he
\YP_\. and for a llo cation to other P •tit-ml
t1g l'11 c il's for Lh c op e rnbon of projects , imil a r in
l_\' J) C and in labor rcqu irenwnts lo l hos <• of t ltc
\YPA . The n cL a m ou nt uv,1i l:1ble 1rn s :lpproxiThe EH\ .\tl of IH3~ also l'onu1ined appropriation s for !he :'\a liunal
Youth .\dmmi ,; trall un program s: for lhe rehnh1lllntion and rel:ef 1iro~rnm~of th e r ann Sel'11rity .\dmini stration. the Pu e:rn Hien H eennst ru c··
tion _\d111i ni.., tration . and 1he Bure,rn of Indian _\ff:.i ir~. anti for adrn111i s-

t rati, P f>\;1rn ...es i1wurrcd by ,·ario us Federal age ncies in e~urymg ou t the
purpo ... es ,,f the act.

52

rnatdy onc•-ll1ir I less tha n th e nm o un t a,·:1ilab le
fo r t l1<' s:rnw p urpose durin g t h l' h--c:ll _\·e tir
e 11di1tg ,f ull(' :rn , J 9:3n.

Allocations
By t h(· <'lid of ,Jttnl' Hl40, $ 1,40 1,:3D:3,000 o f
the $ 1,5 Hl ,:24 ,'j,0Q0 mad l' 111·ai l nblc for t h e \YP~\.
prog ram h a d h l'<'ll nllocnll'd for proj ect - t lw
op<•n1l<'d hy t h e \\' P _\. s\.llocnLion of tlt 1•
rem ai 11dl'r of t h e aYnilablc fund s has h 'l'll
lnrgcly d l'lnmi1 w cl b_\• , l atu to ry pnn-ision s .
l'ndcr on e o f t lu·S<' prn1·is io ns a nrnximmn of
.·5:3,n,rn,noo \\·as 1lllt il o ri z(•d for a clrnini,-tn1li 1·(•
l'xp c11dilun·s: tlw s •1m of $.5:3,60 1,000 h ad been
:tllocal<'d fnr -.;t tch purp0Sl'"i hy ,Tune :30. The
gR .\. .\.ct o f rn:3\l (in sec t ion 11 ) a uthoriz ed
th e Cn nuni ss ionl'r o f \York Proj l'ct to tran sfrr
T A BLE

19. -A \IOUX 'l'

<W

l-' L' XO:-i , \ V .\ILABLE

Dt' HI X<: T II E Y~~.\.H EXD I XG .J UNt<;

l t/

\ \' P .\

30, H \./Q

::i prcifiC' nppropn.ll111n. ~l-L\ .\ C'l or !~MU
11 et lancl·S a\·;1 ibhl1• frnm prior E IL\ .\ cts

$1. ~77 . IH,J. 000

-!2, '12:1 . .~77

Totalfunds:.n-a1lahlL• to\\' I' .\. . _______________ _
Tran sfer of \\'P _\ fund~ to:

Feder.II \\·ark s _\ ge ncy, for adrnin i, tration _____ _
P roC'lm·mcnt Dh ision. fo r \,·ork n,Jirf supply fund _
.:'\'"et fund ~an1.ilahil' to \\"P. \

__ _

_ _____________ _

Prokcts uperatt.•d by \VP .\ _____ _
\\']' _\ l'\ J)rnses for adminis tration __________ _
.\ll ocut10n , to nlhl'r Fedt•rnl agencies
. __
).fisc<.'llaneous ( tornad o rdi ef and dam age, cla ims)
Pndistrihuted __________ .., ______ _

7H, 000

500. oou

\ 1. .5 19, :!-t-t , .17/
' I. 101. 39~. 71l\
~

53, 660. \IH
5D. 93-t, 16:l
12. 000
4. 2H. ~02

'Nt> t fund s arnilablc to II' PA inclurlP $9. 84.299 of 1930 .\. ct fu nd s
\\-bich c·ont inued to tw avai la hl1' fo r ohJigntion th ro ugh prov· is ioo , of the
IH39 Al't ; of thi s amo unt. -~7.fi"-i.1 .U/fi wa , availahle for prnj,~r t s OP1"ratrd
hy \VP.\ and ..:.2.1111-:. ~21 ror \\" P .\ proj1 ·r t ~ op0rated by otb r F ('d ernl
Source li. S. Trea su r y IJ(~pnrtm1:nt rl'pO rt on tbc st at.us of funds and
analy ses of t•x penditures under tl)(l EH .\. _\ ct s of 1935, !!UR. Hl:~ 7. rn:J,. .
and 193\1. as of Jun e 30. IV40.

53

F l X .\.'\ C L\L SU;\ I ~L\ltY

fond , up to . ·n0 ,000 ,000 to o tlw r F('O<'rnl
ng<'nCil's for t he op<'rnl ion of proj ec ts ;:; imilnr
lo those pros<'Clll<'d h,\' lh<' \\"P.\., with the
stipulation lh nt not m ore th,m -1 pncent of lite
alloc~l tions to <'nch ng<'nC,\' migh t he s pent for
ad mini s lrnliY(' <'XJ)<'nscs. 2 By th e end of .June
19-10, 57,7%,000 of n ewly approp riated fund s
Hnd '2 , 198,3:.t3 of 1938 Act, fund ;:; tlrnt W<'r<'
till ani lahlc for ob li gation \\'(.'!'(' aUoc,lll'd for
projects op cra t<•d hy oth er FL•cll'rnl 11g<•n c1cs
hri.ngin g th <' lotn l an1,ilahk for lh :1l purpose
during th e fi sc nl .\' eHI' lo $59,9:34-,--Hi:3. 01' thi
total , 2, ll (j ,()00 ,qrn for adminis trn tin' purpo es. Snrnll nrnount s of the \\'P.\. fund s were
et El id e for m iscl' lbm cous purposes (. ·7 ,000 for
etlkment of prop erty damage clnim ; and
$:35 ,000 for d irect, relief of per. ons made
dest itut e h,\' ll ll' ,JmlC' 19;39 tornru lo in :\linn cotn, ns aut horized b,\· Public, No. llW . 7(il lt
Congrcs·, ,1ppro ,·<•d ,fun e 30 , 19:39). .\. h,1bnc c
of , 4 ,2 14 ,000 from t he total \YPA apprnpriation
remained undi stributed on ,June :30, 19--1-0.
Twenty-e igh t Ji'edernl age ncies n 'ce ind alloca tion s from lh <' $!'i7 ,736,000 lran s ferr( ·d by
tb e \YPA . As is shO\rn in Tai>k 20, $17,:j l 3, 000
,ms mad<' an1i lnb l<' lo th e (~uartnrnn s ter Corps
of th e lnill•d Stntl'S Arm)' for lh(• construction
or improvenwnl of bu ildings nnd utilitil's. landing fi rlcls, r oad s . n 'crNttional faei lit il's, nnd ot lll'r
wor k at fo r ls :md otber a rm y pos ts. Th e
Burl'au of Y:wcl s nncl D ocks o f t he Ka.vy
Dt•pflrtment l'<'C'<' ind $10,000,000 for 11l'W contruc tion and improvement \\·ork ,1l lht• principal naYa l has<'S o n th e A t l1111tie :rnd P,1 cific
con t . \YPA fund s were alloc:1t<'d to nunH•rou agen cies of t hl' D epart mrnt of .\.g ri e ul t ure
durin g th e yen r. Tl1 l' Fores t S1' r viel' <•x tcnclc-d
its work o f co nsl' r v:1.t ion :l ll(I <kvdo pnwnt of
fore st a nd r:rn g<' a rcfl ,1·ith nn alloe nti on of
.''fi.6 19.000; t he• Bureau of Entomo log,\' nncl
Plflnt Qu ar:mtin l' l'L'C('iY ed $5,Rfn ,ooo for furth er "-ork in l hr control and <'rn di <':1tion of
insect pe ts nnd plnnt di.se: se. ; :rnd lh <' Soil
onscn ·ation Sl'rvicc' enlar gl' d its program of
erosion co ntrol find ot h r r so il co ns('rvin g nH'EI Stu·cs "·it il nn nll ocat ion of $cl-,G-1::U)00. To tlw
~ationa l Park Servi e in tlw Department of
• The 19~8 .\ ct had u11 thnr i1.ed the allocM1011 to other Fed ral age1w1es
c1r an 1111ount up to ,).,)-\,000,000 oul of the , '2,'2.i0,000,I KIO :ipp1oprinted to

the

,,-p

.A. by I.hat 3l't

f111

I he fi:--C'al year IH:m

T.,111.E

2 0 . -A~t OllXT 01 \\'PA FLXD,-; .\ 1.1.oc \ 't ED TO
VmH; n .,L .\ ('~; xl'rns 1°011 \ \'PA PnoH; r • 1s l XD~;H nr~;
EHA , \ r·r cw 193(), ll\ Ac KXCY
CUI\ll L.\TI\ t~ T II Htll -< dI Jl"NE ;i(), 19-10

I

\ gency

Tot:11

Work
1-'roJ eds

-----____ iiSi, i'3h, 140 M5,fiHl.,..., 1:1

Tor al

1,. 116,541

Depar11nenl or \ c: ncult ure
.\ gritulturnl .\ dJ11st111en1 Adffilll lS I ration ______ ------ ---Burenu of A p; ri e u I l ll rn l Eronom 1c:s _____ _______
.\ c; ri cultura l j.\larketin~-Sef~·ice _____________ _____
Ilureau of Enromolo).!) and
Plant Quarantine __________
Fores t Se n · ice
Bu r eau of R ome ft:C'onomits
Xa(iooal A g ri c ultural He search Center ___________
Hurni l~lect nfi ca twn .\d111i11 is t ration ______
Soi l Cons ervation He-r·,;i(i:___
\Veatl1er Duren u
Undis trihuted

1IJ0.000
125,917

Bureau of Bwlo~1ea l S un·e~
Burea u or Fis heries
Office of I ndian \ flairs
General Land OfllC't) \
National P a rk. Sen ·1ce
IJurea u of H:eclam ntion
'rerritories and l slnl](l P oss('~sions:
.-\.laska Road Co111mis:-; 111n
.\l aska. miscel la n eo11,
Virg in I" lands
Depa rtment of Luhor
Bureau or Labor Statisti(•:, ;
Library of Congress
Depa rtm en t or the Nn,·~
Burea u or Yard s and Docks
Federnl Sec urity .\ g:e ncr:
O ffi ce or Edu c9 tion

l ~. :-;. Coast Uunnl

Oill('e o f the Ree re1 :1r) ( 1)1\
gion of Tax Regen rrhl
\"eteraos' .\dm10i ~tra1 ion
\\"n r D epa rt meat :
Q u a rt ermas ter Corps

I·

"i:1, I Hi. '.t!lf

,~,. :m t

!)ti, 01.10

I, CMKI
.;, ();jfj

11,5, 000

.;, tlli7, 100
fi. :Jfil, :?~a

,,,619,411
2~9. 692
140, 137
1%,b57
1, H43, 36fi
58. 333
40,000

trari, e

L20. ,..._~I

Hi, 70b

no.101,
1:i1,,;:1:1
19U, 911:J

L lfi7. :3il
ofi, 01111

'.!,

,o. .

:!!ti. O:!U
'.?,i",. ,.-) ....
H, S"fi

.1. t.iOl

i'. V5·1

175, 9\1.1
2, :i:i:1
40, 01111

:m.,17

:?ti, 7H!I

l,!H,

7. •~Si. 3fil

i'. :.?,1) I. i!li'

;m:!.t1ti-l

" ,lS.Ul-1

":.?0, i'fh
'.!Ii. 7:,n

:i-t '.!lh
'I. O#i9

22fi. ~02
Iii. i J5
V5. 62.5

5,

093. 379
3i. '.?7~

,. 042
16S,

fia. o:m

9 1,X(HI

5. ·Hif>. Sfi\l

3a. ,q
i, 721

'.!. iOfi
;j, '-,'JS
'.!'2"i. ,20
I,

490

093
-10,, 3"'

am.

15~. 102

~,2

3:!J
ti, fi()I
16..~lf1

1. ~~6. i5fi

1. \l'.!I.

oa . . .

H:?, i'J ,

116,500

Depart meat of l he Trca:-; ury

1--

5. "~3. 120

Department of Co111111e r ce :
Coa ~t ·1 nd <leodel iC' :-;un·e~
Department oft he IDterior

L7, 3tl2, I Ii

\dtnmb-

9,999, 99.,
"'8, 741
9fi4,00!J
73,201
\90, ,o,
%3, 70-!
17 1 511. 7lfi

I Iii, (HIO

.;oo

!I, HfiO. 000

3:l9, ~~ 5

171, I

1:1

!12!"1, ,-.:,..,

ill, 712

li, ,W,,

:i . . .

121

:?. ➔ "fl

..._55. Jill

3.~. ti:t!

9:?H, 12.,

3~. ~71,

Jfi. !llfi. :i:ti

.=in;,, :r•..:{

' 19:1~ Act f_u nd s a ll oC'ated 10 I he_Na t ional Hesourt·t'~ Planning- Board
of t11e bx~ecu 11,·e OlliC"c of t ile Pres ident were lrnos ferrcd to the n('nrral
Land Oll1 re of thC' Depn rt 111rnt of the I nterior in J an uary HIIO
So urce: U S. Trea:-; ur) I h·11nrr ment reµort on the :, ; tat u s of ruud s nnd
analy:, ; es of e"penclitures undrr I he ER .\ .-\ c t s or HJ:l5, H1:rn, Hl~7. 193~, and
1919. as of Jun e
1\HO .

30,

t li 1· I nt <' ri or \\'[I S trn ns f1•nTd '5,(rn:-i.non for th<'
fur t lH·r d<',·<' lopnwnl of p11hlic r ecn ':t tionnl nn·:1s
in 11.1tion:1l p:Hks. Th( • Burea u of J..,nhor St.1t is l ics l'('C'ci V<'d n 11 n !location of 1wnr l_v t \\·o
mi Ilion do lln rs (.'' l .0~7 ,000). Sm:1 I l(• r :unou n ts
\\"l' l'l' trn nsfe rr<•d to tlw ot lwr ag< 'll('i(·S.
Tli e statu s o f fund s t he am o unt s :dlornt<'<l,
obli gated . :incl ('X pendl'd - t hnt ll'<'n' npprn printcd to t h<' \\' P.\ 11 11<ler t l1e ]~K A .\ ct, of

REPORT o;,.: PROGRESS OF THE WPA PROOR.\M

19:39, us " ·dl us t hr statu s of the 19:3 At
fund , us o f ,Tune :'30. 1940 , i ' ho,rn by agenci es

in Tahk VlU of tlw ap rwnd ix.

,,·a , c:; rw nt on projl'Cl operation s and ., :? , l:'i9 ,000
Expenditmc
for a drnini -trati,·e purpOSl'S.
unc!Pr the niriou ERA Act arc hown by
agl' neies in Table ,-nl.

Expenditures o f WPA Funds
Trend of Expenditu res

\Y PA t•x1wrn liturl's of L1' edcrn l fund s clm·ing
t l1 (' year c' rHlin g -Tmw :rn , 1940 , tota led . 1,520 ,1on .ooo. This amount inc lucks not only ('Xpenditurrs of funds appropriated hy tlw ER .\.
Act of l 9:39, but also rlH'cks iss uPd in liquidat ion of ob ligations which ha d hl'l'n inctUTNl
under prior act s ancl ,,·l'n' carri ed oYer into lh l'
ti. ca l :nnr 1940 .
.\.pproximntdy 9:3 JWl'C'(' nt , or." I .40 .5 72 ,000 .
o f th r ex penditures Wl'rl' made for projects o p<' rnled clireC'l ly hy th e \VPA . (Th l'Sl' Fcc!Prnl
fund s used on \YP.\. proj ('C l o pnalions an •
:111n l_Y Zl' d in comwction with s ponsors' cx1wndil11n•. in a folio,,-ing ·w cl ion. ) S m:11\ amounts
lo lnlin g .'47 ,:) 00 ,,·en• s rw nl for llH' relief of
,-ictims of the :-Iimwc:;ot :1 to rnndo , for settlement
of prop er[_\- dnrnng(' eln ims. and for final paynwnt in conn ection ,,·ith t he surplus clothing
program and llw aid to sdf-hclp nnd coo pcratin•
nssoc intion , iniliall'cl under th e ERA Act of
1038. Admini s tralin· t•x rw nsc's for nc tiYilies
co ncluC'l ecl b-'- tlw \Y PA .1 rnoun ted to
~:"5:'3, 171 ,000. Expl'nclit11n's of .",38.:'{ I G, 000 ,,·ere
made from \YPA fun(L trnn s fl'IT(' d to otlwr
l<'Nlerul ngc• nc1e . Of t hi s amount ~5G ,157.000
T

\RLE

21

, \ \!Ol'X T

\\'P..\

()F

F U'\' D,-;

T lw l'XPl' nd iLu n' of . 1,5 20 , l 06,000 in Federal
fund . hy t he WPA in thr _\'car endin g Junr 30,
10-!0. n' pn' Pnls a n'durtion of :32 P<' r-c-enl from
thl' a mount pent in thr pr(' Yious fi cu l yea r
durin g whid1 \\' P.\ pmplo_\· nwnl h:1d rcadH' d :1
peak in the Px pan sion of opprations following:
thl' hu sirwss rc(·Pss ion that stnrtecl in late 1987 .
Exrwnditur(•s during th · 19-!0 fiscal _\' l' ar were
sli ghtly hi glw r (6_,3 rwr rcnt) t h:rn in th l' year
l'nding ,full l' :3 0, ]9:38, were 16 pe rcent lowl'r
t han in the fiscal year 1937, :rnd 21 perc-pn(
ahon t hosl' in t he fi , cnl yrar 198G during "-hieh
l lw \YP.\ progmm \\·,r initiated and den' lopccl .
Tlw :1 motml s of fund expended by tlw \York
Pm jrct -; .\.dmin isl rn tion in l IH• variou s fisca I
.n•nrs il l'l' giYC'n in Tabl r 2 1 a nd an' sh0\n1 by
stat('" in Table IX of tlw appl' rHlix .
~L o nth-to-rnonlh c- ha ngc in \YP.\ expe nditun'c- :He' ddl•rminc•d primnril_v by ch anges in
11P.\. Pmpl oynwnt wh ich arl' nna l_YZl'd in
anoth er c-N: tion of the rl'port. Total pa_\' rnent.
made• during any giYC'll month . howl'YPr, do not
hn n n fixed rdation sbip to thl' nurnbpr of joh
proYid('d in t hnt period. Exrwnditun' figure';::

l•: xPE'>DED FOR . \ CT I\ ITJE,- Co-..:ot·1·T f: D BY
.\ r.E,('[Es, BY F'i--r \L \ I~ Ill I

\\' P .\

\'\'D OT H ER

FEDER\L

11· I' _\
YPtll Ending Jurw JO-

nrand Total

Total
\m c, unt

Total

..\.<lrnini strat11 ir1

Pt.> rcrnt

P ere nt

\m o unt

IIKI II

1 :!.1,. 1ao. 2 w
1. ,1,. 1:m. ,·,01

J,:

I, 127. :37 I. 311! 1
2. 230, 71~1. ~9:3

F 1,

.120. 10n. ot,

100 II

I. I~!:{..-~;/,:{;,

,1,.
127. :{/ I, :{OH
I.Ji, 20(1, 302
1fil, /HO. 31()

IIKIII
IIKIII
100 II
100 0

I. 31d, ,'llili, :riti
"!, Olil, q/1, 910

!15. S

1. IO...,_,.i71,fB7

1:lll.501

H

Pl'rc·P nt
I 0

I, 2;1-.... UO, 2-.tU

I.
I,
:?,
FI.

E

_\ cti\·i ti1·:-.
Condu lPrl

1. /,'"ll, 2..._r,_ 2:.?2

t)-t .•-,tJ2, ...,71

5. I

tiH. ~H. 219
il:J. ,QI, li3;i
73. lOl.072

3. 7

95. V
911. 4

S3, 171. 31 1

3 f,

~J.I 9
4fi. 3

I S
3. 4

by Ollwr
F Pd!'rn l
_\ gencie.s '
~IJI. "-'lS. 3fi~

73. 5 19. f,:JI
SR. :J I.I. ;3,

' Dews not incl uric funds fo r X Y \ activitil'S or\\' J> \ runds trnnsf('rrerl und,•r tlw EH \ \ rts of Hl3:i and it1:{li fo r hnd util ization and rural r11 h ·1h ilitation pro2rams administned hy tlw F'·1rm ~rr urity \dmini stration.
" Inrludt•s ~ Y .\ ~dminis trat l\ ,, ,., p,~nsrs irwurrl'd pr ior to July IY3fl
\ C'ts of irI;h
C' Inr lud t>s work projl'ct and administra ti n• <'XJJl'nditurl's of \VP .\ ftmds allrn•af1•d undn sprtions :1 anrl 11 or tlw ER\
and IH3iJ, rPs p, •ct nTly
n fn rl ud1•s amou nts for rn ist•,~IIan1•ou s activitit•s itPmizPd in footnotPs E and F , 111 add1Ii11 11 tn work pruJt•c·t and :1dm1r1isIr·1tin 1 t'\ ll,('nrl111m•~
F lnrlud P~ $!.r;,...,27.:l20 P\'.[)Pn<kd rnr purehast'S of surplu s r loth ine: nnd aid tq Sl'ir-lwlp Lnd <':1•1pPrntin· ass·1e1·1ti1> ns
f l nclu~ks ~ 17 ,312 t•xpPndNl ro r tnrnndn rr lirf. pur<·hasp of surplu s <.:lothirn?, nid to Sl'lf-lwlp 'lnd coo 1wr'ltiYP nssocintions. 11Hl spttJ11nwnt nr pnqwrty

dam:1c1

d:11111s.

Snore·,

Bn'-Pcl on r1•1111rt, if th+· 1·. :-- Tn•1c;.11n lli •11:1rtnwn t

F I /\.\:-.- 'L \ L S

55

M l\1.-\RY

CHART 7
d not fu ll)~ renect r h:111ge,; in
WPA EXPENDITURES •
employm en t im mr di :1 telY. S in ce
wo rk ers nre pn id :1t ,;r111 1July 1935 · June 19 4 0
M.l LLIO N S
MI LLI ON S
OF DO LLARS
or DOLLARS
mon t hl)' i nt er va ls, :1s mu cl1 as
250
250
two \\·ee ks mi g-11 t r l:1psr hrtwee n a \\·o rker 's initi a l assignI
200
200
m ent to a projec t :rn d th e rrc-r ip t
of his firs t p.1~· cl 1ec- k. . 'irniII
lnrly . som e tim e is rr qui rPd to
150
15 0
check nrnt eri ,1] d r lin' ri e" 1111d
omp lete pa y ment ,- to \·e1Hlor'- .
100
Y11 rinti on ,1Iso a ri,;e,; lwr:111 ,-,r of
100 I
I
cliff rences in t hr n1 11 nh er of
project payro ll periods endi ng
50
50
lj
~
wi t hin ,l m on t l1 and ot l1 er tl:'(' 11n ic,11 fac tors assocint cd wi t l1
0
pay roll , pu rc l1 as in g. a nd a c1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
19 40
co un tln g procedures.
• Includes WPA fund• alloca ted to ot her Federal agencies from July 1938 to date .
The am o unts l' XJ) <· 11<kd frnm
th e beginning of \\' Pc\ o p(' r:tti ons in ,July 19:35 t hrou g h .Jun e 19-!0 ar c
a lso depi cts th e ave rage m on thl y ra te for suepr e enLecl b )r qua rll' rS in Tab le 22 and by
. 'ssi n· t hree-m o nt h peri ods. The m oving a Vt' rmo nths in th l' ,1 cro mp nn\'in g d uir t. The r h a rL
:t,..;c c u r vc provid rs a nl\> 1·e rcp resen ta Li vc m t':ts-

II

~

f

T AB L ~: 22 .-

AM 0

NT OF

\VPA F u;s,r o,s

t

Exr E.:--1 0EO F'0ll ACT I Vl 'r JE~

lJt \ HTblUY, Jt l\

0 N 0 UC TE0 BY

\\'PA

1H3il-· J l"'JE tu~s; ::\ I ONT IIJY , Jn Y IH3, - J l'Nb

I

r

.\ :-1 0 O TH E1l FEDERAL AGE NCIE,-;

l\HII

[I n 1ho, usa ncl s of dollars]
\\. P .\ _\ c•1iv.\ ctn•1flt':-

P er iod

Total

('on1luet(>1l
h) \\' P \

'

Hirs Conduetrd In·
OJherF r, k°r a l

I

Per iod

Total

Ac ti \'it ies

C'onrluctcrt
hy \\'P _\

\ !!P ll ('Jt•~ II

\\'PA Acllv•
ities Con-

du cted h y
01 her F,·dernl
_\ ge neit~s

193.5

1939

J uly- eptembe r c ___ _
October- ll ece mber c

i , 645
ifi . Ofi.l

J 1Hlll rtn·

Pl·hrua·n
~l arrl1 ·
.\ Vt' rag('

1936

Jaouary-~\ l arch c
.A pr il- June c
July-Sl'ptrm ber c .
Oclober- Decemhr r c
1937
Janu ary- .:\h1rch c __
April - June c
Jul y- .... e ptemht'r c ___ _
Octohrr- llcc!'mher c

lt'1\ I. iii 7
lfif,. 1159
l ;J:"l, ,27
liO. H-.: t

112. •=i~.-,

l~li. 7,r;
ltJ i. q;r.
t),. l i.'l

Iii~. tili
lil6, 115Y
155. -.,21
1,11. 9~4

.\pril

.\ l a,·

Juni•

101. Hifi
'I"', fi.=i

1938

Ja oua ry-:\ l nrch c __
.\ pnl- Juo,• c
Jul y
Augus t
ep lembr r
A vrrnge . _
Octobe r
N'ovemhrr

.\ vnag,~
Jl ti,H\ 11
15:1. -ri:t
I/Ji, fd I
llJS, 1i I

~~~: ~~:;
201, it:{

Dec mber

.\ ,·,•rag{'

IW,tilJ I
153. 173

3i I

lfifl, 110

2,

S, 6(il
.1, Ii:{

191'1, i27

fi, lllfi
S,f,tU.
fl, fi.1"'
fi, 117

1%, 111

.ll~. 156

2:l l , O I"-,

1q7 _Q3 J

1

176. 111

5. 3 1ti

5. !iOI

197. 375

5. 808

112

17S.fol l

5. .

lti1J. 931

lfi3. l~J6

15~. 6'>0

fi. 8 11

h• .1:ll

16 1,047
}f,(1 941

:s,.J,1,,

1-11. ilfi
137.1174
106. 281)
128. 357

~· ??.~

132,

l3i, OIJi
ISS

4, (jHJ
4.

102. 121

4. IS\i

12'.UK12

4.

!;86
l,15
ifi~

I IS, ;)fi,1

2-IS
11 :i. 4,9

11 1,

4,

13:l. 3111

127.,04

122, 62i

117.,1111

5.08fi
5, 41J7
5, 117

I lfJ. OIG

19W

192. ,; 10
196. 060
181.SM

192, fi()j
21 -1 . 7q 1

153, 357

lfi7, 211
170. 739

169. 296

Jul y
.\ ugu::.t
~epu•mhrr
\ \·nage
OC'l11ht• r
Xon•mher
l h.•c·t• mht•r

112. ;,:,?,')
t:Jfi, iOi

lS I, 421

15H. S5S
20:1. 183
IHI. 15!i

1.!i<I I

Ja nuar)
F'e hru arv
I\l ar('h ·
\ ve rage
.\pr,\
~ 18)

Junt•

121, 05V

120, ·132

116. 470
115, 911

111.fi4!i

136. 929

127. 712

123. 119fJ
12\1. 806

13-1 , ii5
1311. 572
11 . 6,1
12~.1)()6

l2S.

3 10
I 13. l 1\1

l '.?2, 75fi

I,

58!1
, 12

4. .

4, 7 1fi
4. filfi
I , ~)m)
fl ')T)

:s: -~52
5. 251

-' In clud es expend itu res for wo rk pr_ojl,ets, pun:hast•s o f surplus C'lotllin:! , ::m l to St•lf-lwlp a nd co1J prrnt1 vt' n~snc iations, tornado n)lid. sett l(I JJH•nt
or proprn:.- damage claim s, admin istrnt 10n or ,vP.\ . and admimst rati on or XY \ prior to Jul y 193~l
li Ioclucl('s e'<peoditu res ro r work projt.'cts and ror adrnmistration madl• from \ \. P .\ fund s a llocated under sec ti ons 3 and 11 o f the ERA
.-1.cLs of 1938 a nd 1939, resp e1' ll\·e\y
c .\ n'rag:e o f tb e three monthl y totnl s
Source· Dasrd on rr port s nr 1lw t· S Trt:">as ur ) lkp artmr n t.
:! (-i~ 1 ~7 °-

I - -1;

.56

R E P ORT O

J>ROGRESS OF T H E WPA P ROG R AM

of t.l w trend in WPA op er:1,Li ons h eca use it
minirni zl'S Lh e Lime lag betwee n empl oym en t
nnd ('Xpendi t urcs and irr 'g uJariLi es arisin g from
ot,h er Le<" lmica l factor .
Dnring th e first three m on ths of fi scal y ear
1940, projec t op erations d c,clin ecl sLeaclily ,
par tly because workers were lw ing di sch:i rgcd
und er Lh c prov ision prohibi ting mor e Lh an I
m onths' con t inuous employm cn L m ore r:1picl ly
l h::m r eplacem en t co uld be m ade. B y Lh end
of th e qu ar t er, funds were b eing spen t at a
le vel onl,v sligh tly above th e monthly rate
whi ch preva il ed in th e a utumn o f 1937, wh en
project emplovrnen t w:1,s at th e lowes t poin t
reach ed after th e program go l lully unde r way
in th e laLter pa rt of 1935. (See Ch ar t 7 .) The
normal incr ease in WP A empl oym enL that
beg in wi th t h e approach of th e wint er sea on
raised th e monthly rate of exp endi t ures gradua lly rn th e months from Octob er through
D ecemb er 1939. During th e n exL two m on t hs
th e unusu:tlly severe we:1th er condit ions whi ch
prevailed over brge sections of th e co un try
cm ta iled pro ject op erations, prevented th ('
('mploym en t of a full quota of wor ke rs, and
r<•sultcd in loss o f working time n t h e par t
many employees. I n J\Iarch , h wev er , op eraLions were ex pand ed to allow th e wo rk ers to
111 ·('

T A BLE

23 . -A ~I O UNT

Oi'

\\' PA

m a ke up tim e lost involun Lnril y , and xp enclitures incr ea ed a bou t $20,000,000 over th e
January-F ebru ary lev el. Worker c n tinued to
ma ke up lo t time dming th sprino-, and becau se of t bi factor and th e normal lag of exp endi tures the t otal. for April and fay sh owed
only m oderate d eclines from th e M arch p eak.
O ver th e entire 12-month p eriod , July 1939
througli June 1940, WP A expencli tures aver ageLl $126 ,700,000 p er month, as comp ared with
a pproxima tely $185 ,900,000 p er month during
th e l \.l39 fi scal year.
Objects of Expenditures

N i, wty-o ne percen t of the loLal ex pcndi t ur s
nrnd c· from WP A fund in th e fi cal year 1940
for program op era ted by th WPA and oth er
F cd ernl agen cies repr sen t paym en t for wages
and salari es. For thi s purpos $1,384,4 9,000
was exp end ed . M o t of this sum was used for
w:iges of workers employed on proj cts op erat ed
by Lh e WPA ; the to Lal also inducl cs alari es of
itclmini strntive employees. Ei gh t p ercent of all
WPA expendi t ure is used in proc uring m ateri als, s upp li es. and equipmen t and office pace.
Th e rema ind er, am unt ing to 1 p r ccn t , is u eel
for con tract ua l s r vi cs, s uch as ligh t , h eat, and

FUN D S E XPE N D E D FOR A CT I V I T I ES C O N D UCT E D B Y
A r.EN TE S, BY OB .JE CT OF E X P EN D I T U R E

WP A

AN D

OTH E R

F E D ERA L

Y E.AR~ EN DI NG J UNE 30, 1939, \NJJ J LINE 30 , 19·10

Yt>a r l~nd1tH! JUrn•

'.·U),

Yea r Endi n g Jun e• :io. 19·10

1939
\ VP _\ activiliPS

Object of Ex p enclitun·

Acti\'ities cond uetcd
hy \ VP .\ '

1'otal

\ VP A activi ties

ccmrl urtl•d by
otlw r F\•dera l

Acti \· itws cond ucted
hr \I' P .\ c

Total

1·1)::rt' fleiC' S li

,\ n10u n1

1'ota l

$2. 230, 7-1 !), fJ()3

Perso na l sn,·ices
Purchase of nrntl' rial s,
s upplit•s, nm! <.•quipmrnt

Rro l

.

..

Cont ract ua l serv ices __

Other .......
A

.\J" ) ~_\

2, 006, 8!/'.{, 00":I

140. OJ.~. 2~!J
1)1, i'iQ.\ 0,5-1
Hl, 79:~. li7~
?, .J7fl. Hf).j

PerI cent

6. 3
2. 7

o. 9

0. 1

ce n t

Am ou nt

I~';

Per·
ce nt

A m ou nt

Amoun t

P er•
cent

------

100. 0 ., 2, I .1l7, 200, :{fi2

---90. 0

Per-

.\ mo u nt

cood uctl'd by
other Fede ral
agencies 8

--

1. ~ HJ, liH2, 405
13 1, 45 ',
fiO, 889.
IR , 933.
2, 2S5,

,15fi
GGO
748
Vfl3

100. 0 $73, S.f! /, 1i:l J

IOU. II $ 1, 5211, 111,;, 078 100. 0 $ 1, 4til. 790. 3·10 100. 0 $58,3 15, 738

90. ll

66. 2:m, c;o3

90. 0

I , 384, •IX.~. 884

91. l

1. :~33, O!i'2, :,.,;{9

G. 2

5, ,159. 733
f,7,1, 394
8,19, 930
22:1.971

7. (i

90, SIS, 92 1
26,97 1, 107
479,069
I. 3.51, 097

fi. O
I. 7
l.l
11. I

86. 04 1. 727
26, 44 7, !i79
1.5. fi6 I , 21U
5Sfi, 97<i

2. 8

0. 9
0. 1

0. 9
I. 2
0. 3

rn.

I

91. 2

5 1,436,045

5. 9
1. 8

4, 774. 194
523. 528
17,850
76•1. 121

I. I
(DJ

100. 0
88. 2

.2

o. 9
l. 4
l. 3

I nc lu de s 1•x1wnd itun.•s for projrcts operated by " ' P A , purchases o f s u rplu s c lothing, ai<l to se lf- he lp and coo pcrativr assoc iations. nod \ V P A and
adm tni s tmtiv,, rxpcnses.

H Incl ud 11 s work projPct a nd ad m ini st rative l' XJ)C □ dit ur cs o f \VP A fu nd s a ll ocated ULHle r sections 3 a nd 11 of t he E RA A c ts of LV3R a nd H.139 , re-

~1-wct iYdy.
r Inc ludes expeoditun•s fo r projec ts opC'rat<•d by " ' PA, final pay rn t• □ ts 1n the s urpl u.:; c lot h ing p u rcha st· aud aid to sP l f- hc lp a~d coo1wrat1v(~ _a ssociation programs initiated und e r thP It R .\ .\ rt of 193'-I, tornado rl•lief, payments fo r property damage claims. and \V P .\. administ rat1ve ex penses. D oes
not iocl urlr NYA administrath·c 1.'\pc•nse.
P Less than 0.0.i pf'rcco t.
Source : Uased on reports of tlh' tT . .S T n •asLir y I >epa rr 11 11•111.

• lNA i':(' 1.\ 1, SlJi\I i\I AR Y

ron m1unic:t Lion s, :wd for ,-; pe(' iul µ: r:in t.. s uch n,s
t hitL for Lo rna.do relief, :.1.nd fo r oLli<•r 111i , (·(•lbnrous iLcm s. During the • . ca r l'ndin µ: ,Jun e :10,
1940, Lb c valu e o f m:1.LNials, s uppli r s, a nd
equipm en t p urch nse cl LoL:tl ed $\:J0,8 16,000, rent
fo r equipment and build in gs nmo un Lcd to
'26,97 1,000 , a nd co nLract ual se rv1 s a nd
mi eelbn c u itr m s cos t. $17,8::rn ,ooo.
P er onal se rv ices r cprcscnLcd a sli ghtly
mallcr p er centage o f t h e funds t r an s fc rrl'd Lo
o the r agcnc ic th an o f funds rxpcnd cd clirl' ctly
by the vYPA , a sh mn1 in Tahlc 2:3 . Differen ce also ex ist in th e relative am oun Ls exp ended for t he va riou s n onl abor purposes; a
som ewhat la rger porti on o f th e tran s fcH ed
fund th an of t h e fund s u eel direcLly b y t h e
WPA h ave b een sp ent. for purchases f mater ia ls, suppli c , and rquipnll' n t, and rclnti vely
sm all e r amoun t. for rcnl.
Adm inistrative Expendi tures

3

A to tHl o f $53 ,171 ,000 wa sp ent fo r t h <'
a dminis tration of the \\TPA durin g thl' yea r
ending June 30 , 1940 . This, m ount. rcprl'sent s
a reduc t ion of m or e than a fourt h from the
am ount pent durin g th e prev iou s year. The
tota l for t h e year con s t itu tes t h e lowest annual
amount sp ent by th e 1VPA for admi ni s t r ation
in th e fiv e y ears of its exis tenc e. (Sec T a ble
21 above .) It, s ho uld b . not ed t lH1,t fl,dmin i trat ive exp endi tures in pn· Yim, year s Ill eluded t.lte cost of a dminis k ri n g th e X Y.A
program , which \\·as op<'l'a tcd as a p nrl nf th ('
WPA program . Thi s cost, h owcvrr , l'('prrsen tcd on ly a m a ll proportion of tli e admini strat ive rxp endi turcs; l'Ven wi Lh an Pxpn11dcd
and indep cndcn t prog ram in t.Jw fiscn 1y<"l ,. 19-!0
t hr l YA has spent only ."-±,5 3 ,000 for admini stra ti ve purposes .
, tat.ut o ry limi tation was p] a('r d on th e
amo un t t hat mi gh t, be ex penclC'd by lh VVPA
for ad minis lrnt ivr purposrs fr om t he f11nd ,.,
appropriat ed in tb r ERA Act of HJ:30 . A provi ion o f thi s net rL $S0 ,000,000 ns t lw m axi mum thn t mi g h t lw so ex pe nd ed , wil Ii s11hlim ilat ion s as foll ows : $42 .fi00,000 for s:il:1ril's,
3

,0 1 included i n thi s sec tio n ar tb(' funds tran sf, •rr1•d 111 ot lw r F't •d1•rn l
8;.!t>lld(•S fo r ad,ninistrath e rosts in con necti on w i1 h proJ( '< t:-. 0 1wrnt(•d h:,
th 111 with tran i-rerred \V PA fund s.

$4 ,200,000 for I r:wcl, $600.000 for <·omm11n 1C' nl io ns. and $fi 00 ,000 fo r p rin Lin g a nd bindin g .
\\' he n lh C'se amounts prow•d to be in ufli('i<·n t
for Lh e cffed ive adm ini s lrnt. ion of th e '\YPA
prog ram , diangcs in the' lim its w e re aul borizl' d
111
t,hc Fi rs L Defi c ien cy Approp ri ation Ad ,
1040 , approved Apri l 6, 1940. The rww li mil~1 ti o ns st Llw to tal nl $,5:3 ,!:J.50 ,000 ; rai sC'd tlw
sa lary limitation to ."44 ,700 ,000 , th e a m o 11n t
fo r trav l to $4,.575,000 , and th e :nnoun L for
communi alion . t.o $725 ,000 ; and low(•r cd t he
limit ation on printin g and bindin g to $475 ,000
from .".500,000. Th r revi se d s u blirni tat.io ns
Lo la] <, cl $50, -!7 .5,000 , lea v in g $:3 ,475 ,000 to be
s p en t. o n ot.h er it em s of admini s trative ros t,
s ur h a. s uppli es and malNial s, a nd rr nl of
o fh ce s pac(' . Th e expl'ndilurl's li s ted in T:ihl e
2-! in e lucl r ch ec ks issu l'd during fi. ('a_ ] y<'a r 19+0
Lo liquicl a.tc obli g at ion s in cuncd un ckr l'n rli r r
art s in addition to exp enditures m ack aga in st,
l,he sr vern l ublimit.ntion s of th e l \139 A c l.
:.Jos t of th e aclm ini , lrnti vc l'Xp <' nclilurr s " ·<• re
rn11cl e for th e snlaril's o f the nclmini s lrnti ve
s taff . Durin g t lw ,Yl'il l' endin g ,June :30 , J\)40 ,
sa lary payments amo unt.eel to $-!3 ,58:3, 000 , or
82 p(•r cen t of all ndrnini s Lra.tive co. ts . An
nverage of 26,9 00 pe rsons wer e emp loy ed in
aclmi ni s lrali vc wo rk d urin g t.h e ycn r- l bc smn llcs l numb r to b e l' rnp loyc d durin g a ny y(' al' of
\VPA o pera ti on s. Tlw numlwr of ndmini s tra l in, e mployl'es n •pn's<·11t s 11 rc ·d11ct.io11 of 2 1
T ABL8 2-+ .
A~ I 0U N'l' OF \\IPA F UNDS EXPE N D ED l" 0 I{
AD~! I N I S'l'R ,\'l' I O N OF \\' P .\ , llY OBJEC'L' OF E X P~: N Dl 'l'

RE '

Ohjer t o f E:\penditure

Amount

Total
Per~o na l se rv ices
__
PurchilSCof materials, supplies. aocl eq u ip m e nt
Rent
.••••...•..•. _ ..

$5:l, l i l .37 1

JOO. 0

4:l. 5S3, 219

R2. 0

:!, 075. 616

I. :J9i, 035

3 9
2. fi

Ii, 076, .~65

II 4

Conuar tu nl se rvices

lom munica u on

__ _

Trnse l, in cl udin t:: su h~is tence ____ _
Tnln.., port n t ion of ti li ngs __ __ ___ _
Pr intin)! and binding-

P erce nt

7fi I, •184

I~

1. l fiO. 122

i ~
0 4
1 I

199, 2 1~

______ _

tif)7, ·H.l,5
2~9. GJH
1.,0. f/34

Il ea , , li g ht 1 power, wate r, elec tr iri t )

nt her ............. .

··•·· I

38. 1:J6

0. 4

0. :J
0, l

" Does 11ot includ e admi n b tra t l\e e'\pernl1tur s of \\'PA fund s a ll o·
\ rls

eated to nl lwr F'('dt~ra 1 acenc·ies u nrlrr ser1io ns 3 an<l 11 oft hr ER \
of Hl:i:--. and 1939 . res pC'C' l hrl y.

~ourcr : n nsed on r eport s of the l . S. Tr as tir ) I >r r nr1 111rn1

R E POH'I' O.\" PROGRE SS OF T H E WP,\ PROGR AM

p<'ITPnt from t lw nvc• rn g<· of :~-1. 100 <·rnployl' cl
cl trr ·i Il g' I lw \' , ':11' (' IHli 11 g .J ll Il l' :rn . In:;n . ;\ J ns t of
t it <· ,1 cl mi11i st rn ti q • JWrsonn cl :II'!' lo(':lt<•d in
s t:1lc n11cl lo(',li o flices; l' rnp loy 11w 11 t in t hese
ofli l'l'S av <• r:tg<·cl 2.5 . JOO 1w rso11 s dt1r ing l li !· p:1 s l
An :1n •rn g!' of I ,:iOO J)C' rso ns 11'!'1'! ' 11 nrk,Vl',l r.
ing in [ I I(' c·t•11tr:li ofli c·<· in \\',1-; hi11 g to 11. T ho
l'('ll Winin g :mo aclmini s tn1t iv 1· (' lllj) IO,V('('" ll'l' r('
pl' rson s <•rnploycd in l'!·g iona l ofli ccs ,llld ot her
fi<•ld t•rn ployN•s.
O tb (• r :1d mini s tra t iv<• c•x pC' rHlit 111·c•s i11d uclc-cl
. (i, 077 ,000 fo r t r:1\'l·I. c·om n111 11 i<':ltio11 . and
ot li C'I' C'O nl ra C' lunl scr vic·(':,;; !;i:2 .0 70 ,000 fo r purc hnsl'S o f nrnt t' ri:1ls . s uppli <·S. :1 11cl equ ipm ,· n t;
nncl . J ,:HJ8 ,OOO for rent o f buildin gs an ti Pqu ipnw nt. ICx 1H' 11di t 11r<•s fo r :1d n1i11 i-.; trn ti v< · purpo:,;(•s dt1r i11 g t lw f-i s(·a l year I D4 0 a rl' s hmrn in
d l'la il in Ta ble 24.

in t it (· pn'<'Pd i11 g- _Y<',1 1' , C' Yl' II t houg h 'IYPA funcl es
h:1d IH'(' t1 n •cl 11('(• d liy :1hot1 t :l t hird . T hl' ir
('011 1rilit1 tio 11 -.; in t ill' .\·l':H l' ll tl ing .l tt tl(' :3Q, 1940,
a mo 1111t l'tl to :q n..J. .:{ 78 .000 . S ponsor,- · <'XJ) l' lldit un's i11 t h(' fi :-('n l y <·:i r 1n:rn tot nl(•d :ii4~J:3,0:rn,OOO,
h n1·i11 g irl (' l'!',lS!'d fro m $:1 71 .li08 .000 in t he fi cul
,n n r I ~ns . :i;:mO ,[iO-LOOO in th e· hS(':11 ·' l',1 1' 19:3 7 ,
a 11tl :i; 1:u ,sn o,ooo i11 t hl' fi sC' :1 1 ~·L' :11· 10:36 .
2.'i . A , 1o uxT o ~· \\'PA \'\I) :-,P o'\,,O H:; ' F ux oi'S
l•: x1• i.;x l)ED o x P Ro.1EcT" t)p~; 1,\rn 1> B\ \\'PA , BY
F1 s ( ' \ L Y 8 \H \ X D ll\ S o L' Hl' ~; , n · 1-' l'', l) s

T \l1L i,;

T IIH Ol'<, fl Jl',-,E '.lll, rn l O

:"ponsnrs' F unds

Yt>a r
Ending

19:J,

T lw \\' PA , a lt hough n F C'cl <· ra l prog ram . rs
w
1
0 rat ed in closl' coo pl' r:tli on ll' il h s tat <· a nd
lo(' a l pub lic bodi es (a nd to a limit l'cl (•xtc nt ,
o t lwr Fc•ckra l agc nt iC's) ll' hi C' h not o nly s po nsor
Li ll· init i,11 ion and prosc·c· t1ti o n o f proj ed s but
a l:-;o p:1 rt i(' ipa l <' in finan cin g t hl'rn . From t lw
beginnin g o f Lil(• prog r:1 111 t hrn t1 g h .Jun e• I0:~0.
s ponsors ex pend ed stc,H Iily in cTc•n . in g :l mo u 11 ts
en(' h )' c•a r fo r projects n1w rat ed by t lw \\' P.\. . l11
t li !' y <•a r <' rHlin g .lurw 10..J-0 , s ponso rs· <'X J) <' ndi t u l'l'S slig htly <'X('L'eded t he arn o u n t ex pL' tH.l e<l

I ll'P .\ Fund,
_\ mount
---

193li
1937

Sponsors' Ex penditures

To t al

l u nr 30

193V
19 11]

1, :t2•\,
2.11:91I,
1, 7:{.1,
2. ;i"i I.
I , !10:?,

4,17, '2f>:!
...,Ull. 07fi

------

I

Pl'rcen t
or total
f un ds

10. 0

I ;:\, 9tJ7

14. 7
21. 4

Ul I. 030
UIIJ, 771 [

26. 0

19. 3

::;uu n.:L' \\' I-' .\ t'\ Jlt•ndit un•s hnst·d ou n •port s or t he l ~. . T reasu ry
Dt J)nrtm rnt ~po nsnrs · L'\ JWll d lt u n•~ hast'd tHI ,,· I' \ ,tall' offi cl' reports.
3

In tc·rrn ,- o f t lt c• 1 ercentagl' of total proj ec t
cos ts ns wd l as in th e ahsolutL' a mount of exp c•n d itlll'!'S, s po nsors h nn • inc rl' a ' c•d th L•ir fin m1r ia l p11rti cip a ti o11 in proj ec t opc• rntion s
th ruu g-1,nu t t hl' 1w ri od ol' t lw \\'P.\ prog ram.
T l1 (' 1w rcenl ai;l' of tot11l C' os ts pa id by s ponso r ,
necess:uil:- i1fl' c·c ted by th e ll'Yel
h O W L' Y l'l' , i
o f \\' PA a et i,· it ies: a l,H g e
vo lume of \YP A emplO)' m en t.
C HART 8
,,·it h its co 11sC'q uC' 11 t high level
WPA AND SPONSORS' EXPENDITURES ON PROJECTS
ff PA ex pend itu res is nssoof
OPERATED BY WPA, BY FISCAL YEAR
wi th rein t in •l.1· sm a ller
ci:tted
AND BY SOURCE OF FUNDS
Th rough June 30, 19 40
s pon s o rs· c ont rib ut io ns 11 otM ILLION S OF DOLLARS
wit hs ta 11 d i11 g t lt l' f:1 e t t h a t
3000
2500
2 000
I 500
1 000
0
YEA R ENDI NG
500
-----'spo nso rs lw 1·e i11 c re:1 sed the
I
I
JU N E. 30, 1936
ab, o lut e am o un ts of their exI
I I
I
pend itures in t imes of expnndJUNE 30, 1937
I
I
g emplo)· tm•nt . T ltis tend in
I
('y refl eets t he g rC'nt er h11a ne11
JUNE 30, 1938
I
I
II
I
I
c i :t I ,1 bi Ii t )- o f t h e F e d e ra 1
JUNE 30, 1939
I
I
Go1·C' rnme11 t to d C':il q uick ly
I
I
t li ch anges in um' mpl oym ent
ll'i
JUNE J O, 1940
I
I
an cl . co nn •r,,pl_v , the less flexI
I
I
I
i bl e fin a 11 r i,d resot1 r!'es of th e
D
O wP•
,; tntes anti loc:1lit ie,-.
I

I

SPO NSO R S

flJ NOS

,u NOS

FI ".\.'\1CTAL

pon so rs' rxp(' ndit11re. rc•pr<'S<'nlc•d 26 pNccnt of totn l projc•ct costs d urin g the• 10-10
fi ca l _vcnr :1 highc•r percp11tag-<' t l1,rn in nn_y
earlier period . Th e rntio a Ycrnged 25 pcrC('llt
during thr ,J llly-Sc•ptcmhcr qt1<1rlpr, '27 pcrrp nl,
durin g t lw 1w riod from Oc tober thrnu gh D ecern b r, 24 pc· rn•nt durin g- t h e fi rs t t h rec• mont hs of
1940, and '27 1wrcent from April Lil rough .h 1ne .
Th e pcr ce11l11gc' for each fi scal _vpar , toge t h er
with t h e ,1ctw1 l amounts of . pon so rs' fund s and
WPA-Feckrnl fund s expcndPd , an• pre. cnted in
Tabl e 25.
Th e E R.\ .\ cl of 1030 pro,·ides llrnL at lensl,
25 pc rcc•nl of t lw cost of all non- l◄'e dc•rn l proj ects
ap proYcd aftpr ,Jnnua1y 1, 10-!0 , shall ht' pnid
by spon o r~. Thi s regulat ion n.ppliPs Lo th e
aggregate o f ,1 11 non-Fede ra l prnjl'cl s w it h in
a state, ennh li11 gs pm1 o rs to hahncc• n rclati,·c'ly
low contri lrntinn rntc on some indiYid11:1l
project " ·ith hi gh er n tes 011 ot lll'r . . ince
many of t h e prnjrct in op('n1tio11 dmin g the
last half of tlw fi scal ~' ear h :1d heen apprond
prior to Jmrna r~· 1, exppncJitllrl' fi gure fo r llw
_year reflect, on ly part ia lly th<' effl'ct of thi s
[)f0YISI0J).
pon o r ' hind s, for the mos L pnrt, con s is t
of fund s s11pplicd hy hi~;lnrny :rnd s trel'l, commis ion s, d e p:1rtmcnts of hPalllt , ,n•lfnn' , ,md
education , ,rnd s imil a r ngencic's of munirip:1lit ie, s tales, countic•s, tmn1 ships , 01· olhl'r p11hlir
bocl ie . RclatiYel)· snrnll arno1111ls of F l'dPrnl
funds arc supplied by FedC'rnl :1gc•11r ic•s s11ch :1s
the 1Yar and ~,n·y D l'pnrlnwnl s, the Yc,trrnn s'
dmini strnt ion, t lw Forl's t ~('rTi<'<', ,rnd thr
Burl'R.ll of E11tomology :md P la11l Qunr:rntirn',
wh ich also spon so r proj ects op('f':llt'd hy the
\ro rk Projed s .\ clmi11i s trntio11 .

59

Ml\IARY

were u sC'cl du r in g the• fi scal yc,ar in t.hc• proser ut,ion of 1VPA work projecLs. This um repn·S<·nt a rech rcLion of n,pproximalely OlH'-fourlh
from t he tota l amount c•xpendecl for proj <'cls
Op<'rnLecl by lhl' \\' PA during t,hc pn•v ious fi . ca l
year. Tota l proj ccL cos ts a rc shown by s late's
and by so u rces o f fun ds and objects of l'X J) Pndit.ure in Tables X ll and X lII of Lh l' appendi.,,;:_
Objects of Expe nd itu re s

~Iost of the WPA fund sp ent for projects
op ernled by Li1 P 1YPA are used lo pay the
wages of proje l workc•r . T h e la rge r . han' of
sponso rs' fund s, on l ite oth er h and , is s p ent, in
t ile' procureml' 11l, of suppli es , matP rials, and
l'quipmcnt for project opNat ion. Wage cos ts
nc otmtccl for n ea rl y 92 pl•rcent of the WPA
f11ncl s expendrd durin g th e fisca l yrar 1940 and
for only 16 pc•rcenl of spon ors ' fund . vYngc
payments ma ck by . ponsorn wne for cnginel'rs,
superYisory pl'l"s nnel , operators of !wavy equipnwnl , and ot h er k ey personnel not nvn,ilable
Rrnon ,,., p er son certified for 1Y PA pmploymcnt.
Of tlw total of .'l,902,050,000 ex 1)('nded on
proj eds in lh<' 10-Hl ti . ea! >7t•ar, :1ho11t $\ ,:36 ,fi e 6,000 wa s ex pended for wagc•s nnd snlaric•s.
CHART 9

DISTRIBUTION OF WPA EXPEND IT URES
BY OBJ ECT OF EXPENDITURE*
Year Ending June 30. 19 40

ADM INI STRATION

WPA and Sponsors' Expe nditures on Projects
Operated by WP A 4

3.6 %
$53, 171,000

✓

The .·-10--1,::; ,s,ooo prm·id<'d h>' spon sors for
the fin:rnein g of prnj l'cl costs d111·i11 g- th<' Yenr
ending ,hill(' :rn, nHO, . upp l(' lll (' fl[ ('d ('X]WlHlitures of .' l ,40i-lJ>72 ,000 from l1'c•deral fund s nppropriatc•d to t he "\\"PA . h 1 t lw agg n •gnle ,
.' l ,9 02 ,!150 ,00() of s po11 so1;:; ' Hll( I \\" P.\ mmwy
4 ).Toi mclud1 ·d 111 1lw fcill m, 1111! d1 sc·uss1on art ' \\' P :\ f1111d s l' \Pl' IHh•cl
on
proj(•tt:-. 01wrn1t•d h) nt lwr F'rd,•rnl age,n iNt

PROJECT
N O NLABOR

8 .2 ~
$119, 102,000

* C.,,pendltu•e •

of WPA f\lnd5 lot •d,..lnl•ll'•Uo,.

and project$ o per•ted by WP.ti

60

REPORT O N PROGRESS OF THE WPA Pl OGRAM

TABL E

26. -A M OUN T 0 1' \VPA

A N D , "P ONSO Rf; F UN DS E x P8 N D 8 D ON PR OJE CT S OPERA 'r8D BY \ VPA, BY OBJECT
0 1' E X P EN D I T U 11E AN D l3 y S 0U ltC8 Q I> r,' N D

Total

\VP .-\ F u nd s

Sponsors' Fund s

Objt•c· t or Expenditure

.\ mou nt
$ 1. \K)2, 9-19. 77--:

To ta l
P ersonal sL' r vicl's

______________________ _

Purchasl' of materia ls, suppl ies, and eq uipment_
R e n t of l' (Ju ipml· □ t _
O tlw r \ _
A ln cludes

l. :JG~. USli, :J l6
29S,18 1.0 li
l i,5, 178. 03,1
GO. fo0-1. 403

Perce nt I

Arn u ot

~ ~ 571 , ~

Percen t
-JOO~ ~

37;;;1~

rn. 510. G97

81,006,925

5.8

217, 17-1, 002

25, 986, 092
12, 109.00 1

I.

149, 19 1,9 13
48. <195. ,102

1, ·rg, 459,6 19 1

9. 2
3. 2

15. 7

l.

I. 5

i l. 9

o. 9

~f~~1~1t

-~
16. I
43. 9
30. 2

9. 8

5. 8
72. 8
85. 2
0. 0

s po nsors · purC' haSl' S of la ud. lan d leases, l'ase 111 r 1Hs. a nd ri g: htS-(J f-way

011 r<.'l' : \VI' A t•x p, •11d11 ures ha...ed on reports of Lhl.' U . S. 'L'n•asur y I k pan 1111·11 l : spu11 sors· l'X pendiLun~~ has1'd 011 \V /' \ stall' o tl-icl' re ports.

Thi s sum r cprl'Sl'llt('d 72 1w rccnt of the cnmbincd \ YPA and s po 11 sors ' fund s cxpe ncl l'd 0 11
projl•cts, a sligh tl y sm alll'r proporti on tlrnn in
pn•viou s yl'a rs. Tht lo\\·er percentngl' rl'rttcL
tlw gr l'alc r rd at ive importance o f s pon so rs '
fund s- - whic h arl' ex pend ed for mat l' rin ls 1rnd
cq u i pm e n l- in tota l pro ject outlays. ,\ Lort
th a n 94 pl'rl'enl of th e wnge paym ents Wl' t'C
m ad l' fro m WPA fund s. Th e 6 percent s upp lil'rl by po nso rs wa s expend ed for wages a nd
nb ri cs o f s pcc in ll_,.· qua lifi ed wor kers wl1 n we re
JH'Gl'Ssary fo r proj ec t o perations .
011thty, for n onl a hor pur p oses du r ing t h e
year ending ,Jrnw :rn, Hl40 , totaled $533 ,964 ,000
and in cl11 ckd $298, l S l ,000 for m a t e ri a ls, s uppl iC's, an d <• qu ipment pmch asccl, $ 17 5, l 78,000
for n·n t of eq uipnw11l , and $60 .60-5 ,000 fo r rl' 11t
of buildin gs ,
ntrn ctunl sc1T iccs, and mi scl' llan eous item s. T nhll' 36 prcsl'nts tlw di t ri bu t,ion o f tl1 <'S<' amounts by sourCl' of funds.
Average Expend itur es per Worker Employed
1
T lw co. l lo th<' F<' dc-ral Governmc-nt o f l'mploy in g n " ·orkl·r for H m on t l1 on projl'cts o pe ra(,l•d hy ll1c• VfPA tin·ragwl about $6 1. 50 during
t h e yc·11r l'lldin g ,l rnw :30, 1940 . Of th is am ount
ap proxim11.t,dy $54.25 wti s p a id ou t in wages to
t h e workc• r , $5 .00 was for m ateria ls and oL ltc r
n o n-la bo r il e ms required for proj ect o perat io ns ,
an d $2 .25 for admini s tration . In addition lo
WPA ex pc ndi Lurcs, proj ect s pon sors l'Xpl' nckd .
on Uw average , abo ut :2 1.00 pe r mo n t h per
workt• r p,li d fro m \VPA fund
ThP 11 l'W etirn in gs sch l'clul e whi ch \\·t•nt into
effecL S<·pkm lwr 1939, misccl averagc full-time

earnings slightly and thu ' k n<ll'd to inc rease
the bas ic earnin gs. T h is in c reasl' ,,·as som ewh a t o ffset by the lowl'r limit,ttion 011 t h e
a mount of \YPA funds th at migh t hl' px pend ccl
for nonlabo r cos ts ( $(5 pl' r ,n,rkt r pe r m onth
in s kti d o f th e $7 p <'rmitt ed in th e pre,·iou s year).
The avemge ex pend iturr pl'l' 11·o rkc r employed
was furt her redu ced in tlt t' cour~<· o f t br y ear
by the fact th at unusually sen't<' winte r we ath er
cin1sed ,1,n abn o nnnlly hi rge fllllOlm t of los t
t inw and not all of t,h l' timl' lost cou ld I)(' m ad e
up . T h l' nd l'ffcc l of t h<' vMious fo cLo r was
a n in c rea e o f ahou t on e-h a lf do lla r over th e
tLY('rngl' cos t per worke r per nlllnth of t h e p r eCl'ding year. T h e dis tr ibution by o bj ect of
ex1 encliture w as only sligh t ly ch an ged from
that o bta in in g in the year l'lld in g Junc- 30 , 1939,
Lh r h1 bo r cost inc reas ing by a sm a ll amount.
Th e• d is tribution o f out lays o f F ed eral fund s
durin g th e fiscal year 1940 by o bj ec t of r xpen liture is shown in C h art 9 in te rms of
IJC'l'Ct'll tag<-'S
, po11 sor ' ex pe nditu res pe r worke r per month ,
o n the ot he r li and , increased br mo re t,han
$6 .50 o r a bo ut 50 pe rcent. Of t his a n1 o un t
approximately $.5.50 re prc:'\c nted in c reased expe11ditures for n onlabor cos ts .
Nonlabor Costs

\ fan_',' different ki11cls of materia ls , s upp li es,
a nd equ ipment , r a ng in g i11 1·ariety from s pools
o f cotto n th.read to pi le dri,·crs , a rc req uired
for t hc- operati on of WPA projects . Practica lly
eve r.v kind o f co11 truetion matNin l is used as
well as ma ny goo ds of a n oucon s truction 1w t ure.

(H

Jc l.\/ .\ NC' I AL S l ' .\l?-1.\l lY

om c m11rhincry and equ ipmen t 1s purc lt :1sed
for use o n proj e ls but mos t of it, especi,\lly
heavy ,rnd ex pe ns ivl' l'quipmcnt , is re n ted .
1 l o r e t han ha lf (:37 pe rcent ) o f a ll project exp nditure fo r n on labo r purposes lt a,·c bee n
mad e fo r t ho purc ha . e o f n1:1tC'l'it1 ls , . upp lie ,
an d eq uipment. Fro m t ltc heg i1111in g- o f \\' PA
p e rati o ns t hro ug h Jun e 30 , I 9-±0, s uch purch ases from m any bran c l, cs o f i11du s t ry have
amounted to .·1,:)'.3.'i,,rn t ,000 of whi c h s pon sor .
ont ribut cd 6 1 perce n t. Of t h is a m ount,
29 , l 1,000 was p ent durin g t lt e 1940 (i ca l
y ar, .' 1,007,000 fro m Federa l and .'3 17 ,17<± ,000
pon sors ' fund . Equip m e nt ren t acfrom
counted for more t h an a t h ird of t he tot::i l nonla bor ex p enditures during t he C' ntirl' p e ri od
th rough Jun e 19<±0; the a nH\Ullt "- s pe nt fo r t hi s
TABLE 2 7 .-

purp os (' tot,1 l d _. 20,.'i0 :i ,000 of w hi r l, $_-2fi, 64:3 ,000 w ,1 s pro ,· id ed b_v projc t s pon s o rs . The
r e maind er of t he nonl a bo r ex pond iturl's Wl'rc
m a d e for r e nt o f buildin gs, h eat, lig h t, and ot h r
co ntra c tua l se r vicl' and fo r purc lw se of land
by s pon so r s. r◄:x p e ndi tu re fo r t hese v,1,rio u.
pu rp oses durin g t h l' e n l i re p e riod of \iVPA
o pe rn Lio n t hro ug h ,Jun e 19<±0 arc how n by
o urc(' of fund s in Table 27 .
Fo r t he opc rnti o n of 8 prog r am in vol v in g
bi g hw tl )' :rnd ot he r co ns truction nctiYiti e, a
ex t en s ive as t h ose of t h . \\'PA , large expe nditu r e a re nece . ary for constru c tion machinery uch a s p8v ing cq uipm -nt, road cmpe rs,
powe r hove ls, e lec tri c til ma c hin er y , t ru c ks , and
t rn cto rs . P:1y nl('nt s fo r , II e quipm ent re nt l'd
o r purc h ased tota le d $8 7 ,47 6, 000 fr o m botl,

A AI OONT OF \\'PA .,:\'D SPos -.,o Rs' F' oN DS 1-: xrE.NDED FO R XoNLABOR P o nros E ,-; ON PHOJE('T:, OP1~RATED
B, l'l' PA , B Y TYPE OF P o RC H A>:;E on R EN 1' AN D BY S00 11cE OF Fu N D S

Sponsors · Funds

Tor a l
I

Type
Amoun t

WPA F unds

---

Percent

Percent
or tota l

Am ounl

--- -- --Total .
Purcb

$2. 359. l 55, 760

100 0

$869. 6 14 ,823

1. 489. :i-10. 937

I. 335. 38 l . 23 l

5G. 6

519. 747,904

8 15, ,;3:i, 327

=

464, 5G5 , 073

19. 7

189. 8 l6. 545

274 . 7 18, :i28

=

122. 42:i. 383
59. OOG. 00-1
67. :l7-L i2 L
79. 733. 74-1
90. ~05. 992
45. 019. 229

5. 2
2. 5
2. 9

50. X93. 967

3. 4

71. 53 1. 41 6
22, 12" . .i90
27. 697. 10
3 I. 266. 349
25. 555. 622
II. 639. 460

265. GI 5. 070

11. 3

67. 241 . 388
:iS. 4~7. 629
79, ,\ fo-1. 2·15
60. 32 l . 808

2.

e of materi als, supplies, and equipment

Stone , clay , a nd gl s products
Ce ment. .. _
C lay prod ucts
Co ncrete prod ucts
C rus heu stone
Sa nd and gra vc L
Other .... ....... .
l\Ietal prod ucts , excluding mac hiner y
Cast.i ron pipe and fittings ..... .
Stru ctura l a nd rei nforcing steel. ._
Iron and stee l prod ucts ' ·· .. .
. . -•···········
Other
Lumber a nd its prod ucts, exclu ding fu r nit ure a nd fixtu res .
__________ _
Bituminous mixtures, paving and other_ _________ __ _
········· ·· •·- ................................•.
T extiles ···-·
Machiner y a nd eq u ipme nt. ... ... . . . ...... ··•-····•·-• .......... . ... .

2. 5

3 •I
2. G

135. :i l2. 812
l lfi, 25G, 621

. 578. 232

1~

____ _
El c l rica l machinery, supplic~. an d eq uipment
Paving, other constru ction, and trans portatio n eq uipment __ ___ _
. .. ..................... . ........... .
........ . ..
Other .. .

67. 0

4i , Bl2 , Y39

34.H ll.1 82
55. 1,1:i . .149
40. 037. 723

71. 3
59. 2
69. 7
66. 4

37. -13. . 365
47. ti4 3. 796
58. 746. 889

98. 07 1. 447
68. Ii 12. H25
2D. S31. 343

72. 4
59. 0
33. 7

--49. 7
- - - --

27. '19·1. 295
13. ,1;7 _6 13
25. 209. ·114

l. 2
o. r,

9 . 0:J r. f.94
IO. 722. ~62
13. 930,439

II . 278, !)75

452. 95G. ,18!\ ~
40. 072. 12 1
302. ~ Ill. 97:i
24,fi3,l . 2 !2

·1

li , 077. 393

33. 2Hf>. 327

13. :i3i . 6 12
lfi. 24i, Oil

35. 094. 954

29~. 862. I 74

3 1. 8

M otor ve hicles ..
Teams and wagon ~
Constructio n equipment
Other ........... . . ... ... .

7,537,677
19. 298. H 9
23. o4!i, 4-17
24. lOS. 696
20. 284. 085

33. 6B4. 995

R ent or eq uipm ent

203. 2G9, f,35

i, 7
12.
I. I

I

67. r,

3. 114. 75 1

22. 7
44 . i

27."' ,. !i51
L.:. 3:32, 6130

I

n. 8.1.1. 253

=====:
526. 642. 720

-202. 6%. r, 7 1
31_80fi. t59
.56. 142. 295
3.227 , 033
56. 004. 1 ,5

18. SH2 , I)()1

I

67. 3
53. 0
71. 2
6-1. 2

2.1(). 2fi9. 899

55. 3

b, 2fi5, Hfi2

20. G

246, fi9b, liSO
2!.-I0b, 179

I. 5
6. 9

147.2fi4 . b90

I

• No t elsewhere classified
8 Inclurlc-s space rrots. cont rac t uni :-er\' iC't~c' such a.. , li ~ht and u•ll•pholll', land ll'ascs and ea~l'll lt..'nts . and olh ·r 1ui:,;t·cll:.uwou~ l'Xpc nd11 urcs.

Sourer: \VP A stat(• olli cl' report s .

59. I

4 , 167. 395
65. 250. 370
33 . 379. i69

2. 9

I l

6 1. I

4 I. f,
62. 5
59. 0
60. 8
ii 9
7 1. I

311, "'iH , ·114
39. i-.i7 . tH 3

171. 322

41.352. }f,3
34. ?1i9 , 731
121. 950, 207

hemieals a nd a llied products
P etroleum prod ucts ... . .... .
Misce ll aneous

Other " ... . .......... . . . . . ... -

3. 8
1.9

-

63. l

72. -1

62

REPORT

N PROGRESS OF THE WP A PROGHAi\l

,vPA nnd pon rs' fund t hrough ,Jun e 30,
1940. This amount co mprises about, :38 percent
of all nonlabor expenditures durin g the entire
period . Under the proYi s ion of the ERA Ac t
of 19: 9 construction equ ipm e nt or nrn chin er.v
may not be purchased from \YPA funds unlc s
they cnnnot be rented at prices which the Commi sioner determines to be reasonnble. Practically all of the equipment J roYidecl by sponsors is also rented. Of the total expended for
machinery a nd equipment since the beginning
of opcr atio11s, OYer nine-tenths has been for
rented equipment.
Th e con s truction aspect s of the \YP A program are also e,ident from the pred minance
of constrnction materials among purchases
made for project purposes. Stone, clay, and
glass products- chiefly cement,
and and
gnwel, and crn hed s tone- r equired the large t
expenditure . Approximntelv . -!04,565,000 , or
about 20 I ercent of nll nonlabor expemlitu ro
throug h Jun e, wa
pent for purcha cs of t hi s
kin l of materinl. A large quantity of m etal
products \\·a nlso u eel; about $265,6 15,000
" ·ns spent for cnst-iron pipe and fitting , s tructural and reinforcing steel, and oth er metal
products .
Lumber and lumber products an 11 ituminous
mixtures for pavi.rw and oth r purposes were
al o purchased in large Yolume, requirin g the
expenditur of , 135,S l3 ,000 nm! ,i' ll6 ,2.5 7,000 ,
re pectivcl)T. Other rel a tivcly important types
of construction materials ,,·ore chemic,1 ls and
allied products for which $-!1,352,000 was pent,
and petroleum J roducts, J urcha ses of ,,·hi cb
totaled ": -!/ic: 0,000. Textil es nrc the principal
nonconstrnction matrrial purch:i sed in large
quantities nncl nr c used chieJI)· on c,,·in g
projects; expenditures for textiles during the entire per iod amoun tecl to $88,: 7 ,000. Am un ts
expended for these nncl ot h r item s of m:1teri::d s,
s uppli s, and cquipm nt are shown by so urce of
fund s in Table 27.
Ty pes of Projects

Construe tion acfo-i ties accounted l'or threefourths of the total expenditure of. '1,902 .9. 0,000
in WPA and spon sor · funds for proj cts operated by the ,vPA during the yea,1· end ing June
:30, 1940. Twen [)' -four percent of the total

wn u eel for educat ion, h ea lth. e\\'m g, and
other professional and se n ·ice pr ject .
Am ong the ,·nrious types of project . highway . road, and s treet ,1·ork predominated, as it
ba s sine the inifoition of th e \YPA program.
The $791. 63. 00 spent for this type of work
represented nearly -!2 percent of the year's
total. Secon l in import:rn ce among con truction ,1ctiY iti e are project im·oh·ing the contn1ction or improYemen t of sewer and 11·ater
upp ly sy s tems. a nd oth er public utilities ,1·hich
accounted for about .''199 ,839. 000 , or nearly 11
percent f total expend itures from Federal and
spon sors ' fund s. A t tal of $1 3,44 ,000 was
expended f r the const ru ct ion and improvement
of public buildings . \York on recreational
focilitie , exclud in g recreational buildings. utili zed about ,'119.000.000 or fi.3 percent of the
total. The ot h er m:1jor t,)•pes of co11 trnction
work- consen·ation projects, airports and air,1·a)·s. an l sa nitation projects- represented 3.4,
2.0. and l.6 percent. respectinly . of the total
expenditures made during the fi scal )Tear.
Comm unit~- sen- ices, such .1 s educationa l and
recreational act iYities, arts progrnms, an l
library and mu cu m work , nccountcd for more
t han one-fourth of the expe nditure ' for nonconstruction ,1·ork and represented nen rly 7 percent of the t tal project costs during the fiscal
year. Expenditures for se 11·in,; proje ts repreented 6 percent of the total; 5 p rcent \1·as expended for research a n l record project and 5
pe rcent for ,1·elfore projects oth er t han se ,,·ing,
including. among ot her acti,·ities, projects in,·oh-in g h ousekeepin g aid to families in need ,
sc hool lunche ' . di st ribution of surplu commoclitie , and health work .
The types of work ace mpli h eel on the 11PA
prog ram , of course, Yary onsiderably from
state to , tate. because of such factors a geogrn phic. indu st rial. an I econom ic differences,
populntion concentration. th e con truction
needs nnd financia l reso urees of loca l communities. :1nd other s tate c li:1ra cteris tic . Road and
street const ru ction ,1·as the mos t important
type of " ·ork in most s tates. but was more import:rnt, in some t l1 n.n in othe rs. In fiye tate
(.Ala h.1 ma . .-\.rizona. , \. rka nsas, Tenn es ee, and
Wes t Virginia ) more than 60 percent of the total
expenditu res during t he year wer e made for
project s on biglrn·,1)·s. roads. and ;;treets. On

Fl , .\ KCL\L

t,he ot her hand . t his typ e of proj ec t accou nt d
for !rs, t h an a fift h of th e totn l ex penditures in
a liforn ia, R h od e l shind , nnd t he Di. triet of
(' lumhin . \ r ork on p uhli c build in"", re pre, nts a mu ch large r part of total projec-t expend itu r es in th e " ·e tern s tntes o f 1\ e" ·
:\l exico. Okh1h om:1, Utah , A ri zo na. , :rnd C'n.liew
fo rni a a nd al o in Ro u th Carolina a.nd
York t han in t he count ry as n \\·hole. 111
Hawa ii , n ea rly ha lf t he wo rk durin g the ~·e.1r
ha, been on public bu ild ings . R elatiYely la rge
expen di t ure for t,he exte11 ion of sewer sys tem s
an I ot her u tilities were made in se \·ern l 1 e\1·
England tates and in D ela wnre. Consern1 tion work h as cont inued to be co ncent ra ted in
th e Fn r TT'e t and in som e of t he Ne\1· En g land
tate, in which t he September 19;3 hurrica ne
ca11 , ecl ex te nsive damage. Vn rinti o ns in th o
relatiYe importanc e of oth e r t~· pes o f \1·o rk in
the evern I ta te programs :He sh own in Table "
and :ST of th e appendix.
ponsor s of a ll type of prnj ects operat ed
by th e \VPA p rov id ed 26 p er ce nt f tlie !o!:1!
ro t cl m in g th e fisrn l year 1940 as c-omp ,1 red
,,·ith a, rnmu l a tiv e ::werage of I 9 p er ce nt over
the entire p eriod of the prog ra m 's ope r:1lion.

CHART 10

WPA AND SPONSORS ' EXPENDITURES ON PROJECTS
OPERATED BY WPA , BY TYPE OF PROJECT
Year- End ing June 3 0 , 19 40

2 .

AM O

o

n~ or-o,cct

PltOrus,o .. ,u
l;.od .......

AIOO 5 UIVICC:

........

$ CWU. S YSTU!I S AA D

OTHDI.

vnuna

A(UIU TIO".U.,ACILl'1L$
8,,0,11~.:•

Loci"""'•

xn·

T A B LE

63

Jl\L\Ri

In gen era l, the s ponsor ' hare of th r total cost
of pro jl'cts wh ich rcq u irt' a rl'lnt ivl' ly la rge outlay fo r mat eri a ls and ot h er non labor cos ts i
relatively h igh . Fo r exam pk , in t he fi scal yl'ar
1940 spon or provid l'd 40 pe rcr nt o f all cos t
of airport and airway projed n nd :30 per cen t

l\'T OF \VPA AN D ~PO N:SO R R' F ol'rn:s EX PENDED ON P ROJECTS OrER.\TED Bl
OF PRO,IECT IND BY ~O O R (E OF F t;NDS

C umulatn·e t hroul! h Jurw

:m.

Y e:1 r F:ndint! June

IV IO

S ponsors' fuod s

Total

\\'PA ,

:m.

1 AJOR TYPE

RY

1940

8 po nsors· fund s

T11l:1 l

Type of Project
\\' P \ fund :--

WP .I fund ,
.-\mount

Per-

\ moun t

cent

Per·o f 1
ecol

Am o unt

total

Percent

Am ount

---

-----Total
Il ig:hway s , roads, a nd s treets

Public huilclings
Recrea ti ona l facilities, exe lu ding buildings
~ \I' r sys tem s nnd other utili ties
A irports nod a irw ays
C onservn t ion _ _
~a nitation
Profess ional a nd sen· 1ce
Commuall)' service
Res a rch a nd record s

SewinJ?:
Welfare. exclud ing se" ing
Other
~fisc·ellnneous -" ____ __________

9, 5i8, 382, l:Jli

1rnio $7' 7:-,, I. H/1:3, :11-1'.{ $ 1, 7U:i. ll h, 5,"13

J:,., . i

$ 1, \J02, 'J ,~,. 7'i1

7!1.1, (if) \ , 7-19
2:l0,s9S,Hl

21. 3
23. I

791 , 6:l. 207
183. l4i. ,97

11.fi
Y. fi

1011. 0 $ 1, !Oh. ,'l il,l\;ii $ 1!1I, :J7h, 1:34
,\ fil, 179, 11:3 1
12,, I t :l, llln

2K8

:rn, 629

22.1

Mi. 5,17. 114
1.'l, Ol7 , fiH2
11 , ;j>,,S, 709
-..., 210, Sl~I

40. 3
22. 2
27 :,.,

:lo.!!
10 , 4

2. u:H. n;, ;1\1
ifii, !!Hi, !llit)

.....,.,. 2-40, 2:~3

s. 9

7 1:J, :t.!ti, '_>!l[1

Ill , Ulf., \13,

13. I

11 U. 33\1, !l2:l

fi. 3

964. 742. 044
200. 505. 15:l
37, , .185. 5(11
201, 42fl. OfiH

lfl. I
2. 1
4 0
2. I

7Sli. HUI. ,25

717, 2HI
1iU3. 73 1
!>UL 5H2
71-..., 2fi4

21. 5

1.10, :-,,11, IHI
:t1.1. ~~J:t non
lW, 707 , Sil.\

:?Oi,
IH,
,'l2.
IO.

21.-...
13. ti

19\1, , 3,, Ii Ill
37, 279, 150

113,:?-...I,[>:!fi
22, 261. 7:-,,-..,
Ml. t:lll.11(1

20. 2

'!1l, 7;,,.'o, 1:J(i

10. 5
2. (I
:1. I
I.ti

2, 05H. H26. 6'-i~

21. .1

1, i>O!I, 3 12, 7:l I

2.10, til :3, 95 1

12. 2

15 1. 0S3. 001

2:3. i

:im,. •'"· 207

~2.

59fl. 391. 63 1
41 3,0'>1.~II
f\32. uo,. 401
3 12. 21.,,"'-, 1.,,(Jfi
105. 251i, 000

fi. 2
4. :i

SJ:$, l ,"10, {;Jfi

11. 0
13. 9

10a. :,.,21.,,, 57fi

,'l. 2

3. 3
I. 1

57. 01"'-, "'-13
fi, \112, 035

1,. 3
6. r.

131.
9-..,,
11'>,
90.
12,

ti

35.1. \32. 2!1,)
,11.,,t'l, 7 1,1, -...0 [1
25 .1. 23\1, v:l3
t/1.,,, 3 1:3. 116.'i

~3. 2 IO. b(IS
.57. 2 HI, SHI
lfi, H12. M!9

I 7
0. 7

,o. 171 . ,,1
20t1
103.
'19, 1.,,-lS,Ofll
10, ,oo. 17 1

2-.... Ofi-~.
1-.... ()02,
1 1. 5\17,
20, 21iH,
I. fifiO,

191, (ifiO, "ii i

2. 0

1:1~. o;-;-, iili

53. ,1 , 3, 2f>II

2,. 0

I :i

17. 296. 01

6.f1

----

7. 3

'> U7. 32.)
-t 7 1, 4til
135. llli3
111, ,)Sf,
400, tJtUi

2f1 , !HO. fiH~

6.

n. 2

H3,

oo.-..., 24J I

21. .111, fil I

s:i,.

---~-

2fi.

sm,. 7tM

30. 2

2.,. 3
I=
lb. 3

--,- 74H
577
454
192
522

21. 3
18. :l
12. 4
22 5
13. 3

==
32. 1

b, 1\1 1, 600

"' In clu des ndjus 1mcnt o f \\'"PA expenditures to total reported hy the Trec1s ur y J>eparLment ; s ponsors · e, prndJtures for land, lnnd leas
find rights-of-way, ror whi ch the distribution h y type or project 1s not anulab le; ood projec ts ool inc lud ed under the lwadin!!s a ho\'e.
"ource: \\' P .A stat e o fli ce repo rt s .

26. 0

--- -

227, !i8 I. 176
5,\, :J34, 85 1

~. 727, 3U2, JfiX
998 , 96. Hll3

fi.l_ -..,1-.., , ,-..,HI

P er·
cent of
total

, easements ,

64

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T H E WPA PROGR AM

of lh e cosls of public bui ld in gs pro jec ls,
whi c h req u irP m o rl' mnte ri als and eq uipm e nt
th an d o onw o llH'l' lypl'S of ,rn rk. Th l' s po nso rs'
sh,1re o f llw lola l cost is lowl' r , on llw ol hn
l1 :1nd, fo r p rojl'CLS requi ring relati n-ly sm nll
non labo r expe nd i l u rL'S. s uch as Cl' rl n in co ns0 r-va lion nc liYil ies nnd m:rny lypes of pro fess io nal
a n d cr Yicc wo rk. s inc e th e wage of all ce r-

t ifi ccl w rkcr ar e p aid fro m F ed eral WPA
fund . .
Dctn il ed data on exp endi t ures for ead1 typ e
o f p r je ·t b y . ource of fund a nd o bj ect of
exp e ndi t ure. from the beginnin g o f t.J1 e progra m thro ugh Jun e 30, 1940, ar e hown in
T ,1 hl c X of th e :1p1 endix, and for t he year
ending J u ne 30, 1940 , in T a bl e XL

PROJECT ACCOMPLISHMENTS
rcq uircm en t of t l1 e 1\' PA prog ram is
th:t t work ers sh a ll be employ ed 0 11 pro jects
of a useful na t ure. P ro ject work pe rform ed
by 1VPA employees h as invoh ·ed m any k.ind
of aC" tivi ty and h as produ ced a wid e va riety of
use ful pub liC' impro vem en t a.nd publiC' se rvices .
l\Iost o f tli e work h as b ee n di rected to ward s th e
impro vem en t a nd extension of ph ys iC' al fa('ilities
fo r trnn po rtatio n, edu c::i tio n, recrea tio n, public
hea lth and a nita tion , a nd welfare, m1d faci.litie rcq11ired in tl,e p erform a nce of ot l,e r g-o vc rnment, fun ('tio n . wlore a d equa te higl,way a nd
street system s; new airpor ts; tl1 o us: nd of ne\\.
a nd impro v d school b11ildin g , h o pi ta ls, a nd
oth r publi c l ui.ldin gs; additio nal se wa ge and
water t reatm e n t fac ilities; and m :t n:v other
nc bie vem e nt.' t ha t nre tangibl e and endurin g
hiw c res ul ted from 1\'PA C"onstnl<' Lio n work .
ig nifi can t c ntribu tio ns to th e ('Op e a nd
q uali ty of public ervices h a ve re ul te d from
th e no nC" o nstrn c-tion project th ro ug h whi C' h
in st ru c tio n, re(' rea tion a l leade rs hip , p erso nn el
for p lannin g n.nd researc h, a nd oth e r kind of
a s isti1n<·e h:i ve b een m ad e ava ilnble to t he
va rio u communities.
T own , <· ity, ·o unty, and state gove rnm en ts
a nd o th r r publi p onso rin g ngen cies have ta k en
t he ini t in t ive in the 1\'PA unde rta kings. Th e:·,
not only propose th e proj ect a nd pn rtic-ip ate
act in l_y in th eir op era tion , but t hc_v a l o co ntrihull' abo ut on c-fo11r th of th e tota l proj ect
co ' t1:-. L o(' a l sp onso rship und er these con cl iti ns ass ures th r prnsec uti on o f proj ect a dap ted
to m ee t tl,r s])ef' ifi c needs of t he indiv idu nl C'O rn muni ty. T li e influ ence of local co ndi tions a lso

A

BAS I •

a pp ears in th e selection of p rojects th at ar e
adapt ed to th e occ upa ti o nnl a.b ili ti s of th e
\\·o rke rs re ferred to t he WPA by local welfar e
a uth ori ties.
Transportation and Comm unication

Imp ron•m cn t and cxtcns io11 of fac ili t ies for
tr ansport ation and conunu11i catio11 , impor tan t
ckmcnts of th e social and cc n11 omic life of th e
Nation , h a ve ahrn ys prC'domin atcd in th e
1\"PA program . P ro jects o f thi s typ r- princip ally work on roa ds and trects bu t also including ,vork on a irpor ts and a i.r n av igation
fa cili t ies and a id to wat r tran po rt ationh a \·c account ed fo r abou t two-fi fths of all
expendi tures of project funds.
R oad work is csp l'Cinlly sui ta ble fo r op erat ion under the \YPA prog ram . Sin ce th
dem and fo r i.mpron'cl ro ads and str eet i
cons l antl:v bein g brough t to the attC'n tion of
publi c officials in all section of th e coun try,
prac ti cally ever y communi ty h as r cq u c tcd
\\'PA proj ect rela ting to tnm spo rtation fae ilit iC's. R oa d impr vcm cn t is a typ e of ,\·ork
tlrn t can rcacli[~, be pe rfo rmed by the unsk ill ed
or cmi killed m anu al workC' rs who const itu te
thC' m ajori t)· of the p<.' rson fo r \\·hom \YPA
jo b a rc required. R oa d p ro jC'cts ha \·c th e
addi tion al ch arac teristic o f perm itt ing th e
fl ex ibili t)· of operat ion n ccdC'd on th e W PA
progr am . 11· ork on roa ls and t rccts can be
cur ta iled or usp end cd durin g lu 1r-vcst ea ons
whC'n 1\'PA \1·orkcrs arc able to ob ta in tem porary agri cultural em ploym en t, and it can b
65

(j(j

REPORT OX P ROGHES

T ,1BLE 29. - ll1 c: 11 w ,1Ys,
w rRU CTE D

BY

OR

Ho,,os,
ON

h1 rROV8D

AND

HT11Ew1,; C

PnoJECTS

N-

O PE llA'l'ED

\YPA
C'P\ll L\Tl\'E TJJROt 'f~ II

l)ECEMHEH

:U, IU:{!I

.\!1les

Total

l llght)pe
:--u rfaee

LO\\ type
~urf.ice and

un ~urfnred

Total

170. I lo

51. :NG

41~.b72

Hurni road s
~treets nnd alleys

11 2. 20~
50,3 11
i, 573

29 OW
20, 57H
I, GOS

3b3. 1,12
29. iG5
5. 965

Other roads

t'xpan ded ra pidly wlw n econ om ic and m1empl o~·m en l co ndili on s m nke it necL"ss n r~- lo increase \YPA cmploynw nl.
As a resu ll of Llw op er ation o f hi ghw ay
prnj t'cl s from t, h e h egi1rnin g of t h e \ \'PA pro-

OF T H E WPA P ROGRA J\I

g ram in l h t' s urnnwr of 1!):~.'i LI1rou gh D<'cemh cr
J!):3n, llH' r o11 s1ru c tion or i111p ro vt'm e 11 L of
47 0,000 miles of road s :rnd s ln·l'l s l1acl lw en
complet ed . Thi s lo l a l includ t'd a bout 2 ,000
mil t's o f n t' \\. h ard -surfnct'd rn nd . nnd 2:3,200
miles of reco nditi on ed hi g h \\'nys " ·ith l hi ly p t'
o f smfn c in g. T h e ex t en L of \\' PA rond cons lrn c ti on 111 t' nch s t a t e i indi cal t'd 1n lhl'
accomr an y in g m np . 1
Ruml <'C l ion o f th e cou11Lry l1 a,vc b een th ,
chid h enl'fi c inri l's of \\'PA rond work in lt' rm s
of mikR ge. Road s con s l r uc t t' d or r econ s Lrnc led hy \\'P ,\. \\'ork e rs in rurn l H ens LoLaled nh ou L
-!1 2, 000 mil l's . On m os l o f thi s mik ngc (3 83 ,000 mil e ) rond bed s \\·e re g r:1d ecl and drained
and frequ ent ly surfa ced wit li c rush ed s lon c or
g rnn'l. Th <' c nrc the ro :-icl s, lRrg cly of th e
fct' dl'l" 0 1· f:irm-lo-nrnrk cL va rie Ly , , hi ch g iYc
the fa rme r ye :1r-r01md nccess to mnrkt'ls,
s h opping ce nt er s, sch oo ls . nnd churc hes nncl
1 The tota l milrnge of road work comp ll'l cd m each state is shcrn n m
T able :X \' 111 of lh nppeadix loget her w1lh s tatedistnh ul 10nsofcer•

tain ot11er ItI•m..; of con,;;;truction work, a ll of which is und ,•r thf' ju ri sdict10n of the Eng: rn 1(•1ing IJi\·ision . .\ ccomph~hnwn ts on work m thl' noncon~lruction fll' ld . JlLTformrd undrr the j11ri:-;dirtion of lhl' Dh ision of
Pr1Jft,s:wm:\ I rtnd ~ .. n ltl' Project s, arc shown hy :-- tatP ~ frJr ~t.' k t l L'd ilt'rns
in T nhli· X\" 11

Porti o ns of Chi co go's Ou te r Dr ive ol o ng Lo ke M ic hi gon end a p e d es tr ian ove rpa ss

PHO.JE CT .\ CCO:\IPLIS I !:\TEXTS

(57

Four hundre d th o usand mi les o f rural
road s ha ve been built or imoroved by
WP A wo rk e rs; th e ro ad s show n here ar e
in O hio (rig ht) and W isco nsi n (be low)

p e rmit regu lar m ai l ddin•ry . .\. mu C' l1 smalle r
portio11 (29, 000 miks) o f tl1e rurnl road s on
" ·hi cli work wns do rw h ad con c reLl', bri ck,
bla c ktop , bituminou s concre t e, o r rn nca lam
surfn ces; Lh esc are mainly primary hi g hways
tlrnt link urb a n ,t reas. \.York on t he rnads
ran ged from compll'ldy n ew co11 s Ln1e Lion of
road bn sc nn l urfa cc·- in cludin g su ch operatiow as clea rin g, g rubbing , cxcnn1ti11 g, g rading, n11d s mfac i11 g- to t h e g rading n11d s tal ilizal ion o f ro,tclbecl s .
.ln urban a re a , mu ch of the prnj cd work
has b n directed tow,1 rd s th e r eduction of
tra Ai<: co nge tion . Streets tha. t were built
whe n th e popubtio n wa s m a ile r a nd th e
trn.f:lk s lower have to b e re('o ns tructed to me e t
mod e rn co ndition s . Thi in voh ·es t h e w id e nin g o f s treets , r epb('in g· of old s urfa ces wi t h
more clun1bl e or s uit:1bl e mat eri,1l s, nnd erect io n
of trafftc· ig ns and trnffi c lig lt ts . St ree t work
acC'o mpli s hed tl,rou g h \VPA projects l1:1 s bee n
chie fl y of t his nature. Ne 11· hard s urf:1 c· c's " ·er e
laid 11 11 Pnrly 12 ,000 miles of s treets , ril l ,ilkys,
and 9,000 mile of s uch s urfaces we rl' rebuil t in
th t' four and orn'- ha lf ,Y t',lrs of \VP A 0 1w rnti on .
ln addiLion , ne,H ly :-30, 000 miles of c it y trcl't
a nd r nd s wi th dirt , da,y . sand , and g-r:i vl'l s urface wen ' huil t or imprnn·d b~, th e \VPA ;mu ch
of t his milra ge is in ,; ul>urb trn a rea .

B es id e ' work on road I nses :rnd wea rrng
s urfoc t'S, hi g hwa.y 1mprovcnwn t require::; thl·
con s tru c tion or r(•conditi onin g of nwn y app 11rt.en:rnt s tru ct ures, s uc h ,1 br id ges, c ul ver ts .
s icle\\·,1 lks, c ur lr, g utt e r , and g u:ll'dr:1 il . en d e r th e \YP \.. road building prog r,1111 , 57 ,2 00
n ew brid ges and v iadu c t h .1el b l'l' l1 compll'tl'ci
by t he <•nd of L939. Th ey av cn1 g (• onr 30 l't•l'l
in il'n g th . T en th o us nn I of th ' n l' w brid gt•s ,1 n ·
mn son ry or conerl'tc s tru c tur s wl1i c l1 in many
ins t an C<'S r c pl:1 Cl' t h e s mglc-1:rn P s pnns of :1n
c•arli e r day nnd arc \\' id e a.nd s turdy c•noug h Lo
uppo r L at leas L Lwo-la.ne tra. ffi ·. About -1 ,.500
a r c o f s teel and a ve ragc m ore t li nn 1) 0 feet in
leng th , som e bein g we ll ove r 100 feet. Th ('
majori ty of t,l w n ew brid ges, h O\\·e n ' r , arc bui lt
of wood . I-blf o f t,h c -12 ,;jOO 11(' \V w oo den
brid ges :He in fiv e southern s tates; Alabama and
J\li s iss ippi togctlwr aceount for I I ,GOO o f t h em .
1\1:tny arc snrnll brid ges but , n<'Yl' rtl,eles , (ill
a r c:1l n eed by n •pla c ing wenkl'n l'd s t ru ctures

Lor in gs Brid ge in Co rlland County , N ew York , is o ne o f th e
10 ,000 co ncre te o r masonry b rid ges built thro ugh
WPA p roje cl act ivities

68

REPORT O ' PROGRESS ON '!'HE WPA PROGRAM
CHART 11

HIGHWAYS. ROADS, ~ STREETS CONSTRUCTED OR IMPROVED BY WPA
Cumulative Through December 31 , 1939

=-

r

-

R epreseo t s 1000 mites o l

h igh,,m ys,

L
· ··-1_

new or
roads, a nd Slree ts .

reconditioned

To tal s ha ve bee n r o unded to th e ne ares t h all un i t .

II a to ta l ro un ds t o less th an hall a un it ,
no s ymbol Is s ho wn .

or by provicliJ1g passage over a cr eek rather
than thro ugh it. Other road app urknnnces
compl eted by 1VPA workers included th e cons tru ction of 677 ,000 n ew culYcrts nnd t,h e
reconditioning of n enrly 84, 000 oth ers, new
cons t.n,ction of nlrn os t 19 ,000 miles and th e
impron'rn ent of 3,400 miles of curbs and g utters,
and th e completion of nbout 109 ,000 miles of
drain.1ge ditch es of which approximatcl~r twoT A BLE 30. -BRlDGE S , CULVERTS,
APPUHTENANC'~~" Co N~ TRU C'TE D
P ROJBCTS O1'R IUTEO BY \\ ' PA

AND OTH ER ROAD
OR h1PR 0 YED o ,

LIML' LATl\' E T II HUL'G JJ D ECEMBER 3 1, 1939

U nit of

1'ypeo f Road ~\ppurtenance

l\l eas uro-

mcot

I

H el:O ll -

C on - s tru ('tio o
Total lNew
s t ru ct ion or Improve ment

- - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - 1- - - - -- 1 - - -

B r itlgesa. Li<I \'ind ucts
\V ood

_____ N umber __

______________

N umher _

Steel _ -----·····----- N umher _
l\faso nry _____________ N u mh er
C uherts ____ ___________ N umber _
S irlewalks and paths
_.
Jil es
Cu rhs
i\ l iles
__

G utt ers_
__ i\ l1l e.s . __ _
Guardrnils and g u a rd wa lls _ i\ fil es ____ _

511

94, 'ill

57, 200

37.

64, l33
16. 75l
13, ~27

42. ,\00
4. 486
10, 2 1 I

21. 633
12, 265

761, 122

677, 330
l,\, 10:i
H . 532
4 , 190
I, 727

b3. 7b3
.5. 712
2. 730
685
R60

115

21.
17, 2fi2
4, b75
2, 5S7

3. 613

fifth s wer e newly du g. For th e afcty of
llH)toris ts n early 2,600 mil es of g uan.lrnils and
g unrdwalls wer e built or improved and 639,000
trafl-ic s ign s were erected.
To facilitate night dri\·ing som e 600 miles of
road were eq uipp ed with 21,000 n ew light
s tandnrcl s and on 1,400 mile o f road about
:58,000 light standard
\\·ere r cconcl ition cd.
The appearnnce and safety of 30,000 miles of
h igl1 way were improvr<l by the removal of
s tump and oth er unsigh t.ly I jects, planting
of shrubs and tr ees, sod din g and c·cdin g of road
s hould ers and parkwn,ys, and oth er bc.nutifi at ion work .
( 'lo ely related t o the constrn c tion work done
on ro,Hl s and s tree ts arc th e traffic s u1Tcys
n1;1ek by 1¥PA workers . Th ese frequen tly
h ave led to changes that hav e rc<l uced ,tccid cnts and irnpr vcd traffic rondit1ons. Among
th e s un' •ys wa s one cond ucted u1 th e Ch icago
Park Di tri ct " ·hich res ulted u1 th e cons t.n,c tion
of pc'lkstri an s ubw,1ys, a grad e eparation,
rnmps, s plit drives, and improvem en t~ a t

PJWJE('T A ' OMPLT Hl\l E

the
haz:1rd u, 111t(•r eeti n cks ig,wd to inC'l'l':1
_
mng<' of Yi iliilit)· perntion s inYoh· ing con s trud1on
Project
and improvement of airports and air navi g ation
f,eilili<'S han' made important cont ributi on s
to t lw cl evC' lopment of the ' at io n '. nir transportn lion system and bave in vo lv ed work un
about 90 pe rC"enl of the airport s t hat were airline top aL th e end of 11n rrh 19,W. Acc·ompli bnw llt in this field are di sc·uss,,d ill some
d •lai l on pa ge 34 to 37 of thi . rc'port.
Wat er tran porlation a lso hn h('l'll focilitated bv fl number of project nC'livitiPs. The, P
h.ave in. ·lu cll'cl s uc b work a th(' c·on s truC'linll or
reconditiollillg o f clock . wha1T('S, and pi<•r
and o f jellies and br akwnters. A llumhL•r of
artificia l c hallncl and cana l a lso h:1 V<' hel'n
con truC'l t•cl or impro,· ed. Th e <·xt<'lll of t h e
work complrt ecl b:y th e end o f l 9:30 is s h Olm in
T able XVI f the appendix.
For impr ved comm uni cation s(' n ·in•s, \rPA
project worker" b aYe placed in c·ond u i L or
trung 2 ,700 miles o f tdephorw and tekgr,1p h
lin e and have reeonditionecl m ort' t 11 ,l ll I ,.-oo
mile of line. Through t h is work thr firefio-hting- efforts o f tht' Fores t Sl'r vic e have bee n
foei lit ntecl and cornmulli cnt io n at :Hmy
.
bO' l'en tly
bases allcl O il ot lwr F ederally ow rH'cl pro1)(' rLy
hns bc'rll improved . Th e C' tot:1 ls do llOL
include the :..,000 miles of poli<·(• , fil't · alnrm , <1nd
traffic . igll,11 li1w which " ·p_\ work(•t " h ave
in ta li e I r r •concli ti on eel.

Educa tion
t:1te ,111 cl locn l governmrntn l agl'llC'iC' repon , ibk fo r th e prov1s 1o ll of l' dt1 ('al io n::tl
oppo r t. uni tie. ill lhc>ir r es p ec tive c·ommu 11i t ic
bav hct•n aid(•cl in p erformin g this fu11dio11 hy
act ivilil'. o r tlw \ VPA. ProjC'C'l workc·rs h nve
b een in s trum ' nlal in ndcling to and mod(' l'11i zing
th C'du<·ntion.1 1 plant nncl l'quipm(•n( of t hl'
commulli(ic•s ,1nd in proYiding i11 s trudion for
O'J'OlJf),' ol' person<; not con·rl'd by l lH' us u,1I
pub liC' ecluc·Mion prog ram ".
That O' f' at need for con lrnclio11 n11d modcrnizntion of sc hoo l buildings has exi s tc•d i11 tile
UniL cl StaLc fo r som e t im e was indiC':tl ed hy
urnys of ll w lnit ed, talcs Ofii('c of l~duealion n.ncl o f the National Education Asso('iation.
E .\. l1 n es timated llrnl sc•,·rr:1 1 million
The

T

~(' II OO LS A '\'.D LIBH A RIE S C'O '\'. S ll!l ( I EIJ OH
T A BL E 3 1.
h1P R O\ E D o x Pno.JE<·Ts OP E R ATE D B l \YPA

).iumhrr or
Buildm~,

T , p,. of Bud d mg
chools:
. Tew con"tru cti nn and adcl1Li<J n:-- ________________ _

Im provement

L ih rari ~s:

Nf'w eonstru C'l io n nnd tl tlclilions
Impro\·cmcnt

.o, 502
2i, HO \

- ---------------

- - -------------------------

lfil
7fil

sch oo l children wrrr improperly hou d, in thl'
en e thaL their c l.i s e were h eld in buildill g
condemned by public officials, in lempor.1ry
buildings , o r in building which could ,1ecommodnle t hem o nl y pnrt time. 2 The OfliC'r of
EclucaLion a a res ult of its sLudy re po rt d that
about Lwo-fil'tk of lhe sc hool bui lclillgs ill some
·oo c iti c we rl' m o re lh:111 30 ye,1 rs o ld , with the
c rnmenl that " sch oo l buildings which arc more
than :30 :years o ld arc , ,ls :1 genera l rule , ob o le "eent from hot h an educational alld con s truction
tanclpoillt. " 3
It is irnpos ihk to determine what proportion
of the thou sand of huilclin g-s t hal had been
con d emned u un :1fc nnd of the olliC'r Ll1ous:1nd s
tbat were temporary or oLh c rwi se in:1d eq u,1te
have hecn replaced or moderni zed by \,\'PA .
evcrt hele s, th e -! ,000 new sc hoo l buildings
that h aYe hcell con lrnclecl throlwh \\"PA
project operation , l he 1,SOO addition ' built , and
the 'J.7 , 00 buildin gs ren<wated ur m dernizecl
undoubtedly ha n re ulted in con s i I ral le improYement ·in sc hool faeililie . The map on
the next page indicates t h e number of ducationa l building (sc hools anti Jibraric•' ) eontrucled o r re novated in each s tale during the
f-irs L four nnd one-half yea rs o f WPA program
op rat ion s .
11uch of the• rww co ns truction work h.1 s involved repla!'ing antiquall'cl sC'hoo ll10uses with
modern huilclin!!;s: frl'quently :1 rn11 solid:1l ed
school has r!'placcd st•,·c•ral old s trudun's that
were built lido re modern trawport:1 lion nud <'
it po. s ihl C' l'or a ('hoo l lo en·(• ,l lnrg P area .
A larg-(' prop rlicrn of th(• n e\\· S<'hool s han· IH·<' ll
built in t h(• soullH·rn nnd ·out lnn·s tern s lates.
2 "T lw '-."at io n 's :-:;C."hoo l Hulld 111J.! \1 ('t•1b ." 1-(uuurch l fo lltllfl nl lh F
J\lc,tionul Tfduca/1011 11~8ocfol1c11. \\ ash 1ngton . I) ( ' . Nn t 1onal 1':d tH·at1ou

A ssodat1on; V ol X III , \Jo . 1, .J a rw :i r ~ I H:J!',.
J Al ie,· B nrrn\\ s, Th, ,-.,'r hnnf H11Udi11 q ,-.;ifu r, f,nn a11d

\ 't •th,

Bll ll t>tin

(' ' I nit<'d St rlll'S l h•1mrt11w nt o f th e
Tntninr, Olll (•t• of l•: d11 l'at11111. IH;i'-, , JI I:?.

1937,

~ 0-

3!i , \\· ashlllg to n, I>

70

HEP HT OX PRO GRE S

R l·<· orr s lrud ion 11·ork hn s been e ven more cxtcnsi\ ,, l h:m Ill' \\' <·on-.lnlC'lion. On m:rn_Y ,;mnll
rnrnl sC' ltonl buildin g-s sng-g- in g- rnoL and s t eps
wl'rl' re pla ced , nnd \\'indm,· sas lll's \1·e rc r p:1in'd. ~e\\· heat ing f:l C' iliti<•s and electric
ft en in -l:i lkd to r cdu,· e fire
\1·1r111g \1·c re
h:1 z:1rcl s, n ew hlnckhonrds built , nnd ha lly
lll' l' d ecl painting and ot her dt•s irnh l<' impro venwnl s e fl't •('kd . \\.ork o f t liis n:1lure also wns
doll<' on t h e b uildin gs o f city cchool sy s t em s .
In m:rn :y instanC'l'S clilapid,1tcd sc hool buildings
" ·ith obsolete plumbin g-, !t en ting-, :rnd ligh tin g
cquipml'nt nncl so nwt irnes with seriou s structur:11 foult , hnn' be en mncl c into modern
1•dt1C·,1l io11nl plnnts t h nt hn vc good ligh ting,
he:1ti11g-. and toill't faciliti es .
•\ nothl'r \\-n)' in whi c h th C' \YP.A nids s tate
nnd loc,1 1 g-ovcrnnll'nt s in cclu(' nlion,11 ndi,·itics
i-, in m ,1 king rrv:1iln bl e Lll1<' mploy<·d l<•:1clwr to
cond uct cla ssrs for P<' rs,rn s lwvond sclwol ag-e
:rnd for presc hool c hildrl'll frnm lo\\'-in co m e
f:1mili es . T o assun• l hl' int <·g r:1lio11 of this
proj 'Ct work with t h l' s tal e\, rl'g- ul:1r school

OF THE \VPA PHOC R .Ul

,rsle rn rrll projrtt for the cmploynwnt of
k :H'lwrs an' opernlcd on a s l:1t('- \1·id e b ,1- is
and :rn· pon so recl by tt1t c cl Ppnrlnwnts of
t'dt1 (':1l ion ; unit s of th proj N:t n r ' C'ospo1rorcd
b_\· loc:ll honrcl - of r clu ca tion nncl other locnl
hodil's. The classes concludPd o fl'er a wiclr
v11 r il'ly f in s truC'lion and trainin g-, d ep ending
011 tlw in ter ests nncl n erds of lhl' s tudents and
on llH' t rnin ing- nnd exp<•r il'ne<' of the un mplo~·<·d tl'aelwrs a n1ila hle . In .J n 11 uary 1940.
\1·hl'11 a urn·., · of llw e lu r :1lio11 prog r a m \m s
eo1Hl11dccl, enrollnwnl in adult C'clu ca lion clas l'"
nlone totaled mon• than onr million person .
(St•<• Table :X:Vll of the appendix for the tate
di s tribution. )
WP.\ literary and naturalization clas es nre
lirl'cll'd lownrds elimination of illil c rac.v and
prl'pnrnlion of forei gn -I orn persons for the l'l' s pon s ihililies of cit ize nship . Th e nN'cl for t hi
t)' IW of in s tnl('l ion is incl ie,1 tecl by lhr 1930
l'<'nsus d,1 la , \\·h ic h reporl r cl ,1 bou l -cl ,000,000
p e rson s 10 )' t'ars of age and over n illit ern te
( unnhl l' to r c,1< 1 ill1d write ) and more t han

CHART 12

EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED OR IMPROVED BY WPA
Cumulative Through December 31 , 1939

;
c,c,c,c,c,
c,c,c,c,

•

CJM
c,c,c,

~

-

a
6

;

c,c,

6
; C!Cid

;c,

••

C>C

.... J

•

c,a
•

Represents 1 SO new build,ngs or add11,ons to

0

Represents 150 educa ti onal bu ildings impro\led

buUdln,s used l or educational puroo.ses .

Totals have been

If a t otal

ro~ndc<I

t o th e nearest half unit :

rounds I O less

no symbol Is

sho wl'I

than hal l a unit ,

PHOJE 'T .\CCOMPLI ' I-L\l EXT

ll litr rncy h as been grea tly reduc-Pd t h roug-lt
WP,\ cl.1sst• in r ending- nn l ,,-riling. l n::;truc-ti n do c not top t b r , howt'\' r. ::\lnny of
Lh r c pcopk and oth er " ·it h only t lw m ost
elem e ntary tra ini ng a rc enabled to co n tinue
t heir sL udi s unLil th ey a r e fun cLio rrn ll y li terate
and ·nn drrivr plras urc from th l' print ed page .
Al l in Lru cL ion in naturnli znt ion classl'S is c·onductrd in necordm1 e with pla ns approvrd by
t he Un ited, tatrs Immigrat ion a nd Nnturn lizati n c rvicc, and cmphasi I p l.1crd o n Lh e
prin cip les o f d cmocra tic govern m e n l, t h e rep on ibi li t ics of citizrn hip , and the hi sto ry
incc a bilit>T to read
ni tcd tate .
of th e
and write Eng lish is n e o f t h e rcquin'm cn t
for cit ize n hip , li tcr a,cy and n aturn!i znt ion
work ar c closely r elated, and in a f'l•,1· st nlr
t hese cla sc a r c ·ombincd . Abo u t 20:~.000
prr on were enrolled in \V P.\ lit Pr:w_,· :rnd
naluralization c lasses during- a t\\'o-,1·(•<•k period
in ,fanunry 1940 \\'hen a s mv ey of Lill' cdur-ation
prog rnm wa made.
:3,000,000 pc r, o n, of ,·oti ng agt' as a li t'n .

PART I C I P .-ITIO:-.
TABLE 32 . - PUR l, I C'
A T I VITJE,-, CON D UCTED BY

'Type or_.1_c_th_•,_LY___
Adult educationLite racy and

l~n1t or

naturali zati o n
Nu m ht.:· r

cla~st>s

\ "ocatio nal tr ain ing- cl asses
C'orres ponde ncr t ourses
____________
___
Other
Lectures and forums ____________
~urseryschools _____ _ ______
Sp c ial instructi o n for ins titution- ,

A~)if~~l:i~ir~:;1~ll ~~i~fcdcl~il~ren
Music in stru cu on C'la es

_ ____

IX

EDCT AT I ON

\\"PA

~h•as un~

or e nrOIIL•es

);um her of enrollres
:'\um her of rnrolh:es
Kumhrr of t• nrollrrs
T o tal att rnd nnct.~
X umher o f enrollres

umber
29:i. 000
191. 000
1,. 000
5.1~.ml
l fi l , IIIHl
1>-. IHHI

~~:g:;~i ~~;~::~~:

17 ,000

Xumbe r o r rnrollf't.'"

lf,o, IHHI

I IHHI

C las cs in vocational trainin g dt1ri 11 g Lhe
a m c p e riod had a n en rollmcn t o f n pproxi ma l l' ly
191 ,000 perso ns. The o bj ecti ,·e of t h is in st ru ction i to a id unemployed men a nd women in
obtain ing private e mployme nt t hroug l I s pccin lIn
ccupalion .
izecl training for various
family-life edu ation t he emphasis i' not pri mar ily on kill but r at b cr n t he cfl'c ct of bette r
homenrn,king upon fami ly r elations hip ·. Th
improve ment of family lif may arise t h roug h
di c uss io ns o f s uc h topi s a d ie ts, menu plan ning, c hild ca re nncl training, famil>' rl'lationhip , home ma nage m ent, and honw h<'a u ti fi catioo. A l o offered a rc classes in puh lil' :ifl'ai rs , in
2G2](i7°-l0- - fi

7J

which suc h locnl prohlt'nb 11s sanilntio11 or th e
provision of pt1blic rene,1tio11.1l facilities arr di scussed. Other cou rse>- coY r health education,
whe re the em ph.1 s i' i. on safety , first aid, ,rnd
h me hygiene . In addition to Lhose attending
cla es nearly 50 ,000 pe rso ns we re receiving int hrou g h co 1Tcs po11d ence comses
struction
during t he t wo-week peri od.
Th e 1VJ:>A nur c ry sch ool I rograrn is d es ign l'd
to serve ch ildren from relief or ol hcr 1011·incom c groups. The child re n a rc placed in an
educatio nal c1wironmcnt " ·h ich provide opporLunitie for nil- round development. The
ch oo l day i so a rran ged as to bring to tht•
children a con istr nt hea l th program, a w ell
balanced , nou ris hin g noonday m eal, and ot h e r
adva n tages wbi ch th ey would be unabl e to
enjoy at home. A reg ula r well pl an n ed paren t
education prog ram fo r moth r. a nd fat hers of
chihlre n in t h e nurse ry c hool is an important
p b ase of th ese nurse ry sch ol proj ec ts. The
1,354 nurse ry sc hool in oper ation du ring t h e
two-week p eriod in ,fan uary 1940 h ad an enrollm ent o f a bout :38,000 c hil dren .
Other activ it ie co ndu cted und er t h e education prog ram include lectu res a nd fonm1 , art
nnd music in truction , and p cc inl in stru ction
gi,·en to handi capp C'd childre n in hosp itals ,
hos pital sch ool , a nd h omes. L ec ture attenda n ce tota led 161 ,000 perso ns, en roll ces in art
and music inslrnclion aggrega led 207 ,000 , and
handicapped c hildre n rec 'iYing spec ial in sl rnction numb ered 4 ,000 in t he s11rve>" period .
ome of th e educat ional e rvices initiated
und e r tlw prog r:1m h,n-c bct•n Ln k<'n over by
s tal e aut h o ri t ic' as pt' rmmw n t fcn turcs of
t h eir regul a r ecl uca t,io11:1l prog r:i m . This ckve lopm ent ha op ened up new job op p o rt unities
for urll'mploy ed teac he rs and has rcs 1rlt cd in
th e l'Xpan s ion of publi c se rvi ce provided in
t h e Ynr io us communiti<' .
Visual education a icls fo r u se in public
schoo ls have bee n produced by \\'PA 11·o rke rs
mployed on mu cu m extension projects.
Three dimen ional m od els, maps, projection
lid es , models of d e rri cks, and num ero us ot her
devices hav e been des igned whi c h brin g 1wrlinent s ubj ect matte r ll'ithin nrn ge of a c hild '
enso ry expcricncr. Thro ug h a rel:1Lcd grou p
of proje cts mu st'Lrrn stn fl's hnY c been :1s ' istccl in

72

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T H E ,v PA PROGRA 1'1

Th e ne w So uth Word Sch oo l in McK i nn e y, Tex a s, co ntain s eight cla ssroo ms

cl:l ssify in g an I ind exin g :1 wid e vari e t,y of art ,
a rcheolog ical, and hi to ri ca l mat erial s.
fn an o ther educati on a l fi eld- th at of library
wo rk- WPA proj ect a cti,·iti es lrnve ros ult ed in
mnrkecl contribu t io ns to t he library fa ciliti es
of many communiti e . Con s tru ction work h as
provid ed 161 new publi c librnri e or addi tions
and 761 ren ova ted librari e . Fur t hermore,
WPA workers haYe ope rat ed o r ass is ted in the
opera tion of th ou. :rnd o f publi c librari es; in
D ecember 1939 \YPA empl oyees served in
a pprox im ately 9,400 librnri e , among whi ch
,,·ere I :3,5 book mo hil s o pera te d fo r t he benefit

of rural or o th er communiti es which had ba d
i.naclequate library fa ciliti es. Thi s work h as
been directed towar l redu cin g th e number of
pe rson in the United S tates who are without
libr:u~· e n -ice; it is aLo expec ted th a t th e
library demon strati ns prov id ed wi ll result in
pernurn ent in c re:i sc of ervi ce through local
appropriation for th eir continu:rn ce. Other
pha se of librnry work , not includ ed in the work
alread y m e nti on ed , are th e rcn oYa tion of oYer
67, 000, 000 library books and th e trnn scription
of nearly 4,000,000 page - of Braill , for the u e
of blind read ers.
In a dditi on to choo lh ouses and librnri es,
o th er relat ed wo rk , such :1 s t he con tru c ti on or
i mpro,·e men t of administra tio n bu iId ing , lormi tori e-, gy nrn:1 ium s, s t:1dium s, :1thl etic field s,
nnd w:it e r supply and sc,rn ge di spos:11 faciliti es,
h:1 s bee n cl one for pub lic edu cational in stitutio ns. Th ese ac ompli slunent-, however, ar e
not in clud ed in the fig ures pre en ted in this
sc tion ; th e)' nre report ed u11dcr rec rca ti n or
ot her pe rt ine n t bending - in the fo llowing page .
Rec rea tion

Bookmobi les a re th e mean s of ci rcu latin g books in area s
w here l ibrary fa crl rtres a re i nad equ at e

In r ece nt :-ea rs th e need for r ecr eational
f:1 ·ilitics and scr Yices hn s been incr asing
st eadily, far o ut trippin g th e deve lopment of
th ese fa iliti cs and er viccs in many communi tie . Publi c agencies h aYe alLcmpled to r em-

73

PRO.JE CT .\ l'CO :'llPLI S l·li\l E.:•ns

cdy l hi silu:1litrn lo some cxlc nl by spon sorin g
\YP.\ pro.i<'Cls for t hr co 11 sl r11ct ion of n11mcrn11 s
purk , rcc1 ·t·:1tio11:1l h11ildi11 g-,;, a nd ot hr r rel'rc:1lional f:1l'i litics :111d prnject ,; s uppl~·in g- k:1d r rship in l hc orµ-:rniz:1lin n :rnd dir<•c· tio11 of
rrcrr:1t io11:1l acliYilies.
Ln the crn1 1·sc of \\ ' PA opcrntio11s (i.flOO 1w\\·
rccr c:1lion ,1l buildin gs 01· :1 dditio11 s hn,·e lwl' ll
completed for comrnun iLie,; i11 :1 11 p.1rls of t !1 ('
·o unlly . l nclud cd in thi s lot:1 1 fl l'C 411 :lll di lo rium s :rnd o,·c r 1,000 gym11:1 si11m s: t he
rem,1ind cr nf lh c buildin gs :ire p:n·ilio11 s, h:1th hou e , park sh elters, cl11h l1rn1 sr. , :rncl ,·,ll'iou s
other s ll'llctures for rc·c1·e:lli o11:1 l pu1·poscs.
Nearly -± ,:300 hui ldi11g-s of l l1cse ty prs h:1,·c
been reco ns tru cted . rnos t o r " ·hi 11 :irt' loc :1 ted
in public p:1rk s or 011 scli oo l g-ro 1111ds.
Nume rou s recrc:1li o na l f:1c iliti rs o thrr th:111
bui ldin gs nl so b:1Yc IH'C ll rnns tru cted Ii_,· \ \' P.\
wo rke rs. .\ mollg t l1elll :ire 1,7:?0 nc,,· or <·11lnrged s t:Hliums :llld g- rn11d s l:111d s, "·it li :t('(' () Jllmodntio11 s for ne:1rly :3,000,000 person s; I ,..JOO
n ew or l:irgcr parks; m·c r 2,400 scl 1nol n11d l'it.,·
pl:1ygro 11 nd s; a ho u t 2,5 00 :it !dot ic fie lds; 11c:1 rl ~·
7, 00 tl'nni s cou rt s; SOlllC :? ll() golf co ursps;
1,300 swimmin g and 1rnd i11g pools; npproxi mat cly 1,000 ice ska ting :ll'e:1s; a nd 11<·:1rl~- :mo
mi les of ski trnil s :111cl .i(i ski jumps. Tl1<'
Jll1mber of t hese foeilities reeo nstru c tecl or improved exceeds the Yo il1m (' o f 11 ,,. co 11s (ru c( inn
i11 nrnn :v i11 s t:rn ces, :1s m:iy be . cc 11 frolll 'l\1 hl e
33 . Tl1i s is p:11·ti('1 il:1rh· 11·1 11· o r p:1rk s and of

T~RLE
O il

33.- Hi:<' 1n:.1·11 oi\ .11, F AC' tLt 'II Eti Co'i ,-;'1H lTCTED
ON P1w.1ECT>i 0PBll\TED Jl) \\' PA

htPR OY im

c· 1 \l l I .\ T l\ F TIIIHH ' 1.Jf

1} £('f" \1IH H :n ,

193!l

'\ u111hrr
Type or Fac· ili t y

Ht ·co11-

~rw con:-- tru eti on

Acld1 tion s

:-.1r11 cti on

or
1rnpro q•IIH'lll

Rccrcn ti o nul ht11ld1ngs

•i. .'1111

:{! Iii

31;

!11

.\ ud1torium s

CTym na°'iums
Other
~tadmm s and grr nd stand s
Pnrk ~ _ _

__

P laygrounds ..
A ll1letic fields .. _

:-...,!I
,\ 32l-l

1.1142

1.:101;

2 3:12

2. l!lfi

3;

F airground s anrl rodeo ground s

T en11is courts

,olf co:_ir~PS
ll nn<lha1l courts

11 orseshoe courts

7, iH~
20 1

I.

371

Wadin g pools

I , i~l!l
f\::\(l
,110

I ce ska tin ~ areas

1.0 17

Sw immiu g pool s

Ski trails (m iles)
::; ki j umps. .
B anrlshells . . .. _
Outrt or,r thea tres

2%
;i(i

162
I I.I

161
111

i~I

12:1

R4
:l7
,\

1,286

30S
111

.,fi7

3,

.1,t
ti , :17.'1

i. 8~0
2.

1116
23!i

2, ,>4 .\
29R
I On
ll•I

2R3
fi2

71
12
66
n
:12

pl:1~·gro u11d s; 11 r :1 rl >· :",,400 pnrks and 7 ,~1 00
pl:1.vg round s ,1·t· rc irn p1·0,·cd .
Some of tlw k:1d1'1·sliip and
u1w 1·,·1sl\,11
l'l·quirccl to makl' t' ff l'cl iY(' use of rene:1tio11
r:1 ci liti es is furni shed t hro ugh \ \'PA ree rl'ntio ,1
prnjeels . R ecreat io n prnjects nre op crnl ccl 011
:1 s(:1tc-,1·idc b:1 sis with loc.1 1 cospo nso r hip of
the :1ctiYitie . Community re c rc:1tio11 co un cil s
rt· prcsent t he co mmu 11it? point uf ,·ie\\' , i11di c:1k en mm1111ity l'l'(' l'l':l li on.11 prc.fcre11c<'S, uid

This ba th house and ih e adi oi nin g swimming poo l were bu ilt by WPA wo rkers fo, ih e b e nef, 1 o f 1esidenl s of Winfi e ld , Kan sas

74

REPOHT OX PROGRES

in th e pla nning an<l coordin ation of th o local
prog r am, ,llld ,1ss is t in m,1 k ing m :lt('l'i,il s nnd
<'quipnl!'n t aY:1 il:1hll' . TlH' ex tent nf p11hli c
inter est in the r ecreation program i i11di c-:1ted
l>_v t h e fact t h at in Feb ru ary· 19; 9 m e .\.-')00
c-ommu11ity re.creation co t111c ils wer e :1c ti n• l:·
eoopernLin g i.n t h e o poniti on of th e project s
t hnt provi d e leis ure-tim e act i,-iti es u11drr t l1 e
lead e rs hip o f \\' PA worke rs.
Pm cticn lly a ll t he s t:1 tos a nd t hree- fifth s of
t h o 3,000 co un t,ios of t he l n i ted St:lt<·s p,u ti ip ate in th e recreat ion progrnm of th e \\' P.\. .
A lth oug h t he rec rea ti on act,iviti es conduct ed
v ar.'' so m ew hat with th e sec tion of the co u11tr:·
:1 11 I th e t im e of )' enr , t hey i11clud e n ea r!:· eYe1y
s port n ncl eYery type of rec rcation . Ac-co rdin g
to th e s urvey mad e in a week of F e bruary 19:rn,·1
t he publi c devo ted n e:nly 15,700,000 hou rs to
recrcat i 11 under t ho lcn d c rs hip o f \\'PA workers. H o urs spent by participan ts in th e man:·
kind s of p hy sic-nl r ec rea tion , s uc h ns sno\\· :rnd
ice p or t s, basketball , gy mnas tic , and nl lley
◄

C'o1m,111111/y Recrcalio,1 Programs.· . I ...,·t ud!) of 11 ·P . I J<ecuati o11 Proj-

"Cf,tt,.

" "urh Projt1 <·t-- .\d mini!-.lrMion. \\" :lshin!!lon . 1) (' . Fehr11:1 r~ IH40.

OF T H E WPA PROC:RA?.I

hall , represe n ted well ove r two- fifth s (4 5 perc011 t ) of a ll ho urs s pent in rec reation nct i 1·it ios.
Socia l 1·cneat io11 , compri sin g indoor g a m e·,
d :m cin g , s pecia l eve nts, :rnd tli c li ke ncco unted
for ne:irly fl t hird (3 1 pe rcent ) of all pa rti c ip ant
TA BLE

3-1 .

P um, 1r P ,1 wr1crP_\TION

A C' T I Vl'l'I E~

C'ONDL'( " l'ED BY

1r- R ECREAT I ON
\\'PA

): umber or
~r ypr of _\. c t i\'ity

Part icipan t

!lours
I f'1, tiSO. 000

Ph vsicn l
~oCial ( indoor ga ffie<.: , folk - danciog, etc.)
C ultu ral (ar ts. r-rafts. drama, music. de.,

Therapeutic

7. Olfi. 000
1.

ms. ooo

:l. :l37. 000
2:l.000

Chi ldren 's pin y rentf'rs

3:H. 000

Other

li2. 000

ho urs . R ec re:1t ion with :1 c ultural emphasis
w,1s thi ,·d prdnl' ll l'l' :1n1P11 g pnrti cip nnt s in th e
prog rnrn ; ah()ul a ~iftlt (:? I p e ,-cc nt ) d t h C' toLn l
hours \\'\'rt' S ]) l' lll 0 11 this g ro up of ncli ,·itics
" ·l1ic lt includ ed sc ulpturing, play produ c tion ,
ske tcl Ii 11 g, paiJ1 ti 11 g, block printin g, and in trullH· n ta l :rnd clio ral mu s ic as 11·ell a
tudy
g roups dl·voted to t he n pprec iation and bi to ry
td. nrt , mu sic, :111d liten1 t ure .
. \. rel ntiYely s m a ll part o f liH' prog ram co ns i, tccl in t li l' , tqw rvi s ion o f pln~- in c hilclrl' n 's
pl :1 )' ce nll'l'S nnd i11 tl1 <' pro,·is ion of th cnqwutic
rt'n(· cilion in s tate· lt os pitnl s . as:· lums , and ot lwr
publi c i11 s t itu tio11 s for h:111dicnpp ccl nncl cll'linqu (• 1il pnson s. Tl, esv nctivitics toge th e r cons t11rn·d a bo ut :~ pe rce nt uf t he total pnrtic ipanL
ho urs. Th e numh (' 1· o f parti e ip Dn t h o ur for
t·:1d1 111:1jm typ e o f r ee rention nctiYity uperYisl'd l>y ff PA durin g- :1 Wl'l'k in F e hrunry 1939
is ;; l101n1 i11 t l1 l' nl-co mp :111 :,· ing table.

Public Health and Sanitation

Treatm ent

p lant

bui lt to e nlar ge th e sewa ge
A tlanta , Geo rg ia

sy ste m

of

Proj l'l' t s pon sors .1 11<1 the \\'PA hn ve coope rn l<' il in tit <' o pe r:1t in11 of m:in y proj ects des ig 11 ed lo pro mote t ill' public h ealth , J r even t
t l1 v s prl' :1d or di se nst· , :rnd pro,· icl c h e:1l thful
li ,-iug c011dilio11- fo r t he Am e rican people.
Thest' project s ill\-oln· not only th e cons truct ion
nncl improve m ent o f h os pit als nn d of <' "·e r nnd
w:1 tl'r s upply sysll' rn s :rnd rein t ed drainn ge and
rni,w-se a ling work , hut .1 lso lhc prov is ion of
dircd 1nl'di cn l a nd h v:1 ltli se n ·icc·s.

P IW.JECT .\ ' ' O )l PLl:-,lf:\I F::-;"TS

Am ng t hr \YP_\. :1crnmpli -d1n1 <' 11l s in tl11 •
pulili<' lw:ilt h fi<'ld :lr<' l lw c·o11st l't1 <·tio11 of 1:::!
Il l' \\ hos pit,ils :rnd of ()() :1 ddilio11 s lo li os pit:tl-,
I' othl'I' l>11ildin gs, and lli <· impn1\ <' fll <' lll ol'
l"rno,·:1lio11 (If alioul ]. :'JOO ol lwl's. :\l:rn y of t ll<'
n~wly built hos pitals \n•r r pl'o Yidl'd fol' town s
01' c·o mmuniti<·s \d1i!' l1 pn•\·iou s ly li :1d lwl'n
\vithout l1os pi t:1 i i'u!'i liti l',; o f :rny ki nd . 0 1'1 <"1':--.
s uc h :i s t l1 <• 1ww IH1ildi11 g- nl 131yll1<', ( ':1liforni:1
an iso l:1 ll'd c·omn1unil_Y of nlioul 2, :;oo IH'l':--on s
Llrnt w:1 s :1pprnxim:1t I~- 100 mil<·s frnm :m~·
ad <'qunl <• l1 os pil:1l r pphw l'd oli:,;ul<'l<· and in ntl <•qu:11(• s ll'u<"lnres. 1\iking- lii<' pl:1<·<· of :lll
cmergen<'y lios pil:11 hou sl'd in limil <'d qu:1l'tl'l'c\.
the 1w w li os pit:11 ha , room for :1hcn1t I 00 p:1li< ·n t~
and ro11t:1i1l s n mat ernity \\·:11"cl and opl'rnling,
Lc•l'ili znti on , :rnd X - rn .v l'Oo ms. :-\onw of t he
nc•w li os pit:1 ls wrn' d es ign ed Lo c:ll'C' for vict ims
o f p:1 l'l ic u 1:11' d isl'n ses . such :i s l u hnC'lilo,; i,; :llld
i11f:111liil' J :l l':1 lys is . ,\·ho rcquil'e SJH'C' i:11 C':ll'C' nlld
Pquipnwnt. T lw :.Ionis :.[emol'inl I los pil:11 :it
:.[ilton, \Y<'Sl Yil'ginia , for rxamp lP. i:-- <i<-s ig,wd
for Lhr bet tl' I' en r<' of Yi ctim s of in f:111 ti I<' p:H:l lysis
and ot her nipp ling disca cs. \ Yol'k pnfornwcl
b. \\'PA wol'k rl's t her e includ ed till ' ill s ln ll :ition
of lw:1ting, plum bing, and ekct l'i ·:ii f:1!'iliti e
a nd of OIH' l':1ti11g room equipmenL. T l1 c·_v :11 o
<'re<"l ecl ehl ol'i11:1lin g and pumpin g- equipmenL
wiLh whi C" h . nil \vatc' r from wc!L 011 the• pro [Wl'ty
i pum1w d into t \rn theraprut ie poo ls in t he
hospital building . :. lost of tlw tH) .1 dditinn s arc
new win gs to pro \·id c i11 er e:1sed wnl'd s pa ce.
_\.I o in t he inlel'est of public· lw:1 lt h is tlw
,vork d n<. in in1pro,·ing "·nter ~upply nnd
se \n1 gc di s1 ost1 l sy:-- t ems. Bot h t h<" q11:111t ity
1

3-5.

T .\ R l , ls

O il

P t1 1<1. 1c· ll E .\ 1, T ll F .\f ' ILJ T rn s ( ' 11'1,-,Tlll< 'TED
\\' PA
ON PRO.J ECT>-\ OP lcll,l'i ' 8 1l I<\

hiPl(l)V J~I)

( 'IJ \ll I \Tl\' E T!I RO l · (~ I!

i )EC l•\ 11t fo. H ;{],

l!l:i!J

HP c1m'\t•\\ ( ' 011 -

Typ,• of FOt"llil)

... ,rll('lion

:-- l rw·1 ion
or l lllprn\"t'lllt'llt

ll o, p1tals

"\umber

\\' atpr tn •a t1111..•nt plun1 s Xumber_
~111,•s _____ _
\\':llt •r lint.•s
l-\pwae,• tr1 •n trn, •nt 11lant'- Xumbe r_ _
~IIIPS

PumpinJ! :--tauons

Xumhpr
Xumher
~\liles of ciitrh. C'nnal,
and pipe
.. \c-rrs drained

age
Sanita ry

pr1Y1t'"'

_

:'\ umh<'r

.\hand01wd m11w St'alrng- Xumher of
sea led _

I llo.:!
;!, 771

'iltll
l!i, !till

;120

:u 1:i

iii

22'-I
JI

A

~1·wn :inPs
Oarh:l Vt' lllC'i11t •ratnrs
l osqu 110 co nt ro l dra11 1-

, pr...
J:l:l

U, li'.{"I

,mm

1a. or,!J
1,Sli,111111
I, 71\ 1, 11110

opt•n111 c!-'

" l nclud1 •s odclitions In L'\ist111g rnei litit •s

17:l,(KJII

Ill

1,, J()fi
I. ,2n, 11110
2!1, 000

Assistan ce lo chil d he a lth clinic s is o ne o f th e lypes o f
direc t heal th serv ice provided by WPA wo rke rs

and quality f t he w:il cl' suppl y o f m:m y co m muniti e' 11 :ln' lw<" n impl'O\'l'd by lhl' wol'k do n<'
on wa ter l l'<':1tnwllt pl:rnt .:rnd pumpi,w ' tat iom;
and by the in :-- t:1llati on or improvemC'nL of a qu educt , 11mins, a nd clis t l'ibu tion lin es. O ve r J :30
Ill' \\. o r ' n la l'gcd wa tl' r t r •at nwn L pl::m L wer e
comp ll'lecl :ind l l I l'x is t in g pl:ints were r enovated lhrnu g h WPA prnj ed o pc l':1 Lion s. In
mos t of Lhese l rl'nt nwn L p la n L wat el' is chlorinated or o ll1nwiS(' lr ealccl lo m:ik e it s:1fc for
dl'inkin g. \\'PA wnl'k al ll a ll oc k , ~linll esoLa,
ha s J)l'Ovi ded a moclnn ,\·:1ter filtmti o n and
softl'nin g pl:int fol' l'l'si dl'nt s wl1 0 fol'ml'rly ha d
lo haul \rnt l'I' to l( l\\'l l in tank wa gon. . \\' <"II
w:lll'I' in t hi ,, ,ln':l, und l' rlai d 1,y IH•ds o f salt , was
unfit fol' dnnws tic· ll c\l'. Th e Ill'\\' pl:111t pul'ifi es
and so f(( 'll S ll ('.1 1'1,Y :rno,ooo g:il lon ,; daily of t he
lol':11 s ul'f:1 n• \\':ill'I':--, and it ,; c:1p:1cily e:rn be
ill('l'l':l Sl'ci lo ,.1-:rn, 000 g-a llo ns (:1ckqu:1t (' fol' a
popt1 l:1lio11 of !), 000 ) h_v li ll' :1dditi o11 or O il (' fi ll.er
unit. T ill· tiDO 11<· w OI' l' n l:1l'g-<•d pumpin g s lat ion s :1 nd 22S 1·(·<· n11 :-- t rnd l' d pl:rn ls, to~e llwr
,\·it li f),(i:3~ mil <':-- of 1ww :111d 2,774 mil <":-- of
impron•d ,HJUl' du d:,;, \nJ t('I' m:1in :--, :ind di st l' ihution lill l'S, h:1 n· mnt ni:tll_v i1HTcaiwd t he
-;;u pply of \\':ll(' I' in many co mmu niti<•:-- . \\' hl're
fo<"ilitil'S h:l\'(' lw(' ll us<• d to t:ip I H' \\' -;o un·(':-., the
qu:ilit_v of t h<· w:1(('1' al so wn s im prov<•d . ~ Jany
('O llllll trniti !'S h:1n' hl'<' ll prn Yidl'd wil h th l' ir fir:,;L
nd l'qt1 :1 lc• w:lt('I' 1':1('ililie,; t h rnu g h l lw \VI';\ prngr:1m ; preY iou sly llwy h.1d to ckp<'ncl Oil J l'i\·:ll l'
Wl' ll s :rnd ('i ,- l<' l'll ,-, nlld so nw ti nw:,; l'Vl' ll O il ('l'l'<'k:,;
for th !'i r s upp ly of fr !':,;11 wat e r.

7G

RE PORT ON P ROG R ESS OF T H 8 WP.\ P R OGR.\ 1

ln m a ny in s hrn ct's str cnms a nd l:1k e" han'
h<'<' ll re<' lninwd l'o r s po rt nnd J't'(" L'L'nlio n ns a
res1 d t of l hl' <·0 11 ..; l ruC'l ion o r rP<·ond iI io ni 11g of
S<' ll':lg'l' d is pos:11 p lan ts by 1YP 1\ wo rkc• rs.
S<• wnge nnd p 1rhag<' t hnl fo rml' rl y poll uted
t hf'S<' wa(p rs i2- 11 011· ne 11l rn lizt'd in :iP I ll l' II or
e11L1rgNI l r<'n(nw nl pb11 ls 01· redu <·t•d lo li nr111ll'..;s ,1s h in l hl' 76 IH' II" or -±1 n•1·onst ru ('lt'd
i11 (' i11 c• r,1 tors. Th i• i11 s l:1l l:1l io 11 of :1 sc wngL'
l rl':1 lnw 11 t plnnl usu :1 ll.1· !',1 ll s fo r ;;o m<• <•x lcnsio n
or 1·<•cons t ru d io11 or LIH· Sl' \\.<' r mnin s 11·lt id 1
o f(<' ll wen ' pln1111 t'd lo ,H·c umn1 <H inl t' a tn11l' l1
s m:i ll er lon d . !<'o r exnmp l<·. in Oil <' easte rn !'i l_1·
whl' rt· a sc•w:i gc· tr ent nwnl plant la rge c• nou g h
lo pro,· id e scrvit·t· for :rn.ooo pl' rS0llS has bt'(' II
a dd ed to l'X is!i ng facili ties. fi n :rnd orn•- hal l'
mi ll's of i11t e1TC' f)Li11 g S<'11·c• rs ,1nd Lh n·<· mil t'" o f
l:t lL• rn l co 111 1<·di11 g sewers l1 nd lo lw l:1id . So m<'
t·o mmu111l ll•,;, whose res id ents h,11' <' h a d 11 0
modern snnilnry fa ·i lili L•,;, lw vc lll'e n cquippc·d
wit h compl l'lt• st• 11·erng<· sys t ems; ill u,; lra t in• of
l ht• ' e is a s ma ll O hio lo w11 wli l' n ' n l rcntm 1• 11 t
pln11t was c·o11 s lruc ll'cl :rnd nea rly six mi lL•,; o f
S<' Wers laid by 1\' P.\. 11·o rke rs.
Altogl'l her, t hrou gh Dc•<·<'mbcr 19:rn . "\VPA
wo rkers h ad co ns t ru c·ted I :3,000 milt-s of sto rm
a nd sanit a ry s<• wc• rs fl l HI impron•d a nol hcr :3. 000
miks. T lwsL' includ ed pip<• less t h:1 11 a foot in
di a meter as 11'<' 11 ,ls J:1 rgL' ma in s 11·ith d ia mete rs
of mor e th :111 fin•. ft'l'L Ln rural r egio ns wh ere il
i impr ac li c- al lo in s ln ll scwag<' t rea tm ent s,vslP rns , "\Y PA wo rke rs hnve c·on tru d1• d I .7 fi0.0 00
sa nitary privi es , nea rly 00,000 of which \\"l.'l'l'
hui ll in s ix so ullw rn s ta les .
An o the r ly p(' of \V PA work in Llw fi eld of
public h ea lt h ha, bee n l lw sealin g of o penings
of aba nd o ned c-oa l min e in ord er lo pren• nt
t h<' en trn 11 C'e o f oxyg<'n wlt ic-h , Logl'l h •r \\'i t h
waLc r and llw mi1w rn I P)' ri tes fo und in coa l
ve in s, fo rm s ulp huri C' ac id . This nC' id , \1·hcn
pr1•sen t in s t rPams, m nkes l he wa ters unfit for
drin king a nd s loC'k \\'n ll' rin g, kills fi , h a nd
Vl'g'<' LaLio n a long th e bnnk , a nd cl a magt•s lol' k .
d nms, wa lcrfro 11t s l r udu res, boats, nnd \\'tl [e r
yste ms. In lh e Oh io Rive r ba-; in , where th e
m ine-sea ling progr a m of WP~\. has bec• n a mnjor
f,1dor in im prov ing 11·ale r upplic•s , the :l('i d
poll ut ion h as bl't·11 r eclu C'ed b_v m o re t han hn lL
T he dra in age and treatmen t of mosq ui tobreeding S\\'amps :rnd improvem en t of drn in age
s trueturcs by WPA \rn rke rs has been a st rong

\\'ea pon in t he fi g h t agn i11 s t m ala ria. By the
ell d nf Decem ber 1939, drain age o f a bo ut 2 900
squ:ln' mi les h ad been co mpl l'ted , and drai,rnge
s tr uc- lu res o n a n .1 ddi t ioJ1 al 3,000 . qu ,ll.'e mile
had hee11 recond it io ned . \Y P,\. wor k in thi s
field , ,1 C'C'o rding to publ il' he,litl1 ofli ei,1 1 , lta,
g n'n tly :1d n rn ced nrnlari,1 control in th i
('()Li l l i ry.
T .Hi1.i,:

3U . - l\1E DH ' 11.

,xo

D i,:"-r

11 . SERv 1<·E~

P1w-

1· 1DED OH F -\C I L I T .1-r ~; 1> r1rnot' G 11 P H0.1E<'T:,; OPEHATE D
\\'PA .I
fl )
0

, um her of
Persons
~Ietli t<.11 and dl'ut :11 t'\tt 111111atio u ~ aad 1n•utJLw11t s
Tests madt> c\\"assl'nnann. Knhn. ~rhiC'k, ~l"n11t ou,. Dick.
P l (')

Immuni1 atJ011s rom plt•ll• d (diphther ia, rtH.'nSll's, sraril't
fe\Pr, s111a llpo\.. typhoid fi•\' l' r. et.c.) .
~ lrn:lwh •s :sen ltt..·s hy loca l
professio1 1nl 11t:rso ouel.

age □ ril• s

242, 700
2,500
17,200

s ubs ta uually assisted by " rPA

Di rec t m ed ical nnd healt h sc n ·ices fo r person
who C'n uld no t t he n,·ise a fl'un l t ltem l1a \·e been
fur11i sl1 ed by \\'P .\ whi te co ll :1 r ,lll d pro fessiona l
wo rkors , mo t o f t l1om u11 e111 plo_ved ph_vsicia ns,
reg is ll' red nurses, denti sts , and chemists.
L's un lly these se n ·iec a rt' s up plem enta ry to
tho"e prov id ed b.v local lt t':1lth agen ic a t
mcdi C':11 and cle11 t:1l clini c", but of te n t hoy are
ex te nded in regio 11 s whe re s uc h se n ·icc are
o t lw rwi so n ot a va il able . D urin g n t ll' o-w eek
period in ,J anu ary l 9-!0 , \\' PA doc tors , de ntis t ,
and nu rses ass is ted in t he ex:1rnin,1ti on and
trea tm ent of a bo ut 2-!3,000 elt ild ren and a du lts.
So ml' werl' l l'l':1ll'd i11 dentn l and med il' a l clinic ,
ot lt l' l'S in t heir 0\1'11 ho nws o r in puh lil' schools
nnd ol hl'l' in s lilulions. During the s:rnw pni od
t lw \VPA wo rk vrs m ad e a bout :3, 000 tes ts
(s ucl1 as lhe .., (' hiek t cs l fo r s usce ptibi lity to
d iph ll 1eria) and ad min is lt' l'L'd l 7 .000 im rn un izal io ns ngain s L diphtlw ri,1. typh oid fev er,
whoo ping co ugh , nnd oth er infPcl io us di asc .

Welfare
W cl fare act iYiti cs of ta te n nd local gonrnmen tnl age ncies, o th er t ita n health serv ices,
haYc a lso bee n xte nded t hro ug h th e coo peratio n of the \VPA . On sewing room projec ts ,
ope mt ed in all s tat e", \Y PA wor kers produce

77

PROJ E T ACC OMPLI Hi\IE •T s

fo r the u. e o f nred~· per, 011 ~ :1 1·a ri ety of garments ; m1111v t~· pes f house l, old nrti cles includin g s heets , pillo1H' t:1ses, towels, ,111cl ot her
linen ; n nd s urgicu l dress in gs and firs t a id s up1 Iie. . Throu g h Dec ember 3 1, rn:rn . t he project
rnpl oyee. , mos t of 1d10m a re 11·o me 11 , !i ncl c·.orn1 leted a lmos t 222 ,700 ,000 pi eces of c lot hin g :rnd
abo ut G ,000,000 oth e r a rticl es. T he :1cco mp:111ying map inclicnte - the ntunh er of artic les
prod uced o n WPA se11·i11 g projects in rn c li s tate.
Proj ects on 1vhi ch lunches nre served t
u ncler1101 1ri . heel sc hoo l ch ild re11 res ult not o nly
in better hl'a It h but in lwt ter g rndPs. bet tcr
·hoo l attendance, and bette r nttitudes on t he
part f t he c hild ren . From t he beg innin g of
the program t hrough D e e mb e r I f):39 , more
th a n 3 4,000,000 lunches were se n ·pcl ; n o ne
day in .fonuary 1940 , a bout l.000.000 c h ildren
r ece ived lun c hes pr e par ed b)· project. wo r kers in
nearl y 11,200 pm-ticipating scl ,oo ls.
H o u ekee pin g a ide projects provide nonntLrs in g f' er vice in h o m es 11·he re t he reg-ul:i r
ho me mnk er is incu p ac it ated or wlLCre some ot her
em e rgen cy ex is ts. Up to t he e ncl o f 1939 , over

17 million Yi sits h ad b en mad e by lwusekeeping aides, w ho rend e r th I d ccl em e rgen c~·
assis tanc e and nLo :1ttempt, to introduce int o
t h e home be tte r method s and hi g h er s tand a rd :,,
which wil l be of pe rm:u1enl vn lue to t he famil y .
T A BLE

37 . A rr o,1PI. IS II\I E:s"TS O N H 1s Lls C'TE D TY P E S O F
\\ ' E LF A l<E f>HO.l !s( "I' ,-; 0 P ls H \' n;l) BY \V PA
r u ,1 L' l \ T l\' E T II HO LT1~ 11

DECE\1HEH :n. Hl:i!I

1!('111

'\; u m her

V is its m ad e h y ho u sPkt'L' PlllC a1f lPS
_ ·-- . _
Lunches ser vr d to school C'hi ldr<• n _________ _

:i,~. 213, 000

Ar ti cles produce d in se win g roo rns

:!!lll, f,43. 000

Gar ments

li. 159, 000

__________ _

i\ [r n's
\V omC'n's
Boys ·

-Ii. 299. 0011
r,1, 793. ooo
-! I. 2oS. 000
-1 8.3 12. 000

Girls·
Infants '

__

,

O ther artic les

2i. ~!ii . 0011

6i. 9110. 00ll

Food preser vrd :
Qua rts ca nned
Pounds dri(•d

42. 203. 000

I. 8 19. 000

\Yorkers on can nin g projec ts prese rve la rge
q uanliLies of food o b tained fro m WPA g::irclC'ning pro jec t , tb e Feclcrnl Su rplu s Co mmod it ies

C H ART 13

ARTICLES MADE O N WPA SEWING ROOM PROJECTS
Cumu lative Th rough Dece mber 3 1, 1 9 39

I
Ill

11
11

0

. ./

II

Ill

C

0

I

Oil

Ill

0

II

l

D

111

IJJ

IJ
□ ooa

II

IIJ

Ill
0

0

t

1111 1
1111 1
Ill

0

I

Reprew,nts 1,500,000 garments

D

Repres ent-I 1,500 ,000
Tol als ha ve bee n

other .i .-Uc.les

round ed

hall unit · It a t otal

t o !he neares t

rounds t o l e ss th an

hall a un,t , no s ym bol Is shown

a

1 111

0

•-

~

I
-

G

11 1

1-----,---~.00.

II
□

I

~

-

~I

11
O

-

111
11
G

II
G
.~

78

REPORT ON PROC:HESS OF THE WPA PROGRAM

W PA workers preparin g lun ches for und erno uri shed sch oo l
childre n

Cor pornLio n, o r from project s ponsors . Dur in g
fo ur an d one-half yea r of vVPA ope ration th ey
cann e<l over 42 ,000 ,000 quarts an d dri ed 1, 19,000 pound of food s tuffs . On ot her production projec t '\VPA wo rkers make furniture,
repair s hoes, and con truct a nd repair toy .
Food ca n ned and good produ ced on WPA
proj ect arc dis tributed to pub li c i11 s titution s
and to n eedy p er so ns d csig nn tcd b)r s tat e an I
loca l welfa re agencies. Some of t he food i al o
u eel for th e noonday l unche' prepared fo r
child ren o n t h e school l un ch projects. Similar
di sposition is mad e of the s ur plus co mmod it ies
purc hased by the Fed eral urp lus Commodities
Cor poration which , toget her wit h t he good s and
food s produ ced on WPA projec ts, are dis tributed throug h the use o f \Y P ,\ bb or.
Conservation and Flood Control

A group of \fPA proj ects a rc di rccted tow:-i,r cl s
flo od co ntro l, the r educt ion of t he loss of valu::ible topso il through wat er and wind erosio n
and t he co nserva t,i on of w::i ter ' Limber , ~o·ame''
and fi sh . T li e improv ement of river bank ::i n l
shore] i ne tends to preve nt erosion , as doe
a lso t he work on s treambcd s, " ·hic h i1wo1Ycs
clearin g awa? snag:,; and brus h, s traig ht ning
c hannels, a nd ins talling vari o us checks upon
the unimpeded fl ow f water. A similar purp ose is sc tTcd by co n:,; truction or reconditioning of r etaining \\·,1 ll s and r c\·e lments alon oroacls and str ca~lS ::i nd by ex tcm,i\·c riprappin:
umerou. perof cri t ic:1I slo pes and s urfaces.
colation , check, and din'rsio n dnrns also have
been built for soi l erosion contr ol.

For tlw purpo. e of h olclin!!: unruly fl oodwatt' rs in t hei r c·ou rscs m an _v mi!(,, of new levees
and emlianknwnt h ave IJl'(' rr buil t . OLher
embankm en ts wit h <·nrlh , ci nd er , and slag fill
wlii ch did nol efrecl in ly preve n L seepage at
hi glnrnt er have been improY(' d Llirou gb the
co nstru ct ion of conuete cores. T bc a mount
of s uch work comp leted by th e nd of 1939 is
show n in Tabl e :3
work
drninao-e
B l', idl'S the lan d rc,dnimcd lrv
0
.
on ol hl'r l~1 p es of proj ec ts, ,Y PA workers have
improved or r eclaim ed ov er :3,000 ,000 acre
(an area nearl~r as l:t rge as t he ·tal c of Conn ecticut ) by conslrn clin?: n earl y 00 mile and
r enov,1li11 g :3, 00 miles of irri gation canals,
flunw , or p ip e . 1 earJ~r nil o f t hi s land is in
t he Far 'vYes t ; ove r ha lf of it in ~il ifo rnia alon e.
Also in l be wes tern par t of t he co untry are
many of th e 4:36 ,000 acr e o f fo res t land s th at
have bee n plant ed and mu ch of t he large a rea
of for l t hat has been prot ec lrd agains t firn by
th e b uild in g of 4,700 m iles o f fi r ebreak and
4,000 m il e of forest an I fire Lrn il s.
Throu g h other W PA proj ect operati ns
wood , lakes, and s t reams in :1 ll part of the
cou n try have been s to cked wi t h game and fi sh .
On th e At lan tic a nd Gu lf con s ts from Ch esapeake B ay aro und lo th e mo u th of th e i\l ississipp i Riv er , 5, 00.000 busbd s of oys ter have
bee n pla n led in d epleted oy. ter beds. T h e
s tocki ng of Jakes and streams \vith fi sh h as
bee n foci lilal l'd by t he co nslrn ct io n of 233 n ew
fi b hnl clwric , in ·luding addition s, om e of
w hi ch are in th e fo rm of rea ri ng pool and pond s
for broodslock , and hy the r ec on s truction of 131
ot h er hatch eries. Num erou s sa nc tuaric h ave
FLOOD
.\ND
38.- Co Ns l, RVATIO N
T AB LE
A CT I V IT I ES OS PR OJE CTS Qp~~ FL\TE D BY

CoN'rHOL
\VPA

'

CU~1l' LA TJVE T II R0l1 Gll DECE\IBER 3 1, 1939

It em

Fish bnlclwnes
Firebreaks
Fire and ror('s t trails

, - nu or 2\ Iea~ un •-

meal

:\'"umber

l\liles
i\liles_.

Rcrores tat ion
.Acres ..
Oysters pl anle rl
Bus he ls.
LeYees and t•mhnnkment s . :\l iles ·R etaini ng wall s and reyetliles _____ _
ments
River brink a nd -s hOfe im___ i\Ii les ___ .. _... _.
prove ment_ ___
J\'li les_ .. _.-. _
Strc::unhed i111provcmc n1
Irr igaliu n s ys tem s __ ______ _ Acres____ • _______ •
A

~ew Coo- R econs tr uc·

struction

A 233
4,742
3,819

5; 814 ; 000
412

lion or Im•
pro\·emeot
131

586
l , 171
435,592
857

1,252

110

235. 000

3,495
6, 192
2, 02, 000

Inc lu<ks add11 ions to prcdous ly e\'.i~t in g fish hatcheries.

PROJE CT A

bcrn es tab lish r d for th e protect ion of birds,
c I ccially wn ll•rfowl , a nd olltcr animal s. Fmth rmorc nox io us planl mid in sec t pcs ls h:we
been erad ic:1 led from ll1ou s.rncl s of :H·1·t'S of
land nnd milli ons o f predatory aninw ls ha,,c
been killed .
ome of llu' work nc- co mpli. h eel on prnj<·<· ls
f oth er lypes hn s a bea rin g on eo nst' rv:1l ion.
for example , lh e th o usand s of milL•s of drninage along road sid es, lh c drainage of wet
" ·eather pond a nd nH11" b es for m osqui to co nlrol, the pl:1eing of c ufrerl , th e scnlin g of
nbandoned min t'-O JWnin g , nncl the con s ln1di on
of storage dams a ll ·o nlribu Le, at least indirectly, Loward s con ervalion of naLural rcources.
Other Buildings

The public buildi11gs describ ed in conn ec tion
with , VPA work in th e fi elds of edu cation,
h ealth, and r ecrea,t,on r epresent only about
half the public buildin gs th at have bet'n c1wted
or r enovated by WPA workers. In addition to
the 34,000 eel u ational build uig , 11 ,000 n 'cr cational buildings, and l ,oSO h ospit,als already
m entioned , a bo ut 42 ,000 other buildiJ1gs of
various typ e h ad been co mplet ed by the encl
f 1939. Altoge ther , in th e co m e of 'IVPA
proj ec t op erations, mor th an 2:3,000 new
buildings had been cons tructed , addition s mad e
to about 2, 00 , and about 63 ,000 others had
b 'en r enovated ancl improved.
Among the 42, 000 oth er buildings cons tructt·d
or r modeled by vVPA workers wer e over 4 ,600
office and admini str ativ
buildings h o uNin g
tate, city, county , anLl to \n1 sliip and oth er
gov rnment employees. About 3,200 were
garages, another 3,600 wer e s torage buildings,
nearly 2,200 wer e fire houses, and 600 were
arm ori es .
.Frequ ently the n ew r rem odeled bui ldings
make poss ible long contemplat ed economi t•s m
operation, ,1 i.n Lli c case of th e n ew to \1·11 li.1.ll
at ' parta, Tew ,J t,rsey . One<' :rn old cou ntry
sch ool, it now hou se
e,·er,11 go \' t'rnnwnL:i l
uni t th at wen.' prev iou ly located in widc-ly
catter ed buildings- th e fire and politl' d ep artm en t , th e town ship j.til, .1nd t he libr:ny.
Oth er fa ilitie in thi s r cuoYated builcliJ1g arc
an ap ,trtment fo r the buildin cr custodinn , two

01\IPLI ' IDIEX 'l'S

79

bowlin g .illey , ,1 11 :lltdiloriurn ,\·itli s l:1 gc• :rnd
clre ing rooms, :t kiLclwn, ,tnd a lwatin g pl:u1t.
lt i ex pected Lli :1l lhi s t<• nLrali z.1tion will r <'d ucl'
nrninten nn ce costs, exp:uicl co n11111111i ty e rvi ces,
and r es ul t 111 g rc:lll' r dlici eiic•)r 111 to wn s hip
government. ' imilur ex:1rnplt-s arc nunwrou s
:1m n g the t hou and s o f buildings tl1aL ha ve
I ecn con s truclecl or modemi zed through WPA
project oper,1 Lions.
Garages built, Lo house higll\rny equipment
proYid e another example of th e 11',l)' in 1vh ieh
WPA building con s truction has foci li t.1kd Lhc
normal work of local goHrnrn cnt:il bod ies.
1fany count.it's h ave found that, eflfriL'n c·y r equired the purchase of l'xpens ivc hi g h way
equipment but co ns iderations of cconorny
fr equ ently force d Lhcm to kee p it in buildin gs
thaL were nol ndYanla gl'ou sly locnled, did noL
prop erly prol ecl ll1t· machin ery again s t Wl',llherin g, or cl id not ha vc s pael' for r epair work or
for the s lora o·e of lool nnd mat erials. So me of
the 1,700 new garn ges built on WPA projec Ls
r epla ce s uch i nad eq ua le s tru ctures.
Of particular interes t is th e group of building er ected for th l\ li clti gan State Diagnos ti c,
R ese arch , and Contro l Labor:ttory at Lnns ing,
1licl1i gan . Th ey pro\·icle f:icili t.1cs for the

Lat o nka Dam built by WPA workers at M e di ci ne Park,
Ok lah o ma

' ()

REPORT

N PROGRE S

At work on on 111font mortolit y survey for Kentucky

prepara tion of enun , analy i5 of foo<l . fct>ds.
nnd fertilize rs, an<l tc ' ting of liqu or , ga olim, · .
and oil. Among th e bui ldings of th e group ar c
ta blcs for th e h orse used in t,h e product ion of
i111mun1zu1g sc rum and st ruc:turc to how c
other animals u cd for labornt ory purpose .
Exampl es " ·hich mi ght scrw to illustrat e th e
\\·ide variety of other i> 11i ldings constrnc tccl or
impron d th rough \\'PA acti,·itic s in all parts
o f the co untry range from the municip a l bus
termina l in [fackcn ack, X cw ,Jer cy, to th e
,Ju veni le Detenti on ll omc in Fu lt on Count~·\.] so iJ1c lud ccl ar c uch oLhcr strucGcorgia .
tures as W!'ath cr &tat ions, dormito ri , tcarherage , barrack , g uardhou ses, worksho ps,
commun iLy crnters, comfor t sLat ion , greenhou se , barns , and stn hies.

Miscell aneous Types of Work
1fany kind s of projects authori zed for op eration under the \YPA , r eq uested by pon ors to
m eet local n eeds, and worked on by unempl oyed
per sons from practica lly a ll occupat ional backgrounds have not yet been mcnlion ccl in t hi s
classi f-iecl summa ry of acti,-iti es. F r som e of
them accurnLe m ea urem ent in ph)·sical terms
i clifficulL nncl h ence no accomp lishmen t data
are pre ent etl. For oLh ers th e iLems of accom-

OF T H E \YPA PROGR.\J\l

plishmc nl that ran be summa r ized g iYe an inadeq uat c repre cntation of th e value of the
work done; this is parti cu lar! )' true of the arL
progrnm . the s urvey of hi lorieal r eco rd s , and
t l1c rc'S<':1rch proj ects of many type .
l' 11d el' the :11'ts prog ram 1\'P \. arti st have
made thous:,n ds of ca cl and mural painting for sc hoo ls. lihrnri C' ' , and otht•r publi c building .
Their work a lso incl11cled mo ai c.3. ' Ctilptm·e .
\Vatel' co lors. et.cl1i ngs, prints. photogm phs , and
clior:1,nrn . Some of their 1rnrk ha been acclaim ed by art critics and ,tdcl ed to gr eat art
co ll ect ion s. Poste rs that th ey ha,e prepared
ltan' been of pa rticular va lu e in h ea lth and
s:i fcl_\· campaig ns. Throug h th e cmp lO_\'men t
of urw mplO)'Cd mu sicians on the mu sic project .
millions of persons have been able to cnjov the
,,orks of grca t c:omposc rs; cl u ring a t wo-\\·eek
period of January 19-W , about 2,500 mu sica l
perform ances \1·erc gin·n for an agg regate
audil'llCl' of 1.100.000 person .. :-[cml crs of the
writ ers· craft h~we produc ed works on a wide
nriet_\· of Americ an subject s . Notable among
th ese is the Ame ri can Guide . erie , \\·hi ch ha
entailed an amount of resea rch far be_yond the
sco pe of pri,·alc o rganiza tion s.
Th e ·urvcy of bisto ricn l record s project
faci lit ate ' " ·ork in th e field ofhi t rical research
b_\· :1 rrangin g and catalog ing r ecord · 1diich
hit lwrto had been inacc es ible. On other r ecarch proj ect . s ponsore d by both Federal and
loca l :1gcncics. \\'PA ,\·or k •r ha,c conduct ed
hou sing, traffic. and eng ineering s un ·e_\'s; tabulat<'tl. anal_\' Zcd. and cl rartcll ,\·eath er data of
va lu e to aYiation ; and mad e stucli c re lating to
S_\' phi li s. tubercu losis, indu st ria l clisca ' es. public
hea lth , pub lic we lfare. fami l_,, incom s, cost of
li,.-in g, employm ent. and unemployment . public
finance, and taxation . T h ese proj ect nol only
h,we mad e muc:h valu able informa tion a \·ai lable
to st ud ents. but a l o, in nrnny ins tance , have
aided th e sponsor ing agencie s in o!Ying th eir
own a<lministraLiYe problem s.

OPERA TING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
opcralion of a nation-\\·id c projL'Cl proemploying bct\\·ccn a million and a
hnlf and thn'c million workers, as t,hc iVork
Projc t \.dminis Lration has done since it wa
e- Lab li h cd in 1935, 1 r equires lhe formu lat,io n of
definiLivc adminis lratin poli cies, th d evelopment of d cla il cd proc edur es and r cg ula Lion s,
and t he cs tabli slunent of s tandard op ern Ling
method for eff ectiv e functio nin g of t he prog ram . C riteria mus t be es tabli sh d fo r t he
select ion of workers and m eth ods d cv i cd for
assignin o- t hem to project job , cl clcrmining
th eir r ate of p ay and hou r of w rk, and
facilil nli1w lheir r eturn to priva t e cmplo)·m ent.
imih1rly , th e numerou details of lig ibili ty ,
pc ifications, approval, and op eration of th e
\\'Ork on whi ch employment i to be pro,·id cd ,
mu t be reduc ed to procedures applicable to
the th ou an d of proj ec ts operat ed in all cctions of the country . The workin g rules go vernin g emp loymen t and proj ect op craL ions ar e
in the fo rm of legislativ e rcg ul at,ions and
admin ist,rnt,ivc ins tructions from Lh e Commi sion cr of i Vork Proj ccts. M any of th e ndministratiY regulations dev eloped by th e \\'PA
through exp eri ence in operating th p rog ram
have been in corporat ed in the ac t appropri a ting fund for th e WPA. B a icnlly , th e admin is trntivc r egulation h av e been d e ign ccl to
carry 011 t llw pro,·i ions of the ac ts and to
promote efTi cienC)' in op crat ions . Th ey a rc
11mmari zcd in th e follow ing pages with the
HE

Tg ram

1 The original name. \V orks P rogress Admini stration, wn ..; <'lrnnl!Cd
to
\\~ork Projer ts A dminbl rntio n hy Reorgn niu1 ti on Plan 'J o l. elfr<:t1,·e

Jul y I. 1939, whi c-h made I he \I' P .\ a

unit

of Ihe Fei lera l ll' ork s ,\ gency

but. did nol rnutcriall r :l iter its origi nal runction.

purpose of sho" ·ing how th e \\'PA progra m
opcrn lcs .2
The WP A program is op era tee! th rou gh a yst cm of s tat e and regional ofli ccs .
tatc admin i trntions , functionin g in each of lh c s tat es and
in Puerto Rico , H a waii , and th e Dis tri ct of
Columbi a , ar c h c,Hlcd by ad mini s trators who
arc r cspon -iblc to lh e ommi ssion cr of Work
Proj ect for th e efficient pcraLio n of th e program in these ar cas .3 i Ybcr c n cccs-ary for
operati ng purposes, th e s tat e ad mini s trat ion
fun tion s, in tu rn , through two or more dis trict
offices whi ch arc directed by d is tric t, manager s
r es ponsible to t he tatc aclm inis lrator. Nine
r egional director , who are ofn eialrepresentativcs
of t he Co mmi ssio ner in the field. coordinate the
work of the \YP A in th e -tatc of th eir r es p ee ti Ye
reg10n .
Employment Regulations

Poli c ic- a nd r eg ulation s r egardin g th e p ersons
emplo)'ed on work projcc l and t lw con diti on s
o f th eir employment h ave d l' vdopvd from bo th
s tat utory provision s and ad min is lrati,·e conid crations. T he v ariou s act ' appropria tin g
fund for th e iVPA h a n pec iri ed ll l(' ge 1w rnl
rul s of eligibili ty for mploym enl. \\Torkin g
pro dmcs for dcl erminin g wheth er o r no t a pp licant m ee t th ese elig ibili ty r equi rem e nt s ,
' Tbe ll'P .\ pro~ram inr lu dcs projr ts on,•ral<'d by other F ert cra l
ag:e ucies ,vitb \\' P .\ rund -;; th e rules anct rrg 11lation-; disru'-st~tl iu this
sectio n gr nl' ra ll y a pply to th ese projects as wt•ll fl " to th o~e 01wrnt erl
directly by th e II' PA .
3 F or '1tlmiois trntiv e pu rposes, se parate admini ... tr,\li on._ have heen
es tabl ished ror ~ orth er n C ali rorni n and South r o C' a\ 1rorrn a und for :'\ew
York ity a nd tbe re ma ind er of :S: ow York Stnto.

82

REPORT ON PRO GRESS OF T H E WPA PROGRAM

howcnr , h aYe hcen den-loped by the \YP I,_ in
coopenttio n wilh loca l pu hli c W l' I fan· or relief
agcnc1cs. R eg ul at ions conc ernin g assig nments
lo proj ·ct jobs or oth er mntt l'rs nffrcti ng th e
worker in b is \VP A cm ploy nwn t ha n' been
establi shed chi efly by ad ministra tive action but
to some exten t haYe been indicated by law.
·w ages of projccL workers a rc paid in accordance
with a sc hedule of m ont hl~· ea rnin gs dctnmined
by th e YfPA in conformity with legi latiYe
r equirem ents.
Eligibility Requirements for Employment

In gen eral, employment on \\'PA proj ects is
provided for e mplo_yab le citizen in need of jobs,
including m en :111d women who h aYc a \\·id ('
vari ct)· of experi enc e, skills. and occupa t ion:ll
training. The e worker must m eet es tablish ed
cligibiliLy r equiremen ts . The eligibility of unemployed workers for \ YPA jobs is de termin ed
primaril y by their n ee d of em ploymen t. To be
eligible, the worker mu s La lso he nt least 1 y ears
of age and a cit ize n of th e Unit ed States.
Fm th crmorc, hr is not Plig- ibl e for \YPA employmcn L if be is a Comn111ni st or memb er of a
Nazi Buml or if he advocates, or is a m ember of
an organization that ach·oca tcs, th e ove rthrow
of the U ni ted S lates Government.
Only one rn crnb er of a farni l_y i eligible for
employmen t on th e \TPA program, enn thou gh
there arc several crn plo_va blc m emb er ' in thl'
family.
sually th e WP.\. employee is th e
normal wage ea rner of th e family ; h owen'r . in
some in Lanc es wher e th e n ormal earner is
unable to work the priority may be change d ,
p ermi tting the employm ent of anoth r m emb er
of the family.
Referral and Certification

Ieecl of em ployment h as b een a fundam ental
condition of el igibility since thl' incl'plion <f
the "\VP A program . \\' orkcrs m eet this eli gibili ty requirem ent if th e)· arc un employed and
if th eir in com es arc ins uffi cient to I rO\·id e th eir
familic with a r raso n,1 hlc s ub i ten cc compatihlc wi th d ecency and h ea llh . In mos t
instances the lo : l clcpartmcn t of public welfare
or the local r eli ef agency r eYie"·s the n eeds and
reso urces of per ons wh o apply for relief and i

r sponsi blc for determining eligihili L)' for vVPA
emplo)·m cn l so far ,ls this ha i concli Lion is
CO IH'('rllCd.

Before referrin g 11 pplicant t the n~PA for
proj <'c t jobs llw \\·l'lf1u·e or rrliPf agc' nc_y inwstigall's other rnncl iti 011 s of cligibi lily . The agency
\\-ill not refrr persons who a rl' unde r 18 year of
age , who a re consick r<'d to be mwrnployable,
or who arc aliens.
lf th e work r r i fOlmd
eligible on the ba i of these requi rement and
if h e h as register ed wi th th e local public employ men t offic e, hi s a pplication i r eferred to
th \YPA. All workers arc required to execute
an afh<Lwi L as to t heir citi ze nship and loyalty
to t he nitcd StaL s.
Actual det ermin at ion of empl yability- ability to p erform work on a proj ec t in a satisfacLory
m aru1er- is mad e by the \VPA th rough its
Di,-ision of E mpl oyment. .\ worker, whos,
employabiliLy has been d etermin ed and who
meels the oth er eligibilit)· req uirem ents m ent ioned abO\·e, rece i,·es a notice of cer tification
from th e \VPA and b come a,·ailablc for assignm cn t to a proj ec t. The work er ' pas t employm ent hi story is t hen re,·icw d to a certain th
occupation fo r w hi c h h e is best fit ted by training, experience, and abiliLy.
Assignment

The numb er of persons certifi ed as eligible
for \YPA employm en t gen(' rally i · larger than
thl' numb er of \YP.\ johs arn ilalJle. In p lac ing
workl'rs on proj Pc ts, prdC' rcn ce within the
group awaiting ass ignment and qualifi ed to
p C' rform a giYcn joh is firs t ginn on the basi of
rclatin- need . \\' h ere thl' relutiYe n eed are
found to be the smne, prcfcn'nCl' is gi,·en to
Yl'lcrans 4 as required by proYi ions of th e
Enwrgen cy Reli ef Appropriations Act .
To
di scrimination is m ade amon g the p rsons
11\rniting assignment on the hasi of ag<· if the
worker is able to 1wr fonn proj ect work atisfac toriJy. An incli,·idual \\·ill not Iw assign ed if
an oth er nwmb cr of the famil)· is alrl'ady
cm ployed on a 'IYP.\. projec t; tlw family h <•ad,
or the chief ,,·age ea rn er , is u u nlly Lhc m emb er
assigned to 11P.A employ men t.
t Ileg111ning Jul y 1. 19.t0, the wife of nn unemployoble veteran and a
veteran' s widow who has noL subsequently rem nrr ied are giYen the

same preference as a veteran.

OPERATI NG POLI CIE

A rcla t iYC'ly m nJl m11nl wr of pe rsons who
h nYe n ot been <:L• rlifi l'd a in n eed m ay be
n igned to proj ('C'L work . The L' X('(' p[i ons
from Lh e bo ic ec rti(ication r cquin'm L•nl a rc
mad e in r lcr to 1w rmit Lhe emp loyment of key
per on e, scn Linl to th e d hc ient ope n1lion o [ a
proj ect- su ch c1 ce rt a in type of ski lled lnho r,
exp erts, tedrni ci:111 , and sup erYi sory peronncl- who m ay not he axai lablc on th e rdid
rolls. In gen era l, uclt exempt ed JJ('rsmm ,1
may n ot exceed 5 p erCt'llt of the total number of
person employed 011 any \\'PA project. Und er
cer tain cireums Lnnees t he C'onuniss ion er o r l1i s
authori zed repre en LntiYe m ay au tho ri ze exemp t ions from thi s reg ul ation. On \\'P A
proj ects op t' raL('d by other F ed eral agenc ie ,
h wevc r, th e numb er of noncer t ified person
m ay no t C'XC('t'd l O percen t.
In makin g ass ig1rnw11ts to proj ect ,,·o rk t he
WP\. cnd e~1,·o rs Lo place tir e indi,·iduals on the
kind of jobs fo r whi ch t ltey a re be L qun lifi ecl .
Prox imi ty of Lh l' " ·o rkL•r's res id en ce Lo th
projec t s ite is also cons id ered and workers a re
ass ign ed Lo proj ects ll l'ares t their h om es so fa r
as pract icable.
The \VP A h as fo nnu la ted cer ta in reguln t ions
to faci li tate Lh e t rans fer of its wo rkers into
p riYntr i,1dust ry. P erson employed on \\' PA
proj ects mu s t m :1int a in ncti ,·e registration wi t h
publi c emp loym l'n t offi ces and mus t accrpt
bona fid P offe r of pri vate empl oym en t . If Lhe
wor ker loses u ch private employ m ent t hrough
no fault of hi own , th e \\'PA will r eassign him
to proj ct work pro1·id eJ h e is s till in n eed and
h ns exh austed any unemploym ent co mpl'nsat ion benefi ts whi ch may lt aYe nccrue d luring his
p eri od of employnwnt.. Simila rl y , workers employed on WPA proj ecLs nre expected to acc ept
offer of employm ent o n proj ec ts of other
F e lend i1genc ies wllC'n t he earnings are comparabl with th o e es t ahlis]u,d for similar " ·o rk
on \VP;\ projeeL . Direc ted towards tlw snm e
gen er al obj cc t ivl' is Lh c s tflt ntory provi sion th at
requires th e s(• par·a t ion of a ll wo rk er (('XC<' pt
,·eter an ) wh o h av(' been con t innous ly employed on 'NP.A projects fo r 18 m on th . Sm·h
workers a rc i11di g ible for V\' PA emp loynwn t for
n peri od of :30 cl ay ; Ht Lh l' end of th at t ime, i [
thry an' , till in 1wc'd , t hey nm)· hr rece rtified as
el igible for \\'PA (' mpl o.vm f'nt. This pnffis ion
was moclifted in the ER.\. .\.ct for th e fi sca l yen r

A D PRO ED RE S

3

Hl4 1 to exempt wives o [ un mplo,vable YeLcrans
and vetcrnn ' wi dow who h ave not subsc tu enlly r-cm ttrTi ed .
A r e,·iew of th e ne ed stnLus of ce r Lifi cd \Y PA
wo rkers nt leas l on ce evr> r·,v six months h a be n
r equired by law. 5 During Lhc six m on ths ending
D ecrml r 1939, 2.7 p er cen t of th e work er
who e eligib ili ty was rev iewed w er e found Lo })('
in eligible , flncl Lh eir mploym(•nL " ·as t lr erdo re
te rmin at l. Durin g th e second half of th
fi sc al yea r a imilflr propo rLion of the certificat ions reviewed were canceled.
Hours and Earnings

l\lion thly earnin gs of WP A worker wer e
modified by proYisions o f th e Emergency R eli ef
A ppropri:1 Lion Act of 1939 which directed Lh e
Comm is ioner of ·w ork Proj ects Lo fix a m ont hly
earnin gs ch e lule whi ch s hould not vary between geographi cal areas to a ny gr ea ter exLcn t
than could be jus Litted by cliffl'r ence in cos t of
li ving and w hi ch would no t " subs ta nti a lly
a ffect t he unent naLion al average labo r cosL
per person. " The sch edule so es tablish ed ,
given in T nblc :39, wa s placed in effect on
Se ptemb er 1, 1939. Th e new ch eclulc , like
tho l' es ta blish cd in earli er year s, provides for
variation in monthly earnings accord ing to th e
degr eC' of s kill r equired fo r the job to which
th e worker is assigned, t he geographical r egion ,
a nd t he rll'gr ec o f urb a ni zflt ion of th e co un ty in
w hich th e worker is empl oyed .
Th e co un try is div id ed into three wage
r egion s. As s bown in t he ncco rnpanying map,
W age R eg ion I in cludes th e no rth eastern and
nor t h cen tral par t of th e co un try; R eg ion II .
th e weste rn ta tes; a nd R eg ion Ill, t he oul h ea. L rn and south cen tral sec t ion s o [ Llw
co untry . Th e rates pnid in R eg ions I and U
diffn o nly in th e a reas with r elat ively small
popu laLions; th y ar c hi ghe r for workers in t be
lr populated ar eos o f th e West th an in areas
o f Lhe ame degr ee o f urb a ni zation in t he
n rtheas tern and nor Lh central part of t he
co u n t t')7. Differen ces ex is ting in th e W est bet w('e n th e cosl of living in , mnll town s and Llw
cost of li,,ing in la rge eiliL•s a rc ty pi ca ll)' les.
th an s imilar difl'L'n'nce in ot her sec tion s of t hr
.\ Efiec th Jul y I. 1\1~ 0. 1hi~ JlrO\ i~1nn w ·1s modified LO requi re red1' lf'r·
rnin ati on f ell d hility 0 11 c c in 12 111 nth s.

REPORT ON PRO

,Jrnss

OF THE WPA PROGRAM

CHART 14

WPA WAGE RATE REGIONS *
Effective September 1 , 1939

N. DAI(.

\,,

NCBR.

w

_

_______.__,' ,I'~

----~.J.lllllllllmllll.illlm1lj t

~ ___.--,

country. H:1ll'S in both R egions I :ind II
arc hi g h l'r than th ose in R egion III , " ·h pre li\·ing co ts arc rrlaLivrly low.
1Yithin each wage region, counties nre dist.ribulcd among four urbani za ti on grou p s lrn sed
upon t h e 19:30 popubLion of the brgl' t rnun icipa li Ly in e:1ch co unLy . Th e groups to " ·h ich
clifl'crenti:1 ls in wage a pply arc th ose in 1d1ich
th e l:1rgcst ciLy in the county h:1cl 100 ,000 or
more inh:1bilants in 1930 , betw een 25,000 an<l
100 ,000 inhabitants, bcLwcen 5, 000 and 2.S,000
in h abitant , or !cs t h a n 5, 000 inhahil:rnL.
In the case of 19 large metropolitan di s tri c ts
t h e wage sc h edule of th e coun ty with llH' 1:irges t
municipali Ly applies to th e entire m etropolit an
area as cl <, fin ed in the 1930 Cen us.
In difl'erentialing among ty pe of work performed, fiv e w:1 gc classes nrc establi s hedun s killed " B, " un ki ll ed "A," internwd i:1le ,
killed, a nd profession< 1 nnd technicnl. .:\lonthl:v
earn 11 1gs t' lahli s hcd hy the sch edul e r:1nge

from $:3 1.20 lo . 94 .90 . Tlw 10\n's l w:1 g<'S app ly
to t' lll ploy ees doin g ,rnrk cln ss i J·ied n u ns ki Iled
" B " (work of a s in,plc nnlu rc requirin g little
educ-:1lion or lr:1inin g nnd 1d1i c h dot's not in volv e hn:1 rcl s or h ea ,-~- ph_vsic:1 I l:1 ho r ) in
cou nli PS in ,rage R egion Ill in \\'l1ich lhl' 19:rn
population of the l:1rges l loll'n 1rn :-; less than
5, 000 . I lig h l'st rall's apply lo \\'Orkl'r:-- ho ldin g
profess io n:11 o r tedrnica l jobs in counties of
R egion s 1 or 11 tli:1t co nt,1in :1 city h:n· in g a
popu l:1 lio11 of 100,000 or morl' in 19:rn.
Ne\\' rl'gu lnli on s in n 'g,1rd to ll'orkin g hour.'
of pl'rso ns employl'd on 11TPA pro.il'cl s IH·ca mc
efrl'din .Tuly l , 19;39_ in a cco rd:111 ce ll'il h the
Emergl'nc_v Relief Appropri,1 lion Act. o f I !:J:39.
U nd e r llw c pro,·ision s nil proj ctL \\'ork er ,
c.xcl'pl s u1w n ·iso ry employel' ' , ,ire requi red to
\\'Ork J:30 h ours per mont h hut noL mor(' th an
hou rs in any da)· or 40 hours in :1,ny 11·cc k.
Prior lo t he introduction of lhl' J:) 0-hour
r cg ul:1li o 11 Pac h certifi l'd ('mp lo_vl'l' worked as

OP ERATU\' , POLlC l E

mnny ho urs a " ·r rr n rcrs,;:H.v to l'<':H' h t hr
monl ld., " ·agt' a l \\'h ic h he ,,·as ass ig ned, :it t lw
pr ev:i ilin g ho url y rn te of pay fo r t he ty pe of
wo rk pe rfo r m r d . Thi proce dure ha d c·:1 us<'d
co11 s id e r:1blr diffi c ulty in sdi edu lin g pro j<'C'l
p<' r·nli on s , ncccs itllling scvc rn l \\'Or k s l1 ifl s of
,·n ri o us l<' ng tli s on iucli ,·id un l proj t'd s. T he
s lnndnrd \\'Ork mo nt h ha. mad e poss ibl e a
co ns id C'l':1 bh, impl ifi ·a ti n o f proj<·c·t \\'Orkin g
plnn s a nd has incr eased pr r:il in g d fi(' i<' ncy.
Exce pti on s to the lim i t a li ons 011 ho ur ' o f
work nnd mo nt hly ea r nin g ma y lw nrn de by
th e Co mmi ss ion er o f 'IV r k P roj ects o r h is
aut ho ri ze I r r pr esrnt a tive w he re nccc , ::iry to
pro tect ,,·o r k alread y clon e on a project, to
p ermit mn king up lo t tim e, or to meet an
em e rge ncy (s uch as flood or h urrican e) involvT ABLE

39 .-

~ C' H EDC'LE
l,\' P

OF

i ON'l' l·I LY

EARN INGS

ON

A P ROJECTS

A ' D I>RO ED

RES

ing llw p 11 h li(' \\'(•ll·an'. c('l'lifi('d ,,·orkl' l'S ,,·ith
no de pe nlkn ts mn ~· h(• requin·d lo \\'Ork f<·,,·('l'
ho urs an d re(·ei VP <'OJ'l'('SJ)O JHI i ng ly s mal!Pr
cn rnin gs. U ou rs and 1•:11'11ing-,; on prn.i<'<·l <·<·rt iticd l,y t lw S<·nl'la r_,· of 1\':ir or t hl' S1•ndar)
of tl1 c Navy :is IH' in g imporlar 1l fo r mi lit,1 ry o r
n a ya ] purpos1's may lik l'll'ise lw l'X<' 111 J)l<·d from
th e p ro ,·is io ns nt t h<' d is(' relion of t he Commi ss io n!' r o f Wo rk 1-'rojec-l s.
F ur th e r ('X<'l' pti o ns u p to :1 m nx imu m of
5 percC'n t o f a ll proj l'C'l wo r k!' r,: in :my s late a r e
p crmill l'd in l lw tnse of tcc hni ('ian s, certain
ty p es of s ki lk d wo rke rs, a n d su per visory
,,·o rkc r e' se n t,ia l to p roject op ernt io ns, wh en
th ese a r c not tw :iil nbl l' on lis ts of cert ifi ed
workers r efe rred Lo t he 1\' PA . (B eginnin g ,Ju ly
1940 exempti on s ,,·ill be nrndr w he re nec1'ssary
on pro j ects ce r tifi ed by th e Secr ct a r)· o f 1\'ar or
avy ::i s bein g impo r tan t fo r
Secretar y o f tlw
mi litar y or n a y a J purposes .)
7

ErrECT JVE SEPTEMRE R 1, 1939

Project Procedures

W age Class
Counties 111 \ \' h1 ch the 1930
Popu lation of tlw Largest
~r un ici palitr \\'as-

Un-

Un-

s k illed
" B"

s ki lled
"A"

I Profts-

Inter·
mcdiote

sional
a nd
Sk illed
terhni c•fl l

\ Vagc Rl'µion I

100,UOII a nd owr ' ..•••... . . $52. 00
48. 10
25,000 to 100,000
42. 90
5,000 to 25.000
39. 00
U nd,•r .5.000

100.000 and (ffe r \
25,000 to I00,()(IO ..
5.000 Io 25,000 .. ---- ------

I.Jndrr ,1,000

---------- --

52. 00
4 . 10
46. 80
44. 20

$57. 20
52. 00
48. 10
42. 90

,'68. 90
62. 40
57. 20
52. 00

$bV. , II

5i 20
S2. 00
50. i0
49 40

6b. 90
62 1(1
61 Ill
59. 80

MJ 70
bl 90
iV. 30
76. :-n

b l 90

i4 . JO
6i 60

!14 90
84. 50
i6 70
ti, no

~1--1

uo

~4 50
,1 \10

i~ 00

\ \'a gl' Hei:don Ill

100,000a nd o,·er ' · ...... ... .
25,000 to 100.000
5,000 to 25,000
U nd pr 5.000
\\· a~t' Hl·1:doD I

46. 80
42. 90
36 40
31. 20

50. iO
48 10
•10 30
35. 10

61. 10

W I
I Si.
48. 10
•12. \10

i\J. 30
i 4. 10
62 ·10
M. (iO

b l Ul)

i , 40

nr1. oo

., ., !10

Connecticut, D lawa re, DistrictofC'nl111nhia. Ill 1noi s,

In plannin g and prose uting th e work to
whi ch person s cert ifi ed for \\!PA employm en t
a r c ass ign ed , clcfin i te p rocedures mu st be formulat ed and ob c rved if rnn s Ln1ct ive r esu l ts
ar c to b e o b ta in ed . WPA J)l'OC'l'du rcs gove rnin g t h e pro po nl and opc rnli on o f p rojects, like
t hose rel at ing to C'mpl oymr n t, h HYC b een cl termin cd bo th hy law rrnd b~, t h e rcqtrirements of
effi c ien t program op1' r:1t ion . . \.ct appropria tin g fund s fo r tlw \\'P.\ h nn s p<'c ifi ed t he
ge neral typ es of pro jects t h ;1t nn' eli gi ble fo r
op era ti on and h aw pbeed ' JX'C if-ic li m itation s
on th e u se of F ed eral funds in Lh c o p ('r at ion of
t h ese p ro ject . S u ch stalut (l ry p roY i, ion s h ave
been in corpor ated wi th nd m i1 1is t rat iv!' req u irenw nts in th e fo rnn d nti on of n'g-1 rl nt ion s go ,-cmin g- all tlw v ari ou s teps of p roject ini t ia ti on
and opera ti on .

Indiana, Iowa , Kansas. ~ fain<'. :'\ [aryland. :\ l assach usl'lts. .\ltC'liiJ!an,
~Iinm.'sota , .\ I issouri, Xl•braska, ~<•w Jl anipsl1in i\('\\ Jnsey. Xrw
1,

York, ~ort h Dakota. <,>hio, Pt•nnsylv:inia, Hhodc I sland, ~outh l> akotn,
\"rrmont. \\-l'S l Ytrginrn. \\' iscon sin .
\\' agl' Rt•gion 11- .\n zona, C alifornia. C'olorado. l dat10, .\lontana,
:\"'r, ada, :\'cw .:'\k'\iCo. On•g:on, l ~tah. \\' ash1n ~ton, \\' yomin v
\Va ~t• lfrJ!io_n _lfl .\lahama, Arkansas, Floricla, (h orj! ia, K, •ntul'kY,
Louismnn. ~ I 1ss1::,sipp1, 1':orth Carolina, Oklahoma, South C'arohoa.
1

Tenrlt'SSl't' ,

rre,ns, Virginia.

!, The schr_d ulr of monthly ra rrJiogs applicablC' to cou nti(•s in "hil'h the
1930 populatwn of thr largt>s t municipalily was 100,000 or rn on• is :1ppli cablp t o the ('ntirt area included within tlw follm\111 1,! nwtropol11an distri cts, as such district s are ckfined hY tlw 15th (\•ns11s of the l'nited
Stall•s, 1930: Hnlt1mon•: Boston: Bu ff3 1o-Xia!,!arn; C hicago: C in('inna t i;
r 1r n .·land; l)(•troi1: Kansas Ci t y, Kans.- Kansas C'i t r . i\lo : Los_\ np.t•les:
.\ I JI\\ nuket: ~1inneapolis-St. Paul: X ew York C1ty-1'ort lwn !-i tern )..'"ew
Jersey : Pl11lad,•lphia : Pittshu rgh; l' roddencc- Fnll Hl\t·r- l\c" Bc<lforcl;
St. L oLu s; ~an Francisco- Oaklaod ; Scranton- " . il\...cs- n arn•; \\' ash1ngton. D. C.

Eligibility Requirements for Projects

T o b e clig ihlc for 01wrntion 1111dcr t h r W P.A
prog ram , pro jects mus t meet t in('(' §;<'nt•nil req u iremen t : they m u s t proYide ])('ndits ll('('d l'd
l y the community , \\·it h out tnk in g OYN fu n ct ion whi ch Lh e s pon so r coul d normnlly cnrr y
on \\·ith ou L \YPA a sis tanc c, or ckplaeing
per on s alread y cmplo)·ed: they mu s t he suilahk

'(j

RE P ORT O • PHOC: HE8S O F T H E WPA P ROG R AM

Lo Lh C' uLili zn Li on of Lhc occ up a Lion a l s kill. of
th e elig i bl(, unemployed wo rk er s in l h e aren
whcrC' lh P:· are lo he p ros<'Cu ted; and lh <':· mus t
promote lh e pub lic " ·1,[fo,n, rnl h ' r th nn hl'n d it
any p ri nilC' irn,lil u l inns o r ind iYi h w l . The' C
gen eral µ rm ·isions ,in· assu r1·<l in p a r l by reg ulations as lo " ·ll() n ut:· ' pon so r projects 11 11d " ·lu ·rc
they may he 01wn1tecl .
Projecls rnny be s po11 or ed only b)· pub li c
agencies. T mn 1s, cit ies, coun t iE's, s t ,tll's, an d
oth er p oli l icu l s u hdi Yision s and !(,ga ll:· constitu ted agl'n cics th er eof sp on sor th e majoril:·
of pro jec ls; a rela t i n' ly sm all numb er an ' sponsor ed or cospo nsor ed b:· agcn cie f th e Fed e ral
Governmcnl. Cntil Aug us t :31, 1939, th e WP.A
its elf s pon so red a fe" · proj ects that w ere n a ti onwid e in scop e, but su ch proj ec ts h ave been di scon t inu ed . In a fc" · spec ific cases n onprofit
quasi-publi c agen cies lq1;:ill:· con t roll ed by
publi c au th ority a re a llmn•d to p onso r \YPA
projec ts, if t h e agen cies 1Wt' i,·E' th eir prin cip al
suppor t by regula r budgdary a ppro pri 11 ti on
from publi c r cYcnue and if their a S<' ts , upon
di s olu t ion , r cYert to pu blic own er hip . In
additi on , the Em ergen cy Relief A p pro pri Ht 1on
A ct , fi c,1 1 yen r 19--ll , pro,·ides sp cc ific,1 ll:· fo r
sp on sorship o f proj C'cts for electric tran smi ss ion
and distrihuLi on li1w or sys tem s to cr v<• pE' rson s in rural ,1rp,1s by n onp ro fi t an d coo p c rati,·E'
assoc ia tion s 11 1Hl fo r s pon sorsh ip of irri g nLion
proj l'c t by communi ty di tch o rg ani z.M ion s.
Projects m ust, in ge neral , be op crall'cl o n
publi c pro1 t• rt y. I n l'xccptional eases, ,\·hi ch
"-ill resul t in !urge public bene fit , projl'cts invo h·ing impron' ments to pr ivate proper t)· m ay
b e op era Led, pro \·ided le,1ses, ea l'llll' ll ts , o r
o ther 1<,gal autho ri ty gran t<-d to a p ubli c n.gen :'
are 11fli ciPnt in durat ion to con• r tlw no rmal
expected li fe of t h l' imp r< ffl'll1E'nts to h e acco mplish ed by mean s of t h l' F l'dcral g ra n t.
The scop e of p ro j cct ,1ct i,·i t ics t h at m ay be
op c rnt cd l lll ler the gcM rnl elig ibili ty requirl'm cn ts is ex tre mely wi ck . Fields in whi ch wo rk
m ay be prosPc ut l·d as s p1•c ifi ed by la w includ l',
am on g ot hers , ro ad ,\·o r k; con s truction o r pu hlic
buildin gs, n 'Crl'a ti nn al foc ili ties , pu blic util it i('S
s uch as sc,\·C'r s:·s tt-m s an d water s upply sy terns, a nd a irpo rt s : nn st•1T11t ion ac ti Yi ti cs ; and
profc ional and sc n ·ice projt,cts. Thl' contruction ,\·or k !wi ng prns1•cuted in acco rdancp
wit h t hi s s tatuto ry aut hor ity irn·olYl's bot h

impro,·f' m c'n t o f ex is t ing facili t ic and n ew
eo ns tr uct i01 1 job . N011co11 Lru ct ion ac ti vit ies
covp r ecl uc.1tion al, r l'c reat ion a l, and o the r cult u rn l and commun ity se n ·i <' ty p<'s of ,\·o rk, a
wd l as a wi dl' Ya rie ty of publi c ,\·clfa re and
n'S!'itrch act 1Yit ies. 6
C er ta in re t ri ct ion s, h owevP r, h nYc been
pl aced u pon t h e k ind of wo r k th at m ay be
und ertaken as a ,TPA p ro j Pct. F or example,
rl'gu lat ion ha Ye been c t,1hli heel to pro hi b it
Llw o peration of pro jects t h a t would compete
,\·ith o lhe r puhlic \1·o rk o r wi th priY atc' indusLr y.
No \\"Ork or c rv ice m ay lw und l' rl a:k cn which
would r esult in t h e displ act'm cn t of p E'r onnel
r egula r!:· l'mployecl by Lh l' pro.i <'Ct s po nso r or
otlwr public agen cy or whi ch would preven t t h e
employm ent o r p erson s who o thcl'\\·isc would be
employ ed b:r t h em . In t h e a ,·nid a n ce o f comp eti t io n " ·it h private industr:· t h e produc tion of
to n e, g raYc],
uch a
cons truc tio n m ate rial
and bri ck is n ot en cou raged nnd i limi t1'd (wi th
t h l' excep t ion of con cr e te pipe, whi c h a fter
Juh· :3 1, 1940 , ,\·ill be subj ect to stri c t prohibi tio n ) to m ateri al n eed ed in t he pro ccu t io n of a project when it is shown tha t neccssa r~· m ate ri als could n ot otlw nvi C' lw o bta ined
with a Yailable resources. By lcg t la tivc proYi ion pro j ects for th e impro vcnwnt o f p en al
a nd rdo nn ato ry in ti t utio n arc ineli g ible cxcPpt
whl'n th e P res id en t d etermin es t h a l t h ey will n ot
ca us<' o r pro mo te comp etiti on o f t h e produc ts
f cnnY ict la bo r ,\·ith th ose o f free la bo r. Also
i,w li g ihl L' a rc pro j l'c t fo r tlw d evelopment o f
fac to ries o r pla n t which co nlributc din'c tly o r
incl irC'ct l)- to t h e product ion o f goo d fo r sa le in
com pl'l itio n " ·ith l'Xis t ing indu s t ri es (, tat u to r y
cxcp ption a rc m ad e for products d E' ri vccl from
t lw fi rs t p rocc s in g of swee t po tatoe and fo r
n an1 l s to re prod ucts).
In additi on to t h e r egul ations fo rmul ated to
pn'n'n t c mp d ition wi th pri vate in lu Lr_v , t h e
op e rati on o f cNt ain sp ecific kinds o f wo rk is
prohibit cl . WPA fund s m ay no t b E' u sed for
t h l' m anu facture, purch ase, o r con stru ct ion of
n aYn l Ycssc ls, m u nition s, o r oth e r implement
o f ,\·,u. .V o pro hibi ted i th e use o f fund s fo r
t lw n1w rntion of t h eatre p ro jects, altho ug h su ch
p rojPcts \\"E're elig ible for op era ti on pri o r to
.Tun e :30, 1939. ,York cmnps m ay n o t be
6 T he n: tture of pro.:ert WlUk underta ken by the \\"P.-\ i, tle.;cnbecl in
111,)re de l :\il on pp. 65 to 80.

OPERA'l' IXG POLICIES

c Lnhli hcd r'xcepl as an inridl'nlal pnrl ol' nt lwr
proj ec t - "·li e1T n ecessa ry hc'c·11 u, c of difliC"ul ly
of Lnrn s porlnlion or o th c·r ' P ·(' ial condition s.
Proj ec ts for the cxLens ion or imprn,·c' ltl<'n t
of s lr cts and utiliLi es in rc'lfl,t i,·ely undn·elop c-d
a rea ar e i1w li gihl e exce pt where the utiliL_v
r improYt'nwnt is n ol dependent on tlw area
traversed o r where th ere is ti ssu ranee tha l the
work " ·ill re ult in definite p11hli c b en efit \\·ithin
a rcasonflblc p cri cl , parLicularl>· in conn ect ion
with lo,,·-cos L hou ing d cvelopnwnl s uch a th e undcrla,kings that arc insured by th e F ederal H ousin o- Adminis tration .
\Yith re p cct to th e h ousing programs of the
l:nited Sta tes H ous ing Authority th e \'(PA ma>·
not p erform work on ;1etual huilding cons lrnction but ass is ts in uch prog rams througli the
prosecution of projects for housing urHy ,
prep aration of publicly ow ned site , and contruct ion or improYemcnt of public ft1 cilitie
such as st reets, sewe r , \\·ater rnains, and park ,
when uch proj cc L ar c set up und er eligibl e
ponsorship .
\. further requirem ent for proj ec t clig ibilit~-,
pPcified in th e ERA Act of 1939, conce rnPd
th e siz e of buildings : no Fed eral project ,,·aeligible for appro val afte r .July 1, 19:39 , \\·lti ch
il1\·olved the constru ti n of a buildin g on which
the total es timated co t exceed ed '50 ,000 and
no non-F ederal building project on ,,·hich th e
total e tirnated cost to th e F ederal GlH"Cl'llm ent exceeded $52 ,000 was eli gible unless tl w
pr j t was one for which a bond is uc lta<l
be n authoriz cl at an elec tion held on o r prior
to ,July 1, 19: 9. Tlw ERA J.. ct , fi sc11 I year
1941 , rai sed the li mitalion on th e Federal cos t
of buildings proje cts to ·100,000 and ewmpted
from this limi tation projec t for which homl
issu es h ad be n au th o ri zed prior to ~fay 16 ,
1940, and pr ject certified by th e Sec retaIT
of War or tlw Se r ' tary of Lhc Navy as being
important fo r n ation al lcfcnse.
Sponsorship Procedures

Prop erly qualifi I ponso rin g agenc ie 1mt1ate
formal consid eration of wo rk which the·>· ,,·i h
to baw und ertaken as WP.\. proj ec ts by submilting proj ec t pr posals to tlw s ta te o r local
WP.A offi e. The e propo Hls give det a iled
informat ion a to the loc,1,tion and purpose' of

. \ ;\'I)

PROCEDC J ES

Llw prnjc,r l , ,1, g-e rwral cl e c riplion of th r work,
l<'l 11il c·d cons truct ion and eo. t s pcc ifi ·:tLion s ,
mid ot hl'I' p erlirwnl d ata .
Each sponsor, in ini fo1lin1; t hl· proposal, is
requirc•d to -ign a ce rlifica lion wit h regard lo
the accuracy o f the data uppli c•d in Lhc' prnpo:al
an<l nn agreement lo t he efl'l'CL that Lh e projc,cL
,,·ill no t he plact'd in op eration until a surnn cc
i gin'n that the' po nso r's conLrihuli ow ,,·ill h e
mad e ,waila blc as pC'cified in lhl' propos,tl and
as requirPd hy prnj (•ct o perations. .\.1 ) inch1clC'cl in the ag rl'em r nt i , tlw assurance' Lh at,
if the proposed work is un<ll' rt akr'n , Lhe ponso r
,,·ill fimrnce u h p:ul of the l'Hlin• co t as is n oL
to be uppli cd from F ederal fund s a nd thaL llw
proposed wo rk wi.ll be clone i11 co 11formancc• with
all IC'gal rcqui rl'nwn t. and n1.ks a 11d regul ation s
of th e \YP A and in a co rcl ,w cc with the sp ecifications given in Lhe propo:al.
Unti l the fir:-; l of Junum·y l9-! 0 the siz of
sponsors' contrihuLions wa not fixed by l:tw .
either in relative or absolu te te rms, bu L was
largely controlled through th e limitn,t ion of
th e amount of F ed eral fund :1U0Ltcd for nonlabor costs- a limi tati on whi ch was c tah lishl' d
al $6 p er work l' r per month und er th e Hl 3~) ER.\
r\..cL. In add it ion s tatutory provisions now r equire that at leas t 25 p ercent of the total cost
of ti ll non-Fed eral projects approved on and
a ft er Janua ry 1, 19-!0, for 01wrntion in any
s ta te must be suppli ed I y the sponsor. (Und e r
th e ERA Act, fi scal year 1941 , effec tive ,July 1,
1940, proj ec ts ce rlifi I as imporLc1nl for dde nsc
rn:1y be exempt ed fr m th e e requiremen ts .)
Th sponsor ' contribution , a d efin ed by
"\YPA r egula tions, m ay be m ade available in the
form of cash , materials, supp lies, and equipm ent rental ; p ersonal se rvi ces at the proj ect
site or onsulling, en gin ering, and oth er profession al se n ricl's: land or leases, casem en ts, or
ot lw r righ ts to land , n ecessary for proj ec t
op erations; or other items cssl' n t ial to t h e
proj ecL. Credit is allowed , however , only to
the ex tent that such co ntribu Lions r epr csr'n l a
finan c·ial burd en undertaken by th e sponso r"
pec ifically f r lh c proj ect.
Application and Approval Procedures

If, in view of th e r cquirenwnls indicnl ccl
abo,·e, the proposal is foun d to he' accl' pl ,1 bk

88

REP RT ON PHO ,RE S OF T II E WPA PROGRAM

Ii_,. the s lnl<' or lor:1I '\YP.\ ofli r(' to wh ich it i
'- llblll i ll <•d , :lll :l ppl iC':1 lion form is pr1•p:1rl'd on
tlw ba:-is of th e data g in•n in t lH· propo:-nl and
is sub111ilt ecl to t lw ::- l:1ll' aclmini .. trntor. For
projl'cts s ponson•d by Federal ngl'nC'ies, th e
npp licntion is prl'p:1n·d hy t he ng(•11<·y <·onct•rn ecl
nnd fonv:ucll'd lo lhl' :- tal l' admini :-l r:1lor for
approYa l. ,\f ler cnrdu l n•vi(•,,· lo ::-l't' t h:1t the
projl'cl conforms lo l hl' ,·ariou s nriP::- :rncl regul:1tion. of th e '\Y P.\. and :1ft1•r :lpprn,·:il by the
s lal<' nd111ini strnl or, l lH· :1pplic:1tio11 , together
wit h nny s upporting doct1nwnts t hat may be
rwr<•ssnry . is trnn s111ill<'d to t he• F(•<i<-rn l \\'PA
in W ash in g ton. D. C .. and lli l'n' rdl'rr'l'CI for
pl'r:1ting diYi sion
n·eo111m<·rnl:1lion to the
(l~ngineering Di,·is ion or Divis ion of Professiona l ::rnd Pic•rvice Prnjl'cl. ) h a,·ing jt11·isclietion
ov<'r t hat type of ,,·ork .
.\ pplieations for ce rtain t~· 1w s of proj<·cL are
:1 lso r eYie,,·<·d Ii~· ,·:uious other gon·rn 111 cn tal
:1gencies J)l'rfor111in g rel:lll'd work or h:1ving an
:1 d visory intl'res t in s uch " ·ork . This revi(•"·
l' nable tlw \\-P.\. to IH'ndit from t hl' leelrnical
c·xp eri<•n c<' of th <•se agenci es and in s11n •s that
t lw project will conform lo tlwir ge,wr:d polici e
:rnd not con fli ct wit h ot her proposl'd " ·ork .
F'o r in s tn n ct', proj(•ct s for th <' cons l rt1 c·t ion or
improv!'nwnt of Fecl<•r:1l -:1 id hi ghw:1ys mu s t be
npprond b~- t h<· Public H nd s Admini s tration .
:1 nd projl'cts pro Yid in g for mnl:1ri:1 -con t rol
drninage. l:rnd n·clnnrntion , or dr:1inag<' of
swnrnps nnd pond ,- for <•lim inntion of mosquitoc•::-. 111ust he n·vil'\\·(•d nnd rl'Co111m<•ncl ecl
hy t hl' Biolog icnl Surn~· of t lw Dep:1rtnwnl of
t he In terior lwfon· th <•~· nrr nppron•d Ii_,- th e
\\'PA in '\Yasl1in glo11 . Each npp li c:it ion approved by ill!' \\' PA mu st nlso lw npprOY('d b:·
till' Pres idc·nl hPforl' t he proj<'rl lH'conws
:1Y:1i lnhk for 01wr:llion . FP<krn l proj<•C'l . an•
'- llhj Pc t to :1ppnff:1l h~· th C' l3urP:111 nf t lw 1311dgd
lwfon• final :1pprnn1l by th e Pr<•s icl<•nt.
F'rom t he l'('S(' ITOir or proj1•c·l s t h:1t ha,·e
r<•<· eivecl Pn•s idc·ntia l nppro,·a l th <· st:1tP ndminis trntor may :it any tillll' S<' l<·rl t hos<• lws t
::-uit l' d for 01wrnt ion 11ncl1·r tlw rondit ions th en
pr<·,·ailin g. On cl' a projl'Cl is chos!'n for opernt ion it mny lw OJ <' r:1t<•cl in its l' ntird~· as
approved or in parts t hat l'l' J)J'!'::, ('lll sdf-contni1ll'cl unit ::- of work inc l11cl<·d in th e :lppro,·ed
prnj rc t. C ltid con siderntion in selecting a

prnject nn· the Mrcl fo r th e Lype of mpl o)·nwnt whi ch tlw proj<'cl wou ld upp ly . th P
i111nwdiatt• :1v,1i lnhi lity of t he kind s of labor
rl'quirl'd , and t lw u. efu l1 H•s:,; of t he projl'ct.
Cos t factors ,i re a l o im portant consickrntion
in proj l'C'l selPction .
B_y nH•a n:,; of tlw r c-s(•r·,·t· o f a pprn n •d proj e ls
:1 hi1;h dPgrel' of flt •xi hility is maintai 1H•d in the
prngr:1111 . Tlw progn1111 t hu s can bl' <'X JHllld<•cl
quick !:· " ·IH' n an incn•:1-.c·cl 1111m lwr of job,- i
nl'l'ded for eli gibl e un Pmplo_n·d ,,·or kers, ,rncl it.
contl'nt can be modifi<·d with chan ge,: in the
nc·<·upationa l di s t ribution of workrrs axai lable
fo r nss ig nnwnt to pr jecl jo lr.
Opera ting Proc edu res

.\ fter n proj ect h as been , lrct ecl by th e tate
:1dmini::- trator for oper:1tio n , a projt•ct l'n g- in eer
nr '-UJ)<·n-isor is chose n by thl' local \YP.\ ,rnd
sC' h1·d11 ll's of work a nd of 111:1terial a nd l'quipnw11t dcli vl'ri es arl' an nn g<' cl IH'twee n th e \\'PA
01wrnti ng divi . ion r o1H·<•J'IH'd nncl tlw pon sor.
Till' operntion of th e proj<•(·t s that h:n-<' been
:lppron•d :ind sdc·ct<·d is tlw r sponsibilit.,· of
l it l' \rP"\. , with fu ll c·on::- idt•ration lw in g ginn
to t he rl'cornm L' 1Hl:1tio n. of tlw sponsor rc•g:nd in g t lw C'o ndu ct o f wo rk . Wh en all cll'l:1 il ;; of
nJH'l':l lion h:1ve hel'n d<'n· loped . lh r wo r kl'rs
ll('C'\'s::-nry for proj ect 01wrat ion. ar e r equisition l'd fro111 the OiY ision of J~mplo_vnw11l b~th!' di,·ision h:1,,ing- supt•n·ision of t he projt•d.
Tl l!' sup<•n-i sor of the projec-l is re pon sihl<· l
the loc:1 1 rcpH'S<•nt:1liq• of t he 1YPA op rntin g
divi sion for l he efli cil'nl operation of t he
prnjl'Ct. Th e s pon sor is usuall y r espo nsib lt• for
tl'C" l111i ca l :1d vict• on t he projt•ct work, hut nil
,n:1 ll(• 1·s n• l,1ting to e111plo_v ment a nd lo \\' PA
fin:11H·1• s ,ne L'ntirdy " ·it h in tbe juri ,-dictio11 of
t ill' l•'t·d<•ra l Governmt' nl.
Pnrti cular attt•ntion is p:1id to the prO\·ision
of s:ifl' " ·orkin g C'on liti on s on prnjecls. H11ilcli11 g::; Hr<• in s1wct1·d for fire, flCciden t, and hea lth
h:1 znrcl s. .\l <•cl1 ,rnical equipment is required
to m C'\'l safl'ly rl'([Uin•m<•nL. R rgular in s pt•cti011 :,; durin g th e period of 01wrntion insun' the
n ppl it':1 lio n of com prl'li c11 si , ·t' safrt!' l'l'gtrl:1 t ions.
Pn•ca 11tion i t·xNc iscd in hn11d lin g nnd storing
infl:1m11 rnh le nn l explosin· m ate rial. On ly experil'ncecl men arc as -igncd to jobs invoh-ing

OPERATIN G POLI CIES AND PHOCEDlJRE

un u uni h aznr<l s, and all work r. arc fnmilinri zed
\\-illi pr •rflutiorni ry m easure if the. c !llT n ect•RH lf
Specinl afcty dc,-icc such a:=; aogg-k · nnd
hdrnl' L nre provid ed where th typ<' of ,rnrk
mak s th i ad,-isablc. \\11 n accid ents do
occur , compensa tion is provid ed for \\-P c\. ,H,rkCl' through t he Pnilcd States Emplo:n -es' Compen a Lion Commi sion , t whi ch fu n ds hn n- bt•cn
rnncle rwail ablc for th.i purpo e und er cacb of
the ERA Acts.

89

In acl<li t ion t t lw n'gu la tion s governing the
i.nitation and proscC' ution of proj •cts, an
accoun ting ystem h as h cen dc,-clopcd to cont rol th e expl'ncliturc of fund s requin-d for th e
prog ram . T h e r financ ial control s ar e maintaillcd by th e \YPA DiYision of Fin an c and th <•
Treasury DPpartnwnt. Th l'Y cover sponsors'
a \\-ell as \\-P.\. fund s, hot h labor and nonla bo r
items, and im-oh- c cons tant control of ail transa ·Lion on ind iv idual projceLs .

FEDERAL WORK PROGRAMS
AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE
ous for th e unemployrd and n sis t.rncc' for
Y,ll'ious groups of per:-ons " ·ho nre unable to
work :He curr(•ntl)· being pro\·icJt,d through
se n'ral public programs. Public a, sist::m ce is
also g iH'n to certain fnrm families who e n ee d
is not directly attributable to unemploym ent
or to u nemploynbilit_Y but to tlw fnc-t that
the returns from their farming opl'!":1tions are
not .1dequate to meet their b.1sic ubsistence
rrquirl'ment .

J

Federal Work Programs

The' rnwmployecl group contain mnny :·otmg
pc'rsons \\·hose' lack of training and work l'xperi<'11CP ,-,(•riou sly handi ca ps thl'm in their effort
to obtain employment. Through the special
youth program of two agencil's includl'd in the
FedNal SecuriLy Agmcy- thl' Civi li an Conservation Corps and tlw National Youth Aclmini s trntion thr FPderal GoYernment enables
young ml'n and young wom en to exl!'nd their
trnining and to dPnlop skills n!'cd!'cl by private
entl'rprise. .J obs for a dult \\·o rh' rs arl' proYiclecl
on projects of other Federal agencies. Th e
principal employnwnt-proYiding pr gram of thl'
F(•dl'r.1l Gon' rnnwnt is o pPrated hy tlw 11·ork
Projects J.. dmini s tration , \\·hi ch is included in
th e F ederal "\Yorks .\ g( •ncy. \YP.\ projPct ~
s upply man:· kinds of const ruction and nonco ns truction \\·orJ., for Ulll'mployed ml'n and
\\'Ornc•n ha\· ing practically all types of s kil ls and
oc·c·11pntional backgrounds. In addition. a con!lO

sidc' rabk numlwr of \\·orkrrs, parti c ularly t hose
c•x1wric•ncecl in th e con truction indu s try , are
emplO)' l'd on public \\·ork project financed by
otlwr constituent admini trations of tlw Federal
\York Agency and by other agcncic and
department of t he F I rnl Gonrnrn ent that
participate in con truction work.
Work Projects Adm inistration

Tli e primary objeclin' of the "\YP~\ program
is to l' mplO)' unemployed workers on publi
work J rojccL . Since 1935 , t h e year in which it
was es ta bli shecl , the "\YP A ha s furni s hed more
cm1 lo)·ment each month than haYc a ll other
Federal \1·ork and con ' truction programs comhi1wd. .\ n a \·crage of approximald)· 1,73.- ,000
persons wer e employ 'don "\YPA projc t during
.Jun e 19-W (Tnble -10). .~n outstanding characte ri s tic of the progrnm is its flexibility which
ha s enabled it to be expanded or contracted
rapidly \\·ith ch,rnges in unemployment and
economic conditiow . I n ther ections of thi
re port the kinds of work undertaken by the
\YP.\ , the s tatutor)· proYision goYerning it
oprrnlion , the accompli hments on project
actiYitic , the amount of fund s expended, and
otlirr aspects of the prog ram arc di scus eel in
some' de tail. I n o rd er to facilitate compari on
with other Federal work program , however,
ce rt a in fact concerning the worker employed
nn the program arc s ummarized below.
Only one m ember of a family group may be

F DEHAL "\V OHK PI OGJ ,\ ?If

<' ll1plo_,.(,d on th e \YP}.. progr:1m . ) .. lthougb
men illld " ·omen or ,111 :1ges from 1 up,nnd mny
h0 certifi ed f r WPA 0rnploynlC'nt, th0 program
0mploys r0lati1·dy fr"· pe rso n und0r 20 y0ars
of age or over 65 h en u ' e other progr ams ha ,·e
been e t,1bli h 0d by t.110 Fed eral Oonnunent
for youn g I eo ple and for the aged . The size of
f::unili Ps of ·f f PA work er i sli ghtl y larger on
t he anrage than that of familie s a is ted
through mos t, other programs. The widely
varied occupat ional and ecluc:1tio1rnl characteri tics of \YPA workers arc important in d etermining tbe kind of projc t
elected for
operati on m a g iven community.
\YPA
1Vorker receive s tandard mon t hly wages, th at
vary in nccordance 11·ith th e kill required for
th e job to ll"bicb the worker i a s igned . The
e tabli sh ed wage schedule ::ilso va ric between
geographicul ar e:1 , gl'ographie:11 differences being limited to cliffcrcn ti:1ls in li ving costs.
Civ ilian Conservation Corps

The 'ivilian Conservation Corps, org::inizecl
in April 1933 , fmnish es employm e nt and ,·ocational training to young men who are unemploy ed and in need of employment.
early
nine-tenth of thP CC enrollpes are "Juniors"
who arc elec ted from a mon g unrnarri cl men
bet11·cen th e ages of 17 ::incl 23 , inclusive, that
ar • not in r eg ular attendance a,t school. They
allot to t hri.r clcpenclcnts about thrce-qu:1rtcrs
of their basic ca sh all owan ces of .·30 a month.
Emollcc are emp loyed on public proj ec ts for
th e con ervation and d c,Tclopmcnt of natural
re ource . They receive m:1intenance in camps
wher e they may participat in educatio n :1nd
training programs thrit upplenwnt the t'Xprriencc obt:1 in ed through pr jec t work . I n
June 1940 'ongre s authorized the CCC to offer
pecial trammg in non ombatant s ubj ects
e. ntial to .th e operation of military and naval
e tal li hm cnts.
uch s ubj ects inclu le ooking , fir t aid, operation a nd maint nanc r of
motor ve hicle , ro:1cl and bri clg e co n truction
and mainte nance , phoLogrnphy , radi o, and signa l communications. The
'C is auth ori zed
to maintain in the contincnt::i l Unitrd St:1tcs a
maximum enrolled Lreng th of :300 ,000 nwn , of
whom not more than 30,000 may he 11·ar Yl't-

A.\'D PL'BLI C .\ SS TST.\ i\"CE

91

en1n s; in addition, pro,·i. i n is m::id e for t lw
enrnllmcnl o r not rnor e than I 0,000 Indian s
and a ma ximum o[ .5 ,000 men in thl' tenitori(• s
and po sess ion . Act11al enrollm nt in the
CCC us ually bas a pproa ch d t.h aut horize d
maximum except when di scharges and repbH:em nts are b ino- nrnd e at t h e nd of enro llment
p eriod .
National Youth Admin istration

The XY .\. prnYidl'S p,1rt-tinw empl oym ent
[or you ng women :ts w ell ns yo11n g nw n on its
' tudcnt nnd 011t-of-sc hool work program s.
High sc-h oo l ,rnd co llege s tudent s 11·ho oth ern·isc
would be unable to r emnin in school r ccei,·e
monthly Parnings for work p erformed und er
th e NYA s tudent work prog ram . •\.pprnximaLcly :350,000 hi gh scl1ool and n e::i rl_Y J :·o,ooo
coll ege a nd grnduat e s tudent s rece in,d s uch
earnings in rd ay HHO. All work is clon e und er
th e direc tion of loca l sch ool authoriti<'s, who
es t:1hli sh th <' hourly r::it('S of p:1y.
tuclent s
arc permitl(' cl t ll"Ork ,1 uffici('nt numb er o f
hou r s each month to e:1m s p ec ili ecl m::tximum
allow:1nc es. High sch ool s tud ent s ma)· reccin
a maximum of . ·5; eolkge s tud ent s rn:1y :1rn
$2() n.ncl gradua te s tucl cnLs (, ine e ::,C,ppt('mber
193\1) :is much a ·:30 per month. Tlw s tucle11t
work program b ega n in t h e autumn of 1985.
In thP two precedin g sc hool yenrs t h e F eclcrnl
Ernrrgcn c)· R eli ef Adminis tration had l\ 1mish('d
s imi lar :1ssis tanc to colleg(• and gr:1d11:tl (' s tud ents but ma le no provi ' ion for s tud<·nt ' of
lower grad e .
Thousand s of n rc cly youth s 1d10 are not,
attendin g sc hool n 'e ('in· part-time emplo_nn ent
on tlw out-of-sc-hool work prngra m of th(' XYA .
Nearly a ll of t h m :ll'C be tween l and'.?-! Years
of age. Payments \\"('l' C' mad e to approxirnatd)·
270,000 ])<'!'Sons for wo rk p erformed 011 L11i s
prog ram durin g ,hine Hl-±0 . The proj('Ct 1rnrk
is su pplcm<'n te I by a prog ram of r el at Pd traini no-, which co ns is ts o f s peciall)· d rn lo1wd b ss
work on S\1ch subj('cts as bh1 <' print rpadin g.
s hop arithnwtic , nnd citi ze nship . Ernph:1 s is is
now bein g g inn to th e d (•vclopnwnt of f11ndanwnt:1l s kills r eq ui1 '('(l fo r autornotiYl' :md aircrnl't me c hani c , nwtal and rn cc h ani al shop
11·ork . nnd for otlwr occupation s th at ,1re of
0

92

R E P RT ON PROG R ESS OF T H E WPA P R OGR Al\ 1

impor ta nce for th e nat io nal d efen se. vVherevcr possible, ins tru ction is s upplied by vocn Lional schools and t he loca l pub li c school
syst em s . In ar eas wh ere ccluca Lion a l in t it utions do not h ave ad c [Uatc fa cilit ies fo r t hi s
work , co urses are co ndu c ted by N YA s up er visor ·
or by per"'o nncl fro m ot her p ublic agen cies .

Publ ic Wo rks Administrati o n a nd Othe r Fede ral
Agencies

Cons tru ction projects o f Yario us unit s of t he
Fe d eral Governm ent ot lwr t ha n t il l' 1\"PA,
:N YA , and CCC h ,wc p r \·idc d employ men t fo r
la rge number s of l' xperic uce d wo rk ers mos t of
wh o m are n ot cer tified as bein g in n eed o f r elie f.
_.. early all of this cons t ru tion wor k is h an ll ccl
on a con tract ba is. It h as b en fin an ced h t h
fro m reg ular appropriat ions and from fund s
ma d e ava ila ble by emergency appro pr ia tion
act . Nl a jor progr am s o f p ubli c work ar e condu cte d b y t h e Pu blic ·w orks Ad mini s t rn tio n ,
th e Publi c R oad Ad minis t rat ion, t he P ubli
Bui ldings Aclminis tr ut ion , und t h e [ nited
S tates H ou sing A u t bo rit)· , all of whi ch ha \·'
bee n com pon ent part s o f t be Fc.cl cra l 1\' o rks
Agen cy sin e July l , 19:rn . Co ns tru ct io n \\·o rk
al o is don e by oth er F ed era l ckp ar t mcnts an d
agencies chi efly to imp ro n' and extend t heir
own ph_vsical fac ilit ies .
Tb e n ation -w id e prog ram of PWA projects
furn ish ed em ploym en t to a pprox inrnt t·ly 0.000
wo rkers 'in June J 940 . Sen·n Ly t housand o f
t hem were engaged on pro jec ts op er ate d by
slate and local governmen ts fo r ,\·hich tlw P 'I•\ ',\
has m ade gran ts of up to 45 per cen t of totu l
rosts, often 1 nclin g to s po nsor ing bocli c O IH ('
o r all of Lhc rem aind er . I n t he per iod in ·t• it
was es tahlish ccl in 1933 , t h · PWA h u al o li1H1.11ce d a large numb er of con t r uct ion proj rC' ts
th at arc plann ed and upcr vis(' d by other F Pdt•ra l d epar t m ent s and agcncic , inclu d ing- t h l'
War and Iavy D epar t m en t , t he Pub li Roads
Admini s tration , th e Bureau of R cchma tion ,
and t h e C oast Guard .
Nearly 320 ,000 additional worker \,·er employed on a w id e var iety of F edera l con Lru ctio n
proj ec ts in Jun e 1940 . Approximat ely 92.000
of th em wcr eng aged on F cd r ra l-aid high way
wo rk und er t h <: su1w n ·is io n of th e P ub li c

R oa ds Admin isLra tion. The W ar D ep artment
employ cl a bo u t 35 ,000 ; th e avy D epar tm en t,
a lmos t 80 .000 ; and th e Uni ted SLa tes H ou ing
Aut ho ri ty , over -!1 ,000 person

Public Assistance Programs
Pu blic a is tan ce programs ser ve chiefly t hose
des t it u te person who are una ble to work on
p ub lic proj ects.
D ep en d en t chi ldren , aged
pe rso ns, a nd bli nd person ar e aid cl through
th e t hree specia l as is tance programs th a t are
fin a nced in part by th e Social Security Board of
t h· F ed eral Sec ur ity Agency. The F ed er al
Go Y 'rnm en t also pro vid e aid for certa in lowin c m fa rm fami lies by m eetin g th e costs of
a progra m of s ubs is ten ce grant adrnjnister ed
by t he F ar m Sec uri ty Admini tra tion of t h e
D ep a rt m en t of Agricult ure. State and local
gon·rnmcn ts ar e entirely r espon ible for extendi ng gcncrnl r lief to f::imi lics and sin gle p er sons 1\·ho ar c in need but for va r iou r ea on s
cann ot be aid ed tluougli t he employ m en t or
as i tan ce program s in whi ch th e F ed er al
Go \·er n m cnL participates.
:'.\inn)· 1w ccly fami lies also r eceive agr ic ultura l
omm odi t ics th at a rc purch ase I by th e F ed eral
, urpl us Commoclili cs Corporn t ion of th e D epart nw n t o f Agri cultur e in ord er to r em ove s urp lu sl's of fa rm pr ducts. l\tios t o f t h e fa milies to
wh om t h e co m modi t ics ar e cli s tri bu ted are
primarily d c pen len t on gen era l r eli ef or som e
o t her form of assis tan ce, alt hough in cer tain
ar l'~ts wh er e gen eral reli ef l"uncl s an • ina d equate
so me fam ili es rec eive no otlw r ty pe of aid .
~u rpl u comm odi t ies ar e g iven in a ddi tion to ,
a nd not ns a par t of, earnin gs or assis tan ce
p,1:v men t m nclc und er t hcr p rogr am . In an
increa ing m tm b(' r o f ar eas, sm pl us comrnodi t,ie
a re dis t ribu ted by mean o f a food stamp plan .
Rt·cipicn ts f \ VP A earnin gs , general rc•lief, a nd
0t her fo rms of public assis La n ce ar e given blue
sta m ps which m ay be used at reg ula r grocery
s ton•s to purch use a ny foo d curren tly designated
b:· th e Seerctar y o f Agri cul l urc as a s urplus
co mmod i t~·. 1n ord er to r ecci vc t he free blue
s ta mps, r ec ipients ar c r eq uin d to p urch ase
ora ng color ed s tamps in a1n o un ts a pproximately cq ui \·alcn L to th eir n ormal food cxpcutlitmcs. Th e orang e s t umps may be u eel fo r
nl l t:·pcs nf foo d . T h(' plan . whi ch w9 s in tro-

FED E R.\L , OR K PHO(: ll.\M S AND l'

du ced cxpcnm nt:1lly in fl fe w eiti cs (•o rly in
J9 39, wn s gradually ('Xl encl ecl Lo new nr('a,-; in
1940. A similar program for Lhe di s trillll t ion
f urplu coLLon goo cls wa u11d crLaken ('X peri mcntall_v in April 1940 .
Special Types of Public Ass istance

nd er th e ocial ecurily Act lb (• l◄'ed c rn,l
Go n •rnm cnl 1x1rlicipnt cs in tlu·el' spcci11I lypcs
f pub li c assis Lirnce- oid to dl• 1w nd enL (' hildren,
a id lo lh e blin d , and old-age a i lance . ' in ce
F ebruary 1936 , F ederal grnn Ls-in-nid ha ve been
mad · lo tale in whi ch program mel't the
rcq uiremen L o f Lh act. F ed cn1l eon tribu Lion
a re b:1 scd on t lH• amounts co ntribu ted b_v lit e
lat es for t he assisla nee of needy incl i vid ua ls
wh o :11' C 65 y ars of ,1gc or old er and a re not
imrnil r s of publi c insli Lutions; for needy children
under the :1 ge o f 16, r undr r t he age of I ' if
n •gul:1rly a LL .ndin g chool, wh o lrn ve bee n deprivr d of t he support of one r both pnn,n ts
nncl "·It o are li v in g in th e ho me of a r elati ve;
and for n eedy blind indi v idu als wb o arc no t
i111rn1 l r . of a public in stituti on. Up to ' Pl'c if-i ed
limit s for ca h Ly pe o f c •cipi enL , Lhe l ◄'e d e rnl
UoY<'rnmcnl c urrr n tly pays fo r one-h alf o f Llw
n. sist:111 cr giv en Lo eac h incli v idunl tind for part,
f Lli l' cos t , of admini stra ti on. ln .Jurn· 1940 .
pi1y nw nt s were made to 1,970 ,000 rec ipi l nl s o f
old-,1gl· nssi La nce , 72, 000 rec ipi en t o f ni d l
t he bl ind , n,nd :340 ,000 famili c on b eha lf of
3 J ,000 de pend nl children.
Farm Security Administrat ion Grants

Th F arm cc uri ty Admini s Lra Lio11 m:1 kl's
. 11 bs ist!' ncr o- ranL to dl•s lilul e :ind low-in eo mc
fa rnll' r;;, form tl' ll anl , a nd shart·cr oppl'rs Lo
up ply t hem wi t h food . medi ca l care, clo thing.
and ot h l•r i lems rwedcd for f.i mi ly s u bs is tcnce .
a\ p proximall•l.v 60 ,000 gra n ts W(' rc• mad P b_Y l h<•
F '"\ in ,Jun e 1940 . In l h<' pas t , rl1i d Pmph nsi;;
has IH•<'n givl'n lo case,; of c•xl r<' IHl' di ;; lr<'ss in
fo rm :nr a. dev:1. l::tll' d by d ro ug-h l, fl oocl ,
~lo rm s. nnd simil a r catas lro plws. No w, a n
i11 cre:1 . ing p ro po rli on of thl• g rnnl s ar c br in g
givP n to J'nmi li l's l hat arc poL(•nti :11 rcc ipi r n Ls
of F S.\ loa n. . Tli (' F S.\ 111nkl'S lon n. lo lowinconll' fa rm fa rnili e wh o a rt• un a bl<- lo o bta in
ad ccp1:1tc · c r<' cl il from an ., · nt h<' r sourc<' . for l hP

BL L ' ,\ SIST.\.'\ CE

purch:1s(· of fa rlll
s loc k, and land .

93

upplil's, eq uipm ent , !iv •-

General Relief

.....\ n•sidw.11 gro up of per 011 ' wh o f r vari ous
reaso ns :11·<• 11 0 L n·acliecl by progrnm s in whidi
the Fed ern l Go {' rnm ent pa r t ieipa t cs rece ive
gc nl' rnl relief from local a nd s lnle gove rn m enl -. Th e g ro up includ es phys ica lly handi ca ppl· d a nd ollH•r un (•mplo_va ble p<•rsons wh o
<lo no l med eli gibilil.Y requireml' n ts for a ny o f
tb e s pl'c ia l ty pes of public ass is t,rn ce and nl o
ce rt a in em plo_v:1 bl c per ons wh o cann ot be
ass is tPcl t hrough the work progn1111 s bl•eause o f
limil11lions in th eir occ up at iona l backg round s,
' horlage of availa ble funds, o r oL her fac tors.
In sonw areas, ge neral rclid is also given Lo
fa miliL•s wb o n •cp ive a id und er ot her progrnrn ·
if t hl' famil y in co mr incl ud ing .;; uc h a id i on id cn •cl insuflicil' nt to mee t t heir min imum
requirl' men L' .
Th <' nclual adminis t rat ion of ge nc rnl relief
is chnra cLni zecl by lnc k of uniformity . Practices wilb n' pee l to eligib ili ty requirem ml
and stand nrd s o f care differ w i lt-l y from co mmunit y Lo co mmunily . In ,llTas wh cr l' gen eral
reli ef sLandarcl s :ll'l' hig hes t , nll of Lhr Ly pcs of
cases men t ioned a bove arc aid l'd . In a large
numb('!' of co mmunrlr es. howL' \'('l', gen eral
r r li d j , rarel:v g ive n lo any fn mily th at co nta ins 11 m ember eo nsid ercd Lo he empl oyn bl l•,
a nd rl' lid a ll ow,rn ce' in llwse communit i<'s foll
fa r sh rl o f nd qu a ll' subsis le nc<' l'(•q uirenw n ls.
Nl•,1rly nil of tlw general n•li d g in •n by s l nle
and lo('n I gon•rn nw n ls afk r t h(' d isco n l im1,1 t ion of F elkra l l ◄, m e rg <• n cy R (' lid Admini s trnti on g rnnts hn s IH'l' ll in lh r fo rm o f dirrct r li d .
Durin g t he p:L l .ve nr . how<'vr r . n numh r r of
th r ro mmun ities t hat n ' si l l'nmi lil•, \\'ilh Pm plo.·r n ble nwml w rs han• cl vl'IO[Wd onw form
o f ,rn rk rc> li d for pn rl of t heir gl'n<•ra l n•li Pf
en l'S. Work rclid nclmini s te rc•d by loea l
ag ncit•s is usw1 ll y lim it ed lo acti ,·iti rs t hat do
not l'(' qu ir l' llw Yn ri dy of ski ll s us(•d on iYPA
prn jl' Cls, ,111d th <' nmou n ts paid lo l hl' wo rk <' rs
:1 1' (' g(' ll (' ra ll~r mu ch lower l han WPA wti ge
r:1t es for un s ki ll ed wo rk l•r .
ln t lw co un lry :1s n "·hok , 1,:37 :3. 000 fam ili r ,
a nd s ingle 1w rso ns rl'C l'i ,·r d g"l' IH'ra l re li d in
.Tun <' l 940 . Th e nYNn ge gen l' rnl rel id cu ·c

9-!

HEPOHT 01\'

PH0<3HESS

OF T H E ,YP.\ PROGRAM

the Jl10nth. :i nd i t]n,r do rr includ ed in th r
re<' ipient c· o11nt f01 t\\·o prng rnm s during the
s:1mc month .
~ o }\,dl'm l agen cy eo ll cc·ls C'Omplde . tati tiC"s on th undupli cutcd numlw r o f rccipi<'nt
:1id!'d by :111 progr am s. T he W ork Proj ect
.'i.dminis tr,1tion an d the Sor in! Sc'curity B oard
h :in'. hmn'VP I' , prepared month!)' P tirnnt<,s of
t lH• undup li C':1tecl number. o f ho118elwld8 irnd
tl1l' unduplicatccl numbers of per-~ong in th e
l1ou ,w hold lwnditing from Fl'clPral work pro~r:1m s nnd the ,-:1rious form s o f public a i t,rnee. The con'r age of th ese srric and of the
comparable r ri c on pnynl<'nt to r ec ipi ents
is d e erib cd in the technical n ote beginning on
f)tlg(' 104.

has a hou t t hret' person. as com pnrrd to nn
an'l'llg"(' of 11(':lrl:· four n. ,f\ ) persons in families
of ccrtifi<'d \YP.'i. workers . Fund s :lpproprial<.'d
for g(' IH'l".11 rdid hy s tritc and loca l gove rnnwnts
frequl'nl l:' arc inad cq ua ll',a nd thi s factor.rath er
t han nrtua l ll C'C' d, o ften d etermin es the volum e
of gp1wr:1l n' li d paynwn L.
Unduplicated
and Persons

Numbers

of

Households

TJI(, tota l numbt'r of n•cipil'nts of all F cd(•ral
work :rnd public ,1ssi t:rnc e prog r:1 m c,1nnot be
ohtni ,wd by simple addition. Paym ents mad('
under some of the program ar c i11 tcnd ecl to
m eet Lh e n eeds of a f:1111 il y gro up ; th ose mn clc
under oth ers, s ud, as t h e stud ent work program ,
ome
:nc inkndecl only fo r certain i11di,·idu aL.
fa mily groups, moreo,·er , bcnefi t from more than
one type of aid du ring a si nglt' m onth . One
mem lw r nm:· be en rolkd i11 th e CCC and th e re•
mnindl'r of th e family may rece in' gen er al fl' li ef. Statis tical duplication in monthly tot.als
n,lso may :nisc wh en n family receives one fo rm
of ass is kmc e in tlw Vir t part of a m onth and
is tran s ferred to anot h er in t,h c la tter part of
TAALE 40.-

Changes in the Fiscal Year 1940
.'i. totn l of :1hout 5,700.000 houst'holcl . conta ining ap proxi m ately 16, l 00.000 JWl"On s \\·rr c
lwn cfitin g fro m th e ,·ariou s program s at th r end
of t he fi ~en l )'l'ar 1940. Th l' numb er of person s
" ·as cquin1lenl to 12 prrel'nt o f th r total population in 1940 re ported in prt'liminnry rclra
of the Bun'a u o f th e Ct•n sus. Th e c w crr th e
lo,,-cs t Jun e fi g urt' since 19:37, as may b r srrn

I\1:'~lBEA OF PERl"ONS EMPLOYED OX FEDER .\ !. \Y oAK .\X D C'ONfSTRUCTIOX PR O,JECTl" AXD RECIP I ENTS
OF P rAL l C RELIEF, RY PROGR .UI A
CO:'\TJXF:\"T \I

Pn
=====

T

:'\11 LH ~TATES

lhou.;.unds]

~--=--== = = = =
Program

Pro!'Tarn
U nit

" ·ork J'rojrcts Administration

~Tntional Youth Administration
~tud(• □ t work prog-r3m
()ut.o!-school work prrn.!rum
C1nlian Consen·ation C'orp"
Puhlic \\ orks Arlministrntion .
"'To n-Frdernl prnjt•rl~
F,•rlrrn 1 projects
Otlwr Fedrrnl work nod "Onstruction projPcts :
Ernrrgcnry funds
R,•~1la r funds
8pPeial type,:;; or public a'-sistancC':
01<1-agP assi,;:;tance.
.1 ,,1 to dependent cbildren
lirl to the hlind _. __
nl•Jlt'ral r Plit>fC

Farm RPru ritr Administ ration cran•s

EmployPPS
Emplop•t.•s
Emp1o~·rt~s
Ernployrc~
H.i'C'ip 1t.•nt s
Fnm1lies
R n•ipi4?nt~
Cases
Orant Yourhc rs

Hrporti □ l!

l 'nit

IN um h••r

Prrrrnt
P ercent
chan~,• Xumhl'T chan~e
from
from
Junrl939
Ju~rl939

1- 700
.1,

-14

16,070

1. 734

-33

'i. 4fi0

-33

313

313

2fi9

+12
+2r,

2-. . u

+12
+24

240

-10

I.OW

-IO

~10
21

-66
-79

13 1

- 55
+ 30

70
7
312
4 1
! , 970
34fi
i2
I. 373
f,(l

-nri

-79

-.,2
+30
+7
+11
+.o
-12
- 12

I

931\

-18

3,8 19

+9

L 2,'lfi
1fll1

- JI

- 12

-"' Ree notr,:;; on pp. 104 to 109 ror ~ou rcP inrl d{'scriptioo of clat'l inrludt."'rl; pt•rc·t•ntages compu tt•d frnm unroundrd fip:un•s
u )J"umher of prrsons b('twfitt>d from sprrinl ~yprs of puhlir a-.sio:;;tanC'(', stimn tPd hy tlw nh~isi0n of Publir A s:--ista n ce Rt.•sea rrh, :--:orial ~PC:urity
Board: numhrr fo r oth<> r indh·irlual pro~rams r~t 1m:lft'd by " ·p A.
c \ rt'latin•ly 5ma11 numhn n•C'PinnJr only ho,pitnlization or burial :.in. inr1ud\ din fi~un•s for H/40 hul not fo r 19:l9.

FED E R J\ L \\.OHK l'HO(: H.\ l\JS AN D P l'B LI

.\ S LST,\.'\ 'E

fro m T :1 hk 41 or Ch a rt 1.5. T li e fi sca l )' <'ar
hd \l"('(' ll ,hill (' 10:rn :111cl .Tu rH· 1040 , and flu c tu c ndi 11g ,Jun e :~ o. 194 0 , ,Yas on e in \1·h ir h a s uba t C'd n t :1 lii g lwr 1<·\·<·1 tlt :111 i11 :111y prc •\· io us li sC' nl
, l:1nli :1 l d eclin <' occ un·cd in llH· es t ima ted 11 d
)"ca r.
To[(' \1·o r th y :1mo11 g t lH' irHT<· nses wen ·
nu111I H•r o f r ec ipi Pn ls of F l' d e ral wor k p rog rn m
t l10,;l' in t h e rnrm lw r of pPr son s <·mpl o)·ed on
e11rn ing ,rncl publi c a ssis t an ce. St:1 rtin g fro m
project s of tlH· t\n \·:· DC' partnwnl . t lw Cnil ccl
a lo wer Jt,y('l t han t h at \\·l1 icli m a rkr cl th e b e:-\t ntt,s ll o usi11 g Auth o rity . and th e• L' nit ed :-\tn tt>.
g innin g of t h e p rl' \·io u fi sca l y c:H , t h r nu m b<• r
l\ l aril imc Comrni ,-s io n . E mpl oy n H•nt on J>1YA
o f ho ust'l1 old s \1·as 14 p er cl'nl ,-rn :1 ll <'r in .lu rw
proj ec L a nd o t lw r F <•d t• rn l wo r k nncl con s tru c1940 l lrnn in ,Jmw l 9:39 . T lw 11 ('( rP d ucl io 11 111
tio n p ro j ec t s li11 :rn c·<· cl fro m <•m prg<•n c)· approt h e totn l nurn lw r of p er son s ,1rn o un l<· d lo I '
priat ion s clro])!w d :-; l l':1dil)· a s 11 0 IH' \1· nppropr iap r r cen l.
ti on s for th e fisca l y<•,n 19-10 W l'l'l' made for
B er au sc' llH' V\'PA op e rat es l it e l11rges t s in g le
t h l' r ;1c ti v ili es.
p r·og rnm f J u hl ic w or k for t h e 1111 <•111ployed 1111d
T h r o ug h o ut t he fi sr:1 I )' <•a r t lH• lh n •p sprcia l
b cnu sc it is lh r mos t fl ex ible or th e F <'d enil
:1. ss is t a n ce program s i11 " ·hi r h t lw :-\oc i:1. l :-\ecur ity
" ·ork program s , eh :111ges in l h l' Yo lum r o f 1\' PA
B oard p articip11 tes co n ti n uccl to n ·g is t er mode mpl oym ent cl etrrm in e t o a ve ry l:1 rge <'X l!'nl
erat e gr owth. On e t ate \1·a s nclc! Pd to t h e mm1 lh <• trend in t he :1ggreg:1 t r num lwr s lw nditi ng
h e r op er:1 ting prog n1m s fo r a icl to t h e blin d
fr m a ll progrnm s . The s harp drop in l it <•
und e r plans a ppron•cl hy th <' Soci,11 ,_ccm- ity
to t nls h r lw <'c' n ,lun e 19'.l9 :1 nd ,Jm w 1940 \1·11s
B oa rd , bring ing th l' tot al to .J l t:1.t s and tlw
a ll ri bu l :1 hlr ch ie fl )· t o a h ca Y). tlt-r l i1w i 11 \\"PA
Dis tr ic t o f Colwn bin . A s in t h C' pn •Yiou s fi sca l
em plo)· m en l . 1
yc:1. r , th r F ed ernl G oH rnnw n t p,1rtic-ipnt cd in
:d onl h -lo-m onlh ch a n grs in r mpl oynwnl on
t he old -age nssis t a ne<' prog r:1m s o f a ll 4 s b1 tes
o th N F r d e r:11 work pr gr am s clmin g t he fis c11I
a n d t he Di s tri ct of C ol11mhi:1., a nd in th e :1 idye:1 r 1940 fo r th r m o t p ar t fo llow ed patt e rn s
t o- d ep C' ncl ent~c l1 ild re 11 prog ra m s o f -!0 s tat es
e t:1 1 lish e 1 in prrvi u year s.
YA e m p loyand the Dis t ri c t o f ' lumbi:1.. In .Ja n u ary
m r nl incrca , ed a s th e ,. ch ool y r ar prog ressed ;
1940 cover age o f tl rP old -:1.g<' assis ta nc e proC C r nrollmr nl sh ow ed li ttle eh :rn gr o t lw r t ha n
grnm w a s bro nd L•1w d i11 thn•t' s l:1 l C'S in compli a n ce
th r t r mpornry d ecli n e th at occ ur c· ,· c·ry t lm .> c
with a prO\· is io n o f t hl' orig in:1l Soci:ll S ec uri ty
m ont h s a l tlw end of enro llnwnl p ' ri o d s; :1. ncl
Ac t. T h e ac t ~p ec ifi ('S t h ltt a ftt• r .Tnnu aiy 1,
r rnplo)·nw n t on r egu lar F r cl r rn l co11sl nr c li on
1940 , n o st a t e imp os ing a mi11imu 111 - :1g<' r equi r eproj Pc ls foll o wc• d th r u su :1.l sc•asonal pu t l <' rn
m ent of m on ' t h an (i.5 )'enr s " ·ill he •lig ible for
a socia t r cl wit h th e r ffec t o f W<'a l h r r co nditi on s
F ed er :1! old- age a ssis l:rn ct' g ran t; until t h at
on o utdoo r em p lo:vm en t . In C HART 15
crensrcl appropri :1 ti o ns for th e
HOUSEHOLDS AND PERSONS BENEFITING
fi C'a l y ra r l 9-!0 . h o" ·ey er , p r r FROM -EMPLOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK AND
mit t ed a s uhs t a n l ia l expa n s ion
CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AND PUBLIC . RELI EF
of th e
YA programs, and h)·
Janu ary 1933 · Jun e 1940
M IU.IONS
MIU.I O NS
or PERSONS
OF' HO US EHO LDS
th r • pr in g of 1940 t h e numlw r
30
12
of )7 0ll t h s emplo:vccl exceed ed
prrv io us a lJ - tim r hi gh s . Ne arly
25
n o
340 ,000 yo ut h s w er e employ ed
I
20
8
on th e out-of- c hool w ork program in F ebru a r y and 4 0,000
15
6
tud e nl s w er e employ cl on l li C'
t uclc•nl work program in .t pril.
10
+
Employm ent o n n 'gular F C'dern l con s tru ct io n proj ct r a nged
.J..__
5 f--- - - ' - - - - - - + - - - l - - - from 200 ,000 to 3 1.5,000 w or k er
;' POISO NS

t ~l't..' pp. 1 :rnd 2 for a mo n• com plru~ ana lysis
Qf ehnngr, in \I' P A em ployment du n r.g lhl' fi scal
ye~r.

1833

1934

1935

11136

1937

1938

1939

1940

9(j

JU. l'OH'I OS PHOC:RES ' OF T H E WP .\ l'H OGR..\ ~I

d:l!t' it pt' rlllitt('d stilt<•;; to rPq11irr a n1i11i111um
,lg-1· of as much as 70 yen rs. Till' 11ct, ho11·t•1·cr ,
aut hori ze th e Fcdt'ral Gon· rnnw nt lo s l1 :1n' the
cost of nssista ncr g-ivrn to individuals lwt wel' n
t li t• n~!'S of ti5 a nd 70 as 11·r ll n thosr 01·er 70;
h (' ll ('I' a ll buL Lhn•t• stnlt•S lrnd adopted t li l' 6.5Nrr~1 AEH

OF' P ERso,;;s

E~1PLOYED

year limit long in ndvnnc<• of t lH• dnlt• l'<'((uirPd
by t l1 t• s tatute .
.\lso r ff t'c·t i 1·c ,Janu ary I wen• lib cnr.lization,;
of F ed rrn l parti cip ation in the t hree s pcci11 I
ty p<'. of 11.ssi, t:1nc<• n1:1d t• in ncco rd a nc<' with
!lllH' 1Hlnw 11 ts to t he Soc i al Security Act ap-

ON FEDERAL ,Y oRK AND C'Ol< !STR1:'CT 1ox Pno., 1cc-r,- , :-- D

OF P UBL IC RELIEF, BY Pno GRA M

R 1-:c1 1·1 ~; xT-,

A

J\ I O!<T II LY. JA l<L'AR l' 193:!-.ll ,E 19 10

[In th ousa nd s)
t:ndupliratrd
Totsl
Yea r a nd Month

l-'uhli c.· \\·orks

Adm inistrati on

A fl ministration

\\'ork
Projects
1
--~~~~ ~n~s· Student
1
work

Persons

H ouseholrts

National Youth

in I hC'sr
ho use-

program

holds

Oth e r F e d e r a l
\\'ork and Con·
s tru r t ion Proj-

C ivilian

ConserOut-or-

va t ion

school

Corps

XonFedera l

\T"Ork

rroiects

program

Federal

Civi l
Works
Program

projects

cc·ts
Emer~e ncy
fund s

n.;n

Jan1 1ar,
1-;-C' hru tin

1.

.:llar!'h .

,i, 52fi

.I pril

I, 'IOI,

;\l ay

,;, Hlfi
.\ 401

Juop

A, O:l2

Jul y
- ---------------..\tH! tJ '-; (
_____________ _
Sepl1•111lirr

1. iS7
-1 . fi2'
4 , 2!l!i

Otlolll'r

I. 1,,f,

Xo\·p111her

,1 , IH),,,

Dcrrrnhn _

i, 230

Jan uary
F l'h ru nry _______ ----·---

~. Olfl
~.011
i, 2fi~

-------------····-- _
--------·------April
M9 y ·-----------------·--- . .
Jnne . --------- -·-------- -----··
]\[ a rch

-------·------------

July

Au g u<- t __ ·------------------Sr ptC'mhrr --------- ·- ------ __ _
--·------- - ----- __ _
Ortohrr
~OYPmhe r - ---- - -- ------------ -Drrrmher. ___ . ----·-· -·-·----··

Jan uary .. __

1985

Ii , 13fi
,;, ~(;fl

:1,

~Ji

.\lffrl
Ii, 2fi0
fi,

2~3

II,

3i,1

Ii, ,;;i2

Ii. 7 IG

Ji, q;14

1,. ()( (i
19, o,o
2 1. !i39
2 1. m,ri
20. gr,r,
19. l'>!i
I,.
l i,
lfi,
lfo,
20,
2:i,

274
222

2~. 22-~

297
293
2fi~
2fifi

20~{
IJ72
1i...2
3~ i
21, li9

21 , iifl

11 1
2fil

2 1, , :l!i
21. t,i2
2 1, IG:i
21. ()fi\

Junr ·--

fi. 1~0
ti, li fi

:.?1. "Ii

···--·---·- ------- · - ·

Julv
.\u~ust
Sl'p trmhrr
Ortohrr
No\·rmher
D rrr ,nhr r

.), ifl2
A, '-\:l/J

:,. i 3 1
'1, O"i3

22fi

294
2b I

iG
95
Ill
120
12fi
12·1
107

44r,
411
348
309
21,8
224

I

3,,,
34i
30fi
2\13
33',
151

114
120

IOI
1,1
4S3
1[,fl
180
4fl9

127
135
12R
123
110
9

139
106

3!i0
303

12fi
103
3/i!\

-i Ii

:\22

-tO l
215

:i "

95
~i
123
li2
2 13
240

83
74
76
81
90
96
75
71
G4

23, Ii 1ft

21. '127
20. l fi3
211,000
Jfi,f,0 1
2fl, !IH\

239

226
229
2 4
380
44

310
3!i0
3!i2
330

"-,j [J

5
43
132
223

21
23
21
3·1
.II

rn;
:3!i7

'10:i
ii i

22. l!ii

.:llny

(D)
I
3
9
25

2~9
290

2'-:,
2,1,
2:{,
21,

Ii. IO I

April

221
237

?.II
2-.;n

l~fi

_

.:lfarrh

I

,'-I I I

fi,,:ifi
Ii, \ ~.;
'1, X23
II, i:l,i

Frhruary __

21
~II
241

21.'"1
11'
i :lfi
,173

22,
22,
22,
23.
2 l.

152
lH
16
190

220
~i4
70:i
I , XI.,
2, fif,j

94
iS
~3

wn

If,

144
l!i
200
2-1-1
2G\J
253

240
199

li2

/.9.~fi

Jan uary
Frhr11 ary
;l[ un·h

---------·--1
·····•·----

____________ _

~i':;.i ...... :.... ::::.::::::::1
~~~;,~:--.. -.... ---------- ------1
Septrmhf'r
tohl'r
Or
rnhrr
ro\·r
D errm hrr

I i, 0,;3
Ii, l~-t

'?fl IJIO

:?, "i~(I
:l, Oi!I

fi, 192

1. flfiO

21. 2Mi
211. 3S4

.i. ,; t,·,

l'l,lq
1,,111(1

2, ll(ifl
2. fi2fi
2, ::l!li

.;,nn

2,

\"i. Ii'.?
P,,"{Jq
1'1. l'"li

:?, :l:!2
2, 11!1
2. !i4X
2, A4fo
2. 243

_ ·----- -----·

.i, !)Sft

i, 91i'

1!1. ~lAfi
rn . n.if1

101 lo IOq ior dt•..,tripta,u of dat:l

n Lrs.._ than 500 person':',,

n,

J;,..,(l!),;

,;, :,,2

,;, 71 A
Ii, 0-12

321

2, 217.;fi

.\ liH

---------·--·-·-···
----··----·---·--_____________ _

\ St•r not1·~ 011 pp

21:~3fi

(R)

I

induLied .

2
fi3
341
399
111

~~fl

lfi.1
lfi2

:1;;0

247

:13,

Jnj

~)\I

!(if.
172
I 78

330
343
328

246
234
214
200
17.,

5
49
39

20"

ISO
167
122
91
66

'· 53 2
3. !i97
4, 3 11
3, !i·I
2, fiOfl
I, IO;i

23
(D)
(B)

· --·aI

45
3fi
32
3~

44
42

IS
17
Ii
18
Ii
14

41

12
12
12
1:1
1:1
14

34
31
32
3,
42
4-1

1,
3P
:,.;fi
137
l ~:l

·Hi
49

71
ii

2Jfi

Gs

44

42
44
42
39

:i'-\

232

:.o

2fifl
2Rfi
3.11

H
49
fil

3!12

;,

4 Hi

!O:i

!Iii
40:i
38/i
3fi l
331
302

140
l:ifi
162

111:i
159
HI

I

FEDERA L W ORK PROGR.\ MS ..\~I) P UBLI

97

..\S ISTA N E

proHd in Atw u t I 9: 9.2 F r m ,Jul. I 9;39 to
.J une 1940 th e n um b r of olcl-ao-c a sis tance

rer ipie uts ro.c from n nrl _v 1, 60,000 to 11bout
1,970,000 · t h e numbrr of fam il ic. rccc iv in g ,l id

. E1h·c-1heJanua r y 1, 1940. the ma,im um m o othly p ay m ut fo r o ld-agr
;ls:--i~rnnce or oid to th e hlind towards whi h thC' Frdrral Oo\·(•rnmcnt

of °$ 1"" a mont h fo r 1hr first chi ld and . 12 a month for each addiliona1
d11\d nided in the sa nw homr ff•df'ra l rc•imh ursc•ment.. prodsions wr re
also t'\lt' Ild ('ct to to, 1•r nerdy chi ld rC' n 16 and 17 yf'a rs of age who arc rt.'J!·
ularlr attend in'! srhool.

c-ontrihutt•s one-ho Ir was increased fro m . :m to 40; and I ht• ra ti o of F'( •dl'rul
po rt ieipn1ion in payments fo r aid to Oept.~nd('ot t hildn•n u nder lfi ~ca rs

of

AC!:C

was increased fro m one -third

T A Ht." ➔ I .

10

onr- ha lr of th(' maxim u m amo unt

N t1 MB EH OF PER " ONS E M PLOYED ON FEDERAL \'1° ORK .\ X D
ONSTR CT I OX P HO J ECTE; AND R EC I PIE X1'~
OP P U BL I C R E L i l, F , BY PR OGRA M 1- C'ontinuccl

JV[ ONT II L\ . .) .1 :< l ',lllY 193:l- J l":<E 1940

[ I n tho 11sa nds]
~ peeia l 'Types o f Puhli c

F't>dr- ral Em ergency H r licf Admini stra·
tion Specia l Programs

,cnrra l R c li

Assistance

F' arrn

Sreurit \.

R e li ef
Aid to
depend ·
e nt chil•
d ren

Old•age

nssis.t·

anre

Eme rAid to
the blind

Poor

T otal

relie r

No n·
re li e f

Erner ge n cy

Tran·

gency

sient

ed uca·

College
s tud e nt
ai d

tion

Rural
re h a hilita t io o

Adm_
inf~-1
trallon

'fear

and ..'.\ IOnth

Grant s

relier
J,9:j ;

lO!I

11 3
Ill
Ill

108

108

2;j
24
24
25
24
24

JOii
JO,\

JOi

109
110
l ll
Il l
111
11 2

25
24
24
2.1
24
25

4. Oll2
3. 940
3..I, 9
3, fi47
I. 037
3, 2 16

12:i
123
12.1
12,,
12.'>
1311

110
109
111
109
110
109

27
26

:i.

1:H
141
145
1.14
]f,4
206

110
I JO
109
111
111
11 3

IW
1Hi
112
I JO

112

JO

11)5

104
10!'1

4, 2-1 7
4 . .5 12
,e,, 0 i
A, l ~A
4, S49
4. 3.

IH

1)5

Januar y .

ll5
84
ll7
67

F\ \h ru ary.
:\l a r ch.
April.

64

June.

3. 927
3, 788
3, 428
3. Hfi
3. ~70
3, 093

68
63

Jul y.
A u g u s t.
Re pt e m ber.
Oclohc r .
No,·ember.

102 I
104
135
167
]S4
204

4. 133
·I. ·100
4,978
,), 071
4. 735
4, 2 14

11 2
109
I 14
JJ4
114
13:,
152
16 1
171

Hi7
1.13

64
67
75
90

173

2. 9fi2

171
177
18 1
190
17fi

l 11 3

29

13.\
3. 284
:-i, i70
4. :\44
4..1.51
I. 4-11

3-,
31
31
33
32
33

4..j3 J
4, 76fi
I. soo
4, 84~
.I. 0 13
5,285

175
191
190
199
192
207

4, 3.lfi
4. ,'7.1
4. fil9
4. 649
I. R21
,5, OiR

33
32
32
33
32
33

.I, iiOO
,1, 410
5. 41n
5. 2.;J
,; , 077
4, 7114

224

.I. 27fi
5, 2110
!1, 172
fi. 013
I. 8-12
4. 534

ll0
110
110
11 2
11 3
ll7

34
33
33
3ii
34
35

4. 59,;

231
240
25 1

123
132
132
144

37
41
43
42

43
44

26
'27
2fi

J\ l a,·.

3 ..193
4. 31;3
4, 3f. l
.J , 2fifi

112
85
fi7

i2
75
6R

72
83
82

(B)

2
JI

28
34
33
26
17

9

D ccm her.

(8)

I
31
61

66
64
34

9

244
2i3
2fil
2fiS
26,
243

10
14

24
31
35

69
96
100
100

- ·-··

-·-·

--

· · - - -- --· ·- -

--· ·--(B)

··------- -

32

42

1984
January.
F r hru a r y.
J\f a r r h .
April.
J\fay.
June.

Ju l y.

42
·10
40
46

Au gust.
Reptembcr .
O ctoher .
No,·emher

.52
69

D errmh('r.

!02

72

l03
105
104
100

~7
li~
2 10
205
20 1

Jan uary
F ek u a r y.
J\f a rc h .
April.
:\l ay.

1935

430
173
;\().\
;)j )

fi07

149

f,/;(I

156

,,:--.

15.S

7

HR

973

110
1.14

,mi
I. 11:J,I
I. IIH;
';-;l't·

I

42
43
H
44
4.5
45

1581
lf,0

note" on pp . 101

4.
4.
3,
3,
2,

238
2,J I
235
230

4fi0
161
97,j
723
Ri9

260
269

1. 4,12
1,4:34
l. 3R9

I

l.
I, 39f,
IOfi
l. .110

•- • -

62
65
68
55
30
20
14

3
3
l
1
1
1

-------- -(B)
(B)

--

2-W
240
281
28S
281
2fi9

56

fB)

I

79
72

.;9

J.3f.4
4. 220
3,910
3. 723
3. 463
2. f,10

2,52

2. 216
2. 1:rn
2,0lO
I. R27
I. 6.ii
1, 555

In 109

" Lrs.., t haa 500 persons.

230

-I

ro r description of data in clud ed .

(B)
( ll )

40
42
H
+I
JI
32

263
2-19
170
110
110
3
39
27
23
15
13
11

28
32
2-5
19
17

8

(B)

(B)
( B)
(B)
(B)

JO

(B )

9

(B)

9

(B)
( B)
( B)
( B\

9
9
11

S2

JUne.

Jul y.
A ugust.

Hli
108

Srptrm hc r .
Oc t ohrr .

·1-1

JO
3
1

fi
130
15 1
13!1
li2
108

6
62
41
f,0
77

&
93
135

°N"O\'C'lllhf'r .

DecC' mh,.., .
1/136
Jan uary.

Fi•hruary.
;\ l" arr h .
.\pril.

:\ l ay.
J11nr.
Jul y.
. \U ITT.J ~t.

, Pf)l('111 1Wr.
Octohrr.
N°OYl' lllhl•r.
DN·rmhf'r.

g

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF Tl:IE WPA PROGRAM

to clt•Jw ncl('n l eh ildn' n i ncrcnsed from :ipprnximal l'ly :~ 10 ,000 to :ilrnos t ~.50 ,000 ; nncl !' (' ipients of aid to the blind incr e:rncd by ab ut
3,000 to n early 72,000.
During th (' f-i sc al _ven r 1940, gene ral rrlicf
Ou ctuntecl nt n onw,drnt lm,·er lrn• l than m
the preceding )"en r. 3 Th e do1n11rn.rd trenc l in
Bt'l'H USP data for month :-. beginning with Jan ua ry 1940 indudp a s mall
numht•r nf casrs th:1t rrc·l'in•d only hos pitah1ati11n nnd or burial, they

:ur not t nt1rely comparahk ,, ith those for prior months.
T ABLE 41.-Nu~IBER OF P ERSON

the national total wns nttributable in pa rt to
ge n t•ral impro,·em ent in rr onornic condition ,
but hortn ges of funds nnd t•xpnnsinn of the
ocial ecurity progrnm we re r es pnn. ible to
some extent for declines in cc rl c1in area .
C han gl'S in printt e <'mp lo_v m e nt ha,·e litt.le
cffl•C't on ge neral rdi C' f in tate 11·h re it i
virtually rest ri etecl to cases h aving no emplo)·ablC' m ember . Thi s is not true of the larger
indus trial tat e in " ·hicl1 a hi g h p re ntage of

E~IPLOYED ON FEDERAL " ' ORK .~ND Co:'s'"TRUCTION PRO.IECT>S AN D RE C IPI ENTS

OF P UBL I C'

H ELIE,. BY Pno crn ..u, • -

Contin ued

roxT I NENTAL eNITED RTATES

~1ONTrJLY, JANPARY 1933-J UN E 1940

[lo thousands)
t · nclupli ca ted
Total

Nationa l Youth

.\ dministratioo

Y ea r and :llonth
ll uuse·
hold s

Persons
these
household s

in

Project s
Administrati on

I

I

Publ ic

e r Fec.leral \
Works . \ d· \ Oth
\\' ork a nd Con·

m101strat1m1

Civilian
Conse r• - -

\York

~tu<lent
work
J)rQJ!nllll

Out•of•

school
work

stru c tion

Proje~

ErnerJ!enc,·
ruod ~

Regula r
funds

,ation
Corps

~onFederal

projects

()rtll! rfilll

Federal
projects

I

J<f;7

5,973
5,%,

January
Fl'hrunr~

6.om,

:I larch
Apnl
:ll ay
Jun e

-----------

Jul y

Aur!USt
Be pl r mhrr
Octolwr
No\'(.'Olbc r
December

19, IM

2, 12i

1~. "-ii;i

2. 14.~
2, 12!l
2. Oifi
2, (II,',
1. 74

l9. 005

417
42i

HO

lc5
1;.,9
192
192
18/i
I 73

350
345
303
303
301
2ii

147

150
133
127
123
127
136

276
2i8
233
263
298
284

144
13,>
120
107
91
77
65
f.3
65
73
b2
;,4

!i. bi,
5, f,fi9
5, 3;,;,

1~. 3fi6

4, b>,!i
4. i~2
4, 69"
4, 83H
4, 992
5. 338

14 ,817
l4, 408
1:l. 9g;;
1 l. 103
14, f,~!i
J.1, 967

1. 62b
1. .109
1, 4!i4
l, 460
l . 501
1. 594

3f>
24 4
283
304

5. 771
6. O 9
6, 41'0

17. ,1{)~
1,. r,3,
19. 9fii
20, 3,;7
20, fM
20. 774

I, 01
2,001
2. 3HI
2. ,53,
2. 63!,
2. i41

3 10
320
327
334
329
219

14!,

2sa

152
1.1/i
1,59
179
209

27~
262
2fi2
2.1;
245
2h4

2

21.5
219

49
:t?2

221
220

3r,4
372

230

26!
291
293

21. k92

2. fttjfi
3, 122
3,209
3. _ 2
3. 330
3. l !ifi

240

275

740
iM~
i 39
981i
233
!ft, 4R7

3. OJf,
2,990
3,0tH
2, 7Sfi
2, r,3,
2,570

3i2
3f.2
3h0
3;.4
:l72

237
242

295
296
259

I\, 4fifi

2,279
I. 9G7

Ii. 452
lfi. GG9

442
424
249
( ")

J.988

January
Frhrua ry
J\I arch

April

fi, ,iii-.

1' 1ay
June

6. fi~fi

Juh·

6. ti37
6, 172
fi. 1-.12
7. Oifi
7. Jf.2
i, 1,56

20.fM
21. 102
21. 217
21. 7f,0
21. 9r,4

7, 131

21.
21.
21,
20.
20,

B. r,,4

Au!m st
Septrmhn
Oct o lwr

l\ron1 ml wr
Decrmhrr

290

mil
133
143
154
152

SI
i

,o
94
105
122

24'"1
207
201
212
222
232

119
113
116
130
154
li5

2l-.
26
24
21
I
15

220

194
205
209
205
196
165

II
9
9
8
9
8

120
114
122
152

30
27
2(1
2i
311

29

1 i8

JG9
166
160
147

209

13
130
141
158
1 i

243

206

153

219
236
246
243

h

16

24
34
35

Ii
16
13
13

n

225
199

J9S9

Ja nuary
Fehruary
!\ l a r c h
Apnl
l\lay
June
July
AU ~ l"l

RrptPmhr r

Ort11hn
No,1•111hf'r
Decemher

---- -- -------..
------ --- --- - - - I
- - ------- ----- ..
- - ---------------------------- -- ------------------------------------------ --- ----19/40

Janu a ry
Frhruory
l arch
April. .::: ••
J\ l ay .••....
June

7, 177
6. 9,7
f>. 8011
6. fiO,S
6. 251
fi, 0~2
5. 767
.\999
6. 098
6,183
6, 37
6. 451
6. 43 1
fi, 217
6. 039
,;, 700

I 7, 1127
Iii, 492
ltl,%9

1

I, 71.i
1, , Hi

17, 2 3
17. 695

l, 946
2, !09

18. 436
18, 716
I~. t\38
Ii. 941
17, lfi,5
If,. 070

2. 203
2,293
2,294
2, 12.5
I.963
I. 734

nn PP - IOI to 109 fo r descriµtion of data inc·lud ed.
Lt•ss l ha 11 soo J)l rsons.

' :-;f'P not1·s
8

------- ------------ ---------- --- ------

7, 170

2.~0
(B)

23r,

2~
22.1
214

285

207

285
289
255

292
266

I
70
3fi2
423
434

21 1
22.'i
238
261
296

292
266

437

322
336
33/i
320
29f,
2fi9

293
296
264
2i2
2i0
240

4tif,

473
4h0
4ifi
3 13

288

140
144
150
liO
18,
20,S

34
31
31
34
36
3/i

10
9

197
192
180
Ifill
150
123

30
21

6
6
6

19
15

5
5

94
78
ii
72

12

4
4
4
4
4
4

72

70

2.5
2.3

10
10
9
8

',

8
9
9

6

1
15~
161
180
206
239

FEDER.\ L WORK PH O(:HAi\1S

the l otn l number of ca e is conccntrnl<'d . The
nalion :i.l gen cr:11 n' li cf toln ls we re t lte rdore
infl ur nce d nH, t c ri :1 ll )· by c li :111 gcs in the \·olum e
of prin:1.te emplo_,, 111 e nt and pub lic crnp!oymcn t,
p ri11 ci p:1Uy t lrnt proYit!Pd o n \\'PA proj c•cts,
and to som e exll'nl by bc, ,wfi ts p,,id under t he
u1wmp loyrnent compens at io n prog rnm .
From th e com pnratiYely low level of l ,M 0 ,000
in .July 1939, t hr 11u111be r of ge 11 cra l r eli rf cases
ro e to more than l ,G 70 .000 in Sep tern ber and
T AB L E

-!l. -

,urn

PL. BL [

then fr ll a lm o, t to l ,S (i0 ,000 in D ccrmber, the
Jo wt's t Decr mb e r fi g ure si ,, cr 19:-rn. Th e unus u,11 tre nd dur i1 1g t li rsc 111 ont l1 s rdlrc-l ed to a
111,1 rkcd dl'g rc•c· n n ps peri,1lly large volum e of
turno\·e r between t he ge neral re lirf ,llld the
1Y PA prog ram s. 1Lrn)· of th e wo rk ers terminat ed from 1VPA e mploy m e nt in .July ::Lile!
Au g us t beca use th ey had co mpl eted l li e lega l
maximum of l m o nt hs' co ntinu o us emplo)·m ent \\·er e added to t he ge nera l reli ef rolls.

1\ U ;IIB 8R OF P ER><ONS Ern·LOYED ON F 8 D E RAL \ V oRK
OF P uBL 1c

~'II) Co:-iSTRU("l' I ON

H EL I E I' , BY PH oc: rtA.11
f'ON'l'INENTAL

99

.\ SS l TA 'CE

l TN I TEO

P HO.I E<"TS .\N D RECIP I ENT"

"- Co11clud ecl

~T \T E8

l\lONTIJLY . JANT \RY JH:{:J Jt' NE 19-:I Q

(fn thousands!

Special •r ~ pes of Pu blic

Ge □ ernl

Assi.stn nce

Old-age
as~istanC'e

.\ ul lo
(lependent
children

. \ 1d to

Noo relief

Relief

the hlind

Reli ef

Frderal EmerrencJ H eller ,\d 1111rn strnt i1111 Bpecial J'ro~rnrns

Em ergenl'~
education

Transient.

Farm
Secur ity
.Administration
Grants

Yearand ,\[oath

----/9')7
I, 150

lfifi

I. 200
1. 251\
1. 296
1. 32i

lil
Ii
lb:l
1,u
192

1,290

I. 392
1. 432

I

19G
203
209
2 15

I , 467
t . 503
1.5-1 1
1. 5i7

220
22,

l ,f,00
1. 1123

2H

17
Ii

,,
49

l,lili:!
1, 72ii

1.

n, ,

4Y

l ,5f.O
1.
382

50

I , 277

50
51
52
51
55

l, ~.j/
1, '2i l

1, 31i~

5fi

1. ti21i

,17
5U

1, 89:l
1, ggr,
l,\IUI
1,8 1:i
1, mu;

I

(")

1(1

(")

33,,

Jan uary.

(")
(")

Ii

(")

221J

Ii

(")

32:l
30tl

.Fehrunry.
:l l arc b.
.\pril.
:I l ay.
Ju ne.

-----------

2th

19 1

1. 2nr.
I, 2ill

5-l
i8

Ju ly .
.\u g u st.

6i

Sep temher.

71
83
109

Octoh,·r.
.\"on•rnher.
IJ ecrmhrr.

108
l tY

Janu a ry.
FPhrun ry .
:I l arch.
.\pril.
.\ l ay.
June.

J.<ljb

234

m

1. IHfi

211

J, Gfi2
1, ffi7

2511

I,()
1,2

1, 65i

25~

Ii:?

1, 707
I. 716

252

21,1
2fi5
2GS

I

1;:1
fi.f

nr,

1. i3 1
1. i46
I. i62

21-1

6f,

1, 776

2bU

6i

2il

Ii.,

12!',
123
127

January.
l'e brunry.
\I a rch .

111
87
69

M ay.
June.

f,7

, ,oo I

], 772

'17

l. J.I

2HU

li'-i

:lll

(ii,._

3 12
:112

nti

:ll:l
3131

fiU
1\9

I , f"1!-i3
I, Iii\
l.fi:1:1

I. 90

31:J
315

li9
70

I. 51\5
I. 5fo:l

I, 924
1,929
1,935
1, 9-14
I. 9.,6
1. 9i0

325
3'.!'J
334
339
342
34f,

70
i0
71
71
il
72

93

.Jul y.

fii

IIU

11 7

i0
62
G9
79
89
11.i

2~7

1,851,
I. Sil
l. b84
1. b94
I, 003

12C.
11 2

1. ""

296
298
2Uli

f,',

.. ...

I. l\ltl
I. 5'>1
I. :i21i
I. ,19;
I. i\ l S
I. f\31

1, 787

1. 8 13
I. 830
1,832
I. 842

-----

I.
I , h5
7241
1. 1\ 14
l. :ii\~

I

l. :i lll

I. fo89
l, fik7

1.1\:l0
1,545
1.11\l
l.:!i3

---1

------------

. \ti j!LJ"t.

:-,;t•ptemher.
()c·t1> lwr

~on·mbe r.
l>,•c•i•mh r.
19.39

.\. pri l.

411
72

July

50
50

.\ u~ust.

f,fi

~rp trmlwr.
Orto lwr
'\o\·1· 1n her.

-- 1

9i

I kc.•p1nhrr.

lOi

···--·-·'

11.')

lanuar y.
Fl'hn i:1ry.
\ l a rch.
\ pril.

1940
lit/

sn

ii

r,o

\ l ny.

.J11nr

100

REPOH 'I O'.\ PHOGRESS OF T H E '.VPA PROCRAlll

('ornrrsrl:Y. laqre numhrrs of \rP.\ n •pbermrn ts wrn' l:i trr ma cir from t h l' n•lid rolls.
Th lnrge i1H'l'l'asr betwrrn D C'l'lllbrr :ind .T,rnuary w:1 s attributable in part to till' " w,pent-ion
o f c·c• rt nin \\'PA projert o pc' r:1ti o 11;: . in m nn)·
:1 rrns b ca usr of Lmu s u:11ly sr ,·f' n ' " ·ra th e r conditi ons. Durin g t hr firs t qu:irt r r o f Hl40 th e
n urn hf' r of g-r nernl re lief cnses r:rn ged hr twern
urno,ooo ,rnd urno.ooo. I u t b)· .\ pril the total
h ad dropp d below 1,550.000. D c rr :i srd se:1. onn l nred s and increasrd emp loyment opportun it if's co n tributed to the reduction in the
numhf'r of cnses during the last qu nr t er of the
fisr:1 1 yf':ll' to 1.3 73,000 in .Jun e. the lowest point
sin cr rn:37 . Th ere is re:1so 11 to lw li f' ,·e thnt
deelinf's w o uld h:we been g rr nt er if iYPA
proj (•c· l e mploym e n t lind not lh'en eurta il l'cl
s irn ul tn111 •o us ly .
Th r numl)('rofFnrrn Sf'curity .\ clmin i--trat ion
grnnts, r:rn g ing bel\1·ee11 -10 ,000 :111d 120.000.
,,·as :1lso s maller . on t li r :1,·er:1ge. t lrnn it h ad
been during tbe precedin g fi.C':1 1 yenr. Prono un c d flu ctuations c h ,1 r:1 cte ri zc'd the figures
for thf' st:1 tes in which the ]; :-;;\ rxpanded ittg rnnt prog rnm tempor:1rily to mret ernergeneic's c rf'atf' d by drou g h ts, fl ood;::., :rnd unu s u:11l y
cold w f'a lh e r in so uth e rn s tates . Outs t:rndin g
w e rr inC'l'ensf's in th e numbers of g r:rnt s mnd e
in tlir drou g ht nnd flood :Hens of so ut l, ea . t rn
s t:1 tes in the fnll of 19: 9 and t h e following
" ·int r r . In February 19-10 . tlii" form of nssis tnne wa . rxpanded in Floridn :incl othrr so uth<'rn s latr;: . wherr fr eezin g " ·eat h c'r caused " ·i le-.; prc':id nop de;: . trnrtion .
Changes in the Period

1933- 40

F lu ctua ti ons in the urHlupli(':l(ed numher,; of
h o usf' hold s n nd pe rson s hencfi tin g l'ro m F'ed e ra I
11·ork prog r:ims and public rC' li d hn,·e been
influl'n ced prim arily by se11s<n1a l ,·:ll'intions in
relief n erds and b:· rl1;1 11grs in t h e Yo lu rnc of
unf'mplo)· mrnt and in genern l ('C'ono mie condihnnges in t h e adrqu:1<·)· and ro ,·e ra ge
tions.
of indiYidual rel ie f' and e mploynwnt prog r,1111 s
and, to so me extent, in t h e nd<'qw1cy of fund
uppli cl for t h f'sr prog rnm s :lrl' :ilso influ e n ce '
tlrnl s hou ld be taken into eo ns idPr:1lio11 in in te rprrtin g fluetuati n s in tlir :1 ggr pg:1te rnunbe r
of' rf'c ipirnls. At times, tl1 f',:.(' fnctor;::. h:1Ye been
temporarily 01·e rs h nd0\1·ed by c•m<•rgency need '

a ri" ing from hurricanes. flood . , a nd ll'id e-.;prend
drou g ht.
B oth thr numb er of ho u:,w hold s a n d the
numbl'J' of perso n, b enditing ro f' during t h <'
firs t qun r l f' r o l H):33 . From t ll(' tota l o f 5.G.'J0,000 h ou sf'h old s nnd 22 .000 ,000 p er . on s r eac h ed
in Apri l , t h e numbe r :1 i l ed d cclin r d s teadi l:v
durin g t h <' nrx l fi ve month s. A pnr:1 ll e l m ovenwnl oc<·u 1Ted in thr Yolum e of unemployment
ns F'Pd<' r:ll recovc• r.,· nwn s ures got unck r ll'ny.
Figures for ll w " ·inte r o f I 933 3-1 r fl eet
, P:1so11n l increase'. in ne,,d and the rnpid gro w th
of l h <' Civi l ·w o rks p rogram initiatrd in X o,·ernhl'r 193:~. whi c h renuiterl app ro xi nrn t(' ly oneh:df o f its emplo.,·ees from reli r f roll s a nd t h e
r<'mnind e r from t h e brge g roup o f 11 1l(' mp loyPd
pl'rson wh h ad not b een rt'ce i,· ing rr lief . In
,J:rn uar,v I fl34, wh en C iv il W o rks en1plo,vment
wns at it s maximum, the numbe rs of h ousehold . and pf'r. on s ben fi ting from a II program
rose to the hig h est p oints r ecord cl during t h e
<;(• 1·<'n n nd onp-h:1 If y ear period .•'\.b u t ,000.000
hou sc• h o ld s contnining o,·er 2,c',000,000 pprson ,
n numbe r l' quind ent lo rnon• than a fifth of the
nnlionnl po p u lation, rrc(' in'd nssis t: nce in t hn t
iv il \Yorks
month . Tll(' cu rl ni lm e n t of th r
prog rnm in t h e first qunrter o f 1934 mnr hd t h e
h f'g innin g o f :1 g radu:il dow111rnnl l r r n d in the
11nd11pl i<' n l l'd numb er s o f r ec ipi r n L whi c h continuf'd until t lw autumn o f 19. 7 . The u,;ual
spnsona l pattern 1rn s di stort ed in th e s ummers
of l 934. and 1936 b~· the• llf'C<' s i ty of n iding
t h o usa nd s of di . tre sed fami li es in area t ha t
were drva t.akd by- ever e drou gh t cond itions .
R el id needs ll'er e ml'l, much m o rr acleq uatcly
in I 93 4 nnd 193fi tlrnn in 19:33. O1w of t h e prinrnry o hj rcl ives of t h e F ed er a l Eme rgen cy
H r li ef Admini . trntion . whi ch finnnc r d most of
t h e assis tance g iven h ct,w een th e dnl c' of its
<'slnhli s hm enl in :\la y 193;3 :in d l h t' lnttrr part
of I 9:35. was to rai sr relief st a.nclard s. pnrticu1:1 rl)' in l ho, r n rcns " ·h <'r l' th1•y hn d h<•rn ]o w e t.
:,.,tnnd:Hcls ll'('r<• agnin rai s<'d wlwn n1•11· pr og rams \\"l'l'l' introduc ed in I fl:3 :> lo rep la e t h e
,;ystem o f FER"\ grant to t. h e sta le•, .
Tlw ,kdines in t h e aggr f'ga t l' numb e r o f
recipi e nt s, w hi c h lwc am r f' 1w<' i:1 ll y pronounced
in ll w s urnnwr of 1937. " ·en' inll'rrupl ed b)· t h e
s hnrp c·ontrn ct ion in hu s i1wss :lC'li\'ily that took
plnr(• in the lnltl'r part of t lrnt ye:i r . T]l(' numhl'rs of' house hold s and per"o n ll" l'l'C gr eatly

1() 1

FEDE R AL W OH K PH Ot: ll.\ JS .\ i\'"D l'l' l3LIC .\ S IST.\X CE

ex pnnd <·d lo nwel llw in cr(':l . r el ,weds J'('su lt ing
from t h(' s teep ri se in lhe ,·olum r of u1wmp lo.Ym e11l. T he numb er o f recipient s, ho 11·c'l'<' r, did
not incn'a e as rapid ly ns did t11wmploymc•11 t, :t
la g which ma y be attrihut C' d iu part to the l'act
t hat rnnn y work e rs, before lwco min g unemploy ed , h:1 d nccumulaLc 1 s ufficie nt r cso urees lo
fi nance se vern J week or m o n t h s o f un e mployment a nd in pnrt lo th e limil al ion s o f fund s
an1ila bl e for Lh e severa l program s. Aft<'r r e:1c hing n high po inl in 193 th e tr end in rec ipient
11·n. ge neral ly do 1n1ward until lh l' fall of U):39 ,
follo11·in g irnproYern ent in economic con di tions .
;:,ince , eptem b er I 939, th r tr end ha followed
the winter in cr ense in un r mpl oyrnen l and lh e
subscquc• nl improvement during the spring.
Indexes of Unemployment and Persons Benefited

i 'IDEX or
I\lO'.\TIII) .

.I

\\;I \H)

! J!W,-'.l!I

;\l o nth
Hi7. 2

l·"'<•hru ary
) l a rC' h
.\pril
~ l ay

170. I
17'.l . 0

July
. \u gu s t

Bepte mher
October

~,n-em her
nrrt.'mlwr

.It

'.\"t,,

19-10

JIKI]

IU411

1!1:11

January

June- _

rxE~ ll'LOYM J<;NT A
HMa

13 1. 7
126. 3

Hl2. 8
152. 7

135. :1
13 1 :1
I 19 i
I Ill. ,
III 2
IOb i

14.5. l
13 1 .5
124 8
12(i o
13 1. h
13 1 fi

l lH II
I IH. 2
11 9 . 9
124 2
131. I
12\l 9

IU5. 7

1rn,,:, B

121

11 6. 5
I 12. 2
107. ,1
104 !!
101. 3
102. 3
102. 4
106. 7

1 IU. 6
Ill.I
104. I
97 ~
90. 3

88. o
i-lX.O

~o ..,

iS. 4
Gfi. 5

121. I
125. 3
120. i
125, 2
12fi. I

X5 . .1

1;:1. H

12 1. 3

h2. 4
74. 9

W4
no 2
59. 4
6fi. 7
,t. I
103. 6

121 :J
117. S
10n 2
JO~. 4
IHI.fl
10\l l

73.
76. 4

78. 3
, 3. 5

11 7 I

I I~ . •I

I II !I
11 2. fl
1111. fl
Jill. i

IOi I
I lfl. I
111, f,
10:1. 1

lfl:l fi
flfi. J

IIO. II
103. 1;

%.0
!13 4
Ui. i

gr,

~

-----

I --- -...

------

' n ascd on estimates pn'tmred hr the Xa tional l ndustrial Conference
Uoa rd .

clothing, co ntribu te to t h e hi gh degr rr of sensonalily in the r('liC'f se ri1•, . The ('fl'('C'l ' of
the extra dro ug l, l, rr!i C'f r mpl oymc n t provickd
by t he WPA in the las t half of 1936 nnd t he
dclnyNl C'x p:rn s ion in r eli ef nctivit.irs fo ll owing
t he ri sC' in 1mC'm pl oy m C'nt t h at bega n in t he
nuturnn o f 1037 nrC' also appa rent. \V hrn large•
grou ps o f workC'rs beconw m1employC'd, ns thC'y
lid in t h C' win te r of 1037- 3, onl y a part of
them are forced to ap ph· for assis tance i mmeliat ly . :M any nr e able to finnnee s hort
period of un emp loyment, from prrviously ncc umulnted savings or reso urces. assis lanco g iYcn
by fri ends :w<l rel atil'rs. o r , in r ecent years,

l n C h a rl 16 chan ge in thr lota l numbc•1· of
pl'l'son lwnefit ed by l h e Federal ,1·ork and publi c nssislnnce progrnms ar
compar ed wi t h
ch nnges in the volum e of une mpl oy m ('nt e limn(L'cl by th e 1 alionn l ln du s tri:il C'o nfer e nee
Boa rd . The ch ar t su gg<•sts l h at unemp loynw nt hn , gen er a lly predomina((•cl nmong t he
factors l h:1l hav e cl ele 1·mi n ed t he ltll( lupli(':1tl'd
n umb er of prrson s bcn efitrd by th ' se Yeral
programs, al t hough part of th e
CH ART 16
recipients arc not direct!~- affect.eel b~, un empl o.vment , ,rncl INDEXES OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND PERSONS BENEFITING FROM
ot h er factor noted aboYe , h:1Ye EMPLOYMENT ON FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
AND PUBLIC RELIEF '
been of impo rt:rnc in crrt:1in
periods. C le.l!'l,Y ('Yident 11 1'(' I NDD<:,:.__ _ _ _ _~ - - - J anua,y 1933. June 19 40
INDEX
the difl°C'rC'nt leve ls of thr l11·0 180
------------l'BO
sen c
cl u ri ng th e firs t nine 160
160
month of 193;3, thr rapid ri se
in rec ipi ents with t hr d eve lop - 140
140
/UNEMPLOY M ENT••
ment o f t he C iv il ·w orks progra m , and thC' r elat ively l, igli 120
1 120
,,
d gr ce o f con fo rmi ty in gC'ncr:11
,, '
100
movement in t he pe ri od follow - 100 1 '
I
'
ing the cu rtai lment of this proeo
BO
grnrn in 1934- a period in 1d1ich
th e needs of t he un emp loyed 60
60
were met morr :1d equately t b nn
40 L
tlW)' we re in I 0:33.
40
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
Th e cu r ves indi cate t h at
winte r JH':1 ks in un employ ment,
1935 - 39
100
Ba sed on estima tes ol th e N at10 .-.al lnduatditl Cot1lere nce Board ,
:is 11·ell as in need for fu el and
I- ,

.

\-

102

REPORT ON PROGRESS

T .\ BLE 4 3. - l N D E X
OF P E R SOXS B ENE FIT I NG FRO M
EM PLOD I E'.'.T OX F E D ER .IL \\" O R K
1'.'. D CONST H U T I O/\ P ROJEC T S AX D PL"BLJ C H EL I E F '1
Al ONT l-l LY, J .\ '.'.l \R, 1!133-J CNE IU•JO

f I93,i<l\l = I()(!)

rn:1:1

1934

rn:i.;

---Januar y
F rhr uar y _
l\!a rrh .
.\ pr il
ll lay
-J Uill' ---- - Jul y
.\u ~u s t

~rptrmbr; :

92 I
~Ii. 2
Ill\!. '
I 12 fl
IOtl. 'I

99. 3
!J2. 7
90. 9

.~2

n

,3 o
Or!obr r
X cffrmhrr _ !05. i
D ere mber . . 130. 3
A

143. 8
143. 7
1:32. 3
11' I
109. 0
107. 9
111. 0
ll fi. 7
l 16. 0
11 6. 4
11 9. 4
123. fl

126. :'l
125. 2
12-t i
122 ti
120. 5
11 1. I

11 1. 2
11 0. 2

102. 7
10 1 9
99. 9
l07 0

rn:m

193;

t93o

1939

----IIJfi. 5
9i. n
S9. 2

!OS. ;
!OS :3

95. 0
10 1 i

103 \I
97 i
94 ,;

96. 2
96
93. 6
SR 9
4. g

02. 2

75. 5

94. l
95. 9
9i . 8

73. 4

10,i . ·1
108. 0
108. I
11 0. 9
111. 9
111.<1

u~. n
g, I

i i. 3
i 2. 2
i4. b
8 1. 4

19 !0

H:J 9
n,; 1

I IO. '
110 9
11 0. ,

111:1. i

JOfi. y

Ufi. 0
I/] 4

105. 4
IO.i. 9

103. I
99 3

., 1. 9

94.
o9. sI
84. 0
86. ,;

,; 5

I

F T H E W PA PROGRAM

a tendency for ri es in unemployment to anticipate in creases in reli ef n eed by se,·era l weeks
or mo nths. B ecau e of t ltis relationship and
th e ex pan ion of the WPA program in out hern
tat c;:; to aid s ha rec ropp ers who were in extrem e
cli "t ress hecuwe of th e coll apse of cotton price ,
th e ri se in th e tota l number of I er on b n efiting
from reli f and employment program continued
th.roug hout mos t of 193 .
Number of Persons Benefited

.I

90. 2

Ba~ed on t>S timat es show n in Tn h le -11.

from unemp loyrnen t co mp nsa t,ion ben efit s. It
is not until such resou r ceP. are ex hausted durin g
continued period of unemploy ment th at it
becom es neces ary for many perso ns to ap pl y
fo r relief. A a result of t h e e factors there i

D urin g tb e seven and one-h alf year p eriod
beg inn ing "·ith .Jan uary rn:n , lhere h a be en a
gradu,1] dec lin e in th e ,ffe rage numb er of persons p er household r eceivin g F ed er al work progra m earnings and public assis tance. Part of
th e change i attributahle to th e tendency for
two-family relief cases t ' cparat e during th
FEJL\ pe riod; part of it bas rcs ul tt•d from an
in reasc in the relative munb er of sm all bou c-

CHART 17

PERSONS BENEFITING FROM EMPLOYMENT ON
FEDERAL WORK AND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
AND PUBLIC RELIEF, BY PROGRAM
January 1933 - June 1940

MILLIONS
OF PERSONS

MILLIONS
OF PERSONS

30 '
25

30

1 - - - --

- -- --i 25

-

20

15
GENERAL RELIEF

10

10

5

5

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940
WF'A 3606

FEDERAL W ORK PROGR.DfS .\ XD PUBLI C ASS l S'l'A CE

hold in clu led in th e toLa l . Thi s lr nd ency
Im- been particu larly mark ed in t he peri od beo-innin g wi th 1936, when incr ea ingly large number of one- and two-per on fami li have bee n
aided und er th e old-age assi ta nce program .
Wide differen ces exist in t he average number
of persons p er h ouseh old b enefit,ing under t he
vario us programs included in the undupli catecl
totals. C hanges in t he n umb er a ided ar e
therefore more ig nifi ca nt whe n m eas ured in
term of persons than in term of ho u eho ld ..
The progr a m composition of th e unclupl ica tee!
numb ers of per sons b enefi t ing from empl o_vment on F eder al work programs and pub lic
assis ta.n e is h own in C har t 17 . In pre paring
thi s chart , p ersons who b en efited under mo re
than one pr gram during the month wer e included only in that program which occup ies the
lower position in the ch ar t. B ecause of t his
arbi tra ry a ll ocation of duplication , th e c h:1 rt
loe not in li cate precisely th e r elat ive numb ers
benefiting und er th e vari ous program . It does,
howenr, indi cate th e relationship between th e
number of p er on , including de pendents, wh o
have b enefit cl from WPA employ ment and the
total numb er aided by all programs co ,11.bined.
Payments to Recipients

T otal payments m ade to r ec ipi nt f F edera l
work progra m employme nt, and f public relief
totaled 3.263,6 00 ,000 during t h . yea r ending
June 1940, as m ay b e seen from T a ble -!-1:.
E a rnin gs on F e ler al work and con truction
project acco unted fo r $2, l 8,200,000, or 67
p ercent of the total , and ,· 1,075,400 ,000 , or 33
p ercent, repres nted payments for public assistance. WPA .arning accounted fo r nea rl y 41
p ercent of th e total.
Aggr egate payments for each mon th of th e
period w r e ubstan tiall y lower Lh a n t hos<' for
corre ponding m n th
f th e p rece din g fi sc al
year. Paym en t for Jun 1940 amorn1tccl to
$2.56.400, 000 , a de r ea e of 16 p rc ent from t he
figme for Jmrn 1939. M o t of th e decli 1w
o curred in earning of per o ns employed on
WPA project , which dropped from , 14 1,000,000 to , 101.000,000, or 28 pe rcrn t , ::ilth o ugh a
mu h larger r elative d ecr ea e (64 pe rcen t~
occurred in th e PW A program, v,hich ,ms

103

g reat ly curtail ed d urin g llw yrn r. Thr amount
of genera l r li ef exte ntkd ft,11 fro m , :37 , l 00,000
to ·:32 ,-!00 ,000 . Th e. e dccli1 ws were off et to
o me exten t by in cr east'S in ot her programs .
Ea rnings on r g ul a r Ft'<leral constru ction projec t rose from $27,400 ,000 to , ·:36,000 ,000 , and
pa y m ent for t he Lwo YA progra ms expanded
from $5,900 ,000 Lo 7,800 ,000. T otal paym ents fo r t he thr ee s pecial ty pe of public
ass is ta nce in wlii ch Llw Social Security Board
particip ate - old-age ass ista nee, aid to dependen t children , and a id to th e b lind- cont inu ed their gr adu al ex pan s ion , in cr easing from
$-17 , 100,000 to $52,400 ,000 .
Ch ano-e in th e tota l a mo un t paid to r ecipient of th e var io us prog ram s a rc determin ed
primari ly by cha nges in t he total numb ers of
uch rec ipients, whi ch were li. cu sed in th e
precedin g sect io n of thi s talc nwnt. T ota l
payments have a lso been gr ea tly influen c 1 by
t he amoun t pa il to indi v idual r ecipients und er
th e several program s, by chaiio-cs in th e relative
importan ce of th e e program , and to som e
exten t by techni ca l factors.
S in ce 19:33 , aggregate pay m en ts h ave increased relative to th e undupli catecl numb er f
households aided . In th e fisst t hree yea r of th
period. gen eral relief issued on a bud getary
defi c iency basis wa s th e prin c ipal f rm of
ass ist ance. Average general relief b enefit incr eased sub tan tially durin g thi s p eriod when
th e FERA program wa. in op eration and
drfinit e attemp t wer e b ein g m a de to improve
relief standards. Wi t b t he introdu ct ion of
specialized employ men t ancl relief program
after th e encl of fi scal year 193,5 , paym ents m ade
undrr th e gen eral relief progra m declin rcl. Th e
sec mi t:v wages paid on WPA proj ects wer rnor
adequate th an av('rage ge neral r elief benefit .
Th e expansion of th e PvVA and o lh er Fe deral
co ns trn ction work, m o t of whi ch is cl one
through privat contractors at prrva ilin g wag s,
a !so ten d ed to i ncreasc average paym ent for all
program corn bin eel.
~\.g~ regate payments h a ,·e freq uently r egi k rt'< l so mewhat sharpe r month-to-month fluctuation th an h ave th e uncluplicatt' tl numb ers of
n 'c1p 1en ts. A part of thi s ,-n ri ation ari c from
pa:vroll and accounting proc edun's which re ul t
in some lag b et ween employrnenl a.ncl pan·o ll

104

REPORT ON PRO GRE SS OF T H E W P A PJW :RA!\1

un e mployment, :1.nd . for cer tain prog ram . differenc es in Llw nd l'quac_Y o f stat e and loca l fun l

r r po rt ancf the in cl 11 , inn of rno rr payroll m
r e ports fo r som e m onths t han in oLlwrs.
Pa)-rnent s mad e Lo recipi ent ' of llll' va rious
p rograms in ,June 19-10 ,1, rc sh own by s Calcs in
appe nd ix Tab le L"'\:.. T he st:1.LP lig url's refl ect
loc:1 1 dill'e rcnccs in costs o f liYing , inciden ce of
TABLE

A~t

,1,1.-

Notes on Coverage and Sources of Data
Th e es timat ed Ull(l upli ·at d total nurnhers of hou seholds a 11 d per so ns, di 8C ussed in the preceding pages and

ONT OF EARNING ,-; OF P E HSO.'<s 1£ ~IPL O YED OX FED E H ..\L \Y o Hh AN D
P AY ~a: wr,-; ~-on P □ BL J R t:L 1~: F, BY Pn OG R A M A

CO-"STROC'l' I ON PR O J ECTS AND

?\lONT II L\· , J.A SU AR\ HJ;iJ JL NE 1940

[I n thou sa nd s of dollars ]

Grand
Total

'fea r and l\lontb

I

tralio n

- - - - - - - -- - - - -- -!- - - - ____

S tuden t
'o\-~rak111

~~

I

Out of

~ch~o l\\ ork

Jul )
.\u g-u~t

·epternber _
October
o,-ember
December

140. 736

YO, 917
YS. 629
JU2, ·10 1

I. 474
6. 3oi
16, 992

9 . 536
~i. 942
95. 56
99, I ·g
l ·H.30i

20. 5i9
19. 996
19, 16V

15. 575
20. 24,5
20.319

____

279, 222

Program

I. "JG

28. 902

-=-___
Ernergc ncy

214. 956

I

R egular
funds

134,

0

10,090
II, 670
12,690
14, 810
15, 7i0
I 3, 990
12, 260

26
134
3i
15i
501
1.121

1. ;,60
5. hlO
IO. 290
10. ih2

12,000

8, IO
6, 755
5.0i5

31,932
I ' ,024

l=====l=======!=I=
2. 436, 32b

1934- lota l

Jauu:.i ry ________ ____________ _
February ____________________ _
J\lurcb
April
lll ay
Ju ne
______ ______ __ __________ _
Jul y
______________________ _
Au gus t
September ___________________ _

311 , 22

260. 957

250. 995
22\1. 511
154, 128
166. 38 1
167, 5i3

______________________ _

1935-- total _ --- -------- - ------ ---- --- -Jan uur y __________ ___ ___ ___ ________ - -

---------------------·---•------------- - --------_____
_
_________________

-------- ------ --------_____ __________________ _
___________ ____________ _
_____ -- ---------------· _
September
October ______________________
November __________ _______ --December ______________ __________ _

205, 73
206. 176
197. 029
216. 464
229. 981
259, 6H

2
5,3 12
16. 592
32,617
65. 015
llo.4:,0

tota l ---- - - --- · - --- --- ·-·-·- -- ----,_3_._2,_-b_.-_7,_6_ 1. 592. 039
1
January ______________ ____ _______ --134. 237
262. 143
l'ebruar y _ _ _____________________ _
140. 672
266. 55 1
______________ ___________ _
J\l a rc h
147,930
274, 757
_______________ ____________ _
.\1ml
13 , 834
270, 467
130,241
266,559
llla y ____ ---•------ --- ------ ___ _
124,986
919
266.
Ju ne __ --- - ------------------------

1936

265,366
270. 047
272. 099
284, I 12
285. 411
2i4,315

121,621
125,068
128,971
135, 1
137,502
126, 789

"' See notes on pp . lOt to 109 for de~c ripti on of data mduded.

22 1
1.653
2. 095
2.395

14. 393

41,325

1.52"2
I. 654
1. 6i 5

3, 62
3, 113
2,811
3, 25
3,685
3, 51i

58,434

216, i2i

503,060

20, bl U
20. 489
18. 761
I i, b94
20, 560
19. 90i

I, 118
I, 477
I. 082
I, i9Y
2,h42
4,416

9. 9i3
l l , 374
II . 124
14. 821
20. 342
25. 827

218, 799
154, 549
123,630
5,968
102
II

22. I 13
25,019
23,1 14
24. 510
24, 674
23. 106

5. 395
7, 2b2
7. 926
h. 330
Y. 303
7. 464

25. 412
24,931
21. 164
lb, 952
lb, 695
14.112

I. 66i,
I. 591
I. 669
I. 2h3

3. 439
3, 724
3, 5i0
3. i30
3,540
3,310

332. 5 1

97,679

157. 993

-t . 52Y

47,950

25, o· 6
2-1. 305
21. 437
20, 499
23. 675
24, 539

6. 770
5. 842
5. h34
'· 492
8. 535
9,072

11 , 409
IO. 099
II. 01
13. 85&
15. 606
16. h50

I, 098

I. 23i
I, 339
1, 37

2, 0
2,670
2, 7
3. 240
3,500
3, 730

28,088
33, 61,7
33. 777
32,IU6
33, 582
32,120

9.1 22
10, 328
9, ·196
9,361
8. 6-11
7. 136

1, 688
2. 463
5, 425
8,171
JO, 954
12.574

3,890
4, 130
4, 760
5,630
5, 650
5.090

- - - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -

November ______________________ _
D ecember ___________________ ______ _

Jul y
.\u gust
September
October
November
Dece1nher

F ederal
projects

95, i-17

Jun o

Ju ne
J ul y
Augus t.

onF'cctl~ral

hi. 074

M urch
,\ pril
llla y

hruary
[arch
April
l uy
ll

Corps

~t ruction Projects-

------------------- - --------,-----------10,910
Ii, 336

Jun uar y
Feb rua ry

J:1,

vaLJoo

Ch·i l
\ \·orks

_ _ _ __ _ _ ,

program _ _ _ _ projec ts _ _ __ _ _ _ _

I . 358. 159

1933- totnl

0 Lober

dmia !..,trntion

.-\ dmimstrn t1 00

Ctnilan
ll'ork
Projl'cts - - - - - - - - - - Com•,.r·
A dmini~-

Other Federal
ll"ork and Con-

Pubhe 11-or ks

:\'auonal You th

16,352
15. 920
13. 905
13,242
JU. 9 2
8,752 __

I. 62.!
I. 70h

I , 142
I , 060

• •

292. 397 I

H,O, 043 :

249. , 55

124. 284

2. h65
3. 099
3.295
3.5 0
I. 842

196
I. 061
2. 153
2,903
2. ' 66
3,070

29, 792
28, I
24. ss,
22. 5i 5
24.340
23, 5 1 .

6. hl6
5. 931
7. 861
12.920
16.363
19,274

7. 526
7. 223
,. 339
,0 14
8,63 1
9. 125

13. 354
14. 253
16. 050
19. 494
22.612
2.1, 062

4,418
3. i09
4. 01
5,606
6,251
9,632

7
342
2. 516
3. 122
3. 132

2,574
2. 582
2, 729
2. 7bi
2. 933
3. 029

24. 496
23. 62!J
20. 903
23. 133
24. 012

19,966
20. 2 '5
19, 780
I . 370
17. 323
15. 154

7. 300
7. 051
6,496
6. 077
5. 128
4. 278

25, 107
25, 456
24 . 628
23, 240
21. 353
19. 246

14. 16
15,053
15, 097
16, 64
15,329
14. 139

26. 329 _

:lb.

3

4, lhh _ _ _ _

1

2. 5~

22,945

I
I

FEDERAL \\.ORK PRUGRA:'11

pr en l cl in Tables '10, -I I , and -13 nnd nppPncli x Table
X I X , include re li e f and nonre li ef re ri pi (• 11t :-- i1, th(• (•ontine ntal l fnil cl Stales bc-n e fiting under th(• follo11i11g
age nc ies and programs: emerg ncy relief 1ge11Nal 11·ork
and direct re li e f and FERA , pecial progr:1111 ,1 fim111<·l'd
in part fro m FERA fund : ge neral relief. including outdoor poor re li e f, fin a nced from s tat e :-incl local fnncb;
44.-

TABLE

AMO

105

A;\'D P UB LI C ASS l STAXCE

s ub,-,is l e nc e grants mad e l,y the Fa rm Sc-curity Adminbtrat ion: the three :-,pecial t} pc:, of pulilic a,:--istanee
(o ld-age assi,-tanc·e, aid to tl!C' blind , and aid to dependnt chi ld ren ) whieh, from F ebruary I 9;31; , have liec11
financed in parl from Federal funds under the t,oeial
'ecu rit y Act; th e l'i,il \\.ork,- program : the \York
P rojects Adminis tration; ih e Civilian Conse n ·ation

'J' OF E AHN 11'GS OF P EH,.,0'.\S EMPLOYED ON F E D ERA L W O RK A:-ID CoxsT HU ' TlO
P AYAI EXT:, FOR PL" BL t <: H EL IE F, BY PnoGnA~I ' - Continued

Pn o J EC'J'S AND

Co!'JTINENTAL UXITED STATES

'.\foNTULY, J.<NL".<RY 1933-JJJNE 1910

[J n I housa nd s of dollars]
Spcciul T:tp l'S of Public A.=-

Ft'deral Emergency Rel11 •r Ad1111n1~ tra -

s1s ta ncc

----Old-_a ge

I

tioo Sp~cia l J>rogrnrns

-·------·
d.e\ 1,dntdo-

I Aid

- - - - -- - - - -- - - - -\

to _ _ _ _
Ht'il_ei ______

ass 1i:•

CDL

1be

ta nee

cbilclrl1n

Ulrnd

I

~:,y~.~ E11~~ff1:\!lt)

Total

Erner-

~?1~r

,~-l~an~-

;3~~{
Iion

Col legl'

Hural

~t uU,~nL

rel1 ·1h>l1-

aid

ll:\l!Ull

F arm
Security
~\d mm1strallon
Granh

Year anc! i\l oath

- - - - - --·- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -26, Ui l

4U, 5()<!

5. b:l9

75b, 752

2,322
2,3 13
2,249
2, 20i
2, Ii,
2, 159

3, 6i0
3,431
3, 4 i
3, 406
3, 406
3,322

493
474
479
496
'47~
4h0

59,615
6-1. 43
i7, 44 2
70,309
68, 037
63,359

I. 142

2, 131
2, 107
2, 09
2,073
2,098
2, 139

3,252
3,281
3,293
3,293
3,297
3,366

500
4i
4i9
501
4 3
49;

57, 719
59,372
56,598
62,531
6i . 971
51 ,361

1,318
I. 521
I, 604
I, 004
I, S99
1. 6i4

- - - -, - -- - - - -

-- --= 32, 244 - -40,686
7. 073
---- ---- ---

443
l , UW
I, 031
I. 011
1, 09
1.1:lb

2, 342
2,331
2,373
2,37 1
2,426
2,474

:J, 3S9
:J, 36 1
3. 41 3
3,353
3,385
3,353

543
516
5 14
543
530
591

4 , 353

50,219
6 1,025
91,940
99,830
95, 435

I, 812
I. 829
I , 921
2,026
2, 132
1. 891

2,553
2,672
2,750
2, 919
3, 114
3. 919

3,381
3,40 1
3, 35;
3,409
3, 41 3
3, 471

637
61
628
662
639
652

99, 4 li
111, 519
105, 411
11 5, 7
128,376
135,851

1,848
2,003
1, 99
2, 14b
2,093
2,262

I, 3 0, 9.59

30,726

-, 5s2: 55(}

-= 64. 966 - -41 ,-727- -7,970
---- ---- ---

I

4,406
4,626
4, 738
4,920
5, 109
5,306

3, 41 i
3, 39;
3, 422
3, 472
3, 463
3, 41 7

655
639
638
659
641
658

150,879
13 , 12
139. 917
135,852
133,098
I 19, 44 2

5,54 1
5, tl56
5, 17
6,002
6,306
6,539

3, 468
3, 488
3, 472
3,526
3. 559
3, 626

68 1

121. 28i
112, 62
95,479
97,689
78,605
57, 721

660
669
693
683
694

I =---- = I
155,24 1

49, 462

12,813

43i, 135

7, OIY
i, 713
. 273
ti, 247
9, :)()2
IO,fi09

3,523
3, i60
3, ;97
3, 9-12
3, \193
4,22 1

4
9i9
I , UI9
1,024
I. 045
I, 070

47. 921
44 . 555
40,070
34, 977
33, I 4

13,0 '
14 ,947
16,288
I ,004
19, 363
20, 7

4, 2M
4, 017
4, 212
4, 379
4 , ,567
4, 797

I, 0 2
I. 102
I , 122
1, 144
I , 163
I , 179

30. 831
29, 679
30. 057
30. ;22
31,934
36,347

- - -- - - - - - - - 1

I- -

46.

2, 44b
2, 46

2,499
2,377
2, 474
•J

4 "'?

2: 610

2,672
2, 73i
2,822

J2l,

Su. 401

3:19
3 14

llO G?-

Yi. 698
93,544

435
tiil

64

I, 160

375

4

=I======

57. IY6

46. 541
4~. 390
59, 104
b9, Yl4

J uly.
Au ~us t.
Septembe r.
October.
N o,·e m ber.
D ece m ber.

3'} ')

titi:u72

5. 9ii
t,, I 12
IJ .

usu

33. 150

12,800

7, 7i5

I. 679
I, 736
2. 266
2.3%
2. 494
2.444

l, lG9
I, 519
I, 675
I , 332
871
403

19

3 4
53 1
491
I. 102
I, 594
I. 729

70b
725
90b
926
I, Ul 5
I, ,1-1 I

7, 3'14

1934

311
837
950
94b
28i

2
Ji()()

1, l b3

5 9 I

126. 21,J
133, 5b9

7, 404
t,, bl 3

2,6 I
3, 03i
:i.
3. 576
3, 722
4,059

I, 350,233

52,221

40. 012

18, 5-1 5

49,302

i , 205
148,43 1
6, 035
135,660
5, 261
137,330
5. 290
133. 302
130, 599 1 l>. 138
5, ti2i
117, 065

4. 304
3, 822
4, 029
3, 848
3, 784
3, 476

2, 2i l
2,178
2. 344
2,284
2, 235
1,548

I. ·104
3,069
7,033
II . 146
IO, 450
8,932

3.
3,
3,
2,
I,
I.

994
309

I , 322
I, 564
I . 024
79-1
688
293

I, bbU

3. 748

125

20. 365

lb2
19b

458
320
268
227

14
II
12

3, 151
2. 014
1. 30i

12

(/4 5

191
178
I 8
I i
190
229

10
6
2
2
I
I

563
895
I, 148
I. 367
I, 4 IG
2, I 74

i:

o·

ti, 23b

I IS, 81 3
110,380
92. ' (jg

5, 7hti
4, 524
2, 64(,

95. 017
75. 6b
.'>4,899

'2. l4i

I

I.092
464

732
775
184

i55

Jul y.
A_Ul!,U St .

St.•p tember.
October.
~O\l'mber.

Dece mber.
2,541

February.
M arch.
April.
lll ay.
June.

I, ' 07

51.32

99
2, 442

• = = = = = = = '= I = = =

------- ------- -------- ---? ;J24
i78
39
-. '
!Y3
534
15
2. ~97
W3
142
114
92

:~~ I
105

193;,--Lo tal.

Jan uary.

4 , ii9

7b
36
G

total.

Jan uary.
Febru a ry.
t-la rcb.
April.
.\l ay.
June.

97,569
109. 5 IG
103, 413
11 3, 640

030
.:J, 59 1

total.

Jan uary.
February.
.\l arch.
A p ril.
,\l ay.
June.

420
335
J35
322

5i. b51
54, Y!J4

-i!J. n i
==
I, 143. 164 23, 963
I, I 19. 201

193:J

326

5b, 566
,;3, 407
76, 431
oU. 211
!Jti,W9
h2. 2li

Jul y.
Augus t.
September.
Octoher.
No\ emlJer.
l)t•ce mber.
1936- totol.

January.
February.
,\l arcb.
.q iril.
\l ay.
Jun e.

Jul y.
.Aug us t.

Septem ber,
October.
ove rnbC'r.
DeC('lllht.. r.

1

106

REPORT OK PROGRES::; OF T HE WPA PRO G R.\ l\l
is t rat io n. rec ipi ents of u nem ploy m en t compensation
a rid old-ag<· rc tirern c nt and survi,·or s' ben efit paym ents
m ad <• through t he in sura nce program of the , ocial
:-i<'l' t1ri1 _,. Board , or similar pay m ents made under the
prog ra m o f t h e Railroad R etirem ent B oard.
!'he m onthly figures on aggregate paym ent made to
t h ese r c ipien t , \l'hi ch are p1·ese nted in Tabl e 44 and
app0 ndi x Tabl e XX . wer e obtain ed by adding the
am ount s rep ort ed or c;stimat d f or the variou s program s. l n o rder to arri,·c al th e t o tal number s of house-

Corps: the :--ra ti on al Y outh Admi11i st ra ti on ; the Publi('
\Y or ks Adrn i ni st r a ti o11 : and all o t her \\' Ork a nd c· o11 ;;l ru C'lio 11 project~ fin a11 ccd i n \\'hole o r in part from F ed eral fu n d ~. The es tim a t es d o 11 o t co , l'I' rC'cipi ent~ of
i nstituti on al ca r e or o f F ederal surplus co mm odities. or
])er ~o n~ em p l oy ed on r egul ar construl'li o11 arti,·iti es of
state· a nd l ocal g o\' ernments t h a t ar c ca rri ed on \l'ith out
F ed eral gra11t s-i11 -aid. The scop e of tlw (' Ompilati o 11
has n o t b ee n ex t ended t i11 clude r ecipi c•nt s of rural
rehab il i tati on l oan s m ad e hy th<' Parm Secur i ty Admin-

T ., n1.1. .J .J . -A~l Ol'NT OF E ., RNl ;\'GS OF P EROS() :-."S EMPLOYED 0 :0- F EDERAL \\' ORK A XI) C oxsTR O(' TIO N PR JECTS AND
P AYM ENTS t' OR P t1BL W R ELI EF, RY Pnt)( :1u~1 -'- Co11 tinucd
Co.sTJNE:o;TAL C:,;1rEn ST \. TES

l\l o~TIIL Y. h

Xl'.\ R'i' rn33- J c x~

rn~o

[ In thousa n ds or do ll arsJ

P u b li c W o rk s A d rui n istrutioa

l'\atwnal Yo u th .l u·
ininhtrn tion
Ora u d
Tota l

Yea r a n d M on t h

total ___

W3i

January
Fehn rn ry
J\ l nr ('h
.\ pr1I
!\l ay

-----------------------------------------------

Jurn·
J ul y
.\u g us t
Hl'j)H'Dl hl'r
Ocfo tw r
Non:> mhl' r
Dl't(•mhrr.

\\' o rk
l 'rojects
_\. dmio1 stra t ion

-----------------

------- ----------

l, 1st;, 21.;

2,869, 3i9

St udent
work
p rogram

I

219,097

I. 996
2, 166

2h3, 216

93, l)(i()
1113, t)~I:?
I I~. li93

273, 9-t!J
~3.fi21

131. II\!
131. ~JHi

Jum·

2\14, :l l\l

I Iii, Oti~

Jul )'
_\ u gu s t
~l'flll'Dl lWr
Octo lwr

2%,\!\!II
307, ~~17
312. ::m3

l .'.i[1. i'l)(J
llj/ ,\:.19\:.1
HiV, ti5\:.I

----

- - --

----- - --

I!~3~1

total
Ja11 uary
Ft·hru ary
\ l ard1.

----·------------- ---------

_\ pnl
~ l ay ____ . __
Junl· _______

Jul)
\u gu ~t

Sl•pt,·mher
Oc-lo htr

".::o,·pmhl'r
lk<.·t·mlwr

I. tlti!i, '22 1

22, 707

3 l t,, '214

lhtl,fi()f)

2. 2tiG
2,451
2. -Hti

'

~, 1·

lh2. 59ti
152, -I .ii
I Ii', tli9
l lO, .1!J7

lhnn ~500.

20, 480
20,339
22. 676
20, 65-1
20, 05i
JG. 94l

ltll ,Hhli
10.~. 5'-19

I OU, 75tl

2, 52

274. 807
256,37 1

JOO. 638

3. I H
3. 266
3. 36 1
3,423
2, 3 H

I

21, 31i0

73,0-11

2-15. 345

19. 940
rn. 46 1
lo. 336
Ji,, 3!1
1, .014
17,174

6.2%
G, 000
.,. i()(j
6, b24
i , 9fi(.j
b,601

I. 317

1,o;o
1,042
J. 078
961
890

i, 9 19
7,241
i, 193
9, 05fi
12, li3
14 , 9'>6

15,451
13, 48
14 , 9il
Ii. 320
19,576
2 1, 167

19, 41,
20. 33 1

b,019
b, 220
b. 326
\l, lliO

2,591
2, 722

23, 63i
2-1, 282
27, 299
24, 527
22,985
20. 282
30i. 2 15

lb, 3i9
20.816

20. 367
211,5 14

ltJ, li64

3. 946

I\J, 252

J l.(;fi t

4 . 27 l

7, 658
1, 53t
I, 573
I. 3 13
I , 099
9\!\!

:1:~"

230. 513

20 1, 122

38. 707

7, 798

I. :J 17

20, IH2
211, 6b9
IS, 103
19. 974
20. 43~
b,637

12, 7' 1
l:J, 1159
12,903
15. \!OS
:i
1
21: l~)O

4. 031
3,283
3. 276
4,095
4,206
4,216

829

19, Stii
20. f.S3
20. 05 1
I~. 126
lti. IH5
13, \!93

3,078
3,025

I. -...111
.l. 11:.?

I\!, 3 17
I\!. 372
li',091
19. 30b
19. 321
Ii', 62 1

I. Jt.t
I. 3 1,
I, 2'-111
3. \!9:J

2. 51il

I. I Li
1 •)•)•l
I, 137

5
306
2,390
2,952
2,962

11 I. ,V4

Yi' . 355

2,;,.-,2
2,t)~'-1
2. 73<..I
2, i't>ti

L 17:!

(B )

l:!2, t I :?

11 I. S\13
\13, 0511

I

13, 44
12,982
12, 0~9
JI , 957
11 , 154
9,877

JU. Ul 2

.i l .

2,494
2. 494
I. 935

I IS. 113~
12 1, 3ti3
11\1,'15\I
I I I, 3 16

270,511
274. llb3
2oll . .i20
279, 533

3. 154
2,924
2, '"' 72
2. 540
2,249
I. 8i5

I

13, 142

2311. 31',

I.
1\13
I, 02'
1, lllll

2,417

15 1. 7t,;j

279, I 12
276, 5 H)
258, 23 1
26,. 55.,
271. 7GO
273, 534

H, 112

~no

3. 70 1
:J. \HJ3
3. 9311

fi
211
I. \!SO
2,408

3. 494, 1,,

30-1, ,12()

2 1. 1139
19. 35ti

lo. 312

3.07S
3, 5-..,5

1,550

notes on pp. 104 to 109 for description of datn in clud ed.

H I ,t•,,;~

2. 255

117, 229
17:.?. Sil:!

3ltl. o,;
31b, !lib
3l~J. 34b
30b, fill

2l.2~

12,512
II. 653
12. 067
14 , 536
15, 4 ll
17, 7

2. 12U

-11.

2. 40li

:32 1, ii50

PIIIJ

Janua ry _____ .
h ·hru a ry _ _
\ l ar{'h __ ___
\pnl
!\ I:1y _______ . ___________________
JUfll' __ ·- - --·----·------- - ----- -

I

lit,, 1rn1

320, 2\Jfi
325, t>bf,

Non•mhn
I >1 ·c•pm ht'r

205,0 13

15, !Si
13, 284
12, 77
II , 333
14 ,977
15,722

13. 3 15
12, 930
11. 96 1
JU. 337
9. 4 13
7. 199

2, 3 th
2. nn
2. ltl5
2. 2G3

2,203

R eg ula r
fun ds

15~. 2 13

rn. 334
IV, 139

237. 2-1-1
2-1 .1. -...rn

fu nds

3,374
2,990
2, 62
3. 116
3. 076
3. 123

2, l!JI

19,598

.Emerge ncy

I

34, 155

3. 3lfi
3. 347
3. 642
1,992

~(i,

Federal
proiects

12, tH
11. 639
I l , 0i4
13. 232

llti,lll2
11 3. h3l
112. lih
JUG, 3f>b

----------(B)

:'\Ou-Federa l projee l s

Hl ,9 18

llli. 0 17

I, i 50, ~31i

Janu ary
Fl' l1ruary
~ l an:h
c\ J>Ci l
) l ay

,.,_J
24. 485
2-1. 1
21. 2

3,487, lh5

1938-to tnl

I

3. IIS7
3, 2 15
3, 22fl
:J, !'I I
;J, JOii
2, tl20

-175

217, 75 1
224,386
229, YGU

ork
, program
11

2,961
3,221

,:i.,

164
I. 599
1. 977
2,056

2Hi, -119

sc hool

32, lltj-1

91, I)\!()
~2. 7/S
.~I. 116
81. :!69
b2, li34

221.~

Uul ·O {·

I
I

( · ousen ·nt1on Co rps

2-t~i'

114,

260,564
25b, 303
259, 30b
25::,,, ~-t-t
253, l lY
24 I, 203

C'n ilrnu

O th e r Fed era l l\' o rk
an d C'ou ~t ru ctio u
P rojec t s

I

lb. 7H7

i06
75i

b26
70i
734
787
783

2,572
2, 279

555
536
554
544
5 15

I. 834

428

I
fil
l09

2,812

.i, "" '
13~

19, -t'.!tl
19. llO,i

10,022
9, -177

1. H 7

I),

,i, :!,ii

Ii, 119

,i, Ul I

5. tlf>. I

18,051
17, 908

1, 155
1.1 38
I, 000

5, ;l!O

I ,i . ..;72

~.09\!
'· 734
b, 903
8,3\M

I. 2,;7

so

392
31),)
42 1

27,0 12
29, 988
32. i06
31, 723
3 1. i83
30,337
2.1 , 766

24, 0i5
25. 244
30. 088
3 1. 038
36,016

FEDE R A L \\' OHK P.H OCR.\ ~1S .-\..'sD P UB LI C A
h lei. a n d p e r so n s, howe , ·c r , i t was 11 CCl'ssar y t o 1nak e
Rc 1·e r a l types o f aclju · tm e n t.

] 07

I T ANCE

A ll o wan ces w e r e m a d e fo r d11pli ca t io11 ht'ta11,-<· ,o n H·

B a Ric r c ip ie n t data r e-

h o u seh o ld s a nd p erso n s

b C'nC' fi t fr o m

p o r t cl fo r th e m aj o r i ty o f progra m s c rres p o nd fa ir ly

program in th

c l se ly t o th e n u m b e r o f h o u seh o ld s ( fa mil ie:s and ,- in g le

l)e twee n p r o gra m s is so m et im e

rn on· than o n e

co urse o f a n y g i,·en m o n t h .

D up l ic-ation

tec hni c a l in 11at u r e, a

p ' r son s), b u t, fo r c e rtai n p r g r am s , re p o r t e d r ec i pi c 11 t

r eR ul t o f tlP fact t h a

data ""e r e c nve r t e cl t o a h o u e h o ld ba i .

The num be r

1· id e d during par t o f a m o nth unde r o n e p rog r a m a n d

person s b e n e fit e d, i n c l udin g d e p e nd e nts o f fa mi l y

durin g the r e m ainde r o f th e sam e m o nt h un de r anot h er

of

as · is t a n ce o r wo r k m ay be pro-

h e ad s, wa. r e p o r te d m o nth ly fo r o n l y a fe w prog ram s;

program ; th is t y p e of dup licati o n has atta in ed i rnpor-

data fo r o the r p r ogram s w e r e C!S ti m at c d fr o 111 info r ma-

ta n t p ropo r t io n s at ce r t a in t imes,

tion a,·a il ab le fr o m s p e c ia l r e p o rt s and s a n1 p lc ,- tud ies .

fa ll o f

T ABL E -!4 .-

as, fo r exa mpl e, i n t h e

1935.

A MO UN '.l' OF E AR N I NC.R OF P ER SONS E M P.LOY E D O N F EDE RA L "W ORK AN D CO NS'l'R ("TJ OK P RO J E< "TS AN D
P AY11E NT R FO R P u BLH ' R E LI E F . BY P nocRAM A _ C o n c l u d e d

:M OXT II LY, J ANLARY 1933- J UNE 1940

II n I housa ncls of do llars]

I S pecial

Types of Publi c Assista nce

I
Far m Seeur it, .l dmimstrnt 1on
<l rao ts

Aid LO d ependent
cbild ren

Aid Lo tbe
blind

310. Hl

71. 253

16, I i i

21, 614
22, 535
23 (i02
2.J , 61
24, ; 53
24, 41 0

4,VH

I . 217

51 107

5, 378
5, -J96
5, 660
5, 740

I. 234
I. 259
I, 268
I, 2i9
I, 31I

5,896
6, 125
6,303
6,555
6,885
i , 167

I, 329
1, 354
1.440
I, 464
I, 492
I, 524

Old-age assistance

F ederal E rn ergenci Hehef
.\dm iois tratioo Special
P rogram s

Ge nera l Relief

2\' onrehe f

R elief

T ransient

Yea r and Month

Emergency
educati on

----

1---25, 799
26, 57i
27, 32

28, 60i
29. 626
30, 695

400, , lh

11,3

3i. 889
39. 260

Yti

- - ---- ----35. , 45
30. li 15

HJ. 156

1.560
I. 59
I. 629

7,987

I , fifi2

41 , 11 3
3i . 33 ;
36. i 4i

32, 26
32,9 15
33, 25!:J
33,625
33,981
3-1, i 40

8, 013
, 300
8,389
, 506
8. 739
8,939

I, 583
I, 599
l. 616
I, 63 1
I, 04
I. 667

35.\199
36,2H
35, 406
34, 934
36. 4i6
40,865

430. fi0

11 4,934

20. 456

48 1, ; 2,1

35, 006
35, 120
35, l 8
35. :J<J(J
35. 198
35, 797

9,226
9,392
9,496
9,210
9, 277
9..\83

I, 666
I. 679
l, 6 5
I. 692
l, 686
I. 700

36, 184
36, 378
36, 511
36, 335
36, 626
3G. 828

9,63 1
9,665
9, 709
9, 836
9,896
10. 013

I, 703
I. i l4
I. 717

3 , 526
38, 96
38, 726
38. 945
39, 059
39,603

JU, 389
10. 51

_I

35, 894

----- -- ----- -

-----------

5, 484
3, i55
5,553
5,260

1937- tola l.
Januar y.

3, {ii i

li'e l) ruary.
M arc h.
A pri l.
M ay .

--------------

3, 236

Ju ne.

----------- ---

VI l
I, 346
I, IV7
I, 396

J u ly .
Au gust.
SoµL em ber.
October.
November.
D ec-ember.

----------------------- ------------- ------------- -

I, 77\J

1, 27G
I

7, 357

IO, 727

----------------

-----

~9, 01 5
W,U5,\
30. 2i4
30. i 29
33, V81
41 . 243

97,442

10, 5 l
10,899
10. 990

128
12b

:!8, :?2(i

31, 186
31, 403
31, 7 2
32, 072
32,319
32, 276

7,5 72

3

:!Oh

40
2i

:.m. i86

392, 384

i, 874
i,8 0
7. 6

4ti4

--------- -----

I , 527

I, 536

I , 726
I , 73 7

J.

2'l, 587

-li'fi, :!03

------- ---------------------46, 40-1
:.?, ~04
-17, 207
-17. -171

---------------------------- ------- -----------------1---- --------------------- ------- - --------- ----------- ----------- ------- - ---- ----

1-----

311,:W I

38, 23 I
:JS. 6-17
38. liV9

I , 117

19. 0.i0

----2,39 1

45,028

3i. o.52

I, 2U l

:?, 2fi2

,------

43. ,0 l

30, 23 7

2,32.5
2, 156
I. i56

I, 23 1
I. ·192
I. ,03

---- ----- ---JG. ,\87
ll . 211

2, -1 13
2,577

2,327

--------------

-- ----------------- -- ------- ------------ ------ - ---- ---------------

~. ·192

------------------------ -------------------

2,242
I, !i87
I, 284
828
I, 211
84li
'71)

l, l,16
I. il0

38, 277

7!1 1

3b. i2 I

11 76-1
l. 770
l , 778
1.7 0

-12, 5U7

I , V\J2

41 , 494
40, 21
37. I,

2,309
2, h05

I, 793
I, 14

:?, 500

3,5, 37!:J

32, 394

---------1

2, 141
l, /ilO

1938- 101al
January.

Febru ary.
111 arc b.
April.
lll ay.
Ju ne .

Jul y.
August.
Bcpt ember.
October
No,·en1 her.
l)eC'em lic r.
l 93\1--IO Ia l
Ja nuary .
Febru ary .
l\ l arch .
April.
l\ l ay
Ju ne.

J ul y .
A ug, u!:l l .
Septem ber.
Octoh r.
November.
Dec·en I her
19-10
Janua ry.
Februa ry .
llfarc-h .
.A pril.
llla) .

June.

108

REPORT

N PROC:HES ' OF THE W P .-1. PROGR.\::11

Cnclupl ic at Pd to ta l~ of ho1 1-Phold,; a nd of per so n,; a re
prp,.,p nt Pd o nl y o n a n atio n- \\·idP h a,si,.,, Tlw all o ,n1nre.
for d11pli<'ati o n in n early al l in:-tance,; \\'crP ba:-ed on
sampl P inform a ti o n which ,,·a s he lie \'e d t o b e adequat e
o nly for making aclju ,; tm c nt s in t ta l:- for the country
a a " ·hole. Such inform at io n is not s uit ed for 11,.,e in
a dj11 ,; ting indi,·id11al tat e figure,; b ec:111se of th e exis te nce of " ·idP ,·ariati o n in the ext e nt of dupli cati o n
a mong tlw cliffc-re nt s tai r,.,. l ' nduplicat ed s tat e to ta ls
ron spqu ent l., · ha,·e no t bPe n rf p,·elo ped . RPcipi e nt data
for indi,·idu a l programs. h o ,,·(•,·pr , a r C' sh o \\'n by s tat es,
for .Tune 1910 in appe ndi x Table X IX .
The unduplicat ed es timates \\'er e pre pared jointly by
the Soci a l Sr·c urit .,· Board and the WPA . Duplicatio n
wit11in th e three s pecial types o f public a ss is tance (oldagc a s,i- ta ne e. aid t o the blind , and aid t o d e p e nde nt
chil<lrc> n) and he t\\'ee n the. e programs and ge n ral
re lic>f for month s s ubscqu c> nt t o .Tun e> 1936 was es tim a tPd by thP Divis ion of Public Ass is tance Re. ear ch ,
Social Spcmit _,· Hoard . . \ II other adju s tment s for duplirat io n " ·er e pre parpd in a crordancP with meth od .
dp,·plo ped h., · tlw Di,·is io n of R e. ea rch and the Divi:-ion
o f Statistics o f th P WPA .
Th e co ,·erage of th e basic stati stics on the numbe r o f
recipi e nt s and amount of pa~· m e nt ,; to r ecipients for Pach
of the F ed eral e mpl oym Pnt and pub lic re li pf program,;.
which are ,;hmYn in t ext Tables 40 . .J.l , and -!4 and in
is r c ,·ie" ·ed in th e
appPndi x Tabl es X TX a nd .
de tailPd notps that foll m,·. All figures r C' late to thC' contin e ntal r nit Pd States or its p olitical s 11hdi,·is io ns and .
unl e." oth en,·isp sp ecifi ed . re fe r to th e ral Pndar month .
Th e source of ba ic tatis tics , unle s othe rwise s pecified, is th e WP A.

·x .

Work Projects Administration

Employee.•: D ata represe nt a,·erages o f weekly count
mad e durin g th e m o nth on all \\' PA proje ct s.
A mounts: Data represent total earni n gs a s s ho\\'n on
payrolls ending \\·ilhin th e month fo r a ll person e mployed on \YP A proj e cts.

. I moimls: Data arc es timat ed on the bas is o f average
monthly e nrollm e nt and a,·erage monthly l en fit of
$70 pe r e nrollee fo r months prior lo Jul y 1939, of $6 7
for the m o nth s .J11ly Octobe r I 39, and of ~66 .25 for
subsequ e nt month ~
S ource: Ci,·ilian 011:;ern1tion Corps.
Public Works Administration

Employee.,: Data repr sent a ,·crag wee kly employm e nt during th e m o nth e 11di11g o n the 15th of th e
pecifiecl cale ndar month o n pro ject - financed in " ·hol e
or in part from P \Y A fund s.
1l 11101rnts: Data rcpre e nt total earnings s hown o n
project payro ll. e nding wi thi 11 th e monthly period
noted aho n ,. fo r p rso ns e mpl oyed on th e proj e ct s
d e crib cl abo,·e.
Sovrcc: Bureau o f Labor Htatis tics , D ivision of Cons tructio11 a11d P 1d1 lic Employm e nt.
Civil Works Program

Emplo!lee.s : Data represent aggr gates of the maximum week ly numbers e mployed on Civil W o rk program proj ect in each s tate during th e month.
. I 1110 1rnt .~: Data repre e nt t o tal monthly earnings of
persons emplo.n ·d on Ci,·i\ W ork · program projects
estim a ted from \\'eckly pa~·ru \l report .
Other Federal Work and Construction Projects

Em µloy ees: Data re p rese nt a,·e rage wee kly employm e nt riming the month e nding on the 15th of the
pecified calenda r month on a ll wo rk and con !ruction
project s financ ed in \\'hol e or in par t from Fede ral funds
othe r than th ose of C \Y ..\ , \YPA , P \ L \ , NYA, and
CCC. The~e include projl' t s financed from RF C
fund ; from fund s appro p r iated or a ll ocate d to age ncies
other than those s pecifie d, u nder the E RA Acts of
1935 , 1936. 1937 , I 93 , and 1939; and from regular
F ederal appropriatio ns , including Federal-aid high,rn~·
grants.

National Youth Administration

F,111plo11ee.•: Data re prC'sent the numbe r o f di ffe rent
s tud e nt s c-mpl o~·ed un ler the stud e nt " ·ork program
and th e n umbe r of diffe re nt p ersons ernplo~·ed on the
o ut-o f-sch oo l \\·o rk program during th e m o nth .
Amounts: D ata represent total earnings s h own 0 11
payroll e nding within the month for p e rso n empl oy ed unde r th e r yA pr grams as . p ec ifi ed abo\'e.
S ource: Nati o na l Y o uth Admini stration for month
ubse qu cn t t o .June 1939.
Civ ilian Conservation Corps

En rollees· Data rep re-sen t a,·e rages computed from
re p ort s on n urnhC'l's of p<'rsrn i- e nro ll ed o n t he 10th,
20th, an d la s t da~· o f each m o nth e xcept fo r the In<lian
Di \' is io n for \\'hi c h a\' rages are computed from <lai ly
reports.

. l mo11nl s: Data repr sent total earnings ho\\·n on
proj(•ct payrolls e n<lin g wi thin t he afo rc m nt io ned
m o nth ly pe ri od, of per o ns empl oyed on the Fed eral
age ncy proj ect d -crib cl abo,·e.
Sourc : Bureau o f Labor Stat is tics , D i\' ision of Contructi o n and P ublic Empl o~·rn e nt, \\'ith the exc ption
of data fo r reg ul ar Pt>deral cons truction project for
m onth s prior t o January 1936; th e latte r are partly
es timat ed .
Special Types of Public Assistance

Recipient.•: Data include r cipients ass isted from
F ederal , s tate . and local fund s for prog rams admini st e red und e r stat e plans appro ,·ed by the Social ecurity
Board; and from s tate and local fund s for pro11:rams admini s tered und er s tate la\Ys without Federal pa rti cipati o n . B eginning \\'ith J anuary 19-10, data also includ e

FEDER.\ L W ORK PI-W(:H .L\l ' .\ )."D P U BLIC .\SS LS'I'
r ci1 il' ntR or hospitali zat io n and / or bmial o nl y . Data
on the numl er or r ecipi ents or old -age a~siHtancc and
aid t o the blind rclat to the number or g rants mad
un kr the program; in m ost st ates eparatc grants ar e
made t o eac h eligible indh·idual, but in . o m e stal l's a
~in gle grant m :t~· cover the nee d s or two r m o re elig ible
F or the a id to dc p ndent children proindividuals.
gram , lata rcpr se nt th nu rn bc r or familie s r ce iving
:,id . Durin g Jun e 1940 programs for aid t o dl' pl' 1Hll' nt
childr n werl' operating under stal e lawH without Pedl'ral p:irticipati on in Conuect icut, Ill in ois, I owa, K c ntuck _v, Mi ss issippi, N e,·acl a, , o uth Oak ta, an d T l'xa. ;
programs for aid t o th e blind were o per:tti11 g under
similar conditions in Illin ois, Mi so uri, N l' ,·ada, an 1
Pen nsylvania . K entul'ky has a stat e law for a id t o the
b lind but data on th statu of t he p r ogram arc not
avai labl e.
. Jmmmls: Data r eprese nt paym nt to r ecipients
fr m F ederal , state, and local fund s for prograrn s admini stered under state plan s approved by th Social
cc urity Board and from stat e and loca l fund s for
I r ograms admini. t er cl under st a t <' laws with out
F ederal parti cipatio n. B eginning .January 19~0 data
inc lud e cost or hospitali za tion an d buri als.
Source: Divi sion or Pu bli c .\ sistan ce R search ,
• ocial ecurity B oa rd , with th e exce pti on of figures
prior t o J 936 , which \\·e re jointlv es timatC'd by the
Divi sion or Pu b lic A ss istan ce R esea r ch, Soria! S curity
Board , and the Divi sion of R esear ch, WPA.
General Relief

Reci pients: Data. on the n um ber o f l' mPrgenc _,· re lier
cases r pre cnt th e number o f differl' ni famiiil'H and
single p r ns recei ving " ·ork and direct rl'iief durinp:
the month under the general r eli er program or stat
an d local em ergency relief adm i ni tration s. From M ay
1933 to D e ember 1935 a maj or po rtion or the ost o r
thi - program wa financed " ·ith F ed er a l fund s grant cl
to the. tatcs by th e F ederal Em ergency R lief Admini st ration . Th e e t im ated number of outdoor poor reli ef
cases aided by l oca l authoriti e during eac h month und r
,. for th e
provi sion s or th e poor l aws i s shown sr parat I_
v pl' f
pe ri od from 1933 th r ough 1935; aJter I !l3.5 th is t _
r eLi e[ is included in th general r elief figu r s. Data on
nonreli r employees r eprese nt aggr egates or th e maximum w ek l _,. numbers empl oy ed on emergcnc_v w rk
r eli ef program proj ec t s in each state d11ring th e month .
B eginning .January 19-10 , data in cl11de case. r ecC' ivin g
on l y h o. pitalization and / or bu ri al. All general r elil'f
, . throu gh
recipi nt t o tal s ar c partly es timated for .Tanuar_
June 1933 and for .January l93fl to date.
Amounts: D a ta r epre ent obliga ti ns incurred during
th e month for r elief extended t o cases and earnings f
nonreli e[ perso ns a d esc ribed ab ,·c, and !)('ginnin g
Jan uary 19~0 also include the cost or hospitalization
an d burial s.
ource: D ivision of Publi c A ss ist anrp R Psl'arrh .
subseq uent to
oe ial , 'ecurity Board, for m on th
!\l a r ch 1937.

:S.-CE

109

Transient Relief (FERA )

RPcipient., : Dat a n•pr<•sen( the es timated number or
[amilips and ,-,i11gll' p,, r,-,on,-, rccci,·ing tran sient relief
, . relief
luring the 111 011th [ro111 sl a t( • and l ocal Pmer,~enc _
administ r at io ns. lk1d1111ing with September 1933, a
m aj or part of the cost o[ thi s program was financed
, the FERA .
with F C'dc ral fund s granted to the st atPs b _
A1,1011nls: Dat a reprpsc 11t obligat ions inr11rrcd during
th e m onth fro111 Ft•dpral. st:-ttl', :, nd local [11nd s for
tran sient r c li('[ l', l t' 11Ckd to casPH I)~· ~ta((' and local
em ergen cy r eli er admi n iHlration s. D ata f or thl' fir t six
m o nths o f 1!l33 a11rl for m onths subseq u ent to Jun e 1935
are partly estimated.
Emergency Education (FERA )

Emplo yees: D a ta r eprese nt th e number o f different perno ns em p loyed on tlw emerp:enc_v edu cati on program durin g th e m on th .
. I mounts: Data rPprPse nt th e obligati ons incurred
during the m o nth for carningH of persons employed on
the program.
College Student A id (FERA)

Employees: D a ta r eprese nt th e number o f differ ent
students c mpl o_,·N l 011 the co ll ege stud ent aid program
durin g th e m onth .
A mo,mls: Data represent obligati 0 11 P incurred during thP month for earnin gs or stud ents e111 p loyed on tli e
program.
Rural Rehabilitation (FERA)

Recipients: Data r epre ent the number o f cases r eceiving adv:111 ·cs for subsi stence or cap ital good during the m o nth . Data arc partl y es timated for month
b eginning with .Jul~- 193.5, wh en thi s program \Ya tran sferred t o th e R e;:c ttl c m ent Admini stration .
.--lmounls: D a t a r epr sen t the amount or obligati on
incurred during the m onth for advances l o cases specified above. Data for m o nthH h ginning with .J uly 1935
are partl y es tim:-it ed .
Farm Security Admini stration Grants

Recipients: Data r eprese nt th e n et number or gran t
vouchers ce rtifi ed h_,. th e Parm Securit)' Admini stra ti on
(former!\' the R eHdt l Pm ent Admini strati on). Ordinarily on]~- one grant voucher is ce rtifi prl per m on th [or
a gi,·en case. Beginning in April 193is, th e number or
cases r ecei\'ing grants in the form or commodities purcha ed by (h p Farm Security Admini strati on i:,; included.
A mounts: Dat a r epresen t the net am ount or grant
vo u che r s cc rtifi c- d d11ri11 g the m o nth f o r subsistence paym ents to cases as desc ribed above. AI Ho i1wlud c-d arc
c mm od ity grants mad r hy th e Farm 8 cc 11rity Admini stration during (h r m on th .
Sn11 rce: Fnrm ~ecurit_,· Admini stration .

APPENDIX

TABLES

LIST OF TABLES
Page

l.

II.
Ill.

n ·.
V
VI.
VJ I.

VIl I.

IX .
X.

XI.

X I1 .

XITT .

XI\ ' .
X \·.
X \ . I.
X\'l I.
X \ ' ll T.

X TX .
XX.

Exp l~i1Hd nr.1· ::sJ,,ks__ _
X1 1111 beruf P e rso 11 ~ l~1npl o.ved on \\'P A Proj ect:;. WePk ly, Augu s t 1935- Jun e 19.J0 __
A1·e rage :\'u 1n bc r o f P erso11s I•: 11, p loyecl o n \\'P A Projec t s . by State, Se miannuall y,
De e rnbe r 193,5- .Jun e 1939 _
_ _ _ _ _
A,·e ragl' :\'11mb •r o f Pn,u11s l~mpl o_ved on WP A Projects , I y ,' (ate, Quarterly,
~l' pte ,n her 1939 .June 19.J0
:-/11 111 bl• r uf P e rso ns Emp loyed 0 11 Projec t s Operated by \VPA , b~· Maj o r Type of
P rojec t and b.1 !-Hate, .Jun<' 2fi, 19.J0 _
__________
P e rcentage Di s trih11tio11 of P C' rso ns J,; rnpl o.vC'd n Projec t s Operated b_v \.YPA, I y
i\faj o r Type o f Proj C'ct and by Staie, .J II n(• 26, 1940__ _ _ _
A ve ragl' X u m bc·r of P crnons Emplo.vcd o n WPA Projects Operated b.v Other
FC'deral Age ncies , by 8tatl' ::incl by Age nc.v, Jun <' 19<J.0
_ _______
T ota l ll o11rs a 11d T ota l l•: arnill!]:s o f P erno ns E n,pl oy<'d on P rojC'cts Ope rated by
\VPA , b.v State a nd h.1· J<'i scal Year , thro ug h .l11 ne 30 , 19-10
Amn111 J( of \\'P A ~' uncl s All oca t ed, Obl igatC'cl, and Expende I, b y OpC' rating Agency,
thrrn1gh .Ju ne 30. l 9-W
_____ __
A1no1111t of \VPA Funds Expend<'rl fo r Acti,·it iC's rond uct C'd by \YPA a nd Other
F'ed pra l Age11ci es, b.1· State a nd hy Fis cal Y ea r . throu gh .l11 ne 30, 19.J0
An1011n( o f \VPA an d Sponso rs' Fund s l~x pended on P ro ject s Operate-cl by \\IPA ,
h.1· T .1·p of Proj ec t. h.'" 8ourcc- o f Funds , and by Obj ect o f Expc-nditure, Cumu la t ive through .J11 11 e 30 , 19-l0
Am ou nt o f WP A a11d Spo nso rs' Fund s Expended on Proj C'c t s OpC'rated h.v WP A,
b.1· T .1· pc- of Proj,·c t , by Source of Funds, a nd b.1· Ob jec t o f Expc-nd iture , Yea r
E11 cli 11g .lun e 30 , 19-W__ __ __
<\m o unt o f WPA and 8pon sorn' Funds Expe nd e d on Projects Operate-cl b.v WPA ,
h., · State, h., · So11rcc- o f Fund s. and b~, Object o f Expc-ndi(.ure, Cumu lnti ve throu gh
Ju11 e30, 19!0 ____
Am o unt of \\'P A and, pon so rs ' Fund s Exp ndC'd on P rojects Operated hy WPA .
b.1·, ' tatr, I y 1-lo urc e of Funds. and b.1 Object of Ex1wnditure. Y ea r Ending Jun e
30, 19.J 0 _
__ _ _ _ __ _ __ _
_ _ _ _ __ _ _
An, o unt of WPA and Spon sor s' Funds Expenclc-d on Proj ects Operate d b.v \VPA ,
b.,· State- and bv M ajor T y pe o f Proj c- C'!, Cunrn lati,·c- thro ug h .Jun e 30. 1940 __
Am o unt o f \VPA and Spon so rs' Fund s r-:xpcnd ed on Proj ects Operate d b~· \\' PA ,
b.1· State a nd by M ajo r T _v pe o f P roje<'l, Y ear End in g Jun 30. 19·10 _ __ _
Ph.v s ica l Acco mpli ~hrn e nts an d Pub lic P a rt icipat ion on P rojects Operated by
\VP A, C'umu l::iti ,·e throu gh D eee mb r 3 1. 1939 ___
_ __ _ _____ _______ ___
Se lectf' rl Acti v ities 011 P rofe ss io n,,! and 8crv icC' P rojects Op rate d by WPA , b~•
8tatr, Sc- lc-ctC'd P eriod s ____
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ ______ ___
1-le lectc-d l ie-ms o f P h _,·s ical Acco mpli s hm e nt on Con s tructi on Projc-rts Operated
by \\' PA , hy, tate, C'u mul a ti,·e th rough DC'cember 3 1. 1939 _ _
-:\'urnhc-r nf P c- rso ns Emp lo~·{'cl on F e d eral W o rk and Con s truction Proje ct and
R ecip ie nt s o f P 11b li c R e li d , b., · 8tate and by Pro~ram, .Jun e 19·10 ____ _ _ __ __
Am ou nt nf Ea rnin!l,S o f P e rsons Emp lo_vC'd on F ede ra l \Yo r k an d Constrn ct ion
P ro jc-c t s :,nd P aym e nts fo r Pu b li c R e lief, b~- State and by P rog ram , .Jun{' 1940 _

I 14
I l.5
116

117
US
1 19
120
12 1
122
123

124

12,5

126

127
128
130
132
13 5
136
138
139

EXPLANATORY NOTES
WPA tati tic presented in thi s report
relate to acti,-ities conducted tmder the program from its initiation in t he ummer of 1935
through June 30 , 1940. The fi gures cover
activities on all WPA proj ects finnn eed in whol e
or in part wi t h WPA fund s. M o t of th ese project have been operated by the ·w PA itself, but
in t he period beginning wi th July 1938 a few
have been operated by other Feclern I agencie
with fund appropriated to the 'IYP A nnd
allocated to t hese agencie . Unles othern·ise
pec ined , all statistic prese nted in thi s report
cover the continental l'niled States and the
territori e of Alaska, H awaii , Puerto Ri co, and
the Virgin I slands.
Employment Statistics

WPA employment data shown in the first
three tables of the appendix relate to person
employee! on all WPA proj ect . T ables IY . V,
and VII relate to employment on proj ec ts
operated by th e WPA itself, and Table YI
r elates only to employment on WPA projects
operated by other F ed eral agencie . ~ one of
th e figmes shown in these tabl es include administrative employees or worker paid b~- project
spon sors.
Monthly WPA employment figure - have
usually been u eel in both the appendi." and the
text table except for cer tain it.ems that \\·er e
reported only for selec ted weeks. The monthly
tati tic are averages of the numb er employed
on W cdne day of each week . Th e basic weekly
figures are summari zed for the United tate
in T able I of the appendL-s::.
Financial Statistics

Tabl e VIII and IX are based on report of
the D epar tment of the Treasury and relate to
F ederal fund all ca tecl or appropriated to the
WPA und er t he ERA Acts of 1935 . 1936. 193 7,
19 3 , and 1939.
om e of the terms used in
t hese table are defined in the following
paragrap h .
1. "Allocati on " represent amounts directly
appropriated to the agency or ord eret l tran £erred to it, warran ts for wh.ich have been
issued by the Treasury.
114

2. " Obligation " represent n,ctual or contingent liabili t ies incurred again t funds allocated.
Th figure :ne curn.ulatin and repre ent paid,
as well as unpaid , obligat,ion . R equi ition for
material s, supp lie , and equipment ar e et up
n, obli gations. Items . uch a p ayrolls, rents ,
travel exp enses , which are certain to become
due in a shor t period , are obli gated one period
in ach-ance.
3. " Expenditure " represent check i sued
in paymen t of payroll and other certined
voucher .
Neither obli gations nor expenditures necessarily provide a "·holly accurate measur e of
operati ons at any giYen time sinco obligations in
par t refl ect future operations, and expenditure
lag behind curren t operations because of the
time cons umed in m aking actual payment .
Tables X to XV. d ea ling wi th expenditures
of WPA and sp n ors· funds on projec t operated by \VP.A , are ba eel on data compiled from
11-PA proj ect register maint ained by the WPA
cli,· isions of financ e in the several s tate . Totals
of 'IYPA expend itures shO\rn in these tables are
in agreem ent with figures reported by th
Trea ury D epartm ent.
Project Accomplishment Statistics

Tables XVI. XYII . and XVIII relate to the
numb er of phy ical units of work that were
completed on proj ec t 1wrations from the beginning of \YPA activities th rough D ecember
1939 ( through June 19-1 n i tern of ai_rport and
airway work) . Th e fig ure shown for certain
typ es of professional and servi ce proj ec ts, however , refer to the extent of public participation
during specified p ri od in D ecember 1939 and
J anuary 1940 . The tate data presented in
T a blc XVII and XYill arc limited to selected
items of accomplishment.
Federal Work Programs
and Public Assistance Stat ist ics

Two state tables- XIX and X...."\.- supplem ent statist ics presented i11 th e text on the
sewral "·ork and public-a istanc e program s. A
detailed explnna tion of the techni cal coverage
of these fig ures is gin n on page 104 to 109.

115

A PPE t\'DI X
T ABLE T. -

ox WP A

Nu ~IB ER OF P Enso:-.s E ~I PLOYED

P nOJECTS

\\'EE KLY, . \ l GCST 1935-JLSE 19 10

Year E11dmir
June 30, I 936

Yea r Endin ~
June :JO, 1937

Year E ndin~
June 30, rn:is

Yea r End rng June 30, 1939

Year E ndinR June 30, 1940

- - - - - ---------------1---------,M o nth
Projects
Projects
Date o perated Date operated
by WP ..\
b y WPA

Projects

Date o pe r a ted
by WPA

Da te

Tota l

Projec ts
o perated
by W P .\

"vV PA
projects
o perated Date
by o t h or
Jtcderal

Total

agencies
1935

AugusL ................. .
..\ugust.............. 14

Average ___ ____ ---

187,968
219, 781
252, 739

~'99, 543
344, 11
397,593
456, lll3

4
II
I
25

Ol'tober
ctober
Oc tober .
October
October

2
9
16
23
30

506, 190
594, 427
661, (196
777, 294
986, ,
705, 169

6
13

l, 264, b55

20
27

J. 623,696
1,925, 325
2, 44.1, 954

No\·em ber_ __________ ----- --Average • .•. •••..•••
December ..
4
December ...
••
II
December ._ -···-·
18
December .... ·--··
25
December_ ____
_____

.\\"'erage _______

January.·-···-····•·
1
January_............
8
January· - -····· ·- ·· ·
15
January.·-·····••···
22
Janua r y .···········- 29
Average ••.••.• ··-··

Ave rage ______ _

rarch
l\larch
i\Iarch
l\I a r ch
l\Iarch
Average
April
April
April
April
A pril
Aver age
l\Iay

i\Iay
]\fay

]\[ay
l\Iay

5
12

19

26
4
11

18
25

6
13
20
27

3

JO
17
24

2,279,612
2,322,594
2, 350, 750
2, 376, 565

2, 40,5, 098
2, 426, 237
2, 446, 721
2, 481,516
2,508, HI
2, 453, 60.1

2, 525,411
2, 545,625
., 5 05·>
5bl: 20b

.,21 2:

2, 5 7. 30 1
2, 58/i, I07
2,549,077
2, 482, ml l

2
9
16
23
30
2,66i~ _ _

2,389, 202
2,288,565
2. 214,917
2, 192, •109
2.1 52,212
2,247.461

IY36

1937

2, 563. 99/i
2. 660, I Hi
2,701, 577
2, iltl. 11711

2, i82. 252
2, 8411, 21 4
2, b90, 016
2,925,605
2, 960, 577
2, 879, 7;33

2, 988, 373

6
13
20
27

2,132, 6%
2, 121, 307
2,129,250
2, !38, 059

3

2, 131. 078
2, 144, 526

r,49
,\ 17
.~52
098

10
li
24

3, 025, 428
2,991.121
2,953,074
2, bi!. 637

3
Ill
li

24
31

2, 678, 021
2, 61i, 453

14
21

2, fi70, 31.5
2, W4, b92
2, 626, 367

28

2, 454, 2 15
2, 11 8, ·158
2,374,46 1
2, :J39. i lO

5
12

2,396.7 18
2,3 19,913
2, 293, G2!i
2,273,052
2, 2.i'lfi, S98

Axera ge for th ree \\C~ek s.

7

14
21
'.!!,

2, !GO. 2'J9
2, 14i, Ii "
2, 145, 562
2, 149, 39 1
2, 148, 193
2, 139, 47b
2, 133, 953
2, 114,bOO
2, 1111, \14\1
2. J:..)(J, .fj .~

w,.

2,
359
2, 0,5, 329
2, 11711, 151
2,059, OH

19
26

I, 53S, 21i

3

II

I, 524, 167
I. .50 1, 356
I, 479, 836

10
17
24
31

18
25

l. .5 111, 894

\)

16
23
30

I, %0, 236
I. 945, 796
l,bGfi.617
I. ,21. 151
I. 776,239
I, Sib, 00S

7

I
b

I, 4G6, 3(\1

I. 158,830

14

15

I, 155, I 70

21

22

I. 151. 112
I , 4 18,4 11
I , 455, 9ii

2

I. 450, 667
I, 457, ll~XJ
I, 466,925
I, 475, bOO

29
6

13
20
2i

(0

17
24

I,
I,
I,
I,

4 7, (X)i
498, 628

509,505
519,740

I

22
29

2, 3, 129
2,898, 597
2,937,926
2,966, 32

2,999,022

2,9 14, 121

84, \JOI

3. 0 76, 588

2. 992,876
3. 016, ii5
3, 038, 875
3. 066, 895
3, 085, 762
3, 0·10, 236

o3. ; 12
84, !i69
85, 113
86. 218
5, 122
' 5, 007

3, 108, 92 1
3,121. O'JI

88,538

3, 127, 757

3, 101, 344
3,123.988
3, 153, 113
3. 171. 184
3, 125. 243

84, 360
4, 570
b4, 177

\6, 195

5
12
19
26

2,388,080
2,289, 702

2, 282, 0 6

2,236,919

45, 167

2

2,082,366

1i

~J~U~~

I, 970, 688

2,025,
I, 994,
I, 9 16,
I. 834,
I , 778,
I, 909,

246
736
525
747
175
6

57, 120
58, 16
60, 71
63, 149
64,055
60,802

I, 662,447
1, 695, 794
1,735, 580
1, 790, 163

I, 603, 275
1,633,095
I, 667,836
I. 719,872

59, 172
62,699
67, 744
70,291

1. 720,996

I. 6fi6, 019

64,977

1,834, 192
I, b75, 190
I, b9 , 671
1,901, 702

I. 764,361
I, b02, 225

l , 825,937

69,831
72,965
74,942
75, 765

23

30

3, l3i1, 505

90,827
9 1, 577

3. 213,609

3, 123, 568

90,041

5
12
19
26

3, 233, 932
3,266,075
3, 300, 3'.!l>
3. 346, l07

3. 141. 433
3, 175,259
3, 20b, 95 1
3, 253, 623

9, 499
90, 16
91,377
92, 4 4

3,'.!l,6,6 11

3, 195,567

9 1,044

:t

3,363,841

9
16
23
30

3. 358. 525
3. 345, 032
3,318,983
3. 286. 592
3. 334, 594

3,27 1, 3%
3, 266, 550
3. 252, 555
3, 225, 625
:J . 193,658
3,241,957

92, ·143
9 1, 975
92, 477
93, 358
92,934
92, 637

8
15
22
29

7

3, 24IJ, 677
3, 185,821
3. 123. 968
3. 09:J, 855

3, 14b, 4:37
3,093, 927
3. 03 2, 759
3. tl02, 241

92, 240
9 1, h94
9 1,209
9 1,614

I , 503,720

,.8,

2,937, 4b9
2,9 3,167
3, 02'2, 103
3. 053, 327

3, 197, 459
3. 2 (0, 3 12
3, 218, 5 4
3,228,082

I, 462, 605

3

I, 537, 558
I, 557, fib9
I, ,5b8, 2 11

21

1,fi:..>g,271

'28

1·1

'9,221

I. 670,620
I, 5!J6. 67h

6
13
20
27

4
II

18
2.S

2,250,368
2, 200, 195

I, 97,896
I, 42, 230

5
12

19
26

I, i i I, 932

I, 767, 70 1
I, 832. 14 8
I, 900, 625

2

2

9
16

23
30

6
13

I, 945,3 17
1,9 5, 406
2, 0119, 145

2, 075, -t92

2. oo:i. s 10
'2. I f3f,, 705
2, 213, bi1S
2. 35(i,
2, 391,
2, I 1.5,
2,32 1,

:,.,77
b43
4 15

I, ii, 439

I, 804,063

73,376

I , 824, 113
I, 85 1, 244
I, 883,825
I, 909,236
1, 945, 352
1,882,754

77,034
77, 975
76,98 1

13
20

2,075,387
2, 122,821
2, 143, 670

27

2, 151. h-17

I, 996,894
2, OH , 516
2, ()f,6, Ii i
'2, 075, 977

6

20
27
4

2, 510, 464
:.?, {}Of,, i l9

II
18
25

2, fi2,5, N I
~. ll!i0, 2!l
2, liiS, 2'2:J

2,979,997
2,939,574
2. 910,907
2, 895, 125

h9, 935
90, 19 (
90, 155
UO, 49!i

2,93 1, ·10 1

90, 194

l
8
J.5
22

3,021, 595
2, 966, 202
2,965,986
3. 0 10, 659
3, 043, 36~
2, 996, 554

2,876, (;.19

9,553
90, 262
88,630
88, 345
b9, 1%

J.5
22
29
5

l:!
19
26

3

JO
17
24
31

2, f.40, 246
693, 375
71 1, 762

15
22
29

736,01 4
767,0 11

hllil, 9;3 1
i 13, 02:;

77, 966
78, 862
77, 764
7 , 493
7 , 305
ii, 499

75,870
i{,

3,069,932
3, 02'J, 765
3, OU !. 062
2, 985, 620

7
14
21
28

:3, 032. '247
:i.oou. 25:J
3, OH 585
3,
994

2, 75, i2·1

2,922,029
2, 95S, 022
2, 907, 3.56
2, 9·18, Ii,i

2,927, 11 5

M, Oi'2
b2, 138

:!. 926, i30

'1-,i, h5,l

2,9 15,5!,8
:?. ~ '2, i22
1. no. or,n

93, •!OH
97, 7511
89, ll4 I

2, ,01, 61:l

2'. ~ so:ii:iii

2, 649, '6
2,635,369
2,629,3 11

10 1. lih
I IO, 849
I 16,913
121,325

2,792,362

2,679,016

11 3,3 16

2,736,329
2, 660, 236
2, 622, 590
2, 608, 920
2, 599, 673
2, 6•1,i, .,so

2, lill1, 082
'2, .,2i. 958

126, 247
132, 278
137,230
140, 847
141,772
13fi, r,7:;
114 , 1611
14·1, Ii
139,420

oo,.

5'. ~i: t;~
2,905, 791
2, 760, 73,i
<> -5'> ?S')

29,901
41,091
53, 142
56,533

2, 48S, 360
2. 16s. on
2,457.9111
2, fi09, Ria

2, ,5aJ , 349
2, 5b9, 723
2, ,i77, 675
2, 5.il, II\

2, 420,711

130, (ijj

2..i7 .IHI

2. 1:1,. 132

139, tl09

2,449, lb9
2, 44 /i, 5 IS

2, 43,, 255

542

1940

4
II
1
25

Ml

2, 504, 4
~-.,:JI. 392
2, 5 14, 0h5
~. 0,1, b9i

I. 23, 729

3, 161, Obi!

I, 803, 101

9
JU
23

2, 35&, 179 1
2, 248, 6 1I
2, (97, 226
2, 143,662

1,901,147
I, 929, 219
I, 960,806
I , 987, 202
2, 024,214
I, 960,5 18

1

1939

2,021,579
2

1,568,817

6
13
20
2i

4

2,078, 221

2, 0,Jf,, 75 1
2, 1123, 3Hi
2, Olfi, 979
I, 999,269

I, i ll, 5 5
I, 652, 2h3
1, 592,129

I. 63 1,203

:?, 552, ,)74
4
1I
18
25

2, 551,041

'2. :!'-l;i. 022
A

i
14

2, 761. 155

Aver age
June
J une
June .
June
June

'2

g

16
23
30

2,960,315

15
22
29

2, 240, 0
2,232,9 17
2,240,223
2, 249, 357
2, 26t 056
2, 245, 3:/h

1,814,957

3. 01i,
3. 034,
3. 035,
3,019,

1939

2,332,380

374,317

Average

Februar y •······-····
Feb r uary ··· -···· · -·
Febr ua r y •··•·•·- ···
Februa r y .•. ··-···

12

19
26

'220, 163

i-eptember
Se ptember
Se ptembe r
September
Se ptember
Average

No,·em ber ...... . ....
No,•ember. .•.. -.....
November. ...•••••••
November. ..........

15
22
29

5

:~
~~~~:::::::::::::: ~
..\ugus t. ............. .

agencies

1936

July •..• _•• __________ -··-·-··--··---July _____ _____ . _____ _ ----- -- ·-------July _________________ ----- -··- ------July ... ______________ --·-·
July ___ ______ ___ __ ___ •••.• ···-·······
Average _______ -----

WPA
projec t s
P r ojects
o perated o perated
hy WPA hy otbor
Federal

3

JO

2,159,939
2, 189, 563

Ii
2·1

2, 222, 006
2, z.14, 452

31

2, 265, 609
2,216, 3 14

i

2, 28i, i!Ji
2. 306, lHS
2,3 18,940
2, 324, 089
2,309, 218

I4
21
28

6
13
20
2i

3

JO
17
24

I

2. 23 1, 1:m

i I, 362
7 I, 394
73, 103
73, 5li
73, 253
73, 726
75, 008
i 4, 9119

2, 2-1-1, !HO

i i, IQ()

2,249,91 2
2, 23 1, 59,i

7'I. 177
7 1. r,2:i

2. 085. 577
2, 115, 169
2, 14b, 903
2, 170, 9:15
2, 192, :l!i(;
2, 142, tiS8
2, 2 12. i89

2. 32:3, 49 I

2. 24~. MJO

7 1, tiO I

2,3 18,914
2,3 11 , 525
2, 288, 233

2, 244, 3ZJ

2, 235. 9H2

2. 212. 239

i I, !iU I
75. s.1:i
i.,, 994

2. 235, 31H

7.i, lh(l

2,3 10. 5H
2, 204, 440
2, 161 ,901

2, l2i, 3S I
2, 0S2, .i4fi

ii . ()!)5
iH, 36G

2, lli, 741
2, 092, 0bl

') o·n ·>~•)
2: o·IO; 59s

h i, 483

2, 144, 040

2,06 1. 4[>2

79,

I
8
15
22
29

2, 059, 045
2,008,537
I, 970, 251
I , 944,939
I, 925, 534
I, 98 1,661

I. 977, li3
1,924, 3b8
I, ob.,, 683
1. h!ii. 813
I, 837, 854
l.h96,6 l2

8 1, 572
I, 149
8 1, 5ml
87, 126
87, 6X0
85, 019

5
12
19
26

I, 857,900
I, 785,264
I, 714,32 1
I, 664. G20

I, iiO, '> 9

I, 696,620
I. 62', 137
I. 5b3, 2 12

Si, 6 11
b8, 6-14
bli, I
I. 37,

1, it>5, 526

1. 669 . .,;:?

h(), 459

588

116

REPORT ON PROGRES
TABLE 11.-

AVERAGE

N

M BER Or P ER ON-

State

June

DeC'em her

1935

11136

1936

10, bi2

411. Hile

.<\ rk aosas

California _
Colorado
C'ooneC't icut ____________ _-- _____________________ _
Delaware ____ __
---------------------- - --District of Colu mbia ______________________ _
Florida
Georgia

Idaho
lll inois
India na

Iowa
Kan sas

t~
i ~~~~:-~::__ ::-----------:::::::::::::: :-:-------------:::: :::::::: :'.l[aine

'.llaryland ___________________ ------ -----'.\ l assarhuse tts ______ _____ __ ••... _. ________ . __ _

'.l l ichigan ___ _--·······- - ---- -- ----- - --· ---- -

121 . 453
37. 9117
25, 722
2,605
35.1119
!i3. 724

27. 301
34. 469

9.l,bh
164. !i2(i
19 . .)-l2
23. !iSU
41. 3fiG

157. 45 1
69. 35&
19.b60
32. 402

59.
49,
9.
17.
116,

2(MI

46, 1-.SS

2511
793
63.\
187

3fi, 105

--------------------------

Xew York _ -------- ----- - -- --- ----- -----:,forth Carolina
:Sorth Dakota
Ohio
Ok lahoma
_________ __ ___ ______ __

Peoosyh ·a nia _

Texas
------- -------- ----- -- --·- -- ------- ··
tab
------·····
---···· ·-··-·····
- -··\ ~ermont
______________________
______ ·___
___ _

18. 26
2. 174
6. 934
25. 958
33. fi02

17. 6t5
I. 954
6. 524
25. 369
2fl. 147

lh, 113
1. 935
5.810
24 . 011
2-t, 272

24. hb3
3. !i5R
8. 4.\ 7
36. (138
47. 1 7

30, f),1.,"'

2.1. 000

4, IJ-1 7
13.S.il
53. li8G
117,203

3, 468
12. 9 19
45. 387
:ii. 367

6. 711
159, 476
65. 899

(i. 930

9. 31!1
222. 158
94, 1103
33. 737

l l. 1><1,,7
246. ,38

22. f-.83

4,842
13:i. 607
,;5_ 333
20. 156

41 , 784

:12. 402

51,969
32. 012
7. 561
12. fiS
99. 791

13,472
27, 752
3,6 17
10,977
H2, 353

38, 735
23. 635
4. 23t

52, 130
3e,, 572
20,303
li7. 33 1

45,608
36. 6\1

h9. 696

bl, ,120

19, 29G
50. 392

34, 717

62, 50fi
33, 112
8. 169
t2 , 943
108. 882

33.fl22

41, 7:31'

3 1, 99.i
:J7. 1211

lio. ii,i3
,H. 7311

liU:186
1\1. 933

2.1, 9 4

10.
201,
;,_
27,
30.

730

-190

360
079
I tfi

.ii. 913
43,343

"· 264

17, I

12>-., 7~13

l(l(i, Jf,4

182. 411
61. 307
35. 074
100, 710
20,606

1-1,, i:?9

l24. li76
.iii, 185
40. 360
b5. 639
17. f\93

29. 04 3
2. l 4

2\i. 1132

ili,

637

-t-..,,1mo
l t0. fi62
20. 9!i9

9. r,43

13,147
19. 643

Ii, 151

5. 530

ti9, fil7
37~

57,606
6, 212

0, 643
91 , 140
10. 620

7, 6-16

246. 114

1 9. 397

226, 337

2R. 403
19. 625
t35. 939

23, 177
11. 987
104,046
50. 1\-lo

2t. 735
12, 759
9 1. 307
43. 661

36. b33
13. 320
245, 775
65. 169
16,282
252. 365
14,853
34, 755
15. ,39

19. IJil
2t' , 173
16. 899

189. 728
t5. 108

46. ()71

43, !i81

lfi, lfl7

15. 428

34. 761i
81. 059
10,314
5,059
23 . • 94

57. YO':I
112. !l84
15. 02-',

41. 9&,
9R, 892
11. 9 4

,. f,42

,;_ 289
2-S. 923

7, 96fi

x.

l.691i

309, 240
30. 428
, . r.20
153. b91
54. 91 ,\

?

\8, 814

14. 99
234,014
11,268
24,987
9 . .\6/i

14,001
229. 875
t0.805
24. 2 \ 2
23. 785

13, 37ti
183,5 13
11. 550
3

12,032
159, 107
11. 73
t8, 720
15. 5.\9

36. 306
RO. 975
10. 3
4,5 17

3 1. 303

24. 143

21, 129

77. 269
. 969

it. 559
7. 463
3,048
19. 200

52. 892
7,020
3. 071
17,904

29. 62

6f\. 929

3. 468
24. 720

20, 274
13,

26,228

27, 04

60. 056

43, 790
49, 594

4. 764

2,765

42, 175
.\3. 069
3. 598

26,949
33. 682
42. 405
2,370

4,463

8
3. 725

Puerto Rico _

28, 716
37,408
2, 31\-1
2. 538

44.
4fi,
12.
4.

65
411
726
207

I, 601

2, 1)72 '
11. -'>-13

Undistrihutect by state . __

26. 298
I. 951

, 536

10.J , -~10
1 I. ~112

R2. 940
11.9:ifi

2,;1. rn1
.;7_ 004

210. 3-14
43. 79
13,832

15 . .;93
26,\ 791)
I I. fil'9

:3 2_ 196

204,508
fifi. 970
17. 100

53,910
51. 502
so, 789
-t , i 3Q

3 , 484

SU

ia-1
2,333
4. 0\
I. 3fil

3. 170
4fi
1.3-l!i

Yirgi n Is lands

40. 961
63. 21

3, 20

139

-' Data represent a\·erages or weekly e mployment counts made during the mo11ths.
Includes persons employed on
PA projects opera Jed t,y other Federal agencies.

8

9. 62[)
07. 632

2. 74 3,025 -

19. 759
I. 635

Alaska
Hawaii

9
44. -120
18. lii
26.-'>49

107.

378,098
37. 530
12, !\44
174. 252
85. 600

30, 379
50,689

_______________ _
____________ ______ _

\4, 91 I
107. 023

22, 112
2,091
h,901
76. 422
~. 5-18

W ashingto n . ___ --- · ·· ·-· ··· ___ ___ -· ····- - -- ______________ ____ _
West \'irginia ___ ····-··
,visconsin
\\-yoming

i. 915

2fi. 832

B

105. 939
21,837

15,24 5
2. 282
I. 571

_____________ ____ __ . - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - - -

June
1939

H

51, 35 1
~. !\21
4/i, 119
109. 069

S, 347

32. 480

19,477
2. 325
I. 026

\4. 635
4. 759
39,672

193'-

2, ,iib, 041

13. 566

45. !\&5
73, i52

I Dect>mht'r

I

1)3. c>\l.i
11, rn,
52, 5ti9
120.887

67. \J55

14 . •>90

'T'enncssee _______ ____ ____ _______ _____ --- __ ___ __

193

~ !1"'11

41, O, f..
25. 496
71. 923
12.888

218.146
16. 212
31,439

Rh ocle J, iand
outh Carolina _
" outh J,akota __

June

1937

45,242
9.9;
36. 941
95.003
28. ll !i

76, 4 IS

10,89

])e('emher

2:l. 931
6,890
20. 593
7t. 85
18.4.

46, 222
26. ;1:J
67. 351
10.•191

Nebraska .. ------------ - ------- ----- ----- --- -'.\ernda
_-- ---·········--·-···-··-:--'ew Hampshire ---------------------------

BY , TATE A

~ 59fi. (i7(i

-~fi. 1112

2. OOb

Jun e
t937

PROJE CTS,

23,405
7. 832
24, fl65
t02, Oi
20,076

Sh. 712

'.llontana _________________ . __ - -. - -. - _- - -. - -- - - -

- ---------------------------

6,.%9

vYPA

I, 878,008

2. 247. 461

23, •166
2. -l 15
7, 713

3 1. 385

New· Je rs(' y ____
New :\fC'\iCO

9,529
30. 3 10
11 5, 44i;
2~. 59G

6. 6%

~Iinn Psota ____ _____ ------ - - - ---- -- - -- - - - - - -- - :\Iiss iss ippi __ __________ ______________________ _
:\fissouri __________ . ____ . _____ --- - ___________ -

\ "irginia

2,285,022

,--------------3'!, ~126
4h. 3311
30. 382

Alabama __
_c\.r izona

Oreeon

EMPLOYED ON

D ecmhl'r

2, fifi7, 190

Total

OF T HE WPA PROGRAM

,r

117

APPE ' DIX
T A BLE 111 .-

AVERAGE

MBER OF P ERSONS E~ tPl,O YEO O'

v\' PA

PRO.JECTF;, BY

TATE A

Qt' \llTER LY . S>:PTE \IIJEH 1939 J l'~E JH40

Sc pt crnher

S t a te

rn:m

Projects

Total

l\ l Hr ch 1!110

\\'PA
proje<· ts

opera terl op rated
hy \V r A by otbcr
F ederal
agencies

To ta l

Projec ts
opernted
by \l'P A

\I" PA
proj ec ts

operated
b y <, tb er

Projects I P~;;J;tt s
Ioperated
I ope rat('cl
hy \\' PA 't~(ls:.~
:r

T o ta l

1

Federa l
agenC'ies

.. I, 7211, f!U!i

I. G5G. 019

37. !.147

37, 499
4, 730
31, 705

_\laba m a
.·\ ri zo oa __
.--\rkansas

5, 3,2
32. 235
74 , 235

41~

652

ii30

50. 900
f,,

6,

501 17-l
.,. 021
42 132

721)
l, 0-17

4. 251

s,{om;

Colorado

17, 9911

69,%4
lfi. 123

12. 995
90, U20

I, 067

2 1. 019

3,924

21. i- 1 I

2,208

Connec ti cut
D ela ware
Dis tri ct or Columbia
Florid a

lh, 141
2, 135

171 282
2,044

b59
2,021

3-J. 729

Georgia

3\1, !iG7

i, 190
33, 119
38, 137

lb, 296
2, 3R3
b, 599

730

Y. 211

19,02G
2, 5 1S
](} 821

1. 6 1ll
I, 430

-1 7, 707

7. !15f1
131, 791
48, (i54

763

129,756
4H. 024

I, 192
2,035

IOI :{Si
! GO. 09

630

1,1, JOG

alifornia

Id ah o
Illinois.. _...... . .. Indiana ----- - ---•
lo w a
___________ _
K ansas ___ _______ _

Ii ,

91

37; 716

I~, 709

18,332

377

2l \Iii

IS, Of;~

lfi, 843

I , 225

2r•. ;111

Ken tu cky

36, 5:12
2~1, 9iH
.5, 47

3S, 014
29, 493

1, 51S

Louisiana

5, I 9

65b

'.llaine
:VIaryla nd
)ifa"sachusett.s
~J icbigan

12,0-!7
72,93 7

u, 990
69. 1125

2, 05,
3,012

; ', 266
36, 193

733

~Ii !-souri

78,999
37,010
29,605
59, 4•12

'.IIont ana

JO, 241

);"ebraska
):eyada
H ampshire
:--cw Je rsey
Xew l\Iexico

l , 15

~linoesota
~li ssissi ppi

;\Te w

Xew York .
~,.or th Carolina
Xo rtb D akota
Ohio
.
Ok lahoma

Oregon __
'PennsylYa nia

::m
9, 07

I, 2G,5
5, GI
56, 14:l

9,822
13 1, M7

32. 9 4
~- 253
12:J, 717
40, 02.,

54 , 2G3
9,397

1,880
42.5

12, 44G

128, 407
3 1,675
7, i H3
122, 65i

3, 440

154,32 1
42,098
13. 637
140, lli3
fo. 113 1

10,014
120, 137

10, 285

U, 950

Tennessee __

30,079

29,139

70, 343

1\6, 630
i, 54

\\" ashi ngton
\\"es t Virginia
\Vi sconsin
" "r o rning _

Alaska
Haw aii
Puerto Ri co
Y irgin Is la nd s
A

8511
' 61

6. 73
711, 128

2,, 803

\ 'erm ont.
\ ' irginia _

15, 177
43,074
76, 757
JI , 953

13. V24

268

10,57 1
124,14 3

10.

oo,

4:s, 394
3:i, :105
6, 682

9i5

459

38,2 10

'01
:102
1. 391

,7, 120

13, 17S

490

2

i'. i~i

557
4,006
33.;
1, i
723

15,171,
I-Ii, 27

9 40
3, 71 3

3o, MG
92, 80G
JI , 531

12, 252
39. 627
l!i, 159

12, fi52

2,736

2,671

2, 'l311

fir,

·13, 75i
19,936

8, 20/i

2, 594

2,100
2, JG:)

10, 799
25 379

23, 352

2, 02;
2, 651

J 1,979

180. 96fi
64, 72fi
2fi, 611
'2R, -1 Stl

49, tlo:i
36,024
Y, 927
!ti, 099
102. 4,1
h9, 150
-1 9, 752
41 ,01 4

8,

.,

1, 222

14, 94

11, :lal;
17\1, 435
64, 03S

fi9 I

2, OGi

4h, 343
3fi, 2G5

I , 340
i .5i/

9. 637

2911

2ih

2, 094

ob, 190

YtiO
I , 011

t:,.,, 741

19,093
20, 374

I , 930

100. 3&7

40 , I l.o
~h. 065
13. 66.,

i, 237
135, 73 7
47, 345

62:l

I , 530

2!i, 333
26. ·11 9

14 , lli9

35'. 3

h9H
h20

I, 229
703
120

:l2, 1:ii

.\ ,m-1
134,
46,
1,,
1;-..

369

,\8

387
fiR I

34 ,4 63

32, b9ti

2-t, 7 3
G, 246
1.1.220
t,S, 910

23, 1'03

i>'i, 155
35, 674
2/i, 758

7

~

I, 468
I, 3G8
757

706
I, 693
I, 567
%0

5, 709
13, 1193

n2.9rn

65. ~\15

I, 160

I. 202

64,411

34, 47 2
25,057
63,065

8, 736

I , 14fi

I, 590

19 ,202

994
! Jo

701
I, 346

, 511
9,024

8, ;l8J

643

150,880

3, 441

158,602
5 1, i 9fi

155, 234
.>O, 11 5

145, 146
37,460

141,652

3,494
I, 924

411,

2, 0IY

29, 43G
I , 899

;l(j(l

I . i J~

13, IG4
13'<, ~2'
4!i. \Xiii

473

14, 40\1

I, ,3fi
2, 12:i

Ho, 62!i
.,2. 948

11~:

67

15. 574
146, 444
13, 9 14
46, 292

H. b55
14 3. OIG

H, 490
1-12, 762
II , 773
37. 7~0
14 , 38:l

~7~

27, '01
32, 92!1

'.!.5,
32,
.,1,
3,

311

Iii, 724

2, OG2
Ml'-J

11 125
241
5 9

GOt'I
639
166
12G

120
I, 755
11.0~
I. 27~

756
24

13. 389

21, 9U6

3. 989
311

2, 97

20, 256
2, 776
12,032

74, G94

28, 210

1,615

5,492

13,988

23,031
28,45 1
H,01 -1

I

1.5, V36

SGV
.\62

I. 034

1,352
5, 456
56, 623

21 , iM

I , 61.1

17, 234

33. f,.;.J
5, 17,
25, 907
70,079
H . 2!i6

26,941
it), 571

20, 1%
l , 4i0
!j, 234

4,400

3. 9 !I

34, 523
.5 , 740

MG

25,434

400

26,996

700

9 1h
9G7
3, ifi2
2,017

- - --

8, 3,5g

461

11

.',O, o2 1
i , fi20
43 8"'4
92: 852

1,669, ,)7'2

8,905
76, 756

2, 751

2,

s.

l, 75.5, 52H

30, 139

3,209

51,847
3, .,87

Sl, 524
,068
H, 79 1
9fi, 614
29. 013

- - - -- - - - - I S, 1 0

157
I , 971
569

17. 123

13, 425
2,411

t~::~~t~r

.tl!Pll C'i(~s

61i
H3

19, C 74

646

997

P rojects P~;•,;;~ts
operated opera ted
1
hy \\' p ~\

26, 507
I. 65G
6, 7 1G
68, 157
11 , ii

~~'.
10. r,vo
3, b33

, , 194
3, 6711

~;~ I

oS.0%
46. 174
77,618

1,060
I. 785

2.

83. Si b

I, 166

1,309

2.2311

~r.. nog

694
727

110

132
2, 222
2, 2..:3

1,61-1
,92
i :i6
2,IH
2, 791

197
7, 43b
H , 79G

5,593

30, 761
10, 731

l'tab

Sli

4!i, OUo

3(\

18,356
I, 155

Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota

'r exas

4!-6

35, ·133
-4 ;), -Iii

863

Total

ag-encies

-To t al

Ju ne 194ll

4, 50b
4i ~l
1, l,47

34

.10, 30~

13, S7fi
-14. 644

, , 20 1

I. 397

116, 704
:lfi, .=.~9

2. 297
2. 250

l2, 65s
158. 605
10, 952

11, 620

1,030

3, 42&
33!1

1.:,-1, ,50

1. 64l,

3, 755
419
1, G33

719

14,476

M,

2,, 668

43, 41 l

74!!

101 , 86li
I I. 749

4, 190

:J3, 600
73, 246
~. 702
3,833
26. 2o9

1.,. 319

bi 4
4, 12G
~41

44, 1611
106,056
12. 489

5Gi
3. n::io

5, 52:'l
28. 2IO

4, 89fi

(i2~1

24, 58,

3, G22

~- 19:l
290

33,01 8
38, 571

6 l

5.5, 759
4, 34.,

16 1

120

460
1, 776

fi. 828
I. 244

13, 21 5
I, 283

D a ta rep rese ut a\·eragcs of weekly employmen t co unts made <..lurin g th e months.

3 1 ')2?

9. 463

740

111. 533
27. 035
'· 124
32, 60~

69, 37;;

1, 33H

\192
3, l,71

7,446

J, 25fi

3, 2 9

044
3, 433

22, R26

23, 557
30,011

1, 387
30 1

I , 086

420

38, 713
2, 5i7

4fi()

241

7, 148

1. 672
17,356
1, 760

38:
293
.,.,_ 26b

I, 79G

3. 92S
1,776
fi.067
46

35, 533

9,5%
I lb, 994
37. ~43

776

I , 755
·I, 260

~t~

3, 3f>b
I, 6h 1
4G.5
I, 963
2. f)-t.5

7it-i
I. &,

278

491

I, 237

I

373

241
1. 672
7fill
.10

q,

7, f,()()
11 710

11 )

RE P OR T O:S: P ROGR ESS OF T H E "\V P A PRO ,RAM

TABLE

I V.

NU M BER OF P ERSONR E MPL O YE D ON P RO J ECTS O P E R AT E D BY \ V P A , BY l'vl.~J O R T YPE 01' P1t OJ EC T
AN D DY 8TA 1'E
J UNE 21\, 1940

State

Total

Iligh•
ways.
Roads.
and
treels

~~?i~~

mgs·
---

Hecreational

I

Professional and Service
.\ ir-

Sewer

Fl~:v~:t· s;:~~ris

~o;~s
.\ ir-

Other

rng
n.,nuiglsd .

I

0
ser ,~~-

Lion

Sanitatioo

I m'unity
nOlll·

Ullillle.s ' ways - - - - - - _ serv1-ce

I .;~:!·.

Welfare
Resea rch
Other neou,;;
and
records Sewing Other _ _ _ _ _

I

'l'otaL __ _

I. 583, 242

6i3. 036

143. \152

33, 53t
5, 00-l
25, 0S9
&I, 40
13,276

l\l, SS3
2, ti59

2, 760

15, 5i4
12,320
4,449

10,412
2, 438

5~
374
3. 382
378

15,390
2,670

5,037
595

2, 19
433

993
97

7,914
23,539
30, 50

560
7,940
16,025

505
4. 500
2,050

125
340
58 1

5, 4Ti
11 8,494
4 1, HO
Ii, Ot
15, 65i

I. 642
45, 11 1
21. ,\9 1

7.\5
6,943
4, 21,~
I. 425
I, 40\

12,gl
I , 413

Maryland ..
1\ l. assachusetts

33. 066
21. 730
5,499
t2, 806
55, i28

19, 9ii
i,91\!,
3, 120
5, 107
13, t40

2,875
l. 924
391
4

l\licbigan . ....
I\l innesota __ __
lllississippi. . . . . .
r\lissouri
l\ l ont ana __ ____ __ _

61. 066
33,007
21. &11
5 , 915
6, 381

33, sr,o
JO. i56
11. fi'l
28. 57fi
I. YIS

2,399

Nebras ka_. __ . . .
.
'1e,-arta . .
~ew Hampshire _
New, Je rsey
New l\ l e:xico

17,586

1,656

53,6 18
7. 213

9, Ill
331
1, t24
20, IO<J
2,485

New York
North Carolina
X orth Dakota ..
Ohio .
Oklahoma .. . .. _

139,356
33,971
7,592
110, 95
34. 9l0

31, s3t

Oregon _______ __ _
Penns ylvania __
H hode Island
South Carolina
~ou tb Dakota

10, 4,, 7
150, 022
10,075
26. 811
7, 53i

Alabam a _______ _
.\ riz na
Arkansas

California
olorat.lo
Connecticut.
Delaware
Distr ict of Columbia ___ Florida
Geo rgia ________ _
Idaho __ ___ _____ _
Illinois
. · ··--•··_
l nrliana
___________
Iowa
Kansas . ____ -- - - Kentucky.· ·-· · ·
Louisiana _
l\Jaine

1.3%
5,UI

8, -;'62

6,01,0

16, OSI
2. 520
62, 366
16, i84
4,

f;,3

82,690
2,026
, 811
2, 160

Tennessee __
Texas ____ _
l ' tah
\"er.monL __
\"ir~inia __ _

31. 700
66,220
7, IR I
2,911
22,351

19,616
27, i,03
2,357
1. 3S1
10.106

\Vashington
\\"est \"1rginia

\\"i sconsio
Wyoming

21. 747
29, t25
37. tOO
2,068

5, 133
19,321
10,937
776

H a waii
Puerto Rico
\ ~ irgin ls1a n<ls

I , 6l7
JO, 6.,
51

674
7, 54G

,\H

2. 307

6,H6

90,224

I

2,26 1
349

715

l, 452

405

?

141
995
I, 489

375
349
23
100

6, 667 1
4. 079
fill
i, 125
304

1,114
9S2
579
261

30
04
44
I. 0-13

2.:: I

90
307
14

156
926
506
31
40t

249
11. 679
2,9 13
1.06-1
956

47
6,375
t, 2t2

746
157
5t

I. 54 1

431
414

I. 490
I. T7

I , 267
1,060

2H

131
14

179
650
3,986

404

Ill,

220
22

207
38
65 1

I, 958

24, 5f,O

I. 86h

67S

2, 17~

34<J

310

114
10, 323
1.032

2S
I, 189
64

77S

1.060
9, <Jifi

102
,J.!2
95 1
35\1
121

1.066 1

10, 795
3,269
5, 761
594

60
424

314

911
3,553
809
349

262

71:S

I, 1397

169

]6,\

00

28

642
91
421

I. 262
I. 292
I, 193

1.33:1
110

4. 084

2, 292

761

R72

2,576

I, Ill.\
0

5,942
l4

229
24

31

78

-• . • _

• 4~~-

::::::::1

I. 35i
I. 120
250
312
i,98

t62

3. 450
269
36
I. 054

7fi
395

6

43,
I,

411
95

278

4. 9S8

122

I, 306
430
7, 36."-i
365

696
493

27
157
47

2,310
255
90

627

16, 74"'.I

203

&14

l. 500

20,370
3,211
I. 152
3,399
5,052

72

258
-· 275
2, 759

2, Ill

I. 199

435

251
102

51,3
l, 65,\

991
762

I, 924

573
954

205

f,21

964
. ~15
I. 548
113

I. 579

i0
4ll

St
t, 874
453

367
3,0 t
90t

193
135

2,944
l , 677
202

I , 265

979
113
I. 3'-b
6,405

112

160
34

928
173

5 2
222
701
4, 66S
14G

414
4,220
2. 097

779
71

423
33

32

4, t82

828
44-1

306
170

4S9

2iG

I
40

I 6

2, 47
4-15

l, 262

l. 1\85

t 71
286
3, 124
341

175
I, 350
2, 13
465

2, 0,3
2,255
402
0
7, <J71

3,279

407
62

425
876
7,973
710

39, 57

4

283

2, 143 1
3, 67

154
l , 39
4,937
83

158
252
111
166

256
2, 191
543

1,911,

132
26Y
3,211,

19
I, 610
5,642
t, 152

3,973
485

416
277
7,555
I, 249

l6 t
3SS

I. 475

33,076

74, &13

534
13. 180
3, 9l8
I, 142

75G

7,633

109,291

22, 174

-----------1--1,----------------299
757
I. 729 2,409
l, 207
!, 719
645
474
68
368

907
I , 260

I

110,367 97,280

24,067

157,921

I

2,673
1.486
2,839
525

I. 303
150
207
3, 263
36 1
11.
57 t 1
2, 595
571
6. 902
I. 615

199
I, 193
290
812
349

796
, 5h0
663
I. 4 ' O
59

3, 278
b71
148

l. 016

455

2, 7W
179
2. Gt

I. 539

GO

32

65

71 l

113
l

2,488

114
239
5,830 II, 773
I, 704
2,433
3
I. 195 1 I. 177
409
769
I. 489

571
4, 75
2,382
I. 953

I.I
2, 714
5IO

597
69
152
4, 489
135
9, 775

783
260
4,950
752

466
6, 400

3 5
177
391

171

64

1,836
I, 7
649
640
5, 180

I, 454
991
130
184
4,087

4,203
2, 402
1,8lfi
3,032
778

2, 279
l, 143
2, 69i
4, 140

285
139
19
493

298

2

t, 271

245
90b
3,453
499

924
37
131
3, 139
175

6. 285
2,613
728
6, 40
2,479

9,215
2,492
2&1
4, 795
4,346

751
12,467
I, 23 1
t, 932
722

482
348
151

l. 30

3~1 I

956
58
I, 114
2. 579

906
867
99
l, 237
366
6ll
46
135
1.021
133

75
103
55,\
118
h-1 1
46

4,971
396
79

270
22
194
4. 65t
205
l
3,258 -·
497

368

I

1. 242
315

I

1,060
40 1

696
55

261
I. 620

828
2, 117
261
335
98

507 2, 707
9, 667 1 5,431
133
546
21 t
48
2, 733
I. 630

I, 385
I. fi83
2. 710
195

773
528
3, 101
9-1

l , 532

224

798
1,312
250

432
1,131
83

4, 76

5 6

68

32
Ill

278
266
82

51>3

3 2

1,

45
663

119

APPE~DIX

T ,u 31,1, \'

P ERCEN T .\C:E

DI S TRIB

TI0 N

Of' P E ll RONS F,~ I PLOYED ON l-'llOJ EC'l'fl OPEllATl!:D
01' P ROJECT AND BY STATE

BY

\VP A,

BY

M AJOR

TYP E

Professional and ~ernl'e

Stale

H.c:searc h
and rec·•
ord s

). 1i~•i<'el -

\\'elfare
--1 Ot her
~ewiag

Ot her

5. 2
4. 0

i. 'l

6. 4
.7
8. 7

7 3
7. 6

5. 4
16. 6
3. 3
9. 7
9 0

5. I

0..5

Total
.\labama __ _
Ari zona __

3. 6
3. 5
5. 4
4. 3

Arkansas

California
Colorado

3. 5

Connecticut
Delaware
District or Col um h1a
Flonda
Georvia __

100 0
100 0
100 0
100. 0
100 0

32. ,
22 3

Idaho ..
Ill inois
Indiana

lO0. 0
100. 0
100 0

Jowa

IOO 0

5L 7
19. 2

K ansas.

100 0

3~

Kentu cky ..
Loui!:iiana
1 I a ine
::IIaryland _
l\Iassacbuse1 ts

100. 0
IUO 0
100 . 0

60. 4
36. b
.-,6. i
42. :!
23. fi

100 U

100. u

l\Iicbigan
?-.Iinnesota
11 ississi 1>Pi
::IIissoun
Montana .

IOO 0

100 0
100 0
100 0
100 0

~ebraska

Xevada
Kew Hamps hire ____ _
New Jersey

New i re,ico

Xew York
Xo,th Caroli na
Xorth JJako1a
Ohio
Ok lahoma _

__
__

33. ,

19 I

52 5

" 7

I 9

4 I

30. 0

J'.!\
.,. y
10. 2

9 7

"9 0

2 2
lO. 9
3 4
4 2
12. 2

8.7

o. 9

i. 1

38. I
~

,)5. 4
:32. H
I -/ , .,

-

S. 8

r,' 9I
II.Ii

23 9

100 0

21.-t

61. 9

fi. a
10. •I
{. 3

2. I
5. 8

6 9
14 . :1

I 3
2 fi
i.
2. i
0.

12. I

5. ,i

-I '

3. 2

2.

I. 3

10. 3
I 3

8. 9

2 I

S. 2

3. fi

9 0
i.3

11. 5
4. 0

6. 4
5. 8
i.4
9. 4

3, fj

12. 4

lfi. 0
i.2

.0.8

4.6

3. y
1.9
2. 6

LU

2. 0

12. fi

0. 5

2 3
0. 6
l. 2

0 Ii
7. I
2 Y

5. 3
0. 5

I 3

I.I)

4. 2

4. 8

. -- · -,. - o. 6

1.0

0 I
I H
I. 5

4. 3
3. 8
o. i

0 b

0, 6

3. 3
2 ti
I. 9

i. 6
5. 7
6. fi
5. j
,.9

10. 5

73

8. i
4. ti

0. 1

I 9
0. 8
2 9
3 0

18 8
2. fi

II. 2
IJ. 3

:i ..,

103 '9

i.➔

4. 4

2. 4
I 4

2. 5

3. 4

3. I

3. 9

4 ti

I,. 3
6. 4

7. 4

I 0

4. 4

J •>
I. 9
1.0

5 0
2 y
8. 4

1. 2
2. i

;) I

II. 3
0. 4

0. 3

I 3
I Ii

II ;J
12 0
7 Ii

3. I
I. 3

ti. 4

5 2

5. 2
12. I

2. 3

II. 6

-I.I
5. 0
4 9

i.2
li. i

4. 6

8 0

0. 8
0. 2

9 g

2. I

0 8
(' )

4. 8

8. 2

4 6

u. 2

9. 0

1. 5

I 4

0. I
H fl

1.3

I. I
I 3
2. i

2. 6

0. 4

1. .,
I. 3

5. I

0. 3
2. I

3. 0
2. 3
2. i

u

2. G

1.0
I. 3
II. 3
0. i

11. 8

3 3

0. 3

4. X

0. 5

o. 5

0 6

10. 2
i.2

2. 6
b. I

3 I
I I

U. 4

0 2

1.0

6. 3

o. 6

0. ~

3. 5

fi. 9
i . :J
i.4

3. 3
6. 3

0. 9

2. 3

3. I

11 0
7 0
·I. i

3. 9
5. 9
4. '

9. 4

6. 2
4. 6

6. I
I. 4

43 0

8. 2
8. I
6. 0

2 ..1

0. 3
2. fi

6. 6

2. y

·I I. 7

5. I
i.2

3. 3

6. I
., 5
9 3
:1 0

5. i

I. 8
2. j
1.0
2. fj
I. i,

3,. 5

fl . fi
8. 2
II '
5. 0
9. 3

10. 2
0. 4

3. 9

i

100. 0
100. 0
100. 0

4. 4
4. 5

8. 3
7. 6
7. j

2 1. ,;

H awaii
Puerto Ri co
Yirgin ls lan rls

4. 9

1.0
33

I 6

\Yyoming

3. 8

.2

3. 3

0. 5

li 7

1.3

I I

4. 5

I 3
I 0
II. I
I I

12 U

12 I)

ti 9
Y~

5. 8
6. 6
9. 5

6. I
5. 0

2"), ti

fiG . 3
29 5

2. 9
6. i
2. ti

I. 2
0. I

--

iJ U

1.0
L,

(' )

.I. I

7. 0
6. 0
6. I

3, 5
6. 3

32 . 9

:.?J G

I, 3

1.0

9, 9

4. 4
4. 9

0. 5
I. 4

32. :)

lO0. 0
100. 0
100. 0
100. 0

8. I

0. 9

u. I

5. 4
9. 4

17 I
-J ,') 2

1. 9

l.fi

2. 0

12 0

1. 3

3. 7

3. 9

0 I

ti. i
3. fj
I I. 5

:J2 \

fj

0. I

o.

5. 7
1..1
12 . .5
3. 2

3. 3
16 0
13. 4

3. g

11)() 0

0. I

3. 9

10 I

100 0
100 0

Less tbau 0.05 percent.

fi . 8
2. 4

I.I

9 ;)
l.i 2
;JI
II .;

100. 0
100 0

2. o
0. 8
I. 2
0. 2
2. 6

4. 5

0. 3
0. 4
2. 2
3. I

26. 5
0. 9
2. :J
3 3
1. i

0 I
0. 2
I 9

47 . 3

fi . s

5. .)

6. 7
6 3

2 6

11 ,,

Tennessee __ _

8. I

I 2

o. 9

6. 0

2. t
3 I

IO 9

22. \

100 0
100 0

9. 4
i;, 4

2. j

I.'
0 i

12. ·I

0
0
0
0

100 0
100 0

II.I

2. 0
6. I

0. 7

3. 5

3, 5
3-1 5

33, 2
5G. 2

39

37. 2
i. I

IL. i
11

100 0
100 0
IOU
100
100
100

Iii. 7
tli .O

I. 2

9 9

51 ,

100 0
100. 0

16 I

3. 9

11. 2

H
.5.,. I
20. I

A

()

30. I

4h I

\·irgmia

n. -1

.j . -~

100 0

" 'as hin~Lon
\\"est Virginia
\\'i ~consin _

IG. 2

Ii. s
7. I

100 0

l'tab
,·errnont

I I. 3

6. 5
3. 6
I. 6
I. 4

. -·--·- · ·
Oregon
Pennsylvania
R hocle Is la od
South Carolina .
South Dakota

Texa~

laneous

3. 7

2. i

I. 9

Ii. 9

5. g
2 4

i.0

➔•

5

6 6

2 3
3. ·I
4. i\

7. i

7 3

9. 6

3 5
-I 3

2

~

4. 4

5. 2

6. 2
i. 1
7. 2
o. 3

12. 2
i.2
9. tj

fj

I 6

3. 2

1-l fi
i.6
7. 3
12. 2

Lo
8. 4
4. 5
I. 6
0. 2

i.0
'2 . i

3. 5
12. I

5. S

Lo
3. G
l. 2
I fJ
I I

12 I

0 ;
0 I

2 I}

0 2

a. ;;

:l. 1
2. U

0. 1
tJ. 2

U. i
4 I)

1·> •)

:? "

Ii. Ii

X ti
h. 2

0 9

0. 7

0. I

11. 9

U. 2

I 9
I. 6
73

II. I
I I
U. ft

2 6

l. i

3 ,;

0 I

,) . 2
3. 3
5. 9

0. 4
I. 3

1.0
Lo
3. I
·I. CJ

2. S
13. 2

1.0

100. 0

TABLE \'I. -AvERAGE Nu~!B}~R OF PERSONS EMPLOYED ON

" ' PA Pno.JE C'I'>; OPER ATED BY O T HER FEDER AL A GENC !El:;, BY STATE AND BY A GEN(;Y
JUNE 1910

Oranrl
Tota l

Bun•a11
of Ento·
mology

1_

-______1 ___ ___
1

Ro il Con•
Forrst srrvat ion
Total and l'lont ServicC'
Hl'r\'iC'e

I

Bureau

Oth(•r

Torn l

(,luarantinc

Tota l

.\lahama
.\ri zonn
\rknn sas
C'alirornirt
Colorad11
Colllll'C't il'lll

Dl•lawan •
Di strict of C'olumhiri

Florida
Ch•orgia

M, (1.54

I 29, S8 1

9, 399

xml

:1%

18
7.5

fif,:!
1, 0:ll

,1, •H.I:!

2.

u,~

;~"'
li!i

.191

o:n
tlf1l

l rlailo

I, Iii\

Jllinois

I. 3G,

lndi~1na
]own

7{l7
iflh

t[ili

190
'.1, no:-i
I, Ii~/
Ill
'.!~
\Ii:.?
Iii~
\Ill

I

.I. 855

],Ii%

IVG
2fili

128

2fi

115

2fi9
.\

1. ti.~O

30 1
12i

139

i~:!

131;

I , 21ii
I\

2H9

),1

110
'27fi
:i10
I

1(11 1

:?iii
:11-1

I

12. 932

Hi

I . :Jh,\
IJ!I

:m

-I

'.16
90

51
lf,3

G2
3110
340

7fl'2

f:>11

10 1
115

II
t.Q

Ii:!

134

19

7111

232

J:l.411R

o f Fish•

Sun·cy

cries

logical

4~·1 ·•·1 ••···

9i
129

I:!

7V

78

334

[II,

7-1

119

111

IV2

fl:?

131

i:i
]),I

•) J•)":·

Iii

215

lo,

IHI

i\ l nuw
~laryland
__
.\lassnC'hus"t ts

20 1
:!72

i uiii

Ill~

17

1:rn

:i

-111

18
32
6

.\I ,C'lu~an

l , 11\0

Oifl

:i5i
'2fitl

2:i1

bb

li•I
l:ili

'lh'2

:![,Ii

I IO

i1'!1

13-1

II

2-1 1

lihl

lfi9

.\ ~

.')j()

j'j'~

71!74!\
l--7
221

IOli
1!'1'-1

:.?Hi
2!i0
Ill

1143

71J2
133

\, ::m2

.1\ l i!--sissippi

IOI
1. :Hli

.\li ssouri
.\lontana
~l'hrnska
~l'YEHln

~rw I lamp.s hire _
Xew .ll'rSl '\
NC'w i\ l rxiC'o
~ew York

Xorth Carolina
:S:orth Dakota
Ohio ..
Ok la homa ..
Orl'~o n • ...•
l'rnnsy !Yania
Hhorlc Island

I . WU

H!I I
I IS

I.;,,,

t,I()

:i~,;

HII
702

,,;

I , l !'1H

I, :!4:?

I. H:!i

'2!'1'2

l, :lO';'
'.!, 2HU

:Ji

\lli:J

l\i
211

'.!,:1s.i
I. IJ:lh

,;11:1
i85
l,tlfi:i

:{\U

H!i

'!.ti

:t.?
:1~9

2.1
I

I, 281

138
170

VV:!

:!'J I
I, litl

If),

l43
:1i,2

fi(;2

198

li7X

120

;'4jj

Vt:rmont

I, 2511
,\.f4

l,3

Virginia

:1, 133

\Vashingwn _
\ VC'st \ ' irf!illUl

I, :Jo7
:m 1

Tennessee
'rt':\O S

L· tah • •

\\'isconsin

\\· yom111g _

A laskn

Puerto Hic1J
Virgin Isla n d s

:i. bi!

1.m,n

~~

I , 710

a,

14ti

17

2
7\12

~i
13

8

llil

:!Or\

iUV

:rn1

:iai

50

11 7

7ti

:?05
11 ·12
fiti

.. IO:.,'·····-··" I
41

-

--

2-11

I , 441l

i65
9

37

21

11

22

4

1.029

37.\

14,\
37[1

2h!I

2fiH

t,

14

42
3
102
23

'200

305

34

41
18

,\

18
11

,I OU

na

200

0
;rj

t':i

[/J
[/J

0
I
10

..

::::

14

!\JO
I

'· 492

I, -102

6
7
2

1. 1161
Ill
70-1

I

391;
187

130
.55

I

1. Olil
Ill
70 1

107
301\
187

'l, 4!'1!')

2, ,15!'1

Ill

102

'.!'2'
:JO

2--li
!i:?li

102
'21i

r,2n

."1:{8

!~J'-1

I, 7fr1
23(j

lil

20

18

22

~~ I

17:J

:1a

4

'2-U
l , 4•11i

,\ 5 1
2f>-I

z
i
M
,_;,

>,:j

1, 25:1
:lf10

!07

12

z
',:j

I, 253
:i.111

710

3b
90

10

f~~ I
17

73fi
181

~

0

0

ll

25
10
244

9.1

17

99

',:j

0

>

121
182

H

;:d

M

;rj

2·1

39

-

! •I.I

7:i~

HX

·-·········1

no

731,

.1.,

7V2

HO

47

192

1r1:i

:l:J(I

21

;a,1
412

Jf,f)

1.18

:12

14 0

73!\
! , 441

31
3

44

Y7

410

J .';:j

162

:i:!

4 •) ~)

155

lil

21

cics

J , 012

422

73

281
Intl
7112
tili
20i

59 I

liU

:so;

I, 017
I, 012

03

Ii
12
67

91

.1au

34
6b
74

12

'.!4

5(j

70
:107
I, 1117

I,

I, 2G0

45

70

fi

21

l~I

WO

li!i!'"1
l iO
\I

32
175

i5X
fifi
25 1
32:1

2h!-i
;J'.!i
:11,1
:!!'ii

:J7:l
:? ii
7, ilOIJ

33

31i

IJUO

13

92

fi30

-- --

IHI
IOfi
2H'2

I! ,\

I!,

·---•- •

II

134

3,

:mi

!,\

33

I

Corps termasof En·
ter
ginccrs
Cor ps

Total

142

16

.. .... 74 ·1 ..... (\,\

n1

1)(1

22 1

11 5
207

i,Ji,

South Carolina
~o uth l)akorn

tHI
I, 1)3:l
I , 33V

1l i

! Of,

!(1

120
!I I

111

4

vs

:1
1:SO

!i:H

3R

246

21

:!J:{
I. IJ21
l.'l
4~

a. iM1

18

:J!'i2

All
:i2

1:l\l
i :i
:10.1

Trrns- tration
ury

I

15

II(/

1.12
~!I

1.15

Otber

Agra•
l,luar•

8. 785 I 2, 07l
rios
1, 150 I 20. 4 16
10,468
I, 512 I 27. 596
2, 178
403
- - - 1- -- 1 -- -- 1 - - - -1-- - 1 -- - 1 - -- 1- -- 1 -- - , - - l78
19
185 I ··-· O
1;,
\!I
9-1
7
,Ii,
,\ ,\
67
.%
12
'.?(ifi
250
37
10
250
10
95
103
2. 113
9/lfi
3 12
I
! ,\
I\
951l
121
121
21
20fi
22
:!.\
35
[>:J i,
20
hlJI
ii
105
b0 4
lb'>
131
1113
131
31
%0
15
920
i.52
920
11 5

111

1113

217
1:J4
ii,1

155

l [J2

2i
2i4

3. -1111

21i6
170

.1:Hi

I

44
22

r,),,4

!)

~-

\\~ar Departmrnt

e Navy Dcpnrl· 1 Y.eter•
of
th <.• ans
minis~- m,•nt
' Ad·
Bureau
Yarris

7
2

I. G!:I:~
I , !ilii

J\ l inrwsota

iU

:.m~
lllti

3

1

th

INationa
l
ofl of and
Park
01hrr Illureau
L aha r
Ser\'ice
Stat1st1cs
Dock s

!, 847
705
1- - -- 1 -,84

'222
filiU

-1 :1,

llurcau

or Bio·

Kan sns
KL'nl uckv
L ouisinn3 __

9\()

Labor

l'v
0

I

,~!~tr;; I

mentor

Department of tht• lnt<.•rior

DPpartmrnt of \ F:ricultu re

State

Depart ·

~

I

I\:05,5 ...

.5H

16

4b

6,955

44

',:j

;,:;
C
C':
;:d

...>'-'

121

APPB:--:D IX
T ABLE V [I. -

TOT A L

f-I ou 1{s

\'ID T OTA i , f<:Anxrxc:s OF P ER ONS E~I PLOYED ON
B\ ~T \TE \XD BY F1 sCA L YE .\R

PR O.IECT>-

OP ERATED

BY

\VP A,

T11tt.uu,11 Jl':-.t.. :m. w-to
C u mulati\·e through Ju ne 30,

Years .E nding June

1940

ao,

IY3Ii,

W3i'. nnd HJ3b

Yea r Ending June 30, 1!139

Yea r Ending June 30. 1940

State
B ours
'l'ota!__ ______ 14,41 .525.27-1
Alaba ma . ________ _
.Arizo na __ _______ __

.\r kansas. _______ ..
Ca liforn ia ______ ...
Colorad o ____ . _. _
Connecticut ____ _

D elaware __ _
Distr ict or Co lu mbia .. ------ _
~- loricla ____ ___ _
Georgia _________ _

Idaho __ --------Ill inois .. ______ _
l ndi na __________ _

lowa ________

K a nsas ___ ___

_

Earolllgs

I l ours

Earmngs

$6,91 ·1,435,bll

7,758.1;51,lhO

,3,751,306,734

3,747,868,967

$1,876,810,114

so. 772,075
25. 14fi, 110

l I9, 52:l, 4ti7

3,1, 097, 2<J3
14, 187, 00-1
28,950,819
200,859, 7 l
43,5 11,762

81,36 1,062
ll. 4.20, 602
69,527.404
126, 3 4,086
31, 673,853

2 1,493,592
6, 553, .121
19, V3o , ,'\04
83,075,843
18, 155, 50'J

63,332,866
9,227, 91 I
56, 228, 664
122,950, 709
30,508,393

U ours

3•17, 311, 353
75,501, 48R

21.J, -19. (i22
108,357,8 12
345, I Ti, llitl
91, 097,407

136,879,971
li, 36 1,322

77,728,483
7,528.631

72, 303,008
9, 04 .5, li82

42,061,437
3, 8 1·1, 994

37, 853,804
4, 75,629

21, 755,407
2,095, (i39

26, 723, 159
3,557,0 11

13,911, li39
I, 617, 99

54,4 27,566
225, 303, 51
273, 850, 187

26,850, 798
76, 1'1 0, 261
84,335, 40 I

26,885,084
102,521, 141
127, 133. 000

12,121,075
31,985,136
37,303, 480

15, 101, 744
69. 848. 396
4, 493, 250

, 22-t , 419

23, IJ51, 037
25, 14 5, !.177

12, 4·10, 738
52,934,314
62,223,937

6,505,304
20, 197, 48
21,885.947

23, 3 6. 26b

27, 452,576

524. 574, 892

70, 783. 07H
79,002. ,52

538,945. :375
245. 619,069
'3. 9·15, 6-lb
127, 323, i!fi

l l, 766, 145
26-1. 193, 70
l 18, fiOfi, 03\1
:r;, •l22, 572
46,820,370

12,225,316
288, 733, ':l9
112,731. 301
38, 93l. 520
43,906. 775

13, 152, 723
23l. 283. 621
4,712,175
34,009.44:J
34, 327, 220

5,800, (Hli
107, l05, 056
36. 671,422
14 . 634,029
13,979,801

52,830,615
l. 058, 962. 835
4-13, 002. 545
156, b86. l;I I
205. 557. 71 l

67,5 71, Gftl

214. Oil. 627

321. 428, 354
230, 409, 91
50, 150,986
90, 672. 706
580, 766, 2i4

98,587.604
83,127,405
20, IU5. 45,1
37, HO. 167
3-19, 92. 72K

166,673, 21,
llS,,128, 72:l
26,059. oil
51, :J74, 374
:307, 869, St)!,

45. 119,805
42,531 , 774
10. 41 7. r,or.
20,553, h7-t
19l. 6 '. 7,1,1

90, 4-11. 0-IO
6-1, 883. 06\1
13,529, 23S
2 1, 086. 781
148,469,242

i\lichigao
;\linniisotiL
~ ( ississi ppi
11issouri
Montana

599, 251, 284
313,153.345
195,640, 260
497,418,913
71. 915,015

304, 691.504
166,945.1156
5 • 126, 209
207, 096. 30 1
45,178,331

278, 403, I07
171, 701i. :15 1

136,909. 429
90, %5, 2-14
'' I 2'30 -g,,

Neb raska _
Ne\·ada.
__
New H ampshire
New Jersey
New ~l exico

160, 002, I 07
10,129,674
50,716, 475
511, 302, 409
6 , 212, I 5

65. 519. 8 12
5,832, 0-11
22, ,173, 402
28 1,970,071
27,253,013

New York
North arolina
No r th Dakota
Ohi o _
Oklahoma

1,499, 5 , 563
22 1,632, 185
85,013,032
1,027, 5ll, 97 4
326, 7 ' 2, 32 1

Orego n __ .. _
outb Carolina ___
South D akota

Tenn ee __ ..
Texas _____ _
Uta h .
Vermont_ __ __ _
Vi rginia __

Was hingto n . __ _
West Virginia _._
,v i sco □ s io

Wyoming
Al aska ___ .. ___ __
ll awaii_ ____ ___ _
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands

2,9 12,005,127 $ 1,286,3 1 ,966

264, 216, 305
49,698, 135
23·1. ll 3, 0
594, 51 1, 964
153. 279, 653

Kentucky _______ _
Louisiana _____ _
i\ l aine
M ar yland
i\Iassachusetl s

Pennsyl vania
R bode Isla 11(!

Earnmgs

5, 819, 477
1.53, 27fi, 1~

58. 79•1, 166
l ', 726, 47:S
18. 202. 673
3! , 2i4,%3
22. 863. 1:iu
5,389, 139

22, 181.
4,405,
18, 685.
03. 375,
13,834,

190
,I 5

3 IO
729
~17

8. 870,040

64,314, 09ti
47,098, 12fi
10,561,937
1 • 211, 551

94,621, 1122

124, -127. 227

22, 192, Slti
17,732,492
4, 3' , 710
~. 022. 25:5
63, 5 2,351

107,418, SJIJ

2-t, 264, iii

192,368. 682
76. 96-1, 669
59,728,092
131, 4~3, 616
18. 28 . 720

I 28, 4 79, 495
6-1, ,182, 325
51,370,403
108,862,612
16, 631, 294

60, 363, 23ti
29. 907,472
16,5 5,90b
-15, i04, 139
7, 750, 45,

5, 56·1, 075
2(i, 269, 05 7
28 1, 170. l9ll
3-1, 429, 4•18

32, 710, 788
3, 364, 481
l l, 600, 284
158, 462, 5-1S
13, 224, 216

41, 776, 9,IV
2, 207, 449
14 , 063, 742
130, 223, 99 '
17,157,498

17,570,317
I, 4 19,428
6, 49(), 9 1I
73, 5(i0, !)8!1

6, SIG, I 3.1

35, 723, 30 1
2,358, 150
10, 3 3, 671i
99,908,215
16, 625, 239

15, 238, 707
1,058, 132
4,476, 207
49, 9-16, 534
7,212,662

973,291.622
65. l9l, 559
37. 213, 199
545, OOl. 699
106,730, ,RI

972, 633. 150
I00, 562, 338
52,0 17, 81,2
519,883, 13 1
179, 533, 52 l

644,658,901
26,682, 795
22,743, 483
272, 554, J58
54, 745, ·140

300, il2, 973
64, 154, 272
16, 684, 64 '
3 ll ,680, 766
84, 466, 799

205, 267, 140
18,959, lilo
7,969, 541i
179, 475, 9%
30. 317,3 17

226, 222, 140
56,9 15,575
16,310,522
195, 9·18. 077
62, 7 2,001

123,365, 5 l
19, 549, 146
6. 500,170
92,971 ,543
2 1, 667,997

91, 79l. 226
l. 305, 797. 157
6,225, 791
217,44 1,484
107. 045, 132

49,609,986
715,121,014
43. 43 ', 2:37
61,993,968
41. 15,521

50,670, 9Y\I
772. 690. 790
45. 034. h47
97,5 16, 712
68. 529, 159

27,339, 566
-127, 18 1. 896
22,085. 100
24, 745, !Oo
26. 025, 893

21. 197. 241
321,701,4 11
24. 049. firn
67. 173,068
20. 256. 258

12, 295. 12G
185, 665. OS7
12,985, ,'\84
18, 622,093
8,673, 271

19,922, 986
21 l, 404, 95H
17,141,265
52,75 1, 704
18,259, 715

9, 975, 2\H
102,274,031
, 36i, 55:i
18, 62fi, 767
7, 116, 357

25 1, 960. HY
4 7,207, H 3
59,350, 71b
31, 357,367
166, I l 7, 219

67. 9 17,651
153. 723. 2-10
30, 907, 391i
12,350,966
4' , 30-1, 349

125, 498. 5%
240, 58l. IU9
31, 459.491
15,660,834
!J5, 150, 438

30, 742, 960
70, 801.394
16, 131,576
5. 9-13, 021)
25. 425, OSI

72, 602, 544
128, 023, 135
13, 476, 752
9, 97 l. Oll
39. 972. 54 l

18, 932, l8ti
41,201. lil\l
4, 03l. S52
12,031. 7,;o

53. 59,307
ll , 603, 109
14. 414 , 175
5, 725. 472
30, 99-1 , 240

18, 272, 505
41, 720,227
6,835,082
2,376.0
lO, -Ii, 50b

193, 6H. 895
223, 585, 339
317, 3,871
22, 7i0. 563

l07, 321, fi7t3

98. 965. 777
182, 278, 758
10. 0 , 3l l

lOl, 216. 478
121,702,636
161. 3 12, 3 1G
13,250,070

56, 163, 71.'\
53,5 ,471
9G, 850, 124
5,896, 728

53,070,589
53, 5 , 160
83,500,591
4, 978, 758

31, SS6, 7SV
25, fi52. 07.1
5l. 7 15 . .111
2, -112, 51U

39, 360,828
4 , 294, 543
73,070.964
4, 54 l, 735

19,271 ,17 2
19, 725, 231
33, 6 3, 123
I, 979, 064

13,587
17, 842,057
5,823.9 17
42, 83

10. 977
6, 629, I09
1, 141 55 1
15,081

13,587

10,977
3. 724, 448

5,033.355

l, 823, 5;33

2, 56-1, 167
5,823, 917
42,838

1, OSI , 428

Source: WP A s tate offi ce reports.

8-1, 541 , 765

1~: ~J;: ~ir

2

2, 501, 797

10. 2 14, 535

103: 539:

~08

46, OS2, :HtJ
17, 30\1, 5 19
5 7. s.12. 254

13, W3. 0H7

7, V-10. 7:.ib.

_________ ., ---------- --.. -+ ----- ------ --

l, 14-1, 551
15,081

TABL E

V I IL -

AMOUNT OF

WP A

F U NDS A LLO C ATED , OBLIGATED , A N D ExPE: N DED ,
'r ll ROUC: 11 .l l'N E

:m,

ts:;
1.--:)

EHA Aet of ll139

EHA Al' l tor 1!13~

ERA Acts or IY3/i, 1931;, I93i , l93~, anrl 19:1\1

Obliga tions

E xpend itures

Allocati ons

Obliga tin ns
- --

Expl? nrlitu res

358, 189, 574

$8, 335, 274, 6ii

$8,254,491. 131

$2, 231,047. 067

$2, 22ti, 0/ib, 513

$2,224, 333, 550

b, 21~, 45i. 11 I

8, 199,022, 594

139, 732, 157

136, 252. 083

-14 . <1Jo. 221;

-1 3. :mo. 12;-..

Allocations
Total

$h,

\ \'or k Projects .A dminist ra tion

,\llocntions to Ft•<lera l age ncies und er ERA Acts or
193, nnd 1939 "
Dt•pa rt mt•nt or Agriculture
.\ gritultural Ad ju~tmcut A dmi nistra tion
Bureau of Agric. Chemi.;;try and Engineering_
B url'au or .\ gr icultural Economics
....
A gricu l t ural ~l arket ing ~t• n ·iC'e
_
._
B un'a u of En tomology and Pla nt Quara nti ne.

--- - - 221, 124

Fon•~t Sc rdce
_
___ _
Bureau or H om e E conom ics
... .. .
National Agr ic u lt ura l R esearch Cen ter .... .

Ru ra l EkctrifiC'at ion Ad m in istrati on

_____ __ _

D ept . or Comme re!'- f'oast snd Geodeiic Sur vey . .

......... .

3,h98
125,9 17
6i , , Ob
13, 353, 424
13,393, 640
784, 268
I, 149,337
365,382
13,724 ,660
58, 333
l , li6, 535

3o.si.
I===
=
IS, 964, 213

Departmen t of til l· JnlL'rwr
Bu reau of B 1ulog1c.:i l Survey
B ureau of F ishnh.•s
Otlice or India n Affai rs
Ge neral Land Ofli ee c
Nationa l Park Ser\'icc
Bureau of Rec lama tion
_
'Terr itories and Island Possessions:
Alaska Hall road
Alas ka Road Com mission ..... .. .. .... . .
..-\ laska-misccllancnus
Virgin Islands
U nd !str ihutcd
E xec ut iw omce or the P reside nt :
N at io nal Resources Plann ing B oard c __ _ __ __
D epartm en Lor Just ice

AGE NC Y

,-

Age ncy

Soil ConsL•n ·ation Service
W catht•r B urea u
Unclis tri hut t:<1

BY OPERAT I NG

Hl4 0

- 2, lb9, 877

&b9, 0b.o
(i ( ,

7-t.1

95, 625
14 ,015, 880
37, 2i 3
232, ifi2
8, 042
278, 453
815,225
334, 246

-- -

22:l. 2:H

3, ~98

vs, 9-13
42, 726

13, l!i3, 103
13,029, 5'13
175, 552

I, 0 19, 920
363,806
13,353,382
54 , 945
I, 152, 0 lf,

8, 122. i;25, , 02 I 2. 149,050, ; 50
131. 865, 369

81,996, 317

19, i 98
21, 310 I============
18, 408, i Si
17, F,25, 454
11,406,852 1- -2, 121, 030
1, 334,863
2,056, 906
811, 999
662, 283
i 85, 858
49, 165
42, 892
tlS, 349
r.2, 391
13,716.657
13, 294, 6i2
, 322,501
15,892
JO, 960 I ·····
232, i li2

232, 762
I, 136
241 ,846
76/i, 933
330,098

I

2, 145,372, 813 1 2, 144 , 136,079
Su, 685,700

•-·•
361.
69
-11,
-i 1,334 , 515
639, 240

I

s; :io:i; 611 · ··

232, 762

232, 762

iii:ioo

Jl 3, 360
40fi, 71 6
33 1, 49g

11, 340,0 12
1,334,062
637, 440
8,286, 097

1.-:x pentl itures

A

$1,509,360, 278

$1, 493, 702, 624

$1, 41 5, 19b,942

451,624,1 38

I, 438, 136, 241

1,363,53 1. 044

' 57, i36, 140

55, 566, ~83

51,667,898

lb, I !ti, 54 1
100,000

Ii , 107, 744

-99,92
- 1

15,921, 289
94, 827

98,943
42, 726
5, 685, i 55
6, 266,806
23 1,565
I 16, i22
197,281
4, 289, 179
54, 945
23, 901

9i, 130
3!i, 037
5,330, 875
5, 742,443
202, 143
103, 124
188, 121
4,054,663
51. 520
21.406

A

80, 197,471

41, V8 i , 205 ~ 3 13,li851~ 192,384 1~06,o.9 11i
127, 124
122,313
122,3 13
21,, 140
3, 898
3, 898
3, 898
3, 898
97, 130
---- ----- -35, 037
7, 470,304.
7,462, 964
7, 467, 408
12,793,839
6, iGI, 9i 3
0. 762, 737
12,504, 416
6. 774 , 229
544, ,576
543, 987
529, 172
i3 1, 315
914 ,39 1
933, 198
I, 01 7, 515
I. 00~. 200
354, 6Jfi
166,525
166, 525
166, 525
9, 039, 436
Y, 0fi4, 203
1:1, 094, 099
9, OS I, 294
51,520
1,086,650
1,1 36, 535
1,1 28, 11 5 I
1,065, U4

Obliga tions

.\ llocations

I

I,

125, 917
6i, i 0S
5, b83, 120
6,6 19, 411
239,692
140, I3i
198, 85i
4,643, 366
58,333
40,000
30,8 17

- -

21,3 16 1

19, 798

7,557. 361 _ __
7,047,0 18 _ _fi, 48:i,44 2
855,0 14
786,515
722,844
22G, 802
I 72, i 59
148, 41 8
42,892
6i , i45
49, 165
95, 625 1
68, 349
62. 39 1
5,41 2, 980
5, 008, 5i 5
5, 693,379
37, 273
15, 892
IO, 960

232, 762

~
t_zj

"O
0

~

0

z
~

0

0
~

t_zj
ifJ
ifJ

0

z
>-3

I, 136
128,587
3.19, 639

:i::

13, 149
14, 000
13, i l2
13, 712
1:J, 149
14 , 000
-•
--- -1
. . ... ~~~~==5=6,=I=3=0=l=====5.=5.=~=5=0=l=====55=.=.1=:J=
fl ====
5r,=,.=1=30= 1====
5,=,,=4=5o= l====.=
,.1=.=43=9=':::::-: .= ..=.=.=_=
..=.=. ,=.=.=.=.=. _=.=_==.=.=
__•I==.=.=_.=.=.=.=
..=.=.=_.•

>

..... ..... . ... .
3,500
A LLo rncy•G!'nt•ral', Ofl ,ce .
Burea u or I r iso ns
......... __ __ _
,12.1\30
Departm ent or Labo r- Burea u of Labor Sta t istics. = 2 . 811. 595
Li hra r yof C'ongrcss
......... .
254,944
Dt• pt,,ift lwNa,y-Burea u ofY ardsa nd D ocks.
24, i 6I. 030
. .... ....... ... .. . . I, 270, i 85
Feuern l Secum y Age ncy .
1, 082. 229
Oniel' of Ed uc-ation -·• ...... ........... . ...
Public ll ealt h Ser v ice
..... .... ...... .. .. .
188, 556
2,974 . ~46
D epa n me nL of the T reasury . ........... .... ... .
l:. S. Coast G uard
-··•·· ········ ·•· ·· · ·
Om ce or the Rcc retary O .••• •.••••.• . . . . . . •
Vr 1cra ns'A d mi n istration
.. ..... . . . ........ . ..
Ws r D epart ment
..... .. . ...... .......
Corps or Engineers ... _ . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .
q uarterm ost<•r Corps...
. .. . ....
F ederal Works Agcncy-P uhlicDuildings Ad mn

2,692
251,034
b07, 708
33 1, 49\!

406,837
334, 246

3, 465
3, 165
3, 5110
51, 985
51,fl,4
,12,H30
2, 729, 995- - --2-. ~ = 824, 839
254,.524
245, 1!1)3
13b.4·14
24, 485.294
24,0 l7.9fi4
14,7Gl.035
I, 2111, 283
1,207, 226 - - - 782. 044 '1,02 1. 72i
I, 018, 070
593, 488
11,l;,.oofi
lbH,556
188,556
2, l,l;(i, ,,.19
2, 86,S, ii3
2,0 10, X3 i

-1111, 210
393. 223
2, 51i4, 63G
2. 493,326
1,5.15. i l 2 ~m,WI
42,600, 159
41 , 407.0i2
3,044, 499
2,059, i 89
39,555,660
39,347, 283
8, 000 - -- 7, 8i2

386, 750
2,482,023
1,4 14, 504
39,f>00,898
I, 76i , 454
37,833, 444
i, 872

2,092
8, 042
137, H74
165, 093
I 13, 259
400,992
408, 388
406, 294
330,098 I== = = = = = = = ===

3, 465
3, 465 ...
_ . ... . . . ...
51,985
:,I,974 ...
---········
824 , 120
-821, 322
I, 986, i 56
138, 444
1:1., , 196
Jl 6, f,00
14, i 53.596
14, 745,323
9, 999,995
- - i48, 215 - - 74H, 128
4b8, i41
559,659
MO, 572 - - - 488,741
188,556
IM.5,16
J, 931\, 500
1, H34, 56G
964,009

... ......... ... ... . .. .... . .. .. .
-············ ··· _ -• ... ...... .
I. 90,5. 875
I. 77i, i02
JW.080
109.8117
9, 731, f.98
9, 272, 64 1
462,068 - -- 459,098
- -- 462, 068 - -- 459, 098
.... ..... .
- - - 950, 1149 ---934,°207

337. 009
332, 859
331,008
73,201
60. 364
55, 742
I, 6i3, 828
I, 603, 64 1
I, fi03 , 558
890. SOS
889,685
8i 8, 465
592,008
580, 122
579. 68i
963, i 04 =
s o o , m = 8 34, Sl i
25,088, 443
24, 073,516
23, i-J7, 861
17,511.7 16
li, 333,556
15,853,037
3,044, 499
2, 059, i 89
1, 767, 454 . . . ....... ....... ..... .......... ·
22, 043,944
22. 01 3, 727
21,980, 407
17, 511, 716
17. 333, 556
15,853, 037
8,000 - - - , ,H72 - - - 7. 8i~
------,------

I·.. .........

A T ota l allol'a ti ons do no t incl ud e $9,884,299 or 1938 Act funds which continued to be ava ilable for obliga tion d ur ing the 1940 fi scal year th rough provisio ns or the 1939 Act; of this a m ount $7,685,97ii was
ava ila ble for proj ects operated by Wl'A a nd $2,1 98,323 for Wl'A projec ts o pera ted by other F ederal age ucies.
.
" W l' A fund s alloca ted to olher F ederal age ncies for project and ad ministra ti ve ex penses under secti ons 3 a nd II or th e ER A Acts or 1938 ond Hl39, res pec11 vely.
c 1939 Act fun ds allocated to the Na ti onal R eso urces Plann ing B oard were transferred to the Ge neral Land om ce or Lhe D epa rtm ent or the Inter ior in Ja nu ar y 1940.
For the use or 1he B urea u or l □ L('r n a l Reve nue and the Di vis ion of 'r ax Research.

°

Source : U. S. T reasur y D epartment report on the status or funds and analyses of ex pendi tu res un der t he F.RA Acts or 193,i, 1936, 1937, 1938, nn<I 1939 as or June 30, 1910.

M

<:"O
"O
~

0

(;')

;ti

>

~

T AB LE IX. -

A~IOUNT 0t' WPA FuND:; EXPENDED F0 1t A c·r 1v1 '!' 1E s CoNDUC'l'ED BY \ V PA AND O'l' HEH FEDERAL A GENC I ES, BY 8TA'l'ts AND BY F 1~cAL YEAR

THRO UG H J UN E 30, 1940
Y ea rs Ending Jun e 30State

Year Ending Jun e 30, 1939

Y ea r Ending Jun e 30, !Y40

--

---·

G rand Total
1936

1937

A

A

1938

A

I

Total

A ctivities
cond u c ted
by WPA B

WP A activities
co nducted by
o th er Federal
age ncies c

Total

A ctivities
conducted
by WPA D

WP A activities
co ndu ct e d by
o th er Federal
ag:encies c

-I

Total
Al aba,ua __
.\ rizona __
.\rkansas __
C'a lifo rnia _.•
C'olo racto
Connectic ut
D ela w are
Di s trict o f Colum bia
Florida __
Georgia

Idaho ______
lllinois . __ ..•••
Ind ia na __
Iowa

Kansas
Kentucky
Loui ~iana
:\[ ainc
:l[arrland
~Iassachusrtt s
:l[ ichiRan

.:\linncsota
1' [ ississip pi
~\ri ssouri
.\l onta na
:si'e hras k a
\.1('\'ada

Ne w ll nmps hire
New Jcrsry
New I\!exico
New York
Nort h Carolina
Nort h Dakota
Ohio
Okla homa
Oregon
Pcnns yh·ania
Rhode [slanrl
Routh Ca rolina
Rout h llakota
Tcnn t'SSl'C

Trxas
l"tah
\ "nmont .
\ ·i rginia
\\"as hington
,rest Virginia
\V iscon ~in
W yGaiing

Alas ka
H awaii
P11Prto 1-{i c·o
Vir gin l "ilanrls

ll nd i..; trilrnli.·d IJ_y stat{·

I

$8,254,491,130

$1, 258, 130, 249

$1,818,130, 50 1

$1,427,374,309

$2, 230, 749, 993

$2. 157. 200,362

$73. M9. li3 I

$ 1. 520. J06. 078

$1, 4Gl , 790, 340

100. 345. 019
30,920, 166
85. 692,307
415. 521. 034
93. 269,848
89. 081. 560
8,896,493
35. 440,866
95. 994,675
106, 860. G69

13. 643. MU
4,8 12,888
10,924,407
70. 803, U4 I
16..505. 99:i
13. 545. 902
1,3 11. 8ti8
4. 0 15. 917
11. 404, 337
14. 48(i. 291

17,529,282
G, 515. 009
14. 72G, 096
100. 5i0. iiO
20, 29-1, 120
18. 730.5 17
1,617,706
.\ 5fi3. 830
15, 721. 399
JS , 494. 97 I

13,874 , 917
5,544,932
12. 248. 023
71 ,180,906
15, 190. 717
16, 102,842
I, 590. 628
4,904.026
15, 242. 704
14,956.532

28. 829, 353
8,271,599
25. 198. 835
97. 785, 785
23. 470, 100
25. 04 7, 097
2. 5 10,944
11 .313. 719
28, 763.9 17
31,989,572

28. 268. 53 1
7, 704,995
24. 298. 8 18
9 1. 955. 156
20,960,036
23,988.603
2. 320. 704
8. 847, 379
27. 771,260
30,146,844

560. 822
.5fiG, G04
900. 01 7
,1. 830, li2\I
2. 510. 064
I. 058. 494
190. 240
2. 466. 340
992. fi:i7
1, 842. 72b

26. 467. 92ti
5, 775, 738
22, 594,946
75, I 79. 632
17,807.916
15. 655, 202
1,865. 3•!7
9. 643. 374
24 ,862. 3 18
26, 933. 303

26. J 06, 821i
5. IGG, 9 10
22. 082, 354
ii , lb3, Juli
JG. 050 ..510
15. 2 16. 739
I, 788. 674
i. 122, (jQ]
23, .543. 097
2,5. 579, ,508

29,934.925
6 15. fo76. 200
246. 286, Y3S
83. 642. 999
98. 94fi, 355
125. 272, 261
101 . 1,54. 280
26. 073. 493
51. 052. 172
387. 473, fi29

4. 432, 01 5
8 1. 6:i l . il ili
40, 322. 31i:J
11 . 3fill. fiOH
J.\ 005, Ifill
13. 39 1, 22!i
J.5, Y3i', il fi
3. 981i. Oifi
R. 571 . b.19
.\3, 92,1. 003

•1. 275. 395
126, /i62. 973
5 1. 848, 690
Ii, 671. 79.5
2(i. 021. ti99
23. 929. 4HI
21.011.902
ii. 900. G47
11 , 9.14. OUb
91, 36,5, 070

5, 123. 830
107 ,039.0 12
44. 623. 142
1,5. 454. 633
Ii. 903. 4:i2
21, 202, 749
16, 43,5, 938
3,831.634
7, 190,098
68, 765, 431

i. 847,065
l 79. 554, 122
f, 7, 444,904
21. 993,713
22. 487,389
38. 898. 490
27, 133,368
6. 822. 92b
12. 610, 711
I03, 232, lfili

i. 075, 0 13
I ii. 837. 441
66,262.500
21. 737. 360
21. 455. 12.1
37. 592, 494
26,782.754
"· 323. 998
10. 022, 426
100. 810,480

772. U.52
I, 71 6. 681
I. lb2.404
25fi. 35~
I, 032. 26 4
I, 30.5. 991i
350. 614
498, 930
2. :i88. 28:i
2. 421 . 681i

i. 256. 1\211
120. 868. 327
42. 047, 839
17, 156, 249
l 7, 528,665
27,847, 37!,
20, 635. 35tl
5. 532. 208
10, 725, 491\
70. 185,959

ti. 549. 175
119, 586. 796
41. 539. 992
lfi. 886. 719
Hi, 324,83 1
21l, 596, 73 I
20,220,498
5. 033. 010
8,909, 437
fiR, 654,39 1

707. 445
l , 281. 53 1
507,847
269. 530
1, 203, 834
1, 250.647
414,858
499. 198
I, 816,059
1,531,568

350, 760. 902
194, i02, 303
76. 264, 857
243, 959. 661
55. iii, C41
79, 139. 21.1
i. 339. 593
2/i, 774. 307
320, 008, 03C
35. 032. 041i
1.157.354 ,334
82. 542. 271
46. 456, 554
616. 873, 844
137. 752. 963
58, 346. 470
8 14. 67tl. 0%
46, 079. 383
77, 543, 228
52, 5~ 1. 594

43, li33. 1171\
30. 040. 015
9. 002. 125
30. fi5 2. 292
Ii, 739. MO
8. fi88. i •W
I. 112,879
:i. 188. 419
4.o. 354. 739
4. 970. 656
253, 927. 61\9
10, 164. 282
4. 569. 073
87. 571. BIii
21,488.219
8. 556. 038
126. 82:i, 387
I\. 307. 8.\&
7. fi33. 473
.I. I 14 . 421
12. .IS,. t17H
2R. I I I. 10.1
Ii. I 73. 40.\
I. 934. :!211
9, fi94. 190
Iii. 501. 004
18. 490. 33.\
30, 501. 877
2. 388. 4,<,i;

57, 249, 02~
41,534, 75,1
14 , 402.992
52. 340. 893
11 ,580. 244
l .5. 682 ..,74
1, 598, 374
5. 948, 188
74. 032, 323
7,098, 142
313, 71 9,647
13. 091, 02:J
15,033.23 1
I Hi, 949, I 3H
3 1. 648. 497
12,951, 13fi
207, 832, 412
8, 303. 210
12, 138. 46b
17, 58 1. OO!i
l fi,fi i S, ii~
3(\, 866. 41 ii
7. 297. 1,1
2, 463. RliO
J2, 104 , iii-.
21. 15i;_ r,,4
27. 33.5, l 7Y
44. 588, 1,.,4
2. 9fi9, 489
'!., 3!):!
:l, ,1'.l:l, H0'2

59. 11 8, 520
35, 144 . 147
10,977,009
41,1 34,690
10, 8 13, 255
15, 405. r,3 7
l, 443, 88,1
4,4 42. 942
tiO. 464. 37fi
5. .I.Ii. 18(J

122,791.220
53. 166,377
21. 496, 967
ti8, 047. 427
l 6,652. 033
2 1. 112,484
I. 826. 285
7. 250, 519
83, 548, 544
8,740.379
239, 399, 240
23,810. J.51
JO. 329. 83:i
202. 091. 629
37,046.84 I
14. 4.56. 093
209, 181. 29 4
14. 27.1, 241
23, 742. 768
JO. 944. 574
24,198.830
.15. 2fi2. JO,
9. 984. oOli
4. 926. 4.52
lfi. SP.7. 194
39. 803,523
28. 913, 276
59,674 . 143
3,315. 578

121,341. 111
.12. 228. 02.1
21,027.374
66. 99f.. 022
J.1. 32 1. 931\
20. 34\1, 194
I. 744. :J.58
7,020, 576
80. 707. 854
8, 285. 336
234. 221. 727
22. i 51. 727
(/, 1\33. 7.51
20 I, 223. 006
35. 232. 665
13. fi58. 088
204. \109. 632
I:l. 94.\ (189
21. 869. 441
JO. 245, 382

I. 450, 109
938. 352
469 ..193
I, 051. 405
1. 330. 097
i63, 290
8 1. 927
229. 943
2. 840, r,90
4.15, 043
.\, 177, 513
l. 058. 424
696. 084
868,623
I. 814. 176
i 9S. 00.'l

Iii , 207,700
34. 013. 677
19,965. G54
:i l. 169. 33 1
8. 953, .515
Ii ..149, 882
1. 26i. 562
4, i92, 14i
54, 785, 523
R. 250. 472

761,358
803, 332
420, 110
Ii i.I, 02~
l, 032, 454
699,892
90, fi09
J.12. 092
I, 822, 52.1
4I.~.2li

329. 2:i2
l. \i l :\2;
ti9~. 1Y2

67, 969. 05h
34. 817,009
20. 385, 764
51,784.359
9. 985, 969
18. 249. 774
I. 358. 171
4. 944. 239
56. 608, 04S
8. 665,689
140. 341, 84b
24, 223. 362
8, 170. 254
103. 409, 490
25, 965, 484
11.375. 710
l 16,387, 217
9. 374. 695
23,230.382
9.013, 741

3, 1'11. 01 I
1, 027,358
564. 291
l , 147. 282
1,331.283
.134. 450
3. 491. ,126
39.>. 147
l , 3bl. 740

bi'2. 9b-l

22. 427,864

137.1 50.837
23. 1%. 004
7, 605. 963
102. 262, 208
24, C,34. 201
10. h4 l. 269
I 12. b95. 691
i-1 , 9i 9, ,148
21. 848,642
"· 284. 22.1
21. lll I. ,<.;94
!iO. 343, 042
7. /iOti. 1,32
2. 702. 422
12. 7:l3, 910
21, 2i 6. 9fi1
22. 094. 3ti7
37. bb4, 737
2,288,382

87. 364. 321
202. 103. 16b
37,934,093
14, 70 1, 541i
n3, r,94_ .s22
127, 6 1 I. 36.\
1w. 88n. 755
209. 897. 995
13, 483, 43 1
504,720
8,009. 174
4. 529. 1129

- --

··: :_·,

~-1-1 , Hf\-1
!lU, [1'2 1, ifli-.

ti, 1!'1 -I , Hhi

209, 00:i. 930
11. 25~, 453
8.354. 161
l06.85 1. i73
21. 603. 922
11 . 007. 484
l 54. 449. 78h
o. i 18. 379
JO, 798. 137
9, 8ii, 852
11, 473. 71-\H

28. 687. 939
Ii. 282. 974
2. 2GS. 28()
9. 901, 4.52
24. 209. 416
19. 872. 10,\
36, 751, 8 13
2, 170,970
18,469
2,0 15. 53fi

---- -- -- ------- -- -- --- -----:~. ~Hi
22
I
!), 120, 3lili
7, Y:.i:l, b~b

341. 922
2, 192, 592
8ill. 367
372. 447
22,97 1.077

' l11 <:ludts l'\PC J1d i lttrt •~ f11r proke:l s cqh·rated by 1)1{' \\ l'A,a nd \\' / ':\ n 11d :--J YA a d1111n i:-.lnt ll\l'l'\ JlL'Il SCs.
lncludt •s ex111' nd 1t 11 n• s fo r prnji •ct:-. op<.•ratcd b y tlw
I-' A, purcha.se
surplus clot h i n¥, aid to !--1:'lr-twlp antl

11

"r

'!'

n. :J2.1. 846

,\2. 23:i ..120
.~. fi2h, 43i
I..500. 730
14,381.443
35, 240, 125
28, fi62. 334
59. 045. 82 1
2, 960. 644
- II~
~. 1~1. 592
- 21, 1t1:l, hii

4. 2il , f\(;2

3. U2fi ..\bi,
1. 3!ifi. 31i9
42S. 722
2,42,1, i ,11

4. 563,398
250,942
628,322
354,934
342,040
I. 000
870,367
:l72, 447
I, 810, 21111

53.
8.
3.
15.

I 72. 459
195, i 2i
108. 62.1
186. 90b
22. 939, 938
22,275. 860
38. 381. 30!,
2, 638. 907
201. 943
I, 2i7. 144
:l, 658, 61i2
468. 20~
1:i. 342. 41itl

1

--

'f5b, 315, i38
36 1, LOO
ii08. 828
512,592
3, 99f,, 4lili
I, i 5i, 406
438, 463
76,673
2. 520. 773
l , 319,22 1
1,353. 795

Da, rd o n rrpurt ~ 1,r Lh~ U . s . 'l' reasur y D epa rlm cnt.

t_,-J

z
....ti
~

i29, ,11fi

:i l:i. !170
2, i,29, 417
:i9'.,9.I
4llti. 203
2, 452, 998
1. fifi2. 977
lbl. 493
49n, Sil
350,525
201 , 943

I, 2i7;i~ 4-r
1,337,58 1
15, 234

2,32 1, Ob i
1,12, 9G8

0, f13 1. bl8

~. '-1111, li4~
~

(·ooperatin• associa t 10 11 s, and \\'] ' A and NY A at1mini"trat1, l' 1·\Jw11 ~t•s .

c l nclud<>s e, 1,.•11rlil ur(•s fo r proj••tt s and admi n is tration made from WI' A fund s al!ocaled un dn sections 3 and ll of th e EHA A cts of 1938 a nd 1939, res pccti\'ely.
" l nc lu 1l<·sexpendit urp s for project s operated by WP A, t ornad o relief, purc hase of s urplu sclothin g,aid to self-h e lp a nd cooperatiYeassociations, se ttl em ent of propertydamagecla101s.anrl \\'PA a,lminist rat io11.
Sourc·c

>

',:j
',:j

~

TABLE X.-AuouNT OF WPA AND SroNs ons' FuNDS EXPENDED ON PR OJECTS OPERATED BY \ VPA, BY TYPE OF P noJECT , BY Soun c E OF Fo N Ds , AND BY
OBJE C'r OF EXPE N DIT U RE
I-'
CUMUL\TI VE Trrnour. ir J UNE

30.

t:v

1910

f+'-

\\ ' I' .\

Urantl Total

~ponsor.s· Funds

Fuuds

Amount

I

Percent

I

I

Total

Amount

JI igh\\ ay.s, road:,;, and :-. t !l't'h
Pr11nary road s
Farm-to-rnarh.et u11d other :,;e('ondary roads

~trcets and alley~
cJther
Pt1hlic bui!din~~ -

-- - - - ----

Educational
Other ___

I Percent
Of total

Percent
of gran<l
total

Amount

WP.I
fund s

Percent
Of total

Amou nt

~POD!-iOrs'

funrls

~3. l

IOO . 0

$7,784, 963,583

$6. 9 15. 348, 760

88. 8

$ 1, 793, •I 18, 553

18. 7

$ 1,489.540, 937

3, 727, 392, 468

38. 9

2,931. i3i. iHJ

2,5 12. 102, 583

86. 7

795,654, 74 9

21. 3

6iG. 329, 26 1

b5. II

120, •173, 192
I, 507. 251,445
1. 075, 937. 84i
663,729,984

4. 4
16. 4
I I. 2
6. 9

359, 3:J7. 80•1
I , 197,340,854
8G2, 97:J, 650
5 12,085, 41 I

3 H , 3 15, 166
I , 035, 673, 772
735,800, HI
•l 56, 313,504

87.
86.
85.
89.

5
,\
3
l

6 1. 135,388
369, 910, 59 1
2 12, 964, 197
151,644 ,573

H .5
23. 6
19. 8
22. 8

50,720, 74 5
3 14 ,0 15, 2 H
182. 575,372
I 29, OIG, 930

8:J.O
h4 . 9
t,5. 7
o5. I

998, 896, 803

10. I

767,997,900

677 , 694, 7 12

88. 2

230. 898, 843

23. I

194, 125,887

b4. I

339, 19G , 701)
il59. 700, 097

3. ,\
I).

247, 800, 29:J
520. 107, on 7

220, 4i9, 99 7
'4 57 , 214, 71 5

89. 0
87. 9

91,396,4 13
139. 502. ·130

26. 9
21.1

77, 102,432
117,023,4 55

1,4, 4
83. 9

~\J, ,\78, 3b2. 13G

Total .

Non labor

Tc11al

Labo r
Type ur Proiect

9

~
t,;
'ti

0

~

0

R el'renlional fac·ilit1t1 s, O\t·l udin).! liui\iling:-

855, 246, 233

8 9

713,329, 295

61G, 93 1,85 1

87. 0

111. 9 16,938

13. I

89, 707, 120

80. 2

:,;e\\f' r systems and nthe1 11u!1t1t•s

964, 7-12, 0 14

JO I
2. .,
Ii 7

i!Jii, 90 I , 82t)

(iff{, 971. 3 lfi

88. 2

20i, 74.'i, 2 19

2 1. !'1

I 72. 552, ;50

b3. I

16 1. l oO. :JOii
.\3 1, 13 I. ;23
!I I. 379, 7H!i

I 12. 200. :H:l
471, l S:l. 3 711
.~·I, :.t2i, (l:J3

86. fi
81,. ;

08. 3

73, 2 111, 660
111. 9 17 , 7ti4
22, f> l2, ;95

30 ,
l'i -I
:?f. H

62. 352. 15,\
90. 524, 825
19, ti7:i , 770

85. 2
so. 9
,; _0

I 12, fi5ti. 2:!~

71. I

•19, t;(l3 , 731

~,

....

45, 6 71i. IO,

91 !I

!i2, ,\9 1, !i92

1:u1

11. 969. 25f>

i~ h

-,:

12 Ii
Ii . l

28,634, 81:l
13. 334. 44:i

b2. 4
74 . h

:i

~~). 2

~8. 122. !i~l

9:l. f,

I:?. 2

184,09 1. .\ )!i

;3 , 5

II II

11:J. 121. :il O
'22, :t:J l .:lil:{
'27, Ofi~, /-14
8 , \J l 2, 05ti
I, Ills, 26-l
83 7. h87
2. 15/i, !i54
29A. 732

,vater purifieat1on and ~uppl)
,'-iewa~e c:o Jl ectinn and dispo-.:tl

'237. 39fl, 9fifi
li !:J, 352. 1,;
h:i. HH:!, :iVl

Other

I) _ \I

-

Airport s nnd air ways

21111, !iO!i, 4:i:l

:! I

li\O, , 1 I. 71\!

( 'Ofl'.'iCrVR ti Oll

37,l, 5,!i, ,\0 1

10

:J2!i, \19:l 90\1

:!iii, l:iH, 3f>:~

Laad and wntt•r t·Onse n a t ion
Other ..... .

111:l, 141\, 1-lh

2. !l
I I

201, 12C., 069

2. I

Proft.• ss iorrnl nnd se n il·e

2, 0.\9, 92f,, 688

:!I fi

( ' nm munit) sl'f\ u·t>

Mm. :m 1. G3 1

~ani tation ____ ___

---

2 11. :iso. 5,1,;
8 1, fi l :J, :ti',:{
----I fiO, 701, >-.O.',

-

P,1IUttltiOll

lletren1.io11

l,ibrary _
1\ Luseum

Art. ...
l'vfusic
\Vritin ~
H esea rt h and record s
Resea rch ancl sur n•y,;,;
Puhlic record s
11 ii- to riNll r eco rd s -.1 1r vey

---- ----

--- ------ -- --

Sew in ~---- -- - " ' r lfnre, cx('ludin~ ~ew ing ____ ______ _ _

--- -- --

Public hea l! h an,I hospital work __ .
Prod uction

U ousekeepin g aide . _____ __________ __
ll ousehold workers' trainin g ________
~rhoo l lunches
Di '-t ri hution or surplu s co mmodities

Other
Mis('el) aneous u

------ ----- -- ----------- ----- -- ---- -------·-- - --- - -

~on, :1 1'2.

28,\, 109, 1162

~- - 5

207, 1:i l, 711 ~
i'i, 977, :Hh
92. 2
==
I .~2. :l2:,.., 9fi2
9-1. 8

-

7:l I

I , li!)H, :t!i!J, 1 17

Ii:?

ti l :l, l .'10 . 7:ili
lfi.'l, a~JO. 'Lf1!'1

I H
1.0

1Vf1,'.l~ l , 'iii
l !'l7, ,10:!, fi'i '.!
I 1:l, ,\211, 47,1
iii, UfiO, 11;,r,
1!1, 187, ,\ !~
2:3. 19:1. f\~I
.'1fi, (j.t:J, 361
I~. 28/i, !I01

Dfi 'L
H7 fi
9X. 11
Yli 7
94. I
97. I
(J.\t)

:J I.\, 71 2, 11 5
207, !fl!. G58
11 9,302,88 1
19. 24 ·1. 873

97. 2
96. 3
98. 9
9.,. 8

I.

:?. n

9:J. 9

91-i.A

I 92, 773, 120
183, ;J!,1, 'JI I
\II, 5 1:l. I:l.\
22, i IO, ~0.'1
25 ..\95,0li l
fiQ, 78R. 13h
19, fi29. l li4

0. 2

I 17, I Iil,!i.14
7~. ,5(j5, 1;:-11
HI . ,:J:J, 2~H
"2l , fl53. l :J I
30H. Xfi I
19. 2.13. oo:i

11 3. 08 1. 8H
~52, 143, 71 l
110, Ofil. 784
20. 876, 3·19

4, :i
2. fJ
l 5
0 2

:J5!i. '32, 29,\
2 15. 1.\ 1, 721
I 20. 59-1, 751\
20. 082, Sl h

fi32, 908, 404

fi . fi

58ti, 74,\, HU5

!i )\ I ~

)',,)',, fi

312. 2ss. sor,
fil. 123. 3:JO
6 1. 11 9. 9 10
r,3_ 137 . 023
~- 028, '85
5 1. 786, 805
71,492,023

3 :i

255, 239. 933
50. IOI, 60 7
54, 76-1. :J21i
60. 701. 5 13
2,771, il l 2
34, 52·1, 401
52,376, 4-M

'2 Iii. OOH, H-18

9fi , 4

19. 2-17. 903
52. 4 79. 9 I I
60. 138, !i57
2, 5,\5, 408
32,932, 781
48,652,358

98. :1

fl 2

0. :i

r,~.

0. f1

0. 6
0. fi
0. 7
(')
l), f,

0. R

10.5. 2M, 000

I. I

191, f.110. P.7 '/

2. 0

j

98. 3-13, 965

92, ,13 1, 456

l3R,077.- fil7-

131. 198. 268

34, 75:,, i9i"
l'i. ;,...12, 795

--- ~ =
40,'ilh, 2'1 1
- - - - - - - ---

---

~!iO, liJ :l, % 4
-8:l, ~ IO, ,Os
'.!.'i, :i~'L. ~fi.'1
:iii, 2:H, 7,\7
12. \J.17 , 751
:?, 877, r,7i
0 11 , !110
2,479,87 1
:iifi , 16 1

95. ~
99. I
92 2
Y,1. -t

92 9
91. 0

~j

,17. :t.rn, ,1·19

11 '2
Hl. X

I-I.I
1'2. 7

:i. i
I.I
I. 9

------iITi
It. 7
13. !l
3. H

28,2 18, 454
16, 756,354
IO. 841. fJ83
fl20. 4 l i

46, 11)'2. fiU!J

7 :i

44 , fi40. i :i4

57, Oil,, 87:l
I I. 02 1. 723
r,, fi55, 6 H
'2. 731l, 280
257, 27:i
l i , ~1\:2, 40-l
19, 11 5. 579

lh :i
! KO
10. h
1.:1

:Jli. %X, 990
19. lfJ,,028
793, ,\3 I

---

-

6, 9 12, 035
53, 5R:J, WO

49. 3
45. 3
55. 7
•~. 2
9fi. 7
7fi. 5
47. 5
88. 6
72. 7
87. 4
9 1. 9
i2. 9

li57, 26 1
231. 315
897.1\74
988. 759
22-1, Rl I
W. :l8 1, 365
I 3. 933. '.J0 7

1-1 . .')

fi.fi
28 0

Ii~. )',,

.lfi. '2
89. 0
h7 0
ib. H

43,
.,,
5.
l.

:!3. 3
26. i

I

, .~. >-,

RI. 2
i4 . 'i

J

4, 453, 506

4fi. 966. 1s ,

fi-1. 4

I

8i 7

A Less tban 0.05 percent.
n I nclud es o. dju stni cnt or \VP A e'< penditures to total reported b y the 'rroai--1tr ) I l ep,.1. rt m ent; sponsors' expenditu re._ fo r hrnd. la nd leases, eRsement~. nnd ri ~hl~-of-way , for which the- distribut ion hy type
or projcict is not an1 ilnhle : nnd proj ect s not incln<le<l under th e hend in gs Abo ve.

Sonrre:

,v PA s1,ntr offic·e report s.

'v

~

0

C;

~

M
(fJ
(fJ

C

M

S:

'ti
~

'ti

~

,..,

S3

>
~

TARI . ~:

XI.

- A,11J UN1' OF

\,V PA

AND S1•0Nsom-;'

[c uND.~ l•: xl'E"Dl~J) ON P H0 ,11, ( " l'H OPEl1\ 'l'E:D UY
OBJl,; C1' 01' EXPEND l 'l' U RE

YE\ R

\ V P A,

BY 'fypi,; OF 1'1tOJJ,;( " l', IJ\

So U l{('E OF i" uN o s, AND B Y

J t'N fo. . 30, JOW

ENDING

Sµou~ors' Funds

I\" I' I Funds

(hand 'l'otnl

N onlabor

'l'ota l

La hor

---------1-------,----1-----

'l'ype or Project
Amount

Total

Percent

Amount

P ercent
or tota l
WPA
run rls

Amount

P ercent
or grand
total

Amou nt

Percent
or total
sponsors'
funds

$1, VO:?, V-IV, iii

Tota l
U iglnvny s, roacls. and stn'l'lS
Primary roods
Farm-10-markrt and otlwr Sl'tondary roads
St rP1 1 ts anrl

Other

nllevs
·

i9I , 8(j:J, 207

100. 0

$ ! , 408,571,637

$1,289, 469, f,19

91. 5

$494,378, 134

2G. 0

$414 , 06I, 137

6
6
0
I
9

5tl I, 179, 03 1
49, l.i3, 52',
274. 161. 647
I 19, 1)70, 802
90_ 003_ o.;4

505,90 1, 142
H 38 1. 075
21:l, 639, li4 l
134, 436, 701
, 3, 143, 112.1

89. 7
90. 3
hi,. 8
89. 8
91. l,

227,684, 176
20. 395,024
106,616, 66-1
60, 787, 195
39,885,293

2~ ~
2<J. :l
~ -0
28. 9
30. t,

197,883, 774
17, 125, 92ti
92, 424, 540
53, 358, 574
34,971, 734

91. 2

30. 2
:H.IJ
28. I

47, 9111, 020
I~. f,7(1, Sti~
29, 03G, 4!ili
--21. 725, 21.1

•ll
3.
20
II.
6.

r,9_ ,;:i,. :,.12
3~1. 071'. :JI I
211J, 4.17. 997
130, 7oll, :14 ;

Puh lic h111ldings
Edm·nt iona l
Otlwr

183, -I-ti , b97

9.1)

12H. I 13, 04fi

63, 99,1, 157
I 19,452, 7 IO

3. :i
6. 3

42, 221. 7-1~

l lG, ',52, no
:i~. 397. 15:i

65, s&;, 29S

7~. -l55. 077

90. 9
91. 3

55,334,85 1
21. 770,409
33, 564, -l-l 2

R .-<·rc•at io11ul faL·1litirs, l'\(• lud111 1! buildings

11 9, 339, 923

6. 3

9:l, 008, 294

8 1. !iS I. 170

HO. Y

2G, 33 1,629

22 l

~,,,,,,r ,y:-. t, •ms ,md ntlwr 11t1ltl1t- :o-

199, ;,J,, i; IO

10. ,;

1-13, 2~1. 5211

J:ll, 070, ,1\1\l

VI 5

:ifi, 5{)7, 11-l

2, :i

-17. :mo, :rna
130,845.0 13
21,ljQ:l, 2:H

2. 5

~ I, 102. Hi7
9ll, 263, 73,,
11, \11 5, 624

2ti.7;jl,il:{

91. 124. 456
13. 21I. 130

VI g
9 1. 8
ss. 6

1,, 2,s. 191;
31,58 1. 300
6, f,87, 610

IU, 199, Gi:?

SG. 2

\\"atn purifll·ation and s uppl)

:-;t•wngt' c:ollt>c:tion and disposal
Otlwr

6. 9
I I

A1rporl s and ai r ways

:l i , 2iU, 150

2. 0

22,261, 788

( 'unsl'r\'HI 1011

64, ,1,, ',1 9

3. 4
2. I
I. 3

511. 130. 110

l 5, 58~. l it1

:i I. 273, 05.i
HI. 157. 055

2i,H9,771

90. 4
,;_;,

I,, 139, IOI

94 7

39, ffi2, 117

Land an,l watl'r t·ons1•rvation

25. HG. 702

Otlwr
Snmtat1on

Proft:ssio ual and s1• n·irt.•
Community Sl' n ·ice
EduC:'atioa
HL•cn.•a tion
Lihrary
.\l"u srum
Arl
.\I usic

21. :\1 7. GI 7

20. nofi. no;

3flS, I~ J. 207

:i.,n. 202. t n

<! ,). ti

6. 9

103, h2h, 5Iii

lllll, 093. 113h

Uli. -1

I 9
2 3
23, 160, 703
I 2
;, zs,, .103
0 4
5, 752 330
0. 3
11 , 5,7. ll05
11 G
0 2
:l. 092. 429
,). 2
%, 174, 11,1
5,5, 78 l.!i77
2 H
I 9
35, 7b9, :io:1
0. l
G, 903 -l',1
I 18, 13:\, lili:! _ _ _6_.2_
1
till, 114. ,55r,
4 7
13, i,f,3, \100
0. 7
0. 8
15,324, 9fl0
20, 72:), .545
I I
I. o
I. I
0 ;

2S. ,i l3. 65:l
31. H60, 281
I g_ 752. 38fi
r,, 110,277
,1, I 73, 87'
IO. 02,i, S,i9
3, 392. 242
80,171 .884
4'1.771. 09 1
29. 10,. 299
ll. 2~<J. 49 1
tQ:J. ,,3~. 209
6\1, hl.1, Of.I
IO, 328, ; 42
13, ll74. 310
19, S52. 060
691.i. 5li
12, ;,54_ 50 1
I3. 33S, 93-1
10, ,oo, 474

I 3

Ii, 296,018

~I. 7-..,-..,, 136

l.G

1,,1_ 11~:l. 001
1:lt. ~9~. :l2:i
3!i, 39.~. 52 1

23. i'

I

4~. 717, 17 1

\\'ritim!

Rest•n rc:h and records
Hesr~rch and surn~ys
Puhlic reco rds
Uistorieal n·eord -. sLir vPy
8Pw1ng

\\' i•Hnn•, Pxelullm~ sPw in.l!

f'uhlic health and hospital wo rk
Produetion
IJousckeC'ping nidP
LJ ousehold wo rkns' training
_
:,chool lunches
Di st ribution of su rplus commodities
Other_

ii'l. Oi2

19. 250. 830
20, 178, 2 W
12. 460. 996

I

2.1. 490, f,98

~fi se(• llanrou s n

(')

I

2i, 102, 152

:JO, 832. (l~;
!,, 2 IS,3:'i0
,;, m9. n6
•I. 888, ~G,
9. b2-t , !JiG
3, 276, 07 '-i

7K 583. 69S
13, 524, 484
28,962, ~6"
ll, 096, 341i
H'.!. 230. nm
jj-..,, lt-L1. 91lfl

10,225. '-ii{

U!l.

~

\15. 0

Qi . 3

Oti. ti
9-1. :\
9-.., O
Vii. ii
}) 7. 7

UI . 2
9~. ,1
96. 9
l-\9 l

:!
\1,
\!1JO
!Ji

I

n

86. 9
84.0
Su. 7
87. S
~7. 7

--i>ti. G
86. 7
86. 5

----

,2. 5

:1~ Ii
2-1 I
31 II

',4 2
4
bl 6
87. :\

15, 017,662

40. 3

14 , 100,005

93 9

11 , 3:,8, 709
8,399,062
5, 989, 641

22 2

It , 590. 255
7,118,352
4,471.903

bO. f,
b4. ,

8. 270,5 19

21. '-i

20,269, -192

3, ,;3,;_ 15',
2. 2511, ll50
I. 173, 1%

2l.:?
23.,

7-t i

611, 2,1 , 014

73 0

21, 2Gt,, H~! i

21. 7
27 I

6,507, r, 19

~

20. I

3,255, 31:l

~. 71!',. :35!1

I ii. 2

71 fi. 757

IO. I
13. :\

509. 1111
1. 339. 2711
222. 25~

'I

lo. 3
19. 7

82
73.
119.
liO.

i'h. ()

1'2 I

1:l,h91. 0:11

95. 2

:1

15. 03H, :?hi
l, .1Hf1, ;J()f1

\17111
\19 ,1

~. 3911, 32\I
6,839,3 15
J. 6GO. t,25

IS, 166, 5R t

,g 4

8. 19 1.fi.',O

32. I

~

1,5. ,

.1:).-1

466, 5iU

%.6

H

,s. '
i-1 0
fiO. 1
9.012, fl:J2
5,043, 92:l
3,532, 113(}

II i
5. i
V 7

C,

~-1

... q

2;i. ,:;

'1i
'-c
t,J
%

5
5
I
b

17 \

2:?.

>

---- ---93. i
i, 753, 171
--- ----

]', :i

:1:i. 2
33 \I
13 :!

74. 555

:-,j

21. :t

12, Gs3. 782
l'l, 374, s&G
620. 073
12, 472, 720
13. 268. 638
10,019,307

YO I
s9 II

---

47, GIO, 14b
15,989,378
25, 765, 92 1
5,854, b46

82, ,i98, 79-1
2,~. (Jf,8. 749
7. 884. S68
It . 856,893
4,708.377
I. 17...,, 226
.171', 452
I. 561. 746
300. lb,
lo. 002, 577
t I. 007, 58G
6,381.00 (
613, 9S7
11 . 597, 15 1

un. ~

b3. 9

l, 9S5, 7:lli
,1 2, 115
6:\.02'.!
,;, 9:iO, 1139
4,601.013

7-1 2

45. I

, ,... 2

71. ',
,, 2
9:l.11
Iii. 3

112 ')
I, Ot:?. 22,
=-:.=
I,,

001, ,0.1

73. 2

,......
I_-..:)

I..1 •ss than U.0:1 1wrcl•11t
u rncludes acljustmt>nl of \\' PA cxpt ndn un•s to tota l n•portl'd by tlw Treasury
or projett is not O\'Oilahlr; and projPrts not irn•lud t•d u1ul11r ttw lwad11H!S aho\'c.
:-;onn•p: \\"PA statt.• omce rrports.
A

1

Dl1 partnwnt,

sponsors' 1•x 1wnditures for h\n<l . land lt as1•s.
0

l'OS1• 11 11•nb,

nnd rigbts-of-wuy, fo r whi('h lht> d1strihut1on hy lYPt'

C;t

l 26

REPORT Oi'\ PROca m .

T ABL E \. II . -A ., 1o uNT

OF T H E WPA PRO GR A)I

F \V PA AN D ," r oN:-; OR s' F' uN o :-; J;; xP E D ED ON P 1t OJE c -r.· OrE RAT E u
BY
' o R C E OF F UN D S, AN D BY
BJ ECT OF E XPE N D I TU R E
C U M U L AT I V E TII ROUG U J UN E

BY

WP A , A r

1'A TE ,

30, 1940

WP A Fu nds
La bor

Sta te

Tota l

- - - - - ---1------ ---- _, ___ _

Crand T otal

T otRI

Pr•rcr n t

ol tota l

Amoun t

ll' J' A

Amo unt

-----------·1-------1-------1--- ---

.<\.l abama _
A rizona

,>7, 7~4. 963. 583

!;5. ~~S. UD4

C'aliforni~
Colorado

4 iU. 960 ..12 1

lOV. OOY lb'J

ZS , 1< 5, 795
80, 42\l, ,;o3
390,592, 2%
b5, 6L\, 909

Co n nec ticu t ___________ _
__ _
Delaware

!OS, 679. 4 '2
9, /1'/, 114
3;;, 6IU b03
11 2, 7~, /U.~
I 2.5. ;12~. /14 I

84, 2D7, (j-19
133. 0,1:,
29, 24,, IQ!
·~, OS9, 570
11 . !fi3

A r ka l]Sa<;

D1st rictofColu rnbia ___ _
Florida
_ ---------- ---_
Georgia
_______________
I daho __ _
lll inois_
Ind iana

88. 8

~0. 6H , 939

84. 4

-- -----,-------,-------!
125, 3~0. 53 1
3\J, 785, 4 4
IIJ0, 1109, 377

I

s.

a~.

--- ----- -

$1\, 9 15. 3 18, 760

,\ 18
411
, 4i;
411!

&9. IJ
t-,:{. 7

77 ,765.820
I. 517,742
20, 123.
76, 21. ~7~
4, 279, r,42

92. :i

25, 0~7.
G7 , 3M,
348, 352,
75,531.

~u,

'9. '!
h8. 2

n .4

00 3

.S6. 2
85. V

359,
639.
732,
' 8G,

104
~69
397
937
969. 023

87. 2

11 6,929,330
95, 976, 4 2
23. 293, ~~,
41, 650, 1%
370, 7.14. 7Pt--

98, 35,\, :H 7
83,056, SH
20,22 1. 660
37, 280, ~.\6
349, 3G2, 738

84. I
S6. :,

303. G42,
166,553,
,18, 56G,
206. i4 9,

64, 09fi, 3\JU

339, 66 1, 7n
I 6.8 19, 235
71 , .\47, 14S
234, 522, S97
50,670, 3r,o

97,825, 019
9, 721,2 11
30. 538, 254
379,6 13,2 19
40,3 10. 122

74,642. 774
6. 57 1. 5l,2
24. 3o9, 24:,
305. 64-1, 004
32,068, ~26

65.
5,
22.
28 1.
27,

I , 3 15, 7S6, 536
102,551,56 1
55, 362, 35,
70G, 46 1. lil l
IGI, 540, 170

I. 107,374,043

Oregon _ _
Pen osyh·ania
H bode Island
South Caroli na
Sou th D ako t,1
'l"'eonessee ___ _

38,092,737
736, 053, 46Z
290, 68·1, 70 1
l l I. 139. 001>
120, 048 , O,J6

26. 777,
5%. 97fl,
23 , 186.
79, 9S6.
92. 481.

14 i. llS, a50
120,990, aes
2\'. 557,070
5-\~ 215
439. ,5Ga, ,,93

1\ f ichi~:1n _
1\1inncso ta
M ississippi
:.\1 issou ri
M onta na

415,5 15, ~;l7
234,730. 8G
99, 0i G, 75 7
279,4 15, \!22

Ne bras ka

Io w a ___ _

K:1nsas
Ke ntucky
L ou i!--iana
;'lf ai nP

1\f ar ylanrl

i\1 assac h USPL lS

YUY
G79
119-~
034
736

23,
523.
2 I3,
70,
7S,

7V,
48 1
2G I
407

4!'), 46fi. i' 2fi

87. 7

89. 7
•G
85. 4

Pt: rcc nt

Amou nt

io ta !

l u nds

Tota!_ _______________________ $9, 57R, 3 2, 136

P ercent
of ~ra rnl

Xonlahor

_ _ _ ,_ _ _ _ _ _ - - - -

$ 1, 7Uo, !I S, 553

$ 1, l 9. 54U. 93 7

83. I

:-sv. 775

86. 2
77. 2
87. 5
74 . 6
85. 8

2!1.~!::il. 1)27
11. 63V, 9
H.I, .17\J, 17·1
U, 3f'S, 2~5
23. :;!1~_:,, o

23.b
29. 3
19. 6
18. 6
2 1. 5

25,

2 1. 38 1, o:J.l
I, (j,\3, 2jli
G 36'' ·o·>

20. 2

1 , 957 . 167
I. 322. 692
3. \JJ!. 6.57
20. 4:16, 7 ' 5
24. 911'.i . r~~ l

2:;; o6ii: i:;ii
27,390 , 7,

11.3 11.,21,
139, 1173. ;1,4
52. 498, li03

of tota l
sponso r.:.'
funds

JG. 9
17. 9
21 0
2 1. S
29. 7

l'. 9

31 , 152.~74

IS. I
2s. O

~- 9 3,005
17. 132, 125
66,627, [:;()
20. 076, '.?26

!J. 217. -Ll
%, 570, 439
-t 6. 7 ·.:,, {)
25. Y54. .i ll
2-1, 3 12,941

88. 7
0. 0

I

61.

86. 3
91. 0
2. 0
69. 4
S9. I
83. 3

-.2

2i .5fi6. 32'1

23.fJ

:io,

1,v. 212
2,i. 014, 021;

20, .~

20. 7

2.;, o:io, J 40
21. 350. 240

83.:,
9·1 2

253. 1! 1~
11) -3s O')'I

us· S10: sii5

2 1. 2
1(1, 4
15. 7

5,087,032
7,621.3 17
J~. 4U2. fd2

85. 0

b~.:
89. 1
~L U

7'5, :-.:1:t 7tH
47, SSI, li5 1
27. 529. 1;()9
44 , , 93, 025
13, 426,030

l .3

56, f' G. 532
40, .t5V, 732
24.3 ti.GOO
37. 4>,9. 512
I l. ,j37, 9-

4. 5
88. 6
3. 5
85. 9

19,89 1, 24 6
2, 5!.li, !Ji ~
5. 00.5, 734
6.t , 02:3, 727
i , :?(Ji, ti03

85. 8
2. 3
SI. 4
86. 6
88. ,\

I 5, ➔~-L Uti2
2·1, 50-1. 263
10. 993, GiH
S6. JO;;. lo,
29, 771. [l,S>J

9. 0
9 1. 6
89, 4
8 1. 7
8 1. 5
4. 5
~7. 4
S6. fl
90. 0

s1,.o

~2
S9. 7

Ii,

20. 4
27, 8

1G l
20. 9

74. 7

497, .o3 1
~2S. 223
500. 51>
5G l , 321
296 . .o l 2

Si. 7

.,

23. I 2. ~4-i
3. 1.;5, u29

92. 3
92. I
85. I

tj, 14P. OOG

9i4, 0%. 1,4!,
64 , gs1;, 920
37. 20•1. G1V
544 ,311, Ibo
108, :Ho, 011;

ho. ti
S5. 7
, .4
90 6
o4. G

20 ~. 412, 4V3

15. -~

75, 790, 100
43, 06,\, 275
600, 87~. i 6 1
128, 023. 1;70

2H. 7{il. ;j 71
12,297, 083
105, 582. ~50
3fi, 5 16,500

22. 2
14 . 9
22. 2

69.315, [ '5
894,919,000
55 , h4~. 723
92. 2sr,, 77 1
62. 243, 44 0

54, 473,046
7 3. , 0. og4
4-1, i0~. 9 12
70, 84G, 750
4S, 925, S58

49 3 11 GUS
714: 211:C 5
43, 41i,\, li03
6 1. R4\I, f>93
41 , 021;, 23:,

90. :\
91. I
97, 2
Si . 3
85. 5

14. 842. 139
Ill , 138. !I.iii
11 , 140, o i l
21, 440, 1121
13,3 17, 5S2

2 1. 4
12. 4
21. 4

12, 540, 502
97, 153,539
9,6,3 107
19, 299. 271
II. 55 . 081

21,(i, 3 17
793, I 94
l i-2, 089
425,06 1
0 It), 1)54

8 1, 350, 958
IRS, 92\J, ,\43
34. 25G, -162
13, 0 '4, 2D5
5f>. 322. 63S

67,95 1,946
153,504,341
30, 92,\, 993
12, 333. 3I'l
48. :Jao. 203

83. 5
2. G
90. 3
94. 3
7. 4

37. U35. 35V
G2, 863. li5!
12, 925, li27
4. 340, 7{;jj

Vi rgin ia. _

119,
248,
47.
17,
73,

31. 8
25. 3
27. 4
24. 9
24. 2

2.S. 11 . GU5
52, 207. 47-t
111, 70 1. 71 2
3, 400. -IH
I-I .SH ~70

\V ashi ngton
\Vest Virgi nia
\V iscoosin
\V yoming

147. 253. U5fi
I3C. 307, 1l24
252, 1 ; r,, 37
17, 2'J3. :l25

11 6,674 , 120
Ill . 746. 2 1
201,932, r,7 4
12,007, 134

107, 172. 11 19
9
'7, 585
IS2 12G. 426
10, 288. 289

9 1. U

20. S

.5

I .0

90. 2
85. 7

19. 9
30. 6

21 /7 1. 400
21. '{tj7, 719
41 , 3%, 317
4, 428.3 17

S7. 0
S2. 3
3.

20, 743
l l, lY(t, Y.SS
I. ,u7, OG4
!9, 249

20, 743
7, 17 , 935

Iii, 20,
6,565.9 78
I , 086. ,J(,J
18,602

93. 0
96. 6

33. 2
33. 9

2, 3 1. 1)23
4ol .5G9

76. I
75.l

~evada

New H am p,;,;hire
New Jersey
New M exico
New Y or k
__________ ____ __ __ _
No rth Carolina
'.'fo rth Da kota
Oh io __ _
Oklahoma

Tt.~xas. ______ _

lltab _______ _

\ 'er rno n t_. _

Alas ka
l l aw:.111
Purr to Hi co

\' ,rgin [sla n ds

lfoct ist r!bu1 cd by s ta le'-- - -------

4, 32 1, 417 1

0

l, lGS, 155

19,249
4,321, 417 1

73, !/6~, 245
. 2-tl . 296

Ii , 5q~. OHi

23. 7

8 2. 9
85. 4
QJ. 2
71. 0

32.
20.
19.
20.

4
I
5
4

2f-i. J

,~. 9

23. 2

Sfi. 8
i 4. 1
83. 0

2.
80. 4
2. 2

Sl. O

49. 2
8 7.

3, 721 , 023
598,909

4, 3 14 . 797

A [a rlur!cE suppl y fund an rl tPx: tiJ P arc9u nt arl jt:stmcnts , anrl ceot r 1 offic<~ µrojPcts .

Source: \ V P A ex: pend itur s based on reports CJf the rr rcasur) J)epartmenl ; :--µonsor3· t::X peaditures based on \\· p A statr o ffi ce reports.

127

APPE NDIX
T A BLE X IT J. -

AMO

NT O F \V PA A ' D
P ONRO ll,s' F UN D,; l •:x PEN D ED ON P ll0,I E( ' T;., OPERATED BY \\ ' P. \ ,
BY
OU ll CE OF F N D ,-, AN D BY O BJECT OF EXPEXDl 'l l . HE

s,

!:,·r.~TE ,

YEA R END I NG J UN E 30, 1940

\\'I '.\ Fund s

Sponsors' 1- 1111,h

Total

Labor

Son labor

G r ad Tot a l

tate

Total

P ercent
or tota l
WPA
fun d s

Am oun t

A mou rJt

____

----1'ot1>l.. ..... ............... ...... $ 1,902. 94H. 77 1
Alaha111a ____ ____ ______________ ____ ___ _
:J5. 271i, 85 1

$ 1, 1118, .17 1, r,:J7

i 1. 289, 469.619

2.\ 22 1. /SIU

Ca lifo rn ia ... .. ......... .. ............ .
Colorad o _......................... . .. .

7, 03, 673
28,810. 24l
93,238,636
21, 632, :13:i

4,906.902
2 1, 38·1. 630
69, 086, 28·1
I 5, .1:l6, I 26

22, 140, 'l 16
4,394 , 85 1
I , 734. H 3
63,809, 220
13,939,309

Connecticut_ _______________________ ___
D ela\\·are. ________________________ ____ _
D ist rict of Colum bia ......... . ..... .. .
Florid a .......................... .. .
Geo rgia .......... ......... _._ ...... ... .

20, 685,369
2, 242, 42G
8,906, 3 l
29, 646, 9f,$
33, 259, 720

14,61 7, 7 10
1. 70.1. MO
6, 99,804
22, ,180, 376
24. 4!i4. 123

lcla ho ...... . .... •.... . .. ....... .. . ....
Illinois ...... ... ....... ... . . ....... .... .
India n a ............................ .. .

9, •173, :;55
154, 979, 06:J
55,087.544
24,943, 27 1
21. 723. 793

.i\ ri zona ______ -- - -- -- -- - -- - - - - -- ---- ---

-~rkausac.; _____ __ _____ ------------- -- ---

I0 \\.. 8 _____ _______ ______________ _______ _

Kansas . __________ _____________ ____ ___ _

fg
t~i~~~;:_·...........................
_=== ===== ====== = =========.==.
::IIai nc
= =

::IIa ry la n d ... . ........................ .
~Iassac husoLts ....................... .
::ll ichiga a ... .. . .. ....... ... . ......... . .

~
f:~~1::i~t;i~=::::::::: ==:::::::::::::::
Nl issouri ___ _____ _____ _______ ________ __ _
i\ Ioutana _______ _______ __________ ____ __

--,

9 1. 5

$494,370, I :M

1----

87. S
89. 6
87. 6
92. 4
9. i

l'1 •n_•1•ot

Pnecnt
of grand
tota l

of tota l

Amouut.

SPOD "ior:,;'

fund s

,

26. 0

$4l4 , Sfil, 437

8.3. 9

1----1-----

----

10,055, 1141
2, 89fi, i7 I
i, 425, f'i l I
2•1, 152, 3/i2
6, 09G. 257

37. I
2.1. 8

13, 71 , 039
I , 60fi, 075
6,402.062
20. 170, 133
21. 8 19, 469

6,067, 659
,536, 886
2,006, 577
7,066, 5U2
8. 05, 597

2'J. 3
23. 9
22 5
23. 8
26. 5

5, 242, 137
454 , 67'.!
1,256, 552
6, 134, ' 7
7,865, 6H

6. 308,603
I 16,974 . 130
40,397, 060
16,3 19. 195
15, 74 7, 3!'6

5, 745,5 11
10 , I 13,860
36,682, 561
1'1 , 700. 609
13,982. M6

3, 164, 7,53
38,004.933
14, 690, 4 4
8, 624 076
5, 97fi. 437

33. 4
24 . 5
26. 7
34. 6
27. 5

2, iOS, 021
27,759,548
t2, 868,476
7. 3 13, 74 2
5. 3 9. 003

5. 6
73. 0
87. 6

32, 432, r,90
25,630,520
6, 450, 948
11, 592.1 27
86, 587, 78 1

25,5 15,096
J9, 392, 711
4,79 1, 17:i
8, 5 '-1, 116
66,629.360

22,326,063
17, 7 10,07 1
4,383, 506
7, 963, 257
63, 746, 1152

6,9 16, iU4
6,245,009
I , 65\J, 773
3,008. 0 1 I
19, 95~. 421

21. 3
24. 4
25. 7
25. 9
23. 0

5. 702, O:J4
5. 336, 854
I , 345. 034
2,372.97 1
]7, 180, 745

82. 4
85. 4
1',J.0
78. 9
86. 1

6,730,838
46, 434, 521
27, 943, 6 10
62, V2G, 873
12, 934,030

65, 50 , 373
33, 1)26, 862
19, 163. 848
49, 736,600
S, 56·1. 229

Al. 14 ' , 257
30, 114 , 235
16, 607,585
45,393, 649
7, 8 19, 548

93. 3
91. 2
86. 7
9l. 3
91. 3

21, 222. 4ti5
13, 407.659
8, 779, 792
13, 190, 27:l
4,369,80 1

2·1. 5
2 .9
31 4
21. 0
33. 8

16, 52, 604
11, 459. 5291
7, 798, 679
11, 225, 829
3,723,803

79. 4
5. 5

23, 296. l08

[5, 380,
I, 049,
4,422.
49, 793,
7, 176,

765
793
2 l9
l02
22.Ci

90. l
92. 2
95. fi
93. 9
91. I

6, :l'J2, Y54
710,985
1.471.292
19,8.11, 74 0
2, 642, 630

26. 8
38. 4
24 I
27. 2
25. l

5, 471 ,002
16, 553. 201
2. 3 19, 75 1

85.
:J. 4
7. 8

28. 5

?25.•

92 1

b. U04, ,i52
2, :J l/j, 455
5, 990.908
19, 457 , 1 2
5,332, 50:i

Sb. Ii

80. U

o. i

o0. 6

7. 5
'6. 4
84. i

62. 6
SG. 8
9. 3

84. 8
90. 2

88.
5. 1
5. 2

Nebras ka ___ _____ _____ ___ ____________ __
)<ernd a . . ........ . . . ............. .
New H am psh ire. __ _______________ __
Ne,\· Jerse y _____ _______ ___________ ___ _
Ne w .'.\1exico ____ _______ ________ ___ _

1. 49, 89:J
6,097, 095
72, 90:J, 980
10,5 15, c35

17, 1163, 154
I , 13~. 90~
•I, li2:\, 811:J
53,052, 2 10
7,873, 20.,

New York ___ ____ _____ _____ ____ ___ ___
N'orth Caroli na ___ __ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ _
Xort h D a k t a ... -· ··· · · • • - ........... .
O h io
.. ... ... . ..... . ... . ...... .. .
Ok la ho m a .. .. . . .. . ........ .. ........ .

18 1. 509,72 1
32. H , I 8
10. 580, 559
131. 856. 332
3 1,32 1, HS

13 1,952,545
22. 3 18, JU I
7, 287. 598
99,921.050
23. 630,30 1

123,788. rn6
]9, 337, 114
6. 543. 032
93,220,056
21. 37j, 940

93. 8
86. 6
89 8
93. 3
90. 5

49, 557, I 7Q
9, 82\J. 997
3,:lOO,%J
3 I. Y:l2. 202
7.6~1. Iii

27. 3
30 6
31 2
24 2
2·1. 6

44,054 , 7° 1
Y, 053, 460
2, 9 4, 392
25, 14-t . 154
6,269,611

88. 9
92. l
90. 4
7 .7
81. 5

Oregon ..... ..... .... . .
Pl'nnsylva nia ____ ____ ___ _
Rhode Island .... ..... . .
outh Carolina _________ _
'outh Da ko ta ... .. ... .

H , 525, 55
137. 599. 394
12,4 16. GG9
28, 3 1 . 97 7
11. 696. 149

JO, 427,569
l09, 80 1. 136
8, 70 1, 740
21,029,699
7. 948, Oc 5

9, 9 ' 7, 05 1
102,989, 992
8,305,030
I • 537. 843
7, 14 5,352

95. 8
93.
95. 4
88. 2
89. 9

4, 0Yo. 2h6
27, 708. 258
3,7 14 . 929
7,289, 27
3. 748, 064

28. 2
2() 2
29. g
25. 7
32. I

3. '5,563
23, 7 2, 559
3,093,669
6, 490, 693
3, :!07, 632

7. 5
l',5_ 6
3. 3
89. 0
88. 2

T'en nes"ee __ ______ _____ _
Texas.
. ... . . ... ..... .
Uta h
........... . . ..
•-•
\\ Termont
----- ----- - -- - -_
·irginia -------____________________

30. 16 ' , 2'J:J
66, 826.1122
10. 736. 75 1
3,651.129
17, 199 ..\64

21. 026, 3!0
48,363, I 10
7,33 1,9 5
2, .5.5:l, 470
12. 179. 784

I , 396, 43 1
41 ,507, 46 1
6,892, f,09
2,391,079
JO, 797, 756

87. 5
85. 8
94. 0
93. 6
88. 7

9,1 41 , %3
I , 462,9 12
3, 404. 766
I , 097. 659
o, 019, 830

30. 3
27 6
31. 7
30. I
29. 2

7. 0 1 I . 0 .5
16, lh4. 420
2, <104, -10
~,o. i85
:l, ~94, 2 11

76. 7
i. i
8.5. 3
79. :l
79. 6

Wa.s biagt oa .... . .• . . ... •..........

2!1, 604. Il l I
28, 6 4. 061
51,084, 61M)
3, 26,S. 79 1

20,528. 2:H
21, 421, 795
36,869,042
2, IH 932

19, 19 , 374
19, 74:J, 951
33,878, 723
I, 978, 975

93. 5
92. 2
9 1. 9
92. 3

9,075, 777
7,262,866
14 , 215, 558
I, 120,859

30. 7
25. 3
27. 8
34. 3

7. 650, 643
6,30 1. 660
JI , 995,330
99:J. 074

84. 3
86. &
4. 4
88. 6

778, 179
598,909

39. 7
33. 9

547, 197
cl 51, 569

70. 3
75. 4

" ' .:: t Virgi nia ___ _____ _____ ___ ___ _

\Vi srons in . ____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ______ _
W yo m ing . . . . . .... .... . . . . . . ... .
______________________ _
Ha,\~aii
Puerto Ri co __

______________________ _

.. . .................. .

J. 96 1.630
I. 767, 0&1
15. 234

I. IS3, 45 1
I. 168, 155

\·i rgio fsla ncls

15,234

I, 072. 088
l , 0 fi, 40 1
15, 106

90. 6
93. 0
99. 2

L· nct ist rib uted by sta t e • .... . ....... . .

3,959. 142

3, 959, 142

134, 628

3. 4

' ln '-! lu d

590, b56

I, 26 1, 733

I

7. 8

3. 1

---- --- ------- ---------- ------------ -- --- -------------------- -------- -- --- ----------- ------ ----

su ppl y fu nd and text i1 e acco un L adj us tml'nts , and cent ral offit(• projt:ets.

5ourec : \VPA ex p o di Lu res based on report~ of the T rcasur ) D epartmen t; sponsors· expend itures based on \\'PA !".i l Rlt' oflke reports.

]2

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T H E WPA PROG R AM
MO

NT OF \ VPA AND 8PONHOR,;' F N OS EX PENDED ON P ROJE CT:-. OPERATE D BY \VP A , Bl' 8TATE AND
B , M AJO R TYPE OF PROJE CT
CU MULAT IVE TllR OUG ll J UN E 30, 1940

Il ig hways . Hoads,
and ::itrnc ts
Per•

Am ou nt

TotaL _______ ___

$9, .578, :!82, 136

__
__

Connecucut
______ _
Dplawar"_ _
D1st r1rt of Columbia __
Florida
Georgia

fcl aho __
Ill inois
1nd iana

Iowa __
Kansas __

K entucky ...... ··· -·· ·Louisiana ____ ______ ____ _
... ··-· - ··
Maine
i\ l nry land _______ ____ _
::.\ f \.h.<lChU"il'ttS ••• ___ _ • _ - _

f ichigan ..
!- lin nesota ...
:\ l1ssiss ippi

cent

Amount

cent

38. 9

998, 896, 803

66,077. 919
20, 5!>9, 536
.;9. o:J5, uw
8'' r ·> IU5
\17~

52. 7
51 7
59. ti
1i . 2
36. I

H,311.133
6, 9-11, 67
13, 128,223
57,526,96 1
12, 55-l . 977

-182
11 1
803
705
Oil

36. :iso. 2\l'J
I , :l32, Iii,
,\2, 2 16, 3,5 1

3-1 . -I
13. 6
16. 7
36. 0
41. 6

13,446, -1-1 3
892,911
5,5 14 , 0-11
17,286,969
14, 294, 8·1.>

15. 6
1/i. 3
11 -I

3 , 09 2, 73i
736, 0,53, -1 6:l
290, li84, 70 1
111 . 139.00S
120, 0-18, 051,

11 , -I Si, 7l>ti
292 , -I I 6, 7$2
1-11), SI I. 5 15
52,12 1. 59,
49, 96,5. 132

30. 2
39. 7
50. 5
46. 9
41. 6

3, S03, 067
48, ·t09, 2117

Ill. U
6. 6

147,118,550
120, 990, 50S
29, 557,071'
55, :JSS , 2 I.\
-1 39. 505, 69:l

I. 2.13, 72 1
IS, 314, -1 55
11 . "30,3 16
21. 11 5. 735
IOI , i -.6. fi7,5

57, 3
-10. 0
50. 2
38. I

2!0, 065. UIS
82,552, S58
16, 17~. 162
3 16, 79 1
27, .537, 08 I

50. 6
35. 2
-1 6 6
-12. 4
-1 2. 8

29,926, -II
32,957, 925
9,149,3 12
25,355. 952

105,679,
9, 787.
35. 610.
11 2, 768,
125,529,

I

39: 6~2:

Y5 1. 8S5
10 , Ml. IOI
j1

I

23.

24. 764. 601
7, 9 1. 45'>
9,030, 411,
19,279, 2MI

H , 702. 502
I, 581, I 71
6,633. 45/i
55. 752,690

II. 4
17. 4
13 . I
12 0
II

s

I:.: I

97, 2.;, 019
9, i27, 211
30, 53 , 2,; 1
379,613, 21V
40,310. 122

-11 , 387, 141
3, 13S, 21 1
7. 305, I IS
1as. 37-1 . G59
12,886, 122

4 5. -I
32. 2
23. 9
36. 5
32 0

7,243, ,., --l
620, 163
I, ·152. 7IS
42 , 090,656
10. ·19-1 , 651

New York __ _
Xorth C'n rolina _
:SC>rth Oakota _______ _
Ohio _______ ___ ______ __ __
Oklahoma __ ___ _. ____ __ ._

I, 31 ,5. 786. 536
!02, 551. ,\f,l
55, 362. ;J,;,
706. -161 , Iii I
16-1. 540, I 70

2,")9, 21~. 72fi
35, 75S, 161
2:l. 26 I. ,520
3,;7_ 11 l. ,, Ti
8 1. ,s1.o:i 1

19. 7
34. 9
-12 0

209. 930. 950
13,093.477
6,965,352
45, 171,369
25, 633, 6:12

IG. 0
12. S

Orc~on .. ___________ ____ _
Prno sy h· a □ ia ______ _____ _
Rhod e ls lancl __
South f'arohna
South Dakota

69,315.
89 1, 9W, 090
55,849. 723
92, 286, i71
62,2 13, I Ill

29,557. :s.1
5 17, ,2:1, 333
11 , 754, 71)1)
:so. 127, 067
2.", 002, 051

5, 463, 59 1
5 ,0-16,\01
5. 761,1,2.;
16 , 692, -111
5,313,322

i V
6 5
10 :J

11 9, 286. ;JI,
21S, 793, 19 1
Ii, 1")2, 01.i!J
li , 12.5. on1

fl 7, 25,). ;37\)
103, 6S6, 7 IU
I:!, 102,
" · 11-t, iii
22. SG!J, 2~2

''I'cnncssee . __ _
Texas ___ _
t · tah .
\'p r rnont_ __ _
Vi rginia __ _

n,010.

\V est Vir~inia
\Vi scon'\111
\Vyomin l!

Alaska
U uwaii
Puerto B ico

,,:i

,):i, 12(}, -iii#
~5. \JI", , ;J~I

i'iO, it,:.s, •nt,
ti.2:n. 0-i:.!

51. 6
42 6

57. 9
21. 0
32 6
45. 0

56 . .[
I I. 7

6,871 , 810
25, 03 , 07:l

mo, 767

21,_ [

7,

18 . 3

773, 150
6, 9~7. 640

:J I. 3

,JG. I
ffl . 0
2L I

·u;_ o

II, 995, OSI
7,598, 821
23. 855, 972
l , 472, 901)

]-1 . 0
9. 2

9. I

s. 2
6.
7. -I4
1. 8
ii.I

I

2G 0

I

12 fi

A_

2, YV7, ltH
17. G:l9, IOU
l, ,595, 197
l, OH,iJ-1
27,529, 194

.\ Irports aud
.\ ir ways

and Other
Utiliti('S

6. I
15. 7

8. I
5. 6
8. 5

I. 0
2

:J. 6
1:J. 9

.0
5. 6
12 I

2 0
11. 6

5. ..

7. 3
6 3

, 200. ,'i(J,5, 453

2. I

6 0

u..j

8. 3

2. 002, 7;J 1
21-1. 490
5 11,3 11
17,Y78. 771
3.:n1. 05:J

l-1 .S

2,610,560

2. 5

I, 593,023
4,353, 698
2,0 10, 2-1 2

-1 . 5
3. 1.J

840 , 82 1
Y, 110. 105
3, 125, 590
1, Gf,2, 95:\
l , 1;26, 360

2. '.l
l. :!
I.I

619, -1 65
698,606
I , 376,59 1
608, 627
4, 0 ,i,5. S24

0. I

13 . I
15. 0
13 ~
H . li
9. 5
2. g
JO. 2
6.0

3. 5iV, J
3, 0>3. 920
I, 790. 15,,
2. 269, 130
91,t , 96:l

u. y

I, 913, 3-14
216, 06i
81J2, 321
6, :ls I, 570
8Y2 52d

15, 606, ,[ ','l
2, I~, 185
6,523,328
7,469,837
12. 580, 91 ;;
3, 565,859
4, 273,9 12
19,05 1, ' 9-1
13,353,652
6,563. 558
9, 133, 194
8,373, Olf,
3,872,6 16
, 3 17, 11 2
60,5 12, ',71

4, :i
I.I
13 . 2

22 -I
18 3

6 6
10. 0

9. -I
11. ·1
6. Ii
12 0

5. !i

6. 2
6 V

12, USO, 891
515, -1 6:l
6. 9G6, fifiS
-l•J, 583, 972
2, 127, 60~

12. 3
5. 6
22. 8

16V, 727 , -1 -1.5
6, .59,, Oli2
3,011, 3,2
74, 36 1,62 1
9,10 1,201

12. V

2 1:i. 7J7, 1/,!j

fi, s2:1, u w

Ill. 4
12 6
5. I

2
ti 7
.5. 2

II,.

10. 3

2. S

3. ~2 1, l)J~
-17, :rn,. 113

5. 5
5. 3

6, '>22,:lb0

12 2

'j ')

937
10-1

13, 3i7, SJ~
I. 97 , 902
-l 3, 80U, :lW
I, ;JI I. l ~O

9. 5

9 3
II 0
I. 9

10. I

7, 5 11. U-!3
I , 094, 485
I. 116,356
o:i, 5 13. 559
9,051, 36-1

6 '}
15 6

:J, 53!:I, U6J
10, 2111;, 050
I, ~19, 167
1'>7,7:J3
2,870, 19,1

9 6

)

$96 1, 7-12, 0-1-1

6,055, IS I
L 51:i, 295
3, l \), 272
-17 ,859, ll~
2, 16S. Ul .1

i:~9;:

~

..

20, 7 l.l
2,688. 3b8 21. 0
,\, 57V, \76 -19 H
1 1. 199. Y,j\
61 , 9691 3 ,\
71 0
I, 253, 72,1
I, 7fi7. llli l
- --··
- --- - -----. -l'i 2 19 1- - -- ------_ -- ··
_ __ ___ ______ _ _ __
·-_
I, ;j21 , 11 7

17:J, 873
33,243

2. 6
3. 2
3

o

I.I

J.9

2. b
3. 9

P t! r I cc
nt

- - - - 1-

60, >,YO, >,5 1
22, :in.1;1s

9

10. I
15. 2
-I I

2 0
2. 6
2. 9
9 5

.\ 111cnrnt

.\ lll OUOl

s. 6
11. 7
I 6
,j, 7
6. 6

I ~. I
h 5
5.

P ercent

23,270, 6%
27, I '9 , 526
I. 62.~, 2 1b
15, 1,:;2, 536
4, 2 18, 222

2, uus. 100
72. ~30, 976
I, 5G l , 265

I

\ ·irgrn J-. Jnnd ,;:;
1

n.11

117, 253, !J,5lj
J:lf), 307, 62 1
2.52, 176, .s:H
Ii, 293, :12:,

,vas hington

Undistrilmt1 d hy ~tat f'

'"5

50. 6

I, 370, 13:J
102, 1s:i. 789
23, 17H, 710
6, 161.763
14, 50 1,h23

13. I
12 I
,;_ 3
12. 0

Neb ras ka ._
___ ___
Ncva<la__ _
Kew Il ampshire ____ ___ __
New Jersey . _
New 1\1: e,ico __ _

5,25 1,527

2. 536,502
I. 054, 8 12
2. 895, 1~5
l5. 5-U , 127
-1 . 917. USO
9, 777 , ll62
I, 071 , :JOH
I , 730, 7h9
4. 50 1. r,s:i
3. ,570, ,;39

.5
7. I
7. 5

1\ [on tano

_

I

9. I

I

Am ou11t.

S55, 2-16. 233

12. 7

41 5, 5l5 ..;:J7
23 1, 730, "Sli
99,076, ,.-,,
279, 11 5, 922
64,096, :l\XI

w,,

I

I 10. 4

$3, 727,392, -168

125. 380. 53 1
39. 785, -I S4
100. 009. 377
-t7Y, U60. 521
109,009. 789

Coloraclo

l\ [1ssou r1

Se w er SysU·rn s

it,ies, E'l.cluding

Total

State

Al1-1btt1iaa
Arizona _
_\r kan sas
Califor nia

at 1onal Facil-1
I Rccr.eBuildings

Public Bui ldings

2. h33. 8&J
•)

-1 61 1~,
3'. 819: 890

JO 7
5. 3

1.6

0. Ii
3. 7
3.0

1.,1

I..~
l. l
U. ti
4. 7
I.I
0. ~

:1
1.,

j

0. '
l, .l

2. U
2. 2

2. b
1.1
2, 2

6..,

62,020. Yl7
2, 3t1l , !!JI

5. -I
10 5
,) ;;

·!02 11:J
b, om: 2~!1
s-...,y_ 12.j

I

5. i

3, 3"',6, ll,1;)
17, 6>3 , 1-1 9
17,J. 22 i
2, 4~8. 0 1-1
865, 397

3,577, 127

3 U

-1 , 9:13, 79'.l

-I. I

1-1 , 932,290
6, -151, 127
2, 060, 27fi
5. 563. ISO

6 0

2,321.354

1, n.:; ~. oa:1

0. 9

13 7
11. S

25:1. U57

7. 6

1. 138. 07:1

12 7

5, 37U, SIY
2, .li I, .ilti

-t , 92i. 5'.lU
55,3 13, H;2
II , 301. 192
5. 03.1. 752
3. .;a1. 1ii

\JI
I I

IS, 6\JO, 820
-1 , 625 ..582

17 l
7. ll

:Jg, 395, 2 lU

4, 2
I. 9

353, 111
32, 5 lt

I, 185, 715

j

ti. 2
20 2
5..,

3. I
15. fi
6. y
3 2

2, 12 1, ·15\J
:na,609

8 17,3 12

4. j

2. 3
0. 7

I.I
0. j
-1 . 9

2. 0
0. J
2. 7
1.-1

3. ;,
1.:)
2. 0
3. 6

I. y
0. b
2. 0

7. 3

I.~

------------------------------'--

-' lacludcs supply fund and textile account adjustments, an<l central office projects.

(Concl udec.l on next page)

1:20

APPENDIX
\:

T A eu;

I \' .-

AMO UNT OF

\VP A

Co nse rvn t 1o n

St a te

Pl'rcent

.\ r i111m\

.\ rka nsas
Ca lifornia

Colorado
_ - - - -- -- - ----- - - -- - - - - - - -C'o nnt•Clir ut
_ ____- - - --------- - --- - - - - -l)t• la\ra re _
Dist ri ct of Columbia ______ ______ ______ __ _

. -- - --- - - - - - - ----------- - -

Flor id a

lcla ho
Illinois

[odiana .

-- - --- - - --------- - ------------ -- - - -

rown
Kans..1s
Kentucky ____ -------------------- - ------__ -- - - ----- - ----- - ------------Louisiana
---------------------- - __
_ -..--a111p
::\I
. _______________ _-_
__ _____
:, 1arylan<I
2\Ias~nrhuse tt s . ________________________ ___

. 632, tJIIS, 10·1

2, lliti, fi.10
3-1, 968, O:l I
8, 3~ 1..rn,

6,931, 36:J
2, 289, 43 I
6, ·l\l!l. 152
49,930, I 6
11, 21,2, 8 13

4. 039, GO I
541 . :103

3.
5. 5

3, 11 2, 1:10

3i , 1Ji'2
2, 86'2, /lti
7 10. :l 15

I.I
2. 5

0 6

10, 3 10. ti'.!U

27. 1

20, 582. '.J,5il
2-1 , -1:?i, I 1:1
5, 851,, O~:l
12, 170, 121

2 8

5-1 2. U5H

~- 4

a. 3
1111
0. I
2. 2

2. !)

I . 2 1:l,hbO
25, Qi:?, 5.1 1

5. i

::\ l 1cl111,!at1

22, titkL .~)a
9, 7'2 1, 191)

.,. 5
4. I

2\ l ississ1ppL
2\fisso uri

I, i-11 , 75H
23, iHh , V:!:?
l,i:l
11,

I 8
~- 5
10. J

•l''ti ·>1·1

2 5

5~,.

- - - -- - - -- ---- _______ - - -- - :--rl'brnska
- --- - - - - - --- --_
- - - --- --_ --_______
).lc\·ad:1
________________
~cw l lampshtre
- --- ---- - - --- - - - - - - - - --

>few frrSl'Y

'\!e"

\ ( p\i('u

-- --- - -·· ··- - · - - · - - - - - - -·

)J"e\v

\ 'ork

-- - - · · · - - · - - - · - ··· - - · - · ·

Xorth Carnltna

· ··· ···-- ··--- - - - · - · - · --

:Sortb Dakota -- --- - - - - - - - - ------- - - - - Ohio .... _ -- - - - - - - - --- - - - - -- -- - - - - - -- .
Oklahoma . -- - - --- - - - - - --- - ----- - - - - - - --

?

-· u7u: i~:,

2, W~. II :{
11. 12-1. 11i
4, 0 I i, 121.

a

6, 76'{, :1:-..li
I, 1-1...,, [1:?t1
5. iJ2, :.!:!O
l i. OiO, t1:io
4. 8t il , 0/ti
4. S I,>. O., t;

Oreg:1111

Pt.•nns d n 1nrn
Rh o,lt; fs l:.i nd

South Carolin.
South Dakota

2 t. li7 l . :1/!f
,l, 511 , 127
h92, ifi! I
;, 34:J. 1s,

2, 2

1;. 9
i I

2

n

10 0

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I I
JO I

'.2. I
:1 0
i 0
2 7
h I

I 0
11 H

I. ·188. 6 15

188. 712
197 . .171
2. 98:'i, 11 9
5, 768, \130
1,084.647
14 . 650.
5. 647, •I I l
71 !1, 129
3, IOI\, 352

no.,

2, 725, J7
2, 78~. 843
9, Stilj
49, :HS
I , 929, lli3

() 4
I. 4

2. 9
I 9

5
2. 7
I)

I G

ai

I, 5,57, 378
3,217, 70:,
13,1 8 1. 950
12. 8 12, 073

I ,). U

15, 575,6 15
l. 365. 508
U, G-l i, 952
18, 100, 23b
18, 20s, n 1

9 0
t 1. i
10. 2

I V

Hl.111'. 1211

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i, 59S. fii :i
2, l:l2. \J9:l
2. 981, , :14
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fi ;j
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I 7
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f> . I
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2,06 1, 85 1
269, lfi3
3i . :i,;3
4,655, 11 2
I. 670 , 84-l
2fi. 508, ii91i
7,363, 1~4
2, 2[:i( ), :r!G
6. os:J. ;i.2
G, 658, li:?CJ

0 3

s.,

16,327, ~,,
8, 111 . ! \JI

2 6
2 i

23, lli,hS'2
fi, :iox. hlil

2. I

G, 6U,i. VH i

2. 8
0 I
I 2
4. I
2 ()
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7

I I
0 V
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13,034. :lb~
7, 5:10, 9f)i

10 'J
3. 11

5, nJ1.rnm
3;-,h0 l. 52 t
2, aO:\, R:Jg
I, 28 1, :ll :J
;, :is, 41 5

\\'a"lllll!.!lc,n
\\'l•S f , · ir2" 111ia
\\' isc·ou "-in
\\' yorning

13, 132, ,W I
I. l uli. :J2ii
21, 122. i2\I
1. 27:1, :H/2

~- I
U. V
8 I
7. I

1, 02 1, 193
IO, 533. 227
1, 699.947
5i l , :iG5

0
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0
3

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7
7

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9,INl,9 ' 7
8, 111 , ,;:J.,
9, 11 3, Hit
1, !157, l3i

4 i
15. 2

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10. i

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a. Ii

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2, :i:JI , 0 1
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3, UOli, 941
24, 41i l, 001

33. 1,9:J, ,:m

l() "

II I

5, Stltl, :\70
5, U IU, ii2

1 ', 529, h5:J
26, 14ll, 1;1 I
6, ;;:J, 5%

18 7
9 I
10. ,,

:JGG, 985
8, 3lili, 955

12,919,087
l. 377, 9S3
2, ti-I , 52 1
60,629, 194
3,002,657

13. 2
11.2
8. 7
lli. ll
i. 5

2,011.1 54

li

87 1. 900

42:t Ui:?
l , 7:H. iJ07
6, 109 ObV

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l.fj

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2. Ii

5 4
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2. 5
0. 4
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2. 1
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i93, 7h0

1.6
2. 0

21 1

111. 2-1-1 , 5 1-1

rn. s

48. 50 , 240
I, ll52, 230

:J. i

6,993, 424
77, !JOO, t;;,
15. un. 259

12. 11
11 IJ

251. 0 1:1

U 5

8,0,tJ, -lh:J
1, 55ti, 227

U. ti

, 3 1i, 6ti-1
89, :, 17. ',I~
5, fi2 1, :j..lr,
16,889. :; 10
7,879.086

12 0
10 II
10 I

11 ,660, ;20
35,047, 480
6,3 14 ,5 10
2, 8 1:\, 565
17, 15:l, :J54
IS, 4'>,. ' 15
12, 139. U74

38. 11s. ,15\J
2. l t15, 02-1

v;

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12 7

-,
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11. I
1:J .,
1(). 2

23 5

19;
577
i03
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887

1, 22~. S22
56, 189
1 53"' v-t

32i:u38

2, Vi:l, 180

11)

l.:!

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1 11
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0. :J

a. 1
1. 8
4. I

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2, 07,'l, YG3

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1.5. I
11 2

I , 108, 11 8
l :l, l81i, 13:J
4UE1, 91.i:,

4
2

1()11 11
b I

1---- -- -- - 2 1'-\

( B)

l il,025

9 ,,

19, :l-19

1001l

5, 1\~1. 235

2, 2%,
2, h3;J,
1, 71H,
1, 67ti,
653,

40,1 39

I 4

I U

o

2. 3

---·-·- ---·- -- I, Iii , 81g

' TntludL'S adj ustme nt of F edera l expenditu res to total repo rted hy tlw T r1.:.•as urr Dt' P:.lrt11wnt, s pon sors' exp ·nd1tu res for land. land leasl• s.
nwnts , a nd ri ghts-of-war . for whic h the distrihulioa br type o f projl!ct is not a \· ailahlt ·, ~rnd proj(•c ts not aacluded unlic r the m:lJur tyµc s.
u Lr~~ than 0.05 perce nt.
c II1cl 11dt S supply fu nd and lC'\t ile accu un t adjus tme nts. and central ollicc pro1ccts
Source : \\' P .\ s tate o flkc repo rts.

I.U
2. 7

Ill . 2
14 II
~- ti
l l. ti
20. 11

15, 03-1. V31i
16. tJfl l. 1-li
2,54 1, 713
6, 5Ui, 3i~
i , h0\l. llOl

9-1 2, 181)

( ")

1 1. .,

I. ~

ti I)
2. :J

0. Ii

20. 7 13

3H , 93 1

16. 3

1, 2112. i3U
649, 2'JO
825, 537
1, 11 5, 09 I
3, :1,,1;, 027

(")
I .,
1. 9
3. 0

3, liOi , :J38
709, 2ifl

i.9

8. 0

14 i
14 II
2i. I

u

9. 11

28 1, 0!j2, 4tiG

-t . Ut~ I . 978

I:1. I
II 2
2 1.1
13. 9

'.2

0. '

11.1

29
11 5
I\. a
5. II
ti . 3

2, j

.,

\J'J5,ti3b
-21i,031
I, 224,4 01
Y, 211b, :l34
3, 23:l, -192

0. 5
l.i

38, :m, 111
11, '<Ii. !lliS
3, ,,q3, \J()S
39, 377. O~fi
10, II S. 72 1

107 'ti
8. i

G

$19 1, m;o, Sii

11. U

620, 543
4, :! 19, h75

5. 7
5. 5

.;, !K~l. :sI',
8.1 11 7. HU I

4, 7 19,898

14 9

l 't.•rCL'llt

5, 20 1,882

'21, SO:!, ;1()3
2, 22:i. 899

5, l.i tl, :JIii
iO, 0 ti . il."l

.. . (j

Amount

~

9.51,_:J:lli
·I, 171 ,81i9

U,
l :l
4 I
h. i

:i2s,i.:is

Per-

cent

h Ii

I>. 8
9. 8
13. 7

1. 251. 960
11 . r.o.1, .,IJ
2, :l!«l, 570
8. 08 1, 21:l
l. G97. IJ-li

2,

3, 2l(i, 059
130, (5~. ~52
24, u,, ,Oh
1:l, Gti:J, :Jso
10, 49, 095

H , 225, ·150

14 , tli:!, :.?-1;3

6-10. 154
8, i-17, 23H
7. 435,849
I , 71 5, 1102

ii. 8
0 R

\ laska
Ll awaii
l'm ·rt o Hi t·o
\ -ircin !~land s

3, 9,57, %6

2 3
(" )

V ermo nt
\ 'indnia

i;

17, 54 1, 795
5, 202, 778
11, 14,>,36f>
11 6,!JOG, 457
I :\, ll :l, 8 11

2 6

\l . ji

I 8.4 I

I 3

5. 5
5.
6. 5
10 4
10 3

-1. i

l . 53:l, ti:l:J
, 1. 369. :m
3, 97:\, 12h
l , 0 13, 382
51ii, H:l,

Tennessee
Texas __ __
Utah __

6. 6 $ 1,427,018,284

I, 792,9 11)
30,0 14, 1211
13, 1~11. 93\1
i, 10".! ,15:3
11 , 52[1, Id:!

2 8
20
I 9

i\ li s<·l'l lum•ous '
----

-

,

9
30
2. 3
I.

- - --

Amount

______

2. 1

85\J, 1:1 1

2\ (on tana

·-

-

- 1--

Arn ou11t

6, 130. li94
l, 185. 63
2, 283.59 1
1,921. i 9i

2, liO\l, IIH;J

.:\ l inrwsuta . _----- --- - ------- ____ _____ ____ _

Pe rrent

Am o u nt

, 20 1,426,069
I, :HI. 1;i3
nos, :l5o

Prurc ssuJnal and
~e r\'i ce, E\cluding
Se wing

Sew ing

I.I
I 5
2. 2
i.3
7. 7

l'o ta l

\I~-

19 10

--,---- •- - - - - - --

- - -- --- ---- --

.\ luhum

Jt1:-:E 30,

Sa n ilation

1- - - - - - - - - 1 - -- --

Am o un t

:-h

8 \

Pno.1EcT

tvLu oR

'U M ULAT I VE TllR OL'.C II

Peorµ;ia

\V PA ,

A D !::lP ONSO Rs' F UN DS ExPEXD~: D ox P RO.I EC'TS OPER \ l'ED B\
Co 11c lud cd
TYPE OF
AND BY

Ptl ~ \··

lJO

REPORT OK PRO ,BESS OF T H E W PA PROGR AM

T AB L E X \' . -A ~100NT o r

YEAH F:NOIN(; Jt•NE

BY S TATE

30, l!l-10

Hecrl'3 llcmnl Fa<:11•
1tu•s. E\cluc.lin:r
Bu ildiois

U igbwa).s, Hoads, j P u bli c Ouild rngs
and :--.t n •,·t~
Stale

\\' P .\ .

\ VPA AN D S Pox,-oR,-,' F ux Ds l~x P EN DE D ON P R OJE CTS O P E R ATED BY
Ai\' D BY i\l.\ JO R TYP E 0 ~' PR O,I ECT

Sewer S\"~11•111,
and u·t lwr
Utiltti,•s

\ irport ~ and

\ irwars

To tal
.\ mount

l'1>rct·11t

Amo u nt

l 't' TCl'Ol

l 't• r·

Am o u nt

(.'t•Jlt

\ lllttUOl

- - - - - - - - ----Total

27ti.

J:j,

A rk::io sas

2b, blO, 24 I

California
Colorado
0 11 1ll'l'llCU t

Dl'lawnre

Dis tncl of Colum hia
F lornla
GC'orgia

I da ho .....
ll linois
l ad ia oa
l o\-..·a

K ansas
Kentucky
L11uisiana

:\f a11w
.\ [ ar ylanrt

~I ac;sachu'-C'tts.
.\ I 1cl11gao
:\ Jinnesota

:\l is~ issippi
:\ l issuun

!\ Jon tana

~ehraska
:\""t..>,·acla
~ew !J am pshtrc

:":cw Jnsey
New :\ l e, 1co
New York

41. 6

$183, 44i, t-,97

9. 6

., 11 U. 339. ~J.?3

6. 3

$ 199, ' 8, 64ll

11. 53U. S3!f

fil I

61. 3
fi'i. 0
17 5
35. 6

9. 4
14 8

437, fitlf,

4. 7bU. 006

3,309, ,20
1.152,356
2,HI~. 718
13. 611,95 1
2. 566. 702

1. 2
0. 5

I. 6
7. 7
4. 0

l, 161. 78-1
"3G, 192
26~. 614
. 96", 495
2,34 1, 465

1,72 1,640
134, 769
206, 288
878, 923
759, 41 4

8. 3

3, 1 9, 129

15 I

6. 0
2. 3
3. 0
2. 3

•154, 674
l , 5S0, 232
l , 33 , 229
I. 760, 592

20. :J
ti 7

302, 04 5
14,1 24,5 13
2, 52 1. 316
7 0, 207
3,295,382

3. 2
9. l

9 12, 350
19, 464, 394
4, 766, 954
2, 775, 554
I. 545, 27:l

,, l. 901, ~1-1 9. iii

Alabama
_\ rizon::t

t'-1[11

7. ,O:l. 67:J

rn. W3. ,%

93, 23,. ri3r,
2 1. 632. :is:i

16. 340. 682
7. 692,079

20. 685. :36\1
2, 242, 42fi
, 90f,. 3S I
29. 646, 96~
33, 259, 720

7,046. 911
463. 231
906. 409
12, 42 1,021
18. 539, 386

9, 4i3, 35fi
06:l
5H
271
79:J

3, 386. \19 1
62, 489. 24-l
30, 603,630
12,291, 795
9. b94. 53:,

32. 432, fi\10
25. fi3~. ,i:!1
6, 4fill, \1-J ,
11,592. 127
86. 5S7. 7, 1

19. 22b. 730
10. b9,. i,c,I
3, fis 4,
5,080.550
21. Olb, 396

06, 730, ' ,
46. 434. h211
27, 943. f,40
62. 926. 73
12,934, o.10

45.
15.
l.\
29.
5.

154, 979,
55. 087.
24. 943.
2 1, 723,

23, 296,
I. 849,
6. 097.
72. 903,
10,5 15,

10,
93
U95
%0
35

34. l
20. 7
10. 2

;~:~ I
35.
40. 3

.;:,. 6

m:i

,-1.i ,:;

ow

l 2, 26f,
93,>. 57;,
078. 364

2fil. :~2,
40 , 190
5, 439, 79,-

3 5
6. 3

14 , 721. S9:J

3,973,963
s. 0 0, 754
331, 14fi
3, 360. b42
470,896

4. 6

ll , 575, 7f,fi

10 9

6. 397, 1711

l 2

l. 2~7

5. :l

7. 992. 60H
6fJ I , 834

H '2

20:i

36. I

i iI
789
93 1

21. 3
4 I. 0

2,141 ,845
162. 853
306,589
6, 549,368
2. 925. 8.oi

31 5

15. 2

93

4 . l

11. 20b.
667,
1. 29i.
29,900,
3,306.

4. 6
3. l

9. 2
12. 0

9. 1

468

3.81b

6 2
I,

4

8 b
8.8
5. 0

9. 0
27. 8

430, 41,\l
3,036,381

3. 7

955,04 1
189, 569
565, OOfi
6,682, 274
376. 2~1,

4. 1
10. 2

17, 127, 0-17
1, 70-1. 93\1

Y. 5

9. 3
9 2
3. 6

2,340. 06:l
I. 780. 147
1, 2-1 7. 287

7-tR

4~HI

4G . 9
41 l

l.54, 432
1,711 , ,50,5

I 2

.59,

I

1. 7

9 9

44 2, 280

2. 6

9.124 . .Sil
18. 131. SOH
13. 746. 750
1,391, 6f,3

30 b

6.
5.
7
g

8

4:?. fi

2. ()06, 769
l. !12-1 , 912
3. 817. 380
123,626

9

I, b99, 069
352. 076
6, 748.0l
ll 5, 026

13. 2
3 5

5, Yi2. •t:!Y
779. 5IY
8,334, 261
292,630

823, 970
I, 253. i 25

42 0
71 0

904,501
6 1. !169

46. l
3. 5

33, 243

0. 8
I. 9

56. 720
32. 541

2'J, 604,011
2 . 684. fi61
5 1.0 4,601
3, 265. 791

I. 961,630
I. 767. 064

fi.1 2
2fi 9

3
5

15. 234
3,95\1.142

' L L•ss than U.05 PL' TCL·nt.

b Jncludes ~u pp ly fu nd an<l lt':\lllc account adjustments, sud C('ntral office projec ts.

(Cont'iutle<l on ne,t page)

14 ,832

6. 4
I. 2

12. 6~J
;jl)4 , 24!1
-l~. Ol'-1
:N-t , 5HI
32 l. 9.;:i

ri q

11 fi
10
17 0

IJY, ll,t,
770, :ilh
,;,;, 2IU
1il. .;~1
~t)O, 67~

11 :l, 62:l

2. ft

0. :,

1.7

0. 2

0. 3
I 6

0.'

2 2

\\"ashiogton
\\-l•st \ "irgima
\ \"iscon~in
\\"yom i ng

·l

-;'

c~l!i. l:36

2 5

236. 775

17. Hl9. 564

3 5

l 3

739, 1·12
1. 07.922

\· irgmia

.111, 1)62

I 2

4 :!
12 3
l.1. 5

2. 7

0. 2

')71. 971

7 I

n11, .1ou

I. 260. mJH

. :!37. '2 6
I. 66:3. 27[,

' 7
11 l

:31;1. 41):!

f>3 b
1-l 2
35. 6

19, 2.13. :J53
2H. 529. S3V
3. 827, 002
1,710.395
7,064. 7611

1.fi
0. 5

125, ·13 1

; , 1

28

4l 9
43 7

l.;J, 701

°'·"m, fi l:l

!.#

2.

o. 5

q ,

328,331

5, 112,29,>

ti

I :! fi

I .1

,:;, 1

:.!:!O.tifiO
.-17:3, 790

10. 1
2. 1

4. 9

10. 7

H :{

5. 4

l, 2 , 53
. 807

2. 2

J.o

9.56. 939
'!:J I, 377
1.;o. fi3 7

1,35 1,984
JO, 640, 4 19

7b9, 0
6, 772, l 16

16 0

5. 3
4. 1
9. 0

5. 5

3, 0, 906

1.l. :1
H I

11 3
i 7
S. S
17 h
10. 9

19. I

3 3

43 1, 195
I I , 9 17,653
699, 6i,2

3. 9

28, 186, 131
2, 064, •15 1
592, 797
12, 74 0, 9-12
l. 104.51 7

I. 647, b92
10,549, 2 11
677,27 1
5,041. b l 6
1. 272 , 707

51 9

12.

0. 3

II 7
120
26 :1
!I ,l

14 . 8

13 5

0 3
056
3, li62, 501
l, 19,187
lif),

2,73 1, 44 2
22 1,979
I, 6 17, 30.5
6,905, 38 1
745, 6-1,

26,905,672
4, 103,22 1
I, 4:10, 23
4,352. 956
5. 003, 282

30. 16l,, 29J
66. b26. 021
10, i36. 751
3,65 1, 12\J

Puerl u Hieo
,·irg-in J, lan rl s

\1,,

-12. -1 96
46-1, 415
7, 176, 32-l
866, 427

l. 3
11
l l

8-10, 785

Tenn(• e
Tt·xas
l' tah
, ·ermont

H awa n

12. 8

s. 3

5. I
11 4

46 6
49 b

Pennsylvan ia
Rho(k bland
South Carolma
South Dakota

4, 162, 96S
2. 324,005

8.

4. 386. IHO
5, 30 1, ,',-12
1. 733. H
5,306,445
1, 133.285

6, 761, 430
6 . 5;,4, \JO,)
2, 36S, 300
ll,b66. 126

O regon

10. 6
5. 7
7 2
7 3

10. 41 9,994

14. 525. b5,>
137. h99. :J94
12, 4 16, 66\1
2h, 31~. 977
11.6%, 14\i

Ohio

l , 000, 905
. i ii . 130
3,97 1, 41 .5
I. 82G, 5 11
l. 79,i. 0i2

13. 7

52 I
34. 3
54 0
-17. 4
45. 2

22 5
47 2
48. I
51. 6

Ok lahoma

14. 2
14. I
12. 6

601,

40, S63. 839
15,160.971
5. OS~. 229
68, 106,651
16. 268. 935

N"ur t h C'arolma

2, 933, 673
3 17, 0 1 I
l. 123. 128
4. 05 1, 190
2,913.549

I. 066, 625

18 1,509, 724
32, 148, !Sh
10,588,559
13 I. 56,332
31. 321. 470

Xorth D akota

10. l
14. 6
11. 9

2 0

4, 174, 250
2. 7 -1 , 614
917, 02\J

I . 173, 3b0
4,227.542
l , 65S, 31 1
4 6, 6.1,
1. 38-1. 5S7

l

.=. ti
\I

"{ .l

l ~,

1.7!1()
-t8U
41 I, 080
~~-

50!>

lfi ..4'.!:i. 4\1
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APPE
T .\ BLE ::,.;: \ ·. - . -\M OUNT OF

\VPA

·o rx

~ND SPO NSO RS' F UN DS Ex l' t}:S D E D OX P R OJ ECT S O PE R ATED BY
AND BY i\1.\ J OR T YPE O f' P ROJECT
Co11 c l11d c d

WPA ,

B)

~T 1·n ;

YEAR E ND IN!l ] U SE 30, 1~ 10

Conser\·at 100

Sani ta t io n

Se win g

S t 8 l t'

.Amouu t

To tal.

.\ laba m ....
_\ ri zo n a __ _

.\ rkaosas
Californ ia .
Colo rado
Coo Ol'CllCUL

D ela w a rl'
D istri ct of C olmn lu a

Flori da
Gt:'orgin_

lda ho ... .
lllinois .... . . .

[ndi ana __
Lowa __ _
Knnsf-!.s___ _

Kentu cky
Louisian3

.\Ia llll'
.\l ar y la nd
\l assac hUSl' t l S

.\!Ichi gan
.\ l inn esota

.\I ississippi
.\l issoun
~I oata na

X ebrask a
Xt•\·ad a
Xt•w U am ps h 1re
~l.! w Jersey

Ne w l\h•, iro
~c w Y urk

Xorth Coruhn a
:Oforth Dak uta
Ohio
Ok la homa

$13-1. b l h.

P1.• ret· 11t

P crCl'Ot

srn

674 . .51tl
43, 49 1
158, ,546
10, 4 5,326
636, 2-111

I. 9

0. 6
0. 5
11. 3
'2.iJ
4_4

I , 17G, Vii
19 , 041
162, :lJO
196, 75 1
32 1, 129

.\ rn o un l

I.Ii

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I, 0hll, V115
l i:l, 055
I , 62H , 367
V. 183, 58 1
I , 6i0, 43 1

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I , 9 17, 1195
I, 0 18, 166

5. 7

:J, 5,; 7, 952

Y. U
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2 1. 109,566
3, 535, 662

14 II
13 II
12. 7
22. 6
16. 4

3, 3bl, 634
280, 3 9
:J, 282. 292
5, b52, i 91
5, 0<H. 50 1

16. 3
12. 5
36. !I
l \J . 7
15, 0

674. i34
37, i 86, 092
6, 905, 11 3
3,52 1, 656
2, 232, 453

7, I
24. 4

4, 23b. 769
4, 159, i 46

13. l
16. 2

.'i3 . 74 5
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18, 6W. 47b

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90 1, i l 5
2, 059
185, b25
569, 86-1
165,63 1

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2,526, 930
1, 954, 92i
3, 149, 439
915, i 68
543, 9%

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152, 083
I. 7 16,933
G•I I, 7 18
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285, 252
7,669.683 1
2, 703, 439
I, 136. 285
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257, 11 6
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150, 107
47 6. 7 l b
5, ;31 4, H 2

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172,832
72. -198

529,
45,
6 11 ,
6,618,

50 1
30
12,
140

2,3 10, IS2
l , i i 5. 765
50 1,030
3. 499. :is,
I. 13 1. 194

3. '

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l. 2
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2. 2

3. 6
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633, 5-12

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449, b29
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2, 3 15, i 99

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2, 95,;, 93 1
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3, 305, i 33
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.i, 083, 57 1
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I. 286,649

3,629. i20
304,602
170,5 16
15, 11 I. 090
Si l. 3 2

12, 5
14 . I
10, 3

b. 4

15, 6

'2. 660. 299

9. 5

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5. 6

82, 184
233, 726

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420, 129
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189, 53(j
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871, 28i
256, 635

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b . i ~S. 380
2. '2 12,905

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1, 285, 61 5
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5. 149, 793

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I. 52l. 2 14
•I, 5 19,5 18
I. 865,3 18

13. 0
15. 6
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3,599, 3 6

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2, 965, 205

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110, 903
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; :12, 159

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61

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2,503, 459
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129, 3i 3

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0, I
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3, b3b, 489

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31. 689
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3,936, 894

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14. 8
13. 9
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3,64 , 5 IO
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527. 65 1

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1, 866, 786
3 1, 5 12

-0,2

\ · irg in Island ~

% . 90 1
174. 02.i
15, 234

5. 0
9.
100. 0

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40, 139

u nd. isl rl hu lt!d by s l ate C. .

202, 4 12

5. 1

3, 756, , :JO

So u t h Car11l in a

South D akota

Te nnessee.
Texas __

Ctab
\ \ •rmonL
\ ·irgi nia

\V ashin g: ton
\\·,~st Yi qd ni a
\ Vi sconsin

W yo mi ng

0 4

i 6

4-l7. 7V4
2, 74 , '2",5
804, fi6:l
23i , 8 10
153, 56(\

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nm, w2

3. 102.

3, 935, :i23
129, 110

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IO. 6

2:! L il6

2 l

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2. 5

121, 80,5
:!, 28fi, 706
:12s. ; r,-i
12 1, l fi l

Q_ 4

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o. 6
3,

45b, 200
" · b36, 3i6
.i03, b69
2:30, 8 1,5
1,.506, 20 1
I, 7 11, 3 1i
6 12,V IU
l , 71 9, U-1 '2
32 1. 0i4

H awai i

P uerto Ri co

6, 795

0. 4

1&4, 592

9. 3

35

.5. '2

1\.:1

8 8
5.

2 ,,

3. I

9. 8

0. 4

0.b

3. 7

LU

( B)

2. 3

\ l oclw lt:s adjustm en t of Federal 1•\ pr111 l itun·s to tota l rl' portct.l by t he T reas ur y D l' partml•nt ; s ponsors' ex pl' nd1 t ur l'S for lant..l , lan d lt.•nsC's, l't\Sl'·
me nts . and r i~hts-of•w ay , for w h ic h t h,• d1 st r ih t1 t ion hy t ypt' or projec t is not O\·nilah lt-; and projects uot rn clu dcd under lhc major t y pes .
a Less th an 0 .0,1 pl' rCl'llt.
c ln c1udi •~ ~u ppl y ru nd and tex ll k- Hl'C11unt a dJustm l' nts, anJ ce ntral office µrujccts.
Sourcl' ; \\. P A state o ffi ce re ports.

T ,1.81,~;

.\. \ ' l. -

P11naCAL

Acc ·o~I PLISHMENTS

AND

P UBL I C

P ART ! C IP A ' l' LON ON

CUMlll~AT I VE TUR OUC. ll DE C' E\tllER '0,

PROJEl:'l'S UPEH A'l'EIJ BY

\\' P A

w

ts:)

1930
"'\Juw tw r

l ' n it 1d
\ l l•asun•m(•n t

I tem

1!1g ln,ay:-.. road-., Slrl' L•l s, and related facilitil'S
11i.c!ll\, :1ys, rond s. rtnd strrr ts-tot a l

Hurni road s- total
11 ie- h t y pp s urfacr- total
' \ t'\\

<"o n st ru et inn

l {1 1 c•nnstruction

or im 1irov(

1

111('111

L o\\ l\ lH' s ndAC'I' an d un surfHC't> d

~lii<'s

i;o. 11 8

\I ii l'S

112, 204

\ I il PS

:.m.002

\I ill'S

1r,. 1n~

~111,·s
.\ 1ill'S

11. 561
:J81. J.12

20, .17r,

'\;"1•\\ <·011s tr11 C'tio11

;\ l iks

H1 •(·0 11 s tr11 c·tit lll n r llllpl'O\ l'lllt'llt

1\ f il PS

11 , ,18:l
8, \19:l

total

s11rfac·1 •

Lm , I y Ju' s 11rfm·" nnd unsttrf<H"(•tl
Oth l'r roads (i n park:-;,

,•te ) -total

11 tl,!'11 typ,• surfat·t• - t o t;-l.1
:\t'\\ ('OllSl rll l'tioll

H1 ·<·11 11s 1r\lC'tion o r impro,·r 1rn •111
Lo,, t y p1' s 11rfnt1• and un s ur faw,,d

re lall'd radli1irs Continued .
Trame signs t'rected
Tralli c-ro ntrol line pa inted .
Hoadsiri1' land scaping
f'nr nn , I railroad tra ck rC' mo val
Publi c· huil ,li n ~s. e,c lu<ling utility
plant s nnd huildingsn t a irp or t s:
}) uhli C' lu11ldin l's lotnl
g(!11<"a t ional

tot~ll

l,1l1rar1es
~<· l too l s

Rcc-reationa l 1c1tal

~lih•s

2q, iii.,

\ 11,liton11111s

\I Ill's

:.,:~

(~yn111 ,,siu111s
Other

\ l 111 •,

I lill'-1

\ I d, •s
\\ 1l1•s
\I il C'S

!11 ::
fit),,

OflJC•es 11111 I Ht I m1 ni , 1ni t i, fl
ll o:--pi t Hb
Per m I in ..; lll 1111011s

firelHmses

.\ Hf'i.~

Onra~es
~tnrat!e

Ne"

Hcco11s tru c- li o n

const r ucti on or im1irn,·ement.
13ridgl's

;-1 11,t

nadw·h

tot a l

J~ umbt• r
\ Lin Pa r rrt' t.

~11111ht•r

\\"ood

{ L int•nr reet
:'\ wnlw r
{ Linenr fre t
~ umiH' r
{ L11w9 r fP r t

~tt •t> l
~ l ason r ~•

57. 200

37. 511

I, IS:!I , :ll\3

l ,[1tl.t ,:N 1

12,500

21. (i33
fi72, IUI
12, 2G5
77:J. 336
3, GL3
I IH, 951

1. 2iG. '"'51
I, 4811

·> :r ci~-r

-1i1:21;

:mu, 11 2

C'uh1•rt s
llo11d , id1• dra111a g,, dlleh and pqw - tot.al
IJ1L<'li
l'ip( •

S1d, •wa lk~ and pa L11 s

:mo

:\ I ilt•s

):l, :{"'11

fi8, f;f,17

\ I 1\ps
,\lill'S

10, IJXI

fi~.

2. ;n;,.,

!i2,i

\ Liles

15, 1111

5, 71 'l.

Mil es

12, 717

4, H f,

{ l,i,w nr fPr t

l otal

l't1 Vl't l

llnpa,t•( I
C'urhs
Ouur r:;
Ounrdrnils and g 11.-1rdw11ll s

Hond nnd s tree t li g ht111 g

18, 21h ,

~lilrs

2,680

M ilrs

14, 532
I, 1\10

Miles
.\til,•s

Nu ruht·r or light
tn1 Hla nl s
{ Msil<'.'s
o f road

on2

PI H) ~ro und s

total

:--i C'IHHli

~" imrn111 g poo ls

\V ading poo ls

I, 5Gfo

2. 730

i,; ki trail s
Rki jumps

685

I. 727

~no

:m, ;:,1

.IS, 1iu
I. 11 7

11:tl

A I h le l i<· fie ld s
ll andha ll ('lll lr t s
/ l orseshoc <'<H l r l s
rr ennis C'O Urt s

lee-s k a tin g areas

~===

Numbn
l\Iil es of line
l\l ilrs or road
l\ lil es

---_::1

1>ro,·rment.

Number

-----

N umber

Oa nds hr ll s
Outdoor thcnt res
( l11lf ( 'il llfSCS

(Continued o n next page)

04'!, UIKJ
1,

------

-------- - --

----

{Numhcr
.\ rca in ac res
N u,n be r
N umhcr
Numbe r
{N umhcr
.. _
S qu a re reel o r s urface
{Numher
___
S qua r e feet o f s urface
{Number ____
Sq u a re feet of s urface
l\lil es
N um ber
N um ber
Number
{ N u mhcr
Nurn!>er uf holes ___
i\.ren 1n a t' res _____

I , A Is

IUS

.1:1

I, 007

I , IUA

.10 I
:ii i

l-i5H
:-1, :12s

1, 111:1
112
12i

N umber
N umher
0," umher
N umhcr
~um her
i\umher
N umhcr
Nurnt,er

N umher
N umber

=· ~ I"

I, I 1.5

Ii,

Numhe r
Nurnher
N umher

N umbe r

23, 19,5

--

N u1nhe r
Nt 1mher
N 11111her

o:.t·,

30. 27b
1, 133

.\r morie,;,
Othe r
Out door rec rea ti n n :1 I fot·11i1 ic-s
~ta dium -. , gra ndstand ..,, and {:-,.Jumher
:-iN1ting capaci ty
hlenrhcrs.
a ad
rodeo {Num ber
_F'n ir ~ro uad s
•\_r ea in a<' res
g r o und s.
{Number
P a rk s
Area in acres _

Other
fli7, :$3\J

b3. 783
2. Ln\l, 221

'\11111h1•r

H. econs t ru ction o r irn-

.\dtll·
lions

11 ighways, roads, strtcts , and

~====

;\ I ilt•s

n i)!II t YP«'

~t)W ('O il·

s trurtion

All, :J II

tut HI

I tem

N um ber

\1 ili·s

Urh n11 ~tn•ds

C'nitof
i\1I eas ur eme nt

21,, 562

-

If.i i
27,80 1

1,281;

l/1
308
llil
,567
lll = ; J , 111

~

0

~

"O

!:,:

C

:i, 102

fil i

1, i 82
1,50

M

L'.!H

I. :JOI\

K:J

2,077
3·14
19, :u2

21H

311

i , fi lO

329

I , li -t '.!

7H
218,000
,5

1.:m1;
:W,5fi'2

M

0

1<1:1

l . 'i:3!1

:!, l !'1'l.

~

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0

200

2, ml,1100
:{i

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-

63, 13 1

:.?:.?
:1:?

I , rill

=

I

,,,

12:i
'.! ~hi

1, UIO

584
2,485, 000
235
lU, bXfi

r,. 3i.:>

3 11i, 992

~

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0

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ti:

M

~
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=
id

I, 10:J
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11

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I, 075

0

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1:t wi:{
I. :ri I
1. 7!1!'1

31

2, 0W
12. ISS
106
111
2. ,I 1,5

;::

i, 7Hl-i

o;m

7, ;, 12. 000

1;10
2. 270, 1100
I. 017
43. 5~9. 000
2!18

56

102
ll fi
WI

2,280
14 , i 11

135

"O

7, b80

$1

4. 6:13. 000
62
219, 000
71
16, 430,000
52
12

fl(i
2:1
2\Jh

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2S, , 32

~

0

~

>

TABLE XVJ. -

PH YSI C A L

A cc OMP I, JSHM ENTS AN D

P u B1, 1c

P A R'l' I C IPA 'l' I ON ON P1to .1E CT i:i O PE IL\ 'l' EJJ

CU M U LA TI VE TUll OUG H D EGE MUE lt

:.H ,

BY

\VPA

Cuu t i 11 uc<l

H);jQ

:S:u mbe r

N u mbe r
Unit of l\leas u r cment

Item

:\'ew constr uctio n

Hecoos tru c- 1
Lion or 1 □1·
pro\'ernent

.l dditions

It em

Unit o f M eas u rement

New con·
s tru ct ion

Ad ditions

-----1- · I - - - - - _, - - - - -- - - - - - -- - - - - - -- -- - - - - - 1 - - - P u blil' ut iil li t·s and san itation .
Consen ·atio n, Oood and eros ion
N u mbr r .
Vti lit~ pln n ts 101nl
l.
~71
~:i,
co ntr o l, and irr iga t ion- cont d
- - - - - - - - -----_\ cres __ _
23,1, t)(J(I
':'{um he r
:i,
II
J:Js
Ell'l't rtt· power plants_
{ C'apacity in k 1l1m alt s
2i , 61 1 I
11, tri S
2-19, 222
l rri gat ion i- ystcms
{ ~1~:eti~~i-~~1'. '.
.tj
i6:J
JX11mhcr
lfi
J m:ioe rator pl nots
)C'apac11y ,n Jons pe r day
1, ,,3
11, 11Y I
A ir µo r t and a ir way fac ilities : A
22,
Xumber
6h2
b
F
acili1
ies at a ir por ts and
l'um ping stat ions
{ Capn C' ity m gallon~ P" r da.\ l ,0...,i ,·l-42,000 4 l,hi2,UOO I. Hil! I, '.o!f>:t 0011
lan d in g areas:
N u mber_ __ _
IV/
50
:--: u mbe r
_
,IS2
39
:J20
L andi ng fie lds __ _ .
Ht''' agP treatmrnt plant s { Ca pacity in gall ons per <l ay 2/i l , On\l, 11011 21,4,12,000 2, ,OU, ~1)2, 1100
{ Ar ea i o acres
2, 1-,4,1
2:1,,JM
I. 9; 1, 11l
Linear feet_
N
u
mbe
r
123
IU
I ll
Ru
nways
\ \.A tl'r treatment plants { Capacity in gallo ns per clay_ l ~ I. I I.I, 111111 4, 5s3, 1100 I , , VI, 2 1V, 000
Numbe r_ __
ft'l
Air po rt h u ~dings- Jota l
\\'nter main:- and dist r ihution
'.?, ;;-i
U, H:J>,
:lliles ..
li □ l'S
Adrnioist
rath·c
u1
Hl
2 11, rnlll
Xumbc r
:i;,, 11110
\ Vatn l'onsumer conrH'Ct ions
te rminal__ ______ _
:"\umber_ __ _
14
i4
:~. 1.... 2
:\"umber
:, fi2ti
" ·n,l'r ""1\s
Numher __
10
168
llaogars
2, mH
:\"umber
114
41
2.36
Numbe
r
"'toral,!t! tanks, reservoir:;, etc· { Capacity in gnlluns
Ot
her
l ,47:\,lli\:J,OIIIJ
20.tl·I0.11 1, 000
-----I , !i2fi
/N u mbe r
~13
Ht nrage dams_
Sca pl :Hll' ra mps an d land; :i:i. l) J f,
I C'apacil y in acre-feet_
675, fi.Jfi
ing platfo rms ___ .
25
N
u
mhc:
r
_
I.I, ,IGO
Stor m and sanitary Sl'WL'fS
'l, 11:J
J\lilcs
.
6U
L andin~ a reas 0ood lighl • Nu m b0r nf an•as
:J,.I, 111)1)
:-ic,, cragr st•n·itt.· conoeetiuu, 'N"umher
:H. UUO
{ N u m br r of light :,:;tandards
I,
ed
.
; f,S, i4S
2/ 1', 3.1)3
.:\ l anholes and eatch hns1 ns
Xumber
A ir way facilities :
I, / l) J, 000
Sanitar y prides _
N"urnber
2u. ono
10, ;9:i
Numher
•\ ir way llll1Tkl' rS
_\ ba n doned mine sraling
I , ,J, 111111
Opt.•nings Sl'n kd
Kuruhp r
fii
.\ ir way heacons_
\l'res drained
.
l , 8 17 .001)
l. 826,000
)i i osquito-control drainage __
i\
I
iset·llant•o
us
c·rm~truction:
{ _\Jiles of <l1 Jt'h a nrl p ipe
1:i, u.,u
lR , 106
Numbe r __
62
17
.\ l" usquito-c:ontro l sprnyin~
n nl!on~ :-. pray1•d
2, 11\11, Otltl
CcmdniL•s
{ Area in acres __ __
fii ~
22fl
2, '172
Tc!\• ph,me and teleg-raph lines JI riles
I. 588
L andscaping an d bC'autillenPolirt', fin.•-alar m, and trnmc
tio n , ot her than roadsid(•
~l i1es of li nl'
I , 120
8fi.l
si~nal sys tems
_
Acres _
a nd pa rk s
:l [iles
Ekc-t ric· JJOWPr lirw.s
I, Sfl2
9 1l
Or
na111l•ntal pools and fou nOa .;;, oil. and s tea m pi p (' lim s Miles __ _
91
138
N u mbe r __
tain s
_
1177
Conser \·n1 ion. fJood and ero~ion
and
histo r ir
!\ f onnnwnts
control, nnd irri~ation·
m a r kers ___________ _
,u;;
Numbe r
l:ll
Numher
~. 12,>, nno
Fish hntrht.., r if's
.\ cn.•s d rained
rapad t y in fingn•
n raim1 gi•. ot lw r than rm1d{ A n.nual
.')i.r',, :ii :,, 000
a.
Riti
64:l, sJ i , 11110 \l:l ,9:?.J,OUU
\ I iles or ditch
hogs.
s idl' :rnd mo~q u ito•con t rol. { ~ [ ilrs of pipe
____ , M iles __
Fin.•hn•a k ~
. . __
I, fi7fi
:i~fi
I. 7 12
ll! iles __ _
:<, 1'1\1
Fire and fo rest t rails
I , 171
~ 1i!f'S
Fcnring
,1
Acres __
l'Jfl, .~~l'.?
Refo rest at ioo
{ Trees pla n1 rd
Ii,'):,.,
llil, 1[11 , 111111
N u1n h( r
' l.' u01 w ls-to t a l ______ _
{
--•
L
in(lar
feN
21.i.
no-...
Plan I llll! oys lt•rs
i\,
HJ.I
,
11011
Bushe ls planlt·, 1
Ll'H'C'S nnd l'mhankments __
J\J iles_
11 2
~Al
Jrl ti(,.,_ qnd hn,akwat ers
~~I
:\Ji les.
bl
Numhl' r
Vehicu la r _
{ L inea r fee t
Bulkheads _
__
'2 . .58fi
ll!iles .. _
111
39
R1 1 tnining wal1 s and re,et12f1
Xumbe r
Ped est r ian
{ Linrn r fret_ .
l\I iles __ _
HI. ,31
ments
1, 252
11 0
l\' u mber_ __ .
_
Rq ua rr yar ds
11, 790. tlOO
.112
1, 701.000
Riprap
-- -- -Other_ ___ _
{ Linea r fee t ___ . _____ _
Riverbank and sho re im;\Iiles ___ _
pro\·ernent
3, 495
n, 1112
D ock..; , \\ ha r n •s, a n d pie r:,;
"\J° u m her
M iles_
~trenmhrd imrirovrmc·nt
,\rl ifkia l du1nncls, ot lw r t ltnn
Cons1•n ·a tion. flood. and t'ro·
s ion f'ontrol darns _____ _
'{umhrr
drninage and ir r igation . ____ \ l ile:-:
1:t 17!1
il1
'" ~: 1-

Heconst ru c•
l ion o r irn ·
provement

6SI

~~-~~I~ -~'.~:'.

""

2,902,000

3, 760

317
4\1, ~93

• i;,13, 2 12
I, ()l lJ

r,o
260
iii

-

2
Ji

91.1

1

1.171

76

1.1.;!;(i

1

---1

' l>at ;1 n·l•ll•• to tht· c- wnulath1· pl•r111d thro ugh J 11 n l~ :m, 1i110 a nd a p pl_\ to t he co o tincn tal Un it ed State~ only.
11

lnrludrt-i su r facing.
(Cuncl ud ecl uu nt'Xt µage)

>-

"d
"d

t'1
~,u ;::,z
JOI

:?,

15

)-,;

;,,<

7.5.

' · 11 :l
i:-., 77:i
HO
12:!
I 0, lit1H, 000
1.\/14[1

t,f)!J

:.»o. 6:ii

,,

· 1,.5;1)
ti
.i, h·l'i
2[1

,.HOI
I~

IU, 110:l
'.!fiO
182

~-

c,.;

w

TABl,E XV I.-

P11 vs 1CAL Acco~1PL 1s 11 MEN'l'S AN D P UBLIC P A H T I C' I PA'l' I ON ON P noJEC'l'S OPE 11ATED BY

r-'

Concl uded

WPA -

c..:i

~

Cu,tlll..\T!VI:-; TIIROUOII J)Jo.:CE\I H~R 31, 1939

Item

Unit of ,\fcas 11rcmenL

_IJ

N11111her

---

l'ubllt health and hosp1tnl art1nties ( 'ontinued .
U ome vbtts:
a nd
Examinallons
treatments
T ests
lmmu111 za 1ums
School sen ites

Ed11<·;u1on, art, and rnusi{' :1('tiYitif"' s: '

Ad1Jlt education

L1 teracr and naturnll zolsnrollees ______ _______
I ion classes
tru1111ng
Vocn t I o:nn I
E orollees . _ .
<·la~ses
Correspondence t·ourses
"nrollees
Enrollees
Other
Persons atten1 l1ng
Lectures nnd forums
!Schools
Nursery sc hools
I Enrollees
~pt•cinl 1nstr urtio11 for ins titulionalized and handiEnrollees
l'apped rh1ldren
Enrollees
\rt ins trurt1on t'lassl\s

293, 000
IUl,000
lti,000
,,:1 1, 000
llil.OUO
i.

E:\.arnirrntions

treat1nents
'l'e:-. ts
J111mu1111.al urns
Other son kes :

a:,~

38, 0011

E\.tnlinntions

I 11s trut'tion tlus:-:1.•s
Concert s
""e" 111g 1111d food prese n111g :
\rt1<'1 C's produced total
< larrncnts

~\fen's
\\'om en's
Iloys'
Oirls '
Infants' (exC'l urlm ~
layeues)
Other artic les
Food prescn iug:
Quarts C'a nncd
Pound s drie<I
l 'ublit· lwalth and hospital at•tivilit>:-.
(' ltmc and other heal! h se n ·ices: \
Dental cli nics· E, 1:u11111aI.ions nnd treatments
l\Icdica l clin ic-s·
Examinations
and
treatments
'rests
l mruunizotions

Enr11lll't.•s
f Perrorrnances
1 Persons attrnding
N umhrr

lllO. 000
2, !iOO
I, IOO. 000

-

Number
Numher
Number
Numher
Number

2110. n1:t ooo

--- "

!22, liS:l. 000
II, 2!.IH, 000
f17, 7Ua, 000

II, 2~S. 000
1,. 3 12, 1)1)()
27, llll l , 000
li7, (1110, 000

Numher
Numbe r

12,

20:1, IJOU
1, ,1!1, noo

-------Tola!

--

C' hildren

- -

35, 100

_II

.\cluh s
----

Perso ns reeci \'lllg: sen·icc
Pe r.sons re ceh· mg- se rvi ce
Pcrso11s rec0 i,·i ng serviee

1 IU, 300
20,900
10, 700

:ioo

i. ~00

21, 700
I. 100
7, IOO

H7, fiOO

21,

Data re late to a two-week period in J an uar y 1910 only,
" !Jata relate to tbo mouth or December 1930 only.

Persons reC'ei ving ~en it·~
Per.sons ret·e iv ing se rnc.'l1
Perso n:,; rel·ri,·inl! sen iC'C

:311. 1100
:1:i, 100
:i, 1011

:iii. tiOO
:i:1, 100
:!, 100

Perso ns rece1 \"in}!: se r\'lce
Per,-;u ns rceei,· in~ senic•f'
Perso11s re('e1ving sen·ic.·t•

3~. 7UU

2r1, :mo

'li. 200

IO, !Ill()
1,1100

1, 700

Ii()()

1G,

r,oo

.\,lults

5,900
300
I , 100

;ti
t,i

!I, 100

111,:wo

!(Kl

-;;
0

~

0
Xumher

~

"C

1J ousekct•111nL!•n1de ser\'lces:
Nu111l;or __
Families assis ted
Nu Ill her
Visits made
School lunc h sc r v itos:
{8ehools sen· iced
On J a nuary 17, rnllJ
Lunches ~en·ed
Cumulative throu gh DeLunches served . __
cembe r 31, 1939
L ibrary and book-repair acth·1ty:
Libraries operated or as N u mher
sis ted 0 -total
------- General puhlic lilJrnries
Public sc hool libraries
Other librnries
Bookmobiles
Uook renovatio11- totol volpublic library
volumes ______
P11hli c sc hool library mlumes
Olhe r llbrnry- volumes

:1,1 , 21:1, IKKI

-------

u, 'ifo.,

0

C)

;,;
t,i

0

>-3

:i:
trj

- -- - - - -

i:!S

Nu1nho r

--- ----

ti7, :iti l , 000

-------------

:!2,lill,011()

Pages trnnscribed

::0

1-:j

3, 35S
fl, OfiH
7H!l

Numher
Numhcr
1

11. ltiO
I, 011', 1100

---------------- - - -

Numbe r

3,300

II ,"}7,000
17, l!i!I. 000

Nurnhor
Numher
Numher
Numhrr

f :eneral

Braille
A

11, IOO
I, 000

and

tllll(lS

Persons re ceivi ng servire

I

17,000
I, 300
I, 700

Person s rereivin g scn·ic·e

and

C'h1l<lren

-

-----

Numbe r
Numhcr

ns roceiviog servi ce
I Perso
Perso ns re ce iving: servi ce

trnatnw11ts
Tests
l mm11111zat1011s

~. 000
47,000

;\I II Si(' :

Total

Unit of \ l easurement

I tern

:;!
"C

;:...

"J

::0

0

◄

2fi, 107,000
8, 3 11,, 0011

3, !JO!I, 000

C)

::0

~

13.5

APPENDIX
T ABLE x , · rr .-

SELE T ED .\

T I V ITI ES ON PROFESS I O.'IA L AXD

E RVI CE P ROJECT

OPERATED BY \\' PA , BY STATE

SELECT EI> PER IOD:,

N umher of
l\Iediea l and
_ _ _ _ _ _ ___ , N urnbcr D ental Exof School a mi nation s .

\ \' ork in St:\\ ing Room'i'

' tate

I

Lun chPs Trea tments,
Sen ·ed n T ests . 8 Ll d
I mm uni za-

tions c

Enrollmen t in \dult
ru m lwrof Education ('lasses c
Vi sits
E:nro ll ~ fade by
ml'nt in

l l ousekeepin~
.\ides "-

iza t ion
and liter -

ary

.\ ri1ona

.\r kansas
Calirorn i:1
Colorado
o mwctirut

Drlawarr
Dis1rirr of Columbia

22:?. fi~:i, 000

67,900,000

2.93 1.000
916. 000
I. 809,000
15. ;20. 000
2. 930. 000

623. 000
[6;. 000
309. 000
5. 089. 000
523. 000

I

I. 584. 000

300. 000

228. 000
1149, 000

119. 000
18fi. 000
1. 30.000

Florida

-4 . h-t i. 000

Georgi:1 .

;, i f,7 , 000

om

84~. 000

1. 0 18. 000
20.

342. 400

Ii, i 09. ()(JO

9.100

233. 000
~;. 00:'
,'l l!i, 000

o.fiOO

1.418.000

fi()()

:1. 300
,).fit)()

2.~. .=.oo

22. 500

39 1.000

2. 000
;_ 100
24. :\00
-17 , 700

1-13. iOO
16. 000
,.~. 900
10.,. 000
639. 000

00
;, 000

rn.

100

2n. ooo

~
I

Other
cJqssPs

I

773.

ooo

31.

ooo

lO. 61.10

91i. [)()()

I. 200

i. 200

3Q/J
I . 400

Y~. IJ()(\
I. 721. ()[XI

I. 500
700

I. 200
2..100
1;, 100

9. 300
12,900
200
I. 900
3. f,00
8. 300

500

100

2fi. <XIII

I I.I. ()(XI

800

I . 300

192. ()()(I

:,. 025. ()()()

,\ 500

2. 406. 000
I. I 12. 000

100
200

2ti l. 000
107. 000
ll. 800

4. 300
12. 100
100
50(\

10. 500
13. 900
I . 800
500

16. 800

•l in. 000

I . 000

14. , 00

300
100
ll00
3. 200

33. ()()(]

2. 500

29-1. 000

14 . 300

I Ill. 000

9.000
1.fiOO

I~~. lj()()

28. 100
-1 i. iOO

J0. ·100

.,20, 000
192. 000
32. 000

9. 200

l9. 400
3 I. fi()(J

) f irhigan
:\ f innrso ta
1\ r ississi ppi
;\risso ur i
~ I on Inna

1.08i.000
20. R9l. 000

2, J.lfi, 000

:;. 311\. (l(H)
3. 9 \ .i. 000
:i. 20;. 000

12. 219. 000
\ , 243. 000

5. 1;30_ 000

1.514.000

6.16. 000

;, \fl()

100

:\00
.:.,, fiOO

000

2:is. ooo

In. \fl()
r.. 900

2. 300. O(KJ
16 1. 000

I. 829. 000
13;. 000

),J"rw ll arnpshire

I. 6.10, 000

).;few Jt' rc:ry

,I. 2S I. 000

.\29. 000

3;; , 000
1.244 .000
23. l)()(J

5, 100
I . 400

4,000
.I. 800

16. 508. lXJO
.I. 95 1. 000

10, 2f>3.000
I. 251. 000

JOS. 800
.18. 100

1. 48 1.000

12.1.fl'lll

Nebras ka
~rn1d:1

New :\lexico

Xew York
No rth Ca roli na
:-for th Dakota
Ohi o
Oklahoma

Qrpgon
Pcnns,· Jyaoia
Rhode !slanrl
So u th Can ,Ii na
So uth Dako1a

'renues:-ee_
'rrxas
F lah
VPr mont
Virginia __

I •• \ ; \ ,

10..124. 000
3. 180. 000

:i. li23. 000
;20. ()(l()

2. 300
19. 5(\()
; 3_ 400

I. 1-11 . 000
1r.. •198. 000

4.12. [JOO

24..I()()

2. 719. 000
24q_ 1101\
r, 1. ooo
3;,, 000

2. ,()(1

I. i43, 000
3. 00 , 000
I. 908. 000
2. 645. 0011

19. ,191. 0011
800. 000
f, J I . 000
3. 348. 000

2. 6 \H. tlOll
I. 2 13. ()( JO

233. 000

:ioo

;3_ 100
74. 100

40. Q/JO
I. :JOO

I. 300

900

9. JOO

[5.400

879. ()[Kl

13. 00()
5. 00

368. ()()(I

4()()
()(]
60()

22. 600

268. ()(KJ

40()

35. 000

134. ()(JO

I. 200
00
l f,8.
72. ;oo
4. l()(J

2, 103. ()(J\l

72.000
2. ~l)O

122. 000
I. 059, ()(HI
9 , 000

5. 7(fl
96. ;(II)
9..100
6. 400

808. non
JG. 0,)0

I . 500

3. 100
53. 8()(1

I. 4()(1

:JOO

2.19. ()()(]
·10. 000
1.0:l0.000
4frl. 000

23, son
l o. ;{l(l

8 . .~()()

500

900

4. 800

300

23.

8. 300

85. 000
808. 000
20. ~oo
41 . 000

7. 200
8. 900

11. 200

85. 800

2. 000

234. 000

I.

022. 000

19. f,00
I. ~no

3:i.

;oo

I.

9. 700

7(11)

600

I , 200

8. 8(111

400

2 1. 900

S.I. 9()(1
fl, i'OO

I , 500

2. 300
9()(1
400

11.

5. 60()

Ii. 2()(l

on

4;3_ ,()(]

800

92. 1100

I~O. ()()<1
1.014.()()(1

5. 000

3. 500
6. 200

3;,1. 000

;oo

JO()

I . 900

500

6. r,oo
9. 10()

200

15, 4()(1
lfi. 50()

8()()
J()()

"· 4()(1
2. iOO
14 . 000

40()

2.

I

I H. [KKI
14 0. (JOO

2. 100
500
6. 5()()
98. 800

I, 9Gi, 60()

2'i6, 000
62. 000
29. ()()0

11 . ~Oil
2. 100

l,J ()(J

700

33, 100

20. 100

14.

89.IKHI

4()(1

64. 400

5. 300

3,\ ,1()0

328. 0,HJ
96. ()()(I

I

JOO
300
600
700

3·13. 000

8.32. 000

6. 300

211.
4. 900
300
8. 300

2 1. 3()()

I ()(]

7,400

869. (I()()

;j~;). 1)()(1

I • •1()0

29, ,100

I, 119;, 000

1.20,.m,

24 . 800

3. 900

500

4. \{)q_ 000

259. ;()()

I, 300
()()

51s. oon

41XI

3. 321. 000

400
I . 400

10. :JOO
800
6,500

148. 000
(\5.1. 000

:J.6 6.()()(/

fiOO

5.

I . ,\()()

300
12. 000

f•i. !XKI

·In. 300

l74. 000
12.;{l()

24. fl<Xl
24. \ 04)

" 'ashington _______ _

"Cumulath-e th ro ugh Dece rnher 3 1, 1939.
e On January 1, . 1940.
c T,vo-week period in Ja nu ary 19-l O.
n \\'eek endi ng F eb ru ar y 18, 1939.

2,600

fi,n()(l

" 'Pst , ·ireinia
\V isconsin
\Vyo m inz

800

I

()()(r

133, !KJ! I

I ..10,J

Krntucky ______ __________ _

665. 000
41 9. 000
14 ;_ 000
1.18. 000

9~.

2,B<XI

9. OIXI
fi, iOO
19. 200

L0uis iaoa
::i rainr
:\ l a rr larni
i\I assachuc:Pt ts

l , 00

4fi. \(JO

I. 400

1.1100

100
14 . 700
4. ;oo

121. !KKI

6()()

I

3M. 000

:;21.000

1 15. 680. (KKJ

8 ()(1

900

:,.

4,1 1. 000

11
~ :,

9,100
89. 900

;oo

fl()

Iowa
Kansas _____ __________ _

144 . 000
;30:1. 000

i.n

600
2.

8,900
33. 800
lfi.000
2. 100

2.

Hours

f~ti1;i~~:

I . ! ()()

139. 000
3..1.1;. 000
I. 490. 000
I. 13 . 000
SfiS. 000

5;, 100

I. 100. 000

~uml11•r of
P arti ci p~11t

12.000
2. iOO

.12i,
13. 238. 0011
4 ..130. 000
2. ifi l. 000
3. o;.ooo

I daho
.
lllinois ..
Indiana .

nner at

Nurse r y

- - - - - - - - - - -, - -------,, - - -- - I--------.\l :1bam.1

.Aftt>nd-

~ru s ir Per~c-hool s c for mane.i's r

Nat ural-

100
200
i OO

29,000

l,l ()()

I.I . 11)()

l,6()(1

10. Ii()()
I . 200

40()

200

150. 000

99. ()()(I

2. ,00

I

9.000

2. 000
532. 000
42. ()()0
140. 110,,

2. ()(JO

2%,000
126,0(XI

2. 300
II . 100
2. fiOO
2,000

5, JOO
5. 100
39. 900

124,000

602. ()(JO
130, /)Of)

42. IXHl
H O, 000

32~. ()(HI
I ;9. 0,~1
4 7, 00(1

34. ()(Kl

136

REPOHT ON PROGRE S OF THE \YPA PROGRAM

T .~BJ,E

X \ ' llI.- , 'ELECTED

I TE M ,-;

OF

Co:-:sT R PC'T ION

AC' C'O MPJ, JS HMEKT O!\'
WPA , BY STATE

P11n, JC'AL

CU M ULAT IVE THROUGH DECE MBER

31.

e\\·

C'OD·

s t ru ction

and adrli•
lion s

Total
~laba ms
--\ riz.ona
Arkansas ________ _
C'ahfornia
C'olorado ____ _

All 01lwr

Srhools
Rrcon-

N ew c<m-

s tru ct i0n
s tru ction
or irnpro\. . e- anrl addili ons
meat

470 , t 1~

27.M l

20, ,141

lt'i. 210
I. 714
i . Rl
8, :\80
6. 245

:iOO

:tl6

209

503

fi94

I. 382

343

359
Ji9
17

3. 11 2
89

IO
3

404

Dis t r ict of Columhia
Florida __ _
neorgia ___ _

122
5,419

222

Sf,9

6. 630

274

277
472

[daho _______ _
TI!inois _________ _

2, fi08
159

28

,53

62

1"4
li34
503
3.,9
35.5

Inrliana __ ___ _
[O\'t' 8 ____ ___ __

- - ----

K a n S.':tS _ _________________ __ _ _

Kentu cky _
Louis ia na
l\Iaine . __ _
:ll ar ylan<i
:r..1as~achusett s __

1.,.

40
5

18. 344
21. 6 17

41

23

844
8 10
153

14 . i72

61

12fi

8,843

28 1

i52

3. 236

42

1.591

1.,

282
88

899

11

3,f,
I , 241\

3. 28f.

:ltichi~an
). finn esota

li. 21;}
19,511

t t9

1,001

131

%5

~fi ssissippi
~Jissouri

11. 37i

rn. 908

Ii-I

198

293

593

7,239

23

2R3

10. 509
I. 705
I . 318
4, 400

48

245

20

32
r,3
, 34

2. 96i

269

210

i . 76 1

15
129

h,')fi

Montana ___ _

:\,.ehras ka

Nevada
N"ew B ampshirP
N'ew Jersey
Ne w :r..,[ Pxico

New York
~Orth f'aroli oa
~ort h Dakota

Ohio
Okla homa ___ ·-·-·····---··- --

rn 1,n
n,gso

84
fi j

I. 015
I. 3~2
I. 621
I. ~4f,

Ore~o n _
Pen n.;;rh ·a nia
Rho<le lsla n<i
South C arolina
outb Dakota

3. 050

12,803
"69
i . ,\30

35
87

102
2, 766

filR

12. 70~

69

Tennessee ..
Trxas _____________ _
Utah __ ________ _

29, 131
21, 21 7

21G

3. 33;
I. 436

27
11

,1, 029

130

\7('fffi ODt . . ---------

Vi rgi nia ___ ____ ____ __

,vashin gton
\\'est Virg inia
\Vi ~co nsin
\\' yoming

Ha,,·aii ______ _
P uert o Rioo __ _

i. 82i
11. 133

9,2 16
13,520

rn. r,01

4,,

184

43
45

54

3. 240

Ii

77

15

rn

28
368

or 1mpro\·,,.
mrnt

N umber or
N' umher of
P la vBrid ge.:.
N umher of rum her of gro u □ O s
C uh,erl s
an d V iaP a rk s
a ocl Athd uct~ ( rc w (New and (New anrl leti c Fields
Im p roved ) lmpro,-rrl) (Ne w a nd
and
Tmp rove<i)
l mpro,cd)

4R7
129
24i
2,040
574

94. 7ll

761. 122

, ii4
272

31,306

3. 41
I, 209

9
34
367
116

105
5i4

2,693

21. t)f,O
14 ,663
14. fii()

4r,r,

29 1
7

3. 005
32

130

143

194
293

255
I. 21\7

I, 084

58
5. 480
2 1,642

138
117

fi.~

5, 042

37

79, 759

506
323
250

2. 3 15

2fli

341
224

fifi7

3. 14 5

so. 722

400

I. 559

49

f\8

2 10

6. 609
3. 000

392

14 , 724

126

49
934
327
153
159

29
17

108

442
432

10,664

22
1r, 1
r,

692
20

17, 194

lfi3

90 1
3,595
I. 3 12
2. 2n~

2(1

.14 1
1,0 6

7,336

52. 1Rf1
22,683
14 , 205

3fiJ
4fl2

! , 24
2. 13.~

3 1,440

337
139

r, ,,

91fi
48
92

379

I, 63,,

5. 742
120
238
322

2fi4

:Ji

I. 3R I

3. fi l6
374
4,1

675

3. !05

.e.. 7 16

429

39
287
30

100

103
26
fi7
430
124

437
75

2. 002

12, 041
3. 9 i
I I, f, 8
3c , 65-1
39, 343

108

682
1, 866

2t)f1
2, 46.~

31 4
t , 399

ti, 072

22,955

2fiO

iO
30 1
29
71
90

178
1,070
51
272
69

61
148
50

377

14
33

23
193

155

559
150
375

32.1
750

2 18
5

4, 6 18

I. 135

5,559

14 i

404
fi3i
226

300

843

104
805

33
203

170
758

.,2 1
27fi

43 1
1,424
477

54 7

447

56,5

100
6. 549

7, 453

39. 152
18, 3 11
fi, 926
2,957
5,983

122

447

M,O

289

999

722
1, 032
:\80
I, 052

22,949
If, , 460
13,044

l flft

I, 385
152

2. 22

24
390
28

113

26

21

100
16

9
l

41

(Concluded o n nc~I pa ge)

149

28 4

I. 381
Qi!
IIO

1

329

255

fifi2
q9(i

:,.,92
431

20
11 7
166

53
152

3. 323
2, 4fi

729

150

430

183
283

262

16
93

! 9
39

34
48

f)()J

I. ~39

451
221
298

28

247

133
3Qj

232

.o

f,

20,068
26, 180
14,0iO

I. 532
1, 090

32
976
1.046

.,3r,
229

3.

759
10, 138
2,468
.,. 140
790

149
I , 251
l ,'iO

BY

-----,----- ------ ------,-- - - -

199

:m

Connecticut

Delaware

R ('('Ol]-

s t_ruction

1

OPERATED

1939

umhrr o f P uhll c· Builrlme~

:llilPs of
Ilighwa~7 S,
Road s. a nrl
Streets
(New and
Impro,e<i)

PROJE CTS

744
454
239

24
147

53

APPENDIX
T AB LE XV I I T. -

SE 1, E

TED

T-rE~l

OF

P11Y S ICA L A c,c,o ., 1PL1 s H )IE NT ON CoN>STRUf'1' ION
\\ ' PA , BY 8-r A TE
C'o11cll1d('d
f'l1ML' LA1' 1VE T II ROL' fl ll

.\l iles of \ Va ter .\I uin:::;

:'\ tiles of Storm and
Sa nitar y Se wers

Nurnh er or
Sanita r y

' tate
ReCOLl "l ru e--

Total
Al aba m a

Ari zo na _
Arkansas __
Cal iforn ia __

olorado __ _
Connecticut
D e lawa re
_
District of Columhia
Flor ida
Georgia __

Tdaho ________
T\l inois ____ ___ _
[n cliaoa __ ___ __ _

(owa __ _______

Kansas . ___________
Kentu cky __ __ _
Louisiana
:\I ai ne __
~l ar ylaod
~~ assachusetts
l\ li c higa n
:l l innesota
.\ r ississi ppi
Iissour L __
:lfonta oa __
; \1

Neb ras ka __
Nevada _ __
New ll ampshi re _
New Jersey .
New iirex ico _

New York _
~for th Carolina
North Dakota _
Ohio
Okla homa
Oregon _ _
Pennsylva nia
Rh ocle Isla nd
South Carolina
f;o uth Dakota
T e nnessee ___
T exas ____ _
Utah __ ____ _ _
Verm ont_ _ ___
V irginia ____ ___

str ucti on

2, 77 -1

l.1\ 4ti0

9. 6:lH

~l ru ctio n)

n,

me nt
I. i60, H5fi

.5. 272,592

12, 4~,,. 4:w

25. 060
l 7. 78 1
19, 7:1 1
19, 11 0

2.\ 5 18

290

74

3

2:l. 734

58

66
2, 7 f>

I:J

24

2li

I

15.1
147

27

12
47

15

fl

135
43i
1r.9
I S~
301

ffi
I. 19·1
13
10

2i

Si

~

I. liO
:J8fi

365
91
lfi
4i

I, i
110

:J39

20. 192
39. 130

Ii. \)60

so. 1\04

gi. 883
9. 674
:1H, 17f)

296
84. 250
204. 1\58
16. om

ment s
(;'\"e" C'oo~lru c-Uon)

I

30

74

\\"alls anrl
Re vet-

tion or

:1. 11:l

51

Retain i ng

impro,·e-

- -(')

B~1\~fi~ t,.
1

1

Recon:: . truc·New con-

stru ction

4
4
169

30

_\ cres Uraine<.I ( 1,,clu<li ng Roa dside
l)rai nage)

Pr h·ies
(New Con-

Si
31
917
17 1

SH

SW. 0 5U
~ . 60fi
2fi. 2:i:l

I, 366

29

I

23
Hj

1\6
.\0

13. 6 \ fi
.,i9. 800
234
905. 109
293. 2 19

434
i.19. 430
1.,0
17~•., 1.,
l 1~. 041

20
l
2
13
Ii

\I, 732
12i , 707
H . ·134
3i. , 64
2:~1, 746

\JI), tilJ
87". 363

Ii
29
3:3
Ii

fi7. 35
32.5. 323
-Iii . 200

!iS. 5f,9
483. I l.1
11 2. 109

2i

1:12
i3
136
flfii

48
20
3
,;
I 1.,

fi.>. 390
-11 . 457
180

35. 000
f,R. i36
4.18
996
20. :l2 1

15!i
8
J.1
2.,
Ii

I. 100

38
7H

195
139
111 . 435
I. 945
14 . 014

201. U49
·10. 426
34. 0i0
106, l iS
7. 272

.1, t1UI , f),1h

410
l.15
5 10

86
i

24fi
14

11 3
452

( ·' )

59

4
30
1,1

llfi

(')

°l7. 498
2 ..,52
3:1
19. 594
1.i. 223

19, i0I
4. 016
15, (\54
5,\ 31
fi, fii~

4. 941
i. 300
l ifi
141. 992
H .9 19

60
22

S:ll

'2.1, \-J,12

M

iO, 44 2
7~. 350

71. 716
280 . 266
I. 434
32, .,24
20:i. % 2

I:{, li7:{

2l . .502

11, i:10
If,
9:l. o7:l
:10. 34.,

.54,
fi.
5/i.
7,

f. lJ5
2!>9

:H, 22,5
2Q. 3 14
787
!Il l . 7i»
9fi0

·13. 713
1. 082, 393
34, 93i
25
\64 . 7.15

21,;. 405
!'•2. il2
10
120. 4il i

2
18 1

14

43

I
4

92
4 10
457
2 10

67
342
103
IS9

2.~
25

.,9

44

,:rn

60

I . l i9

6

380

!i9

fi
S2
13\1

I. 381

., 19
249
1~8
344 1
12
t.,9

Rs
i~
232
251\
3R
212

\V yomi ng _ __

27.~
54

l:Iaw·aii_ _ ___

2.1

A2

i:i
51
5

II

i
58
2

100

204

,vi sconsin _ _

Less t han 0.5 miles.

Hecons tr11 c·
tion or
impro v('molll

t-,H

-l i R

A

ew co n-

I impro\'ement
- -- - - - -

Was hin gton __
\V es t Virgi nia

Puer to Ri co __

1

tion or-

OPEIUT~;o

DECE MB ER 3 1, 193~

a nd Dist rib uti on Lines

New colist ru ction

Pn. oJEf'TS

.,s

212

56

~5i
9i
182
68

62
4
2 17

97
10
28
I 18
G1
18
271
I
I
9

10. iifi

ll S. 228
27. 366

0 26

1;9;3

21)

Ifi l
:12
17
6

5 1. i°'\G

34

16

:t\ :142

:i1 I

225

19

730
34

60
I

11 . 971
192,526
14 . 9i,,
.,. 3RO

s.~9o
I . 434

130. 600
81
23, 1:1i
2. 540

68

230

109, 01

243

12

2
70
19

4, f)()fi

26.,

24

7

.\Of.. !i2S

12 1, 2\lti

1..114

22
5

nl, -t 9fi
I , 720

II

Jf,

3
30

:JO

10

2

13
40

1:i.,. 93 1
'17, 42 1
750. fii2

160. 70i
17. 37 1

i

2

21
47

23, 722

2
142
2

24.22.5

6

--

100
461
Ii 6
34
200

I

154
50

25

34
23
16

'

21

I

42
32

,

29

2

138

REPORT ON PROGRESS OF T HE WPA PROGRAM

TABLE

XIX.

- NUMBER Of' P E RSONS E MPI,O YED ON FEDERAL WORK AND Co NsTR UCTJO X PROJE CT S AN D RE c 1r1EN 'l'S
Of' P U BLI C R E 1, 1Ef', BY STATE AND BY PROG R.-1. M '
CON TINENT \L UN I TED ST.ATE S

J UN E 1940

\\'u r k
Projects
.\ cl minis-

State

tration

{Em ployeL's J

Unit ed States .
Alabama
.\r izona
Cal ,rorn ia
Co lorad o
Co □ n ectic ut _
Delaware _
_ _
District or Colu mbia
Flor ida
Geo r.gia .

-1

16. i24
2, i 3ti

3,666

10, 799

1,682
3,665

2,471
649
1, 33;
5, 92ti
fi:i

I , 5-1 5
3"
688
3. 730

'· 406
14.805

904
II. 545
4. 886
2, 6jl
3. 399

I, 079
17, 2I~

5, 70-1

8. f,54
6, ·Hil

7. 237

Oo
24,434
4,611
7,307
3, 85:i

rn 093
20:374

I 468
8 15
2. 065
3, 138

64, H 1

' . 73G
20, 196
I , 470
6, 234

58, 5 1 l
9. 024

12. ,;158. 605
10,952
2S. 668
9. 4il3

37. 460
9..5YS
I 18. 994
37. 8 43

Tennessc
rrt•xas_ Utah

33, llOO

Virginia ___ _

2G, 25~1

73, 2-lfi
8. i02
3, 83:l

---1

23, 5,)7
30. 011
38. 713
2, fi7i

I

9, 522

1. 42.5

6. 906
4, Y89
5, -1 2.i

I 1, 7 ' 9

6, 02\1
6. 059
2,098
3. \188
li, Ui8

15,577
J O. 14h
3,262
9. 568
630

5, \J32
9,360
1. 420

1:

24, 783
fj, ~IG
15, 220
65. 9 10

Oregon
Pennsyh·a oia . __ __
Rh nd1• bland
South Caroli na
South Dakola ..

\V est \ ·i rgi oia ____ _
\Vi sconsin
\\'yoming

3.3%

-Ii , 3-1 5

H 5. 14 G

\V as hio~to □

547

135. i3i

New York
:--lorth Carohoa
:--lorLh Dakota .
Ohio
Oklahoma .

Vermont_ __

17, 14 '
2, tl86
3,353
35, 222
2S,2-l3

2, 5-1 7
7, S23
7, 455
2. 282

25, 7-

:--lebraska
~e\·ada
_ .......
_ ______ _
:--J"cw H ampshi re ___ _
New Jerse y
____ .
New .\ [ cxico

5. 508
970
13. Oih
8,852
7, Y-t2

liiU
4. 105

HO
Y4 I
,;71
23·1

67. 155
35, 07 -1

.'.\[ ontana _________ _

I, i3o
2. 946
23, 414
3. 684

19,940
' 136
755
141 , 792
41 , 152

ti. 950

i\ li chll!8ll

.\Iinnesota
.\I ississi ppi _
.\{is~our i

l, 1.170, 22ti

6. 196

34. 463

of Public Ass 1.., tance

7. 600

5. 398
I , 51G

2. un
6. 801

7. '03

7, -1 73

6, 5J5

6. 286
5. 439
9. 718

9,

5. 3 2
4. 197
3. 4\!9

" · 470
ti, 407
20. Iii~/
5, tiY3
3, 8til

42,854
4,964
2. 373
17. 080
5. 517

2.. . <J32
fi. 1;51,

'· 610
29.071
2. 039

1, I fl
20, 477
I G30

5, 435

4: 394

1. 225

I , 970

I. 947
14, \!38
6. 093
2,867
11,0lh

27. 3'.H
7. 39H

9. 028

3. ROS

1. 80 1
14. 9 12
195
5,218
2. 444

5, liOII

ti, -1 87

15, 157
l , 35U

15. 889

I. 3til
IO, 942
3. ti-I O

3:i. 077
,5. 552
. 938

1. 799

7-l! i
6. 20V

5, 456

10. 487
13, 65!)
1, 44 2
77-1
17. 111

3. 502
5.
74 :J 1
5. 5 13
f>IS

3. 41 9
., . 067
5. 262
5ii8

13. 687
2,1317
2. 130
2. 091

939
3;4

I, 2()2

.3 3
3,001

053
259
13 l
820
744

I, 127

2. 166
148, 035
41 . 620
28, 789
19, 726

770
469
133
141
2,469

5,600
9. 677
9. 924

2
34
54

109
, .. ,

·l ' i :H
3 1: 882
13,884
18. 5 16
' ti. 005

290
13,081
I , 527
7,326
12. 114

I, Oli7
1 233
• 683
I. 183

8. 458
68. 133

238
528
184
2 10
Ii

73. 302

863
935
780
3, G55
195

53. 976
35. 948
I, 166
23. 633
4, 931

450
983
I, 103
1. 9 10
3, 790

10, 501
869

2, 11 5

ti2, 90h

11 8. 702
35, li94
8, 22
122. 885
72, 739
19,
9"',
6,
19,
J.t,

1, 272

F

F

5, 428
F 100
673
I I. 174
I.

I. 17:l
-1 , 925
21, 50H
2.0:32

60. 310

l i . 365
F 3,000
6. 416

27, 7 '-I
2, 272
5. i 5
3 1, 145
4, -I 3

5, 5.14

527
6. 505

27b

Uran ts
( Graot
Vouche rs)

4, 234
799

19.
1.
2.
9.
ti,

7, 700
2 439
1: 460

F

Lr ation

3,6 14
4, 149
112. 322
14 , 133

2, 3JI
1,111

2. 94
F 7,500

Farm
~ecurity
_-\ drninis-

2, 49

2IO

3. 783
3. 8 15

12, li ;i

233

I, 9 1
3. 572
II . 956
808

255

n3

I. 862

2. 639

2, 461
14 , 957
2. 346
1. 12h
6. 325

933
201

liOO
35li
8 12
7, 161
640

I , 400
5 13

18. 639
81\4
F 104
11, Oiti
2. 370

327
I, 50'

10,969
t>. 326

t 3s'.
6ti,
55.
27,

F

2 1, 5!0
92,032

2,927

2. 467

rn:

1. 372. 65 1

71, 85-l

5, 91 4
2,544
4, 654
15, 517
5. 960

8. 44 9
9. 131
3. li30

4 , 6-l li
143
566
I 1, 707
1, 771

ti. 737
2, 102

General
R e lier u
(Cases)

'V

26Y. 033

I, YQ:l
1,855
1,04 3
16. 124
2. 564

Kcnt ll t'kY -----------··
Louis iana
1\ t: ai 11c~farylancl
.\{a,.sachu -:e tts. ___ _

~l'yt.J t'S

.._ 3Y2. 621

313,367

:H. 52:l

2j, 379
35. 38h

l daho ------------- ---Illi nois ................ .
Indi ana. ___ _________ _
Iowa.
______ ___ -Kan sas _ ____ _____ ___ _

Specia l

Other
Civilian
Federa l
Consorva - A ge
ncies; c
Stud e nt
O ut -o rti onCo rps •
( Emwork p ro- sc hool work ( Enrollees) ployees)
gram
program
(e mployees) (e mployees)

l, 73 4, -197

,1,
26,
75,
17,

.\.r kamrns

~at 1o ual Youth .\d mi nistra tion

s.

36, o·

F

688
F 1,)

240. 870
5, -165

2. 48
I , 947
I I
3. 947
2. 22 ~

9. 352
2. 3
9. 934
I • 554

5, 0 0
F

23

40. 303

...

13,639

5. .t-l2

F

1

:·.;~;153
1,023

17 , 43

4,979

I, 037

7,809
12. 303
i-17

2,008
14b

S07

6. 345
12, 400

9. 491
183. 60 1
10,500
2. 185
F 5,000

452
12. 962
65
794

11 8, 380

39. 12h
17. Sl fi
51, 545
3. 403

48. 138
2. 152

233

'

173
210
772
79ti
7.i2

F 6, ~00

321
720

22
41
102
5, 873
349

399
I. 943
292
2, 706
279
44 5

JO
41 3
5,470

,. 3. 00

118

12. 384
5, -14 5
2. 48
7. 460

3, 86

11. 05 1
15. 820
45, 803
I. 39R

761
106

3
44
30

25

;1 3

":=;ee notes on pp . 101 to 109 fo r descrip tion and sourcos of tl ata inclm.l ed.
B _\ ve rage enrollment during the month by state from which enro ll ed.
c [n clud es employment on projects financed from P\VA. fund ~ and on othe r Federal wo rk and construction proj ects fina nced in wh ole or in part
from eme rgency and ragu lar fu nds .
o F'igu res for a number of states incl ude cases receiv ing hospitalizat1on and/ or burial only.
E
F

I nclud es four perso n s oot repo rted by states.
E stimated.

139

APPEND I X
TABLE XX .-

A ,\ IOUNT Ofi' EA RN I NG S Ofi' P E l{SONS !;;,\! PLOYED ON f~EOE li<\ I, \V oHK ANO CONST R UCTION PHOJE C'I' >,
AND P A YMENT,-, FO t{ P HLH' R E Lt E ~' , BY ST ATE AND HI PRo c:RAM A
ONTI NEXTAL CN I TED

J UKE

0

TATES

IY40

[[o th ou sand s of rl oll a rs]
\ York P rogra m s

~ational Youth
Urand
rrotal

State

\V ork

Total

I
_U_n_i_w_d_S_t_t_e_s_

[ dabo . • • • • •• . •. .• • . . ..
[l!iuois ••....•• . .• ..••.
lndiaoa ••••• • • • . • • .•••
Iowa •. ••• • •• • ••••• . • .•
K a nsas •. •• . .•• •••••••
Kent uc ky ___ ______ _
L ouis ia na ___ __ _____ _
i i ai oe _
M a r y la nd .• _-•···
Massacb use tls ..

,
:S tt_ide:1t
JJ

/\ ~~km
og 8

O u t•of•
school
work
prog ram

Civilian

Otber

Couse r·
vat ,on
l 'or ps

F edera l
agen·
cies 8

- -- - - - -

Old
.

~age

Aid t o
deµeo<l·

Aid to

cc

eat
ch1ld rc n

th~ lilioU

1
~ ~·
1

s:;

3,846
I . 212
2,397
I , 961
3,629

3, 4ti4
7 4
2. 14 5
V, 135
I, 748

J, 842
38 1
I, 307
5, 256

2,9 11
361
3, 017
3.083
3, 389

I, 838

2. 838
2,n4
3,007

28b

967
18,952
6, 67
3. 5i4
2, 798

ti25
12,020

3,649
3. 327

3, 153

l. 564
2, i24
12, 7 17

Y32
I , !li2
7, 7li

N b raska .••• ....
Nevad a • . • • . • •
New H ampshi re __
New Jersey ___ __ _
New M ex ico __

3, 7Ti
I, ':JO

l, 703
2, 4G~I

T e nnessee _____ _
'l'exas ... .. . . •..•.•••.
Utah ·· · · · · · · ···•-•
Vermont __ ____ __
Virg inia _ _ __ ___

324

91
6

17G
225
37b
358
100

l , 710
1, 274

17

26

321
885

24

4,407

75

114
li3
6U
61
160

3, 9 15

ll 8

2, 132

I
15

207

32

89
355

I
6

l , JSS

I

4fi0
ltiH
51b
494
l5 l

I, 0UU

208
230
3, U6H
42\I

187
225
149
5,383
I, 389

·2
56
707
179

102
24
4ti
247
504

I, H9fi
764
62U

4til
30
SU
423
22G

,. 6ti
17
35
S3
78

IOti

19ti

2 532
'62b
369

'.!, S9U
l, IY:J
l, 153
530

83
> ltih
488
i, ti2

6
'205

I 'h

2S

7Ul
HU

2113

144

540
53
58
4-,

JI

57
35

'b

J7V

3 1JJ

lo

59
22b
i'Oli

28

:321

171

·HJ5

155

416

99

:JtiO

152
27

ti44

578
404
620
144

123

4.t.2

220

61

2, 44 5

-

-

-.I

62
17
205
65
(O)

2:\

426

858

E

24 50
23
3, 186
229

G

295

2,675

. \ dm10·•

~~~

5
30

431)

451

32

3,650
5-19
490
308

14

>"43
14 I
245
17

21

1, 771

15
25
25
10

a
4

41
19
12
5
5

I. 2:JV

IV

l, 084

13

I, 35 1

25
fj

795

179
I , 48 1

20
25
124
94

175
15

4Sl
11;1

29
173
45

35
431

711

459
60
124

2, 713

209

6

345
19

Farm

Sl'CuriL,

istratwo
Grants

ti
9

M

646

934

i:~~~~

9

277
83

'91
4

14

133
lti

(F 0 )

7

r 152

H-15

17

I, 107

ti.5

4

18

34
I
I
3

7,005
962

3,609

79

56S

11

15, OU,\
2, 8 2
887
9, ti82

9,378
I. 721
515

31 2
38
21
ll 6

ti45
127
3H

9H0

3. ti80

:J, O:J4

73

8, 5 14

592

29

190

33

J?')

362
148

IO

404

4

200

I, r;!"i

i. ~n3

78

3

730
.\9~

36
35

47

:144

I. 289

34

\:#2
l. 36Y
F 54

16

20
393
33

410

~8tl
ll V
13

II
393

155

lO

4, 774

12

I

>" 285

!)6

:J4fj

S63

33

IG2

14,\

4311

I. 18:J
I. 208
ltl8

7,460
I , 685
852
9, 27G

170

634
l. 444

16
33

93

541

12

3,331;
fi. 259
S38
32 1
J, ,51 i'

l, 60S
3. 488
55
198
I. 095

4 , 138

1, 562

2. 301

1. 6:l '
2,323
160

I, 464

4,050
7,683
I, 380

5, 794
593

ti0
7ti5

123

9

174
44
61

1.

1. 398

5, 371
2. 931

34
24 3

4 lti

8,306
2 658
, : 133
I, 121

1. 95ll

15, 2/~
l, 461
2, 782

490

53
Jl
25
4
173

3,809
598

I , 934
3,035

3, 47

25
4
IS
26
2

5, 422
I. 206

2, 157

2, 128
23, 98:i

957
I 53
754
1,353
I, 6 2

im l
2/h

Orego n . .. . ... . . ... .
P e nnsyl va nia _. ....••
Rh ode I sland .-·
South Carolina . .
South Dakot a .

147
13
84
111
28

GS
23
73
G

I, 136

New Yo rk ___ __ __
No rth Caroli na ..
No r t h Dakota . . _
Ohio •• .•• .. _.• • ••
Ok laho ma .

I, ll 6

15
13
ti
l:JH
24

I~

- -- -

1

Mic hi ga n •.•.. . . ..
:'vlinnesota . • . . _.
Mississippi •. ..••
:M i ssour i_ ____ ___ _
l\! ontaoa .. . . _.

Washing ton . ___ __
\V est Vi rg ini a ____ ___
\V isconsi n __ _________ _
\V yorn iog ___ _
_____ _

A d m in istration

_u _2_~---3-7-, -,,-1-ro-.-O-M_ _1_oo___a_3_ __2_,_3_14_ __5_,_5_W
_l __l_~- 7~ 1-n- ~- .-7-W- - ~- .-u-w_ __JO-_-H_W_ _ _l_,_8_14-

Al baw a. . .. . . ..
. .• \
Ari zona... . . .. .. .
Ark ansas.... ..•••
Cali fo rnia.. . . . ••
Colorado. . ....
Co nnec ti cu t. ...
Delawa re ..
Dis t ri c t of Columbia
F lorida . . . . . ..
Geo rg ia .... ..

ProJec ts
Admin·
1s trauon

S pecial Tyµe , of l 'ul>l, c
Assistaoc

I

3, 142
439

27

s

129

I

4;"li
·l . 44 ,\

i'ti 5

2, lGG
132
IG3
2<J l
4U6

4

F

2(il

;,,:4

' 22

FI

2 9
7

120
19

171

Gl

2,256
253

64
24 7

l f>ti
17

:J2
14

2:37

I, 154

1S4

4li~

"

24

47
I

9(i6
2:1

400

I, 052

24
9

26
13

t12

2.1

42

133

3tll

I,

25
26

85

68
11 5
14

6

IU

227
2GU
349
:li'

76
SSG

22/i

6

75

20

9

I, 221

lll

11 6

IOI
112

5
4
13
II

7
101
16

56
b3

3

154

27

2

7
17
20

ee notes on pp . 10-:i to 109 for description and sou rn •s of datn incl ud ed.
8 [ nclud es ea rnings o n projec ts financed from P \V _\ fund s and on other Fede-ml work aa<l cons tru c t 10 11 project ~ financed 10 wh ole or ia part from
emt'rgeocy and reg ul ar fund s.
c Figures fo r a number of s ta les include cos L of tw ~pit,11!1,ati n and b uri a ls.
n ln clu d cs $244 nol rc 11o r1 ecl by s tat es.
E ll osp ita li zatio n and burials amou nting Io $20, 74,5 no, 111cludcd beca use nu 111 hL'r of ca...,e :-- reccivi nJ! these scrvict:s onlj is not R \·si labl e.
,- Esti m ated.
G L ess th a n $500.
8 ~Ied ica l ca re, hos piralizaLioo, a nd burials a.111oun1 rn g to $35,4 .52 not included hecause nu 111l>er of case:; recei v1 ng lht'!:il' St'n· ice!- o nlj is not a,·oilahle.
A

Index

INDEX
( l•:xeluding talJles nnd ch:1rt ,. " ·hich

:Lr<'

Access io11, t o \\' PA projects , -4, -Hl-4 1, 42 4;3 _
Accomplish111ent ·, pli _,·s ical, i - !l , 6:; 8tl.
011 airport and ai rway projects , 26- 2 , :{.1- :3i, 69.
On national defen se projects , 6- 7, 21 l,>.
dmini s tratio11 o f the \\'P A program, ~l - 89 .
Adminis trati,·c e111plo.1·ccs, .57- 5,.
Admi11i,tr:iti1·c expenses, 6 , 11, .'\2, 53, 3-1 , .', 7- ,l S .
'01n111iss ion to th e Council of :\'at io nal
Ach ·i o r_,
Dcfcn c, 1,5, 20.
Ag;e, req uirem e nts concernin g , fo r \ VPA e111pluy 111 c nt,,
2.
Aged, aid to the, 92, 9:3, 95- 9 , I 03 , 108- I 09 .
Agricu ltu ra l Adju s tm ent Adminis tration , a ppro priat,ion of fi s cal .,·ea r 1941 ERA Act fun d s t.o, I 0 .
Agriculture, D epa rtm e nt of :
Allocation of \\'P A fund to bureau ~ of, :,:3.
Appropriati on of ~RA Act fund s for lo:.11 , to needy
farm e rs, 10.
Emp loy m e nt on \\. PA p ro jects operated b_r
bur -au. o f, 44.
, ee also individual bureaus of.
Aid to the blind and to d epende nt ch ildre n and old-age
ass istance, 92, 93, 95-98, 103, J 08- 109.
Airport and ai rwa _v p rojects , 22 , 26- 37.
Accomplis hm e nts on , 2 2S, :34 - 3 7, 69.
Albuqu e rqu e Ai rport, 1 c w Ml' x ico, 32.
Approval procedu re, 28- 29 .
B rr:,· Fi e ld, ashvi ll e, T e nn e sec, 3""J
E111p lo.1·mcnt on, 18. 45.
Expe nditu re., on, 37, 62 .
I daho Fal ls Airport, Idaho, 33.
La Gua rdia Field, New York , 29- :3 1, :{.'"J, 37.
Maxwe ll Fi eld, near M ontgo m r.,·, Alal,:1111:1, 33- 34.
M oline Airport, llli noi s , 32- 33.
M o rgantown, \Vest Virgin ia, :33_
R.cc1·cs F ield, Los Angel s (San P edro ) Ca liforni a ,
33- 34.
noho mi sh County Airport, near Ev e rett, \\'ashington , 31.
Sponsors · participation in, 28, 37.
Albuqucrq11e Airport, New M ex ico, \\'PA " ·o rk on, :)2.
Ali e n,, :statutor_,· p r vi s ions concc·rni11g;, 1:3- 14, 82 .
..\lloC'atio11 of \\' PA fund s, 11 , 32- .:;::i.
Am erican R e el Cros , app ropriation of ER,\ Ac t funds
to, 10.
Appropriations, 1, 10- 11 , 52.
S ee nlso Emergcnc_,. R e li ef App ropri:d i, 111 .\ ct of
19:39; Emerge ncy Re lie f Appro pri,1 t.io11 Act,
fisca l _,·car 194 1; incti,·idual :L!(l'llCies.
Arm _,· resen·atio11 s, p roj cts 011, 16-25.
Arts prog ram , :-l0, 86.

li s tPd i11 tabl e o f ('<llllPnts and appendix )
A. s ignmcnt o f workers to \\' PA e 111plo_,·1n e n(,, procedu res co11cerni11g;, s2- s:t
Ass ign111c11t:s to \Y PA projecb, number of, 4, 40- 41, 42- -t:3.
Be rry F'icld, Naslwille, T en ne,see, \VPA wo r k 011, :i2.
Blind , aid to the, \)2 , 9:l, !l.i - 9, , 103, 108- 109.
Blind perso n , provis io n · in ERA Act, fi . cal year 1941,
concerning, 13.
Braille projec t ,, accomplis hments on, 72.
Bridges, ,·ia duct s, and culn!rt s, , Iii 6 .
Ca mp Ord, C alifornia, s un·cy of WPA projec t o pe ra tion s in, 23- 25.
Canning; projec ts, accomp li. hmcnts o n , 77 78.
Ce rtifi cation of work e rs for WPA en,pl o_nnc nt. 2, 13- 14,
39, 82.
Chi ldren, a id to depe nd e nt , 92, 93, 95- 9 , 103, 108- 109.
Ci,·il Aero nautics Auih o rit_,·, re po11si bilitics of, for
\\' PA ai rpo rt and airway wo r k, 2 .
Cil'il \\'orb Adminis trati o n, 100, 108.
C il'iliall Collsc rv a ti o 11 Co rps, 90 , 91 , 108.
Coast Gua rd , l . , ., l(\ 17 I , 22 .
Com muni catioll projec ts, accomplis hn, C'n t s on, 69.
Com muni st s and me mbers of \'a zi Bunds barred from
\VPA e mp lo_v m c nt, 82.
Community se rvi ce projects, .J5, 62.
S ee also Arts program ; Education ; Librar.1' ; Mue um ; a nd Hecn·ation.
Compe nsation for injuri es s ustailled b_l' wo rk e rs o n
- 89.
WPA projects ,
Competition with pri,·ate indu try, regulations p re,·e nting, 86.
Consern1tion projects:
Acco111pli s hm c nt s 011, 7 - 79.
Empl oy ment Oil, .J.'i .
Expend it11rcs Oil, ti2 .
Pr ,·is ions in ERA Act , fi scal :,·ear 19.J 1, co nce rning, ll - 12.
Const rnct.ion projects:
Accomp lis hm e nt s on, 22- 25 , 65- 70, 72- 7:3, 7.'J- 76.
Emp loyment on, 4.J - -l6 , .J7 -l ~.
Expenditures o n, fisca l :,·e ar 19.J0, 62.
, er also individual t _y pcs of project s.
Costs. (See 1.:xpenditures.)
Co11ncil of :'\ation a l D e fe nse, Adviso r.,· 'o mmi ssio11 to,
I.\ 20.
Ddens projec t s. ( S rc :\'atio nal d efense projects.)
D e pende nt chi ldn•n, aid to , 92, 93, 95- 9 , I 03, 10, I 09 .
Earnings of pru,il'd workl'rs :
Amo1111t of,.')() ,'J l , Ml li0, 103.
Schedult· of,.;, 13, 48 .'i i , 83- 85.
Erlueati o n, Ofli(·,· of, 20 , fi9 .
l•:ducati on projpl'b, 8 9, 70 71.

H4

REPORT OX PROGRESS OF THE WP.\ PROGR.U l

l•:igh tcen-month e1nploy111l'11t pro\'isio11, -1 - 5, 3 39,
-1 l 42, 83, 99 100.
Eligibilit_,. requirement, for (• 1uplo_n nent 011 \\'P .\ projects, ' 2.
Ernergcnc_,· HC'li ef Appropriation Act of I 939 :
Balance,, u11ohligatccl, reappropriatcd u11dN th e
ERA Act, fisca l y ar 19-11, 10.
Funds appropriated, I, .52.
Funds t r:rn s fcrrecl from \rPA to the othC'r Federal
agencies, 52- 53.
Em rge ncr R e lief Appropriation Act, fi scal _, ear I 9-11:
Employment cont 11, plated under, ll.
Pro,·is ion s of, l0- 14.
R elaxation o f us ual pro"is ion s in case of WPA
d fen se proj ec t s, li 7, J.j 16.
Employees Compensatio11 Commission, L' . S., 88 8!l .
Employm e nt, 1-5, 3 - .'il, 81 5.
Of admini s trati,·c per,onnel, -57- 5 .
Assig nment to \YPA projects, nu 1nlwr of, -1, -10- 41,
-!2- .J3 .
Contemplated for fi scal _,·ear 19-ll , I I.
On Fed eral \\'Ork prog;rams , 90 92, 9,":i .
Fiscal yC'ar 19.JO, l- .j, 3c.
Hou rs of \\'Ork, 5, l 3, ,50- 5 l , .J. 8.'i .
On national rlefcn sc proj ec t s , 17 I 8.
Of perso ns ce rtifi er! a · in neerl of relief, 2, 39.
P olicies anrl procedu res:
Assi1,1; 11menl , 2 , 3.
Certification and referral, 2, 82.
Eighteen-rn nth pro,·is ion, -t- .'i, 38 39. 1 l- -!2,
3.
Eligibi lity, 82.
UndC' r ERA Act, fiscal year 19-!I, 13 1--l.
Relatio11 to une1nploy ment , 3 -1.
, eparations from \YPA pruject,, numb r of, 4,
-ti -12.
B y ,,. ize o f comnrnnity, 3, -Jfi 4, .
Total 1111mi>C' r of diffC're11t " ·o r ke rs si nec b ginning
of \\' PA program, c.
Trend of, 1- 2, 3 - 39, 100- 101.
Turnon•r, .J- .5, -!O-.J3 .
B y types of projeds , 3, -1-1 - -!6.
B y wage classes, 2, -I - .iO
Of \\'O lllen, 2, 39- .JO
On \\' PA projech op!·ra tC'd b." othl'r l•'e rlNal
agencies, -t3- -t-t .
E11tomolo~y and Pl ant (l11ara11ti11 e, Bun·:111 of, I I, -i3.
Eq11ipme11t, s upplies , a11d mat e riak p11rC'hases of,
,56, 59- 62.
Expenditures , .5- 6, 5.J.- 6-1 .
Adrninis tra(i\'e, 6, I I ..i2 ..'i3. -'i--l, -57 .'>K
On airport and ain,·a _, projects, 37, li2 .
Labo r cos t s, ,5- 6, -56, .59- 60.
l\lan-mon th cost s , 60.
M onth ly, ,5.J 56.
On 11ational rlefen s projects. 2.":i.
X onl::thor cos ts, .5- 6, 13, I 6, .'ii), .5 9-62.
ObjC'cl s of, :iii, ii9 1\2 .
Sponsor, ·, 6, 37 , .;x .'i9, 63 fi.J
Treas ury l)ppart111P 1d. c· o nt ro l nf, 9 .
Trend of, .1.J :,fi .

E xpen di tu res C'ontinu cl .
By typC's of proj e cts, G, fi2 H-1 .
th r Fed ral
On \\' PA projec-ls o pe rated by
agencies, G, .54.
Yl·ar e nding .Jun e 30, 19-10 , .5- fi, 5--l.
Farm Secu rity Admini s tration:
Appropriation of fi scal year 19--ll ERA Act fund s
to, 10.
Crant ' to needy farm famili es, 92, 93, 100, 109.
Fann-to-market and othe r secondary roads, \VPA
wqrk on , , 66.
Fed ral agenciPs:
Allocati on of \VPA fund s t o, 1 I , ,52- ,53.
Employment on v\' PA p rojects o pe rated by, .J.3- --l-l .
Expenditures of WPA fund s, 6, 5-1.
F cle ral-aicl highway work, e mpl oy m ent on, 92.
Fede ral Eme rgency Relief Admini s tration, 100, 109.
FedPr::tl H ousing Admini stration, \VPA cooperation in
program of, 7.
Federal projects , s tatutory eligibility r equ irem e nts of,
12.
F<·dc ral Surplu Co=oditie Corporation, food stamp
plan, 92-03.
F!'dcral work programs and pub lic a ss is tance , !lO- 109.
F ederal \Yo r ks Agency, ERA Act fund s for, .j2_
Fl ood contr I projects, accomplishments on, 78.
Food stamp plan for di stribution of surplus co mm oclitiP, to nel,ct _,, !l2- 9:'l.
Fun•,( S!' r\'icr, -IA , .'i:3 .
Fort D i,, ~ c-w J e r ey, urve_\' of \\. PA project operation s in, 2:'l.
Funds, :i2- 64.
A I lorat ion o f \YP A fu ncls , I I , .i2- ,'i:3.
Appropri a t ed u ncler th e ERA Ac-t of rn:rn, 1, 52.
Approp riated u ncl er th e KHA Act, fi s c-al ~-C'a r lfl--l 1,
I 0- 11.
S ee also Approp ri ations; Exppnd it ures.
Gen era l relief:
N11mber of families and , i11~l e persons recei,· ing,
9:3, !l8, 1 00.
Pa_n11 en ts to rec ipie nb of, Io:, .
Program, 92, !l3- 94, 98- l 00 , 109.
Gran ts to ne dy farm famili es , !l2, n:J, I 00. I O!l.
H ealth pr jects, accomplis hment~ 011, !l, 7ti.
Ir ii:dnrn_,., road, and s treet projec·h ·
Accomp li s hments on, 8, 6,i tj:-, _
EmploymC'nt on, 3, --l.J.. -t.1 .Jo .
Expenditnres on, 62 .
Honn; \\'Orkecl on , ."l.
Of importance for national clef!'nH', proposed oper ation f, 17.
R e ,· i \\' of Federal-aid higll\rn_, project ~ h y th( ·
Public Road s Aclmini s trat1011, 8S .
I listor ical rec rel su n ·e.1· projPch, accomplishments on,
:-,() _

bui ld ing projects, acco111p lishment.;; on, 7.5.
11 our~ worked on project~ :
Numbe r of, .51.
istat uton pro,·i~ions concerni11e:, ,5, I ~, lo, .iO-.~l ,
.J-,'-,.j _
I [o,spital

145

lKD BX

H ousehold and p er ons benefitin g fr om F d eral wor k
and public assistanc e prog rams, 9•1 t0:3.
Houseke ping a ide project,.,, acco n,pli shm c11t~ o n, 77.
Hous ing Authority, r . S., fl.7 , 92 .
Idaho Fall · Airp o rt , Ida ho, \\"PA " ·o r k on, :rt
Indian Affairs , Bureau of, appro priation of I•: H.\ .\ ct
fund s to, 10.
Injuries sus tained by \\"PA ,,·or ke rs , compe nsa ti on fo r,
8- 9.
Labor, expen ditures for, 5- 6, 56, ,j9- 60.
Labor Statistic , Bureau of, allo cati o n of \\" PA fu nds
to, 53 .
Lnbor turnover on 1YP A projec ts , 4- .">, 40-•t:3 .
La Guard ia F ield , Ne,,· York, \\ 'PA work o n, 2!)- :3 1,
35, :n
L gis lation concerning th e \\"PA , 10- 14, 8 1-89.
Li b rary proj ec ts , acco mplishm en t ~ 011, 72 .
Man-m on th cos ts on WPA projects, 60.
Man- m onths of employmen t, 8.
Ma re I land Na,-y Yard , \\"PA work in, HJ .
i\I ateri als , supplie , an d equipm e nt, purcltase,-. of, 56,
59- 62 .
:\l axweU Fi Id. near i\Ion tgom er~•, Al aba11, a, \\' PA
work on airport, 33- 3--l.
i\l olin e Airport , I llinois, \\' PA ,rn r k on, :3:2 :{:; ,
Iorgantown, 1Yest \ ' irginia, 1\"PA wo rk on ai r po rt. :3:; ,
i\loti on picture films, provisions r ga rcl in g in ERA Ac t,
fi scal year 1941 , 11.
:\-Ju e um ex tens ion p rojec ts , \\"PA \\'Ork o n , 71.
i\l usic p rojects , accompli,d1111 ents o n , SO.
Nasll\'i ll e (Berry Field ) T e1111essee, \\' PA \\'Ork 011 , ~2.
National d efense proj ec ts, ' 7, 15- 25 .
Acco mpli shrnents on , th1 ough J un e 1940, 6- 7, 2 J- 25.
Camp Orel , California, 23- 25.
Employ m nt n, 17- l
Expe nditures on, 25 .
Fo rt Di x, Ne" J er,-.e~·. 23.
Mare l sland Na,·.,· Yard. California, l!l.
Num her in o pera ti on in s prin g of J 940, I 7. :!2 .
San D iego, California. 19.
Statutory provi~io11,-. cor,cernin g , 7, 11 - 1:3, 15- lfi
T ~-p ,; f, 6- i, 16- 20, 22- 25.
For vocational trai11 i11g, 7, 12. 16 , 20- 2 1.
S ee al.so Airport and a irn·ay proj ec t ~.
Xati o na l Ecl,rcation A,wociati on , s un·cy of th e 1 ation 's
school buildin g n eels , 69.
Xati onal Guard, WPA project;; sp o nsored by, 16, 17IS, 22.
:'i'ati o nal P ark Sen·icc, 4--l , 53.
Xati onal You th Admini strati o n , 91- 92 , 95, 10:\ 108.
Na,·.,·, D epa rtment f the :
Acco mp lis hm ents, physical , on \\'PA projPcts
,; pon:sor cl by, 22 .
E mpl oym en t on \\"PA proj ects . pon sorc·d or ope rated by, 17- 1 .
Emplo _,·ment pro,·id ed on Federal to nstr11ction
projects, 92.
Sec re ta ry's certificati on of defen se pro,i,•l' t~ fo r
ope ration b~· \\' PA , 11, F.

Need:
ertifi cation of, a~ r<'q11in• 111p11t for projec t rnploym ent, 2, 13 -14 , :3n_ x2 .
Pe riodic in,·csti gation of, 2, 1-l , :-; :).
o nco nstnr cti on projec ts. (8 ('(' l'rof,,~sional and se n ·ice
p rojects.)
Non labor ex penclit11re:;:
Am ounts of , .'i- 6 , .56, 59 62 .
, tat11tory provi~ions co11cl'r 11i11 g, !i- 6, 13, L6, 8, .
Office of Go,·L,rn 11, cnt R c• po rt,;, appro J ri at ion of ERA
Act fund s to, 10.
Old-age assi:st.ar,c c, !l2, !l:'! , !l!i - 98 , 10:: . 108 109.
Orel, Ca111p , Califo rnia , 2:; -2:i .
P a rk and othe r rec reational fatilit ., projects:
Acco mpli s hm e nts 011 , 7:! ,:{ .
Employ me nt on, 4,'i .
Expend iture,; 011 , 62.
Pay 1nents to recipients of F ednal \\'Or k prog ram
employ m e nt a11cl of publi c r eli Pf, 10:{- 104.
P ersons benefiting from F('dC'ral work an d publi c assistance programs, 94 I 03.
Ph _,·:s ica l a ccumplis hm 11ts. (, 'ee Acco mplis hm e nt. ,
phys ical. )
P Glicies, o peratin g, and pro<'ed11 res of th t> WPA , 2- 3,
1- 9.

P rocu rem ent Di,·i:s io n , Treasu ry D e partnw11t , EH.A
Act f11ncl s fo r, 52.
P rofess io na l a11cl se r vice project,;:
Accom plis hm e nts< 11 , 22, (i8 7~ , 7ti 78 , 80.
E mpl o!'rncnt on , -!.5 -lt i, -17, 48.
Expenditures o n, fi sca l .vca r l 9-1-0, 62 .
Pro ject procedures and policies, 2- 3, 85 "9.
P rojects :
Acco mplishments, ph ys ical, 7 9, ti ,5- 80.
.\ pp roval p roced ure , 2 3, 85 88.
I•: Iigibilit !· of, 11- 12. 8,'i Si .
1•:x penditures o n , fi scal !·ear 19-10 , !i9 tjl) ,
Federal agency , financed \\'ith WPA fund , 11 , ~3--1--l , 52-53.
( >peration of, 8- 89.
:"p,,11so rship of, 86, 87, 88.
Statutor y pro,·isio ns relating to, 11 - 13, 86- 7.
See also Employ nwnl : l~x pe 11clit nrPs; indi,·idual
types of projects: Sponso rs.
Prope rty dam age claim s, a llocatio11 of f1111d s for sd tll'·
rn en t of , ,53.
Pu bl ic assistance programs , 92-9 ➔, 10 - 109.
Public build ings projects :
Accorn pli,; hrn e nts o n, 8- 9, 69 70 , 72- 73, 75, 79 ~O .
Emplo~-r11cnt on, 3, 45.
Ex pe nditures o n, 62.
For na t ional dcfrnse, 22.
~tatutor~· prn,·i~;ons concerning, 12, 1. 6, 87.
P ublic hea lt h project s , acco 111pli,; h111 nt s o n, 9, 76.
P ublic library ltuildi11gs, ac ·o mplish rn nt on, 72.
P 11ltlic Road s .-\ rlmi11i slrat io11, 1·mploy m nt on F deralaid higlrn·a~ "ork, 92.

14(5

REPORT o::-; PHOGHESS OF THE WPA PROGRA11'1

Publi c utilit_,. prnj eets. (S ee SC'w<' r sy8tl·111 am! •>ther
utility projl'ct s .)
f-'11hli · Worh Ad1nini s (ratiun , 92 , 10:3, 108.
P11erto Hi co Hccm1 s tru ctio11 Adlllinis (ratio1 1, appn,priati u n of ERA Act f11nd s t o , 10.
Purc ha · e of matt-rials , s upplies , and equip111,•11l fur
proj ect upcra tion, .56, .59 fi2 .
Quartcrm as tC'r C o rp8, -1-1 , ,53 .
Ra di o broa dtas tin g, limitation in the ERA .-\c-t , fi scal
ye ar I 94 I , I I .
Recreation proj ects , publi c participation in , i3- 7-L
ReC' ,·es Fie ld , Los A11geles (Han PPdrn), C alif.,rnia,
WPA work on , 33- 34 .
lll'ferral and cPrtificatinn of wo rkC'rs for l•111pli ,y1,1, ·11t, /<2.
lfrli ef. (8 e1 Hlind , aid t u: ChildrC' n , dt•pend l' nt , aid t,1 ;
fed e ral work and public a ss istan ce proµ:r::11ns: Cen l'ral re lief : Grants to neecly farm familit>s; Old-aµ:,'
a,· i~t a ncc : \Vorkrrs , CC'rlifiC'ation uf. )
Rent uf equipment and buildings, 56, .'i9- fj2 _
H.t•sea rch and recurd proj ects, (\2, 80 .
Safety provis ions for WPA " ·,.rk e rs , 88 8!J .
Sanitation projec t s:
Accomplis hments 011, 9, 76.
Employml'nt on , -15 .
Expe nditures 011, 62 .
R e ,·ic"· of, by th e Bioloµ:ir::il S11n· ., · qf tlw Dt•p::irtment nf the I nt<'rior , 88 .
SchPdule of monthly C'arning - . ., . 13 . .'i0 :\t. . 3- 85.
'chool lrnildings:
Accon,pli s hment s on , 8 . fi!l 70.
Employment on con s l ruel ion or i111prn,·1•111<•nt of,
-15.
Sc hool lunch l)ro jects, accompli ~l1111 P111 ~ 011 . 9 . 77 .
St·parations of workC'rs fro m \\'PA projcet , . . -H. -12.
:::le wer s~·stem and o the r utility projPc t ,:
Accomplis hmPnt s on , 9 . 7.'i- 7ti .
F:mp lo_v rnrnt on . 3 . -1 -1 ·--1.5.
f~xpe ndit 11res 011 , H2 .
Sewing project s :
Accomplis hme11t s 01 1. 7(i 77.
Empl oym e nt nn . :3 . .J.'i . -lf-i .
Expenditures o n . fi2 .
:-,nohomis h Co unty Airpnrt . \\'a,hin~ton , \\' PA work
on , 31.
S()cial Securit y program, . .,1w eial 1y 1w , of p1il,l ie a,,istance , 92 , 93 , gr, 98 . I 03, I 0c I 09 .
:-,oil C onse r\'at io n SC' n ·ic e. -1-1 . ;;3 _
:-;p1•c ia l t~· p1•, of p11hlic a,, i~ta11c,· undC'r th, • Soci a l
:-,c•rnrity programs. 92 . \J3 . !l., 9X . 103 , 10, 10\J .
Spo11snrs:
, \rP A. G.
Ex1w11dit ures o n projc•cb op,·ral <·d I,_
37 . .) .59 . f\3 - 64 .
Funds pl pdged for appnwed prnj C'ct ~- fi .
Partic-ipati o n in initiation a11d pm,c·<·uti o 11 of
projc·et s, 12- 13. 28 . 37 . -~9 . Rfi S8.
Twe nty-five pPrce nt prm·i,- io11 . 1:3. 16 , 7.
Types of agcnci e~ act i11g a , ..'i9 .
St a lP'-. ,·a ri a t io n i11 typps of pruj cct , o pe ratPd , 112 fi3 .
Ht n.l is ti cal , t 11di1 ·, and s un·e_r:s. accompli ~hn H• nt , 011 . :-.o.

Strrl't s anrl all ey:-. ::u·comp li s l1n1 ents o n. 67.
Suppli es. rnatprial s. and equipm e nt . purcha, p, of, 56,
.,!) 112 .
H11rpli 1s co 111111 odities . di s tribution of. 77- 78 . 92- 93.
Tl1t·at re project, , prnhili iti o n of, 12 . ti.
Tornado re li e f. a ll ocation of f11nd s for . ,53.
Traffic s un·c.vs , bc ndit s of WPA wo rk 0 11 . fil-i fi9.
T raining f work r,; in occ· 11pat io 11 , rcquirc·d by indu s tri es producing rle fe n;..e 1natpriab . 7 . 12. 1fl . 20- 21 .
TrPas 11ry , D Ppartmc•nt of the. financial co ntrol- of ERA
Act fund s. 89 .
Turnove r , labor, on WPA proj ecb. 4- ,5 . -10- -13 .
TwPn t y-fi \'f' perce11 t pro,· i,-ion for s p o nso r, ' s hare of
pmjpct cos t . 13 . lfi . 8 7.
1H•111pl oy111 1,t :
Relation of FPdPral wo rk and a . s i~tan cc· progran,,
to . 10 1- 102 .
R e lation of WPA mplo_1·m e nl l o , 3- 4.
Trend of , 1- 2 .
\ ' etpra ns, e mpl o_v 111 <'11t of. 13 , 82.
\ 'orational trainini,: projrcl . fur indus tric·• prod11eing
dl'fPnse mat erial , . 7. 12 . lfi . 20- 21.
Waµ: e rates:
Exemptions from regu lar scht·d11l e of 111onthly
earnings , 16 .
M o nthly sch edul e, .5, 13. 48- .~ I. 60, 3 8-i .
War De partment:
Accontplis hmc11t s , ph _,·s ical , on W P.-\ prnjt'cts
sp o nsored by, 22- 2.'i .
Emp l"yme nt pru,· ided 011 Ft' rlL• ral cu11 s lrnctio11
projects, 92.
Secretary's ce rtificat.i,J11 of defense projects f,ir
ope ration by WPA , 11 , 15.
vVPA projects s ponsored or , ,pc rat ed 1,_,·, 17, 1·" ·
19, 23- 25.
W elfare prujects:
Accon1p li s h111 c nts on , 76- 78.
l~rnp lo_vment nn, 45.
Expendit11res 011 , 62 .
,vonien, e m ployment uf, 2, 39- -10.
\York ca1t1ps, pr"vis i"n fur lllt'dical and hus pilal fa c iliti es for empl oyee in, ERA Act, fiscal year 19-11 , 1.J .
W orkl'rs:
Adm ini strative, numbe r and sala r_,. uf, .ji ,'i8.
Affida\'it a to thei r citizen s hip ::ind Jo_,·alty to th,·
l . S., 82.
Ali e ns , communist s , etc., s tatuto ry p rn,·ision.
concerning, 13- 14.
Ass i!{nm e nt of, 82- 83.
(' prtification of, 2, 13- 14 , 39, 82.
( ',impensation for inj11ries s ustained by. 88- 89 .
l•:arnings of, 5, 13, 4 ,5 1, 60, 3- .5, 103.
l•: ffect of 18-month provis ion 011 , -I .;, 38 39.
-11- 42, 83.
Eligibilit _,. req1 1ireme nts for Vl7 PA emplo _\'111e11t, 2.
Hours r,f work, .5, 13, 16, 50-.5 1, 8-1 - 8., .
:'\eed of, periodic investigation of, 2, I.J. , 83 .
'.\oncc-rtified , 2, 39, c 3.
Profess io11al and technical , -19- 50.

147
C ontinued .
2. 3!) -!O .
I n work ca111p, , pro v ision of m edi cal and h ospital
facilities f or , l ➔ •
S er r.l.~n Empl o_n 11 1•11( .
Wr iters' project, a c" 1nplisil111P11ts on, 0.
Yard s and l )ock s, B11rt•a11 o f :
Allocation of WP.\ f11nd s t o, under L<;RA Act " f
1939, .'i3.
E111plu_nnent on WPA proj ect s opl'ral (• d h _,. ,1-! .
I\' atio11al defen se proj ects, operated by , 19.

\\"urk er s

\\' rk('r~- ontinued .
H(frrr:11 ,uid tcrtificatio11 of , 2, 1:3 14 , 39, 2.
Safdy p r od ion · f0r , 8- ' 9.
Skilled, ➔ 9- 50 .
Total number since b eginning of WPA pro~nt1 n , X.
Training, ,·ocat io11al, r r ind11 stries produ c ing
deft·nse mater ials, 7, 12, l(i , 20- 2 1.
L' nskillN I. ➔ 50 .
\ ' ptl' r a11~. emplo_vmeut provi sio11 s cu11 ·c rning, 13,
~2.
\\' age cla~ses, 2, 4 - .'i0.

W 1J11ll'll ,

0